Disclaimer
This report was compiled by an ADRC visiting researcher (VR) from ADRC
member countries.
The views expressed in the report do not necessarily reflect the views ofthe ADRC. The boundaries and names shown and the designations usedon the maps in the report also do not imply official endorsement or
acceptance by the ADRC.

Ms. Thandar Aung
Upper Divisional Clerk
Relief and Resettlement Department
Ministry of Social Welfare
Welfare, Relief and Resettlement
Republic of the Union of Myanmar
1

General Information of Myanmar

2Myanmar Overview
Areas676,578 sq kms

Latitude9` 32’ and 28` 31’ NorthLongitude92`10’ and 101`11’EastClimate

Summer(Mid-February to Mid-May)
Rainy(Mid-May to Mid-October)
Winter(Mid-October
Winter(MidOctober to Mid-February)
Mid February)

Population

Nearly 60 millions

Major
EconomyAgriculture

Administra-tive System

Divided into Seven states and Seven
Regions. The States and Regions has
been divided into Districts which inturn
have been divided intoTownships.

NaturalNu Hazard
d oof Myanmary4Hazard Vulnerability•Myanmar is prone tomultiple natural hazards
Fire is the most frequentdisaster in Myanmar andaccounts for 73 %12% land vulnerable tostorms – 2,400 KMs ofli
coastline
11% land vulnerable tofloods
fl dother disasters including
earthquake landslide,earthquake,landslide etc
accounts for 4%

••

•
•

Disaster in Myanmar(%)

4%
12%
Fire

11%

73%

Flood
Storm
Other

5

Area Wise Natural Hazards• Cyclone
•
•
•
•
•
•

- Ayarwady, Yangon and Thnintharyi Region andRakhine
khi andd Mon State
Tsunami - Rakhine, Ayarwady, Yangon, Mon andTh i th iThanintharyi
Flooding - Along the Ayarwady, Chindwin, Sittaung andThanlwin Rivers
Fire and - Across the Country, especially in Dry zone andForest Fire Densely populated areas
Drought - Mandalay, Magway and Sagaing Divisions
L d lid - Kachin,LandslideK hi Chin
Chi andd Shan
Sh States
St t andd Thanintharyi
Th i th iDivision
Earthquake All round the country except Thanintharyi
Earthquake-Cyclone Prone Areas in Myanmar

Major Cyclone Disasters
AAreasAffectedAffd

Value of Total Damageg(Kyats)

NNo.

DDate

1

6-8/10/48

Sitwe (Rakhine State)

10 Billions2

22 24/10/52
22-24/10/52

Sit (RakhineSitwe(R khi StState)t )10 Billions
Billi

3

15-18/5/67

Kyaut Pyu (Rakhine State) & Pathein (AyeyarwadyDivision)

30 Billions

420-24/10/67

Sitwe (Rakhine State)

15 Billions

57-10/5/68

Sitwe (Rakhine State)

10 Billions

65-7/5/75/ /Pathein (Ayeyarwady Division)

446.5 Billions

712-17/5/78

Kyaut Pyu (Rakhine State)

200 Billions

81-4/5/82

Gwa (Rakhine State)

82 4 Billions
82.4

916-19/5/92

Than Twel (Rakhine State)

150 Billions

102/5/94

Maung Taw (Rakhine State)

59 Billions

1125-29/4/06

Near by Gwa (Rakhine State)428.56 Billions

1228/4/08-3/5/08

Ayeyarwady Delta/ Yangon Region

13 Trillions

132/5/11(Nargis)

Ayeyarwady Delta/ Yangon Region

4057US$(mil)1422/10/2010

Rakine State

818097.212 Million

Damages and Losses in Nargis
Landfall Day

May, 2 ,2011

Death
eat totoll

884537
537

Missing53836

Injured19359

Totally damaged houses

450000Partially damaged houses

350000DDamagedd schoolh l

4000

Health Facilities destroyed

75 %Farmland damaged (acre)

269530Affected population

2 4 million
2.4

Total damage and Loss4057 US$(mil)Damages and Losses (GiRi(GiRi))
Landfall Day- (2222--1010--2010)

Wind speed-(120)Miles/hr(120)Miles/hr

Affected Area

-MyaePon
MyaePon,,
PaukTaw,,
PaukTaw
Min Pyar,Pyar,
Kyauk Phyu
Phyu,,
Ann,, Sittwe

Loss of Lives-35
35 peoples

Mi i
Missing-1010 peopleslEstimated Losses-18097.212
Millions Kyats

9Tsunami Damage and Losses in Ayeyarwady Delta (2004)

Flood Prone Areas in Myanmar

Flood Damages and Losses in Myanmar
No. of AffectedNoVillage Tracts
and Villages

No. AffectedNoHouse-holds

No. ofNo
AffectedFamilies

Affected
Popula-tion

Death
Toll

Loss(x100,000kyats)No.

