⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ◊✲ᶵᵓどぬ㞀ᐖࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺሗ࿌᭩

ࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ

㹼 ┠  ḟ 㹼๓᭩ࡁ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃1➨ 1 ❶ ࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃5➨ 1 ⠇ ᴫせ㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃79➨ 2 ⠇ どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅࡜኱Ꮫධヨ 㺃㺃㺃 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃➨ 3 ⠇ ࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 33➨ 4 ⠇ ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ࡜ཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 43➨ 2 ❶ ᪂ࡋ࠸ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨ㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃➨ 1 ⠇ ᴫせ㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃➨ 2 ⠇ ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃➨ 3 ⠇ New Testing Method for the Dyslexic and the Newly Blind㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃

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➨ 4 ⠇ ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 㺃㺃㺃 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃71➨ 5 ⠇ ᪂ࡋ࠸㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢホ౯㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 㺃㺃㺃 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃83➨ 6 ⠇ Development of Two Types of New Auditory Testing Media㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃97➨ 7 ⠇ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ᪉ᘧࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 107➨ 3 ❶ 㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿබᖹ࡞ヨ㦂ᐇ᪋࡟㈨ࡍࡿ୰㛗ᮇⓗ࡞せ⣲ᢏ⾡     ࡢ◊✲㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 117➨ 1 ⠇ ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 119➨ 2 ⠇ どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅࡬ࡢ₎Ꮠㄝ᫂࡜኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ⅬᏐ෉Ꮚၥ㢟࡬ࡢᏐὀ௜୚ࡢ≧ἣࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓⅬᏐࠊ㡢ኌฟ㢟ࡢࡓࡵࡢ⮬ືὀグᥦ᱌ࢩࢫࢸ࣒
ࡢ◊✲ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 121➨ 3 ⠇ ヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࢆྵࡴ㧗ᗘ࡞ᩥ᭩ࡢᵓ㐀ᥦ♧ࢆⅬᏐࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖࡛ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔ࡢ㛤Ⓨ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 135➨ 4 ❶ ≉ูၥ㢟ᡤෆ୍㈏సᡂࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨ㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 147➨ 1 ⠇ ᴫせ㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 149➨ 2 ⠇ ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢゐㄞᅗసᅗࢩࢫࢸ࣒㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 151➨ 3 ⠇ Tactile Graphics Production System Bplot2㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 159➨ 4 ⠇ ゐㄞᅗసᅗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ Bplot3㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 169➨ 5 ❶ ᢏ⾡ࡢẸ㛫⛣㌿㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 173➨ 1 ⠇ ᴫせ 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 175➨ 2 ⠇ ⬟ືⓗ࡞ㄞ᭩ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿᩥ❶࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 177➨ 3 ⠇ ⬟ືⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 181➨ 4 ⠇ Tactile Graphics Production Software㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 185
ᴗ⦼୍ぴ㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 191๓᭩ࡁ ヨ㦂ࡢ㛤Ⓨᙜึ࠿ࡽ㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿཷ㦂⪅ࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢཷ㦂⪅࡟බᖹ࡟㓄៖ࡋ࡚ヨ㦂ࢆタィࡍࡿࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆ◊✲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௒ᚋࠊධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤไᗘࡀ࡝
ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ኚࢃࢁ࠺࡜ࡶࠊᖖ࡟බᖹ࡞ヨ㦂ࡢᐇ᪋ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᚿ㢪⪅ࡢධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ࡟㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊึ➼࣭୰➼ᩍ⫱ẁ㝵ࡢᏛຊಖᣢ࡟ࡶ೺ᖖᚿ㢪⪅࡜ྠᵝࠊ᭷ຠ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊධヨ◊✲ࡢ୰᰾ᢏ⾡࡛࠶ࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢸࢫ
ࢺ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ⬟ືⓗ࡞ㄞ᭩ࡀྍ⬟࡞㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡀ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࠊ㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ཬࡧㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅➼ࠊᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᚿ㢪⪅ࡣࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼ࡢཷ㦂ࢆ᩿ᛕࡏࡊࡿࢆ
ᚓ࡞࠸≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ᭱᪂ࡢ୙ྍど 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿබᖹ࡞ヨ㦂ᐇ᪋࡟㈨ࡍࡿ୰㛗ᮇⓗ࡞せ⣲ᢏ⾡ࡶ◊✲ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆࡓࡔ༢࡟◊✲ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿᚑ᮶ࡢⅬᏐၥ㢟࡜ᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟ཬࡧ᪂ࡋ࠸㡢ኌၥ㢟➼ࡢ≉ูၥ㢟ᡤෆ୍㈏సᡂ
ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࠊၥ㢟ࡢ㉁ࡢྥୖ࡜సᡂసᴗࡢຠ⋡໬ཬࡧࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕ࡢྥୖ࡜኱ᖜ࡞
ࢥࢫࢺ๐ῶࢆ◊✲ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ◊✲ᡂᯝࡣࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊྛ኱Ꮫࡢಶูヨ㦂➼ᗈࡃබⓗヨ㦂ࡢᨵၿ࡟ᙺ❧࡚࡚ࡶࡽࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ෆ࡛㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓᢏ⾡ࢆᗈࡃά⏝ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡓࡵࠊᢏ⾡ࡢẸ㛫⛣㌿࡟ດࡵ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ
 ➨ 1 ❶࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢᴫᛕ࡜ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢ౛ࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋ ➨ 2 ❶࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ୙ྍど 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ᪉ᘧࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࢆሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋ ➨ 3 ❶࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿබᖹ࡞ヨ㦂ᐇ᪋࡟㈨ࡍࡿ୰㛗ᮇⓗ࡞せ⣲ᢏ⾡ࡢ◊✲ࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋ ➨ 4 ❶࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿ≉ูၥ㢟ᡤෆ୍㈏సᡂࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨ≧ἣ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋ ➨ 5 ❶࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ෆ࡛㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓᢏ⾡ࢆᗈࡃά⏝ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡓࡵࠊ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿᢏ⾡ࡢẸ㛫⛣㌿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋ ⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ◊✲ᶵᵓࡣᖹᡂ 21 ᖺ 7 ᭶࡟‽ഛᐊࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀࠊ⩣ᖺᖹᡂ 22 ᖺ 4 ᭶࠿ࡽṇᘧ࡟Ⓨ㊊ࡋࡓࠋᖹᡂ 25 ᖺ 3 ᭶࡟⣙ 4 ࢝ᖺᗘࡢᖥࢆ㛢ࡌࡓࠋ ᮏሗ࿌᭩ࡣࠊࡇࡢ㛫ࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ᨭ᥼◊✲㒊㛛ࡢࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡ
ࢺ࡛◊✲࡜ᐇ㊶ࡢ୧❧ࢆ᪨࡟⾜ࡗࡓ◊✲ᡂᯝࢆࠊㅮ₇㘓ࡸㄽᩥ➼ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ྲྀࡾࡲ࡜ࡵࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿཷ㦂⪅ࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢཷ㦂⪅࡟බᖹ࡞ヨ㦂ࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ
࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢ◊✲ࡣࠊෆእඹ࡟⥴࡟ᑵ࠸ࡓࡤ࠿ࡾࡢẁ㝵࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᭦࡞ࡿ◊✲࡜ᐇ㊶ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➹⪅ࡽࡣ௒ᚋ࡜ࡶࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢ◊✲ࢆ⥆ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ

㻝࠾⣙᮰ࡋ࡚➹ࢆ⨨ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡇࡢ⣙ 4 ࢝ᖺᗘ㛫ࠊ◊✲ࡢᶵ఍࡜ᛌ㐺࡞◊✲⎔ቃࢆ୚࠼࡚ୗࡉࡗࡓ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮⌮஦㛗ྜྷᮏ㧗ᚿඛ⏕ཬࡧධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ◊✲ᶵᵓ㛗Ⲩ஭ඞᘯඛ⏕࡟ࠊᚰ࠿ࡽឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡿḟ➨࡛࠶ࡿࠋ◊✲࡟㝿ࡋࠊఱ࠿࡜౽ᐅࢆᅗࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓ⥲ົ௻⏬㒊⥲ົㄢᏛ⾡◊✲ಀࡢ⫋ဨࡢ᪉ࠎ࡟ࡣᚚ♩ࡢ⏦ࡋࡼ࠺ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠➼እ㒊㈨㔠ࢆཷࡅࡿᶵ఍ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓ⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே᪥ᮏᏛ⾡᣺⯆఍ཬࡧ⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே᪥ᮏ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡᣺⯆ᶵᵓ࡟ཌࡃឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡿࠋ ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢆ◊✲ࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ఱ࠿࡜ぶ㌟࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ᨭ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓ◊✲⿵బဨࡢ኱⃝ᙲᏊࡉࢇཬࡧ➉ෆಙ௦ࡉࢇ࡟ᚚ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡿࠋ
ᖹᡂ 25 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 14 ᪥⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ◊✲ᶵᵓ㞀ᐖ⪅ᨭ᥼㒊㛛ࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ◊✲ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ
⸨ⰾ ⾨
༡㇂࿴⠊

㻞

◊✲⤌⧊
㸺ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮㸼⸨ⰾ ⾨㸦⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ◊✲ᶵᵓ㸧༡㇂࿴⠊㸦⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ◊✲ᶵᵓ㸧㸺༠ຊ◊✲ဨ㸼㟷ᯇ฼᫂㸦⟃Ἴ኱Ꮫ௜ᒓどぬ≉ูᨭ᥼Ꮫᰯ㸧⃝ᓮ㝧ᙪ㸦㒔❧ᑠᖹ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ㸧㻟➨ 1 ❶ ࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ

㻡➨ 1 ⠇ ᴫせ ᮏሗ࿌᭩ࡢ⾲㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠕࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࠖࡢᴫᛕ࡜ࠊ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿࢭࣥ
ࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡈࡃ⡆༢࡟⤂௓ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃࠋ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂࡜ྖἲヨ㦂ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢ◊✲ࢆ౛࡟ࠊ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿබᖹ࡞ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚᥎ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋ ࡇࡢἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂ཬࡧྖἲヨ㦂ࡢཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨ࡢᨵၿࡢຠᯝࢆ౛࡟ࠊヨ㦂ࡢබᖹᛶࡀࡶ
ࡘព⩏࡜ᙺ๭࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿヨ㦂᪉ἲࡢᨵၿࡢཎືຊࡣࠊఱࡼࡾࡶࡲࡎࠊ㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᙜ஦⪅⮬㌟ࡢᨵၿ࡟ᑐࡍࡿពḧ࡜⇕ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡜♫఍࡟ᑐࡍࡿッ࠼࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊពḧ࡜⇕ពࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ✵ᅇࡾࢆࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡀࡕ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᗈࡃᚰ࠶ࡿேࡢඹឤࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࠋࡇ
ࡢᙜ஦⪅ࡢពḧ࡜⇕ពࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᚰ࠶ࡿேࡢඹឤࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚ึࡵ࡚Ỵᐃᶒࢆᣢࡘேࡢᚰࢆື࠿ࡍࡇ
࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ⤂௓ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃࠋ ࡲࡓࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢどぬ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࢆ౛࡟ࠊヨ㦂ࡣ㛤Ⓨᙜึ࠿ࡽබ
ᖹ࡟タィࡋ࡚࠾࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊᚋ࠿ࡽᨵၿࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶᚲࡎࡋࡶᐜ᫆࡞ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࠕࢸ
ࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࠖࡢ⌮ᛕ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋ
 ➨ 2 ⠇ࡣࠊᖹᡂ 24 ᖺ 9 ᭶࡟㛤࠿ࢀࡓᮾ໭࣮ࣟࣅࢪࣙࣥࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮2012ࠕどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅࡜኱Ꮫධヨ㹼ࢳࣕࣥࢫࡣᖹ➼࡟ࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ໬ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚㹼ࠖࡢㅮ₇㘓࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ➨ 3 ⠇ࡣࠊࠕࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࠖࢆ᝟ሗᢏ⾡ࡢ㛵ಀ⪅ྥࡅ࡟ᇳ➹ࡋࡓㄽᩥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
 ➨ 4 ⠇ࡣࠊࠕ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ኱ᏛධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ࡜ཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕ඲ᅜ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ㛗༠఍≉ูᨭ᥼Ꮫᰯ㒊఍఍ሗࠖ࡟ᇳ➹ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

㻣➨ 2 ⠇ どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅࡜኱Ꮫධヨࠕどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅࡜኱Ꮫධヨ㹼ࢳࣕࣥࢫࡣᖹ➼࡟ࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ໬ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚㹼ࠖ
⸨ⰾ ⾨ (2012 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 22 ᪥). ᮾ໭࣮ࣟࣅࢪࣙࣥࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ㅮ₇㘓.

㻥

どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅࡜኱Ꮫධヨࢳࣕࣥࢫࡣᖹ➼࡟ࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ໬ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚⸨ⰾ ⾨㸦኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧 ࡣࡌࡵ࡟

ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ヨ㦂ࡀබᖹ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡟ධࡗ࡚௨᮶ 31 ᖺ㛫࡟ࡿ࠿ࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿ࡜ඹ࡟ᨵၿ⟇ࢆᥦゝࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ୍㈏ࡋ࡚ࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹ

ࡲࡍࠋࢨ࢖ࣥࡢㄪᰝ◊✲୪ࡧ࡟㛤Ⓨ࡟ᦠࢃࡗ࡚ཧࡾ ࡲࡓࠊ⌧ᅾࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡟ࡣ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡀࡲࡋࡓࠋࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡣࠊ

࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࠊ㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ཬࡧㄞヨ㦂ࡢ㛤Ⓨᙜึ࠿ࡽ㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿཷ㦂⪅ࢆࡣᏐ㞀ᐖࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅➼ࠊᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡌࡵࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢཷ㦂⪅࡟බᖹ࡟㓄៖ࡋ࡚ヨ㦂ࡍࡿཷ㦂⪅ࡣࠊཷ㦂ࢆ᩿ᛕࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸≧ࢆタィࡍࡿᡭἲ࡛ࡍࠋ

ἣ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ᭱᪂ࡢぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊ◊✲࡜ᐇ㊶ࢆ୧❧ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ

࣮ࢻࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆ᪨࡟ࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢධヨ◊✲࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࡲ

㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢࡍࠋࡓࡔ༢࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿࢭ

࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟࡜ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟࡛ࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢၥ㢟సᡂ࡜ᐇ᪋ࡢᴗົ࡟ᦠࢃࡿ

ࡍࠋࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢ◊✲άື➼ࡀࣘࢽࣂ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ◊✲ᐊ࡛࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖࡛ࣥ㐺ษ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝

◊✲⿵బဨࡢ᪉㐩࡜୍⥴࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠺࠿ࢆㄪᰝ◊✲ࡍࡿ࡜ඹ࡟ࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿᶵ఍ࢆ

ཧࡾࡲࡋࡓ◊✲㛤Ⓨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⤂௓ࡉࡏ࡚࠸

ᤊ࠼࡚┿࡟ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ

ࡓࡵࠊㄪᰝ◊✲࡜㛤Ⓨ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡜ࢭࣥࢱ

 2003 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨࣮ࡢἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡢᶵ఍ࢆᤊ࠼
࡚ࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵど ᭱ึ࡟ࠊࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢ

ぬ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ

ᴫᛕ࡜኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨ࡢヨ㦂ࡢᐇ᪋᪉ἲࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚ཧࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲ

࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠾ヰࡋࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ

ࡓࠊㄪᰝ◊✲ࢆࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊලయⓗ࡟ヨ㦂ࡀ㐺ษ࡟ᐇ᪋࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊⅬᏐ ࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ

ၥ㢟ᡤෆ୍㈏సᡂࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࠊၥ㢟ࡢ ㏆ᖺࠊ࣭࣓࣮ࣟࣥࢫࡽࡣࠕࣂࣜ࢔ࣇ࣮ࣜ࠿㉁ࡢྥୖ࡜సᡂసᴗࡢຠ⋡໬ࠊࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕

ࡽࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡬ࠖ࡜ࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ

ࡢྥୖ࡜኱ᖜ࡞ࢥࢫࢺ๐ῶࢆ◊✲ࡋ࡚ཧࡾࡲ

ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢ㔜せᛶࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࣂ

ࡋࡓࠋࣜ࢔ࣇ࣮ࣜࡸ࢔ࢡࢭࢩࣈࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡣࠊ㞀ᐖ ࡇࡢ㐺ᛶヨ㦂᪉ἲࡢᨵၿ࡟క࠸ࠊྖἲヨ㦂⪅ࡀ┤㠃ࡍࡿಶࠎࡢ㞀ቨࢆ㝖ཤࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ

᪉ἲࡢᨵၿࡀㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋᙜࣘࢽࣂ࣮

ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡛ࡍࠋ

ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ◊✲ᐊ࡛ࡣྖἲヨ㦂ጤဨ఍࠿ࡽ ࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡣࠊ㛤ጤク◊✲ࢆཷὀࡋࠊᨵၿ᪉ἲࢆ◊✲ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾⓎᙜึ࠿ࡽࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢆࡣࡌࡵࡍ࡭࡚ࡢே࡟㓄ࡲࡍࠋ៖ࡋ࡚ࠊ⎔ቃࡸᘓ≀ࡸၟရࢆタィࡍࡿ࢖ࣥࢡ ୍᪉ࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡟ࡘࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࡶどぬ㞀࣮ࣝࢩࣈ࡞タィᡭἲ࡛ࡍࠋ࠸ࡗࡓࢇ⏕ࡲࢀࡓ㻝㻝㞀ቨࡣࠊᚋ࠿ࡽ᤼㝖ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᚲࡎࡋ

ࢪ (URL: http://www.dnc.ac.jp/modules/ࡶゎᾘ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋఱࡽ࠿ࡢ

center_exam/content0523.html㸧ࢆࡈぴࡃࡔᘢᐖࡀṧᏑࡍࡿ⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋタィᙜึ࠿ࡉ࠸ࠋࡽࡍ࡭࡚ࡢே࡟㓄៖ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡛ࡣࠕࢹࢨ࢖࣭ࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣭࣮࢜ࣝࠖ

2.2.1(ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢே࡟㓄៖ࡋࡓタィ)࡜ࡶ࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠾ どぬ㞀ᐖࡾࡲࡍࠋ どぬ㞀ᐖࡢ⛬ᗘࡣࠊどຊ࡜ど㔝Ḟᦆࡢ≧ែ ヨ㦂ࡢタィ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝ࡛ࡍࠋヨ㦂ࡣࠊ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ 4 ࡘ࡟኱ูࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ

㛤Ⓨᙜึ࠿ࡽࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢆࡣࡌࡵཷ㦂㈨᱁ࢆ᭷

 ➨ 1 ࡣࠊ㔜ᗘどぬ㞀ᐖ࡛ࡍࠋⅬᏐᖖ⏝⪅ࡣࡍࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿබᖹᛶ࡟ࠊᚭᗏ㔜ᗘどぬ㞀ᐖ࡜ㄆᐃࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ

ⓗ࡟㓄៖ࡋ࡚タィࡋ࡚࠾࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊᚋ࠿ࡽ

 ➨ 2 ࡣࠊᙉᗘᙅど࡛ࡍࠋⰋ࠸᪉ࡢ┠ࡢ▹ṇᨵၿࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶᐜ᫆࡞஦࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ

どຊࡀ 0.15 ௨ୗࠊࡲࡓࡣ୧║࡟ࡼࡿど⬟⋡ࡢ ୍⯡࡟ࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢᏛຊࡸ㐺ᛶࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡓᦆኻࡀ 90㸣௨ୖ࡛ࡍࠋ

ࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ㞀ᐖࡢせᅉࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࡛ࡁࡿ㝈ࡾ᤼㝖 ➨ 3 ࡣࠊ㍍ᗘᙅど࡛ࡍࠋ㏻ᖖࡢ࣐࣮ࢡࢩ࣮

ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢヨ㦂ࡀࢺ࡟࣐࣮ࢡࡀᅔ㞴࡞⛬ᗘ࡛ࡍࠋᐃ┠ᶆ࡜ࡍࡿᏛຊࡸ㐺ᛶࢆࠊ೺ᖖ⪅࡜බᖹ࡟

㞀ᐖูࡢᴫせ ➨ 4 ࡣࠊࡑࡢ௚ࡢᙅど࡛ࡍࠋᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ⫈ぬ㞀ᐖ 2006 ᖺ࡟ᅜ㐃ࡀ᥇ᢥࡋࡓࠕ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢᶒ฼࡟ ⫈ぬ㞀ᐖࡣࠊ୧⪥ࡢᖹᆒ⫈ຊࣞ࣋ࣝࡀ

㛵ࡍࡿ᮲⣙࡛ࠖࡣࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿヨ㦂ࡢ㛤60dB ௨ୖࡢ⪅࡜ࡑࡢ௚࡟኱ูࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋࡲ

Ⓨ࡜ᐇ᪋࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊྜ⌮ⓗ࡞㓄៖ࡀồࡵࡽࡓࠊⱥㄒࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࣜ

ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋྜ⌮ⓗ࡞㓄៖࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ᮲⣙ࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࡢཷ㦂ࡀᅔ㞴࡞㔜ᗘࡢ⫈ぬ㞀࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢヨ㦂ཬࡧヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ᶵ㛵ࡑࢀ⮬యࡢᐖ࡜ࡑࡢ௚࡟኱ูࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ

Ꮡ⥆ࡀᅔ㞴࡜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ྜ⌮ⓗ࡜ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ ⫥య୙⮬⏤㐣ᗘࡢ㈇ᢸ࡛࡞࠸㝈ࡾࠊヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ᶵ㛵࡟ࡣࠊ ⫥య୙⮬⏤ࡣࠊయᖿࡲࡓࡣ୧ୖ⫥ࡢᶵ⬟㞀㓄៖ࡢබᖹᛶࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ㈐௵ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀつᐖࡀⴭࡋ࠸⪅࡜ࡑࡢ௚࡟኱ูࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋࢳ࢙

ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

ࢵࢡゎ⟅࡜௦➹ゎ⟅ࡢゎ⟅᪉ἲࡢ㐪࠸࡜ヨ㦂 ⌧ᅾࠊ᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡣ᮲⣙ࡢᢈ෸࡟ྥࡅ࡚సᴗ

᫬㛫ࡢᘏ㛗ᥐ⨨࡟ࡼࡾ኱ูࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ

ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ⑓ᙅ ⑓ᙅࡣࠊ⑓ᙅࡸയ⑓➼࡟ࡼࡾࠊཷ㦂≉ูᥐ ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨⨨ࢆᕼᮃࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ヨ㦂ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ㞀ᐖࡢ✀㢮࡜⛬ Ⓨ㐩㞀ᐖᗘ࡜࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ࠊ✀ࠎࡢཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨ࢆ‽ഛࡋ Ⓨ㐩㞀ᐖࡣࠊ⮬㛢⑕ࠊ࢔ࢫ࣮࣌ࣝ࢞⑕ೃ⩌ࠊ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

ᗈỗᛶⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࠊᏛ⩦㞀ᐖࠊὀពḞ㝗ከືᛶ 㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅ࡢ᭷ࡍࡿ㞀ᐖࡣࠊどぬ㞀ᐖࠊ⫈㞀ᐖࡢࡓࡵࠊ≉ู࡞ᥐ⨨ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛

ぬ㞀ᐖࠊ⫥య୙⮬⏤ࠊ⑓ᙅࠊⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࠊཬࡧ

ࡍࠋ2011 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽᥐ⨨ࡉࢀࡓ㡿ᇦ࡛ࡍࠋᮏᖺ

ࡑࡢ௚࡟኱ูࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ୰࡟ࡣ㔜」(2012 ᖺ) 1 ᭶ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࠿ࡽヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡶྵࡲࢀࡲࡍࠋ

㛗ᥐ⨨ࡀㅮࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡛ᥐ⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 6 ࡘࡢ㞀ᐖ ࡑࡢ௚ࡢ㞀ᐖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡈࡃ⡆༢࡟⤂௓ࡋࡲࡍࠋཷ㦂≉ู ࡑࡢ௚ࡣࠊ௨ୖࡢ㞀ᐖ௨እ࡟≉ูࡢᥐ⨨ࢆᥐ⨨ࡢヲ⣽ࡣ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢ࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ

㻝㻞

2.2.2࡜ྖἲヨ㦂ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨

ࡳ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⤂௓ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ ཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨ࡣࠊ4 ࡘ࡟኱ูࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࠊゎ⟅᪉ἲࠊヨ㦂᫬㛫ࡢᘏ㛗ᥐ⨨ࠊࡑ ἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹ

ࡢ௚ࡢᥐ⨨࡛ࡍࠋࢨ࢖ࣥ ヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡣࠊ㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡢၥ㢟෉Ꮚࢆㄞࡴࡇ
࡜ࡀᅔ㞴࡞ࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ༳ๅ≀ㄞ᭩ᅔ㞴⪅࡟ᑐ ྖἲヨ㦂ไᗘࡢᨵ㠉࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࠊ2003 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡋ࡚ࡣ㐺ษ࡞ࢸࢫࢺ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔࡛ฟ㢟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡽࠊ⿢ุᐁࡸ᳨ᐹᐁཬࡧᘚㆤኈࡢἲ᭪ேࡢ㣴ࡀᚲせ࡛ࡍࠋ

ᡂᶵ㛵࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔ࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡛ࡣࠊ㔜ᗘどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅⏝࡟ࡣࠊࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔ࡢ㑅ᢤࡢඹ㏻ヨ㦂࡜ࡋⅬᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡀࠊᙅど⪅ཬࡧⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅⏝࡟࡚ࠊἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲ

ࡣ㏻ᖖࡢၥ㢟෉Ꮚ(10 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࠊ᫂ᮅయࡢ෉ࡍࠋᏊ)࡜ඹ࡟ᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚ(14 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࠊࢦ ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡶࠊᅜ❧ࡢヨ㦂ᶵ㛵࡜ࡋࢩࢵࢡయࡢ෉Ꮚ)ࡀ⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

࡚ࠊ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂 ⌧ᅾࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡛ࡣ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡣᮍࡔ‽ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀጞࡲࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂ഛࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊᐇ⏝໬ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚᪂࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊἲົ㈈ᅋࡢἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔඲ᅜ⤫୍㐺

ࡋ࠸ 2 ࡘࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆ㛤Ⓨ୰࡛ࡍࠋ⣬࡜㖄➹ᛶヨ㦂ࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

ࡢࢸࢫࢺࡢ㖄➹ࢆ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢫ࢟ࣕࢼ௜ࡢ ἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡣࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ

ࢹࢪࢱࣝ㡢ኌࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟⨨ࡁ᭰࠼ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ

ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆ┿࡟ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿᚅࡕ࡟ᚅࡗࡓዲᶵ

ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟࡜ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀఍ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࠊᙜࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ◊✲ᐊ⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ 2 ࡘࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

࡛ࡣ◊✲࡟╔ᡭࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡲࡓࠊࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࡟ࡼࡿฟ㢟᪉ἲࡶ◊✲ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃἲ࠸ࡓࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

3.2.1

 ゎ⟅᪉ἲࡣࠊ㏻ᖖࡢ࣐࣮ࢡࢩ࣮ࢺࡀ౑⏝࡛ ᙜ◊✲ᐊ࡛ࡣࠊヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢᐃ㔞ⓗ࡞ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡟ࡣࠊⅬᏐ࡟ࡼࡿゎ⟅ࠊᩥᏐ࡟ࡼ

᥎ᐃἲࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨ࡢࡿゎ⟅ࠊࢳ࢙ࢵࢡ࡟ࡼࡿゎ⟅ࠊ௦➹࡟ࡼࡿゎタィ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡࡜ヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢ⟅ࡀྍ⬟࡛ࡍࠋ

୍㒊ච㝖ᥐ⨨ࡣࠊ௚ࡢཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨࡜ࡣ␗࡞ ヨ㦂᫬㛫ࡢᘏ㛗ᥐ⨨࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡇࡢᚋ⤂௓

ࡾࠊᚓⅬ➼ࠊヨ㦂ࡢᡂ⦼࡟┤᥋ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ

ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ

බᖹᛶ࡟༑ศ㓄៖ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ஦๓ ࡑࡢ௚ཷ㦂᱌ෆ࡟౛♧ࡉࢀࡓ஦㡯ࡀ⏦ㄳྍ࡟ࠊᐇ㦂࡟ࡼࡾࢸࢫࢺ࣭ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ཰㞟ࡋ࡚ࠊ⬟࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ౛♧ࡉࢀࡓ஦㡯௨እ࡟ࡶ⏦ㄳ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿබᖹ࠿ࡘ㐺ษ࡞ヨ㦂᫬㛫ࡀྍ⬟࡛ࡍࠋ

ᘏ㛗⋡ࢆࠊᐃ㔞ⓗ࡟᥎ᐃࡋ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊヨ㦂ࡣࠊࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࢸࢫࢺ࡜ࣃ࣡ ἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂࡜ྖἲヨ㦂ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢸࢫࢺ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ 2 ࡘࡢഃ㠃ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ

࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ ᴫせࡲࡍࠋ ࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡣࠊ㛤Ⓨᙜ ࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࢸࢫࢺࡣࠊ୍ᐃࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ෆ࡟ఱึ࠿ࡽࠊ㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿཷ㦂⪅ࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊࡍ࡭

ၥṇ⟅ࡍࡿ࠿ࢆၥ࠺ヨ㦂࡛ࡍࠋ࡚ࡢཷ㦂⪅࡟බᖹ࡟㓄៖ࡋ࡚ヨ㦂ࢆタィࡍࡿ ୍᪉ࠊࣃ࣮࣡ࢸࢫࢺࡣࠊཷ㦂⪅ࡢ 80㸣࡞࠸ᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ

ࡋ 90㸣ࡀゎ⟅ࢆ⤊஢ྍ⬟࡞ヨ㦂᫬㛫ෆ࡟ṇࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂⟅ࡋࡓᚓⅬࢆၥ࠺ヨ㦂࡛ࡍࠋ㻝㻟ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 1 ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊヨ㦂ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ

᫬㛫ࢆไ㝈ࡋ࡞࠸సᴗไ㝈ἲ࡛཰㞟ࡋࡓࢸࢫ ゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ 80㸣ࢆ⾲ࡍ 0.80 ࡢᶓ⥺ࢆᘬ࠸ࢺ࣭ࢹ࣮ࢱ࠿ࡽࠊ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅࡚ࡳࡲࡍࠋ⩌ࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤⥺ࢆసᡂࡋࠊẚ㍑ࡋ࡚᥎ᐃ ࡇࡢᶓ⥺࡜ゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤⥺ࡢ஺Ⅼࡢ x ᗙᶆࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

ࡀࠊゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ 80㸣ࡢ᫬ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫࡛ࡍࠋ ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 1 ࡣࠊ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢసᴗไ㝈ἲx ᗙᶆࡣ 122.2 ศ࡛ࡍࠋࡶࡋࠊࡇࡢヨ㦂ࢆヨࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤⥺࡛ࡍࠋ㦂᫬㛫 122.2 ศ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡍࢀࡤࠊࡇࡢヨ㦂ࡣࣃ ヨ㦂ࡀጞࡲࡗ࡚࠿ࡽࠊヨ㦂᫬㛫ࡢ⤒㐣࡜ඹ࣮࣡ࢸࢫࢺ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

࡟ࠊゎ⟅ࢆ⤊஢ࡋࡓ⿕㦂⪅ࡢ๭ྜࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢヨ㦂ࢆᐇ㝿࡟ࣃ࣮࣡ࢸࢫࢺ

ゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ࡀቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᵝᏊࢆࣉࣟࢵࢺࡋ

࡛ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤⥺ࡀ࡜ࡗ࡚࠶

ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᶓ㍈ࡀゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࠊ⦪㍈ࡀゎࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛㔜ࡡ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ

⟅⤊஢⋡࡛ࡍࠋ ኴ⥺ࡀࣃ࣮࣡ࢸࢫࢺࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤⥺࡛ࡍࠋ್࡛ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆไ㝈ࡋ࡞࠸సᴗไ

ࡍࠋࡇࡢ㸩࣐࣮ࢡࡀᥥࡃ᭤⥺ࡀࠊゎ⟅⤊஢⋡㝈ἲࡢ⣽⥺ࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤⥺࡜ࠊヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆ᭤⥺࡛ࡍࠋไ㝈ࡋࡓࣃ࣮࣡ࢸࢫࢺࡢኴ⥺ࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤ ⣽⥺ࡣࠊゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤⥺ࢆ࡞ࡵࡽ࠿࡞᭤⥺⥺ࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

࡛⾲ࡍ࡜ඹ࡟ᩘᘧ࡛⾲ࡍࡓࡵ࡟᥎ᐃࡋࡓࠊ࣡ ゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࡢᖹᆒ್ࡣࠊヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆไ㝈࢖ࣈࣝศᕸ㛵ᩘࡢࢢࣛࣇ࡛ࡍࠋ

ࡋࡓࣃ࣮࣡ࢸࢫࢺࡢ᪉ࡀࠊసᴗไ㝈ἲࡼࡾࡶ ࡇࡇ࡛ࠊࣃ࣮࣡ࢸࢫࢺࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫࡛࠶ࡿゎ

9 ศ⛬ᗘ㛗ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆไ㝈ࡋࡓ⟅⤊஢⋡ 80㸣ࡢ᫬ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࢆồࡵ࡚᪉ࡀࠊゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࡢᖹᆒ್ࡀ㏫࡟㛗ࡃ࡞ࡿ ⏬㠃ࡢ㸩࣐࣮ࢡࡣࠊゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ࡢᐇ㻝㻠࡜࠸࠺ࠊ㏫ㄝⓗ࡞⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

2003 ᖺᗘ࡟ጞࡲࡾ 2010 ᖺᗘ࡟⤊஢࡜࡞ࡾࡲ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆไ㝈ࡋࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ⮬ࡋࡓࠋ↛࡞ゎ⟅⾜ືࡀほᐹ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ ἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡣࠊ➨ 1 㒊ࠕ᥎ㄽ࣭ศ

ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃ࡟ࡣࠊసᴗไ㝈ἲࡢࢸᯒຊࠖ࡜➨ 2 㒊ࠕㄞゎ࣭⾲⌧ຊࠖࡢ 2 ⛉┠࡛ࢫࢺ࣭ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

ࡍࠋ ⅬᏐ౑⏝ཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡣࠊ

3.2.2

ࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖࡛ࣥタィࡉࢀ࡚ἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ࡢ๓ᖺ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓ᪋⾜㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢸࢫࢺࡢࢸࢫࢺ࣭ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊ᥎ᐃࡋࡲ

ᘏ㛗⋡ࢆ᥎ᐃࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ

ࡋࡓࠋ ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡣࠊࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 2 ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 2 ࡣࠊ➨ 1 㒊ࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤⥺࡛ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

ࡍࠋᕥഃࡢ⣽⥺ࡀࠊ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡢ೺ᖖ 㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡣࠊྖἲヨ㦂࡜ྠᵝࠊࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࢸ

⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤⥺࡛ࡍࠋࢫࢺⓗഴྥࡢᙉ࠸ヨ㦂࡛ࡍࠋ ྑഃࡢኴ⥺ࡀࠊⅬᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡢどぬ㞀ᐖ⿕ ࡇࡢᶓ⥺࡜ゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤⥺ࡢ஺Ⅼࡢ x ᗙᶆ㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤⥺࡛ࡍࠋࡣࠊ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡀ 43.21 ศࠊどぬ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂 ㏻ᖖࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ෆ࡟೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡀ฿㐩ࡍ⪅⩌ࡀ 61.16 ศ࡛ࡍࠋࡿゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ࡀࠊูࡢᐇ㦂࡛ 0.390 ࡜᥎ᐃࡉ ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣࠊ㏻ᖖࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ෆ࡟ゎ⟅ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋᶓ⥺ࡣࠊࡇࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ 0.390⤊஢⋡ࡀ 0.390 ࡟฿㐩ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛࡟ゎ⟅ᡤ㻝㻡せ᫬㛫ࡀ 43.21 ศ࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ୍᪉ࠊ

ࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ➨ 1 㒊ࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡣࠊどぬ㞀

どぬ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣࡑࢀࡲ࡛࡟ 61.16 ศࡶ࠿ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫 61.16 ศࢆࠊ೺ᖖ

࠿ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫 43.21 ศ࡛๭ࡗࡓ ࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ 0.390 ࡲ࡛どぬ㞀ᐖ

1.42ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ 1.42 ಸ࡜ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

⿕㦂⪅⩌࡟ゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࢆ➼ࡋࡃಖ㞀ࡍࡿࡓࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 3 ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 3 ࡣࠊၥ㢟ᩥࡀ㛗࠸➨ 2 㒊ࠕㄞゎ࣭೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅ࡢ 1.5 ಸࠊ㛗ᩥࡢ➨ 2 㒊ࡀ 2.0 ಸ⾲⌧ຊࠖࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤⥺࡛ࡍࠋ⣽⥺ࡀ೺ᖖ࡟タィࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ

⿕㦂⪅⩌ࠊኴ⥺ࡀどぬ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡛ࡍࠋ ྖἲヨ㦂▷⟅ᘧヨ㦂ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ

 ㏻ᖖࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ෆ࡟೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡀ฿㐩ࡍ࢖ࣥࡿゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ࡣ 0.318 ࡜᥎ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ

⫼ᬒࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡢ 0.318 ࡟฿㐩ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣゎ⟅ᡤ

3.3.1

せ᫬㛫ࡣࠊ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡀ 39.82 ศࠊどぬ㞀 ἲົ┬ྖἲヨ㦂ጤဨ఍ࡣࠊ㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᚿ

ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡀ 78.43 ศࡶ࠿࠿ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡓ

㢪⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿྖἲヨ㦂ࡢᨵၿ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࢆࡵࠊ➨ 2 㒊ࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡣ 78.43 ศ/39.82

እ㒊࡟ጤクࡍࡿ࡜ඹ࡟ࠊࡑࡢሗ࿌࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁᨵ

ศ㸻1.97ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ1.97 ಸ࡜᥎ᐃࡍࡿᚲせၿᥐ⨨ࢆㅮࡌ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡀ ࡇࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤⥺࡟ࡼࡿ᥎ᐃ್࡜ࠊㄝ᫂

ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓ 2003 ᖺᙜ᫬ࠊྖἲヨ㦂ࡣ➨ 1 ḟࡣ┬␎ࡋࡲࡍࡀᚓⅬ཰ᚓ⋡᭤⥺࡟ࡼࡿ᥎ᐃ್

ヨ㦂࡜➨ 2 ḟヨ㦂࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ

࡜ࢆຍ࿡ࡋ࡚ࠊヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡣࠊ➨ 1 㒊ࡀ

4 ᖺไ኱༞⪅࡟ࡣ➨ 1 ḟヨ㦂ࡀච㝖ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ㻝㻢 ➨ 2 ḟヨ㦂ࡢ᭱ึࡢヨ㦂ࡣ▷⟅ᘧヨ㦂࡛ࡍࠋἲヨ㦂ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢ◊✲ࠊཬࡧ▷⟅ᘧヨ㦂ࡣࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡜ྠᵝࠊከ⫥㑅ᢥ

2004 ᖺᗘ࡟ᙅどཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿྖἲヨ㦂ࡢၥ㢟࡛ࡍࠋ▷⟅ᘧヨ㦂ࡢྜ᱁⪅ࡢࡳࡀࠊḟࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢ◊✲ࢆཷὀ⮴ࡋࡲࡋẁ㝵ࡢㄽᩥᘧヨ㦂ࡢཷ㦂㈨᱁ࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ

ࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࡑࡢྜ᱁⪅࡟ཱྀ㢌ヨ㦂ࡢཷ㦂㈨᱁ࡀ

 ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࠊᙅどཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿྖἲヨ㦂▷୚࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ

⟅ᘧヨ㦂ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂ ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ

௓࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ

◊✲ᐊࡣࠊἲົ┬ྖἲヨ㦂ጤဨ఍࠿ࡽࠊ2003
ᖺᗘ࡟ⅬᏐ౑⏝ࡢ㔜ᗘどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿྖ

ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 43.3.2⪅࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ㐣ཤၥࡀ౑⏝࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊఀᐇ㦂᪉ἲ ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 4 ࡣᐇ㦂㢼ᬒ࡛ࡍࠋ⸨┿ሿࡢࡈཌព࡛ࠊᶍᨃヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢᥦ౪ࢆ࠸ ⿕㦂⪅ࡣ 2 ⩌࡛ࡍࠋᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣࠊ㐣ཤࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ

3 ࢝ᖺ㛫࡟▷⟅ᘧヨ㦂ࢆཷ㦂ࡋࡓࠊᙅどཷ㦂 ၥ㢟ࡣࠊㄢ㢟 1 ࡜ㄢ㢟 2 ࡢ 2 ࢭࢵࢺ࡛ࡍࠋ

⪅ 31 ྡ୰ࡢ 10 ྡ࡛ࡍࠋ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣࠊ㐣 ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 5 ࡣ᭱㐺໬ᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡢᩥཤ࡟▷⟅ᘧヨ㦂࡟ྜ᱁ࡋࡓࠊ೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅ 20Ꮠࣇ࢛ࣥࢺ࡜ᩥᏐࢧ࢖ࢬ࡛ࡍࠋྡ࡛ࡍࠋ ୧⿕㦂⪅⩌࡟ฟ㢟ࡍࡿၥ㢟ࡣྠ୍࡛ࡍࠋࡋ ヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡣࠊ᠇ἲ࣭Ẹἲ࣭ฮἲࡢ 3 ⛉┠ࡢ࠿ࡋࠊၥ㢟ࡢᩥᏐࢧ࢖ࢬ࡜ᩥᏐࣇ࢛ࣥࢺཬࡧ

▷⟅ᘧᶍᨃヨ㦂ၥ㢟࡛ࡍࠋ⿕㦂⪅ࡣཷ㦂⤒㦂ࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

㻝㻣ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 5 ㄢ㢟 1 ࡣࠊᙅど⿕㦂⪅ࡀᐇ㝿ࡢ▷⟅ᘧヨ㦂⏬㠃ࡢゎ⟅␒ྕḍࡢᙜヱ㑅ᢥ⫥࣎ࢱࣥࢆ㟁Ꮚ࡛ཷ㦂ࡋࡓ෉Ꮚᙧᘧ࡛ࡍࠋ㏻ᖖࡢ෉Ꮚࡣࠊ᫂

࡛࣌ࣥࢱࢵࢳࡋࡲࡍ࡜㑅ᢥ⫥࣎ࢱࣥࡀ཯㌿ࡋࠊᮅయ 10 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ A4 ⦪㛗࡛ࡍࠋᣑ኱ᩥᏐ෉Ꮚ

ゎ⟅ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ

ࡣࠊ᫂ᮅయ 14 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ A3 ⦪㛗࡛ࡍࠋ ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 7 ࡣ Computer-Based Test (CBT) ㄢ㢟 2 ࡣࠊ᭱㐺໬ၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡛ࡍࠋ᭱㐺໬ၥࡢࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ⏬㠃࡛ࡍࠋ㢟෉Ꮚࡣࠊᐇ㦂๓࡟᭱㐺໬ࡋࡓၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡢぢ ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡟ࡣྠᵝ࡟ࢱࣈࣞࢵࢺ࣭ࢥࣥ

ᮏࢆ⿕㦂⪅࡟㏦௜ࡋࠊࡑࡢ୰࠿ࡽᙅど⿕㦂⪅ࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࡛㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ CBT ࡛ฟ㢟ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ

ࡀ㑅ᢥࡋࡓ 9 ✀㢮࡛ࡍࠋ᭱㐺໬ၥ㢟෉Ꮚᙧᘧࡑࡢ᧯సឤぬࡣ⣬࡜㖄➹ࡢࢸࢫࢺ࡜࡯ࡰྠᵝࡣࠊᩥᏐࣇ࢛ࣥࢺࡀ 3 ✀㢮(᫂ᮅయࠊࢦࢩࢵࢡ

࡛ࡍࠋ㟁Ꮚ࣌ࣥ 1 ᮏ࡛ၥ㢟ࢆㄞࡳゎ⟅ࡍࡿࡇయࠊᴠ᭩య)ࠊᩥᏐࢧ࢖ࢬࡀ 4 ✀㢮(10 ࣏࢖ࣥ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛ࡍࠋ

ࢺࠊ14 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࠊ20 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࠊ28 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ)ࠊ
ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ෉Ꮚᙧᘧࡀ 3 ✀㢮(A4 ⦪ࠊA3 ⦪ࠊA3 ᶓ)࡛ࡍࠋ

3.3.3

 ᡭ⥆ࡁࡣࠊヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆไ㝈ࡋ࡞࠸సᴗไ㝈 ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 8 ࡣ 3 ⛉┠⥲ྜࡢᚓⅬศᕸࡢ⟽ࡦἲ࡛ゎ⟅ࢆồࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋ

ࡆᅗ࡛ࡍࠋ ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 6 ࡣࠊ㟁Ꮚ࣐࣮ࢡࢩ࣮ࢺࡢࢥࣥࣆ ᠇ἲ࣭Ẹἲ࣭ฮἲࡢ 3 ⛉┠⥲ྜࡢᚓⅬࡣࠊ࣮ࣗࢱ⏬㠃࡛ࡍࠋᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ᪉ࡀࠊ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡼࡾࡶ࠿ ᙅど⿕㦂⪅࡟ࡣၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡛ฟ㢟ࡋࠊࢱࣈࣞ

࡞ࡾప࠸ࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣࠊࡍ࡭࡚

ࢵࢺ࣭ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࡛㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ㟁Ꮚ࣐࣮ࢡࢩ

▷⟅ᘧヨ㦂ࡢྜ᱁⪅࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡛ࡍࠋ

࣮ࢺࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚ゎ⟅ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋᾮᬗ

㻝㻤ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 6

ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 7㻝㻥ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 8ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 9㻞㻜 ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 9 ࡣ 3 ⛉┠⥲ྜࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࡢど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ᭤⥺࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊྑୖࡀࡾࡢ࡞

⟽ࡦࡆᅗ࡛ࡍࠋ

ࡵࡽ࠿࡞᭤⥺ࡣࠊゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤⥺ࢆᖹ⁥໬ࡋࠊ ᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࡣࠊ೺ᖖ⿕㦂ᩘᘧ࡛⾲ࡍࡓࡵ࡟ᙜ࡚ࡣࡵࡓ࣡࢖ࣈࣝศᕸ㛵⪅⩌ࡼࡾ 1.5 ಸ௨ୖࠊゎ⟅࡟᫬㛫ࢆせࡋ࡚࠾ᩘࡢࢢࣛࣇ࡛ࡍࠋࡾࡲࡍࠋ ⿕㦂⪅⣼✚ᆺゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤⥺ࡣࠊᶓ㍈࡟ゎ ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 10 ࡣࠊㄢ㢟 1 ࡢ 3 ⛉┠⥲ྜࡢ⿕⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࢆ࡜ࡾࠊ⦪㍈࡟ゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ࢆྲྀࡾࠊ㦂⪅⣼✚ᆺゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤⥺࡛ࡍࠋ⿕㦂⪅ࡀゎ⟅ࢆ⤊஢ࡍࡿࡓࡧ࡟ゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ ▷⟅ᘧヨ㦂ࡢሙྜࠊ3 ᫬㛫༙(210 ศ)ࡢヨ㦂(ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊゎ⟅ࢆ⤊஢ࡋࡓ⿕㦂⪅ࡢ๭ྜ)ࢆ

᫬㛫ෆ࡟᠇ἲ࣭Ẹἲ࣭ฮἲࡢ 3 ⛉┠ࡀ୍⥴࡟⟬ฟࡋࠊࣉࣟࢵࢺࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ

ฟ㢟ࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ ⿕㦂⪅⣼✚ᆺᚓⅬ཰ᚓ⋡᭤⥺ࡣࠊゎ⟅⤊஢

3 ⛉┠⥲ྜࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢಸ⋡ࡢศᕸ࠿ࡽࡢ᥎

⋡᭤⥺ࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ࢆᚓⅬ཰ᚓ⋡(ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ

ᐃࡀ㐺ษ࡛ࡍࠋ

ࡑࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࡲ࡛࡟཰ᚓࡋࡓᚓⅬࡢ๭ ゎ⟅㏿ᗘཬࡧゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢಸ⋡ࡢศᕸࡣࠊ⿕ྜ)࡛⨨ࡁ᥮࠼ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ

㦂⪅⣼✚ᆺゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤⥺࠿ࡽ⟬ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ ࣡࢖ࣈࣝศᕸ㛵ᩘࡢ㏫㛵ᩘࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ

ࡀྍ⬟࡛ࡍࠋ

ィ⟬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ࡲࡓࡣᚓⅬ཰ᚓ⋡ ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 10 ࡢᕥഃࡢྑୖࡀࡾࡢ᭤⥺ࡀࠊ࠿ࡽࠊゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ᭤⥺࡛ࡍࠋྑഃࡢ᭤⥺ࡀࠊᙅ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 10 ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 11 ࡣࠊ2 ㄢ㢟⥲ྜࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ู⩌࡟ᑐࡍࡿ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢಸ⋡࡛

ࡲࡓࡣᚓⅬ཰ᚓ⋡ูゎ⟅㏿ᗘ࡜ࠊᙅど⿕㦂⪅ࡍࠋ㻞㻝ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 11

 2 ㄢ㢟⥲ྜࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢಸ⋡ࡢศᕸࡣࠊゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ࡲࡓࡣᚓⅬ཰ᚓ⋡࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠊ㞀ᐖ⿕⟅⤊஢⋡ 0.20㹼0.80 ࡲ࡛ 1.6 ಸ㹼1.7 ಸ࡛ࡋ㦂⪅⩌࡟ᑐࡍࡿ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢಸࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᚓⅬ཰ᚓ⋡ูゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢಸ⋡ࡢศ⋡ࡢ್ࢆࠊ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅⩌࡟ᑐࡍࡿヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏᕸࡶྠᵝ࡟ 1.6 ಸ㹼1.7 ಸ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ

㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃ್࡜ࡋࡲࡍࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊᐇ㝿ࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫࡟࠾ࡅࡿゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢಸ⋡ࡀ 1.5 ಸ࡛࠶ࢀ3.3.4

ࡤࠊ೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅⩌ࡢ 1.5 ಸࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆಖ㞀⪃ᐹ ➨ 1 ࡟ࠊᙅどཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿ▷⟅ᘧヨ㦂ࡢࡍࢀࡤࠊゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡀ㐜࠸㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅⩌ࡶࠊ㞀ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢ 1.25 ಸ࠿ࡽᑡ࡞ࡃᐖࡢせᅉࡢᙳ㡪ࢆࡉ࡯࡝ཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃゎ⟅࡜ࡶ 1.5 ಸ࡟ᘏ㛗ࡍࡿᚲせᛶࡀぢฟࡉࢀࡲࡋ

ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡓࠋ ᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢࠊ2 ㄢ㢟⥲ྜࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ 㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃ᭤⥺࠿ࡽồࡵࡓゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢಸ⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃ್ࡣࠊ

⌮ᛕࡣࠊᐇ㝿ࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ෆ࡟೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅⩌ࡀ

1.6 ಸ㹼1.7 ಸ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ⿕㦂⪅⣼✚ᆺᚓ฿㐩ࡍࡿྠࡌゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ࡲࡓࡣᚓⅬ཰ᚓ⋡ࡲⅬ཰ᚓ⋡᭤⥺࠿ࡽồࡵࡓゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢಸ⋡ࡢ᥎࡛ࡣࠊ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅⩌࡟ࡶヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆ➼ࡋࡃಖᐃ್ࡶࠊྠᵝ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ㞀ࡋࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ Ⰻ࠸᪉ࡢ┠ࡢ▹ṇどຊࡀ 0.1 ௨ୗࡢᙉᗘᙅ ヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆไ㝈ࡋ࡞࠸సᴗไ㝈ἲ࡛ࠊࡑࡢどཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ 1.5 ಸࡣࠊ

ヨ㦂ࢆ௬࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓሙྜࠊ㏻ᖖࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ෆᚲࡎࡋࡶ㐣๫࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ▷⟅ᘧ࡟೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅⩌ࡀ฿㐩ࡍࡿゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ࡲࡓࡣ

ヨ㦂ࡣࠊࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࢸࢫࢺⓗഴྥࡢᙉ࠸ヨ㦂࡛ᚓⅬ཰ᚓ⋡ࢆ᥎ᐃࡋࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡓゎࡍࠋ೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅ࡀࠊ㏻ᖖࡢ▷⟅ᘧヨ㦂ࡢヨ㦂㻞㻞᫬㛫ෆ࡟฿㐩ࡍࡿゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ࡣ 0.30㹼0.39ࠊ

ࡣࠊ2.0 ಸ࡟タィࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ

ᚓⅬ཰ᚓ⋡ࡶ 0.24㹼0.35 ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ

ⅬᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡶᡤෆ୍㈏༳ๅࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ᪂ࡓ

ࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࢸࢫࢺⓗഴྥࡀᙉࡃタィࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡚

࡟㛤Ⓨࡋࠊࡼࡾㄞࡳࡸࡍࡃసᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲ

ࡶࠊ೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅ࡣゎ⟅㏿ᗘࢆ㏿ࡵ࡚࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡋࡓࠋᑐᛂࡀྍ⬟࡛ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᙉᗘᙅどཷ㦂⪅➼ࠊ 㐣ཤ 8 ࢝ᖺᗘࡢⅬᏐ࡟ࡼࡿཷ㦂⪅ࡣࠊ5 ྡ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅ࡣࠊㄞ᭩㏿ᗘࡸ᳨⣴㏿ᗘ࡟㞀ᐖࢆ࡜᥎᭷ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊゎ⟅㏿ᗘࢆୖࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡍࠋゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢಸ⋡ࡀ 1.7 ಸ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ヨ㦂᫬ ⌧ᅾࠊࡇࡢ 5 ྡࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ3 ྡࡀἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ 1.5 ಸࡣࠊᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ㐣๫࡞ࡶࡢ࡛

࡟ྜ᱁ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋྜ᱁⋡ࡣ 60㸣࡛ࡍࠋࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ 2 ྡࡣࡍ࡛࡟ྖἲヨ㦂࡟ྜ᱁ࡋࠊ

 ➨ 2 ࡟ࠊᙅどཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟ᘚㆤኈ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ࠶࡜ 1 ேࡶ෉ᏊࡢᩥᏐࣇ࢛ࣥࢺࢆࠊᚑ᮶ࡢ᫂ᮅయ࠿ࡽࢦ

ἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔࡟ྜ᱁ࡋࠊྖἲヨ㦂ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠾ࢩࢵࢡయ࡟ᨵၿࡍࡿ஦ࡀᮃࡲࢀࡲࡍࠋࡾࡲࡍࠋ ▷⟅ᘧヨ㦂ࡣࠊࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࢸࢫࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚タィ ୍᪉ࠊṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔࡟ྜ᱁ࡋ࡞࠿

ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᙅどཷ㦂⪅ࡣゎ⟅㏿ᗘࢆ㏿ࡵ࡚ࡗࡓ 2 ேࡶࠊ1ࠊ2 ᖺᚋ࡟ἲ᭪⏺࠿ࡽ᪂ࡓ࡞㐨ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ࡛ࡁࡿ㝈ࡾၥ㢟෉Ꮚࢆ᭱࡟㐍ࡳά㌍ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ1 ேࡣࠊ┣Ꮫᰯࡢ㐺໬ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᩥᏐࣇ࢛ࣥࢺࡣࠊ

ᩍᖌ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ௚ࡢ 1 ேࡶࠊ₎Ꮠࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ࡢ⦪⥺࡟ẚ࡭࡚ᶓ⥺ࡀ⣽ࡃ࡚ᕷ఍㆟ဨ࡜ࡋ࡚ά㌍ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

ぢ࡟ࡃ࠸᫂ᮅయ࠿ࡽࠊᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ 10 ྡ୰ 8

 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊヨ㦂ࡀබᖹ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࢀ

ྡࡀᕼᮃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢦࢩࢵࢡయࡲࡓࡣᴠ᭩య࡟

ࡤࠊᐇຊࡀ㐺ษ࡟ホ౯ࡉࢀࠊ㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡸྖἲᨵၿࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࢀࡲࡍࠋ

ヨ㦂➼ࠊ┠ⓗࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡾࡲ ࡞࠾ࠊᮏ◊✲⤖ᯝࡢሗ࿌᭩ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊྖἲ

ࡍࠋ

ヨ㦂ጤဨ఍ࡣࠊ2005 ᖺᗘࡢヨ㦂࠿ࡽࠊᙅどཷ ṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡓ࡜࠼┠ⓗࢆ㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡚

㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆࠊᚑ᮶ࡢ 1.25 ಸ࠿ࡽࡶࠊබᖹ࡞ヨ㦂࡜ࡋ࡚ヨ㦂⤖ᯝࢆཷࡅධࢀ࡚ࠊ

1.5 ಸ࡟ᨵၿࡍࡿ࡜ඹ࡟ࠊᩥᏐࣇ࢛ࣥࢺࡶࠊ

㐺ษ࡞㐍㊰ࢆ㑅ᢥ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ

ᚑ᮶ࡢ᫂ᮅయ࠿ࡽゅࢦࢩࢵࢡయ࡟ᨵၿࡍࡿᥐ ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊ᪂࣭ᪧࡢྖἲヨ㦂࡛ࡍࡀࠊどぬ⨨ࢆㅮࡌ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨ࡣࠊ᪂ྖἲ

ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ඲ဨἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔ࢆཷ㦂ࡋ࡚

ヨ㦂ࡢᐇ᪋࡜࠸࠺ไᗘᨵ㠉ࡢᶵ఍࡟ࠊࢸࢫ
 ヨ㦂᪉ἲࡢᨵၿࡢຠᯝ

ࢺ࣭ࢹ࣮ࢱ཰㞟ᐇ㦂࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊ2004 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽ ヨ㦂ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡜බᖹ࡞ヨ㦂㡰ḟᨵၿࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

ࡢព⩏ࢆ≀ㄒࡿ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᐇຊࡀ㐺ษ࡟ホ౯ࡉࢀࠊ᪂ྖἲ

ࡢἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂࡜ࠊྖἲヨ㦂ࡢⅬᏐ౑ヨ㦂ࡢྜ᱁⪅ࡀ 2 ேฟ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊᪧ

⏝ࡢどぬ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅ࡢཷ㦂ᚋࡢ㐍㊰࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ

ྖἲヨ㦂ࡢཷ㦂⪅ࡶࠊヨ㦂ࡀ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘබᖹ࡟⤂௓ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ

ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ㄆ㆑ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡣࠊ࠿ࠊ2004 ᖺᗘࢆቃ࡟ࠊ㐃⥆ཷ㦂⪅ࡢᩘࡀ⃭ῶ

3.2 ⠇࡛⤂௓࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㛤Ⓨᙜึࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟⪺࠸࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

࠿ࡽࠊⅬᏐཷ㦂⪅࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ ௒ᅇࡢ㐺ᛶヨ㦂ཬࡧྖἲヨ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࡢ౛ࡣࠊ

ࢹࢨ࢖࡛ࣥタィࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋヨ㦂᫬㛫ேᩘࡀࡁࢃࡵ࡚㝈ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊಙ㢗ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿࡶࠊ➨ 1 㒊ࡢࠕ᥎ㄽ࣭ศᯒຊࠖࡣࠊ೺ᖖཷ㦂⤖ᯝ࡜ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ

⪅ࡢ 1.5 ಸࠊ㛗ᩥࡢ➨ 2 㒊ࡢࠕㄞゎ࣭⾲⌧ຊࠖ㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡢྜ᱁⪅ࡶ୙ྜ᱁⪅ࡶࠊ5 ேࡍ࡭࡚㻞㻟ࡀ┠ᶆ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㐨࡟㐍ࡳά㌍ࡋ

ᩘᏛࡀ 1.50 ಸࠊⱥㄒࡀ 1.12 ಸࠊබẸࡀ 1.91

࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊఱࡼࡾࡶᎰࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ

ಸ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ බᖹ࡞ヨ㦂ࡣࠊ༢࡟ྜ᱁⪅ࢆබᖹ࡟ホ౯ࡍ ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊࡲࡉࡋࡃࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ

ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ୙ྜ᱁⪅࡟ࡶࠊ㐺ษࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢ㔜せᛶࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ

࡞⮬ᕫホ౯ࡢᶵ఍ࢆ୚࠼ࠊࡑࡢᚋࡢⓗ☜࡞㐍 ࡇࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢ◊✲⤖ᯝ࡟ᇶ㊰Ỵᐃࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ

࡙ࡁࠊᚋ࠿ࡽヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࢆᨵၿࡋࡼ࠺࡜ ࡇࢀࡇࡑࡀࠊヨ㦂ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ

ࡋ࡚ࡶ⡆༢࡞஦࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ

࡜බᖹᛶࡢព⩏࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ

 ⅬᏐ౑⏝⪅ࡢヨ㦂᪥⛬ࡣࠊヨ㦂ᐊࡢධᐊࡀ
ᮅ 9 ᫬ 10 ศࠊ㏥ᐊࡀኪ 8 ᫬ 10 ศ㡭ࡢࠊ11 ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ

᫬㛫ࡢ㛗᫬㛫࡟Ώࡾࡲࡍࠋ᭦࡞ࡿヨ㦂᫬㛫ࡢ ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ᘏ㛗ࡣࠊཷ㦂⪅ࡢ㞟୰ຊࡢ㝈⏺ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿᜍࢀ ḟ࡟ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡛ࡍࡀࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊⅬᏐ౑⏝⪅ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࢭ

どぬ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⌧⾜ࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗ࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢ᪥⛬ࢆ 2 ᪥࠿ࡽ 3 ᪥࡟ኚ᭦ࡋࡼ

⋡ࡶࠊࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖࡛ࣥタィ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᐜ᫆࡞ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ

ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࣭࣓࣮ࣟࣥࢫࡽࡀࣘࢽࣂ࣮ ᨵၿࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊヨ㦂ࡢᐇ᪋᪉ἲࡢ኱ᖜ

ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆᥦၐࡋࡓ 1995 ᖺࡢ 20 ᖺ㏆ࡃ࡞ኚ᭦ࡢᶵ఍ࢆᚅࡗ࡚タィࡋ┤ࡍࡋ࠿᪉ἲࡣ

๓ࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ

࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ

 1979 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊヨ㦂ࡣࠊ࣭࣓࣮ࣟࣥࢫࡀᥦၐ

๓㌟࡛࠶ࡿඹ㏻➨ 1 ḟᏛຊヨ㦂ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡟࠶ࡓࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㛤Ⓨᙜึ࠿ࡽࠊࡲࡓࡣ኱ᖜ࡞ᨵ

ࡾࠊࢸࢫࢺ࣭ࢹ࣮ࢱ཰㞟ᐇ㦂ࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࠊⅬၿࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡿᶵ఍࡟ࠊ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅ࢆࡣࡌࡵᏐ౑⏝ࡢ㔜ᗘどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅࡟ࡣࠊ඲⛉┠୍ᚊཷ㦂㈨᱁ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢཷ㦂⪅࡟ࠊබᖹ࡟

1.5 ಸࠊᙉᗘᙅど⪅࡟ࡣࠊ඲⛉┠୍ᚊ 1.3 ಸ㓄៖ࡋ࡚タィࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

ࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗ᥐ⨨ࡀㅮࡌࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ☜࠿࡟ࠊࡑࡢᙜ᫬ࠊ᭱ၿ⟇࡜ࡋ࡚タィࡉࢀ 㖄➹ࢆ࣌ࣥᆺࡢࢹࢪࢱࣝ㡢ኌࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟

ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᐇ᪋ᚋࡍ࡛࡟ 35 ࢝ᖺ⨨ࡁ᥮࠼ࡓࠊ⣬࡜㖄➹ࡢࢸࢫࢺឤ

ᗘࢆ⤒㐣ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊᙜ᫬ࡣࠊᐃ㔞ぬࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸  ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ㛤ⓗ࡞᥎ᐃἲࡶ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ

Ⓨከࡃࡣࠊ⤒㦂๎࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚᥎ᐃࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡋ

4.2.1

ࡓࠋ

 ⌧ᅾࠊ᭱᪂ࡢぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆά⏝ ࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ◊✲ᐊࡣࠊࡋ࡚ࠊ⣬࡜㖄➹ࡢࢸࢫࢺࡢ㖄➹ࢆ࣌ࣥᆺࡢࢹ

ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢබᖹᛶࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿ࡜ඹ࡟ࠊ

ࢪࢱ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢹ࢕࢜ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟⨨ࡁ᥮࠼ࡓࠊ⣬᭦࡞ࡿᨵၿࢆᅗࡿࡓࡵࠊどぬ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐ࡜㖄➹ࡢࢸࢫࢺឤぬࡢ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆ㛤ࡍࡿࢸࢫࢺ࣭ࢹ࣮ࢱ཰㞟ᐇ㦂ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ

Ⓨࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࡣࠊヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࢆᩍ⛉ู࡟㐺 ࡲࡎࠊ◊✲ࡢ⫼ᬒ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱṇ໬ࡍࡿᚲせᛶࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ

࣮ヨ㦂࡛ࡣࠊ㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ ゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤⥺࡟ࡼࡿ᥎ᐃ್ࡣࠊⅬᏐ౑⏝㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡢၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊⅬᏐၥ㢟࡜ᣑ

ࡢどぬ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅ࡣࠊᅜㄒࡀ 2.32 ಸࠊᩘᏛࡀ

኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡀ⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

1.63 ಸࠊⱥㄒࡀ 1.74 ಸࠊබẸࡀ 1.97 ಸ࡛ࡋ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡣࠊ3 ࡞࠸ࡋ 5 ࢝ᖺ㛫ࡓࠋࡢゐㄞカ⦎ࢆཷࡅ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊⅬᏐࡢㄞࡳ㏿ᗘ ࡲࡓࠊᙉᗘᙅど⿕㦂⪅ࡣࠊᅜㄒࡀ 1.43 ಸࠊ

ࡀ㏿ࡃ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊⅬᏐ࡛ࡢཷ㦂ࡣᅔ㞴࡛

㻞㻠

◊✲ࡢ⫼ᬒ

ࡍࠋ

ࢱࣈࣞࢵࢺ࣭ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ㡢ኌ 㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ࡶࠊどぬⓗㄞ᭩㏿ᗘࡀ㐜࠸ࡓၥ㢟ฟ㢟ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆヨసࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ

ࡵࠊ㡢ኌࡢά⏝ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ

㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢࡓࡵࡢ≉Ṧ࡞ࣃࢯࢥࣥࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢࢭ ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅ࡶࠊ㡢ኌࡢά⏝ࡀᚲࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࢆࠊ୍⯡ࡢ኱Ꮫᩍဨ࡟౫㢗ࡍࡿࡇせ࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

࡜ࡣᅔ㞴࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢ୙ṇ ᑠၥᙧᘧࡢḢ⡿ࡢඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊ

౑⏝➼ࠊࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕࡟ࡶၥ㢟ࡀ⏕ࡌࡲࡍࠋ኱ၥᙧᘧࡢ㛗ᩥ࡛ၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡶ」㞧࡞ࢭ ࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ2006 ᖺᗘ࡟≉チࡀබ㛤ࡉࢀࡓぢࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼࡟ࡣࠊ⊂⮬ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ 2 ✀ᚲせ࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ヨ㦂ᐁࡀၥ㢟ࢆ┤᥋ㄞࡳୖࡆࡿᑐ㠃ᮁㄞ᪉
᪂ࡋ࠸ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ᘧࡣࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼඲ᅜඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺ࡟࠾ࡅ

4.2.2

ࡿᐇ᪋ࡣᅔ㞴࡛ࡍࠋ20 ᩘ⛉┠ࡢၥ㢟ࢆࠊṇ☜

 2008 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽࠊ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࠊ≉࡟㔜ᗘࡢᙅ࡟ㄞࡴேᮦࢆ኱Ꮫࡢᩍဨ࡟ồࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᐜど⪅ཬࡧ㔜ᗘࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢࡓࡵ᫆࡞ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ

࡟ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

 Digital Accessible Information System ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 12 ࡣᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟࡛ࡍࠋ(DAISY)ࡣࠊ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࣛࣥࢲ࣒࢔ࢡࢭࢫࡀྍ

ࡇࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡣࠊẁⴠࡸᩥࠊୗ⥺㒊ࡸᩘᘧ➼ࠊ⬟࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⬟ືⓗ࡟ㄞ᭩ࡍࡿࡓ

ၥ㢟ᩥࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡔࡅࢆ㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡲࡓࡣⅬᏐࡵ࡟ࡣࠊࡲࡔࡲࡔ୙༑ศ࡛ࡍࠋ

ࡢグྕ࡛⾲グࡋࡓᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲෉Ꮚࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡲ 㡢ኌ࡟ࡼࡿ⬟ືⓗㄞ᭩ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ

ࡍࠋࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 12㻞㻡 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ࡢྛグྕ࡟ࡣࠊぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖ

 ㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡲࡓࡣᣑ኱ᩥᏐࡢၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡟ࠊぢࢥ࣮ࢻࡀ㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ2 ḟඖ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡋࡓ෉Ꮚࢆ

ࢥ࣮ࢻࢫ࢟ࣕࢼ௜ࡁࡢࢹࢪࢱ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢹ࢕࢜ࣉ

౑⏝ࡋࡲࡍࠋ

ࣞ࢖࡛ࣖࢱࢵࢳࡋࡲࡍ࡜ࠊࢥ࣮ࢻࡀㄞࡳྲྀࡽ ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 13 ࡣ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡛ࢀࠊࡑࡢࢥ࣮ࢻ࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓ㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ෌⏕ࡍࠋ෉Ꮚࡢ௵ពࡢ⟠ᡤࢆ࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࢜ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ

ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋⅬᏐࡸ㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡢᩥ❶ࢆㄞࡴࡢ࡟

࡛ࢱࢵࢳࡋࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ㡢ኌࡀ෌⏕ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋᩥ

ᅔ㞴ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿཷ㦂⪅ࡶࠊ㡢ኌ࡛⬟ືⓗ࡟ၥ㢟Ꮠ࡜㡢ኌࡢ 2 ࡘࡢࣔࢲࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊࢆㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

ၥ㢟ࢆຠ⋡ࡼࡃ⬟ືⓗ࡟ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ ࡲࡓ 2010 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽࠊ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘどぬⓗ࡟ᩥࡾࡲࡍࠋᏐࢆㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࠊ㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ཬࡧㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 13 ⌧ᅾࠊࡇࡢ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢసᡂ᪉ἲ࡜

 ➨ 3 ḟࡢホ౯ᐇ㦂࡛ࡣ㧗ᰯࡢධヨၥ㢟ࢆ౑ᐇ᪋᪉ἲࢆ◊✲࠸ࡓࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊᅗࡸ⾲ࡢ㡢ኌฟ㢟᪉ἲࢆ◊✲࠸ࡓࡋ ➨ 1 ḟࡢホ౯ᐇ㦂ཬࡧ➨ 2 ḟࡢホ౯ᐇ㦂࡛࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

ࡣࠊᩥ❶㢟ࡢ㡢ኌฟ㢟᪉ἲࢆ◊✲࠸ࡓࡋ࡚࠾ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊࣅࢹ࡛࢜ࢢࣛࣇࡢ㡢ኌฟ㢟౛ࢆࡾࡲࡍࠋ⤂௓ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㡢ኌၥ㢟࡛᭱ࡶᅔ㞴࡞ࡢࡣᅗࡸ⾲ࡢ㡢ኌฟ㢟᪉ἲ࡛ࡍࠋ

㻞㻢

ື⏬

 ࠕ⏬㠃ࢆࡈぴࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࢢࣛࣇࡸᆅᅗࡶ㡢ኌ࡛ฟ㢟ྍ ࢢࣛࣇ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ౛࡛⬟࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ☜࠿࡟ࠊ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡢሙྜࠊࡍࠋᅗࢆゐࡗ࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ┦ᙜ័ࢀ࡞࠸࡜ ⏬㠃ࡢ 1 ⾜┠ࡢၥ㢟ࡢᣦ♧ᩥࢆࢱࢵࢳࡋ࡚

ᅔ㞴࡛ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㡢ኌ࡛ㄝ᫂ࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ぢࡲࡍࠋ(㡢ኌ෌⏕)࡛ࠊฟ㢟ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᢡࢀ⥺ࢢࣛࣇࡢ┿ࢇ୰ࢆࢱࢵࢳࡋ࡚ぢࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ⾲ࡶࢢࣛࣇ࡜ྠᵝࠊ㡢ኌ࡛⮬⏤࡟ㄞ(㡢ኌ෌⏕)

ࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢ㒔ᕷࡣࠊ7 ᭶ࡀ 1 ␒ᬮ࠿࠸ࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࡢ
࡛໭༙⌫࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

4.2.3

4.2.3.1 ᐇ㦂┠ⓗ ᢡࢀ⥺ࢢࣛࣇࡢᕥ➃ࢆࢱࢵࢳࡋ࡚ぢࡲࡍࠋ ➨ 2 ḟホ౯ᐇ㦂ࡢ⥲ྜヨ㦂ၥ㢟࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⤖(㡢ኌ෌⏕) ࡇࡢ㒔ᕷࡢ 1 ᭶ࡢẼホ౯ᐇ㦂ᯝࡀࡲ࡜ࡲࡾࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࡈࡃ⡆༢࡟ሗ࿌ࡉ

ࡣịⅬୗ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛┦ᙜ໭ࡢ㒔ᕷ࡛࠶ࡿ஦ࡀศ࠿ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

ࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢ㒔ᕷࡣࣔࣥࢺ࣮࡛ࣜ࢜ࣝ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ ᐇ㦂┠ⓗࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢⅬᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚཬࡧ㏻ᖖ࠿ࡾࡲࡍࠋᩥᏐࡲࡓࡣᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊࡇࡢ ⏬㠃ࡢ 2 ⾜┠ࡢゎ⟅ḍࢆࢱࢵࢳࡋ࡚ぢࡲࡍࠋ⣬࡜㖄➹ࡢࢸࢫࢺឤぬࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌ(㡢ኌ෌⏕)

ၥ㢟ࢆᐇ⏝໬ࡍࢀࡤࠊᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊゎ⟅␒ྕ 1 ࡣ㑅ᢥ⫥␒ྕ 1 ࡛ࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢཷ㦂⪅ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼ࡢཷ㦂ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
ࠖྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ

㻞㻣ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 14ࡢᅜㄒ࣭ⱥㄒ࣭ᩘᏛࡢ 3 ᩍ⛉࡛ࡍࠋ

4.2.3.2 ᐇ㦂┠ⓗ ᐇ㦂ィ⏬ࡣ 33 ࡢࢢࣞࢥ࣭ࣛࢸࣥ᪉᱁ἲ ᐇ㦂ᡭ⥆ࡁࡣヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆไ㝈ࡋ࡞࠸సᴗไ

࡛ࡍࠋࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 14 ࡣࡑࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪ࡛ࡍࠋ㝈ἲ࡛ࡍࠋ ⿕㦂⪅ࡣ㧗ᰯ⏕࡛ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅ࡣࠊ㧗ᰯ⏕ࡀ㞟ࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵᡂே

4.2.3.3 ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ

࡛ࡍࠋⅬᏐ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣࠊ5 ྡࡎࡘࡢ 3 ⩌ࠊィ ᚓⅬศᕸࢆࢸࢫࢺ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔㛫࡛ẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡓ

15 ྡࠋᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡶㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡶࠊࡵࠊ⿕㦂⪅⩌ูࠊࢸࢫࢺ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ูࠊᚓⅬศ

3 ྡࡎࡘࡢ 3 ⩌ࠊィ 9 ྡࠋ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣࠊ7ᕸࡢ⟽ࡦࡆᅗࢆసᡂࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 15ྡࡎࡘࡢ 3 ⩌ࠊィ 21 ྡࠋࡣᅜㄒ࡛ࡍࠋࢢࣛࣇࡢྑ➃ࡢ⦪⥺ࡣࠊࢩࢵࣇ ࢸࢫࢺ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢせᅉࡣࠊྛ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜ࡶ࢙ࡢከ㔜ẚ㍑ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊࢸࢫࢺ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢᚓⅬ

3 ✀㢮࡛ࡍࠋⅬᏐ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣࠊⅬᏐၥ㢟㸦A㸧ࠊ㛫࡟᭷ពᕪࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡲࡍࠋ⫗ኌࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟㸦B㸧ࠊྜᡂ㡢ኌࡢ ྛ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣࠊ3 ᩍ⛉࡜ࡶࢸࢫࢺ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔

ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟㸦C㸧ࠋᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜ㄞ

ࡢᚓⅬ㛫࡟᭷ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ౛እ࡜

Ꮠ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣࠊᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟㸦A㸧ࠊྜᡂࡋ࡚ࠊ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢⱥㄒࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌ㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟㸦B㸧ࠊྜᡂ㡢ኌࡢၥ㢟ࡣ᭷ព࡟ప࠸ࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ

ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟㸦C㸧ࠋ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣࠊ ࣐࣭ࣥ࣍࢖ࢵࢺࢽ࣮ࡢ᳨ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ3 ᩍ⛉㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟㸦A㸧ࠊ⫗ኌࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ࡜ࡶࠊ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟࡜㞀ᐖ⿕㢟㸦B㸧ࠊྜᡂ㡢ኌࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟㸦C㸧ࠋ㦂⪅⩌ࡢྛࢸࢫࢺ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢᚓⅬ㛫࡟ࠊ᭷ព ၥ㢟ࡣᇶ♏Ꮫຊホ౯ࡢࡓࡵࡢ⥲ྜヨ㦂ၥ㢟ᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ

㻞㻤ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 15ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 16㻞㻥 ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟ࠊⅬᏐ⿕㦂⪅⋡ࢆ㐺ษ࡟᥎ᐃࡍࢀࡤࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣၥ㢟ฟ㢟㔞⩌ࡢⅬᏐၥ㢟ࠊᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟ࠊࢆ㐺ṇ໬ࡍࢀࡤබᖹ࡞ヨ㦂ࡢᐇ᪋ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟㛫࡟ࡣࡍ࡭ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࡚᭷ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀࡎࠊࡇࡢ 4 ࡘࡢ⿕㦂⪅⩌ ࡇࡢ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡣపࢥࢫࢺ࡛సᡂྍ

ࡢᏛ⩦฿㐩ᗘࡣ࡯ࡰྠᵝ࡜௬ᐃࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ

⬟࡛ࡍࠋ୧ၥ㢟ࡢ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࡢ๭ࡾ௜ࡅ࡜ ḟ࡟ࠊゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢศᕸࢆࢸࢫࢺ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔㛫㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࡢసᡂࡣඹ㏻໬࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ

࡛ẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ⿕㦂⪅⩌ูࠊࢸࢫࢺ࣓ࢹ࢕

ࢹࢪࢱࣝ㡢ኌࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࡶ 1 ᮏ 3 ༓෇⛬ᗘ࡜ప࢔ูゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢศᕸࡢ⟽ࡦࡆᅗࢆసᡂࡋࡲࡋ

౯᱁࡛ࡍࠋࡓࠋࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ 16 ࡣᅜㄒ࡛ࡍࠋ࡞࠾ࠊゎ⟅㏿ ࡇࡢ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡣࠊヨ㦂ᐇ᪋࡜ࢭ࢟

ᗘࡣࠊᩥ᭩㔞(ᩥᏐᩘ)ࢆྛ⿕㦂⪅ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせࣗࣜࢸ࢕⟶⌮ࡀᐜ࡛᫆ࡍࠋヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ഃ࡛ၥ㢟᫬㛫࡛๭ࡗ࡚ࠊ༢఩᫬㛫ᙜࡓࡾ࡟ฎ⌮ྍ⬟࡞෉Ꮚ࡜ࢹࢪࢱࣝ㡢ኌࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࡢ 2 ࡘࢆ‽ഛࡋᩥ᭩㔞࡜ࡋ࡚⟬ฟࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ

ࡉ࠼ࡍࢀࡤࠊヨ㦂┘╩⪅ࡣࠊᩍ♧ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛ ࢸࢫࢺ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢศᕸ㛫࡟ࡣࠊᐜ᫆࡟ヨ㦂ࢆᐇ᪋ྍ⬟࡛ࡍࠋ

3 ᩍ⛉࡜ࡶᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡣ௚ࡢࢸࢫࢺ ࡓ࡜࠼ࢹࢪࢱࣝ㡢ኌࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟୙ලྜࡀⓎ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟㐜࠸ࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ

⏕ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊணഛࡢࡶࡢ࡟ྲྀࡾ᭰࠼ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ヨ ࣐࣭ࣥ࣍࢖ࢵࢺࢽ࣮ࡢ᳨ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ3 ᩍ⛉㦂ࢆ⥅⥆࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ

࡜ࡶࠊ᪩࠸࡯࠺࠿ࡽ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐ ୍᪉ࠊࣃࢯࢥࣥ࡟ࡼࡿ㡢ኌฟ㢟࡟ࡣࠊࢭ࢟ၥ㢟ࠊᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢᣑࣗࣜࢸ࢕⟶⌮࡟ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡣ᪥኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟ࠊⅬᏐၥ㢟ࡢ㡰࡟᭷ព࡟᪩࠸ࡼ࠺

㡭౑࠸័ࢀࡓࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢ౑⏝ࡀᚲせ࡛ࡍࠋ↓࡛ࡍࠋ⥺ LAN ࡢ౑⏝➼ࠊ୙ṇ⾜Ⅽࢆ㜵Ṇࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ഃ࡛⊂⮬࡟ࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕ࢯࣇ
4.2.3.4 ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࢺࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࠊ஦๓࡟ཷ㦂⪅࠿ࡽࣃࢯࢥࣥࢆ㡸 ᚑ᮶ࡢⅬᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚཬࡧ㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡲࡓࡣᣑ

࠿ࡾࠊ࢖ࣥࢫࢺ࣮ࣝࡋ࡚࠾࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲ

኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡢ⣬࡜㖄➹ࡢࢸࢫࢺ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊ

ࡏࢇࠋཷ㦂⪅ࡣࠊヨ㦂ᙜ᪥ࡲ࡛ࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢ౑

ࡇࡢ⣬࡜㖄➹ࡢࢸࢫࢺឤぬࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ⏝ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ

㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆᐇ⏝໬ࡍࢀࡤࠊ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࠊ㔜ᗘ ࡶࡋࣃࢯࢥࣥ࡟୙ලྜࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࢀࡤࠊヨ㦂ࡢᙅど⪅ཬࡧㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅ࡣࡶ࡜ࡼ᫬㛫ෆࡢ᚟ᪧࡣᅔ㞴࡛ࡍࠋࡾࠊᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢཷ㦂⪅ ௒ᚋࠊࡇࡢ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢᑟධࢆ⤒῭ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼ࡢཷ㦂ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ

ⓗ࡟ྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᚑ᮶ࡢⅬᏐၥ㢟࡜ᣑ኱ぢฟࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ

ᩥᏐၥ㢟࡜ࠊࡇࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ୍㈏సᡂ

 ホ౯ᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᏛ⩦฿㐩ᗘࡀྠỈ‽࡛࠶ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࠊၥ㢟ࡢ㉁ࡢྥୖ࡜సᡂస

ࡿሙྜࠊヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆไ㝈ࡋ࡞࠸᮲௳ୗ࡛ࡣࠊ

ᴗࡢຠ⋡໬ࠊࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕ࡢྥୖ࡜኱ᖜ࡞ࢥ

ᅜ࣭ⱥ࣭ᩘࡢ 3 ᩍ⛉࡜ࡶࠊ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢⅬࢫࢺ๐ῶࢆ◊✲ࡍࡿィ⏬࡛ࡍࠋ3 ࢝ᖺᗘࢆ┠Ꮠၥ㢟ࠊᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟ࠊᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ

㏵࡟ᐇ⏝໬࡛ࡁࢀࡤ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࠊᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡣࠊ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟࡜࡯ࡰྠ⛬ᗘࡢᚓⅬ ⤖ㄽ

ࢆྲྀᚓྍ⬟࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ᭱ᚋ࡟⤖ㄽ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ1 ␒ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ࠊ࣭ࣟࣥ ☜࠿࡟ࠊ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡢゎ࣓࣮ࢫࡽࡀᥦၐࡋࡓࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢ

⟅㏿ᗘࡣ᭷ព࡟᪩࠸ࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ

ᴫᛕ࡜ࠊ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗ཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡈࡃ⡆༢࡟⤂௓ࡉࡏ࡚㻟㻜࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ

࠸࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡓ୸ᒣඛ⏕ࡢ⌮஦㛗⿢㔞࡟ࡼࡾࠊ 2 ␒┠࡟ࠊἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂࡜ྖἲヨ㦂㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡢཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨ࡢᨵၿࡀᐇ⌧ࡋࡓḟࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡜ࠊヨ㦂᪉ἲࡢᨵၿ

➨࡛ࡍࠋ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ☜࠿࡟ࠊ ୍᪉ࠊྖἲヨ㦂ࡢᨵၿࡶࠊᲴࡰࡓᘧ࡟ᨵၿ

ࢸࢫࢺ࣭ࢹ࣮ࢱ཰㞟ᐇ㦂࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮⟇ࡢጤク◊✲ࡀ⚾ࡢ◊✲ᐊ࡟᮶ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶

ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆ◊✲ࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊ⚾࡝ࡶࡢ◊✲ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇࢀࡶࠊྖἲヨ㦂ࡢᚿ㢪⪅ࡢどぬᐊ࡛ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊヨ㦂᪉ἲࡢᨵၿࢆᐇ⌧ࡉࡏ㞀ᐖᙜ஦⪅ࡢせᮃ᭩࠿ࡽᐇ⌧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ

ࡓࡢࡣࠊ㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡸྖἲヨ㦂ࡢཷ㦂ࢆᕼᮃࡉྖἲヨ㦂ࡢཷ㦂ຮᙉࢆ༠ຊࡋྜࡗ࡚ࡸࡗ࡚࠸

ࢀࡓᚿ㢪⪅ࡢどぬ㞀ᐖᙜ஦⪅ࡢ᪉㐩࡛ࡍࠋࡓᚿ㢪⪅ࡢどぬ㞀ᐖᙜ஦⪅ 8 ྡࡀࠊ㐃ྡ࡛ฟ ࡑࡢ⤒⦋ࢆ࠾ヰࡋࡲࡍ࡜ࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹ

ࡋࡓἲົ኱⮧࡟ᐄ࡚࡚ࡢせᮃ᭩ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡍࠋࢨ࢖ࣥࢆᐇ㝿࡟ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿዲᶵ఍࡜ᛮ࠸ࠊࢸࢫ ࡑࢀ࡜ඹ࡟ࠊྖἲヨ㦂ࢆබᖹ࡟ཷࡅࡓ࠸࡜

ࢺ࣭ࢹ࣮ࢱ཰㞟ᐇ㦂ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࠊⅬᏐ౑⏝ࡢཷ࠸࠺ࠊᙼࡽࡢ⇕ព࡟ඹឤࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡗࡓ⾗㆟㦂⪅࡟ࡣࠊ㛗ᩥࡢ➨ 2 㒊ࡢࠕㄞゎ࣭⾲⌧ຊࠖ㝔㆟ဨࡢ᪉ࡀࠊἲົ኱⮧ࡸἲົ๪኱⮧ࢆㄝᚓ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࢆ 2 ಸࡀබᖹࡔ

ࡋ࡚ୗࡉࡗࡓ࠾ⶱ࡛ࡍࠋ

࡜࠸࠺ᥦ᱌ࢆࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ ࡑࢀ࡟ࠊᖾ㐠࡞ࡇ࡜࡟ࠊἲົ┬ࡢ኱⮧ᐁᡣ㦂ࡣ୍ᚊ 1.5 ಸ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࢲࣈࣝࢫࢱࣥࢲ࣮ࢻ

ヨ㦂ㄢࡢㄢ㛗⿵బࡢ᪉ࡀఱᗘࡶ◊✲ᐊࢆゼࡡ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⌮⏤࡛ࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮࠿ࡽࡣ᏶඲࡟

࡚ࡇࢀࡽࠊᨵၿ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ጤクࢆࡋ࡚ୗࡉ

↓どࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ

ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀཎືຊ࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ 㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡢᨵၿࡀᐇ⌧ࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊࢸࢫࢺ࣭

 2003 ᖺ࡟ࠊⅬᏐ౑⏝ᚿ㢪⪅ࡢࡓࡵࡢヨ㦂᪉ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃሗ࿌᭩ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡔ࠿ࡽヨ㦂᪉ἲࡢᨵၿ࡟㛵ࡍࡿጤク◊✲ࢆཷࡅࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑ

ἲࢆᨵၿࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࠊ࠶ࡿᚿ㢪⪅࠿ࡽࡢ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊྖἲヨ㦂ጤဨ఍ࡣࠊ

ࡢ 1 ㏻ࡢせᮃ᭩࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢせᮃ᭩ࢆࡈぴ࡟

2004 ᖺᗘࡢྖἲヨ㦂ࡢ▷⟅ᘧヨ㦂ࡢヨ㦂᫬࡞ࡗࡓ࠶ࡿ᭷ྡ኱ᏛࡢἲᏛ㒊㛗ࡢඛ⏕ࡀࠊࡑ㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࢆࠊᚑ᮶ࡢ 1.5 ಸ࠿ࡽ 2.0 ಸ࡟ᘏ㛗ࢀ࡞ࡽࡤᨵၿࡋࡼ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᙉࡃ୺ᙇࡋ

ࡍࡿᥐ⨨ࢆㅮࡌ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

࡚ୗࡉࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ

 2004 ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊᘬࡁ⥆ࡁᙅどཷ㦂⪅࡟㛵ࡍࡿ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡣ㡹࡜ࡋ࡚཯ᑐ࡛ࡍࠋᡤ◊✲ጤクࢆཷࡅࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢሗ࿌᭩࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊ

㛗ࡢᥦ᱌࡛⚾ࡢពぢࢆ⫈ྲྀࡋࡼ࠺࡜ゝ࠺ࡇ࡜

2005 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽᙅどཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿヨ㦂᫬㛫࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ఍㆟࡟ฟᖍࡋࡲࡋࡓ࡜ࡇ

ᘏ㛗⋡ࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢ 1.25 ಸ࠿ࡽ 1.5 ಸ࡟ᘏ㛗ࡉࢁࠊ⌮஦ࠊ⟶⌮㒊㛗ࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢ⤫ᣓᐁࠊࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᩥᏐ᭩యࡶࠊᚑ᮶ࡢ᫂ᮅయ

㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡢ⤫ᣓᐁࡀ㡰␒࡟❧ࡗ࡚཯ᑐࡢពぢ࠿ࡽࢦࢩࢵࢡయ࡟ᨵၿࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ

ࢆ⾲᫂ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅࡟㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍ ࡇ࠺཯ᑐࡀᙉࡅࢀࡤㅉࡵࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ

ࡿࡓࡵࡢཎືຊࡣࠊఱࡼࡾࡶࡲࡎ㞀ᐖᙜ஦⪅ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ⚾ࡶ㞀ᐖᙜ஦⪅ࡢ୍ே࡜ࡋ࡚

⮬㌟ࡢᨵၿ࡟ᑐࡍࡿពḧ࡜⇕ព࡛ࡍࠋ♫఍࡟୺ᙇࡔࡅࡣࡍ࡭ࡁ࡜ᛮ࠸ࠊ1 ᫬㛫࡟ࢃࡓࡾㄝ

ᑐࡍࡿッ࠼࡛ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛ࡶࢲ࣓

ᚓࢆヨࡳࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ࡜ࡁࠊᡤ㛗ࡢ୸ᒣඛ⏕ࡢࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋពḧ࡜⇕ពࡀ✵ᅇࡾࢆࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ

ࡣ୍ゝࡶⓎࡏࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊᡤ㛗ࡣḞᖍ࠸ࡀࡕ࡛ࡍࠋ

ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡤ࠿ࡾᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᗈࡃࠊᚰ࠶ࡿேࡢඹឤࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋࡇ ࡑࡢ 1 ࣨ᭶ᚋࠊᡤ㛗ࡢ୸ᒣඛ⏕࠿ࡽࠕᡤ㛗ࡢᙜ஦⪅ࡢពḧ࡜⇕ពࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᚰ࠶ࡿேࡢ༠

ࡢ⿢㔞࡛ᨵၿࡍࡿ஦࡟Ỵ᩿ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠖ࡜ゝ࠺ຊࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚ึࡵ࡚ࠊỴᐃᶒࢆᣢࡘேࡢᚰࢆ

㟁ヰࢆ㡬ᡝࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋᡃࠎࡢ㆟ㄽࢆࡌࡗ࡜⪺ື࠿ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ㻟㻝 ➨ 3 ␒┠࡟ࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢどぬ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࢆ౛࡟ࠊヨ㦂ࡣࠊ㛤Ⓨᙜึ࠿ࡽබᖹ࡟タィࡋ࡚࠾࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊ
ᚋ࠿ࡽᨵၿࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࠊࣘࢽࣂ
࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢ⌮ᛕ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠾ヰࡋࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ඛ࡯࡝ሗ࿌࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊヨ㦂ࡢタィ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣྜ⌮ⓗ࡞㓄៖ࡀᮃࡲࢀࡲࡍࠋ 㞀ᐖᏛ⏕࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊ୍⯡Ꮫ⏕࡜බᖹ࡞ධヨ࡟ྜ᱁࡛ࡁࡓ࡜࠸࠺஦ᐇࡣࠊᏛ⩦ୖࡢᅔ㞴ࢆ஌ࡾ㉺࠼࡚࠸ࡃ⮬ಙ࡟⧅ࡀࡿࡶࡢ࡜Ꮡࡌࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ㞀ᐖ㧗ᰯ⏕࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊ኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫࡢබᖹ࡞ᶵ఍ࡣࠊ୍⯡㧗ᰯ⏕࡜ྠᵝࠊ㧗ᰯẁ㝵ࡢᏛຊಖᣢ࡟ࡶ㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ
࡜᥎

ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ

㻟㻞

➨ 3 ⠇ どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅࡜኱Ꮫධヨࠕࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࠖ
⸨ⰾ ⾨ (2009). 㟁Ꮚ᝟ሗ㏻ಙᏛ఍ㄅ, Vol.92, No.12, 1022-1026.

