Japan Association for Social Policy Studies (JASPS) the 130th Biannual
Conference: Guide and Program

The JASPS 130th biannual conference will be held on June 27-28 2015, at Ochanomizu University(June 27) and at Senshu University (June 28). International sessions will be held in English, but
the rest of sessions of the conference will be held in Japanese. All international sessions and the
JASPS party (konshinkai) will be held on June 27 at Ochanomizu University. Thus this guide andprogram mainly provide information of the venue and sessions of the conference on June 27.
If you are interested in the detail of the plenary session held on June 28 at Senshu University, andif you can read Japanese, please check the Japanese conference program at the following URL
address.
http://jasps.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/130th-JASPS-Meeting_Program.pdf
Presenters from ESPAnet will be waived conference registration fees and fees of the JASPS party(konshinkai). On June 27, please do not go directly to the room where international sessions will
be held (Building 1, Room 303), but go to the reception desk first. Please tell people there that you
are from ESPAnet and are presenting papers at international sessions.
As for the access to Ochanomizu University and its address, please see the last page of theuniversity guide (also attached in the e-mail).
If you have any question about the conference, please contact Akira Suzuki (Vice chair,International Exchange Committee) at insmove@hosei.ac.jp

Table of Contents
Schedule (time and room number) and Abstracts ofInternational Sessions

Pages 2-5

Schedule (time and room number) and Abstracts ofJapanese Sessions

Pages 6-28

Program on 28 June

Page 29

Campus Map (Ochanomizu University)

Page 30

Floor Layouts of Building 1, Ochanomizu University

Page 31

Map Around the University

Page 321

Schedule (time and room number) and Abstracts of International Sessions
Session 1. Sustainability of welfare states
9:30~11:30, Building 1, Room 303 (Ochanomizu University)
Chair: Yasuhiro Kamimura (Nagoya University)
Discussant: Naoko Soma (Yokohama National University)
１．Social citizenship as a balance between welfare rights and needs: in search of a theoreticalframework for Asian welfare systems
Ijin Hong: Sungshin Women’s University, Korea
Over the past two decades, welfare in East Asian countries, traditionally following a residualist
approach, has increasingly been under pressure to offer more universalistic social provisions to its
citizens. As a result, the issues of social justice and equality have increased their relative
importance in recent social and academic debates.
Unfortunately, a shrinking role of the nation-state in the face of globalization, and increased
migration flows to industrialized countries, rendered granting social rights to all citizens/residents
too burdensome for public finances. As a result, access to citizenship rights has progressively
reduced in the West, either through cuts to welfare provisions, or through increased restrictions in
the acquisition of citizenship (Evers & Guillemard 2013).
In the experience of countries such as South Korea, Japan and Taiwan, social security measures
have been serving the purpose of fostering economic growth and productivity, with public employees
and workers in the big industry being the first beneficiaries of the welfare system (Holliday 2000,
Kwon 1998). However, with rising social expenditure levels, and increased public commitments towelfare during political elections, the topic of social citizenship is now ripe to be dealt with in East
Asia as it is the case in many other industrialized countries (Evers and Guillemard 2013). This
study aims to contribute to the literature on social rights by providing a theoretical analysis of theidea of social citizenship and its advantages and limits when applied to an East Asian context.

２．Familism, care and gender in Southern Europe and East Asia
Margarita Estévez-Abe: Syracuse University, Collegio Carlo Alberto and Manuela Naldini:
University of Torino, Collegio Carlo Alberto, Italy
This paper is motivated by the fact that Southern European and East Asian countries share ahigh degree of “familism” when compared to Anglo-American and Northern European countries.
Comparatively speaking, the incidence of multi-generational living arrangements among adultfamily members is high, gender equality is low and the level of care—both childcare and elderly
care—provided by family members is high in the two regions.
Our paper carries out three tasks. First, we empirically compare familism in Italy, Japan, Korea
and Spain and contrast them to Anglo-American and Northern European countries. Second, weoutline key policy developments in the care sector in the four countries in the past fifteen years.
Here, we show that despite the general similarities in both norms and behaviors, policy
developments in Spain and Korea are significantly different from those in Italy and Japan. Third,
we investigate if the “usual suspects”—religion , authoritarian past, and the strength of unions/leftparties—explain the familism in the two regions as well as within the group variations.
2３．New direction of the social policy - Spiral theory of social policy
Kazuo Takada: Hitotsubashi University, Japan
Around the turn of the century, when neoliberalism were popular in the discussion of social policy,
there emerged two new kinds of social policy. One is long-term care pension, in Germany and Japan,
and the other is new social assistance for the unemployed in France and Germany. The first one is a
new great social insurance. It cannot be neoliberal and self-help. It has also a new element. It
introduced choice of service on the client’s side. Welfare service had been done based on the decisionby the government or experts, not clients. This is the new phenomenon in the history of social policy
which had been collective and protective and contrary to free choice in the market. The second one
is new in that it is assistance in effect without means test. People should pay premium to havebenefits. It is basic principle of social security, and social assistance is an exception, and therefore
means tested. French and German assistances for the unemployed are reversal of the principle.
With those changes in the social policy, I propose another view of development in the social policy. It
is spiral theory of social policy. Social policy is developing from meritocracy in the 19th century to
merit-based egalitarianism in the 20th century, then merit-free egalitarianism in 21st century.

Session2-1.Re-discovering social protection and security beyond crisis
12:50~14:50, Building 1, Room 303 (Ochanomizu University)
Chair: Akira Suzuki (Hosei University), Yoko Tanaka (University of Tsukuba)
Discussant: Takashi Suganuma (Rikkyo University) (papers 1 and 2),
1. Euro crisis as a discovery device. The politicization of European integration
Martin Heidenreich: Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany
Crises may contribute to a better understanding of society itself: "As an unintended effect ofpermanent diagnoses of crisis it gradually turns out that it is not is crises, but the society itself.
"(Luhmann 1991: 148) This is especially true for the Euro zone crisis which started in 2008 and has
not yet been overcome. This crisis indicates the increasing politicization of the European
integration process and the related gap between the systemic and the social integration of theEuropean Union (EU). This politicization process will be described in three dimensions: Firstly, theinstitutional gap between the monetary policy of the European Central Bank and national fiscal
policies has not yet been overcome by a coherent institutionalization of responsibilities. This
explains the increasing economic disparities in Europe, growth and excessive debt problems andhigh unemployment, especially in Southern and Eastern Europe and leads to highly conflictualintergovernmental bargaining processes. Secondly, the social basis of European integration
processes is challenged by the erosion of the indifference of national populations against the elite
project of European integration. In the current crisis, the decoupling between the systemic
integration of the EU and the social integration of the population at the national level has reachedits limits as the declining trust of the population in EU institutions and goals shows. Third, due tothe massive social consequences of the European austerity policy, the EU is increasingly perceived
as a central determinant of social inequalities. This triple politicization of the European social spacecan be interpreted as the ”return of the societal dimension” to Europe – after centuries in which the3socio-cultural and political heterogeneity of European society had been confined in the European
nation-states.

2. The stability of social security in the United States: A positive strain of classicalliberalism
Kenzo Yoshida: Matsuyama University, Japan
Stability is one of the most crucial elements of social security systems. Although the UnitedStates is famous—some might say notorious—for drastic changes to its socio-economic structure(including welfare programs), the nation’s Social Security is the most secure public pension
program among major Western countries.
In the restructuring age of welfare states, public pensions have been reformed several times inJapan and various European countries, with an overhaul of benefits and taxes. However, Social
Security in the US has not undergone such reforms for three decades since the Social Security Act
was amended in 1983. As a result, the difference of the benefit levels between the US and other
Western countries has been shrinking, and traditional views toward the US welfare state, such as“liberal” or “residual” perspectives, have become a little inappropriate This paper investigates theextent to which Social Security has remained stable during a time when welfare states are going
through a crisis. In addition, this paper attempts to devise institutional designs and basic principles
for keeping pensions steady.

