NEWSLETTER

riends of

JAPAN
·ls--

The world is a family, and all humankind are brothers and sisters.

SEPTEMBER

2006

Donation of Training Ship to Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency

Mr. Haji Zahidin Haji Dor

Mr. Leong Peng Loo

Mr. Lee Chnua Yee

Capt. Yew Seng Limeak
es::n cごsus↑二置development of maritime activities " in a
lecture a t the Intern a tion a l M a ritime
Organization in 2005. The main idea ofthe concept i s to promote thedevelopmentofanintern a tion a l
fr a mework, including nece ss a ry cos t­
sharing schemes to share the burden of
securing navigation safety in the Strait of
Mal acca .
Wa lking the t a lk,
The
NipponFoundation lead by example by donating
the tra ining vessel "KM Ma rlin" to the
Mal aysian Maritime Enforcement Agency(MMEA) on June 1, 2006. The trainingve ss el w a s pre s ented by The Nippon
Foundation Chairman, Mr. S asaka wa, tothe Mal aysian Deputy Prime Minister Dato'
Sri Mohd N ajib bin Tun Haji Abdul Ra zakin a n official ceremony in Port Kl ang,
Mal aysia .
The Nippon Found a tion h a s beens upporting the c a u s e of ens uring

Mr.．言hl。り門

Mr. Yohei Sasakawa：

Mr. Krishnan BalakrishananCapt. Bin Abdul Samad Zainal Akbar

navigation safety in the Strait of Mal acca
since 1968. Previous contributions include
in s t a lling n a vig a tion a l a id s s uch a s
lighthou s e s a nd buoys , conductinghydrogr a phic s urvey s a nd don a ting abuoy tendering ship to the Mal aysian andIndonesian governments .
E s t a bli s hed in 2005, MMEA' s m a infunctions a re to control a nd prevent
maritime pollution, suppress piracy andillicit tr a ffic in n a rcotic drugs . The
availa bility of the training vessel could nothave come at a better time, as it will beutilized as a practical training pl atform forthe first intake of MMEA personnel andtrainees this year.
The Mal aysian S asaka wa Fellows wereinvited a s gue s t s of The Nippon
Found ation to the handover ceremony.
After the event, Mr. S asakawa took time
off his busy schedule to meet with the
Sasakawa fellows . He was happy to knowthat they were still actively involved in themaritime industry and encouraged them toCapt. Tze Kheong Lee

further a dv ance in their profession. Since
the S asaka wa Fellows work in different
p a rt s of M a l a ys i a , they took theopportunity to reestablish their friendships
a s well a s exch a nging note s on thedevelopments in their respective fields .

Tra i n i ng vessel "KM Marl i n"
Li m Yew Seng
(Malaysia 1997)
Malaysian Maritime Academy

Joseph B. Badajosii(Ph lipp nes, 1999)。仁：d ：言eo NlopfponM ayFo7：二u6：二hh l1: oanke 0] 悶： hometown in the northern part of the country and shipped to
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world's largest philanthropic organizations, met withseventeen Filipino alumni of the World Maritime University at thescenic Diamond Hotel along Roxas Boulevard in Manila,
The seventeen alumni, who presently work for

Culion, Palawan. Although he was later given a clean bill of
health, the stigma caused by his having been ostracized kept him

Philippines.

from getting back to his family. He later died of natural causes in
Culion, Palawan, but without the loving care and attendance of
his own family.

Academy, etc., are all direct beneficiaries of the benevolence of

Network - Philippines Chapter, Incorporated, Mr. Luis M. Tuason,

different Philippine Government agencies, e.g. Philippine Coast
Guard, Maritime Industry Authority, Philippine Merchant Marine

Mr. Sasakawa, whose foundation funded their attendance at
different Master's Degree programs of WMU.

During the interaction, Mr. Sasakawa proudly displayed the

The President of the Friends of WMU-Japan Sasakawa Fellows

Jr. of the Philippine Coast Guard, expressed the group's heartfelt
gratitude and praise to Mr. Sasakawa for taking time out of his
hectic scheduled visit to the Philippines to meet with the WMU­

wearing the wrong undershirt.(The Barong Tagalog, which is the

Sasakawa alumni. He then presented to Mr. Sasakawa a small
token of the group's appreciation, a charcoal painting portraying

an undershirt called a kamiseta,alumni to greater heights of achievement.

