Disclaimer
This report was compiled by an ADRC visiting researcher (VR) from ADRC
member countries.
The views expressed in the report do not necessarily reflect the views ofthe ADRC. The boundaries and names shown and the designations usedon the maps in the report also do not imply official endorsement or
acceptance by the ADRC.

Leng Heng An
National Committee for Disaster Management
Royal Government of Cambodia(ADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B)

Collaboration in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) between the National Committee
for Disaster Management and Non-Government Organizations (NGO)March 20141

Overview of the Research Structure

Chapter 1: Research Question
What is the extent/nature of thecollaboration between NCDMand NGOs in DRR?

Chapter 2: Establishing the Research Framework
Literature Review: DRR/DM Definitions, International Response to Disaster
Risk Reduction, Collaborations, DRR Roles of NGOs, Overview of DM inJapan, DRR NGOs/NPOs in Japan

Chapter 3: Context
DM Situation in Cambodia

Chapter 4: Data Collection & Analysis Methods

Chapter 5: Presentation of Secondary data
Chapter 6:
Discussion & Conclusions:
DRR Collaboration, Good
Practices, Challenges andSuggestions for enhancing
collaboration

2Rationale

In collaboration with NCDM, a good number of NGOs have been implementing DRR projects in theirtarget areas throughout the country.

Multiplied Impacts of effective coordination: effective risk reduction strategy; maximization of limited
resources; focus beneficiary targeting, clearly defined roles and responsibilities; effective and efficientutilization and dissemination of information; and identified actors on different aspects of disastermanagement.

DRR involves cross-cutting, socio-economic sectors and multi-stakeholders including government,
private sectors and civil society organizations.

3Aim: To explore the extent and nature of DRR collaboration between NCDM and NGOs inCambodia.
Objectives:
1. To study NGOs’ projects and activities with relation to DM/DRR, in Japan
2. To examine NGOs’ projects and activities with relation to DM/DRR in Cambodia
3. To suggest possible pathways for enhancing collaborations between NCDM and NGOs inDRR.

Outcomes of the Research
The outcomes of the research will be:xIncreased knowledge about the collaboration in DRR.

x

Suggestions for innovative and distinctive alliances and collaboration in DRR.

4

Gaps and Limitations of the Study
Due to resource and time constraints
Use only secondary data, and some documents are not very recent.
Not interviewed representatives of DRR NGOs in Cambodia to listen to their views oncollaboration with NCDM.
Therefore, the generalization of findings to broader contexts is limited.

5

Trend of Disaster Occurrences in the World

More frequent natural disasters with greater magnitude in the last decades
The Great Hanshin earthquake, which occurred in Kobe on 17 January, 1995 & the Great East Japan
Earthquake in Tohoku region on 11 Match 2011;
The 2008 Shichuan Earthquake in China; severe flooding in Thailand and Cambodia in the last few
years;
Hurricane Sandy, which hit 24 States in the United States of America in October 2012; Typhoon Haiyan
in the Philippines in November 2013,6

International Responses to Disaster Risk Reduction+ The United Nations proclamation of the “International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR)”
in 1990,+ The “Yokohama World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction” in 1994,+ The IDNDR successor “International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR)” in 2000
+ In January 2005, 168 nations adopted the Hyogo Framework of Action (HFA).
+ The “Hyogo World Conference on Disaster Reduction” in 2005, have ushered a major shift in theunderstanding and practice of disaster management around the world.
+ The 3rd UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in March 2015 in Sendai, Japan.

7NGOs’ Roles in Disaster Risk Reduction+ Operate at grassroots level with communities and local organizations as partners, and take aparticipatory approach to development planning.

+ Work with and on behalf of most needy groups: the poorest and the most vulnerable.

+ Policy and advocacy, knowledge and education, community-based risk and vulnerability assessment,
and community-based mitigation and preparedness.

8Hyogo DM Center

Disaster Drill in Kobe

NHK, Wakayama

Kaeru Caravan, JICA, Kobe

9Osaka Tsunami Storm Surge Station

Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo

Warehouse,Miki Disaster Management ParkOne thousand hope project hill, Tohoku

10DRR Roles & Activities of NGOs/NPOs in Japan

Coordinating Agencies+ Japan NGO Center for International Cooperation (JANIC)+ Japan Platfrom+ Hyogo Volunteer PlazaDRR NGOs/NPOs in JAPANDisaster Preparedness: Disaster-Safe Welfare Community (“BOKOMI”) and Kaeru Caravan: DRR Learning forChildren

11Emergency Relief and Recovery

The Japan NGO Center for International Cooperation (JANIC, 2012) compiled the non-exhaustive list of34 NGOs/NPOs and an overview of their activities of their relief work following Japan earthquake andTsunami in Tohoku Region.

Their work includes providing food and emergency daily items and temporary shelters, volunteer
mobilization, assisting in reconstruction of houses, livelihoods, children education, and medical andpsycho-social care.