Session2-2. Re-discovering social protection and security beyond crisis
15:00~17:00, Building 1, Room 303 (Ochanomizu University)
Chair: Akira Suzuki (Hosei University), Yoko Tanaka (University of Tsukuba)
Discussant: Mutsuko Takahashi (Kibi International University) (papers 3 and 4)
3. Dualisation, labour market reform and youth unemployment in Spain: Prospects for a job-richrecoveryAna Marta Guillén and Rodolfo Gutiérrez: University of Oviedo, Spain
Spain can be seen as an “extreme example” of labour market dualisation in comparative
perspective, even among other South European countries. Spanish labour market dualism is basedon age, in the sense that the outsider segment of labour market is mainly occupied by young people.
The economic crisis has intensified both dualism and its “biographical” profile. The Spanish casefeatures two outstanding and specific traits. Firstly, Spanish youth have followed a ‘temporary’pattern of incorporation into the labour market, this meaning that spells of
employment/unemployment occur for some years before achieving stable employment. Such pattern
has prevailed for thirty years and it has not been modified during the crisis. Secondly, the analysisof the evolution of youth participation in the labour market by educational levels shows two
increasing risks: an almost “chronic” pattern of unemployment of low qualified people and frequent
over-education of high-qualified ones. The first section of the paper assesses these evolutionary
aspects prior and during the economic crisis. The second section is devoted to the analysis of thereform trajectory of labour market institutions and work and welfare policies. Neither the reforms
undertaken before the onset of the crisis nor the more recent and deeper reforms adopted
4henceforth seem to constitute, as yet, a clear exit strategy from the “biographical” dualism pattern.
Finally, the third section of the paper includes a discussion on how institutional arrangements
foster/hinder a job-rich recovery among young workers in Spain in the short to medium term.

4. Why are there so few homeless females in Japan?
Keiko Kawahara and Yuko Suda: Toyo University, Japan
Similar to other developed countries, the poorest class in Japan has a significant number offemales; yet, there are fewer homeless females than there are homeless males. This study examines
the reason, as considering the circumstances peculiar to Japan that lower the number of homelessfemales. As Shinn (2007) points out, the statistics of homeless people are influenced by social
policies; the statistics include sex, age and family structure of the homeless. What needs to be notedis that the following circumstances peculiar to Japan provide a background for the “invisibility” ofhomeless females. First, Japan’s policies for the homeless define “homelessness” in the narrowest
sense, as a state of “rooflessness”—literally, having nowhere to sleep. However, females without thestable homes tend to move around acquaintances houses, which make them “invisible” when the
narrowest definition is applied. Second, because Japan’s society adheres to the breadwinner model,
it is difficult for females to be economically independent. Thus, whereas unemployment is the usual
cause for homeless males, homelessness for females tends to be caused by ruptured relationships.
Such females are identified as victims of domestic violence, however, and their state ofhomelessness is ignored.

5

Schedule (time and room number) and Abstracts of Japanese Sessions
The following is an English translation of the Conference Program of the JASPS 130th
Conference. Please note all sessions except international sessions will be held in Japanese.

Program on June 27 (Saturday)
All sessions on June 27 will be held at Ochanomizu University

Morning Sessions
9:30～11:30

テーマ別分科会・自由論題・国際分科会＜テーマ別分科会・No.1＞〔Labor Movement〕 Recent Trends of Union Organizing in Japan and the United States
9:30～11:30【Building 2, RM101】
Chair: Akira Suzuki（The Ohara Institute for Social Research, Hosei University）
Coordinator: MATSUO, Koichi（Aoyama Gakuin University）
Recent studies on union organizing pay attention to activities of individually-affiliated unions
whose main target is non-regular workers in service industries, regarding such unions as examples
of social movement unionism. However, organizing activities of labor unions also need to be
examined in relation to other activities of unions such as “traditional” activities of regular workers’
unions (regulation of working conditions through collective bargaining) and policy-oriented
activities demanding reforms of public policies. In addition, we need to examine organizing
policies of national confederations and cross-national comparisons of organizing activities. The
three presenters of this session present papers on union organizing and related activities from theirown areas of specialization.
The third presenter, Mr. Haruhisa Yamaneki, is not a member of JASPS, but we decided to invite
him to give a presentation at this session because he had been involved in organizing activities of
Rengo.

１．Public sector union campaigns in the US: Focusing on teachers and home child care providers
Charles Weathers （Osaka City University）
Based on recent fieldwork in the US, I report on the challenge to public sector unionism in the US.
Part 1 overviews the issue, emphasizing the strong neoliberal pressure on unions and public
services. Part 2 focuses on the struggles of teachers' unions, especially in California, Wisconsin, andKansas. While California is a relatively strong union state, neoliberal governors in the latter two
states have waged aggressive campaigns to undermine unions and privatize services in order toadvance their presidential ambitions. Part 3 highlights the progress made by unions representing
family based child care providers in Oregon and New York, states with much more propitious
6conditions for progressive unionism. In all cases, analysis affirms that public sector unions mustcombine political activism with commitment to public service in order to maintain influence andexpand membership.

２．The Development of organisation and movement of the trade unions

in the constructionindustry
Asami, Kazuhiko（Senshu University）
The construction workers’ unions have been ill served by industrial relations scholars. This study
aims to reveal the historical development and current state of the trade unions in the constructionindustry.
The unions, usually regional and affiliated to the National Confederation of Construction Unions,have organised employed workers, contract workers, the self-employed and even small masters
through the trade-based health insurance societies effectively run by the unions and the unions’own mutual aid schemes. The recruitment activities started among small house-builders in theresidential areas in the 1950s. After the early 1980s, employees of the subcontracting companies
and the ‘labour-only’ subcontractors in the civil engineering and public works gradually join theunions.
They began to decide the mutually-agreed rates among union members which would be demands
for their customers’ payments in the early 1960s, and this wage movement continued until the late1970s. The union federations in metropolitan areas have regularly negotiated with the main
general contractors and the large housing firms about the working conditions and wages since 1983,
though without the formal collective bargaining machinery.
In recent years, the unions develop the strategy to conclude the collective agreements with thetrade associations, to regulate the minimum rates by the public contract ordinance with labourclauses, and to manage their labour supply business.
They also formulate the organising policy
to establish the shop steward committee on site.

３．Toward the 10 Million Rengo
Haruhisa Yamaneki（Japanese Trade Union Confederation）
The “10 Million Rengo” project aims to increase Rengo’s membership from the current
membership of 6.74 million to 10 million. This project, adopted by the 12th Congress of Rengo heldin October 2011, was given a concrete form by the project’s roadmap, “the plan for realizing 10
million Rengo,” based on which Rengo’s affiliated unions and its regional organizations sharedorganizing plans and strategies. The implementation of the plan started after the 13th Congressof Rengo held in October 2013.
The “10 Million Rengo” project consists of five components whose timespan rages from short- to
medium-/long-terms : (1) the establishment of a team of full-time organizers at the headquarters
and the cooperation of the team with Rengo’s affiliated unions and its regional organizations inorganizing efforts, (2) priority given to organizing workers in (unorganized) companies belonging to
the same corporate groups as unionized companies and to organizing non-regular workers, (3) the
promotion of region-based unions based on labor-issue counseling activities, (4) the promotion of7

collective industrial relations so that workers will understand their importance, and (5) the
provision of training and organizational support to those involved in organizing activities.
The ultimate purpose of the “10 Million Rengo” project is to expand the coverage of collective
industrial relations in addition to the expansion of Rengo’s organizational strength. Collective
industrial relations not only provide workers with their safety net, but also are an indispensablecondition for the (healthy) corporate growth. Based on the project, Rengo aims to perform its social
responsibility as a national union confederation.

