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Viva Origino 36 (2008) 1-5

   55Ć«+Ňü'ŏ*@%,
ĝ&ľł+ę ¼9Ķţ&ĚÁ)Ũ
¼/'
÷<?ĩ;ĸÞîģČ"#!ãŋ÷ĳ+ RNA vxs^,¡º+ø& RNA krlxÌÔ&ũ<,ãŋăĞ+¨\xW9¡ºøôúÈ 80Ŭ90 'Ũú)'Ëđ¬<%[4]Øš<;¥ĪÒŨ)#!ŪìĪ*8;œ×?ġ%rjPBnĄÎ*8:ìĪČ)WwbJŅ*ħÚ9<;ũ<5æĽßŪ'ĩ;93=Ĉė& ;
<1&Ŀ5ErNlxŘĞũîĐ*,¢Ñŏ¼'
0Ū+½®?YCZJ%) &1,palxŘĞ)(+ÀŧČë?ĳ Ðķ ;  '=&Ą®ď9<% ;ŘĞ,¦+³
Ņ*Â%ĂĈČ& ;Amař+ĤÝ, 20
`JtEY^,`JtEQ^6µ³? <%54  3 & 12RigY^, 400R`JtEY^ 16'%5!:) !#%ņ@°Ř
Ğ+ĂĈÒ,³ŅĂĈČ'8:3=¢ÑĂĈČũ¨Ņ+¢ÑĨ,čy$+ņ@°ŘĞą;Ū& = ŘĞ, '&Ō0;8 *ì
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qIwř? ]rgQw)( : AmařŒ ũ9*ŜÄ? 5+5 ;
+Ńŀ+|&,Ç:Ő?;!4ŦAmařŦ`JtEY^'*Âń9+Ū!#%¢ÑĂĈÒ''+¢Ñ+
Ý, 6 ?):ň;5<) ĦŚũ ;Amař+¢Ñ*5Š{;Ū?ĩ% 15
 20 ?åÍ8 )*8:5;0',ų¸ť*Ä;¢ÑĨ*ÂpalxXBl
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ĂĈČ*5#% Ðķ,) ';ŰŭAmařŘĞ+QS[lYZJ)ÀŧOxh
BWwbJŅŘĞ,+¢ÑÒ9 6 $*ť<;ũŮŪ³Ņ+ř6Ŕ?ļ»;EHQ
^tXJWxUũůŪ ;³Ņ+Ă¿+³?
+³Ņ*ŊĒ;]qwSfCqxU ũŰŪôĻ*>;c^uqxU ũűŪ³Ņ?
Ļ;rAxU ũŲŪ¼+¡¼Ŗħ?¶;BVoqxU ũųŪATP ?#%āŅ
§Ô?ļ»;rGxU ;(+ť&WwbJŅAmařũ20 ĔŪŘĞ'%¢Ñŏ
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HQ^tXJWxU·+ 5 Ĕ,č<*Ä;Ū+~$*;'5&;   Ê ¢ÑŏÒ?ë;!4*,Amař6³ŅþÈ?Ý 10 mM 9Ý 100 mM ēÈ'þ)<-)9) +!4¥ýÒ+ĉôÒAmař+´§*,ÎŌ+8 *+oYsDS[s6DYsDS[s?ć !<*Ñ%ôĞBEwþÈũpHŪ?y¿*;!4ĥĴùþÈ5þ;¢Ñ++û¿*,Ď
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Ğ¢Ñ*! %,à9ĐĖ% ;!"
¾Čëõ?ć ;!4*,ÕĔ+Amař
ğ·²&Ë ª£?5$'?ĩÓ%ŋğ·¥Ĺ²+Amař+ĕ&ĺû)<-)9)
NADHūNADPH +8 ) 340 nm +ª£
Fsj_s³+ 340 nm +<FAD + 448 nm+<)()ő*);   -cSYRw*8;esdwř9EHPsŗř? ;¢Ñ+WBnQxLwS?
Fig. 1 * ;9* = =)¢Ñ*Â;AmařŘĞũ9*+Ã)ErNlxŘ
ĞŪ? !+ Table 1 & ;ĄÀ+ŘĞĜ'+ÂÑ,Î­*%yĬŀ9'ÀŧĢè+Ęy+ĂÏ,ï(+´§Ů¢Ññ*ŮAmařŘĞ+2ĸ<!'& ;5y$ó$',řŔ¢Ñ,QS[Bwřµ³¢ÑũĂ*|éŁĜ&,rAxUrGx
U¸ŕŪ&,cSYRwÛŖ% ;'&+¢Ñ&,+Amař Ks
WmwřrQwYuQw)( öÒ29<) ³Ņ +Amař* Â;Ģ§ ÆÝũKmŪ, 100 mM +ExXxyÞWBnMw
SWw],Ý')#% ;!#%ÂÑ
;ŘĞ*ò0 K m & 2 - 3
kcat & 2 - 3 êÊ Amař+>:*ô?!īĊČ¢Ñ+ŎÈ*ò0ļ»è, 100 9 1000 '¢Ññ*):Œ 5,6)!"<9, 25 &û#%;9 85 &,â* 1 - 2 ê¢ÑŎÈz;Ć«+ĊĆ*ķ;¯Ņ¾Čáş,*ŝ+&īÿ¢Ñ'ĲċŅŘĞ¢Ñ+|ş+,Ň
ü?ŀ;+*& = 

