Disclaimer
This report was compiled by an ADRC visiting researcher (VR) from ADRC
member countries.
The views expressed in the report do not necessarily reflect the views ofthe ADRC. The boundaries and names shown and the designations usedon the maps in the report also do not imply official endorsement or
acceptance by the ADRC.

FINAL RESEARCH PRESENTATION
Pakistan(6th April 2017)

AKBAR BACHAASSISTANT DIRECTOR,
1 NDMA PAKISTAN
1Research Theme

Disaster Education and Awareness as a Toolfor Disaster Risk Reduction*********2

Sequenceq Methodologygy Why Disaster Education and Awareness Evaluation of DM systems in Japan and Pakistan
 Common Disasters Among Japan and Pakistan
 Comparison between Japan and Pakistan(DMS+DE+DA)
 Issues and Gapes
 Recommendation and Way forward
3Acknowledgment• My deepest gratitude to the gov. of Japan & Pakistan..
• Earned excellent opportunity via VR Program to study Japanese DM Sys,culture and other social behaviour etc…
• Heartily appreciation to all ADRC team including, Kondo-san, Executive Director
ADRC my research mentors and coordinators included Nakamura
ADRC,Nakamura-sansan, Ueda
Uedasan , Arakeda.
• Special thanks to Shiomi-san who tirelessly arranged numerous visits andfacilitated my learning and study.
• Also thankful Watanabi-san, Ex-Sazaki-san, Kawaguchi-san, Junkoi-san forproviding me timely administrative support and assistance +support of Micki-san,
Arakeda-san and Menakata-san.
4

Methodology• Data Collection..
¾ Primaryy sources..questionnnaires,visits,obs,discussions,participation,lecturesq,,,,pp,etc¾ Secondary
y sources – books,, reports,
p, websites,VR,
reports,
p, Libraryy DRI etc.
¾ Data from 29 x institutions in Pakistan– Data from 44 x institutions in Japan.

• Limitation of the Study¾ Time¾ Resources¾ Descriptive
Di ti andd qualitative
lit ti datad t¾ Data mapping in both countries
5

Why Education and Awareness……?
 International Obligations & Commitments:¾ SFDRR (Priority-1.promote(Priority-1 promote national strategies to strengthen public educationand awareness in disaster risk reduction¾ HyogoHF
Frameworkk forf Action
A ti (HFA)/ GlGlobalb l Platform
Pl tf
ffor DiDisastert RiRiskkReduction(GPDRR) etc.

 National Obligations & Mandates:¾ As per law - NDM Act 2010…. Mandated to promote general education andawareness in relation to disaster management.
¾ As per National Policy - As per NDMP…
NDMP Policy Intervention NoNo.
3.2.4“Promoting risk awareness and knowledge through DRR education …
6

Why Education and Awareness……?
 Main contributor for p
promotingg culture of p
preparedness
pand resilience.
 Enhances community awareness & ownership.
 Promote effectiveness of response at community level.
level
 Structural and / or engineering interventions yield far less dividends if generaleducation,dti
research,h ttraining
i i andd awareness componentst are undermined.
di d Effective tool for disaster risk reduction.
 Moral obligations to preserve & transfer knowledge and awareness to future
generations / make better decision in context of past happenings.

7CComparison
ioff Japan
Jandd Pakistan
P ki tDM System
yDisaster Education
Disaster Awareness8

Evolution of DM System In Japan and Pakistan
56 Years Old

Evolution ofPakistan DM System

10 Years Old

Evolution of Japan DM System

9Top Ten Countries Affected by Disasters

10Comparison of DM System
Subjects / AreaJapan

Pakistan

Area in Sq kmPopulation

377,915
127.77 million

Administrative Unit

47 x Prefectures

790,000
190 million
4xProvincesRegions
gNatural Disaster like Riverine flood, flash flood, All common except
tsunami, cyclone, landslide, Typhoon
drought, tornado &,,earthquake,q, volcano,, droughtg & avalanches
avalancheslhetc.
Low as compared toDeath ration due to natural disaster
Pakistan
Ranking in top 10 x countries w.r.t number of9thdisasterR ki iin ttop 10 x countries
Rankingt i w.r.t.
t economici
3rdlosses due to disaster damages
DM System /Basic Act adopted
Since 1961

&3All common except
volcanic eruption
pHigh as compared toJapan
10th6thSince 2007

11

Comparison of DM System
Subjects / AreaJapan

DM Response Tiers
3x Tiers approach
DM Council Head-Central
Prime Minster
DM Council Head -Provincial/Prefecture Governor
DM Head - District / Municipal
City Mayor
Involvement of Parliamentarian in drills
Strong participation/exercise.
Conduct of Council Meetings
Regularly
More focus on
Disaster approach
preparedness/DRR
Existence of disaster plan at national
Yeslevel
Existence of disaster plan at prefecture
Yes/provincial level
Existence of disaster plan at city /Pakistan

3 x Tiers approach
Prime Minister
Chief Minister
District Nazim
Week participation
Partially
Relative more focus onresponse
response.
Yes
No, only KP,AJK has
launch DRM Road map
12
No only contingency

Comparison of Disaster Education
Subjects / Area

JapanPakistan

Nil

Nil

DRR subjects / topic at schooling level

Yes

No

Ad t ti off diAdaptation
disastert manuall att schoolingh li llevell

YYesNNo

Involvement of school in DRR activities

Yes

No

Curriculum for disaster management at schoolinglevel

Disaster related drills by education institution
institution.

