東京理科大学「火災安全科学研究拠点」■研究成果概要報告書
研究課

ベッドマットレスの ISO 試験法による題

火災リスク評価に関する研究所属

Fire Insurers Laboratories of Korea

氏名PARK, Kye-Won (朴 桂 源)実 施 年 度
平成２４年度

研究代表者

１．研究の背景および目的
Mattress and bedding fires are a major contributor to residential fire deaths. A
significant portion of these deaths and injuries results from fires in which thebedclothes are ignited, and those flames ignite the mattress or foundation. Thus,
reducing bed mattress’s fire risk in advance is very important to minimize residential
fire casualties.
In this study, apparatus of the current ISO standard test method for measuring
heat release rate of mattresses will be established, and fire risk on different size of bed
mattresses will be assessed in real scale. And its results will be compared with theexisting test results conducted by FILK. Reproducibility will be confirmed preliminary
and reported to ISO TC92 SC1. This information provided there will be useful formaking an implementation manual of the scheduled round robin test in 2013.
２．研究成果および考察（申請時の計画に対する達成度合いも含む）※継続課題の場合は，前年度との関係性，進展度合いについても記載すること。
2.1) To make up the burner system as test apparatus- Mattress burner system consisted of mainly three parts which are two pilot burners
with manual ignitions, adjustable steel frame and Mass-Flow-Controller as figure 1.
This system was exactly based on ISO 12949 and 16 CFR Part 1633(Consumer Product
Safety Commission’s standard for bed mattress test method). Burner is designed toprovide LP gas automatically using Mass-Flow-Controller as described in table 1.
Table 1 Gas providing time in Burner

Burnerflow(L/min)± (L/min)

HRR from the burner

Ignition timeTop

12.9

0.1

18 kW

70 secondSide6.60.059 kW50 secondBurner system design by 3D solidworks software

Figure 1 Burner system for bed mattress (entire photo : MFC photo : Burner head photo)

2.2)

To select mattress specimen for the assessment- For making test, totally six bed mattresses were selected, where there 2 kinds(one ofgeneral mattress and the other kind of fire retardant mattress) of mattresses with thesize of 1 100 mm * 2 000 mm * 280 mm whose dimension is called ‘super single size’.

Figure 2 Example of Fire Retardant mattress’s manufacturing progress

2.3)

To conduct 6 cases’ bed mattresses in real scale under 3MW open calorimeter- 6 cases’ bed mattresses are listed as table 2. No. 1 ~ No. 3 are FR(Fire Retardanttreated) bed mattresses and No. 4 ~ No. 6 are not FR treated. Aluminum foil was usedon the floor only in case of No. 1 and No. 2 with the distance from the aluminum foil tothe undersurface of mattress. Aluminum foil was intended to adapt for the purpose ofeasily cleaning the floor in the test place. But while testing in No. 1 & No. 2, so much of
the heat released from the aluminum foil has influenced on the mattress’s HRR data.
So, the test result has some possibility to include the heating effect from aluminum foil
other than HRR of mattress itself. Therefore it has been decided to remove thealuminum foil and to secure enough space from the floor so as to prevent re-radiation
heating effect from the aluminum foil.
Table 2 test condition for 6 mattressesNo.
123456設置高さ アルミ箔
[mm]
[-]
115
○115
○315×315×315×315×

難燃処理
[-]
○○
○×××

総発熱量 発熱速度 表面・裏面温度
[MJ]
[kW]
[℃]
×○○×○○
×
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
×
○
○

- Basically, measurement in test were made regarding HRR(Heat Release Rate, unit ofkW), THR(Total Heat Release, unit of MJ) and flame spread speed on the upper surfaceof mattress (unit of mm/s). In addition, temperature using thermocouples were done
only in case of No. 5, No. 6 for analyzing the heat transfer effect between upper part ofmattress and lower part.

