ADRC Peer Review Project
2011
Asian Disaster Reduction Center

Disclaimer
This report was compiled by the reviewers of the Peer
Review Project.
Project
The views expressed in the report do not necessarily reflect
the views of the ADRC.
ADRC The boundaries and names shownand the designations used on the maps in the report also do
not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the ADRC.

Overview of the Mission to Tajikistan
Counterpart in Tajikistan:
Information Management and Analytical Center(IMAC), Committee for Emergency Situations (CoES)
Person in charge: Mr. Alisho Shomakhmadov, Head

Mission Date:
13‐15 February 2012
Theme of Review:
Risk Assessment and Hazard Mapping for Landslide
Disasters((HFA
Priorityy Action 2: Identify,
y assess and monitor disasterrisks and enhance early warning)

Review Team
Team Leader
Prof. Hiroshi Fukuoka
Associate Professor
Research Center on Landslides
Landslides,
Disaster Prevention Research Institute,
Kyoto University, Japan
Dr. Tai‐Hoon Kim (Republic of Korea)
AnalystNational Disaster Management Institute (NDMI),(NDMI)
Ministry of Public Administration and Security
Mr. RMS Bandara (Sri Lanka)
Head
Landslide Studies & Services Division,
National Building Research Organisation (NBRO)
Ministry of Disaster Management
Ms. Miki Kodama
Senior Researcher, ADRC

Organizations & Officials Visited (1)1.

Focus Humanitarian Assistance (NGO)− Mr. Zafarbek Kuvvatbekov, Regional Coordinator, GBAO
Operation− Mr.
Mr Farrukh Lalani,
Lalani Senior Program Officer− Ms. Imomberdi Berdov, Program Officer− Mr. Laylo Sabzalieva, Executive Assistant2.

Khuroson District Office & Affected Area
− Mr. Jabbor Samadov, Chairman of the Khuroson District− Mr. Saidkhodja Karimov, Deputy to the Chairman of the
Khuroson District− Mr. Manuchehr Kholikov, Head of the Emergency
Situations and Civil Defense,
Defense Headquarter in the
Khuroson District− Mr. Djamshed Asadulloev, Head of the Ayni djamoat ofth Khuroson
theKh
District
Di t i t

3.

Institute of Geology, Earthquake Engineering, andSeismology,
gy, Academyy of Science of Tajikistanj− Dr. Yunus Mamadjanov, Director− Dr. Ja’far Niyazov, Senior Researcher

Organizations & Officials Visited (2)4.

Main Department of Geology, under theGovernment of Republic of Tajikistan− Dr. Azim Ibrohim, Head
− Mr. Mahmadaliev Abdusalom, Deputy Head
− Mr. Akhmedov Akmal, Chief of the hydrology
division

5.

Committee of Emergency Situations (CoES)− Mr.
M Khairiddin
Kh i iddi Abdurahimov,
Abd hi
Head
H d

6.

Information Management and Analytical Center(IMAC) of CoES
− Mr. Alisho Shomakhmadov, Head
− Other staff members

7.

Research Center of the State Committee for Land
Use and Geodesyy− Mr. Saidov Mirzo, Director

Brief Introduction of Tajikistan
Geographical Info:Location: borders with China, Kyrgyz,
Uzbekistan and Afghanistan
Area: 143,100 km2(93 % of the land is mountainous)
Height: highest elevation: 7,495 m
lowest elevation: 300 m
Population:
6.8 million(urban population: 24%)
Climate:Continental and Subtropical with some Semi‐Arid
Semi Arid areas
Rainfall: Highest in Central Asia,
g g from 500‐600mm to 1,500mm,
in the mountains
ranging
Map Source: Courtesy of the University of Texas Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin.

