Disclaimer
This report was compiled by an ADRC visiting researcher (VR) from ADRC
member countries.
The views expressed in the report do not necessarily reflect the views ofthe ADRC. The boundaries and names shown and the designations usedon the maps in the report also do not imply official endorsement or
acceptance by the ADRC.

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Final Research
Resea ch Presentation
P esentation
ByMohammadMhdM
Maniruli l IIslamlSenior Assistant Secretary

Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief
GGovernmentt off ththe People’s
Pl ’ R
Republic
bli off Bangladesh
Bl d h&ADRC VR FY 2013B

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Disasters in Bangladesh
FloodTropical Cyclone
Storm Surge
Tornado
River Bank Erosion
Drought
Earthquake
Arsenic
FireLandslide

Year
1970
1988
1988
1991
1996
1997
1998
2004
2007
2007
2007
2009
2012
2012

Disaster
CycloneFlood
CycloneCycloneTornadoC lCyclone
Flood
Flood
Flood
Landslide
Cyclone(SIDR)y()
Cyclone (‘alia)
Landslide
Cyclone (Mahasen)

Death
300,000
2,373
5 704
5,704
138,868
545
550
918
747
1,071
129
3,406
190
119
14

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Whyh Bangladeshl d h isi Vulnerablel
bl to Earthquake
hk ?
Bangladesh stands on the junction of three tectonic plates - the Indianplate,l t ththe E
Eurasian
i platel t andd ththe B
Burmese micro-plate.
il tMinistry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Whyh Bangladeshl d h isi Vulnerablel
bl to Earthquakehk ?
Epicentres of Historical Earthquake in Bangladesh (1664-2007)

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Whyh Bangladeshl d h isi Vulnerablel
bl to Earthquakehk ?
Major earthquakes in Bangladesh during the, last 150 years.
DateName

Epicenter

Magnitude

October 11th, 1737 Kolkata

22.60N, 88.40E,

7 .0

January 1010, 1869

KacharJainati Hills

75
7.5

July 14, 1885

Bogra Fault

7.0

June 12, 1897

The BengalqEarthquake
The Great Indian

8.7

J l 8
July8, 1918

Earthquake
M
Mymensingh
i hShillong Plateau
26.00N, 91.00E
24 50 N,
24.50
N 91.00
91 00 E

74
7.4

July 3, 1934

Dhubri24.50 N, 91.00 E

7.1

January15 1934
January15,

Bihar-Nepal

Darbhanga83
8.3

August 15, 1950

Assam

Arunachal Pradesh

8.5

26.80 N , 94.00 E

723rd October, 1943 Dergaon Assam

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Whyh Bangladeshl d h isi Vulnerablel
bl to Earthquakehk ?
Recent Earthquakes in Bangladesh
DateNameEpicenter

Magnitude

May 8, 1997

Indo-Bangla border24.89N 92.25E

6November 21,
1997
Julyy 22,, 1999

Chittagong Indo-Bangladesh Border22.21N 92.83E

6

Moheshkhali Island

21.47N 91.90E

5.2

December 31,
1999
JJanuary4,4 2000Indo-Bangladesh Border Region

Near Sonadia

4.3

B
Bungtlangtl(T(Tripura),i) IIndia
di22 13N 92.77E
22.13N,
92 77E46
4.6

December 19,
2001
June 20, 2002

Kaliakoir, Dhaka

23.70 N 90.40 E

4.2

Rajshahi

25.80N 88.86E

4.6

March 25, 2003

Bhutan27.260N 89.240E

5.1

July 27, 2003

Barkal-Rangamati

22.85 N 92.31E

5.6

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Earthquake Seismic Hazard Assessment Map of the major Cities

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Possible
ibl Evacuationi Route & Trappedd Populationl i

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Fire Station Catchment Areas & Highway Damages

