5/12/2011

COUNTRY PROFILE ON
DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN
BANGLADESH

MOHIUDDIN AHMED KHAN,VISITING RESEARCHER,ADRC
KOBE,JAPAN,1ST MARCH,2011

1My Research plan
• Study the community participation during
didisastert ini Japan
Jandd Bangladesh.
Bl d h• Learn basic ideas for preparing community
through learning, training & drill in Japan.
• Conduct case study on the behavior of thecommunity in response to disaster inJapan.
• Study the community participation andadaptation during disaster in Japan &Bangladesh.

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Distinction between Hazard
and Disaster•Basic difference between hazard anddisaster is,-Disaster is an event-Hazard is the source of disaster((potentiali l source off ddestruction)i )What is “disaster management”?
• We cannot avoid disaster• But we may make forecast to some extent• Information is essential to reduce damage• Management include– Pre-avoid serious damages
gathering,g, Early
y warning,g, Smooth• Data g
evacuation– Recover quickly• Information is most needed2

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Government Strategy in DM
1. The highest budgetary allocation in DM is inline with the global strategy of “invest today
for safer tomorrow”. But increasing trend ofdisaster frequency, severity, magnitude andextent due to external global factors demands
additional resources.
2. Immediate response to deliver basic needs ofthe affected population with GoB’s ownresources.
resources
3. Ensure implementation of medium and longterm intervention for sustainable risk reduction
and mitigation with assistance fromdevelopment partners.

Overall Objective
To strengthen the capacity of theBangladesh Disaster Management
System to reduce unacceptable risk
and improve response and recoverymanagement at all levels
levels.

3

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LOCATION OF BANGLADESH

Location of Bangladesh in South Asia84

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Country Profile: Bangladesh•Total population : 135 million•Total Geographic Area : 144,000 sqkm
•Floodplains:l d l
80% off totall areas•Located at fragile deltaic flood-plain•More than 300 rivers ( 57 Transboundary rivers)•High-riskgcountryy to recurrent natural
disasters

Bangladesh
haveinherited the typicalcharacteristics of oneof the most natural
disasterprone
countriest ioff theth world
ldduetogeography,
topography and geophysicallocation.
Floodandcyclone
related losses almost
every year create amajor set-back for thesustainable
development of thecountry.
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Disaster Calendar of
Bangladesh
Ja nFeb

M arApr

M ay

Ju n

Ju lAug

SepO ct

Nov

Dec

F lo o d in g
F la s h flo o d
D ro u g h t
E ro s io n
C y c lo n e s /to rn a d o e s
D ia rrh o e a
M o n g a /fa m in e
C o ld w e a th e r
E a rth q u a k e s

..

..

..

A rs e n ic c o n ta m in a tio n

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Cropping Calendar (rice and wheat)
JanFebMar

AprMayJunJulAug

SepOctNov

Dec

Aus
Aman
BoroWheat

Key factors of vulnerability• Geographical location• Dominance of flood plains• Low elevation from the sea• Global warming & climate change• High population density• High level of poverty

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Source : ISDR website

Tectonic Location of Bangladesh75/12/2011

NATIONAL DISASTER CONTEXT• Frequently hit by various natural disasters like Cyclones,
Storm surges, Floods, Tornadoes, Droughts and othercalamities.
• Monsoon flooding is an annual occurrence shaping lives
and livelihoods.
• Almost 200 disaster events have occurred causing morethan 500,000 deaths and leaving prolonged damage tolivelihoods, infrastructure and the economy.
• Climate change is likely to cause significant impact in theform of severe floods, cyclones,
ydroughts,gsea level riseand salinity affecting agriculture, livelihoods, natural orders,water supply, health etc.
• The disaster vulnerable people demonstrates strong
coping capacity to face the disaster challenges.

Disasters and Bangladesh
Major Disasters

Major Hazards
FloodTropical Cyclone
Storm Surge
Tornado
River BankErosion
Drought
Earthquake
Arsenic
Fire

Year

Disaster1970 Cyclone
1988 Flood
1988 Cyclone
1989 Drought
1991 Cyclone
1996 Tornado
1997 Cyclone
1998 Flood
2004 Flood2007 Flood2007 Cyclone(SIDR)
2009 Cyclone Aila

Death
300,000
2 373
2,373
5,704
800
138,868
545
550
1,050
747
1,071
3,406
1908

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Estimated Economic Losses Due toFloods & Cyclone
1987 floods
US$$ 1.0 billion
1988 floods
US$ 1.2 billion
1998 floods
US$ 2.8 billion
2004 floods
US$ 2.3 billion
2007 floods
US$ 1.1 billion
2007 Cyclone(SIDR) US$ 2.3 billion