Barong Tagalog he was wearing, though he also apologized forPhilippines'national attire for men, is supposed to be worn withnot any ordinary shirt.)

Mr. Sasakawa as a ship Captain leading the WMU-Sasakawa

absolution and even went on to praise him for giving importanceTruly, the visit of Mr. Sasakawa can be best summarized as anoccasion where "the shepherd has visited his flock no matter

introduced themselves and briefly described to Mr. Sasakawa theirworld."

Nevertheless, the alumni gave Mr. Sasakawa their collective
to such a trivial matter. Each of the alumni present thenpresent jobs and status in their respective organizations.

Hearing that Mr. Sasakawa had just joined the anniversarycelebration of the Municipality of Culion, Palawan where the Tala

where they may have been scattered in the vastness of the(1be author is a Sasakawa Fellow who graduated with a Masterf。i Science Degree in Maritime Safety and Environmental

Leprosarium was established for the confinement of people

Protection from the World Maritime University in Malmo, Sweden

Joseph Badajos (MSEP 99), narrated that after the Second World

Philゅ,pine Coast Guard and holds the position of心�ist ant Chief ofafflicted with leprosy in the Philippines, one of the alumni, Mr.

War his maternal grandfather was suspected of being afflicted

B 『eakfast in Beijing

M 9g □□]□三p：□

in 1999. He presently holds the rank of Commander in the

Stafffor Maガtime Safety Alfairs.)

Xu Cuiming(China, 1996)
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三 sla0::: lostay in Beijing,f ur Chinese Sasakawa Fellows, Ms. Xu Cuiming,
r.三
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en

Mr. Xu Qingyue, Mr. Li Hongyin and Mr. Sun Dabin were kindly

invited to have breakfast with him on the 16th at the Beijing
New Otani Chang Fu Gong Hotel.

Mr. Ogata seemed so pleased to talk with us openly even forsuch a short time, satisfied with the warm, welcoming

atmosphere, and also satisfied with the important (leading)posts that we (Chinese Sasakawa Fellows) have taken in the

Minis切of Communications of China and our achievements inthe maritime field since graduating from WMU.

It is Mr. Ogata's hope that we continue to keep a good

relationship between The Nippon Foundation and Chinese

Sasakawa Fellows, supporting each other and contributing tofurther maritime development in the world.

Friends of WMU JAPAN I 2

Mr. Xu Oingyue

Mr. Sun Dabin
Mr. Takeju Ogata
Ms. Xu Cuiming
Mr. Li Hongyin

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Seiji Saeki (Former Editorial Staff)

toward the Asian region in the past. However, as maritime activities

demonstrate development on a global scale, I feel that we need to

expand our field of interest to countries in regions remote from

Fellows.
The very frrst country I went to was the United Republic of
Tanzania. I saw Dar-Es-Salaam, the biggest city with a major port inJapan, and this was how my visit to Africa came about.

Edward Sylvester Mabula (Tanzania Ports Authority, class of 2003)

country of origin and organization to which they belonged. In

Tanzania, and was able to meet with two Sasakawa Fellows, Mr.

and Ms. Stella Joshua Katondo汀anzania Ports Authority, class of2001), at a restaurant in the Killman祖ro Hotel.
Then, I went on to Mombasa in the Republic of Kenya, thelargest port in Eastern Africa, on the 19th of May, where Mr. Musa
Hassan Musa(Kenya Ports Authority, class of 2000) and Mr.

Samwel Kipkosgei Kiptoo(Kenya Ports Authority, class of 2003)

kindly welcomed me.

Last, I visited the Republic of Ghana on the 22nd of May. Capt.

Based on the list of the graduates compiled by WMU, I attempted

to organize WMU graduates from Africa(750 up to 2005) by

Africa overall, there are WMU graduates in 45 countries. Of these,

we managed to compile the attached list for the main 14 countries.
The criteria for selecting

these 14 countries were, in

principle, that (1) there wereat least 20 graduates of WMU

from that country or(2) there

were

Sasakawa

Fellows

Hannah Aba Aggrey(class of 2000) and Ms. Catherine Haizel(classresident in that country.

welcomed me at the airport. The next day, they took me to theSomalia,of 2002) from Regional Maritime Academy (RMA) in Accra

RMA campus and introduced me to Ms. Felicity Ankoma-Sey(alsoa WMU Sasakawa Fellow, class of 2001).

