Disclaimer
This report was compiled by an ADRC visiting researcher (VR) from ADRC
member countries.
The views expressed in the report do not necessarily reflect the views ofthe ADRC. The boundaries and names shown and the designations usedon the maps in the report also do not imply official endorsement or
acceptance by the ADRC.

Presented by : TAHIR MEHMOOD (Assistant Meteorologist )Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD),(PMD) Pakistan
Visiting Researcher (August(August-November), ADRC Kobe, Japan

Pakistan’s Location and Its Main Cities including Gwadar

 Gwadar is located at coast of Pakistan in Balochistan province It is situated near to Persian Gulf , Eastern European and Western Asian countries
 It is expected that Gwadar will become economic hub,
hub modern port and moderncity in near future.
Opportunity to develop Gwadar a safe cityDisasters Management in Pakistan

Structure of Disaster Management
gof Pakistan

Role of Pakistan MeteorologicalgDepartmentp(PMD)() in
Disaster Risk Reduction¾ PMD established Specialized Early Warning Centers National Weather Forecasting Center Islamabad (NWFC)
 Marine Meteorology
gy & TropicalpCycloneyEarlyy Warningg Center Karachi(TCWC)
 National Drought Monitoring Center Islamabad (NDMC) National
N til SSeismic
i i MMonitoringit i andd TTsunamii EEarlyl W
Warningi CCentert K
Karachihi(NTWC)
 Flood Forecastingg Division Lahore (FFD)()
 Flood Forecasting and Warning System for Lai Nullah Basin Islamabad¾ PMD providing guidelines for hazards, risks and vulnerability assessment ,seismici i hhazardd analysis
l i off various
icities,
iti ttsunamii modelingd li , createdt d flflooddhazard maps.
¾ PMD launched District-wise Phone Based Weather Information Service inAugust, 2015.

Disasters Management in Japan

Disaster ManagementgSystem
yof JapanpRole of Asian Disaster Reduction Center ((ADRC)) in
Disaster Risk Reduction
ADRC established in Kobe Hyogoy g Prefecture in 1998
¾ Main Functions
 Enhance disaster resilience of the member countries
 Build
B ild safe
f communities
iti Create a society where sustainable development is possible
 Addresses DRM, DRR issues with international cooperation¾ Main Activities Information sharing Human resource development
 Building community capabilities¾ Visiting Researcher Progrramme Through VR program ADRC polish skills of researchers from member
countries in the field of disaster management and provide opportunities formember countries to learn more about DRR and DRM and to incorporate
DRR concepts into the policies of their countries.

Seismotectonic Framework of the Pakistan Region

 Chaman Fault ( 1 km wide) is considered responsible for famous Quetta

Earthquake 1935 (Mw=7.7).
 Sulaiman
S l i
L b or SSulaiman
Lobel iA
Arc iis b
broadd ((> 300 kkm)) bbelt
lt andd it iis ttectonicallyt i llactive.

Seismotectonic Frameworkk off theh PakistankRegion

 Makran Subduction Zone lies between Eurasian and Arabian plates witha triple plate junction. It is capable of generating tsunami.
 Murray Ridge is low to moderate seismic zone lies in the Northwestern
Arabian Sea and is nearly 420 km long and 20-50 km wide.

Destructive Earthquakes Affected Pakistan During Past Decade
Earthquake

Magnitude

Intensity

Dead

26th October 2015 Earthquake

8 .1(1( As per PMD)

VI

279

Awaran Earthquake 2013

7.7

VII38618th January 2011 Earthquake

7.2

IV-Balochistan Earthquake 2008

6.4VIII

215

Kashmir Earthquake 2005

7.6

VIII

87,35026thh October 2015 Earthquake

Death: 279 Injured: 1
1,820820 Houses damaged: 1
1,04,067
04 067 ( completely,completely partially)(As per updated by NDMA on 14th November, 2015)

General Seismicit
Seismicity of the Region
Seismicity and Tsunami Monitoring in Pakistan

S i i it andSeismicity
d seismici i monitoringit i stations
t ti
iin P
Pakistanki t(PCSN and Guralp Networks)

National Seismic and Tsunami Monitoring Center
The Center equipped with:
1. The Guralp Network
2. Pak China Seismograph Network (PCSN)
3. SeisComP
4. Tsunami Early Warning System QuickQ i k dissemination
dii ti off earthquake
thk andd ttsunamii iinformationfti
 Research activities Mutual collaboration with research organizations

Destructive Earthquakes in Japan During Past Decade
Earthquake

Magnitude

Intensity on Japan
Shindo Intensity scale

DeadGreat East Japan
Earthquake 2011

9.0

1018,000

Iwate-Miyagi Inland
Earthquake2008
E thk 2008

6.9

612Niigata
Earthquake2007
q

6.6

611

Niigata-ken-Chuetsu
Earthquake 2004

6.8740*Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake 1995. Magnitude: 6.9, Intensity:7, Dead: 6,400
Houses Damaged: 249,000 (completely, partially)

Earthquake Distribution around Japan 20% of world ‘s earthquake of magnitude 6 or greater occurred in or around Japan.
 Reason for earthquakes in Japan is that 4 tectonic plates ( North American Plate,Philippine Sea Plate, Eurasian Plate and Pacific Plate) crushed each other.

