Toward the synthesis of cold and dense
anti-kaonic nuclear systems at J-PARC 	  	  	  	  	  	  	  Toshimitsu	  Yamazaki,	  Univ	  Tokyo,	  RIKEN	  with	  Y.	  Akaishi	  and	  other	  collaborators	  	  *	  Concerted	  experimental	  evidence	  for	  high-­‐density	  K-­‐pp	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  DISTO:	  short-­‐range-­‐collision	  and	  high-­‐q	  formaMon	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  J-­‐PARC	  E27:	  very	  small	  but	  deﬁnite	  yield	  	  	  *	  Impacts	  of	  the	  observed	  K-­‐pp:	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  !	  indicates	  20%	  enhanced	  Kbar-­‐N	  aUracMon	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  !	  suggesMng	  chiral	  symmetry	  restoraMon;	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  increasing	  aUracMon,	  densiMes	  	  	  *	  DISTO’s	  impact:	  Possible	  ProducMon	  of	  K-­‐K-­‐pp	  by	  pp	  collision	  at	  J-­‐PARC	  	  *	  Overview	  of	  double	  K-­‐K-­‐	  systems:	  K-­‐K-­‐pp	  	  *	  Toward	  ground-­‐state	  (low	  temperature)	  high-­‐density	  quark-­‐gluon	  regime	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  of	  nuclear	  maUer	  	  	  Concerted	  experimental	  evidence	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  for	  high-­‐density	  K-­‐pp	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  We are now in the new era	  *	  DISTO:	  enormous	  yield	  in	  short-­‐range	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  and	  high-­‐q	  collision	  	  	  *	  J-­‐PARC	  E27:	  very	  small	  cross	  secMon,	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  but	  successfully	  idenMﬁed	  K-pp�

Pionic and kaonic origins of nuclear forces	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  named	  by	  K.	  Nishijima�	  Two	  diﬀerent	  reacMon	  mechanisms	  to	  produce	  Λ*p	  -­‐-­‐>	  K-­‐pp	  Conventional: π+ + n --> Λ* + K+ 	New 2007 p + p --> Λ* + p + K+�Λ*-p distance at collision ~ 2.2 fm�
sticking probability: small ~ 1%�
Λ*: mostly in the q. f. region 	Collision distance RNN ~ 1/mρ~ 0.3 fm�
matches the small size ~ 1 fm�
of the dense K-pp bound state. 	

2005�

sticking probability ~ 1	

Dominance of Λ1405-p sticking�in NN collisions: Λ*-p doorway	DISTO	  results	  A gigantic peak observed
T.Y. et al., PRL 104 (2010)

1. A	  robust	  peak	  observed	  in	  pp	  !	  K+	  +	  p	  +	  Λ "at large angle "	  	  deviaMon	  spectra	  of	  both	  M(pΛ)	  and	  ΔM(K)	  2.	  Presence	  of	  K-­‐pp	  established	  with	  	  	  	  	  	  BK	  =	  105	  +-­‐	  2	  MeV,	  Γ	  =	  118	  +-­‐	  5	  MeV	  	  	  	  in	  agreement	  with	  the	  deep	  regime	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  not	  with	  the	  shallow	  regime	  3.	  Peak	  /	  conMnuum	  ~	  0.1;	  Λ1405	  /	  Λ ~	  0.1	  ! extraordinary	  sMcking	  	  X	  /	  Λ1405	  ~	  1,	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  as	  predicted	  proving	  	  K-­‐pp	  ! strongly	  bound,	  dense	  Y. Akaishi et al., PLB 613 (2005) 140-147�

J-PARC E27�
BK-pp = 95 +18-17 +30-21 MeV	DISTO 2010�

X2265 -> p+Λ population~ 100% in p + p -> X + K+
q = 1.6 GeV/c~ 2% in π+ + d -> X + K+q = 0.3 GeV/cIndicating:E27 2014� X2265 = dense K-pp

* Impacts of the observed K pp: 	

Enormous cross section at p + p	Low cross section at d(π+,K+)	

! dense system	

Binding energy by a factor of 2 larger 	! indicates 20% enhanced Kbar-N attraction	