However,

weexcluded

where

the

whereabouts o f all WMU graduates is unknown a t present.

In terms of characteristics, countries where a relatively large

number of graduates belong to administrative organizations are:

Cameroon, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Tunisia.

Countries where a relatively large number of graduates belong to

educational and training organizations are: Egypt, Ghana, andNigeria. And countries where a relatively large number ofgraduates belong to port authorities are: Kenya and Tanzania.

The organizations which produced more than one Sasakawa

Fellow are: RMA in Ghana, KPA in Kenya, 1PA and DMI in
Through my meetings and conversations with these Sasakawa
Fellows, I was able to get a very good understanding about the way
in which these Fellows contribute to the maritime activities of theircountry by applying what they experienced at WMU in their work.
The WMU Scholarship Program, which the Oc e an Policy

Tanzania, and AAS囚T in Egypt. You can also clearly see from thistable that these organizations produced many WMU graduates in

addition to Sasakawa Fellows.

During my visit to Africa this time, I was able to visit the offices of

KPA and RMA. In Africa, where we are only able to provide

support through a limited number of scholarships, I believe that

Research Foundation conducts with support from The Nippon

our relationships with the organizations which send out the

who graduated from WMU as of June 2006 number 253 and hailin addition to maintaining ongoing exchanges with individual

including the current students). In Africa, there are 22 Sasakawa

organizations which send out the Fellows. I hope that the readers

Foundation, has been in operation since 1987. Sasakawa Fellows
from 40 countries all over the world(317 from 45 countries
Fellows(graduate s) in eight countries. Howeve r, taking into

account that there are a total of 750 WMU graduates in total instudents are important. As the Secretariat of the Sasakawa Fellows,

Sasakawa Fellows, we hope to promote more exchanges with theof this article will also try to visit our Sasakawa Fellows if they havethe opportunity to visit Africa. It is my belief that the continuous

exchanges which take place among individuals promote links
Africa, this is only a very small fraction.
Due to geographical reasons, Japan's interest has tended to lean between organizations and lead to a stronger, more global network.
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Intern tion l LRIT D t Exchan ge

ne of the hottest issues at the May 2006 MSC81 meetingand perhaps interesting for those who are studying or
engaged in international law as well, was the decision on
Long-range Identification and Tracking of ships (LRID.
MSC had been discussing this issue since 2002, and throughout
extensive discussions at the plenary and the Working Group of
MSC81, it finally adopted new regulations for the LRIT together
with associated performance standards and functional
requirements.
It establishes a multilateral agreement for sharing LRIT
information for security and search and rescue purposes among
SOLAS Contracting Governments, in order to meet the maritime
security needs and other concerns of such Governments.
Under the agreed requirements,- ships shall automatically transmit the ship's identity, locationand date and time of position;- data derived through LRIT will be available only to recipients
who are entitled to receive such infom迫tion, and safeguards“しL'RJT Data Users← :LRIT info o f ship flying the flag of countryA← :LRIT info o f ship flying the flag of country B

concerning the confidentiality of the data have been built into
the regulatory provisions;- SOLAS Contracting Goverrunents shall be entitled to receive
information about ships navigating within a distance notexceeding 1000 nautical miles off their coast; and- the right of flag States to protect information about the ships
entitled to fly their flag is maintained, where appropriate, whileallowing coastal States access to information about ships
navigating off their coasts.
These provisions concerning LRIT were developed so as not tocreate or affirm any new rights of States over ships beyond thoseexisting in international law, particularly, the United Nations
Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), nor to alter oraffect the rights, jurisdiction, duties and obligations of States inconnection with UNCLOS.
MSC also agreed that the SOLAS regulations on LRIT should
start to become effective, with respect to the transmission of LRIT
information by ships, as of December 31, 2008.