Figure 1. An example of UV experiments (details areshown in the text).

űĄÀ+|éŘĞĜ'+Š   ><><?©4¸+Ćā,|éŁĜ* % >7;ŴŵŶġŉ*8:rwř?
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5* AMP 8: ATP ?$;+& ;Amař,À,¹ĀĮ*ð#% ;¤ à+|é-2-

Viva Origino 36 (2008) 1-5

cáËZ]ñ2h1!ăĂÏå2hS[R]ñ2g/ ùÂ"qú2007
 3 ¬#d#ÁÚĀ ¸´û
TCA >5:[$Z]ñ2h1! -#''h/[7] "rÖ$ !Ð¯#)ôõ0*4WMñðÌ#®ä"ç0! #/   4WMñðÌ$7L[9^cá"÷-
4WMñ{¢Ë+ZSEI{¢Ë*l rÖ
$4YJ]2S[R]ñ"/4YJ]4WMæÆðÌÖ$4BD[ CoA =N:ñ CoA -TD[ CoA 2 2 =2 /Ø×ññuðÌ!
00Z?]QAD@]",cÙ0/ 1 Ü/
4WMñðÌ$w¿}"#Þ#*#10/     
þü@VUDIðÌ
4WMñ A  B -@VUDIāB 2g/
#Ñ¦$ 400 Ç"ì/4WMñ 20 Ç!
-mï·2D6E: / # {$Î({1  /¾#ðÌ"ö/2hD6E:/¦2¹-2à(
/2! !.#ðÌ" X Ò£¶
Èf°ê µ)-0/·a"$ #4WMñ ä# #ïo2¥x2ë)/ ß²°* !.q§/Åâ2Õ¡"0­t! 1 #4
WMñ2Ê2! -úi%;[CW]ñ!-4APY9]ñ*Z@]!-4[9J]*|)/ûÎ({1¦v#kÛ2í&ðÌ·2¤"/Ð¯$ Table 1 "#/   $ÉÖ#«ÍÃ±$è/îeªz#~ø"/p)#ã$úwûC]
P:ä{¢Ë#4WM4?[ tRNA {¢ðÌ
ú½"4WM4?[4GJ\^H - tRNA "4WMñ2æÆ/xû RNA ó_"`3
4WM4?[ tRNA õ#VUDIæÆx"í3'w4WMñ10/!4WMñÔ;Z?]4YJ]4APY9]ñOZ]õ#ýÿÇ2àOZ]^4APY9]ñ VD #Î({1"w tRNA õ#½À
Â4WMñæÆ Ýº0[8]³"VUDIæÆx$4YJ]^QAD@]āĄ Ü[9]!?^<]A2éæ@VUDIÔ DVHā$x2jë! -½
À$§Ä/@VUDI"!/ðÌ·
$4WMñ#©,.ò.s/
ÿüK:\8DIðÌîeªz
   rè#,"XMK:\8DI$ðÌ'.$ % · Ün0!
 b @¼ñ7AF[Ð{Ó/y»"!.ðÌ·2à¨
Table 2. Table of genetic code (indicated as anti-codon).
Amino acids are shown as 3 letters. First anti-codon arealmost determined whether it is a purine (A or G) or apyrimidin (U or C) except for the cases of (Term, Try)and (Ile, Met).
3rd


