A Successful Earthquake Public
Education in Schools
Farokh Parsizadeh
Research Associate & Director of Public Education

International Institute of Earthquake Engineering andSeismology, IIEES

parsi@iiees.ac.ir

www.iiees.ac.ir

IIEES

5:26:26 AM, 26 December 2003
Ms=6.531,828 Dead
25,000+Injured
75,000 Homeless
70% of buildings were totally destroyed

Arge Bam Before E.Q

Arge Bam After E.Q

IIEES

Bam Reconstruction

IIEES

Policy:9 Rebuild Bam with full preservation of its culture andhistory;
9 Provide financial resources and overall management;
9 Revise the city planning based on seismic hazard andsoil conditions;
9 Provide typical architectural and structural design
compatible with the culture and socio-economic
condition of Bam;
9 Provide good quality construction material at low price;Bam Reconstruction

IIEES

Policy:9 Maximize people and private sectors participation;
9 Maximize utilization of local engineering services;
9 Establish a “Construction Exhibition and Market” withthe purpose of offering consulting and technicalinformation and services, showing sample units
9 Provide quality controlled construction materials;
9 Technical supervision of the whole reconstruction
process.

IIEES

Bam: History, Culture, and Significance
9 Bam is an ancient city (Citadel was more than 2,000 years old).
9 It is located in the middle of desert, but had a sophisticatedwater irrigation system and a long history of successful
agriculture.
9 Exports 100,000 metric tons of finest quality dates per year.
9 Exports substantial amount of best citrus fruits in the country.
9 Over the past decade a new major industrial complex has been
built to the east of the City. This complex houses various factories
including a major automobile assembly factory.
9 Dominant culture is a tribal one consisting of large “family” units.
9 There is a very strong attachment to land.
9 Prior to earthquake, Bam was one of the richest cities in Iran.

IIEES

Bam Reconstruction
Housing Reconstruction
Distribution of Residential Units in Bam and their Households vs. the Size
% of Residential units% of Households Units

One Bedroom

5%

12%

Two Bedrooms

20%

31%

Three Bedrooms

26%

33%

Four or more Bedrooms

49%

24%

Size of ResidenceIIEES

Bam Reconstruction
Residential and Commercial Buildings Cleared of Debris
Total32,938

Bam and Baravat

26,721

Rural area

6,215

Daily use of Machineries

Truck: 351; Bulldozer: 98

IIEES

Bam Reconstruction
Rural AreaConstruction Has Been Started: 24,307
Completed Unit: 20,010

35 Village (50%) were reconstructed by HF of Kerman

31 Village (50%) were reconstructed by HF of 7 ProvincesIIEES

Bam Reconstruction
Individual Housing

IIEES

Bam Reconstruction
Individual Housing

IIEES

Bam Reconstruction
Individual Housing

IIEES

Bam Reconstruction
Individual Housing

IIEES

Bam Reconstruction
Apartment Buildings

IIEES

Bam Reconstruction
Rental Apartment Buildings

IIEES

Bam Reconstruction
Hospitals and Health Centers

Renovated Bam Department of HealthBam Mental Health Center

IIEES

Bam Reconstruction
Clinics, Emergencies and Health Centers

IIEES

Bam Reconstruction
Disabled and Social Welfare Centers

Table 10: Children and families under welfare coverage, before and after earthquake

Before EQ.

After EQ.

5,649
Orphan Children

150

1,964 No Parents
3,685 One Parents

Family625

1916

Woman

3750

9494

IIEES

Bam Reconstruction
Disabled and Social Welfare Centers

IIEES

Bam Reconstruction
Doctor’s Offices and Pharmacies

IIEESBam Reconstruction
Bam Central Library

IIEES

Bam Reconstruction
Sport StadiumIIEES

Bam Reconstruction

Government Office Complex

IIEES

Bam Reconstruction
Police Offices

IIEES

Bam Reconstruction
Bam Court HouseIIEES

Bam Reconstruction
Schools

Loss of ~10,000 out of 32,433 students.
Loss of ~1000 out of 3,400 Teachers.
Destruction of 131 Schools.

