REFRIGERANTS TRENDS0NATURAL REFRIGERANTS PROJECTS TIMELINE

1993

1994

First R290
Portable AirConditioner
First R600a
Table Top

1996

R600a
Compressor
Supply To
Haier And
Kelon

CommercialFreezer
with R1270

2008

2015

First Variable
Capacity
R744
First R290
Ultralow
Hermetic
Compressor forFreezer
UsingCompressor
Ben & Jerry
R290 andIce CreamR170
Freezerin US market

201950 % of Compressors
Sold by Embraco Are
For Natural
Refrigerants

1

GLOBAL CONTEXT: CLIMATE CHANGE

GLOBAL AGREEMENTS
AND GOALS TO MITIGATE
THE RISKS OF CLIMATECHANGE●●●Paris Agreement
UN’ Sustainable
Development Goals
Kigali Amendment toMontreal Protocol

REFRIGERATION, REPRESENTS 10%
OF GLOBAL CO2 EMISSIONS, MUSTBE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE
SOLUTION.

REGULATIONS PHASEDOWN OF HIGH GWPREFRIGERANTS

20% OF EMISSIONS COME FROMREFRIGERANTS (HFCs)
80% FROM PRODUCTS
ENERGY USE

Source: Birmingham Energy Institute (UK) / CDP Cooling Executive Summary

REGULATIONS TO
IMPROVE PRODUCTS
ENERGY EFFICIENCY2F-GAS REGULATIONS – KIGALI AMENDMENT% CO2 eqvemissions

RESTUSAJPOCEANIAEU

121 Countries Ratified Kigali Agreement , EU is Leading In F-Gas RegulationsEffort, US Is Following With AIM Act3GLOBAL REGULATION FOR LIGHT COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATIONREGULATIONS AND PROGRESSIVE COUNTRIES DRIVING CHANGES IN MEDIUM AND LONG TERM

CFCsHCFCs

ODP: HighGWP: High
R11, R12

ODP: Mid
GWP: Mid-High
R22, R408, R409

HFCs
ODP: 0.....
GWP: High
R404A, R507

Phasing Out

USA

Mixtures
ODP: 0GWP: Mid
R448A, R449A

Growing Demand

Natural
ODP: 0.....
GWP: Low
R744, R290, R6O0a

Ramp up

HFC Refrigerants
Ban
Migration to Mixtures& Natural Gases

20202025

Phasing Out 2020

EUPartial adoption(Remote)Default Solution
2030

Phased Out
CHINA

Default Solution

Being Tested

Ramp up
2035

AUSTRALIA

Default Solution

Under Evaluation

Being Tested
2040
Concentration of Installed Base4

EMBRACO PORTFOLIO FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION

Merchandiser

Food service | food retail

Medical

Fixed
Speed
EM

EH

F

NE

EM

EH

F

NE

NT

NJ

SCROLL

NE

NT

NJ

VNE

FMX

VNE

FMF

Variable
Speed
FMF

VEM
Condensing
Units /systems

Cond. Unit

FMX

Cond. Unit

VEM

Plug n’ cool

VES

FalconFMF

Bioma

Cond. Unit

RECIPROCATING: 2-38CC | SCROLL: 2-13HP AVAILABLE FOR LBP, MBP, HBP APPLICATIONS
5WHY NATURAL REFRIGERANTS?

HIGH GWP HFC’s

LOW GWP HFC’sHC’s

A1
Not flammable

A2L
Mildly flammable

A3
Highly flammable

ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT

BadGood

Excellent

REFRIGERANT
COSTRef

Very high*NormalCOMPRESSORTHERMAL REGIME

Ref

HigherLower

INVESTMENTS
FOR SAFETY

Ref

Yes

Yes

SYSTEM
EFFICIENCY

Ref

HigherMuch higher

CHARGE LIMIT(IEC, EN60335-2-89)No

150 g**

150 g**SAFETY
CLASSHydrocarbons
Are a final solution
to meet F-Gas
regulations* Not yet in mass production** Pending adoption of higher charge with local agencies

6WHY NATURAL REFRIGERANTS?

EFFICIENCY COMPARISONTHERMAL REGIME EVALUATION% / Superheating 22.2 ºC / Middle point basedºC / Superheating 22.2 ºC / Dew point based

114%

99.0

112%
108%

112%

98.8

97.6

108%

107% 108% 107%

106%

89.6

105% 105%

89.4

90.2

90.1

86.5

104%
100%

96.9

96.7

90.3

86.2

87.5

100%

100%

79.5
76.1

-10 / 45 ºC-20 / 45 ºC-12 / 45-30 / 45 ºC

R404A

Propane (R290) is the best inefficiency and lower TCO

A2L #1A2L #2A2L #3-20 / 45
Evap/cond (ºC)