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Possible Damage Areas & SAR Capacities in Dhaka CityMinistry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013BRiski k Assessment
 The earthquake in the worst case scenario will generate
72, 17, and 5 millions of ton of debris in Dhaka,
Chittagong, and Sylhet city respectively.
 It will also trigger 107 ignitions of fire following
earthquake in Dhaka, 36 ignitions in Chittagong, and 13i Sylhet.
inS lh t
 It estimates the number of killed victims is 260,788,
95 183 and 20,708
95,18320 708 for Dhaka,
Dhaka Chittagong
Chittagong, and Sylhet
respectively if the earthquake occurs during night time
(2:00AM).
 If the earthquake occurs during day time (2:00PM), thenumber of victims is 183,450, 73,213 and 14,276 forDhaka Chittagong
Dhaka,Chittagong, and Sylhet respectively.
respectively

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Research Topicp
An Integrated Framework for the Earthquake
Preparedness: An Assessment of theA li bili off JJapanese EExperience
Applicability
iini
Bangladesh.

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013BBackground of Research• Bangladesh,B l d h ad
densely
l populatedl t d countryt iin theth WWorld.
ld• Tectonically, Bangladesh stands on the junction of threet t i plates
tectonicl t - theth IIndian
di plate,l t ththe EEurasiani platel t andd
the Burmese micro-plate.
• TheTh northh andd north-eastern
hparts off B
Bangladeshl d h are thehmost active seismic zones.
• Two major earthquake caused severe damage.
• About 20 moderate earthquakes occurred in Bangladesh,and surrounding areas in the years 1833 to 1988.
• Recently every years Bangladesh has experienced 5.0 to
5.5 magnitude earthquakes.

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Justification of Research• In Bangladesh, Earthquake are still unreachable atpoint of p
preparedness,
pemergency
g y response
pthe pand risk reduction.
• Nation shall have time bound implementable
National Earthquake Risk Reduction Plan.
• The occurrence of earthquakes in Bangladesh andneighbouring regions are poorly documented.
Few records of them are available in publishedand unpublished literatures.

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Specific Aims of this Research• To understand tools and processes on earthquake
preparedness at a national and local level in Japan.
• To review response models and ways of working withp
other keyy responders.
• To asses applicability of Japanese experience onearthquake response and recovery in Bangladesh
Bangladesh.
• Replicating Japanese vast experience on earthquake
risk reduction in Bangladesh.
Bangladesh• To prepare recommendations for improvement of theNational Earthquake Risk Reduction Plan inBangladesh.

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Research Activities







Literature Review.
Critical review of the current earthquake preparedness in Bangladesh
Understanding the earthquake preparedness in Japan.
Japan
Study of the case studies of great earthquakes in Japan to understand how well the Early
Warning System and coordination worked.
Understandingddi CBDRR programs conducted
dd iin Japan withi h special
i l ffocus on Earthquake
hk anddcompares the participation of the community in the DRR process.
Learn how the community is prepared in Japan: learning, training, and drills.
Field Visits to emergency operation centres/emergency services response centres ofNational, Prefectural and Local Governments to understand the networking andcoordination for emergency response.
Visits to DRR agencies such as Cabinet Office, JMA, and Disaster Management Authority
etc. in Japan to understand their legal system & frameworks, organizational network andearthquake preparedness plan.

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Earthquake Prevention Comparative Study
Parameters of Comparison
Legal Frameworks
Institutional Frameworks
Earthquake Observations
Early Warning
Information & Communications
Emergency Response
Building & Infrastructures
R
Recovery& Rehabilitation
R h bilit ti
Education & ResearchCommunity Awareness and Preparedness
Geo-databases & Maps
BudgetMohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of BangladeshEarthquake Prevention Comparative Study
Parameters ofComparison

Japan

Legal Frameworks Act & Laws related to:Disaster Countermeasures BasicAct
Disaster Prevention andPreparedness
Disaster Emergency Response
Disaster Recovery andReconstruction
Disaster Management Planning:
Basic Disaster Management Plan
Disaster Management Operation
Local Disaster Management Plan

Bangladesh--

Disaster Management Act
National Plan for Disaster
Management
Standing Order on Disasters(SOD)

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Earthquake Prevention Comparative Study
InstitutionalFrameworks

Central Disaster Management Councilcomprises with:
23 Govt. ministries and agencies
63 designated public cooperation
including independent administrative
agencies, Bank of Japan, Japanese Red
Cross Society
Society, NHK
NHK, electricity and gas
companies and NTT.
Prefectural Disaster Management Council:
Designed government organization andpublic corporations in Prefecture level.
Municipal Disaster Management Council:
Designed government organization andpublic corporations in the local City,town and village level.