Regularly by all schools Rarely by few schools

Institutionalized participation of school children inYes

various drills

NoIza! Kaeru Caravan participationYes

No such concept yet
adopted

P ti i ti off children
Participation
hildiin awareness ddays

A ti
ActiveP
Passivei

Nil

Yes

Curriculum for disaster management at University
level

13

Comparison of Disaster Education
Subjects / AreaJapanPakistan

University Offering Ph.D.in DRM

Yes

Yes(2 Nos)DM Faculty in Universities

Not yet started

Yes (4+)

Disaster drills at University level

Regularly heldRarely held

Disaster related seminar /workshops by Varsities

Yes

Yes

Disaster specific research

Yes

PartiallyRole of research institutions in DM

Strong

Week

Dedicated Research Institutions for DRR

Yes

NoC
Collaboration
off DM with Universities

SStrong

Week

Active Role of Education Ministry for DM PlanningYes

DM Panning by Education Ministry

Yes

Ministry established in2011
Not yet prepared14

Comparison of Disaster Education
Subjects / AreaJapanPakistan

Training in DM by Education MinistryYes

Not yet startedDM trainingt i i ini country
t institution
i tit tiYYes

P ti ll
Partially

Availability of dedicated disaster learning

Every prefecture andcentersalmost every city

School-Community
SchoolCommunity partnership for DRR

Yes

Not yet started

School safety initiatives

Yes

Started in year 2017provincial level
Efforts for disaster education at city / district

training facility with Rescue
1122 and civil defence.

p ofPartiallyy started in shape

Efforts for disaster education at national level Strong
Efforts for disaster education at prefecture /Even not at national level ,only

NIDM

StrongWeekNegligible due to absence ofStrong15

Comparison of Disaster AwarenessSubjects / AreaJapanPakistanCCommunity
it AwarenessAi DRRinYYes

N li ibl
Negligible

Role of Voluntary Organization in DRR

Yes

Negligible

National Disaster Awareness Days

Yes

Yes

National level drills with participation of PM

Yes

Not yet held

Awareness activities at national level

Yes

Yes

Awareness activities at Provincial/prefecture /district level

Yes / strong

Partially /week

Community Based DRR Organizations
Distribution of hazard maps at community door steps

Yes

Negligible

Yes

Nil
Being adopted atnational level only

Disaster Games show
Disaster drills / exhibition

Yes
Yes

Yes with few no16

Comparison of Disaster AwarenessSubjects / AreaJapanPakistan

R l off education
Roledti iin awareness

YYes

N li ibl
Negligible

Role of masses participation in DRR related activities

StrongWeek

Concept of Iza! Kaeru Caravan

Yes

Not adopted yetRole of private sectors in disaster awareness initiatives

Yes but not

Negligible

significant.
Role of social media

Yes

Yes

Disaster stalls in national /regional museums.

Yes

Not yetHosting Intl / Regional event on DRRAwareness by community based hazard mapping

Yes

Only twoYes

NoMedia coverage to DRR events
Utilization of trains, bus stops, public building etc for DRR

Yes
Yes
At significant level Not yet adopted theidea

17Uniqueness /best practices adopted by Japana. A culture of preparedness, where training and evacuation drills are systematicallypracticed at the local and community levels and in schools and workplaces.
b. Stakeholder involvement, where the national and local government, communities,
NGOs, and the private sector all know their role and feel pride for their involvement.
c Investments in structural measures including reinforced buildings and seawalls,c.
seawalls
cutting-edge risk assessments, early-warning systems, and hazard mapping, all supportedbysophisticatedsops ca ed

technology
ec o ogy

forodata
daacollection,coec o ,

ssimulation,ua o ,information,o a o ,

andadcommunication, and by scenario building to assess risks and to plan responses (such asevacuations) to hazards.
d. Extensive use of Social Media18

Uniqueness /best practices adopted by Japane. Hazard mapping as tool for DRR / General masses usually know their hazard and required
preparedness.
f.

Promotion of Contribution to Disaster Reduction Activities by Corporate Sectors

g. Documenting the experiences of major disasters in various museum throughphotographs, movies, messages, carton, graphic, games, memorial remains etc.
h. The concept of Iza! Kaeru Caravan! Program (2005)
i.

