ࠗᅜ㝿ᆅᇦ⤒῭◊✲࠘➨  ྕ)HESS

ࣆࢵࢳࣥࢢ࣭ࣜࢧ࣮ࢳࢆ㏻ࡌࡓᐇド◊◊✲ࡢࡢⓎᒎࡢ
ྍ⬟ᛶ࡟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࢧ࣮࣋࢖࡜ᒎᮃ
ྡྂᒇᕷ❧኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔⤒῭Ꮫ◊✲⛉ ᆏ࿴⚽᫭せ᪨ᮏ✏࡛ࡣᖜᗈ࠸♫఍⛉Ꮫศ㔝ࡢᐇド◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ୖ࡛᭷⏝࡞ࣆࢵࢳࣥࢢ࣭ࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ㸦3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡑࡢᡭἲࢆ⤂௓࣭ゎㄝࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࡑࡢ◊✲ࡢ౑⏝ྍ⬟ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᴫㄝࢆ⾜࠸ࡑࡢᡭἲࡢ᭷
⏝ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᴫほࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡎ3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࡀ㈐௵࠶ࡿ⛉Ꮫ㸦5HVSRQVLEOH
6FLHQFH㸧ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ◊✲ィ⏬᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⌮ᛕࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋḟ࡟3LWFKLQJ
5HVHDUFK ࡢᡭἲ࡜ࡋ࡚5HYHUVH(QJLQHHULQJ3LWFK5HSOLFDWLRQ3LWFK2ULJLQDO3LWFKࡢ  ✀㢮࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡑࡢヲ⣽ࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࢆ⾜࠺◊✲ィ⏬඲య࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡲ࡜ࡵࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ௒ᚋࡢᒎᮃ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞஦๓ࡢ◊✲ィ⏬ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ◊✲ࢫࢱ࢖ࣝࡀᗈࡲࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾⱝᡭ◊✲⪅ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ከࡃࡢ◊✲⪅ࡢ◊✲Ⓨᒎ࡟㈨ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

㸯㸬ࡣࡣࡌࡵ࡟
㏆ᖺ⤒῭Ꮫ࣭⤒ႠᏛศ㔝ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓ♫఍⛉Ꮫࡢศ㔝࡛ࡣ௻ᴗ࣭ࣞ࣋ࣝᕷሙ࣭ࣞ࣋ࣝᐙィࣞ࣋ࣝ࡞࡝
࡛ࡢᵝࠎ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ฼⏝ྍ⬟ᛶࡀᗈࡀࡾᐇド◊✲ࡢỗ⏝ᛶࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣୗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᐇド◊✲ࡢㄽᩥࡣቑ኱ࡢ୍㏵ࢆ㎺ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛㈐௵࠶ࡿ⛉Ꮫ㸦5HVSRQVLEOH6FLHQFH㸧࡜ࡋ࡚ᡂࡾ❧ࡘࡓࡵࡢᐇド◊✲ࡢ༑ศ࡞᮲௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡍࡇ࡜ࡀᅔ㞴࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ἣ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦)DIIDE㸧ࠋࠕ㈐௵࠶ࡿ⛉Ꮫ㸦5HVSRQVLEOH6FLHQFH㸧
ࠖ࡜ࡣ௨ୗࡢ  ᮲௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡍ◊✲࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦)DIIDE㸧ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕձಙ㢗ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ◊✲㸦&UHGLEOH5HVHDUFK㸧࡛࠶ࡾղጇᙜᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ◊✲㸦5HOHYDQW5HVHDUFK㸧࡛࠶ࡾճ⊂❧ࡋࡓ◊✲㸦,QGHSHQGHQW5HVHDUFK㸧࡛࠶ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋձಙ㢗ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ◊✲࡜ࡣࠕ◊✲ୖࡢ㈉⊩ࢆጇᙜ࡞⛉Ꮫⓗ᪉ἲㄽ࡛♧ࡋࡓ◊✲ࠖ࡟࡞ࡿࠋղጇᙜᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ◊✲࡜ࡣࠕಙ㢗ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ◊✲ୖࡢ㈉⊩ࡀ◊✲ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕࣮ࢆ㉺࠼࡚㠀◊✲ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕࣮ࡢࢫࢸ࣮ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮࡟ࡶ᭷⏝࡞◊✲࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋճ⊂❧ࡋࡓ◊✲࡜ࡣࠕಙ㢗ᛶ࣭ጇᙜᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ◊✲ୖࡢ㈉⊩ࡀࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࡢ࡞࠸▱㆑࡜ࡋ࡚♧ࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ࡟
◊✲ୖࡢබṇᛶ㸦5HVHDUFK,QWHJULW\㸧ࢆ‶ࡓࡋࡓ◊✲࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ⤒῭Ꮫ࣭⤒ႠᏛศ㔝࡟࠾ࡅ
- 35 -

