Thailand
on disaster risk management 2011
Amornthip Paksuchon
Visiting Researcher 2010 B

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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

Scope on Current status ofthe disaster risk management in Thailand
1. Thailand : general Information
2. Naturall Hazards
d3. Disaster Management System
4. Disaster management Strategy, Policy & Plan
5. Budget Size on National Level
6. Recent Major Projects on DRR
7. My work & What I would like to study inJapan ?
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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior1Thailand

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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

General information
Area: 513,115 sq. km.(198,114 sq. mi.);equivalent to the size of France

Population : 66.68 million.
(source : Thailand National Statistic Office 2009)

Capital City : Bangkok
Climate: Tropical monsoon.
Average temp. : 27 ◌ํ C
Nationality: Thai.
Ethnic groups: Thai 89%, other11%;

Government Type: Constitutional
Independence: Never colonized
Executive : King (chief of state),
PiPrimeMi
Ministeri t (h(headd off governmentt).
)
Religions: Buddhist 93%-94%, Muslim
5%-6%, Christian 1%, Hindu,Brahmin, other.
Languages: Thai (official language);English is the second language ofthe elite; Malay and regional
dialects
dialects.
Literacy : 95.9% male, 92.6% female.
Life expectancy :70.51male, 75.27 female
Currency : Baht (30.93 ; 1 USD and
38.25 : 100 JPN as of 25 Feb. 2011)
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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

2Geography

Four regions are distinguished:
North; mountainous ,forested
areas.
Central Plain with the Chao Phraya
River Basin and some other,smaller rivers basins;
including Eastern ,& Westernarea
North-East, also known as theKhorat Plateau;South on the northern half of theMalay Peninsula.
Administrative : 77 provinces,including Bangkok municipality
and recently new province,
sub-divided into 877 districts,
7,255 tambon administration,and 74,944 villages.
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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

Weather

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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

3Natural Hazards in Thailand
DisasterSeverity

Vulnerability

Management

Tendency

Flood

High

MediumMediumHigh

Landslide /Mudflow

HighMediumPoor

High

Windstorm

MediumMediumMediumMediumDroughtHigh

MediumMediumMedium

FireHigh

MediumMediumMediumExplosiveHigh

MediumMediumMedium

E thEarthquakekLLow

LLow

PPoor

M diMedium

Accident

HighMedium

PoorHighTsunami

HighMedium

MediumMedium

Source : DDPM Adjust in 2010
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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

Natural Hazards
Flash Flood surrounding the central
and southern part of Thailand . FloodingF
is the worst
disaster in 2010 and in 50 years

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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

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Recently Major Disasters
Most disasters are associated withwater. Large volume water flows down
to the mouth of Chao Phraya riverthrough Central basin Gulf of Thailand,i flinfluenced
d bby SSouthwest
tht monsoon.
Recent years, the amount of water
exceeded the capacities of either rivers& reservoirs, causes flooding annually,followed by the increasing of sea level,
this phenomena occurs every year inrainyy season.
Flooding is a common and annual
occurrence in this part of the world,
a combination of inadequate drainage
should be consideration.
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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

Tropical depression become to Cyclonein Southern parts of Thailand 201010
Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

5Flood in 2010

Flooding flows down to BKK
through 51provinces bysouthwest monsoon season,takes places annually between
June until October; then in
November affected to theSouth.

11Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

FLOOD PRONE AREA 2010
8,663,221 affected

people 51 Provinces

257 deadd d in 29 provinces
93 in Central region,78 in South region,
55 in Northeast region,
28 in North region,
3 in East region.

Cause of Death

227 drowning
17 Electrocution
6 Landslide
3 Falling tree
3 Shock/fainted
2 Fire1 Lack of oxygenLow
ModerateHigh12
Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

6Land slide & Mud Flow

A landslide in Nakhon sri Thamarat, caused by excessive rains

Landslides and mud flow occur
frequently due to the influence ofmonsoon, heavy rain
in northern which are mountainous
including the south .

photo credit : www. disaster.go.th

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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior)

Flood 2010
Ecomomic damage 3232-54 Billion baht

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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

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PIPOON Landslide & Mud Flow22 November 1988

Pitoon District

PHUKET

Pipoon Landslide disaster was caused by a week long
heavy rain. It occurred On 22 November 1988 atKratoon Sub-District, Pipoon District, Nakorn Si
Thammarat province. This event killed 769 local
residents
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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

NAMHO Land Slide & Mud Flow
10 August 2001

Worst landslide disaster since1988. More than 131 people
perished. Two villages werecompletely destroyed.
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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

8Land Slide Hazard MapHighModerateLow
LowModulateHigh17
Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of InteriorWindstorm-Prone Areas due to Thunderstorm

High18Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

9Windstorm--Prone Areas due to Tropical Cyclones
WindstormLow
Moderate
High
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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

