添付資料

10/03/2016

GENERAL OVERVIEWON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
IN VIETNAM

MA. Dang Anh Thu
Bureau of Technical Infrastructure - MOC

Hanoi 24/2/2016

Contents
1. General Background
2. General overview on solid waste management

2.1. Planning on solid waste management
2.2. Solid waste generation and collection
2.3. Recycling, Final disposal
2.4. Solid waste treatment cost
3. General assessments on current situation of solid
waste management
4. Policies/solutions1

10/03/2016

General Background Urbanization leading to rapid growth of the urban
population. In 2015, the urban population wasapproximately 91,9 million people, in which urban
population was 32,8 millions and it was 59,1 millions inrural areas.
 Vietnam is one of the most dynamic countries in theregion with rather high economic growth and expected tocontinue to increase rapidly in the near future.
 Solid waste increasing both in quantity, type, and toxicity.
Some types of waste are emerging, such as e-waste;
construction waste; food waste; waste at sea ...
 The solid waste management faces many challenges. It is
forecasted to be 39.9 million tons / year in 2020.

Urban population growth2

10/03/2016

Population and GDP in big cities
in Vietnam

Item

Unit

Popul
ation
GDP

Nationwi
de

Hanoi

HCM

1,000
people90,729

7,266

8,075

%

100%

8%

Billion%

Da Nang

Can
Tho

1,946

1,008

1,242

9%

2%

1%

1%

3,937,900 514,449

852,524

102,40358,62091,669

100%

22%

3%

1%

2%

13%

Hai
Phong

Source: Hanoi Statistics Office, Hanoi Statistical Yearbook 2014”.

General Overview onsolid waste management
Solid waste management
planning
 55/63 provinces/cities complete
the solid waste management
planning
 Solidwaste
management
planning of 3 river basins wasapproved by the Prime Minister Rural solid waste management
planning: most communes havecompleted the new ruralplanning in which the position,
scale of landfill and treatment
facilities were determined.

3

10/03/2016

General Overview onsolid waste management
Current status of solid waste generation and collection
 Total amount of solid waste generated over the country in2015 was 13.870 thousand tons.
 55% of total collected amount is treated at intermediate
treatment facilities, 45% remaining is directly landfilled.

 Landfill volume calculated as the total volume ofmunicipal waste landfilled directly and residues fromintermediate treatment facilities, equivalent to 63% of thetotal volume of collected municipal solid waste (MSW).
 37% of total volume of collected MSW is minimized byrecycling or processed at concentrated treatment facilities.

General Overview onsolid waste management
Current status of solid waste generation and collection4

10/03/2016

General Overview onsolid waste management
 MSW collection

General Overview onsolid waste management
 MSW treatment/recycling5

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General Overview onsolid waste management
 MSW landfillingNumberoflandfills with area of 20
ha and over making up
5.7% of total.
- Landfills with area
bigger than 01 ha andsmallerthan
20hamaking up 59.4%.
- Landfills with area
smallerthan
01hamaking up 35%.

Source: Capacity building project JICA -JET (2015),

Overall assessment of solid management situation
 Investment cost for solid waste management- Investment cost for composting facilities is 851 million VND/ton,
932 million VND/ton for incineration method, and 796 million
VND/ ton for waste management complexes.
- Investment cost for landfill is 250 million VND/ton
Source: JICA -JET (2015),

6

10/03/2016

Overall assessment of solid management situation
 Cost for waste treatment- Average cost for composting
businesses
is304,000
VND/tonAveragecostforincineration businesses is295,000 VND/ton- Average cost for waste
management complexes is299,000 VND/ton- Average cost for landfill ofhousehold waste is 123,000
VND/tonSource: JICA -JET (2015),

Overall assessment of solid management
situation
Results:
 Most of the local authorities have made a Solid waste
management Master plan to use as a base for attracting
investors …..
 Collection and treatment ratio has increased and thetreatment of solid waste is gradually improving
 Some local technologies are applied quite effectively
 The first steps in preventing, minimizing of waste
generation are starting to be implemented
 The private sector is actively participating and sharing
more with the public service sector under the PPP method7

10/03/2016

Overall assessment of solid management
situation
Difficulties in solid waste management : Not enough budget for waste management and not enoughmanagement personals
 Deployment of master plan is slow, difficulties in finding
investors, while the landfills are already overloaded
 In areas where there are composting sites, there are manybusiness that cannot sell their compost.
 Lack of technical information, so local authorities don’t haveany choice, but to believe in the investor’s knowledge while
investing in constructions.
 The current treatment fee is providing to be to difficult forbusinesses to cover their investment, construction costs as welland operation and management……

Some policies / solutions
1.
2.