㻟㻟ࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ
⸨ⰾ ⾨㸦኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧࢔ࣈࢫࢺࣛࢡࢺ㻌 䝔䝇䝖䛾䝴䝙䝞䞊䝃䝹䞉䝕䝄䜲䞁䛿䠈ヨ 㦂 䛾㛤 Ⓨ ᙜ ึ 䛛䜙㞀 ᐖ 䜢᭷ 䛩䜛ཷ 㦂 ⪅ 䜢䛿䛨䜑䠈䛩䜉䛶䛾ཷ 㦂 ⪅ 䛻බ ᖹ 䛻㓄 ៖ 䛧䛶ヨ 㦂 䜢タ ィ 䛩䜛ᡭ ἲ 䛷䛒䜛䠊ヨ 㦂 䛾タ ィ ⪅ 䛿䠈㛤 Ⓨ ᙜ ึ 䛛䜙ᅜ 㐃䛾䛂㞀 ᐖ ⪅ 䛾ᶒ ฼ 䛻㛵 䛩䜛᮲ ⣙ 䛃䛻つ ᐃ 䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛ྜ ⌮ ⓗ 䛺㓄 ៖ 䜢ᐇ ⌧ 䛩䜛䛯䜑䠈㞀 ᐖ 䜢᭷ 䛩䜛ཷ 㦂 ⪅ 䛻ᑐ 䛧䛶䛭䛾㞀 ᐖ 䛾✀ 㢮 䛸⛬ ᗘ 䛸䛻ᛂ 䛨䛶✀ 䚻䛾ཷ 㦂 ≉ ู ᥐ ⨨ 䜢ㅮ 䛨䜛ᚲ せ 䛜䛒䜛䠊䛣䛾䛯䜑䠈኱ Ꮫ ධ ヨ 䝉䞁䝍䞊ヨ 㦂 䛸ྖ ἲ ヨ 㦂 䜢౛ 䛸䛧䛶䠈ཷ 㦂 ≉ ู ᥐ ⨨ 䛾ᴫ せ 䛸䝔䝇䝖䛾䝴䝙䝞䞊䝃䝹䞉䝕䝄䜲䞁䛻㛵 䛩䜛᭱ ㏆ 䛾◊ ✲ 䛻䛴䛔䛶⤂ ௓ 䛩䜛䠊㻌1 ࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ

ࡿ㝈ࡾ᤼㝖ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢヨ㦂ࡀ ㏆ᖺ㸪ࣂࣜ࢔࣭ࣇ࣮ࣜ࠿ࡽࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹ

ࡸ㐺ᛶࢆ೺ᖖ⪅࡜බᖹ࠿ࡘ㐺ษ࡟ࢨ࢖ࣥ࡬࡜㸪ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢ㔜せᛶࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㸬どຊࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࠸ࡗࡓࢇ⏕ࡲࢀࡓ㞀ቨࡣᚋࡢ᭷ࡍࡿ㞀ᐖࡢ✀㢮ࡸ⛬ᗘࡑࢀ⮬యࢆ࠿ࡽ᤼㝖ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶᚲࡎࡋࡶゎᾘ࡛ࡁࡿࡶ

┠ⓗࡢ᳨ᰝࡣู࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ᮲⣙࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢヨࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ఱࡽ࠿ࡢᘢᐖࡀṧᏑࡍࡿ⤖ᯝ࡜࡞㦂ཬࡧヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ᶵ㛵ࡑࢀ⮬యࡢᏑ⥆ࡀᅔ㞴࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ヨ㦂ࡢタィ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝ㸪㛤Ⓨᙜึ࠿ࡽࡿࡼ࠺࡞㸪᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ྜ⌮ⓗ࡜ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸㐣ᗘࡢබᖹᛶ࡟ᚭᗏⓗ࡟㓄៖ࡋ࡚タィࡋ࡚࠾࠿࡞ࡅࢀ㈇ᢸ࡛࡞࠸㝈ࡾ㸪ヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ᶵ㛵ࡣ༑ศ㓄៖ࡍ࡭ࡤᚋ࠿ࡽᨵၿࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ୙ྍ⬟࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀከ

ࡁ㈐௵ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀつᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࠸㸬 㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㓄៖ࡢබᖹᛶ࡟Ḟࡅࡿヨ ヨ㦂ࡢබᖹᛶࡢࡓࡵ࡟≉ู࡞㓄៖ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍ㦂ࡢᐇ᪋ࡣ㸪ࡓࡔ༢࡟ཷ㦂⪅ࢆ୙බṇ࡟୙ྜ᱁ࡿᑐ㇟⪅ࡣ㸪➨ 1 ࡟㸪㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿཷ㦂⪅࡛࠶࡜ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡟␃ࡲࡽࡎ㸪ཷ㦂⪅ࡢᑗ᮶タィࢆ༴ࡿ㸬➨ 2 ࡟㸪᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ฟ㢟ࡍࡿヨ㦂࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪࠺ࡃࡍࡿᜍࢀࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ヨ㦂⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ⮬ᕫࡢᐇຊᖐᅜඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐཬࡧ᪥ᮏㄒࢆẕᅜㄒ࡜ࡋ࡞࠸ཷ

ࢆṇࡋࡃホ౯ࡍࡿᶵ఍ࡀኻࢃࢀ㸪㐍㊰ࢆ㐺ษ࡟㦂⪅➼ࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡿ (1)(2)㸬

㑅ᢥ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ཷ㦂⪅

 2006 ᖺ࡟ᅜ㐃ࡀ᥇ᢥࡋࡓࠕ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢᶒ฼࡟㛵ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ୙฼┈ࢆ஌ࡾ㉺࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ఱᗘࡶཷ㦂ࡍࡿ᮲⣙࡛ࠖࡣ㸪㞀ᐖ⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿヨ㦂ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡜ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍ࠿㸪ཷ㦂ࢆ᩿ᛕࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸㸬ࢸᐇ᪋࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶྜ⌮ⓗ࡞㓄៖ࡀつᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ

ࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡟༑ศ㓄៖ࡍࡿ(3) 㸬⌧ᅾ㸪᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡣࡇࡢ᮲⣙ࡢᢈ෸࡟ྥࡅ࡚

ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅ࡢヨ㦂ࡢ㉁ࡢྥୖ࡟ࡶࡘ࡞

‽ഛసᴗࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬୍⯡࡟㸪㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢᏛຊࡀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (2)㸬ࡸ㐺ᛶࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪㞀ᐖࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࡛ࡁ ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ 2 ⠇࡟࠾࠸࡚኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂㻟㻡ᐃ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿᏛຊ

ᐃࡸ⫈ຊ

ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜
ᐃ➼㸪㞀ᐖ⪅
ᐃࡍࡿ㸦௨ୗ㸪ࠕࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࠖ࡜␎グ㸧࡜᪂࣭ᪧྖἲ

ࢆ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ᥎

ヨ㦂ࢆ౛࡟㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨ࡢ⏤ࡸ⑓ᙅཬࡧⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ➼ࡣ㞀ᐖࡀከᵝ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᴫせ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪3 ⠇࡟࠾࠸࡚ࢸ

㝈ࡽࢀࡓ᳨ᰝ⤖ᯝࡔࡅ࡛᥎

ࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᭱㏆ࡢ࠶ࡿ㸬ᑓ㛛་࡟ࡼࡿデ᩿᭩ࡸᩍ⫱࣭カ⦎ᶵ㛵ࡢ◊✲ࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬ᑓ㛛ᐙ࡟ࡼࡿពぢ᭩➼ࢆཧ⪃࡟ࡋ࡚㸪㐺ษ࠿ࡘྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪⫥య୙⮬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᅔ㞴࡛

ᰂ㌾࡟ุᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬2 㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨ࡢᴫせ ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ཬࡧྖἲヨ㦂࡛ᥐ⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ᭷ࡍࡿ㞀ᐖࡢ✀㢮࡜⛬ᗘࡣከᵝ࡛࠶

4 ࡘࡢ㞀ᐖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⡆༢࡟⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬ࡾ㸪ヨ㦂ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㞀ᐖࡢ✀㢮࡜⛬ᗘ どぬ㞀ᐖࡢ⛬ᗘࡣ㸪ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ཬࡧྖἲヨ࡜࡟ᛂࡌ࡚✀ࠎࡢཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨ࢆ‽ഛࡋ࡚࠾ࡃ

㦂࡜ࡶ࡯ࡰྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪どຊ࡜ど㔝Ḟᦆࡢ≧ែᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ᇶᮏⓗ࡟ཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨ࡣ㸪➨ 1 ࡟㸪࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ 4 ࡘ࡟኱ูࡉࢀࡿ㸬➨ 1 ࡣ㸪㔜ᗘどぬࡑࡢヨ㦂ࡢᐃ┠ⓗࢆ࡛ࡁࡿ㝈ࡾಖࡓ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ

㞀ᐖ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡛ࡣⅬᏐᖖ⏝⪅ࡣ㔜࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬➨ 2 ࡟㸪ヨ㦂ᡂ⦼࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㞀ᐖࡢᙳ

ᗘどぬ㞀ᐖ࡜ㄆᐃࡉࢀࡿ㸬ྖἲヨ㦂࡛ࡣ୧║ࡢ㡪ࢆ࡛ࡁࡿ㝈ࡾ᤼㝖ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬➨ 3▹ṇどຊࡢ࿴ࡀ 0.04 ௨ୗࡲࡓࡣ୧║ࡢど㔝ࡀ࡟㸪ཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨࡟ࡼࡿ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅ࡢᡂ⦼ࡣ㸪

10 ᗘ௨ෆ࡛୧║࡟ࡼࡿど⬟⋡ࡢᦆኻࡀ 95㸣௨೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅ࡢᡂ⦼࡜ẚ㍑ྍ⬟࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞

ୖ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬➨ 2 ࡣ㸪ᙉᗘᙅど࡛࠶ࡿ㸬Ⰻ࠸᪉ࡢ࠸㸬▹ṇどຊࡀ 0.15 ௨ୗࡲࡓࡣ୧║࡟ࡼࡿど⬟⋡ ྛヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ᶵ㛵ࡣ㸪ཷ㦂᱌ෆࡸເ㞟せ㡯࡟㞀ࡢᦆኻࡀ 90㸣௨ୖ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ྖἲヨ㦂࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ

ᐖࡢุᐃᇶ‽࡜⏦ㄳ᪉ἲ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅୧║ࡢど㔝ࡀ 10 ᗘ௨ෆ࡜࠸࠺᮲௳ࡀ௜ຍࡉࢀ

࡟ᑐࡍࡿཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨ࢆࢃ࠿ࡾࡸࡍࡃ᫂グࡋ㸪࡚࠸ࡿ㸬➨ 3 ࡣ㸪㍍ᗘᙅど࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨබ⾲ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵ

㦂࡛ࡣ㏻ᖖࡢ࣐࣮ࢡࢩ࣮ࢺ࡟࣐࣮ࢡࡀᅔ㞴࡞⛬

ࢺࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᗈࡃබ㛤ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸㸬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ྖἲヨ㦂࡛ࡣ୍║ࡢどຊࡀ 0.02 ௨ୗ ኱ᏛධᏛヨ㦂ཬࡧබⓗヨ㦂ࡢ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐཬࡧ௚║ࡢどຊࡀ 0.6 ௨ୗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬➨ 4 ࡣ㸪ࡑࡍࡿཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨ࡢ౛࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡜ࡢ௚ࡢᙅど࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ྖἲヨ㦂࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬࡞࠾㸪ᪧྖἲヨ㦂 ⫈ぬ㞀ᐖࡣ㸪ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡛ࡣ୧⪥ࡢᖹᆒ⫈ࡣ 4 ᖺไࡢ኱༞⪅࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ▷⟅ᘧヨ㦂࣭ㄽᩥຊࣞ࣋ࣝࡀ 60dB ௨ୖࡢ⪅࡜ࡑࡢ௚࡟኱ูࡉࢀ

ᘧヨ㦂ཬࡧཱྀ㏙ヨ㦂ࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡿ㸬2006 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ⱥㄒࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࡽࡣἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔ಟ஢⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᪂ྖἲヨ㦂ࡀጞࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࡢཷ㦂ࡀᅔ㞴࡛ච㝖࡜࡞ࡿ㔜ࡲࡾ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢᪧྖἲヨ㦂ࡣ 2011 ᖺᗘ࡛⤊஢ࡍᗘࡢ⫈ぬ㞀ᐖ࡜ࡑࡢ௚࡟኱ูࡉࢀࡿ㸬᪂ྖἲヨࡿ㸬㦂࡛ࡣ⫈ぬ㞀ᐖࡢ༊ศࡣタࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪⫈ぬ㞀ᐖ࡟ᑐࡍࡿཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨ࡣ౛♧ࡉ

2.1 㞀ᐖࡢ✀㢮࡜⛬ᗘࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅ࡢ᭷ࡍࡿ㞀ᐖࡣ㸪どぬ㞀ᐖ㸪⫈ぬ ⫥య୙⮬⏤ࡣ㸪యᖿࡲࡓࡣ୧ୖ⫥ࡢᶵ⬟㞀ᐖ㞀ᐖ㸪⫥య୙⮬⏤㸪⑓ᙅ㸪Ⓨ㐩㞀ᐖ㸪▱ⓗ㞀ᐖࡀⴭࡋ࠸⪅࡜ࡑࡢ௚࡟኱ูࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨཬࡧࡑࡢ௚࡟኱ูࡉࢀࡿ㸬㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ୰࡟ࡣ」ᩘ

㦂࡛ࡣࢳ࢙ࢵࢡゎ⟅࡜௦➹ゎ⟅ࡢゎ⟅᪉ἲࡢ㐪ࡢ㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ㔜」㞀ᐖ⪅ࡶྵࡲࢀࡿ㸬࠸࡜ヨ㦂᫬㛫ࡢᘏ㛗ᥐ⨨ࡢᚲせᛶ࡟ࡼࡾ 4 ࡘ࡟

 どぬ㞀ᐖ࡜⫈ぬ㞀ᐖࡢឤぬ㞀ᐖࡣ㸪どຊࡸ⫈ຊᐃ኱ูࡉࢀࡿ㸬ྖἲヨ㦂࡛ࡣ௦➹ゎ⟅ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍᐃ➼㸪ᚰ⌮࣭⏕⌮ᑻᗘ࠿ࡽ㞀ᐖࡢ⛬ᗘࡿ⪅㸪➹グ㏿ᗘࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㐜࠸⪅ཬࡧࡑࡢ௚ࡢ⪅㻟㻢࡟኱ูࡉࢀࡿ㸬 ヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡣ㸪㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡢၥ㢟෉Ꮚࢆㄞࡴࡇ࡜ ⑓ᙅࡣ㸪⑓ᙅࡸയ⑓➼࡟ࡼࡾཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨ࢆࡀᅔ㞴࡞どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ཬࡧⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ୰ࡢᩥᏐ

ᕼᮃࡍࡿ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᏛ⩦㞀ᐖ⪅࡟ࡣ㸪㐺ษ࡞ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔࡛ฟ㢟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

2.2 ཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨ⅬᏐၥ㢟㸦ᅗ 1㸦A㸧㸧㸪ᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟㸦ᅗ 1㸦B㸧㸧㸪 ཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨ࡣ኱ࡁࡃ 4 ࡘ࡟኱ูࡉࢀࡿ㸬ヨ㡢ኌၥ㢟㸦ᅗ 1㸦C㸧㸧ཬࡧࣃࢯࢥࣥ࡟ࡼࡿฟ㢟㦂ၥ㢟㸪ゎ⟅᪉ἲ㸪ヨ㦂᫬㛫ࡢᘏ㛗㸪ࡑࡢ௚⏦㸦ᅗ 1㸦D㸧㸧➼ࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸬ㄳ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚チྍࡉࢀࡿᥐ⨨࡛࠶ࡿ㸬(B) A3 ุ 20 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࡢᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟(A) ⅬᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚ(C) DAISY ᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟
㸦PLEXTALK PTR1㸪ओࢩࢼࣀࢣࣥࢩ㸧(D) ⏬㠃㡢ኌ໬ࢯࣇࢺ࡟ࡼࡿ   ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣭ࢸࢫࢺ

ᅗ 1 4 ✀㢮ࡢࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔࡟ࡼࡿཷ㦂㢼ᬒ 㔜ᗘどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅࡟ࡣ㸪ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡛ࡣ㸪Ⅼ

10 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࡢ㏻ᖖࡢၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡜ᩥᏐࢧ࢖ࢬࡀ

Ꮠၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡀ⏝ពࡉࢀࡿ㸬ྖἲヨ㦂࡛ࡣ㸪ⅬᏐ

14 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࡢᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡀ⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚ၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿฟ㢟࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪2006 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽ࠸ࡿ㸬᪂࣭ᪧ୧ヨ㦂࡜ࡶ᪂ࡋࡃࣃࢯࢥࣥ࡟ࡼࡿฟ㢟ࡀ ゎ⟅᪉ἲࡣ㸪㏻ᖖࡢ࣐࣮ࢡࢩ࣮ࢺࡸ⟅᱌⏝⣬ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ཷ㦂⪅ࡣ⏬㠃㡢ኌ໬ࢯࣇࢺࢆ

ࡀ౑⏝࡛ࡁ࡞࠸⪅࡟ࡣ㸪ḟࡢ᪉ἲࡀ⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚ᑟධࡋࡓࣃࢯࢥࣥࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚㸪ၥ㢟ᩥ᭩ࣇ࢓࢖

࠸ࡿ㸬ⅬᏐ࡟ࡼࡿゎ⟅㸪ᩥᏐ࡟ࡼࡿゎ⟅㸪ࢳ࢙ࣝࢆྜᡂ㡢ኌ࡛ㄞࡳୖࡆࡉࡏ࡞ࡀࡽゎ⟅ࡍࡿࡇࢵࢡ࡟ࡼࡿゎ⟅㸪ᣑ኱⟅᱌⏝⣬㸪ࣃࢯࢥࣥ࡟ࡼ

࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᙉᗘᙅど⪅ཬࡧ㍍ᗘᙅど⪅࡟ࡣ㸪ࡿゎ⟅ཬࡧཱྀ㏙➹グ(௦➹)➼࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ཬࡧྖἲヨ㦂࡛ࡣ㸪ᩥᏐࢧ࢖ࢬࡀ

ヨ㦂ࡢ㔜ᗘどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡣⅬᏐ࡛ゎ⟅ࡍࡿ஦ࡀ࡛

㻟㻣ࡁࡿ㸬ྖἲヨ㦂ཷ㦂⪅ࡣࣃࢯࢥࣥࡲࡓࡣⅬᏐ࡟࠸◊✲㡿ᇦ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡼࡿゎ⟅ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ᙅど⪅ཬࡧ⫥య୙⮬⏤⪅࡟

 3.1 ⠇࡛㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡

ࡣ㏻ᖖࡢ࣐࣮ࢡࢩ࣮ࢺࡢ౑⏝௨እ࡟㸪ࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࡢ◊✲ࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ

࡟ࡼࡿゎ⟅⏝⣬࡟ࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࡋࡓࡾ㸪ᩥᏐゎ⟅⏝࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ࡓࡔ༢࡟◊⣬ࡸᣑ኱⟅᱌⏝⣬࡟ゎ⟅ࢆグධࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ஦ࡀ

✲ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪◊✲㛤Ⓨࡶᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ㸬࡛ࡁࡿ㸬

3.2 ⠇࡛኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡛㛤Ⓨ୰ࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸㡢 ヨ㦂᫬㛫ࡢᘏ㛗ᥐ⨨ࡣ㸪೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅࡜බᖹ࡞ኌၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬

ヨ㦂ࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ᫝㠀࡜ࡶᚲせ࡞ᥐ⨨࡛࠶ࡿ㸬どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡣ༢࡟ၥ㢟ࢆㄞࢇࡔࡾ㸪ᚲせ3.1 㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ◊⟠ᡤࢆ᳨⣴ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡢࡀ㐜࠸ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸬✲ၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡟࣓ࣔࢆ᭩ࡁ㎸ࡴࡇ࡜ࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࡓ ヨ㦂ࡢタィ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ஦๓࡟㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ࡵ⮬ᕫࡢグ᠈࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚ゎ⟅ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽࡎ

ᑐࡍࡿබᖹ࠿ࡘ㐺ษ࡞ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࢆᐃ㔞ⓗゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㐜ࡃ࡞ࡿ㸬ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡣ㸪࡟᥎ᐃࡋ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪೺ᖖཷ

ⅬᏐ౑⏝ࡢどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅࡟ࡣࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡛ࡣ඲㦂⪅࡜㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅ࢆ⿕㦂⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࢸࢫࢺ࣭ࢹ࣮

⛉┠୍ᚊ 1.5 ಸ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ྖἲヨ㦂࡛ࡣ㸪▷⟅ᘧࢱ཰㞟ᐇ㦂ࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ㸬ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡࡜ヨ㦂ヨ㦂ࡀ 2.0 ಸ㸪ㄽᩥᘧヨ㦂ࡀ 1.5 ಸ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᙉၥ㢟ࡢ୍㒊ච㝖ᥐ⨨ࡣ㸪௚ࡢཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨࡜ࡣᗘᙅど⪅࡟ࡣࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡛ࡣ඲⛉┠୍ᚊ 1.3

␗࡞ࡾ㸪ᚓⅬ➼㸪ヨ㦂ࡢᡂ⦼࡟┤᥋ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡓಸ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ྖἲヨ㦂࡛ࡣ▷⟅ᘧヨ㦂ࡀ 1.5 ಸ㸪ࡵබᖹᛶ࡟༑ศ㓄៖ࡋ࡚タィࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ㄽᩥᘧヨ㦂ࡀ 1.33 ಸ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⫥య୙⮬⏤⪅ࡢ࠺ࡲࡓ㸪ඛ⾜◊✲ࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࡸࡕయᖿࡲࡓࡣ୧ୖ⫥࡟ⴭࡋ࠸ᶵ⬟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ

᪤Ꮡࡢ௚ࡢヨ㦂ࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡➼ࡶཧ⪃࡟ࡍ⪅࡟ࡣ㞀ᐖࡢ⛬ᗘ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ 1.3 ಸ㹼1.5 ಸࡢヨࡿ஦ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡓࡔࡋ㸪᪤Ꮡࡢヨ㦂ࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗ࡀᥐ⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㍍ᗘᙅど⪅㸪⫈ᘏ㛗⋡ࡣ༢࡞ࡿ⤒㦂๎࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡾ㸪ᨵၿぬ㞀ᐖ⪅㸪⑓ᙅ⪅ཬࡧࡑࡢ௚ࡢ㞀ᐖ⪅࡟ࡣヨ㦂ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡋ࡟ྂࡃ࠿ࡽ౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ

᫬㛫ᘏ㛗ᥐ⨨ࡣㅮࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵὀពࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬 ࡑࡢ௚㸪⏦ㄳ࡟ࡼࡾチྍࡉࢀࡿ஦㡯ࡀ⏦ㄳ᭩ ヨ㦂ࡣࢫࣆ࣮ࢻ࣭ࢸࢫࢺ࡜ࣃ࣮࣭࣡ࢸࢫࢺ࡜

࡟౛♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(ヲ⣽ࡣྛ࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪࢆཧ

࿧ࡤࢀࡿ 2 ࡘࡢഃ㠃ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ (4) 㸬ࢫࣆ࣮↷)㸬࡞࠾㸪⏦ㄳ᭩࡟౛♧ࡉࢀࡓᥐ⨨௨እ࡛ࡶᚲ

ࢻ࣭ࢸࢫࢺࡣ㸪ẚ㍑ⓗ᫆ࡋ࠸ၥ㢟ࢆ୍ᐃࡢ᫬㛫せ࡞ᥐ⨨ࢆಶேⓗ࡟⏦ㄳࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ෆ࡟ఱၥṇ⟅ࡍࡿ࠿ࢆၥ࠺ᙧᘧࡢヨ㦂࡛࠶ࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪ࣃ࣮࣭࣡ࢸࢫࢺࡣ㸪ẚ㍑ⓗ㞴ࡋ࠸ၥ㢟ࢆ

3 ࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡟㛵ࡍࡿཷ㦂⪅ࡢ 80 ࡞࠸ࡋ 90㸣ࡀゎ⟅ࢆ⤊஢ྍ⬟࡞᫬◊✲㛫ෆ࡟ྲྀᚓࡋࡓᚓⅬࢆၥ࠺ᙧᘧࡢヨ㦂࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊ࡑࡢヨ㦂ࡀࢫࣆ࣮ࢻ࣭ࢸࢫࢺⓗഴྥࡀᙉࡅࢀࡤ

✲ࡣẚ㍑ⓗ᪂ࡋ࠸◊✲㡿ᇦ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ᭷ᙉ࠸࡯࡝ヨ㦂᫬㛫ࡢไ㝈ࡀᡂ⦼࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡣࡍࡿ㞀ᐖࡢ✀㢮࡜⛬ᗘࡣከᵝ࡛࠶ࡾồࡵࡽࢀࡿ኱ࡁ࠸㸬◊✲ㄢ㢟ࡣከᒱ࡟ࢃࡓࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢே ᭱㏆㸪㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿබᖹ࠿ࡘ㐺ษ࡞ヨᩘࡣᴟࡵ࡚㝈ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪ㄪᰝࡸᐇ㦂ࡢ⿕㦂⪅㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃἲࡀᥦ᱌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(5)(6)㸬

ࡣᑡᩘࡋ࠿ᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠸㸬ࡇࡢࡓࡵ᥎ィᏛࡸከኚ᥎ᐃ⌮ᛕࡣ㸪㏻ᖖࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ෆ࡟೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅⩌㔞ゎᯒ➼ࡀ㐺⏝࡛ࡁࡎ㸪ᐃ㔞ⓗ࡞ᡂᯝࡀᚓ࡟ࡃ

ࡀ฿㐩ࡍࡿゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ࡲࡓࡣᚓⅬ཰ᚓ⋡࡟㞀ᐖ㻟㻤ཷ㦂⪅⩌ࡀ฿㐩ࡍࡿࡲ࡛㸪㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅⩌࡟ࡶゎࡿ㸬ヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ࡢ๓ᖺ࡟ඛࡔࡗ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡓヨ⾜ࢸ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࢆ➼ࡋࡃಖ㞀ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶

ࢫࢺࡢࢸࢫࢺ࣭ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ᥎ᐃࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓ㸬ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ࡲࡓࡣᚓⅬ཰ᚓ⋡࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㸪ⅬᏐ౑⏝ࡢどぬ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅ࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤⥺࡟೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㞀ᐖཷ㦂ࡼࡿ᥎ᐃ್ࡣ㸪➨ 1 㒊ࡢࠕ᥎ㄽ࣭ศᯒຊࠖࡀ 1.42⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࡢಸ⋡ࢆ㸪ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ಸ㸪➨ 2 㒊ࡢࠕㄞゎ࣭⾲⌧ຊࠖࡀ 1.97 ಸ࡛࠶ࡢ᥎ᐃ್࡜ࡍࡿ㸬ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ (5)(6) ࡛ࡣゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ࡗࡓ (7)㸬ࡇࡢ᥎ᐃ್࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ➨ 1 㒊ࡣ 1.5 ಸ㸪ࡣゎ⟅⋡㸪ᚓⅬ཰ᚓ⋡ࡣᚓⅬ⋡࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬➨ 2 㒊ࡣ 2.0 ಸ࡟タィࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢどぬ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿࢸࢫ

 ྠᵝ࡟㸪᪂࣭ᪧྖἲヨ㦂ࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡶࢺ࣭ࢹ࣮ࢱ཰㞟ᐇ㦂࡟ࡼࡿ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪ヨ㦂᫬ࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖࡛ࣥタィࡉࢀ࡚㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࢆ⛉┠ู࡟㐺ṇ໬ࡍࡿᚲせᛶࢆ♧ࡍࡶ࠸ࡿ㸬᪂ྖἲヨ㦂ࡢᐇ᪋࡟ඛ❧ࡕ㸪ࢸࢫࢺ࣭ࢹ

ࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ(5)(6)㸬ゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤⥺࡟ࡼࡿ᥎ᐃ್࣮ࢱ ཰㞟 ᐇ 㦂ࡀ ᐇ᪋ ࡉ ࢀࡓ 㸬▷ ⟅ ᘧヨ 㦂ࡢ ᠇ࡣ㸪ⅬᏐ౑⏝ࡢどぬ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅ࡣ㸪ᅜㄒࡀ 2.32

ἲ࣭ฮἲ࣭Ẹἲࡢ 3 ⛉┠ྜィࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ಸ㸪ᩘᏛࡀ 1.63 ಸ㸪ⱥㄒࡀ 1.74 ಸ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡢ᥎ᐃ್ࡣ㸪ⅬᏐ౑⏝ࡢどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡀ 2.4 ಸ࡞ࡲࡓ㸪ᙉᗘᙅど⿕㦂⪅ࡣ㸪ᅜㄒࡀ 1.43 ಸ㸪ᩘᏛ

࠸ࡋ 2.5 ಸ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ (8)㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟➼ࡀ 1.50 ಸ㸪ⱥㄒࡀ 1.12 ಸ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪౑⏝ࡢᙉᗘᙅど⪅ࡣ 1.6 ಸ࡞࠸ࡋ 1.7 ಸ࡛࠶ࡗ⌧⾜ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡣ඲⛉┠ࡓ (9)㸬ྖἲヨ㦂ጤဨ఍ࡣ㸪ᪧྖἲヨ㦂ࡢヨ㦂᫬୍ᚊ㸪ⅬᏐ౑⏝ཷ㦂⪅࡟ࡣ 1.5 ಸ㸪ᙉᗘࡢᙅど㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࢆᨵၿࡋ㸪2004 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽⅬᏐ౑⏝⪅࡟ཷ㦂⪅࡟ࡣ 1.3 ಸ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡣ 2.0 ಸ㸪2005 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽᙉᗘᙅど⪅࡟ࡣ 1.5 ಸ ࡇࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖࡟ᘏ㛗ࡍࡿᥐ⨨ࢆㅮࡌࡓ㸬2006 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽࡣ᪂ྖ

ᯝࡣࡲࡉࡋࡃࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ

ἲヨ㦂࡛ࡶᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡢ㔜せᛶࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬⌧⾜ࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡣ㸪ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢ㛤Ⓨᙜึ㸪᪉ἲ

3.2 Ꮫ⩦㞀ᐖ⪅࡜୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡢཷ㦂ࢆྍ⬟࡟ㄽࡶ☜❧ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ⤒㦂๎࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ᭱ၿ⟇࡜ࡍࡿ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚Ỵᐃࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁヨ ᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᏛ⩦㞀ᐖ⪅ཬࡧ୰㏵㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࢆᚋ࠿ࡽᨵၿࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ୙ྍ

ኻ᫂⪅ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼ࡢཷ㦂ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡓ⬟࡟㏆࠸㸬ⅬᏐ౑⏝⪅ࡢヨ㦂᪥⛬ࡣᮅ 9 ᫬ 10ࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࢭࣥࢱศ࡟ጞࡲࡾ㸪ኪ 8 ᫬ 10 ศࡲ࡛ࡢ㐃⥆ 11 ᫬㛫ࡢ࣮ヨ㦂࡛ࡣ㸪㏻ᖖࡢᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪㔜㛗᫬㛫࡛࠶ࡿ㸬᭦࡞ࡿヨ㦂᫬㛫ࡢᘏ㛗ࡣ㸪ཷ㦂ᗘどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅⏝࡟ⅬᏐၥ㢟㸪ᙅど⪅⏝࡟ᣑ኱ᩥ⪅ࡢ㞟୰ຊࡢ㝈⏺ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿᜍࢀࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡓᏐၥ㢟ࡀ⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡀࡵ㸪ヨ㦂᪥⛬ࢆ 2 ᪥࠿ࡽ 3 ᪥࡟ኚ᭦ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ

࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᏛ⩦㞀ᐖ⪅࡚ࡶ㸪⌧⾜ࡢ᪥⛬ࢆᚋ࠿ࡽኚ᭦ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᅔ㞴ࡢ୰࡟ࡣཷ㦂ࡀᅔ㞴࡞⪅ࡀ࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ⅬᏐ࡛࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ฟ㢟ၥ㢟㔞ཷ㦂ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ 3 ࡞࠸ࡋ 5 ࢝ᖺ㛫௨ୖࡢゐㄞࢆ⌧⾜ࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡࡟ྜࢃࡏ࡚㐺ṇ໬ࡍࡿカ⦎ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪୰➼ᩍ⫱ẁ㝵࡛ࡢ୰㏵

࠿㸪ࡲࡓࡣ㸪ヨ㦂ࡢᐇ᪋᪉ἲࡢ኱ᖜ࡞ኚ᭦ࡢ᫬

ኻ᫂⪅ࡣཷ㦂ࢆ᩿ᛕࡏࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸㸬ࢆᚅࡗ࡚タィࡋ┤ࡍࡋ࠿᪉ἲࡣ࡞࠸㸬 㛗ᩥ࡛ၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡀ」㞧࡞ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂 2003 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮➼࡟ࡣ㸪⊂⮬ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡢἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡣ㸪ࢸḢ⡿࡛ࡣヨ㦂ᐁࡀ┤᥋ၥ㢟ࢆㄞࡳୖࡆࡿᑐ㠃ᮁࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖࡛ࣥタィࡉࢀ࡚࠸ㄞ᪉ᘧཬࡧ࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࣭࢜࢝ࢭࢵࢺ᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㻟㻥㢟ࡀᖖ࡟⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (1)(2)(10)㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᑐ㠃࢖࢚࣮࣭ࣟࣈࣛࢵࢡࡢ 4 Ⰽ࡛࡞ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ࠺ᮁㄞ᪉ᘧࡣ⇍⦎ࡋࡓᮁㄞ⪅ࢆ㓄⨨ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞

ࡕࢩ࢔࣭࣐ࣥࢮࣥࢱ࣭࢖࢚࣮ࣟࡢ 3 Ⰽ࡛ᩥᏐࡸ

ࡽࡎཷ㦂⪅ࡀቑ࠼ࢀࡤᐇ᪋ࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿ㸬࣮࢜ᅗࢆ༳ๅࡋ㸪ࣈࣛࢵࢡ࡛ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ༳ๅࡍ

ࢹ࢕࣭࢜࢝ࢭࢵࢺ᪉ᘧࡣᕳࡁᡠࡋ࡚⪺ࡁ┤ࡍ➼㸪ࡿ࡜㸪ᩥᏐࡸᅗࡢ୰࡟ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ᭩ࡁධࢀ

ၥ㢟ᩥࡢࣛࣥࢲ࣒࣭࢔ࢡࢭࢫࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࡣ୍ ࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪➨ 1 ࡟㸪どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ㡢ኌᶵჾࡢ㠃࡟༳ๅࡍࡿ࡜⫼ᬒⰍ࡜࡞ࡾ༳ๅࡉࢀࡓᩥᏐࡸᶆ ‽ つ ᱁ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ DAISY (Digital Accessible

ᅗࡢどㄆࢆጉࡆ࡞࠸≉ᚩࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

Information System)ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆヨసࡋࡓ (7)(8)㸬DAISY ᪉ᘧࡣၥ㢟ࢆ᪩⪺ࡁ࡛ࡁ㸪࢖ࣥࢹࢵࢡࢫࢆࡘࡅ࡚࠾ࡅࡤၥ㢟ᩥ୰ࡢୗ⥺ࡸ✵ḍ➼࡟༶ᗙ࡟ᡠࡗ࡚⪺ࡁ┤ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡢᢕᥱࡀᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ
࡞࠸㸬ᅗࡢฟ㢟ࡶᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿ㸬➨ 2 ࡟㸪ࢱࣈࣞࢵࢺ࣭ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ(11) 㸬Ꮫ⩦㞀ᐖ⪅ࡣࢱࣈࣞࢵࢺ࣭ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡢ

⏬㠃ୖࡢၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࢆ⾲グࡋࡓᩥᏐࡸ⤮ᩥᏐࢆ㟁Ꮚ࡛࣌ࣥࢱࢵࢳࡍࢀࡤᙜヱ⟠ᡤ࠿ࡽ㡢ኌࡀ෌⏕ࡉࢀࡿ㸬㛗ᩥࡢၥ㢟ᩥࢆ┠࡛ㄞࡲ࡞ࡃ࡚
ࡶၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࢆᢕᥱࡋ࡞ࡀࡽゎ⟅ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ᅗ 2 ࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺ⏝⣬᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌ   ၥ㢟ࡢཷ㦂㢼ᬒࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡶࣃࢯࢥࣥ࡟
᥋⥆ࡋࡓࢱࣈࣞࢵࢺୖ࡟ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࢆⅬᏐ࡛༳ๅࡋࡓࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺ⏝⣬ࢆ⨨ࡁ㟁Ꮚ࡛࣌ࣥࢱࢵࢳ Ꮫ⩦㞀ᐖ⪅ࡀࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺ⏝⣬ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡢ

ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ၥ㢟ࢆ㡢ኌ࡛ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀グྕࢆ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖඛ➃ࡢ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ヨ㦂┘╩⪅ࡀࢱࣈࣞࢵࢺ࣭ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗ

ࢻ࣭࣮ࣜࢲ࡛ࢱࢵࢳࡍࡿ㸬ࡍࡿ࡜㸪2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢱࡢྲྀࡾᢅ࠸࡟⩦⇍ࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬ࢻࡀㄞࡳྲྀࡽࢀ㸪ࡑࡢࢥ࣮ࢻ࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓ IC ࣉࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢࢺࣛࣈࣝࡢ᚟ᪧ࡟ᡭ㛫ྲྀࢀࡤヨ㦂ࡀࣞ࢖ࣖෆⶶࡢ㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ෌⏕ࡉࢀࡿ㸬Ꮫ⩦㞀⤊஢ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ᜍࢀࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ᐖ⪅⏝ࡢࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺ⏝⣬࡟ⅬᏐࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅ ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ▷ᡤࢆゎᾘࡍࡿࡓ

ࡍࢀࡤ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅⏝ࡢⅬᏐࡢࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺ⏝⣬ࡵ㸪ࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺ⏝⣬᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡶసᡂྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡓ (12)㸬ࡇࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺ⏝⣬࡜ぢ ࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺ⏝⣬ 1 ࣮࣌ࢪ࡟ 1 ၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ࣭࣮ࣜࢲ௜ࡁࡢ IC ࣉࣞ࢖㐀ࢆ⾲♧ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬࣮࣌ࢪࡢୖ㒊࡟ࡣẁⴠࡸ

ࣖࡢ 2 ࡘࡔࡅ࡛ヨ㦂ࡢᐇ᪋ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᅗ 2ᩥཬࡧୗ⥺ࡢඛ㢌఩⨨➼㸪ၥ㢟ᩥࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡔ࡟ࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺ⏝⣬᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢཷ㦂㢼ᬒࡅࢆ⾲♧ࡍࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ୗ㒊࡟ࡣタၥ␒ྕࡸゎ⟅ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬␒ྕཬࡧ㑅ᢥ⫥␒ྕ➼㸪タၥᩥࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡔࡅ ぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ၥ㢟ࡢࢆ⾲♧ࡍࡿ㸬

ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡔࡅࢆグྕ࡛⾲グࡋࡓࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺ⏝ ࡇࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟࡜ⅬᏐၥ㢟ࡢࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔

⣬࡟ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ

ࡀ㸪ᚓⅬཬࡧゎ⟅㏿ᗘ࡟ཬࡰࡍຠᯝࢆศᯒࡍࡿ

ࡿ㸬୍⯡࡟࣮࢝ࣛ༳ๅࡣ㸪ࢩ࢔࣭࣐ࣥࢮࣥࢱ࣭ࡓࡵ㸪ホ౯ᐇ㦂ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ㸬ᐇ㦂ィ⏬ࡣࢢࣞࢥ࣭

㻠㻜ࣛࢸࣥ᪉᱁ἲ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡣ㸪㡢ofኌࡢ෌⏕ヰ㏿ᗘࡀ㏻ᖖࡢᮁㄞ㏿ᗘࡢ 1 ಸ㏿㸪1.5

Accommodations, Modifications, and More”,

ಸ㏿㸪2 ಸ㏿ࡢ 3 ࡘࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟࡜ⅬᏐၥ㢟ࡢ 4

Handbook of Test Development, Downing, S.

ࡘࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓ㸬⿕㦂⪅ࡣ㸪ⅬᏐ౑⏝ࡢどぬ㞀ᐖM.,㧗ᰯ⏕ 4 ྡࡎࡘࡢ 4 ⩌࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ࢭࣥࢱ

pp.653-676,Lawrence࣮ヨ㦂ࡢࠕ⌧௦♫఍ࠖࡢ㐣ཤၥ 4 ၥ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᡭ

New Jersey, 2006.

⥆ࡁࡣ㸪ヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆไ㝈ࡋ࡞࠸సᴗไ㝈ἲ࡛࠶(3) እ ົ ┬ , 㞀 ᐖ ⪅ ࡢ ᶒ ฼ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ᮲ ⣙ ,ࡿ㸬

http://www.mofa.go.jp/Mofaj/gaiko/treaty/sho ᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺ⏝⣬᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ

mei_32.html, 2007.

㢟ࡣⅬᏐၥ㢟࡜࡯ࡰྠᵝࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘ࡛ゎ⟅࡛ࡁ㸪(4) Gulliksen, H., Theory of Mental Tests,

ྠᵝࡢᚓⅬࢆྲྀᚓྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪㡢ኌࡢ

Wiley, New York, (Reprint in 1987. Hillsdale,෌⏕ヰ㏿ᗘࢆ㏻ᖖࡢᮁㄞ㏿ᗘ࠿ࡽ 1.5 ಸ㏿ࡲࡓNew Jersey, L. Erlbaum Associates.), 1950.

ࡣ 2 ಸ㏿࡟㏿ࡵࢀࡤゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢศᕸࡣ୰ኸ್࡛

(5) ⸨ⰾ ⾨, “㡯┠⣼✚ᆺ᫬㛫㸫ᚓⅬ⋡᭤⥺࡟

10㸣࡞࠸ࡋ 13㸣᪩ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡼࡿ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⏕࡟ᑐࡍࡿヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃ ࡇࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᏛ

ἲ”, ኱Ꮫධヨ◊✲ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝ, no.12㸪pp. 73-80,⩦㞀ᐖ⪅ཬࡧ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼ࡢཷMar. 2002㸬

㦂ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ഃ࡛ࢸࣥ

(6)ࣉ࣮ࣞࢺ⏝⣬࡜㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࡢධࡗࡓ IC ࣉࣞ࢖“Estimating Testing Time Extension Ratios

ࣖࡢ 2 ࡘࡔࡅࢆ‽ഛࡋࡉ࠼ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸㸬ヨ㦂┘for Students with Disabilities from Item╩⪅ࡣᩍ♧ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛ヨ㦂ࢆᐜ᫆࡟ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡇ

Cumulative Curves”, New Developments in࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᅗ୰ࡢᩥᏐ࡟ぢ࠼࡞࠸

Psychometrics,

2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡍࢀࡤᅗࡢฟ㢟ࡶྍ

International Meeting of the Psychometric⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬Society IMPS2001, pp.265-272. 2003.

 ௒ᚋ㸪ホ౯ᐇ㦂ࢆ㔜ࡡ㸪ࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺ⏝⣬ࡢ(7) ⸨ⰾ ⾨, “ἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮

సᡂ᪉ἲ㸪ၥ㢟ࡢᮁㄞ᪉ἲཬࡧ IC ࡢࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ

ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ-ࢹࢪࢱࣝ㡢ኌヨ㦂࡜ⅬᏐヨ㦂ࡢᨵⰋࢆ㐍ࡵࢀࡤ㸪3 ࢝ᖺᚋ࡟ࡣᐇ⏝໬ࡀྍ⬟࡜タィ㸫”, ኱Ꮫධヨ◊✲ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝ, no.14, pp.

࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬

15-24, Mar. 2004㸬

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SpecialHaladyna,

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M.

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(8) ⸨ⰾ ⾨࣭⸨ⰾ᫂⏕, “ྖἲヨ㦂▷⟅ᘧヨ㦂ᩥ⊩(1)ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ㺃ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ̿ⅬᏐヨ㦂ࡢヨ㦂᫬
AmericanEducational㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃ࡜㡢ኌヨ㦂ࡢタィ̿”, ኱ᏛධResearch

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AmericanPsychologicalヨ◊✲ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝ, no.15, pp. 27-34, Mar. 2005㸬

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Councilon(9) ⸨ⰾ ⾨࣭⸨ⰾ᫂⏕࣭ᰠ⃝ᩄᩥ, “ྖἲヨ㦂

Measurement in Education, Standards for▷⟅ᘧヨ㦂ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ㺃ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ-ᙅどཷ㦂educational

testing,⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃ࡜ᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ

American Educational Research Association,㢟 ෉ Ꮚ ࡢ ᨵ ၿ -“, ኱ Ꮫ ධ ヨ ◊ ✲ ࢪ ࣕ ࣮ ࢼ ࣝ ,Washington, 1999.

no.16, pp. 49-58, Mar. 2006.

(2) Thurlow, M. L., Thompson, S. J., Lazarus,(10) Ragosta, M. and Wendler, C, “Eligibility

S. S., “Considerations for the Administration

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comparable

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Jun 2009.

㻠㻞➨ 4 ⠇ ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ࡜ཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨ࠕ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ኱ᏛධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ࡜ཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ
⸨ⰾ

⾨ (2011). ඲ᅜ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ㛗༠఍≉ูᨭ᥼Ꮫᰯ㒊఍఍ሗ, ➨ 75 ྕ, 2-7.

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http://www.dnc.ac.jp/modules/center_exam/cont ㏆ᖺ࣭࣓࣮ࣟࣥࢫࡽࡣࠕࣂࣜ࢔࣭ࣇ࣮ࣜ࠿ࡽࣘ

ent0023.html㸧

ࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡬ࠖ࡜ࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹ
ࢨ࢖ࣥࡢᴫᛕࡢ㔜せᛶࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࣂࣜ

2 ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢸࢫࢺ࣭ࡢ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔㛤Ⓨ࢔࣭ࣇ࣮ࣜࡸ࢔ࢡࢭࢩࣈ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡣࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅

2.1 ⫼ᬒࡀ┤㠃ࡍࡿಶࠎࡢ㞀ቨࢆ㝖ཤࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿάື࡛

 ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹ

ࡍࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡣࠊ㛤ࢨ࢖ࣥ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ᐊ࡛ࡣࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ

Ⓨᙜึ࠿ࡽ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢆࡣࡌࡵࡍ࡭࡚ࡢே࡟㓄៖ࡋ࡚࢖ࣥࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ᪂ࡋ࠸ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆ㛤⎔ቃࡸၟရࢆタィࡍࡿ࢖ࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢩࣈ࡞タィᡭἲ

Ⓨࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡣࠊ㏻ᖖ

࡛ࡍࠋ࠸ࡗࡓࢇ⏕ࡲࢀࡓ㞀ቨࡣᚋ࠿ࡽ᤼㝖ࡋࡼ࠺ᩥᏐࡢၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊ㔜ᗘࡢどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅⏝࡟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶᚲࡎࡋࡶゎᾘ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ

ⅬᏐၥ㢟ࡀࠊᙅど⪅⏝࡟ᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡀ⏝ពࡉࢀఱࡽ࠿ࡢᘢᐖࡀṧᏑࡍࡿ⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࣮ࣚࣟ

࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅ࡣ㡢ࢵࣃ࡛ࡣࠕࢹࢨ࢖࣭ࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣭࣮࢜ࣝࠖ࡜ࡶ࿧ࡤ

ኌࡢά⏝ࡀᚲせ࡛ࡍࠋᣑ኱ㄞ᭩ჾࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ᩥᏐࢆ

ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

16 ಸ⛬ᗘ࡟ᣑ኱ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸≉࡟㔜ᗘࡢ ヨ㦂ࡢタィ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝ࡛ࡍࠋヨ㦂ࡣ㛤Ⓨᙜᙅど⪅➼ࡶࠊどぬⓗㄞ᭩㏿ᗘࡀࡁࢃࡵ࡚㐜࠸ࡓࡵึ࠿ࡽ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢆࡣࡌࡵཷ㦂㈨᱁ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ

㡢ኌࡢά⏝ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡶࠊཷ㦂⪅࡟ᚭᗏⓗ࡟බᖹ࡟㓄៖ࡋ࡚タィࡋ࡚࠾࠿࡞ᩘᖺࡢゐㄞカ⦎ࢆཷࡅ࡞ࡅࢀࡤⅬᏐࡢㄞࡳ㏿ᗘࡀࡅࢀࡤᚋ࠿ࡽᨵၿࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶᐜ᫆࡞ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ

㏿ࡃ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ୰Ꮫ࣭㧗ᰯẁ㝵࡛ኻ᫂ࡋࡓ୰㏵

࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ

ኻ᫂⪅ࡶ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤཷ㦂ࡀᅔ㞴࡛ࡍࠋ ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊ୍⯡࡟ࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢᏛຊࡸ㐺ᛶࢆホ౯ Ḣ⡿࡛ࡣᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊヨ㦂⟶ࡀၥ㢟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ㞀ᐖࡢせᅉࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࡛ࡁࡿ㝈ࡾ᤼ࢆㄞࡳୖࡆࡿᑐ㠃ᮁㄞ᪉ᘧཬࡧ࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࣭࢜࢝ࢭ

㝖ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢヨ㦂ࡀᐃ┠ᶆ࡜ࡍࡿᏛຊࡸ㐺ᛶࢆ೺ࢵࢺ᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡀᖖ࡟⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᑠၥᙧᘧࡢḢ⡿ࡢඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺ࡜ࡣ␗࡞

ᖖ⪅࡜බᖹ࡟ ࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡜ヨ㦂ࡢබᖹࡾࠊ኱ၥᙧᘧࡢ㛗ᩥ࡛ၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡶ」㞧࡞ࢭᛶࡢព⩏ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟࠾ヰࡋࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸࡜Ꮡ

ࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼࡟ࡣࠊ⊂⮬ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀᚲせࡌࡲࡍࠋ࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡞࠾ࠊ⣬ᖜࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹ ࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ2006 ᖺ࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡓぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟࢨ࢖ࣥࡢ୍౛࡛࠶ࡿ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢཷ㦂ඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ⣬࡜㖄➹ࡢࢸࢫࢺࡢ㖄➹ࢆ≉ูᥐ⨨࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ┬␎ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ

㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟⨨ࡁ᥮࠼ࡓࠊ⣬➹ࢸࢫࢺឤぬලయⓗෆᐜࡣ࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪࢆࡈぴୗࡉ࠸ࠋ㸦኱Ꮫධࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

ヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ URL㸸㻠㻡

2.2 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡋࡲࡍࠋᅗ 2 ࡟ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ 1 ࣮࣌ࢪࢆ 㛤Ⓨ࡟᥇⏝ࡋࡓぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢢࣜࢵ

♧ࡋࡲࡍࠋࢻ࣭࢜ࣥࣉࢵࢺ㸦ࢢࣜࢵࢻ࣐࣮ࢡ(ᰴ)㸧ࡣ 0.25mm

 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ 1 ࣮࣌ࢪ࡟ 1 ၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࢆ⾲グ㛫㝸ࡢᑠࡉ࡞Ⅼࡢ㓄ิ࡛ࡍࠋ2mm ゅ࡛ 1 ࡘࡢࢥࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛ࡍࠋ࣮࣌ࢪࡢୖ㒊࡟ࡣẁⴠࡸᩥ࣮ࢻࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ₎Ꮠ௬ྡ஺ࡌࡾᩥ➼ࠊၥཬࡧୗ⥺ࡸᩘᘧཬࡧ✵ḍ➼ࠊၥ㢟ᩥࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀グ㢟ᩥࡢୖ࡟㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᩥᏐࡸᅗࡢどㄆࢆྕࡔࡅࢆ⾲♧ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊୗ㒊࡟ࡣタၥ␒ྕࡸጉࡆ࡞࠸≉ᚩࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

ゎ⟅␒ྕཬࡧ㑅ᢥ⫥␒ྕ➼ࠊタၥᩥࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀グ ᩥ❶࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡣࠊၥ㢟෉Ꮚྕࡔࡅࢆ⾲♧ࡋࡲࡍࠋ࡜㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࡢ 2 ࡘࡔࡅ࡛ヨ㦂ࡢᐇ᪋ࡀྍ ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡀᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀グྕࢆ㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ⬟࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋᅗ 1 ࡣ⥲ྜヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢᅜㄒࡢၥ㢟࡛ࢱࢵࢳࡋࡲࡍ࡜ࠊࢥ࣮ࢻࡀㄞࡳྲྀࡽࢀࠊࡑࡢࢥ

෉Ꮚࡢ 1 ࣮࣌ࢪ࡛ࡍࠋ

࣮ࢻ࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓ㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ෌⏕ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ

ᅗ 1 ᅜㄒࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟෉Ꮚ ୍⯡࡟ᩥ❶ࡣẁⴠࡸᩥ㢌ࠊᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾

ᅗ 2 ᅜㄒࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡣࠊࡇࡢၥ㢟ᩥࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀༢఩ẖ࡟ᩥ❶ࢆศ๭ࡋࠊ2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ๭ ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡟ⅬᏐࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡋࡲࡍ࡜୰㏵ኻ

ࡾ௜ࡅࠊᙜヱᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀༢఩㡿ᇦ࡟㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡋ࡚

᫂⪅⏝ࡢⅬᏐࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲෉Ꮚࡀసᡂྍ⬟࡛ࡍࠋసᡂࡋࡲࡍࠋ㡢ኌࡶࡇࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀༢఩ẖ࡟⫗ኌࡲ ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡶࡓ࡜࠼ⅬᏐࡀㄞࡵ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶᣦ࡛Ⅼࡓࡣྜᡂ㡢ኌ࡛సᡂࡋࡲࡍࠋ

Ꮠࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀グྕࢆ☜࠿ࡵ࡞ࡀࡽ㡢ኌ࡛ၥ㢟ࢆ⬟ IC ࣉࣞ࢖࡛ࣖẁⴠࡢඛ㢌ࢆࢱࢵࢳࡋࡲࡍ࡜ࠊࡑ

ືⓗ࡟ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

ࡢẁⴠ඲యࡀࠊẁⴠࡢ୰ࡢᩥࢆࢱࢵࢳࡋࡲࡍ࡜ࡑ ⌧ᅾࠊࡇࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢసᡂ᪉ἲ

ࡢᩥࡔࡅࡀࠊୗ⥺ࡸᩘᘧࢆࢱࢵࢳࡋࡲࡍ࡜ࡑࡢୗ

࡜ᐇ᪋᪉ἲࢆ◊✲࠸ࡓࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ➨ 1 ḟホ౯⥺ࡸᩘᘧࡔࡅࡀㄞࡳୖࡆࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ

ᐇ㦂ཬࡧ➨ 2 ḟホ౯ᐇ㦂࡛ࡣᩥ❶㢟ࡢ㡢ኌฟ㢟᪉ ㏻ᖖࡢ⣬➹ࢸࢫࢺ࡜ྠᵝࠊ࣮࣌ࢪࢆ⧞ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ

ἲࢆ◊✲࠸ࡓࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

ᩥ❶࡜㡢ኌ࡛ၥ㢟ࢆ⬟ືⓗ࡟ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㡢ኌၥ㢟࡛᭱ࡶᅔ㞴࡞ࡢࡣᅗࡸ⾲ࡢ㡢ࡾࡲࡍࠋኌฟ㢟᪉ἲ࡛ࡍࠋ➨ 3 ḟホ౯ᐇ㦂࡛ࡣ㧗ᰯࡢධヨ ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡣ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟࡜ྠၥ㢟ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊᅗࡸ⾲ࡢ㡢ኌฟ㢟᪉ἲࢆ◊✲࠸ᵝࠊ2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ

ࡓࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

ၥ㢟ᩥࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀༢఩ࢆⅬᏐࡲࡓࡣ㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡸ⤮ ࢢࣛࣇࡸᆅᅗࡶ㡢ኌ࡛ฟ㢟ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ☜ᩥᏐࡢグྕࡔࡅ࡛⾲♧ࡋࡓᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲෉Ꮚࢆ౑⏝࠿࡟ࠊ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡢሙྜࠊ┦ᙜ័ࢀ࡞࠸࡜ᅗࢆゐ㻠㻢ࡗ࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᅔ㞴࡛ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊゐㄞᅗ࡟⠊ᅖࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊࣄࢤࡢእഃࡢᫍ༳ࡣ

㡢ኌ࡛ㄝ᫂ࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ฟ㢟ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

እࢀ್࡛ࡍࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ⾲ࡶࢢࣛࣇ࡜ྠᵝࠊ㡢ኌ࡛⮬⏤࡟ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

どぬ㞀ᐖ ⫗ኌᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ ྜᡂᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ ⅬᏐᙅど ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝ ᣑ኱ᩥᏐ෉Ꮚ ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲

2.3 ホ౯ᐇ㦂 ➨ 2 ḟホ౯ᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࡀࡲ࡜ࡲࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡢ
࡛ࡈࡃ⡆༢࡟⤂௓ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ ᣑ኱ᩥᏐ෉Ꮚ ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝ ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ ᐇ㦂┠ⓗࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢⅬᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚཬࡧ㏻ᖖᩥᏐ
ࡲࡓࡣᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊࡇࡢ⣬➹ࢸࢫ೺ᖖ ⫗ኌᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ ㏻ᖖᩥᏐ ྜᡂᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ࢺឤぬࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆᐇ⏝໬ࡍࢀࡤᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢཷ㦂⪅ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼ࡢཷ㦂ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿ

0         50  ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ        100 (Ⅼ)ᅗ 3 ᅜㄒࡢࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ูᚓⅬศᕸࡢ⟽ࡦ
ࡆᅗ࡜ Scheffe ࡢከ㔜ẚ㍑

 ᐇ㦂ィ⏬ࡣ 33 ࡢࢢࣞࢥ࣭ࣛࢸࣥ᪉᱁ἲ࡛ࡍࠋ ⿕㦂⪅ࡣ㧗ᰯ⏕࡛ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅ࡣࠊ㧗ᰯ⏕ࡀ㞟ࡲࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵᡂே࡛ࡍࠋⅬᏐ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣࠊ5 ྡࡎࡘࡢ 3 ⩌ࠊィ 15 ྡ࡛ࡍࠋᙅど ⟽ࡦࡆᅗࡢྑ➃ࡢ⦪⥺ࡣࠊࢩࢵࣇ࢙ࡢከ㔜ẚ㍑

⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡶㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡶࠊ3 ྡࡎࡘࡢ 3 ⩌ࠊࡢ⤖ᯝࠊࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢᚓⅬ㛫࡟᭷ពᕪࡀ࡞

ィ 9 ྡ࡛ࡍࠋ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣࠊ7 ྡࡎࡘࡢ 3 ⩌ࠊ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

ィ 21 ྡ࡛ࡍࠋ ከ㔜ẚ㍑ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊྛ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣ 3 ᩍ⛉࡜ࡶ 3 ࡘ

 ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢせᅉࡣࠊ3 Ỉ‽࡛ࡍࠋᙅどࡢࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢᚓⅬ㛫࡟᭷ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ

⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣࠊᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟࡜ࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ౛እࡣ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢⱥㄒࡢᩥ᭩

⫗ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ཬࡧ⫗ኌࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡣ᭷ព࡟ప࠸ࡼ࠺࡛ࡋࡓࠋ

㡢ኌၥ㢟࡛ࡍࠋⅬᏐ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣⅬᏐၥ㢟ཬࡧ⫗ኌ ࣐࣭ࣥ࣍࢖ࢵࢺࢽ࣮ࡢ᳨ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅࡜ྜᡂ㡢ኌࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟࡛ࡍࠋ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟࡜㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢྛࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓

⪅⩌ࡣ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟ཬࡧ⫗ኌ࡜ྜᡂ㡢ኌࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ

ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢᚓⅬ㛫࡟ 3 ᩍ⛉࡜ࡶ᭷ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀࡲ

㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟࡛ࡍࠋࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ၥ㢟ࡣᇶ♏Ꮫຊホ౯ࡢࡓࡵࡢ⥲ྜヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢᅜ ḟ࡟ࠊࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢከ㔜ẚ㍑

ㄒ࣭ⱥㄒ࣭ᩘᏛࡢ 3 ᩍ⛉࡛ࡍࠋࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ3 ᩍ⛉࡜ࡶᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡣ௚ࡢࢸ ᐇ㦂ᡭ⥆ࡁࡣヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆไ㝈ࡋ࡞࠸సᴗไ㝈ἲࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟㐜࠸ࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ

࡛ࡍࠋ࣐࣭ࣥ࣍࢖ࢵࢺࢽ࣮ࡢ᳨ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ㏿࠸࡯࠺࠿ࡽ

 ᚓⅬศᕸࢆࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔㛫࡛ẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ

೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟ࠊᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜ㄞ⿕㦂⪅⩌ูࠊࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ูᚓⅬศᕸࡢ⟽ࡦᏐ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟ࠊⅬᏐၥ㢟ࡢ㡰࡟ࡆᅗࢆసᡂࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋᅗ 3 ࡣᅜㄒᚓⅬศᕸ࡛ࡍࠋ

3 ᩍ⛉࡜ࡶ᭷ព࡟㏿࠸ࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ

⟽ࡢ୰ኸࡢ⦪⥺ࡀ୰ኸ್࡛ࡍࠋ༑Ꮠ࣐࣮ࢡࡣᖹᆒ
್ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⟽ࡢᕥྑࡢ㎶ࡀᅄศ఩Ⅼࢆ

2.4 ⪃ᐹ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⟽࠿ࡽᕥྑ࡟ఙࡧࡓࡦࡆࡀศᕸࡢ ホ౯ᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᚑ᮶ࡢⅬᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚཬࡧ㏻ᖖ㻠㻣ᩥᏐࡲࡓࡣᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡢ⣬➹ࢸࢫࢺ࡟ຍ࠼

㦂ࡢᡂ⦼࡟┤᥋ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡓࡵබᖹᛶ࡟༑ศ㓄៖ࡍ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ⣬➹ࢸࢫࢺឤぬࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

㢟ࢆᐇ⏝໬ࡍࢀࡤࠊㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅㔜ᗘࡢ 㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃ⌮ᛕᙅど⪅ཬࡧ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡣࡶ࡜ࡼࡾࠊᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀

ࡣࠊ㏻ᖖࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ෆ࡟೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅⩌ࡀ฿㐩ࡍࡿᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢཷ㦂⪅ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼ࡢཷゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ࡲ࡛ࠊ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅⩌ࡶ➼ࡋࡃ฿㐩ࡍࡿ㦂ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋヨ㦂᫬ࡲ࡛ࠊ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࢆಖ㞀ࡋࡼ࠺࡜㛫ࢆไ㝈ࡋ࡞࠸᮲௳ୗ࡛ࡣ 3 ᩍ⛉࡜ࡶࠊ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡣࠊࡇࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⪅⩌ࡢⅬᏐၥ㢟ࠊᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟ࠊᩥ❶࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐⋡࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫࡟ᑐࡍࡿࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࠊᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡣࠊ೺ᖖ೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࡢಸ⋡ࢆ᥎ᐃ್࡜ࡋ

⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟࡜࡯ࡰྠᵝ࡞ᚓⅬࢆྲྀᚓ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋྍ⬟࡛ࡋࡓࠋ☜࠿࡟ࠊ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ

 ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆ㢟ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡣ᭷ព࡟㏿࠸ࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㞀ไ㝈ᕷෆసᴗไ㝈ἲ࡛཰㞟ࡋࡓࢸࢫࢺ࣭ࢹ࣮ࢱ࠿

ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆ㐺ษ࡟ᘏ㛗ࡍࢀࡤබࡽゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤⥺ࢆసᡂࡋࠊ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜㞀ᐖᖹ࡞ヨ㦂ࡢᐇ᪋ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤⥺ࢆẚ㍑ࡋ࡚᥎ᐃࡋ࡚࠾ ࡇࡢ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡣపࢥࢫࢺ࡛సᡂྍ⬟࡛ࡾࡲࡍࠋヨ㦂ࡀጞࡲࡗ࡚࠿ࡽ᫬㛫ࡢ⤒㐣࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࡍࠋ୧ၥ㢟ࡢ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࡢ๭ࡾ௜ࡅ࡜㡢ኌࢹ࣮ゎ⟅ࢆ⤊஢ࡋࡓ⿕㦂⪅ࡢ๭ྜࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕゎ⟅⤊஢ࢱࡢసᡂࡣඹ㏻໬࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡶ࠸ࡃࡽ࡛

⋡ࡀቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᵝᏊࢆࣉࣟࢵࢺࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ

ࡶቑࡋๅࡾ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࡶ 1ᮏ 3 ༓෇⛬ᗘ࡜ప౯᱁࡛ࡍࠋ

3.2 ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃ౛ ࡇࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡣࠊヨ㦂ᐇ᪋࡜ࢭ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕⟶⌮ࡀᐜ࡛᫆ࡍࠋヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ഃ࡛ၥ㢟෉ࢆ᥎ᐃࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ

Ꮚ࡜㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࡢ 2 ࡘࢆ‽ഛࡋࡉ࠼ࡍࢀࡤࠊ ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡣヨ㦂┘╩⪅ࡣࠊᩍ♧ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛ᐜ᫆࡟ヨ㦂ࢆᐇ᪋

2003 ᖺᗘ࡟ጞࡲࡾ୍᫖ᖺ 2010 ᖺᗘ࡟⤊஢࡜࡞ࡾྍ⬟࡛ࡍࠋࡓ࡜࠼㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟୙ලྜࡀⓎࡲࡋࡓࠋἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡣ➨ 1 㒊ࠕ᥎ㄽ࣭ศ

⏕ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊணഛࡢࡶࡢ࡟ྲྀࡾ᭰࠼ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ヨ㦂ࢆᯒຊࠖ࡜➨ 2 㒊ࠕㄞゎ࣭⾲⌧ຊࠖࡢ 2 ⛉┠࡛ࡍࠋ⥅⥆࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ

 ⅬᏐ౑⏝ཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡣࠊࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖࡛ࣥタィࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ

3 ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃἲࡲࡍࠋヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ࡢ๓ᖺ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓᛮ⪃ࢸࢫࢺࡢ

3.1 ⫼ᬒࢸࢫࢺ࣭ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊ᥎ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡢࣘࢽ ᅗ 4 ࡣ➨ 1 㒊ࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤⥺࡛ࡍࠋᶓ㍈ࡀゎࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆ౛࡟ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ヨ㦂⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࠊ⦪㍈ࡀゎ⟅⤊஢⋡࡛ࡍࠋᕥഃࡢ⣽⥺᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡀ᥎ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࠊࡑࡋ࡚බᖹ࡞ヨࡀ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡢ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⋡㦂ࡢᣢࡘព⩏࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ

᭤⥺࡛ࡍࠋྑഃࡢኴ⥺ࡀⅬᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡢどぬ㞀ᐖ ヨ㦂ࡢタィ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ஦๓࡟ࢸࢫࢺ࣭ࢹ࣮ࢱ

⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤⥺࡛ࡍࠋ᭤⥺ࡣ࣡࢖ࣈࣝ

ࢆ཰㞟ࡋ࡚ࠊ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿබᖹ࠿ࡘ㐺ษ࡞ศᕸ㛵ᩘ࡟ࡼࡾ࡞ࡵࡽ࠿࡞᭤⥺࡛⾲ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲ

ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࢆᐃ㔞ⓗ࡟᥎ᐃࡋ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡍࠋࡾࡲࡍࠋヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡࡜ヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢ୍㒊ච㝖ᥐ ㏻ᖖࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ෆ࡟೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡀ฿㐩ࡍࡿゎ⨨ࡣࠊ௚ࡢཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊᚓⅬ➼ࠊヨ⟅⤊஢⋡ࡀ 0.390 ࡜᥎ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋᶓ⥺ࡣ㻠㻤ࡇࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ 0.390 ࡛ࡍࠋࡕ࡞ࡳ࡟ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨศࡶ࠿࠿ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ➨ 2 㒊ࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㦂ࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ࡣゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ 0.6 ࠿ࡽ 0.7 ⛬ᗘ࡛タ㛗⋡ࡣ 78. 43 ศ/39.82 ศ㸻1.97ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ 1.97

ィࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ

ಸ࡜᥎ᐃࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤⥺࡟ࡼࡿ᥎ᐃ್࡜ࠊㄝ᫂ࡣ┬ゎ⟅⤊஢⋡␎ࡋࡲࡍࡀᚓⅬ཰ᚓ⋡᭤⥺࡟ࡼࡿ᥎ᐃ್࡜ࢆຍ࿡

1.000

ࡋ࡚➨ 1 㒊ࡣ೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅ࡢ 1.5 ಸࠊ㛗ᩥࡢ➨ 2 㒊
ࡣ 2.0 ಸ࡟タィࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

0.390
ゎ⟅⤊஢⋡
1.000
0.000
0        43.21  61.16          120                          㸦ศ㸧ᅗ 4 ἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂➨ 1 㒊ࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤
0.318

0.000

 ࡇࡢᶓ⥺࡜ゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤⥺ࡢ஺Ⅼࡢ x ᗙᶆࡣࠊ0        39.82     78.43       120                         㸦ศ㸧೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡀ 43.21 ศࠊどぬ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡀ
61.16 ศ࡛ࡍࠋ

ᅗ 5 ἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂➨ 2 㒊ࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣࠊ㏻ᖖࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ෆ࡟ゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ࡀ 0.390 ࡟฿㐩ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛࡟ゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࡀ
43.21 ศ࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ୍᪉ࠊどぬ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂

3.3 ヨ㦂ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡜බᖹᛶࡢព

⪅⩌ࡣゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ 0.390 ࡲ࡛࡟ 61.16 ศࡶ࠿࠿ࡗ

⩏࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ どぬ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡟ゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ 0.390 ㎾ゎ⟅ᡤ㦂ࡢⅬᏐ౑⏝ࡢどぬ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅ࡢཷ㦂ᚋࡢ㐍㊰࡟せ᫬㛫ࢆ➼ࡋࡃಖ㞀ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊヨ㦂ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ

61.16 ศ࡟ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ➨ 1࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡜බᖹ࡞ヨ㦂ࡢព⩏࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼࡚㒊ࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡣࠊどぬ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅ࡳࡓ࠸࡜Ꮡࡌࡲࡍࠋᡤせ᫬㛫 61.16 ศࢆ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫 㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡣ㛤Ⓨᙜึ࠿ࡽⅬᏐཷ㦂⪅࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ

43.21 ศ࡛๭ࡗࡓ 1.42ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ 1.42 ಸ࡜ࡍࡿᚲ

ࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖࡛ࣥタィࡉࢀ࡚࠾せࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋヨ㦂᫬㛫ࡶ➨ 1 㒊ࡢࠕ᥎ㄽ࣭ศᯒຊࠖ