-30 / 45

R290

Lower operating temperatures leadto longer compressor life
7

WHY NATURAL REFRIGERANTS?
The main advantages of R290 vs A2L alternatives:
Excellent thermodynamic efficiency= Higher COP, lower indirect impact

Low discharge temperature= Higher reliability, larger envelope

No temperature glide= Simple heat exchanger design

Low refrigerant charge= Higher resistance to liquid return

Natural refrigerant with low price= Lower production and service cost

Extremely low GWP= Very low direct impact, future proofLower operating pressures= In EU easier PED compliance

Except CO2, All Low GWP alternatives are flammable (A2L, A2, A3),
Code and Standards Requires An Urgent Revision
8REFRIGERANT TRENDS
1. F-Gas
EPA federal regulation on HFCs: Following AIM Act updated regulation suppose tofollow California ruling based on SNAP 20-21.
SNAP 20-21 (state level): R448A/R449A/R513A (relevant for FR and walk-incoolers) are in compliance - 8 states approved and 7 on going
CARB: 2019 - New Equip. (plug-in, distributed) <50lbs -> GWP <1400;
2022 - New Equip. (plug-in, distributed) >50lbs -> GWP <150;
1. Safety
UL/CSA 60335-2-89 - ref. charge increase (date TBD):
R290 -> 300g w/ doors / 500g w/o doors;
A2L – approx 2.3kg w/ doors / approx 3.8kg w/o doors
Ashrae 15 to be updated to allow flammables – in progress. Building Codes tofollow in 2022 to be allowed in US
1. F-Gas
Under Kigali amendment. HFC ban by 2040
1. Safety
IEC 60335-2-89: charge increase. R290 < 500g; A2L < 1.2kg. Already in force in BR

There are a significant number of regulations taking place in different regions, with a focus on increasing the charge offlammable refrigerants (R290 and A2L’s), GWP reduction.
9REFRIGERANT TRENDS
1. F-gas
F-Gas: 2020: >2500 GWP ban, in 2022
>150 GWP ban for refrigerators and freezers forstorage, display or distribution of products in retail andfood service for hermetically sealed systems.
Regulation update expected in 2021.
1. Safety
EN 60335-2-89: expected final vte by July 2021, ref.
charge increase under European harmonization
process by mid 2022. R290 < 500g; A2L < 1.2kg.

1. F-Gas
HFC regulation: Ozone Protection Law, From 1st ofJanuary 2019, manufacturers and importers of HFC’s
must receive permission and obtain a quota inadvance from the Ministry of Economy, Trade andIndustries (METI).
1. Safety
IEC 60335-2-89: charge increase not yet published(date tbc) . R290 < 500g; A2L < 1.2kg.

1. F-Gas
Under Kigali amendment. HFC ban by 2040
1. Safety
Australia and New Zealand the AS/NZS 60335.2.89
already in force: R290 < 500g; A2L < 1.2kg.

There are a significant number of regulations taking place in different regions, with a focus on increasing the charge offlammable refrigerants (R290 and A2L’s), GWP reduction.
10REFRIGERANTS LANDSCAPE
Europe
China

LAR

NAR
R600a / R290

R600a / R290

R134a / R290 / R600a

Merchandisers

R290

R134a / R290

R290

R134a / R290
R134a / R290 (APA only) / (R1234yf -VM e R600a - bottle coolers )Food Service

R290

R290 / R600a

R134a / R290

R290

1R290

R134a / R404A / R290

R134a /R404A

R134a / R404A/ A1 Blends – (R1234yf )R134a/f/R404A (R1234y)

R134a/ A1 Blends / R290 (R1234yf)

R290 / CO2 / A2L
R404A / R452A / R290 / CO2 / R407C

Food Retail³

R404A / R134a / R290 / CO2

R134a / R404A

A1 Blends

R404A / CO2

R404A/A1 Blends/CO2
R134a/ R404A / A1 Blends/ R290/ CO2

R134a / R404A / R290 / CO2

2015

2020

R290 / CO2 / A2L

A1 Blends / R290 / CO22022¹A2Ls can be an alternative for larger sizes blast chillers . Cold rooms will be divided between A2L and R290 and few with CO2.
²R290 also R600a will be present for small applications³Above 2HP A2L will have more relevance.
A1Blends: R448A, R449A, R452A, R513A
A2L: R454C, R455A

2030
Future proofsolution
11

ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS
Properties
BASE

R404A
(HFC)

ALT.