Tropical Storm Harriet

Tropical Storm Harriet was the most disastrous storm in Thailand
after the Indian Tsunami. It killed almost 1,000 people and caused
big flood in 12 provinces ; destroyed almost everything along thepath; 1o,ooo homeless, 16,ooo hectares of farmland were damages.
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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

10Typhoon GAY

Chumporn province , 4 November 1989

Chumporn

The only typhoon ever hit Thailand. The speed
was estimatedti t d att 120 km/hour.
k /hMMore ththan 25,000
25 000people were affected and 654 were perished. About
809 boats and ships were sunk. This disasterbrought the total loss and damage at 11,687million
THB. (333 M.USD)
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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

The Indian Ocean Tsunami
9 a.m. December 26,26, 2004The Indian Ocean Tsunami killed 8,212 and injured 8,457 people inThailand. It affected more than 1million people in six provinces. The totalddamageandd loss
l was estimatedti t d att 2.1
2 1 billions
billi
USD
USD.

Krabi

Ranong

Trang

Satun

Phang Nga
Phuket22

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The Indian Ocean Tsunami 26 Dec. 2004 in Thailand
total loss 399
399..78 M. USD

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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

The Indian Ocean Tsunami,killed 5,395 , affected 58,58,550 in 6 provinces

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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

12Disaster Management System

based onDisaster Prevention and Mitigation Act 2007
Come into force on 6 November 2007

Institutional arrangement
1.National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Committee (NDPMC)
2. The Commander in chief.
3. The Secretariat of NDPMC.
4. The Directors in the Incident Commander
All D.M. activities are directed and controlled
by the Directors at 3 levels:(a) National (b) Provincial and (c) Local

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Disaster Management System
The Cabinet
commandreportNational Councils (NDPMC, NSCT)
commandreportreport

BMA.

Policy Makers

The Secretariat
Command/ Coord.

reportProvincial Governments (75)
Pataya City, Large
Municipalities

District Governments

Actions

Local administration, Small
Municipalities
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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

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NDPMC

National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Committee• Based on the DPM Act 2007
• NDPMC is a policyl maker,
k chairedhdb
byPrime Minister or designated Deputy Prime
Minister and DG. Of DDPM is the Secretary
34 members, and various sub-committee• Minister
Mi i t off Interior
I t i isi theth CommanderCd ini chef; in large - scale of emergency response.
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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

NSCTNational Safety Council of Thailand• NSCT is a policy
polic maker bod
body in technological disastermanagement• NSCT is chaired by Prime Minister or designatedDeputy Prime Minister• NSCT comprises 34 members from a wide rangeof sectors

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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

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National Master Plan for DPM
Part I : Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Principle
Part II : Standard operating procedures (SOPs)
Part III : National security issues.
Part I : Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Principle 9 chapters,(1) Disaster Situation and Management System(2) Policy, Vision, Objectives, and Goals(3) Strategies, Work Plan and Countermeasures(4) Disaster prevention and Mitigation(5) Disaster Preparedness(6) Management during disaster emergency(7) Post Disaster Management(8) Roles of relevant agencies(9) Implementation

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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

National Master Plan for DPM
Part II: SOPs for Disasters.
14 chapters on different disasters :Flood and Landslides, Tropical Cyclone ,Urban Fire,Chemicals &hazardous
materials, transportation-related accidents, Drought, Cold Snap, Haze &wild Fire, Earthquake & collapse Building,Tsunami , Human epidemic, Plantepidemic, Animal epidemic, and Cyber terrorism.
Part III : Disaster Prevention and Mitigation in the Aspectof National Security Issues comprise 5 chapters.
Principle of National security.
security
Prevention and Suppression of sabotage
Prevention and Mitigation of Disaster caused by Mines
Prevention and Mitigation of Disaster caused by Air Raid
Prevention and Suppression of Riot and Violent Protest
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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

15Disaster Management Strategy 2012-2016
Good governance indisaster prevention andmitigationiii

Capacity Buildingin DD.M
M

Goal : to reduce/ avoid losses fromhazards, assure prompt&appropriate assistance to victims byachieve rapid & effective recovery.

Increasing D.M.
Networking

Systematic & Sustainable
in Re-habilitation &Recovery
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Department of Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation(DDPM)•Established in 2002
2002,,
under MOI•

Performs theSecretariat Tasks for
NDPMC and NSCT•Has over 4,000 Staffs,
with 18 branch inregional offices•

And having staffs in75 provinces
throughout thecountry
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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

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DDPM ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
DirectorDirector-General

Deputy DirectorDirector-General(Technical Affairs)

Deputy DirectorDirector-General(Operational Affair)

15 Bureaus, Divisions and Units

Deputy DirectorDirector-General(Administrative Affairs)

18 Regional Centers

75 DPM Provincial Offices

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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

DDPM’s MISSION

Photo credit : www. Disaster.go.th
Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

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17Budget Size 2003 -2010Year2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010

THB
1, 066,412,900
1 312 578 500
1,312,578,500
1,685,362,700
2,437,850,700
1,948,805,800
2,184,972,800
2,315,783,900
2,541,163,000