 ᅗ 5 ࡣၥ㢟ᩥࡀ㛗࠸➨ 2 㒊ࠕㄞゎ࣭⾲⌧ຊࠖࡢࡣ೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅ࡢ 1.5 ಸࠊ㛗ᩥࡢ➨ 2 㒊ࡢࠕㄞゎ࣭ゎ⟅⤊஢⋡᭤⥺࡛ࡍࠋ⣽⥺ࡀ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࠊኴ⥺⾲⌧ຊࠖࡣ 2.0 ಸ࡟タィࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ

ࡀどぬ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡛ࡍࠋⅬᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡶᡤෆ୍㈏༳ๅࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ᪂ࡓ࡟㛤 ㏻ᖖࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ෆ࡟೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡀ฿㐩ࡍࡿゎ

Ⓨࡋࠊࡼࡾㄞࡳࡸࡍࡃసᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ

⟅⤊஢⋡ࡣ 0.318 ࡜᥎ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡇ 㐣ཤ 8 ࢝ᖺᗘࡢⅬᏐ࡟ࡼࡿཷ㦂⪅ࡣ 5 ྡ࡜᥎ࡢ 0.318 ࡟฿㐩ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࡣࠊ೺ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ඲ဨἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔ࢆཷ㦂ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡀ 39.82 ศࠊどぬ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡀ 78.43

 ⌧ᅾࠊࡇࡢ 5 ྡࡢ࠺ࡕ 3 ྡࡀἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔࡟ྜ᱁㻠㻥ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋྜ᱁⋡ࡣ 60㸣࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ2໬ࡢ᫬௦࡬࡜኱ࡁࡃኚࢃࢁ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ㞀ྡࡣࡍ࡛࡟ྖἲヨ㦂࡟ྜ᱁ࡋࠊᘚㆤኈ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾

ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᏛ⏕ࡣࠊ㑅ᢤไᗘࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ኚࢃࢁ

ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ࠶࡜ 1 ேࡶ୍᫖ᖺἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔࡟ྜ࠺࡜ࡶࠊ୍⯡Ꮫ⏕࡜බᖹ࡞㑅ᢤࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜

᱁ࡋࠊ᪂ྖἲヨ㦂ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

ࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ ୍᪉ࠊṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔࡟ྜ᱁ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ 㞀ᐖᏛ⏕࡟࡜ࡗ୍࡚⯡Ꮫ⏕࡜බᖹ࡞ධヨ࡟ྜ᱁

2 ேࡶ 1ࠊ2 ᖺᚋ࡟ྖἲヨ㦂ࢆ᩿ᛕࡋࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞㐨࡟࡛ࡁࡓ࡜࠸࠺஦ᐇࡣࠊᏛ⩦ୖࡢከࡃࡢᅔ㞴ࢆ஌ࡾ㐍ࡳά㌍ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ1 ேࡣ┣Ꮫᰯࡢᩍᖌ࡜࡞

㉺࠼࡚ຮᏛࡍࡿ⮬ಙ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ⪅࡜Ꮡࡌࡲࡍࠋࡲ

ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ௚ࡢ 1 ேࡶᕷ఍㆟ဨ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡓࠊ㞀ᐖ㧗ᰯ⏕࡟࡜ࡗ࡚኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫࡢᶵ఍ࡀබᖹ࡟

ά㌍ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

ಖ㞀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᏛ⩦ពḧࢆቑ㐍ࡋࠊ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ヨ㦂ࡀබᖹ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࢀࡤᐇຊ

୍⯡㧗ᰯ⏕࡜ྠᵝࠊධヨࡣ㞀ᐖ㧗ᰯ⏕ࡢ㧗ᰯẁ㝵ࡀ㐺ษ࡟ホ౯ࡉࢀࠊྖἲヨ㦂➼ࠊ┠ⓗࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡢᏛຊಖᣢ࡟ࡶ㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡜

ࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡓ࡜࠼ṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ┠ⓗ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ

ࢆ㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶබᖹ࡞ヨ㦂࡜ࡋ࡚ヨ㦂⤖ᯝࢆ 㞀ᐖᏛ⏕ࢆྵࡵࡍ࡭࡚ࡢཷ㦂⪅࡟බᖹ࡞ヨ㦂ࢆཷࡅධࢀ࡚ⓗ☜࡞㐍㊰ࢆ㑅ᢥ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ

ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊ᪂࣭ᪧࡢྖἲヨ㦂࡛ࡍࡀࠊどぬ㞀ᐖࣥࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ࠾ヰࡋࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋ

ཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨ࡣ᪂ྖἲヨ㦂ࡢᐇ᪋ࡓࠋࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ⚾ࡢ࡜࠸࠺ไᗘᨵ㠉ࡢᶵ఍࡟ࠊྖἲヨ㦂ጤဨ఍࠿ࡽ◊◊✲ᐊ࡛⌧ᅾ㛤Ⓨ୰ࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆ✲ጤクࢆཷࡅࠊࢸࢫࢺ࣭ࢹ࣮ࢱ཰㞟ᐇ㦂࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ⤂௓ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺

2004 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽ㡰ḟᨵၿࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

ᛶヨ㦂ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆ౛࡟ヨ㦂᫬㛫 ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᐇຊࡀ㐺ษ࡟ホ౯ࡉࢀ᪂ྖἲヨ㦂ࡢᘏ㛗⋡ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟᥎ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࠊࡲࡓࠊබ

ྜ᱁⪅ࡀ 2 ேฟ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊᪧྖἲヨ㦂ࡢᖹ࡞ヨ㦂ࡢព⩏࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋ

ཷ㦂⪅ࡶヨ㦂ࡀ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘබᖹ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜

ࡓࠋ࠸࠺ㄆ㆑ࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠊ2004 ᖺᗘࢆቃ ᭱㏆ࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅࡟㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢᶵ఍ࢆಖ㞀ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㐃⥆ཷ㦂⪅ࡢᩘࡀ⃭ῶࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟⪺࠸࡚࠾࡟ࡣ㞀ᐖ⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿ≉ูධᏛᯟࢆタࡅࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡣ

ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࡞࠸࠿ࠊࡲࡓࡣ≉ู㑅⪃ࢆࡍࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ ௒ᅇࡢ㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࡢ౛ࡣࠊேᩘࡀࡁࢃࡵ࡚

࠸࠺㆟ㄽࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ☜࠿࡟≉ูᯟࡸ≉㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊಙ㢗ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡣゝ࠼ࡲࡏࢇࠋ

ู㑅⪃࡟ࡼࡾ㐍Ꮫࡢᶵ఍ࡣቑ࠼ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ

ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊྜ᱁⪅ࡶ୙ྜ᱁⪅ࡶ 5 ேࡍ࡭࡚ࡀ┠ᶆ࡟ࡑࢀ࡟ཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨࡟క࠺ᕧ㢠ࡢ⤒㈝ࢆ⠇ῶࡍࡿྥ࠿ࡗ࡚ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㐨࡟㐍ࡳά㌍ࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿࡇ

஦ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᏛຊࡀకࢃ࡞࠸㞀࡜ࡣఱࡼࡾࡶ࠺ࢀࡋ࠸஦࡛ࡍࠋ

ᐖᏛ⏕ࡀධᏛࡋࡓሙྜࠊᯝࡓࡋ࡚኱Ꮫࡢᩍဨࡸ୍ බᖹ࡞ヨ㦂ࡣ༢࡟ྜ᱁⪅ࢆබᖹ࡟ホ౯ࡍࡿࡔࡅ

⯡Ꮫ⏕ࡣᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ

࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ୙ྜ᱁⪅࡟ࡶ㐺ษ࡞⮬ᕫホ౯ࡢ Ḣ⡿ࡢ኱Ꮫࡢ༞ᴗ⋡ࡣ 50 ࡞࠸ࡋ 60㸣⛬ᗘ࡛ࡍᶵ఍ࢆ୚࠼ࠊࡑࡢᚋࡢⓗ☜࡞㐍㊰Ỵᐃࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡀᡃࡀᅜࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡀ༞ᴗ㈨᱁ࢆཷࡅࡿ஦

ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡇࡑࡀヨ㦂ࡢබᖹᛶࡢព⩏࡛ࡣࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ኱Ꮫ࡟࠾࠸࡚୙ᖾ࡟ࡶ༞ᴗ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ

࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ

ሙྜࠊ㞀ᐖᏛ⏕ࡣᯝࡓࡋ࡚❧ࡕ┤ࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺
࠿ࠋ

4 ⤖ㄽ

 ೺ᖖᏛ⏕࡜ྠᵝࠊධヨࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚ດຊࡋࠊྜ᱁ ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ⎔ቃࡣ➇த㑅ᢤ࠿ࡽ඲ධ

ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ᪉ࡀࡼࡾ㐺ษ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ

㻡㻜➨ 2 ❶ ᪂ࡋ࠸ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨ㻡㻝➨ 1 ⠇ ᴫせ ᭱᪂ࡢ୙ྍど 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ㖄➹ࢆ࣌ࣥᆺࡢࢹࢪࢱ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢹ࢕࢜ࣉ࣮ࣞࣖ࡟⨨ࡁ᥮࠼ࡓࠊ⣬➹ࢸࢫࢺឤぬࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆ㛤ⓎࡋࡓࠋᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟
ࡣࠊ㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡲࡓࡣᣑ኱ᩥᏐࡢၥ㢟෉Ꮚࢆẁⴠࡸᩥࠊୗ⥺ࡸᩘᘧ➼ࠊၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀༢఩࡟༊ศ
ࡋࠊྛ༊ศ࡟୙ྍど 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡋࡓၥ㢟෉Ꮚࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࠋࢥ࣮ࢻࢫ࢟ࣕࢼෆⶶࡢ
ࢹࢪࢱ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢹ࢕࢜ࣉࣞ࢖࡛ࣖၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡢྛ༊ศࢆࢱࢵࢳࡍࡿ࡜ࢥ࣮ࢻࡀㄞࡳྲྀࡽࢀࠊࡑࡢ༊ศ
࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓၥ㢟㡢ኌࡀ෌⏕ࡉࢀࡿࠋᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ 2 ࡘࡢࣔࢲࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ၥ㢟ࢆ⬟ືⓗ࡟ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡣࠊၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡔࡅࢆ㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡲࡓࡣ
ⅬᏐࡢグྕ࡛⾲グࡋࡓၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡟ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࡀ㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࢜ࣉࣞ࢖
࡛ࣖࢱࢵࢳࡍࡿ࡜ࡑࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀グྕ࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓ㡢ኌࡀ෌⏕ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࡇࡢ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆຠ⋡ⓗ࡟సᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ㡢ኌၥ㢟୍㈏సᡂ࣮࢜ࢧࣜࣥࢢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋၥ㢟ࡢ PDF ࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆㄞࡳ㎸ࡴ࡜ࠊᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡀゎᯒࡉࢀࠊᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀༢఩࡟༊ศࡉࢀࡿࠋ
༊ศࡀ㐺ษ࡛࡞࠸ሙྜ࡟ࡣᑐヰⓗ࡟ಟṇࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ࣮࢜ࢧࣜࣥࢢࢩࢫࢸ࣒࠿ࡽ
ฟຊࡉࢀࡿࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ⮬ືⓗ࡟ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡀ༳ๅࡉࢀࠊࢹࢪࢱࣝ
࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࢜ࣉ࣮ࣞࣖࡢ㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࡀసᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࡇࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ4 ḟ࡟Ώࡾホ౯ᐇ㦂ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
 ➨ 1 ḟࡢホ౯ᐇ㦂ࡢࣇ࢕ࢪࣅࣜࢸ࢕ࢸࢫࢺ࡟⥆ࡁࠊ⥲ྜヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࢆฟ㢟ࡋࡓ➨ 2 ḟホ౯ᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᚑ᮶ࡢⅬᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚཬࡧ㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡲࡓࡣᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊࡇࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆᐇ⏝໬ࡍࢀࡤࠊ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࠊ㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ཬࡧㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅ࡣࡶ࡜ࡼࡾᩥᏐ
ㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢཷ㦂⪅ࡢ⥲ྜၥ㢟ヨ㦂➼ࡢཷ㦂ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢฟࡉࢀࡓࠋ 㧗ᰯධヨၥ㢟ࢆฟ㢟ࡋࡓ➨ 3 ḟホ౯ᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊྂᩥࡸ₎ᩥࢆࡣࡌࡵᩥ❶㢟ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᅗ࣭
⾲ࡸᩘᘧࡢ㡢ኌฟ㢟᪉ἲࠊⱥㄒࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨ➼ࠊᅜㄒ࣭ⱥㄒ࣭ᩘᏛ࣭♫఍࣭⌮⛉ࡢ 5 ᩍ⛉ࡢ㡢ኌฟ㢟ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢฟࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢ㐣ཤၥࢆฟ㢟ࡍࡿ➨ 4 ḟࡢホ౯ᐇ㦂ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊྛࢸࢫࢺ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔࡟㐺ษ࡞ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ୙ྍど 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ᪉ᘧࡢヨ㦂࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ≉チࢆྲྀᚓࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟࡛ཷ㦂ࡍࡿ㞀ᐖ⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ᪉ᘧࡢࣜ
ࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⌧ᅾ≉チࢆฟ㢪୰࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
 ➨ 2 ⠇ࡣࠊᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ㔜ᗘࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ཬࡧ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼ࡢཷ㦂ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ୙ྍど 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚㛤Ⓨ࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ➨ 3 ⠇ࡣࠊࡇࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㞀ᐖ⪅ᨭ᥼࡟㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ఍㆟࡟࠾ࡅࡿⓎ⾲ㄽᩥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
 ➨ 4 ⠇ࡣࠊᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅ཬࡧ㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼ࡢཷ㦂ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㛤ⓎࡋࡓᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ➨ 5 ⠇ࡣࠊ2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ᪉ᘧࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢホ౯ᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᚑ᮶ࡢⅬᏐၥ㢟෉
Ꮚཬࡧ㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡲࡓࡣᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊࡇࡢ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆᐇ⏝໬ࡍࢀࡤࠊ୰㏵㻡㻟ኻ᫂⪅ࠊ㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ཬࡧㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅ࡣࡶ࡜ࡼࡾᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢཷ
㦂⪅ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼ࡢཷ㦂ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
 ➨ 6 ⠇ࡣࠊࡇࡢ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ᪉ᘧࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㞀ᐖ⪅ᨭ᥼࡟㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ఍㆟ࡢⓎ⾲ㄽᩥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
 ➨ 7 ⠇ࡣࠊ୙ྍど 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛࠶ࡿࠋホ౯ᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࠊ㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ཬࡧㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅ࡣࡶ࡜ࡼࡾࠊᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢཷ㦂⪅ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼ࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ᪉ᘧࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢࣃ࣮࣡ࢸࢫࢺ᪉ᘧࡔ
ࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࢸࢫࢺ᪉ᘧࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

㻡㻠➨ 2 ⠇ ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࠕ㔜ᗘࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ཬࡧ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡢཷ㦂ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨࠖ⸨ⰾ ⾨, ⸨ⰾ᫂⏕, 㟷ᯇ฼᫂ (2010). ኱Ꮫධヨ◊✲ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝ, No.20, 131-138.

㻡㻡㔜ᗘࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ཬࡧ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡢཷ㦂ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨ
⸨ⰾ ⾨㸦኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧㸪⸨ⰾ᫂⏕㸦Ⲉᇛ኱Ꮫ㸧㸪㟷ᯇ฼᫂㸦⟃Ἴ኱Ꮫ㝃ᒓどぬ≉ูᨭ᥼Ꮫᰯ㸧ᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ㔜ᗘࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ཬࡧ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼ࡢཷ㦂ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆ㛤ⓎࡋࡓࠋḢ⡿࡛ࡣᑐ㠃ᮁㄞ᪉ᘧཬࡧ࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࣭࢜࢝ࢭࢵࢺ᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡀᖖ࡟⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪㛗ᩥ࡛ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡀ」㞧࡞ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼࡟ࡣ⊂⮬ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ
ࡓࡵ㸪ၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࢆ༳ๅࡋࡓ⏝⣬࡜ࢥ࣮ࢻ࣭࣮ࣜࢲ௜ࡁࡢ㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࡢ 2
ࡘࡔࡅ࡛ヨ㦂ࡢᐇ᪋ࡀྍ⬟࡞㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋ
ࡓ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡶ㸪ⅬᏐၥ㢟࡛ཷ㦂ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟

ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
ᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ཬࡧ୰ࡣኻ᫂ᚋ 3 ࡞࠸ࡋ 5 ࢝ᖺ㛫ࡢⅬᏐゐㄞカ⦎

㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡣ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂㸦௨ୗࠕࢭࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ཷ㦂ࢆ࠶ࡁࡽࡵࡊࡿࢆᚓ

ࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࠖ࡜␎グ㸧➼ࡢཷ㦂ࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡣ㛤Ⓨᙜึ࠿ࡽ㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿཷ

ඛ㐍ྛᅜ࡛ࡣ㸪ヨ㦂ᐁࡀ┤᥋ၥ㢟ࢆㄞࡳୖ㦂⪅ࢆࡣࡌࡵࡍ࡭࡚ࡢཷ㦂⪅࡟බᖹ࡟㓄៖ࡋࡆࡿᑐ㠃ᮁㄞ᪉ᘧ࠾ࡼࡧ࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࣭࢜࢝ࢭࢵ

࡚ヨ㦂ࢆタィࡍࡿࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖࡛ࣥ

ࢺ᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡀᖖ࡟⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⡿㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡢၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡟ຍ࠼ᅜࡢᏛຊホ౯ࢸࢫࢺ㸦SAT㸧㸦Educational࡚㸪㔜ᗘどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅⏝࡟ⅬᏐၥ㢟ࡀ㸪ᙅど⪅

Testing⏝࡟ᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡀ⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦⊂❧⾜Wendler, 1992; Willingham et al., 1988㸧ࡸᨻἲே኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮, 2009㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ⱥᅜࡢ୰➼ᬑ㏻ᩍ⫱༞ᴗ㈨᱁ヨ㦂㸦GCE㸧

㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡀ࡞࠸ࡓࡵᩥᏐࡢㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍ㸦Joint Council for Qualifications, 2005㸧ࡿ㔜ᗘࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅࠾ࡼࡧ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡣ㸪ࢭࢆࡣࡌࡵ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢ㧗ᰯ༞ᴗ㈨᱁ヨ㦂࡟࠾ࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼ࡢཷ㦂ࢆ᩿ᛕࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋ

࠸࡚ࡶᖖ࡟‽ഛࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

Service,

2006;

Ragostaandࠕ㏻ᖖᏛ⣭࡟ᅾ⡠ࡍࡿ≉ู࡞ᩍ⫱ⓗᨭ᥼ࢆࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᑠၥᙧᘧࡢḢ⡿ࡢඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺ࡜ࡣᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ඲ᅜᐇែㄪᰝࠖ

␗࡞ࡾ㸪㛗ᩥ࡛ၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡀ」㞧࡞኱ၥ㸦ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬, 2004㸧࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡣ㸪 ᙧᘧࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼࡟ࡣ㸪⊂⮬ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ྛᏛᖺࡢඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪⣙ 2.5㸣ࡀ᭷ࡋࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪➨ 1 ࡟㸪࡚࠸ࡿ࡜᥎ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡢ୺せ࡞࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࣭࢜࢝ࢭࢵࢺ࡟᭰ࢃࡿどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ≉㉁ࡣ㸪ㄞ᭩ᢏ⬟ࡢⓎ㐩࡟࠾ࡅࡿ༢࡞ࡿどຊ㡢 ኌ ᶵ ჾ ࡢ ୡ ⏺ ᶆ ‽ つ ᱁ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ DAISYࡢၥ㢟ࡸ⢭⚄ᖺ㱋࠾ࡼࡧ୙㐺ษ࡞Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱࡟

㸦Digital Accessible Information System㸧ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ࡞࠸≉ᐃࡢ㔜኱࡞㞀ᐖ࡛࠶ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆヨసࡋࡓ㸦⸨ⰾ,ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᩥᏐࡀぢ࠼࡚࠸࡚ࡶ

2004; ⸨ⰾ࣭⸨ⰾ, 2005㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ၥ㢟ᩥព࿡ࡢ⌮ゎࡀᅔ㞴࡞ᩥᏐゝㄒⓗ㞀ᐖ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡢࣛࣥࢲ࣒࣭࢔ࢡࢭࢫࡸၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡢᢕࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢከࡃࡣ㸪㡢ኌゝㄒࡢ⌮ᥱࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᅗࡢฟ㢟ࡶᅔ㞴ゎ࡜౑⏝࡟ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶᅔ㞴ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ

࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ➨ 2 ࡟㸪ࢱࣈࣞࢵࢺ࣭ࢥࣥࣆࣗ

どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪୰➼ᩍ⫱ẁ㝵࡛ኻ᫂ࡋ࣮ࢱࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ㻡㻣㸦Fujiyoshi and Fujiyoshi, 2006;⸨ⰾ࡯࠿,ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡋࡓᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡜㸪2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ࣭

2006㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᐇ᪋㠃࡛ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡶ

࣮ࣜࢲ௜ࡁࡢ㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࡢ 2 ࡘ࡛ᵓᡂࡋࣃࢯࢥࣥ࡟ࢺࣛࣈࣝࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚᚟ᪧ࡟ᡭ㛫ࡍࡿࠋྲྀࢀࡤヨ㦂ࡀ⤊஢ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ᜍࢀࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲⏝⣬ࡢసᡂᚑ᮶ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ▷ᡤࢆゎᾘࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋᅗ 1ၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࢆᢕᥱࡋ࡞ࡀࡽゎ⟅ࡀ࡛ࡁࡣ㸪ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢཷ㦂㢼ᬒ࡛ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡔࡅࢆ㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡲ

࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡔࡅ

ࡓࡣⅬᏐ࡛༳ๅࡋࡓᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ࢆసᡂࡍࡿࠋ

ࢆグྕ࡛༳ๅࡋࡓᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡜㸪ぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2ᅗ 2 ࡟㸪ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ࡢ౛ࢆ♧ࡍࠋḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ࣭࣮ࣜࢲ௜ࡁࡢ㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖᇶᮏⓗ࡟㸪1 ၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡣ⏝⣬ 1 ࣮࣌

ࡢ 2 ࡘࡔࡅ࡛ヨ㦂ࡢᐇ᪋ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋㄞ

ࢪ࡟⾲⌧ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣮࣌ࢪࡢୖ㒊࡟㸪ၥ㢟Ꮠ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢከࡃࡣᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡟༳ๅࡉࢀࡓ㏻

ᩥࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡔࡅࢆグྕ࡛⾲♧ࡍࡿࠋ1 ẁⴠᖖᩥᏐࡢಶࠎࡢグྕࡣㄆ▱ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ

ࡣ 1 ⾜࡛⾲⌧ࡍࡿࠋྛẁⴠࡣ㸪ẁⴠ␒ྕ㸪ࡓࡵ㸪ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ࡢグྕࢆ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖඛ➃ࡑࡢẁⴠ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿᩥࡢඛ㢌఩⨨㸦ᩥ㸧㸪ୗࡢࢥ࣮ࢻ࣭࣮ࣜࢲ㒊࡛ࢱࢵࢳࡍࡿ࡜㸪㡢ኌࢹ⥺␒ྕ㸦ⱥᑠᩥᏐ㸧㸪✵ḍ␒ྕ㸦ⱥ኱ᩥᏐ㸧࣮ࢱࡀ෌⏕ࡉࢀ㸪ẁⴠ༢఩࡟ၥ㢟ࢆ⮬⏤࡟ㄞ➼グྕ࡛ᵓᡂࡍࡿࠋ࣮࣌ࢪࡢୗ㒊࡟㸪タၥᩥࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡶⅬࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࢆ⾲♧ࡍࡿࠋ1 タၥࡣ 1 ⾜࡛⾲⌧Ꮠ࡛༳ๅࡉࢀࡓᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ࡢⅬᏐグྕࢆゐ▱ࡍࡿࠋྛタၥࡣ㸪タၥ␒ྕ㸪ゎ⟅␒ྕ㸪㑅ᢥࡋ࡚ࢱࢵࢳ࡛ࡁࡉ࠼ࡍࢀࡤ㸪㡢ኌ࡛ၥ㢟ࢆ⮬⫥␒ྕ࡛ᵓᡂࡍࡿࠋ

⏤࡟ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋᅗ 2 ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅⏝ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲⏝⣬ᅗ 1 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲᪉ᘧ࡟ࡼࡿ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢཷ㦂㢼ᬒᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ࡢྛᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀グྕ࡟ࡣ㸪ぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛
ࡁࡿࠋᅗ 3 ࡟᥇⏝ࡋࡓぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢᴫせࡇࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡣ㸪ぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢻ GridOnput ࡢᣑ኱ᅗ㸦ࢢࣜࢵࢻ࣐࣮ࢡ࣭

ࢥ࣮ࢻࡢ౑⏝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋၥ㢟ࡢࢯ ࣜ ࣗ ࣮ ࢩ ࣙ ࣥ ࢬ , 2009 㸧 ࢆ ♧ ࡍ ࠋ ⣙ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀グྕ࡜ぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ㔜

0.25mm 㛫㝸ࡢᑠࡉ࡞Ⅼࡢ㓄ิ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ1 ࡘ㻡㻤ࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㍍ᗘࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡣ㸪ヨࡢࢥ࣮ࢻࡣ 2mm ゅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࡣ㸪㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡋ࡚ࡶᩥᏐࡸ

㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࢆ㐺ṇ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪㏻ᖖࡢᩥ

ᅗࡢどㄆࢆጉࡆ࡞࠸≉ᚩࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍⯡Ꮠ෉Ꮚࢆ౑⏝ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ẚ㍑ⓗ㔜࡟࣮࢝ࣛ༳ๅࡣ㸪ࢩ࢔࣭࣐ࣥࢮࣥࢱ࣭࢖࢚ࣟ

ᗘࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅⏝࡟ࡣ㸪㏻ᖖᩥᏐ෉Ꮚ࡟ᙜヱ࣮࣭ࣈࣛࢵࢡࡢ 4 Ⰽ࡛࡞ࡉࢀࡿࠋࢩ࢔࣭ࣥ

ᩥ❶ࢆ㡢ኌ࡛෌⏕ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟ࣐ࢮࣥࢱ࣭࢖࢚࣮ࣟࡢ 3 Ⰽ࡛ᩥᏐࡸᅗࢆ༳

ඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡋࡓ㸪ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ๅࡋ㸪ࣈࣛࢵࢡ࡛ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ༳ๅࡍࢀ

ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢసᡂࡀ᭷ຠ࡜᥎

ࡤ㸪ᩥᏐࡸᅗࡢ୰࡟ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ᭩ࡁධࡲࡓ㸪₎Ꮠ௬ྡ஺ࡌࡾᩥࡢ⌮ゎࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟ᅔ㞴ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ࡞㔜ᗘࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅⏝࡟ࡣ㸪ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲᪉ᘧࢆ୍㠃࡟༳ๅࡍࡿ࡜㸪⫼ᬒⰍ࡜࡞ࡾ༳ๅࡉࢀ

ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡀ᭱㐺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࢀࡿࠋࡓᩥᏐࡸᅗࡢどㄆࢆጉࡆ࡞࠸ࠋ
 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ࣭࣮ࣜࢲ௜ࡁ ,& ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࡢ฼⏝
2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ࣭࣮ࣜࢲ௜ࡁ㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟ࡣ㸪ࢫࣆ࣮࢟ࣥࢢ࣭࣌ࣥ㸦ࢢࣜࢵࢻ࣐࣮
ࢡ࣭ࢯ࣮ࣜࣗࢩࣙࣥࢬ(ᰴ)㸧ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓࠋ࣌ࣥᆺࡢ⿦⨨ࡢඛ➃ࡢ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ࣭࣮ࣜࢲ
㒊࡛ࢥ࣮ࢻࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡿ࡜㸪ࡑࡢࢥ࣮ࢻ࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟ෆⶶࡉࢀࡓ㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ
෌⏕ࡉࢀࡿࠋ㡢ኌࡣෆⶶࢫࣆ࣮࢝ࡲࡓࡣ࢖ࣖ
࡛࣍ࣥ⪺ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ෌⏕㡢㔞ࡶ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ๓㠃ࡢୖୗࡢ࣎ࢱ࡛ࣥㄪᩚྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋၥ㢟ࢆㄞࡴሙྜࡣ㸪2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ፹௓࡜

ᅗ 3 GridOnput®ࡢࢻࢵࢺࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ

ࡋ࡚㸪ྛၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀グྕ࡜㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ
ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1 ᑐ 1 ࡟ᑐᛂ࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅⏝ࡢᅗ 2 ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ࡣ㸪LED ࣉࣜࣥࢱ㸦C880dn, (ᰴ)Ἀࢹ࣮ࢱ㸧࡛㸪 IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࡢඛ➃ࡢࢥ࣮ࢻ࣭࣮ࣜࢲ㒊࡛ᩥ
㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀グྕ࡜㸪ࡑࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀グ

᭩ᵓ㐀グྕࢆࢱࢵࢳࡍࢀࡤ㸪ヱᙜ㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱྕࡢ༊⏬⥺ෆ୍㠃࡟ヱᙜࡢ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ㸪ࡀ෌⏕ࡉࢀࡿࠋẁⴠ༢఩࡟ㄞࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ⟠ᡤࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡋ࡚సᡂࡋࡓࠋ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅⏝ࡢᩥᢕᥱࡋ࡞ࡀࡽၥ㢟ࢆㄞࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ၥ㢟ᩥ࡛᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ࡣ㸪ⅬᏐ⏝⣬࡟ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅⏝ࡢᩥ᭩ࡣࢱࢵࢳࡋࡓᙜヱ⟠ᡤ࠿ࡽࡑࡢẁⴠࡢ⤊ࢃࡾᵓ㐀⾲ࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲ༳ๅࡋࡓୖ࡟㸪ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀グࡲ࡛㸪タၥᩥ࡛ࡣᙜヱ⟠ᡤ࠿ࡽࡑࡢタၥࡢ⤊

ྕࢆⅬᏐࣉࣜࣥࢱ㸦ESA721 JTR㸧࡛㔜ࡡ࡚ࢃࡾࡲ࡛㸪㡢ኌ࡛ㄞࡳୖࡆࡿࠋ㡢ኌࢆṆࡵࡓ༳ๅࡋ࡚సᡂࡋࡓࠋ

࠸ሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ๓㠃ࡢ೵Ṇ࣎ࢱࣥぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࡢ᥇⏝࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࢥࢆᢲࡍ࠿㸪࣮࣌ࢪࡢ✵ⓑ㒊ศࢆࢱࢵࢳࡍࡿࠋ

࣮ࢻࡀ༳ๅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⟠ᡤࢆព㆑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡞

㘓㡢⦅㞟ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔㸦ࣉࣞࢡࢫࢺ࣮ࢡ࣭

ࡃ㸪┤᥋ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ࡢྛグྕࢆࢱࢵࢳࡋ࡚㡢ࣞࢥ࣮ࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ࣭ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔ PRSpro ࢩኌࢆ෌⏕ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ≉࡟㸪୰㏵ࢼࣀࢣࣥࢩ(ᰴ)㸧ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚㸪ၥ㢟ࢆᮁㄞࡋኻ᫂⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚᧯సᛶ࡟㠀ᖖ࡟ඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࡓ㡢ኌࢆࣃࢯࢥ࡛ࣥࢹࢪࢱࣝ㘓㡢ࡋ⦅㞟ࡋ࡚࡜ࡇࢁ࡛㸪ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡣከᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪㞀㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࢆసᡂࡋࡓࠋ㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ SD ࢝ᐖࡢ⛬ᗘ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚㐺ษ࡞㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆసᡂࡍࡿ

࣮ࢻ࡟グ㘓ࡋ㸪IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟ෆⶶࡍࡿࠋࡕ

㻡㻥࡞ࡳ࡟㸪1GB ࡢ SD ࣮࢝ࢻ࡟ 1 ࢝ᖺᗘศࡢ

✀㢮࡛࠶ࡿࠋヰ㏿ᗘࡣ㡢ኌࡢ㡢⛬ࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡇ

ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢᮏ࣭㏣ࡢࡍ࡭࡚ࡢᩍ⛉࣭⛉┠࡜࡞ࡃ㸪㏿ᗘࡢࡳࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿࠋ
ၥ㢟ࡢせᅉࡣ㸪ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢࠕ⌧௦♫ࡢ㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ᱁⣡ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ఍ࠖࡢ㐣ཤၥ 4 ၥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋၥ㢟ࡢ㓄Ⅼ㸪ၥホ౯ᐇ㦂㢟ࡢᩥ᭩㔞㸦ᩥᏐᩘ㸪ⅬᏐ࣐ࢫᩘ㸧ཬࡧฟ඾ᐇ㦂┠ⓗࢆ⾲ 2 ࡟♧ࡍࠋၥ㢟ࡣከ⫥㑅ᢥၥ㢟ࡢᩥ❶㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟࡜ⅬᏐၥ㢟ࡢࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢせᅉࡀᚓⅬཬࡧゎ⟅㏿ᗘ࡟

⾲2ཬࡰࡍຠᯝࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࢸࢫࢺ࣭ࢹ࣮ࢱ
཰㞟ᐇ㦂ࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࠋ
➨
1
ၥ
➨
2
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3
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4
ၥ
ྜ
ィ

ᐇ㦂ィ⏬ࡣ㸪ヨ㦂ࡢᛶ㉁ୖ㸪ྠࡌၥ㢟ࢆྠࡌ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡟ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࢆኚ࠼࡚ฟ㢟࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡢ࠶ࡿ 44 ࡢࢢࣞࢥ࣭ࣛࢸࣥ᪉᱁ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⾲ 1 ࡟ᐇ㦂ィ⏬
ࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ
⾲ 1 4×4 ࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡢ࠶ࡿࢢࣞࢥ࣭ࣛࢸࣥ   ᪉᱁ἲࡢᐇ㦂ィ⏬ࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪ 
⿕㦂⪅⩌

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2⩌
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1 ಸ㏿㡢ኌ 1.5 ಸ㏿㡢
ⅬᏐၥ㢟䞉
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ኌၥ㢟䞉
1
➨1ၥ
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1.5 ಸ㏿㡢 2 ಸ㏿㡢ኌ
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ᩥ᭩㔞

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ᐇ㦂᪉ἲ1⩌ၥ㢟ู㓄Ⅼ࡜ᩥ᭩㔞㸦ᩥᏐᩘ㸪
ⅬᏐ࣐ࢫᩘ㸧ཬࡧฟ඾

4⩌2 ಸ㏿㡢ኌၥ㢟䞉
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1.5 ಸ㏿㡢ኌၥ㢟䞉➨1ၥ
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ၥ㢟䞉➨ 4
ၥ

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ᩥᏐᩘ

ⅬᏐ䝬䝇ᩘ

5

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4,866

ᖹᡂ 20 ᖺᗘ㏣ヨ㦂䛄⌧௦♫఍䛅➨ 2 ၥ

5

2,000

4,543

ᖹᡂ 20 ᖺᗘ㏣ヨ㦂䛄⌧௦♫఍䛅➨ 6 ၥ

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ᖹᡂ 19 ᖺᗘ㏣ヨ㦂䛄⌧௦♫఍䛅➨ 5 ၥ

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26,190ᡭ⥆ࡁࡣヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆไ㝈ࡋ࡞࠸సᴗไ㝈ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋゎ⟅ࡣ㸪⿕㦂⪅࡟ⅬᏐ࡛⟅᱌ࢆసᡂࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࡢグ㘓ࡣ㸪⿕㦂⪅ࡢ㡢ኌሗ࿌࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪᳨ᰝ⪅ࡀグ㘓⏝⣬࡟ゎ⟅㛤ጞ᫬้࡜⤊஢᫬้ࢆࢫࢺࢵࣉ࢛࢘ࢵࢳࢆぢ࡞ࡀࡽグධࡍࡿࠋ

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➨3ၥ

ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ
ᚓⅬ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⿕㦂⪅⩌㸪ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔㸪⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢせᅉࡣ㸪1 ⩌ 4 ྡࡎࡘࡢ 4 ⩌ィၥ㢟㸪㡰ᗎࡢ 4 せᅉࡢཬࡰࡍຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࡍ

16 ྡ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⿕㦂⪅ࡣⅬᏐၥ㢟࡜㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡿࡓࡵ㸪⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡢ࠶ࡿࢢࣞࢥ࣭ࣛࢸࣥ᪉᱁

ࡢ୧ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡀ౑⏝ྍ⬟࡞どぬ≉ูἲࡢศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ4 ḟࡢ஺஫స⏝ࡣ᭷ᨭ᥼Ꮫᰯࡢどぬ㞀ᐖࡢ㧗ᰯ⏕࠾ࡼࡧ୍㒊༞ᴗព࡛࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪ࣉ࣮ࣜࣥࢢࡋࡓሙྜࡢศ

⏕࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩓศᯒ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲ 3 ࡟♧ࡍࠋࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢせᅉࡣ㸪ⅬᏐၥ㢟࡜ヰ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢせᅉ࡟᭷ព࡞୺ຠᯝࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ

㏿ᗘࡀ␗࡞ࡿ 3 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ 4 Ỉ‽࡛ࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢせᅉ࡟ࡶ㸪㝈

࠶ࡿࠋⅬᏐၥ㢟ࡣⅬᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡛ฟ㢟ࡍࡿࠋ⏺Ỉ‽ 0.0788 ࡜᭷ព࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ୺ຠ

㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡣ㸪㡢ኌࢆࢹࢪࢱࣝฎ⌮ࡋ࡚㸪ᮁㄞᯝࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ୍᪉㸪ၥ㢟ࡢせᅉ࡜㡰ᗎࡢ᫬ࡢヰ㏿ᗘࡢ 1 ಸ㏿㸪1.5 ಸ㏿㸪2 ಸ㏿ࡢ 3

せᅉ࡟ࡣ᭷ព࡞୺ຠᯝࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

㻢㻜㛫ᙜࡓࡾ࡟ฎ⌮ྍ⬟࡞ᩥ᭩㔞࡜ࡋ࡚⟬ฟࡋࡓࠋ⾲ 3 ᚓⅬ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡢ࠶ࡿࢢࣞࢥ࣭   ࣛࢸࣥ᪉᱁ἲࡢศᩓศᯒ⤖ᯝ   (ࣉ࣮ࣜࣥࢢࡋࡓሙྜ)ኚືせᅉ⮬⏤ᗘ ᖹ᪉࿴

ᖹᆒ
ᖹ᪉

F್

㝈⏺
Ỉ‽

⾲4 ゎ⟅㏿ᗘ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡢ࠶ࡿ  ࢢࣞࢥ࣭ࣛࢸࣥ᪉᱁ἲࡢศᩓศᯒ⤖ᯝ  (ࣉ࣮ࣜࣥࢢࡋࡓሙྜ)
ኚືせᅉ

⮬⏤ᗘ

⿕㦂⪅⩌

3

䝔䝇䝖፹య

3

6485.492161.83

2.75

0.0523ၥ㢟

318622.26 6207.42

7.89

0.0002 **㡰␒

35435.23

1811.742.30

0.0881786.99⿕㦂⪅⩌

3

11.63 3.88

3.33

0.0267 *䝔䝇䝖䞉䝯䝕䜱䜰

3

8.38

2.79

2.40

0.0788

ၥ㢟

3

5.00

1.67

1.43

0.2444

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3

2.63

0.88

0.75

0.5265e5159.38 1.16

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63

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F್

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5.10

0.0036 *ᚓⅬศᕸࢆࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔㛫࡛ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ
ࡓࡵ㸪ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ูᚓⅬศᕸࡢ⟽ࡦࡆ⿕㦂⪅⩌ཬࡧၥ㢟ࡢ 2 せᅉ࡟ࡣ᭷ព࡞୺

ᅗ࡜ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔㛫ࡢ➢ྕ௜ࡁ㡰఩࿴᳨ຠᯝࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔

ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ 4 ࡟♧ࡍࠋࠕ᳨ᐃ⤖ᯝࠖࡢ⦪⥺ࡢせᅉ࡟ࡶ㸪㝈⏺Ỉ‽ 0.0523 ࡜᭷ព࡛ࡣ࡞

ࡣ⥺࡛⤖ࡤࢀࡓࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔㛫࡟᭷ពᕪ࠸ࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ୺ຠᯝࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ㡰ᗎࡢせᅉࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ࡟ࡣ᭷ព࡞୺ຠᯝࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

㡢ኌࡢ෌⏕ヰ㏿ᗘࡀ 1 ಸ㏿࡜ 2 ಸ㏿ࡢ㡢ゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢศᕸࢆࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔㛫࡛ẚኌၥ㢟ࡢᚓⅬศᕸ࡜ⅬᏐၥ㢟ࡢᚓⅬศᕸࡣྠ㍑ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ูゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢ

ᵝ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪᭷ពᕪࡶㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

ศᕸࡢ⟽ࡦࡆᅗཬࡧࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔㛫ࡢ➢࡜ࡇࢁࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡽ 3 ࡘࡢࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕

ྕ௜ࡁ㡰఩࿴᳨ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ 5 ࡟♧ࡍࠋ

࢔ࡢᚓⅬศᕸ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ 1.5 ಸ㏿ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟
ࡢᚓⅬศᕸࡣ᭷ព࡟ప࠿ࡗࡓࠋ᳨ᐃ⤖ᯝ
2 ಸ㏿㡢ኌ
1.5 ಸ㏿㡢ኌ

᳨ᐃ⤖ᯝ

ⅬᏐၥ㢟

1 ಸ㏿㡢ኌ

1 ಸ㏿㡢ኌ

ⅬᏐၥ㢟
2 ಸ㏿㡢ኌ

0    

1.5 ಸ㏿㡢ኌ   250(ᩥᏐ㻛ศ)

ᅗ 5 ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ูゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢศᕸࡢ
⟽ࡦࡆᅗ࡜➢ྕ௜ࡁ㡰఩࿴᳨ᐃ⤖ᯝ0          5(Ⅼ)

ᅗ 4 ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ูᚓⅬศᕸࡢ  ⟽ࡦࡆᅗ࡜➢ྕ௜ࡁ㡰఩࿴᳨ᐃ⤖ᯝ㡢ኌၥ㢟࡜ⅬᏐၥ㢟ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢศᕸࡣ࡯
ࡰྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡓࠋ2 ಸ㏿࡜ḟ࡟㸪ゎ⟅㏿ᗘ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ 4 せᅉࡢཬࡰࡍ

1.5 ಸ㏿ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢศᕸࡣ㸪Ⅼ

ຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵࢢࣞࢥ࣭ࣛࢸࣥ᪉᱁ἲࡢ

Ꮠၥ㢟ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢศᕸࡼࡾࡶⱝᖸ᪩࠸ࡅࢀ

ศᩓศᯒࢆ㉳ࡇࡗࡓࠋ4 せᅉࡢ㛫ࡢ 4 ḟࡢ஺࡝ࡶ᭷ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ☜࠿࡟㸪Ⅼ஫స⏝ࡣ᭷ព࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵࣉ࣮ࣜࣥࢢࡋ

Ꮠၥ㢟࡜ 1 ಸ㏿ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢศࡓሙྜࡢศᩓศᯒ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲ 4 ࡟♧ࡍࠋゎ⟅ᕸࡢ㛫࡟᭷ពᕪࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ゎ⟅㏿ᗘ

㏿ᗘࡣྛ⿕㦂⪅ࡢၥ㢟ู࡟⾲ 2 ࡢᩥ᭩㔞ࡢศᕸ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᕪ␗ࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡍ

㸦ᩥᏐᩘ㸧ࢆゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫࡛๭ࡗ࡚㸪༢఩᫬࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ⅬᏐၥ㢟ᑐ 1 ಸ㏿ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢゎ㻢㻝⟅㏿ᗘࡢẚࡣ㸪ᅗ 5 ࡢ⟽ࡦࡆᅗࡢୗࣄࣥࢪ

ᘧཬࡧࢱࣈࣞࢵࢺ࣭ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌ

࡛ 1.09㸪୰ኸ್࡛ 1.02㸪ୖࣄࣥࢪ࡛ 1.13 ࡛ၥ㢟ࡢ◊✲⤖ᯝ㸦Fujiyoshi and Fujiyoshi,࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

2006; ⸨ⰾ࡯࠿, 2006㸧࡜ࡶ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ෌⏕ヰ㏿ᗘࢆ 1.5 ಸ㏿࡞࠸ࡋ 2ࡇࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡣ㸪ಸ㏿࡟㏿ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡣศᕸࡢ୰

ᚑ᮶ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡀ᭷ࡍࡿ▷ᡤࢆ୍ᣲ࡟ゎᾘࡍ

ኸ್࡛ 10㸣࡞࠸ࡋ 13㸣ྥୖࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢ࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᑐ㠃ᮁㄞࡸ࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࣭࢜࢝ࢭ

ࡔࡉࢀࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ヰ㏿ᗘࡀ㏿࠸ 2 ࡘࡢࢵࢺཬࡧ DAISY ᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢḞⅬ࡛࠶㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢศᕸࡣ 1 ಸ㏿ࡢ㡢ኌࡗࡓၥ㢟ࡢࣛࣥࢲ࣒࣭࢔ࢡࢭࢫࡢᅔ㞴ᛶࡣᢤၥ㢟ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢศᕸࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟᪩࠸ࠋ

ᮏⓗ࡟ゎᾘࡉࢀࡿࠋIC ࣉࣞ࢖࡛ࣖᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀

1.5 ಸ㏿ཬࡧ 2 ಸ㏿ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ᑐ 1 ಸ㏿ࡢ㡢⾲ࡢ௵ពࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀グྕࢆࢱࢵࢳࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛

ኌၥ㢟ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢẚࡣ㸪ᅗ 5 ࡢ⟽ࡦࡆᅗᙜヱ⟠ᡤ࠿ࡽ༶ᗙ࡟ㄞࡳୖࡆࡿ஦ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

ࡢୗࣄࣥࢪ࡛ 1.15 ࡜ 1.24㸪୰ኸ್࡛ 1.10

ࡲࡓ㸪ࢱࣈࣞࢵࢺ࣭ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌ

࡜ 1.13㸪ୖࣄࣥࢪ࡛ 1.23 ࡜ 1.29 ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ၥ㢟ࡢḞⅬ࡛࠶ࡗࡓヨ㦂┘╩⪅࡜ཷ㦂⪅ࡀ࡜ࡶ࡟ࢱࣈࣞࢵࢺ࣭ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡢ᧯స࡟័ࢀ
࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ᐇ᪋ୖࡢᅔ㞴ᛶ⪃ᐹ
ホ౯ᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆไ㝈ࡋ࡞࠸ᐇࡶゎᾘࡉࢀࡿࠋ⿕㦂⪅ࡣ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࡢྲྀࡾ

㦂᮲௳ୗ࡛ࡣ㸪ၥ㢟ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥᢅ࠸ࡢ⡆༢࡞ㄝ᫂࡜▷᫬㛫ࡢ⦎⩦ࡔࡅ࡛ⅬᏐ㢟ࡣⅬᏐၥ㢟࡜࡯ࡰྠ➼࡞ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔

ၥ㢟࡜ྠᵝࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘ࡛ྠᵝࡢᚓⅬࢆྲྀᚓྍ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡓࠋ⿕㦂⪅ࡣࡇࡢ㡢⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡓ࡜࠼㸪IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟୙ලྜ

ኌၥ㢟࡟ࡣࡌࡵ࡚ゎ⟅ࡋࡓ࡟ࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎ㸪ヰ

ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚ࡶணഛࡢ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟ྲྀࡾ᭰࠼

㏿ᗘࡀ 1 ಸ㏿࣭1.5 ಸ㏿࣭2 ಸ㏿ࡢ 3 ࡘࡢ㡢ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ヨ㦂ࢆ⥅⥆ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋኌၥ㢟ࡣⅬᏐၥ㢟࡜࡯ࡰྠᵝࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘ࡛࠶ࡇࢀࡽࡢ▱ぢࡣ㸪㔜ᗘࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ཬࡧ୰ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ 5㸧ࠋ☜࠿࡟㸪ⅬᏐၥ㢟࡜ 1 ಸ㏿ࡢ

㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࢆ⿕㦂⪅࡜ࡍࡿホ౯ᐇ㦂᳨࡛ドࡉࢀ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘ࡟ࡣ᭷ពᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ☜࠿࡟㸪⿕㦂⪅ࡣ㡢ኌၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᕪ␗ࡣୗࣄࣥࢪ࡛ 9㸣㸪୰ኸ್ⅬᏐၥ㢟࡟ゎ⟅ࡀྍ⬟࡞どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

࡛ 2㸣㸪ୖࣄࣥࢪ࡛ 13㸣⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡀ▷᫬㛫ࡢ⦎⩦ࡔࡅ࡛ࡇࡲࡓ㸪1.5 ಸ㏿ࢆู࡜ࡋ࡚ 1 ಸ㏿࡜ 2 ಸ㏿ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆⅬᏐၥ㢟࡜ྠᵝ࡟ゎ⟅࡛ࡁࡓࡇࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡣⅬᏐၥ㢟࡜ྠᵝࡢᚓⅬࢆྲྀᚓྍ࡜ࡣ㸪୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㔜ᗘࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ 4㸧ࠋ1.5 ಸ㏿ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ⪅ࡶࡇࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ౑⏝ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ

ᚓⅬࡀⅬᏐၥ㢟ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟ప࠿ࡗࡓཎᅉࡣ㸪 ♧၀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
⿕㦂⪅ᩘࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡓࡵศᯒᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋ1 ಸ㡢ኌၥ㢟࡟ࡣ⿕㦂⪅ࡀヰ㏿ᗘࢆ 1 ಸ㏿࠿

㏿࡜ 2 ಸ㏿ࡢ୰㛫ࡢ 1.5 ಸ㏿ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢᚓ

ࡽ 3 ಸ㏿ࡲ࡛௵ព࡟⮬⏤࡟ㄪᩚྍ⬟࡞ヰ㏿

Ⅼࡔࡅ࡟ⅬᏐၥ㢟࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ពᕪࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿᗘㄪᩚᶵ⬟ࡢᦚ㍕ࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋ㡢ኌࡢ෌⏕ヰྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ㄝ᫂ࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㏿ᗘࢆ 1 ಸ㏿࠿ࡽ 1.5 ಸ㏿࡞࠸ࡋ 2 ಸ㏿࡟࠶ホ౯ᐇ㦂࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱ぢࡣ DAISY ᪉ᘧࡢࡆࢀࡤゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡣ୰ኸ್࡛ 10㸣࡞࠸ࡋ 13㸣㡢ኌၥ㢟࡜ⅬᏐၥ㢟ࡢẚ㍑࡟㛵ࡍࡿἲ⛉኱Ꮫ⛬ᗘ᭷ព࡟ྥୖࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ

㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂࡜ྖἲヨ㦂▷⟅ᘧヨ㦂ࡢ 2 ࡘࡢ㸦ᅗ 5㸧ࠋ1.5 ಸ㏿ࢆู࡜ࡋ࡚෌⏕ヰ㏿ᗘࢆඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸦⸨ⰾ, 2004; ⸨ⰾ࣭⸨ⰾ,2 ಸ㏿࡟ୖࡆ࡚ࡶᚓⅬศᕸࡶῶᑡࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜

2005㸧ཬࡧᮏᐇ㦂࡜ྠᵝ㸪ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ 4㸧ࠋヰ㏿ᗘㄪᩚᶵ⬟ࢆࠕ⌧௦♫఍ࠖࡢ㐣ཤၥࢆฟ㢟ࡋࡓ DAISY ᪉౑⏝ࡍࢀࡤ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡸⅬᏐၥ㢟࡜ྠᵝ㸪㻢㻞

1 ᗘ┠ࡣၥ㢟ࢆࡺࡗࡃࡾ࡜⢭ㄞࡋ㸪2 ᗘ┠ࡣ࠼ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㛗ᩥࡢၥ㢟ᩥࡑࢀ⮬యࢆㄞ

ヰ㏿ᗘࢆୖࡆ࡚ㄞࡴ➼㸪ຠ⋡ⓗ࡟ၥ㢟ࢆㄞࡴࡲ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࢆ⾲グࡋࡓᩘᏐࡸ

ࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ

࢔ࣝࣇ࢓࣋ࢵࢺ➼㸪グྕࢆ㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡲࡓࡣⅬᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢࣛࣥࢲ࣒࣭࢔

Ꮠ࡛ㄆ▱࡛ࡁࡉ࠼ࡍࢀࡤၥ㢟ࢆ㡢ኌ࡛⮬⏤࡟ࢡࢭࢫࡢࡋࡸࡍࡉࡣ㸪ၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡀ」㞧

ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᅗ୰ࡢᩥᏐࢆ

࡟࡞ࢀࡤ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝ຠᯝࢆⓎ᥹ࡍࡿࠋ☜࠿࡟㸪ぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ࣭࣮ࣜࢲ௜ࡁࡢ IC ࣉࡇࡢホ౯ᐇ㦂ࡢᐇ㦂ィ⏬ࡣࣛࣥࢲ࣒࣭࢔ࢡࢭ

ࣞ࢖࡛ࣖࢱࢵࢳࡍࢀࡤ㡢ኌ࡛ㄞࡳୖࡆࡿࡓࡵ

ࢫຠᯝࢆ┤᥋᳨ドࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗ

ᅗࡢฟ㢟ࡶྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢࠕᅜㄒࠖࡸࠕⱥ

ホ౯ᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥㄒࠖ㸪ἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡸྖἲヨ㦂▷⟅ᘧ㢟ࡣⅬᏐၥ㢟࡜࡯ࡰྠᵝ࡞ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔

ヨ㦂➼㸪ၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡀ」㞧࡟࡞ࢀࡤ࡞ࡿ

࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡓࠋⅬᏐၥ㢟࡜ྠᵝ࡯࡝㸪ヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆไ㝈ࡍࡿ㏻ᖖࡢヨ㦂࡛ࡣࣛࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘ࡛ゎ⟅࡛ࡁ㸪ⅬᏐၥ㢟࡜ྠᵝࡢᚓࣥࢲ࣒࣭࢔ࢡࢭࢫࡢᨵၿࡢຠᯝࡣ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿࡶⅬࢆྲྀᚓྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ࡉࢀࡿࠋᚑ᮶㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢసᡂࡀᅔ㞴

ヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ഃ࡛ᩍ⛉࣭⛉┠ࡈ࡜࡟⣬࡟༳ๅࡉ࡛࠶ࡗࡓヨ㦂࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢసᡂࢆྍ

ࢀࡓᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࡢධࡗࡓ 2 ḟ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ

ඖࢥ࣮ࢻ࣭࣮ࣜࢲ௜ࡁࡢ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࡢ 2 ࡘࡢ࡜᥎ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢࠕ⌧௦♫఍ࠖࡔࡅࢆ‽ഛࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡉ࠼ࡍࢀࡤヨ㦂┘╩⪅ࡣ࡟㛵ࡍࡿヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡣ೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅ࡢ㏻ᖖᩍ♧ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛ヨ㦂ࢆᐜ᫆࡟ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ

ᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡢ 2 ಸ࡞࠸ࡋ 2.4 ಸࡀබᖹ࡜᥎

ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ཷ㦂⪅ࡶ⡆༢࡞᧯స⦎⩦ࡍࢆཷࡅࡿࡔࡅ࡛ཷ㦂ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡿࠋࡇࡢホ౯ᐇ㦂࡜ྠᵝ㸪ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢࠕ⌧௦♫఍ࠖࡢ㐣ཤၥࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓඛ⾜◊✲࡟㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢసᡂ㐣⛬ࡣⅬᏐၥ㢟࡜࡯ࡰྠᵝࡼࢀࡤゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢศᕸࡣ㸪೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪㡢ኌၥ㢟࡜ⅬᏐၥ㢟ࡢ୍㈏సᡂ

ᖖᩥᏐ෉Ꮚၥ㢟ࡀ㔜ᗘどぬ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢⅬࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࢀࡤ㠀ᖖ࡟ຠ⋡ࡼࡃపࢥࢫ

Ꮠၥ㢟࡜㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ 2.4 ಸ⛬ᗘ᪩࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀぢࢺ࡛సᡂྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋⅬᏐၥ㢟ࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡓ

࠸ࡔࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦⸨ⰾ࡯࠿, 2006㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ₎Ꮠ௬ྡ஺ࡌࡾᩥࡢၥ㢟ࢆ௬ྡ᭩ࡁ࡟

ࡵ㸪㡢ኌၥ㢟࡟ヰ㏿ᗘㄪᩚᶵ⬟ࢆᦚ㍕࡛ࡁࢀ

ᑐᛂࡋࡓⅬᏐ࡟Ⅼヂࡍࡿࡓࡵၥ㢟࡟ṇࡋ࠸ࡩࡤヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡣ 2 ಸ⛬ᗘࡀබᖹ࡜᥎

ࡾࡀ࡞ࢆ᣺ࡾ㸪ྠ㡢␗⩏ㄒ࡟㆑ูࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ

ࡉࢀࡿࠋᦚ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗ὀࢆຍ➹ࡋ㸪₎Ꮠࢆぢࢀࡤᐜ᫆࡟ព࿡ࡀ᥎

⋡ࡣ 2.4 ಸ⛬ᗘࡀබᖹ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

࡛ࡁࡿㄒྃ࡟ࡣព࿡ࡸ₎Ꮠࡢㄝ᫂ࡢὀࢆຍ➹ࡍࡿ➼㸪Ⅼヂཎ✏ࢆసᡂࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬヂཎ✏ࢆຍ➹ಟṇࡍࢀࡤᮁㄞ⏝㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢࢩࢼࣜ࢜⤖ㄽ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ

ࡀᖹ⾜ࡋ࡚సᡂྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࢩࢼࣜ࢜ࢆ

࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ᐊ࡛㛤Ⓨ୰ࡢၥ㢟ᮁㄞ㘓㡢ࡋࢹࢪࢱࣝ⦅㞟ࡍࢀࡤ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡀసᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡣ㸪₎Ꮠ௬ྡ஺ࡌ

ᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋ

ࡾᩥཬࡧⅬᏐ➼㸪ᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿㄞ

ᅗࡶ⡆༢࡟‽ഛྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡣᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ཬࡧ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼ࡢᅗࡢㄆ▱࡟ࡣၥ㢟ࡀ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡢၥ

ཷ㦂ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡓࡔ༢㢟෉Ꮚࡢᅗ࡟ぢฟࡋ➼㸪ᩥᏐ㒊ศ࡟ぢ࠼࡞࠸࡟ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼ࡢཷ㦂ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛

2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡋ࡚࠾ࡅࡤㄞᏐ㞀࡞ࡃ㸪೺ᖖඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜ྠᵝ㸪බᖹ࡟ึ➼୰➼ᐖ⪅⏝ࡢᅗࢆసᡂ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ⅬᏐၥ㢟ࡢᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㧗➼ᩍ⫱࡟ᑐࡍࡿᏛ⩦┠ᶆࢆ୚ゐㄞᅗ࡟๓ࡶࡗ࡚ぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ

㻢㻟ࣝ࠘ 15, 27-34.

༳ๅࡋ࡚࠾ࡅࡤ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅⏝ࡢᅗࢆసᡂ࡛ࡁ
ࡿࠋ⾲ࡶᅗ࡜ྠࡌྲྀࡾᢅ࠸࡛㡢ኌ࡛ㄞࡴࡇ࡜

Fujiyoshi, Mamoru and Fujiyoshi, Akio,ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ

2006. “A new audio testing system for௒ᚋ㸪ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆᐇ⏝໬

the

newly

blind

and

the

learningࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣḟࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨࡀᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ

disabled to take the National Centerᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲⏝⣬ࡢసᡂ᪉ἲ࡜ၥ㢟ࡢᮁㄞ᪉ἲ

Test for University Admissions”, in K.

ࢆ◊✲ࡋ㸪ᩍ⛉࣭⛉┠ู࡟సᡂ࣐ࢽࣗ࢔ࣝࢆ

Miesenberger et al. (eds.), ICCHP 2006,

㛤ⓎࡍࡿࠋIC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟ヰ㏿ᗘㄪᩚᶵ⬟ࢆ

LNCS4061, Springer-Verlag: 801-808.

㏣ຍࡍࡿࠋ▷᫬㛫࡟ຠ⋡ࡼࡃ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆసᡂ⸨ⰾ ⾨࣭⸨ⰾ᫂⏕࣭⃝ᓮ㝧ᙪ (2006) ࠕ኱ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㡢ኌၥ㢟࡜ⅬᏐၥ㢟ࡢ୍㈏సᡂࢩࢫ

Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ

ࢸ࣒ࢆ◊✲㛤ⓎࡍࡿࠋㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅㸪୰㏵ኻ᫂࢖ࣥ㸫Ꮫ⩦㞀ᐖ⪅࡜୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡢཷ㦂ࢆྍ⪅ཬࡧ೺ᖖ⪅ࢆ⿕㦂⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࢸࢫࢺ࣭ࢹ࣮ࢱ

⬟࡟ࡍࡿࢹࢪࢱࣝ㡢ኌၥ㢟ฟ㢟ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ

཰㞟ᐇ㦂ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ㸪ᩍ⛉࣭⛉┠ู࡟㡢ኌၥ㢟ホ౯㸫ࠖࠗ኱Ꮫධヨ◊✲ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝ࠘ 17,ࡢᐇ᪋᪉ἲࢆᨵⰋࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪බᖹ࡞ヨ㦂

57-64.

᫬ 㛫 ᘏ 㛗 ⋡ 㸦 Fujiyoshi and Fujiyoshi,ࢢࣜࢵࢻ࣐࣮ࢡ࣭ࢯ࣮ࣜࣗࢩࣙࣥࢬ (2009)2003㸧ࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿࠋ

Grid

ࡢ

Onput

ᴫ

せ

,

http://www.gridmark.co.jp/sol/gridonput.
ᩥ⊩

html.

⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ (2009) ࠗཷ

Joint Council for Qualifications (2005)

㦂᱌ෆู෉࠘኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮.
Educational

Resources

Testing

forAccessServicetesttakersarrangements

andspecial(2006)

consideration: regulations and guidancewithrelating to candidates who are eligible

disabilities: guidelines for a test reader.

foradjustments

http://ww.ets.org/disability/index.htmlp

London, JCQ.

inexaminations,ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ (2004) ᑠ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿLD

Fujiyoshi, M., and Fujiyoshi, A. (2003)
extension㸦Ꮫ⩦㞀ᐖ㸧㸪ADHD㸦ὀពḞ㝗㸭ከື

ratios for students with disabilities fromᛶ㞀ᐖ㸧㸪㧗ᶵ⬟⮬㛢⑕ࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢᩍ

item

New

⫱ᨭ᥼యไࡢᩚഛࡢࡓࡵࡢ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥ

Psychometrics:

㸦ヨ᱌㸧, http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/“Estimating

testing

cumulative

Developments

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curves”,

in

of

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⸨ⰾ ⾨ (2004) ࠕἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡢࣘlimits for disabled and nondisabled SATࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ㸫ࢹࢪࢱࣝ㡢ኌヨ㦂

examinees”, ETS Research Report, RR-

࡜ⅬᏐヨ㦂ࡢタィ㸫ࠖࠗ኱Ꮫධヨ◊✲ࢪࣕ

92-35, 1-33.㸧

࣮ࢼࣝ࠘ 14, 15-24.

Willingham, W. W., Ragosta, M., Bennett,

⸨ⰾ ⾨࣭⸨ⰾ᫂⏕ (2005) ࠕྖἲヨ㦂▷⟅

R. E., Braun, H., Rock, D. A., andᘧヨ㦂ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ㸫ⅬᏐヨPowers,㦂ࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃ࡜ࢹࢪࢱࣝ㡢ኌ

handicappedၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨ㸫ࠖࠗ኱Ꮫධヨ◊✲ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼAllyn and Bacon, Inc.

㻢㻠

D.

E.

(1988)

Testing

people.Massachusetts:➨ 3 ⠇ New Testing Method for the Dyslexic and the Newly Blind“New Testing Method for the Dyslexic and the Newly Blind with a Digital Audio Player andDocument Structure Diagrams”
FUJIYOSHI Mamoru, FUJIYOSHI Akio, AOMATSU Toshiaki (2010). K. Miesenberger et al.
(Eds.): ICCHP 2010, Part I, LNCS 6179, pp. 116–123.

㻢㻡New Testing Method for the Dyslexic and the Newly
Blind with a Digital Audio Player and Document Structure Diagrams
Mamoru Fujiyoshi1 , Akio Fujiyoshi2 , and Toshiaki Aomatsu3
1

National Center for University Entrance Examinations, fujiyosi@rd.dnc.ac.jp
Ibaraki University, fujiyosi@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp
3
National School for the Blind of Tsukuba University, aomatsu@nsfb.tsukuba.ac.jp
21

Introduction

It is almost impossible for the dyslexic and the newly blind, who have diﬃculties with readingin braille or print, to take the National Center Test for University Admissions. The National
Center Test is the joint achievement test for admissions into all national and local public universities as well as many private universities in Japan. Every year, about 550,000 students takethe National Center Test. As for test-takers with disabilities, special arrangements regarding
testing media such as large-print-format test and braille-format test have been administered[2]. However, auditory testing media have not been available yet. Moreover, it is considered tobe diﬃcult to take the National Center Test with ordinary types of auditory testing media because the documents are very long and the document structure very complicated. This study
introduces a new testing method for the dyslexic and the newly blind with a new auditory
testing medium.
In most advanced countries, auditory testing media such as human readers, audio cassettes[3, 4] or computers with a screen reader are available for test-takers with disabilities. The
simplest method is to recruit readers and have them read out a test booklet to a test-taker directly, but it is not easy to ﬁnd enough well-trained readers for each test-taker. And for fairness
and security reason, it might be necessary to supervise such readers by another person. Audio
cassettes make it easy for test-takers to listen to the test sequentially, but it is inconvenient to
go directly to a particular section of the test unless rewinding and fast-forwarding can be done
easily. Computers are also inappropriate for tests written in Japanese even with an advanced
screen reader because of the ambiguity of reading Kanji in Japanese sentences. A screen reader
often fails to convert Japanese sentences into correct Japanese speech.
For auditory testing media for the National Center Test, the utilization of DAISY (Digital
Audio Accessible Information System) and Tablet PC has been studied [1]. DAISY is a world
standard audio system for people with visual disabilities, taking the place of audio cassettes.
DAISY oﬀers speech sound in CD quality, and test-takers can listen to the document from any
point, such as from an underlined or blank part, without delay. They can also use the talkspeed-control function, by which the speech sound can be adjusted from 1/2 to 3 times normal
speed. However, DAISY is not convenient enough for tests which have complicated document
structure. Tablet PC has been identiﬁed as appropriate testing media [1]. However, there are
diﬃculties in administration because prevention of machine trouble cannot be ensured.
A new testing method with a digital audio player and document structure diagrams isdeveloped. In Fig. 1, an image of administration of the new testing method is shown. Tests canbe administrated only with a digital audio player with 2-dimensional code reader and sheetsof paper on which document structure diagrams and corresponding invisible 2-dimensional
code have been printed. For the dyslexic, the document structure diagrams are printed withordinary characters, while, for the newly blind, they are printed with braille characters.
1㻢㻣Figure 1: An image of administration of the
new testing method.
Figure 2: An example of the document structure diagram printed on a paper.

2

New Testing Method

A new testing method that can be administrated only with a digital audio player and sheets of
document structure diagrams is developed. The introduction of invisible 2-dimensional codes
and a digital audio player with 2-dimensional code reader enable us to develop the method.

2.1

Document Structure Diagrams

Document structure diagrams are sheets of paper on which the document structure of eachproblem is illustrated. The document structure and corresponding invisible 2-dimensional
codes are printed on white paper by an LED printer (OKI Data Corporation). For the
newly blind, the braille document structure is also embossed overlappingly by a braille printer(ESA721; JTR Corporation). Fig. 2 is an example of a document structure diagram. Eachdocument structure diagram of a problem can be arranged within a sheet of paper.
On the same paper of a document structure diagram, invisible 2-dimensional codes canbe printed overlappingly. For an evaluation experiment, we employ ‘GridOnput’, an invisible
2-dimensional code system developed by Gridmark Solutions Co.,Ltd.

2.2

Digital Audio Player with 2-Dimensional Code Reader

As a reading device for the new testing method, we employ ‘Speaking Pen’ developed by
Gridmark Solutions Co.,Ltd. Speaking Pen has a 2-dimensional code reader at its top. Whena 2-dimensional code is scanned with Speaking Pen, the corresponding digital sound will be
reproduced. We can listen to the sound through a headphone or built-in speaker. The soundvolume can be adjusted with its buttons mounted at the front side. The sound data is stored
in a SD memory card. 1G byte is enough to store all sound data of 1-year amount of the
National Center Test.

2㻢㻤

Table 1: Image of the experimental design for the GraecoLatin square method.
Table 2: Allotment of numSubect Groups
ber of characters and numberGroup 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4of braille cells.
Print/Braille
Audio ×1.0
Audio ×1.5
Audio ×2.0
1st

2nd
3rd
4th

3

Problem 1
Audio ×1.0
Problem 2
Audio ×1.5
Problem 3
Audio ×2.0
Problem 4

Problem 3
Print/BrailleProblem 4
Audio ×2.0
Problem 1
Audio ×1.5
Problem 2

Problem 4
Audio ×2.0
Problem 3
Print/BrailleProblem 2
Audio ×1.0
Problem 1

Problem 2
Audio ×1.5
Problem 1
Audio ×1.0
Problem 4
Print/BrailleProblem 3

Problem 1
Problem 2
Problem 3
Problem 4
Total

Characters
2,255
2,000
1,796
2,410
8,461

Braille
4,866
4,543
3,996
5,247
26,190Evaluation Experiment

In order to evaluate the new testing method, an experiment was conducted by comparing
new audio tests with three diﬀerent speaking speeds and a normal-print-format or brailleformat test. For experimental subjects, non-disabled high-school students and blind highschool students were recruited.

3.1

MethodThe experimental design was a repeated 4x4 Graeco-Latin square method because we could
not use the same problem in diﬀerent test media for the same person. The image of theexperimental design for the Graeco-Latin square method is shown on Table 1. The non-disabled
subjects are 20 students from ordinary high schools. The blind subjects are 16 students from ahigh school for the blind (some are graduates of the same school), who are familiar with bothbraille and audio learning materials. There were 4 subject groups, i.e., the subjects were evenly
divided into 4 subgroups. There were 4 testing media: normal-print-format or braille-format
test, audio test of normal (×1.0) speaking speed, audio test of ×1.5 speaking speed, and audio
test of ×2.0 speaking speed. Four problems were prepared from tests in ‘Contemporary Social
Studies’ previously used in the National Center Test. The allotment of number of charactersand number of braille cells are shown on Table 2.
The test procedure is administered without time limits. The behavior of blind subjects wasobserved by test monitors, and the answer-process time of blind subjects was recorded by themonitors using stop watches.

3.2

Result

The distributions of score of the four testing media were almost same for both non-disabled
subjects and blind subjects. For non-disabled subjects, there were no signiﬁcant diﬀerencesamong the four test media. For blind subjects, the score of audio test of ×1.5 speaking speed
was signiﬁcantly lower than the other test media. However, the diﬀerence was only 2% inmedian among them. There were no signiﬁcant diﬀerences among the other test media.
The distributions of answering speed of the four testing media are shown as Box-andWhiskers plots in Fig. 3. The vertical lines in the middle of the box plots indicate the median.
The ‘+’ symbols in the boxes are the mean. For non-disabled subjects, the answering speed ofnormal-print-format test is signiﬁcantly faster than audio tests of normal and ×1.5 speaking
speed, and the answering speeds of audio tests of ×2.0 and ×1.5 speaking speed are signiﬁcantly
faster than audio test of normal speaking speed. For blind subjects, the distributions of theanswering speed of the four test media were almost same. The answering speed of the audio3㻢㻥㬍$XGLR㬍

3ULQW

$XGLR

㬍
$XGLR㬍$XGLR㬍$XGLR%UDLOOH$XGLR                       㬍                       1RQGLVDEOHGVXEMHFWV%OLQGVXEMHFWVFigure 3: Distributions of answering speed (characters/minuites).
tests of ×2.0 and ×1.5 speaking speed was a little faster than braille-format test but there
were no signiﬁcant diﬀerence. There was a signiﬁcant diﬀerence between the answering speedof braille-format test and audio test of normal speaking speed.
We found that the answering speed becomes 29% faster for non-disabled subjects and 10%
faster for blind subjects if audio test of ×1.5 speaking speed is used comparing to normal
speaking speed. If audio test of ×2.0 speaking speed is used, the answering speed becomes
41% faster for non-disabled subjects and 13% faster for blind subjects

4

Conclusion

The new testing method enables the dyslexic and the newly blind to take the National Center
Test for University Admissions since the administration of the new testing method is easy, andtest-takers can handle problems with complicated document structure. We can administratetests only with a digital audio player with 2-dimensional code reader and sheets of paper onwhich document structure diagrams and corresponding invisible 2-dimensional code have been
printed. The use of testing materials is considerably easy. After brief training, test-takers canstart reading problems and questions at any point of their preference. If we print 2-dimensional
codes on ﬁgures, we can set problems with ﬁgures.
As a result of evaluation experiment, the new audio tests are almost equivalent to normalprint-format and braille-format tests in score.

References[1] Fujiyoshi, M. and Fujiyoshi, A.: A new audio testing system for the newly blind and the learning
disabled to take the national center test for university admissions. Proceedings of the 10th
International Conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs ICCHP2006, LNCS
4061 (2006) 801-808[2] Fujiyoshi, M. and Fujiyoshi, A.: Estimating testing time extension ratios for students withdisabilities from item cumulative curves. New Developments in Psychometrics, Proceedings ofthe International Meeting of the Psychometric Society IMPS2001 (2003) 265-272[3] Ragosta, M. and Wendler, C.: Eligibility issues and comparable time limits for disabled andnondisabled SAT examinees. ETS Research Report, RR-92-35 (1992) 1-33
[4] Willingham, W. W., Ragosta, M., Bennett, R. E., Braun, H., Rock, D. A. and Powers, D. E.:
Testing handicapped people. Allyn and Bacon, Boston (1988)4㻣㻜

➨ 4 ⠇ ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࠕㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅࠾ࡼࡧ㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ࡢࡓࡵࡢᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨࠖ⸨ⰾ ⾨, ༡㇂࿴⠊, ⸨ⰾ᫂⏕, 㟷ᯇ฼᫂, ⃝ᓮ㝧ᙪ (2011). ኱Ꮫධヨ◊✲ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝ, No.21,
181-190.

