Final Presentation

1Disclaimer
This report was compiled by an ADRC visiting researcher(VR) from ADRC member countries.
The views expressed in the report do not necessarilyreflect the views of the ADRC. The boundaries and names shownand the designations used on the maps in the report also do not
imply official endorsement or acceptance by the ADRC.

Asian Disaster Reduction Center Visiting Researcher Program FY 2022

Study on Community Based Disaster Preparedness andPrevention in Japan

Ms. Mi Mi Tun
Deputy Director
Department of Disaster Management,
Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement,
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar

2

CONTENTS-

Introduction Research Plan-

Hazards Profile and Disaster Managementof Myanmar-

Hazards Profile and Disaster Management ofJapan-

Study on Community Disaster Preparedness andPrevention activities in Japan-Conclusion
3

Introduction Research Plan
Chapter (1)Introduction

Chapter(2)Hazard Profile of Myanmar

Chapter(3)Disaster Management in Myanmar

Chapter(4)Hazard Profile and Disaster Management

System of Japan
Chapter(5)Conclusion.

4

Objective of the Study
The objective of this study are;(a) To explore the disaster events of Myanmar and their impact ofaffected areas(b) To study the preparatory and preventive measures for Disaster

Risk Reduction in Japan(c) To enhance the capacity of community for DRM in Myanmar.

5Country Profile of Myanmar• Situated Southeast Asia between latitudes 09° 32' N and 28° 31' N andlongitudes 92° 10' E and 101° 11' E.
•2,61,228 square miles (6,77,000 Km2).

• Population is 51.92 million (2014 Census)
An Agriculture based country

7

Number ofReportedDisasters

Disasters in Regions and States from 2010-2011FY to 2021-2011 FY1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

20002010-2011

2011-20122012-2013

No. of total cases Fire2013-2014

2014-2015

2015-2016

No. of total cases Flood

2016-20172017-20182018-2019
April-sep

2018-2019

No. of total cases Strom and Cyclones

2019-2020

2020-2021

2021-2022
Oct-March

No. of total cases Others
8Global Climate Risk Index

Myanmar ranks second out of 184 countries most affected by climate change in the 2021
Global Climate Risk Index. This is serious threat to Myanmar’s sustainable development.

Disaster Management System inMyanmar

Disaster Management Law▪ The DM law was ratified by National
government on 31st July, 2013 and DM Rules
were prescribed by MSWRR on 7th April,2015.
Objectives-

To implement natural disaster management programmes systematically andexpeditiously in order to reduce disaster risks-

To form the National Committee and local bodies in order to implement

natural disaster management programmes systematically and expeditiously-

To coordinate with national and international government departments andorganizations or international organizations and regional organizations incarrying out natural disaster management activities- To conserve and restore the environment affected by natural disaster-To provide health, education, social and livelihood programmes in order tobring about better living conditions for victims

11National Disaster Management Committee’s Organogram
National Disaster Management Committee (NDMC)
Advisory GroupState/ Region Disaster
ManagementAuthority

District Disaster
ManagementAuthority
Township Disaster
ManagementAuthority
Ward/ Village Tract
DisasterManagementAuthority

Disaster Management
Work Committee

International Relation
Work Committee

Financing and Financial
Management Work Committee

Search and Rescue Work
Committee

Security Work
Committee

Logistic Work Committee

News and Information
Work Committee

Rehabilitation andReconstruction Work
Committee

Health Care WorkCommittee

Initial Need Assessment, Damageand Loss Verification and Need
Identification Work CommitteeLivelihood Restoration
Work Committee

Environmental Conservation
Work Committee

MAPDRR (2017)
Vision:Protect lives, economy, heritage andenvironment, through an inclusive approach
towards sustainable development in Myanmar
It has 4 Pillars and they are linked with
Sendai Framework.
Pillar 1: Assessing disaster risk including
extreme weather events and creating
public awareness on DRR inMyanmar
Pillar 2: Strengthening
disasterrisk
governance to reduce and manage
risk
Pillar 3: Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction
for resilient development
Pillar 4: Enhancing disaster preparedness foreffective response and resilient
rehabilitation and reconstruction