Disasters in Tajikistan
M i Natural
Main
Nl Disasters:
Di
Earthquake, Flood, Debris flow
(landslide) Drought(landslide),
Drought, Avalanche,
Avalanche Wind
damage, and Epidemics(1988-2007)

Landslides in Tajikistan:– The most active zones: between 700m
and 2,000m above mean sea level

Source: “Central Asia and Caucasus Disaster Risk
Management Initiative”– About 50,000 sites have been
identified as landslide sites– Considerable numbers of human‐induced landslides– Major and recent disasters

 Earthquake induced landslide: Feb 1911, Pamir mountains ‐> formed 75km long
Lake “Sarez”
99 landslide: Killed 243
43 people, Cost of damage US$
US$24,100,000
4, 00,000
 May 1992
 April‐May 2009 landslide (Khroson district): 444 families resettled
 June 2011 landslide (Sughd region): Affected 800 people, Damaged 23 housesDisaster Risk Mgmt System in Tajikistan
Legal System:
Government Decree No.400 "On the establishment of the Committee
for Emergency Situations and Civil Defense“(17 August 1994)

Pl
Plans
&P
Programme:
National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management 2010‐2015 (March
2010))
National Program for Realization of the National Strategy for DRM 2010‐2015 (March 2010): Planned Activities includes establishment of crisis management
center & national platform,
platform elaboration of disaster preparedness and response plan
plan,
integrated emergency monitoring & information system, andImprovement of legislative base for DRR

Organizations:
Committee for Emergency Situations: Roles for main coordination
R id Emergency
Rapid
E
Assessment
Aandd Coordination
C di i TTeam (REACT)(REACT): M
Multi‐
li
stakeholder partnershipFi di iin each
Findingh organizationi i

1. Focus Humanitarian Assistance (NGO)‐(1)•Overview– International crisis response and disaster risk reduction agency– Part of Aga Khan Development Network– Closely related to International Agencies– Covers Central and South Asia
Asia, Europe
Europe, and North America

Efforts: Enhancing preparedness in communities as well as emergency
response such as supply of foods, fuels, tents, etc. Impressing capacity
building activities for enhancing preparedness against various types of hazards
at vulnerable local communities.
• Advantage: Activities are conduced on resident side and staffs can understandthe community’s needs and have good relationships with residents. Theirstandpoint are close to the residents. Easy to collect their needs and residents
past experience.
experience• Weakness: NGOs usually have less technical knowledge and less experience
regarding hazard zoning and prevention works. Technical skills and knowledgeof specific hazards strongly depends on the (mostly local) experts they employ.
•1. Focus Humanitarian Assistance (NGO)‐(2)••Discussion: focused on (1) examination of multi‐hazard scenarios like extreme rain,strong quakes, and their combination, and corresponding multiple plans ofevacuation Each hazard is supposed to be induced by single cause
evacuation.
cause. (2) Quality ofpotential landslide hazard zoning methodology was discussed on a sample hazard
map. They employed local geologist but apparently “landslides” and debris / mudflows zonation is not enough.
enoughRecommendations– Raising awareness activities are recommended, on (1) mechanisms ofl d lid (2) potential
landslides,
t ti l llandslide
d lid scenarios
i off theth community
it basedb d onmultiple scenarios considering possible causes as rain, snowmelt, quake,
anthropogenic cause like water leakage. The information should be simple,
straight forward
straight‐forward.
– Considering multiple evacuation plan and periodical (annual) evacuation drill
are recommended.
– Periodical monitoring is required. However, monitoring rainfall system is notestablished in this country. Monitoring and prediction of weather (rain) in
mountainous regions is still difficult even employing rain satellites. JICA hasbbeen
promotingti community
it levell l raini monitoringit i using
i pet‐bottlet b ttl maded rainigauges at elementary schools and municipal govts.

1. Focus Humanitarian Assistance (NGO)‐(3)•Recommendations (cont.)– Periodical watchingg of potentialp
upslopep p landslide sites. Onlyy the residents
can do it. When unusual change showing increasing landslide activities
found, they should call local or national authorities for further technicalassistance or reliable risk evaluation
evaluation.
– Hazard maps working jointly with plural, not only professional geologists,
considering extreme weather condition and eq. is recommended, becausel d lid zoning
landslidei ddepends
d on iindividual
di id l geologist.
l i– Collaboration with overseas experts using Google Earth/Map throughinternet could be p
possible now. This idea can mobilize wide international
expertise and can realize reliable hazard mapping.

