ORGANIC ANALYSES IN MICROMETEOROIDS CAPTURED BY “TANPOPO” MISSION
MITA, Hajime
Department of Life, Environment, and Materials Science
Faculty of Engineering
Fukuoka Institute of Technology
3-30-1, Wajiro-Higashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 311-0295, Japan
mita@fit.ac.jp(Received February 6, 2009; Accepted February 10, 2009)(Abstract)
Analyses of organic compounds in theextraterrestrial materials, e. g. carbonaceouschondrites, micrometeorites, and cometary dust, areimportant for the study of origins of life on the Earth,since the terrestrial living organisms are formed byhighly organized organic compounds and, organic
compounds and their source materials should betransported into the Earth from the outside of the
Earth. To avoid the contaminants from the terrestrialorganisms is the most important for organic analysesof the extraterrestrial materials. Therefore, intact
micrometeoroids captured on the exposure facility of
the “Kibo” module at the International Space Station
by “TANPOPO” mission are suitable for the
astrobiological studies concerning with origins of life.
In this review, organic analyses of extraterrestrial
materials are summarized and tasks for the analysesof organic compounds in the sub-mm sized
micrometeoroids, especially captured particles in the“TANPOPO” mission, are described.
(Keywords)
TANPOPO, Organic compound analyses, meteorite,
micrometeoride“2$$¥Îè”±¼Ìj´y XÓôß¸ċÒ|Ñàà811-0295 ßÛß³p}Ø³ 3-30-1
mita@fit.ac.jp
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- 83 -

Viva Origino 36 (2008) 83-93
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Fig. 1. Characteristic structures of amino acids
detected in the carbonaceous chondrites.

Table 1 Concentrations of amino acids detected in various carbonaceous chondrites.
-1

C#
C2
C3

C4

C5

C6

Amino acid
Glycine
Alanine-Alanine
N-Methylglycine
Serine2-Aminobutyric acid
2-Aminoisobutyric acid
3-Aminobutyric acid
3-Aminoisobutyric acid
4-Aminobutyric acid
Aspartic acidThreonine
Norvaline
ValineIsovaline
Glutamic acid
ProlineLeucineIsoleucine
Alloisoleucine
2-Aminoadipic acid
Refernce

Murchison
96.0
43.3
15.2
14.4
16.1
100.2
5.2
3.8
23.1
5.1
13.3
11.3
23.2
23.5

Concentration / nmol g
MurrayAllende
3.0
0.19
1.3
0.085
1.2
0.16*

0.5
11.4
0.3
1.6

0.010
0.005
-

0.9
1.6
0.1

0.060
-

3.6
24

0.014
0.016*

13

22

Y-791198
98
50
15
8.0
2.3
47
360
8.8
8.6
4.9
1.5
14
14

Y-74662
34
13
14
5.4
0.2
6.7
3.7
*
17*
1.2
0.2

ALH-77306
18.3
3.8
3.3

3.4

7.0
13
2.3
5

4.0

0.6
1.2
1.8

1.3
2.2
2.7

0.1

23

24

13
27

1.4
2.6
1.1
0.6
1.8
1.0
-

Empty column: no description in the reference; -: no or very small signal; *: with some uncertainty of identification or quantification.

-84-

Viva Origino 36 (2008) 83-93

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Yamato-793321 Ú¦¼uÐ
1.6Ø×'.*Ú1NFÎ h-  [34]Û
*ÚTagish Lake Ô³'Ú¦¼uÐ 3.6Ø× Ú)+s±¿*-,'Ó.*1NFÎh- [35]Û-*1NFÎh§ÚÔ³ aX¢¨b®),¿*-,Û

D-amino acid

Fig. 2. Enantiomeric structures of amino acids.
D-form is a mirror image of L-form, when amirror is placed at the line at center of the figure.

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Table 2. Enantiomeric excessess of L-amino acids in the Murchison and Murray meteorites.
Enantiomer excesses of L-amino acid / %Amino acid

Murchison

Murray2S,3S/2R,3R

7.0

1.0

2S,3R/2R,3S

9.1

2.2

2-Amino-2,3-dimethylpentanoic acid

2-Amino-2-methylpentanoic acid

2.8

1.4

2-Amino-2-methylbutyric acid (isovaline)

8.4

6.0

2-Amino-2,3-dimethylbutyric acid

2.8

1.0

2-Amino-2-methylhexanoic acid

4.4

1.8

2-Aminopentanoic acid (norvaline)

0.4

0.8

2-Aminobutyric acid

0.4

-0.4

Alanine1.2

0.4

Valine2.2-0.4

Data from Ref. 30, 31.