DateLocation

1

8/7/97

Homalin,Sagaing
Region5 villages in 2
wards

9,916

9,950

59,594-99(9,0000USD)

2

25/9/97

Homalin,Sagaing
Region63 villages

3,867

3,867

28.399-238(21,636USD)

3

11/7/97

Paungpyin,Sagaing
Region5 villages

6,652

6,652

44,1432-

4

13/7/97

Mawlike,Sagaing
Region16 villages

3,622

3,622

21,897--5

9/7/97/ /kMyintkyina,
Kachin State

10 villages
ll

4,254

4,471

30,615

4(33(3,000USD)

67/6/97

Kayan,K
YangonRegion

1 189
1,189

1 189
1,189

5 878
5,878---13

Flood Damages and Losses in Myanmar(cont.,)
Location

No. of Affected
NoVillage Tracts
and Villages

No. Affected
NoHouse-holds

No. ofNo
Affected
Families

Affected
Popula-tion

Death
TollLoss(x100,000kyats)

No.

Date

7

7/7/97

Bago
RegionAll villages in 6Townships

6,629

6,629

33,76850-

8

1/8/97

Kayin StateAll villages in 5Townships

18,80418,855

109,804--9

13/8/91 Hpa-an,
Kayin State

6 villages

2,669

2,669

14,488--

10

Kyauktaw,kt
10/7/97 K
RakhineState-

1 030
1,030

1 030
1,030

5 983
5,983

-

50(4,550(4545USD)

11

2/6/01

Thetaw village

463

1 164
1,164

2 172
2,172

42

-

12

Monywa,18/8/02 Monywa
Sagaing
Region

-

9 178
9,178

9 460
9,460

48 746
48,746

-

2,535
2535
(213,14 909
USD)

Wundwin,
Wundwin
Manadalay

Flood Damages and Losses in Myanmar(cont.,)
Location

No. of Affected
NoVillage Tracts
and Villages

No. Affected
NoHouse-holds

No. ofNoAffected
Families

Affected
Popula-tion

Death
Toll

Loss(x100,000kyats)

No.

Date

13

18/8/02

Salingyi,Sagaing

-

1,647

1,702

10,216--14

19/8/02Kani, Sagaing
Region

-

2,042

2,207

12,048-2,447(222,454USD)

15

19/8/02

Kyaikmaraw,
Mon State-

829

829

4,686-

414(37(37,636USD)

16

8/9/02/ /Shwepyithar,Yangon
Region

-

886

886

4,541--

17

3/7/03

Hkamti,Sagaing
Region

-

1,230

1,536

8,131-

15

Flood Damages and Losses in Myanmar(cont.,)

Location

No. ofAffected
Village Tracts
and Villages

No.
Affected
House-holds

No. ofAffected
Families

Affected
Popula-tion

Death
TollLoss((x100,,000kyats)

NoNo.

Date

18

9/10/06

KyaukseDistrict,
Mandalay
RegionAll villages in 4wards

1,443

1,763

7,045-

351(31,909USD)

19

11/9/06

Sagaing Region

6 villages near
Yaymyetgyi
Lake

770

791

5,372--

20

9/10/06

Kyaukpadaung,
Mandalay
Region2 villages

1418

97

16-

21

24/7/07

Bhamo,
Sh
Shwegu,Myitkyina,
Kachin State-600

600

3,167--16

Fire Prone Areas in Myanmar

Forest Fire Prone Areas in Myanmar

Drought Prone Areas in Myanmar

Landslide Prone Areas in Myanmar

Active Fault in Myanmar

21

Seismic Zone in Myanmar

Several Large Earthquakes in Myanmar••••••••••••

M7.0 Sittwe Earthquake, 2 April 1762
M7.0 Yangon Earthquake, 17 Dec 1927
M7.3 Bago Earthquake, 5 May 1930
M7 3 Phyuu Earthquake,
M7.3Earthquake 3 Dec 1930
M7.6 Myintkyina Earthquake, 27 Jan 1931
M7 5 Takaung Earthquake,
M7.5Earthquake 12 Sept 1946
M7.75 Takaung Earthquake, 12 Sept 1946
M7 0 Sagaing Earthquake,
M7.0Earthquake 16 Jul 1956
M6.8 Bagan Earthquake, 8 Jul 1976
M6 8 Taungdwingyi Earthquake,
M6.8Earthquake 22 Sept 2003
M7.0 Tarlay Earthquake, 24 Mar 2011
M6 8 Thapidekyin Earthquake,
M6.8Earthquake 11 Nov 2012