㻣㻝ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅࠾ࡼࡧ㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ࡢࡓࡵࡢᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨ
⸨ⰾ ⾨࣭༡㇂࿴⠊㸦኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧㸪⸨ⰾ᫂⏕㸦Ⲉᇛ኱Ꮫ㸧㸪㟷ᯇ฼᫂㸦⟃Ἴ኱Ꮫ㝃ᒓどぬ≉ูᨭ᥼Ꮫᰯ㸧㸪⃝ᓮ㝧ᙪ㸦㒔❧ᑠᖹ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ㸧༳ๅ≀ㄞ᭩ᅔ㞴ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅࠾ࡼࡧ㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼ࡢཷ㦂ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࢆ㛤ⓎࡋࡓࠋḢ⡿
ࡢඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺ࡛ࡣᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪ᑐ㠃ᮁㄞ᪉ᘧ࠾ࡼࡧ࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࣭࢜࢝ࢭࢵ
ࢺ᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡀᖖ࡟⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪㛗ᩥ࡛ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡶ」㞧࡞ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼࡟ࡣ㸪どぬ࡜⫈ぬࡢ 2 ࡘࡢࣔࢲࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ၥ㢟ࢆㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ
⬟࡞㸪ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ၥ㢟ࢆᮁㄞࡋࡓ㡢ኌࢆ⫈ぬⓗ࡟⪺ࡁࡣࡌࡵ࡟
኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂㸦௨ୗࠕࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨྲྀࡿ㏿ᗘ࡟ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚㸪ᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚ➼ࡢ㦂ࠖ࡜␎グ㸧ࡣ㸪㛤Ⓨᙜึ࠿ࡽ㸪㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍ

どぬⓗㄞ᭩㏿ᗘࡀࡁࢃࡵ࡚㐜࠸㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ࡿཷ㦂⪅ࢆࡣࡌࡵ㸪඲࡚ࡢཷ㦂⪅࡟බᖹ࡟㓄ࡣ㸪ᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪㡢ኌࡢά⏝៖ࡋ࡚ヨ㦂ࢆタィࡍࡿ㸪ࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ

ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ≉࡟㸪ᣑ኱ㄞ᭩ჾࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ᩥ

࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖࡛ࣥ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡢ

Ꮠࢆ 16 ಸ⛬ᗘ࡟ᣑ኱ࡋ࡚ࡋ࠿ㄞࡵ࡞࠸㸪㔜ၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪㔜ᗘࡢどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅⏝࡟Ⅼᗘࡢᙅど⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡔࡅ࡛

Ꮠၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡀ㸪ᙅど⪅⏝࡟ᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡣ㸪ㄞ᭩㏿ᗘࡀᴟ➃࡟㐜ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡀ⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே኱Ꮫධヨࢭඛ㐍ྛᅜ࡛ࡣ㸪ᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪ヨࣥࢱ࣮, 2010㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪༳ๅ≀ㄞ᭩ᅔ㞴ࢆ㦂ᐁࡀ┤᥋ၥ㢟ࢆㄞࡳୖࡆࡿᑐ㠃ᮁㄞ᪉ᘧ㸪᭷ࡍࡿ㸪ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅࠾ࡼࡧ㔜ᗘࡢ࠾ࡼࡧ࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࣭࢜࢝ࢭࢵࢺ᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ᙅど⪅ࡣ㸪㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡲࡓࡣᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡀᖖ࡟⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⡿ᅜࡢᏛຊホ౯ࢸࢫࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼ࡢཷ㦂ࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢺ㸦SAT㸧㸦Educational Testing Service,ᩥ❶ࡢㄞࡳ࡟ᅔ㞴ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡣ㸪2010; Mandinach et al., 2005; Ragosta and㡢ኌࡢά⏝ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕ㏻ᖖᏛ⣭࡟ᅾᖍ

Wendler, 1992; Willingham et al., 1988㸧ࡸ㸪ࡍࡿ≉ู࡞ᩍ⫱ⓗᨭ᥼ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐⱥᅜࡢ୰➼ᬑ㏻ᩍ⫱༞ᴗ㈨᱁ヨ㦂㸦GCE㸧

࡟㛵ࡍࡿ඲ᅜᐇែㄪᰝࠖ㸦ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬, 2004㸧 㸦Joint Council for Qualifications, 2005㸧࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡣྛᏛᖺࡢඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢࢆࡣࡌࡵ㸪࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢ㧗ᰯ༞ᴗ㈨᱁ヨ㦂࡟࠺ࡕ㸪⣙ 2.5%ࡀ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜᥎ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸

࠾࠸࡚ࡶᖖ࡟‽ഛࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࡿࠋㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡢ୺せ࡞≉㉁ࡣ㸪ㄞ᭩ᢏ⬟ࡢⓎࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᑠၥᙧᘧࡢḢ⡿ࡢඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺ࡜ࡣ

㐩࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㸪༢࡞ࡿどຊࡢၥ㢟ࡸ⢭⚄ᖺ㱋ࡲ␗࡞ࡾ㸪㛗ᩥ࡛ၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡀ」㞧࡞኱ၥࡓࡣ୙㐺ษ࡞Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ࡞

ᙧᘧࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼࡟ࡣ㸪⊂⮬ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟࠸㸪≉ᐃࡢ㢧ⴭ࡞㞀ᐖ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ

ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪➨ 1 ࡟㸪࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ᩥᏐࡀぢ࠼࡚࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ព࿡ࡢ⌮ゎࡀ࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࣭࢜࢝ࢭࢵࢺ࡟᭰ࢃࡿ㸪どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ᅔ㞴࡞ᩥᏐゝㄒⓗ㞀ᐖ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ㄞᏐࡢ㡢ኌᶵჾࡢୡ⏺ᶆ‽つ᱁࡛࠶ࡿ㸪DAISY㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢከࡃࡣ㸪㡢ኌゝㄒࡢ⌮ゎ࡜౑⏝࡟ࡣ㸪 㸦Digital Accessible Information System㸧ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚㸪㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆヨసࡋࡓ㸦⸨ⰾ,ᚲࡎࡋࡶᅔ㞴ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ

㻣㻟

2004 ; ⸨ⰾ࣭⸨ⰾ, 2005㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪1 ᗘ᭱

ࡢ 2 ࡘࡔࡅ࡛㸪ヨ㦂ࡢᐇ᪋ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋᚋࡲ࡛⪺࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㸪ၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡢᢕᥱၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡢ㛗࠸ᩥ❶ࡸ㸪ㄞࡳ࡟ࡃ࠸₎Ꮠࡢ㒊ࡀᐜ࡛᫆࡞࠸ࠋၥ㢟ᩥࡢࢲ࢖ࣞࢡࢺ࣭࢔ࢡࢭ

ศࢆ㸪㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖඛ➃ࡢࢥ࣮ࢻ࣭࣮ࣜ

ࢫࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅗࡢฟ㢟ࡶᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➨ࢲ࡛ࢱࢵࢳࡍࡿ࡜㸪ࢥ࣮ࢻࡀㄞࡳྲྀࡽࢀ㸪ࡑ

2 ࡟㸪ࢱࣈࣞࢵࢺ࣭ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚㸪 ࡢࢥ࣮ࢻ࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓ㡢ኌࡀ෌⏕ࡉࢀࡿࠋ⊂⮬㡢 ኌ ၥ 㢟 ࢆ 㛤 Ⓨ ࡋ ࡓ 㸦 Fujiyoshi and㞀ᐖ⪅࠾ࡼࡧ㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ࡣ㸪ᚲせ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚㸪

Fujiyoshi, 2006;⸨ⰾ࡯࠿, 2006㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪

どぬ࡜⫈ぬࡢ 2 ࡘࡢࣔࢲࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶࢆά⏝

ヨ㦂ᐇ᪋㠃࡟ၥ㢟ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࠋࣃࢯࢥࣥ౑⏝ࡋ࡚㸪࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࢆ⮬⏤࡟ㄞࡴࡇ࡜

ࡣ㸪୙ṇ⾜Ⅽࢆ┘どࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ཷ㦂⪅ 1ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ

ே࡟┘╩⪅ 1 ேࡀ㸪ᖖ࡟௜࠿ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ

ᮏ✏ࡣ㸪2 ⠇࡛ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲ

ࡲࡓ㸪୙ලྜࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ヨ㦂᫬㛫ෆࡢ᚟ࣝၥ㢟ࡢᴫせࢆゎㄝࡍࡿࠋ3 ⠇࡛࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔ

ᪧࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➨ 3 ࡟㸪ぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢホ౯ᐇ㦂ࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋ4 ⠇ࡣ⤖ㄽࢥ࣮ࢻࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚㸪ၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲᪉ᘧࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ㸦⸨ⰾ࡯࠿, 2010㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ẚ㍑ⓗ㔜ᗘࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅࠾ࡼࡧ㔜ᗘࡢᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢᴫせᙅど⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪㡢ኌࡢά⏝࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ᩥ❶ぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚㸪⣬࡜㖄➹ࡢࢸࢫࢺࡢ㸪㖄➹ࢆ㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟ࡢどぬⓗά⏝ࡶ᭷⏝࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡲࡓࡣ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ༢⊂ࡢฟ㢟⨨ࡁ᥮࠼ࡓ㸪ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ

ࡢ▷ᡤࢆゎᾘࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ㢟ࢆ㛤ⓎࡋࡓࠋㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅࠾ࡼࡧ㔜ᗘࡢᙅど࣮ࢻࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚㸪⣬࡜㖄➹ࡢࢸࢫࢺࡢ㸪㖄➹⪅ࡣ㸪どぬ࡜⫈ぬࡢ 2 ࡘࡢࣔࢲࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶࢆ㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟⨨ࡁ᥮࠼ࡓ㸪ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚㸪ၥ㢟ࢆຠ⋡ࡼࡃ⮬⏤࡟ㄞࡴࡇ࡜

ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋᅗ 1ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ࡣ㸪ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢཷ㦂ぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࡀ㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡉࢀࡓ㸪㢼ᬒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡲࡓࡣᣑ኱ᩥᏐࡢၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡜㸪2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ࣭࣮ࣜࢲ௜ࡁࡢ㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࡢ
2 ࡘ࡛ᵓᡂࡍࡿࠋ
࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡢసᡂ
࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡣ㸪㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡲࡓ
ࡣᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡟㸪ぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡋ࡚సᡂࡍࡿࠋぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ㸪ࢢࣜࢵࢻ࣭࢜ࣥࣉࢵࢺ㸦ࢢࣜࢵࢻ ࣐ ࣮ ࢡ ࣭ࢯ ࣜ ࣗ ࣮ ࢩࣙ ࣥ ࢬ (ᰴ )㸧 ࡣ 㸪 ⣙0.25mm 㛫㝸ࡢᑠࡉ࡞Ⅼࡢ㓄ิ࡛㸪1 ࡘࡢࢥ࣮ࢻࡣ 2mm ゅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅗ 㻝㻌 ᩥᏐ䛸㡢ኌ䛾䝬䝹䝏䝰䞊䝎䝹ၥ㢟㻌 㻌 䛾ཷ㦂㢼ᬒ㻌ၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀࡟༶ࡋ࡚㸪2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ
๭ࡾ௜ࡅࡿࠋᅗ 2 ࡟ࠕⱥㄒࠖࡢၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡢࡇࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2౛ࢆ♧ࡍࠋḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࡀ㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡉࢀࡓ㸪㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡲ

୍⯡࡟㸪ヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡣ㝵ᒙᵓ㐀ࢆ࡞ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡓࡣᣑ኱ᩥᏐࡢၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡜㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྛၥ㢟ᩥࡣ㸪ẁⴠ࡛㻣㻠ᵓᡂࡉࢀ㸪ẁⴠࡣᩥ࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢᩥ࡟

㒊ࡢࡳࢆ㸪✵ḍグྕࢆࢱࢵࢳࡍࢀࡤࡑࡢ✵ḍຍ࠼࡚㸪ୗ⥺㒊ࡸ✵ḍ࠾ࡼࡧᩘᘧ➼ࢆ㸪ᩥ᭩ࡀ࠶ࡿᩥࡢࡳࢆ㸪ᩘᘧࢆࢱࢵࢳࡍࢀࡤࡑࡢᩘ

ᵓ㐀༢఩࡜࿧ࡪࡇ࡜࡟ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀༢ᘧࡢࡳࢆㄞࡳୖࡆࡿࠋ

఩࡟ၥ㢟ᩥࢆศ๭ࡋ㸪ྛࠎ࡟ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ๭ࡾ௜ࡅࡿࠋ

 㡢ኌ ,& ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ
2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ࣭࣮ࣜࢲ௜ࡁ㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟ࡣ㸪ࢫࣆ࣮࢟ࣥࢢ࣭࣌ࣥ㸦ࢢࣜࢵࢻ࣐࣮
ࢡ࣭ࢯ࣮ࣜࣗࢩࣙࣥࢬ(ᰴ)㸧ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋ࣌ࣥᆺࡢ⿦⨨ࡢඛ➃ࡢࢥ࣮ࢻ࣭࣮ࣜࢲ࡛㸪ࢥ࣮ࢻࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡿ࡜㸪ࡑࡢࢥ࣮ࢻ࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓ㸪IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟ෆⶶࡉࢀࡓ㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ෌⏕ࡉࢀࡿࠋ㡢ኌࡣ㸪ෆⶶࢫࣆ࣮࢝ࡲࡓࡣ࢖ࣖ࣍
࡛ࣥ⪺ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
෌⏕㡢㔞࡜ヰ㏿ᗘࡀㄪᩚྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢫࣆ
࣮࢟ࣥࢢ࣭࣌ࣥ๓㠃࡟ࡣ㸪೵Ṇ࣎ࢱࣥ㸪࣮ࣔᅗ 㻞㻌 ⱥㄒ 㻞㻤 䝫䜲䞁䝖䛾䝬䝹䝏䝰䞊䝎䝹ၥ㢟㻌㻌 㻌 㻌 ෉Ꮚ㻌ࢻษࡾ᭰࠼࣎ࢱࣥ㸪ୖୗࡢㄪᩚ࣎ࢱࣥࡢ 4

ぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࡣ㸪₎Ꮠ௬ྡ஺ࡌ

౑⏝ࡋ࡚㸪㡢㔞࡜ヰ㏿ᗘㄪᩚ࣮ࣔࢻࢆษࡾ᭰

ࡾᩥ➼㸪ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀༢఩࡟㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪࠼ࡿࠋ㡢㔞࣮ࣔࢻ࡛ୖୗࡢㄪᩚ࣎ࢱࣥࢆᢲࡏ

ᩥᏐࡸᅗࡢどㄆࢆጉࡆ࡞࠸≉ᚩࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࡤ㸪㡢㔞ࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ヰ୍⯡࡟࣮࢝ࣛ༳ๅࡣ㸪ࢩ࢔࣭࣐ࣥࢪ࢙ࣥࢱ࣭

㏿ᗘㄪᩚ࣮ࣔࢻ࡛ୖୗࡢㄪᩚ࣎ࢱࣥࢆᢲࡏࡤ㸪࢖࢚࣮࣭ࣟࣈࣛࢵࢡࡢ 4 Ⰽ࡛࡞ࡉࢀࡿࠋࢩ

ヰ㏿ᗘࢆษࡾ᭰࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋヰ㏿ᗘࢆ࢔࣭࣐ࣥࢪ࢙ࣥࢱ࣭࢖࢚࣮ࣟࡢ 3 ཎⰍ࡛ᩥษࡾ᭰࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵ 1 ಸ㏿㸪Ꮠࡸᅗࢆ༳ๅࡋ㸪ࣈࣛࢵࢡ࡛ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ

1.5 ಸ㏿㸪2 ಸ㏿➼㸪ヰ㏿ᗘࢆㄪᩚࡋࡓ㡢ኌࢆ༳ๅࡍࢀࡤ㸪ᩥᏐࡸᅗࡢ୰࡟㸪2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㸪IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟ෆⶶࡉࡏ࡚࠾ࡁ㸪ࢻࢆ᭩ࡁධࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪୍

ヰ㏿ᗘࢆษࡾ᭰࠼ࡿࠋ㡢ኌࢆṆࡵࡓ࠸ሙྜ࡟

㠃࡟༳ๅࡍࡿ࡜⫼ᬒⰍ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ᩥᏐࡸᅗࡢどࡣ㸪೵Ṇ࣎ࢱࣥࢆᢲࡍࠋ

ࡘࡢ࣎ࢱࣥࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࣮ࣔࢻษࡾ᭰࠼࣎ࢱࣥࢆ

㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ㸪ࣉࣞࢡࢫࢺ࣮ࢡ࣭ࣞࢥ࣮ࢹ

ㄆࢆጉࡆ࡞࠸ࠋ
ཷ㦂⪅ࡣ㸪2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࡀ༳ๅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ

࢕ࣥࢢ࣭ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔ PRS ࣉࣟ㸦ࢩࢼࣀࢣ⟠ᡤࢆᚲせ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚㸪┤᥋ࢱࢵࢳࡋ࡚㸪ᙜヱࣥࢩ(ᰴ)㸧ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚㸪ၥ㢟ࢆᮁㄞࡋࡓ㡢ኌ⟠ᡤࢆ㡢ኌ࡛ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࢆࣃࢯࢥ࡛ࣥࢹࢪࢱࣝ㘓㡢ࡋ㸪⦅㞟ࡋ࡚సᡂཷ㦂⪅ࡀ㸪ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࢆᢕᥱࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ၥ㢟ࡍࡿࠋ㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ SD ࣮࢝ࢻ࡟グ㘓ࡋ㸪ࢆຠ⋡ࡼࡃㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ḟࡢࡼIC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟ෆⶶࡍࡿࠋࡕ࡞ࡳ࡟㸪1GB ࡢ࠺࡟タィࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋၥ㢟ᩥࢆẁⴠ༢఩࡟ㄞ

SD ࣮࢝ࢻ࡟㸪1 ࢝ᖺᗘศࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ྛẁⴠࡢඛ㢌ࡢᩥࢆࢱ

ᮏ࣭㏣ࡢ㸪඲࡚ࡢᩍ⛉࣭⛉┠ࡢ㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ

ࢵࢳࡍࢀࡤ㸪ࡑࡢẁⴠࡢ⤊ࢃࡾࡲ࡛㸪㐃⥆ࡋ᱁⣡ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

࡚ㄞࡳୖࡆࡿࠋẁⴠࡢඛ㢌௨እࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀༢఩ࢆࢱࢵࢳࡍࢀࡤ㸪ᙜヱᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀༢఩ࡢࡳࢆ

 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢᴫせㄞࡳୖࡆࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ᩥࢆࢱࢵࢳࡍࢀࡤࡑ

3 ⠇ࡢホ౯ᐇ㦂࡛౑⏝ࡍࡿ㸪ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ࡢᩥࡢࡳࢆ㸪ୗ⥺㒊ࢆࢱࢵࢳࡍࢀࡤࡑࡢୗ⥺ኌၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆά⏝ࡋ㻣㻡ࡰࡍຠᯝࢆศᯒࡍࡿࠋ

࡚ᖹᡂ 21 ᖺᗘ࡟㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ㡢ኌၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ㸦⸨ⰾ࡯࠿, 2010; Fujiyoshi, et al., 2010㸧ࠋᐇ㦂᪉ἲᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡣ㸪࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ᙅど⿕㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿᐇ㦂ィ⏬ࡣ㸪⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ

࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾ㸪ၥ㢟ࡢྛᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀༢఩ࢆ㸪ᩘᏐࡸⱥᏐࡲࡓࡣ⤮ᩥᏐ➼㸪グྕࡔࡅ࡛⾲グࡋࡓ㸪 ࡢ࠶ࡿ 33 ࡢࢢࣞࢥ࣭ࣛࢸࣥ᪉᱁ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࠋᅗ 3 ࡟ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲⾲ 1 ࡟㸪ࠕᅜㄒ࣭ࠖࠕⱥㄒ࣭ࠖࠕᩘᏛࠖࡢ 3ࡢ౛ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ

ᩍ⛉ඹ㏻ࡢᐇ㦂ィ⏬ࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ⾲ 㻝㻌 㻟㽢㻟 䛾䜾䝺䝁䞉䝷䝔䞁᪉᱁ἲ䛾㻌㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ᐇ㦂ィ⏬䛾䜲䝯䞊䝆
⿕㦂⪅⩌㻌
㻝 ⩌㻌

㻞 ⩌㻌

ᣑ ኱ ᩥ Ꮠ ෉ ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲䞉㻌㻝 Ꮚ䞉ၥ㢟 㻝㻌
ၥ㢟 㻞㻌
㡰
ᗎ

ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲䞉㻌㻞 ၥ㢟 㻟㻌㻟 ⩌㻌䝬䝹䝏䝰䞊䝎
䝹䞉ၥ㢟 㻟㻌

䝬䝹䝏䝰䞊䝎 ᣑ ኱ ᩥ Ꮠ ෉䝹䞉ၥ㢟 㻝㻌
Ꮚ䞉ၥ㢟 㻞㻌䝬 䝹 䝏 䝰 䞊 䝎 ᣑ ኱ ᩥ Ꮠ ෉ ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲䞉㻌㻟 䝹䞉ၥ㢟 㻞㻌Ꮚ䞉ၥ㢟 㻟㻌ၥ㢟 㻝㻌⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢせᅉࡣ㸪1 ⩌ 3 ྡࡎࡘࡢ 3 ⩌㸪
ィ 9 ྡࡢᙅど㧗ᰯ⏕㸦୍㒊༞ᴗ⏕ࢆྵࡴ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋⰋ࠸᪉ࡢ┠ࡢ▹ṇどຊࡢ⛬ᗘࡣ㸪
0.01㹼0.5㸪୰ኸ್ࡣ 0.08 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢせᅉࡣ㸪ᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟࡜࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟࠾ࡼࡧᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌᅗ 㻟㻌 ᅜㄒ䛾ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲⏝⣬㻌ၥ㢟ࡢ 3 Ỉ‽࡛࠶ࡿࠋᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟࠾ࡼࡧᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡣ㸪࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ

࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢ㸪ᩥᏐࢧ࢖ࢬ࡜෉Ꮚࡢ

㢟࡜ྠᵝ㸪ࡇࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ࡢ෉Ꮚ࡜㡢ኌ IC኱ࡁࡉࡣ㸪10.5 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ A4㸪14 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࡢ 2 ࡘࡔࡅ࡛㸪ヨ㦂ࡢᐇ᪋ࡀྍ⬟A4㸪20 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ A3㸪28 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ A3 ࡢ 4࡛࠶ࡿࠋ༳ๅ≀ㄞ᭩ᅔ㞴ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ㔜ᗘࡢㄞᏐ✀㢮࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ࠿ࡽ㸪⿕㦂⪅࡟᭱㐺࡞㞀ᐖ⪅࠾ࡼࡧ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡣ㸪どぬⓗ࡟㛗࠸₎ࡶࡢࢆ㑅ᢥࡋ࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓࠋᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥᏐ௬ྡ஺ࡌࡾᩥࡢၥ㢟ᩥࢆㄞࡲ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ㸪ᩥ㢟ࡢ෉ᏊࡢᩥᏐࢧ࢖ࢬ࡜෉Ꮚࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡣ㸪᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐ㸪ࡲࡓࡣⅬᏐࡢグྕࢆ㸪

20 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ B4 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ

㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖࡛ࣖࢱࢵࢳࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛㸪ၥ㢟㢟࠾ࡼࡧᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ㡢ኌࡣ㸪ேࡀࢆ㡢ኌ࡛⮬⏤࡟ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋᮁㄞࡋࡓ⫗ኌ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㡢ኌࡢ෌⏕ヰ㏿ᗘࡣ㸪㡢⛬ࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃ㸪ᮁㄞ᫬ࡢ 1 ಸ㏿㸪ホ౯ᐇ㦂

1.5 ಸ㏿㸪2 ಸ㏿ࡢ 3 ẁ㝵࡟㸪⿕㦂⪅ࡀ௵ពᐇ㦂┠ⓗ࡟ษࡾ᭰࠼ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࢆホ౯ࡍၥ㢟ࡢせᅉࡣ㸪኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡛◊✲୰ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟࡜࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟㸪 ࡢ㸪ᇶ♏Ꮫຊホ౯ࡢࡓࡵࡢ㸪ࠕᅜㄒ࣭ࠖࠕⱥ
࠾ࡼࡧᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕
ㄒ࣭ࠖࠕᩘᏛࠖࡢ 3 ᩍ⛉࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍ⛉ู࡟ 3
࢔ࡢせᅉࡀ㸪ᚓⅬ࠾ࡼࡧゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢศᕸ࡟ཬ

ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔࡜ࡶ㸪ၥ㢟 1࣭ၥ㢟 2࣭ၥ㻣㻢㢟 3 ࡢ 3 ࢭࢵࢺࡎࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋၥ㢟ࢭࢵࢺูཬࡰࡍຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩㔞㸪౑⏝ࡍࡿ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻᩘ࠾

ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢせᅉࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ㸪ࠕᅜࡼࡧ㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱᩘ㸪ᮁㄞ᫬㛫㸪1 ಸ㏿ࡢヰ㏿ㄒ࣭ࠖࠕⱥㄒ࣭ࠖࠕᩘᏛࠖࡢ 3 ᩍ⛉࡜ࡶ㸪ᗘࢆ⾲ 2 ࡟♧ࡍࠋࠕᅜㄒࠖ࡜ࠕⱥㄒࠖࡣከ

඲࡚᭷ព࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢせᅉࡢ୺⫥㑅ᢥၥ㢟ࡢᩥ❶㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕᩘᏛࡣᩘ್ゎຠᯝࡣ㸪ࠕᅜㄒࠖࡣ᭷ព࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡅࢀ࡝

⟅ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡶ㸪ࠕⱥㄒࠖ࡜ࠕᩘᏛࠖࡣ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋၥ⾲ 㻞㻌 ၥ㢟䝉䝑䝖ูᩥᏐᩘ䛸ᮁㄞ᫬㛫➼ 㻌㢟ࡢせᅉࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ㸪ࠕⱥㄒࠖࡣ᭷ព࡛࡞࠿

ၥ㢟
䝉䝑
䝖㻌

ᩥ᭩
㔞䠄ᩥ
Ꮠᩘ䠅㻌

㻞 ḟඖ䝁
䞊䝗ᩘ㻌

㡢ኌ䝕
䞊䝍ᩘ㻌

ᮁㄞ᫬
㛫䠄ศ䠅㻌

ᮁㄞ㏿
ᗘ䠄ᩥ
Ꮠᩘ㻛
ศ䠅㻌

㻝㻌

㻞㻤㻝㻠㻌

㻝㻡㻞㻌

㻝㻟㻢㻌

㻝㻣㻚㻢㻣㻌

㻝㻡㻥㻚㻞㻤

ᅜ
㻞㻌
ㄒ㻌

㻞㻠㻝㻝㻌

㻝㻢㻠㻌

㻝㻠㻡㻌

㻝㻣㻚㻥㻣㻌

㻝㻟㻠㻚㻝㻥

㻟㻌

㻞㻜㻤㻜㻌

㻝㻠㻤㻌

㻝㻟㻞㻌

㻝㻢㻚㻜㻟㻌

㻝㻞㻥㻚㻣㻟

ࡓࡵ㸪ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ูᚓⅬศᕸࡢ⟽ࡦࡆࡗࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ㸪ࠕᅜㄒࠖ࡜ࠕᩘᏛࠖࡣ᭷ព࡛
࠶ࡗࡓࠋ㡰ᗎࡢせᅉࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ㸪඲࡚᭷ព࡛
࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ᚓⅬศᕸࢆࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔㛫࡛ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ

㻝㻌㻌 㻡㻥㻣㻌

㻌 㻠㻡㻌

㻌 㻟㻟㻌

㻌 㻠㻚㻞㻟㻌

㻝㻠㻝㻚㻜㻞

ᩘ㻞㻌Ꮫ㻌ᅗ࡜㸪Scheffe ࡢࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔㛫ࡢከ㔜㻌 㻠㻥㻜㻌

㻌 㻟㻥㻌

㻌 㻟㻟㻌

㻌 㻠㻚㻜㻟㻌

㻝㻞㻝㻚㻠㻥

ẚ㍑⤖ᯝࢆᅗ 4 ࡟♧ࡍࠋࠕ᳨ᐃ⤖ᯝࠖࡢ⦪㻟㻌㻌 㻡㻝㻟㻌

㻌 㻠㻡㻌

㻌 㻠㻜㻌

㻌 㻠㻚㻜㻤㻌

㻝㻞㻡㻚㻢㻟

㻝㻌

㻝㻤㻤㻥㻌

㻞㻞㻞㻌

㻝㻤㻝㻌

㻝㻠㻚㻡㻌

㻝㻟㻜㻚㻞㻤

ⱥ
㻞㻌
ㄒ㻌

㻝㻤㻢㻞㻌

㻞㻟㻜㻌

㻝㻤㻠㻌

㻝㻡㻚㻣㻤㻌

㻝㻝㻣㻚㻥㻣

㻟㻌

㻞㻜㻡㻠㻌

㻞㻞㻞㻌

㻝㻤㻝㻌

㻝㻠㻚㻥㻡㻌

㻝㻟㻣㻚㻟㻥

⥺ࡣ㸪⥺࡛⤖ࡤࢀࡓࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔㛫࡟᭷ពᕪࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ

᳨ᐃ⤖ᯝ

ᅜㄒ㻌
䝬䝹䝏䝰䞊䝎䝹㻌
ᣑ኱ᩥᏐ෉Ꮚ㻌ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌ᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢྛࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢࢸࢫ
ࢺ࣭ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜㸪೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡢࢸࢫࢺ࣭ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪೺ᖖ⪅ࢆ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌㻌⿕㦂⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡟ⱥㄒ㻌䝬䝹䝏䝰䞊䝎䝹㻌
ᣑ኱ᩥᏐ෉Ꮚ㻌ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌

ᑐࡍࡿᐇ㦂ィ⏬ࡣ㸪ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢせᅉࢆ㝖ࡁ㸪⾲ 1 ࡢᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢᐇ㦂ィ⏬࡜ྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌㻌ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢせᅉࡣ㸪ᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟ᩘᏛ㻌䝬䝹䝏䝰䞊䝎䝹㻌
ᣑ኱ᩥᏐ෉Ꮚ㻌ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌

ࢆ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟㸦10.5 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ㸪A4㸧࡟㸪࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࢆྜᡂ㡢ኌࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟࡟᭰࠼ࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌㻌ኌၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜ྠᵝ㸪⫗ኌࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ0      50     100
㸦Ⅼ㸧೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣ 1 ⩌ 7 ྡࡎࡘࡢ 3 ⩌㸪ィ
21 ྡࡢ೺ᖖ㧗ᰯ⏕࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅗ 㻠㻌 䝔䝇䝖䞉䝯䝕䜱䜰ูᚓⅬศᕸ䛾㻌㻌 ⟽䜂䛢ᅗ䛸 㻿㼏㼔㼑㼒㼒㼑 䛾ከ㔜ẚ㍑

ᐇ㦂ᡭ⥆ࡁࡣ㸪ヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆไ㝈ࡋ࡞࠸సᴗ
ไ㝈ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢᚓⅬศᕸࡣ㸪3 ᩍ⛉࡜ࡶඹᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ

㏻ࡋ࡚㸪࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟㸪ᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟㸪(1) ᚓⅬศᕸᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ㡰࡟㸪ⱝᖸᚓⅬࡀୗࡀࡿഴྥࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ㸪᭷ពᕪࡣ඲࡚ᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢᚓⅬ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㸪⿕㦂⪅⩌㸪ㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔㸪ၥ㢟㸪㡰ᗎࡢ 4 せᅉࡢ㻣㻣࣐࣭ࣥ࣍࢖ࢵࢺࢽ࣮ࡢ᳨ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ࠕⱥㄒࠖ ࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔࡜ࡶゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡣ࡯ࡰྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡗࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆ㝖ࡁ㸪ᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟㸪 ࡓࠋ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟࠾ࡼࡧᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢᚓⅬ࡜㸪೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ

᳨ᐃ⤖ᯝ

ᅜㄒ㻌
ᣑ኱ᩥᏐ෉Ꮚ㻌䝬䝹䝏䝰䞊䝎䝹㻌
ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌

㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡢᚓⅬ㛫࡟㸪3 ᩍ⛉࡜ࡶ඲࡚᭷
ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࠕⱥㄒࠖࡢᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢᚓⅬࡔࡅࡣ㸪೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡼࡾࡶ㸪᭷ព࡟೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌㻌ప࠿ࡗࡓ㸦S=96.00㸪Z=-1.96㸪p<0.05㸧ࠋⱥㄒ㻌ᣑ኱ᩥᏐ෉Ꮚ㻌䝬䝹䝏䝰䞊䝎䝹㻌
ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌

(2) ゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢศᕸ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌㻌ᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㸪4 せᅉᩘᏛ㻌䝬䝹䝏䝰䞊䝎䝹㻌
ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌
ᣑ኱ᩥᏐ෉Ꮚ㻌ࡢཬࡰࡍຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡣ㸪⾲ 2 ࡢᩥ᭩㔞㸦ᩥᏐᩘ㸧ࢆྛ⿕㦂⪅ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫࡛๭ࡗ࡚㸪༢఩᫬೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌㻌㛫ᙜࡓࡾ࡟ฎ⌮ྍ⬟࡞ᩥ᭩㔞࡜ࡋ࡚⟬ฟࡋࡓࠋࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢせᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࠕᅜ0    ㄒࠖ࡜ࠕⱥㄒࠖ࡟᭷ព࡞୺ຠᯝࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࠕᩘᏛࠖ࡟ࡣ㸪᭷ព࡞୺ຠᯝࡣㄆࡵ

400     800
㸦ᩥᏐ/ศ㸧ᅗ 㻡㻌 䝔䝇䝖䞉䝯䝕䜱䜰ูゎ⟅㏿ᗘ䛾ศᕸ㻌㻌 䛾⟽䜂䛢ᅗ䛸 㻿㼏㼔㼑㼒㼒㼑 䛾ከ㔜ẚ㍑

ࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢせᅉࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ㸪ࠕⱥㄒࠖࡣ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ㸪ࠕᅜㄒࠖ࡜ࠕᩘᏛࠖࡣ᭷ព࡛࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋၥ㢟ࡢせᅉࡢ࣐࣭ࣥ࣍࢖ࢵࢺࢽ࣮ࡢ᳨ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪೺ᖖ⿕୺ຠᯝࡣ㸪඲࡚᭷ព࡛࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㡰ᗎࡢせᅉ㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡣ㸪ᙅど⿕ࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ㸪ࠕᅜㄒࠖ࡜ࠕⱥㄒࠖࡣ᭷ព࡛࡞

㦂⪅⩌ࡢᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟㸪࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟㸪࠿ࡗࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ㸪ࠕᩘᏛࠖࡣ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

࠾ࡼࡧᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡼࡾࡶ㸪ゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢศᕸࢆࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔㛫࡛ẚ

3 ᩍ⛉࡜ࡶ඲࡚᭷ព࡟㸪㠀ᖖ࡟㏿࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀぢ㍑ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ูゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢฟࡉࢀࡓࠋ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡢゎศᕸࡢ⟽ࡦࡆᅗ㸪࠾ࡼࡧ Scheffe ࡢࢸࢫࢺ࣭

⟅㏿ᗘࡣ㸪ᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡢ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔㛫ࡢከ㔜ẚ㍑⤖ᯝࢆᅗ 5 ࡟♧ࡍࠋࠕᩘᏛࠖࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡼࡾ࠿࡞ࡾ㏿࠸ࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ㸪㝈⏺Ỉ‽ 0.078 ࡜᭷ព࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘࢆ㸪ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ
࢕࢔㛫࡛ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜㸪3 ᩍ⛉࡜ࡶ㸪ᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟㸪࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟㸪ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌ(3) ᙅどཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ၥ㢟ࡢ㡰࡟㸪ゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡀ㐜ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢฟᐃࡉࢀࡓࠋࠕᅜㄒࠖࡣ㸪ᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟㸪࣐ࣝࢳ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿබᖹ࡞ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟㸪ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ㡰࡟㸪ࡢ᥎ᐃ⌮ᛕࡣ㸪㏻ᖖࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ෆ࡟೺ᖖཷ㦂ゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡀ᭷ព࡟㐜ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࠕⱥㄒࠖࡶ㸪ᣑ⪅⩌ࡀ฿㐩ࡍࡿ㸪ゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ࡲࡓࡣᚓⅬ཰ᚓ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟࡜࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘ⋡࡟㸪㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅⩌ࡶ฿㐩ࡍࡿࡲ࡛㸪㞀ᐖཷࡣ࡯ࡰྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ㸪ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌ㦂⪅⩌࡟ࡶ➼ࡋࡃ㸪ゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࢆಖ㞀ࡋࡼၥ㢟ࡣ᭷ព࡟㐜࠸ࠋ୍᪉㸪ࠕᩘᏛࠖࡣ㸪ᩥ᭩࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ࡲࡓࡣᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡀⱝᖸ㐜࠸ࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ㸪3 ࢸࢫ

ᚓⅬ཰ᚓ⋡࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㸪೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅ᡤ㻣㻤せ᫬㛫࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㸪㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬᫬㛫࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ㸪ヨ㦂᫬㛫ࡣࡑࢀࡼࡾⱝᖸ㛗㛫ࡢಸ⋡ࢆ㸪ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃ್࡜ࡍࡿ

࠸್࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
ࡕ࡞ࡳ࡟㸪ゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ 75%ࡢ᫬ࡢ㸪೺ᖖࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸦 Fujiyoshi and Fujiyoshi,⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫࡟ᑐ

2003㸧ࠋ
ゎ⟅⤊஢⋡࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿ㸪ᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࡢಸ⋡ࢆ㸪ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡢゎᙅどཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃ್⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㸪ᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅ᡤ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜㸪⾲ 3 ࠿ࡽ㸪ᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡣ㸪せ᫬㛫ࡢಸ⋡ࡢศᕸ㸦ୗࣄࣥࢪ㸪୰ኸ್㸪ୖࠕᅜㄒࠖࡀ 2.0 ಸ㸪ࠕⱥㄒࠖࡀ 2.2 ಸ㸪ࠕᩘࣄࣥࢪ㸧ࢆ⾲ 3 ࡟♧ࡍࠋ

Ꮫࠖࡀ 1.6 ಸ࡜࡞ࡿࠋྠᵝ࡟㸪࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲ

ࡶࡋ㸪ࡇࡢヨ㦂ࢆࣃ࣮࣭࣡ࢸࢫࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ

ࣝၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ࠕᅜㄒࠖࡀ 2.1 ಸ㸪ࠕⱥㄒࠖࡀ

᪋ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿヨ㦂

2.0 ಸ㸪ࠕᩘᏛࠖࡀ 1.4 ಸ࡜࡞ࡿࠋᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀᫬㛫ࡣ㸪೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ࡀ 80%⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ࠕᅜㄒࠖࡀ 3.2 ಸ㸪ࠕⱥㄒࠖࡢ᫬ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫࡜࡞ࡿࠋ⾲ 3 ࡢ㸪೺ᖖ

ࡀ 4.9 ಸ㸪ࠕᩘᏛࠖࡀ 1.6 ಸ࡜᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ

⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࡢୖࣄࣥࢪࡣࠊゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ 75%ࡢ᫬ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ⾲ 㻟㻌 ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌䛾㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟䛾ゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫䛻ᑐ䛩䜛㻌㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌䛾ゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫䛾ಸ⋡䛾ศᕸ㻌೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ᅜ ᣑ኱ᩥᏐㄒ ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝ
ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲
೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ⱥ ᣑ኱ᩥᏐㄒ ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝ
ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲
೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ᩘ ᣑ኱ᩥᏐᏛ ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝ
ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ୗࣄࣥࢪゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫㻔ศ㻕


                       

ಸ⋡













୰ኸ್
ゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫㻔ศ㻕


                    

ಸ⋡













ୖࣄࣥࢪ
ゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫㻔ศ㻕㻌 ಸ⋡


                    
ᚓྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ 4㸧ࠋ⪃ᐹ
ホ౯ᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪௒ᅇ㛤ⓎࡋࡓᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡲࡓ㸪࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅࠾ࡼࡧ୍ᐃ㔞ᘏ㛗ࡍࢀࡤ㸪೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅࡜බᖹ࡟ᐇ᪋㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅➼㸪༳ๅ≀ㄞ᭩ᅔ㞴⪅ࡢࡓࡵࡢ㸪 ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶぢฟࡉࢀࡓࠋ☜࠿࡟㸪ᙅどබᖹ࠿ࡘ㐺ษ࡞ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᐇ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟࡜㸪೺ᖖ⿕㦂᪋ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢฟࡉࢀࡓࠋヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆ⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫࡟ࡣ㸪᭷ไ㝈ࡋ࡞࠸᮲௳ୗ࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕᅜㄒ࣭ࠖࠕⱥ

ព࡞ᕪ␗ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ 5㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪㞀ᐖཷ㦂ㄒ࣭ࠖࠕᩘᏛࠖࡢ 3 ᩍ⛉࡜ࡶඹ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪ᙅ⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㸪බᖹ࡞ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃἲど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ᣑ኱ᩥࡀ ᥦ ᱌ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸦 Fujiyoshi andᏐၥ㢟࠾ࡼࡧᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟࡜ྠᵝ㸪೺Fujiyoshi, 2003㸧㸪೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅ࡢࢸࢫࢺ࣭

ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟࡜ྠᵝ࡞ᚓⅬࢆྲྀࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ཰㞟ࡍࢀࡤ㸪࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࢆ㻣㻥⋡ⓗ࡟ゎ⟅࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡜ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ

බᖹ࠿ࡘ㐺ษ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡣ㸪ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ゎ⟅⤊஢⋡࡟ࡼࡿ㸪࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡣ㸪ࠕᅜㄒࠖࡣ 2.1 ಸ㸪ࠕⱥㄒࠖ ࠾ࡼࡧ㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢヨ㦂᪉
ࡣ 2.0 ಸ㸪ࠕᩘᏛࠖࡣ 1.4 ಸࡀබᖹ࡜᥎ᐃࡉ

ἲࡀ᭷ࡍࡿ▷ᡤࢆゎᾘࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᑐ

ࢀࡓ㸦⾲ 3㸧ࠋ㠃ᮁㄞࡸ࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࣭࢜࢝ࢭࢵࢺ㸪࠾ࡼࡧ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢ౑⏝࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ㄞᏐ㞀

DAISY ᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ၥ㢟ࡢࢲ࢖ࣞࢡ

ᐖ⪅࠾ࡼࡧ㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ㞀ᐖࡢ⛬ᗘࢺ࣭࢔ࢡࢭࢫࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪1 ᗘ᭱ᚋ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚㸪ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ 2 ࡘࡢࣔࢲࣜࢸ࢕

ࡲ࡛⪺࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㸪ၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡢᢕᥱࡶ≉ᛶࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚㸪ၥ㢟ࢆຠ⋡ࡼࡃ⮬⏤࡟ㄞࡴᐜ࡛᫆࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࢱࣈࣞࢵࢺ࣭ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ

ࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ

᪉ᘧ➼㸪ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ᪉ᘧࡢḞⅬ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸪ᐇ᪋ୖࡢၥ㢟ࡶゎᾘࡉࢀࡿࠋࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ᪉

ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ẚ㍑ⓗ㔜ᗘࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡶ㸪ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡀ᭷⏝࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᘧࡣ㸪ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࡟ 1 ᗘ୙ලྜࡀⓎ⏕ࡍㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡣከᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㍍ᗘࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢀࡤ㸪ヨ㦂᫬㛫ෆ࡟᚟ᪧࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡣ㸪ヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘᘏ㛗ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛㸪㏻

ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪᭱ࡶ㔜኱࡞▷ᡤࡣ㸪ཷ㦂⪅ࡢ୙ṇᖖᩥᏐࡲࡓࡣᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚ཷ

⾜Ⅽࢆ┘どࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ཷ㦂⪅ 1 ே࡟┘╩㦂ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪₎Ꮠ௬ྡ஺ࡌࡾᩥࡢၥ

⪅ 1 ேࢆヨ㦂ᮇ㛫୰㸪ᖖ࡟㓄⨨ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ

㢟ࡢㄆ▱ࡀᅔ㞴࡞㸪≉࡟㔜ᗘࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅࡟࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲ

ࡣ㸪ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡀ᭱㐺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿

ࣝၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ࡓ࡜࠼㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟୙ලྜ

ࡋ㸪࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡣᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡀ౑⏝ྍ⬟࡞㸪ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ணഛࡢࡶࡢ࡟ྲྀࡾ᭰࠼ࡿࡔࡅ

ẚ㍑ⓗ㔜ᗘࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅࡟ࡣ㸪࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲ

࡛㸪ヨ㦂ࢆ㏿ࡸ࠿࡟⥅⥆ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋヨ㦂ᐇࣝၥ㢟ࡀ㐺ษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㛗࠸ᩥ❶ࡸㄞࡳ࡟ࡃ࠸

᪋ഃ࡛㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࢆ‽ഛࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪୙₎Ꮠࡢ㒊ศࡣ㸪IC ࣉࣞ࢖࡛ࣖࡑࡢ⟠ᡤࢆ┤ṇ⾜Ⅽࡢ┘どࡀᚲせ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

᥋ࢱࢵࢳࡍࢀࡤ㸪㡢ኌ࡛⮬⏤࡟ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ
⤖ㄽ

⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
ᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡢㄞ᭩㏿ᗘࡀ㸪ၥ㢟ࢆ㡢ኌ࡛኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢ㸪ࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ

⪺ࡃ㏿ᗘࡼࡾࡶ࠿࡞ࡾ㐜࠸㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅࡟࡜࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ᐊ࡛㛤Ⓨ୰ࡢ㸪ᩥࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ᩥᏐ࡟ຍ࠼࡚㡢ኌࡀά⏝࡛ࡁࡿ࣐ࣝ

Ꮠ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡣ㸪₎Ꮠ௬ྡ

ࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡀ᭷⏝࡛࠶ࡿࠋB4 ࢧ࢖ࢬ௨஺ࡌࡾᩥ➼㸪༳ๅ≀ㄞ᭩ᅔ㞴ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿㄞᏐ㞀ୖࡢ㸪኱ᆺࡢᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚࢆ㸪㔜ᗘࡢᙅ

ᐖࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅࠾ࡼࡧ㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ࡢࢭࣥࢱど⪅ࡀ┠ࢆ㏆࡙ࡅ࡚ㄞࡴࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࣮ヨ㦂➼ࡢཷ㦂ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲ

ࢆᡭ࡛ື࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽㄞࡲࡡࡤ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪ゎ⟅㏿ࡓ㸪ࡓࡔ༢࡟ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼ࡢཷ㦂ࢆྍ⬟࡟ᗘࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟పୗࡍࡿࠋ≉࡟㸪ᣑ኱ㄞ᭩ჾࢆ౑

ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ึ➼࣭୰➼ᩍ⫱ẁ㝵ࡢ㔜

ࡗ࡚ 16 ಸ⛬ᗘ࡟ᣑ኱ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㠀ᗘࡢ㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡟㸪೺ᖖඣ❺࣭ᖖ࡟㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚ⏕ᚐ࡜ྠᵝ㸪኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫࡢ┠ᶆࢆ୚࠼㸪Ꮫ⩦ពࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ㸪ㄞ᭩㏿ᗘࡀᴟ➃࡟㐜ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋḧࢆႏ㉳ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

௒ᅇ㸪㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟㡢ኌࡢ෌⏕ヰ㏿ホ౯ᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ᗘࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿᶵ⬟ࡀᐇ⿦ࡉࢀࡓࠋᩍ⛉࣭⛉┠೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅࡜බᖹ࡟ᐇ᪋ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢ࡟༶ࡋ࡚㸪ヰ㏿ᗘࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ฟࡉࢀࡓࠋ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ヨ㦂᫬㛫ࡗࡓࠋ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟࡟ࡼࡿゎ⟅࡟⩦⇍ࢆไ㝈ࡋ࡞࠸᮲௳ୗ࡛ࡣ㸪೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ヰ㏿ᗘㄪᩚᶵ⬟ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚㸪ࡼࡾຠᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟࡜ྠᵝ࡞ᚓⅬࢆྲྀᚓྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

㻤㻜☜࠿࡟㸪࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡣ㸪ࡗࡓ◊✲ࡢ୍㒊࡛࠶ࡿࠋㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟㐜⪅ཬࡧ㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ࡢ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࢆ㐺ṇ໬ࡍࢀࡤ㸪 ➼ࡢཷ㦂ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ
ά⏝ࡋ࡚⣬࡜㖄➹ࡢࢸࢫࢺࡢ㖄➹ࢆ㡢ኌ IC೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅࡜බᖹ࡟ᐇ᪋ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ഃ࡛㸪࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡜ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟⨨ࡁ᥮࠼ࡓᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳࣔ

㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࢆ‽ഛࡋࡉ࠼ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ヨ㦂࣮ࢲࣝၥ㢟ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋᚑ᮶ࡢⅬᏐၥ㢟࡜ᣑ┘╩⪅ࡣᩍ♧ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛㸪ヨ㦂ࢆᐜ᫆࡟ᐇ᪋

኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪ᮏ⛉◊㈝࡛◊✲୰ࡢᩥྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ཷ㦂⪅ࡶ஦๓࡟⡆༢࡞᧯᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟࡜ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔ

స⦎⩦ࢆࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛㸪ཷ㦂ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢ 2 ࡘࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡀᐇ⏝໬ࡉࢀࢀࡤ㸪༳ๅ≀ㄞ᭩ᅔ㞴ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ

ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢసᡂᢏ⾡ࡣ㸪ࡓࡔ༢࡟ヨ㦂᪉ἲࡢᨵၿ࡟␃ࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ 㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼ࡢཷ㦂ࡀྍ⬟࡜ᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿㄞᏐ㞀ᐖඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡞ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲ᶵ఍ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓ᪥ᮏᏛ

ࡢࡓࡵࡢ㸪ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉⾡᣺⯆఍࡟ᚰ࠿ࡽឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡿࠋ

᭩ࡢసᡂࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪ᑠᏛᰯࡢᩍ ࡲࡓ㸪㡢ኌၥ㢟సᡂ࡟ᢏ⾡ⓗຓゝࢆ࠸ࡓࡔ⛉᭩࡟ぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅ࠸ࡓࢢࣜࢵࢻ࣐࣮ࢡ࣭ࢯ࣮ࣜࣗࢩࣙࣥࢬᰴᘧ

ࡋ࡚࠾ࡅࡤ㸪ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ

఍♫Ἑ㔝୕㑻Ặཬࡧᰴᘧ఍♫Ἀࢹ࣮ࢱࡢụ⏣⛉᭩ࡀసᡂ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖࡛ࣖᩥᏐ

㝯ᚿẶ࡟ཌࡃᚚ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡿࠋ

ࢆࢱࢵࢳࡍࢀࡤ㸪㡢ኌ࡛ㄞࡳୖࡆ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡓ ࢸࢫࢺ࣭ࢹ࣮ࢱ཰㞟ᐇ㦂ࡢᐇ᪋࡟㝿ࡋࡈ༠ࡵ㸪ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖඣ❺ࡶᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌ࡜ࢆ⤖ࡧࡘࡅຊ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓ㸪⟃Ἴ኱Ꮫどぬ≉ูヨ㦂Ꮫᰯ㸪࡚Ꮫ⩦ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲ㒔 ❧ ᑠ ᖹ 㧗 ➼ Ꮫ ᰯ 㸪 NPO ἲ ே DAISYࣝᩍ⛉᭩ࡀ౑⏝࡛ࡁࢀࡤ㸪ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡢඣ❺ࡶ㸪 TOKYO ࡢྛẶ㸪㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ኱Ꮫ㝔⏕ࡢᑠᒣ⏣೺ᖖࡢඣ❺࡜୍⥴࡟ᮘࢆ୪࡭࡚㸪୍⥴ࡢᩍ⛉ᐶྐẶ㸪⸆ᖌᑎ㥴௓Ặ㸪Ꮫ㒊⏕ࡢ᪂஭భᘺẶ㸪᭩࡛㸪࡜ࡶ࡟ຮᙉࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋᩍ⛉᭩ΎỈཌ௓Ặཬࡧ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮◊✲⿵బဨࡀㄞࡵ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㸪ண⩦ࡶ᚟⩦ࡶᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡢ኱⃝ᙲᏊẶ࡟ᚰ࠿ࡽឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡿḟ➨࡛ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ࡀ౑࠼ࢀࡤ㸪࠶ࡿࠋண⩦ࡶ᚟⩦ࡶྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋᩥ⊩௒ᚋ㸪ྂᩥࡸ₎ᩥ࠾ࡼࡧᩘᘧ➼ࡢᮁㄞἲ㸪⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ (2010) ࠗཷ⫗ኌ࡟᭰࠼࡚ྜᡂ㡢ኌࡢ฼⏝ࡢྍ⬟ᛶ㸪ᩍ㦂᱌ෆู෉࠘኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮.

⛉࣭⛉┠ูၥ㢟సᡂᡭᘬࡁ᭩ࡢ㛤Ⓨ㸪ၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡜㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࡢసᡂసᴗࡢ⮬ື໬➼㸪࣐ࣝ

Educational

TestingService(2010).

ࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢ㉁ࡢྥୖ࡜సᡂసᴗࡢຠ⋡“Resources໬㸪࠾ࡼࡧࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕ࡢྥୖ࡜ࢥࢫࢺ๐ῶ

disabilities”,࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪◊✲㛤Ⓨࢆ㐍ࡵ㸪3 ࢝ᖺᚋ

http://www.ets.org/portal/site/ets/menࢆ┠㏵࡟ᐇ⏝໬ࢆࡵࡊࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ

uitem.435c0b5cc7bd0ae7015d9510c39

for

test

takerswith

21509/?vgnextoid=feb7be3a864f4010V
ㅰ㎡

gnVCM10000022f95190RCRD ᮏ◊✲ࡣᖹᡂ 20 ᖺᗘ㹼22 ᖺᗘ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝

Fujiyoshi, M., and Fujiyoshi, A. (2003)⿵ຓ㔠ᇶ┙◊✲(B)(20300282)ࠗᩥᏐㄆ▱㞀“Estimatingᐖ⪅ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢཷ㦂ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࣂ࣮

ratios for students with disabilities fromࢥ࣮ࢻ࣭࣮ࣜࢲ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࠘ࢆཷࡅ࡚⾜

item

㻤㻝

testing

cumulativetime

extension

curves”,

NewDevelopments

Proceedings

inof

http://www.gridmark.co.jp/sol/gridonput.

Psychometrics:

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html.

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Joint Council for Qualifications (2005)

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andspecial⸨ⰾ ⾨ (2004) ࠕἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡢࣘ

consideration: regulations and guidanceࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ㸫ࢹࢪࢱࣝ㡢ኌヨ㦂

relating to candidates who are eligible࡜ⅬᏐヨ㦂ࡢタィ㸫ࠖࠗ኱Ꮫධヨ◊✲ࢪࣕfor࣮ࢼࣝ࠘ 14, 15-24.

London, JCQ.

adjustments

inexaminations,⸨ⰾ ⾨࣭⸨ⰾ᫂⏕ (2005) ࠕྖἲヨ㦂▷⟅ᩥ 㒊 ⛉ Ꮫ ┬ (2004) ᑠ ࣭ ୰ Ꮫ ᰯ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿᘧヨ㦂ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ㸫ⅬᏐヨLD(Ꮫ⩦㞀ᐖ), ADHD(ὀពḞ㝗/ከືᛶ㞀㦂ࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃ࡜ࢹࢪࢱࣝ㡢ኌᐖ)㸪㧗ᶵ⬟⮬㛢⑕ࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢᩍ⫱ᨭၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨ㸫ࠖࠗ኱Ꮫධヨ◊✲ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝ࠘

᥼యไࡢᩚഛࡢࡓࡵࡢ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥ(ヨ᱌),15, 27-34.

http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/houdou/1

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6/01/04013002.htm.

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the

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(1992)

Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ

“Eligibility issues and comparable time࢖ࣥ㸫Ꮫ⩦㞀ᐖ⪅࡜୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡢཷ㦂ࢆྍ

limits for disabled and nondisabled SAT⬟࡟ࡍࡿࢹࢪࢱࣝ㡢ኌၥ㢟ฟ㢟ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ

examinees”, ETS Research Report, RR-

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⸨ⰾ ⾨࣭⸨ⰾ᫂⏕࣭㟷ᯇ฼᫂ (2010) ࠕ㔜

R. E., Braun, H., Rock, D. A., andᗘࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ཬࡧ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡢཷ㦂ࢆྍ

Powers,⬟࡟ࡍࡿᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨࠖ

handicappedࠗ኱Ꮫධヨ◊✲ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝ࠘ 20, 131-138.

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(2010) “New Testing Method for the
Dyslexic and the Newly Blind with aDigital Audio Player and Document
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116–123.
ࢢࣜࢵࢻ࣐࣮ࢡ࣭ࢯ࣮ࣜࣗࢩࣙࣥࢬ (2009)
Grid

Onput

ࡢ

ᴫ

せ

,

㻤㻞

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(1988)

Testing

people.Massachusetts:➨ 5 ⠇ ᪂ࡋ࠸㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢホ౯ࠕ㖄➹ࢆ㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟⨨ࡁ᥮࠼ࡓ⣬➹ࢸࢫࢺឤぬࡢ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢホ౯ࠖ⸨ⰾ ⾨, ༡㇂࿴⠊, ኱⃝ᙲᏊ, ᑠᒣ⏣ᐶྐ, ⸆ᖌᑎ㥴௓, ᪂஭భᘺ, ΎỈཌ௓, 㟷ᯇ฼᫂, ⃝ᓮ㝧ᙪ, ⸨ᇽᰤᏊ, ᳃⏣⫄Ꮚ (2012). ኱Ꮫධヨ◊✲ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝ, No.22, 199-208.

㻤㻟

㖄➹ࢆ㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟⨨ࡁ᥮࠼ࡓ⣬➹ࢸࢫࢺឤぬࡢ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢホ౯
⸨ⰾ ⾨࣭༡㇂࿴⠊࣭኱⃝ᙲᏊ㸦኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧㸪ᑠᒣ⏣ᐶྐ࣭⸆ᖌᑎ㥴௓࣭᪂஭భᘺ࣭
ΎỈཌ௓㸦㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ኱Ꮫ㸧㸪㟷ᯇ฼᫂㸦⟃Ἴ኱Ꮫ㝃ᒓどぬ≉ูᨭ᥼Ꮫᰯ㸧㸪⃝ᓮ㝧ᙪ㸦㒔❧ᑠᖹ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ㸧㸪⸨ᇽᰤᏊ㸦NPO ἲே EDGE㸧㸪᳃⏣⫄Ꮚ㸦NPO ἲே DAISY TOKYO㸧 ぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚㸪㖄➹ࢆ࣌ࣥᆺࡢ㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟⨨ࡁ᥮࠼ࡓ㸪⣬➹ࢸࢫࢺឤぬࡢ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋホ౯ᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢⅬᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚཬࡧ㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡲࡓࡣ
ᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪ࡇࡢ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆᐇ⏝໬ࡍࢀࡤ㸪୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅㸪㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ཬࡧㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅ࡣࡶ࡜ࡼࡾᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢཷ㦂⪅ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼ࡢཷ㦂ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࡣࡌࡵ࡟

ゎ࡜౑⏝࡟ࡣ㸪ᚲࡎࡋࡶᅔ㞴ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂㸦௨ୗࠕࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㸦ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬, 2004㸧ࠋ㦂ࠖ࡜␎㸧)ࡣ㸪㛤Ⓨᙜึ࠿ࡽ㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿཷ ᑠၥᙧᘧࡢḢ⡿ࡢඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾ㸪㦂⪅ࢆࡣࡌࡵࡍ࡭࡚ࡢཷ㦂⪅࡟බᖹ࡟㓄៖ࡋ኱ၥᙧᘧࡢ㛗ᩥ࡛ၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡶ」㞧࡞ࢭ࡚ヨ㦂ࢆタィࡍࡿࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹ

ࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼࡟ࡣ㸪⊂⮬ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀࢨ࢖࡛ࣥ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡢၥ㢟෉ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

Ꮚ࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪㔜ᗘࡢどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅⏝࡟ⅬᏐၥ㢟 ➨ 1 ࡟ 㸪 DAISY (Digital Accessibleࡀ㸪ᙅど⪅⏝࡟ᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡀ⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠸

Information System)ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚㸪㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡿࠋࢆヨసࡋࡓ㸦⸨ⰾ࣭⸨ⰾ, 2005㸧ࠋDAISY ࡣ ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡟ࡣ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡀ⏝ព࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࣛࣥࢲ࣒࣭࢔ࢡࢭࢫࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋḢ⡿ࡢඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺ࡛ࡣᑐ㠃ᮁ෌⏕ヰ㏿ᗘࡶㄪᩚྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ၥ㢟ㄞ᪉ᘧཬࡧ࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࣭࢜࢝ࢭࢵࢺ᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡢᢕᥱ㸪ၥ㢟ࡢ௵ពࡢ⟠ᡤࢆ┤᥋ၥ㢟ࡀᖖ࡟⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Mandinach etㄞࡴࢲ࢖ࣞࢡࢺ࣭࢔ࢡࢭࢫཬࡧᅗࡢฟ㢟ࡶᅔ

al., 2005; Ragosta and Wendler, 1992㸧ࠋ୰㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡣ㸪ᩘᖺࡢゐㄞカ⦎ࢆཷࡅ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ

 ➨ 2 ࡟㸪ࢱࣈࣞࢵࢺ࣭ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࢆά⏝ⅬᏐࡢㄞࡳ㏿ᗘࡀ㏿ࡃ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡓࡵཷ㦂ࢆ᩿ࡋ࡚ၥ㢟ᩥࡢࢲ࢖ࣞࢡࢺ࣭࢔ࢡࢭࢫࢆྍ⬟࡟ᛕࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋᣑ኱ㄞ᭩ჾࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ᩥᏐࡋ ࡓ 㡢 ኌ ၥ 㢟 ࢆ 㛤 Ⓨ ࡋ ࡓ 㸦 Fujiyoshi andࢆ 16 ಸ⛬ᗘ࡟ᣑ኱ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸≉࡟

Fujiyoshi, 2006; ⸨ⰾ௚, 2006㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࣃ㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅➼㸪㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ࡶ㸪ᩥᏐၥ㢟ࢯࢥࣥ౑⏝࡟ࡣࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕⟶⌮➼㸪ヨ㦂ᐇ෉Ꮚࡔࡅ࡛ࡣཷ㦂ࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ㄞᏐ᪋㠃࡟ᅔ㞴ࡀከ࠸ࠋ

㞀ᐖࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅㸦௨ୗࠕㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ࠖ࡜␎ ᚑ᮶ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡣ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ⬟ືⓗㄞ᭩ࡀグ㸧ࡶ㡢ኌࡢά⏝ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ᭱᪂ࡢぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻྛᏛᖺࡢඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢ⣙ 2.5㸣ࡀ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚㖄➹ࢆ࣌ࣥᆺࡢ㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖᩥᏐࡀぢ࠼࡚࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ព࿡ࡢ⌮ゎࡀᅔ㞴࡞ᩥ࡟⨨ࡁ᥮࠼ࡓ㸪⣬➹ࢸࢫࢺឤぬࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ 2 ✀Ꮠゝㄒⓗ㞀ᐖ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪㡢ኌゝㄒࡢ⌮㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋ㻤㻡2009 ᖺ࡟୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ཬࡧ㔜ᗘࡢ⊂⮬㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢどㄆࢆጉࡆ࡞࠸≉ᚩࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍⯡࡟ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝ

࣮࢝ࣛ༳ๅࡣ㸪ࢩ࢔࣭࣐ࣥࢪ࢙ࣥࢱ࣭࢖࢚ࣟ

ၥ㢟ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ㸦Fujiyoshi et al., 2010; ⸨ⰾ࣮࣭ࣈࣛࢵࢡࡢ 4 Ⰽ࡛࡞ࡉࢀࡿࠋࢩ࢔࣭࣐ࣥ

௚, 2010㸧ࠋࡲࡓ㸪2010 ᖺ࡟ࡑࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝ࠿ࢪ࢙ࣥࢱ࣭࢖࢚࣮ࣟࡢ 3 ཎⰍ࡛ᩥᏐࡸᅗࢆ༳

ࡽ㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ཬࡧㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᩥᏐ

ๅࡋ㸪ࣈࣛࢵࢡ࡛ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ༳ๅࡍࢀࡤ㸪࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ㸦⸨ᩥᏐࡸᅗࡢ୰࡟ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ᭩ࡁධࢀࡿࡇ

ⰾ௚, 2011㸧ࠋ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪୍㠃࡟༳ๅࡍࡿ࡜⥙ ᮏ◊✲ࡣホ౯ᐇ㦂࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢⅬᏐၥ㢟᥃ࡅ㒊ศࡢࡼ࠺࡟⫼ᬒⰍ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ᩥᏐࡸᅗࡢ

෉Ꮚཬࡧ㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡲࡓࡣᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡢどㄆࢆጉࡆ࡞࠸ࠋ

⣬➹ࢸࢫࢺ࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪ࡇࡢ⣬➹ࢸࢫࢺឤぬࡢ
2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆᐇ⏝໬ࡍࢀࡤ㸪୰㏵ኻ᫂
⪅㸪㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ཬࡧㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡣࡶ࡜ࡼࡾ㸪ᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢཷ㦂⪅ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼ࡢཷ㦂ࡀ➼ࡋࡃྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜
ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠋ
 2 ⠇࡛⣬➹ࢸࢫࢺឤぬࡢ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢᴫせࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋ3 ⠇࡛ホ౯ᐇ㦂ࢆሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋ4 ⠇ࡣ⤖ㄽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ  ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟 㖄➹ࢆ࣌ࣥᆺࡢ㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟⨨ࡁ᥮

ᅗ 1 ࢢࣜࢵࢻ࢜ࣥࣉࢵࢺ®ࡢࢻࢵࢺࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ

࠼ࡓ⣬➹ࢸࢫࢺឤぬࡢࡇࡢ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ഃ࡛ぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࡀ㔜 ୍⯡࡟㸪ᩥ❶ࡣ㝵ᒙᵓ㐀ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࢆ᭷ࡋࡡ࡚༳ๅࡉࢀࡓၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡜㸪2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ࣭

࡚࠸ࡿࠋᩥ❶ࡣ㸪ẁⴠ࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ㸪ẁⴠࡣᩥ࣮ࣜࢲ௜ࡁࡢ㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࡢ 2 ࡘࢆ‽ഛ࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢሙྜ㸪ࡇࡢᩥ࡟ຍ

ࡋࡉ࠼ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ヨ㦂┘╩⪅ࡣᩍ♧ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛

࠼࡚㸪ୗ⥺㒊ࡸ✵ḍཬࡧᩘᘧ➼ࡶᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀࡜ᐜ᫆࡟ヨ㦂ࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ஦ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡍࡿࠋ ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡣ㸪 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡇࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀༢఩ࢆᩘᏐࡸⱥᏐࡲࡓࡣ⤮ᩥᏐ

 2005 ᖺ࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡓぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮

➼㸪㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡲࡓࡣⅬᏐࡢグྕ࡛⾲グࡋࡓᩥࢻ㸦ࢢࣜࢵࢻ࣐࣮ࢡ(ᰴ), 2011㸧࡟╔┠ࡋ㸪ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࠋ༳ๅ࡟ࡣ C830dn㸦(ᰴ)᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࢆ㛤ⓎἈࢹ࣮ࢱ㸧ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋࡋࡓ㸦⸨ⰾ௚, 2010; Fujiyoshi et al., 2010㸧ࠋ ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ 1 ࣮࣌ࢪ࡟ 1 ၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࢆ ぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ࡟ࡣ㸪ࢢࣜࢵࢻ࣭࢜

⾲グྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅗ 2 ࡟ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ࡢ౛ࢆ♧ࣥࣉࢵࢺ㸦ࢢࣜࢵࢻ࣐࣮ࢡ(ᰴ)㸧ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋࡍࠋ࣮࣌ࢪࡢୖ㒊࡟ࡣẁⴠ␒ྕࡸᩥཬࡧୗ⥺࡟ᅗ 1 ࡟ࢢࣜࢵࢻ࣭ࡢ࢜ࣥࣉࢵࢺᣑ኱ᅗࢆ♧ࡸᩘᘧཬࡧ✵ḍ➼㸪ၥ㢟ᩥࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡔࡅࢆࡍࠋ⣙ 0.25mm 㛫㝸ࡢᑠࡉ࡞Ⅼࡢ㓄ิ࡛㸪୍

グྕ࡛⾲グࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ୗ㒊࡟ࡣタၥ␒ྕࡸࡘࡢࢥ࣮ࢻࡣ 2mm ゅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋゎ⟅␒ྕཬࡧ㑅ᢥ⫥␒ྕ➼㸪タၥᩥࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ ぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࡣ₎Ꮠ௬ྡ஺ࡌࡾᩥ

㐀ࡔࡅࢆグྕ࡛⾲グࡍࡿࠋ➼㸪ၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡟㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ᩥᏐࡸᅗ ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡀ௵ពࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀グྕࢆ㡢ኌ㻤㻢IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࡢඛ➃ࡢࢥ࣮ࢻ࣭࣮ࣜࢲ࡛ࢱࢵࢳ

ࡢẁⴠ඲యࡀㄞࡳୖࡆࡿࠋẁⴠࡢ࡞࠿ࡢᩥ᭩

ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ࢥ࣮ࢻࡀㄞࡳྲྀࡽࢀ㸪ࡑࡢࢥ࣮ࢻ࡟

ᵓ㐀༢఩ࢆࢱࢵࢳࡍࢀࡤ㸪ᙜヱᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀༢఩ᑐᛂࡋࡓ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖෆⶶࡢ㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ෌

ࡢࡳࢆㄞࡳୖࡆࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪ᩥࢆࢱࢵࢳࡍࢀ

⏕ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡤࡑࡢᩥࡢࡳࢆ㸪ୗ⥺㒊ࢆࢱࢵࢳࡍࢀࡤࡑࡢ
ୗ⥺㒊ࡢࡳࢆ㸪✵ḍグྕࢆࢱࢵࢳࡍࢀࡤࡑࡢ
✵ḍࢆྵࡴᩥࡢࡳࢆ㸪ᩘᘧࢆࢱࢵࢳࡍࢀࡤࡑ
ࡢᩘᘧࡢࡳࢆㄞࡳୖࡆࡿࠋ

ᅗ 2 ᅜㄒࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ᅗ 3 ᅜㄒ 28 䝫䜲䞁䝖䛾䝬䝹䝏䝰䞊䝎䝹ၥ㢟෉Ꮚ ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡟ⅬᏐࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡍࢀࡤ୰㏵
ኻ᫂⪅⏝ࡢⅬᏐࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ࡶసᡂྍ⬟࡛࠶
ࡿࠋ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡶ㸪ࡓ࡜࠼ⅬᏐࡀㄞࡵ࡞ࡃ࡜ 㡢ኌ ,& ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࡶᣦ࡛ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀グྕࢆࡓ࡝ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ㡢ኌ࡛ၥ

 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ࣭࣮ࣜࢲ௜ࡁ㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ㢟ࢆ⬟ືⓗ࡟ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ࡟ࡣ㸪ࢫࣆ࣮࢟ࣥࢢ࣭࣌ࣥ㸦ࢢࣜࢵࢻ࣐࣮ࢡ(ᰴ)㸧ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋ࣌ࣥᆺࡢ⿦⨨ࡢඛ➃ࡢࢥ ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟࣮ࢻ࣭࣮ࣜࢲ࡛ࢥ࣮ࢻࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡿ࡜㸪ࡑࡢࢥ ࡇࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ◊✲㐣⛬࠿ࡽ࣮ࢻ࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓ㸪IC ࡟ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖෆⶶࡉࢀࡓ㡢2010 ᖺ࡟ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ෌⏕ࡉࢀࡿࠋ㡢ኌࡣ㸪ෆⶶࢫࣆ࣮

ࡀㄌ⏕ࡋࡓ㸦⸨ⰾ௚, 2011㸧ࠋ࢝ࡲࡓࡣ࢖ࣖࣇ࢛࡛ࣥ⪺ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡣ㸪 ෌⏕㡢㔞࡜ヰ㏿ᗘࡀㄪᩚྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢫࣆ

㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡲࡓࡣᣑ኱ᩥᏐࡢ₎Ꮠ௬ྡ஺ࡌࡾᩥ

࣮࢟ࣥࢢ࣭࣌ࣥ๓㠃࡟ࡣ㸪෌⏕࣭೵Ṇ࣎ࢱࣥ㸪ࡢၥ㢟෉Ꮚࢆᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀༢఩࡟༊ศࡋ㸪ぢ࠼࡞࣮ࣔࢻษࡾ᭰࠼࣎ࢱࣥ㸪ୖୗࡢㄪᩚ࣎ࢱࣥࡢ

࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ๭ࡾ௜ࡅ㸪㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡋ࡚

4 ࡘࡢ࣎ࢱࣥࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࣮ࣔࢻษࡾ᭰࠼࣎ࢱࣥ

సᡂࡍࡿࠋᅗ 3 ࡟ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲ

ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚㸪㡢㔞࡜ヰ㏿ᗘㄪᩚ࣮ࣔࢻࢆษࡾ

ࣝၥ㢟ࡢ౛ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ᭰࠼ࡿࠋ㡢㔞࣮ࣔࢻ࡛ୖୗࡢㄪᩚ࣎ࢱࣥࢆᢲ ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡣᩥ᭩ᵓࡏࡤ㸪㡢㔞ࢆㄪᩚ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ヰ㏿ᗘㄪᩚ㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟࡜ྠᵝ㸪㡢࣮ࣔࢻ࡛ୖୗࡢㄪᩚ࣎ࢱࣥࢆᢲࡏࡤ㸪ヰ㏿ᗘ

ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖࡛ࣖၥ㢟ࡢ௵ពࡢ₎Ꮠ௬ྡ஺ࡌ

ࢆษࡾ᭰࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋヰ㏿ᗘࢆษࡾ᭰

ࡾᩥࢆࢲ࢖ࣞࢡࢺ࡟ࢱࢵࢳࡍࢀࡤᙜヱ⟠ᡤࡢ࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵ 0.75 ಸ㏿㸪1 ಸ㏿㸪ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡢ㡢ኌࡀ༶ᗙ࡟෌⏕ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪

1.5 ಸ㏿㸪2 ಸ㏿㸪2.5 ಸ㏿➼㸪ヰ㏿ᗘࢆㄪᩚၥ㢟ᩥࢆẁⴠ༢఩࡟ㄞࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡋࡓ㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟ෆⶶࡉࡏ࡚

ྛẁⴠࡢඛ㢌ࡢẁⴠ␒ྕࢆࢱࢵࢳࡍࢀࡤ㸪ࡑ࠾ࡁ㸪ヰ㏿ᗘࢆษࡾ᭰࠼ࡿࠋ㡢ኌࢆṆࡵࡓ࠸㻤㻣ሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪෌⏕࣭೵Ṇ࣎ࢱࣥࢆᢲࡍࠋ

Dyslexia Association)ࡢ Dyslexia Handbook 㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ IC ࡟ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖෆⶶࡉࡏࡿࠋㄞ Ꮠ 㞀 ᐖ ࡢ ุ ᐃ ᇶ ‽ 㸦 British Dyslexia⫗ኌࡢ㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ㸪ࣉࣞࢡࢫࢺ࣮ࢡ࣭ࣞࢥ

Association , 2001㸧࡟ࡼࡾ㔜ᗘ㸪㍍ᗘ㸪ࡑࡢ࣮ࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ࣭ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔ PRS ࣉࣟ㸦ࢩࢼ

௚㍍ᗘࡢุᐃᇶ‽࡟ࡣヱᙜࡋ࡞࠸ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࢆࣀࢣࣥࢩ(ᰴ)㸧ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚㸪㡢ኌࢆࣃࢯࢥࣥ

᭷ࡍࡿ⪅ࡢ 3 ẁ㝵࡟኱ูࡋࡓࠋ9 ྡ୰㸪㔜ᗘ࡛ࢹࢪࢱࣝ㘓㡢ࡋ㸪⦅㞟ࡋ࡚సᡂࡍࡿࠋྜᡂ

ࡀ 1 ྡ㸪㍍ᗘࡀ 5 ྡ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡀ 3 ྡ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

㡢ኌࡣၥ㢟ᩥࡢࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࣭ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ࣎࢖ࢫ࣭ ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢせᅉࡣ㸪ᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟ࢯ࣒࢚࣭ࣜࢿ࢜㸦᪥❧ࣅࢪࢿࢫࢯ࣮ࣜࣗࢩࣙ

࡜ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ཬࡧᩥ᭩

ࣥ(ᰴ)㸧࡛ኚ᥮ࡋ࡚సᡂࡍࡿࠋ

ᵓ㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢ 3 ✀㢮࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌࡟ᑐࡍࡿᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟 ホ౯ᐇ㦂ཬࡧᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡢ ᐇ㦂┠ⓗᩥᏐࢧ࢖ࢬ࡜෉Ꮚࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡣ㸪10.5 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ ᚑ᮶ࡢⅬᏐၥ㢟࡜㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡲࡓࡣᣑ኱ᩥᏐ

A4㸪14 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ A4㸪20 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ A3㸪28ၥ㢟࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪ࡇࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐࣏ࣝ࢖ࣥࢺ A3 ࡢ 4 ✀㢮࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ࠿ࡽ㸪ࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ཬࡧᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔ

⿕㦂⪅࡟᭱㐺࡞⪅ࢆ㑅ᢥࡋ࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓࠋᩥ᭩

ࢲࣝၥ㢟ࢆᐇ⏝໬ࡍࢀࡤ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅㸪㔜ᗘࡢᵓ㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡣᙅど⪅ཬࡧㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡣࡶ࡜ࡼࡾᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟

20 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ B4 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢཷ㦂⪅ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂 ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡟ᑐࡍࡿᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟ཬ➼ࡢཷ㦂ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠋ

ࡧᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡣ 14 ࣏ࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪ⅬᏐၥ㢟㸪ᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟㸪ᩥ᭩ᵓ࢖ࣥࢺ A4 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝ㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟㸪ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡣᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜ྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ཬࡧ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡢ ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ཬࡧᩥ᭩ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢせᅉࡀ㸪ᚓⅬཬࡧゎ⟅㏿ᵓ㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢ㡢ኌࡣ㸪ᗘ࡟ཬࡰࡍຠᯝࢆศᯒࡍࡿࠋ

⫗ኌ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㡢ኌࡢ෌⏕ヰ㏿ᗘࡣ㸪㡢⛬ࢆ᭰࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃ㸪ᮁㄞ᫬ࡢ 1 ಸ㏿㸪1.5 ಸ㏿㸪2 ᐇ㦂᪉ἲಸ㏿ࡢ 3 ẁ㝵࡟㸪⿕㦂⪅ࡀ௵ព࡟ษࡾ᭰࠼ྍ

㸦1㸧ᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢᐇ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ၥ㢟ࡢせᅉࡣ㸪኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡛◊✲୰㦂ィ⏬
 ᐇ㦂ィ⏬ࡣ㸪⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡢ࠶ࡿ 33 ࡢࢢࣞࡢ㸪ᇶ♏Ꮫຊホ౯ࡢࡓࡵࡢᅜㄒ࣭ⱥㄒ࣭ᩘᏛ

ࢥ࣭ࣛࢸࣥ᪉᱁ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⾲ 1 ࡟ᅜㄒ࣭ⱥㄒ࣭

ࡢ 3 ᩍ⛉࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍ⛉ู࡟ 3 ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕

ᩘᏛ 3 ᩍ⛉ඹ㏻ࡢᐇ㦂ィ⏬ࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ࢔࡜ࡶ㸪ၥ㢟 1࣭ၥ㢟 2࣭ၥ㢟 3 ࡢ 3 ࢭࢵࢺ ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢせᅉࡣ㸪ᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣ㸪1 ⩌ࡎࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋၥ㢟ࢭࢵࢺูၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩㔞㸪౑

3 ྡࡎࡘࡢ 3 ⩌㸪ィ 9 ྡࡢᙅど㧗ᰯ⏕㸦୍㒊⏝ࡍࡿ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻᩘཬࡧ㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱᩘ㸪ᮁ༞ᴗ⏕ࢆྵࡴ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋⰋ࠸᪉ࡢ┠ࡢ▹ṇどㄞ᫬㛫㸪1 ಸ㏿ࡢヰ㏿ᗘࢆ⾲ 2 ࡟♧ࡍࠋᅜㄒຊࡢ⛬ᗘࡣ 0.01㹼0.5㸪୰ኸ್ࡣ 0.08 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡜ⱥㄒࡣከ⫥㑅ᢥၥ㢟ࡢᩥ❶㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩘᏛ ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣ㸪
1 ⩌ 3 ྡࡎࡘࡢ 3 ⩌㸪ࡣᩘ್ゎ⟅ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋィ 9 ྡࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⿕㦂⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ㄞ
㸦2㸧ⅬᏐ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢᐇ㦂ィᏐ㞀ᐖࡢ㧗ᰯ⏕ࢆເ㞟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡗ⏬

ࡓࡓࡵ㸪⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ 1 ྡࡢ㧗ᰯ⏕௨እࡣᡂே ᐇ㦂ィ⏬ࡣ㸪ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢせᅉࢆ㝖࡛࠶ࡿࠋㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡢ⛬ᗘࡣ㸪BDA(British㻤㻤ࡁ㸪⾲ 1 ࡢᐇ㦂ィ⏬࡜ྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ḟ࡟㸪ᚓⅬศᕸࢆࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔㛫࡛ẚ ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢせᅉࡣ㸪ⅬᏐ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣ 1 ⩌ 5㍑ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪⿕㦂⪅⩌ู㸪ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔

ྡࡎࡘࡢ 3 ⩌㸪ィ 15 ྡࡢどぬ≉ูᨭ᥼Ꮫᰯ

ูᚓⅬศᕸࡢ⟽ࡦࡆᅗࢆᅗ 4㸦1㸧㹼㸦3㸧࡟ࡢ㧗ᰯ⏕㸦୍㒊༞ᴗ⏕ࢆྵࡴ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ೺ᖖ

♧ࡍࠋ⟽ࡦࡆᅗࡢ㡰ᗎࡣ୰ኸ್ࡢ኱ࡁ࠸㡰࡛⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣ 1 ⩌ 7 ྡࡎࡘࡢ 3 ⩌㸪ィ 21 ྡࡢ࠶ࡿࠋࠕ᳨ᐃ⤖ᯝࠖࡢ⦪⥺ࡣ㸪ࢩࢵࣇ࢙ࡢከ㔜೺ᖖ㧗ᰯ⏕࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ẚ㍑ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢᚓⅬ㛫࡟᭷ ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢせᅉࡣ 3 Ỉ‽࡛࠶ࡿࠋពᕪࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ

⾲ 1 ࡢᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟ࢆ㸪ⅬᏐ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣⅬᏐ ࠕ᳨ᐃ⤖ᯝࠖ࡟ぢࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ၥ㢟࡟㸪೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟㸦10.5

ࡢⱥㄒࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟࡜ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ A4㸧࡟ᕪࡋ᭰࠼ࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᩥᏐ࡜࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢᚓⅬ㛫ࢆ౛እ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡣ୧⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜ࡶྛ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢᚓⅬ㛫࡟ࡣྜᡂ㡢ኌࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲ

ࡍ࡭࡚᭷ពᕪࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲ

ࣝၥ㢟࡟ᕪࡋ᭰࠼ࡓࠋᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࡓ㸪ྛ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜ࡶࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔㛫࡟ 3ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡣ㸪⾲ 1 ࡜ྠᵝ㸪⫗ኌࡢᩥᩍ⛉࡟ඹ㏻ࡋ࡚࡯ࡰ୍ᐃࡢഴྥࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ

᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⅬᏐ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ 3 ᩍ⛉ࡢⅬᏐၥ㢟࡜ᩥ᭩ᵓ ၥ㢟ࡢせᅉࡣㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ཬࡧᙅど⿕㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢᚓⅬࡣ࡯㦂⪅⩌࡜ྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡰྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪᭷ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ ᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ 3 ᩍ⛉ࡢᚓⅬࡣ㸪㧗࠸᪉࠿㸦3㸧ᐇ㦂ᡭ⥆ࡁࡽᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟㸪ᣑ኱ᩥ ᐇ㦂ᡭ⥆ࡁࡣヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆไ㝈ࡋ࡞࠸సᴗไ

Ꮠၥ㢟㸪ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝ

㝈ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ၥ㢟ࡢ㡰࡟ⱝᖸపࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪᭷ពᕪࡣࡍ࡭࡚ㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ 3 ᩍ⛉ࡢᚓⅬࡣ㸪㧗࠸

㸦1㸧ᚓⅬศᕸ

᪉࠿ࡽᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟㸪ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳࣔ

 ᚓⅬ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⿕㦂⪅⩌㸪ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔㸪࣮ࢲࣝၥ㢟㸪ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔ

ၥ㢟㸪ฟ㢟㡰ᗎࡢ 4 せᅉࡢཬࡰࡍຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢ㡰࡟ⱝᖸపࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪᭷ពࡍࡿࡓࡵ⿕㦂⪅⩌ู࡟㸪ᩍ⛉ู࡟ศᩓศᯒࢆ

ᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢᅜㄒ࡜ᩘᏛࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟 ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢせᅉࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ㸪ⱥㄒ࡜ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢᚓⅬࡣྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡢ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡔࡅࡀ၏୍᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

᭷ពᕪࡶㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ⱥㄒࡢᩥ᭩ ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢせᅉࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ㸪ᅜㄒࡣࡍ࡭࡚

ᵓ㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢᚓⅬࡀࡢ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜ࡶ᭷ព࡛࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋⱥㄒࡣᙅど㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡼࡾࡶ࠿࡞ࡾపࡃ㸪၏୍᭷ពᕪ

⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᩘ

ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋᏛࡣᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡔࡅࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࣐࣭ࣥ࣍࢖ࢵࢺࢽ࣮ࡢ᳨ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪4 ࡘࡢ ၥ㢟ࡢせᅉࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ㸪ᅜㄒࡀⅬᏐ⿕㦂⪅⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢᏛ⩦฿㐩ᗘࡣ࡯ࡰྠᵝ࡜㐣⛬ྍ⬟⩌௨እࡢ 3 ࡘࡢ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋⱥ

࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡓࠋⅬᏐ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢㄒࡣ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡔࡅࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᩘᏛ

ⅬᏐၥ㢟㸪ᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟㸪ㄞࡣㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌௨እࡣ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

Ꮠ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟㸪೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅ 㡰ᗎࡢせᅉࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ၏୍ᩘᏛࡢ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡢᚓⅬ㛫࡟ 3 ᩍ⛉࡜ࡶࡍ࡭⪅⩌ࡔࡅࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

࡚᭷ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㻤㻥

どぬ㞀ᐖ㻌㻌 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌

᳨ᐃ⤖ᯝ

᳨ᐃ⤖ᯝ

どぬ㞀ᐖ㻌
㻌 ⅬᏐ㻌

㻌 ⅬᏐ㻌

㻌 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌ᙅど㻌㻌 䝬䝹䝏䝰䞊䝎䝹㻌ᙅど㻌㻌 䝬䝹䝏䝰䞊䝎䝹㻌㻌 ᣑ኱ᩥᏐ෉Ꮚ㻌㻌 ᣑ኱ᩥᏐ෉Ꮚ㻌㻌 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌㻌 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ㻌㻌 ᣑ኱ᩥᏐ෉Ꮚ㻌ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ㻌㻌 ᣑ኱ᩥᏐ෉Ꮚ㻌㻌 䝬䝹䝏䝰䞊䝎䝹㻌㻌 䝬䝹䝏䝰䞊䝎䝹㻌㻌 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌㻌 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌೺ᖖ㻌㻌 ㏻ᖖᩥᏐ㻌೺ᖖ㻌㻌 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌㻌 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌

㻌 ㏻ᖖᩥᏐ㻌0      50     100
㸦Ⅼ㸧

0      50     100
㸦Ⅼ㸧

ᅗ 㻠䠄㻝䠅㻌 ᅜㄒ䛾䝔䝇䝖䞉䝯䝕䜱䜰ูᚓⅬศᕸ䛾⟽䜂䛢ᅗ䛸 㻿㼏㼔㼑㼒㼒㼑 䛾ከ㔜ẚ㍑㻌

ᅗ 㻠䠄㻟䠅㻌 ᩘᏛ䛾䝔䝇䝖䞉䝯䝕䜱䜰ูᚓⅬศᕸ䛾⟽䜂䛢ᅗ䛸 㻿㼏㼔㼑㼒㼒㼑 䛾ከ㔜ẚ㍑㻌
 ࡲࡓ㸪೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟࡜㞀ᐖ

どぬ㞀ᐖ㻌
㻌 ⅬᏐ㻌

⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢྛࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢᚓⅬ㛫࡟ 3᳨ᐃ⤖ᯝᩍ⛉࡜ࡶ᭷ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ၏୍ࡢ㻌 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌

᭷ពᕪࡣⱥㄒࡢ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟ᙅど㻌㻌 䝬䝹䝏䝰䞊䝎䝹㻌࡜ᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ
࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢᚓⅬ㛫࡟ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࡔࡅ࡛࠶㻌 ᣑ኱ᩥᏐ෉Ꮚ㻌ࡗࡓࠋ㻌 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌

㸦2㸧ゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢศᕸㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ㻌㻌 ᣑ኱ᩥᏐ෉Ꮚ㻌 ゎ⟅㏿ᗘ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ 4 せᅉࡢཬࡰࡍຠᯝࢆ᳨㻌 䝬䝹䝏䝰䞊䝎䝹㻌ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪⿕㦂⪅⩌ู࡟㸪ᩍ⛉ู࡟ศᩓศ㻌 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌

ᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡣ㸪⾲ 2 ࡢᩥ᭩㔞㸦ᩥᏐᩘ㸧ࢆྛ⿕㦂⪅ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫࡛๭ࡗ࡚㸪೺ᖖ㻌㻌 ㏻ᖖᩥᏐ㻌༢఩᫬㛫ᙜࡓࡾ࡟ฎ⌮ྍ⬟࡞ᩥ᭩㔞࡜ࡋ࡚⟬㻌 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌

ฟࡋࡓࠋ ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢせᅉࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ㸪ᅜㄒ0      50     100
㸦Ⅼ㸧

ࡣⅬᏐ⿕㦂⪅⩌௨እࡢ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣࡍ࡭࡚᭷ព
࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋⱥㄒࡣ 4 ࡘࡢ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜ࡶࡍ࡭࡚ᅗ 㻠䠄㻞䠅㻌 ⱥㄒ䛾䝔䝇䝖䞉䝯䝕䜱䜰ูᚓⅬศᕸ䛾⟽䜂䛢ᅗ䛸 㻿㼏㼔㼑㼒㼒㼑 䛾ከ㔜ẚ㍑㻌

᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᩘᏛࡣ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢࡳࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢせᅉࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ㸪ᅜㄒࡣ㸪ⅬᏐ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