14th Port State Control Officers Seminar in the Asia Pacific Region June 20-21, 2006

had an opportunity to attend the 14th PSCO Seminar intheAsia
lPacific Region last June 20-21, 2006. The seminar was held inTokyo, Japan under the auspices of the Maritime Bureau,
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, Japan, andthe Tokyo
MOU Secretariat. It was also sponsored by The Nippon Foundation.
The seminar focused on Maritime Security issues and was divided
into two parts. The first part(June 20, 2006) was an open forum for
PSC on Maritime Security. Several speakers, among them Mr. Frank
Wall, ex-Chairman of MSC Maritime Security Working Group at the
IMO and LCDR Malcolm Mclellan of the USCG, talked aboutmaritime security issues from the viewpoint of their own
organizations. The open forum was capped by a panel discussion
in the afternoon. Participants in this forum were PSCOs from theTokyo MOU member countries as well as representatives from

Friends of WMU JAPANother MOUs (Black Sea MOU, Caribbean MOU, GCC MOU and
Indian Ocean MOU) and from the private maritime sector in Japan.
The second part(June 21, 2006) was devoted to a seminar for
PSC on Maritime Security which was attended by PSCO's fromthe different MOUs. Speakers, led by Mr. Hiroshi Sano of the
Hokuriku Shin'etsu Transport Bureau, shared their knowledge
about conducting PSC inspection for Maritime Security, the
SOLAS provisions for Maritime Security and the ISPS Code. The
seminar was capped by a case study session where participants
were divided into three groups and discussed several situations
that a PSC officer might face when conducting PSC inspection.
The organizers also scheduled social activities so that theparticipants could see interesting parts of Tokyo. These activities
included a tour around the Roppongi District and Tokyo Bay.
On a lighter note, attending the seminar brought backmemories of WMU as if I were back inside the classroom full of"students" (some of the participants were WMU graduates)coming from different countries and discussing maritime related
issues. Moreover, the trip also gave me the opportunity to visit
the Offices of the Ocean Policy Research Foundation (OPRF) andmeet once again the staff. It was indeed a pleasure to renew ouracquaintances and update each other on our respective work.

I4

Life in Malmo
The Mid-Summer's Eve Festival
oday, June 23, 2006, about 145 WMU students accompaniedby their families enjoyed a trip to Kaseberga and Backakra tocelebrate this year's mid-summer's eve, the longest day of the year.
The excursion departed from Henrik Smith Hostel at 9:30 withthree buses on a sunny day. They sang the 'frog song' during thebus ride to the first destination, a song that is not so difficult to singas it was very familiar in our childhood, a funny song
The first place we visited was Ales Stenar in Kaseberga on thehill.No one really knows for sure why these stones were erected
there. They were set in a ship form, but indeed, it is believed thatthey were set as a calendar at that time. To see how it works, you
can arrange your own trip there
After about two hours at Ales
Stenar, the buses proceeded to
Backackra, a place where Dag
Hammerskjold planned to retire after his service as UN Secretary
General. Here, people did not come to commemorate Dag
Hammerskjold personally, but to gather and dance to celebrate themid-summer's eve. People danced hand in hand, no distance
between them, and sang together. How beautiful togetherness is.
The pictures show the soul of the festival. Thanks Ms. Lundahl
for organizing this event, and see you next mid-summer excursion!!

マテ

People dance hand in hand at Backackranne| is a rai|way proj ect that wi|| create a fast and efficient
T cohenneCitytu
ction track between Malmo Cent「al Station and the Oresund Bridge. In

order to increase the capacity for 「ailway traffic which became significant afte「 theconst「uction of the Oresund Bridge, the Citytunnel project started in March 2005.
The constructions are planned to be completed in 2011 with an estimated total
budget of 9.45 billion Swedish crowns (SEK).
A six-kilometre-long tunnel under cent「al Malmo and eleven kilometres of「ai|way above ground is p|anned in the Citytunne| proi ect. Ma|m6 Centra| Station、.:
ダ尼竺羞屈．—． 7ヽて＇、一—-\.
、｀心し．で： y．`心)』wi|| be added with an underground section.New stations wi|| be bui|t at Triange| n
an n
Me i th.
心ど彦奇··亨•と：亨心＼．←、{デ：？：pa g :he e二二°]I ng口6 unavO|dab| e |n the CItytunne| prOl ect, Wh|Ch―_-. ; C・ニニ ヽ ｀人 demands extensive construction. | n addition to geo|0gic and geohydro|ogic- = • "., research, a number of environmental examinations have been conducted to survey
� the environment and minimize inconvenience for local people. Such preparations'(、are compulsory under the strict environmental legislation in Sweden, and also
voluntary studies are carried out to reduce the impact on the environment.
The Citytunnel Exhibition has opened with a relaxing cafe near Gustuv Adolfs
Torg. Admission is free. It seems to succeed in involving people in the proj ect byproviding a casual occasion to find out more about the background, scope andimplementation of the Citytunnel
i