＜テーマ別分科会・No.2＞〔Social Security〕The Comprehensive Reform of Social Security and Tax and Its Impact
9:30～11:30【Building 2 , RM102】
Chair：Chisa Fujiwara（The Ohara Institute for Social Research, Hosei University）
Coorinator：Tohru Hatanaka（The Ohara Institute for Social Research, Hosei University）"The Comprehensive Reform of Social Security and Tax" is a series of social security and tax
reforms. The reform was initiated by the DPJ-led government. The reform aims to improvefunctions of the social security system and to secure stable revenues for the system. The Tax
Fundamental Reform Law, approved in 2012, stipulated an increase in the rate of the consumption
tax rate when the laws concerning child care support and pension system reforms were also
approved. Social Security Reform Program Law, approved in 2013, stipulated specific reforms
about the medical and elder care systems. In January 2015, the “Head Office for Promoting Social
Security Reform” (consisting of cabinet members) adopted “the Principles of Medical Insurance
Reform,” setting the goals of social security reforms. The head office, however, postponed some
pension system reforms because the government decided to postpone the implementation of anincrease in consumption tax rate.
This section aims to analyze how social security institutions have been reformed in the areas of
medical care, pension and child care support. It also examines an impact of the Comprehensive
Reform of Social Security and Tax and issues arising from the reform.

１．Health Policy Development in the course of the “Comprehensive Reform of Social Security andTaxation Systems”
Ryozo Matsuda（College of Social Sciences, Ritsumeikan University）
This paper aims to examine development of health policies in the course of “Comprehensive
Reform of Social Security and Taxation Systems” and to analyze leading ideas and policy tools infinance provision and regulations. To stable health financing and maintain the universal healthcoverage, reforms in financing include reorganization of insurance schemes toward management at
the prefecture level, expansion of eligibility for premium reduction for those with low-income,differentiation of copayments and out-of-pocket maximum by income, and expansions of financial
adjustments between insurers. Recently, how to develop gender-neutral social security and taxation
systems has been discussed. It has been a policy object to develop more efficient provision of8comprehensive health and long-term care. To achieve it, the government established a new financial
mechanism and a regulatory framework at the prefecture level; has been developing informationbase on healthcare; and revised regulations on relevant corporations. In summary, incremental
reforms accompanying the creation of intermediary governance at the prefecture level anddevelopment of new policy tool, but a framework to assess the outcomes of them is to be established.

２ ． Remedial actions for recipients of low pension benefits under The Automatic Balance
Mechanism
Tohru Hatanaka（The Ohara Institute for Social Research, Hosei University）
The Law for Pension Function Improvement and the Pensioner Support Benefits Law and otherpension reform laws were approved in 2012. These laws provide certain remedial actions torecipients of low pension benefits. Meanwhile, benefits levels of pension were reduced by 2.5%
from FY2013 to 2015 due to the dissolution of The Exceptional Benefit Level. Then, The
Automatic Balance Mechanism, based on which pension benefits are to be reduced, will start.
The paper examines interactions of the seemingly conflicting policies, i.e., remedial actions forrecipients of low pension benefits and the adjustment of pension benefit levels. Concerning thelatter, the paper pays attention to changes in the government’s forecast of the projections in
Actuarial Valuation from 2004, when the mechanism was planned, to 2014. The paper also
considers the impact of price increases due to monetary easing and an increase in consumption tax
rate on senior citizen households. The paper then evaluates the effectiveness of remedial actions
for recipients of low pension benefits, and show what policy issues the pension system in Japan isconfronted with.

３．Child Care Support as Population Policy and Labor Policy
Kunimitsu Kakiuchi（School of Humanities, Meisei University）
As a specific feature of The Comprehensive Reform of Social Security and Tax, the attention tochild care support is very high. But the argument winnowing the essence of child care support is notnecessarily livelily. The current legislation of child care support originated from The Primary Law
against Declining Birthrate and The Law for Rearing Next Generations, which were introduced
under the Koizumi administration in 2003. The essence of this legislation is the countermeasure to
the declining birthrate. The Child/Childcare Support Law, which was approved under the second
Abe administration, has also the same purpose as the countermeasure to the declining birthrate,and strongly has a character as a labor policy against a rapid reduction of labor. Until 1990s thenursery policy as main child care support had been developed as a subordinate to the labor policy
based on gender role, that the mother must care child when the child is very young. But facing
declining the reproductive age population without the improvement of birthrate, the child care
support has been set a maximum priority task in The Comprehensive Reform of Social Security andTax. It is widely known as if it establishes rights of children and household with children, but thefacts can be considered as a cheap labor policy on mothers, and marketization and privatization of
the nursery, and the policy to make nursery workers insecurity. It is not organized as the rights forchild care. This paper argues the current child care policy.
9

＜テーマ別分科会・No.3＞
Possibilities and Challenges of Utilizing Visual Archives in Research Studies
9:30～11:30【Building 3, RM104】
Chair / Coordinator：Hirohiko TAKASU（Research and Education Center for Fair Labor,
Graduate School of Social Sciences, Hitotsubashi University）
Discussant：Osamu UMEZAKI（Faculty of Lifelong Learning and Career Studies,
Hosei University）
Previously, the main focus of research studies in social science has been paper documents andvisual archives have not been prioritized. But recently, huge quantities of visual documents arebeing made and distributed, due to the spread of low-cost and easy-to-use video equipment.
Researchers are now able to make visual records easily. So, it is necessary to consider how
researchers should make, collect and preserve visual records, analyze them, publicize research
results by making them and utilize them in education.
In this session, we will show examples of the collection of visual archives on the Internet andtelevision, the making of visual records by researchers, the creation of visual archives, researchstudies using visual archives and the publication of research results using visual means. The
session discusses the possibilities and challenges of utilizing visual archives in research studies andalso the challenges intrinsic to visual archives.

１．Television Coverage as a Historical Document: from the perspective of the environmental newsarchive
Yoshiyuki NISHIDA（The Ohara Institute for Social Research, Hosei University）
In order to study social and labor issues historically, researchers have often used newspapers tocheck the facts. But, television has more than sixty years’ history and its news and documentary
programs have covered various issues and can be used as an important record of events. It has now
become possible to preserve and watch large numbers of TV programs through digital technology
and large capacity storage devices. There is also more opportunity to watch previous programs by
webcast.
Under this situation, the analysis and research of television coverage, which had been limited toa small number of researchers, are now accessible to the public.
The reporter will introduce his experience and achievement at the Hosei University
Environmental News Archive by giving examples of TV coverage of the anti-nukes movement after
the East Japan Great Earthquake. He will report on the possibilities and challenges of media
analysis of coverage of social issues and citizens’ movements by researchers, universities andcitizens.

２．The Possibilities of Reappraising the Movement History between South Korea and Japan forCompensation from Atrocities Committed in World War II by Utilizing Television and10Film Archive
Chung Jihye（Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Information Studies,
The University of Tokyo）
For over half a century following World War II, the rigidity of Cold War politics provided a barrierthat insulated Japanese collective memory from the war’s innumerous victims across Asia. In thelong “postwar”, Japanese aggression was for a long while effortlessly forgotten, that was until the
1990s. In 1989 the Japanese Emperor Hirohito died, the Berlin Wall fell down and the Cold War
was over. With the breakdown of the Cold War geopolitical system, authoritarian regimes in Asia
gradually turned to democracy and investigation into cases of individual victims of Japan’slong-ended war begin to appear. In this new age of mass media, programs calling into question
Japan’s belligerence and aggression become quite prevalent and this starts to reshape Japan’scollective memory.
This research project will utilize television and film to elucidate the 1990s as a period in which
the South Korean movement for compensation with Japan was most actively debated. It willarchive and catalogue television and film from the period, to reappraise the movement history
between South Korea and Japan for compensation from atrocities committed in World War II.