3.

4.
5.
6.

Complete the legal system and explaining documents about solid
waste management
Improve “Total solid waste management” abilities, including the lifeof waste (prevent, minimize, collection, transportation, reuse andrecycle, treatment and final disposal) with the relation to economy,society, resources and environment.
Develop solid waste management technologies, especially recycling
technologies- Promote recycling: (i) compost; (ii) biogas; (iii) recovery ofmaterials…
- Hygiene incineration: (i) recovery of energy; (ii) hygiene landfill
Minimize waste generation: (i) receive treatment fee according to
generated amount of waste; (ii) aim for cleanerproductions.
Prolong landfill lifetime
Improve collection, transportation and treatment of solid waste;develop treatment areas through PPP partnerships

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Thank you very much!

danganhthu.bxd@gmail.com

9

3/10/2016

SEMINAR ON : “ EFFICENT WASTE MANAGEMNET AND
RECYCLING BY INTEGRATION OF VARIOUS FUNCTIONS –INTRODUCTION OF RECYCLING INDUSTRIAL PARK (RIP)
IDEA”

National targets for materials
recycling from solid waste
Source: Decision No 2149/2009 / QD-TTg dated 17/12/2009 of the Prime Minister for approval
The national strategy on integrated management of solid waste to 2025, vision 2050

Time

WASTE RECYCLING ACTIVITY IN VIETNAM
CURRENT AND DEVELOPMENT DEMAND

Content

2015

2020

2025

Municipal solid waste is collected / recycled

85/60

90/85

100/90Industrial waste is collected / recycled

50/30

80/50

90/60

Slugde of septic tank in from urban grade 2/ other urban centers

30/10

50/30

100/50

The amount of plastic bags used in supermarkets, trade centers (*:decreased compared to 2010)

40 *

65 *

85 *

50

80

100

80/70

90/75

100/100

60

70

100

85/70

100/100

100/100

Urban has recycling works which separate solid waste at household
Amount of non-hazardous industrial solid waste is collected / recycled

Professor, Dr. Nguyen Thi Kim Thai
Deputy Director of Institute for Urban
Environment and Industry of Vietnam

Amount of arising industrial solid wastes are collected
Amount of non-hazardous medical solid wastes is collected / hazardous
medical solid wastes is collected(unit: %)1

3/10/2016

Potential recycling of materials frommunicipal solid waste in Viet Nam
Typical composition ofmunicipal solid waste:

RECYCLING ACTIVITY CURRENTSITUATION OF SOLID WASTE

Organic waste : 49 % - 53 %Recycling material:
Glass : 0.3 % - 2.0%
Metal : 1.0 % - 5.0%
Paper : 4.7 % - 9.5%
Plastic : 2.5 % - 6.5%

42

3/10/2016

Unofficial recycling
activities
Small scale

Composition of solid waste in VietNam( Sources: N.T. Kim Thái- ĐHXD)THÀNH PHẦN CHẤT THẢI RẮN(% weight)
No Composition

Hanoi sDa NangHạ long2

Cao Lanh3

1

Organic waste

53,80

66,0

50,2

68,85

2

Plastic

3,42

4,0

10,6

3,8

3

Paper, caton

4,2

3,1

5,3

6,30

4

Metal

1,4

4,9

3,9

3,46

5

Glass

1.0

0,9

2,5

1,04

6

Inert

28,18

16,4

24,4

14,93

7

Rubber

4,9

1,6

0,6

-

8

Cloth

1,7

2,3

2,4

1,62

9

Hazardous
Total

Recycle material ( GTTB)S - Special municipal
Note:
2- municipal tye 2 ;

1,4

0,8

0,1

-

100

100

100

100

16,62

16,80

25,1

16,22

1

Municipal type 1

3 Municipal type 3

Plastic recycling in
Trieu Khuc - Hanoi

33/10/2016- Most types of lead acid batteries after
use which are purchased and processedby private facility.