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2.4)

Result of HRR (Heat Release Rate)- HRR data for 600s was selected for analysing as table 3 and figure 3. Normal mattress such as
No. 4, 5, and 6 shows peak HRR of more than 3 000 kW in 600s. Each of them also shows
FIGRA(peak HRR divided by the very elapsed time) of 12.5 kW/s, 12.2 kW/s, and 16.4 kW/s,
where it means that the speed of heat release is supposed to be as rapid as of more than 10kW persecond. THR(Total Heat Release) was measured of more than 350 MJ in 600s.
4,000
HRR [kW]

3,500
3,000

No.5
No.4

No.6

2,500
2,000

No.1

No.2

1,500

No.3

1,000
500
00.0

100.0200.0300.0

400.0

500.0

600.0

time[s]Figure 3 HRR graphs of six mattresses in 600s- Among fire retardant mattress, No. 1 and No. 2 showed 1 180 kW and 1 374 kW respectively.
These HRR value is more than twenty times of No. 3 which was peak HRR of 55.9 kW. In thereview of THR, the gap is extremely deep between No.1(THR of230.7 MJ) & No.2(THR of 249.5

MJ) and No.3(16.8 MJ).
Table 3 Results for HRR, FIGRA, and THR
No. 1No. 2No. 3No. 4No. 5No. 6Yes

Yes

YesNoNoNoDistance *1) [mm]115115315

315315315

Peak HRR in 600s [kW]1 180.2

1 374.5

55.9

3 278.7

3 310.1

3 610.5

Elapsed time [s]

434.0

360.0

418.0

262.0

272.0

220.0

FIGRA [kW/s]

2.7

3.8

0.1

12.5

12.2

16.4

THR in 600s [MJ]

230.7

249.5

16.8

353.1

370.3

362.9

Fire retardanttreatment*1) Distance is from ground to the below surface of mattress. Only two cases such as No.1 and No 2 applied Aluminium foil on the mattress frame- It is presumed that much higher THR result of No. 1 and No. 2 than No. 3 comes from higher
heating by the melted material burning on the floor due to lower height between floor andundersurface of bed mattress, and by the re-radiation effect due to aluminum foil which is able tosecure the floor of silicate calcium board against the thermal radiation from the mattress flame.
Aluminum foil made the flame droplets below the mattress remain hot, and therefore magnify thetotal heat release. For preventing the effect of re-radiation, reflecting materials such as aluminum
foil should be removed.

2.5) Result of temperature in No. 4 & No. 5- 10 thermo couples were installed in both of mattress frame and mattress surface in case of No. 4and No. 5 which are not of fire retardant treatment. (Measurement of temperature was focused
mainly on normal mattress rather than fire retardant mattress such as No. 1, 2 and 3)
No.4 mattress top surface tempeature

No.4 mattress undersurface tempeature

1200.01200.01000.0

No.1
No.2

800.0

No.3
No.4

600.0

No.5
No.6

400.0

Temperature[℃]

Temperature[℃]

1000.0

No.1
No.2

800.0

No.3
No.4600.0

No.5
No.6

400.0

No.7

No.7

200.0

200.0

No.8
No.9

0.00.0100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0time[s]

No.8
No.9

0.0

No.10

0.0

No.10

No.5 mattress top surface tempeature

No.5 mattress undersurface tempeature
1200.01200.0

800.0

No.3
No.4

600.0

No.5

400.0

No.6

Temperature[℃]

No.2

No.1

1000.0No.1

1000.0Temperature[℃]

100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0
time[s]

No.2

800.0

No.3
No.4

600.0

No.5

400.0

No.6
No.7

No.7

200.0

No.8
No.9

0.00.0100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0time[s]

No.10

200.0

No.8
No.90.00.0

100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0time[s]No.10Figure 4 Temperature graph on mattress frame and mattress top surface in case of No. 4 and No. 5- According to Figure 4, temperature on mattress frame ranges 600 ℃ to 1 000 ℃ as regularly
clustered shape on the moment of around 300s. Comparatively, surfaces temperature distributes
diversely depending on elapsed time. It means that opposite side from the top surface of mattresstend to accumulate heats transferred from the top surface.
2.6)

Result of Flame spread speed- The flame spread speed on the top surface is as below. No. 1’s flame spread on top surface(widthof 1 100 mm of mattress has reached at the opposite side in 6 minute which means the average flame
spread speed of 3.1 mm/s. Results are in the table 4 as below. Mattress without fire retardant
treatment such as No. 4, 5 and 6 shows very rapid average flame spread of 5.2 mm/s (on average) on
top surface. Compared to No. 3(fire retardant), at best, there are 4 times of Flame spread’s gap in
No. 4. That means that much more of evacuation time could be given in case of fire retardant
mattress compared to normal mattress.