３．Utilization of Visual Archives in Social Movement Research: the example of the Occupy WallStreet Movement
Emiko AONO（Research Center for Labor Education and Media, Meiji University）
Huge numbers of movies are uploaded on the internet each day and most of them appear without
information on where they were made and who made them. They disappear without leaving
memories. But, in the Occupy Wall Street Movement, which started in September 2011, video
movies uploaded on the internet became the flashpoint of the movement, drawing wide attention
globally. Those movies were shot and disseminated by the leaders, participants and supporters ofthe movement, who continued to spread the information using a wide range of media.
This report studies the survey the reporter made of the Occupy Wall Street Movement. It utilized
various digital documents on the internet, especially visual documents, which were made by thesurvey subjects, and also utilized the visual records made by the reporter herself. The reportexamines the significance of this experience and also refers to the making of visual outputs as a wayof publicizing research studies.

＜自由論題・No.１ ＞
Employment Issues
9:30～11:30【Building 1, RM301】
Chair：Wakana SHUTO (Rikkyo University）
１．Changing forms of employment in Japanese life insurance companies
KANAI Kaoru（Saitama University Faculty of Economics ）11Life insurance industry has traditionally been a major employer of middle-aged women in Japan.
It is typical to Japanese life insurance companies that sales women are not self-employed or agent
but employees in life insurance company. They are eligible to join the social security system throughcompany(pension and employee’s health insurance and employment insurance) as a regular worker.
They join a same union as full-time permanent employees. On the other hand, they pay their taxes
as a self-employed.
This presentation aims to examine the historical background of the employment in Japanese life
insurance companies.

２．Worker Retention in Contracting Out: Some Ordinances and Codes concerning Public Services
in Japan
Rimpei Yoshimura（Fukui Prefectural University）
In general, new bidders on municipal service contracts are not required to keep the employees ofprevious contract holders. Though the intensification of competitiveness in tendering has made it
more difficult for the bidders to keep the jobs, it would be desirable not only for local job security but
also for keeping the level of provided services. Today, the examples of the regulation promoting
worker retention can be found at two cities in Japan: the Ordinance for Fair Contracting by the cityof Tama, Tokyo, and the code for competitive tendering by the city of Toyonaka, Osaka. In thissession, some implications of the regulation will be discussed concerning the employment customs
in some service industry, such as building maintenance.

３．Labor Problem in the employment of Executives
ISHIZUKA, Fumiki（Tohoku Univ. Graduate School of Economics and Management）
The executives or the members of director’s board of private enterprises are usually seen as“employers”. But it can’t be denied that they also have a character of “employees”, as long as theywork based on the service contracts concluded with the firms at which they serve. Thus there is apossibility that labor problems between executives as top managers and companies which hire themmay occur at any time. Unfortunately, the previous academic research has treated the personnel
issues at top management level as a matter of the corporate governance and not as the labor
problems rooting in the employment relationship between the firms and the executives, which
conceals the very reality of working life of top managers. In this paper, the possible labor problems
to which executives are exposed will be discussed consulting the in-house materials of one German
firm (Th. Goldschmidt AG) which deal with a lawsuit brought against the firm by one of its
ex-executives in the late 1980s with a intention of contributing to the construction of an effective
controlling system for top managers.

＜自由論題・No.2
History＞
9:30～11:30【Building 1, RM302】
12

Chair：Touru KUMAZAWA（Fukushima University）
１．The Origin of Modern Japanese Social Reforms; Social Research and Social Sciences
Kaneko, Ryoji（The Ohara Institute for Social Research, Hosei University）
The purpose of this study is to reconstruct the ideas of social policies in Japan before the Second
World War. Firstly, we investigate the origins of the social policies by the Home Ministry in 1920’s,
which addressed social problems in roughly four categories; 1) urban planning, 2) urban social
policies, 3) social classes (especially, industrial relations and peasantry) and 4) public health.
Secondly, by examining social surveys by government officers, social reformers and social scientists,
we extract the different principles from these surveys. Finally, by integrating insights from social
policies and social surveys, we explore the relationships between social policies and adjacentdisciplines.

２．Development of industrial safety and health policy in postwar Japan
Katsuhide Isa（Seinan Gakuin University,
Department of Economics, Division of Economics）
Industrial safety and health policy (ISHP) in Japan was traditionally concerned with regular
employees working in the manufacturing sectors. But nowadays it has come to cover wider ranges
of working persons and issues, given the change of employment structure, industrial structure(especially deindustrialization), increasing non-regular employment, and so on. In the meantime,against the backdrop of development of legal theory, it also has come to be increasingly interrelatedwith other disciplines such as working hour policy and equal employment policy. In addition, newwork hazard issues have been emerging which are hardly distinguishable from health hazard ones,
such as bile duct cancer problem and asbestos problem whose incubation periods are extremely long.
Nevertheless, ISHP problems have been usually treated as a branch of labor laws or social security
acts, and have rarely been discussed in the framework of labor policy or social policy. This paper
regards ISHP as a branch of labor policy and surveys its related issues from the standpoint of labor
policy. In the course of discussion, economic insights and statistical data are also utilized.
Specifically, economic interpretation of ISHP’s significance, basic legal systems of ISHP in Japan,
recent issues about ISHP such as mental health, power harassment and sexual harassment in theworkplaces, qualification procedures for work injuries are to be discussed.

11：30～12：50

Lunch Break13

Afternoon Session 1
12：50～14：50

テーマ別分科会・自由論題・国際分科会＜テーマ別分科会・No.4＞〔Irregular Forms of Works〕
A variety of labour problems in atypical workers
12：50～14：50【Building 2, RM101】
Chair：Yukiyoshi Watanabe（Doho University）
Coordinator： ITO Taichi（Osaka University of Economics）
In recent years, problems related to atypical labour are a serious issue in Japan in the 21st
century. The issues of independent, part-time, and non-regular workers as well as thire movement
are very diverse.
This session aims to discuss a variety of these problems with three presenters. The first presenter
discusses independent workers in the construction industry. The second presenter examines how
part-time care workers organize themselves into a union. Then the third presenter explains thecurrent status and suggests the outlook of possible future policies of labour union.

１．Study on reorganization process to the unstable employment layer of the Dependent Contractor
in the construction industry
Teppei Shibata（Graduate schools of Chuo university）
Construction industrial Dependent Contractor has been regarded as an independent
self-employed person conventionally. However, The Dependent Contractor has been prescribed in aprecedent study Unstable employment. Nevertheless, In the precedent study, it is unknown how
Dependent Contractor transformed from the independent self-employed person to an Unstable
employment.
Therefore, purpose of this study is to elucidate a factor of the reorganization to the unstable
employment layer of the Dependent Contractor. This study reveals that the following points.(1)Subcontracting of the Dependent Contractor in the building detached house section advanced to
becoming it with the autonomic weakening of the Dependent Contractor by innovation andmarket entry of the major construction company. (2) Becoming it progressed by the out-tasking of
the worker the Subcontracting of the Dependent Contractor in the large-scale construction section.
(3) The reason why becoming it went ahead through subcontracting of the Dependent Contractor isbecause the Dependent

２．The Work Demands and Unionization of the Part-time Workers Nakano Hiroshi（Ritsumeikan
University）
Construction industrial Dependent Contractor has been regarded as an independent14

self-employed person conventionally. However, The Dependent Contractor has been prescribed in aprecedent study Unstable employment. Nevertheless, In the precedent study, it is unknown how
Dependent Contractor transformed from the independent self-employed person to an Unstable
employment.
Therefore, purpose of this study is to elucidate a factor of the reorganization to the unstable
employment layer of the Dependent Contractor. This study reveals that the following points.
(1) Subcontracting of the Dependent Contractor in the building detached house section advanced
to becoming it with the autonomic weakening of the Dependent Contractor by innovation andmarket entry of the major construction company. (2) Becoming it progressed by the out-tasking of
the worker the Subcontracting of the Dependent Contractor in the large-scale construction section.
(3) The reason why becoming it went ahead through subcontracting of the Dependent Contractor isbecause the Dependent

３．An issue of developing a social movement unionism by atypical workers
KAWAZOE Makoto（Metropol Labor Union of Youth）
As atypical workers increase, An increasing poverty is also recognized as a serious social problem.
So, it is important for labour union to improve the labour conditions of atypical workers. However, it
is very difficult to deal with this problem.
The purpose of this report is to outline the actual state of labour movement by atypical workers inorder to suggest an outlook of possible future policies of labour union.