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

National DisasterManagement Council(NDMC):Headed by Prime Ministerwith 15 ministries and armedforces.
Inter-MinisterialInter
Ministerial Disaster
Management Co-ordination
Committee (IMDMCC): 31
ministries and Govt.
Govt agencies.
agencies
District Disaster Management
Committee: With district level
all govt. and local govt.
organizations.

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Earthquake Prevention Comparative Study
Earthquake
Observations

To monitor earthquakes, JMA operates an earthquake
observation network with 200 seismographs and 600
seismic intensity meters. It also collects data from over
3,600 seismic intensity meters managed by local
governments and the National Research Institute for Earth
Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED).
Estimation of Earthquake P-Wave and S-Wave.

gServices Act: Japanp
Earlyy Warningg Accordingg to the Meteorological
Meteorological Agency (JMA) issues EEW information tomitigate the damage by stopping trains and elevators,
extinguishing flames or crawling under tables and get
opportunity to take immediate safety measures by people.
 Introduction of J-Alert System.
 Earthquake of intensity 5 or greater is disseminated by
Forecast and EW by JMA.

No system forearthquake
observation

No systemyfor
Early warning

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Earthquake Prevention Comparative Study
Information &Communications






When an earthquake occurs: JMA immediately
issues information on its hypocenter,magnitude and observed seismic intensity.
J A maintains
JMA
i i direct
dicommunicationi i links
li k withih
meteorological offices and central/local
governments.
JMA disseminates
dii t weather
th information
i f
ti anddwarnings via various channels to government
disaster prevention agencies, local
go ernments the mass media and the public.
governments,
p blicJ-Alert System - J-Alert is the system to
immediately transmit emergency informationsuch as Emergency Earthquake information.
information
Introduction of Information Network for
Disaster Prevention (INDiP).

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

After shock,Bangladesh
MeteorologicalDepartment
disseminate themagnitude.

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Earthquake Prevention Comparative Study
Emergency
ResponseAn emergency team composed toAccording to Standing Orders
grasp and analyze the disasteron Disaster, Department ofsituation, and report the results toDisaster Management isthe Prime Minister
Minister.
responsible to emergency
Inter-ministerial meetings are held to response by Civil Defence
decide basic response policies.
and Fire Service and Urban
A government investigation team
Volunteers
Volunteers.
may be dispatched.
Wide-area support mechanisms are Capacity Building Programme
mobilized
for Search & Rescue
Rescue.
The Self-Defence Forces and The
disaster medical assistance teams(DMATS) are dispatched
SAR Operations.
Japan Disaster Relief (JDR) Searchand Rescue Team.

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Earthquake Prevention Comparative Study
Building &Act & Laws related to:
NationalInfrastructures - Building Standard Law
Building
Housing Quality Assurance ActAct.
Code.
Act for Execution of Defect Warranty Liability
under Housing Quality Assurance Act.
A t on Promotion
ActPti off theth EEarthquake-proof
thkf
Retrofit of Buildings.
Assistance Scheme for Building Quake
Proofing.
Emergency Response and Communicationybyy Life line infrastructures like Osaka Gas
SystemEngineering Co. Ltd.

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Earthquake Prevention Comparative Study
Recovery &Rehabilitation

Disaster Recovery Project
Disaster Relief Loans
Disaster Compensation andInsurance
Tax Reduction or Exemption for
affected persons.
persons
Tax Allocation to Local Governments
and Local Bonds.
Financial Support for the Livelihood
Recovery of Disaster Victims.