Lead Recycling
Dong mai, Van Lam
Hung Yen- The recycling facilities applied fusing
technology to recover lead from thewaste batteries.
- Recycling activities are mainly carriedout on a small scale / size of households
in the recycling villages;- The recycled materials then become theingredients product for manufacturing
batteries or other products.
- The waste from the recycling process is
usually acidic liquid waste is illegal
discharge into drainages.
Aluminum recycling in Van Mon – Yen
Phong

Scrap recycling in Chau Khe – Bac
Ninh

7

8

4

3/10/2016

Recycling activities- ScaleCURRENT SITUATION OF INDUSTRIAL
WASTE RECYCLE ACTIVITIES
R&D : Recycling PO& RO?

Transform to compost

Recycling RPF

Recycled glass into brick5

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Potential recycling of materials from solid wasteof typicalindustry
inContrucstion
Viet Nam(Environmental
economics
institute- theuniversity)

Recycling technologies of hazardous industrial waste typically
Source: Ministry of natural resources and the environment , 2013

Industries
Circuit board
Car parts Elictricassembly/ camera manufacturi wiveng
production

Composition

Municipal solid waste

Steel
Car
Manuf manufactur
acturiing
ng

Ceramic

TT

13,50

11,5

8,8

10,5

12,1

22,5

28,6

23,7

21,2

13,4

22,5

11,0

Waste oil

5,2

6,9

5,7

7,6

8,2

2,6

Waste plastic

5,8

8,5

12,8

3,8

8,7

2,2

Waste metal

2,5

7,5

15,2

25,5

7,6

1,0

sludge containing heavy

22,6

23,5

20,4

18,2

24,6

12,5

5,0

7,0

3,5

2,6

5,4

7,4

corrodent

1,4

2,0

1,8

1,3

2,4

3,4

Inert ( ash…)

15,4

9,4

10,6

17,1

8,5

37,4

Trên 42,1

46,6

54,9

50,3

47,0

16,8

wrapping paper

metals ( Pb, Cu, Hg..)
Chemical waste (paint sludge,
vecni, color chemical…)

Recyle materials

Technology

Amount ofapplicablefacilities

Amountof
modul

Capacity

1Treatment, recycling of waste
oil

13

14

3-20 tons/day

2
3

Treatment of wate lamp
Treatment of elictronic waste

8
4

8
4

0,2 tons/day
0,3 – 5 tons/day

4

Recycling lead batteries

6

60,5 – 200 tons/day

5

Treatment and recover Zinc

1

35.500 kg/h

Unit: The average rate in% of the total amount of
waste

6

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Solvent recycling
Solvent
recycling

Waste oil recycling
Recover and recycling ofelectronic waste

Recycle plastic to Bio oil
Expriment project (R-D) in Da Nang

Recycle sludge from industrial
wastewater treatment plant7

3/10/2016

RECOVERY, RECYCLING OF SOLID
MEDICAL WASTE

Activity of recovery and recycling of solid medical
waste is currently implementing is not inaccordance with regulations on management of
medical solid waste was issued;
 In 2010, discovery many medical waste put out for
sale, recycling of everyday objects;
 The re-use of rubber gloves, plastic materials havebeen created more risks for those directly involved
as collection agents, who collect and recycle thescrap

Decision No. 43/2007 / QD-BYT of the Ministry of
Health issued the Regulation on
management of medical wastes
Appendix 4:
Waste list are allowed to collect for recycling
The meterials that are unstick normal waste, contain the hazadouscomponents...(infectious, hazardous chemicals, radioactive substances, cytotoxic
drugs) are allowed to collect for recycling, includinga)Plastic:•Plastic bottles containing liquid doesn't contain hazardous such as 0.9% NaClsolution, glucose, sodium bicarbonate, ringer lactate, polymeric solution, kidney
dialysis and plastic bottles contain unharmful liquid.
•Other plastic materials unstick hazardous ingredients;b) Glass::- Glass bottle containing liquid doesn't contain hazardous components.
- Glass bottle containing injections doesn't contain hazardous components-c) Paper: paper, newspaper, cardboard, cardboard boxes, cans and other material
medicine paper.
d) Metal: The metal materials unstick hazardous components.