＜テーマ別分科会・No.5＞
Children’s Resiliency against Poverty: based on the research for the in-care staffs
12：50～14：50【Building 2, RM102】
Chair/ Coordinator：Uzuhashi, Takafumi （Faculty of Social Studies, Doshisha University）
Though children’s poverty has been well-known recently, discussion about how it should be
alleviated is not enough. This session examines the following issues based on the interview.
1) How should the notion Child poverty and “Resiliency against poverty /disadvantage / difficulties “ understood ?
2) How could we imagine the clinical support systems to care-leavers withchallenge?
3) Regarding the support by caregivers of residential care homes : Why is ‘life story
work’ important? When is it often practiced? What are the roles of caregivers?
１．Child Poverty and Children’s Resiliency against Poverty / Disadvantage / Difficulties
Uzuhashi, Takafumi （Faculty of Social Studies, Doshisha University）
In this presentation, some issues below described would be examined.
1) What is the difference between parents’ poverty and child poverty ?
2) How should child poverty itself be understood ?
153) Could child poverty understood as exclusion / deprivation from indispensable
resources ?
4) Could we reasonably imagine “ resiliency against child poverty ?
5) What is the difference between Competency and Resiliency and the relationshipbetween Resiliency and Self-esteem ?

２．The reality of working supports for handicapped children at children’s home :from results of interview for the staff at children’s home
Chiharu IMAI（Mukogawa Woman’s University,
Department of Education, School of Letters）
The children’s care home is the facility for independence which supports children in inappropriate
environment. For example, their parents are missing, or dead, or sick, or they are abused by theirparents. Therefore, they can hardly depend their parents, and when they leaves there at 18 years
old, they feel harder economically and mentally than ordinary children.
In recent years “independence” and “independent support” of care leavers are watched atchildren’s welfare territory. It is important that children in facilities can start working in this“independence” and “independent support”. Some documents is going to be also accumulated, but noclinical image about starting working support about a child with an obstacle also becomes clear
above all at inside. So in this research, I make the needs and difficulty about starting working, andreality of supports for them clear based on the information from interview to staffs of children’s carehome.

３．Roles of ’life story work’ in supporting young care leavers.
Hiromi Tanaka（Doshisha University,
Graduate School of Social Studies, Department of Social Welfare）
Due to increasing child abuse, low self-esteem of aid-requiring children is one of today’s greatest
concerns. It also seems to have an effect on difficulties they face after leaving social care. Against
this background, this presentation will attempt to examine the important role ‘life story work’ plays
in addressing these issues.
The results from interviews with caregivers of residential care homes focus on the following threepoints: (1) Why is ‘life story work’ important? (2) When is it often practiced? (3) What are the roles ofcaregivers? Based on this, the relationship between children understanding their own past and thestate of self-esteem will be investigated.

＜テーマ別分科会・No.6＞〔Employment and Social Security〕
Development of citizenship in the Japanese companies
12：50～14：50【Building 3, RM104】
Chair：Kimihiko Ishikawa（Meiji University, School of Business Administration）
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Coordinator：Kazuo Takada（Hitotsubashi University）
Discussant 1：Kimihiko Ishikawa（Meiji University,）
Discussant 2：SHIMABUKURO Takashi（OKINAWA University,
School of Law & Economics）
It is often said that the Japanese companies are closed entity and a kind of community. Recently,
however, some employees informed news media of hidden scandals of the companies. Governmentand business leaders stress compliance of firms, and promote CSR activities. Such facts depict new
tendencies of the Japanese companies, and it implies that the closeness is being weakened andgeneral values and ideas are intruding into the companies. Recent theory on civil society insiststhat civil society is separate and different to market and firms, and ignore market and firms, e.g., in
J. Habermas’ preface to the second edition of his the Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere,
We think that market and firms are indispensable part of the society, and cannot be ignored. Here,
we analyze recent changes in the Japanese companies to find that there are sure trend into
assimilation of values and ideas within companies to civil society, but still it is weak movement.

１．The development and future of CSR in Japan
Hashimura Masaya（Meiji University Graduate School）
Japanese companies and the management have been seen as closed. It is clear from many
researches that the Japanese companies have some analogy to community. The presentation is
focused on the development of CSR（Corporate Social Responsibility）to recognize a change in thecommunal character of the Japanese companies, and also discusses its effectiveness.
Today, there is a growing importance of CSR as the progress of globalization. Japanese companies
are required to respond to the demands from the international society as well as the domestic. In
regard to CSR, some researches indicates the limit of CSR. Are the Japanese companies doing wellabout CSR? In order to have meaningful and effective CSR, it is necessary for Japanese companies
to change their communal behavior into a new flexible one that can respond to various demands
from stake holders and general public. As an example for such effort, I discuss on the Japanesecompany which signed GFA (global framework agreement). It represents an effective aspect of CSR
in Japan, and reveals that the Japanese company is changing its attitudes from inward looking toopen and outward looking.

２．The Corporatist CSR in the EU countries and the Global Framework Agreements
Hayakawa Sachiko（Hiroshima International University）
The first Global Framework Agreement was set up in the EU. And most of the Agreements are
made by the EU countries, especially Germany and France. Of all 74 Agreements, 12 are concluded
by German companies, 11by French firms. Unlike the case of the Global Compact, they areconcluded between a global company and a Global Union Federation. Therefore, the types of labor
union have an effect on management of the agreements.
We analyze implementation of corporatist agreements in EU countries to make clear how
companies and unions activate the agreements. In particular, we will focus on worker protection.
17

Most Japanese companies have ignored the issue in CSR activities. This presentation and thenext by Ms. Watanabe will together reveal the effect of the agreement on the Japanese companies.

３．The meaning of signing Global Framework Agreement in Japan –An analysis on some GFAs
Watanabe Asami（Aomori University）
Since the 1990s, economy has changed globally and companies have more often changed theirplace for main production to have cheaper manpower. This change caused severe problem on thecorporate management, because the production processes and supply chain are quite complicatedand hard to manage. On the other hand, last two decades saw the emergence of Global
Framework Agreement (GFA) by labor and management. GFA is the agenda of action in which
company and the union cooperate to observe the eight ILO’s core treaties. It is a joint declaration oflabor and management to answer the social responsibility to keep decent work situation. In Japan,
there are only three Agreements: Takashimaya, Mizuno and AEON, signed respectively in 2007,2011 and 2014. From these cases, we will find the aim, reality, and meaning of GFA for theJapanese companies.