GWP

Glide

MBP

LBP

R452A

2140

3K

Approved - same envelope

Approved - same envelope

R448A

1386

4K

Conditional approval NEU/NT/NJ

Conditional approval NEU/NT/NJ(-15 to 0°C)(-30 to -10°C)1397

4K

Conditional approval NEU/NT/NJ

Conditional approval NEU/NT/NJ(-15 to 0°C)(-30 to -10°C)

R513A

631

0.5K

Approved - same envelope

Approved - same envelope

R450A

597

0.5K

Approved - same envelope

Approved - same envelope

R454C

146

8K

Planned approval

146

11K

Planned approval<10K

Approved - Same envelope

Approved - Same envelope

Approved - Same envelope

Approved - Same envelope

R449A
R134a
(HFC)

R404A
(HFC)

R455A

R134a

R1234yf

(HFC)

HC

Saf.
Class

Embraco

A1

A2L

R290

A330KR744

A110K

Same envelope
2018: A3 and A2L = Maximum refrigerant charge 150gr
2019: A3=0.5kg and A2L=1.2kg - Proposal under final IEC voteRestricted envelope
Planned approval
12

NEW IEC CHARGE – Updated
LIMIT FOR FLAMMABLES – IEC 60335-2-89 (2021)•UL (Underwriters Laboratories) has approved a second edition of the UL 60335-2-89 standard, including higher chargelimits for hydrocarbon and A2L (less flammable) refrigerants.
•The new UL standard raises the charge limit in commercial plug-in display cases to 13 times the LFL (lowerflammability limit) of a refrigerant – or 500g for propane (R290) – but only for open appliances (without doors)• It raises the charge limit for closed appliances with doors and/or drawers to eight times the LFL of the flammable
refrigerant (300g for R290). The prior limit for flammable refrigerants in commercial cases – used in millions of installedcases globally – was 150g.
•A higher charge limit for R290 in commercial cases has long been considered necessary for wider adoption of theequipment in U.S. supermarkets. It will allow fewer compressors and condensing units to be used in cases, loweringcosts and increasing energy efficiency, observers say.
13NEW IEC CHARGE
LIMIT FOR FLAMMABLES – IEC 60335-2-89 (2019)• Max refrigerant charge for each circuit 13*LFL, but not more than 1,2kg, (eg.500g of R290, 1,2kg R32).
• Requirements for systems up to 150 g are not changing. They are the same as with previous standard.
• Cold Rooms are not part of the scope with any refrigerante.
• Remote Systems with more then 150 g of flammables are excluded from the scope of this new edition• Commercial Ice Makers are now part of the standard scope.

14

NEW IEC CHARGE
LIMIT FOR FLAMMABLES – IEC 60335-2-89 (2019)
Main new requirements above 150g of charge:• Refrigeration circuit has to be hermetically sealed Refrigerant-containing parts shall be protected and not be anaccessible part
• Appliance shall be constructed to not cause excessive vibration or resonance,• Appliance shall be marked with the minimum room floor area in which the appliance is permitted to be installed(With some exceptions),
215

NEW IEC CHARGE
LIMIT FOR FLAMMABLES – IEC 60335-2-89 (2019)
Main new requirements above 150g of charge:• The main factor used to minimize the creation of a flammable mixture
arround the appliance is the air-flow or/and specific design features.

• Appliance shall be constructed such that a leak of refrigerant shall not result in a
flammable refrigerant concentration surrounding the appliance , by passing thetest of Annex CC.

• Testing includes doors/drawers opening test after full charge releaseinside closed cabinet.

16

CONCLUSIONS•New Edition of IEC 60335-2-89 was published in 2019. It was a huge achievement on the path to meet KigaliAmendment and becomes a reference standard for all regional and national legislation to mitigate global warming.

• In US approved IEC standard will be the base for equivalent UL standard with some modification based on AHRI recentstudies on A3 and A2L safety class refrigerants probably with different charge limits then IEC standard.

• In EU, Ed.3 of IEC standard 60335-2-89 is going to become EN60335-2-89: not earlier than 2022.
• In Japan IEC standard is going to be translated into Japanese with deviations based of JIRIA safety studies to become JIS9335-2-89.
• Once the new edition of the standard is part of country/region standardization system to become applicable has to beadopted by country/region legislation, eg. EU harmonized standards list or in US by EPA.

17

US/Canada Product Safety Standards Status• UL 60335-2-89 and CSA C22.2 60335-2-89 update was prepared by CANENA Working Group 12•2nd Edition of both standards will replace:
UL 1995 / CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 236 Heating and Cooling Equipment
CSA C22.2 No.120 Refrigeration Equipment
UL 471 Commercial Refrigeration and Freezers
UL 427 Refrigerating UnitsUL 412 Refrigeration Unit Coolers•New UL -89 Standard edition was published on Oct,27 2021
•To enter in force it has to be declared acceptable by EPA and then considered by Ashrae 15 Standard and Building
Codes.

18

The major scope differences between IEC and UL/CSA 60335-2-89

19

Charge Limits For Class A2L and A3 (UL ed.2 vs IEC ed.3)

20

PIONEER in solutions with natural refrigerants
Energy efficiency: robust portfolio with low energy
consumption
Deep expertise: tailor-made solutions for the systemneeds.
Reliability: product life extension
High-quality and high performance

1 in 5 hermetic
compressors used in
the world are
Embraco40% in Light
Commercial
Equipments
2121

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