8

3/10/2016

Risks from waste recycling activities

Risks from waste recycling activities
1. 1.Almost of the recycling process is done on a small
scale and use outdated technology, thus causing
environmental problems include:

2. The impact on the health and safety occupational

for employees activities are focused on:@ Water pollution, soil due to indiscriminate dumpingof waste from scrap cleaning- Daily laborers directly exposure to noise, dust,
toxic gases from the rudimentary production
equipment, causing risks for respiratory diseases
and incapacitation due to heat.

@ Wastewater from the washing process large amountsof raw materials containing heavy metals, toxins andpoured directly into water sources without treatment;@ The toxic gases are released into the atmospheredirectly as HCl. Pb heavy metal dust. Hg. Zn. Cr.)- Daily workers exposed of waste hazardous
components in plastic.
- The risk of fires involving flammable materials
such as fuel, oil, waste plastics.;- Working conditions in most of the existing
recycling facilities are really a threat to workers.

@ The type of solid waste including chemical bags, rings
chemicals, heavy metals indiscriminate of empty landnext to heavy polluting water heavy.
@ Environmental pollution has a certain impact on thehealth of workers and residents in the recycling and thesurrounding area.

18

17

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Necessity of improving recycle waste
operation.
 Review, evaluate, modify, supplement and perfect the system of legal documents andpolicies and mechanisms to promote the prevention, reduction, reuse, recycling of solid
waste:
 Review, evaluate, modify, supplement and perfect the system of legal documents and policies andmechanisms to promote the prevention, reduction, reuse, recycling of solid waste: Promulgation of regulations and policies to encourage the purchase of recycled products Development of recycling industry on the basis of research, pilot application and replicate
the recycling technology; recovery and treatment of waste products;
 Development the waste recycling centers with concentrated scale; Development of market for exchange on recycling and wasteA number of important documents were issued in relation toactivites for recovery and recycling of waste
 Environmental Protection Law of Vietnam National Assembly of the Socialist
Republic of Vietnam approved May 6, 2014, effective from 01.01.2015;
 Decree No. 38/2015 / ND-CP on the management of waste and scrap, dated
24.04.2015, effective from 15.06.2015
 Circular No. 36/2015 / TT-BTNMT on June 30, 2015 by the Minister of Natural
Resources and Environment on Hazardous Waste Management effective from
01.09.2015
 Decision No. 16/2015 / QD-TTg dated 05/22/2015 stupulated for the recovery andprocessing of waste

Speeding up international cooperation, increase exchanges and technical cooperation with theinternational organizations, non-governmental organizations: Increase the exchange of experience in the field of recycling and reuse of solid waste.
 Attracting foreign investment in infrastructure construction to minimize, recycle and reuse of solid
waste.
 To receive technical assistance, technology transfer and training activities reducing, recycling andreusing of solid waste.

10THE PRIME MINISTER

Decision No. 16/2015/QD-TTg dated May 22, 2015 of thePrime Minister on regulations on recall and treatment of
discarded products
Pursuant to the Law on Government Organization dated December 25, 2001;
Pursuant to the Law on Environmental Protection dated June 23, 2014;
Pursuant to the Government’s Decree No. 38/2015/ND-CP dated April 24,2015 on waste and scrap management;
After considering the request of the Minister of Natural Resources andEnvironment,
The Prime Minister hereby grants the Decision on providing regulations on
recall and treatment of discarded products.
Chapter I
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 1. Scope of application and subject of application
1. Scope of application:
This Decision provides regulations on recall and treatment of discarded
products throughout the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
2. Subject of application
This Decision shall apply to manufacturers, consumers and other organizations
or individuals involving recall and treatment of discarded products in Vietnam.
Discarded products discharged from production, trading and service
establishments that do not belong to the applicable entities defined in thisDecision shall be governed by regulations laid down in the Government’s
Decree No. 38/2015/ND-CP dated April 24, 2015 on providing regulations on
waste and scrap management.
Article 2. Interpretation of terms
Terms used herein shall be construed as follows:
1. Discarded product refers to wastes derived from products of which the usefullife has expired or products discarded after being used in the list annexed to thisDecision.