＜自由論題・No.3 ＞
Labor Market Policies
12：50～14：50【Building 1, RM301】
Chair：Masahi UEDA（Doshisha University）
1. The Development of Co-production Theory -From New Public Management to New Public
GovernanceOdamaki Tomoko（Ritsumeikan University, Graduate School of Economics
Doctoral program）
In general, the policies of “The Third Way” have been regarded in the same light that theyemphasize on the importance of roles of the third sector organizations. However it is recognizedthat “The Third Way” finally failed in the Blair-Clinton line, while it has been successful in Nordic
countries such as Sweden. This is a comparative study of the British and Swedish welfare service
system. “The Third Way” appeared as a response to the 1980s crisis in each country. The purpose ofthis study is to show the divergence of “The Third Way” in both theory and policy through theparadigm shift from New Public Management (NPM) to New Public Governance. On the other hand,
this study shows the convergence in practical aspects in the context of “co-production”.
Co-production means “it makes positive effect by user’s participation in the service production
process”. This study explains the entry policy of private providers in welfare services which has
been implemented to generate co-production in Sweden.

２．Toward building the new Japanese vocational education and training model－ comparing other countries’ vocational education and training models
18

Katsuhiko Iwata（National Institute for Educational Policy Research）
Skill development in Japan is heavily dependent on the training within the enterprises andemployees’ self-development. Because many Japanese school teachers are little aware of vocational
relevance of education, employers have small expectations for learning outcomes in schools andthese attitude adversely affects school education －these vicious circle has been build in therelation between schools and companies. Public vocational trainings which have implemented
complementary for non-skilled young people and displaced workers , are also less represented inJapan.
These present Japanese vocational education and training model mainly initiated by in-house
vocational training are becoming outdated under the recent structural change of population,families and labor market.
This paper discusses how we should realize the passage in Japan from the present vocational
education and training model to the integrated model of self-, mutual- and public help, comparing
other countries’ vocational education and training models.

３．An analysis of the Japanese employment insurance system as an active labor market policy
Yusuke Takahashi（Graduate School of economics, Kyoto University）
The author try to solve the problems about Employment insurance in terms ofanti-unemployment and capacity development for unemployment. Japanese government
implemented the revised law in employment insurance in 2014, in order to give more educational
training benefit. This reform in law will still need much improvement. Abe, Kurowsawa andToda(2004) demonstrate that Educational training benefit has influenced to the income. In thispaper, the author is conducting research how change one's job influence to the benefits, and try tofind some implication and challenges about existing employment insurance law.

＜自由論題・No.4 ＞
Medical Assistance
12：50～14：50【Building 1, RM302】
Chair：Takao KOIKE (Senshu University）
１．Does medical assistance create moral hazard problems? : An empirical analysisof medical expenses before and after starting public assistance in Japan
Yui Ohtsu（Rikkyo University）
With the rapid increase of public assistance recipients and its expenses, addressing medical
assistance, which accounts for about half of public assistance expenses, has become a crucial
political issue. In addition, the medical assistance expenses per capita is much higher than theJapan’s health care expenses per capita. Thus, the government has introduced a policy to prevent
excessive increases in medical assistance expenses, and additional changes, such as introducing
out-of-pocket expenses, have been discussed.
19

An analysis of these discussions shows that recipients of medical assistance are being
overtreated, that is, moral hazard occurs. However, even if such cases exist, it is unclear whether
they actually increase medical assistance expenses.
To answer this question, this study examines the volume of medical expenses before and after
starting public assistance. The results indicate that subjects with high medical expenses after
starting public assistance are more likely to have had high medical expenses before starting public
assistance.

２．Medical aid applied for forced psychiatric admission

under Public Assistance Act: A casestudy of administrative documents in 1959
Motoyuki Goto（National Institute of Mental Health, NCNP）

As of 2012, Japan has about 340,000 psychiatric beds, and the number of inpatients is morethan 300,000. As these are the world largest figures both in population ratio and absolute
number, transformation to the community healthcare is the urgent matter. This excessive stockof psychiatric beds was created mainly from the 1950s to 1970s, when the government support
for medical aid admission had critical importance for the medical costs under the Public
Assistance Act. Most of the admission was virtually compulsory under the Mental Hygiene Act.
However, previous studies have not fully explored the impacts of this sort of forced
hospitalization.
In my presentation, I will argue how medical aid admission was operated under the Public
Assistance Act and Mental Hygiene Act, and give statistical analysis on this issue. The main
source materials are the primary administrative documents from 1959, housed in the
Kanagawa Prefectural Archives.

＜自由論題・No.5＞
Social Policies in Korea
12：50～14：50【Building 1, RM203】
Chair： Utae MORI（Osaka University of Economics）
１ ． Who Should Carry Out Care-management in the Field of Korean Long-Term Care

Insurance?
HWANG Eunji（The University of Tokyo）

Korean long-term care insurance, which has been enforced since July 2008, is introduced as social
insurance similar to Japanese long-term care insurance. However, there is difference between those
two insurances in that Korean long-term care insurances does not implement the care-manager
certificate, intervening in applying for the insurance, assessing needs of the elderly, selecting andmaking contract with service providers. In other words, it indicates there is no professional to takeresponsibility to the process when the frail old people register to use long-term care services, eventhough the service providers are expected to handle it. This presentation is based on the interviews20

to social workers, caregivers and nurses working in various types of long-term care institutes. The
aim of this research is to clarify implementers of series of care management. As a result, there weresome cases that supervisors, such as social workers or nurses, were occasionally carrying out
assessment and outlining care plan. Moreover, monitoring the details of the services and making
contact with medical services were partially separated to caregivers. Accordingly, it is required to
introduce professionals who can provide integrated long-term care.

２．Process of Forming Labor Market for Care Workers in Korea
TOMOOKA YUKI（Ewha Womans University, Graduate School of Economics）
Korean care worker is referred as the non-standard worker who is enrolled in private humanresource management agency and who is hired by the agency. Non-standard employee is not able tobe applied the Labor Standard Act due to their status as a small business firm. There are criticalissues such as unstable recruitment, lower income, uninsured of employment insurance and unfair
served by the agency. Those non-standard employees are composed of Korean informal labor market.
To advance the environment of labor market, the municipal government, social enterprise orcooperative union aids social welfare benefits in public area.
The current report described the process of forming labor market for care workers in Korea. The
purpose of the report is to understand how to adhere non-standard employees in care workers’ labormarket, features of Korean care workers and the impact of these features on current care workers’
labor market in Korea.

３．A Study on Reorganization of Long-term Care Service Delivery System in Korea
KIM, Jimi（Kyungnam University）

The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the changes in the long-term care service
delivery system since the introduction of long-term care insurance in the latter half of the 2000s.
This study examines the Korean government's political counteractions to realize the pluralism of
the long-term care service, based on the theoretical frame of welfare pluralism. In sum, this study
determined the current state and the issues of the pluralism of long-term care services in Korea andKorean government's roles in terms of provision, finance, and regulations of the long-term service.

21

Afternoon Session 2
15：00～17：00

テーマ別分科会・自由論題・国際分科会＜テーマ別分科会・No.7＞
Rethinking “High Economic Growth” and “Japanese Employment Practices(JEPs)”
15：00～17：00【Building 2, RM101】
Chair/ Coordinator：ENDO

Koshi（Meiji University, School of Business Administration）“High Economic Growth” and “Japanese Employment Practices(JEPs)” are essential for aproper understanding of the postwar Japanese society. They have ever been discussed directly or
indirectly from various angles. Some may think all points to be discussed run out.
But, we think there still are important points not fully discussed so far. They are represented by
the keywords of “Self-employment” and “Final establishment.” We appreciate them in the courseof writing our new books. They are related each other. We want to deepen our consideration ofthem in the session. .
１．Schools, companies and self-employed in the era of high economic growth
NOMURA Masami（Tohoku University）
In the 1960s, Japan’s employment structure changed drastically, from self-employment
dominated society to employment dominated one. Though this societal transformation was paid
little attention at the time, it had big impact on social behavior of working people and students,from job-seeking to work ethics to career prospect. With the transformation of the society the
relationship between schools and labor market had to change, making schools difficult for adapting
to new needs and realities. In the presentation I will argue what economic and social changes in the
1960s really meant to Japan thereafter.