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IV

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For more information, please visit the website: http://www.citytunneln.se/
English version is available by clicking on the flag below.
Friends of WMU JAPAN I 6

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t he WMU song came into existence.
T he newsletter does not indicate how t he composer, Mr.
Muller and the lyricist, Mr. Wong came to know eac h ot her, andI would like to write a supplementary explanation of theencounter.
My arrival at Malmo in my new post in c harge of t he students
of MET( E)93 was January 11t h, 1993. At that time students
wit hout families were living in Henrik Smit h Residence and hadmeals in t he dining hall in t he basement. On Friday andSaturday evenings, gat herings were hosted by various circles,
home town countries and classes. It was a usual practice thatfrom around nine o'clock, t he sound of loud go-go and dancemusic s hook t he building until midnig ht. Cassette tapes were
used.
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T he inauguration ceremony of 94 classes took place on
Marc h 22nd and 7 Japanese sc holars hip students also attended.
T he first welcome party for the new students was held on
Saturday, June 12t h, under t he auspices of t he Asian PacificSocie ty, organ iz ed by Zai norin (Malaysia), Escola no (T heP hilippines), Lee (Malaysia), Muller (Mars hall Island), Wong
(Malaysia), Yang (Korea), Sutic hai (T hailand), and Yu Jian
(C hina).
T he students wore t heir national costumes and eac h student
broug ht home-cooked food. I t took a great deal of time andeffort. Usually a radio cassette was used for background music
but on t his particular nig ht, the music was played by Muller on
his keyboard and Wong on his guitar, maracas and tambourine.

Friends of WMU JAPAN I 7

T he students were talented musicians and played songs oftheir own countries. My two c hildren, Mona and Tatsuro also
played "Sakura, Sakura" on t he keyboard as s hown in t he
picture. I nciden tally, Tatsuro is now 180cm tall and is going
throug h On-Board-Training as a Cadet aiming to become a

S hip Engineer. He will become a 3rd Engineer this October.
Towards t he end of t he party, I made a request to Muller andothers to compose a song that could be sung at parties hosted
by t he Asian Pacific Society, just like sc hool songs we have inJapan. Wong wrote in t he 13t h issue how it was developed.
If my recollection is correct, t he song was played on IMO
Day, September 23rd, 1993, in t he old city hall, sang by
students dressed in their national costumes. I remember theparticipating students practicing often in t he room next to t hedining hall. I do not know w ho asked t he conductor of t he Fire
Brigade Band to arrange t his piece, but I hope to be able toreport on t his in the Newsletter in t he near future.
Alt houg h Wong wrote t hat it was on WMU's 10t h anniversary,the ceremony was held on June 22nd wit h the music played in
lig ht marc hing style by t he Fire Brigade Band and sung by t hec horus. T he graduation ceremony took place o n Sunday,
December 5th, as s hown in t he picture, at Malmo Concert Hall.

T he students w ho sang at IMO day came up on stage and t he
Fire Brigade Band played t he WMU song for t he first time. I
was sitting t hen in t he first row in t he hall. When t he music
began playing, there was a stir t he first 20 seconds or so but
the audience settled down to listen. I n contrast to t he cold andgr e y w e at he r i n Malmo i n D e c e mb e r, t he h ig h t e mpo,
Polynesian style music broug ht muc h warmt h in the room as if
brig ht flowers bloomed all at once in t he hall. After t heperformance t here was big applause, as the smiling conductor
introduced Muller, t he composer and Wong, t he lyricist. I havea feeling t hat if the party hosted by t he Asian Pacific Society on
June 12th had not been held, t he WMU song would never havecome into existence.