USD : JPN
34: 2822
42: 3486
55: 4565
79: 6557
63: 5229
71: 5893
75: 6225
83: 6889

As of 24 Feb 2011 : 1 USD = 30.50 THB = 82.06 JPN

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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

Major mission on Disaster Risk reduction
Disaster

Response

Preparedness

Prevention
Mitigation

Rehabilitation
Reconstruction

Source : ADRC
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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

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DDPM in Response Principle

When a disaster occurs, emergency staffs of local
government acts first with support from local
volunteers such as Civil Defense Volunteers (CDVs)
etc. Response crews from neighboring local
governments district government,governments,government provincial
governments, Armed forces etc. are mobilized incase of a large scale disaster.

Disaster*Response

Preparedness

Rehabilitation
Reconstruction

Prevention
Mitigation

 Roles of DDPM in response(1) provides training for the first responders(2) co- worked with all provincial and local G.O.
followed by the disaster emergency plan(3) supports the search and rescue operation with
its own personnel(4) serves as the coordination center in a largemagnitude disaster. DDPM has 24/7 disasteremergency operation center in all provinces.
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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

DDPM in reconstruction & rehabilitation
 Disaster Emergency Relief Fund
In any case of disaster, the government pay someamount of money to the victims through the Disaster
Emergency Relief Fund. The fund is available atDDPM provincial office in every province.
provinceDisaster

Response

PreparednessPrevention
Mitigation*Rehabilitation
Reconstruction

 The Central Government Emergency FundTo rebuild public utilities and infrastructure, thegovernment can use the money from the CentralGovernment Emergency Fund.

 Local government Fund
Encouraged by DDPM, local governments nowadays
tend to established an emergency fund for assistancetheir residents in case of a disaster.

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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

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To Prevent & Mitigate Disaster
Disaster To prevent and Mitigate Disaster

Response

Preparedness-Established Master plan for-Flood Windstorm &Mudflow,-Tsunami,-Earthquake & Collapse building etc.

*Prevention
Mitigation

Rehabilitation
Reconstruction-Installation of Early warning instrument

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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

DDPM in Preparedness’ s activity
Equipment practiceCommunity Drill

Official training

Civil Defense Volunteer

Search & Rescue training
Drill in school

DisasterPreparedness

Prevention
Mitigation

Response*
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction

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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

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DDPM’s Preparedness

DDPM has supported the provinces to carry out
preparedness related activities as follow;• Formulating disaster prevention plan.
• Training the officials and Civil Defense Volunteer.
• Educating the public.
• Procuring equipments, vehicles and other amenities
for safety• Providing
P idi
temporary shelters.
h l• Conducting annual exercise & drills.
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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

Disaster Prevention Learning Centeris highly requested and urgently wanted .

Swimming pool for water rescue

Fire Fighting Learning Station

First Aid PracticeFireFire Fighter
Fighter inin school
school42

Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior21Challenges☻Urgently needs to reform D.M system & mechanism.

Sharing experience in D.M. through various cooperation activities.

☻ D.
D M
M. is mainly managed by MOI,
MOI need to improve both twosides ; officials and the communities.
Thailand has been networking with inter. Org. or other agencies. Cause
DRR should be everyone’s mission .

☻ More than 50,000 villages at risk in different kind ofdisaster. Therefore, it is a huge task to make the country
100% safe from disasters.
disasters

The transfer of lesson learned, best practice & assistance from outsides;Japan will be beneficial to Thailand; in order to develop the existing
D.M. to be more efficient and established safety culture to besustainable society.
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Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of InteriorInternational Disaster Reduction Cooperation☻member of ASEAN cooperation in D.M.
☻member of ADRC since 2004.
☻member of Typhoon Committee in 1968.
☻partners with a number of Inter.Org. indisaster reduction programs andactivities such as ADPC,GTZ, UNDPand JICA.
☻ Other cooperation: ARF, ASEAN
DIALOGUE PARTNERS etc.
DDPM’s staff would like to learn throughexperts to increase effectiveness ofdisaster prevention, response, and relief
and recovery.
44Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

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Research PlanTitle : Comparative study
onDissemination of Disaster
Prevention Activities forCommunities
My work : As a coordinator intask force of CBDRM; the 4years plan in project on
Capacity Development in D.M.
(JICA&DDPM)
Objective: for scale up disasterprevention activity in Thai
communities which introduce
new practices in different stylesof drill or exercise for specifictarget groups; for kids orpublic.

Concept /approach : by transfer & sharing
kknowledge,l d technicalhl kknow - howh in CSR’s’activities, Kaeru Caravan “Learning with fun”,community participation by Card Game ;“Crossroad” by the spirit of friendship,
sympathy and forgiveness in public awarenesson disaster prevention as “self-help society”
with sustainable and safety community.

Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

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Thank youfor your kind Attention

Source : Thailand Country report 2009 and revised in 2010www.disaster.go.th46

Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior

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