2. Khuroson District Office & Affected Area –(1)•••Overview– The Uyali area was affected by the debris flow in April 2009.
– The area was covered by glaciers in one day and most soil are derived from ice (tillmaterial). Gravel deposits are found within the deposits but the amounts are notplenty. At the time of investigation snow covered most areas and made a muddy
ground. Absence of coarse materials such as gravel, it is susceptible to initiate theflow type landslides in the Uyali area. 2009 debris flow is also occurred with thisgground condition.
Efforts: The municipal govt of Huroson (Khroson) has prepared hazard map with help ofnational govt. Response manual of emergency situation is also prepared.
Advantages: Effective governance of the nation works well under emergency situation
especially in maintain social security and order. Appropriate coordination of civil andmilitary department is expected. According to the Professor of National University, theApril 2009 Uyali debris flow was induced by overflow of irrigation water andpenetration into loess layer. Then drop of the torrent flow level was found 3 days prior
to the disaster and they started evacuation 2 days before, on the community’s own
g more than 300 houses were destroyed,y , however,, no one was killed.
decision. AlthoughThis is a remarkable practice. They are aware of the risk of landslides due to suchanthropogenic causes..

2. Khuroson District Office & Affected Area –(2)•••Weakness: During our field trip to landslide sites in Uyali, we could not meet any
representative of local community. Under emergency situation of natural /anthropogenic disaster, self‐organized activities for saving lives as well as properties are
required. We could not evaluate their preparedness, experience and capacity this time.
Discussions: Not only anthropogenic causes, but also extreme natural conditions such as
unusual heavy rain affected by global climate change, and large scale earthquake or their
combined conditions should be considered for enhancing the preparedness
Recommendations– Landslides due to anthropogenic causes like leakage from irrigation channel aremost frequent and typical signs are known to some extent. Global climate change istaking place, intense rainfall are expected in the future.
– Communities constructed recently at the exit of channels are at SERIOUS risk of
future debris / mud flows. Even though no or almost no water flow is observed in
the channel, under extreme weather condition, debris flow can take place and hit
the location. In Japan and other developed countries, many residents are killed insuch location. Capacity building activities are urgent. New construction of thosehouses should be prohibited.
– Their evacuation from large
large‐scale
scale debris flow at the April 2009 disaster was goodpractice and should be disseminated through the nation. Education on possible signs(opening cracks, subsidence, muddy water, unusual sounds, etc.) are recommended.

2. Khuroson District Office & Affected Area –(3)•Recommendations (cont.)– Their evacuation from large‐scale debris flow at the April 2009 disasterwas good practice and should be disseminated through the nation.
Education on possible signs (opening cracks, subsidence, muddy water,
unusual sounds
sounds, etc.)etc ) are recommended.
recommended– Education on the mechanism of typical rapid landslides such assoftening , erosion, subsidence, liquefaction of loess soils are also
recommended. Most importan lesson learnt from the 2011 M9
Tohoku EQ and gigantic tsunami disaster in Japan was that those who
fullyy understand the mechanism of hazards and unavoidable
possibility of unexpected magnitude of hazards, only escape and save
lives.

3. Institute of Geology, Earthquake Engineering, andSeismology Academy of Science of Tajikistan ‐ (1)Seismology,
•
•

•

•

•

Overview– Merged into one institution a year ago
Efforts: Established one year ago by combining two institutes. They have been
keeping monitoring of earthquakes and geodetic deformation covering the territory.
Long‐time records are compiled.
Advantages: It is the highest academic entity and maintains good relationships with
scientists in developed countries. Young ambitious scientists are growing. Startedgcollaboration with EU and US scientists and mobilizingg several advanced digitalseismometers and GPS receivers in recent years. Precision of seismicity mapping has
been raised greatly. Joint geophysical exploration of the ground microtremors forevaluating strong ground motion characteristics under upcoming large‐scale
earthquakes along the major active fault zones. They have hydro‐geologicallaboratory devoted for landslide dynamics studies. They published a variety of books,
research reports, and scientific papers
Weakness: Most of the distributed seismometers are of old manual type and notconnected to Dushanbe in real‐time. Their number is still not enough for covering theseismically active territory. Also most data are paper based and difficult to be shared.
Discussions: No trench survey of active faults had been conducted, although it costs
not so much and provides return period of large eq., and information of pastliquefaction, landslides, etc.