Hosting International and Regional Events is also one of the good source for Japan tocreate necessary education and awareness in local people particular in the youth fromuniversities and schools and to make them acquaint with disaster related themes.
19Uniqueness /best practices adopted by Japan
I. Existence of Regional bodies and forums like JICA, ADRC and IRP ,GADRI etc..
J PoliticalJ.
P li i l dedicationd di iandd hugehspending
dion DRR initiatives
i ii i(64 % off theh world
ld amongbilateral donors) also made Japan unique with other countries especially.
K. High education ration(99%) as compare to Pakistan(60% Approx.) also one of thecontributing factor in disaster risk preparedness, education and awareness.
L. Positive Role of Ageing Society – Japan is ageing society and therefore old possess vast
amount of indigenous knowledge, courage, patience, experience and resilience as compared
to youth. Their participation as voluntary workers are more exaggerated as compare toPakistan.

20

Uniqueness /best practices adopted by Japan
n. High Coverage through Community /BOKOMI Organizations (74 % for Kobe)

n. Hazard Specific Scientific Research - In Japan DRR is not yet taught at universities level
as discipline, however, research institutions are playing major role in hazard specific scientificresearch. Government support in this regard is also notable.
n. DRR activities at schooling level – Tough Japan has not yet adopted separate curriculumon disaster management,
management however,
however at least two disaster drills per year is included in theeducation manual.

21Issues and Gapes

22

Issues and Gapes
1) Adhocism, especially functioning of NIDM2)) Establishment and Functioning off DDMAs
3) High Turnover of DM Employees
4) Technical Expertise5) Political Will / conduct of NDMC / PDMC
6) NonNon-availably
availably of Disaster Museums7) Non-existence of Disaster Libraryg of Voluntarism for Disaster Awareness8)) Mainstreaming
9) Access to Information by Common Public
10) Lack of Dedicated Training and Awareness Section in DM Institutions
11) Lack of Coordination b/t NDMA,PDMAs and DDMAs
12) Passive Role of Education Sector

23Issues and Gapes
13) Lack of Coordination Between Education Sector and DM Institutions14)) DM Posts Filled with Non-Disaster Professionalsf15) Passive Role of Higher Education Commission16) Lack of research initiatives in the field of disaster risk management17) Lack of Community Based DRR Organizations18) Lack of awareness and nonnon-responsivenessresponsiveness by key stakeholders19) Non-availability of Relevant Data on Education and Awareness24

Rd ti / WayW forwardfd
Recommendation

25

Recommendation / Way forward-Pak
1) Functioning of NIDM as per the Spirit of NDM Act-2010
2) Establishment and Functioning of DDMAs
3) Improving Coordination b/t NDMA,PDMAs and DDMAs
4)) Coordination
Cwith Various Training Institutions Working either in Provincial orFederal Boundaries.
5) Establishing Disaster Corners / stalls in the National /Provincial Museums.
6) Establishment of Disaster Museums.
7) Adoption of Disaster Manual.
8) Coordination with Higher Education Commission(HEC):9) Enhancement of Political Will Via Sensitization Program26

Recommendation / Way forward (both countries)
1) Making Disaster Awareness Days for All
2) Mapping of Education and Awareness Database.
3) Disaster Education to be Included in Curriculums, Especially up toSSC Level
4) Making Disaster Management Degree Compulsory for DM Posts
5) Engagement of Corporate Sector in DRR Activities
6) Media Involvement in DRR
7) Preparedness activities must be repeated..
8) Involvement of Youth in DRR Activities
27

Recommendation / Way forward (Japan)
1) Japan having rich experience in DRR, may establish dedicated DRM Faculty forforeigners.
foreigners
2) Advance Level Degree(1-2 years)

in DRR from DM Organization may besponsored.
3) In order to facilitate foreign trainers /student in a benefitting ,Japan may translates
key books in English language.
4) More in-depth research on DRR for longer duration may be conducted byADRC/JICA etc.
t5) Visiting Researchers Program is very much helpful for sharing experience ,knowledge and learning Japan best practice in DRR
6) Refresher training of VR is also important.

28

Some useful techniques identified - for disastereducation and awarenessEducation & Awareness Techniques Education & Awareness Techniques
Public awareness campaigns and events

Seminars & conferences

Various disaster related publications

Mobile SMS and alerts

Disaster management plans

Paints on DRR

Distribution of pamphlets and broachers

Social media, Facebooks, websites, WhatsApp etc.

Annual reports of DM institutions

Cartons & comics

Newsletters on various hazards

Cultural arts

Simulations and drills

Mascots

Disaster parks

Appealing graphics and Iconography

Disaster museums

Banners / sign boards

Training courses / Workshops

Memorial walks

Exhibitions/Symposium

Streamers, standees, leaflets, stickers,
29

Some useful techniques identified - for disastereducation and awarenessEducation & Awareness Techniques Education & Awareness Techniques
Rehearsal of various hazards

Building blocks

Quiz competition

Leaning centre

On site visit etc.

ResearchGames& Sports

Curriculum

Town watching and field visit

DIG-disaster
DIG
disaster Imagination Game

Voluntary organization

MuseumRadio / Drama

Music

Story tellingPlay and learn

Videos &audio messages through print, radio,
television and internet outlets

Mapping, social mapping, resource mapping,vulnerability / risk mapping, safe and opportunitymapping,
30

Dōmo
arigatōgozaimashita
Thanks and Regards
g31