17

Major Hazards of Bangladesh

FloodsCyclone, Tornado andStorm surge
Drought
River bank erosion

Water logging
Salinity
Monga

Arsenic9

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CycloneProportion
pof coastal
sub-district affected bysevere cyclones

Earthquake
Risk Zone105/12/2011

Drought

River Erosion

2211

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TsunamiVulnerability

23

Disaster Management in Bangladesh:
An Evolution
Disaster Management in Bangladesh had gone through a process ofsignificant reforms. Previously the focus was limited in relief activities.
Following the devastating cyclone of 1991, the focus has been shifted
towards adaptation of a holistic approach that embraces processes ofhazard identification and mitigation, community preparedness andintegrated response efforts.

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GOB Vision on Disaster
Management

To reduce the vulnerability of people, especiallythe poor, to the effects of natural,environmental and human induced hazards to a
manageable and acceptable humanitarian level

Mission:• to bring a paradigm shift in disastermanagement from conventional response
and relief to a more comprehensive risk
reduction culture

Overall Objective:• to strengthengthe capacitypy of theBangladesh Disaster Management
System26

13

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NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL DRIVERS

 Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) United Nations Framework Convention on

Climate Change (UNFCCC) SAARC Framework for Action (SFA) Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP),
Bangladesh Recommendations of the National Workshop onOptions for Flood Risks and Damage Reduction
in Bangladesh, 2004

Disaster Management Regulative
Framework

DisasterManagement Act

DM Policy

National Plan for DM

S tSectorall Policies
P li iS t
Sectorall Plans
Pl(DRR Incorporated)(DRR Incorporated)

Local Plans
Hazard Plans

SOD

Guideline
Templates

Programming for Implementation
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5/12/2011

 Disaster Management Legislation andNational Disaster Management Plan has forfi l approvall with
final
ith theth purpose off providing
idiforfthe formulation of disaster management policy
relating to preparedness and emergency
measures, and rehabilitation program to deal
with disaster.
As part of training and public awarenessnearly 70000 people related to disaster havebeen trained through 700
courses/workshops/seminars.

29

Poverty Disaster Interface
Adverse longlong-term impact on economic and social
activities
The poor are more vulnerable to any kind of disaster
Depletion of assets
Income erosion due to loss of employment
Increase indebtedness
Out migration

Cost to cope with disaster disproportionately higher
for the poor
30

15

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Strengthening DM and RiskReduction Capacity
Learning and Development Strategy – toenhance the technical and management
skills of the MoFDM staff and other govt.
officials of key ministries
Development of standardized tools,
procedures and guidelines–guidelines– CRA
Guidelines, RRAP Procedure
Nurturing partnership
31

Policy and Planning
SAARC Framework for CDM
National Plan of Action
Disaster Management Act
Standing Orders on Disaster
MoFDM Comprehensive and StrategicPlans

32

16

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Hyogo Framework
Adopting actionaction-plan 2005
2005--2015,Building the Resilience ofnations and Communications to Disasters at the World
Conference on Disaster Reduction in Kobe, Japan inJanuary 2005, the 168 Governments
present recognizedGtheir critical role in working with other actors to reduce
disaster risk at national and local levels.
The first of the Hyogo Framework’s five Priorities of Action
is to “ensure that disaster risk reduction (DRR) becomes anational and local priority with a strong institutional basis
for implementation”. It details a set of related key activities
including the:33

Establishment of institutional mechanisms for
Disaster Risk Reduction (National Platforms) withdesignated responsibilities;
responsibilities;
Integration of risk reduction in various sectoral
policies and planning;planning;Adoption of risk related legislation
legislation;;
Decentralization of disasterdisaster-related responsibilities
and resources;
resources;
Implementation of measures to foster politicalcommitment and community participation.
participation.