Storm Surge observed along Myanmar Coast(1947-2008)

Storm Surge Prone Areas in Ayeyarwady Delta

Current Disaster Management(DM)i MyanmarinM26

National Mechanism in Disaster Management• The National Disaster Preparedness Central Committee(NDPCC) chaired by the Vice-President 2 has been
formed.
• There are 10 Sub-committees under NDPCC• State/Division-, District-, Township- and Village Tractlevel Disaster Preparedness Committees have also been
formed respectively.
respectively

Institutional Framework for Disaster Management at National Level
National Disaster Preparedness Central Committee
Chairman : Vice-President 2
National Disaster Preparedness Management Working Committee
Ch iChairman: UnionU i Minister
Mi i t (MoSWRR)(M SWRR)

Ten Sub-Committee
Information & Education Sub-Committee
Emergency Communication SubCommittee

Clearing Ways & Transportation SubCommittee
Mitigation & Establishing of Emergency
Shelter Sub-Committee
Sub Committee

Search & Rescue Sub-Committee
Health Care Sub-Committee
Information of Losses & Emergency
Assistance Sub-Committee
Assessment of Losses Sub-Committee

Rehabilitation & Reconstruction SubCommittee
Security Sub-Committee

Mechanism of Disaster Response in Myanmar
NDPCC

Subcommittees

UN
INGOs
LNGOs

State/RegionDPC

MoSWRR

RRD
District/Township
DPC

Local community

Planning, Decision making

Coordination

SupplyResponsibilities of RRD in DisasterR d ti
Reduction

30

Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement

Department ofSocial Welfare

Relief and Resettlement
Department

Relief and Resettlement Department
Obj tiObjectives• To provide
id relief
li f forf victims
i i off naturall disasters
dito ease theirh isufferings• To take precautionary steps so as to minimize loss of lives andproperty of the victims of natural disasters

32

Relief and Resettlement Department
Major tasks• To deliver relief to people, monks and nuns who face disasters
such as fire, flood, strong wind, earthquake and armediinsurgency
t ease theirtoth i sufferings.
ff i• To deliver relief to those who caught a storm in a river or a sea
and for those who are stranded in far-flungfar flung regions or inforeign countries because of their vessels whose engines are ind so de .
disorder.
• To provide aid for those who had to leave their regions due tog y and for those who have been shifted to safe
armed insurgency
regions from the areas where armed insurgents are active.
• To provide aid for those who face hunger owing to severe
drought, great change of climate or destroyed agricultural
33
fields by pests and animals.

Relief Assistance

The affected people are provided with Rice for Three to fivedays and for seven days if necessary According to person.
Each household is provided with Relief such as Longyi, Blanket,Towel,, Aluminum ppan,, Bowl,, T-shirt,, Soapp and a Set of Robes formonks and nums.
Assist for people who died in disaster(Under 18 – 50000 Kyats)(above 18 – 100000 Kyats)Progress in Disaster Preparedness
Standing Order on Natural Disaster Management• Based on the lessons learnt in Cyclone
Nargis,theNational
DisasterPreparedness Central Committee hasd l ddeveloped“StandingdiOrderdon
Disaster Management” in January, 2009
to ensure effective response to futuredisasters.
• TheTh StandingSt di OrderO d includes
i l d nationalti llevel institutions and their mandates,
State/Division
Level
DisasterPreparedness Committees and theirresponsibilities,and exact mandatesof respective (24) ministries andmunicipal committees.

35

Myanmar Action Plan on Disaster Risk Reduction((MAPDRR)2012)
Goals“ To make Myanmar Safer and More Resilient against NaturalHazards, thus Protecting Lives, Livelihood and development Gains”
Objectives
1 To build a more resilient and safer community through1.
conceptualization, development and implementation ofappropriate disaster risk reduction programs and culture of safety:
2. To provide a framework for implementing Myanmar’s DRR
commitments at the global and regional levels, under HFA andAADMER;AADMER
3. To provide a mechanism where the disaster risk reduction

Development of Myanmar Action Plan on Disaster Risk
Managementg(MAPDRR)()

Relief and Resettlement Department was endorsed
Myanmar Action Plan on Disaster Risk Reduction(MAPDRR) with the technical support from Asian
Disaster Preparedness Centre (ADPC) which isb d inbased
i Bangkok,
B k k Thailand
Th il d ini April
A il 2012.
2012
MAPDRR includes 7 main components and 65
sub-components. These 65 sub-components will
become as future disaster risk reduction projects.
MAPDRR is drawn up including priorities ofHyogo Framework for Action (HFA) and ASEAN
Agreement on Disaster Management andEmergency Response (AADMER).