3. Institute of Geology, Earthquake Engineering, andS i
Seismology,lA
Academyd
off SScienceioff Tajikistan
T jiki‐ (2)•Recommendation– Joint Neotectonics studies with Dept of Geology of the National University
especially promoting trench cut survey of major active faults are highly
recommended. Its cost are digging
gg g and carbon datingg only.
y It providesptheactivities of specific active fault and rough estimates of the period of next
earthquakes as well as past disaster history such as liquefaction,
landslides, debris flows, etc.
– Earthquake risk maps are to be published by the institute. While, detailgeomorphological examination of the fault zone topography, can revealth distribution
thedi t ib ti off pastt or ancienti t large‐scalell earthquake‐inducedthk i d dlandslides and landslide dams like Usoy dam and Sarez lake. Joint studies
with sedimentology and Quaternary geology community on the evolutionof ancient landslide dam reservoirs will be highly evaluated.
– International joint research collaborating with A. Strom (Moscow) and hiscolleagues in ICL (International Consortium on Landslides) as well as
cooperation with academic institutions in Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan arerecommended.

3. Institute of Geology, Earthquake Engineering, and Seismology,
A dAcademyoff SScienceioff Tajikistan
T jiki t ‐ (3):(3) DepartmentDtt off Geology
G lEfforts: educating students who wish to be geologists. It has 4 chairs, about 20
staffs and 400 students including both undergraduates and post‐graduates.
• Advantages: They are updating the most fundamental geological setting andhistory of their territory
territory. They can mobilize big man power for promoting
fundamental research on engineering geology especially on landslide studies.
Traditionally maintaining strong tie with Moscow State University and Russian
academic institutions
institutions. They have been engaged in creating geology maps aswell as landslide distribution maps.
• Weakness: Practically, they can not give PhD degree due to complicateddissertation system. Most of excellent students intend to enter graduate
course of European universities. Emigration of young excellent scholars toforeigng countries.
• Discussions: Could not visit their campus this time, however, interviewed
professors during our field visit. Could not obtain enough information aboutsituation of landslide science studies,studies and collaboration with civil engineeringsuch as geotechnical engg groups of the university.
•

3. Institute of Geology, Earthquake Engineering, and Seismology,
A dAcademyoff SScienceioff Tajikistan
T jiki t ‐ (4):(4) DepartmentDtt off Geology
G l•Recommendation– To enhance geologic hazard research capability. It’s an cutting edge, inter‐disciplinary and integrated science area and it needs collaboration withgeology,lgeophysics,
hhydrology,
h d lgeotechnicalhl engineering, as wellll as riskk
management science and resilience studies. Typical landslide mechanism
such as large scale earthquake induced landslide like Usoy slide, small to
medium scale mud slides/flows in loess induced by water leakage fromstructures, heavy rainfall and combined with quakes.
– To educate and encourage students who can establish geologic consultantsin Tajik in the near future, looking for developing independent market of
consulting works. At least the works for evaluating and making order ofexisting risks in the territory can not be done only by national officers andit needs professional consultants.
– To collaborate international landslide researchers community to exchange
information and knowledge. To join ICL or presenting posters at EGU, AGU,
GSA, ISL, IGC, etc.

4. Main Department of Geology, under the Governmentof Republic of Tajikistan – (1)
•
•

•

•
•

Overview– Control tower for geologic information in Tajikistan
Efforts: Creating every geology‐related national scale maps including
geological hazard map and landslide distribution map. Controlling on
development and preservation of natural resources.
Advantages: Strong governance of collecting geological information including
witness of ggeologicalghazards. Theyy have excellent expertspon landslides andlarge accumulation of past landslide records including interesting resident
witness such as strange unusual roar sounds from underground as sign of a
rapid landslide
landslide. They have published a 300 landslides distribution map
map. Itdispatch experts to international academic meetings to collect advanced
scientific and engineering information.
Weakness:kTheyh can use lless researchh capabilityb l to disasterdriskk reductiondrelated activities.
Discussions: Discussed about the ppossibilityy to develop
p nation‐wide landslide
topography distribution map. Most serious restriction is limitation of budget
and human resources.

4. Main Department of Geology, under the Governmentof Republic of Tajikistan – (2)•Recommendations– To create nation‐wide landslide topography distribution map with regards toengineering geology characteristics, and seismicity. Extracting typical head scarps
and deposits are not difficult. Using NASA’s SRTM (90 m resolution) data and/orJapanese ASTER (30 m) global topography data, both of which are free of charge,
could help them very much for interpretation. Free effective GIS software isavailable at ITC, Netherlands. They may provide training course with certain
support. Contact to Prof. van Westin, the eminent landslide and GIS expert (thru
Sasha is ok).
– To evaluate and select societal high‐priority landslide site and collect informationof their activities by interview of local residents and field visit. Then, appoint local
appropriate person in the community to keep paying attention to any change
possibly affecting the slope stability. Be careful not to load too much responsibilityon the person.
– To call for any information from communities showing precursor signs of pastlandslides as a contest or something. Then, dissemination materials of collected
typical signs should be distributed. NGOs may help awareness raising activities
with the materials..
– Cooperation with international association such as IAEG (International Associationof Engineering Geology), ICL (International Consortium on Landslides), etc.