Providing of Disaster relief
for affected person:
Financial grants.
grantsCI Sheet
Vulnerable Group
Feeding ProgrammeBlanket

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Earthquake Prevention Comparative Study
Education &Research

Basic Education on Disaster:Guide book and Sub Text bookVideo for disaster risk education
Instruction based on manuals
Lesson and experiment by experts of disaster prevention
Earthquake experience by utilizing special
cars
Drill for disaster prevention
S d ’ activities
Student’si i i on Skill improvement,
isurvival at camping, Volunteerism etc.
First aid in time of disaster
Vi it toVisitt disasterdi t prevention
ti centret andd firefistation
Highly Prioritise Scientific and TechnologicalResearch in Disaster Reduction
Reduction.
High quality educational and training institutions.

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Earthquake education
has incorporated into
the curriculum forschool children.
Supplementary books
for primary andsecondary educationlevel.
Research on
E hEarthquake
k hash beenb
prioritising for grants
in the higher
educationd ti institutes.
i tit tMohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Earthquake Prevention Comparative StudyCommunity
Awareness andPreparedness

Utilization Hazard Maps to Promote The
Earthquake-Proofing Of Buildings.
Integrated Disaster Management
Information System.
Earthquake-Proofing of disastermanagement bases (schools and otherinstitutions) and key infrastructure.
Issuing of Evacuation Order andInstruction.
Disaster Reduction Drills and Exercises.
Countermeasures against Large-scale
Earthquakes.
Improvement of evacuation areas
Business continuity plans for companies.






Try to develop
community participation
and awareness to reducethe vulnerability.
About 18000 urban
volunteers.
Earthquake Drills andActivities: earthquake
drills at 70,000 primaryand secondary schools
twice a year.
Community awarenessthrough media campaign,workshop and seminar.

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Earthquake Prevention Comparative Study
Geo-databases & Maps






BudgetGeo-database on Earthquakes
parameters.
Seismic Intensity Mapping.
Vulnerability Mapping.
Risk Mapping.
g
related toModels and Integrations
earthquakes.
Hazard Mapping.
g
Remote sensingg usingg satellite image.
Early damage assessment function
using artificial satellites.

The National Budget for disastermanagement is approximately 1.2 trillion
yen (Initial Budget 2010FY).

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Earthquake Vulnerability,
Mapping, Risk Mapping andSeismic Hazard Mapping
under Comprehensive Disaster
Management Programme((CDMP).
)

National Budget for Disastermanagement is about 625
million USD.

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Key Observations and Findings
Key Factors
Preparedness andresponse

Observations
Findings
The nation of Japan organizes Robust catastrophic
a massive, speedy response.
planning, preparedness, andTh JJapanese people
Thelmitigationi i i makek a societyidemonstrated a “culture ofmore resilient to disaster.
preparedness.
Communicating the Japan relied heavily on formal Communications thatrisk
early warning systems,
effectively identify risks toevacuation plans, and alerts to the public by promoting
limit loss of life.
measures and behaviours
that avoid, minimize,
prepare for
for, or respond tothreats.
Sustainable
Japan ensures enforcement of Developed methods andStructure
legal framework to develop
capabilities to ensuresustainable structure.
sustainable structure.

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Recommendations
 Incorporation of earthquake countermeasures acts in the Legal frameworks toenforce structural sustainability.
 Establish Emergency Disaster Management Force under Ministry of Disaster
Management and Relief for professionalizing the search and rescue
operation.
 To ensure integrated disaster management system in the city planning.
 ToT develop
dl contingency
iplanl ffor earthquake
hk preventioni bby W
Wardd llevel.
l To raise massive public awareness through mass media and communitycampaign.
 Monitor
M it andd ensure enforcement
ft off building
b ildi coded andd soilil ttestingti Enhancement of response capacities of the responsible departments
 Arrange training on first aid, search and rescue for community people.
 To strengthen more effective public–private
public private partnerships to build the business
continuity plan for earthquake prevention.
 To develop sufficient open spaces in the cluster level for emergency
evacuation.
evacuation

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Rana PlazaRPlExperience

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Ministry Of Disaster Management & Relief
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Th k YouThank