! suggesting chiral symmetry restoration;	

increasing attraction, densities	

Brown, Kubodera, Rho estimate works	For ρ -> 3 ρ0,	Chiral symmetry restored,	

Isovector πN: 	

increased repulsion	

A GSI experimentconfirmed	in pionic 1s states in Sn	

I=0 KbarN:	

increased attraction	

! shrinkage 	

Hadronic phase to quark-gluon phase?�

From Maeda et al., Proc. Jpn. Acad. B (2013) 418-437�
Λ(1405)
AnsatzChiral Weak
Ansatz0-1.2

PDG2012

-1.3

-1.4

Global View�

s KN
-1.5

-1.6

-1.7

10%

20%
enhanced

-50

-100
DISTO
FOPI

-150

KN

I =0V KN

3I =0

KKN 2 V KN
3 I =0V
K NN
2 KN
3 V I =0
K N NN
2 KN

-200
[MeV]
I =0
KK NN 3V KN

EnergyKbar Nuclear Clusters	   ρav	  ~	  3	  ρ0	  !!	  

Why high-density nuclei possible ?
Against the nuclear physics “law” of ρ = const.
Normally: N-N hard-core:quark Pauli blocking+ gluon entanglement	  rN ~ 0.86 fm�
vN ~ 2.75 fm3�ρN = 1/vN�
~ 0.36 fm-3�
~ 2.1 ρ0�

Exceptional:
K- = s ubar: no u,d quark:
no Pauli repulsion; strong
attraction in u-ubar and d-dbar	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  NEW	  EXPERIMENTAL	  PROPOSAL	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  (conceptual)	  PRODUCTION	  OF	  	  	  -­‐-­‐	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  K K pp	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  Gateway	  toward	  Dense	  Kaon	  Condensed	  MaUer	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  IN	  PROTON-­‐PROTON	  COLLISIONS	  T. Yamazaki, Y. Akaishi, M. Hassanvand, 	Proc. Jpn. Acad. B 87, 362 (2011); 	

Phys. Rev. C84, 015207 (2011)	

Does	  K-­‐K-­‐	  repulsion	  diminish	  Kaon	  CondensaMon?	  
No	  !!	  	  T.	  Y.	  et	  al.,	  PJAB	  87	  (2011);	  Hassanvand	  et	  al.,	  PRC	  84	  (2011)	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  Maeda	  et	  al.,	  PJAB	  89	  (2013)	
<= from Kanada-Enyo, Jido PRC78�
Bare repulsion

However, K- is orbiting !�
Finite-size correctedinteraction

No	  repulsion	  eﬀect	  among	  K-­‐’s	
K- K- distance distribution"rrms(KK) ~1.0 fm in K-K-p "~0.9 fm in K-K-pp"
dense K-K- dynamically formed"
rrms(NN) ~1.0 fm in K-K-pp�

S. Maeda, Y. Akaishi & T. Yamazaki, Proc. Jpn. Acad. 89 (2014) 418�Formation of Λ* clusters in K-K-pp"! Λ* condensed matter"Λ*�- Λ*�

0.75 fm�K-pp ~ Λ*p �Abundant production of Λ*	in pp -> p Λ* K+ ~ 1/10 of Λ�Λ*p sticking	DISTO proved�

K-K-pp ~ Λ*Λ*�

Why not	Λ* + Λ*	sticking ?!�

Deeper	  bound	  state	  more	  favored	F. Sakuma RIKEN�

producMon-­‐yield	  esMmaMon	

• CS	  :	  σK-­‐K-­‐pp	  ~	  	  0.5nb	  • Beam	  :	  8	  GeV	  proton	  108	  /	  6s	  x	  1	  month	  (30d)	  =	  4x1013	  • Target	  :	  LH2	  target	  0.85	  g /cm2	  	  	  (=	  SKS	  target,	  0.0708	  g /cm3	  12	  cm)	  ~104 / month K-K-pp�
19�

Near-­‐future	  J-­‐PARC	  beam	  lines	• Primary	  beam:	  	  proton	  	  <~	  30	  GeV	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  highly	  aUracMve	  	  	  	  	  	  	  more	  thoughts	  on	  physics	  programs	

Doorways to Multi-Kaonic Nuclear Matter
T. Yamazaki, Y. Akaishi & M. Hassanvand, Proc. Jpn. Acad. B 87 (2011) 362	K+p
Several GeVpp

Λ*K-ppK+Short collision length
Compact bound stateΛ*p Λ*K-K-pp
K+

HI collisions�New	  data	  M(dΛ)	  in	  HI	N. Herrmann, BORMIO2012�

K- clusters

Cold, dense & microscopic nuclear systems 	

a New Paradigm – QG GroundState - so far untouched	

chiral symmetry restoration? quark-gluon phase?�
exotic nuclear dynamics, strange matter/star, kaon condensation,……	

K. Fukushima, T. Hatsuda,
Rep. Prog. Phys. 74 (2011)

Without the aid of gravity

MACROS for Dark Matter ?!	