5. Information Management and Analytical Center (IMAC)
of Committee of Emergency Situations (CoES) – (1)
•
•

•

•

•

Overview
Th are formed
They
f
d by
b Presidential
P id i l DecreeDin
i 2003
Efforts: New presidential decree in 2009 provided independence from othergovernmental section. Then, data collection section is separated to avoid information
overflow. Options of strategic decision is prepared by this info analysis section.
Advantages: Effective information collection and analysis system under emergency
situation is established. It has GIS technology and employs GIS technicians and ABCD
hazard experts. With help from ADRC, they have started pilot study on landslide
topography distribution map.
Weakness: Info analysis section has only 11 officers. When extra‐large scale emergency
situation arises, additional staffs should be prepared who can join and work effectively.
No alternative communication line under emergency situation. When large scaledisaster takes place, they have high responsibility to collect precise disaster situation
and report to the decision makers in the first 10 – 100 hours.
Discussions: Their pilot landslide distribution map are well evaluated. It is apparently
successful. Using Google Earth and detail topographic data, they can estimate mobilityof past landslides.

5. Information Management and Analytical Center (IMAC)
of Committee of Emergency Situations (CoES) – (2)•Recommendations– Constructing alternative communication lines / tools for collecting situation
information are urgent employing satellite phones, military radio communicationlines,– Back‐up
p and online‐cooperatingpg systemyemployingp y g “cloud” techniquesqfor compliedpcollected data are required. Both the alternative communication system and any
info system designed for use in emergency should be used also in daily operation.
Otherwise, does not work in emergency situation.
– BCP of central / local offices for 10 / 100 / 1,000 / 10,000 hours should beconsidered separately. Keywords for the IT system and resilient societies are (1) Self‐
organized, networked, cooperating, and (2) 4R (robustness, rapidity, redundancy,
resourcefulness). Especially, those should be applied to structure of information
network between central govt and local offices.
– Nation‐wide landslide topography distribution map should be jointly prepared with
Dept off Geologylandd Nationall University andd builtb l on GIS.
– To extract landslide hazard vulnerable communities such as adjacent to ancientlandslide scars and recent anthropogenic ground water supply to loess.
– Education
Ed ti isi mostt importantit t ffor enhancing
h i vulnerablel
bl community’s
it ’ capacity
it against
i tlandslides, including (1) awareness of potential slides, (2) initiation mechanism, and(3) possible signs of landslides.

Field VisitField trip Route from Dushanbe to Uyali on Feb 12

Google Earth imagery of Uyali, Tajikistan(old landslide scars ? Those scars could be retrogressed to upward
upward. Much debris remain in the channelbottom. They could be mobilized under extreme condition.)

Possible sources of upcoming debris slide – debris flows
Strongly winded meander. Graven on banks show detachment of thedeposits, which could be mobilized in the future. Potential landslide scarps
are visible on hillside slope.

Sediment reach distance appears on topography((Villageg 18‐Partsyezd,
y , Ayni,
y , Huroson district))(This new settlement is constructed recently on mud flow fan. Many houses are located in front of the exit of
the channel. They are seriously threatened by future floods / mud flows)Sediment reach distance appears on topography(Examination(Ei i off micro‐topographyih provides
id accumulationl i off past sedimentditransportation indicating the reach of mud flows as well as landslides)29 April 2009 Uyali debris flow disaster site
(The source area,
area running channel
channel, and deposition area of the April 2009 debris flow is visible on Google Earch,
Earch free version.
version Even
remnant of houses are recognized. The source area contains a lot of small slide scars and high possibility to cause mud flows
again)

Source area (many small slides)
Debris slides
Linear depression
Irrigation water overflow

Deposition area

Deposition area of the April 2009 Uyali debris flowLinear subsidence in the upslope of 2009 Uyali debris
flow due to irrigation channel overflow