Table 4 Results for flame speed on top surface

Case No.

Distance [mm]Elapsed time [min:sec]

Speed [mm/s]

No. 1

1 100

6:00

3.1

No. 2

1 100

4:55

3.7

No. 3

1 100

14:54

1.2

No. 4

1 100

3:42

4.9

No. 5

1 100

3:38

5.0

No. 6

1 100

3:12

5.7

- The peak HRR is ordered as No. 6 > 5> 4>2>1>3 and the flame speed also shows the same order of
No. 6>5>4>2>1>3. Therefore, the tendency of peak HRR could be identified with flame spread.

Figure 5

No. 1 photos in test(start : peak : end)

Figure 6

No. 3 photos in test(start : peak : end)

Figure 7

No. 6 photos in test(start : peak : end)

- From the moment of flame’s reaching at the opposite side of top surface, whole materials of bed
mattress were combusted within 2 minutes such as figure 8. Further, flame droplets below mattressin No. 4, 5 and 6 tend to accelerate its flame spread on surface which can be said as heating effect byburning of the melted material on the floor.

2min 30sec
Figure 82.7)

Comparison

result4min 30sec

Thermal transmittance situation ofNo. 4with FILK’s test data

- In TUS, Non-FR mattresses such as No. 4, 5 and 6 were tested until the combustion ofentire mattress without extinguishment. Meanwhile, In FILK, Non-FR mattresses wereextinguished by water-suppression. Two institutes’ data for Non-FR mattress is of alittle limitation for comparison. But, No. 3 of TUS and FR mattresses of FILK could bemade in comparison for HRR results such as peak HRR and THR as table 5.
Table 5 Results for HRR, THR in No.3 of TUS and FR 1, 2, 3, of FILK
No. 3 of TUS

FR 1 of FILKFR 2 of FILKFR 3 of FILK

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Distance *1) [mm]315315315315

Peak HRR in 600s [kW]55.95847

43

Elapsed time [s]

418.0

8072

89

FIGRA [kW/s]

0.1

0.72

0.65

0.48

THR in 600s [MJ]

16.8

18.6

13.7

13.9

Fire retardant

treatment- Peak HRR on average of FILK’s FR 1, FR 2 and FR 3 is 49.3 kW and, THR on average
is 15.4 MJ. Compared to No. 3 of TUS’s peak HRR (55.9 kW), there is the peak HRR’sgap of 6.6 kW. With respect to THR, there has the gap of 1.4 MJ between No. 3 of TUS
and the average THR of FILK. Generally, it could seem that such gap regarding HRR &THR would not be of so much difference in real scale test trial.

2.8)-Summary & Discussion

Normal bed mattress without any fire retardant treatment is of peak HRR of more than 3 MW

before 300s. It is suggestive the fact that Once normal bed mattress is ignited, only a few minutes areallowable for evacuation of occupants. Therefore, it’s very important to prevent the ignition of bed
mattress, otherwise adapt the fire retardant bed mattress in residential house.
-When trying ISO 12949, Aluminium foil should not be adapted on the floor since it may

influence the HRR result such as re radiation of HRR. In this experiment, enough distance (i.e, 315mm) from the ground to mattress is recommended for the purpose of preventing heating effects fromthe flame droplet on the floor.
-Concerning flame spread’s speed, No. 3(FR mattress) shows the latest speed of 1.2 mm/s, while

No. 6(without FR treatment) was the fastest of 5.7 mm/s. That means that much more of evacuation
time could be given in case of fire retardant mattress compared to normal mattress.
4) Order of HRR has an agreement of flame spread in order in six cases’ mattress. This implies that
HRR index can replace of flame spread, even HRR could be modified into THR and FIGRA.
Measurement of HRR could be said to be very important, useful, and informative in thereaction-to-fire test of bed mattress.
-Compared to FILK’s test data, peak HRR shows the gap of 6.4 kW and THR’s gap of 1.4 MJ

between two institutes’ test data.
2.9)

providing some information of ISO round robin toward ISO TC92 in 2013

- On April 10th, 2013, ISO TC92 SC1 (Fire safety – fire initiation & growth) meeting washeld in DIN, Germany. I attended at the WG7 meeting and made presentation for ISO
Round Robin status in ‘Any Other Business session’ of WG7, where the current bedmattress RRT’s schedule and participant institutes were introduced. I also requested
that this RRT should be under preliminary New Working Item Proposal at WG7. ISOmembers made agreement on my suggestion. So, If some meaningful result from thisRRT comes out, this RRT item seems to be under prliminary NWIP from next ISOmeeting.