Introducing the National Framework for Community
Disaster Resilience Based on Government’s Reforms aimed at“Promoting People-centered, Inclusive, andSustainable Development”
 Supports Myanmar commitments tointernational frameworks – Sustainable Development Goals,
 Sendai Framework for Disaster RiskReduction,
 Paris Agreement on Climate Change,
 AADMER Work Programme (2016-2020)

Issues▪ Communities in Myanmar, especially poor and most vulnerable face ahigh disaster risk – extreme events and ‘everyday disasters’▪ Disaster risk is influenced by inadequate development practices andexisting socioeconomic vulnerabilities▪ Climate change will further increase disaster risk in Myanmar▪ Projects to strengthen community disaster resilience are usually:₋ designed in isolation from community/local development projects,
₋ lack in scale (‘pilots’),₋ fail to tackle underlying causes of disaster risk

Early Warning System in Myanmar➢ DMH is the noble agency
responsible to issue timely
warning to public on Cyclone,Flood, Tsunami.
➢ DepartmentofDisaster
Management DDM, Departmentof Meteorology and Hydrology
DMH and General Administration Department GAD aremain organizations in charge ofEarly Warning on DRM inMyanmar.

Information transmission route

Tel/Fax/Mobile

President OfficeLine Ministries / Departments

NationalDDM
RRD

GAD

Tel/Fax/Mobile

DMH
Ministry ofDefense
Tel/Fax/Mobile

Chief Minister
OfficeRegional

Tel/Fax/Mobile/
Messenger

Tel/Fax/Mobile

District

Tel/Fax/Mobile/SSB

Media

Tel/Fax/Mobile/SSB

Tel/Fax/Mobile

Township

TV/Radio

Tel/Mobile/Messenger

Village
Tract

Mobile/Messenger

VillageMobile/Messenger/Speaker

Residents

Brief Profile of Japan
Japan is an island country located in the western
Pacific Ocean. Total land area is about 378,000square kilometers. More than 70 percent of land
surface is mountainous. As it is situated along thecircum-Pacific volcanic belt, Japan has several
volcanic regions and frequently affected byearthquakes and Tsunami.

The capital is Tokyo. Total population is about
127.77

million.

Japanisdividedinto

47

administrative prefectures and eight traditional
regions.

Recent Major Disasters in Japan-

Great Hanshin –Swaji Earthquake1995-

Mid Niigata prefecture Earthquake 2004-

The Great East Japan Earthquake-

Northern Kyushu Torrential Rain (July 2017)-Typhoon 21 (October 2017)-West Japan Torrential Rain (July 2018)-Typhoon Hagibis 201920

Disaster Management System of Japan

21

Organization of Central Disaster ManagementCouncil

22

The Basic Disaster Management Plan
➢ The Basic Disaster Management Plan is abasic plan for disaster reduction in Japan
prepared by the National Disaster
Management Council in accordance with
Article 34, Paragraph 1 of the Basic Act on
Disaster Management➢ and is subject to consideration "every year
the results of scientific research on disasters
and disaster prevention, the situation ofdisasters that have occurred, and the effectsof emergency disaster response measurestaken in response to such disasters, and it isrevised if necessary.“➢ Based on the Basic Disaster Management
Plan, local governments must prepare local
disaster management plans, and designatedadministrative organizations and designatedpublic corporations need to prepare and23
revise disaster reduction operation plans.

Community Disaster Management Plan” (CDMP),✓ In the aftermath of the Great East Japan Earthquake, thelimitations of the government’s activities, and the importance of“mutual-help” in collaboration with local municipalities becameapparent.
✓ Consequently, the Cabinet Office amended the Disaster
Countermeasures Basic Law in June 2013, and created the“Community Disaster Management Plan” (CDMP), a plan fordisaster management activities by businesses and residents of localcommunities.
✓ From the perspective of social capital, disaster management
activities based on the CDMP will lead to local community
participation in town planning, even during the preliminary
reconstruction phase.