Not Particles, but Strange Chunks
D. Jacobs and G. Starkman �	Y. Akaishi�Λ*= (K-p)I=0 condensed matter

Migrating real kaons!
-- a new paradigm --	

Chiral symmetry	

restoration�

Revival of Heitler-LondonHeisenberg picture

T. Yamazaki & Y. Akaishi,
Proc. Japan Academy, B 83 (2007) 144

Thank you very much�DISTO	  	  pp	  -­‐>	  pΛK+	  	  	  	  	  @2.85GeV	  T.	  Yamazaki	  et	  al.,	  PRL	  (2011)	  M(pΛ) – Μ(ΚΛ)	
(b) Small Angle Proton cut(a) Large Angle Proton cut

1.2

0.8

0.4

Projection DEV (arbitrary)X(2265)[GeV/c 2 ]

2.0
1.9
1.0

1.7

M(ΛK)

1.8

1.6
2.00Projection DEV (arbitrary)

1.6

2.1

2.0

N*(1710)2.1

2.2M(pΛ)2.3

2.4[GeV/c 2]

2.5

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.00.5

Projection DEV (arbitrary)

2.0
2.0

1.9
1.8

1.0
1.7
1.6
2.00

3.0X(2265)

N*(1710)
2.1

2.2

2.1

2.2M(pΛ)

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.3

2.4

2.5

[GeV/c 2 ]

2.5

1.2

0.8

Large angle	

Proton emission�

2.0
1.5

Small angle	

Proton emission �

0.40
2.00Projection DEV (arbitrary)

M(ΛK)[GeV/c 2 ]

2.1

2.1

2.2

M(pΛ)

2.3

2.4

[GeV/c 2 ]

2.5

1.0
0.502.0M(pΛ)[GeV/c2 ]0

L. Fabbietti et al., Nucl. Phys. A914 (2013) 60-68 �HADES @ 3.5 GeV cannot observe�
2.3
2.3

DISTO X2265 located outside the HADES Dalitz zone�
2.2
2.2

2.1
2.1

m23

2.0
2.0

1.9
1.9

1.8
1.8

1.7
1.7

1.6
1.6
2.0
2.0

DISTO�
2.1
2.1

2.2
2.2

2.3
2.3

2.4
2.4

m12

DISTO X(2265) @ 2.85 GeV	T. Yamazaki et al., PRL (2011)�

2.5
2.5

2.62.62.7
2.7

The double-resonance of X2265 in M(pΛ)-M(KΛ) at DISTO 2.85 GeV 	

is located outside the Dalitz zone at the HADES energy of 3.5 GeV !! 	

J-PARK E15�J-PARC E15 Semi-inclusive neutron spectrum	Akaishi:	  	  K-­‐	  +	  3He	  	  MM(n)	  spectra	  	  QFK:	  quasi-­‐free	  K:	  	  K-­‐	  +	  “n”	  !	  K-­‐	  +	  n,	  	  	  K-­‐	  +	  “p”	  !	  K0	  +	  n	  	  	  QFL*:	  quasi-­‐free	  Λ*:	  K-­‐	  +	  “p”	  ! Λ*	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  QFK	  shows	  a	  K-­‐+p+p	  threshold	  cusp	  at	  2370	  MeV	  	  	  	  	  	QFK�

QFK�

QFL*�

QFL*�

Trial	  ﬁwng	  of	  E15	  MM(n)	  with	  Akaishi’s	  QFK	  and	  QFL*	  curves	
QFK main peak @ 2.4 GeV well fitted�

Preliminary	

QFL* bump @2.35 GeV essentially needed �Needs more statistics�
Resultant anomalous intriguing excess around 2.3 GeV�QFK�QFL*