※スペースが足りない場合はページを増やしても構いません。
３．経費の使用状況
消耗品費・会議費・印刷費等

事

項

ベッド燃焼

金額(千円)

事

旅費

項

金額(千円)

人事項

件

費
金額(千円)

194

実験用テストフレー
ム・架台
燃焼用ベッ306

ドマットレス
計

500

計計

４．今後の展望（今後の発展性，見込み等についても記述）- This was the first trial for bed mattress fire test based on ISO 12949.
- In future, heat effect on compartment space from the bed mattress could be conducted
and through this experiment, the critical HRR from the bed mattress which can be
influenced to the big damage(i.e flashover phenomenon) of a room would be checked inoverall point of view. Further, such information is able to provide to save evacuation
time for occupants in building environment.
- With respect to ISO TC92 SC1, it seems that RRT for bed mattress is progressing
without any problem and this autumn, thus some useful test data from each participant
institute would come up. Therefore, Precision data(analytical) and some useful noticefor making test through this RRT could be reflected to ISO 12949 standard.

５．成果の公表状況（学会への発表，学術誌への投稿等を記述。予定も含む）
1)

Kye-Won PARK, Woon-Hyung KIM, Yoshifumi Ohmiya, “Research for assessment onreal scale bed mattress in fire”, 2012 International Conference on Fire Science and Disaster
Management, October of 2012, Taiwan, 3-1~3-7p.
2)

Kye-Won PARK, “Assessment of Flame spread on Bed mattress through Reaction-to-fireanalysis”, 2012 SSS(Society for standards and standardization) autumn conference of Korea, Oct.
11th of 2012, 328~335p.
3)

Kye-Won PARK, “Description of measurement module for reaction-to-fire index on realscale bed mattress”, 2012 SSS(Society for standards and standardization) autumn conference ofKorea, Oct. 11th of 2012, 623~627p.
4)Kye-Won PARK, Jae-gun JEONG, “Correlation analysis on HRR & SPR on real scale bed

mattress’s fire test”, 2012 Proceeding of Fall annual conference of Korean Institute of Fire Science& Engineering, Nov. 15th of 2012, 149~152p.
5)

Kye-Won PARK, Jae-gun JEONG, “Experimental study on the reaction-to-fireperformance of bed mattress in real scale”, 2012 Proceeding of Spring annual conference of Korean
Institute of Fire Science & Engineering, May 3rd of 2012, 38~42p.
6)

Kye-Won PARK, Jae-gun JEONG, “Description on assessment system of bed mattress’s

fire safety in real scale”, 2012 Proceeding of Spring annual conference of Korean Institute of Fire
Science & Engineering, May 3rd of 2012, 329~332p.
7)

Kye-Won PARK, Jae-gun JEONG, “Study on Fire safety test method for the bed mattress”,

2012 Proceeding of Spring annual conference of Korean Institute of Fire Science & Engineering,May 3rd8)of 2012, 325~328p.
木村和貴, Kye-Won Park, 大宮喜文, 水野雅之, “ISO 12949 に基づいたベッドマットレスの燃焼実験

その 1 研究背景と実験手法 “,AIJ,

August of 2013, (expected)9) Kye-Won PARK, Kazutaka Kimura, Yoshifumi Ohmiya, Masayuki Mizuno , YoshihikoHayashi, “Combustion Experiment of bed Mattress based on ISO 12949: Part 2 – results &discussion from real scale fire test”, AIJ, August of 2013, (expected)10) Kye-Won PARK, Jae-Gun JEONG, “Study on Uncertainty of HRR for real scale bed
mattress’s fire test”, April 18th of 2013, 103~104p.
※上記 5 に記載された成果公表については，別刷１部を研究事務課まで提出願います。PDFファイル等の電子データでも構いません。
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