Earthquake, Tsunami Observation Network of Japan

Seismograph Network (about 300 stations)

Seismic Intensity Meters Network (about 4000 cities)

Flow of issuance of Information aboutTsunami & Earthquake in Japan If seismic intensity of earthquake is 3 or greater, JMA issues a Seismic Intensity
Information Report within 1.5 minutes and then follow up information about
hypocenter & magnitude of earthquake.
 If tsunami is expected , JMA issues Warning/Advisory within 3 minutes and thenfollow up announcements about the estimated height and arrival time of tsunami.

Theme of the Gwadar City Development & Detailed Master plan Vast area of the Balochistan province and available natural resources stipulated thedevelopment
pof Gwadar area.
 Gwadar is selected for development to work as a strategic future economic hub in theregion. Located at coastline of Pakistan a new deep sea port has been developed.

Tsunami Inundation Modeling for Gwadar

Tsunami inundation modeling for Gwadar for Mw 8.5

Current landuse situation in Gwadar

Lessons from History for Future Development

From past decade earthquake events following aspects areidentified for future disaster mitigation and better disastermanagement in planned Gwadar city.
¾ LackL k off kknowledge
l d aboutb thhazard,
d vulnerability
lbilit andd risksik¾ Non existence of landuse and land control regime¾ Lack of enforcement of building control

Problems for Future Sustainable Development¾ Core Issue-I
 Inadequate user orientation of EWS
 Local knowledge about tsunami was non-existent
non existent No large scale disaster awareness campaigns for the communities¾ Core Issue-II
 Inadequate landuse planning Poor enforcement mechanism for landuse and building construction

C¾ CoreIssue-III
 In lifeline infrastructure no hazard resistant methodologies are part of theggoverning
g laws No emphasis on designation, knowledge of evacuation routes and centers

Possible Solutions and Remedies¾ Lifelinef lFacilities
l& Evacuation Centers
 At least some designated roads or highways, pipelines for water &ppower
supplypp y system
ymust be build keeping
p g in view futuredisasters.
 Road possibly used for evacuation
will
ill beb inundated
id d byb tsunamii soa vertical evacuation scheme must
be implemented in the hammer
head side of the city which alreadyhas higher elevation.

Possible Solutions and Remedies¾ Mass Awareness using Media and School Education
 Promotion of disaster education in school system
 All media channels broadcasts information on DRR and DRM

for one hour daily Special training for enforcement and regulation officers
 Regular drills for any sort of emergency¾ Landuse Scheme Improvement
and enforcement of landuse and land control
pplan
 Reallocated safer location for old town Strict ban on any kind of development and constructionJapan as World Leader in Disaster Management¾ Continuous efforts in reducing the post disaster effects throughout globe

and particularly in Asia.
¾ Comprehensive research on causes of natural hazards and countermeasuresagainst these hazards.
¾ Application of latest technology in DM¾ DM knowledge sharing¾ Comparative study of Japan with other countries¾ Culture of preparedness against disasters through regular community based
disaster risk management and drills.

Japan as World
ld Leaderd in Disaster Management

Pictorial view of Drill in Miki City, Hyogo Prefecture September 2015

Japan as World Leader in Disaster Management

Community Based Disaster Management Activities in Kyoto University & Kobe Shoin
Women’s College, Hyogo Prefecture November 2015

Lesson Learned from Japan¾ Appropriate policy, legal & institutional arrangements for DM in Japan¾ Implementation of strategies¾ Empowerment of DM institutions¾ Over all environment for research in DRR and DRM¾ Opportunity to learn and share experience of Japan in DM in VR member

countriesi¾ Japan built flawless earthquake-proof structures, highly efficienttsunami EWS and scientifically developed tsunami evacuation plan
¾ Well trained and fully equipped permanent staff for handling disasters¾ Expert group of evacuators and relief managers¾ Strong coordination among DM stakeholders¾ Huge allocation of budget on DM activitiesConclusions
l& Recommendationsd¾ Excellent environment in Japan to learn disaster management practices. The

picture of structural measures against the natural hazards especially againstearthquake
eaqua e aandd tsunami
su a iss tremendouse e dous eeffort
o dodonee by Japan.
apa¾ Pakistan adopting proactive approach to DRM after 2005 earthquake.
¾ PMD plays role in pre & post disaster management by using Specialized Early
Warning Centers, providing guidelines for hazards, risks and vulnerability
assessment , seismic hazard analysis of various cities, tsunami modeling ,created flood hazard maps.
¾ Mandatory for urban planning to take into account hazards in the master planof the cities.

Conclusions & Recommendations¾ GwadarG d isi in
i development
d lt phase,
hk i inkeeping
i view
ith future
thef tdi tdisasters
i theintharea disaster mitigation and management plans can be incorporated easily incurrent situation ( as population is low) by using proper planning, enforcementof building control , launching awareness campaigns against disasters
particularly against earthquakes and tsunamis , creating lifeline facilities &evacuation centers.
¾ Policies
P li i andd scenarios
i att allll levelsl l mustt beb developed
d ld forf allll typest
off disasters
di tin Pakistan¾ Both pre & post disaster policies must be implemented as a starting point forfi bl andd safe
f citiesi i ini Pakistan
P ki
futuresustainable¾ Pakistan can enhance its capacities by sharing rich experience of Japanknowledge and technology for risk assessment and early warning systems