The 49th Meeting of APEC Expert Group on New and Renewable Energy Technologies (EGNRET49)
Tokyo, Japan

Tracking APEC’s Renewable Energy
Doubling Goal
James Kendell
Acting Chair, EGEDAVice President, APERC

Outline APEC’s renewable energy (RE) doubling goal Considerations in tracking progress APEC renewable energy data collection
 Renewable energy in primary energy supply Renewable energy in final energy consumption
 Recommendation for tracking the renewableenergy doubling goal

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APEC’s renewable energy doubling goal EMM 11 2014: “Doubling the share of renewables in theAPEC energy mix, including in power generation, from2010 levels by 2030.”
 Energy ministers instructed the EWG through the EGNRET
to develop the road map Leaders’ meeting 2015: reaffirmed the doubling goal

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APEC renewable energy data collection
 APERC collects annual data on all energy products fromthe 21 member economies including the following: Hydroelectricity
 Geothermal heat and electricity
 Solar heat and electricity
 Wind electricity
 Biomass (fuelwood, wood wastes, agricultural waste,etc.)
 Liquid biofuels
 Biogases
 Wastes4

Considerations in tracking progress In tracking progress, What data should be used? IEA or APEC data?
 APERC energy outlook uses IEA data
 In tracking progress in energy intensity reduction, APERC uses APEC
data (final energy consumption without non-energy use divided byGDP @PPP) Should APEC data be used in tracking RE share?
 What to measure? Share in total primary energy supply (TPES) ortotal final energy consumption (TFEC)?
 TPES can be calculated using three different methods resulting indifferent values
 TFEC always has the same value for all the three methods

5Considerations in tracking progress Traditional biomass, exclude or include?
 Three member economies are not able to reportconsumption of this energy source It is possible that some member economies cannot
disaggregate biomass into modern and traditionalbiomass Large hydro Except for pumped-storage hydro, UN IRES definition
consider hydro regardless of size of the power plants as
renewable energy Geothermal UN IRES consider geothermal as renewable energy
6Renewable energy in primary energy supply
 ESTO prepares the energy balances using the physical energy content
method* In this method, the normal physical value of the primary energy form isused for the production figure For hydro, solar PV and wind, the primary energy form is the electricity
output For electricity generation from primary heat such as: nuclear, geothermaland concentrating solar; heat is the primary energy form
 Since it is difficult to measure the heat flow to the turbines, UN IRES
recommends that an estimate of heat input be used based on an efficiencyof 33% for nuclear and concentrating solar, and 10% forgeothermal The other methods are substitution method and direct equivalentmethod* UNSD. 2016. International Recommendations on Energy Statistics. New York.

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Primary RE supply calculated using three methods
Unit: ktoe

Physical Energy Content
Method
2010
2015
Coal
2,771,873 2,895,653
Oil
2,176,940 2,298,595
Gas
1,491,403 1,684,013
Nuclear433,564
395,217
Other non-renewables
25,92732,977
Renewable Energy
467,633
578,697
Biomass
211,317229,546
Hydro
153,422
190,692
Geothermal
35,782
38,210Solar
3,754
11,853
Wind
13,98337,814
Others49,37670,581
Total
7,367,341 7,885,152
Renewable Energy Share
6.3%
7.3%

Direct Equivalent
Method2010
2015
2,771,873 2,895,653
2,176,940 2,298,595
1,491,403 1,684,013
143,076
130,42225,92732,977435,429544,308
211,317229,546
153,422
190,692
3,578
3,821
3,754
11,853
13,98337,81449,37670,581
7,044,649 7,585,967
6.2%
7.2%

Substitution Method
2010
2,771,873
2,176,940
1,491,403
433,564
25,927785,548
211,317460,265
10,843
11,37642,372
49,376
7,685,256
10.2%

2015
2,895,653
2,298,595
1,684,013
395,217
32,977
1,034,289
229,546
572,075
11,57935,918
114,589
70,5818,340,744
12.4%

Note: Thermal efficiency used in the substitution method is 33%. Traditional and modern biomass are included. Unreported biomass is excluded.
Source: APEC data.

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Renewable energy in final energy consumption
Unit: ktoe

Including all biomass

Non-renewables
CoalOilGas
Electricity
Heat
Other non-renewables
Renewable Energy
Electricity and Heat
Biomass
Geothermal HeatSolar Heat
OthersTotal
RE Share2010
3,979,635
733,659
1,596,319
629,517830,359
186,5423,239
354,067
146,514
176,789
512
2,871
27,3824,333,703
8.2%

Excluding traditional biomass

2015
4,282,516
774,478
1,719,021
692,095
897,620
195,7443,558
445,716
219,524
183,649
749
3,372
38,421
4,728,232
9.4%

Non-renewables
CoalOil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Other non-renewables
Renewable Energy
Electricity and Heat
Biomass
Geothermal Heat
Solar Heat
OthersTotal
RE Share2010
3,979,635
733,659
1,596,319629,517
830,359
186,5423,239
292,145
146,514
114,867
512
2,871
27,382
4,271,780
6.8%

2015
4,282,516
774,478
1,719,021
692,095
897,620
195,7443,558
380,235
219,524
118,168
749
3,372
38,421
4,662,751
8.2%

Note: Consumption of electricity and heat from renewables is calculated from the share of total electricity and heat production. Unreported biomass isexcluded.
Source: APEC data.

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Findings
 The quality of data on traditional biomass is non-OECD APEC
economies may not be reliable yet and three economies are not able
to report consumption of this energy source There are different ways of calculating primary energy from noncombustible sources resulting in different values while final energy
consumption are the same using the same methodologies
 It would therefore be reasonable to: Exclude traditional biomass in the calculation of total consumption
and renewable energy share Track the renewable energy doubling goal as a share in final energy
consumption

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Recommendation for tracking RE doubling
100%
90%

6.8%

8.2%
Renewable Energy*

80%
70%

Other nonrenewables60%

Heat

50%

Electricity

40%

Gas

30%

Oil

20%

Coal

10%
0%

ESTO would like to recommendthat the share of renewableenergy in total final energy
consumption excluding
traditional biomass should be
the indicator that should be
used to track progress in thedoubling goal

2010

2015

Note: Renewable energy includes electricity and heat generated fromrenewable energy sources.
Source: APEC data.

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Thank you for your kind attention
http://aperc.ieej.or.jp/