-85-

Viva Origino 36 (2008) 83-93

Fig. 3. Characteristic structures of carboxylic acids and other acidic compounds detected in the carbonaceouschondrites.

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æÁ Yamato-791198 'ð9Q0â(C2)'.
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ât¬c'kî·Ûð '» rÎ$)ñ
2.3. §âÇ-86-

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2.4. µn°É
 ¹ºðÏÍ µn°ÉðÏÍâÐµâð '¶iÖ&(»Ì'*(ðÁ²]ið£­¹nãÔÂÆÚ(ðéÂÆ *)ñð¹Á²+Ü³)±¦ojç#ðµÉÛæÁ\ÏÍ µn°Éi¤ÂÆxñ
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Viva Origino 36 (2008) 83-93

Table 3. Concentrations of carboxylic acids and other acidic compounds detected in carbonaceous chondrites.
Concentrations
Compounds
Monocarboxylic acids in/ nmol g-1

Yamato-74662*

Acetic acid (C 2)

Compounds

Concentrations / nmol g-1

Dicarboxylic acids inYamato-791198 & Murchison**Oxialic acid

1900

2100

20.1

Propionic acid (C 3)

11.4

Malonic acid20

96

Butyric acid (C 4)

12.2

Succinic acid21

97

Methylpropionic acid (C4)

4.5

Methylmalonic acid

3.7

9.2

Pentanoic acid (C 5)

4.2

Glutaric acid

6.5

24

2- & 3-Methylbutyric acid (C5)

4.9

2-Methylsuccinic acid16

48

Dimethylpropionic acid (C5)2.2Ethylmalonic acid

2.3

2.3

Hexanoic acid (C 6)

7.4

Adipic acid

2.3

5.8

2-Methylpentanoic acid (C 6)

1.1

2-Metylglutaric acid

<0.1

<0.4

3-Methylpentanoic acid (C6)

1.5

3-Methylglutaric acid

3.1

15

4-Methylpentanoic acid (C6)0.9

2,2-Dimethylsuccinic acid

1.4

8.8

2,3-Dimethylbutyric acid (C6)0.5

meso-2,3-Dimethylsuccinic acid

0.39

1.8

2-Ethylbutyric acid (C6)

0.5

D,L-2,3-Dimethylsuccinic acid

1.0

5.9

Heptanoic acid (C 7)2.9Ethylsuccinic acid

3.8

14

Octanoic acid (C 8)

5.7

Pimeric acid

0.9

1.9

2-Ethylhexanoic acid (C 8)

18.6

2-Methyladipic acid

0.7

1.6

Nonaoic acid (C 9)

11.7

3-Methyladipic acid

0.9

1.9

Decanoic acid (C 10)

2.3

Ethylglutaric acid

n.d.

2.9

Undecanoic acid (C 11)

0.5

Suberic acid

0.3

1.7

Dodecanoic acid (C 12)

2.6

Azelaic acid

0.3

3.2

Fumaric acid

<1.5

<8.1

Benozic acid and its derivatives in Y-74662*
Benzoic acid

8.7

Maleic acid

0.3

1.0

o-Methylbenzoic acid

0.3

Itaconic acid

<0.1

<0.4

m-, & p-Methylbenzooic acid

1.5

Citraconic acid

3.7

19

Phenol in         Yamato-74662*

Phthalic acid in    Yamato-791198 & Murchison**PhenolPhthalic acid

n.d.

3.2

3.2

*Data from Ref. 38; **Data from Ref. 40; n.d.: not determined.

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Viva Origino 36 (2008) 83-93

Table 4. Nitrogenous bases and their related compounds detected in carbonaceous chondrites.
Compounds

Chondrites

Contents

References

Base
AdenineMurchison

15 ppm45

GuanineMurchison

5 ppm

45

Murchison

100 ppb

46

Yamato-74662

420 ppb

49

Yamato-791198

230 ppb

49

UracilMurchison

30 ppb46

ThymineMurchison< 2 ppb47

4-Hydroxypyrimidine

Murchison

6 ppm

44

4-Hydroxy-2(or6)-methylpyrimidine

Murchison

Xanthine

Murchison

Base derivatives

Hypoxanthine

45
2 ppm

46

Yamato-74662

320 ppb

49

Yamato-791198

36 ppb49

Murchison

40 ppb46

Yamato-74662

120 ppb

49

Yamato-791198

30 ppb49

Melamin

Murchison

20 ppm45

Cyanuric acid

Murchison20-30 ppm

45

Guanylurea

Murchison30-45 ppm

45

Base like compounds

Fig. 4. Characteristic structures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons detected in the carbonaceous chondrites.

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