IIEES

Bam Reconstruction
SchoolsCity

New School

RepairedSchoolClass

School

Class

Bam

71556

33268

Baravat

16112

318

Bam area

2579

1

3

Dahabkery

1552-

-

Poshtrood110--Kerk

311--Total Number

13182037289

Completed4837

IIEES

Bam Reconstruction
SchoolsIIEES

Bam Reconstruction
SchoolsIIEES

Bam Reconstruction
Schools

Technical High School
Capacity: 240 Students

IIEES

Bam Reconstruction
SchoolsIIEES

Bam Reconstruction
SchoolsIIEES

Bam Reconstruction
SchoolsWhy Schools
Temporary Sheltering
Rescue and Relief operation
Local Disaster Management

Importance of Schools
 Number of Students: 15,264,349
 Number of Teachers: 655,690
 Number of School Staffs: >1,000,000

 Number of Schools: 140,815

Why Students
They are about 1/4 of Iran’s Population
They are one of the most vulnerable group of societyThey have high capacity for learning
They can easily transfer what they have learnt
They are futures

For Building an Earthquake
Safety Culture in Iran,we need to have aComprehensive Public
Education Program by using all
types of Educational Methods

Successful Public Education Program inSchools

Face to Face
Education

Publications
Theoretical Education(Formal)Competitions

Earthquake

ContinuousEducation

SafetyDrills

School’s
Earthquake
Safety Councils

CourseMedias

Theoretical Education(Formal)Science Book

Earthquake Preparedness
Guideline for Teachers

Defense Preparedness

Geography

Persian Literature Book

Geography Book

Knowledge of Careersand Arts

Knowledge of Careersand Arts

Social Study Book

Geography of Ardebil
Province Book

Geology Book

Geography Book

Geography Book

Science Book

Science Book

Social Science

Social SciencePublications

Earthquake and Safety

SCIENTIFC KNOWLEDGE OF EARTHQUAKES

Earthquake and inside the EarthWhat should we know about Earthquakes?

Poster “Earthquake Safety Measures in Schools”
Educational Pamphlet

Competitions

Essay Writing Competition for ages 12-18

1997“Earthquake Reduction”

2000“Earthquake and Safety”

2003“Earthquake and it’s Effects”

Second Asian Drawing Competition

Drawing Competition

Third Asian Drawing Competition

First Poster Design Competition

Face to Face Education

Educational Workshops
for Ages 6-18
1991

“Earthquake and Children”

1994“Earthquake and Preparedness”

1996“Earthquake and How to Reduce Hazard”

2001“Earthquake and Safety”

2003“Earthquake and Learning”

2004“Bam Earthquake and Needs for Education2005“ Education for Safety “Earthquake
Safety Drills

School Drills
SchoolYear

No. ofStudents

No. ofSchools

GirlsBoys

Total

Pilot Study

Primary

1996

1000

5400

600

100

Pilot StudyHighSchools

1997‫ـ‬3‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬Drill in Tehran

HighSchools

1998

527,237

1,059

260,480

266,890527,237First National
Drill

HighSchools

1999

4,580,688

15,4992,255,781

2,324,907

4,580,688

Second National
Drill

Secondaryand HighSchools

2000

11,100,000

45,0005,224,171

5,775,829

11,100,000

Third National
Drill

Secondaryand HighSchools

2001

11,800,000

48,0005,624,178

6,175,829

11,800,000

Fourth National
Drill

Secondaryand HighSchools

2002

12,000,000

50,000‫ـ‬‫ـ‬

12,000,000

Fifth National
Drill

All Schools

2003

16,591,225

120,000

7978101

8613124

16,591,225

Sixth National
Drill

AllSchools

2004

16,027,956

120,000

77306388297318

16,027,956

SeventhNational Drill

All Schools

2005

15,264,349

140,815

7,391,739

7,872,610

15,264,349

Members of National Earthquake Drill Council

International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology,
Secretary of Council

MinistryofEducation

Ministry ofScience
ResearchandTechnology

Ministry ofInterior

Iranian
Red CrescentSociety

Iran RadioT.V
BroadcastingProgramming Committee in Provinces
Member of Iranian Committee for Natural Disaster Reduction