２．What time was the final establishment of JEPs?
ENDO Koshi（Meiji University）
There are many research literatures and theories on the “origin” of JEPs. In many literatures,the existence of JEPs is an already-known fact and then their “origin” becomes the researchquestion.
But, I think we have not yet been fully aware of the research question of what time the final
establishment of JEPs was. I will try to answer it in my presentation, discussing on the questionof what JEPs was and what research concern of JEPs was.
I realized the existence of question in the course of writing my new book called “Pay System in the
Age to Come.” I had the more consideration of question after publishing my new book, adding it to
my presentation in the session.

22

＜テーマ別分科会・No.8＞〔Public Health, Medicine, and Welfare〕
New Research Perspectives on Health Care Policy as Social Policy
15：00～17：00【Building 2, RM102】
Chair：TAKEGAWA, Shogo（University of Tokyo）
Coordinator：MATSUDA, Ryozo（College of Social Sciences, Ritsumeikan University）
Discussant：AOKI, Ikuo (Hannan Univeristy)
Health care is a complex field where many social institutions, including social securities, taxation,
local governments, and medical laws, are intertwined. New concrete challenges, constantly
emerging in the field, lead social policy researchers to focus on immediate challenges in healthcarethat societies face. Social policy research, however, has accumulated knowledge on health carefinancing, provision and regulations in welfare states. It also discusses different forms of caredelivery (formal vs informal care; self-care vs professional care) and different gender roles in them.
Those are, however, not intended to grapple with the problem of what is health care in welfare
states.
Consequently, although health care definitely has been an critical area for many welfare states,
there are few opportunities to examine new research perspectives and methods about healthcare in
welfare states. Considering those issues, this session examine new research perspectives to analyze
health care policy as social policy.

１．Health Care Policy and Social Policy
IKAI, Shuhei（Graduate school of Social Sciences, Hitotsubashi University）
Most of health care researchers have associated a change in Japan’s health care system with thecountry’s rapidly aging population, both of which came to be visible between the 1990s and the2000s. In fact, such perception has actually influenced the current mainstream health care policy,
the so-called “community-based integrated care policy.” The change in Japan’s health care system,
however, should be rather seen within a broader transition from a ‘welfare state’ to a ‘welfare
society’ since the 1970s. Exploring the common historical experiences both health care policy andsocial policy have underwent, this paper lays out a new possible approach to health care policy in asocial policy context.

２．Development of New Typologies of Health Systems of Welfare States
MATSUDA, Ryozo（Ritsumeikan University）
This paper first overviews various issues and methods of comparative studies on health systems.
Those studies: consider macro-level transformation of health systems; focus on such key parts ofhealth systems as benefit packages and payment methods; analyze health systems from anormative point of view, e.g. universalism; overview health systems to examine similarities anddifferences between them; and analyze a particular policy like palliative care policy,
The paper then examines recent research of studying macro institutional transformation of23

health systems, particular the typology of OECD health systems developed by Rothgang, Wendt
and his colleagues, contrasting them to typologies of welfare states. The typology classifies a healthsystem by detecting dominant actors among state, societal and private actors in each of three
dimensions (financing, service provision, and regulation) of health care system. Finally, the paper
discusses how the typology can be used to analyze Japanese health care when a significant amountof tax is input into compulsory health insurance.

＜テーマ別分科会・No.9＞〔Japan and East Asia, with International Exchange Committee〕
The restructure of social assistance in East Asian: The new exploration of Japan and China
15：00～17：00【Building 3, RM104】
Chair：Jie Shen（Japan Women’s University）
Coordinator：Min Zhu（Chiba University of Commerce）
Discussant 1：Takafumi Uzuhashi（Doshisha University）
Discussant 2：Kwansei Gaguin University（Masato Shikata）
Although China and Japan are the world’s second and the third largest economies, poverty is stilla serious social problem in these two countries. In China, Interim Measures for Social Assistance
was implemented on May1, 2014. And in Japan, Act on Self-Reliance Support For Poor and Needy
People will enter into force on April 1, 2015. How to establish the support system for all the poor,
the two countries are trying to start a new exploration.
We will have a overview of the new moments in China and Japan，and point out the direction forfurther development. First, Pro.Guan of Nankai University will analyze the historical development
and the current shortcomings of China’s social assistance, and propose building a “more active
social assistance system”. Next, Lecturer Iwanaga of Kanagawa University of Human Services will
examine trends and the process of change in the welfare system throughout the 2000s in Japan, andalso call for the Act on Self-reliance Support for Poor and Needy People.

１．The Reform and Development of China’s Social Assistance System
Xinping Guan （Nankai University, China）
As a result of the big development in the last two decades, a more completed social assistancesystem that includes 9 major projects has been established in China, which has been an importantpart of the whole social security system, playing a significant role in poverty alleviation process.
Facing the future development, however, there are still many shortcomings in this system, andfurther reform and development are needed. For this reason, based on the analyses of the historicaldevelopment and the current shortcomings of China’s social assistance, this paper will propose themain tasks of social assistance reform in the following 5 years, which will lead to a “more active
social assistance system”. In more details, several dimensions will be analyzed: changing the basic
ideology, increasing welfare level, improving project structure, enhancing administrative system,
more motivating to employment, and more coordinative to other projects in social security system.
24

２．The Fate of Public Assistance in Japan and the “Act on Self-Reliance Support
For Poor and Needy People”
Iwanaga Rie（Kanagawa University of Human Services）

The system of state welfare that was established after World War II was built upon theassumption that people has stable job and family. Changes in society inevitably impact thisassumption, which in turn impacts the ongoing effectiveness of the system of state welfare that wasestablished after the war. For this reason, social welfare policies must be amended to reflect thechanged circumstances of contemporary society. Japan is in a situation where leaders are seeking a
new direction for the Support System for Poor and Needy People, which to this point has focused on
public assistance initiatives.
This report examines trends and the process of change in the welfare system throughout the
2000s. In addition, this report calls for the Act on Self-reliance Support for Poor and Needy People
to be fully implemented by April 2015. How this implementation will be achieved is not yet clear.
This report considers this question in the context of the trends in the continuing evolution of the
public assistance system.

＜自由論題・No.6
Labor Process＞
15：00～17：00【Building 1, RM301】

Chair： Koichi MATSUO（Aoyama Gakuin University）
１． An autonomy of IT-workers in the middle and lower processes of software development
Mikamoto, Satomi（Graduate School of Social Sciences, Hitotsubashi University）
This presentation aims at clarifying what is the autonomy that IT-workers have in the middle
and lower processes of software development. Previous studies about IT-workers discuss the issue
from the assumption that their working is autonomous. In general, an autonomy is used in ameaning that it is not intervened their work discretion by their boss. However the concept ofautonomy is not arranged enough from the point of view of multi-layered subcontract structure.
Especially, in lower processes, the worker’s discretion is more and more limited. Therefore, in thispresentation, I consider the autonomy in the middle and lower processes based on a hierarchy
characteristic of such a production structure through interview investigation.

２． Changes in labor management during the upper process of software development
Hasebe, Hiromichi（Graduate School of Social Sciences, Hitotsubashi University）
This presentation is aimed at clarifying changes in labor management during the upper processof software development from the late 1980s until the 2010s. Until the mid-1980s, Japanesesoftware companies were trying to manage development directly, from the point of view of25

production rationalization. However, such management did not proceed well, and instead,managers tended to rely heavily on autonomous activities of project members in the 1990s. Besides,
companies that were focusing on the upper process and those that were focusing on the middle andlower process, were segregated in the multi-layered subcontracting structure. The former
companies tended to design specifications without proper technical knowledge, so that the lattercompanies were forced to resolve inherent problems of the upper process' design. Why and how did
such situations occur? This presentation will clarify the labor management problem from this pointof view.