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National Committees under SOD•

National Disaster Management Council (NDMC)•Inter-Ministerial Disaster Management Co-ordination
Committee (IMDMCC)•N ti
Nationall DisasterDitManagement
Mt Advisory
Ad iCommittee
Citt(NDMAC)•Cyclone Preparedness Program Implementation Board(CPPIB)•Disaster Management Training and Public Awareness
Building Task Force (DMTATF)•Focal Point Operation Coordination Group of DisasterManagement (FPOCG)•NGO Coordination Committee on Disaster Management(NGOCC)•Committee for Speedy Dissemination of Disaster Related
Warning/ Signals (CSDDWS)18

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Field Level Committees under SOD
District Disaster Management Committee (DDMC) headedby the Deputy Commissioner (DC) to co-ordinate and review
the disaster management activities at the district levelp
Disaster Management
gCommittee (UZDMC)() headedUpazilaby the Upazila Nirbahi Officer (UNO) to co-ordinate and review
the disaster management activities at the Upazila level
Union Disaster Management Committee (UDMC) headed by
the Chairman of the Union Parishad to co-ordinate, review andimplement the disaster management activities of the concerned
union
Pourashava Disaster Management Committee (PDMC)
headed by Chairman of Pourashava (municipality) to cocoordinate, review and implement the disaster management
activities within its area of jurisdiction
City Corporation Disaster Management Committee(CCDMC) headed by the Mayor of City Corporations to coordinate, review and implement the disaster management
activities within its area of jurisdiction.

••••

Insstitutional Arrangement

National DisasterManagement Council

Inter Ministerial Disaster
Management Coordination
Committee (IMDMCC)
Ministry of Food and Disaster
Management

Directorate of Relief
and Rehabilitation

Disaster Management
BureauDistrict Disaster
Management Committee

Directorate of Food

National Disa
aster Management
Advisory C
Council (NDMAC)•City Corporation
Disaster Management
gCommittee

Upazila Disaster Management
Committee
Municipal Disaster
Management
Committee

Union Disaster Management
Committee
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5/12/2011

Information Flow during Emergency Response

Union Disaster
Management Committee

Upazila Disaster Management
Committee

District Disaster
Management Committee

CPP
Volunteers

EOC ofCPP H/Q

MoFDM

PM officemonitoringcell39

Infrastructure for DRR
Over 2,500 Cyclone Shelters along thecoastal belt of Bangladesh.
Killas (Elevated Land) for Shelter ofLivestock.
Flood Protection Embankment along coastline.
line
1400 Flood Shelters in Flood-Prone Areas.

20

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Information Management forCoordination
Disaster Management Information Centre (DMIC)
established to support information management
and coordination.
The key objectives of DMIC:
To enhance disaster management coordination throughimproved facilities and information sharing capacities ofDMIC during normal and emergency periods
Improved capacity of information sharing during normal(non-emergency) periods(nonEOC more effectively and efficiently coordinated during
disasters
41

MoFDM

WWW

LinkExists

DoF
DoF

1024/512 Kbps

Submarine CableeRadio Modem

VSATOptical ModemDMB LANDMIC LAN

10/100MB Switch

Modem Bank

RouterWeb & media server

DRR LAN64-DRROs
Access Point
E-mail & SMS Server

Disaster Management Information Center
802.11b/g Client

Database Server

42
PPPDU LAN21

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Resource Mobilization System

MoFDM

AFD

DRR

DDMC

U DMC&UDMC
UzDMC&UDMC

43

FIELD

22

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Disaster Mitigation
GoB gives equal importance toboth structural as well as nonstructural mitigation measures.

45

Structural Mitigation
As part of structural mitigation measures, GoB has,
cycloneyshelters and 200
so far constructed 2,023
flood shelters.
About 4,000 km. long coastal embankment toprotect coastal land from inundation by tidal
waves and storm-surges, and drainage
channels of total length 4,774 km. have so farbeen constructed.

46

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Non--Structural Mitigation
Non
For non-structural mitigation GoB has givenemphasis on- Legislation & Policy- Training and Public AwarenessDisaster Management Legislation and National
Disaster Management Plan has for final approvalwith the purpose of providing for the formulationof disaster management policy relating topreparedness and emergency measures, andrehabilitation program to deal with disaster.

47

Non--Structural Mitigation… continued.
Non As part of training and public awarenessnearly 70000 people related to disaster havebeen trained through 700
courses/workshops/seminars.
 As part of public awareness activities, booklets
containing information about cyclone, floodetc. and calendar, posters depicting disasterpoints have been regularly printed anddistributed up to the grassgrass-root levels.