24

Study on community-based disaster preparedness and prevention
activities in Tamba City Japan➢ ADRC VRS visited tostudy about Torrential
Rain Disaster in Tamba
City on 3 March,2023.
➢ metMr.
Yohei
SHIBAHARA ,Life Safety
Section,LivingEnvironment
Division,
Tamba City .
➢ discussedaboutLocation /Geographical featuregeography and disaster❖ Area 493.21 Km2 (75% is forest) , Population (66300
profile of Tamba city andhow to response to andpersons), Households ( 25444 )recovery efforts from❖ located at the eastern end of the Chugoku Mountain,
2014 Torrential Rainthe Geographically belongs to the hilly andDisaster.

mountainous area formed by mountains with steep
slopes. The lowest central watershed in Japan, locatedat 95m above sea level.

Source: Lecture by Mr. Yohei SHIBAHARA,Life Safety Section, Living Environmeant Division, Tamba City25

Damage and loss data of disaster-Stricken in Tamba city
Items

Tamba city

Date of Disaster occurrence

August 16 to 17,2014

Human suffering (death toll)

1

Damage of residential houses

18 totally destroyed,51 half destroyed, 954 partiallydamaged (including inundation below floor level)

Total 1023 houses
Amount of drained soil

Approx. 500 thousand m3

Precipitation

Approx. 100 mm per hour
Approx. 300 mm per hours

Forest land collapse

256 sites

Number if volunteer

Approx. 18000 persons

Donation

Approx. 0.22 billion yenSource: Lecture by Mr. Yohei SHIBAHARA,Life Safety Section, Living Environment Division,
26Tamba City

lessons learnt from the past disaster and thenpreparedness for future disasters
The local Government and community are lessons learnt from the past disaster and thenpreparedness for future disasters is as follow;
1. The local government has provided the Radio to each household (about 25 thousandhousehold) free of charge. Local government issue evacuation advisory throughdisaster management radio system.
2. Each local residents’ association prepared self-made hazard map.
3. Frequently mixing well with the neighbors (mutual-help System)‘The Tamba City Disaster Prevention Association was awarded the Hyogo
Prefecture Kusunoki Award”
In the event of a disaster, the mutual help of local residents, known as "mutual aid," is essential. The city is also

promoting the establishment of a "voluntary disaster prevention organization“. August 16 was designated as Tamba
City's Heart-to-heart Disaster Prevention Day.

Source: https://www.city.tamba.lg.jp/soshiki/bousai/bousaimapzentai.html

Conclusion
This paper presents community-based Disaster Risk Management in Myanmarand Japan. Especially , This paper focuses on community based Disaster
preparedness and prevention .
Myanmar✓ Myanmar has Disaster Management Plans at all levels which need to update/develop the old ones according to the time and circumstances of the country'ssituations.
✓ CBDRM needs to be implemented across the country.
✓ Myanmar National Farmwork for Community Disaster Resilience aimed at“Promoting People-centered, Inclusive, and Sustainable Development”.

✓ Strengthening community disaster resilience also requires a coherent approachthat includes Community Engagement Disaster Risk Information, Disaster Risk
28Governance.(NFCDR)

Japan✓ Japan, one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world, has developed asophisticated and comprehensive disaster management system.
✓ Local communities play a key role in preparing for disastrous events, such as theGreat East Japan Earthquake (GEJE), as the first responders to take action.
✓ The local government and community are understood to promote self-help initiatives
to protect one's own life, mutual assistance initiatives to help and support each otherin the community, and efforts to build a safe and secure society.

✓ Japan has the Museums in which the person who are interested on DRR can touch
the image of past disasters and can suffer the messages they want to hand over totheir generations.
✓ The maintenance of the records (photos, documentation, and some samples ofbroken physical features) about the past disasters is very systematic.
✓ These museums remind all visitors of the importance of disasters preparedness andprevention.