㻥㻜ⱥㄒࡣ㸪ᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡔࡅࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ᩘᏛࡣㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡔࡅࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ၥ㢟ࡢせᅉࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ㸪ᅜㄒࡣⅬᏐ⿕㦂⪅

どぬ㞀ᐖ㻌
㻌 ⅬᏐ㻌

⩌࡜೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋⱥㄒ࡜ᩘ㻌 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌

Ꮫࡣࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡛᭷ព࡛࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋᙅど㻌㻌 ᣑ኱ᩥᏐ෉Ꮚ㻌 㡰ᗎࡢせᅉࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ㸪ᅜㄒࡢⅬᏐ⿕㦂⪅᳨ᐃ⤖ᯝ㻌 䝬䝹䝏䝰䞊䝎䝹㻌⩌㸪ⱥㄒࡢ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌㸪ᩘᏛࡢᙅど⿕㦂⪅㻌 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌

⩌ࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ḟ࡟㸪ゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢศᕸࢆࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ㻌㻌 ᣑ኱ᩥᏐ෉Ꮚ㻌㛫࡛ẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ูゎ⟅㻌 䝬䝹䝏䝰䞊䝎䝹㻌㏿ᗘࡢศᕸࡢ⟽ࡦࡆᅗཬࡧࢩࢵࣇ࢙ࡢࢸࢫ㻌 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌

ࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔㛫ࡢከ㔜ẚ㍑⤖ᯝࢆᅗ 5㸦1㸧㹼೺ᖖ㻌
㻌 ㏻ᖖᩥᏐ㻌㸦3㸧࡟♧ࡍࠋ㻌 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌 ࠕ᳨ᐃ⤖ᯝࠖ࡟ぢࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ
࢕࢔ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢศᕸ㛫࡟ࡣ 3 ᩍ⛉࡟ඹ㏻ࡋ

0    ࡚ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡣ௚ࡢࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟㐜࠸ࡇ࡜

375     750
㸦ᩥᏐ/ศ㸧ᅗ 㻡䠄㻝䠅㻌 ᅜㄒ䛾䝔䝇䝖䞉䝯䝕䜱䜰ูゎ⟅㏿ᗘ䛾ศᕸ䛾⟽䜂䛢ᅗ䛸 㻿㼏㼔㼑㼒㼒㼑 䛾ከ㔜ẚ㍑

ࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡓࠋ
 ⅬᏐ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣ㸪ⅬᏐၥ㢟࡜ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡣ㸪ᅜㄒ࡜ᩘᏛࡣྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪᭷ពᕪࡶㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞
࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ⱥㄒࡣ㸪ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌ

どぬ㞀ᐖ㻌
㻌 ⅬᏐ㻌

ࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢἲࡀⅬᏐၥ㢟ࡼࡾࡶ㻌 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌

᭷ព࡟㐜࠿ࡗࡓࠋᙅど㻌㻌 ᣑ኱ᩥᏐ෉Ꮚ㻌 ᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡣ㸪ᅜㄒ࡜ⱥㄒࡣ᳨ᐃ⤖ᯝ㻌 䝬䝹䝏䝰䞊䝎䝹㻌ྠᵝ࡟㸪ᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟࡜ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ㻌 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌

࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡣ࡯ࡰྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪᭷ពᕪࡶㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᩥ᭩ᵓㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ㻌㻌 ᣑ኱ᩥᏐ෉Ꮚ㻌㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡣ௚ࡢࢸࢫ㻌 䝬䝹䝏䝰䞊䝎䝹㻌ࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟㐜࠿ࡗࡓࠋᩘᏛࡣ㻌 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌

ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘ㛫࡟᭷ពᕪࡣㄆ೺ᖖ㻌㻌 ㏻ᖖᩥᏐ㻌ࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㻌 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌 ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡣ㸪ᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜ྠᵝ㸪ᅜㄒ࡜ⱥㄒࡣ㸪ᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟࡜0    ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡣ࡯ࡰྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪᭷ពᕪࡶㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗ

375

   750
㸦ᩥᏐ/ศ㸧ᅗ 㻡䠄㻞䠅㻌 ⱥㄒ䛾䝔䝇䝖䞉䝯䝕䜱䜰ูゎ⟅㏿ᗘ䛾ศᕸ䛾⟽䜂䛢ᅗ䛸 㻿㼏㼔㼑㼒㼒㼑 䛾ከ㔜ẚ㍑

ࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔ
ࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡣ௚ࡢࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព
࡟㐜࠿ࡗࡓࠋᩘᏛࡣࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢹ࢕࢔㛫࡟᭷ពࡉࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㻥㻝ᡤせ᫬㛫ࡢಸ⋡ࢆ㸪ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃ್
࡜ࡍࡿࠋ

᳨ᐃ⤖ᯝ

どぬ㞀ᐖ㻌
㻌 ⅬᏐ㻌

 ࡶࡋࡇࡢヨ㦂ࢆࣃ࣮࣭࣡ࢸࢫࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ᪋㻌 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌

ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿヨ㦂᫬ᙅど㻌㻌 䝬䝹䝏䝰䞊䝎䝹㻌㛫ࡣ㸪೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ࡀ 80㸣ࡢ᫬ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫࡜࡞ࡿࠋ㻌 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌 ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㻌 ᣑ኱ᩥᏐ෉Ꮚ㻌㛫ࡢୖࣄࣥࢪࡣ㸪ゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ 75㸣ࡢ᫬ࡢゎ⟅ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ㻌㻌 ᣑ኱ᩥᏐ෉Ꮚ㻌ᡤせ᫬㛫࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣃ࣮࣭࣡ࢸࢫࢺ࡟㏆࠸ゎ⟅㻌 䝬䝹䝏䝰䞊䝎䝹㻌⤊஢⋡ 75㸣ࡢ᫬ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࢆ೺ᖖཷ㦂㻌 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌

⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿヨ㦂᫬㛫࡜௬࡟ࡍࡿ࡜㸪㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡣ㸪೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌೺ᖖ㻌㻌 ㏻ᖖᩥᏐ㻌

ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࡢୖࣄࣥࢪ࡟㻌 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌

ᑐࡍࡿ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࡢୖࣄࣥ0    ࢪࡢಸ⋡࡜࡞ࡿࠋ

100    200
㸦ᩥᏐ/ศ㸧

 ⅬᏐၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ᅜㄒࡀ 3.0 ಸ㸪ⱥㄒࡀ 3.7 ಸ㸪ᩘᏛࡀ 1.6 ಸ࡜࡞ࡿࠋᅗ 㻡䠄㻟䠅㻌 ᩘᏛ䛾䝔䝇䝖䞉䝯䝕䜱䜰ูゎ⟅㏿ᗘ䛾ศᕸ䛾⟽䜂䛢ᅗ䛸 㻿㼏㼔㼑㼒㼒㼑 䛾ከ㔜ẚ㍑

 ᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ᅜㄒࡀ 2.0 ಸ࡜ 1.9 ಸ㸪ⱥㄒࡀ 2.2

 ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣ㸪3 ᩍ⛉ඹ㏻ࡋ࡚㏻ᖖᩥᏐ

ಸ࡜ 2.0 ಸ㸪ᩘᏛࡀ 1.6 ಸ࡜ 1.4 ಸ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ

ၥ㢟ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡣᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ ᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢᩥᏐ࡜࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟㠀ᖖ࡟㏿࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ᅜㄒࡀ 2.1 ಸㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ

࡜ 2.7 ಸ㸪ⱥㄒࡀ 2.0 ಸ࡜ 2.2 ಸ㸪ᩘᏛࡀ 1.4

 ࣐࣭ࣥ࣍࢖ࢵࢺࢽ࣮ࡢ᳨ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪㏿࠸࡯

ಸ࡜ 1.4 ಸ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ

࠺࠿ࡽ㡰࡟೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟㸪ᙅ ⅬᏐ⿕㦂⪅⩌࣭ᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌࣭ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⿕ど⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ

㦂⪅⩌࣭೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࡢ㢟ཬࡧⅬᏐ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢⅬᏐၥ㢟ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡣ㸪࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ᅜㄒࡀ 3.7 ಸ࣭3.2

3 ᩍ⛉࡜ࡶඹ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡍ࡭࡚᭷ព࡟㏿࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀಸ࣭4.6 ಸ࣭2.9 ಸ㸪ⱥㄒࡀ 4.8 ಸ࣭4.9 ಸ࣭

ぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡓࠋ

6.1 ಸ࣭3.3 ಸ㸪ᩘᏛࡀ 1.5 ಸ࣭1.6 ಸ࣭2.0
ಸ࣭1.3 ಸ࡜᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ

㸦3㸧ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃ 㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃ ⪃ᐹἲ ࡀ ᥦ ᱌ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦 Fujiyoshi and ホ౯ᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢⅬᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚཬࡧ

Fujiyoshi, 2003㸧ࠋ㏻ᖖࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ไ㝈ෆ࡟

㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡲࡓࡣᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅⩌ࡀ฿㐩ࡍࡿ㸪ゎ⟅⤊஢⋡ࡲࡓࡣࡇࡢ⣬➹ࢸࢫࢺឤぬࡢ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆᐇ

ᚓⅬ཰ᚓ⋡࡟㸪㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅⩌ࡶ฿㐩ࡍࡿࡲ࡛⏝໬ࡍࢀࡤ㸪୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅㸪㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ཬࡧࡣ㸪㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅⩌࡟ࡶ➼ࡋࡃゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࢆㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡣࡶ࡜ࡼࡾ㸪ᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ಖ㞀ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢゎ⟅⤊஢ࡍࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢཷ㦂⪅ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼ࡢཷ㦂⋡ࡲࡓࡣᚓⅬ཰ᚓ⋡࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㸪೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅⩌ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡓࠋ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅ࡢᏛ⩦฿㐩ᗘࡀྠᵝ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆไ㻥㻞㝈ࡋ࡞࠸᮲௳ୗ࡛ࡣᅜㄒ࣭ⱥㄒ࣭ᩘᏛࡢ 3 ᩍ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ཬࡧᩥ⛉࡜ࡶ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢⅬᏐၥ㢟㸪ᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ

Ꮠ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࢆᐇ⏝໬࡛ࡁ㢟㸪ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ཬࡧᩥࢀࡤ㸪୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅㸪㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ཬࡧㄞᏐ㞀᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡣ㸪೺ᐖ⪅ࡣࡶ࡜ࡼࡾᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡍ࡭

ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟࡜ྠᵝ࡞ᚓⅬࢆ཰࡚ࡢཷ㦂⪅ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼ࡢཷ㦂ࡀྍ⬟࡜ᚓྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡓࠋ

࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡓࡔ༢࡟ࡑ ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࢆ㐺ṇ໬ࡍࢀࡤ㸪㞀ᐖཷ㦂ࢀࡔࡅ࡟ࡣ␃ࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠋึ➼࣭୰➼ᩍ⫱ẁ㝵⪅ࡶ೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅࡜බᖹ࡟ཷ㦂ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ☜ࡢᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢඣ❺࣭⏕࠿࡟㸪೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡢゎ⟅㏿ᚐ࡟㸪೺ᖖඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡜ྠᵝ㸪኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫࡢ┠ᗘࡣ᭷ព࡟㏿࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍᶆࢆ୚࠼㸪Ꮫ⩦ពḧࢆႏ㉳ࡋ㸪㞀ᐖඣ❺࣭⏕ࡿබᖹ࡞ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࢀࡤ

ᚐࡢᏛຊಖᣢ࡟㈉⊩ࡍࡿ⪅࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸦Fujiyoshi and Fujiyoshi, 2003㸧㸪බᖹ࠿ࡘ ホ౯ᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ࡇࡢ⣬➹ࢸࢫࢺឤぬࡢ 2㐺ษ࡞ヨ㦂ࡢᐇ᪋ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼㸪ヨ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡣ㸪೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅࡜බᖹ࡟ᐇ᪋

㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃ್ࡀ೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅ࡢ 2.5 ಸྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡓࠋ

࡞࠸ࡋ 3 ಸࢆ㉸࠼ࡿሙྜࡶၥ㢟ฟ㢟ᑅࢆ㐺ṇ ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆ౑⏝ࡍࢀࡤ㸪୰㏵ኻ

໬ࡍࢀࡤヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ᫂⪅࡜㔜ᗘࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼ࡢ ᚑ᮶ཷ㦂ࢆㅉࡵࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ୰㏵ኻ᫂ཷ㦂ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼㸪ⅬᏐࡸᩥᏐࡀ࡯

⪅㸪≉࡟㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ཬࡧ㔜ᗘࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅࡜ࢇ࡝ㄞࡵ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ࡢ⾜㢌ࢆୖ࠿ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼ࡢཷ㦂ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛

ࡽୗ࡟㡰ࠎ࡟㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖࡛ࣖࢱࢵࢳࡋ࡚

࠶ࡗࡓࠋ☜࠿࡟㸪௒ᅇࡢᐇ㦂࡛ࡣ㐍Ꮫヱᙜᖺ࠸ࡅࡤၥ㢟ࢆ㡢ኌ࡛ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ㱋ᒙࡢ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅㸪≉࡟㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ཬࡧ㔜ࡲࡓ⾜㢌௨እࡢ௵ពࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀グྕࢆࢱࢵࢳ

ᗘࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ⿕㦂⪅ᩘࡀࡁࢃࡵ࡚ᑡ࡞࠿

ࡍࢀࡤᙜヱ⟠ᡤࢆ㡢ኌ࡛⬟ືⓗ࡟ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀ

ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪4 ࡘࡢ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜ࡶၥ㢟ࡢ₎

ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ஦ᐇ㸪ⅬᏐࢆ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ㄞࡵ࡞࠸

Ꮠ௬ྡ஺ࡌࡾᩥࢆㄞࡲ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡜

୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡶゎ⟅ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ⅬᏐၥ㢟 ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࢆ౑⏝ࡍ

ཬࡧ㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡲࡓࡣᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟࡜ྠᵝ࡞ᚓࢀࡤ㸪㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ཬࡧㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ

Ⅼࢆ཰ᚓྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

㞀ᐖࡢ⛬ᗘ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚㸪ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ஧ࡘࡢࣔ ௒ᅇ㸪㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟㡢ኌࡢ෌⏕ヰ㏿ࢲࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚㸪ၥ㢟ࢆ⬟ືⓗ࡟ຠᗘࢆㄪᩚᶵ⬟ࡀᐇ⿦ࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵ㸪ゎ⟅࡟⩦⇍⋡ࡼࡃㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡍࢀࡤヰ㏿ᗘㄪᩚᶵ⬟ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚ࡼࡾ⬟ືⓗ ࡇࡢ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡣヨ㦂ᐇ᪋࡜ࢭ࢟ࣗ

࡟ゎ⟅࡛ࡁࡿ⪅࡜ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ

ࣜࢸ࢕⟶⌮ࡀᐜ࡛᫆࠶ࡿࠋၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡜㡢ኌ IC

 ࡇࡢ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡣపࢥࢫࢺ࡛సᡂྍ

ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࡢ 2 ࡘࢆ‽ഛࡋࡉ࠼ࡍࢀࡤヨ㦂┘╩⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୧ၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡢゎᯒ⪅ࡣᩍ♧ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛ᐜ᫆࡟ヨ㦂ࢆᐇ᪋ྍ⬟࡛

࡜ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࡢ๭ࡾ௜ࡅཬࡧ㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ

࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ഃ࡛ၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡜㡢ኌ IC

సᡂࡀඹ㏻໬࡛ࡁࡿࠋ㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࡶ 1ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࢆ‽ഛࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕⟶⌮ᮏ 3 ༓෇⛬ᗘࡢపࢥࢫࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡀᐜ࡛᫆࠶ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟୙
ලྜࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ணഛࡢ⪅࡟ྲྀࡾ᭰࠼ࡿࡔ ⤖ㄽࡅ࡛ヨ㦂ࢆ⥅⥆ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ ୍᪉㸪ࢱࣈࣞࢵࢺ࣭ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ➼㸪ࣃࢯ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ᐊ࡛㛤Ⓨ୰ࡢ㸪ᩥࢥࣥ⏬㠃ㄞࡳୖࡆ᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌฟ㢟ࡣ㸪ヨ㦂ᐇ㻥㻟᪋࡜ࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕⟶⌮ࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㞀ᐖ⪅

Universityࡣ᪥㡭౑࠸័ࢀࡓࣃࢯࢥࣥ౑⏝ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

Miesenberger et al. (eds.), ICCHP 2006,

ࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪ヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ഃ࡛↓⥺ LAN ࡢ౑⏝➼㸪

LNCS4061, Springer-Verlag: 801-808.

୙ṇ⾜Ⅽࢆ㜵Ṇࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕ࢯ

⸨ⰾ ⾨࣭⸨ⰾ᫂⏕࣭⃝ᓮ㝧ᙪ (2006). ኱Ꮫࣇࢺࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚㸪஦๓࡟ཷ㦂⪅࠿ࡽࣃࢯࢥࣥ

ධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ

ࢆ㡸࠿ࡾ㸪࢖ࣥࢫࢺ࣮ࣝࡋ࡚࠾࠿ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞

࢖ࣥ㸫Ꮫ⩦㞀ᐖ⪅࡜୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡢཷ㦂࠸ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ཷ㦂୰ࡶ୙ṇ⾜Ⅽࡢ┘どࡀồࡵࡽࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࢹࢪࢱࣝ㡢ኌၥ㢟ฟ㢟ࢩࢀࡿࠋࡶࡋࣃࢯࢥࣥ࡟୙ලྜࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ࢫࢸ࣒ࡢホ౯㸫ࠕ኱Ꮫධヨ◊✲ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼヨ㦂᫬㛫ෆ࡟᚟ᪧࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣝࠖ, 17, 57-64.

Admissions”,

inK.

 ௒ᚋ㸪ྂᩥࡸ₎ᩥཬࡧᩘᘧ➼ࡢᮁㄞἲ㸪⫗⸨ⰾ ⾨࣭⸨ⰾ᫂⏕࣭㟷ᯇ฼᫂ (2010). 㔜ᗘኌ࡟᭰࠼࡚ྜᡂ㡢ኌࡢ฼⏝ࡢྍ⬟ᛶ㸪ᩍ⛉࣭ࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ཬࡧ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡢཷ㦂ࢆ⛉┠ูၥ㢟సᡂᡭᘬࡁ᭩ࡢ㛤Ⓨ㸪ၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡜ྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࡢసᡂసᴗࡢ⮬ື໬➼㸪ࡇࡢ 2 ✀ࡢ㛤Ⓨ, ࠕ኱Ꮫධヨ◊✲ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝࠖ, 20,㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ㉁ࡢྥୖ࡜సᡂసᴗࡢྜ⌮໬

131-138.

ཬࡧࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕ࡢྥୖ࡜኱ᖜ࡞ࢥࢫࢺ๐ῶ

Fujiyoshi, M., Fujiyoshi, A., Aomatsu T.

࡟どࡍࡿࡓࡵ◊✲㛤Ⓨࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࠋ3 ࢝ᖺᚋࢆ(2010) “New Testing Method for the┠㏵࡟ᐇ⏝໬ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ

Dyslexic and the Newly Blind with aDigital Audio Player and Documentཧ⪃ᩥ⊩Structure Diagrams”, in K. Miesenberger

Fujiyoshi, M. and Fujiyoshi, A. (2003).

et al. (Eds.): ICCHP 2010, Part I, LNCS
6179, Springer-Verlag: 116–123.

“Estimating testing time extension
ratios for students with disabilities⸨ⰾ ⾨࣭༡㇂࿴⠊࣭⸨ⰾ᫂⏕࣭㟷ᯇ฼࣭᫂⃝from item cumulative curves”, Newᓮ㝧ᙪ (2011). ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅࠾ࡼࡧ㔜ᗘ

Developments

Psychometrics:

ࡢᙅど⪅ࡢࡓࡵࡢᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ

International࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨ㸪ࠕ኱Ꮫධヨ◊✲ࢪProceedings

in
of

the

࣮ࣕࢼࣝࠖ, 21㸪181-190.

Meeting of the Psychometric Societyࢢࣜࢵࢻ࣐࣮ࢡ࣭ࢯ࣮ࣜࣗࢩࣙࣥࢬ (2011)IMPS 2001, 265-272.
⸨ⰾ ⾨ (2004). ࠕἲ⛉኱Ꮫ㝔㐺ᛶヨ㦂ࡢࣘ

Grid

ࡢ

Onput

ᴫ

せ

,

ࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ㸫ࢹࢪࢱࣝ㡢ኌヨ

http://www.gridmark.co.jp/sol/gridonput.

㦂࡜ⅬᏐヨ㦂ࡢタィ㸫ࠖࠗ኱Ꮫධヨ◊✲html.
ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ (2004). ࠕ㏻ᖖࡢᏛ⣭࡟ᅾ⡠ࡍࡿࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝ࠘,14, 15-24.
⸨ⰾ ⾨࣭⸨ⰾ᫂⏕ (2005). ࠕྖἲヨ㦂▷⟅≉ู࡞ᩍ⫱ⓗᨭ᥼ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟ᘧヨ㦂ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ㸫ⅬᏐ㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ඲ ᅜ ᐇ ែ ㄪ ᰝ ࠖ ,ヨ㦂ࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃ࡜ࢹࢪࢱ

http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/public/20ࣝ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨ㸫ࠖࠕ኱Ꮫධヨ◊✲ࢪ

02/021004c.htm࣮ࣕࢼࣝࠖ, 15, 27-34.

Mandinach,

E.,

B.,

Bridgeman,

B.,

Fujiyoshi, M. and Fujiyoshi, A. (2006). “A

Cahalan-Laitusis, C. and Trapani C.

new audio testing system for the newly(2005) “The Impact of Extended Time on

blind and the learning disabled to take

SAT® Test Performance”, College Boardthe

Research

National

Center

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for

㻥㻠

ReportNo.

2005-8,ETS

RR-05-20, 1-35.
Ragosta, M., and Wendler, C. (1992).
“Eligibility
time

issueslimitsforandcomparable

disabledandnondisabled SAT examinees”, ETS

Research Report, RR-92-35, 1-33.

㻥㻡➨ 6 ⠇ Development of Two Types of New Auditory Testing Media“Development of Two Types of New Auditory Testing Media with Paper Booklets and Digital
Audio Players for the Active Reading of Test-takers with Print Disabilities”
FUJIYOSHI Mamoru, FUJIYOSHI Akio, OOSAWA Akiko, AOMATSU Toshiaki, SAWAZAKI
Haruhiko (2012). K. Miesenberger et al. (Eds.): proceedings of ICCHP 2012, Part I, LNCS
7382, 111-118.

㻥㻣Development of New Auditory Testing Media
with Invisible 2-Dimensional Codes for
Test-Takers with Print Disabilities
Mamoru Fujiyoshi1 , Akio Fujiyoshi2 , Akiko Ohsawa1 , Toshiaki Aomatsu3 , andHaruhiko Sawazaki4
1

National Center for University Entrance Examinations{fujiyosi,ohsawa}@rd.dnc.ac.jp
2
Ibaraki University
fujiyosi@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp
3
National School for the Blind of Tsukuba University
aomatsu@nsfb.tsukuba.ac.jp
4
Tokyo Metropolitan Kodaira Senior High School
Haruhiko Sawazaki@member.metro.tokyo.jp

Abstract. Utilizing invisible 2-dimensional codes and digital audio
players with a 2-dimensional code scanner, we developed two types of
new auditory testing media. The result of experimental evaluation of
the new testing media shows that, in addition to existing special accommodations such as large-print-format test and braille-format test, theintroduction of the new auditory testing media enables all test-takers
with print disabilities, including the newly blind, the severely partiallysighted and the dyslexic, to take the National Center Test for University
Admissions.

1

Introduction

The National Center Test for University Admissions is the joint ﬁrst stage
achievement test for admissions into all national and local public universities aswell as many private universities in Japan. Every year, about 550,000 students
take it. As for test-takers with disabilities, special accommodations regarding
testing media such as large-print-format test and braille-format test have been
administered [1]. However, auditory testing media have not been available yet.
In most advanced countries, auditory testing media such as human readers, audio cassettes or computer screen readers are available for test-takers with print
disabilities [4, 5].
It is necessary to develop new auditory testing media for the National Center
Test. It is almost impossible to take the National Center Test with ordinary
types of auditory testing media because the documents are very long and the
document structure very complicated. Computer screen readers often misread
some combinations of Chinese characters in Japanese documents.
For auditory testing media for the National Center Test, the utilization of
DAISY (Digital Audio Accessible Information System) and Tablet PC has been㻥㻥studied [2]. DAISY is a world standard audio system for people with visual disabilities. Test-takers can listen to the document from any point, such as from anunderlined or blank part, without delay. They can also use the talk-speed-control
function. However, DAISY is not convenient enough for tests which have complicated document structure. On the other hand, tablet PC has been identiﬁed
as appropriate testing media [2]. However, there are diﬃculties in administration because security of test administration and prevention of machine trouble
cannot be ensured.
Utilizing invisible 2-dimensional codes and digital audio players with a 2dimensional code scanner, we developed two types of new auditory testing media
for test-takers with print disabilities. In 2009, auditory tests of speech sounds
on document structure diagrams were developed [3], and, in 2010, multimodal
tests of speech sounds on ordinary texts were developed.
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the two types of new auditory testing media. The result shows that, in addition to existing special accommodations
such as large-print-format test and braille-format test, the introduction of the
new testing media enables all test-takers with print disabilities, including the
newly blind, the severe partially sighted and the dyslexic, to take the National
Center Test for University Admissions.

2

Two Types of New Auditory Testing Media

Using the two types of new auditory testing media, tests can be administrated
only with digital audio players and paper booklets (Fig. 1). The introduction ofinvisible 2-dimensional codes enable us to develop the new testing media.
We employ ‘GridOnput’, an invisible 2-dimensional code system developed
by Gridmark Solutions Co., Ltd (Fig. 2, left). Dots of GridOnput are arranged
at intervals of about 0.25 mm. The size of a code is about 2 mm square. Since
the intervals are large enough for the size of dots themselves, dots are almost
invisible. If we use invisible ink, which absorbs only infrared light, instead of
black ink, dots become totally invisible.
As a reading device for the new auditory testing media, we employ ‘Speaking
Pen’ developed by Gridmark Solutions Co., Ltd (Fig. 2, right). Speaking Pen has
a 2-dimensional code scanner at its top. When a 2-dimensional code is scannedwith Speaking Pen, the corresponding speech sound is reproduced. We can listen
to the sound through a headphone or built-in speaker. The sound volume andspeed can be adjusted with its buttons mounted at the front side. The sounddata is stored in an SD memory card. 1G byte is enough to store all sound dataof 1-year amount of the National Center Test.
2.1

Auditory Tests of Speech Sounds on Document Structure
Diagrams

For newly blind test-takers, partially sighted test-takers and dyslexic test-takers
who can read neither braille nor printed characters, auditory tests of speechsounds on document structure diagrams were designed [3].

㻝㻜㻜Fig. 1. Test Scene

Fig. 2. 2-Dimensional Code (left), and Speaking Pen (right)

Document structure diagrams represent the organization of test documents.
Fig. 3 (left) is an example of a document structure diagram in the Japanese language. Each document structure diagram of a problem can be arranged withina sheet of paper. The ﬁrst line shows the subject name ‘Kokugo 1’ and the second line the problem number ‘Dai 2 Mon’. The upper part shows the document
structure of the theme document of the problem. Each line ‘(1)’-‘(3)’ corresponds
to a paragraph in the theme document. The symbol ‘—’ represents a sentence
in a paragraph, and the symbols ‘a’-‘e’ represent underlined parts of the theme
document. The lower part shows the document structure of the questions of the
problem. Each line ‘Toi 1’-‘Toi 2’ corresponds to a question. The numbers ‘3’-‘4’
represent answer items, and the number symbols ‘1’-‘4’ represent multiple-choiceanswers for an answer item.
Document structure diagrams and corresponding invisible 2-dimensional
codes are printed on white paper by an LED printer (OKI Data Corporation).
Braille characters and braille lines may also be embossed on the same paper over-㻝㻜㻝Fig. 3. Document Structure Diagram (left), and Ordinary Text with 2-Dimensinalcodes (right)

lappingly for newly blind test-takers. When any part of a document structure
diagram is touched by a digital audio player with a 2-dimensional code scanner,
the invisible code is scanned, and the corresponding speech sound is reproduced.
2.2

Multimodal Tests of Speech Sounds on Ordinary Texts

For dyslexic test-takers and partially sighted test-takers who can read someprinted characters, multimodal tests of speech sounds on ordinary texts were
designed.
In a test-booklet of multimodal tests of speech sounds on ordinary texts,
normal characters or large-print characters are printed overlappingly with corresponding invisible 2-dimensional codes. Fig. 3 (right) is an example of a pageof a test-booklet.
Similarly to the document structure diagrams, when any part of the texts istouched by a digital audio player, the invisible code is scanned, and the corresponding speech sound is reproduced. Paragraph numbers are prepared so that
test-takers can reproduce the speech sound of each paragraph.

3

Evaluation Experiment

3.1

Experimental Design for Partially Sighted Subjects andDyslexic Subjects

The experimental design is a repeated 3x3 Graeco-Latin square method.
The partially sighted subjects are 9 partially sighted high school students
including some fresh graduates. The median of their corrected visual acuity
is 0.08. They are divided into three subject groups. The dyslexic subjects are
9 dyslexic adults. Only one of them is a high school student because it wasdiﬃcult to ﬁnd dyslexic high school students in Japan. They are also divided

㻝㻜㻞into three subject groups. There are three testing media: large-print-format test,
auditory test of speech sounds on document structure diagrams, and multimodal
test of speech sounds on ordinary texts. The speech sounds are recorded as
natural voice. Problems are from three study subjects: Japanese, English, andmathematics. The test procedure is administered without time limits.
3.2

Experimental Design for Braille User Subjects and Nondisabled
Subjects

The braille user subjects are 15 students from a high school for the blind. The
nondisabled subjects are 21 high school students. Both of them are divided into
three subject groups. There are three testing media: braille-format test, auditory
test of speech sounds on document structure diagram with recorded humanvoice, and auditory test of speech sounds on document structure diagram withcomputer-synthesized voice for the blind subjects. The nondisabled subjects takeordinary text tests instead of braille-format tests. Problems are from the same
three study subjects: Japanese, English, and mathematics. The test procedure
is administered without time limits.
3.3

Results on Distributions of Score

In Fig. 4 (1), Fig. 4 (2), and Fig. 4 (3), the box-and-whiskers plots of distributionsof score of three testing media for each study subject are shown. The box-andwhiskers plots are sorted by the median of score.
The vertical lines on the right-hand side of plots represent the results ofScheﬀe’s method of pair wise multiple comparison. There is no signiﬁcant diﬀerence among box plots tied by a line or signiﬁcant diﬀerence between them nottied by a line.
We can see similar tendencies of the testing media among the three study
subjects.
As a result of Scheﬀe’s method of pair wise multiple comparison, there areno signiﬁcant diﬀerences among the distributions of score concerning the testing
media for each subject group in each study subject except the distributions ofscore for nondisabled in English.
As a result of Mann-Whitney’s test, we can see that learning achievementlevels are almost similar among the four subject groups for Japanese, English andMathematics because there are no signiﬁcant diﬀerence among distribution ofscore for braille-format test of the blind group, that for large-print-format testof the partially sighted group, that for large-print-format test of the dyslexic
group, and that for ordinary format test of the nondisabled group.
3.4

Results on Distributions of Answering Speed

In Fig. 5 (1), Fig. 5 (2), and Fig. 5 (3), the box-and-whiskers plots of distributionsof answering speed of the testing media for each study subject and the results㻝㻜㻟 㻌 㻌  㻌  㻌    㻌  㻌    㻌  㻌  㻌    㻌 㻌  㻌    㻌 

    㻌    㻌 

  

㻌





  

  

  㻌    㻌         !     "#$ 㸧#"&㻌  㻌    㻌  㻌          !     "#$ 㸧

#'&

  

 㻌  㻌    㻌    㻌    㻌 㻌    㻌 㻌            !     "#$ 㸧#+&

Fig. 4. (1) Distribution of Score of Japanese, (2) Distribution of Score of English, and(3) Distribution of Score of Mathematics

of Scheﬀe’s method of pair wise multiple comparison are shown. The box-andwhiskers plots are sorted by the median of answering speed.
As a result of Scheﬀe’s method of pair wise multiple comparison, the distributions of answering speed of auditory tests of speech sounds on document
structure diagram are signiﬁcantly slower than that of the other testing media
for each study subjects.
As a result of Mann-Whitney’s test, distribution of answering speed of ordinary format test for the nondisabled group is signiﬁcantly faster than that ofother test media for the print disabled groups in each study subjects.
3.5

Discussion

The result of experimental evaluation of the new testing media shows that, in
addition to existing special accommodations such as large-print-format test andbraille-format test, the introduction of the two types of new auditory testing㻝㻜㻠 㻌  㻌 

㻌  㻌    㻌     㻌  㻌  㻌  㻌    㻌 㻌  㻌    㻌 

    㻌    㻌 

  

㻌





  

  

  㻌    㻌         +>!    >!
#   @   㸧#"&㻌  㻌    㻌     㻌        +>!    >!
#   @   㸧

#'&

  

 㻌     㻌  㻌    㻌    㻌 㻌    㻌    㻌         +>!    >!
#   @   㸧#+&Fig. 5. (1) Distribution of Answering Speed of Japanese, (2) Distribution of Answering
Speed of English, and (3) Distribution of Answering Speed of Mathematics

media enables all test-takers with print disabilities to take the National Center
Test for University Admissions. Test-takers with print disabilities can get thesame score as nondisabled test-takers for Japanese, English and Mathematics
if the learning achievement levels of them are the same. Answering speeds ofthe nondisabled group are signiﬁcantly faster. However, the disabled and thenondisabled can take a test fairly if we put adequate time limit of a test for eachtest-taker with print disabilities.

4

Conclusion

Utilizing invisible 2-dimensional codes and digital audio players with a 2dimensional code scanner, we developed two types of new auditory testing media:
auditory tests of speech sounds on document structure diagrams [3], and multimodal tests of speech sounds on ordinary texts.

㻝㻜㻡The result of the experimental evaluation shows that, in addition to existing
special accommodations such as large-print-format test and braille-format test,
the introduction of the two new testing media enables almost all test-takers withprint disabilities to take the National Center Test for University Admissions.
When auditory tests of speech sounds on document structure diagrams become practical, the newly blind and the severely partially sighted can take the
National Center Test. Test-takers do not have to be able to read braille to takeauditory tests of speech sounds on document structure diagrams because theshape of the document structure diagrams helps enough to guide the positionsof 2-dimensional codes to scan. Actually, such newly blind students can take thetest in the experimental evaluation.
With multimodal tests of speech sounds on ordinary texts, the partiallysighted and the dyslexic can actively and eﬃciently read texts taking advantage of the modality characteristics of speech sounds and ordinary texts.
In addition, the easiness of administration and security management of the
new testing media is noteworthy. Tests can be administrated only with a digital audio player with 2-dimensional code scanner and paper booklets on whichdocument structure diagrams or ordinary texts and corresponding invisible 2dimensional codes are printed. When machine trouble happens, tests can becontinued with a replacement of a digital audio player. Price of a digital audio
player is reasonable (about 30 euro).
As a future work, the authoring system of computer-synthesized speech voices
and test-booklet with invisible 2-dimensional codes should be developed. We
want to make the two types of new testing media practical within 3 years.

References
1. Fujiyoshi, M. and Fujiyoshi, A.: Estimating testing time extension ratios for students
with disabilities from item cumulative curves, New Developments in Psychometrics:
Proceedings of the International Meeting of the Psychometric Society IMPS 2001
(2003) 265-272.
2. Fujiyoshi, M. and Fujiyoshi, A.: A new audio testing system for the newly blind andthe learning disabled to take the National Center Test for University Admissions,in K. Miesenberger et al. (eds.), ICCHP 2006, LNCS4061, Springer-Verlag (2006)
801-808.
3. Fujiyoshi, M., Fujiyoshi, A., and Aomatsu T.: New testing method for the dyslexic
and the newly blind with a digital audio player and document structure diagrams”,
in K. Miesenberger et al. (Eds.), ICCHP 2010, Part I, LNCS 6179, Springer-Verlag(2010) 116-123.
4. Mandinach, E., B., Bridgeman, B., Cahalan-Laitusis, C. and Trapani C.: The impact
of extended time on SAT test performance, College Board Research Report No.
2005-8, ETS RR-05-20 (2005) 1-35.
5. Ragosta, M. and Wendler, C.: Eligibility issues and comparable time limits fordisabled and nondisabled SAT examinees. ETS Research Report, RR-92-35 (1992)
1-33

㻝㻜㻢

➨ 7 ⠇ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ᪉ᘧࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤ⓎࠕᩥᏐㄆ▱㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢࡓࡵࡢ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ᪉ᘧࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨࠖ⸨ⰾ ⾨, ኱⃝ᙲᏊ, ᑠᒣ⏣ᐶྐ, ⸆ᖌᑎ㥴௓, 㟷ᯇ฼᫂, ⃝ᓮ㝧ᙪ, ⸨ⰾ᫂⏕ (2013). ኱Ꮫධヨ◊✲ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝ, (༳ๅ୰).

㻝㻜㻣ᩥᏐㄆ▱㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢࡓࡵࡢ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ᪉ᘧࡢ
ࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨ⸨ⰾ ⾨࣭኱⃝ᙲᏊ㸦኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧㸪ᑠᒣ⏣ᐶྐ࣭⸆ᖌᑎ㥴௓㸦㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ኱Ꮫ㸧㸪㟷ᯇ฼᫂㸦⟃Ἴ኱Ꮫ㝃ᒓどぬ≉ูᨭ᥼Ꮫᰯ㸧㸪⃝ᓮ㝧ᙪ㸦㒔❧ᑠᖹ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ㸧㸪⸨ⰾ᫂⏕㸦Ⲉᇛ኱Ꮫ㸧 ぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋホ౯ᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᚑ
᮶ࡢⅬᏐၥ㢟ཬࡧ㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡲࡓࡣᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚㛤Ⓨ
ࡋࡓ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟࡜ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆ౑⏝ࡍࢀࡤࠊ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࠊ㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ཬࡧㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅ࡣࡶ࡜ࡼࡾࠊᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢཷ㦂⪅ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼ࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢฟࡉࢀࡓࠋ᭦
࡟ࠊ2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ᪉ᘧࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢࣃ࣮࣡ࢸࢫࢺ᪉ᘧࡔࡅ࡛࡞
ࡃࠊࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࢸࢫࢺ᪉ᘧࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿࠋ ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
 2006 ᖺ࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡓぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ࡟╔┠ࡋࠊ㡢ኌ࡟ࡼࡿ⬟ືⓗㄞ᭩ࡀྍ⬟࡞
᪂ࡋ࠸ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
2009 ᖺ࠿ࡽ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࠊ≉࡟㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ཬࡧ㔜ᗘࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅㸦௨ୗࠕㄞᏐ
㞀ᐖ⪅ࠖ࡜␎グ㸧ࡢ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂㸦௨ୗࠕࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࠖ࡜␎グ㸧ࡢཷ㦂ࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿࡓࡵᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Fujiyoshi et al., 2010; ⸨ⰾ௚, 2010㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊ2010 ᖺ࠿ࡽ㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ཬࡧㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ᅗ ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢཷ㦂㢼ᬒࡢཷ㦂ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ
࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟㸦௨ୗࠕ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࠖ࡜␎グ㸧ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦⸨ⰾ௚, 2011, 2012;
Fujiyoshi et al., 2012㸧ࠋᅗ 1 ࡟ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢཷ㦂㢼ᬒࢆࠊᅗ 2 ࡟࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝ
ၥ㢟ࡢཷ㦂㢼ᬒࢆ♧ࡍࠋ 㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢᐇ⏝໬࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸ
ࢫࢺࡢᐇ᪋᪉ἲࡀㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡣ 2006 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽⱥㄒࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࢆᐇ
᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪
2012a; ෆ⏣௚㸪2006㸧ࠋ୍⯡࡟ࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸᅗ ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢཷ㦂㢼ᬒࢫࢺࡣࠊၥ㢟㡢ኌࢆ୍ᐃᅇᩘ⫈ྲྀࡋࡓᚋ࡟タၥࢆㄞࢇࡔࡾ⪺࠸ࡓࡾࡋ࡚ゎ⟅ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࠊ ⌧ᅾࠊ㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿࢭࣥࢱ⫈ゎ⬟ຊࢆ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢⱥㄒࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࡣࠊ㐃⥆᪉ᘧᐃࡍࡿヨ㦂࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

㻝㻜㻥࡜㡢Ṇࡵ᪉ᘧ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦⊂❧⾜ᨻἲ ᮏࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣࠊࡓࡔ༢࡟ၥ㢟෉Ꮚࢆ㡢ኌ࡛ே኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮, 2012b㸧ࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ㔜ᗘㄞࡴᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿᩥᏐㄆ▱㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿཷ㦂⪅ࡢ⫈ぬ㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿཷ㦂⪅࡟ࡣࠊࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢ

ࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ

ࢸࢫࢺࡢච㝖ᥐ⨨ࡀㅮࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ᚑ᮶ࡢⅬᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡸᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚࢆ౑ 㐃⥆᪉ᘧࡣࠊヨ㦂᫬㛫ෆ࡟ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢၥ㢟ࡀࠊ⏝ࡍࡿどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅➼ࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࡢᨵ

ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ഃࡢ᫬㛫㓄ศ࡛㡰ḟฟ㢟ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋ

ၿ࡟ࡶᐤ୚ࡍࡿࠋ

࠿ࡋࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ഃ࡛๓ࡶࡗ࡚ࠊฟ᮶ࡿ㝈ࡾ᫬ ᭦࡟ࠊᚑ᮶ࡢࣃ࣮࣡ࢸࢫࢺ᪉ᘧࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥ

㛫㓄ศࢆ㐺ṇ໬ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊྛேࡀタၥࢢࢸࢫࢺࡢᐇ᪋ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࢸࢫࢺ

ࢆㄞࡴ᫬㛫ࡸゎ⟅ࢆ᭩ࡃ᫬㛫࡟ࡣಶேᕪࡀ࠶

᪉ᘧࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࡢタィࡀྍ⬟ࡿࡓࡵࠊྛேࡀヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆ᭷ຠ࡟౑⏝࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᮏ✏ࡣࠊ➨ 2 ⠇࡛ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ᪉ᘧࡢࣜࢫ ୍᪉ࠊ㡢Ṇࡵ᪉ᘧࡣࠊཷ㦂⪅ࡢᣦ♧࡟ᚑࡗࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᴫせࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋ➨࡚ࠊ┘╩⪅ࡀ CD ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࢆ᧯సࡋ࡚ၥ㢟㡢

3 ⠇ࡣࡑࡢホ౯ᐇ㦂࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➨ 4 ⠇ࡣ⤖ㄽ࡛ኌࢆὶࡍ᪉ᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࠋཷ㦂⪅ࡢ࣮࣌ࢫ࡛ၥ㢟࠶ࡿࠋࢆゎ࠸࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊཷ  ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ᪉ᘧࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࢩࢫ

㦂⪅ 1 ே࡟ CD ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࢆ᧯సࡍࡿ┘╩⪅ࡀࢸ࣒

1 ேࡎࡘ௜࠿ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ௒ᚋࠊㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅➼ࡢཷ㦂⪅ࡀቑຍࡋࡓሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊᐇ᪋ࡀᅔ㞴 ࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᴫせ࡜࡞ࡿᜍࢀࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ᪉ᘧࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸ ≉࡟ࠊၥ㢟෉Ꮚࢆㄞࡴࡓࡵ࡟㡢ኌࡢ౑⏝ࢆࢫࢺࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣࠊ2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚㛤ᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿᩥᏐㄆ▱㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿཷ㦂⪅࡟ࡣࠊ

Ⓨࡋࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ࣐

⌧⾜ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢⱥㄒࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺ

ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ཬࡧᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟࡟ࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㐃⥆᪉ᘧࡢሙ౑⏝ࡍࡿࢹࢪࢱ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢹ࢕࢜ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟ෆⶶ

ྜࠊၥ㢟෉Ꮚࢆㄞࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㡢ኌ࡜⮬ືⓗ࡟෌ࡉࢀࡓไᚚࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ᭩ࡁ᥮࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼ

⏕ࡉࢀࡿၥ㢟㡢ኌࡀ㔜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࠊ࠸ࢃࡺ

ࡾᐇ⌧ࡋࡓࠋ

ࡿࢡࣟࢫࢺ࣮ࢡࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚ࠊၥ㢟㡢ኌࢆṇ☜ ࡇࡢ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ᪉ᘧࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺ

࡟⪺ࡁྲྀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᅔ㞴࡜࡞ࡿᜍࢀࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲ

ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣࠊ65,536 ಶࡢ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࡢෆ࠿

ࡓࠊ㡢Ṇࡵ᪉ᘧࡢሙྜࡶࠊே࡟ࡣᕥྑࡢ࡝ࡕ

ࡽ 3 ✀㢮ࡢࢥ࣮ࢻࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕゎ㝖ࢥ࣮ࢻ࣭࢟

ࡽ࠿ࡢ⪥ࡀ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾࡸࡍ࠸࡜࠸࠺⪺ࡁ⪥ࡀ࠶࣮ࢥ࣮ࢻ࣭㏻ᖖࢥ࣮ࢻ࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀ␗࡞ࡿᶵ⬟ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊၥ㢟㡢ኌ࡜タၥࡢ㡢ኌࢆࠊ࢖ࢆᣢࡓࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾᐇ⌧ࡋࡓࠋࢥ࣮ࢻㄞࡳ

ࣖࣇ࢛ࣥࢆᕪࡋ᭰࠼࡚⪺ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟ᅔྲྀࡾ࠿ࡽ㡢ኌ෌⏕ࡲ࡛ࡢὶࢀᅗࢆᅗ 3 ࡟♧ࡍࠋ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㟁※ࡀᢞධ᫬ࠊ࣮࢟ࢥ࣮ࢻ k1 㹼kn ࡟ᑐᛂ ᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊᩥᏐㄆ▱㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ

ࡋࡓ㡢ኌ෌⏕ࡣ⚗Ṇ࡟タᐃࡉࢀࠊࢥ࣮ࢻㄞࡳ

ཷ㦂⪅ࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ

ྲྀࡾᚅࡕ≧ែ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ

2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ᪉ᘧࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࢩࢫࢸ

 3 ✀㢮ࡢࢥ࣮ࢻࡀㄞࡳྲྀࡽࢀࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࢀࡒ

࣒ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣࠊ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔ

ࢀࡢࢥ࣮ࢻฎ⌮ࡢὶࢀ࡟ศᒱࡍࡿࠋ

ࢲࣝၥ㢟࡜ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟࡟౑⏝ࡍࡿࢹ ㏻ᖖࢥ࣮ࢻࡀㄞࡳྲྀࡽࢀࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࡢࢥ࣮ࢻ

ࢪࢱ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢹ࢕࢜ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ㸦ࢢࣜࢵࢻ࣐࣮ࢡ

࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓ㡢ኌࡀ෌⏕ࡉࢀࡿࠋ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲ(ᰴ)㸧࡟ෆⶶࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿไᚚࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ᭩

ࣝၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡣࠊẁⴠࡸᩥࠊୗ⥺㒊ࡸᩘᘧ➼ࠊࡁ᥮࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㛤Ⓨࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ

ၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀࡟ࡑࡃࡋ࡚㡿ᇦࡀ༊⏬ࡉࢀࠊ㻝㻝㻜ྛ༊⏬࡟㏻ᖖࢥ࣮ࢻࡀ୍㠃࡟㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡉࢀ

ࡋࡓ㡢ኌࡀ෌⏕ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ㔜ᗘࡢᙅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢹࢪࢱ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢹ࢕࢜ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࡢඛ➃ど⪅ཬࡧㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡣࠊᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ 2 ࡘࡢࡢࢥ࣮ࢻࢫ࢟ࣕࢼ࡛ၥ㢟෉Ꮚࢆࢱࢵࢳࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ

ࣔࢲࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊၥ㢟෉Ꮚࢆ⬟ື

㏻ᖖࢥ࣮ࢻࡀㄞࡳྲྀࡽࢀࠊࡑࡢࢥ࣮ࢻ࡟ᑐᛂ

ⓗ࡟⮬⏤࡟ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ㟁※ᢞධ࣮࢟ࢥ࣮ࢻ㸦k1 㹼kn㸧࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ㡢ኌ෌⏕⚗Ṇࢥ࣮ࢻㄞࡳྲྀࡾ
㏻ᖖࢥ࣮ࢻ

ゎ㝖ࢥ࣮ࢻ
ࢥ࣮ࢻࡢ✀㢮
࣮࢟ࢥ࣮ࢻ㸦 k1࣮࢟ࢥ࣮ࢻ㹼kn㸧⚗Ṇゎ㝖෌⏕⚗Ṇゎ㝖㸽⚗Ṇ୰ゎ㝖῭ࡳ࣮࢟ࢥ࣮ࢻ㸦ki㸧࣮࢟ࢥ࣮ࢻ㸦ki㸧㡢ኌ෌⏕㏻ᖖ㡢ኌ෌⏕

㡢ኌ෌⏕ࡢ⚗Ṇつᐃᅇᩘ௨ୖ

࣮࢟ࢥ࣮ࢻ㸦ki㸧㡢ኌ෌⏕ᅇᩘࢆࢳ࢙ࢵࢡつᐃᅇᩘᮍ‶

ᅗ  ࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢࢥ࣮ࢻㄞࡳྲྀࡾ࠿ࡽ㡢ኌ෌⏕ࡲ࡛ࡢὶࢀ ୍᪉ࠊᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡣࠊၥ㢟ࡢ㡢ኌࡢ෌⏕ᅇᩘࢆ⟶⌮ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟౑⏝ࡉࢀࡿࠋᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡔࡅࡀ㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡢグྕࡲࡓࡣⅬᏐࡢ㟁※ᢞධ᫬ࠊ࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࢜ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࡣࠊ࣮࢟ࢥ

グྕ࡛⾲グࡉࢀࠊ2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࡀ㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅ࣮ࢻ ࡢ㡢ኌ෌⏕ࡀ⚗Ṇ࡟タᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ

ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࠊ≉࡟㔜࠿ࡋࠊヨ㦂┘╩⪅ࡀ࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࢜ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟㟁ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ཬࡧ㔜ᗘࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡶࠊᩥ᭩ᵓ

※ࢆධࢀࠊゎ㝖ࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ 1 ᗘࢱࢵࢳࡋ࡚࠿ࡽ

㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟෉Ꮚࢆࢱࢵࢳࡋ࡚ၥ㢟ࢆ㡢ኌ࡛ཷ㦂⪅࡟ᡭΏࡏࡤࠊ࣮࢟ࢥ࣮ࢻ ki (1ӌiӌn)⬟ືⓗ࡟⮬⏤࡟ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡀㄞࡳྲྀࡽࢀࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࡢࢥ࣮ࢻ࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓၥ ࣮࢟ࢥ࣮ࢻ ki (1ӌiӌn)ࡀㄞࡳྲྀࡽࢀࡿ࡜ࠊ

㢟㡢ኌࡀ෌⏕ࡉࢀࡿࠋ㡢ኌ෌⏕ࡀࠊ⚗Ṇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ゎ㝖ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࢜ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ๓㠃ࡢ 4 ࡘࡢᢲࡋ࣎ࢱ

ࡿ࠿ࡀࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࡉࢀࡿࠋゎ㝖ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡁ

ࣥࢆᢲࡍ࡜ࠊ㏻ᖖࢥ࣮ࢻࡢ㡢ኌ෌⏕᫬࡟ࡣࠊࡢࡳࠊࡑࡢ࣮࢟ࢥ࣮ࢻ࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓၥ㢟㡢ኌࡀ㡢ኌࡢ೵Ṇ࣭෌⏕ࠊ㡢㔞ࡢㄪ⠇ࠊヰ㏿ᗘࡢㄪ෌⏕ࡉࢀࡿࠋ㡢ኌ෌⏕ᚋࠊ෌⏕ᅇᩘࡀつᐃᅇ⠇ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ࣮࢟ࢥ࣮ࢻ㡢ኌࡢ෌ᩘ࡟㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࢀࡤࠊࡑࡢࢥ࣮ࢻࡢ㡢ኌ෌⏕ࡣ⏕᫬࡟ࡣࠊ㡢㔞➼ࡢㄪ⠇ࡣฟ᮶࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟タ⚗Ṇ࡟タᐃࡉࢀࠊࢥ࣮ࢻㄞࡳྲྀࡾᚅࡕ࡟ᡠࡿࠋ

ィࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ゎ㝖ࢥ࣮ࢻࡣࠊ࣮࢟ࢥ࣮ࢻ࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓၥ㢟㻝㻝㻝 ࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ≉Ⰽࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣࠊḟࡢ 6

 ౛࠼ࡤࠊၥ㢟㡢ኌࡢ෌⏕ᅇᩘࡸ෌⏕㡰ᗎ➼ࡘࡢ≉Ⰽࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࢆࠊ௵ព࡟タᐃྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࢺࣛࣈࣝ

(1) ࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕⟶⌮ࡀᐜ᫆

ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊࢺࣛࣈࣝࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓၥ㢟 ゎ㝖ࢥ࣮ࢻࢆࢱࢵࢳࡋ࡚࣮࢟ࢥ࣮ࢻࡢ෌⏕࠿ࡽࠊゎ⟅ࢆ෌㛤ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⚗Ṇࢆゎ㝖ࡋ࡞࠸㝈ࡾࠊၥ㢟㡢ኌࡣ෌⏕ࡉࢀ(5) ࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࢸࢫࢺ᪉ᘧࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺ

࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊゎ㝖ࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ⟶⌮ࡍࢀࡤࠊၥ㢟ὶࡢ㛤Ⓨฟࢆ㜵ࡄࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡓ࡜࠼ཷ ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢⱥㄒࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺ➼ࡣࠊ㦂⪅ࡀ㟁※ࢆ୍᪦ษࡗ࡚ධࢀ┤ࡋࠊၥ㢟㡢ኌฟ㢟ၥ㢟ᩘࡢෆఱၥ࡟ṇ⟅ࡋࡓ࠿ࢆၥ࠺ࣃ࣡ࢆつᐃᅇᩘࢆ㉸࠼࡚෌⏕ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶゎ㝖࣮ࢸࢫࢺ᪉ᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒

ࢥ࣮ࢻࢆࢱࢵࢳࡋ࡞࠸㝈ࡾ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢆ౑⏝ࡍࢀࡤࠊ୍ᐃࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ෆ࡟ఱၥṇ⟅(2) ၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡜࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࢜ࣉࣞ࢖࡛ࣖᐇ᪋ࡀ

ࡋࡓ࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ୍ᐃࡢၥ㢟ᩘࢆゎ⟅ࡍࡿࡢྍ⬟࡟せࡋࡓ᫬㛫ࢆၥ࠺ࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࢸࢫࢺ᪉ᘧࡢࣜ ࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡟ၥ㢟㡢ኌࡢࢥࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࢆタィࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ࣮ࢻḍࢆタࡅࠊࡑࡢୖ࡟࣮࢟ࢥ࣮ࢻࢆࡑࢀࡒ

(6)ᑠつᶍࡲࡓࡣ୰つᶍࡢࠊపࢥࢫࢺࡢࣜࢫࢽ

ࢀ㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡋ࡚࠾ࡅࡤࠊ2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢫ࢟

ࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚᭱㐺ࣕࢼෆⶶࡢ࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࢜ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ 1 ᮏ࡛ࣜࢫࢽ

 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ᪉ᘧࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࢩࢫ

ࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࡢᐇ᪋ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࢸ࣒ࡣࠊࢹࢪࢱ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢹ࢕࢜ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࡶ 1 ᮏ

 ࡲࡓࠊⅬᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡲࡓࡣᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟෉

3 ༓෇⛬ᗘ࡜ప౯᱁࡛࠶ࡿࠋၥ㢟෉Ꮚ࡜࣮࢜

Ꮚ࡟ၥ㢟㡢ኌࡢࢥ࣮ࢻḍࢆタࡅࢀࡤࠊⅬᏐཷࢹ࢕࢜ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࢆேᩘศ‽ഛࡍࢀࡤࠊሙᡤࢆ㦂⪅ࡶᙅどཷ㦂⪅ࡶ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ᪉ᘧࡢࣜࢫ

㑅ࡤࡎࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࡢᐇ᪋ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࡢཷ㦂ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ(3) 㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢⱥㄒ ホ౯ᐇ㦂ࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࡢᨵၿ ᐇ㦂┠ⓗ ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡛ࡣࠊ㐃⥆᪉ᘧ࡜㡢Ṇࡵ᪉ᘧ

 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ᪉ᘧࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࢩࢫ

࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㐃⥆᪉ᘧࡣࠊ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔ

ࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࠊ㔜ᗘࡢᙅどࢲࣝၥ㢟ཬࡧᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢཷ㦂⪅࡟⪅ཬࡧㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡣࡶ࡜ࡼࡾࠊᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ࡣࠊၥ㢟㡢ኌ࡜㑅ᢥ⫥➼ࢆㄞࡴ㡢ኌ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟ࠊᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢཷ㦂⪅ࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫ

࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶࢡࣟࢫࢺ࣮ࢡࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊฟ

ࢺࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠋ

㢟ࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ㡢Ṇࡵ᪉ᘧࡣࠊཷ㦂⪅ 1 ே࡟┘╩⪅ࡀ 1 ேࡎࡘࡘ࠿ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ ᐇ㦂᪉ἲᕼᮃ⪅ࡀቑ࠼ࡓሙྜࠊᐇ᪋ࡀᅔ㞴࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡋ ᐇ㦂ィ⏬ࡣࠊ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡢ࠶ࡿ 33 ࡢࢢࣞ࠿ࡋࠊ2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ᪉ᘧࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺ

ࢥࣛࢸࣥ᪉᱁ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢཷ㦂⪅ࡀ᫬ィࢆぢ࡞ࡀ ⿕㦂⪅ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢせᅉࡣࠊྛ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜ࡶࡽ⮬ᚊⓗ࡟ヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆ᭷ຠ࡟㓄ศࡋ࡞ࡀࡽཷ

3 ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛࠶ࡿࠋⅬᏐ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣ 1 ࢢ࣮ࣝ㦂ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ

ࣉ 6 ྡࡎࡘࡢィ 18 ྡࡢⅬᏐ౑⏝ࡢどぬ㞀ᐖ(4) ࣮࢜ࢧࣜࣥࢢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨ㧗ᰯ⏕࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣࠊ1 ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ

 CSV ࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ࡟ᚲせ஦㡯ࢆグධࡍࢀࡤࠊ࢔

3 ྡࡎࡘࡢィ 9 ྡࡢᙅど㧗ᰯ⏕࡛࠶ࡿࠋ೺ᖖ

ࢭࣥࣈࣛゝㄒࡢ࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࢜ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࡢไᚚࣉ

⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣ 1 ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ 9 ྡࡎࡘࡢィ 27 ྡࡢࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀ⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡿ࣮࢜ࢧࣜࣥࢢࢩࢫࢸ࣒

೺ᖖ㧗ᰯ⏕࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㻝㻝㻞 ࢸࢫࢺ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢせᅉࡣࠊྛ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜ࡶ(1) ྛࢭࢵࢺࡢၥ㢟࡜ࡶࠊ┘╩⪅ࡣ⿕㦂⪅࡟

3 ✀㢮࡛࠶ࡿࠋⅬᏐ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣࠊⅬᏐၥ㢟㸦A㸧ࠊㄝ࣮᫂࢝ࢻ࡜ၥ㢟㡢ኌ࣮࢝ࢻཬࡧၥ㢟෉Ꮚࢆ⫗ኌࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟㸦B㸧ࠊྜᡂ㡢ኌࡢᡭΏࡍࠋᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟㸦C㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙅど⿕㦂(2) ┘╩⪅ࡣࠊ࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࢜ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟㟁※ࢆ

⪅⩌ࡣࠊᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟㸦A㸧ࠊྜᡂ㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝධࢀࠊゎ㝖ࢥ࣮ࢻࢆࢱࢵࢳࡋ࡚ࠊㄝ࣮᫂࢝ࢻ

ࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟㸦B㸧ࠊྜᡂ㡢ኌࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲࡜ၥ㢟㡢ኌ࣮࢝ࢻࡢ 2 ࡘࡢ࣮࢟ࢥ࣮ࢻࡢ㡢ኌ㡢ኌၥ㢟㸦C㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣࠊ㏻

෌⏕ࢆゎ㝖ࡋ࡚࠿ࡽࠊ⿕㦂⪅࡟ᡭΏࡍࠋ

ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟㸦A㸧ࠊ⫗ኌࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟(3) ⿕㦂⪅ࡣࠊࢫࢺࢵࣉ࢛࢘ࢵࢳࢆぢ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ㸦B㸧ࠊྜᡂ㡢ኌࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟㸦C㸧

ゎ⟅⏝⣬࡟ゎ⟅㛤ጞ᫬้ࢆグධࡍࡿࠋⅬᏐ⿕࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㦂⪅࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ┘╩⪅ࡀ᭰ࢃࡗ࡚グධࡍࡿࠋ ᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌࡟ᑐࡍࡿᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚཬ(4) ⿕㦂⪅ࡣࠊㄝ࣮᫂࢝ࢻࢆ࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࢜ࣉࣞ

ࡧ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟෉ᏊࡢᩥᏐࢧ࢖ࢬ࡜෉

࢖࡛ࣖࢱࢵࢳࡋ࡚ゎ⟅ࡢ๓ࡢㄝ᫂ࢆ 1 ᅇ⪺ࡃࠋᏊࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡣࠊ10.5 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ A4ࠊ14 ࣏࢖ࣥ(5) ၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࢆ 2 ᗘㄞࢇ࡛ࡶࡽ࠺ࠋ

ࢺ A4ࠊ18 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ A4ࠊ28 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ A3 ࡢ 4ⅬᏐၥ㢟෉Ꮚཬࡧ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟෉Ꮚࢆㄞ✀㢮ࡢ࠺ࡕ࠿ࡽࠊ⿕㦂⪅࡟᭱㐺࡞ࡶࡢࢆ㑅ᢥࡳ࡞ࡀࡽၥ㢟㡢ኌࢆ⪺ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓࠋᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡣ 20ၥ㢟㡢ኌࢆ⪺ࡃ๓࡟ࠊ㑅ᢥ⫥ࢆ 2 ᗘㄞࢇ࡛ࡶ

࣏࢖ࣥࢺ B4 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡽࡗࡓࠋ ၥ㢟෉Ꮚཬࡧ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࡢ༳ๅࡣࠊࢯࣇ

(6) ၥ㢟㡢ኌ࣮࢝ࢻࢆࢱࢵࢳࡋ࡚ࠊᑐヰᩥཬࢺ࢙࢘࢔ࢢࣜࢵࢻࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢱཬࡧ LED ࣉࣜ

ࡧ㉁ၥࢆ⪺ࡃࠋ

ࣥࢱ C830㸦Ἀࢹ࣮ࢱ(ᰴ)㸧ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ

(7) ၥ㢟෉Ꮚࢆㄞࢇ࡛ゎ⟅ࢆ᭩࠸࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠋ

ⅬᏐၥ㢟෉ᏊཬࡧⅬᏐࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲෉Ꮚࡢ༳(8) ࢫࢺࢵࣉ࢛࢘ࢵࢳࢆぢ࡞ࡀࡽゎ⟅⏝⣬࡟

ๅࡣࠊゐㄞᅗసᡂࢩࢫࢸ࣒ Bplot㸦Fujiyoshiゎ⟅⤊஢᫬้ࢆグධࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠋⅬᏐ⿕㦂⪅et al., 2008 㸧ཬࡧⅬᏐࣉࣜࣥࢱࣉࣟࢵࢱ

࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ┘╩⪅ࡀ᭰ࢃࡗ࡚グධࡍࡿࠋ

ESA721㸦JTR(ᰴ)㸧ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋ 㡢ኌࡢ෌⏕࡟ࡣ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢫ࢟ࣕࢼෆⶶ ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࡢࢹࢪࢱ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢹ࢕࢜ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࡢࢫࣆ࣮࢟ࣥ

㸦1㸧ṇゎ⋡

ࢢ࣌ࣥ㸦ࢢࣜࢵࢻ࣐࣮ࢡ(ᰴ)㸧ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋ ⿕㦂⪅⩌ูࠊࢸࢫࢺ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ูၥ㢟ᩘࡣࠊࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࡢ㛤ጞ๓ࡢㄝ᫂ཬࡧၥ㢟ྛࠎ1 ၥ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊṇ⟅ᩘࢆ⿕㦂⪅ᩘ࡛๭㸦ᑐヰᩥ࡜㉁ၥ㸧ࡣࡍ࡭࡚⫗ኌ࡛࠶ࡿࠋヰ㏿ࡗ࡚ṇゎ⋡ࢆồࡵࠊ⾲ 1 ࡟♧ࡍࠋᙅど⿕㦂⪅ᗘࡣ୍ᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

⩌ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢṇゎ⋡ࡀ 56㸣࡜ ୍᪉ࠊ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ཬࡧᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ప࠸ࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ௚ࡢࢸࢫࢺ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢṇゎ⋡㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ㛤ጞ๓ࡢㄝ᫂ཬࡧၥ㢟௨እࡢ㡢ኌ

ࡣࠊ78㸣㹼100㸣࡜㠀ᖖ࡟㧗࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡣ⫗ኌࡲࡓࡣྜᡂ㡢ኌ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㡢ኌࡢ෌⏕ヰ ⿕㦂⪅⩌ู࡟ᚓⅬࡢศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ㏿ᗘࡣࠊ㡢⛬ࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃࠊ㏻ᖖヰ㏿ᗘ

3 ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜ࡶࠊ⿕㦂⪅ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࠊࢸࢫࢺ࣓

ࡢ 0.75 ಸ㏿ࠊ1 ಸ㏿ࠊ1.5 ಸ㏿ࠊ2 ಸ㏿ࠊ2.5ࢹ࢕࢔ࠊၥ㢟ࠊฟ㢟㡰ᗎࡢ 4 せᅉ࡟᭷ព࡞୺

ಸ㏿ࡢ 5 ẁ㝵࡟ࠊ௵ព࡟ษࡾ᭰࠼ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋຠᯝࡣࠊ୍ࡘࡢ౛እࢆ㝖ࡁㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ ၥ㢟ࡢせᅉࡣࠊ㧗ᰯධヨ⏝ⱥㄒࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢ

౛እࡣࠊᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢࢸࢫࢺ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢせࢸࢫࢺၥ㢟 1 ၥࡎࡘࡢ 3 ࢭࢵࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ᅉ࡟᭷ព࡞୺ຠᯝࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࢩࢵࣇ࢙ࡢ ᐇ㦂ᡭ⥆ࡁࡣࠊヨ㦂᫬㛫ࢆไ㝈ࡋ࡞࠸సᴗ

ከ㔜ẚ㍑ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢṇゎไ㝈ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋḟࡢ(1)㹼(8)ࡢ㡰ᗎ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ

⋡ࡀࠊᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟ప࠿ࡗࡓࡓ

㻝㻝㻟ࡵ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣࠊ⿕㦂⪅ᩘࡀ 9 ฟ㢟㡰ᗎࡢせᅉࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣࠊᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ྡ࡜ࡈࡃᑡ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊཎᅉࡣ୙࡛᫂࠶ࡿࠋ

ཬࡧ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋⅬᏐ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣ᭷ព࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊከ㔜ẚ㍑

⾲ 㻝㻌 ⿕㦂⪅⩌ู䠈䝔䝇䝖䝯䝕䜱䜰ูṇゎ⋡㻌
ⅬᏐ㻌
ⅬᏐ⿕⫗ኌᵓ㐀⾲㻌
㦂⪅⩌㻌ྜᡂᵓ㐀⾲㻌
ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌ᙅど⿕䝬䝹䝏䝰䞊䝎䝹㦂⪅⩌㻌ᣑ኱ᩥᏐ㻌⫗ኌᵓ㐀⾲㻌
೺ᖖ⿕
㏻ᖖᩥᏐ㻌
㦂⪅⩌㻌
ྜᡂᵓ㐀⾲㻌

ᖹᆒ್㻌

ᶆ‽೫ᕪ

㻜㻚㻤㻟㻌
㻜㻚㻥㻠㻌
㻜㻚㻣㻤㻌
㻜㻚㻡㻢㻌
㻜㻚㻤㻥㻌
㻝㻚㻜㻜㻌
㻜㻚㻣㻤㻌
㻜㻚㻥㻟㻌
㻜㻚㻤㻡㻌

㻜㻚㻟㻤㻟㻠㻌
㻜㻚㻞㻟㻡㻣㻌
㻜㻚㻠㻞㻣㻣㻌
㻜㻚㻡㻞㻣㻌
㻜㻚㻟㻟㻟㻟㻌
㻜㻚㻜㻜㻜㻌
㻜㻚㻠㻞㻟㻢㻌
㻜㻚㻞㻢㻢㻥㻌
㻜㻚㻟㻢㻞㻜㻌

ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ3 ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜ࡶࠊ1 ␒┠ࠊ2 ␒┠ࠊ3␒┠࡜ฟ㢟㡰ᗎࡀᚋ࡟࡞ࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚ゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࡀ▷ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ㡰ᗎຠᯝࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ ḟ࡟ࠊゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࡢศᕸࢆࠊࢸࢫࢺ࣓ࢹ
࢕࢔㛫࡛ẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࢸࢫࢺ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ูゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࡢศᕸࡢ⟽ࡦࡆᅗཬࡧࢩࢵࣇ࢙ࡢ
ከ㔜ẚ㍑⤖ᯝࢆᅗ 4 ࡟♧ࡍࠋࠕ᳨ᐃ⤖ᯝࠖࡢḍࡢ⥺࡛⤖ࡤࢀࡓࢸࢫࢺ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔㛫࡟ࡣ᭷ពᕪࡀ↓࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ ࡞࠾ࠊᮏㄽᩥ࡛ࡣ᳨ᐃࡢ᭷ពỈ‽ࡣࡍ࡭᳨࡚ᐃ⤖ᯝ5㸣࡜ࡋࡓࠋ

ⅬᏐ⿕㦂⪅⩌㻌 ࣐࣭ࣥ࣍࢖ࢵࢺࢽ࣮ࡢ᳨ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝࠊⅬᏐ⿕㻌 ⅬᏐ㻌

㦂⪅⩌ࡢⅬᏐၥ㢟ࠊᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢᣑ኱ᩥᏐ㻌 ྜᡂᵓ㐀⾲㻌

ၥ㢟ࠊ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡢṇゎ⋡㻌 ⫗ኌᵓ㐀⾲㻌

㛫࡟ࡍ࡭࡚᭷ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀࡎࠊ3 ⿕㦂⪅⩌ᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌㻌ࡢⱥㄒࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࡢᏛ⩦฿㐩ᗘࡣࠊ࡯㻌 ᣑ኱ᩥᏐ㻌ࡰྠ⛬ᗘ࡜᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ㻌 䝬䝹䝏䝰䞊䝎䝹 ࡲࡓࠊ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢࢸࢫ㻌 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌

ࢺ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢᚓⅬ㛫࡟ࡶ᭷ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀࡎࠊ
ᮏࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣࠊ5 ✀㢮ࡢ࡝ࡢࢸࢫࢺ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔࡛ࡶࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢ⬟ຊࡢ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌㻌㻌 ㏻ᖖᩥᏐ㻌㻌 ྜᡂᵓ㐀⾲㻌ᐃ㻌 ⫗ኌᵓ㐀⾲㻌
㻌ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢฟࡉࢀࡓࠋ
㸦2㸧ゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫

0             15㸦ศ㸧 ゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫࡟ᑐࡍࡿ 4 せᅉࡢཬࡰࡍຠᯝᅗ  ࢸࢫࢺ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ูゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࡢ   ศᕸࡢ⟽ࡦࡆᅗࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ⿕㦂⪅⩌ู࡟ศᩓศᯒ࡜ࢩ
ࢵࣇ࢙ࡢከ㔜ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ⅬᏐ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࡣࠊⅬᏐၥ㢟 ࢸࢫࢺ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢせᅉࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣࠊⅬᏐ⿕ࡀ௚ࡢ 2 ࡘࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡼࡾࡶⱝᖸ

㦂⪅⩌ࡣ᭷ព࡛࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ௚ࡢᙅど▷࠸ࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ᭷ព࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ

⿕㦂⪅⩌ཬࡧ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟࡜࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲ ⿕㦂⪅ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢせᅉࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣࠊ3 ⿕㦂ࣝၥ㢟ࡣࠊᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟

⪅⩌࡜ࡶࡍ࡭࡚᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

▷࠿ࡗࡓࠋྠᵝ࡟ࠊ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐ ၥ㢟ࡢせᅉࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣࠊᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ཬࡧၥ㢟ࡣࠊ௚ࡢ 2 ࡘࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡼࡾ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋⅬᏐ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡶ᭷ព࡟▷࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

ࡣ᭷ព࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊከ㔜ẚ㍑ࡢ⤖ ࣐࣭ࣥ࣍࢖ࢵࢺࢽ࣮ࡢ᳨ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝࠊࢸࢫࢺ

ᯝࠊ3 ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜ࡶࠊࢭࢵࢺ 3ࠊࢭࢵࢺ 2ࠊࢭ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ูゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࢆ⿕㦂⪅⩌㛫࡛ẚ㍑

ࢵࢺ 1 ࡢ㡰࡟ゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࡀ㛗࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࢸࢫࢺ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡣ 3 ࡘ࡟኱ูࡉࢀࡿࠋ

㻝㻝㻠೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡣࠊⅬᏐ⿕㦂⪅㛫ࢆไ㝈ࡋ࡞࠸᮲௳ୗ࡛ࡣࠊ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ⩌ࡢⅬᏐၥ㢟ཬࡧᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ

ⅬᏐၥ㢟ࠊᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟ࠊ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ

㢟࡜࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟▷࠸ࠋ㢟ࠊᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢⱥㄒࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸ

ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊⅬᏐၥ㢟࡜ᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡲࡓࡣ࣐ࣝ

ࢫࢺࡢṇゎ⋡ࡣࠊ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ

ࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟㛫࡟ࡣࠊ᭷ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞

㢟࡜ྠ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡾ᭷ពᕪࡶㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

࠸ࠋ୍᪉ࠊ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟ࠊⅬᏐၥ㢟ࠊᣑ኱ᩥ ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࢆ㐺ṇ໬ࡍࢀࡤࠊ㞀ᐖཷ㦂Ꮠၥ㢟ࠊ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫⪅ࡶ೺ᖖཷ㦂⪅࡜බᖹ࡟ࠊⱥㄒࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸ

ࡣࠊ⫗ኌࡲࡓࡣྜᡂ㡢ኌࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥࢫࢺࢆཷ㦂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ☜࠿࡟ࠊ㢟ࡼࡾࡶᴫࡡ᭷ព࡟▷࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ

೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫㸦3㸧ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃࡣ᭷ព࡟▷࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿ ⅬᏐ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜ᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢࢸࢫࢺ࣓ࢹ

බᖹ࡞ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࢀࡤ

࢕࢔ูゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࡢୗࣄࣥࢪࠊ୰ኸ್ࠊୖ

㸦Fujiyoshi and Fujiyoshi, 2003㸧ࠊබᖹ࠿ࡘ

ࣄࣥࢪࢆ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡢゎ⟅㐺ษ࡞ࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࡢᐇ᪋ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋᡤせ᫬㛫ࡢୗࣄࣥࢪࠊ୰ኸ್ࠊୖࣄࣥࢪ࡛ࡑ

ࡓ࡜࠼ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡀ 2 ಸࢆ㉸࠼ࡿሙྜࡶࠊ

ࢀࡒࢀ๭ࡗ࡚ヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃ್ࢆồࡵၥ㢟ฟ㢟㔞ࢆ㐺ṇ໬ࡍࢀࡤබᖹ࡞ヨ㦂ࡣྍ⬟⾲ 2 ࡟♧ࡍࠋ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⾲ 㻞㻌 ⿕㦂⪅⩌ู䠈䝔䝇䝖䝯䝕䜱䜰ูヨ㦂᫬㛫㻌ᘏ㛗⋡䛾᥎ᐃ್㻌

 ⤖ㄽ

⿕㦂
⪅⩌㻌

䝔䝇䝖䝯䝕䜱䜰㻌

ୗ䝠䞁
䝆㻌
㻝㻚㻢㻡㻌
ⅬᏐ ⅬᏐၥ㢟㻌⿕㦂 ྜᡂᵓ㐀⾲㻌㻞㻚㻠㻞㻌⪅⩌㻌 ⫗ኌᵓ㐀⾲㻌
㻞㻚㻡㻤㻌
㻝㻚㻤㻡㻌
ᙅど ᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟㻌⿕㦂 䝬䝹䝏䝰䞊䝎䝹㻌 㻞㻚㻟㻠㻌⪅⩌㻌 ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㻌
㻞㻚㻟㻠㻌

ಸ⋡㻌
୰ኸ
್㻌
㻞㻚㻞㻝㻌
㻞㻚㻢㻝㻌
㻞㻚㻤㻥㻌
㻝㻚㻡㻡㻌
㻝㻚㻥㻠㻌
㻝㻚㻥㻡㻌

 ぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ᪉ᘧࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸ
ࢫࢺࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢⅬᏐၥ㢟ཬࡧ

ୖ䝠䞁
䝆㻌
㻞㻚㻝㻤㻌
㻞㻚㻝㻞㻌
㻞㻚㻢㻤㻌
㻝㻚㻠㻟㻌
㻝㻚㻠㻞㻌
㻞㻚㻢㻞㻌

㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡲࡓࡣᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠊ࣐ࣝ
ࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟࡜ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟
㸦Fujiyoshi et al., 2010, 2012; ⸨ⰾ௚ 2011,2012㸧ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ
ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢཷ㦂⪅ࡢࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂➼ࡢⱥㄒࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ୰ኸ್࠿ࡽࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ᘏ㛗⋡ࡢ᥎ᐃ್ࡣࠊ

ᚑ᮶ࠊཷ㦂ࢆ᩿ᛕࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ୰㏵ኻ

ⅬᏐ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣⅬᏐၥ㢟ࡀ 2.2 ಸࠊᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀᫂⪅ࠊ≉࡟㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ཬࡧ㔜ᗘࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡀ 2.6 ಸ࡞࠸ࡋ 2.9 ಸ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

⪅ࡢࠊⱥㄒࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࡢཷ㦂ࢆྍ⬟࡟ྠᵝ࡟ࠊᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣࠊᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡀ 1.6

ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ಸࠊ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡀ 1.9 ಸࠊᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀 ⮬ᚊⓗ࡟᫬㛫㓄ศࢆࡋ࡚ゎ⟅ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛

⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡀ 2.0 ಸ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ࡁࡿ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ᪉ᘧࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࡢ
㛤Ⓨࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢࣃ࣮࣡ࢸࢫࢺ᪉ᘧ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊ ⪃ᐹ

୍ᐃࡢヨ㦂᫬㛫ෆ࡟ఱၥṇ⟅ࡍࡿ࠿ࢆၥ࠺ࢫ ホ౯ᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᮏࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࢩࢫ

ࣆ࣮ࢻࢸࢫࢺ᪉ᘧࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࡢタィ

ࢸ࣒ࡣࠊ5 ✀㢮ࡢ࡝ࡢࢸࢫࢺ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔࡟ࡼࡗ
࡚ࡶࠊࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢ⬟ຊࡢࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࠋ᭦࡟ࠊၥ㢟㡢ኌࡢ෌⏕ヰ㏿ᗘᐃࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࡇ

ࡶࠊ⿕㦂⪅ࡀ௵ព࡟ㄪᩚྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛࡜ࡀぢฟࡉࢀࡓࠋ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢⱥㄒࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢ

ࡁࡿࡓࡵࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࢸࢫࢺ᪉ᘧࡢࣜࢫ

ࢸࢫࢺࡢᏛ⩦฿㐩ᗘࡀྠ⛬ᗘࡢሙྜࠊヨ㦂᫬ࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ㻝㻝㻡 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢫ࢟ࣕࢼෆⶶࡢࢹࢪࢱ࣮ࣝ࢜

BPLOT2”, ICCHP 2008, LNCS 5105,

ࢹ࢕࢜ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࡣࠊ1 ྎ 3 ༓෇⛬ᗘ࡜ప౯᱁

Springer-Verlag: 938-945.

࡛࠶ࡾࠊᑠつᶍࡲࡓࡣ୰つᶍࡢపࢥࢫࢺࡢࣜ

⸨ⰾ ⾨࣭⸨ⰾ᫂⏕࣭㟷ᯇ฼᫂ (2010). 㔜ᗘࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚㐺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ཬࡧ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡢཷ㦂ࢆ ⌧ᅾࠊ2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ᪉ᘧࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫ

ྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢺࡢᐇ᪋ࢆᐜ᫆࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫ

ࡢ㛤Ⓨ, ࠕ኱Ꮫධヨ◊✲ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝࠖ, 20,ࢺࡢ࣮࢜ࢧࣜࣥࢢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

131-138.

ࡲࡓࠊࢹࢪࢱ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢹ࢕࢜ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࡢ౑࠸຾

Fujiyoshi, M., Fujiyoshi, A., Aomatsu T.

ᡭࢆࡼࡾྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࠊᨵⰋࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

(2010). “New Testing Method for the ࡞࠾ࠊᮏࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣࠊ
ࠕࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺ࡟

Dyslexic and the Newly Blind with a⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿᩥ᭩᝟ሗ෌⏕ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ཬࡧᙜヱᩥ

Digital Audio Player and Document᭩᝟ሗ෌⏕ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿၥ㢟⏝⣬ࠖStructure Diagrams”, in K. Miesenberger࡜ࡋ࡚ᖹᡂ 24 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 4 ᪥࡟≉チฟ㢪ࢆࡋࡓ

et al. (Eds.): ICCHP 2010, Part I, LNCS

㸦≉㢪 2012-150841㸧ࠋ6179, Springer-Verlag: 116–123.
⸨ⰾ ⾨࣭༡㇂࿴⠊࣭⸨ⰾ᫂⏕࣭㟷ᯇ฼࣭᫂⃝ㅰ㎡ᓮ㝧ᙪ (2011). ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅࠾ࡼࡧ㔜ᗘ ᮏ◊✲ࡣᖹᡂ 23㹼25 ᖺᗘ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ

ࡢᙅど⪅ࡢࡓࡵࡢᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ

㔠ᇶ┙◊✲(B)23300313 ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⾜ࡗࡓ◊࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨ㸪ࠕ኱Ꮫධヨ◊✲ࢪ✲ࡢ୍㒊࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

࣮ࣕࢼࣝࠖ, 21㸪181-190.
Fujiyoshi, M., Fujiyoshi, A., Oosawa A.,ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩

Aomatsu, T., Sawazaki, H., (2012).

⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮(2012a). ࣜ“Development of Two Types of Newࢫࢽࣥࢢ㸪ࠕ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ཷ㦂

Auditory Testing Media with Paper᱌ෆࠖ㸪37-43.

Booklets and Digital Audio Players for⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦2012b).ⱥㄒ

the Active Reading of Test-takers withࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢ࡟࠾ࡅࡿヨ㦂᫬㛫ࡢᘏ㛗᪉

Print Disabilities”, in K. Miesenbergerᘧ㸪ࠕ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ཷ㦂᱌ෆู෉ࠖ㸪et al. (Eds.): ICCHP 2012, Part I,

14-15.

LNCS 7382, 111-118.

Fujiyoshi, M. and Fujiyoshi, A. (2003).

⸨ⰾ ⾨࣭༡㇂࿴⠊࣭኱⃝ᙲᏊ࣭ᑠᒣ⏣ᐶྐ࣭“Estimating testing time extension⸆ᖌᑎ㥴௓࣭᪂஭భᘺ࣭ΎỈཌ௓࣭㟷ᯇ

ratios for students with disabilities฼࣭᫂⃝ᓮ㝧ᙪ࣭⸨ᇽᰤᏊ࣭᳃⏣⫄Ꮚfrom item cumulative curves”, New(2012). 㖄➹ࢆ㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟⨨ࡁ

Developments

Psychometrics:᥮࠼ࡓ⣬➹ࢸࢫࢺឤぬࡢ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ

International㢟ࡢホ౯㸪ࠕ኱Ꮫධヨ◊✲ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝࠖ㸪

Proceedings

in
of

the

Meeting of the Psychometric Society

22㸪199-208.
ෆ⏣↷ஂ࣭኱ὠ㉳ኵ࣭▼ሯᬛ୍ (2006). ⱥㄒ

IMPS 2001, 265-272.

ࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢ࣭᪋⾜ࢸࢫࢺࡢᐇ᪋⤒㐣࡜ཷ

Fujiyoshi, M., Fujiyoshi A., Otake, N.,“The⫈ᶵჾ㑅ᐃࡢࡓࡵࡢ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ⤖Development of a Universal Designᯝ㸪ࠕ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮◊✲⣖せࠖ㸪35㸪

Tactile Graphics Production System

1-18.

Yamaguchi,

K.

(2008).

㻝㻝㻢➨ 3 ❶ 㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿබᖹ࡞ヨ㦂ᐇ᪋࡟㈨ࡍࡿ
୰㛗ᮇⓗ࡞せ⣲ᢏ⾡ࡢ◊✲㻝㻝㻣➨ 1 ⠇ ᴫせ ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ◊✲ࡢ୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿබᖹ࡞ヨ㦂ᐇ᪋࡟㈨ࡍࡿ୰㛗ᮇⓗ࡞せ⣲ᢏ⾡ࡢ◊✲ࢆ᥎ᩙࡋࡓࠋᮏ❶࡛ࡣࠊᙜヱ◊✲࡟ヱᙜࡍࡿ㸰Ⅼࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ௨ୗ⠇ࢆศࡅ࡚グࡍࠋ ICT㸦Information and Communication Technology, ᝟ሗ㏻ಙᢏ⾡㸧࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ
ࢆ୰᰾࡜ࡋࡓ୍㐃ࡢᢏ⾡ࡣࠊ⌧⾜ࡢヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ࡢ୰㛗ᮇⓗ࡞ᨵၿࠊຠ⋡໬ࠊྜ⌮໬ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ㝿࡟ࠊࡑࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿࠋ୰㛗ᮇⓗ࡞ᒎᮃ࡟❧ࡕヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ࠊ࡜ࡾࢃࡅ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅ࡢヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ࡢࢻࣛࢫࢸ࢕ࢵࢡ࡞ኚ㠉ࢆᵓ᝿ࡍࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊICT ࡢ᭷ࡍࡿ₯ᅾⓗ࡞ྍ⬟ᛶࡀࠊ୍ᒙὀព࡟್ࡍࡿࡶ
ࡢ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ⌧⾜ࡢヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ࡢᨵၿࠊᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟ᐇ⌧ࡋ࠺ࡿヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ᙧែࡢ᥈ồ࡜࠸࠺㸰Ⅼ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿබᖹ࡞ヨ㦂ᐇ᪋࡟㈨ࡍࡿಶูࡢせ⣲ᢏ⾡ࡢ◊✲࣭㛤Ⓨࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ⌧⾜ࡢヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ࡢᨵၿ࡟㛵ࢃࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊⅬᏐࠊ㡢ኌฟ㢟ࡢࡓࡵࡢ⮬ືὀグᥦ᱌ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᵓ⠏(ḟ⠇)ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟ᐇ⌧ࡋ࠺ࡿヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ᙧែࡢ᥈ồ࡟㛵ࢃࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ
CBT(Computer Based Testing, ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿヨ㦂)࡟ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿⅬᏐࢹ࢕ࢫࣉ
ࣞ࢖ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ᥦ♧࡟ࡼࡿ㡢ኌヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢ㜀ぴᛶᨵၿࡢ◊✲(ḟࠎ⠇)ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᮏ❶࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿ㸰Ⅼࡢ◊✲ࡣࠊせ⣲ᢏ⾡ࡢ◊✲࡛࠶ࡾࠊࣃࢵࢣ࣮ࢪ໬ࡉࢀࡓࢺ࣮ࢱࣝ࡞ヨ㦂ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᥦ᱌࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ᏶⤖ᛶࡣ᭷ࡉ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢ௦ࢃࡾࠊከᵝ࡞㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿヨ㦂ᐇ᪋࡟࠾࠸࡚ά⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞୍ᐃࡢỗ⏝ᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᡂᯝࢆᑟฟࡍ࡭ࡃㄢ㢟ࢆタᐃࡋࡓࠋ㻝㻝㻥➨ 2 ⠇ どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅࡬ࡢ₎Ꮠㄝ᫂࡜኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ⅬᏐ෉Ꮚၥ㢟࡬ࡢᏐὀ௜
୚ࡢ≧ἣࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓⅬᏐࠊ㡢ኌฟ㢟ࡢࡓࡵࡢ⮬ືὀグᥦ᱌ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ◊✲

༡㇂࿴⠊

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どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅࡬ࡢ₎Ꮠㄝ᫂࡜኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ⅬᏐ෉Ꮚၥ㢟࡬ࡢᏐὀ௜୚ࡢ≧ἣࢆ㋃ࡲ
࠼ࡓⅬᏐࠊ㡢ኌฟ㢟ࡢࡓࡵࡢ⮬ືὀグᥦ᱌ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ◊✲༡㇂࿴⠊௬ྡศ࠿ࡕ᭩ࡁࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ᪥ᮏㄒⅬᏐࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿ㔜ᗘどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪₎Ꮠࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ᭩సᡂᢏ⾡ࢆ౑࠸ࡇ࡞ࡍᇶ♏࡜࡞ࡿ⬟ຊࡢᩍᤵἲ࡜ࢸࢫ
ࢺ᪉ἲࡢ☜❧ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋึ➼࣭୰➼ᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿ₎Ꮠࡢᣦᑟ࣭ゎㄝࡸヨ㦂ၥ㢟࡟࠾ࡅࡿὀグࡢ௜୚ࡢ⤫୍ࡣ㸪୙༑ศ࡞≧ែ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡿࠋඹ㏻ 1 ḟヨ㦂࠾ࡼࡧࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢࠕᅜㄒࠖ➨ 1 ၥ࣭➨ 2 ၥⅬᏐ෉Ꮚၥ㢟ࡢὀグ௜୚ࡣ㸪㡢ኌ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘࡢศᕸ㸪ᅜㄒ㎡᭩
࡞࠸ࡋᩍ⫱ᇶᮏㄒᙡ࡜ࡢᑐ↷࠿ࡽ࠾࠾ࡴࡡጇᙜ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ௚᪉㸪ὀグࡀ௜ࡉࢀࡓ⌮⏤ࡀุ↛࡜ࡋ࡞࠸ㄒࡶᏑᅾࡋ㸪ὀグ௜୚ᨭ᥼ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋ
1 ⫼ᬒ
1.1 どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ᭩సᡂ㐍ᒎ࡜ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱୖ࡛ࡢ₎Ꮠ౑⏝㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡢㄞࡳ᭩ࡁࡀ୙ྍ⬟࡞㔜ᗘどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡣ㸪௬ྡศ࠿ࡕ᭩ࡁࢆ⾜࠺ⅬᏐࢆ୺ࡓࡿ
᭩グᡭẁ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᚑ᮶ࡢどぬ㞀ᐖ≉ูᨭ᥼ᩍ⫱࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪㔜ᗘどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ⅬᏐࡢ⩦ᚓ࡜ࡑࢀࢆᏛ⩦ᡭẁ࡜ࡍࡿᩍ⫱ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋึ➼࣭୰➼ᩍ⫱ẁ㝵࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࡇࡢ᪉㔪ࡀ㌿᥮ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ▷ᮇⓗ࡟ࡣ⪃࠼࡟ࡃ࠸(ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬, 2012)ࠋ
ࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛㸪೺ᖖ⪅࡬ࡢᩥᏐ᝟ሗⓎಙᡭẁࡢ☜ಖࡣ⥅⥆ⓗ࡟どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢࢽ࣮ࢬ࡜ࡋ࡚
Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ㏆ᖺࡢࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ㸪᝟ሗᢏ⾡ࡢ㐍ᒎࡣ㸪㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ♫఍ཧຍࢆ㜼ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓ㞀ቨࢆ๐ῶ࣭ゎᾘࡍࡿᨭ᥼ᢏ⾡㸦Assistive Technology㸧࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᙺ๭ࡶ₇ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋୖグࡢࢽ࣮ࢬࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿᡭẁ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡢ฼⏝ࡣ᪥ᮏࡢどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ㛫࡛᪩ࡃ࠿ࡽ
ὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᩥ᭩సᡂ࡛ࡣ㸪࡜ࡾࢃࡅ೺ᖖ⪅ࡢ㛫࡛㏻ᖖࡸࡾ࡜
ࡾࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞₎Ꮠ௬ྡ஺ࡌࡾᩥ❶ࢆసᡂ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱୖ࡛ࡢᩥ᭩సᡂ࡟࠾࠸࡚㏻ᖖ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ᪥ᮏㄒ₎Ꮠኚ᥮ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ⏬㠃ୖ࡟ೃ⿵࡜ࡋ࡚⾲♧ࡉࢀࡿ₎ᏐࡢᏐᙧࢆどㄆࡋ㸪㐺ษ࡞ࡶࡢࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿ᪉ᘧࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ
ࡢ᪉ᘧࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲ⏝࠸ࡓሙྜ㸪どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡀ㐺ษ࡞₎Ꮠࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ
どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ₎Ꮠኚ᥮ࡢၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿᥦ᱌ࡀ」ᩘ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀ㸪⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣࠕヲ⣽ㄞࡳ᪉ᘧࠖࡀᐃ╔ࡋᗈࡃ฼⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠ᪉ᘧ࡛ࡣ㸪୍⯡ⓗ࡞᪥ᮏㄒ₎Ꮠኚ᥮ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ
⏝࠸ࡘࡘ㸪ᚲせ࡞᝟ሗࢆ㡢ኌ໬ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔࣮ࣝࢳࣥࢆే⏝ࡍࡿࠋኚ᥮ೃ⿵࡜
ࡋ࡚⏬㠃ୖ࡟⾲♧ࡉࢀࡓᩥᏐࡣ㸪⏝౛࡞࡝ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ༢ᩥࡢᙧ࡛㡢ኌ➼ࡢฟຊࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㸪ࠕᑐ↷ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡢධຊࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ⤒ࡿࠋ
1. ࣮࣮࢟࣎ࢻ࠿ࡽࠕࡓ࠸ࡋࡻ࠺ࠖ࡜ධຊࡋኚ᥮ࢆᐇ⾜ࡍࡿࠋ
2. ⏬㠃ୖࡢኚ᥮ೃ⿵⾲♧఩⨨࡟㑅ᢥೃ⿵࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕᑐ㇟ࠖࡀ⾲♧ࡉࢀࡿࠋྠ᫬࡟㡢ኌ࡛ࠕࡘ࠸ࡢࡓ࠸ ࡒ࠺ࡢࡋࡻ࠺㸦ᑐࡢࠕࡓ࠸ࠖ㸪㇟ࡢࠕࡋࡻ࠺ࠖ㸧ࠖ࡜ฟຊࡉࢀࡿࠋ
3. ධຊࡋࡓ࠸ᩥᏐิࡣ⌧ᅾ㑅ᢥࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿೃ⿵࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ㸪ೃ⿵ࡢ㑅ᢥࢆኚ᭦ࡍࡿࠋ

㻝㻞㻟

4. ⏬㠃ୖࡢኚ᥮ೃ⿵⾲♧఩⨨࡟㑅ᢥೃ⿵࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕᑐ↷ࠖࡀ⾲♧ࡉࢀࡿࠋྠ᫬࡟㡢ኌ࡛ࠕࡘ࠸ࡢࡓ࠸ ࡚ࡿࡢࡋࡻ࠺㸦ᑐࡢࠕࡓ࠸ࠖ㸪↷ࡢࠕࡋࡻ࠺ࠖ㸧ࠖ࡜ฟຊࡉࢀࡿࠋ
5. ධຊࡋࡓ࠸ᩥᏐิࡀ⌧ᅾ㑅ᢥࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿೃ⿵࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ㸪ೃ⿵ࢆ☜ᐃࡍࡿࠋࠕヲ⣽ㄞࡳ᪉ᘧࠖࡣ㸪どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ㛫࡛ᗈࡃ฼⏝ࡉࢀࡿ᪥ᮏㄒධຊ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᮏ✏࡛ࡶὀ┠ࡍࡿ㡢ኌ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ◊✲࣭㛤Ⓨࡶ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(Ώ㎶࡯࠿, 2006)ࠋ௚᪉࡛㸪㏻ᖖࡢᏐᙧࡢどㄆ࡟ࡼࡿኚ᥮࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚㛗᫬㛫ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪㡢ኌฟຊࡉࢀ
ࡿㄝ᫂ᩥࢆ⥅⥆ⓗ࡟⪺ࡁྲྀࡾ㸪ೃ⿵ࡢ㐺ྰࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୍ᐃࡢ࣓ࣥࢱ࣮ࣝࣟࢻ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ㄗኚ᥮ࡀ⏕ࡌࡸࡍ࠸࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡀࣃࢯࢥ࡛ࣥసᡂࡋࡓᩥ❶࡟ࡣㄗኚ᥮
ࡀࡋࡤࡋࡤぢࡽࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ㄆ㆑ࡀ㸪㛵ಀ⪅࠿ࡽ⾲᫂ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ᐃ㔞ⓗ࡞⿬௜ࡅࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
1.2 どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅㸦ඣ㸧࡬ࡢ₎Ꮠᩍ⫱ࡢ≧ἣ
1.2.1 ㄒᙡ⩦ᚓࢆ୺┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿ₎Ꮠㄝ᫂
๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪᪥ᮏㄒⅬᏐࡣ௬ྡศ࠿ࡕ᭩ࡁࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ㄒᙡ⩦ᚓࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡣゝⴥ࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ₎Ꮠ≉࡟ࡑࢀࡽࡢព࿡ࢆព㆑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⫢せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠗᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿࠘࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࠕ࡞࠾㸪ⅬᏐࢆᖖ⏝ࡋ࡚Ꮫ⩦ࡍࡿ⏕ᚐ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪₎Ꮠ࣭₎ㄒࡢព࿡ࡸᵓᡂ➼࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ゎࢆ୍ᒙಁࡍࡓࡵ㸪㐺ษ࡞ᣦᑟࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠋࠖ(ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬, 2012)࡜᫂
グࡉࢀ㸪㔜ᗘどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅㸦ඣ㸧࡬ࡢึ➼࣭୰➼ᩍ⫱࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶゝⴥ࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ₎Ꮠࡢゎㄝࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪1.

㔜ᗘどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡀㄞࡳ᭩ࡁ࡟⏝࠸ࡿᩥᏐࡣ㸪࠶ࡃࡲ࡛௬ྡศ࠿ࡕ᭩ࡁࡢⅬᏐ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ⅬᏐࡢ⩦ᚓ࡟ࡣ㈇ᢸ࡜᫬㛫ࡀᚲせ࡛㸪どぬ㞀ᐖ≉ูᨭ᥼ᩍ⫱ࡢ୺せㄢ㢟ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶
ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢᣦᑟ࡟୺║ࢆ⨨࠿ࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋࡺ࠼࡟

(1) ₎Ꮠࡢㄝ࣭᫂ᣦᑟ࡟㸪೺ᖖ⪅㸦ඣ㸧࡟ᑐࡍࡿ₎Ꮠᣦᑟ࡜ྠỈ‽ࡢ኱ࡁ࡞࢙࢘࢖ࢺࢆ
⨨ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(2) ㄒᙡࡢ⩦ᚓ࠿ࡽ㋃ࡳฟࡋࡓ₎Ꮠࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢᣦᑟࡣ㸪ᶆ‽ⓗ࡞ᩍᤵἲࡀ☜❧ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ2.

₎ᏐࡢᏐᙧࢆຠ⋡ⓗ࡟⌮ゎࡍࡿᡭẁࡀஈࡋࡃ㸪೺ᖖ⪅㸦ඣ㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㒊㤳࡞࡝ࢆᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ࡟₎Ꮠࢆ㌟࡟ࡘࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋ3.

₎Ꮠࡢㄞࡳ᭩ࡁࢆᏛ⩦ࡢᡭẁ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿᶵ఍ࡀ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪₎Ꮠ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ▱㆑ࡢᐃ╔ࡀไ⣙ࡉࢀࡿࠋ

࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㝈⏺ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪೺ᖖ⪅㸦ඣ㸧ࡀ㌟࡟ࡘࡅࡿỈ‽ࡢ₎Ꮠ⌮ゎࡢ⋓ᚓࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
1.2.2 ㏆ᖺࡢືྥ௚᪉࡛ 1.1 ࡛㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡀ೺ᖖ⪅࡜᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ࢆࡸࡾྲྀࡾࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᢏ⾡ⓗ⣲ᆅࡣᩚ࠸ࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪⌧⾜ࡢ≉ูᨭ᥼ᩍ⫱యไୗ࡛㸪㔜ᗘどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅㸦ඣ㸧ࡣⅬ㻝㻞㻠Ꮠࢆ୺ࡓࡿㄞࡳ᭩ࡁࡢᡭẁ࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮫ⩦ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ࡑࡢᚋࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱࡞࠸ࡋᑵປࡢሙ࡟࠾
࠸࡚ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶ࡢࡸࡾྲྀࡾࡀ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢ⬟ຊࡢ⫱ᡂࡣ㸪2006 ᖺ࡟ᅜ㐃࡛᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡓࠕ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢᶒ฼࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᮲⣙࡛ࠖࡶ㔜どࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ೺ᖖ⪅(ඣ)࡜㞀ᐖ⪅(ඣ)ࡀ࡜
ࡶ࡟Ꮫࡧ࣭ാࡃ♫఍ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺࢖ࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢪࣙࣥࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡶ㔜どࡉࢀ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞
ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋᢡ࠿ࡽࡢ㹇㹒ࣜࢸࣛࢩᩍ⫱ࡢ㐍ᒎࡶຍࢃࡾ㸪どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅㸦ඣ㸧࡬ࡢ₎Ꮠᩍ⫱ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡣㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ព㆑ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ࠸ࡲࡔᏳᐃࡋࡓᩍ⫱࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ࡜ࡋ࡚ᡂ❧ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀ㸪᭷ᚿࡢ⇕ᚰ࡞ᣦᑟࡢヨࡳ(⃝⏣, 2007)ࡸ㸪๪ㄞᮏᩍᮦ(ⅬᏐᏛ⩦ࢆᨭ᥼ࡍࡿ఍,2003-2008)ࡢฟ∧ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪1.2.1 ࡟♧ࡋࡓ 3 ࡘࡢไ⣙ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶᵓ㐀ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㏆ᖺࡢືྥࡶࡇࢀࡽࢆඞ᭹ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡣ࡞ࡾ࠼࡚࡞࠸ࠋ
1.2.3 ⅬᏐヨ㦂ၥ㢟࡟௜୚ࡉࢀࡿὀグⅬᏐ࡛ヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࢆฟ㢟ࡍࡿሙྜ㸪ࡋࡤࡋࡤᩥ❶୰ࡢㄒྃࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢὀグࢆ௜୚ࡍࡿࠋ₎Ꮠ௬ྡ஺ࡌࡾᩥ࡟ࡼࡾグ㏙ࡉࢀࡓ᪥ᮏㄒᩥࡣ㸪࠿ࡾ࡟ᩥ᭩୰ࡢ≉ᐃࡢ༢ㄒࡢព࿡ࡀ
ศ࠿ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࡑࡢ༢ㄒࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ₎Ꮠࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ㸪ࡑࡢ₎Ꮠࡢព࿡࠿ࡽ
༢ㄒࡢព࿡ࢆ㢮᥎ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᐜ᫆࡞ሙྜࡀࡋࡤࡋࡤ࠶ࡿࠋ೺ᖖ⪅ࡢ㛫࡛ὶ㏻ࡍࡿᩥ❶ࡣ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㢮᥎ࡀാࡃࡇ࡜ࢆព㆑࣭↓ព㆑࡟᝿ᐃࡋ࡚᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࠋࡇ࠺
ࡋ࡚᭩࠿ࢀࡓᩥ❶ࢆ௬ྡศ࠿ࡕ᭩ࡁࡢⅬᏐ࡟ࡋࡓሙྜ㸪ࡑࡢෆᐜ⌮ゎࡢ㞴᫆ᗘࡣୖ᪼ࡍࡿࠋ
ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㸪ࠕࡦ࠾࠺ࠖ(2008 ᖺᗘࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࠕᅜㄒࠖ➨ 1 ၥ࡟ฟ⌧)࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࢆ௬ྡ࡛♧ࡉࢀ࡚ࡶࡑࡢព࿡ࡀ▐᫬࡟ศ࠿ࡿேࡣከࡃ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࠕ⛎ዟࠖ࡜᭩࠿ࢀࢀࡤࠕ≀஦ࡢ࠾ࡃࡑࡇ㸪⛎ᐦࠖ㸦ࠗᗈ㎡ⱌ࠘㸧ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿゝⴥ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡽ࠿ࡓ㢮᥎࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࠕ⛎ዟࠖࡢ㡢ኌ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘ㸦ᚋ㏙㸧ࡀ 2.312 ࡞ࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᩥᏐ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘࡀ 3.250 ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ
ࡶ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࠕ⮬ศࡢྡ๓࡜⤖ࡧࡘ࠸ࡓࢢࣟࢸࢫࢡ࡞ጼែࡢ⺋࡟ࡲࡘࢃࡿグ᠈ࡀ㸪ቚࡢໝ࠸࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᐙ᪘࡜ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ࡞ࡘ࠿ࡋ࠸ᛮ࠸ฟ࡟ኚ໬ࡋࡓ࠿ࡽࠋ
ࠖ(2007 ᖺᗘࠗᅜㄒ࠘
➨ 2 ၥ㸪ၥ㑅ᢥ⫥)࡜࠸࠺ᩥ❶ࢆ௬ྡ࡛ᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡓሙྜ࡟ࠕࡋࡓ࠸ࠖࢆࠕṚయࠖ࡜ุ᩿ࡍࡿ
ࡇ࡜࡟ࡣྜ⌮ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪₎Ꮠ௬ྡ஺ࡌࡾᩥ࡛ࡣ⏕ࡌ࠼࡞࠸ㄗゎࢆᣍࡃࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⌧㇟ࡣ㸪୍⯡࡟ὶ㏻ࡍࡿᩥ❶ࢆⅬᏐ࡛⾲⌧ࡍࡿሙྜ࡟ᗈࡃぢࡽࢀࡿ⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪࡜ࡾࢃࡅヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢ㞴᫆ᗘ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࠋ㏻ᖖ෉Ꮚࢆ⏝࠸࡚ฟ㢟ࡉࢀࡿ೺ᖖ
⪅࡜ⅬᏐ෉Ꮚࢆ⏝࠸࡚ฟ㢟ࡉࢀࡿどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡀྠࡌヨ㦂ࢆཷ㦂ࡍࡿ㑅ᢤヨ㦂ࡢሙྜ㸪ⅬᏐ໬࡟ࡼࡿ㞴᫆ᗘࡢୖ᪼ࡣබᖹᛶ࡞ࡽࡧ࡟㆑ูຊࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ㔜኱࡞ၥ㢟ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍࠋࡇࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡞⌮⏤࠿ࡽ㸪ⅬᏐヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢᚲせ࡞⟠ᡤ࡟㐺ᐅὀグࢆᤄධࡍࡿᐇ㊶ࡀᐃ╔ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓὀグࡣ㸪Ꮠὀ࡜ព࿡ὀ࡟኱ࡁࡃศ㢮࡛ࡁࡿࠋୖグࡢࠕ⛎ዟࠖࢆ౛࡟ 2 ✀㢮ࡢὀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゎㄝࡍࡿࠋᏐὀ࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕࡦࡳࡘࡢࡦ㸪࠾ࡃࡑࡇࡢ࠾ࡃ㸦⛎ᐦࡢࠕ⛎ࠖ㸪ዟᗏࡢࠕዟࠖ㸧ࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧᘧ࡛₎Ꮠࢆ 1 ᩥᏐ༢఩࡛ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋព࿡ὀ࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕ≀஦ࡢ࠾ࡃࡑࡇ㸪⛎ᐦࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡟༢ㄒ༢఩࡛ព࿡ෆᐜࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪≉࡟Ꮠὀࡣ㸪どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅㸦ඣ㸧࡟ᑐࡍࡿᅜㄒ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ₎Ꮠࡢព࿡ࡢㄝ࣭᫂ᣦᑟ࡜ᐦ᥋࡟㛵㐃ࡍ࡭ࡁࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ⅬᏐヨ㦂ၥ㢟࡟௜ࡉࢀࡿὀグ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪බᖹᛶࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ୍ពࡢㄝ᫂᪉ἲࢆᐃࡵࡿດ

㻝㻞㻡ຊࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪௜୚ࡉࢀࡿㄒࡢ㑅ᐃ࡜ࡑࡢὀグࡢෆᐜࡢసᡂࡣ㸪⌧≧㸪ⅬᏐၥ㢟సᡂ⪅ࡢุ᩿࡟඲㠃ⓗ࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪බᖹᛶࡢᐈほⓗ࡞ᢸಖࡣ༑ศ࡜
ࡣ࠸࠼࡞࠸ࠋ௚᪉࡛㸪ヨ㦂ၥ㢟ᅛ᭷ࡢ஦᝟࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ព࿡ὀ࣭Ꮠὀࡢෆᐜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ᙜヱ኱ၥ୰ࡢၥ㢟࡬ࡢṇゎ࡬ࡢㄏᑟࢆច㉳ࡋ࠿ࡡ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡶ␃ពࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪༢⣧࡟୍ពࡢㄝ᫂᪉ἲࢆᐃࡵ㸪ᶵᲔⓗ࡟ὀグࢆ௜୚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣチࡉࢀࡎ㸪ࡑࡢ㒔ᗘࡢၥ㢟సᡂ⪅ࡢಶูࡢุ᩿ࡣ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍ᐃࡢ᪉㔪࡟ᚑ࠸ྛ✀ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࢆ
⏝࠸࡚ὀグ௜୚ࢆᨭ᥼ࡍࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ၥ㢟సᡂ⪅ࡀὀグࢆỴᐃࡍࡿయไࡢᐇ⌧ࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋ
1.2.4 ศ㔝㛫ࡢᩚྜᛶࡢၥ㢟ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ㄽࡌ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ₎Ꮠ౑⏝ࡢㄢ㢟ࡣ㸪IT ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㸦1.1㸧㸪ึ➼࣭୰➼ᩍ⫱㸦1.2.1 ࠾ࡼࡧ 1.2.2㸧㸪ヨ㦂ฟ㢟㸦1.2.3㸧ࢆᶓ᩿ࡋ࡚ၥ㢟㡿ᇦࢆᵓᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ᚑ᮶㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢศ㔝ࢆᶓ᩿ࡍࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡣ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪᭩ࡃศ㔝࡛ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡢᩚྜᛶࡀ༑ศ☜ಖࡉࢀ࡞࠸≧ἣࡀ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅㸦ඣ㸧ࡣࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࡛ᩥ❶ࢆධຊࡍࡿሙྜ࡜ᤵᴗ࡛
ᣦᑟࢆཷࡅࡿሙྜ㸪ヨ㦂ၥ㢟࡟ゎ⟅ࡍࡿሙྜ࡛ྠࡌ₎Ꮠ࡟ࡘ࠸ู࡚ᵝࡢㄝ᫂ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜
࡟࡞ࡿࠋ≉࡟㸪ึ➼࣭୰➼ᩍ⫱࡜ヨ㦂ฟ㢟ࡢศ㔝࡛ࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛₎Ꮠࡈ࡜࡟୍ពࡢㄝ᫂᪉ἲ
ࢆᐃࡵࡼ࠺࡜ゝ࠺ၥ㢟ព㆑⮬యᕼ࡛ⷧ㸪ࡑࡢ㒔ᗘㄝ᫂ࡢ௙᪉ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵㐃ศ㔝㛫ࡢᩚྜᛶḞዴࡀどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅(ඣ)ࡢ₎Ꮠ⌮ゎಁ㐍ࡢ㜼ᐖせᅉࡢ 1 ࡘࢆᵓᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
2 ᐃ㔞ⓗ࡞ㄪᰝ࣭◊✲ࡢヨࡳࡇ࠺ࡋࡓၥ㢟≧ἣࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪➹⪅ࡣ
1. どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ₎Ꮠ౑⏝ᢏ⬟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ
2. ᪥ᮏㄒㄒᙡ࡟㛵ࡍࡿྛ✀ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ⅬᏐ෉Ꮚၥ㢟ὀグࡢ≉
ᚩࡢᢳฟ
ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
2.1 ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ
2.1.1 ᪉ἲ
๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡀࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱୖ࡛ヲ⣽ㄞࡳ᪉ᘧࢆ⏝࠸࡚సᡂࡋࡓᩥ❶࡟ࡣㄗኚ᥮ࡀᩓぢࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ㄆ㆑ࡀ㸪㛵ಀ⪅ࡢ㛫࡛ࡋࡤࡋࡤㄒࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࢆᐃ㔞ⓗ࡟☜ㄆࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ㄪᰝ࣭◊✲ࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪➹⪅ࡣどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅࡬ࣃࢯࢥࣥᣦᑟࢆ⾜࠺࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪฼⏝⪅㸦どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅㸧ࡢᩥ❶సᡂ≧ἣ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࢔ࣥ
ࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅⮬㌟࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࢆᐇ᪋
ࡋࡓࡢࡣ㸪どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅࡟ࡣㄗᏐࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡍ࡭ࡀஈࡋࡃ⮬ศࡢㄗᏐࡢ㔞ࡸ≉ᚩ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚༑

㻝㻞㻢ศ࡞ㄆ㆑ࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ྍ⬟ᛶ࡟␃ពࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ࡁ࡞⌮⏤࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᐃ㔞ⓗ࡞ㄪᰝ࣭◊✲࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ㸪୍⯡࡟⿕㦂⪅ᐇ㦂ࡶ᭷ᮃ࡞᪉ἲ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ௒ᅇࡢ
ㄢ㢟ࡢሙྜ㸪どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢆ⿕㦂⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ヲ⣽ㄞࡳ᪉ᘧࢆ⏝࠸୍࡚ᐃࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ᭩ࢆධຊࡍ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆㄢ㢟࡜ࡍࡿᐇ㦂ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪
1. ࢪࣕࣥࣝࡸෆᐜୖࡢ㞴ᗘ࡞࡝ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓㄢ㢟ᩥ❶ࡢ㑅ᐃࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸
2. ⤫ィฎ⌮ࡀྍ⬟࡞㔞ࡢㄗኚ᥮ࢆྵࢇࡔᩥ❶ࡢධຊసᴗࡣ⿕㦂⪅࡬ࡢ㐣ᗘࡢ㈇ᢸ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿ
࡜࠸࠺⌮⏤࡟ࡼࡾ᭷ຠ࡞ᐇ㦂ィ⏬ࢆ❧࡚ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࡢᐇ᪋ᙧែ࡟
ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࡣ㸪ᅇ⟅⏝ࡢ࢙࢘ࣈ࣮࣌ࢪࢆタ⨨ࡋ㸪࢙࢘ࣈࣈࣛ࢘ࢨࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᅇ⟅࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࡓࠋ2009 ᖺ 9 ᭶࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋ㸪ᅇ⟅⪅ᩘࡣ 31 ྡ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋタၥࡣ㸪㑅ᢥᘧᅇ⟅࡜グ㏙ᘧᅇ⟅ࢆే⏝ࡋ࡚ィ 13 ၥ࡜ࡋࡓࠋᮏ✏࡟≉࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍࠋ
2.1.2 ⤖ᯝ೺ᖖ⪅࡜ẚ㍑ࡋࡓどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢㄗᏐࡢ㔞࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ከ࠸࡜ࡍࡿᅇ⟅ࡀ 80.6 ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺ㸦25ே㸧㸪ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡀ 9.7 ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺ㸦3 ே㸧㸪ࡼࡃศ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࡀ 9.7 ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺ㸦3 ே㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ᅗ 1 ೺ᖖ⪅࡜ẚ㍑ࡋࡓどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢㄗᏐࡢ㔞どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡀసᡂࡋࡓᩥ᭩࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿㄗᏐࡢ✀㢮ࢆၥ࠺タၥ㸦」ᩘᅇ⟅ྍ㸧࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ྠ㡢␗Ꮠㄒࡢ₎Ꮠㄗኚ᥮ࢆ࠶ࡆࡿᅇ⟅⪅ࡀ 83.9 ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺ㸦26 ே㸧࡛ࡶࡗ࡜ࡶከ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
௚࡟㸪Ꮠ✀ࡀ 45.1 ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺ㸦14 ே㸧㸪඲ゅ࣭༙ゅࡢㄗࡾࡀ 29.0 ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺ㸦9 ே㸧㸪୙ᚲせ࡞₎Ꮠ໬ࡀ 61.3 ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺ㸦19 ே㸧㸪ㄞⅬࡢ㛫㐪࠸ࡀ 32.3 ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺ㸦10 ே㸧㸪࣮࣮࢟࣎ࢻධຊࡢㄗࡾࡀ 41.9 ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺ㸦13 ே㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡼࡃぢ࠿ࡅࡿㄗኚ᥮ࡢ⮬⏤グ㏙࡟ࡣ㸪ே࿨࡜㡢ኌ࡛ࡣุู࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࢆ࠶ࡆࡿᅇ⟅⪅ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ 2 ྡ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ㡢ኌ࡛ࡣุู࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡟ࡣ㸪ࠕࡎࠖ࡜ࠕ࡙ࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡟᪥ᮏㄒࡢⓎ㡢࡛ࡣ༊ูࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡜㸪㡢ኌྜᡂ࢚ࣥࢪࣥࡢኌ㉁࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿ⪺ࡁ㛫㐪࠼ࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲぬ࠼࡚ධຊࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ
ㄗࡾࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀࡓࠋ௚࡟ຓモࡀḞⴠࡍࡿ㸪᪥ᮏㄒධຊࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔ࡢ㐃ᩥ⠇ኚ᥮ᶵ⬟ࡢㄗࡗࡓᩥ⠇༊ษࡾ࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿㄗኚ᥮࡞࡝ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1 ྡࡼࡾᥦ㉳ࡉࢀࡓࠋ㻝㻞㻣

2.2 ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ⅬᏐ෉Ꮚၥ㢟࡟௜ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓὀグࡢ≉ᚩࡢᢳฟ
2.2.1 ᪉ἲ㐣ཤ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓඹ㏻ 1 ḟヨ㦂࠾ࡼࡧࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢⅬᏐ෉Ꮚၥ㢟࡟௜ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓὀグࡢ≉ᚩࢆᢳฟࡍ࡭ࡃศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋඹ㏻ 1 ḟヨ㦂࠾ࡼࡧࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔜ᗘどぬ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅ࡢࡓࡵࡢⅬᏐ෉Ꮚၥ㢟ฟ㢟ࡣ㸪᪤࡟ 30 ᖺ௨ୖ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௬ྡศ࠿ࡕ᭩ࡁ࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿ୙฼ࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵ࡟௜ࡉࢀࡓⅬᏐ෉Ꮚၥ㢟ᅛ᭷ࡢὀグࡣ㸪1000 ௳ࢆ㉸࠼࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜୍࡛ᐃࡢ≉ᚩࡀᢳฟ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ணഛⓗ࡞ศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪≉ᐃࡢᩍ⛉ࡢ≉ᐃࡢ⏝ㄒ࡟ᑐࡍࡿὀグࡀ㢖ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤṔྐᩍ⛉࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪୰ᅜྐୖࡢᅜྡ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶࠕࡋࢇࠖ࡜ㄞࡴࠕ⛙ࠖ㸪ࠕ᫴ࠖ㸪ࠕΎࠖࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࢆ௬ྡ᭩ࡁ࡛༊ูࡍࡿ┠ⓗ࡛㸪㢖⦾࡟ὀグࡀ௜ࡉࢀࡿࡇ
࡜࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪ヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ❶࡟ᑐࡍࡿὀグ௜୚ࡢ≧ἣࢆᐃ㔞ⓗ࡟ᢕᥱࡍࡿ࡜
࠸࠺┠ⓗ࠿ࡽ㸪௒ᅇࡣࠕᅜㄒࠖࡢ➨ 1 ၥ㸪➨ 2 ၥ㸪ࡘࡲࡾ⌧௦ᩥၥ㢟ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࠋศᯒ
ࡣኳ㔝ᡂ᫛࣭㏆⸨බஂ (2003)࡟♧ࡉࢀࡓ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘࡢᑻᗘࢆ⏝࠸࡚⾜ࡗࡓࠋྠ᭩࡛ࡣቑ⿵
∧࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㏣ຍࢆྵࡵ㸪ࠗ᪂᫂ゎᅜㄒ㎡඾➨ᅄ∧࠘グ㍕ࡢ༢ㄒࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㸪⥲ィ 121756 ㄒࡢ
ホᐃࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ༢ㄒࡀ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘ࡞ࡌࡳࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࠿ࢆ⿕㦂⪅ᐇ㦂࡛ホᐃࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྠ᭩࡛ࡣホᐃࡣ 7 ẁ㝵࡛⾜ࢃࢀ㸪1 ࡣࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡌࡳࡀ࡞ࡃ㸪7ࡣࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡌࡳࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ᩘ್໬ࡉࢀࡿࠋኳ㔝ᡂ᫛࣭㏆⸨බஂ (2003)࡛ࡣᩥᏐ
㡢ኌ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘ㸪㡢ኌ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘ㸪ᩥᏐ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘࡢ 3 ✀㢮ࡢ್ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᩥᏐ㡢ኌ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘࡣᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ୧⪅㸪㡢ኌ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘࡣ㡢ኌࡢࡳ㸪ᩥᏐ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘࡣᩥᏐࡢ
ࡳ࡛ࡑࡢ༢ㄒࢆ♧ࡉࢀࡿሙྜࡢ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢぶᐦᗘ࡜࡞ࡿ㸦⾲ 1㸧ࠋ
⾲ 1 ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘࡢ✀㢮࡜≉㉁࢔ࢡࢭࣥࢺ
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⾲
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ᩥ
Ꮠ

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࠶
ࡾ
࡞
ࡋ

࠶ࡾ

࡞ࡋ

ᩥᏐ࣭㡢ኌ༢ㄒ

ᩥᏐ༢ㄒ

㡢ኌ༢ㄒ

௬ྡ⾲グ༢ㄒ ኳ㔝ᡂ᫛࣭㏆⸨බஂ (2003)཰㘓ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ(௨ୗ㸪ྠࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࢆࠗㄒᙡ≉ᛶ࠘ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ࡜␎グ)ᥖ㍕ࡢ඲༢ㄒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪㡢ኌ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘࡢศᕸࢆᅗ 2 ࡢ⟽㧨ᅗ࡟♧ࡍࠋ㡢ኌ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘࡢ୰ኸ್ࡣ 4.625㸪ᖹᆒ್ࡣ 4.319 ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ᅗ 2 ࠗㄒᙡ≉ᛶ࠘ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫᥖ㍕༢ㄒࡢ㡢ኌ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘศᕸ
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㻝㻞㻤

ඹ㏻ 1 ḟヨ㦂࠾ࡼࡧࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢࠕᅜㄒࠖ➨ 1 ၥ࣭➨ 2 ၥⅬᏐ෉Ꮚၥ㢟࡟࠾࠸࡚ὀグࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓㄒࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ぶᐦᗘࡢ್ࢆྲྀࡿ࠿ࢆぢࡿࠋ௨ୗ㸪ᮏ✏࡛୰ᚰⓗ࡟⏝࠸ࡿࡢࡣ㡢ኌ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪₎Ꮠࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᩥᏐ⾲⌧࡛༢ㄒࢆᥦ♧ࡋࡓሙྜࡢぶᐦᗘ࡛࠶ࡿᩥᏐ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘࡀ㸪௬ྡศ࠿ࡕ᭩ࡁࡢⅬᏐ࡛ࡢ⾲⌧ࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪㐺ᙜ࡛࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏㄒⅬᏐ࡟ࡼࡿ⾲グࡣ㸪㡢ኌ⾲⌧࡟‽ᣐࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ὀグࢆ௜ࡉࢀࡓ
ㄒࡢ㡢ኌ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘࢆぢࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪᪥ᮏㄒⅬᏐ⾲グ࡛ࡣ㡢ኌ⾲⌧࡛⾲ࡉࢀࡿ࢔ࢡࢭࣥࢺ࣭
ᢚᥭࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡎ㸪㡢ኌ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘࢆⅬᏐ⾲グ࡟ࡼࡿ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘ࡜᏶඲࡟ྠ୍どࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ௜ゝࡍࡿࠋ

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ᅗ 3 2000 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽ 2010 ᖺᗘᐇ᪋ศࢭࣥࢱ࣮
ヨ㦂ࠕᅜㄒࠖ➨ 1 ၥ࣭➨ 2 ၥ୰ࡢྡモ㸪ືモ㸪ᙧᐜモ㸪ᙧᐜືモ㸪๪モ࡟ᒓࡍࡿㄒࡢ㡢ኌ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘศᕸணࡵၥ㢟ศ඲⯡ࡢㄒᙡࡢ㞴᫆ᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢぢ㏻ࡋࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪2000 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽ 2010 ᖺᗘᐇ᪋ศࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࠕᅜㄒࠖ➨ 1 ၥ㸪➨ 2 ၥࢆᑐ㇟࡟௨ୗࡢศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ඲ฟ㢟㛗ᩥࢆᙧែ⣲ゎᯒࡋ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡓ 30404 ࡢせ⣲࠿ࡽ㔜」ࢆྲྀࡾ㝖ࡃ࡜ 4245 ༢ㄒࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇ
ࢀࡽࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ὀグࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡾ㞴᫆ᗘࢆᕥྑࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿရモ㸦ྡモ㸪ືモ㸪ᙧᐜモ㸪ᙧᐜືモ㸪๪モ㸧࡟ᒓࡍࡿࡶࡢ 3683 ㄒࡢ㡢ኌ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘࡢศᕸࢆᅗ 3 ࡢ⟽㧨ᅗ࡟♧ࡍࠋ㡢ኌ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘࡢ୰ኸ್ࡣ 5.500㸪ᖹᆒ್ࡣ 5.247 ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
2.2.2 ⤖ᯝࠕᅜㄒࠖ➨ 1 ၥ࣭➨ 2 ၥ୰࡛ྜィ 156 ௳ࡢὀグࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ࡑࡢㄒ࡟ヱᙜࡍࡿぢฟࡋㄒࡀࠗㄒᙡ≉ᛶ࠘ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡣ 114 ௳࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ
ࡇ࡛࠸࠺ヱᙜࡍࡿぢฟࡋㄒࡣ㸪
1. ヨ㦂ၥ㢟୰࡛ࠕ࣭࣭࣭ⓗࠖ㸪ࠕ࣭࣭࣭ᛶࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄒ࡟ὀグࡀ௜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ࡟㸪ࠗㄒᙡ≉ᛶ࠘ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫୖࡢࠕⓗࠖࡸࠕᛶࠖࢆ┬࠸ࡓぢฟࡋㄒࢆࡑࡢㄒࡢぶᐦᗘ࡜ぢ࡞ࡋࡓࡶࡢ
2. ヨ㦂ၥ㢟୰࡛ྡモ㸩ࢧኚືモ࡟ὀグࡀ௜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ࡟㸪ࠗㄒᙡ≉ᛶ࠘ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫୖ
ࡢᙜヱྡモぢฟࡋㄒࢆࡑࡢㄒࡢぶᐦᗘ࡜ぢ࡞ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡶྵࡴࠋ㡢ኌ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘࡀ☜ㄆ࡛㻝㻞㻥ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓㄒࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪10 ௳ࡣࠗㄒᙡ≉ᛶ࠘ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫୖ࡟ぢฟࡋㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪㡢ኌ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘࡀḞᦆ್࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ32 ௳㸦20.5 ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺ࡟┦ᙜ㸧ࡣࠗㄒᙡ≉ᛶ࠘ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟ぢฟࡋㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
ࠗㄒᙡ≉ᛶ࠘ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࡀ
ᅜㄒ㎡᭩ᥖ㍕ࡢぢฟࡋㄒࢆ⥙⨶ⓗ࡟཰㘓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ຺᱌ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ࡇࢀࡽᮍᥖ㍕ࡢㄒࡣ㸪࡞ࡌࡳࡢ࡞࠸ㄒ࡜᝿ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢㄒࢆಶู࡟☜ㄆࡍࡿ࡜㸪ၥ㢟୰࡛⣲ᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࡿ㛗ᩥࡢⴭ⪅ࡢ㐀ㄒࡀከࡃࢆ༨ࡵࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪ࠗㄒᙡ≉ᛶ࠘ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࡢぢฟࡋㄒ࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࡇࢀࡽ 32 ௳ࡢㄒࢆ࡞ࡌࡳࡢ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪༢ㄒぶᐦᗘࡢ᭱ప
್ 1 ࢆ୚࠼࡚ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋศᕸࢆᅗ 4 ࡢ⟽㧨ᅗ࡟♧ࡍࠋ㡢ኌ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘࡢ୰ኸ್ࡣ
4.000㸪ᖹᆒ್ࡣ 3.659 ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

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ᅗ 4 ඹ㏻ 1 ḟヨ㦂࠾ࡼࡧࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢࠕᅜㄒࠖ➨ 1 ၥ࣭➨ 2 ၥⅬᏐ෉Ꮚၥ㢟࡟࠾࠸࡚ὀグࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓㄒࡢ
㡢ኌ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘศᕸ
146 ௳ࡢὀグࡀ௜ࡉࢀࡓㄒࡢ㡢ኌ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘ࡜ࠗㄒᙡ≉ᛶ࠘ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫᥖ㍕ࡢ඲༢ㄒࡢ
㡢ኌ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ5%᭷ពỈ‽࡛ᕪࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋὀグࢆ௜ࡉࢀࡓㄒࢆಶูⓗ࡟ぢࡿ࡜㸪ࠕ㞀ᐖࠖ㸪ࠕᣦ♧ࡍࡿࠖ
㸪ࠕᨺᨈࠖ㸪ࠕసᗞࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡟ྠ
㡢␗ᏐㄒࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿㄒࡀከᩘぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ
2.3 ᅜ❧ᅜㄒ◊✲ᡤ(2009)཰㘓ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࢆ⏝࠸ࡓศᯒ
2.3.1 ᪉ἲᅜ❧ᅜㄒ◊✲ᡤ(2009)ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ὀグ௜୚ࡢ㐺ᛶࢆศᯒࡋࡓࠋᅜ❧ᅜㄒ◊✲ᡤ(2009)࡟ࡣ 7
Ⅼࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ᇶᮏㄒᙡ㞟(⥲ィ 27234 ㄒ)ࢆ཰㍕ࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ(௨ୗ㸪ࠕᩍ⫱ᇶᮏㄒᙡࢹ
࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࠖ࡜␎グ)ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿࠋࠕᩍ⫱ᇶᮏㄒᙡࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࠖ࡟ࡣ
1. ㄒᙡ㞟ࡢ኱༙ࡀึ➼ᩍ⫱ẁ㝵࡛Ꮫ⩦ࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁㄒᙡࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
2. ㄒᙡ㞟㛫࡛཰㘓ࡉࢀࡓㄒᙡ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᕪ␗ࡀ࠶ࡿ
3. ཰㘓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᩍ⫱ᇶᮏㄒᙡ㞟ࡀྂࡃ㸪ㄒᙡᩘࡢ⥲ィࡀึ➼ᩍ⫱⤊஢ẁ㝵ࡢࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚
ࡶ୙༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࡜࠸ࡗࡓၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ᮏ✏ࡀᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢᐃ㔞ⓗ࡞ศᯒ࡟ࡑࡢࡲࡲ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋ௚᪉࡛㸪ࠕᩍ⫱ᇶᮏㄒᙡࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࠖ࡟཰㘓ࡉࢀࡓㄒᙡࡣ㸪ึ➼㸦୰➼㸧ᩍ㻝㻟㻜⫱⤊஢ẁ㝵࡛Ꮫࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛㸪≉ẁࡢ⌮⏤ࡀ࡞࠸㝈ࡾὀグࢆ௜ࡍᚲせࡢ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡜ࡍ
ࡿᇶ‽࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ᭷ព⩏࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪ὀグࢆ௜ࡉࢀࡓㄒࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ᙜヱࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟ࡶ
ฟ⌧ࡍࡿࡶࡢࢆᇶᮏⓗ࡞ㄒᙡ࡛࠶ࡿ࡟ࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎὀグࡀ௜ࡉࢀࡓㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ಶู࡟᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
2.3.2 ⤖ᯝὀグࡢ௜ࡉࢀࡓㄒ 156 ௳୰ 54 ௳(34.6%)ࡀࠕᩍ⫱ᇶᮏㄒᙡࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࠖ࡟ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢㄒࡢ኱༙ࡣ㸪
1. ࠕጼែࠖ㸪ࠕどぬࠖ㸪ࠕ⮳ㄔࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓྠ㡢␗Ꮠㄒࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡶࡢ(39 ௳)
2. ࠕಶࠖ㸪ࠕ㈨ࠖ
㸪ࠕ▱ࠖ࡜ゝࡗࡓ௬ྡࡢࡳ࡛ࡣุ᩿ࡀᅔ㞴࡞ࡶࡢ(12 ௳)࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ὀグࢆ௜ࡍࡇ࡜ࡢ᰿ᣐࡣྰᐃࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
௚᪉㸪ࠕ୺ᐈ(2007 ᖺᗘ㸪➨ 1 ၥ)ࠖ㸪ࠕ⪁ቃ(2000 ᖺᗘ㸪➨ 1 ၥ)ࠖ࡜ゝࡗࡓୖグ 2 㢮ᆺ࡟ヱᙜࡋ࡞࠸ㄒࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋⅬᏐ෉Ꮚၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ྛࠎᩍ⛉ࡢ㏻ᖖ෉Ꮚၥ㢟࡟㛵ࡋ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡿヨ㦂ၥ㢟ホ౯ጤဨ఍࡟ࡼࡿ᳨ドࡣ⾜ࢃࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࠗヨ㦂ၥ㢟ホ౯ጤဨ఍ሗ࿌᭩࠘࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿࠕ➨ 3 ၥ㢟సᡂ㒊఍ࡢぢゎࠖ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿ㈨ᩱࡶ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢὀグ௜୚࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᰿ᣐࡸస㢟⪅ࡢពᅗࢆ᥎ࡋ㔞ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡣ㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
3 ⤖ㄽ࡜௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟
3.1 ⤖ㄽ
ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡢㄪᰝ࣭◊✲࠿ࡽ௨ୗࡢࡇ࡜ࡀ࠸࠼ࡿࠋ
1. どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡀࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱୖ࡛ヲ⣽ㄞࡳ᪉ᘧࢆ⏝࠸࡚సᡂࡋࡓᩥ❶࡟ࡣㄗኚ᥮ࡀᩓ
ぢࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ㄆ㆑ࡣ㸪ᙼࡽࡢࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ฼⏝ࢆᨭ᥼ࡍࡿேᮦࡢ㛫࡛ᗈࡃඹ᭷ࡉࢀ
࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢㄆ㆑ࡣጇᙜ࡜ゎࡉࢀࡿࠋ
2. ඹ㏻ 1 ḟヨ㦂࠾ࡼࡧࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢࠕᅜㄒࠖ➨ 1 ၥ࣭➨ 2 ၥⅬᏐ෉Ꮚၥ㢟࡟࠾ࡅࡿὀ
グ௜୚ࡢ≧ἣ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪(1) ὀグࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓㄒࡣᅜㄒ㎡᭩ࡢㄒᙡࡢ⠊ᅖࢆ㉺࠼ࡓࡶࡢࢆ 20 ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺ⛬ᗘྵࡴ(2) ᩍ⫱ㄒᙡ㐌࡜↷ࡽࡋྜࢃࡏࡓሙྜ㸪୙ᚲせ࡞ὀグࡢ௜୚ࡣᴫࡋ࡚ぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ඲⯡ⓗ࡞㐺ᛶࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
3.2 ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿὀグ௜୚ࡢ㐺ṇ໬ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚⤖ㄽ 1. 2.࡟༶ࡋ࡚㸪௨ୗࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ1.2.1 1.2.2 ࡛㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅㸦ඣ㸧࡬ࡢ₎Ꮠᣦᑟ࡟ࡣ㸪ไ⣙ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࠋࡇ࠺
ࡋࡓไ⣙ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪࡛ࡁࡿ㝈ࡾຠ⋡ⓗ࡞₎Ꮠᣦᑟࢆ⾜࠺࡟ࡣ㸪ⅬᏐヨ㦂ၥ㢟࡟௜୚ࡍࡿᏐ
ὀࡲ࡛ྵࡵࡓ₎Ꮠㄝ᫂ࡢᶓ᩿ⓗ⤫୍ࡀ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࠋどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ₎Ꮠ౑⏝ᢏ⬟ࡢྥୖ࡟⤖ࡧ௜ࡅࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ 1.1 ࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓヲ⣽ㄞࡳ᪉ᘧࡢᩥ౛㎡᭩࡜ࡢ㐃ᦠࡶ⫢せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪㻝㻟㻝どぬ㞀ᐖඣᅜㄒᩍ⫱ࡢሙ࡛ὶ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᖖ⏝₎Ꮠ୍ぴ(ᑠᯘ, 1988)࡟グ㍕ࡉࢀࡓㄝ᫂࡜㸪ᐃ
ホࡢ࠶ࡿヲ⣽ㄞࡳ᪉ᘧࡢᩥ౛㎡᭩ࢆే㍕࣭⤫ྜࡋࡓࠗどぬ㞀ᐖඣ㸦⪅㸧ࡢࡓࡵࡢ₎Ꮠㄝ᫂
㎡඾࠘ࡢ⦅⧩ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᖖ⏝₎Ꮠࢆ⥙⨶ࡋࠊJIS ➨ 1 Ỉ‽₎Ꮠ 2966 ᩥᏐࢆ཰㘓ࡍࡿ㎡඾ࢆ⦅⧩ࡋࡓࠋ
ඹ㏻ 1 ḟヨ㦂࠾ࡼࡧࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢࠕᅜㄒࠖ➨ 1 ၥ࣭➨ 2 ၥⅬᏐ෉Ꮚၥ㢟࡟௜ࡉࢀࡓὀ
グࡣ࠾࠾ࡴࡡጇᙜ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪ὀグࡀ௜ࡉࢀࡓ⌮⏤ࡀุ↛࡜ࡋ࡞࠸ㄒࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋࡲ
ࡓ㸪ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂௨እࡢヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢⅬᏐ໬࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶබᖹᛶ࡜㆑ูຊࡢ☜ಖࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽᏳᐃⓗ࡟㐺ษ࡞ὀグࢆ௜ࡍࡓࡵࡢᨭ᥼ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢯࣇࢺ࢘
࢙࢔ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋὀグࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿၥ㢟ᩥࢆධຊࡍࡿ࡜㸪ࡇࢀࢆᙧែ⣲ゎᯒࡍࡿࠋᙧែ⣲ゎᯒ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ༢ㄒ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡼࡾ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘࡢ㧗࠸ྠ㡢␗Ꮠㄒࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡑࡢ༢ㄒࡢ㡢ኌ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘࡀᩥᏐ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘࡼࡾ୍ᐃ௨ୖ㸦ᶆ‽್ࡣ 1㸧ప࠸ࡶࡢ㡢ኌ༢ㄒぶᐦᗘࡀ୍ᐃ
௨ୗ㸦ᶆ‽್ࡣ 2㸧ࡢࡶࡢࢆ⮬ືฟຊࡍࡿࠋฟຊࡉࢀࡓ༢ㄒ୰ࠕᩍ⫱ᇶᮏㄒᙡࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࠖ
࡟ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡣࠊὀグࡢ௜୚ࢆᕪࡋ᥍࠼ࡿ࡭ࡁྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ᪨ࢆ㆙࿌ࡍࡿࠋ ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡢᡂᯝࢆ⤫ྜࡋࠊୖグ༢ㄒᢳฟࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔ࡀฟຊࡋࡓ༢ㄒ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠗどぬ㞀ᐖඣ㸦⪅㸧ࡢࡓࡵࡢ₎Ꮠㄝ᫂㎡඾࠘ࢆ⏝࠸࡚⮬ື࡛Ꮠὀࢆ⏕ᡂࡍࡿᶵ⬟ࢆ௜ຍࡋ㸪ⅬᏐ෉Ꮚၥ㢟స㢟⪅ࡀ౫ᣐࡋ࡚సᴗࢆ⾜࠼ࡿࣉࣟࢺࢱ࢖ࣉࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࡓࠋᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟㸪㡢ኌࢆ⏝࠸ࡓヨ㦂ၥ㢟ฟ㢟ࢩࢫࢸ࣒(⸨ⰾ࡯࠿, 2011; ༡㇂࣭ᕤ⸨, 2011)ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ㸪Ᏻᐃⓗ࡟㐺ษ࡞ὀグࢆฟຊࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᨭ᥼ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ୍ᒙ㔜せ࡜࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪Ḣ⡿࡛ࡋࡤࡋࡤ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮㸦ᮁㄞ⪅㸧࡟ࡼࡿヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢᑐ㠃ㄞࡳୖࡆࡢᑟධࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࡶྠ✀ࡢㄢ㢟ࡀᏑᅾࡋ㸪ヨ㦂ၥ㢟୰ࡢㄒࡢ᜛ពⓗ࡞ㄝ᫂ࢆᅇ㑊ࡍࡿබᖹᛶ࡜㆑ูຊࡢ☜ಖࡢࡓࡵࡢㄞࡳୖࡆ᪉ᘧࡀ☜❧ࡉࢀࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋㅰ㎡࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ࡟ࡈ༠ຊ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࣃࢯࢥࣥ࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔ࡢ᪉ࠎ࠾ࡼࡧ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺᐇ᪋
᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡈᣦᑟ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓ஭ୖ๛ఙࡉࢇ(ᅜ❧㞀ᐖ⪅ࣜࣁࣅࣜࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢭࣥࢱ࣮◊✲ᡤ)ࠊ
ࠗⅬ⥺ᩥᏐ࠘ฟ∧ࡢ⤒⦋࡟ࡘ࠸࡚୎ᑀ࡞ゎㄝࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡃ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ㈗㔜࡞ཎᮏࢆ㈚୚ࡃ
ࡔࡉࡗࡓ⫧ᚋṇᖾᮾிⅬᏐฟ∧ᡤᡤ㛗࡟ឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋᮏ◊✲ࡣ,᪥ᮏᏛ⾡᣺⯆఍⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠ᇶ┙◊✲ⱝᡭ(B)ࠕ㡢ኌ࣭ⅬᏐ࡟ࡼࡿヨ㦂ၥ㢟ฟ㢟࡟ᚲせ࡞Ꮠὀ࣭ព࿡ὀࡢᤄ
ධࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨࠖ(ᖹᡂ 22㹼25 ᖺᗘ㸪ㄢ㢟␒ྕ 22700835)ࡢᡂᯝࡢ୍㒊࡟౫ᣐࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ኳ㔝ᡂ᫛࣭㏆⸨බஂ (2003).ࠗ(NTT ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࢩ࣮ࣜࢬ)᪥ᮏㄒࡢㄒᙡ≉ᛶ࠘ ୕┬ᇽ.
⸨ⰾ ⾨㸪༡㇂࿴⠊㸪⸨ⰾ᫂⏕㸪㟷ᯇ฼᫂㸪⃝ᓮ㝧ᙪ(2011).ࠕㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅࠾ࡼࡧ㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ࡢࡓࡵࡢᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨࠖࠗ኱Ꮫධヨ◊✲ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝ࠘21 ྕᑠᯘ୍ᘯ(1988). ࠗⅬ⥺ᩥᏐ ᖖ⏝₎Ꮠ⦅࠘ᮾிⅬᏐฟ∧ᡤࠋ㻝㻟㻞༡㇂࿴⠊,ᕤ⸨ᬛ⾜(2011).ࠕヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࢆྵࡴ㧗ᗘ࡞ᩥ᭩ࡢᵓ㐀ᥦ♧ࢆⅬᏐࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖࡛ᐇ
⌧ࡍࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔ࡢ㛤Ⓨࠖࠗ㟁Ꮚ᝟ሗ㏻ಙᏛ఍ᢏ⾡◊✲ሗ࿌. WIT, ⚟♴᝟ሗᕤ
Ꮫ࠘111(174), 11-15
༡㇂࿴⠊(2011).ࠕ㔜ᗘどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ₎Ꮠ౑⏝ᢏ⬟ࡢຠ⋡ⓗ⩦ᚓࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᇶ♏ⓗ⪃ᐹࠖࠗ᪥ᮏ≉Ṧᩍ⫱Ꮫ఍ ➨ 49 ᅇ኱఍ண✏㞟࠘⃝⏣┿ᘪ ⅬᏐ౑⏝⪅ࡢࡓࡵࡢ₎ᏐᏛ⩦ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛཬࡧᩍᮦࡢ㛤Ⓨ ⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே ᅜ❧≉ูᨭ᥼ᩍ⫱⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ
<http://www.nise.go.jp/kenshuka/josa/kankobutsu/pub_f/f-142.html>(2012 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 20᪥)Ώ㎶ဴஓ, Ώ㎶ᩥ἞㸪ᒣཱྀಇග㸪኱ᮡᡂ႐㸪⃝⏣┿ᘪ㸪ᒸ⏣ఙ୍(2006).ࠕࢫࢡ࣮࣮ࣜࣥࣜࢲࡢヲ⣽ㄞࡳ࡟ࡼࡿ₎Ꮠ᝿㉳ᐇ㦂̿ᡂேࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓሙྜ̿ࠖࠗ㟁Ꮚ᝟ሗ㏻ಙᏛ఍ㄽᩥㄅ
D-I࠘, Vol.J89-D-I, No.3, 602-605.
ᅜ❧ᅜㄒ◊✲ᡤ(2009).ࠗᩍ⫱ᇶᮏㄒᙡࡢᇶᮏⓗ◊✲࠘ቑ⿵ᨵゞ∧᫂἞᭩㝔ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ ≉ูᨭ᥼Ꮫᰯ㧗➼㒊Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿 ➨ 2 ❶ ྛᩍ⛉<http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/new-cs/youryou/tokushi/1284605.htm>(2012ᖺ 9 ᭶ 20 ᪥)ⅬᏐᏛ⩦ࢆᨭ᥼ࡍࡿ఍ (2003㹼2008). ࠗ(ࢩ࣮ࣜࢬ)どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ₎ᏐᏛ⩦࠘ ᪥ᮏⅬᏐᅗ᭩㤋.

㻝㻟㻟➨ 3 ⠇ ヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࢆྵࡴ㧗ᗘ࡞ᩥ᭩ࡢᵓ㐀ᥦ♧ࢆⅬᏐࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖࡛ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔ࡢ㛤Ⓨ

༡㇂࿴⠊

㻝㻟㻡

ヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࢆྵࡴ㧗ᗘ࡞ᩥ᭩ࡢᵓ㐀ᥦ♧ࢆⅬᏐࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖࡛ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘
࢔ࡢ㛤Ⓨ
༡㇂࿴⠊
㞀ᐖࢆᣢࡘཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ෉Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿヨ㦂᪉ᘧࡢࡳ࡛ࡣබᖹ࡞ཷ㦂ᶵ఍ࡢಖドࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋ௒ᅇࠊどぬ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡬ࡢ㡢ኌ࡟ࡼࡿฟ㢟࡟ⓗࢆ⤠ࡾࠊ኱ၥᙧᘧࡢ㛗ᩥၥ㢟ࢆฟ㢟࡛ࡁࡿヨ㦂ၥ㢟࣮ࣜࢲ࣮(ᩥ᭩ࣈࣛ࢘ࢨ)ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࢆ᱁⣡ࡍࡿᩥ᭩ࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࢵࢺ࡜
ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊDAISY 2.02 ࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࢵࢺࢆඖ࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊฟ㢟࡟୙ྍḞ࡞ᶵ⬟ᣑᙇࢆຍ࠼ࡓࣇ࢛࣮࣐
ࢵࢺࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋDAISY ࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࢵࢺ࡛ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡿぢฟࡋࢆⅬᏐࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖ୖ࡟ⅬᏐࢩࣥ࣎ࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ࣮ࣘࢨࡣヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢ࢔࢘ࢺࣛ࢖ࣥࠊᩥ᭩せ⣲ࡢㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞ࢶ࣮ࣜᵓ㐀ࢆ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
1 㛤Ⓨ┠ⓗ1.1 ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓฟ㢟ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢព⩏኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡛ࡣࠊඹ㏻ 1 ḟヨ㦂㛤ጞ᫬ࡼࡾ㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿཷ㦂⪅࡬ࡢබᖹᛶ☜ಖࡢࡓࡵࡢ≉ูᥐ⨨࡜ࡑࡢ◊✲ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[1][2]ࠋࡑࡢ୰࡟ࡣ㔜ᗘどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿ
ⅬᏐ෉Ꮚࠊᣑ኱ᩥᏐ෉Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿฟ㢟ࡸ㞀ᐖ≧ἣ࡟ᛂࡌࡓヨ㦂᫬㛫ࡢᘏ㛗ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿࠋ㏆ᖺ
ࡣⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࢆཷ㦂≉ูᥐ⨨ࡢᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚᫂♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
୍᪉ࠊ㞀ᐖࢆᣢࡘཷ㦂⪅࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ෉Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿヨ㦂᪉ᘧࡢࡳ࡛ࡣබᖹ࡞ཷ㦂ᶵ఍ࡢಖドࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ཷ㦂⪅ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ࡚ࠊ㡢ኌ࡟ࡼࡿฟ㢟ࡢ◊✲ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[3]ࠋ௚᪉ࠊࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓฟ㢟ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣࠊከᵝ࡞ཷ㦂ᙧែ࡟ᰂ㌾࡟ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁ
ࡿ࡜ᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊከᵝ࡞㞀ᐖ≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡿཷ㦂⪅࡬ࡢᑐᛂࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓ
ࡵࠊࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࡟ࡼࡿヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ࡣࠊ୰㛗ᮇⓗ࡞ᐇ⏝ᛶ࡟࠾࠸࡚᭷ᮃ࡞㑅ᢥ⫥࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲ
ࡓࠊ⿕㦂⪅ࡢᅇ⟅⾜ືࡢ㏲ḟグ㘓ࡀᐜ࡛᫆࠶ࡾࠊࢸࢫࢺ◊✲ࡢᐇ㦂⎔ቃ࡜ࡋ࡚᭷⏝࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ௒ᅇࠊどぬ㞀ᐖཷ㦂⪅࡬ࡢ㡢ኌ࡟ࡼࡿฟ㢟࡟ⓗࢆ⤠ࡾࠊ኱ၥᙧᘧࡢ㛗ᩥၥ㢟ࢆฟ㢟࡛ࡁࡿヨ㦂ၥ㢟࣮ࣜࢲ࣮(ᩥ᭩ࣈࣛ࢘ࢨ)ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࢆ᱁⣡ࡍࡿᩥ᭩ࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࢵ
ࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊDAISY 2.02 ࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࢵࢺ[4]ࢆඖ࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊฟ㢟࡟୙ྍḞ࡞ᶵ⬟ᣑᙇࢆຍ࠼ࡓࣇ
࢛࣮࣐ࢵࢺࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓヨ㦂ၥ㢟࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡣ DAISY ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶᶵ⬟ࡍࡿࠋᡃࠎࡣヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢ୰࡛ࡶ≉࡟ࡑࡢ㜀ぴ⎔ቃ࡟ᕤኵࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿ኱ၥᙧᘧࡢ㛗ᩥၥ㢟ࢆฟ㢟࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆヨ㦂ၥ㢟࣮ࣜࢲ࣮㛤Ⓨࡢ┠ᶆ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ኱ၥᙧᘧࡢ㛗ᩥၥ㢟࡜ࡣࠊࠕḟࡢᩥ❶ࢆㄞࡳࠊᚋࡢၥ࠸࡟⟅࠼ࡼࠋࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ࣮ࣜࢻᩥ࡟⥆࠸࡚ࠊタၥࡢ⣲ᮦ࡜࡞ࡿ㛗ᩥࡀ♧ࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢᚋ࡟ᙜヱ㛗ᩥࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓタၥࡀฟ㢟ࡉࢀࡿᙧᘧࡢヨ㦂ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㛗ᩥ୰࡟ࡣฟ㢟ୖࡢ౽ᐅ࠿ࡽ㐺ᐅୗ⥺ࡸ✵ḍࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࠋ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡸྛ኱ᏛࡢධᏛヨ㦂࡞࡝ᅜෆࡢධᏛヨ㦂࡟࠾࠸࡚ከ⏝ࡉࢀࡿฟ㢟ᙧᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
2. ヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡀ᭷ࡍࡿㄽ⌮ⓗࢶ࣮ࣜᵓ㐀࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿᥦ♧ࡢせ௳ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱୖ࡛ືసࡍࡿヨ㦂ၥ㢟࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔ࡣᩥ᭩ࣈࣛ࢘ࢨࡢ୍✀࡜࠸࠼㻝㻟㻣ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ኱ၥᙧᘧࡢ㛗ᩥၥ㢟ࡣࠊㄽᩥࡸᑓ㛛᭩ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㧗ᗘ࡞ᩥ᭩࡜㢮ఝࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ
ከࡃࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᩥ᭩ࡢ୍✀࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᡃࠎࡣ㧗ᗘ࡞ᩥ᭩ࡢ㜀ぴࢆ㡢ኌㄞࡳୖࡆࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿᩥ᭩ࣈࣛ࢘ࢨࡢせ௳ࢆᐃᘧ໬ࡋࠊࡑࡢ࠺࠼࡛ヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࢆ㜀ぴࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿಟṇࢆ᪋ࡋヨ㦂ၥ㢟࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓࠋ

ᅗ 1 ᩥ᭩ࢶ࣮ࣜᵓ㐀

ᅗ 2 ヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ࢶ࣮ࣜᵓ㐀
2.1 ᑓ㛛᭩࡞࡝㧗ᗘ࡞ᩥ᭩ࡀ᭷ࡍࡿㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞ࢶ࣮ࣜᵓ㐀ᅗ 1 ࡣᑓ㛛᭩࡟඾ᆺⓗ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࢶ࣮ࣜᵓ㐀ࡢᴫᛕᅗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩥ᭩㸦᭩⡠㸧ࡣ኱ࡁࡃ㒊࡟ศ๭ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㒊ࡣ❶࡟ศ࠿ࢀࡿࠋ❶ࡣ⠇࡟ศ࠿ࢀࡿࠋሙྜ࡟ࡼࡗ
࡚⠇ࡣ㡯┠࡟⣽ศࡉࢀࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣ❶␒ྕ࡜⠇␒ྕࢆ௜ࡋࡓ␒ྕ࡛⾲ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞᭩
⡠ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡣ 3 ᒙ࡞࠸ࡋ㒊ศⓗ࡟ 4 ᒙࡢࢶ࣮ࣜᵓ㐀࡜ࡋ࡚ᢕᥱ࡛ࡁࠊࡇࢀࢆ⾲ࡋࡓࡢࡀᅗ 1 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊᅗ࡛ࡣ┬␎ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ᭱ୗᒙࡢ⠇࡞࠸ࡋ⣽ศࡉࢀࡓ㡯┠ࡢୗ࡟ࡣ」ᩘࡢẁⴠࡀᏑᅾࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽẁⴠࡣ⤊Ṇ➢࡟ࡼࡗ࡚༊ษࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᩥ㸦ࢭࣥࢸࣥࢫ㸧࡟ศ๭࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓㄽ⌮ⓗࢶ࣮ࣜ࡟༶ࡋࡓᩥ᭩ࡢグ㏙ࠊ࣐࣮ࢡ࢔ࢵࣉࡣࠊྛ✀ࡢࢥࣥࣆࣗ
࣮ࢱୖ࡛ࡢᩥ᭩࣐࣮ࢡ࢔ࢵࣉゝㄒ࡛ᶆ‽ⓗ࡟᥇⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
2.2 ㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞ࢶ࣮ࣜᵓ㐀ࡢヨ㦂ၥ㢟࡬ࡢ㐺⏝ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩥ᭩ࡢㄽ⌮ⓗࢶ࣮ࣜࡣࠊ኱ၥᙧᘧࡢ㛗ᩥၥ㢟࡟ࡶ࠿࡞ࡾࡢ⛬ᗘ㐺⏝ྍ⬟࡛࠶㻝㻟㻤ࡿࠋヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢㄽ⌮ⓗ࡞ᩥ᭩ࢶ࣮ࣜࢆ♧ࡋࡓᴫᛕᅗࡀᅗ 2 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ᅜㄒࡢၥ㢟࡞࡝࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞࣐࣮ࢡࢩ࣮ࢺ᪉ᘧࡢ኱ၥᙧᘧ㛗ᩥၥ㢟࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿ඾ᆺⓗ࡞ヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࢆࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡣ」ᩘࡢ኱ၥ࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋ
኱ၥᙧᘧࡢ㛗ᩥၥ㢟ࡣ኱ࡁࡃ㛗ᩥ࡜タၥࡢせ⣲࡟ศ࠿ࢀࡿࠋ㛗ᩥࡣẁⴠ࡟⣽ศ࡛ࡁࡿࠋẁⴠࡣ⤊Ṇ➢ࢆ༊ษࡾ࡜ࡍࡿᩥ࡟ศ๭ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊヨ㦂ၥ㢟≉᭷ࡢせ⣲࡜ࡋ࡚タၥ࡟ࡼࡾཧ↷ࡉࢀࡿୗ⥺㒊ࠊ✵ḍ࡞࡝ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋタၥࡢഃࡣ୍㐃ࡢၥࡀྵࡲࢀࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢၥ࠸࡟
ࡣゎ⟅ࡍࡿ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ
2.3 ᩥ᭩ࣈࣛ࢘ࢨࡀᐇ⌧ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸஧ࡘࡢ┤ឤⓗᢕᥱᶵ⬟ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㧗ᗘ࡞ᩥ᭩ࡢ㜀ぴ࡟㝿ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ: ᩥ᭩୰ࡢ୍ḟඖⓗ࡞๓ᚋ㛵ಀࡢ┤ឤⓗ࡞ᢕᥱ: ࢶ࣮ࣜᵓ㐀ୖ࡛ࡢྛᩥ᭩せ⣲ࡢ఩⨨㛵ಀࡢ┤ឤⓗ࡞ᢕᥱࡢ 2 Ⅼࢆ࣮ࣘࢨࡀᐜ᫆࡟࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ஧ࡘࡢ┤ឤⓗᢕᥱࡣࠊ༢⣧࡞㡢ኌㄞࡳୖࡆ࡛ࡣᐇ⌧࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋᑐ㠃ᮁㄞ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩥ᭩ࢶ࣮ࣜ㸦࣓ࢽ࣮ࣗࡢᨵ⿦ᵓ㐀㸧ࡢᢕᥱ࡟ࡣࠊ࣮ࣘࢨࡢグ᠈ຊࡢά⏝ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿ[5]ࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊࢫࢡ࣮࣮ࣜࣥࣜࢲ࡟ࡼࡿ࢙࢘ࣈ࣮࣌ࢪࡢㄞࡳୖࡆࡸ DAISY ࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖ࡟ࡼࡿDAISY ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡢ෌⏕࡞࡝ࠊᵓ㐀໬࣐࣮ࢡ࢔ࢵࣉࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᪤Ꮡࡢ
᪉ἲࡶࠊ≉࡟ᚋ⪅㸦ࢶ࣮ࣜᵓ㐀ୖ࡛ࡢྛᩥ᭩せ⣲ࡢ఩⨨㛵ಀࡢ┤ឤⓗ࡞ᢕᥱ㸧࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ୙༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿࠋJAWS for Windows[6]࡞࡝㏆ᖺࡢࢫࢡ࣮࣮ࣜࣥࣜࢲࡣࠊ࢙࢘ࣈ࣮࣌ࢪࡢㄞ
ࡳୖࡆ㛤ጞ᫬࡟ࠊࡑࡢ࣮࣌ࢪ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿぢฟࡋࡸࢸ࣮ࣈࣝࡢᩘࢆ㏻▱ࡍࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ
H ࢱࢢࢆ⏝࠸࡚ 6 ẁ㝵࡟ࣞ࣋ࣝศࡅࡉࢀࡓぢฟࡋࡢධࢀᏊ㛵ಀࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡍࡿᩥ᭩࢔࢘ࢺ
ࣛ࢖ࣥࢆ࣮ࣘࢨ࡟♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ⌧ᅾࠊᵓ㐀໬ࡉࢀࡓᩥ᭩୰ࡢ࡝ࡢ㒊ศࢆㄞࡳୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ▱ࡽࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋ᪤Ꮡࡢ DAISY ࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖࡢㄞࡳୖࡆ᪉ᘧ࡟ࡶྠᵝࡢࡇ࡜ࡀゝ࠼ࡿࠋ㏻ᖖࠊDAISY ࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖ࡟ࡣ DAISY ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿぢฟࡋࡢᩘࡸ⥲㘓㡢᫬㛫࡞࡝ࡢᩥ᭩᝟ሗࢆ㏻▱ࡍࡿᶵ⬟ࡀ⿦ഛࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࢸ࣮ࣥ࢟ࡢ 2,4,6,8 ࢆୖୗᕥྑ࣮࢝ࢯࣝ࡟ぢ❧࡚ࠊ2,8 ࡛ぢฟࡋࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᨵ⿦ࢆୖୗࡋࠊ4,6 ࡛๓᪉࣭ᚋ᪉ࡢぢฟࡋ࡟⛣ືࡍࡿࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ㜀ぴ UI(࣮ࣘࢨ࣭࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࢖ࢫ)ࡀᐃ╔ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣞ࣋ࣝศࡅࡉࢀࡓぢฟࡋࡢධࢀᏊ㛵ಀࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜
ࡍࡿᩥ᭩࢔࢘ࢺࣛ࢖ࣥࢆ࣮ࣘࢨ࡟♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸Ⅼࠊ⌧ᅾㄞࡳୖࡆ㒊ศࡢࠊᩥ᭩୰࡛
ࡢ఩⨨ࢆ▱ࡽࡏࡿࡢࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿⅬࡣࠊࢫࢡ࣮࣮ࣜࣥࣜࢲ࡟ࡼࡿ࢙࢘ࣈ࣮࣌ࢪࡢㄞࡳୖࡆ
࡜ྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ≉࡟ヨ㦂ၥ㢟ฟ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࢜ DAISY ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࢆᚑ᮶ᆺࡢDAISY ࣉ࣮࣮࡛ࣞࣖ෌⏕ࡍࡿ᪉ᘧࡣᶵ⬟ⓗ࡟୙༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ぢゎࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[3]ࠋ
3 ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ㜀ぴ࣮ࣘࢨ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࢖ࢫ
ࡇࡇࡲ࡛㏙࡭࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㡢ኌฟ㢟࡟㝿ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࠸࠿࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊ୍ḟඖୖࡶࡋࡃࡣࢶ࣮ࣜ
ᵓ㐀ୖ࡛ࡢྛᩥ᭩せ⣲ࡢ఩⨨ࢆ┤ឤⓗ࡟ᥦ♧ࡍࡿ࠿ࡀ኱ࡁ࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௒ᅇࡢ◊✲ࡣࠊ㻝㻟㻥ⅬᏐࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖࡟ᩥ᭩ࡢᵓ㐀᝟ሗࢆ⾲♧ࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆ⏝࠸ࠊࡇࡢၥ㢟࡟ᑐࡍࡿ୍ࡘࡢゎࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ᅗ 3 ヨ㦂ၥ㢟࣮ࣜࢲࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔⏬
3.1 ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔ࡢᴫせᡃࠎࡀ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓヨ㦂ၥ㢟࣮ࣜࢲࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔ࡣࠊDAISY 2.02 ࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࢵࢺࡢࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ
ࢆ⏬㠃⾲♧࣭㡢ኌㄞࡳୖࡆࡍࡿᩥ᭩ࣈࣛ࢘ࢨ࡜ࡋ࡚ືసࡍࡿࠋヨ㦂ၥ㢟࣮ࣜࢲࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘
࢔ࡢ⏬㠃ࢆᅗ 3 ࡟♧ࡍࠋDAISY 2.02 ࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࢵࢺ࡛ࡣ 6 ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢぢฟࡋ௜ࡅࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡋ
࡚ᵓ㐀໬ࡉࢀࡓᩥ᭩ࡢグ㏙ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ๓㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡣࢶ࣮ࣜᵓ㐀ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ㧗ᗘ࡞ᩥ᭩ࡢ୍✀࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊDAISY 2.02 ࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࢵࢺ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚ヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࢆ࣮࢜ࢧ
ࣜࣥࢢࡍࢀࡤࡑࡢࢶ࣮ࣜᵓ㐀ࡀ⾲⌧࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ุ᩿ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᅾ᮶ࡢ DAISY ࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖ࡜
ࡢẚ㍑࡟ࡼࡿホ౯ᐇ㦂ࡶᐇ᪋࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔ࡣࠊ࢔ࢵࣉࣝࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ♫ࡢ Mac OS X ୖ࡛ືసࡍࡿࠋ࣓ࢽ࣮ࣗࡸࢲ࢖
࢔ࣟࢢ࡞࡝ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔ࡢᇶᮏⓗせ⣲ࢆㄞࡳୖࡆࡿࡓࡵ࡟ Mac OS X ࡟ྠᲕࡉࢀࡿࢫࢡࣜ
࣮࣮ࣥࣜࢲ VoiceOver ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ
ᚋ࡟ヲ㏙ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࣮ࣘࢨ࡜ࡢධฟຊ࡟ⅬᏐࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ௒ᅇࡣ BAUM ♫ࡢ VarioPro 80 ⅬᏐࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖[7]ࢆ୺せ࡞ᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚㛤Ⓨࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᅾ᮶ࡢ DAISY ࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖ࡟ᦚ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᶵ⬟࡜ྠ➼ࡢࡶࡢࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡶ㓄៖ࡋ㻝㻠㻜ࡓࠋㄞࡳୖࡆ㡢ኌࡢ㏿ᗘኚ᭦ࡣࠊ0.5 ಸ࠿ࡽ 2 ಸࡲ࡛ྍ⬟࡜ࡋࡓࠋᮏࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔࡛ࡣࠊⅬᏐࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࢆ♧ࡍ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࢖ࢫࡀ࣮ࣘࢨ࡜ࡢධฟຊࡢ୺せ࡞ᡭẁ࡜࡞ࡿࡀࠊ⿵ຓⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ᅾ᮶ࡢ DAISY ࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖࡀ᥇⏝ࡍࡿୖୗᕥྑ࣮࢝ࢯࣝ┦ᙜࡢ࣎ࢱ࡛ࣥぢฟᨵ⿦ࡢୖ࣭᪼ୗ㝆ࠊ๓᪉࣭ᚋ᪉⛣ືࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ
VarioPro 80 ࡟ࡣࢸ࣮ࣥ࢟࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿ࣎ࢱࣥࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊDAISY ࣉ࣮࣮࡛ࣞࣖ
2,8,4,6 ࡟๭ࡾᙜ࡚ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᶵ⬟ࢆ l1, l3, l2, r2 ࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀ๭ࡾᙜ࡚ࡓࠋ
3.2 ⅬᏐࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ࣮ࣘࢨ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࢖ࢫ
ᮏࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ࣮ࣘࢨ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࢖ࢫࢆゎㄝࡍࡿࠋDAISY ࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࢵࢺ 2.02 ࡛ᐃ⩏ࡉ
ࢀࡓ 6 ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢぢฟࡋࢆࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿᩘᏐ 1 ᩥᏐ㸦ᩘ➢ࡣ┬␎㸧࡛ⅬᏐࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖
ୖ࡟⾲♧ࡍࡿࠋࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡢ෌⏕ࢆ⾜࠺࡜⌧ᅾࡢㄞࡳୖࡆ఩⨨࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿぢฟࡋࢩࣥ࣎ࣝ
ࡢୗ㒊࡟ 7,8 ࡢⅬࢆ⏝࠸࡚࣮࢝ࢯࣝࡀ⾲♧ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ࣮࢝ࢯࣝ⾲♧ࡣㄞࡳୖࡆ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚⛣ືࡍࡿࠋ௵ពࡢぢฟࡋࢩࣥ࣎ࣝ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿࢱࢵࢳ࣮࢝ࢯࣝࢆᢲࡍ࡜ࡑࡢぢฟࡋࡀㄞࡳୖࡆ
ࡽࢀࡿࠋ෌ᗘࠊᙜヱࢱࢵࢳ࣮࢝ࢯࣝࢆᢲࡍ࡜ࡑࡢぢฟࡋ࠿ࡽ෌⏕ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊㄞ
ࡳୖࡆࡉࡏࡓ࠸⟠ᡤࡢぢฟࡋࢆࢲࣈࣝࢡࣜࢵࢡࡍࡿ࡜ࡑࡇ࠿ࡽ෌⏕ࡀ㛤ጞࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞
ࡿࠋᅗ 3 ࡢୖ㒊࡟ࡣࠊⅬᏐࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖࡟᝟ሗᥦ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡜ྠࡌⅬᏐࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀ
⾲♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ぢฟࡋࡢࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿⅬᏐࢩࣥ࣎ࣝࡣࠊXML ࡛グ㏙ࡍࡿタᐃࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ࡟ࡼࡾ⮬⏤࡟෌ᐃ⩏࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊྠࡌࣞ࣋ࣝࡢぢฟࡋ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࡑࡢฟ⌧㡰ᗎ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚ⅬᏐࢩࣥ࣎ࣝࢆኚ᭦࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࡢᶵ⬟࡟ࡼࡾࠊࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࣞ࣋ࣝ 1 ࡢぢฟࡋࢆᩘ➢ࢆ┬␎ࡋࡓᩘᏐ࡛ࠊ
ࣞ࣋ࣝ 2 ࡢぢฟࡋࢆᩘ➢ࢆ┬␎ࡋࡓୗࡀࡾᩘᏐ࡛⾲⌧࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࡢᐃ⩏ࢆ⾜࠺タᐃࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡢグ㏙ࢆ౛࡜ࡋ࡚♧ࡍࠋ
 <levelSymbols><map key="1" value="1" /><map key="1" value="12" /><map key="1" value="14" /><map key="1" value="145" /><map key="1" value="15" /><map key="1" value="124" /><map key="1" value="1245" /><map key="1" value="125" /><map key="1" value="24" /><map key="2" value="2" /><map key="2" value="23" /><map key="2" value="25" />㻝㻠㻝<map key="2" value="256" /><map key="2" value="26" /><map key="2" value="235" /><map key="2" value="2356" /><map key="2" value="236" /><map key="2" value="35" /></levelSymbols>ࡼࡾ῝࠸㝵ᒙᵓ㐀ࡢᥦ♧ࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅗ 4 ࣝ࢖࣭ࣈࣛ࢖ࣘⅬᏐ㓄ิ⾲ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊⅬᏐࡢ⪃᱌⪅ࣝ࢖࣭ࣈࣛ࢖ࣘࡀసᡂࡋࡓ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࣈࣛ࢖ࣘⅬᏐ㓄ิ⾲[8]ࡣࠊ࢔
ࣝࣇ࢓࣋ࢵࢺ a ࠿ࡽ j ࢆ⾲ࡍⅬᏐ 10 ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆᇶᮏᙧ࡜ࡋ࡚ 1 ⾜࡟㓄ิࡋࠊࡇࢀ࡟つ๎ⓗ࡟Ⅼࢆ㏣ຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ィ 4 ✀㢮ࡢᑐᛂᛶࡢ࠶ࡿኚ໬ᆺࢆᐇ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟ᇶᮏᙧࢆ 1 Ⅼୗ᪉࡟⛣ືࡋࡓ 10 ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㸦ୗࡀࡾᩘᏐ㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ኚ໬ᆺࡣ
ྜィ 5 ✀㢮࡜࡞ࡿࠋࣈࣛ࢖ࣘⅬᏐ㓄ิ⾲ࢆᅗ 4 ࡟♧ࡍࠋࡇࡢࣈࣛ࢖ࣘⅬᏐ㓄ิ⾲ࡀ᭷ࡍࡿ㧗ᗘ࡞つ๎ᛶࡣࠊⅬᏐᴦ㆕࡞࡝࡛ά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᩥ᭩
ࢶ࣮ࣜࡢᥦ♧ࢆ⾜࠺ሙྜ࡟ࡶࠊ5 㝵ᒙ࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀ᭱኱ 10 ௳ࡲ࡛ࡢせ⣲ࢆྵࡴࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡢ

㻝㻠㻞⾲⌧࡟ᛂ⏝࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
4 ヨ㦂ၥ㢟㜀ぴ UI ࡜ヨ㦂ၥ㢟᱁⣡ࡢࡓࡵࡢ DAISY 2.02 ࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࢵࢺࡢᣑᙇ
4.1 ヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢ࣮࢜ࢧࣜࣥࢢ
ヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࢆ DAISY ࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࢵࢺ࡛࣮࢜ࢧࣜࣥࢢࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࠊࢶ࣮ࣜᵓ㐀࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿᩥ᭩せ⣲࡟ぢฟࡋ௜ࡅࢆ⾜࠺࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ✵ḍࡸୗ⥺㒊ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ヨ㦂ၥ㢟࡟୙ྍḞࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ࢆୗ఩ࡢぢฟࡋ࡟ᑐᛂ࡙ࡅࡿࠋタᐃࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆ⦅㞟ࡋࠊぢฟࡋ࡜ࡋ࡚⾲⌧ࡉࢀࡓྛᩥ᭩せ⣲࡟㐺ษ࡞ⅬᏐࢩࣥ࣎ࣝࢆ๭ࡾᙜ࡚ࡿࠋࡇࡢᡭ㡰ࢆ⤒ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡢ୍ぴᛶࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࠊ㛗ᩥၥ㢟ࡢྛẁⴠࡸྛタၥ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࢀࡽࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥࡬ࡢ▐᫬ࡢ⛣ື࡜ㄞࡳୖࡆࢆ
ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࠋฟ㢟ᩥ୰ࡢ✵ḍࡸୗ⥺㒊ࡢ☜ㄆࡶྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
4.2 SMIL audio ࢚࣓ࣞࣥࢺࡢᣑᙇ
ヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࢆㄞࡳୖࡆࡿሙྜࠊ㛗ᩥࡢྛẁⴠࡢᮎᑿࡸタၥࡢၥ࠸ࡢᮎᑿ㸦㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢ๓㸧࡞࡝࡛ࠊ㡢ኌࡢ෌⏕ࡀ⮬ືⓗ࡟୍᫬೵Ṇࡍࡿᶵ⬟ࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋDAISY 2.02 ࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࢵࢺ࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ SMIL 1.0[9]ࡢつ᱁࡟ࡣࠊࡇࡢᶵ⬟ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿᒓᛶࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࠋSMIL ࡢ audio࢚࣓ࣞࣥࢺ࡟ࠊpause-end ࡜࠸࠺ᒓᛶࢆタࡅࠊᙜヱᶵ⬟ࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡓࠋSMIL ୰࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿpar ࢱ ࢢ ࡢ ౛ ࢆ ♧ ࡍ ࠋ ࡇ ࡢ ౛ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊ audd21e15 ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ཧ ↷ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㡢 ኌ ࢡ ࣜ ࢵ ࣉ(sample-0001.mp3 ࡢ 10 ⛊࠿ࡽ 25 ⛊ࡢ 15 ⛊㛫)ࡢ෌⏕ࡀ⤊஢ࡍࡿ࡜୍᫬೵Ṇࡍࡿࠋ<par endsync="last" id="tcp10"><text id="text10" src="content.html#dtb8" /><audio src="sample-0001.mp3" id="audd21e15"
clip-begin="npt=10.000s" clip-end="npt=25.000s"
pause-end="yes" /></par>

෌ᗘࠊ෌⏕࣎ࢱࣥࢆᢲࡍ࡜ᙜヱࢡࣜࢵࣉࢆ෌⏕ࡍࡿࠋᘬࡁ⥆ࡃࢡࣜࢵࣉࡢ෌⏕࡟⛣ࡿሙྜࠊࢿࢡࢫࢺ࣎ࢱࣥࢆᢲࡍࠋ
5 ホ౯ᐇ㦂
5.1 ᐇ㦂ࡢᴫせᮏ◊✲࡛㛤ⓎࡋࡓⅬᏐࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ᥦ♧࣭ࢼࣅࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᶵ⬟௜ࡁ
DAISY ࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖ(࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔)ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ྠ DAISY ࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖࠊᚑ᮶
ᆺࡢࢸ࣮࣮ࣥ࢟࢝ࢯࣝࢼࣅࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ᪉ᘧ DAISY ࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖࡢ 2 ᪉ᘧࡢ DAISY ࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖࡢせᅉࡀࠊ෌⏕ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ᢕᥱ࠾ࡼࡧぢฟࡋ᥈⣴࡟ᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿ᫬㛫࡟ཬࡰࡍຠᯝࢆศᯒࡋࡓࠋࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖࡢせᅉࡣࠊ௒ᅇ㛤ⓎࡋࡓⅬᏐࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀㻝㻠㻟ᥦ♧࣭ࢼࣅࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᶵ⬟௜ࡁ DAISY ࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖ࡜ᚑ᮶ᆺࡢࢸ࣮࣮ࣥ࢟࢝ࢯࣝࢼࣅࢤ࣮ࢩ
ࣙࣥ᪉ᘧ DAISY ࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖࡢ 2 ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᚑ᮶ᆺࡢࢸ࣮࣮ࣥ࢟࢝ࢯࣝࢼࣅࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ᪉ᘧDAISY ࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ
㸦᭷㸧࢚ࢡࢫࢺࣛࡀ㈍኎ࡍࡿ VR ࢫࢺ࣮࣒ࣜ Ver.3[10]ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋྠ〇ရࡣ HumanWare ♫ࡢ Victor Reader Stream ࢆ᪥ᮏㄒ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣛ࢖ࢬࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋ⿕㦂⪅ࡢせᅉࡣࠊ4 ྡࡎࡘ 2 ⩌ࢀࠊྜィ 8 ྡ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⿕㦂⪅ࡣࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ୍⯡኱ᏛᅾᏛࠊ
ⅬᏐ౑⏝ࠊⅬᏐ౑⏝Ṕ 8 ᖺ௨ୖࡢ᮲௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡍ㔜ᗘどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅࡛࠶ࡿࠋ෌⏕ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡢ
せᅉࡣ㸪ᅗ 1 ࡟♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡞᭱኱ 4 㝵ᒙࡢぢฟࡋࢆᣢࡘ᭩⡠ᙧែࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᡭ⥆ࡁࡣ᫬㛫ࢆไ㝈ࡋ࡞࠸సᴗไ㝈ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ᢕᥱ࠾ࡼࡧぢฟࡋ᥈⣴ࡢసᴗㄢ㢟ࡣࠊ
௨ୗࡢ 3 ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
1. ➨ 1 㝵ᒙࡢぢฟࡋᩘࡢ☜ㄆ
2. ᐇ㦂┘╩⪅ࡀᣦ♧ࡍࡿ≉ᐃࡢ➨ 3 㝵ᒙぢฟࡋࡀୗ఩࡟➨ 4 㝵ᒙぢฟࡋࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࠿ࡢ☜ㄆ
3. ᐇ㦂┘╩⪅ࡀᣦ♧ࡍࡿ≉ᐃࡢ➨ 4 㝵ᒙぢฟࡋࡢ෌⏕ࠋᐇ㦂ࡢᛶ㉁ୖ㸪ྠࡌࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࢆྠࡌ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡟ࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖࢆ᭰࠼࡚ฟ㢟࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢ
ࡓࡵ㸪ᐇ㦂ィ⏬ࡣ㸪⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡢ࠶ࡿ 22 ࡢࣛࢸࣥ᪉᱁ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⾲ 1 ࡟ඹ㏻ࡢᐇ㦂ィ⏬ࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ
⾲ 1 22 ࡢࣛࢸࣥ᪉᱁ἲࡢᐇ㦂ィ⏬ࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪ
⿕㦂⪅⩌

㡰
ᗎ

1⩌

2⩌

1

ⅬᏐࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖

ᚑ᮶ᆺ

2

ᚑ᮶ᆺ

ⅬᏐࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖

5.2 ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ௨ୗ㸪సᴗࡢ㏿ᗘ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ཬࡰࡍຠᯝࢆ㏙࡭ࡿࠋ⿕㦂⪅⩌㸪ࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖ㸪෌⏕ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ㸪㡰ᗎࡢ 4 せᅉࡀཬࡰࡍຠᯝࢆㄪ࡭ࡓࠋ≉࡟௒ᅇὀ┠ࡍࡿࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖࡀཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆヲ㏙ࡍࡿࠋ௨ୗࠊ᭷ពỈ‽ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ 5%࡛࠶ࡿࠋศᩓศᯒࢆ GNU R[11]࡛⾜ࡗࡓࠋ࠸ࡎࢀ
ࡢ᳨ᐃ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊẕ㞟ᅋࡢṇつศᕸ࡜➼ศᩓᛶࡣྰᐃࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ3 ࡘࡢసᴗㄢ㢟࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊゎ⟅㏿ᗘ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢせᅉࠊࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡢせᅉࠊ㡰ᗎࡢせᅉࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ᭷ព࡛࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
5.2.1 ➨ 1 㝵ᒙࡢぢฟࡋᩘࡢ☜ㄆゎ⟅㏿ᗘ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖࡢせᅉ࡟ࡣ㸪᭷ព࡞୺ຠᯝࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢศᕸࢆࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖ㛫࡛ẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࣉู࣮࣮ࣞࣖゎ⟅㏿ᗘศᕸࡢ⟽ࡦࡆᅗࢆ♧ࡍ(ᅗ 3-1)ࠋゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡣ㸪ⅬᏐࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖᪉ᘧ(ᖹᆒ 3.875 ⛊)㸪ᚑ᮶ᆺ(ᖹᆒ 9.875 ⛊)ࡢ㡰࡟㐜ࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪୧⪅ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ
5.2.2 ≉ᐃࡢ➨ 3 㝵ᒙぢฟࡋࡀୗ఩࡟➨ 4 㝵ᒙぢฟࡋࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࠿ࡢ☜ㄆゎ⟅㏿ᗘ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖࡢせᅉ࡟ࡣ㸪᭷ព࡞୺ຠᯝࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢศᕸ㻝㻠㻠ࢆࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖ㛫࡛ẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࣉู࣮࣮ࣞࣖゎ⟅㏿ᗘศᕸࡢ⟽ࡦࡆᅗࢆ♧ࡍ(ᅗ 3-2)ࠋゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡣ㸪ⅬᏐࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖᪉ᘧ(ᖹᆒ 5.875 ⛊)㸪ᚑ᮶ᆺ(ᖹᆒ 29.375 ⛊)ࡢ㡰࡟㐜ࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪୧⪅ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ
5.2.3 ≉ᐃࡢ➨ 4 㝵ᒙぢฟࡋࡢ෌⏕ゎ⟅㏿ᗘ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖࡢせᅉ࡟ࡣ㸪᭷ព࡞୺ຠᯝࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡢศᕸࢆࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖ㛫࡛ẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࣉู࣮࣮ࣞࣖゎ⟅㏿ᗘศᕸࡢ⟽ࡦࡆᅗࢆ♧ࡍ(ᅗ 3-3)ࠋゎ⟅㏿ᗘࡣ㸪ⅬᏐࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖᪉ᘧ(ᖹᆒ 15.000 ⛊)㸪ᚑ᮶ᆺ(ᖹᆒ 40.375 ⛊)ࡢ㡰࡟㐜ࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪୧⪅ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ

ᅗ 3-1

ᅗ 3-2

ᅗ 3-3

6 ⤖ㄽ
௒ᅇ㛤ⓎࡋࡓⅬᏐࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ᥦ♧࣭ࢼࣅࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᶵ⬟௜ࡁ DAISYࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖࡢᩥ᭩ࡢࢶ࣮ࣜᵓ㐀᝟ሗࢆ୍ぴࡍࡿ࣮ࣘࢨ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࢖ࢫࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ
ᚑ᮶ᆺࡢ DAISY ࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖࡀ᭷ࡍࡿࢸ࣮࣮ࣥ࢟࢝ࢯࣝࢼࣅࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ᪉ᘧࡢ࣮ࣘࢨ࢖ࣥࢱ
࣮ࣇ࢙࢖ࢫ࡟ẚࡋ࡚ࠊࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ᢕᥱ࠾ࡼࡧぢฟࡋ᥈⣴ࡢຠ⋡ࡀᨵၿࡍࡿࠋࡇ
࠺ࡋࡓຠ⋡ᨵၿࡣࠊ㡢ኌヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢ㜀ぴᛶᨵၿࢆᑟࡃࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋෑ㢌࡛㏙࡭ࡓ࡜࠾ࡾࠊ
ᩥ᭩ࡢㄽ⌮ᵓ㐀ࡢグ㏙ࡣ DAISY ࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࢵࢺࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎከᵝ࡞ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࢵࢺ࡛
⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௒ᅇᥦ᱌ࡋࡓ࣮ࣘࢨ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࢖ࢫࡣỗ⏝ⓗ࡟㐺⏝ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ
࠺࡞ỗ⏝ᛶ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㟁Ꮚᩍ⛉᭩࡟௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿึ➼࣭୰➼ᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿ ICT ࢆᛂ⏝ࡋࡓᩍᮦ࡟ࡶᗈࡃ㐺⏝ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅(ඣ)ࡢᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬࡜ヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ࢆᶓ᩿ࡋ࡚ά⏝࡛ࡁࡿỗ⏝ⓗ࡞せ⣲ᢏ⾡࡜ࡋ࡚ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ᮏ◊✲ࡢ୍㒊ࡣࠊᖹᡂ 22 ᖺᗘ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮⌮஦㛗⿢㔞⤒㈝࡟ࡼࡾ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
[1] ⸨ⰾ⾨㸪ࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ㸪㟁Ꮚ᝟ሗ㏻ಙᏛ఍ㄅ㸪92(12)㸪2009㸪pp.
1022--1026.
[2] ༡㇂࿴⠊㸪どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢ኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫ࡜኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ㸪⚟♴௓ㆤᶵჾ technoࣉࣛࢫ㸪3(12)㸪2010㸪pp. 15--19.
[3] ⸨ⰾ⾨㸪⸨ⰾ᫂⏕㸪㟷ᯇ฼᫂㸪㔜ᗘࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⪅ཬࡧ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ࡢཷ㦂ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨ㸪኱Ꮫධヨ◊✲ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝ㸪20㸪2010㸪pp. 131--138.

㻝㻠㻡

[4] DAISY 2.02 Specification㸪
http://www.daisy.org/z3986/specifications/daisy¥_202.html[5] すᮏ༟ஓ㸪ᔢᓚᒣⱱᶞ㸪⸨ཎᢇ⨾(௚)㸪ᑐ㠃ᮁㄞ⪅࡜どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢᑐヰࡢศᯒ࡜ࡑࡢᛂ
⏝㸪᝟ሗฎ⌮Ꮫ఍◊✲ሗ࿌㸪2007(11)㸪2007㸪pp. 55--60.
[6] ࢚ࢡࢫࢺࣛ㸪JAWS for Windows Professional Ver.11 ᪥ᮏㄒ∧㸪
http://www.extra.co.jp/jaws/index.html[7] BAUM VarioPro http://www.baum.de/en/products/brailledisplay/index.php[8] ᮌሯὈᘯ㸪1.2.3 ᪥ᮏࡢⅬᏐ㸫ࡑࡢ㐣ཤࠊ⌧ᅾࠊᮍ᮶㸫㸪୰㏵どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢゐㄞຠ⋡ࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢ⥲ྜⓗⅬᏐᏛ⩦ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨ㸫ⅬᏐࢧ࢖ࢬࡢホ౯ἲࠊࢧ࢖ࢬྍኚⅬᏐ༳ๅࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࠊ Ꮫ⩦ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࣭ࣛCAI ࡢ㛤Ⓨ㸫(ᖹᡂ 7 ᖺᗘ㹼ᖹᡂ 10 ᖺᗘ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠◊✲ᡂᯝሗ࿌᭩)㸪1999㸪
http://web.econ.keio.ac.jp/staff/nakanoy/article/braille/BR/chap1/1-2-3/1-2-3.html[9] Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language¥¥ http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-smil/㻝㻠㻢➨ 4 ❶ ≉ูၥ㢟ᡤෆ୍㈏సᡂࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨ㻝㻠㻣➨ 1 ⠇ ᴫせ ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢸࢫࢺ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢ 1 ᪥ࡶ᪩࠸ᐇ⏝໬ࢆ⤒῭ⓗ࡟ྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ≉ูၥ㢟ᡤෆ୍㈏సᡂ
ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋྛ✀ࡢ≉ูၥ㢟ࡣࠊಶࠎ࡟సᡂࡍࡿࡼࡾࡶᡤෆ୍࡛㈏సᡂࡋࡓ᪉ࡀࠊၥ㢟
ࡢ㉁ࡢྥୖ࡜సᡂసᴗࡢຠ⋡໬ཬࡧࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕ࡢྥୖ࡜኱ᖜ࡞ࢥࢫࢺ๐ῶࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ ≉ูၥ㢟ᡤෆ୍㈏సᡂࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣࠊ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ㡢ኌၥ㢟୍㈏సᡂ࣮࢜ࢧࣜࣥࢢࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜⌧᭷ࡢ
ⅬᏐၥ㢟ᡤෆ୍㈏సᡂࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡍࡿࠋ ཎၥ㢟ࡢ PDF ࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ࡜ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ࠿ࡽⅬᏐၥ㢟ࡀⅬヂࡉࢀࠊᣑ኱ᩥᏐၥ㢟ࡀ⦅㞟ࡉࢀࠊᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟࡜ⅬᏐࡲࡓࡣ㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡀసᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋ
 ⅬᏐၥ㢟ᡤෆ୍㈏సᡂࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟ࡼࡿゐㄞᅗࡢసᡂࢆຠ⋡໬ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊCUI ࡜ GUI ࡜ࡀ┦஫࡟㐃ືࡋࡓ࣮ࣘࢨ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࣮ࢫࢆഛ࠼ࡓࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢゐㄞᅗసᅗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࢚ࢹ࢕ࢱ࢘࢕ࣥࢻ࢘࡟┤⥺ࡸ෇➼ࠊసᅗࢥ࣐ࣥࢻࢆ CUI ࡛ධຊࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ
┤⥺ࡸ෇➼ࠊࡑࡢᅗࡀࣉࣞࣅ࣮ࣗ࢘࢕ࣥࢻ࢘࡟ᥥ⏬ࡉࢀࡿࠋ㏫࡟ࠊࣉࣞࣅ࣮ࣗ࢘࢕ࣥࢻ࢘࡟࣐࢘
ࢫ➼ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚┤⥺ࡸ෇➼ࠊᅗࢆ GUI ࡛ᥥ⏬ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࡢసᅗࢥ࣐ࣥࢻࡀ⮬ືⓗ࡟⏕ᡂࡉࢀࠊ࢚
ࢹ࢕ࢱ࢘࢕ࣥࢻ࢘࡟ຍ➹ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ཎၥ㢟ࡢᶍᘧᅗࡢ⏬ീࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆㄞࡳ㎸ࡳࠊࡇࡢᅗࢆୗᅗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࢺ࣮ࣞࢫࡍࡿ࡜ゐㄞᅗࡀసᡂ
ࡉࢀࡿࠋࣉࣞࣅ࣮ࣗ࢘࢕ࣥࢻ࢘࡟ GUI ࡛ᥥ⏬ࡉࢀࡓ⏬ീࢆࠊ࢚ࢹ࢕ࢱ࢘࢕ࣥࢻ࢘࡟⮬ືⓗ࡟ຍ➹ࡉࢀࡓసᅗࢥ࣐ࣥࢻࢆ CUI ࡛ಟṇࡍࢀࡤࠊᩘ್ไᚚ࡟ࡼࡿ⢭ᐦ࡞ゐㄞᅗࡢసᡂࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ ≉ูၥ㢟ᡤෆ୍㈏సᡂࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ⥭ᛴ᫬࡟ᑐᛂྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ඹ࡟ࠊᣦ♧ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ༶ᗙ࡟ᡤෆ୍㈏సᡂࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
 ➨ 2 ⠇ࡣࠊᡭ࡛ゐᐹࡋ࡚ᢕᥱࡍࡿⅬᏐၥ㢟ࡢゐㄞᅗࡢసᡂࡣⅬᏐၥ㢟ࡢసᡂసᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚᭱ࡶ
ᡭ㛫ᬤࡀ࠿࠿ࡿࡓࡵ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓゐㄞᅗసᅗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ Bplot2 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋどぬ㞀ᐖ⫋ဨ࡜೺ᖖ⫋ဨࡀඹ࡟సᅗࢹ࣮ࢱࢆඹ᭷ࡋࠊ┦஫༠ຊࡋ࡚సᅗసᴗࡀྍ⬟࡞ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡓࠋ ➨ 3 ⠇ࡣࠊࡇࡢゐㄞᅗసᅗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ Bplot2 ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㞀ᐖ⪅ᨭ᥼࡟㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ఍㆟
࡟࠾ࡅࡿⓎ⾲ㄽᩥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
 ➨ 4 ⠇ࡣࠊⅬᏐၥ㢟ᡤෆ୍㈏సᡂࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟ࡼࡿゐㄞᅗࡢసᡂࢆຠ⋡໬ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊゐㄞᅗసᅗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ Bplot2 ࢆ᭦࡟ᨵⰋࡋ࡚㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ Bplot3 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋCUI ࡜ GUI ࡜ࡀ┦஫࡟㐃ືࡋࡓ࣮ࣘ
ࢨ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࣮ࢫࢆഛ࠼ࡓࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢゐㄞᅗసᅗࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

㻝㻠㻥➨ 2 ⠇ ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢゐㄞᅗసᅗࢩࢫࢸ࣒

ࠕࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡟ࡼࡿどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅⏝ゐㄞᅗసᅗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨࠖ⸨ⰾ ⾨, ⸨ⰾ᫂⏕, ኱Ṋಙஅ, ᒣཱྀ㞝ோ (2007). 㟁Ꮚ᝟ሗ㏻ಙᏛ఍ᢏ⾡◊✲ሗ࿌ࠝ⚟♴᝟ሗᕤᏛࠞ, Vol.106, No. 612, 73-78.

㻝㻡㻝ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡟ࡼࡿどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅⏝ゐㄞᅗసᅗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨ⸨ⰾ ⾨͊⸨ⰾ ᫂⏕͋኱Ṋ ಙஅ͊͊ᒣཱྀ 㞝ோ͋͋

͊኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ◊✲㛤Ⓨ㒊 ࠛ153-8501 ᮾி㒔┠㯮༊㥖ሙ 2-19-23͋Ⲉᇛ኱Ꮫ ᕤᏛ㒊 ࠛ316-8511 Ⲉᇛ┴᪥❧ᕷ୰ᡂἑ⏫ 4-12-1
͊͊⟃Ἴᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ ࠛ305-8520 Ⲉᇛ┴ࡘࡃࡤᕷኳஂಖ 4-3-15
͋͋᪥ᮏ኱Ꮫ▷ᮇ኱Ꮫ㒊 ࠛ274-8501 ༓ⴥ┴⯪ᶫᕷ⩦ᚿ㔝ྎ 7-24-1
E-mail: ͊fujiyosi@rd.dnc.ac.jp, ͋fujiyosi@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp
͊͊ohtake@k.tsukuba-tech.ac.jp, ͋͋eugene@gaea.jcn.nihon-u.ac.jp࠶ࡽࡲࡋ どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅࡜೺ᖖ⪅ࡀⅬᏐࡢᩍ⛉᭩ࡸᩍᮦࡢゐㄞᅗࡢసᡂ࡟࠶ࡓࡾసᅗࢹ࣮ࢱࢆඹ᭷ࡋ㸪┦஫༠ຊࡋ࡚సᅗసᴗࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢసᅗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ㸬ᚑ᮶ࡢࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࡟ࡼࡿゐㄞᅗసᅗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ࣐࢘ࢫ➼ࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿ GUI㸦Graphical User Interface㸧࡛࠶ࡾ㸪どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅࡟ࡣ౑⏝୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡀⅬᏐヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢゐㄞᅗࡢ⮬❧ⓗసᡂࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓసᅗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ Bplot ࡣ CUI
㸦Character User Interface㸧࡛࠶ࡾ㸪೺ᖖ⪅࡟ࡣຠ⋡ⓗ࡜ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪CUI ࡢ Bplot ࢆࡉࡽ࡟ᨵⰋࡍࡿ࡜ඹ࡟㸪GUI ࡟ࡶᑐᛂࡋ㸪ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡓ㸬࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ㸪どぬ㞀ᐖ㸪ゐㄞᅗ㸪CUI㸪GUI

Universal Design of a New Drawing System of Tactile Graphics for the
Visually Disabled
Mamoru FUJIYOSHI͊ Akio FUJIYOSHI͋

Nobuyuki OHTAKE͊͊and Katsuhito YAMAGUCHI͋͋

͊Research Division, National Center for University Entrance Examinations
2-19-23 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8501, Japan
͋Faculty of Engineering, Ibaraki University

4-12-1 Nakanarusawa-cho, Hitachi-shi, Ibaraki, 316-8511, Japan

͊͊Tsukuba University of Technology
͋͋Nihon University Junior College

4-3-15 Amakubo, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8502 Japan

7-24-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba, 274-8501 Japan

E-mail: ͊fujiyosi@rd.dnc.ac.jp, ͋fujiyosi@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp
͊͊ohtake@k.tsukuba-tech.ac.jp, ͋͋eugene@gaea.jcn.nihon-u.ac.jp
Abstract We developed a new drawing system of tactile graphics for Braille textbooks and teaching materials. The system
can be used by both the visually disabled and the nondisabled, and cooperative drawing of tactile graphics is possible. Most of
current drawing systems have GUI (Graphical User Interface) and are unusable for the visually disabled. Bplot, aself-supporting drawing system for the visually disabled, used to have only CUI (Character User Interface). Improving CUI of
Bplot and developing GUI of it, we realized universal design of Bplot.
Keyword Universal design, Visual Disability, Tactile graphics, CUI, GUIゐ ㄞ ᅗ స ᅗ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ Bplot ࢆ 㛤 Ⓨ ࡋ ࡓ ( 2 ) 㸬 ࢸ ࢟ ࢫ ࢺ ࣭

1. ࡣ ࡌ ࡵ ࡟ᚑ ᮶ ࡢ ࠕ Ⅼ Ꮠ ⦅ 㞟 ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ 㸲 ࠖ (3) ࡸ ࠕ ࢚ ࣮ ࢹ ࣝ ࠖ (1)࢚ࢹ࢕ࢱ࡛సᅗࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆグ㏙ࡍࢀࡤ㸪㔜ᗘどぬ㞀➼㸪ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࡟ࡼࡿどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅⏝ゐㄞᅗࡢసᅗࢩᐖ ⪅ ࡶ ゐ ㄞ ᅗ ࢆ ⮬ ❧ ⓗ ࡟ స ᡂ ྍ ⬟ ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 CUI

ࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ㸪࣐࢘ࢫ➼ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ⏬㠃࡟┤㸦 Character User Interface㸧࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪㔜 ᗘ ど ぬ 㞀 ᐖ᥋ స ᅗ ࡍ ࡿ GUI㸦 Graphical User Interface㸧࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪㔜⪅ ࡶ Ⅼ Ꮠ ࢹ ࢕ ࢫ ࣉ ࣞ ࢖ ࢆ ぢ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ Bplot ࢆ ඲ ࡚ ᧯ స ྍᗘどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅࡟ࡣ౑⏝୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬సᅗࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࣭࢚ࢹ࢕ࢱ࡛㐺኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖

ᐅಟṇࡋ࡞ࡀࡽゐㄞᅗࢆ⮬❧ⓗ࡟ᰯṇྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࣥ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ᐊࡣ㸪ࣉࣟࢵࢱไᚚࢥ࣐ࣥࢻࢆᣑᙇࡋ

ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᬕ║⪅ࡢసᅗసᴗࡣ⏬㠃ࢆぢ࡞ࡀࡽసᅗ࡛ࡁ

࡚సᅗゝㄒࢆタィࡋ㸪ゝㄒฎ⌮⣔ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚ⅬᏐၥ㢟ࡿ GUI ࡢ ᪉ ࡀ ຠ ⋡ ⓗ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬㻝㻡㻟ࡇ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 CUI ࡢ ゐ ㄞ ᅗ స ᅗ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ Bplot ࢆ ࡉ ࡽࢀ㸪ᚋ㏙ࡍࡿసᅗゝㄒࢆฎ⌮ࡋ࡚㸪సᅗ⏝ࣂ࢖ࢼ࣭ࣜ࡟ ᣑ ᙇ ࡍ ࡿ ࡜ ඹ ࡟ 㸪ᬕ ║ ⪅ ⏝ ࡟ GUI ࡟ ࡶ ᑐ ᛂ ࡍ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ࢥ ࣮ ࢻ ࢆ ESA721 ➼ ࡟ ฟ ຊ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࣭ ࣔ ࣮ ࢻ ࡣ 㸪ᨵⰋࡋ㸪ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡓ㸬సᅗࢥ࣐ࣥࢻྡࡸ༳ᏐࡍࡿⅬࡢᗙᶆࢆࢸ࢟ࢫࢺᙧᘧ࡛
ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ⏬㠃ࡸࣉࣜࣥࢱ➼࡟ฟຊࡋ㸪సᅗࡍࡿୖ

2. ゐ ㄞ ᅗ స ᅗ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ Bplot ࡢ ᴫ せ࡛ᚲせ࡞ྛⅬࡢᗙᶆ᝟ሗࢆྲྀᚓࡋࡓࡾ㸪࢚࣮ࣛࢆ᳨ฟ

2.1. 䝅䝇䝔䝮ᵓ ᡂࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟౑⏝ࡍࡿ㸬࣊ࣝࣉ࣭࣮ࣔࢻࡣ㸪సᅗࢥ࣐ࣥࢻࡢ᭩ᘧࡸసᅗࢥ࣐ࣥࢻࡢྛᩘ್ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡢ

Bplot ࡢ ࣁ ࣮ ࢻ ࢘ ࢙ ࢔ ࣭ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ࡣ 㸪 㧗 ⢭ ⣽ ࡞ ゐ ㄞ᝟ሗࢆ⾲♧ࡍࡿ㸬ᅗ ࢆ స ᡂ ྍ ⬟ ࡞ Ⅼ Ꮠ ࣉ ࣜ ࣥ ࢱ࣭ࣉ ࣟ ࢵ ࢱ ESA721㸦 JTR
ओ 㸧ࢆ ౑ ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬ESA721 ࡢ ゎ ീ ᗘ ࡣ 㸪ᶓ 73dpi㸦 dot/inch㸧㸪

2.2. స ᅗ 䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮ゝ ㄒ

⦪ 80dpi ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ㏻ ᖖ ࡢ Ⅼ Ꮠ ࣉ ࣜ ࣥ ࢱ ࡢ ⣙ 4 ಸ ࡢ ゎ ീ

Bplot ࡢ స ᅗ ࣉ ࣟ ࢢ ࣛ ࣒ ゝ ㄒ ࡣ 㸪 ࣉ ࣟ ࢵ ࢱ ไ ᚚ ࢥ ࣐ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࣥࢻ᪉ᘧࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ౛ࢆ㸪ࣉࣟࢢࣛ

ESA721 ࡣ 㸪 ࣉ ࣜ ࣥ ࢱ ⏝ ⣬ ࢆ ⦪ ᪉ ྥ ࡟ ⣬ ㏦ ࡾ ᶵ ᵓ ࡛

࣒ 1 ཬࡧࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ 2 ࡟♧ࡍ㸬ື࠿ࡍ࡜ඹ࡟㸪༳Ꮠ࣊ࢵࢻࢆᶓ᪉ྥ࡟ࢫࢸࢵࣆࣥࢢ࣭
࣮ࣔࢱ࣮࡜ࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢ࣭࣋ࣝࢺ࡛⛣ືࡉࡏ㸪ⅬᏐࡲࡓࣉࣟࢵࢱไᚚࢥ࣐ࣥࢻ᪉ᘧࡣ㸪1 ⾜࡟ 1 ࢥ࣐ࣥࢻࢆࡣゐㄞᅗࢆ༳Ꮠࡍࡿ㸬༳Ꮠ࣊ࢵࢻ࡟ࡣ㸪ᶓ 2 ิ㸪⦪ 4

グ㏙ࡋࡓࢥ࣐ࣥࢻ⾜ࡢ㞟ྜ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪సᅗࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ⾜ ࡢ ィ 8 ᮏ ࡢ ༳ Ꮠ ࣆ ࣥ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ᅗ 1 ࡟ ESA721 ࡢ ༳ Ꮠ

グ㏙ࡍࡿ㸬ᚑ᮶㸪ࢢࣛࣇ࢕ࢵࢡ࣭ࣉࣟࢵࢱ࡛౑⏝ࡉࢀ࣊ࢵࢻࡢ༳Ꮠࣆࣥ㓄ิࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ୖ㒊ࡢ 6 ᮏࡢࣆࣥࡣ㏻

࡚࠸ࡓࢥ࣐ࣥࢻグ㏙᪉ᘧ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᖖࡢ 6 ⅬⅬᏐࡢ༳Ꮠ࡟౑⏝ࡍࡿ㸬ୗ㒊ࡢ 2 ᮏࡢ኱Ⅼ࡜ྛࢥ࣐ࣥࢻࡢࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࢵࢺࡣ㸪⾜㢌࡟ࢥ࣐ࣥࢻྡࢆ

ᑠⅬࡢࣆࣥཬࡧⅬᏐࡢ➨ 1 Ⅼࡢࣆࣥࡢィ 3 ᮏࢆసᅗ⏝グ㏙ࡍࡿ㸬ࢥ࣐ࣥࢻྡ࡟⥆ࡅ࡚ᚲせ࡞ᩘࡔࡅᩘ್ࣃࣛ࡟ ౑ ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ࣆ ࣥ ࡢ ඛ ➃ ࡢ ┤ ᚄ ࡣ 㸪 ᑠ Ⅼ ࡀ ⣙ 0.5mm㸪

࣓࣮ࢱࢆิグࡍࡿ㸬┤⥺ࡸ᭤⥺ࡢసᅗࢥ࣐ࣥࢻࡢ୍␒᭱ᚋࡢᩘ್ࣃࣛ

୰ Ⅼ ࡀ ⣙ 1.4mm㸪 ኱ Ⅼ ࡀ ⣙ 1.8mm ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬࣓ ࣮ ࢱ ࡣ pitch ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 pitch ࡣ ᥥ ࡃ Ⅼ ⥺ ࡢ Ⅼ ࡜ Ⅼ ࡢ 㛫

➨1Ⅼ

➨4Ⅼ

㝸㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ࢻࢵࢺ࣭ࣆࢵࢳࢆࣉࣜࣥࢱ⏝⣬ୖࡢᐇ

➨2Ⅼ

➨5Ⅼ

ᑍ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ࣑࣓࣮ࣜࢱ࡛ᣦᐃࡍࡿ㸬┤⥺ࡸ᭤⥺➼㸪

➨3Ⅼ

➨6Ⅼ

స ᅗ ࢥ ࣐ ࣥ ࢻ ࡛ ᥥ ࡃ Ⅼ ⥺ ࡣ 㸪 ᚋ ㏙ ࡢ window 㛵 㐃 ࢥ ࣐ᑠⅬ኱Ⅼࣥࢻ࡛ᚋ࠿ࡽᣑ኱⦰ᑠࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡶ㸪Ⅼ⥺ࡢࢻࢵࢺ࣭ࣆ
ࢵࢳࢆኚ໬ࡏࡎ㸪ゐぬⓗ࡟Ⅼ⥺ࡢ✀㢮ࡣኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ
࠺࡟タィࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᅗ  (6$ ࡢ ༳ Ꮠ ࣆ ࣥ 㓄 ิ 

2.3. స ᅗ 䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮

ESA721 ࡟ ࡣ 㸪 ࢸ ࢟ ࢫ ࢺ ࣭ ࣔ ࣮ ࢻ ࡜ ࢢ ࣛ ࣇ ࢕ ࢵ ࢡ ࣭స ᅗ ࣉ ࣟ ࢢ ࣛ ࣒ ࡣ 㸪 ࡲ ࡎ ᭱ ึ ࡟ window 㛵 㐃 ࢥ ࣐ ࣮ࣥࣔࢻࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࣭࣮ࣔࢻ࡛ࡣ㏻ᖖࡢ 6 ⅬⅬᏐࢻࢆグ㏙ࡍࡿ㸬సᅗࡍࡿᅗᙧᑐ㇟ࢆ௬᝿✵㛫ᗙᶆ⣔ୖࢆ༳Ꮠࡍࡿ㸬௚᪉㸪ࢢࣛࣇ࢕ࢵࢡ࣭࣮ࣔࢻ࡛ࡣ኱Ⅼ࣭ࡢᏑᅾ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐃ⩏ࡍࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ⅬᏐࣉࣜࣥࢱ⏝⣬ୖ࡟

୰Ⅼ࣭ᑠⅬࡢ 3 ᮏࡢࣆࣥࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚సᅗࡍࡿ㸬ᐇ✵㛫ᗙᶆ⣔ࢆ᝿ᐃࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ௬᝿✵㛫ᗙᶆ⣔ࢆᐇ✵ࢯ ࣇ ࢺ ࢘ ࢙ ࢔ ࣭ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ࡣ ⮬ ᕫ 㛤 Ⓨ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ESA721

㛫ᗙᶆ⣔࡟ᑐᛂ௜ࡅ㸪సᅗᑐ㇟࡟ⅬᏐ⏝⣬ୖࢆ༳Ꮠྍ

ࡢࢢࣛࣇ࢕ࢵࢡ࣭࣮ࣔࢻ࡟ࡣ㸪ࢃࡎ࠿ 3 ࡘࡢࣅࣝࢺ࢖

⬟࡟ࡍࡿ㸬࣭ࣥࢥ࣐ࣥࢻࡋ࠿࡞࠸㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪༳Ꮠࣆࣥࢆ኱Ⅼ࣭ḟ࡟㸪ᅗᙧᑐ㇟ࢆసᅗࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟సᅗࢥ࣐ࣥࢻࢆ㡰

୰Ⅼ࣭ᑠⅬ࡟ษࡾ᭰࠼ࡿࢥ࣐ࣥࢻ㸪༳Ꮠ࣊ࢵࢻࢆ┠ⓗḟ グ ㏙ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 స ᅗ ࢥ ࣐ ࣥ ࢻ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ 㸪 ESA721 Ⅼ Ꮠ ࣉࡢ఩⨨࡟⛣ືࡍࡿࢥ࣐ࣥࢻ㸪ཬࡧ┠ⓗࡢ఩⨨࡟ 1 Ⅼࢆࣜࣥࢱ࣭ࣉࣟࢵࢱ࡟ࡣୖ㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࣅࣝࢺ࢖࣭ࣥࢥ࣐

༳Ꮠࡍࡿࢥ࣐ࣥࢻࡢ 3 ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪ከᵝ࡞ゐࣥࢻࡀ 3 ࡘ࠶ࡿ㸬ㄞ ᅗ ࢆ ⡆ ༢ ࡟ స ᅗ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ 㸪80 ✀ ࡢ ✀ ࠎ ࡢ స ᅗ ࢥ ࣐ᐃᙧⓗ࡞ᅗᙧࢆసᅗࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪┤⥺ࡸ᭤⥺ࡢᅗᙧࣥࢻࢆࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔࡟ࡼࡾᐇ⌧ࡋࡓ㸬ࢆసᅗࡍࡿࢥ࣐ࣥࢻࢆ⏝ពࡋ࡚࠶ࡿ㸬ὶࢀᅗࡢసᅗ⏝ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ࡣ DOS ࡲ ࡓ ࡣ Windows ࡢ ࢥ ࣐ ࣥ ࢻ ࣭ ࣛ ࢖࡟ 㸪ࠕ ὶ ࢀ ⥺ ࠖ ࡢ ┤ ⥺ ࡸ ▮ ༳ 㸪ࠕ 㛤 ጞ ࠖ ࡸ ࠕ ⤊ ஢ ࠖ ཬ ࡧࣥ ࣭ ࣔ ࣮ ࢻ ࡛ ື స ࡍ ࡿ 㸬C + + 3.1j㸦 Borland Inc.㸧࡛ グ ㏙

ࠕ ➃ Ꮚ ࠖࢆ ⾲ ࡍ ෇ ࡸ ᴃ ෇ ᙧ 㸪ࠕ ฎ ⌮ ࠖࡢ 㛗 ᪉ ᙧ 㸪ࠕ ุ ᩿ ࠖࡋࡓ㸬ࡢ⳻ᙧ➼ࡶ 1 ࢥ࣐ࣥࢻ࡛సᅗྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᨺ≀ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ㸪సᅗ࣮ࣔࢻ࡜ࢸࢫࢺ࣭࣮ࣔࢻ㸪ཬࡧ࣊⥺ࡸ཮᭤⥺➼㸪ྛ✀ 2 ḟ᭤⥺㸪୕ゅ㛵ᩘࡸᣦᩘ࣭ᑐᩘࣝ ࣉ࣭ࣔ ࣮ ࢻ ࡢ 3 ࡘ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ᵓ ᡂ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬స ᅗ ࣔ ࣮ ࢻ ࡣ 㸪㛵ᩘ➼㸪ᶆ‽ⓗ࡞㛵ᩘࡢࢢࣛࣇࡶ 1 ࢥ࣐ࣥࢻ࡛సᅗྍ

ᑐヰᆺࡢసᅗ࣮ࣔࢻ࡜ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛసᅗ࣮ࣔࢻ࡟኱ูࡉ

⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

㻝㻡㻠

୍᪉㸪」㞧࡞᭤⥺ࡢࢢࣛࣇ➼㸪୙ᐃᙧࡢ᭤⥺ࢆసᅗ l -5.23 1.54

ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪᭤⥺⿵᏶ἲ࡟ࡼࡿసᅗࢥ࣐ࣥࢻࡢ౑⏝  6.67 8.89

ࡀ᭱㐺࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࢢࣛࣇసᅗ⏝࡟ᗙᶆ⣔ࡶ 1 ࢥ࣐࡜࠸࠺࣓ࣔࡀసᡂࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ࣓ࣔࢆ⦅㞟ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ࣥࢻ࡛సᅗྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬┤⥺ࡢసᅗࢥ࣐ࣥࢻࡀᐜ᫆࡟グ㏙࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࣅ࣮࣮࢝ࡸヨ㦂⟶➼㸪㒊ရ࡜࡞ࡿಶࠎࡢᅗᙧࢆ⤌ࡳᑗ᮶㸪ࡇࡢᶵ⬟ࢆᣑᙇࡍࢀࡤ㸪࣮࢝ࢯࣝࢆື࠿ࡋ࡞

ྜࢃࡏ࡚㸪໬Ꮫࡢᐇ㦂⿦⨨➼㸪ᶍᘧᅗࢆసᅗࡍࡿࡓࡵ

ࡀࡽ⮬ືⓗ࡟సᅗࡋ㸪సᅗࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ⮬ືసᡂࡶྍ

࡟㸪సᅗ㒊ရ㈞ࡾ௜ࡅࢥ࣐ࣥࢻࡶ⏝ពࡋ࡚࠶ࡿ㸬⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪సᅗ㒊ရࢆ௵ព࡟ᅇ㌿ࡋ࡚సᅗࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ᅗᙧᅇ㌿ࢥ࣐ࣥࢻࡶ⏝ពࡋ࡚࠶ࡿ㸬

3. స ᅗ ౛

2 Ⅼᡴࡗ࡚ 1 Ⅼఇࡴ➼㸪సᅗࡍࡿⅬ⥺ࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ

3.1. ❧ ᪉ య 䛾ᒎ 㛤 ᅗ 䛾స ᅗ ౛タィྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪Ⅼ⥺タィࢥ࣐ࣥࢻࡶ⏝ពࡋࡓ㸬❧᪉యࡢᒎ㛤ᅗࡢゐㄞᅗࡢసᅗ౛ࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬ᅗ࡟ぢฟࡋࡸ┠┒ࡾࡢᩘ್➼ࢆⅬᏐ࡛᭩ࡁධࢀࡿ

Bplot ࡢ స ᅗ ⤖ ᯝ ࡢ ⏬ 㠃 ࢆ ᅗ 2 ࡟ ♧ ࡍ 㸬 ࡑ ࡢ స ᅗ ࣉ ࣟࡓ ࡵ ࡢ Ⅼ Ꮠ ༳ Ꮠ 㛵 㐃 ࢥ ࣐ ࣥ ࢻ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 Ⅼ Ꮠ ࢆ NABCC

ࢢ࣒ࣛࢆࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ 1 ࡟♧ࡍ㸬࡞࠾㸪ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᕥ

㸦 North American Braille Computer Code㸧ࡲ ࡓ ࡣ ࢝ ࢼ ࡛➃ࡢ⾜␒ྕࡣཧ⪃ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ຍ➹ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬グ㏙ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬సᅗࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟ࡣ㸪௵ព࡟ὀ㔘ࢆࡘࡅࡓࡾ㸪ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᐇ⾜ࢆ୍㒊ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ࢔࢘ࢺࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ὀ㔘ࢥ࣐ࣥࢻࡶ⏝ពࡋ࡚࠶ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ྛࢥ࣐ࣥࢻࡢᩘ್ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࢆᩥᏐิኚᩘ
࡛グ㏙࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺㸪ᩥᏐิᐃ⩏ࡢ࣐ࢡࣟࢥ࣐ࣥࢻࡶ౑
⏝ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

2.4. GUI 䝰䞊䝗䛾᪂ タ௒ ᅇ 㸪ᬕ ║ ⪅ ⏝ ࡟ GUI ࣔ ࣮ ࢻ ࢆ ᪂ タ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬ᑐ ヰ ᆺ సᅗ ࣔ ࣮ ࢻ ࡛ GUI ࢥ ࣐ ࣥ ࢻ ࢆ Ⓨ ⾜ ࡍ ࡿ ࡜ 㸪ࢥ ࣥ ࣆ ࣗ ࣮ ࢱ⏬㠃ࡣࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࣭࣮ࣔࢻ࠿ࡽࢢࣛࣇ࢕ࢵࢡ࣭࣮ࣔࢻ࡟
ኚࢃࡾ㸪⏬㠃ୖ࡟ࣉࣜࣥࢱ⏝⣬ࡢᯟࡀ⾲♧ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡑᅗ  ❧ ᪉ య ࡢ ᒎ 㛤 ᅗ ࡢ స ᅗ ⤖ ᯝ ࡢ ⏬ 㠃 ࡢᚋ㸪సᅗࢥ࣐ࣥࢻࡀᐇ⾜ࡉࢀࡿᗘ࡟㸪సᅗ⤖ᯝࡀࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ⏬㠃࡟࣮࣭࢝ࣛࢢࣛࣇ࢕ࢵࢡࢫ࡛⾲♧ࡉࢀࡿ 㸬ࡲ ࡓ 㸪స ᅗ ࣉ ࣟ ࢢ ࣛ ࣒ ࡢ ඛ 㢌 ⾜ ࡟ GUI ࢥ ࣐ ࣥ ࢻ ࢆࣉ ࣟ ࢢ ࣛ ࣒ ຍ➹ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ࡑࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆࣉࣟࢢ࣒࣮ࣛࣔࢻ࡛ᐇ
⾜ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ⏬㠃࡟సᅗ⤖ᯝࡀ࣮࣭࢝ࣛࢢ

1ࣛࣇ࢕ࢵࢡࢫ࡛⾲♧ࡉࢀࡿ㸬

2/* ❧ ᪉ య ࡢ ᒎ 㛤 ᅗ ࡢ స ᅗ ࣉ ࣟ ࢢ ࣛ ୍࣒ ᪉ 㸪 ᑐ ヰ ᆺ ࡲ ࡓ ࡣ ࣉ ࣟ ࢢ ࣛ ࣒ ࣔ ࣮ ࢻ ࡛ trace ࢥ ࣐3ࣥࢻࢆⓎ⾜ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ⏬㠃࡟సᅗ⤖ᯝࢆࢢ

4*/ࣛࣇ࢕ࢵࢡࢫ࡛⾲♧ࡍࡿ࡜ඹ࡟㸪⏬㠃࡟࣮࢝ࢯࣝࡀฟ

5aux⌧ࡋ㸪࣮࢝ࢯࣝࡢᗙᶆࡀᩘ್࡛⾲♧ࡉࢀࡿ㸬

6

window 1 41 0 24

main module fig0702.txt

࣮࢝ࢯ࣭࣮ࣝ࢟ࢆ᧯సࡍࡿ࡜㸪࣮࢝ࢯࣝࡀ⏬㠃ୖࢆ7kana 22 24 (㺞㺼㺐 1 㺪㺼) 7-2

௵ ព ࡟ ື ࡃ ࡜ ඹ ࡟ 㸪 ࡑ ࡢ window ୖ ࡢ ᗙ ᶆ ࡀ ⾲ ♧ ࡉ ࢀ

8kana 5 21 㺛㺼-1ࡿ㸬9ࡲࡓ㸪సᅗࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆグ㏙ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᚲせ࡞ᗙᶆ

10

window -10.4 10.4 -12.5 12.5

᝟ ሗ ࡶ ྲྀ ᚓ ྍ ⬟ ࡜ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬a㹼 z ࡢ ࢔ ࣝ ࣇ ࢓ ࣋ ࢵ ࢺ ࢟ ࣮ ࢆ

11

dot 2

ᢲࡍ࡜㸪ධຊ࣮࢟࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓ࢔ࣝࣇ࢓࣋ࢵࢺ࡜ࡑࡢ࡜

12

box 0 0 2 8 3ࡁ ࡢ ࢝ ࣮ ࢯ ࣝ ࡢ Window ᗙ ᶆ ࡀ 㸪 ࣓ ࣔ ࣭ ࣇ ࢓ ࢖ ࣝ ࡟ ᭩

13

box 0 2 6 2 3ࡁฟࡉࢀࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪⏬㠃ୖࡢ࠶ࡿⅬ࠿ࡽ࠶ࡿⅬࡲ࡛

14line -2 -4 2 -4 3

┤ ⥺ ࢆ ᘬ ࡁ ࡓ ࠸ ࡜ ࡁ ࡟ ࡣ ┤ ⥺ ࡢ ጞ Ⅼ㸦 -5.23, 1.45㸧࡛ࠕ lࠖ15࡜ ධ ຊ ࡋ 㸪┤ ⥺ ࡢ ⤊ Ⅼ㸦 6.67, 8.89㸧࡛ ࢫ ࣌ ࣮ ࢫ ࢆ ධ ຊ

16

ࡍࢀࡤ㸪

17

㻝㻡㻡

paste fig07_c.txt -4 2 1 1

18

rotate 1 0 0 90

66

line -0.27 0.717 -0.27 -0.717 2

19paste fig07_d1.txt 0 6 1 1

67line 0.27 -0.717 0.27 0.717 2

20rotate 0 0 0 068

dart 0 1 90 0 45 0.9 0 2

69

dart 0 -1 -90 0 -45 0.9 0 2

21
22

paste fig07_d2.txt 0 2 1 1

70

23

71

24

paste fig07_a.txt 4 2 1 1

25
26

paste fig07_b.txt 0 -2 1 1

27
rotate 1 0 0 90

29

paste fig07_t.txt 0 -6 1 1

30

rotate 0 0 0 0

aux

74

dot 1
polygon 3 0 0 1 2ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ⾜ࡸ✵ⓑ⾜ࢆྵࡵ࡚ࡶࢃࡎ
࠿ 75 ⾜ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ࡞ ࠾ 㸪 ⾜ 㢌 ࡢ ࠕ /*ࠖ㸪ࠕ */ࠖ㸪ࠕ //ࠖ ࡣ 㸪31ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࢥ࣐ࣥࢻ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

32

ff

33

quit

స ᅗ ࣉ ࣟ ࢢ ࣛ ࣒ ࡢ ࣓ ࢖ ࣥ ࣭ ࣔ ࢪ ࣗ ࣮ ࣝ ࡣ 2 ⾜ ┠ 㹼 33
⾜ ┠ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪❧ ᪉ య ࡢ ᒎ 㛤 ᅗ ࢆ స ᅗ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬35 ⾜ ┠ 㹼 75

34
35

module fig07_t.txt

73
75

28

///

72

///

⾜┠ࡢ 6 ಶࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡣ⟽ࡢ୰࡟㈞ࡾ௜ࡅࡿ 6 ࡘࡢ

module fig07_a.txt

㒊ရᅗᙧࢆグ㏙ࡍࡿ㸬

36
37

aux

6 ⾜ ┠ ࡢࠕ window 1 41 0 24ࠖࡣ 40 ࣐ ࢫ 24 ⾜ ࡢ Ⅼ Ꮠ

38

dot 1

ࢆ ᭩ ࡃ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ window ࡢ タ ᐃ ࢥ ࣐ ࣥ ࢻ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ࣃ ࣛ ࣓39࣮ ࢱ ࡢ 1 ࡜ 41 ࡣ 㸪40 ࣐ ࢫ ࡢ ࣐ ࢫ ࡢ ⠊ ᅖ ࢆ タ ᐃ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬0arrow 0 -1 0 1 30 1 0 2

࡜ 24 ࡣ 24 ⾜ ࡢ ⾜ ࡢ ⠊ ᅖ ࢆ タ ᐃ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

40
41

///

7 ⾜ ┠ ࡢ ࠕ kana 22 24 (㺞㺼㺐 1 㺪㺼) 7-2ࠖ ࡣ 㸪 ᭱ ୖ ⾜ ࡢmodule fig07_b.txt

24 ⾜ ┠ ࡟ 22 ࣐ ࢫ ┠ ࠿ ࡽ ࣌ ࣮ ࢪ ぢ ฟ ࡋ ࢆ ᭩ ࡃ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ࢥ42࣐ࣥࢻ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

43

aux

44

dot 1

45

10 ⾜ ┠ ࡢࠕ window -10.4 10.4 -12.5 12.5ࠖࡣ 㸪స ᅗ ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࣉࣜࣥࢱ⏝⣬ୖ࡟ᗙᶆ⣔ࢆᐃ⩏ࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡢタ

box 0 0 0.8 0.8 2

ᐃ ࡢ ሙ ྜ 㸪window ୖ ࡢ ༢ ఩ 1 ࡢ 㛗 ࡉ ࡣ 㸪⦪ ᪉ ྥ ཬ ࡧ ᶓ

46
47

///

᪉ ྥ ࡜ ࡶ ࣉ ࣜ ࣥ ࢱ ⏝ ⣬ ୖ ࡢ 1cm ࡟ ᑐ ᛂ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬module fig07_c.txt

11 ⾜ ┠ ࡢ ࠕ dot 2ࠖ ࡣ స ᅗ ࡟ ኱ Ⅼ ࡢ ౑ ⏝ ࢆ ᣦ ᐃ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

48
49

aux

dot ࡢ ᭱ ึ ࡢ ࣃ ࣛ ࣓ ࣮ ࢱ ࡣ 㸪 0 ࡀ ᑠ Ⅼ 㸪 1 ࡀ ୰ Ⅼ 㸪 2 ࡀ

50

dot 1

኱Ⅼࢆᣦᐃࡍࡿ㸬51

circle 0 0 0.8 0 360 2

12 ⾜ ┠ ࡢ ࠕ box 0 0 2 8 3ࠖ ࡣ ⦪ 㛗 ࡢ ⟽ ࢆ グ ㏙ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬module fig07_d1.txt

0㸧 ࡟ ᣦ ᐃ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 3 ␒ ┠ ࡢ ࣃ ࣛ ࣓ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢ ࠕ 2ࠖ ࡣ 㸪 㔜 ᚰ᭱ ึ ࡢ 2 ࡘ ࡢ ࣃ ࣛ ࣓ ࣮ ࢱࠕ 0 0ࠖࡣ 㸪⟽ ࡢ 㔜 ᚰ ࢆ ཎ Ⅼ㸦 0,

52
53

///

࠿ࡽࡢ⟽ࡢᶓᖜࢆᕥྑࡑࢀࡒࢀ 2 ࡜タᐃࡍࡿ㸬4 ␒┠54ࡢ ࣃ ࣛ ࣓ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢࠕ 8ࠖࡣ 㸪㔜 ᚰ ࠿ ࡽ ࡢ ⟽ ࡢ ⦪ ᖜ ࢆ ୖ ୗ ࡑ

55

aux

56

dot 1

ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ 8 ࡜ タ ᐃ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬᭱ ᚋ ࡢ ࣃ ࣛ ࣓ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢࠕ 3ࠖࡣ 㸪⟽ࢆ ᥥ ࡃ Ⅼ ⥺ ࢆ 3mm 㛫 㝸 ࡢ Ⅼ ⥺ ࡛ ᘬ ࡃ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ♧ ࡍ 㸬

57line -0.27 0.717 -0.27 -1 2

58

line -0.27 -1 0.27 -1 2

14 ⾜ ┠ ࡢ ࠕ line -2 -4 2 -4 3ࠖ ࡣ 㸪 ጞ Ⅼ 㸦 -2, -4㸧 ࡜ ⤊59line 0.27 -1 0.27 0.717 2

Ⅼ㸦 2, -4㸧ཬ ࡧ ࢻ ࢵ ࢺ࣭ࣆ ࢵ ࢳ ࢆ 3mm ࡟ ᣦ ᐃ ࡋ ࡚ ⥺ ศ60dart 0 1 90 0 45 0.9 0 2

ࢆᥥࡃࢥ࣐ࣥࢻ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
16 ⾜ ┠ ࡢ ࠕ paste fig07_c.txt -4 2 1 1ࠖ ࡣ 㸪 స ᅗ 㒊 ရ

61
62

///

࡜ࡋ࡚෇ࢆ㈞ࡾ௜ࡅࡿࢥ࣐ࣥࢻ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬᭱ึࡢࣃ࣓ࣛ

module fig07_d2.txt

࣮ࢱࡣ㸪సᅗ㒊ရࡢ෇ࡢࣇ࢓࢖ࣝྡࢆᣦᐃࡍࡿ㸬2 ␒

63
64

aux

┠ ࡜ 3 ␒ ┠ ࡢ ࣃ ࣛ ࣓ ࣮ ࢱ ࡣ 㸪 ㈞ ࡾ ௜ ࡅ ࡿ window ୖ ࡢ

65

dot 1

ᗙ ᶆ 㸦 -4, 2㸧 ࢆ 㒊 ရ ࡢ ཎ Ⅼ ࡜ ᑐ ᛂ ࡙ ࡅ ࡚ 㸪 㒊 ရ ࢆ ㈞ ࡾ㻝㻡㻢௜ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦᐃࡍࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪᭱ᚋࡢ 2 ࡘࡢࣃ࣓࣮ࣛ

34

ࢱ ࠕ 1ࠖ ࡜ ࠕ 1ࠖ ࡣ 㸪 㒊 ရ ࢆ ᶓ ᪉ ἲ ࡟ 1 ಸ 㸪 ⦪ ᪉ ྥ ࡟ 135ಸࡋ࡚㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪㒊ရࡢ኱ࡁࡉࢆኚ࠼ࡎ࡟㈞ࡾ௜ࡅ

㸦୰␎㸧ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦᐃࡍࡿ㸬47

brl -2.88 24.1 7;p7///

curve 118 ⾜ ┠ ࡢࠕ rotate 1 0 0 90ࠖࡣ ᅇ ㌿ ༳ Ꮠ ࢥ ࣐ ࣥ ࢻ ࡛ ࠶48

ࡿ 㸬᭱ ึ ࡢ ࣃ ࣛ ࣓ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢࠕ 1ࠖࡣ 㸪ᅇ ㌿ ༳ Ꮠ ࢆ ᣦ ௧ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

49

dot 2

ࣃ ࣛ ࣓ ࣮ ࢱ 2 ࡜ 3 ࡢࠕ 0 0ࠖཬ ࡧ 4 ␒ ┠ ࡢࠕ 90ࠖࡣ 㸪rotate

50

spline 0 19 0 23 2 0 0 3Ⓨ ⾜ ᚋ 㸪 ཎ Ⅼ 㸦 0, 0㸧 ࢆ ୰ ᚰ ࡟ 90rᅇ ㌿ ࡋ ࡓ ఩ ⨨ ࡟ Ⅼ

51

0 14.3ࢆ ༳ Ꮠ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ព ࿡ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 rotate ࡢ 1 ␒ ┠ ࡢ ࣃ ࣛ ࣓

52

0.9

16

࣮ ࢱ ࢆ ࠕ 0ࠖ ࡟ ࡍ ࢀ ࡤ ᅇ ㌿ ࢆ ↓ ຠ ࡟ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

53

1.5

17.3

54

2 18.3

55

3.1

18.75

56

4.1

19.2

57

5 19.8୙ᐃᙧ࡞ᅗࡢసᅗ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕྛᅜዪᛶࡢᖺ௦ูປാ

58

5.75

20.3

ຊ⋡᭤⥺ࠖࡢࢢࣛࣇࢆᅗ 3 ࡟♧ࡍ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࡢసᅗࣉ

59

6.9

20.3

ࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ୍㒊ࢆࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ 2 ࡟♧ࡍ㸬

60

7.8

20.35

61

8.6

20.4

62

9.55

20.5

63

10.5

20

64

11

19.75

65

11.5

19.5

66

11.7

19.35

67

12.4

18.7

68

12.9

18.2

69

13.35

17.8

70

13.7

17.1

71

14

16.6

72

14.4

15.8

73

14.7

15.2

74

15.15

14.4

75

15.3

13.8

76

15.5

12.9

77

15.7

11.9

78

16

10.5

79

16.2

9.3

80

16.5

8

81

16.7

7

35 ⾜ ┠ ௨ ୗ ࡣ ྛ స ᅗ 㒊 ရ ࢆ グ ㏙ ࡍ ࡿ ࣔ ࢪ ࣗ ࣮ ࣝ ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

3.2. ୙ ᐃ ᙧ 䛺ᅗ ᙧ 䛾స ᅗ ౛ᅗ  ྛ ᅜ ዪ ᛶ ࡢ ᖺ ௦ ู ປ ാ ຊ ⋡ ᭤ ⥺ ࡢ స ᅗ ⤖ ᯝ ࡢ ⏬ 㠃 ࣉ ࣟ ࢢ ࣛ ࣒ 1///

fig3.txt///

page header

2
3
4

82

17

6

5

a4

83

17.25

5.1

6

window 1 41 0 25

84

17.6

4

7

dot 1

85

18

3

86

18.3

1.85

8

brl 21 25 7"$0`: ;,a7 #b-#ae

㸦୰␎㸧

87

18.8

0.4

18

xaxis 0 19 3.8 1 2

88

9999

0

19

brl -1.4 -1 #ae--

89

㸦୰␎㸧
33

yaxis 0 22.5 4.5 1 2

㻝㻡㻣

90

///

91

dot 2

curve 2

92

ࡢ GUI ᑐ ᛂ ࡣ ᬕ ║ ⪅ ࡢ స ᅗ స ᴗ ࢆ ࡼ ࡾ ຠ ⋡ ໬ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜spline 0 19 0 23 2 0 0 5

㸦୰␎㸧

ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬

114

18.8

1.65

Bplot ࡢ స ᅗ ࣉ ࣟ ࢢ ࣛ ࣒ ࡣ 㸪 ど ぬ 㞀 ᐖ ⪅ ࡜ ᬕ ║ ⪅ ࡜

115

9999

0

ࡀඹ᭷ࡋ㸪┦஫฼⏝࡜ඹྠసᴗࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿ㸬సᅗゝㄒ࡟ࣉࣟࢵࢱไᚚࢥ࣐ࣥࢻ᪉ᘧࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࢸ࢟

116ࢫࢺ࣭࢚ࢹ࢕ࢱ࡛ࢥ࣐ࣥࢻࢆグ㏙ࡋࡉ࠼ࡍࢀࡤ㸪どぬ

117

///

118

dot 0

curve 3㞀ᐖ⪅ࡶᬕ║⪅ࡶྠᵝ࡟సᅗࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᐜ᫆࡟సᡂ

119

spline 0 19 0 23 2 0 0 1.8

ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ゐㄞᅗࡢసᅗ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅࡟㸦୰␎㸧ࡼࡿゐㄞᰯṇࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ㸪ᬕ║⪅ࡢసᡂࡋ

142

18.8

3.35

ࡓసᅗࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࣭࢚ࢹ࢕ࢱ࡛㐺ᐅಟṇࡋ

143

9999

0

࡚㸪どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡀ⮬❧ⓗ࡟ᰯṇࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡲ
ࡓ㏫࡟㸪どぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢసᡂࡋࡓゐㄞᅗࢆ㸪ᬕ║⪅ࡀࢥ

144
145

ࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ⏬㠃ࢆぢ࡞ࡀࡽಟṇࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ffࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࣭ࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚సᅗࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ㠀ᖖ࡟ዪᛶࡢປാຊ⋡᭤⥺ࡢࡼ࠺࡟୙ᐃᙧࡢࢢࣛࣇࡣ᭤

ࢥࣥࣃࢡࢺ࡟ಖᏑ࣭⵳✚࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵ㸪ゐㄞᅗࡢὶ㏻࡜⥺ ⿵ ᏶ ἲ ࢆ ౑ ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ spline ࢥ ࣐ ࣥ ࢻ ࡛ グ ㏙ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ࣉ ࣟ෌฼⏝ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬᪥ᮏᆅᅗࡸୡ⏺ᆅᅗࡲࡓࡣ໬Ꮫࢢ ࣛ ࣒ 2 ࡢ 50-88 ⾜ ┠ 㸪92㹼 115 ⾜ ┠ ཬ ࡧ 119㹼 143 ⾜ࡸ ≀ ⌮ ࡢ ᐇ 㦂 ࡢ ᶍ ᘧ ᅗ ➼ 㸪 Bplot ゝ ㄒ ࡛ ゐ ㄞ ᅗ ࢆ ୍ ᗘ┠ ࡣ spline 㛵 ᩘ ࢆ ౑ ⏝ ࡋ ࡚ 3 ࡘ ࡢ ࢢ ࣛ ࣇ ࢆ స ᅗ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸సᡂࡋ࡚࠾ࡅࡤ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࢆࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࣭࢚ࢹ࢕ࢱ࡛ಟṇࡿ㸬ࡋ࡚㸪┠ⓗࡢゐㄞᅗࢆᐜ᫆࡟సᡂྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⌧ᅾ㸪

spline ࢥ ࣐ ࣥ ࢻ ࡢ ᭱ ึ ࡢ 2 ࡘ ࡢ ࣃ ࣛ ࣓ ࣮ ࢱ ࡣ ᅗ ᙧ ࢆࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ⅬᏐၥ㢟ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪༳Ꮠࡍࡿ x ᗙᶆࡢ⠊ᅖࢆᣦᐃࡍࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࡢᚋࡢ 2ࢭ ࣥ ࢱ ࣮ ヨ 㦂 ࡢ 㐣 ཤ ࡢ Ⅼ Ꮠ ၥ 㢟 ࡢ ゐ ㄞ ᅗ ࢆ 㸪 Bplot సࡘࡢࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡣ y ᗙᶆࡢ⠊ᅖࢆᣦᐃࡍࡿ㸬5 ␒┠ࡢᅗゝㄒ࡛グ㏙ࡍࡿసᴗࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪⌮⒪⛉ᩍࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡣ౑⏝ࡍࡿࢫࣉࣛ࢖ࣥ㛵ᩘࢆᣦᐃࡍࡿ㸬1⫱ ࡢ ᩍ ᮦ ࡢ ゐ ㄞ ᅗ ࡶ 㸪 Bplot స ᅗ ゝ ㄒ ࡛ グ ㏙ ⵳ ✚ ࡉ ࢀ

㹼3 ࡣ㸪㛤࠸ࡓᅗᙧࢆᥥࡃ࡜ࡁ࡟౑⏝ࡍࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪4࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢసᅗࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆࢹࡣ 㛢 ࡌ ࡓ ᅗ ᙧ ࢆ ᥥ ࡃ ࡜ ࡁ ࡟ ౑ ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬6㸪7 ␒ ┠ ࡢ ࣃ ࣮ࣛࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ໬ࡋ࡚㸪඲ᅜⓗ࡟ゐㄞᅗࡢὶ㏻࡜෌฼⏝ࢆ࣓࣮ࢱࡣ x ㍈᪉ྥཬࡧ y ㍈᪉ྥ࡟ᅗᙧࢆᖹ⾜⛣ືࡉࡏྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡿࡓࡵ࡟౑⏝ࡍࡿ㸬᭱ᚋࡢ 8 ␒┠ࡢࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡣࢻࢵ

GUI ࡣ 㸪 ᬕ ║ ⪅ ࡢ ࡳ ࡞ ࡽ ࡎ 㔜 ᗘ ど ぬ 㞀 ᐖ ⪅ ࡟ ࡜ ࡗ ࡚ࢺ࣭ࣆࢵࢳࢆᣦᐃࡍࡿ㸬ࡶ 㸪స ᅗ స ᴗ ࡢ ຠ ⋡ ໬ ࡟ ᭷ ⏝ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬ࡇ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪Bplot

spline ࢥ ࣐ ࣥ ࢻ ⾜ ࡢ ୗ ࡟ ⥆ ࡃ ࣃ ࣛ ࣓ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢ ⤌ ࡣ 㸪 ࢢ࡟ゐぬࢢࣛࣇ࢕ࢵࢡ࣭ࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖ࢆ᥋⥆ࡋ㸪どぬ㞀

ࣛࣇࡀ㏻ࡿⅬࡢᗙᶆ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᗙᶆࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ᭱ᚋࡢ⾜ࡢᐖ⪅ࡶసᅗ⤖ᯝࢆゐぬࢢࣛࣇ࢕ࢵࢡࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚༶᫬ⓗ࡟᭱ ึ ࡢ ࣃ ࣛ ࣓ ࣮ ࢱ ࡣ 9999 ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪ࢹ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢ ⤊ ஢ ࢆ ♧ ࡍ 㸬ㄆ ▱ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡍ ࡿ ィ ⏬ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 GUI ࢆ ࡉ ࡽspline 㛵 ᩘ ࡣ ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ᗙ ᶆ Ⅼ ࢆ ㏻ ࡿ ࡞ ࡵ ࡽ ࠿ ࡞ ᭤ ⥺ ࢆ࡟඘ᐇࡉࡏ㸪ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ⏬㠃ࡲࡓࡣゐぬࢢࣛࣇ࢕ࢵ

ᥥࡃ㸬ࢡ࣭ࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖ࡢసᅗ⤖ᯝࡢࢢࣛࣇ࢕ࢵࢡࢫୖࢆ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪ࢢࣛࣇࡢ x ᗙᶆ㍈ࡶ y ᗙᶆ㍈ࡶࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1 ࢥ࣮࢝ࢯࣝࢆື࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᬕ║⪅ࡶどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡶྠᵝ࡟࣐ ࣥ ࢻ ࡛ グ ㏙ ྍ ⬟ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 18 ⾜ ┠ ࡢ xaxis ࢥ ࣐ ࣥ ࢻ ࡣసᅗࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ⮬ືⓗ࡟సᡂྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿィ⏬࡛࠶ࡿ㸬x ᗙ ᶆ ࢆ グ ㏙ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬᭱ ึ ࡢ 2 ࡘ ࡢ ࣃ ࣛ ࣓ ࣮ ࢱ ࡣ windowࡉࡽ࡟㸪ᗈࡃ┣ᏛᰯࡸⅬᏐᅗ᭩㤋➼࡛ᩍᮦࡢゐㄞᅗࡢ x ㍈ ୖ ࡟ ᥥ ࡃ x ㍈ ࡢ ⠊ ᅖ ࢆ ᣦ ᐃ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬ྠ ᵝ ࡟ 㸪33 ⾜ࡢసᅗࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆඹ᭷ࡋ㸪┦஫฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡍ┠ ࡢ yaxis ࢥ ࣐ ࣥ ࢻ ࡣ y ᗙ ᶆ ㍈ ࢆ グ ㏙ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ᭱ ึ ࡢ 2ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࢢࣛࣇ࢕ࢵࢡᶵ⬟ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿⅬᏐࣉࣜࣥࢱ࡟ᑐࡘ ࡢ ࣃ ࣛ ࣓ ࣮ ࢱ ࡣ 㸪 y ㍈ ࡢ ⠊ ᅖ ࢆ ᣦ ᐃ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 xaxis ࡶࡍ ࡿ Bplot ࡢ ࢖ ࣥ ࢱ ࣇ ࢙ ࣮ ࢫ ࢆ 㸪 ᶵ ✀ ࡟ ౫ Ꮡ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜

yaxis ࡶ 3 ␒ ┠ ࡢ ࣃ ࣛ ࣓ ࣮ ࢱ ࡣ ㍈ ࡟ ࡘ ࡅ ࡿ ┠ ┒ ࡾ ࡢ ༢࡞ࡃᥦ౪ࡍࡿィ⏬࡛࠶ࡿ㸬఩ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪4 ␒┠ࡢࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡣྛ┠┒ࡾࡢⅬᩥࡢᩘࢆ♧ࡍ㸬᭱ᚋࡢࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡣࢻࢵࢺ࣭ࣆࢵࢳ࡛࠶

⊩[1] ⸨ 㔝 ⛱ ᐶ , “Welcome to EDEL-plus” 㸪
http://www7a.biglobe.ne.jp/~EDEL-plus/, 2007.
[2] ⸨ ⰾ  ⾨ 㸪 “ࠕ ど ぬ 㞀 ᐖ ⪅ ࡢ ゐ ㄞ ᅗ ࡢ స ᡂ ࢆ ྍ ⬟࡟ ࡍ ࡿ ࣉ ࣟ ࢵ ࢱ ࣭ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ࡢ 㛤 Ⓨ ”㸪 㟁 Ꮚ ᝟ ሗ ㏻
ಙ Ꮫ ఍ ᢏ ⾡ ◊ ✲ ሗ ࿌ ࠝ ⚟ ♴ ᝟ ሗ ᕤ Ꮫ ࠞ㸪 Vol.103㸪
No. 746㸪 7-12, 2004.
[3] ࢸ ࢡ ࣀ ࢶ ࣮ ࣝ , ࠕ Ⅼ Ꮠ ⦅ 㞟 ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ 4 ࠖ㸪
http://www.at-shop.com/, 2007.