Member ofLocal Radioand T.V

Member of Red
CrescentSociety

Members ofLocal Edu
Organization

Posters
First National
Earthquake Drills in HighSchools

Second National
Earthquake Drills in Secondary& High schools

Posters
Third National Earthquake Drills
Secondary and High school

Fourth National Drills in
Secondary and High Schools

Guideline
Fourth National Drills in
Secondary and High Schools

Poster and Guideline

Fifth National Drills from Primary to High Schools

Poster and Guideline
Sixth National Drills Guide-book for Schools

First Pilot Drill in Public Offices, 2004

Poster and Guideline

Seventh National Drills from Primary to High Schools
20057th national earthquake and safety drill in schools• Preparing and distributing 250,000 posters in all schools• Preparing and distributing 150,000 drill instructions for school principals• Producing animations with earthquake and safety subject for T.V channels• Broadcasting the drill announcement from radio and television• Foot noting the news of the drill in TV channels• Special program in national radio from 8:30 to 10:45 with earthquake and safetyissues to answer the questions of the audiences• Carrying out the drill by deaf students in Tehran• Carrying out the drill by blind students in Tehran• Carrying out the drill by employees in 7 departments of various organizationsof the ministry of education in Tehran• Carrying out the drill by employees of various organizations of the ministry ofeducation in Semnan, Tehran, East Aazarbayjan, Kerman, Qom, and Zanjan
provinces• Broadcasting earthquake and safety alarm from national and local radio forone minuteSchool’s Earthquake
Safety Councils

Continuous Education
CourseOffering Educational Courses for
Teachers and Employees of
Ministry of Education

MediasTable of timing schedules of T.V
channels on 6th National Drill in Schools

ChannelProgram timing

Percentage

1151

70

21883

52

Tehran

4420

Total

218

100

Drill news in Radio and TV
Correspondence
news
NumberTiming(min:sec)
min:sec)

ReportOnline interview

Commenttotal

NumberTimingNumberTimingNumberTimingNumberTiming

General office of

61

38:54

1214:17711:25

1

3:00

81

67:38

30

13:15

17

29:30

----

47

42:45

IRI News Network

43

78:00

------

43

78:00

Total

134

130:9

29

33:47

711:2513:00

171

181:21

news broadcasting(radio)General office ofnews broadcasting(TV)Produced and broadcasted programsby IRI News Network
Title

NumberTiming (min) Total timing (min)Special Program

3

1236

Scientific

2

1224

Total

560

Table of Provinces Reports
on 6th National Earthquake Drill in School’sLocal
broadcasting

Report to Tehran

ProducedprogramsCorrespondencenews (number)

No commentreports(Number)Phonereports(number)Radionews(min)TV news(min)Radio(min)TV(min)

95

57

47271

301

1662

Comprehensive Public Education Program in Schools

Face to Face
Education

Publications
Theoretical Education(Formal)Competitions

Earthquake

Continuous
Education

SafetyDrillsSchool’s
Earthquake
Safety Councils

CourseMedias

IIEESToday’s Bam
9 Tons of beautiful Dates on the tall palm trees havecreated the beautiful scene of Life and Nature, as
well as Hope for future.
9 Over expected level of activities (Construction,Markets, Traffic, Offices, etc.) shows Hope and Lifein Bam.
9 NGO’s, Welfare and Social offices are among themost popular group in Bam.
9 UNICEF Child Friendly Cities Initiative in Bam hasrecognized as successful work.
9 Almost all of debris have been removed, thus onlyconstruction can be seen and not the damages.

IIEES

Today’s Bam
9 The private business is very good in the temporary
shops and shelters; thus the will for construction ofmarkets and shops are not high and has become
the second priority.
9 The wealthy class of Bam residents are not happy
with the presence of the immigrants of the low
income people from the villages and the labors,
creating social class issue.
9 People are happy with the most of the government
efforts as well as some of the international NGO’sperformance.

IIEESLife Continues with …

The Unexpressed Experiences of BamEarthquake

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Have you experienced precursors of earthquake from 48
hours before the occurrence of earthquake;Your experiences of being trapped under the debris;Your experiences of injuries and rescue operations;Your experiences of burying the loved ones;Your experiences of living in shelters (temporary settlements);
Your experiences of permanent settlement;
The social, psychological, economic, and cultural problems;Your experiences of the first day of school
Daily life
Faith and hope for future

Earthquake Public Education =unconsciousness' Preparedness

Farokh Parsizadeh
Research Associate & Director of Public Education

International Institute of Earthquake Engineering andSeismology, IIEES

parsi@iiees.ac.ir

www.iiees.ac.ir