A

G

U

Phe

Ser

Tyr

A

G
2nd
U

C

-3-

C
Cys

1st
AG

(Term,
Term Try)

Leu

Ser

UC

Leu

Pro His

Arg

AG

Leu

Pro Gln  Arg

UC

Ile

Thr Asn

Ser

AG

(Ile,Met) The Lys

Arg

UC

Val 

Ala Asp

Gly

AG

Val

Ala Glu

Gly

UC

Viva Origino 36 (2008) 1-5!0 4 m##Ì*}3q¬0
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Ërò"µ4ß'#Í­_ª!
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#÷?I:W8CGêË#~v
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0 1405QJë²'0ô '"èe§|Õ#<ZGö5YC<GY
5QJë#îl ; Table2÷#,#"!
?I:W8CG$,n 3! FU
I:W8CG$"îl *.1öTable1 #{È÷)5YC<GYc # 3
$o n !, #kÄ +0   #`#[¼ËÁ!Ùì$èe§|Õ#g Ï5QJë#í#Çgx¾î
l"000Fig. 2 +-"#îl 1%\5QJë#¯
çîl 3  -&5QJëêËÏãÏ#Çgxîl"äx 0"!/)"¯ç°Ñ# [ " q0#0   èe§| Çgx¾îl",
0×£ .1 .^ ©å)#Þ4¢0ó`$± ¡q1
! èe§|Õ(5YC<GY¨10) 4¹Â+022! âà0k%5YC<GY
1§|ÕÛ[¼s!a¼À ý#5QJë#}$¿½³ õ U #}$æ"Ø³ ,#% /0#p,,½³¾!#
A©,Ø³¾!# Ā0 .5YC<
GY40h x¾îl 0-!
2 0    èe§|#rà¾Ù¥"$"Figure 2. Genetic code world.

-4-

BYL:ã}Ê"  tRNA #5YC
<GYöáuf÷ ARS #56EYD6D6föáu¶÷"!0
31
0Uhlenbeck [10] $ T7RNA PURWZ@4»d# tRNA 4}0èe¾´4Ð®M7HV5THY tRNA #5YC<GYáuf1" 20 ¼À# U !
56EYD6D6f404Ý¥#( ", #b #´2
2! tRNA 4ß' #;VZN$5YC<GYáuf"ïÓÔ# 20 Æ# t
ÿþý4'ß'0"¤ ,ùûûú
"$5YC<GY AUY5THYX6>
Y4# 'áuf$AUYFW8
HY4ð '56EYD6D6f"!
04+[8]1$5YC<GYáuf#Ì*}3 05QJë
4z0 C4N Þ4Ö0,#0
   º# tRNA #©,«ã¾!ér
4 Ãöy÷tRNA 4i/"8U=ONCGöñ"$]Ü#-"KUYZ
5@LT9Yë?ONCG * ÷4Ú"1µ5QJëö5QJ5>V5E
HWZFü5Q Jë5EJ >YSJU Yë
AMP #Ò³x}¸øARS $#x}¸45QJ
ë ATP .i0À,05QJ5>V5EHWZF . tRNA "5QJë4äÅ
0# ,[#À0÷ .5QJë4# RNA "Å"w$1)
"i/¦ 16 Æ#5QJ5>V5EHWZF"
5QJë y tRNA "äÅ04Ä+022!ó` ["Î}x1

Viva Origino 36 (2008) 1-5

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