ࡿ㸬

4. ⤖ ㄽ
ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡟ࡼࡿゐㄞᅗసᅗࢩࢫࢸ࣒
Bplot ࡢ 㛤 Ⓨ ࡣ 㸪 ᚑ ᮶ 㸪 㔜 ᗘ ど ぬ 㞀 ᐖ ⪅ ࡟ ࡣ ୙ ྍ ⬟ ࡛࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ゐ ㄞ ᅗ ࡢ ⮬ ❧ ⓗ స ᡂ ࢆ ྍ ⬟ ࡟ ࡍ ࡿ ࡜ ඹ ࡟ 㸪Bplot㻝㻡㻤➨ 3 ⠇ Tactile Graphics Production System Bplot2“The Development of a Universal Design Tactile Graphics Production System BPLOT2”
FUJIYOSHI Mamoru, FUJIYOSHI Akio, OTAKE Nobuyuki, YAMAGUCHI Katsuhito (2008)
ICCHP 2008, LNCS 5105, Springer-Verlag: 938-945.

㻝㻡㻥

The Development of a Universal Design Tactile
Graphics Production System BPLOT2
Mamoru Fujiyoshi1 , Akio Fujiyoshi2 , Nobuyuki Ohtake3 , Katsuhito
Yamaguchi4 and Yoshinori Teshima51

Research Division, National Center for University Entrance Examinations
2-19-23 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8501 Japanfujiyosi@rd.dnc.ac.jp
2
Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Ibaraki University
4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 316-8511 Japanfujiyosi@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp
3
Research and Support Center on Higher Education for the Hearing and Visually
Impaired, Tsukuba University of Technology
4-12-7 Kasuga, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0821 Japanohtake@k.tsukuba-tech.ac.jp
4
Junior College Funabashi Campus, Nihon University
7-24-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8501 Japaneugene@gaea.jcn.nihon-u.ac.jp
5
Digital Manufacturing Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial
Science and Technology
1-2 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8564 Japan
yoshinori.teshima@aist.go.jp

Abstract. We introduce a new universal design tactile graphics production system: BPLOT2. With BPLOT2, blind persons and sighted
persons can share resources and cooperatively draw tactile graphics tobe utilized in braille textbooks and teaching materials. Present tactile
graphics design applications have only GUI (Graphical User Interface)with the need for mouse operations and thus are not usable by blind
persons. Equally inconvenient, our self-supporting tactile graphics production system for the blind, BPLOT, has only CUI (Character User
Interface), so BPLOT is not popular among the sighted. Therefore, we
implemented GUI on BPLOT and realized universal design on BPLOT2.
Key words: universal design, visually impaired, tactile graphics, GUI

1

Introduction

For a long time, it was believed to be impossible for blind persons to produce
tactile graphics by themselves. Now, it is possible with BPLOT [1]. BPLOT is
the ﬁrst tactile graphics production system for the blind that enables the blind
to produce tactile graphics by themselves. BPLOT produces tactile graphics
from a source text ﬁle written in our newly designed plotter control language
for BPLOT. Because a source ﬁle for BPLOT is a text ﬁle, it is editable with

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M. Fujiyoshi et al.

any text editors by any person who has learned the plotter control language.
Therefore, BPLOT enables not only the sighted but also the blind to produce
tactile graphics by themselves.
The recent development of computer software is going in the direction of enriching GUI (Graphical User Interface). Undoubtedly, the development of GUI
has enhanced the usability and productivity of computer software for the sighted.
For example, a sighted person can draw a picture on a computer screen very easily with painting software such as Microsoft Paint. For the blind, on the other
hand, great eﬀorts have been and are being devoted to improve the usability
and productivity of computer software. Nishi and Fukuda [2] introduced graphic
editor software for the blind utilizing a tactile pin display DotView (KGS Corporation). Kopeček and Ošlejšek [3] proposed a method of creating pictures forthe blind by dialogue. We are looking forward to the development of these approaches.
Tactile graphics design applications have been available, such as BES4 [4],EDEL-plus [5] and Tiger Software Suite [6]. Like Microsoft Paint, these present
tactile graphics design applications have sophisticated GUI and enable the sighted
to produce tactile graphics easily. However, because of the necessity for mouse
operations, the blind cannot use these applications by themselves.
In this paper, we introduce a new universal design tactile graphics production system, BPLOT2. With BPLOT2, blind persons and sighted persons canshare resources and cooperatively draw tactile graphics to be utilized in brailletextbooks and teaching materials. BPLOT has only CUI (Character User Interface) and cannot display the image of ﬁgures on the display. Moreover, users
have to learn the plotter control language, so BPLOT is not popular among
the sighted. We, therefore, developed BPLOT2 by adding GUI on BPLOT andrealized universal design on BPLOT2.
This paper is organized as follows: In Section 2, the outline of BPLOT2 isexplained; in Section 3, examples of ﬁgures produced with BPLOT2 are shown;in Section 4, quality of productions is evaluated; and in Section 5, a conclusion
is drawn.

2

Outline of BPLOT2

2.1

The System

The system needs a braille printer and a PC which runs on Microsoft Windows
or DOS. The software for BPLOT2 was developed with Borland C++. In orderto obtain tactile graphics of high quality, we chose ESA721 (JTR Corporation)
as a recommended output device.
ESA721 is a braille plotter printer that can produce tactile graphics with very
high resolution: horizontally 73 dpi (dot/inch) and vertically 80 dpi. In comparison with ordinary braille printers (20dpi), the resolution of ESA721 is four times
more precise. The print head of ESA721 has eight print pins: six normal-sizedpins (1.4mm in diameter) and two additional pins (0.5mm and 1.8mm in diameter). The six normal-sized pins are used to print braille characters. The two㻝㻢㻞Universal Design Tactile Graphics Production System3

additional pins and the ﬁrst pin of the six normal-sized ones are used to draw
dotted lines.
BPLOT2 has four diﬀerent execution modes: drawing mode, interactive design mode, test mode and help mode.
2.2

The Plotter Control Language

In order to design tactile graphics by text editors, we developed a plotter control
language. The plotter control language is like a computer programming language
which consists of plotter control commands. In Section 3, we see examples ofﬁgure-drawing programs written in the plotter control language.
The plotter control commands were mainly imported from ones formerly
used to control vector-graphics printing devices. Each command consists of acommand name and parameters. Basic ﬁgures such as a circle and a straight line
can be described by a single command.
One of the biggest characteristics of BPLOT2 is that we can magnify andreduce the output tactile graphics with the same sense of touch because lines
are drawn with the same dot pitch. The dot pitch and the pattern of a dottedline are speciﬁed in the parameters of a command.
A ﬁgure-drawing program starts with the “window” command. It deﬁnes
the virtual coordinate space where ﬁgures are described, and relates the virtual
coordinate space to the real coordinate space of a sheet of paper mounted on abraille printer.
For ﬁgures frequently used, we prepared commands to describe those ﬁguresin one line. For example, in plotting a ﬂowchart we can use commands to describe a circle or ellipse as “terminal”, a rectangle as “process”, a diamond shapeas “decision”, and several kinds of arrows. A parabola, a hyperbola, a trigonometric function, an exponential function and a logarithmic function can also be
described by a single command.
Graphs including complicated curves can be described by means of spline
functions. In plotting graphs, the axis of coordinates can be described by a single command. To import a series of plotter control commands written in anotherﬁle, we use the “paste” command. Figures like a beaker and a test tube can beprepared in advance, and we can use those parts to describe equipment in alaboratory. To put a braille caption in a ﬁgure, we use the “braille” command.
NABCC (North American Braille Computer Code) and Japanese KANA code
are supported. In a similar manner to a computer programming language, comments and macros can be used.
2.3

The Development of GUI

We developed GUI on BPLOT2 for the sighted. During interactive design mode,
we can enter GUI mode. In GUI mode, a design sheet is displayed at the centerof the PC display. A sighted person can put basic ﬁgures on a design sheet in
the PC display. Fig. 1 is the screenshot of the PC display in GUI mode.

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M. Fujiyoshi et al.



Fig. 1. Screenshot of GUI

The ﬁgure-drawing program corresponding to a design sheet is automaticallygenerated and saved as a ﬁle.

3

Examples of Figures Produced with BPLOT2

Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are examples of tactile graphics produced with BPLOT2. Fig. 2
is an unfolded cube as an example of a drawing constituted by basic ﬁgures. Fig. 3
is the graph of “labor force participation rate of Japanese women” as an exampleof the usage of the “spline” command used to draw complicated curves.
Program 1 and Program 2 are the ﬁgure-drawing programs for Fig. 2 andFig. 3, respectively. The line numbers were added for the sake of readability.
Program 1 consists of 7 ﬁles with only 61 lines in total including comment andblank lines. The main module is to draw the whole ﬁgure, and six sub-modules
are to draw componential ﬁgures drawn in the boxes. On line 5, the “aux”
command is used to open a connection with a braille plotter printer ESA721.
On line 6, “window 1 41 0 24” deﬁnes the range of coordinates on a sheet ofpaper; the range of a horizontal coordinate is from 1 to 41, and the range ofvertical coordinate is from 0 to 24. On line 7, the “braille” command is used toprint braille characters, where “5 22” means the coordinates to print them. On
line 9, the “window” command is used again, and the range of coordinates isre-deﬁned. On line 10, the “dot” command is used to set the size of dots to beprinted, where 0 is the small dot, 1 the medium dot, and 2 the large dot. On line
11, the “box” command is used to draw a box, where the ﬁrst two parameters “00” means the coordinates of the center, “2” the width, “8” the height, and “3”the length of intervals between dots. Similarly, on line 12, “box 0 0 2 8 3” draws
a box. On line 13, the “line” command is used to draw a line from (-2,-4) to(2,-4) whose intervals between dots is 3mm. On line 15, the “paste” command is㻝㻢㻠Universal Design Tactile Graphics Production System

5

Fig. 2. Unfolded Cube
Fig. 3. Labor Force Participation Rate

used to draw a ﬁgure deﬁned in a separate ﬁle, where “ﬁg2 c.txt” is a ﬁle name,“-4 2” the coordinates, and “1 1” the magniﬁcation ratios of the horizontal andthe vertical. On line 17, the “rotate” command is used to rotate the coordinatesdeﬁned by the “window” command, where “1” means validity of the command,“0 0” the coordinates of the center of rotation, and “90” the angle of rotation. If
the ﬁrst parameter is “0”, then the command is invalid. On line 29, “ﬀ” means
the end of page.
Program 2 consists of 32 lines. On line 8, the “origin” command is used
to reset the origin of coordinates to (-6.5, -8). On line 11 and 12, the “xaxis”
command and the “yaxis” command are used to draw the horizontal axis andthe vertical axis. On line 23, the “spline” command is used to draw a splineinterpolation curve which goes along six points speciﬁed from line 24 to line 29.
“9999” on line 30 means the end of data.

4

Quality of Productions

To evaluate the quality of productions of BPLOT2, we compared productions
from the following three tactile graphics production systems: BPLOT2, EDELplus and BES4. These three are the computerized tactile graphics production
systems used in Japan to produce braille textbooks and braille test booklets.
Among them, BPLOT2 is the only system for the blind to produce tactile graphics by themselves. These three systems utilize the same braille printer ESA721.
We had the three systems to produce the four tactile graphics shown in Fig. 2,
Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5. We measured embossing time of each graphics.

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6

M. Fujiyoshi et al.
Program 1. Figure-Drawing Program for Fig. 2

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31

/* main module ﬁg2.txt
Cubic Development Chart
*/

1
2
3
4

aux
window 1 41 0 24
1
braille 5 22 ,Cubic ,Development ,Chart 2
3
window -10.4 10.4 -12.5 12.5
4
dot 2
box 0 0 2 8 3
1
box 0 2 6 2 32line -2 -4 2 -4 3
3
4
paste ﬁg2 c.txt -4 2 1 1
1
rotate 1 0 0 90
2paste ﬁg2 d1.txt 0 6 1 1
3
rotate 0 0 0 0
45
paste ﬁg2 d2.txt 0 2 1 1
6
7
paste ﬁg2 a.txt 4 2 1 1
1
paste ﬁg2 b.txt 0 -2 1 1
2
3
paste ﬁg2 t.txt 0 -6 1 1
4
5
ﬀ // formfeed
67/// end of main module
12
3
4/// module ﬁg2 a.txt
aux
dot 1
arrow 0 -1 0 1 30 1 0 2/// module ﬁg2 b.txt
aux
dot 1
box 0 0 0.8 0.8 2/// module ﬁg2 c.txt
aux
dot 1
circle 0 0 0.8 0 360 2/// module ﬁg2 d1.txt
aux
dot 1
line -0.27 0.717 -0.27 -1 2line -0.27 -1 0.27 -1 2line 0.27 -1 0.27 0.717 2
dart 0 1 90 0 45 0.9 0 2/// module ﬁg2 d2.txt
aux
dot 1
line -0.27 0.717 -0.27 -0.717 2line 0.27 -0.717 0.27 0.717 2
dart 0 1 90 0 45 0.9 0 2
dart 0 -1 -90 0 -45 0.9 0 2/// module ﬁg2 t.txt
aux
dot 1
polygon 3 0 0 1 2

Although the total embossing time of BPLOT2 and BES4 were same, they
were about 1.7 times faster than that of EDEL-plus. This diﬀerence may becaused by their embossing procedure. BPLOT2 and BES4 are drawing basic
ﬁgures in due order. EDEL, on the other hand, generates dotted image of ﬁguresin memory ﬁrst and embosses one line at a time from the top to the bottom of
paper.
The quality of productions of tactile ﬁgures of BPLOT2 and BES4 werea little better than that of EDEL-plus because of the diﬀerence of embossing
procedure.

㻝㻢㻢Universal Design Tactile Graphics Production System

7

Program 2. Figure-Drawing Program for Fig. 3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

// Labor force participation rateaux
window 1 41 0 24
braille 5 23 ,Lab—r =ce ”picip,n rate
braille 8 22 ( ,Japanese wom5
window -10.4 10.4 -12.5 12.5
origin -6.5 -8
dot 0
xaxis 0 15 3 2 2yaxis 0 15 1.5 2 2braille -2.3 16.2 7p}c5t7
braille -2.3 15.2 #ajj
braille -1.8 0.2 #j

17
18
braille 1.5 -0.5 #be-#bi
19
braille 7.5 -0.5 #de-#di20
braille 7.5 -1.5 7age721
22 dot 1
23
spline 0 15 0 15 2 0 0 2
24
0 3 // point 1
25
1.8 11 // point 226
4 7 // point 327
9 10 // point 4
28
12 6 // point 529
15 2.5 // point 6309999 0 // end of data
31
32 ﬀ // formfeed

Fig. 5. Concentric Circles

Fig. 4. Inclined lines

5

Conclusion

The universal design of BPLOT2 enables the blind and the sighted to shareresources and cooperatively draw tactile graphics. Since tactile proofreading bya blind person is necessary to ensure the quality of tactile graphics, a system
which enables a blind person to proofread and revise tactile graphics was strongly
requested. With BPLOT2, a blind person can edit a ﬁgure-drawing program
generated from a design sheet drawn by a sighted person with GUI mode of
BPLOT2. Likewise, a design sheet generated from a ﬁgure-drawing program
formerly made by a blind person can be revised by a sighted person with GUI
mode of BPLOT2.

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M. Fujiyoshi et al.

Actually, BPLOT2 has been utilized to produce all tactile graphics of brailleformat tests for the National Admission Test for Law Schools and some tactile graphics for the National Center Test for University Admissions in Japan.
Examples are shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.

Fig. 7. (Chemistry) An Equipment ofFig. 6. (Biology) Morphologic Characteris- Chemistry (Forked Test Tube and Gas coltics of Acorn
lecting Bottle)

We think ﬁgure-drawing programs are superb in reusability and circulation
because they are text ﬁles. We are preparing public domain ﬁgure-drawing programs usable for classes in mathematics, chemistry and physics.
Recently, the development of tactile graphic displays for the PC is remarkable. GUI is useful not only for the sighted but also for the blind. We want tooﬀer GUI to the blind so that they can make use of a tactile graphic display inthe near future.

References
1. Fujiyoshi, M.: The Development of Plotting System That Enables People with
Visual Disabilities to Produce Tactile Graphics (in Japanese). Technical Report of
IEICE, WIT, Vol. 103, No. 746，7-12 (2004)
2. Nishi, A., Fukuda, R.: Graphic Editor for Visually Impaired Users. In: Proceedingsof the 10th International Conference on Computers Helping People with Special
Needs (ICCHP 2006), LNCS 4061, pp.1139-1146 (2006)
3. Kopeček, I., Ošlejšek, R.: Graphic Editor for Visually Impaired Users. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computers Helping People with
Special Needs (ICCHP 2006), LNCS 4061, pp.61-68 (2006)
4. BES4 (in Japanese), http://www.ttools.co.jp/product/eyes/BES4.html
5. EDEL-plus (in Japanese), http://www7a.biglobe.ne.jp/∼EDEL-plus/
6. Tiger Software Suite, http://www.viewplus.com/products/braille-embossers/
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ࡢᨵⰋࡀㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ゐㄞᅗࡢ༳Ꮠ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣉࣟࢵࢱ᪉ᘧ࡜ࣛ࢖ࣥࣉࣜࣥࢱ᪉
 %SORW ࡢᴫせ
ᘧࡢ༳Ꮠ㏿ᗘࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡓࡵ༳Ꮠᡤせ᫬㛫ࡢẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ືస⎔ቃ ༳ᏐᮦᩱࡣࠊὶࢀᅗࡸຊᏛࡢᶍᘧᅗ➼┤⥺ᙧࡢᅗᙧ 5 ᯛ
 ࣁ࣮ࢻ࢙࢘࢔ࡣࠊ㧗ゎീᗘࡢࢢࣛࣇ࢕ࢵࢡⅬᏐࣉࣜࣥࢱ
ཬࡧࢢࣛࣇࡸ⏕≀ࡢᶍᘧᅗࡸ᪥ᮏᆅᅗ➼᭤⥺ᙧࡢᅗᙧ 4 ᯛ
ESA721 ཬࡧ 2012 ᖺ 8 ᭶࡟Ⓨ኎ணᐃࡢ ESA600 (JTR(ᰴ))ࡢィ 9 ᯛ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࠋゎീᗘࡣࠊESA721 ࡀ㏻ᖖࡢⅬᏐࣉࣜࣥࢱࡢ ༳Ꮠ࡟ࡣ ESA721 ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋ
4 ಸࠊESA600 ࡀ 5 ಸ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ḟࡢ⾲ࡣࠊࣛ࢖ࣥࣉࣜࣥࢱ᪉ᘧ࡜ࣉࣟࢵࢱ᪉ᘧࡢ༳Ꮠᡤ ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔ࡣࠊ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢࢸࢫࢺࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮
せ᫬㛫࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⾲୰ࠊࠕlp / ptࠖࡣྛ༳Ꮠᮦᩱࡈ࡜࡟ồࡵࡓࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢ◊✲ᐊ࡛⮬ᕫ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋESA721 ཬࡧࣉࣟࢵࢱ᪉ᘧ(pt)ࡢ༳Ꮠᡤせ᫬㛫࡟ᑐࡍࡿࣛ࢖ࣥࣉࣜࣥࢱ
ESA600 ࡟ࡣ 3 ࡘࡢసᅗࢥ࣐ࣥࢻࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊࢯࣇࢺ࢘
᪉ᘧ(lp)ࡢ༳Ꮠᡤせ᫬㛫ࡢಸ⋡࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢙࢔࡟ࡼࡾ 90 ✀ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿከᙬ࡞సᅗࢥ࣐ࣥࢻࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡓࠋ⾲ ୧᪉ᘧࡢ༳Ꮠᡤせ᫬㛫㸦⛊㸧

ୗࣄࣥࢪ
୰ኸ್
ୖࣄࣥࢪ
 %SORW ࡢ୺࡞ᨵⰋⅬ :LQGRZV ࡬ࡢᑐᛂ
ࣛ࢖ࣥࣉࣜࣥࢱ

ࣉࣟࢵࢱ


 Bplot3 ࡣ Windows7 ୖ࡛ືసࡍࡿࠋ⏬㠃ᵓᡂࡣࢥ࣐ࣥ
OSSW



ࢻࢆグ㏙ࡍࡿ࢚ࢹ࢕ࢱ⏬㠃ࠊ⏬ീࢆ⾲♧ࡍࡿࣉࣞࣅ࣮ࣗ⏬
㠃ࠊ࢚࣮ࣛ⏬㠃ࠊ࣊ࣝࣉ⏬㠃ࡢ 4 ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣛ࢖ࣥࣉࣜࣥࢱ᪉ᘧࡣࣉࣟࢵࢱ᪉ᘧ࡟ẚ࡭࡚༳Ꮠᡤせ᫬ ࢚ࢹ࢕ࢱ⏬㠃࡟ࢥ࣐ࣥࢻࢆグ㏙ࡋ࡚࠸ࡅࡤࠊࣉࣞࣅ࣮ࣗ
㛫ࡀ୰ኸ್࡛ 2.33 ಸ㛗ࡃ࠿࠿ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ
⏬㠃࡟ࡑࡢゐㄞᅗࡢ⏬ീࡀ⾲♧ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࣛ࢖ࣥࣉࣜࣥࢱ᪉ᘧࡢ༳Ꮠရ㉁ࡣࠊⅬࡢ㔜ࡡᡴ ࣉࣞࣅ࣮ࣗ⏬㠃ୖ࡛࣐࢘ࢫ࣮࢝ࢯࣝࢆື࠿ࡋ࡚ᅗࢆᥥࡃ
ࡕࡀ↓ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ⥺࡜⥺ࡢ❧య஺ᕪࡢ≧ែࡀࡣࡗࡁࡾࡋࠊ༳
஦ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࡢᅗ࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓసᅗࢥ࣐ࣥࢻࡀ࢚ࢹ࢕ࢱ⏬
ᏐࡶᏳᐃࡍࡿ➼ࠊྥୖࡋࡓࠋ
㠃࡟㏣ຍ⾲♧ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࢥ࣐ࣥࢻ⾜ࢆຍ➹ಟṇࡍࢀࡤࡼ ESA600 ࡢ༳Ꮠ㏿ᗘࡣࠊ༳Ꮠ࣊ࢵࢻࡀ 10 ಶ࡟ቑ࠼ࡿࡓ
ࡾ⢭ᐦ࡟సᅗࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
ࡵࠊESA721 ࡢࣛ࢖ࣥࣉࣜࣥࢱ᪉ᘧࡢ 10 ಸࠊࣉࣟࢵࢱ᪉ ࣛ࢖ࣥࣉࣜࣥࢱ᪉ᘧࡢ༳Ꮠࡢᐇ⌧
ᘧࡢ 4 ಸ⛬ᗘ࡟㏿ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ ゐㄞᅗࡢ༳Ꮠ᪉ᘧࢆᚑ᮶ࡢࣉࣟࢵࢱ᪉ᘧ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࣛ࢖ࣥ ⤖ㄽ
ࣉࣜࣥࢱ᪉ᘧࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡓࠋࣉࣟࢵࢱ᪉ᘧࡣࠊ኱࣭୰࣭ᑠࡢ
 Windows7 ୖ࡛ືసࡍࡿࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢゐㄞᅗ
Ⅼࢆ༳Ꮠࡍࡿ 3 ᮏࡢ༳Ꮠࣆࣥࢆᣢࡘ༳Ꮠ࣊ࢵࢻ 1 ಶࢆࠊࢢసᅗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ Bplot3 ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢢࣛࣇ࢕
ࣛࣇ࢕ࢵࢡࣉࣟࢵࢱࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࣉࣜࣥࢱ⏝⣬ୖࢆୖୗᕥྑ࡟
ࢵࢡࣉࣜࣥࢱ ESA600 ࡀ 2012 ᖺ 8 ᭶࡟Ⓨ኎ࡉࢀࢀࡤ༶ᑐ
ື࠿ࡋ࡚ࠊ༳Ꮠࡍࡿ᪉ᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣛ࢖ࣥࣉࣜࣥࢱ᪉ᘧࡣࠊ
ᛂ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࠊᚑ᮶ࡢࣉࣟࢵࢱ᪉ᘧ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࣛ࢖ࣥࣉࣜࣥ
ࣛ࢖ࣥࣉࣜࣥࢱࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࣉࣜࣥࢱ⏝⣬ࡢୖ᪉࠿ࡽୗ᪉࡟ 1ࢱ᪉ᘧࡢ༳Ꮠࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡓࠋࣛ࢖ࣥࡎࡘ༳Ꮠࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ᪉ᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᚑ᮶ࡢ ESA721 ࡢࣉࣟࢵࢱ᪉ᘧࡢ༳Ꮠ࡟ẚ ESA721 ཬࡧ ESA600 ⏝࡟ࣛ࢖ࣥࣉࣜࣥࢱ᪉ᘧࡢ༳Ꮠࢥ
࡭࡚ ESA600 ࡢࣛ࢖ࣥࣉࣜࣥࢱ᪉ᘧࡢ༳Ꮠ㏿ᗘࡣ 4 ಸ࡟ྥ࣐ࣥࢻࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡓࠋESA600 ࡣࠊࣛ࢖ࣥࣉࣜࣥࢱ᪉ᘧࡢ༳
ୖࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊゎീᗘࡶ᭦࡟ྥୖࡍࡿࡓࡵ㧗⢭⣽࡞సᅗࡀᏐࡀຠ⋡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋESA600 ࡢࣁ࣮ࢻ࢙࢘࢔ࡣࠊ኱࣭୰࣭
ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
ᑠࡢⅬࢆ༳Ꮠࡍࡿ 3 ᮏࡢ༳Ꮠࣆࣥࢆᣢࡘ༳Ꮠ࣊ࢵࢻࡀ 10 Bplot3 ࡢసᅗゝㄒࢆ፹௓࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ┣ᏛᰯࡸⅬᏐᅗ᭩㤋ࡢ
ಶᶓ 1 ิ࡟㓄⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ10 ಶࡢ༳Ꮠ࣊ࢵࢻࢆᕥྑ࡟ື
どぬ㞀ᐖ࡜ᬕ║ࡢᩍ⫋ဨ➼ࡀ┦஫༠ຊࡋ࡚ᩍ⛉᭩ࡸᩍᮦࡢ
࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࣉࣜࣥࢱ⏝⣬ࡢୖ᪉࠿ࡽୗ᪉࡬ 1 ࣛ࢖ࣥࡎࡘ༳
ゐㄞᅗࡢసᡂࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊసᅗࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ
Ꮠࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟タィࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
⵳✚࣭ඹ᭷ࡋ࡚෌฼⏝ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ୧ࣉࣜࣥࢱ⏝࡟ࣛ࢖ࣥࣉࣜࣥࢱ᪉ᘧࡢ༳Ꮠࢆ
)8-,<26+, 0DPRUX $20$768 7RVKLDNL 6$:$=$.,
ᐇ⌧ࡋࡓࠋ୍᪦ࠊࣂࢵࣇ࢓࣓ࣔࣜ࡟ࣉࣟࢵࢱ᪉ᘧ࡛ゐㄞᅗ+DUXKLNR 㻝㻣㻝➨ 5 ❶ ᢏ⾡ࡢẸ㛫⛣㌿㻝㻣㻟➨ 1 ⠇ ᴫせ ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡣࠊධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢᅜ❧ࡢ◊✲ᶵ㛵࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡓୡ⏺࡛၏୍ࡢ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢ◊✲ᶵ㛵࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ◊✲ᐊ࡛㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓᢏ⾡ࢆᗈࡃබ㛤ࡋࠊά⏝ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊᢏ⾡ࡢẸ㛫⛣㌿ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ୙ྍど 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻ᪉ᘧࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢసᡂᢏ⾡ࢆά⏝ࡋࠊ⣬ࡢᩍ⛉᭩࡟┤᥋㡢ኌࢆ௜ࡅࡓ㡢ኌ௜ᩍ⛉᭩ࢆヨసࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᑠ࣭୰ᏛᰯࡢᩥᏐㄆ▱㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᙅどඣࡸㄞᏐ㞀ᐖඣཬࡧእᅜேᏊ
ዪ➼࡟ᅜㄒ࣭ⱥㄒ࣭⌮⛉➼ࡢ㡢ኌ௜ᩍ⛉᭩ࡢᥦ౪ࢆጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ㛤ⓎࡋࡓⅬᏐၥ㢟ࡢゐㄞᅗసᅗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ Bplot3 ࢆࠊ┣ᏛᰯࡸⅬᏐฟ∧᭩ࡢⅬᏐᩍ⛉᭩ࡸ
ⅬᏐᩍᮦࡢసᡂ࡟ࠊᬕ║ࡢᩍ⫋ဨ࡜ඹ࡟どぬ㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᩍ⫋ဨ࡟ࡶᗈࡃά⏝ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡓࡵࠊ
᪥ᮏ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡᣺⯆ᶵᵓ࠿ࡽ◊✲㈝ࢆཷࡅ〇ရ໬ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢ Bplot3 ࡣ㔜ᗘどぬ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡶⅬᏐᩍᮦࡢゐㄞᅗࡢసᡂࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿୡ⏺࡛၏୍ࡢゐㄞᅗసᅗࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⌧ᅾ≉チࢆฟ㢪୰࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
 ➨ 2 ⠇ࡣࠊ୙ྍど 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖඣཬࡧ㔜ᗘࡢᙅどඣཬࡧእᅜேᏊዪ➼ࡢ⬟ືⓗㄞ᭩ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓᩥ❶࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳࣔ
࣮ࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⣬ࡢ༳ๅᩍ⛉᭩ࡢୖ࡟ぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࡀ┤᥋㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡓࡵࠊ㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖࡛ࣖࢱࢵࢳࡍࡿ࡜ᙜヱᩥ❶ࡀ㡢ኌ࡛෌⏕ࡉࢀࡿࠋどぬ࡜⫈ぬࡢ 2 ࡘࡢࣔࢲࣜ
ࢸ࢕≉ᛶࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ᩍ⛉᭩ࢆ⬟ືⓗ࡟ṇ☜࡟ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ ➨ 3 ⠇ࡣࠊࡇࡢᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ࡢసᡂ᪉ἲ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⓎ⾲࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ➨ 4 ⠇ࡣࠊどぬ⤒㦂ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡞࠸┣Ꮫᰯࡢ㔜ᗘどぬ㞀ᐖඣ࡟ぢྲྀࡾᅗࡸᑕᙳᅗ➼ࠊ❧య≀ࡢ 2 ḟඖ⾲⌧ࢆᏛ⩦ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡓࡵ࡟㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠊゐㄞᅗసᅗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ Bplot ⏝ࡢࣉࣜࣉࣟࢭࢵࢧࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄽᩥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢᨭ᥼࡟㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ఍㆟࡟࠾ࡅࡿⓎ⾲ㄽᩥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

㻝㻣㻡➨ 2 ⠇ ⬟ືⓗ࡞ㄞ᭩ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿᩥ❶࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ࠕㄞᏐ㞀ᐖඣ࡜㔜ᗘࡢᙅどඣࡢ⬟ືⓗ࡞ㄞ᭩ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿᩥ❶࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ࡢ㛤Ⓨࠖ⸨ⰾ ⾨, ༡㇂࿴⠊, ኱⃝ᙲᏊ, ⸨ⰾ᫂⏕ (2011). ᪥ᮏᩍ⫱ᕤᏛ఍➨ 27 ᅇ඲ᅜ኱఍Ⓨ⾲ண✏㞟,491-492.

㻝㻣㻣ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖඣ䛸㔜ᗘ䛾ᙅどඣ䛾⬟ືⓗ䛺ㄞ᭩䜢ྍ⬟䛻䛩䜛ᩥ❶䛸㡢ኌ䛾䝬䝹䝏䝰䞊䝎䝹ᩍ⛉᭩䛾㛤Ⓨ
Development of Multimodal Textbooks with Document and Speech enables to Read Actively forChildren with Print Disabilities⸨ⰾ ⾨࣭͊༡㇂࿴⠊࣭͊኱⃝ᙲᏊ࣭͊⸨ⰾ᫂⏕͋
Mamoru FUJIYOSHI࣭͊Kazunori MINATANI࣭͊Akiko OSAWA࣭͊Akio FUJIYOSHI͋኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮࣭͊Ⲉᇛ኱Ꮫ͋
National Center for University Entrance Examinations࣭͊Ibaraki University͋㸺࠶ࡽࡲࡋ㸼ぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖඣཬࡧ㔜ᗘࡢᙅどඣࡢ⬟ືⓗㄞ᭩ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᩥ❶࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋ
᭱㏆ࠊ࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ DAISY ➼ࠊ⏬㠃࡟ᩥ❶ࢆ⾲♧ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㡢ኌࡶ෌⏕ྍ⬟࡞㟁Ꮚࣈࢵࢡࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ࡣࠊ⣬ࡢ༳ๅᩍ⛉᭩ࡢୖ࡟ぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࡀ㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖࡛ࣖࢱࢵࢳࡍࡿ࡜ᙜヱᩥ❶ࡀ㡢ኌ࡛෌⏕ࡉࢀࡿࠋどぬ࡜⫈ぬࡢ 2 ࡘࡢࣔࢲࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ᩍ⛉᭩ࢆ⬟ືⓗ࡟ṇ☜࡟ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
㸺࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸼 ≉ูᨭ᥼ᩍ⫱ࠊㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࠊᙅどࠊ࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࠊ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ࡢసᡂࡣࠊ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡛◊✲୰ࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ◊✲࠿ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀࡓࠋ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ㡢ኌ࡟ࡼࡿㄞ᭩ࡣཷࡅ
㌟ⓗ࡟࡞ࡽࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡣ኱ၥᙧᘧ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㛗ᩥ࡛ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡶ」㞧࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊၥ㢟ࢆ⬟ືⓗ࡟ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡞⊂⮬ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ2006 ᖺ࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡓぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚
2009 ᖺ࡟㔜ᗘࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅ࠊ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ཬࡧ≉࡟㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ2010 ᖺ࡟㏻ᖖᩥᏐ
ࡲࡓࡣᣑ኱ᩥᏐࡢၥ㢟෉Ꮚࢆ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘどぬⓗ࡟ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡞ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅ཬࡧ㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅⏝࡟ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ
㢟ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋ
ࡇࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢసᡂᢏ⾡ࢆᛂ⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ⬟ືⓗ࡞ㄞࡳࡀྍ⬟࡞ᩥ❶࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩࡜ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌᩍ⛉᭩ࡢసᡂࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ

㸰㸬࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ࡢᴫせ㛤Ⓨ࡟᥇⏝ࡋࡓぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࠊࢢࣜࢵ
ࢻ࣭࢜ࣥࣉࢵࢺ㸦ࢢࣜࢵࢻ࣐࣮ࢡ(ᰴ)㸧ࡣ 0.25mm
㛫㝸ࡢᑠࡉ࡞Ⅼࡢ㓄ิ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ2mm ゅ࡛ 1 ࡘࡢࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᩍ⛉᭩ࡢ₎Ꮠ௬ྡ஺ࡌࡾᩥ
ࡢୖ࡟㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ

㻝㻣㻥୍㠃࡟༳ๅࡍࡿ࡜⫼ᬒⰍ࡜࡞ࡾᩥᏐࡸᅗࡢどㄆࢆጉࡆ࡞࠸≉ᚩࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᩥ❶࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ࡣࠊぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࡀ㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡉࢀࡓ㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡲ
ࡓࡣᣑ኱ᩥᏐࡢᩍ⛉᭩࡜㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࡢ 2 ࡘ࡛ᵓᡂࡍࡿࠋ୍⯡࡟ᩥ❶ࡣẁⴠࡸᩥ➼ࠊᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ࡣࠊࡇࡢᩥ
᭩ᵓ㐀༢఩࡟ᩥ❶ࢆศ๭ࡋࠊྛᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀㡿ᇦ࡟ 2ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ๭ࡾ௜ࡅࠊ୍㠃࡟㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡋ࡚స
ᡂࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࡶᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀༢఩ẖ࡟⫗ኌࡲࡓࡣྜᡂ㡢ኌ࡛సᡂࡋࠊSD ࣮࢝ࢻ࡟グ㘓ࡋࠊIC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖ࡟ෆⶶࡍࡿࠋ
㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࡢඛ➃ࡢࢥ࣮ࢻ࣭࣮ࣜࢲ࡛ᩍ
⛉᭩ࡢ௵ពࡢ₎Ꮠ௬ྡ஺ࡌࡾᩥࢆࢱࢵࢳࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ
ࢥ࣮ࢻࡀㄞࡳྲྀࡽࢀࠊࡑࡢࢥ࣮ࢻ࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓ ICࣉࣞ࢖ࣖෆⶶࡢ㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ෌⏕ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡓ
ࡵࠊ㏻ᖖࡢ⣬ࡢ༳ๅᩍ⛉᭩࡜ྠᵝࠊ༳ๅ≀ㄞ᭩ᅔ㞴ඣࡶࠊࡥࡽࡥࡽ࡜࣮࣌ࢪࢆ⧞ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽどぬ࡜⫈ぬࡢ 2 ࡘࡢࣔࢲࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ᩍ⛉᭩ࢆ⬟ືⓗ࡟ṇ☜࡟ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢసᡂᢏ⾡ࢆᛂ⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ₎Ꮠ௬ྡ஺ࡌࡾᩥࢆㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀ≉࡟ᅔ㞴࡞㔜ᗘࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖඣཬࡧ≉࡟㔜ᗘࡢᙅどඣࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌᩍ⛉᭩ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ㡢ኌᩍ⛉᭩ࡣࠊᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡔࡅࢆᩥᏐࡸ⤮ᩥᏐࡢグྕ࡛⾲♧ࡋࡓᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲ࡢ෉Ꮚ࡜㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ⛉᭩ูㄞ᭩㏿ᗘࡣ 3 ᩍ⛉࡟ඹ㏻ࡋ࡚ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌᩍ⛉᭩ࡣ௚ࡢᩍ⛉᭩ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟㐜࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ
࣐࣭ࣥ࣍࢖ࢵࢺࢽ࣮ࡢ᳨ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝࠊㄞ᭩㏿ᗘࡣ
3 ᩍ⛉࡟ඹ㏻ࡋ࡚೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐᩍ⛉᭩ࡀ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ௚ࡢᩍ⛉᭩ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟㏿࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡓࠋ

࢖ࣖࡢ 2 ࡘ࡛ᵓᡂࡍࡿࠋྛᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀グྕ࡟ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࡀ㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊIC ࣉࣞ࢖࡛ࣖࢱࢵࢳࡍࡿ࡜ࡑࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀グྕ࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓ
㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ෌⏕ࡉࢀࡿࠋẁⴠグྕࢆࢱࢵࢳࡍࢀ
ࡤࡑࡢẁⴠ඲యࡀࠊᩥࡢグྕࢆࢱࢵࢳࡍࢀࡤࡑࡢ
ᩥࡢࡳࡀࠊᩘᘧࡸὀࡢグྕࢆࢱࢵࢳࡍࢀࡤࡑࡢᩘ
ᘧࡸὀࡢࡳࡀㄞࡳୖࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ᅗ୰ࡢᩥᏐࡸグྕ➼࡟ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡋ࡚࠾ࡅࡤࠊᅗࡢ⌮ゎࡶᐜ᫆࡜࡞ࡿࠋ㸲㸬⤖ㄽぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊᩥ❶࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ཬࡧᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌᩍ⛉᭩ࢆసᡂࡍࢀࡤࠊᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡍ࡭
࡚ࡢ㞀ᐖඣࡢᩍ⛉᭩ࡢ⬟ືⓗㄞ᭩ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋホ౯ᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ᫬㛫ࢆไ㝈ࡋ࡞࠸᮲௳ୗ࡛ࡣᅜ
ㄒࠊⱥㄒࠊᩘᏛࡢ 3 ᩍ⛉࡜ࡶㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜ᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢᣑ኱ᩥᏐᩍ⛉᭩ࠊᩥ❶࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ཬࡧᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌᩍ⛉᭩ࡢㄞ᭩⌮ゎᗘࡣ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐᩍ⛉᭩
࡜ྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡓࠋ☜࠿࡟ࠊ೺ᖖ
⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐᩍ⛉᭩ࡢㄞ᭩㏿ᗘࡣ᭷ព࡟
㏿࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊㄞ᭩᫬㛫ࢆ㐺ษ࡟㓄៖ࡍࢀࡤࠊ㞀ᐖඣࡶ೺ᖖඣ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ྠࡌᩍ⛉᭩࡛ᮘࢆ୪࡭࡚
Ꮫ⩦ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ೺ᖖඣࡀᩍ⛉᭩࡜ᖒ㠃࡛ຮᙉࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㞀ᐖඣࡶࡇࡢ 2 ✀㢮ࡢᩍ⛉᭩࡜ᖒ㠃ࡲࡓࡣᖒ㠃௦ࢃࡾࡢࣀ࣮ࢺ࣭ࣃࢯࢥ࡛ࣥຠ⋡ⓗ࡟Ꮫ⩦ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌᩍ⛉᭩ࡣపࢥࢫࢺ࡛స
ᡂྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୧ᩍ⛉᭩ࡣࠊᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡢゎᯒࠊ2ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࡢ๭ࡾ௜ࡅཬࡧ㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࡢసᡂࡀ
ඹ㏻໬࡛ࡁࡿࠋ㡢ኌ IC ࣉࣞ࢖ࣖࡶ 1 ᮏ 3 ༓෇⛬ᗘ࡜ప౯᱁࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ࡢฟ∧ࡣྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⌧ᅾࠊྛᩍ⛉᭩఍♫ࡣᙅどඣ⏝࡟ᣑ኱ᩥᏐᩍ⛉᭩ࡢฟ∧ཬࡧ DAISY ࡲࡓࡣࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢ㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ
ᥦ౪ࡶጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊぢ࠼࡞࠸ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ፹௓࡜ࡋ࡚ᣑ኱ᩥᏐᩍ⛉᭩࡜⫗ኌࡲࡓࡣྜᡂ㡢ኌࡢ㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⼥ྜࡍࢀࡤࠊ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔ
ࢲࣝᩍ᭩ࡢฟ∧ࡀᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓྠ᫬࡟ࠊᩥ᭩ᵓ
㐀⾲෉Ꮚࢆసᡂࡍࢀࡤᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌᩍ⛉᭩ࡶฟ∧ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
௒ᚋࠊ⛉┠࡟༶ࡋ࡚࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ࡢసᡂ᪉ἲࢆࡉࡽ࡟ᨵⰋࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝ
ᩍ⛉᭩ࡢᑟධࢆ⤒῭ⓗ࡟ಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊసᡂసᴗ
ࡢྜ⌮໬࡜⮬ື໬ࢆ◊✲ࡋࠊ࡛ࡁࡿ㝈ࡾࢥࢫࢺ๐
ῶࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࠋ㸱㸬ホ౯ᐇ㦂ᇶ♏Ꮫຊホ౯ࡢࡓࡵࡢ⥲ྜヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢࢸࢫࢺ࣭ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊᩍ⛉᭩ࡢᕪ␗ࡀㄞ᭩⌮ゎ
ᗘ࡜ㄞ᭩㏿ᗘ࡟ཬࡰࡍຠᯝࢆศᯒࡋࠊࡇࡢ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌᩍ⛉᭩ࡢホ౯ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᐇ㦂ィ⏬ࡣࢢࣞࢥ࣭ࣛࢸࣥ᪉᱁ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢせᅉࡣࠊㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣࠊ㧗ᰯ⏕ࡀ㞟ࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵᡂே 3 ྡࡎࡘࡢ 3 ⩌ィ
9 ྡࠊᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣᙅど㧗ᰯ⏕ 3 ྡࡎࡘࡢ 3 ⩌ィ 9 ྡࠊ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣ೺ᖖ㧗ᰯ⏕ 7 ྡࡎࡘࡢ 3⩌ィ 21 ྡ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍ⛉᭩ࡢせᅉࡣࠊ3 Ỉ‽ࠋㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜ᙅど⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣᣑ኱ᩥᏐᩍ⛉᭩ࠊ⫗ኌࡢᩥ❶࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ཬࡧᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌᩍ⛉᭩ࠋ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡣ㏻ᖖᩥ
Ꮠᩍ⛉᭩ཬࡧ⫗ኌ࡜ྜᡂ㡢ኌࡢᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌᩍ⛉᭩ࠋᩍ⛉ࡣࠊᅜㄒࠊⱥㄒࠊᩘᏛࡢ 3 ᩍ⛉࡛࠶ࡿࠋᡭ⥆ࡁࡣㄞ᭩᫬㛫ࢆไ㝈ࡋ࡞࠸సᴗไ㝈ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㡢ኌࡢ෌⏕ヰ㏿ᗘࡣ㏻ᖖࡢᮁㄞ㏿ᗘࡢ 1 ಸ㏿ࠊ1.5 ಸ㏿ࠊ2 ಸ㏿ࡢ 3 ẁ㝵࡟⿕㦂⪅ࡀ௵ព࡟ษࡾ᭰࠼ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᚓⅬࢆᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚ᩍ⛉᭩ࡢㄞ᭩⌮ゎᗘࢆẚ㍑
ࡋࡓࠋࢩࢵࣇ࢙ࡢከ㔜ẚ㍑ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊྛ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜ࡶᩍ⛉᭩ู⌮ゎᗘࡢศᕸ㛫࡟ 3 ᩍ⛉࡜ࡶ᭷ពᕪ
ࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢⱥㄒࡢᩥ᭩
ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌᩍ⛉᭩ࡔࡅࡀ᭷ព࡟ప࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
࣐࣭ࣥ࣍࢖ࢵࢺࢽ࣮ࡢ᳨ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢ㏻ᖖᩥᏐᩍ⛉᭩࡜㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢྛᩍ⛉᭩ࡢ⌮ゎᗘ㛫࡟ 3 ᩍ⛉࡜ࡶ᭷ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿
ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ೺ᖖ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜㞀ᐖ⿕㦂⪅⩌ࡢᏛຊࡣ࡯ࡰྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᩍ⛉᭩ࡢ⌮ゎᗘࡣ࡯ࡰྠ
ᵝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ḟ࡟ࠊᩥ᭩㔞㸦ᩥᏐᩘ㸧ࢆྛ⿕㦂⪅ࡢゎ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫࡛๭ࡾࠊ༢఩᫬㛫ᙜࡓࡾ࡟ฎ⌮ྍ⬟࡞ᩥ᭩㔞࡜ࡋ࡚ㄞ᭩㏿ᗘࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓࠋࢩࢵࣇ࢙ࡢከ㔜ẚ㍑ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊྛ⿕㦂⪅⩌࡜ࡶᩍ㻝㻤㻜➨ 3 ⠇ ⬟ືⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ࠕᩥᏐㄆ▱㞀ᐖඣࡢ⬟ືⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ࡢヨసࠖ⸨ⰾ᫂⏕, ኱⃝ᙲᏊ, ⸨ⰾ ⾨ (2012). ᪥ᮏᩍ⫱ᕤᏛ఍➨ 28 ᅇ඲ᅜ኱఍Ⓨ⾲ண✏㞟, 547-548.

㻝㻤㻝ᩥᏐㄆ▱㞀ᐖඣ䛾⬟ືⓗ䛺Ꮫ⩦䜢ྍ⬟䛻䛩䜛ᩥᏐ䛸㡢ኌ䛾䝬䝹䝏䝰䞊䝎䝹ᩍ⛉᭩䛾ヨస
Prototype of Multimodal Textbooks with Document and Speech enables to Study Actively forChildren with Print Disabilities⸨ⰾ᫂⏕࣭͊኱⃝ᙲᏊ࣭͋⸨ⰾ ⾨͋
Akio FUJIYOSHI࣭͊Akiko OSAWA࣭͋Mamoru FUJIYOSHI͋Ⲉᇛ኱Ꮫ࣭͊኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮͋
Ibaraki University࣭͊National Center for University Entrance Examinations͋㸺࠶ࡽࡲࡋ㸼ᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿඣ❺ࡢ⬟ືⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ୙ྍど 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆά⏝ࡋࠊᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ࢆヨసࡋࡓࠋᮏ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ࡣࠊᩍ⛉᭩⣬㠃ࡢୖ࡟୙ྍど 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࡀ㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢫ࢟ࣕࢼෆⶶࢹࢪࢱ࣮ࣝ࢜
ࢹ࢕࢜ࣉ࣮࣮࡛ࣞࣖ⣬㠃ࢆࢱࢵࢳࡍࡿ࡜ᙜヱᩥ❶ࡀ㡢ኌ࡛෌⏕ࡉࢀࡿࠋどぬ࡜⫈ぬࡢ 2 ࡘࡢࣔࢲࣜࢸ
࢕≉ᛶࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ᩍ⛉᭩ࢆ⬟ືⓗ࡟ṇ☜࡟ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋᏛ⩦㞀ᐖࡀ㢧ᅾ໬ࡍࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿᑠ
Ꮫᰯ୰Ꮫᖺࡢᅜㄒࡢᩍ⛉᭩ࢆ౑࠸ࠊ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ࢆヨసࡋࠊసᡂ᪉ἲࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ㸺࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸼 ≉ูᨭ᥼ᩍ⫱ࠊᏛ⩦㞀ᐖࠊ୙ྍど 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࠊ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ࡢసᡂࡣࠊ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡛◊✲୰ࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ◊✲࠿ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀࡓࠋ⌧ᅾࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡣ㡢ኌၥ㢟࡟ࡼࡿฟ㢟ࡣ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢᑟධ࡟࠶
ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡣ኱ၥᙧᘧ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㛗ᩥ࡛ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀ࡶ」㞧࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊၥ㢟ࢆ⬟ືⓗ࡟ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡞⊂⮬ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ2006 ᖺ࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ୙ྍど 2ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆά⏝ࡋࠊ2009 ᖺ࡟㔜ᗘࡢㄞᏐ㞀ᐖ
ࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅ࠊ୰㏵ኻ᫂⪅ཬࡧ≉࡟㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌၥ㢟ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ
2010 ᖺ࡟㏻ᖖᩥᏐࡲࡓࡣᣑ኱ᩥᏐࡢၥ㢟෉Ꮚࢆ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘどぬⓗ࡟ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡞ㄞᏐ㞀ᐖࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅ཬࡧ㔜ᗘࡢᙅど⪅⏝࡟ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝၥ㢟ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㡢ኌၥ㢟ࡢసᡂᢏ⾡ࢆᛂ⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ⬟ືⓗ࡞ㄞࡳࡀྍ⬟࡞ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩࡜ᩥ᭩ᵓ㐀⾲㡢ኌᩍ⛉᭩ࡢసᡂࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
௒ᅇࠊᩥᏐࡀぢ࠼࡚࠸࡚ࡶព࿡ࡢ⌮ゎࡀᅔ㞴࡞ᩥᏐㄆ▱㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿඣ❺ࡢࡓࡵࡢࠊᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ࡢヨసࡋࠊసᡂ᪉ἲࡢ᳨
ウࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ

ࢻ࣭࢜ࣥࣉࢵࢺ㸦ࢢࣜࢵࢻ࣐࣮ࢡ(ᰴ)㸧ཬࡧࢫࢡ࣮ࣜࣥࢥ࣮ࢻ㸦(ᰴ)࢔࣏ࣟࢪࣕࣃࣥ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡝
ࡕࡽࡶᩍ⛉᭩ࡢ₎Ꮠ௬ྡ஺ࡌࡾᩥࡢୖ࡟㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ୍㠃࡟༳ๅࡍࡿ࡜⫼ᬒⰍ࡜࡞ࡾᩥᏐࡸᅗࡢどㄆࢆጉࡆ࡞࠸≉ᚩࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᩥᏐ࡜㡢ኌࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ࡣࠊ୙ྍど2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࡀ㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡉࢀࡓᩍ⛉᭩࡜ 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢫ࢟ࣕࢼෆⶶࢹࢪࢱ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢹ࢕࢜ࣉ࣮ࣞ
࣮ࣖࡢ 2 ࡘ࡛ᵓᡂࡍࡿࠋ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩⣬㠃ࡣࠊᩥࡸㄒྃࠊㄒ➼࡟ᩥ❶ࢆศ๭ࡋࠊྛ㡿ᇦ࡟
2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ๭ࡾ௜ࡅࠊ୍㠃࡟㔜ࡡ࡚༳ๅࡋ࡚
సᡂࡍࡿࠋ㡢ኌࡣ⫗ኌ࡛సᡂࡋࠊࢹ࣮ࢱ໬ࡋࡓࡶ
ࡢࢆ SD ࣮࢝ࢻ࡟グ㘓ࡋࠊࢹࢪࢱ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢹ࢕࢜ࣉ
࣮࣮ࣞࣖ࡟ྲྀࡾ௜ࡅࡿࠋ
ࢹࢪࢱ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢹ࢕࢜ࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖࡢඛ➃࡟ࡣ㸰ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢫ࢟ࣕࢼࡀ௜࠸࡚࠶ࡾࠊᩍ⛉᭩ࡢ௵ពࡢᩥ❶ࡸㄒࢆࢱࢵࢳࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࢥ࣮ࢻࡀㄞࡳྲྀࡽࢀࠊ
ࡑࡢࢥ࣮ࢻ࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓ㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ෌⏕ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ㏻ᖖࡢᩍ⛉᭩࡜ྠᵝࠊᩥᏐㄆ▱࡟㞀ᐖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿඣ❺ࡶࠊࡥࡽࡥࡽ࡜࣮࣌ࢪࢆ⧞ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ
どぬ࡜⫈ぬࡢ 2 ࡘࡢࣔࢲࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ᩍ⛉᭩ࢆ⬟ືⓗ࡟ṇ☜࡟ㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ㸱㸬࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ࡢసᡂ
ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡢᏛ⩦㞀ᐖࡢᐃ⩏ࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ
ࠕࡑࡢ㞀ᐖ࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿᏛ⩦ୖࡢ≉␗࡞ᅔ㞴ࡣࠊ୺㸰㸬࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ࡢᴫせ㛤Ⓨ࡟᥇⏝ࡋࡓ୙ྍど 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࡣࠊࢢࣜࢵ

㻝㻤㻟࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮫ㱋ᮇ࡟㢧ᅾ໬ࡍࡿࠖ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ
࡛ࠊ௒ᅇࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ࡢヨస࡟࠶ࡓࡗ
࡚ࡣࠊ᪂ฟ₎Ꮠᩘࡀ᭱ࡶከࡃࠊㄞࡳ᭩ࡁࡍࡿᩥ᭩
㔞ࡀቑ࠼ࡿᑠᏛᰯ୰Ꮫᖺࡢᅜㄒࡢᩍ⛉᭩ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᑐ㇟ඣ❺ࡣࠊ㏻ᖖࡢᩍ⛉᭩ࡢᅗࡸ෗┿ࡢどㄆࡣྍ⬟࡞どຊࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࡜᝿ᐃࡋࡓࠋ
ගᮧᅗ᭩ฟ∧(ᰴ)࠿ࡽࠊᑠᏛᰯᅜㄒᩍ⛉᭩ࠕᅜ
ㄒ 3ࠖࡼࡾࠕ࠶ࡾࡢ⾜ิࠖࠕࢃࡓࡋࡓࡕࡢᏛᰯ⾜஦ࠖࡢ 2 ༢ඖࠊࠕᅜㄒ 4ࠖࡼࡾࠕ࢔ࢵࣉ࡜࣮ࣝࢬ
࡛ఏ࠼ࡿࠖࡢ 1 ༢ඖࡢᩍ⛉᭩ PDF ࡢ฼⏝チㅙࢆᚓࠊᩍ⛉᭩⣬㠃ࡢ PDF ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᥦ౪ࢆཷࡅࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊගᮧᩍ⫱ᅗ᭩(ᰴ)࠿ࡽࠊࠕᑠᏛᰯᅜㄒᣦᑟ
CDࠖࡼࡾࠕ࠶ࡾࡢ⾜ิࠖ࡜ࠕ࢔ࢵࣉ࡜࣮ࣝࢬ࡛
ఏ࠼ࡿࠖࡢᮁㄞ㡢ኌࡢⴭసᶒ౑⏝チㅙࢆᚓࠊᙜヱ༢ඖࡢᮏᩥࡢᮁㄞ㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᥦ౪ࢆཷࡅࡓࠋ
సᡂࡢᡭ㡰ࡣḟࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㡢ኌ෌⏕⏝ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢసᡂ
(2)ࡢ㡢ኌࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ࡜(3)ࡢࢥ࣮ࢻ⾲ࢆඖ࡟ࠊ෌
⏕⏝ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆసᡂࡍࡿࠋ
ࢥ࣮ࢻ␒ྕ࡜㡢ኌࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆ㛵㐃௜ࡅࡿࢹ࣮
ࢱࢆసᡂࡋࠊࡑࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜㡢ኌࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆᑓ⏝ࡢࢥࣥࣃ࢖ࣛ࡟ධຊࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ෌⏕⏝ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀసᡂ
ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ SD ࣮࢝ࢻ࡟グ㘓ࡋࠊ2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢫ࢟ࣕࢼෆⶶࢹࢪࢱ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢹ࢕࢜ࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖ
࡟ྲྀࡾ௜ࡅࢀࡤ㡢ኌ෌⏕⿦⨨ࡣ᏶ᡂ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸲㸬⤖ㄽ ᩍ⛉᭩⣬㠃ࡢศᯒ௒ᅇࠊᩥ❶ࡢศ๭ཬࡧ㡢ኌ෌⏕ࡢ᪉㔪ࡣࠊ1) ᮏᩥࡸゎㄝࡢ㡢ኌࡣ୍ᩥࡈ࡜࡟෌⏕ࡉࡏࡿࠋ2) ḍእࡢㄒྃࡣࠊ୍ࡘࡎࡘ༊ษࡗ࡚෌⏕ࡉࡏࡿࠋ3) ᩥᏐࡢ㒊ศࡣࡍ࡭࡚㡢ኌ࡛෌⏕ࡉࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡟
ࡋࠊᅗࡸ෗┿࡞࡝࡟ࡣ㡢ኌࢆࡘࡅ࡞࠸ࠋ
࡜ࡋࡓࠋ௨ୖࡢ᪉㔪࡛ᩍ⛉᭩⣬㠃 PDF ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᩥᏐ᝟
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❺ࡶࠊᩍ⛉᭩ࢆ⬟ືⓗ࡟ㄞࡳࠊᏛ⩦ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛
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ᮏᩍ⛉᭩ࡣࠊ㏻ᖖࡢᩍ⛉᭩⣬㠃࡜኱ࡁ࡞ᕪ␗ࡣ
࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ㞀ᐖඣࡶ೺ᖖඣ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟࡯ࡰྠࡌᩍ⛉᭩࡛ᮘࢆ୪࡭࡚Ꮫ⩦ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᩍ⛉᭩ྠᵝࡢ෉Ꮚ࡜࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊࣛࣥࢻࢭ
ࣝ࡟ධࢀ࡚ᣢࡕ㐠ࡧࡀࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢫ
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ࡍ࠸ࠋ2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢫ࢟ࣕࢼෆⶶࢹࢪࢱ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢹ
࢕࢜ࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖࡣ 1 ᮏ 3 ༓෇⛬ᗘ࡜Ᏻ౯࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ࡢฟ∧ࡣྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୙
ྍど 2 ḟඖࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ፹௓࡜ࡋ࡚ᩍ⛉᭩࡜㡢ኌࢹ
࣮ࢱࢆ⼥ྜࡍࢀࡤ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ࡢฟ∧ࡀᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࠋᣑ኱ᩥᏐᩍ⛉᭩ࢆ౑⏝ࡍࢀࡤࠊᙅどඣ⏝ࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ࡶฟ∧ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ௒ᖺᗘ୰࡟ࠊ㒔ෆࡢᑠᏛᰯࡢ༠ຊࢆᚓ࡚ࠊ㏻ᖖᏛ⣭୪ࡧ࡟㏻⣭Ꮫ⣭࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ
⛉᭩ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࡢᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠺ணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౑࠸຾ᡭࡢホ౯ࠊᤵᴗࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉ࡸᏛ⩦ຠᯝ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪➼ࡢホ౯ࢆࡩࡲ࠼ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ᨵⰋࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ
௒ᚋࠊᅜㄒ௨እࡢ⛉┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶసᡂࢆヨࡳࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ࣐ࣝࢳ࣮ࣔࢲࣝᩍ⛉᭩ࡢᑟධࢆ⤒῭ⓗ࡟ಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊసᡂసᴗࡢຠ⋡໬࡜⮬ື໬ࢆ◊✲ࡋࠊ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࡂࡾࢥࢫࢺ๐ῶࢆᅗࡿࠋ

➨ 4 ⠇ Tactile Graphics Production Software for Three-Dimensional Projections“Development of Tactile Graphics Production Software for Three-Dimensional Projections”
FUJIYOSHI Mamoru, FUJIYOSHI Akio, KANEKO Takeshi, AOMATSU Toshiaki (2010) K.
Miesenberger et al. (Eds.): ICCHP 2010, Part II, LNCS 6180, pp. 541–547.

㻝㻤㻡Development of Tactile Graphics Production Software forThree-Dimensional Projections
Mamoru Fujiyoshi1 , Takeshi Kaneko2 , Akio Fujiyoshi3 , and Toshiaki Aomatsu41

National Center for University Entrance Examinations, fujiyosi@rd.dnc.ac.jp
National Institute of Special Needs Education, kaneko@nise.go.jp
3
Ibaraki University, fujiyosi@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp
4
National School for the Blind of Tsukuba University, aomatsu@nsfb.tsukuba.ac.jp
21

Introduction

Tactile graphics production software for three-dimensional projections is developed for theblind. A blind person can use this software without assistance from the sighted and produce tactile graphics of three-dimensional projections. The software supports various typesof projections such as orthographic projection, oblique projection, and perspective projection.
Once required parameters are inputted to the software, tactile graphics of three-dimensional
projections will be printed by a braille plotter printer.
Although the concepts of topological space and Euclidean space are learnable throughtactile sense (haptic perception) and auditory sense, it is considered that it is almost impossible
for the congenitally blind and the early blind to acquire the concept of projections because ofa lack of experience in seeing light and shadow [2, 3, 4]. Usually, the concept of projections
becomes learnable when a person starts abstract thinking around age 11 or 12 years.
This study presents tactile graphics production software for three-dimensional projections
that is usable by a blind person. A blind person can obtain tactile graphics of various typesof projections from any preferable viewpoint. The software enables the blind to study theconcept of projections by themselves. Obviously, the tactile recognition of projections is muchharder than the visual recognition. We want to know the limitation of tactile recognition ofprojections and improve the guidelines of teaching projections.

2

Development of Bplot 3D

Tactile graphics production software for three-dimensional projections Bplot 3D is developed.

2.1

Outline of Bplot 3D

Since we want to make Bplot 3D to be usable by a blind person without assistance from thesighted, it is developed as a preprocessor of the universal design tactile graphics production
system Bplot2 [1].
A user gives Bplot 3D a series of commands to produces tactile graphics of a threedimensional projection by specifying a type of projection, a viewpoint, and a projection plane.
Commands are written in a text ﬁle using our newly designed control language for Bplot 3D.
Because a command ﬁle for Bplot 3D is a text ﬁle, it is editable with any text editors by any
person who has learned the control language. Therefore, Bplot 3D can be used by both thesighted and the blind.
The software supports various types of projections. In general, projections are classiﬁed into
two categories, namely, ‘parallel projection’ and ‘perspective projection’. Movrover, ‘parallel1
㻝㻤㻣projection’ are divided into ‘orthographic projection’ and ‘oblique projection’. In parallel
projection, the projection rays from the object to the projection plane are parallel to eachother. Orthographic projection is a type of parallel projection where the view direction isorthogonal to the projection plane. On the other hand, oblique projection is a type of parallel
projection where the view direction is not orthogonal to the projection plane. In perspective
projection, the projection rays are not parallel to each other but they are emerging from theviewpoint.

2.2

Commands for Bplot 3D

To distinguish three-dimensional commands from ordinal commands of Bplot2, every threedimensional command starts from ‘3’.
(1) Projection TypeA type of projections needs to be speciﬁed prior to the other commands. For orthographic projection, the command is ‘3orgothographic’. For oblique projection, the command is ‘3obliquedepth theta’. The parameters ‘depth’ and ‘theta’ specify the fraction of depth versus width,
and the angle from the horizontal direction to the depth direction. For perspective projection,
the command is ‘3polar’.
(2) Viewpoint
A viewpoint is speciﬁed with the command ‘3viewpoint x0 y0 z0’. Instead of the coordinates,
a viewpoint can be speciﬁed as a directional vector by the command ‘3direction theta phi’ forparallel projection.
(3) Wireframe
The wireframe of a ﬁgure is speciﬁed with the following commands. To deﬁne a line segment,
we use the command ‘3line x0 y0 z0 x1 y1 z1 DotPitch’. The command ‘3line’ has sevenparameters for the coordinates of start point ‘x0 y0 z0’, the coordinates of end point ‘x1 y1z1’, and the dot pitch. To deﬁne connected line segments, we use the command ‘3bline’. The
command ‘3bline’ speciﬁes the dot pitch, the coordinates of start point, middle points, andend point, as follows:3bline DotPitch
x1 y1 z1x2 y2 y2x3 y3 z3
...
...
...
xn yn zn
9999 0 0

On the last line, ‘9999 0 0’ means the end of command. We can also deﬁne a curve line withthe command ‘3spline’.

2.3

An Example of Produced Three-Dimensional Projections

The following is an example of a command ﬁle to produce a oblique projection in Figure 1.
The command ﬁle describe a cube that has the center as the origin and sides of the length 6.
2㻝㻤㻤1: ///
cube
2: ///
oblique projection of cube
3:
4: 3oblique 0.67 45
5: 3viewpoint 0 -10 0
6:
7: /// visible lines of cubic wire-frame
8: dot 1 // standard dot size9:
10: 3bline 2.2
11:-3.0 -3.0 3.0
12:
3.0 -3.0 3.013:
3.0 3.0 3.0
14:-3.0 3.0 3.0
15:-3.0 -3.0 3.0
Figure 1: Oblique projection of a cube.
16:
9999 0 0
17:
18: 3bline 2.2
19:-3.0 -3.0 3.0
20:-3.0 -3.0 -3.0
21:
3.0 -3.0 -3.0
22:
3.0 -3.0 3.023:9999 0 0
24:
25: 3bline 2.2
(1)
(2)
26:
3.0 -3.0 -3.027:
3.0 3.0 -3.028:
3.0 3.0 3.029:9999 0 030:
31: /// hidden lines of cubic wire-frame
32: dot 0 // small dot size
(3)
(4)
33:
34: 3bline 4.0
35:-3.0 -3.0 -3.0
36:
-3.0 3.0 -3.037:
3.0 3.0 -3.0
38:
9999 0 0(5)
39:
40: 3line -3.0 3.0 -3.0 -3.0 3.0 3.0 4.0
Figure 2: Tactile graphics of a cube by the ﬁve
41:
drawing methods.
42: ff // formfeed

On line 4 and 5, a type of projections and a viewpoint are speciﬁed. On line 8 and 32, thesize of braille dots is speciﬁed with the command ‘dot’. On lines from 10 to 29, the wireframeof a cube on the visible side is deﬁned. On lines from 34 to 40, the wireframe on the hidden
side is deﬁned. On line 42, the command ‘ﬀ’ means the end of page.

3

Experimental Evaluation

In order to evaluate the usefulness of Bplot 3D, an experiment was conducted to study which
type of projection is suitable for blind students to recognize shapes of three-dimensional objects.
3㻝㻤㻥As experimental materials, we prepared tactile graphics of projections of four kinds ofgeometric solids (cube, cuboid, cylinder, and tetrahedron) by the following drawing methods:(1) development view, (2) front view of orthographic projection, (3) oblique projection without
hidden lines, (4) oblique projection with hidden lines, and (5) perspective projection withhidden lines. An example of ﬁve tactile graphics of a cube is shown in Figure 2.
Subjects were eight totally blind students in a high school for the blind. Their age ranged
from 16 to 17 years old. They were classiﬁed into two subject groups: the early blind and thelate blind. In the early blind group, they suﬀered visual impairments before 5 years old. In
the late blind group, they suﬀered visual impairments from 6 to 11 years old.
The subjects were asked to succeedingly observe tactile graphics of one of the four geometricsolids by one of the ﬁve drawing methods. Simultaneously, they were required to rank the ﬁve
drawing methods. The task was repeated for the four geometric solids, respectively.
As a result of the experiment, we found that blind students prefer development view as thebest drawing method. Oblique projections with and without hidden lines are at the second andthird, and front view of orthographic projection and perspective projection are at the fourthand ﬁfth. From the result of analysis of variance and Scheﬀe’s comparison, the ranks of the
ﬁve drawing methods were signiﬁcant for all four geometric solids.
We also found that subjects in the late blind group recognized the concept of projection
better than subjects in the early blind group through discussion with them.

4

Conclusion

Tactile graphics production software for three-dimensional projections Bplot 3D was developed
for the blind. Bplot 3D was implemented as a preprocessor of the universal design tactile
graphics production system Bplot2 [1]. Both the blind and the sighted can produce tactile
graphics of projections easily.
As a result of the experiment, we noticed that it is not easy for the blind to recognize
projections. However, the study of projection is necessary in natural sciences for higher education [2, 3, 4, 5].
To know the limitation of tactile recognition of projections and to improve the guidelinesof teaching projections, we need further studies.

References[1] Fujiyoshi, M., Fujiyoshi, A, Ohtake, N., Yamaguchi, K., and Teshima, Y. The Development of a Universal Design Tactile Graphics Production System BPLOT2. Proceedingsof the 11th International Conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs
ICCHP 2008, LNCS 5105 (2008) 938-945.
[2] Heller, M.A., Brackett, D.D., Scroggs, E., Steﬀen, H., Heatherly, K., and Salik, S.: Tangible pictures: Viewpoint eﬀects and linear perspective in visually impaired people. Perception. 31, 747–769. (2002)[3] Kennedy, J. M., Gabias, P., and Nicholls, A.: Tctile Pictures. In: Heller, M.A., Schiﬀ, W.
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4
㻝㻥㻜

業績一覧
 藤芳

衛

◆論文・著書等
FUJIYOSHI

Mamoru,FUJIYOSHIAkio,

OOSAWA Akiko,

AOMATSU

Toshiaki,

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with Paper Booklets and Digital Audio Players for the Active Reading of Test-takers with
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藤芳 衛, 南谷和範, 大澤彰子, 小山田寛史, 薬師寺駿介, 新井佑弥, 清水厚介, 青松利明, 澤崎
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FUJIYOSHI Mamoru, FUJIYOSHI Akio, KANEKO Takeshi, AOMATSU Toshiaki (2010).
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for the Dyslexic and the Newly Blind with a Digital Audio Player and Document
Structure Diagrams. K. Miesenberger et al. (Eds.): ICCHP 2010, Part I, LNCS 6179,
116–123.
藤芳衛・南谷和範・藤芳明生・青松利明・澤崎陽彦 (2011). 読字障害者および重度の弱視者のための文字と音声のマルチモーダル問題の開発. 大学入試研究ジャーナル, 21, 181-190.
Fujiyoshi, M. , Fujiyoshi, A. and Aomatsu, T. (2010). A New Audio Testing Method with
Document Structure Tables for the Dyslexia and the Newly Blind. Proceedings of theWorkshop on E-Inclusion in Mathematics and Science 2009 (WEIMS'09), 59-65.
Fujiyoshi, M., Fujiyoshi, A., Kaneko T. and Aomatsu, T. (2010). Development of Tactile
Graphics Production Software for Three-Dimensional Projections. ICCHP 2010, LNCS
(accepted).
Fujiyoshi, M., Fujiyoshi, A. and Aomatsu T. (2010). New Testing Method for the Dyslexic
and the Newly Blind with a Digital Audio Player and Document Structure Diagrams,

ICCHP 2010, LNCS (accepted).
藤芳

衛 (2009). テストのユニバーサルデザイン. 電子情報通信学会誌 Vol.92, No.12,

1022-1026.
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文書構造表方式の音声問題の開発. 大学入試研究ジャーナル, 20, 131-138.

191

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知障害者のための 2 次元コード方式のリスニングテストシステムの開発, 全国大学入学者選抜研究連絡協議会第 7 回大会発表予稿集, 207-214.
藤芳 衛, 青松利明, 澤崎陽彦 (2012). ユニバーサルデザインの触読図作図システム Bplot3 の開発, 日本特殊教育学会第 50 回大会発表予稿集.
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257-266.
藤芳 衛, 南谷和範, 青松利明, 澤崎陽彦 (2011). 紙と鉛筆のテストの鉛筆をペン型の音声 IC
プレイヤに置き換えた、2 種類の音声問題の評価, 日本特殊教育学会第 49 回大会発表予稿集,136.
藤芳 衛, 南谷和範, 大澤彰子, 藤芳明生 (2011). 読字障害児と重度の弱視児の能動的な読書を可能にする文章と音声のマルチモーダル教科書の開発. 日本教育工学会第 27 回全国大会発表予稿集, 491-492.
藤芳 衛 (2011). 障害者の大学入学者選抜と受験特別措置について. 全国高等学校長協会特別支援学校部会会報, 75, 2-7．
藤芳衛・南谷和範・青松利明・原田清生 (2010). 弱視者及び読字障害者のための文字と音声のマルチモーダル問題の開発. 全国大学入学者選抜研究連絡協議会第 5 回大会発表予稿集,
203-210.
藤芳 衛・青松利明・澤崎陽彦 (2010). 文書構造表音声問題の開発. 日本特殊教育学会第 48 回
大会発表予稿集, 130.
藤芳 衛・南谷和範・澤崎陽彦・青松利明 (2010). 印刷物読書困難者のための文字と音声のマ
ルチモーダル問題. 日本教育工学会第 26 回全国大会発表予稿集, 397-398.
南谷和範・藤芳 衛・青松利明・原田清生 (2010). 通常文字および点字の使用に困難を抱える
中途重度視覚障害者の受験を可能とする音声出題システムの開発. 日本教育工学会第 26 回
全国大会発表予稿集, 399-400.
藤芳

衛 (2010) 障がい者の大学入学者選抜と受験特別措置. 独立行政法人大学入試センター

入学者選抜研究機構発足記念セミナー報告書, 26-44.

192

藤芳 衛・藤芳明生・青松利明 (2009). 文字認知に障害を有する学習障害者と中途失明者の受験を可能にする文書構造テンプレート用紙方式の音声問題の開発. 全国大学入学者選抜研究連絡協議会第 3 回大会発表予稿集, 153-160.
藤芳 衛・藤芳明生・澤崎陽彦 (2009). 学習障害者及び中途失明者用 2 次元コード方式の音声問題. 日本教育工学会第 25 回全国大会発表予稿集, 375-376.
藤芳 衛・青松利明・澤崎陽彦 (2009). 学習障害者及び中途失明者のセンター試験等の受験を可能にするテンプレート用紙方式の音声問題の開発. 日本特殊教育学会第 47 回大会発表予稿集, 105.
◆特許
藤芳

衛 (2010). 文 書 構 造 テ ン プ レ ー ト 用 紙 及 び 文 書 情 報 再 生 シ ス テ ム . 公 開 番 号

2010-117418, 特許番号 4799604.
藤芳

衛 (2012). リスニングテストに用いられる文書情報再生システム及び該文書情報再生システムに用いられる問題用紙. 出願番号, 2012-150841
藤芳

衛 (2013). 触読図作図システム. 出願番号, 2013-039845

193 南谷和範◆論文・著書等
南谷和範 (近刊)
与状況

視覚障害者への漢字説明と大学入試センター試験点字冊子問題への字注付

大学入試研究ジャーナル, 23.

渡部謙・渡辺哲也・山口俊光・秋山城治・南谷和範・宮城愛美・大内進・高岡裕・菅野・亜紀・
喜多伸一 (2012). 点図触地図自動作成システムの開発と地図の触読性の評価(福祉工学)
電子情報通信学会論文誌 D, 情報・システム J95-D(4), 948-959.
Kazunori Minatani (2012). Development of a DAISY Player that Utilizes a Braille Display
for Document Structure Presentation and Navigation. K. Miesenberger et al. (Eds.):
Proceedings of ICCHP 2012: LNCS, Vol. 7382, pp. 510-517.
Kazunori Minatani & Tetsuya Watanabe (2012). A Non-visual Interface for Tasks Requiring
Rapid Recognition and Response: An RC Helicopter Control System for Blind People. K.
Miesenberger et al. (Eds.): Proceedings of ICCHP 2012: LNCS, Vol. 7383, pp. 631-636.
南谷和範 , 藤芳衛 (2012). 音声出題システムにおいてコンピュータ合成音声が受験者の解答
時間および得点に与える影響

大学入試研究ジャーナル, 22, 209-214.

渡辺哲也 , 山口俊光 , 渡部謙 , 秋山城治 , 南谷和範 , 宮城愛美 , 大内進 (2011). 視覚
障害者用触地図自動作成システム TMACS の開発とその評価(福祉工学) 電子情報通信学会論文誌. D, 情報・システム J94-D(10), 1652-1663, 2011-10-01.
藤芳衛・南谷和範・藤芳明生・青松利明・澤崎陽彦(2011).読字障害者および重度の弱視者のための文字と音声のマルチモーダル問題の開発,大学入試研究ジャーナル,21
南谷和範(2010).視覚障害者の大学進学と大学入試センターの取り組み, 福祉介護機器 techno
プラス, 3(12), 日本工業出版, 15-19.
Kazunori Minatani・Tetsuya Watanabe・Toshimitsu Yamaguchi・Ken Watanabe・Joji
Akiyama・Manabi Miyagi・and Susumu Oouchi (2010). Tactile Map Automated Creation
System to Enhance the Mobility of Blind Persons - Its Design Concept and Evaluation
through Experiment, ICCHP 2010 Part II, Lecture Notes in Computer Science,6180,
534-540.
◆講演・口頭発表等
南谷和範 (2012). 文書構造提示・ナビゲーションに点字ディスプレイを用いる DAISY プレー
ヤーの開発

音声研究会(SP)福祉情報工学研究会(WIT)共催研究会、2012 年 9 月 28 日、芝浦工業大学 豊洲キャンパス
南谷和範 (2012). 視覚障害者が利用可能なラジコンヘリコプター操縦システムの開発 : 即応性を必要とするユーザインターフェイス研究の一環として

福祉情報工学研究会，新潟大駅

南キャンパス、 2012 年 5 月 25 日
南谷和範 (2011). 重度視覚障害者の漢字使用技能の効率的習得を実現するための基礎的 考察

194日本特殊教育学会、第 49 回大会、2011 年 9 月 23 日、弘前大学
南谷和範 , 工藤智行 (2011). 試験問題を含む高度な文書の構造提示を点字ディスプレイで実現するリーダーソフトウェアの開発 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. WIT, 福祉情報工学
111(174), 11-15, 2011-07-28 福祉情報工学研究会、2011 年 8 月 4 日、京大杉浦ホール
渡部謙 , 山口俊光 , 渡辺哲也 , 秋山城治 , 南谷和範 , 宮城愛美 , 大内進 (2011). 触地図における記号の探索性・識別性の評価 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告.

WIT, 福祉情報工学

111(58), 101-105, 2011-05-13 福祉情報工学研究会、2011 年 5 月 20 日、新潟大学
秋山城治 , 渡辺哲也 , 渡部謙 , 山口俊光 , 南谷和範 , 宮城愛美 , 大内進 (2011). 視覚障害者向け経路案内文自動作成システムの開発(視覚障害,視覚障害者支援,福祉情報工学一般) 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. WIT, 福祉情報工学 111(58), 97-100, 2011-05-13 福祉情報
工学研究会、2011 年 5 月 20 日、新潟大学
嶺重慎・高橋淳・長岡英司・辰巳公子・臼田佐藤功美子・篠原秀雄・広瀬浩二郎・南谷和範・
八木陽平・成松一郎・坂井治・高橋貴子・高山久美子・藤原晴美ほかプロジェクトチーム, バ
リアフリー天文絵本プロジェクト, 日本天文学会 2011 年春季年会.
南谷和範・工藤智行 (2011). コンピュータによる試験問題の音声出題を実現するリーダーの開発, 研究集会「科学情報の電子化、自動処理、アクセシビリティをめぐる諸問題」.
渡辺哲也・秋山城治・渡部謙・山口俊光・南谷和範・宮城愛美・大内進 (2011). 触地図を使った視覚障害者歩行実験のプロトコル分析, 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告, WIT2010-60.
南谷和範・藤芳衛・青松利明・原田清生 (2010). 通常文字および点字の使用に困難を抱える中
途重度視覚障害者の受験を可能とする音声出題システムの開発, 日本教育工学会第 26 回全国大会.
澤崎陽彦・南谷和範・藤芳衛・青松利明 (2010). 印刷物読書困難者のための文字と音声のマル
チモーダル問題, 日本教育工学会第 26 回全国大会.
渡部謙・渡辺哲也・秋山城治・山口俊光・南谷和範・宮城愛美・大内進 (2010). 視覚障害者のための触地図作成システムの開発, 第 19 回視覚障害リハビリテーション研究発表大会抄録
集,59.
山口俊光・渡辺哲也・渡部謙・秋山城治・南谷和範・宮城愛美・大内進 (2010). 視覚障害者のための触地図作成システムの開発 - 経路情報を利用した触地図簡略化, 第 19 回視覚障害リ
ハビリテーション研究発表大会抄録集,94.
藤芳衛・南谷和範・青松利明・原田清生 (2010). 重度弱視者及び読字障害者のための文字と音声のマルチモーダル問題の開発, 平成２２年度全国大学入学者選抜研究連絡協議会大会.
渡部謙・渡辺哲也・秋山城治・山口俊光・南谷和範・宮城愛美・大内進 (2010). 触地図自動作成システムにおける点図触地図出力機能の実装, 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告,
WIT2010-6.
秋山城治・渡辺哲也・渡部謙・山口俊光・南谷和範・宮城愛美・大内進 (2010). 携帯電話のGPS 機能を使った周囲情報案内メールサービスの開発, 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告,
WIT2010-7.

195独立行政法人大学入試センター

入学者選抜研究機構視覚障害プロジェクト報告書「テストのユニバーサルデザイン」

発行

平成 25 年 3 月 31 日

編集・発行

独立行政法人大学入試センター入学者選抜研究機構〒153-8501

東京都目黒区駒場 2-19-23

電話：03-3468-3311（代）196