A Day Inside the Orphanage

Ma『ia Teresa Dag uio-Mamisao(Ph il ippines, 2006)

For several years,I have been a donor at one children. These children were abandoned byof the Orphanages in my country and as a their fam出es and left in the orphanage fromgift on my birthday I decided to give myself ages 6 months to 3 years.
a treat by way of working in the orphanage
We fed the children one by one after
for a day. I coordinated with the which we bathed them and put the kids
Management to allow me to do so and they ages 2and 3 in the playpen. I played withhappily accepted.
them for several hours while the young
Nobody knew about this so I've decided to ladies prepared lunch. At lunch time, I
share my experience inside the orphanage. It helped the ladies to feed the children again
was on a Wednesday morning at a7 m that I and this time put them to bed for theircame to the place. At that time,I didn't know afternoon nap while the rest were playing in
how I would feel (serious,curious,excited, the pen. Well,it's hard work playing withamong others). I waited for Emily (the lady I those kids because they all wanted ourcoordinated with) to show me where I'd be attention,however, it ended well! I stayed inassigned and they decided to put me in the the orphanage and helped the ladies put the
Nursery Section.
children in their bed at 8pm and kissed all of
My heart cried out for the children when I them before I left.
That day was the most wonderful birthday
saw them sleeping in the cribs alone with
nobody watching them except two young gift I have ever had in my whole life.
ladies. I was introduced to them and the Nobody knew! But now I can openly say it
three of us started the clay working with the was worth it!

Get-together - WMU Sasakawa Fellowship, Class of 2006 & 2007
Altaf-Ur Rehman(Pakistan, 2007)
It was a very pleasant evening when the WMU Sasakawa
Fellowship, class of 2006 & 2007 got together on May 31st inhonor of Mr. Yohei Sasakawa of The Nippon Foundation,who
graced the occasion.
This get-together was also attended by the following dignitaries:
Mr. Terashima,Mr. Hara,Professor Nakazawa,Professor Linden.
This was the first formal introduction and welcome gathering of
the WMU Sasakawa Fellowship, class of 2006 & 2007. All students
introduced themselves to the guests and offered to uphold themission of The Nippon Foundation and Mr. Yohei Sasakawa.
Mr. Emi then introduced the guests and asked them for a few
words of advice for the newcomers.
All guests talked about the mission,aim and dedication of theFoundation and Mr. Sasakawa's personal interest in maritime
affairs as well as in humanity.
They also impressed upon the students the hard work andhigh quality of performance necessary to work more efficiently
in their own countries and spread the light of education andEditor's Postscript

HEllO,friends of WMU! I am a new member of the editorial
board and this is the first edition for me to work on it. Developing
this newsletter and reading over the back numbers,I realized theimportance and the benefit of the widespread global network of the
Sasakawa Fellowship. It is a great opportunity and pleasure for me
to have a connection with you through this newsletter.
Since I started my current job this year,I have been engaged indeveloping regulations on maritime safety and environmental
protection, and attending most of the IMO meetings as aJapanese Delegate. At the same time,from now on as an editorof this newsletter, I will be preparing reports on issues of the IMO

U 口加珂団The Nippon Founda tion

humanity throughout the world.
All students also thanked the Foundation and Mr. Sasakawa
for this opportunity and their support.
This wonderful and memorable evening ended withrefreshments as well as smiles on the faces of the newcomers.
Everyone was looking forward to working hard with zeal.

as well as searching for hot news for "Friends of WMU". Whether
or not you have hot news,please contact me if you see mesomewhere in the world,perhaps at IMO.
Regarding our website, "Friends of W MU , Japan"(http://www.wmu.sof.or.jp/),we are pleased to announce thatthe number of hits already exceed 1,000 in July since its
establishment in February this year. We are looking forward to
having more of you access the site and hearing your updates!
Shin IMAIJapan Ship Technology Research Association

This newsletter is published under a grant from The Nippon Foundation
to promote communication among the Sasakawa Fellows of WMU (World Maritime University)and edited by the Ocean Policy Research Foundation in cooperation with Mr. Shin Imai,
Prof. Toshio Hikima, Ms. Masako B. Otsuka, Ms. Fumi Yakabe and Ms. Sue Jackson.
Secretariat: Maritime Technology Department, the Ocean Policy Research Foundation
Kaiyo Senpaku Building, 1-15-16 Toranomon Minato-ku, Tokyo JAPAN 105-0001
Tel. 81-3-3502-1876 Fax. 81-3-3502-2033 URL: http://www.sof.or.jp/

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