Retrogressing of 60 m deep subsidence and landslides due toirrigation water leakage at east of 2009 Uyali debris flow

Retrogressing of 60 m deep subsidence and landslides due toirrigation water leakage at east of 2009 Uyali debris flow
(Damaged steel drainage pipe)

Retrogressing of 60 m deep subsidence and landslides due toirrigation water leakage at east of 2009 Uyali debris flow
(View from top)

Irrigation channel which affects the Uyali area by
repeated overflow

Retrogressing of 60 m deep subsidence and landslides due toirrigation water leakage at east of 2009 Uyali debris flow
(Malfunctioned water gate of irrigation channel filled with mud)Usoy landslide dam induced by 1911 eq.
(Elevation difference of lake water and dam body is 100 – 200 m. More than 10
seepage points are visible at the bottom of the dam)

Dam reservoir

Landslide dam bodyseepageSeepages and associated small slidesof the downstream side of the Usoy landslide dam

Summary of Findings

(Summary)

Advantages
B d on Ob
Based
Observationi andd Analysis
A l i• There are NGOs that are able to conduct DRR activities in close cooperation withthe residents and with consideration for the real needs of them
• In areas devastated by landslides, residents evacuated smoothly based on theinformation provided by a resident who noticed the sign of risks and there were
no humanhcasualties.
lti
M
Mutualt l tieti among localll residents
id t seems very strong.
t• The research institutions have developed motivated young researchers and also
have good networks with researchers in developed countries.
• Geological Survey Institute and Earthquake Engineering and Seismology Institutehas recently integrated. Collaborative research can be expected in the future.
• Approximately 400 undergraduate and graduate students are enrolled in thegeology department of the National University
University. The department has strong
relationship with Moscow State University and Russian Academy of Sciences.
• Main Geology Department under the Government of Tajikistan has accumulated
useful geological information including witness information on geological hazard
and information of past landslides in the past.
• Under the Committee for Emergency Situation, Information Management andAnalysisa ys s Ce
Centere was
as es
establishedab s ed in 200700 with thee independent
depe de cocommanda d cchainabased on common understanding of the importance of system for aggregating
disaster-related information.

(Summary)

Points to Be Considered for Further Improvement
Based on Observation and Analysis• There is no landslide risk management system in association with the observationof rainfall.
• Disaster early warning mechanism for transmission of information to residents isstill weak.
• The many of hazard maps have been created during the Soviet era, and have notbeen updated the information.
pof landslide zoning
g of the local engineersg
who p
participatepin the• Capacities
disaster mitigation activities are insufficient.
• The lack of latest observation equipments due to the limitation of budget.
Preparation of the equipments is relied heavily on support from abroad.
• Students cannot receive PhD in the Department of Geology in the National
University. Therefore they go to universities in Europe for continuing the research
activities, and resulted in loss of specialist personnel.
• Due to budget shortfall, disaster prevention activities are not appropriately
conducted based on the risk information gained.
• Number of the staff members in the Information Management and Analysis Center
off CoES
C ES iis only
l 11 yet.
t Th
They needd more staffs
t ff tto effectively
ff ti l gather
th andd analyzelinformation.

(Summary)Findings and Recommendations of Reviewer• More effective activities by strengthening collaboration among relevant agencies
and stakeholders‐Cooperation
Cooperation of research institutions in the activities of NGO‐Promotion of cooperation among government agencies, research institutes,organizations that directly involved community activities including NGOs
• Create easy-to-understandymaterials for residents‐Create easy to understand maps and materials about the risks they face to andactions to be taken for reducing damage• Restriction of settlement in the risk areas or promotion of people’s soundunderstanding of the signs of disasters for living with risks• Public awareness rising for understanding about human activities affect thegeology and taking necessary measures to the current issues- Inspection and repair of old irrigation systems• Development of a monitoring system in landslide risk area: Observation of rainfall
and signs• DevelopmentDlt off informationi f
ti disseminationdii ti systemton disasterdit risksi k tto reachh tto thethresidents• Capacity development of researchers through participation in international
conferences and workshops• Enhancement of coordination capabilities of Committee of Emergency Situations

Thank yyou veryy muchfor your kind cooperation!

Thanks for beautiful scenery!

Thanks for good interpretation,
Ms. Veronika Grushevskaya!

Thanks for delicious food!