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Non--Structural Mitigation… continued.
NonTo raise awareness among the students on
various hazards/disaster management, achapter on disaster management has been
included in the educational curricula fromclasses V to XII.
 GoB has included compulsory session of atleast 02 hours on disaster management in thetraining curricula of all types of Training
Institutes to train officials and non officials.
49

Ensuring knowledge management on
disaster risk reduction
Establishing National Disaster Management
Information Centre (DMIC) – a central data andinformation hub to work round the clockProgressive expansion of DMIC to all 64 districts
Progressive expansion of DMIC to all high risk
Upazilas(sub--districts)
Upazilas(subEstablishment of Disaster Management
Information Network (DMIN) down to thecommunity/household level – data received,processing, sharing and receiving and evaluating
the feedback
50

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GOB has included compulsory
pysession of at least 02 hours on
disaster management in the
training curricula of all types ofTraining Institutes to train
officials and non officials.

51

Disaster Management Institutions
in Bangladesh Ministry of Food and Disaster Management (MOFDM).
(MOFDM) Disaster Management Bureau (DMB).
 Directorate of Relief and Rehabilitation (DRR).
 Directorate of Food.
 Cyclone Preparedness Programme (CPP).
 Disaster Management Committee at all Administrative

Unit level.
 Local Level Action Plan.

52

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Disaster Management Institutions
in Bangladesh
National Disaster
Management Council
Inter Ministerial
Disaster Management
Coordination
Committee (IMDMCC)

National Disaster
Management Advisory
Council (NDMAC)

Ministry of Food and Disaster Management

Directorate of Food

Directorate of Reliefand Rehabilitation

Disaster ManagementBureau

Cyclone Preparedness
ProgrammeImplementation Board

District Disaster
Management CommitteeMunicipal Disaster
Management Committee

City Corporation
Disaster ManagementCommittee

Zone / Upazila
UnionUpazila Disaster Management Committee

Union Disaster Management Committee

Village53

Cyclone Preparedness Program (CPP)(CPP Community Based Early warning throughdevoted volunteers.
 A Joint Venture Program of GoB & BDRCS.
 To minimize loss of lives and properties in cyclonicdisaster by strengthening the capacity in disastermanagement of the coastal people of Bangladesh.
Bangladesh.
 Covers 11 districts and 32 Upazilas (Sub-District).
 Total Volunteers: 42675

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Comprehensive Disaster Management Program(CDMP)

CDMP is a strategic institutional andprogramming
i approachh thatth t isi designed
d id tot
optimize the reduction of long-term risk
and to strengthen the operational
capacities for responding to emergencies
and disaster situations including actions toimprove recovery from these events.

CDMP…..
Strategic Focus Areas:• Professionalizing the Disaster Management System:
Establishment of Policy Program Partnership Development
Unit,
Professionalizing
development
ofDisaster
Management System, etc.
• Partnership Development:
Building of DMCs.

AdvocacyandCapacity• Community Empowerment: Program Gap Analysis, Risk
Reduction Planning, Livelihood Security and hazard
Awareness, etc.
• Expanding Preparedness Program across a broader
range of hazards: Earthquake and Tsunami Preparedness ,Climate Change and Research.
• Strengthening Emergency Response Capabilities: DMICand Response Management.

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Limitations• Insufficient Cyclone & Flood Shelter and Killa(elevated land for livestock).
• Insufficient
ff
coastall Embankment
b k& Afforestation.
ff• Insufficient Equipments for Search & Rescue after
earthquake .
• Needs countrywide Volunteers specially forearthquake.
• Needs huge investment for combating River Erosion.

PUBLICATIONS

5829

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PUBLICATIONSSAARC SUVINOURTRAINING MANNUAL

59

PUBLICATIONS

60

TRAINING MANNUAL ( 2ND and 3rd Part)30

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PUBLICATIONSTRAINING HANDBOOK AND TRAINERS GUIDE
61

PUBLICATIONS

62

31

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FLOOD

63

CYCLONE6432

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TORNADO

65

BUILDING COLLAPSE

66

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RIVER EROSION

67

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Community resilience

6970355/12/2011

Conclusion• Disaster Management in Bangladesh had gonethrough a process of significant reforms.
• Following the devastating cyclone of 1991, the focus
hhasbbeenshiftedhift d towardstd adaptationd t tioff a holistic
h li tiapproach that embraces processes of hazard
identification
andmitigation,community
preparedness and integrated response efforts.
• The development of mechanisms with regional andglobal partners for education, training andkknowledgel dsharing
h i
on riski k reduction
d ti
applicationsli tiiisurgently needed.
• Special Fund for disaster-prone nations seeking
technical and financial support to initiate risk
reduction programs is also needed.

Natural Disasters will hit us by theTime people have forgotten about---Dr.TERADA

Thank You for your Kind Attention

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