2. Recall of discarded products refers to the act of receiving and collecting
discarded products for management and treatment in accordance with legal
regulations.
3. Manufacturer refers to the generic name of production, trading and service
establishments, including:a) Production establishments that belong to the list annexed to this Decision andare located within Vietnam;b) Any establishment fulfilling the role as an official importer or official
distributor (also known as level-one distributor) of products made in foreigncountries or manufactured by exporting and processing enterprises or those
operating in free tariff zone in the list annexed hereto.
4. Distributor refers to wholesaling and retailing establishments or sales agent
defined in the list annexed hereto (except for official importers or official
distributors).
5. Point of recall refers to the station where discarded products are collected andwhich is established directly by manufacturers, or by manufacturers inassociation with distributors.
6. Consumer refers to the end user of products before these products are
discarded, including: Household families; individuals; offices of Stateadministrative agencies; educational institutions.
7. Collecting organization or individual refers to any organization or individual
carrying out operations of direct collection of discarded products fromconsumers and transportation of these products to the point of recall.
Article 3. List of discarded products and schedule of recall or treatment
1. The list of discarded products and schedule of recall and treatment shall bedefined in the Appendix attached hereto.
2. The list of discarded products and schedule of recall and treatment are
submitted to the Prime Minister by the Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment for any amendment or supplementation to be considered to ensure
conformity with conditions in Vietnam for specific periods.
Article 4. Method for recall and treatment of discarded products
1. Discarded products shall be recalled in the following manners:a) Direct manufacturers carry out or enter into cooperation with one another tocarry out the recall through the point of recall or a system of points of recall;b) Manufacturers work with or authorize waste transportation or treatment
organizations with appropriate competence to carry out the recall;c) Waste transportation and treatment organizations with appropriatecompetence directly carry out the recall in accordance with regulations on waste
management without any of the manufacturer’s collaboration or authorization.
2. The point of recall shall recall discarded products by types in a consistentmanner without possible reliance on trademarks or manufacturers.
3. Transfer, collection, storage and transportation of hazardous products
discharged from consumers to points of recall shall not require the permit for
hazardous waste management but must conform to the technical regulations onenvironment which govern collection, storage and transportation of discarded
products.
4. Discarded products after being discarded must be managed and treated inaccordance with legal regulations on waste management.
Chapter II
RESPONSIBILITY AND RIGHT CONCERNING RECALL AND
TREATMENT OF DISCARDED PRODUCTS
Article 5. Responsibility of manufacturers
1. Manage collection of discarded products sold out to Vietnam's market.
2. Establish points or system of points of recall by taking the following forms:a) Establish at their own expense or collaborate with other manufacturers inestablishing this kind of point of recall;b) Establish this kind of point of recall in the separate area or collaborate with
distributors in establishing points of recall at the facility of distributors.
3. Points of recall must conform to technical regulations on environment whichgovern collection, storage and transportation of discarded products.
4. Take responsibility to accept their own discarded products; encourage receipt
of discarded products of the same type as theirs sold out to the market,
regardless of trademarks or manufacturers.
5. Receive their discarded products in the market recalled by othermanufacturers for the purpose of treatment as requested.
6. Establish and implement appropriate, preferential and communicative
policies for consumers or collecting organization or individual so that theytransfer discarded products to receiving stations.

7. Manage the transportation of discarded products from points of recall tointermediate stations (if available) and treatment establishment in accordancewith regulations on waste management.
8. Manage treatment of discarded products which have been recalled inaccordance with regulations on waste management in the following forms:a) Direct treatment;b) Transfer of discarded products to domestic waste treatment with appropriatecompetence;c) Outward export of discarded products for treatment;d) Recycling;dd) Other forms in accordance with regulations.
9. When hazardous discarded products are transferred to organizationcompetent to carry out the treatment from points of recall directly establishedby themselves, they are required to provide and use hazardous waste documentsin the name of the representative of the owner of hazardous discharge inaccordance with regulations.
10. Submit the annual report to Vietnam Environment Administration on thefollowing information:a) Amount of manufactured or imported products which have been sold in
Vietnam's market;b) List of points of recall and discarded product treatment stations;c) Result of recalling and treating discarded products;d) Circumstances under which discarded products are refused and reasons forthis refusal.
11. Report to the Department of Natural Resources and Environment on pointsof recall outside of distribution facilities and the precincts of manufacturing
establishments.
12. Publicly communicate information about the list of points of discarded
product recall and treatment; result of discarded product recall and treatment
through the website of Vietnam Environment Administration and their own
website (if available).
13. The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment shall provide
regulations on warning signs and symbols as well as procedures for
management of points of recall.