37

Seven Components of MAPDRR
S/N

HFA

Component

Priorities

AADMER

No. ofProjects
ojects1Component 1: Policy, Institutional Arrangements andFurther Institutional development

Priority 1

Article6,1042

Component 2: Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk
Assessment

Priority 2

Article 583Component 3: Multi
Multi-hazardhazard Early Warning System

Priority 2

Article 7

104Component 4: Preparedness and Response Programs atNational,, State/Division,, District& Townshipp Levels

Priority 5

Article 6,8105Component 5: Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction
into Development

Priority 4

Article 6

136Component 6: Community
i basedb d Disaster
iPreparedness
dand Risk Reduction

Crosscutting

Articlei l 6,7

97Component 7: Public Awareness, Education and Training Priority 3

Article 6,7

11Total6538

Guideline of Township Level DisasterManagement Action plan39

Disaster Risk Management of capacity Training wasOpening in the Myanmar, 1977 to 2013
NoState/ Division

Opening Totle

1Kachin State8389

2K h State
KayahSt t

5192

3Kayin State8380

4Chin State

4154

5

Sagaing Division

6270

6

Taninthary Division

9430

7Bago Division

8399

8

Magway Division

9368

9Mandalay Division

6272

10

Mon State

10450

11Rakhine State

15674

12Shan State

9454

13

Yangon Division

14615

14

Ayeyarwady Division

20879

1315926

Total

Population

Remart40

Increasing Public Awareness and Developing
Capacities•Di t ib ti off posters
Distributiont andd pamphlets
hl t•Trainingg of Trainers on Disaster Risk Reduction - TOT•

Disaster Management Course – DMC (State and Divisionall l)level)•

Education Talks on Disaster Risk Reduction•Workshops and seminars ( Both local and abroad)•

CBDRR and CBDM training

Development of IEC materials for Public Awareness(in English)

Seven Components
pof MAPDRR

42

Development of IEC materials for Public Awareness(in Myanmar)

Seven Components
pof MAPDRR

43Wall Sheets and Posters

44

Pamphlets

45

Emergency Operation Center-EOC in RRD• The goal of EOC is to strengthen the region's capacity fordisaster management throughthro gh the adaption and integration ofthe Incident Command System (ICS) and other components ofgSystemy((NIMS)) intothe U.S National Incident Management
national and regional disaster system.
• Technical assistances are providing from four pilot countries(B(Brunei,i Indonesia,
I di Philippines
Phili iandd Thailand)
Th il d) as wellll as
support to the ASEAN Coordination Centre for Humanitariang((AHA Centre).
)
Assistance on disaster management• Presently, EOC members in RRD report daily informationthat are concerned disaster within Myanmar and Asiacountries.
ti• These information will be get from websites on internet.
• Our organization hope to give more effective information intopublic.
46

Global And Regional Disaster Risk Reduction
Commitments• committeditt d tot variousi
globall b l andd regional
i l Frameworks
Fk anddDeclarations on Disaster Management and Disaster RiskReduction.
• endorsed the Hyogo Framework for Action [HFA]• Asian Ministerial Conferences on Disaster Risk Reduction(AMCDRR),• The ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management andEEmergency
RResponse(AADMER)• The Union of Myanmar signed the AADMER in July 2005
and subsequently ratified the AADMER.
AADMER• Myanmar has already contributed ADMER Fund and AHAFund.

Relief and Resettlement Department Cooperation withInternational and Local Organizations
 Signed MoU with 8 UN Agencies, INGOs and LNGOs toimplement the DRR Activities more effective andefficient.

Current Issues in Myanmar
Apply to open Training School on Disaster Managementin Hinthada Township, Ayeyarwady Region
Plan to apply End
End-to-Endto End Early Warning System incooperation with JICA at Ayeyarwady Region andRakhine State,State currently apply it in Ayeyarwady Region
Apply to open Emergency Operation Center (EOC)Create damage and losses database in cooperation withUNDP
Open Disaster Management Course (DMC)

Obstacles to promote DRR in Myanmar
Disaster Awareness Raising in people
Promoting Early Warning System (EWS)Keeping exactly budget size for DRR
Technology concerning with emergency operation inemergency situations
Developing emergency dispatch system

51