12

DISASTER MANAGEMENT SITUATION IN CAMBODIA
Flood Map

13

Cambodia Hazard Calendar

Source: MAFF, NCDM in UNDMT (2011)14

Drought Map

15

Source: NCDM

16

Source: NCDM

1718

Overview of Disaster Management in Cambodia

2005: Cambodia
signed the Hyogo
Framework forAction
Feb 2002: sub-decree
NS/RKT/0202/040
defines more clearly
the mandate andstructure of NCDM

1995: NCDM setup under subdecree No.54
ANKR-BK

June 1994
Drought
Sept 1996
Flood

Jan 2002:
Drought
August 2002:
Flood

August1999
Flood

2006: CCDM March 2009: the SNAP
established by for DRR (2008-2013) isSub-decreelaunched officiallyn°61 HNK

April 2005
Drought

Oct 2009
TyphoonKetsana

August 2011
Flood

August2001
FloodJuly2000

Source: NCDM, 2013

19Legal System and Framework+ Royal Decree No. NS/RKT/0804/236 dated August 31, 2004 on Amendment of Article 1 and Article 2 of Royal
Decree No. NS/RKT/0202/040 dated December 16, 2002 on the Establishment of National Committee for DisasterManagement;+ Sub-decree No. 30 ANKR.BK, dated April 09, 2002 on the Organization and Functioning of the National and SubNational Committees for Disaster Management;+ Sub-decree No. 61 ANKR.BK, dated June 29, 2006 on the establishment of the Commune Committee for Disaster
Management (CCDM);+ Circular No. 02 on Preparedness and Disaster Management, dated July 02, 2001;+Circular No. 01 S.R on Disaster Preparedness and Response, dated June 07, 2002;+ Direction No. 315 NCDM, dated July 21, 2010 on the establishment of the Village Disaster Management Team(VDMT) for the implementation of CBDRM.
+ Law on Disaster Management was drafted and will be submitted to the National Assembly for enactment by2014.
+ National Strategy Development Plan (NSDP) 2009-2013; Strategic National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction(SNAP) 2008-2013 & National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction 2014-2018 (drafted & adopted by 2014)20

Structure of Disaster Management
National Committee for Disaster ManagementCabinet
Financial
Inspection Unit

NCDMSecretariat

DM Working Teamof Ministries/Institutions*

Provincial-Municipal Committee
for Disaster Management (PCDM)

PCDM Secretariat

District Committee
for Disaster Management (DCDM)

DCDM
Secretariat

Commune Committee
for Disaster Management (CCDM)

CCDMSecretariat

Village DisasterManagement Group(VDMG)

2122

DM/DRR Collaboration/Assistance in Cambodia
DRR Donors:• DIPECHO• AusAID• ADB• UNDP• World Bank

• GTZ:• WFP• UNESCAPUN Agencies:
UNDMT

UN Disaster Management Team

UNICEF

United Nations Children's Fund

UNDP

United Nations Development Program

FAO

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

WFP

World Food Programme

WHO

World Health Organization

23

REGIONALADRCAsian Disaster Reduction CenterADPC

Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre

AHA

ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on disaster management, “the AHACentre”

GLOBAL

UNDAF

United Nations Development Assistance Framework

UNESCAP United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
UNOCHA

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

UNISDR

United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction

IRP

International Recovery Platform

24

FINDINGS & DISCUSSION

Initiatives and Collaboration
Summary of DRR Activities of Non-Government Organizations in Cambodia:

Capacity building for NCDM sub-national levels and local structures and local partners to mitigate therisks and address the disasters affecting vulnerable, rural communities, through orientation workshops
and relevant trainings on DM/DRR

Support the decentralized structures of NCDM to integrate disaster risk reduction into the national
development agenda, and to realize the Hyogo Framework of Action goals; CDP/ CBDRM planning,facilitation in integration of DRR into sub-national and commune development plan, supporting provincial
DRR action plans;
Mobilization and training of volunteers, first aid trainings, psychosocial trauma counseling with special
focus on women;25

Mainstreaming DDR in school curriculum & Disaster risk reduction through school activities

Building community resilience to disasters: Hazard mapping, Flood EWS, Community assessments,participatory vulnerability assessments;

Emergency responses, small-scale mitigation infrastructures, livelihood assistance; andIEC material production and distribution.

26

DRR NGOs’ Networks
The United Nations Disaster Management Team (UNDMT),The Humanitarian Accountability Network (HANet),
Joint Action Group (JAG) & NGOs’ Consortium
Disaster Risk Reduction Forum

27

Good Practices and Lessons learned+ Ongoing Consultation and Information Sharing+ DRR Training Workshops+ Mainstreaming DRR into School Curriculum+ Integration of DRR into Sub-National Development Plans+ Developing Provincial Disaster Contingency Plan.
+ Developing Disaster Management Information System (DMIS)+ DRR Forum+ DRR Networks & NGOs’ Consortium+ Collaboration in Developing IEC materials+ ASEAN Day for Disaster Management and the International Day for Disaster Reduction

28

Challenges

NCDM Resource Constraints vs NGOs’ sufficient resources:- Capacities of NCDM and the sub-national DM committees in terms of knowledge and skills on

disaster management are still limited.

- Limited national budget to support the structure and existing human resources.

- Add-on responsibility officials of the sub-national DM committees- The sub-national DM committees (PCDM, DCDM & CDDM) are not fully functional and operational.

29Coordination Issues- NGOs’ approaches: project-based, target areas, time frame- Lack of DM leaderships at the sub-national DM committees- Lack of coordination among DRR Forum, UNDMT, HANet and JAG- NCDM’s ownership in DRR Forum

30

Possible suggestions to enhance the collaboration+ NCDM Office in charge of NGO liaison and DRR Forum & similar office at PCDM needs to be created.
+ Technical and financial support from donors, DRR networks and NGOs’ consortium in creation of NGOs liaison
office at the national and sub-national level.
+ Strengthening these existing coordinating networks, rather than creating more networks+ UNDP, donors and NGOs should continue providing support for creating Disaster Management Information
Systems at all provinces in Cambodia and train key PCDM officials to use and maintain DMIS.
+ Expediting enactment of the DM Law to enable NCDM and its sub-national levels to have budget anddedicated staff to implement DM programs and effectively build capacity of the national and sub-national DM
committees.

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