Article 6. Right of manufacturers
1. If they decide to recall and treat discarded products at their own expense,
they will be given supportive and preferential policies in accordance with legal
regulations.
2. Have access to partnership with other manufacturer in order to recall andtreat discarded products with different trademarks but same types.
3. Appoint manufacturers’ association of which they are member to act on theirbehalf to recall and treat their discarded products.
4. Recall of discarded products with different trademarks but same types shallmake up the recall efficiency of such manufacturer.
5. Request other manufacturers to take their discarded products in the market
back for treatment after being recalled by the requesting manufacturer.
6. Sign a contract with waste transportation and treatment organizations withappropriate competence in accordance with regulations.
7. Recall discarded products which are not directly manufactured by themselves
but are considered as constituents of products made by themselves and sold in
the market.
8. Establish intermediate stations used for transporting discarded products frompoints of recall to storage facilities before taking them to treatment facilities.
9. Refuse to receive discarded products under the following circumstances:a) Discarded products are delivered by waste transportation and treatment
organization without any authorization or cooperation;b) Discarded products with same types but different trademarks are made byother manufacturers.
Article 7. Responsibility of consumers, distribution facilities, wastetransportation and treatment organizations, and collecting organizations
or individuals
1. Consumers shall assume responsibility to transfer discarded products in thefollowing forms:a) Carrying discarded products to points of recall at their own expense;b) Transferring discarded products to collecting organizations or individuals totransport them to points of discarded product recall;c) Handing discarded products over to waste transportation and treatment
organizations with appropriate competence;d) Bringing discarded products back to organizations or individuals specializing
in repair, maintenance and replacement of products. Receiving organizations or
individuals are required to assume their responsibilities as the owner ofdischarge in accordance with regulations.
2. Distribution facilities shall assume the following responsibilities:a) Coordinating with manufacturers in establishing points of recall andreceiving discarded products at their own facilities as requested bymanufacturers;b) Storing discarded products at points of recall in accordance with regulations;
As for transfer of hazardous discarded products, they are required to provide
and use hazardous waste documents in the name of the representative of theowner of hazardous discharge in accordance with regulations;d) Providing information used for manufacturers’ reporting to the Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment by completing the given form.
3. Waste transportation and treatment shall take the following responsibilities:a) Comply with regulations on waste management while recalling and treating
discarded products as agreed upon with manufacturers;b) Do not carry hazardous discarded products to points of recall after collecting
them from production, trading and service facilities without any authorizationor cooperation confirmed by manufacturers;c) Upon receiving discarded products from points of recall, they must transfer
them to appropriate waste treatment facilities in accordance with regulations on
waste transportation.
4. Collecting organizations or individuals must, after receiving discarded
products from consumers, transfer them to points of recall in accordance withregulations.
Article 8. Right of consumers, collecting organizations or individuals anddistribution facilities
1. Consumers, collecting organizations or individuals, when carrying discarded
products to points of recall, shall have the following rights:a) Enjoy benefits specified in the manufacturer’s policy;b) Have the right to request manufacturers to accept discarded products
launched in the market by such manufacturers;