３ ． Characteristics of the retail industry andthe mechanism for structuring employment

portfolios
Kasumi Nomura（The Japan Institute for Labor Policy and Training）
From an interview survey conducted as part of the “Study on Employment Portfolio Structuring”
project by the Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training since 2009, it has been demonstrated
that the structuring process for achieving a diverse manpower composition within a company, andthe factors that regulate it, consist of (1) financial factors aiming for better cost efficiency with aview to greater operating profit, and (2) factors corresponding to the nature and content of thebusiness. Given the attention paid to service labor, this report focuses on the large-scale retailindustry. Based on the case studies of two department stores and two general supermarkets, it
analyzes how companies in different business categories structure their manpower composition.
Considering the special nature of the retail industry, one aim when conducting this analysis is tospecifically clarify points that could not be analyzed within the framework of manpower
management research, where the focus is on manufacturing industries. In the retail industry,
moreover, it has been shown that the manpower composition differs from company to company,
regardless of business category. The determinants behind this will be analyzed exploratively, withfocus on qualitative aspects of sales counter personnel.

＜自由論題・No.7 ＞
Socially-Disadvantaged People
15：00～17：00【Building 1, RM302】
Chair：Koichi OGIHARA（日本福祉教育専門学校）
１．Long-term impact of the disaster: A quantitative analysis of a public revival resident survey
Yuko Tamiya・Chiharu Nishigaki（Kobe Gakuin University）
It has 20 years since the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. Among the victims who lost theirhomes by the earthquake, some were able to rebuild the home, others did not allow reconstructtheir house and moved to public revival housing. This housing policy resulted in concentration ofvulnerable households in revival housing. In this context, this paper examines long-term effects of adisaster on vulnerable people’s daily life by using quantitative data. The data were collected by
Tarumi Social Welfare Council and Tarumi City in September 2014. The questionnaire was directed26

at one revival housing in Kobe. This study focuses on family situation, awareness of living
environment and relations with neighbors. In addition, we illustrate some features of the tenants ofthe earthquake victims by comparing with non-victims who have moved into the housing regardlessof the disaster. We finally show policy implications for the post-disaster housing policy from theanalysis.
２．About the current state of the Silver Human Resources Center
Kazuyoshi Ozawa（Hosei University Graduate School of Social Governance）
Silver Human Resources Center was founded as the "elderly Agency" in Tokyo in 1975.Its purpose
is to obtain a meaningful life by working. The center has a philosophy. It is voluntary andindependence and cooperating with assistance. The center has about 80 million members andAnnual contract performance of about 300 billion yen. Many of the members have engaged in
temporary, easy and short time jobs. They are contracted from home or companies or public office.
The main operations are focused around providing members (elderly people) with work thatmatches their wishes and skills. In Japan's ageing society, this is a structure expected to be capableof changing the elderly from "people who are supported by the local community" to "people who
support the local community". I will report the current state of the Silver Human Resources
Center.

３．Policy issues for supporting the work life of disabled people in local communities: Focusing on
Employment and Life Support Centers for Persons with Disabilities
Emoto Junko（Prefectural University of Hiroshima Faculty of Health and Welfare）
Occupation is important for individuals over the course of life and is inseparable from daily lifeand develops in stages covering a large part of the lifespan. In the 21st century, the employment of
disabled people is increasingly emphasized, which is a drastic change from earlier years withdelayed policies on disability and labor. In this earlier context, top priority was given to getting a job
while discussion about occupation did not fully consider the connection with daily life or its positionin the lifespan. Today, Employment and Life Support Centers for Persons with Disabilities(ELSCPDs), as the chief organization working with persons with disabilities, support theoccupations of disabled people from a comprehensive perspective. In 2013, I investigated ELSCPDs
in Osaka and found that their support was largely influenced by local population size, conditions ofother social resources, supporting history and other factors. This report presents the results of theinvestigation and then discusses policy issues for promoting effective support for individuals withdisabilities.

＜自由論題・No.8＞
Welfare Policies
15：00～17：00【Building 1, RM203】
Chair： Mayumi Oshio（Ryukoku Univsersity）
１．Analysis of women`s problem and family policy in USSR
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Mircha Anton（Osaka City University）
The purpose of this paper is to make thorough analysis and evaluation of features of family
policy in USSR history. Three periods are suggested. First of the period is called as “Early socialism
and first attempts”, second one is “Before and after World War II”, and the last one is marked out as“Cold War Period”. In the study author tries to introduce and think about features, reasons andmain background of family policy and also takes into consideration women`s problems.

２．A Study of Policies Changes for the Declining Birthrate;－An examination of the Child Benefits and the Child-care Leave －Hisayo NOSHIRO（The department of Human and Cultural Sciences ,Aikoku Gakuen University）
In this treatise I want to examine the various countermeasures put in place by the Japanese
government to counter the declining fertility rate, particularly the Chile Benefits and theChild-care Leave. In addition, I want to examine how these countermeasures have changed
during approximately the last 25years.

３．The Japanese model of welfare society and the transformation of welfare policy
Takayuki Hirosawa（Fukuoka Univ. ）The reorganisation process of welfare state in the 1980s was characterised by a penetration ofneoliberalism. But in Japan the transformation of welfare policy in the 1980s was attempted from a
political viewpoint which would construct the Japanese model of welfare society.
The Japanese model of welfare society which was asserted by the LDP, aimed to control the
expansion of welfare policy budget in the 1970s, and had a distinct political purpose as fellows.
(1)Re-include labours in the corporate dominated society and reconstruct the male breadwinnermodel complemented by some fringe benefits inside corporations. (2)Control some public expenses
such as welfare, medical, education by emphasising the importance of self-help effort. (3)Rule local
governments by diminishing a treasury disbursement for public assistance and reorganise the LDP
ruled regime by supplying much public enterprise money.
This report indicates that the political process of transformation of welfare policy in the 1980s,
especially a revision of public assistance and social assurance, taxation system was key factor toprevent the reformation of social security system in contemporary Japan.

17：00～18：15
JASPS General Assembly【Building 1, RM302】
Non-members of JASPS do not attend the general assembly.
18：30～20：00
JASPS Party (Konshinkai)
You will be directed to the university coop cafeteria.

28【University Coop Cafeteria 】

Program on June 28 (Sunday)
Plenary Session will be held in Japanese. The venue is at Senshu University

10：00～16：00

Plenary Session (Morning and Afternoon Sessions)

Theme: Social Security /Social Care Reform and Local Government
Chair: Michihiko Tokoro (Osaka City University)
Speakers:
Namiko NUMAO (Nihon University)
Nubuhiro INOUE (Shinshu University)
Yusuke KAKITA (Oita University)
Ken TAKIWAKI(Hurusatonokai)
Commentator:
Taro MIYAMOTO (Chuo University)(12：10～13：30

Lunch Break)29

Campus Map (Ochanomizu University)

Reception desk (the first floorof this building, marked ④)
Note: South Gate is closed.

Building No.1 (marked ⑤ in the map)
(International sessions will held in this building)

University Coop (the party will be held in this building, marked ⑩

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in the map)

Floor Layouts of Building 1, Ochanomizu University
共通講義棟 1 号館(Building Number 1)2 階 (second floor) 分科会・自由論題、幹事会、各種委員会、休憩室

３階 (third floor) 分科会・自由論題
International sessions will be held here (room 303)

31

Map Around the University
Main Gate

Please use the Main Gate (East Gate).

The South Gate is closed.

32