c) Report to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment or the local
Department of Natural Resources and Environment on any refusal of
manufacturers to receive discarded products.
2. Distribution facilities that belong to the entities stipulated at Point 3,
Appendix IV of the Government's Decree No. 18/2015/ND-CP on providing
regulations on environmental protection planning, strategic environment
assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection
plan, are not required to establish the environmental protection plan whenparticipating in collection of distributed products.
3. Transportation of hazardous discarded products from consumers to points ofrecall does not require the permit for hazardous waste transportation but is notallowed to exceed load limits defined in the technical regulations onenvironment in terms of collection, storage and transportation of discarded
products.
Chapter III
RESPONSIBILITY OF REGULATORY AGENCIES FOR
COLLECTION AND TREATMENT OF DISCARDED PRODUCTS
Article 9. Responsibility of the Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment
1. Issue documents providing guidance on implementation of this Decision andtechnical regulations on environment in terms of collection, storage andtransportation of discarded products; provide instructions on and manage
implementation.
2. Develop and manage data about recall and treatment of discarded products;
publicly announce the list of points of recall which conform to technicalenvironmental requirements in accordance with regulations.
3. Propagate, raise awareness of organizations or individuals so that they get
involved in discarded product recall and treatment.
4. Examine, inspect, monitor and impose penalties on organizations or
individuals that commit violations against regulations on discarded productrecall and treatment.
5. Preside over, cooperate with relevant Ministries, departments in submissionof report to the Prime Minister to seek any amendment and supplementation to
the List of discarded products and schedule of recall and treatment annexed
hereto.
Article 10. Responsibility of provincial People’s Committees

1. Propagate, raise awareness of organizations or individuals so that they get
involved in discarded product recall and treatment.
2. Introduce policies, support and provide favorable conditions for
manufacturing enterprises to establish points of recall and manage discarded
product recall and treatment within their areas in accordance with regulations
laid down in the Government’s Decree No. 19/2015/ND-CP dated February 14,2015 on providing specific provisions on implementation of several articles of
the Law on Environmental Protection.
3. Manage, inspect and examine recall and treatment of discarded products
within their areas in accordance with legal regulations on environmental
protection.
4. Direct the People’s Committees at all levels to carry out recall and treatment
of discarded products within their jurisdiction.
Chapter IV
IMPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS
Article 11. Effect
1. This Decision takes effect on July 15, 2015.
2. The Decision No. 50/2013/QD-TTg of the Prime Minister dated August 9,
2013 on providing regulations on recall and treatment of discarded products
shall be abolished from the effective date of this Decision.
3. Ministers, Heads of ministerial-level agencies, Heads of Governmental
agencies, the President of the People’s Committees of centrally-affiliated cities
or provinces and related organizations or individuals, shall be responsible for
implementing this Decision./.
The Prime Minister
Nguyen Tan Dung

APPENDIX
LIST OF DISCARDED PRODUCTS AND SCHEDULE OF RECALL AND
TREATMENT (Issued together with the Decision No. 16/2015/QD-TTg of thePrime Minister dated May 22, 2015)
No. DESCRIPTIONSCHEDULE
OF RECALL

AND
TREATMENTI

ACCUMULATOR AND BATTERY

1

Accumulators of all types

01/7/2016

2

Batteries of all types

01/7/2016

II

ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

1

Compact light; fluorescent light

01/7/2016

2

Desktop or laptop; computer monitor; CPU (microprocessor)

01/7/2016

3

Printer; fax machine; scanner

01/7/20164

Photo camera; movie camera

01/7/2016

5

Cell phone; tablet computer

01/7/2016

6

DVD, VCD, CD recorder and other tape or disc player 01/7/20167Photocopier01/7/20168

Television; refrigerator

01/7/20169

Air conditioner; laundry machine

01/7/2016

III

DIFFERENT KINDS OF LUBRICANTS

01/7/2016

IV

INNER TUBE, TYRE

1

Inner tubes of all kinds

01/7/2016

2

Tires of all kinds

01/7/2016

V

VEHICLE

1

Motorcycles, motorbikes of all kinds

01/01/2018

2

Automobiles of all kinds

01/01/2018

2/23/2016

Appropriate and Efficient Waste
Management Required forDevelopment of City
Tomonori ISHIGAKI
National Institute for Environmental
Studies, Japan

Development of City and Waste Management

Disposal site

City growth and expansion will complicate waste logistics

1

2/23/2016

Development of City and Waste Management

City growth and expansion will complicate waste logistics

Development of City and Waste Management
Disposal site

Disposal site

City growth and expansion will complicate waste logistics

2

2/23/2016

Appropriate Waste Management underDeveloping Situation
Transportation
Capacity

Source Reduction
Care for Hazardous Waste

Disposal Capacity

Reduction of
Disposal Waste-Treatment-Recycling

Transportation Capacity
CentralCollection

Collection Station

RoadsideContainer

CurbsideCollection

Distance
fromgenerator

L

S

for
Collector

S

L

EfficientCollection

Good
Administrative
Service

Transport Station will be one solution
as the best combination of collection and transportation ofhousehold waste32/23/2016

Benefit of Central Collection• Logistics management– Total reduction of travel per waste– Capacity– Frequency– Traffic• Physical Compaction– Volume Reduction• Resource Recovery– Valuables: Metal, Plastics– for Fuels, Materials in Industry
Central Collection = Central Treatment(1) to reduce the volume and hazard(2) to maximize recycling

Mass Waste Treatment Technology• Waste to Energy (Mass Burning)

1903, Osaka, Japan– Volume reduction and Sanitation– Energy Production• Mechanical Biological Treatment– Volume Reduction and Energy
production

4

2/23/2016

Separation Enhances Recycling(and Reduction of Disposal)
Materials
Paper Plastic Glass
TextileMetal Lubber
Fuels

Recyclable

Wood
OthersHouseholds

Garbage

Composting

One-stop service for "Treatment/ Recycle" and "Users/
Suppliers" give an advantage of scale
It also can be helpful to save the time and cost.

Reduction of Disposal Waste andExtension of Landfill Lifetime
Paper Plastic Glass
TextileMetal Lubber
Wood
OthersGarbage

40% reduction of disposal waste Prolong 1.6 times of lifetime of landfillor attenuate impact of waste increase5

2/23/2016

Disposal Capacity• Promotion of Biodegradation• Compaction (Solidification)– Prevention of hazard risk
– Financial cost

• Expansion– sometimes bad practiceDegradation-Promotive Landfills
Bioreactor Landfill
Impearmea
ble capping

Leachate
recirculation

Semiaerobic Landfill
GHGs reduction

Biodegrad
ation

Drainage
Leachate
Treatment
Plant

Passive ventilation
Constructed Wetland

GHGs Reduction

Reduction of Impact of Water Pollution

6

2/23/2016

Case study:
Mechanical Biological Treatment(MBT) for MSW Pretreatment
before Landfilling

13

Waste Treatment in MBT
M: Mechanical (Physical) Process

B: Biological Process
A er obic degradation

Biodrying

Anaerobic
digestion

Resource
Recovery

Biogas (energy)

Solid Recovered Fuel(SRF)

to Industryor
MSW incineration

Debristo Landfill

147

2/23/2016

Survey on MBT Plant in Thailand
Collected MSW

Biodrying (9 months)

SRF(to Cement kiln)

Separation

Debris15

Features of MBT in P-city in Thailand
moisture60-70%

6000kJ/kg High moisture by garbage

High degradable fraction/ low calorie

118 mg/g

Waste: High moisture and Degradable fraction
Money: Limitation of Budget
Output: Limitation of RDF Consumer
Allowed by Cement furnace only (but highly rejected)
Not pelletized but bulk RDF was transported

16

8

2/23/2016

Mass balance in MBT plant in Thailand
MSW
18,000 t/y(100%)

Biodrying
Process

CO2, H2O(64%)

Necessity of drying first becauseof moisture

36%

MechanicalSeparation
Process
Fuel
(28%)

Loss

Debris (7.5%)1350 t/y…> 15-20%?

Rejected for 20-30%

17Composition of Debris
Initial MSW

After Biodrying
SRF

Plant
debrisplastics

Fine
fractionplastics

Paper

Stone
shellsAnimaldebrisTextileMetal
Bricks

Debris

Plas
-tics

Fine
fraction18

92/23/2016

MBT as Pretreatment of Landfilling
140

Oxygen demand(gO2/kg)

100

80
60
40
20

5

0
(kJ/kg)

MSW
5,200

SRF
12,400Debris
6,100

C/N

140

304

17

Anaerobic gas generation(L/kg)

120

200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

Organics potential of landfilling was reduced (70-80%)
Not enough from viewpoints of emission from landfills
Separation efficiency will affect the organics in debris 19

Summary• Waste Management System is not immutable
but should be always updated according todevelopment and growth of city
• Central collection via transfer station could bea solution for reducing the unnecessary cost,time, labor• Central Treatment must be simultaneously
considered for minimizing the ineffectivenessof total system

10