ࡿ࢔࢝ࢹ࣑࢔࡟ᦠࢃࡿ◊✲⪅ࡀ▱ࡢ⏕⏘⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ୖ㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕ㈐௵࠶ࡿ⛉Ꮫࠖࡢせ௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡋࡓᐇドㄽᩥࢆᇳ➹ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ୍ᐃࡢ᪉ἲㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ᪉ࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࠋࡑࡢព࿡࡛3LWFKLQJ
5HVHDUFK ࡜࠸࠺◊✲ࣉ࣏࣮ࣟࢨࣝࢆ஦๓࡟సᡂࡋ࡚◊✲ࢳ࣮࣒ෆ࡛༑ศ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ◊✲ᡭἲࡀ☜❧ࡉࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࠋ3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࡣ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡢⴭྡ࡞ࣇ࢓࢖ࢼࣥ
ࢫ◊✲⪅࡛࠶ࡿ 5REHUW)DII ᩍᤵࡀᵓ⠏ࡋࡓ◊✲ᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡾ)DII  ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡑࡢࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࢵࢺࡀ
☜❧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢ◊✲ᡭἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ࢔ࢵࣉࢹ࣮ࢺࡀ⥆࠸࡚࠾ࡾ᭱᪂ࡢ◊✲᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡓ࡜࠼
ࡤ6651 6RFLDO6FLHQFH5HVHDUFK1HWZRUN ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡛ࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩ࣮ࣙࣥ࣌ࣃ࣮ࡀබ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦)DIIF㸧ࠋᮏ✏ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏆᪥ࡢ⤒῭Ꮫ࣭⤒ႠᏛศ㔝ࡢ◊✲࡛㔜どࡉࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࠕ㈐௵࠶
ࡿ⛉Ꮫ㸦5HVSRQVLEOH6FLHQFH㸧
ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢㄽᩥࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ◊✲ᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡿ 3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⤂௓ࢆ⾜࠺࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࡑࡢ⌧ᐇⓗ࡞฼⏝ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᒎᮃࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࡟ࡣ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢά⏝᪉ἲࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎ኱Ꮫ㝔⏕ࡸ࣏ࢫࢺࢻࢡࢱ࣮ࡢ◊✲⪅࡞࡝࠸ࢃࡺࡿⱝᡭ◊✲⪅ 1RYLFH5HVHDUFKHU ࡀά⏝ࡍࡿ஦౛ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠋⱝᡭ◊✲⪅ࡢሙྜ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ◊✲⪅ࡢ◊✲ᣦᑟࢆཷࡅ࡞ࡀࡽ◊✲ࢆ⾜࠸ࡑࡢ㐣⛬࡛࣋ࢸࣛࣥ◊✲⪅ࡢࣀ࢘ࣁ࢘ࢆᏛࡧ࡞ࡀࡽㄽᩥࡢసᡂ᪉ἲࢆ
㌟࡟ࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽㄽᩥసᡂࡢࣀ࢘ࣁ࢘ࢆ༑ศ࡟▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ◊✲⪅࡯࡝◊✲ᣦᑟ࡟᫬㛫ࢆ๭ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡿ㸦)DII㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣࢆᨵၿࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟
◊✲࢔࢖ࢹ࢔ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿⱝᡭ◊✲⪅ࢆ 3LWFKHU◊✲࢔࢖ࢹ࢔ࢆ⪺࠸ࡓୖ࡛ࡑࡢෆᐜࢆㄽᩥసᡂ࡟⤖ࡧࡘࡃࡼ࠺࡟࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢫࢆࡍࡿഃࢆ 3LWFKHH ࡜ࡋ࡚◊✲࢔࢖ࢹ࢔ࢆᕠࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ෇⁥໬ࢆᅗࡿ᪉ἲㄽ࡜ࡋ࡚᭷ຠ࡟ά⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ )DII ࠋḟ࡟ⱝᡭ◊✲⪅ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ◊✲⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶ◊✲࢔࢖ࢹ࢔ࢆㄽᩥ࡟ࡍࡿ๓ࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡢ◊✲ࣉ࣏࣮ࣟࢨࣝసᡂ᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ᙺ❧ࡘࠋ◊✲ㄽᩥࢆసᡂࡍࡿ๓࡟◊✲ィ⏬ࢆ◊✲ࣉ࣏࣮ࣟࢨࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚సᡂࡍ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ,ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜ,ࠕ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣉ࣏࣮ࣟࢨࣝࢆసࡿ࠿㸽ࠖ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ,ࡑࡢศ㔞࣭ෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚,◊✲⪅㛫࡛⤫୍ࡋࡓぢゎࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜ,◊✲ࣉ࣏࣮ࣟࢨࣝ࡜
ࡋ࡚,ᚲせ༑ศ࡞ 10 㡯┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚,ⱥᩥ :RUGV ⛬ᗘ࡛ࡢࣉ࣏࣮ࣟࢨࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࢵࢺࢆసᡂࡋ࡚
సࡿࡇ࡜࡛,◊✲ࡢ࢔࢖ࢹ࢔࡟ࡘ࠸࡚,ࡼࡾ⢭⦓࡟⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ 1ࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟ᵝࠎ࡞ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ◊✲࡟3LWFKLQJ6KHHW ࡢά⏝ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤⴭྡ࡞ඛ⾜◊✲ࢆ༑ศ࡟⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ 5HYHUVH(QJLQHHULQJ3LWFKⴭྡ࡞ඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ෌⌧ᛶࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ 5HSOLFDWLRQ3LWFK࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ࢜ࣜࢪࢼࣝࡢ◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ◊✲ィ⏬ࢆసᡂࡋࡑࡢෆᐜࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠺Ⅽ
ࡢ 3LWFKLQJ&RPSHWLWLRQ ࡞࡝ୡ⏺ⓗ࡟ࡶከࡃࡢ◊✲⪅࣭◊✲ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕࣮࡛ࡢ౑⏝ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⌧≧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࡢᡭἲࢆ༑ศ࡟ά⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛◊✲άືࡢ⏕⏘ᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡣⱝᡭ◊✲⪅ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎከࡃࡢሙྜⱝᡭ◊✲⪅ࡢᑟࡁᡭ࡜࡞ࡿ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ◊✲⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶព⩏㇦ᕞ࣭ࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻ࡛ࡣ$)$$1= $FFRXQWLQJ )LQDQFH$VVRFLDWLRQRI$XVWUDOLDDQG1HZ=HDODQG ࡜࠸ࡗࡓᏛ఍
࡛ࡢ◊✲ຓᡂ㔠㸦*UDQWV㸧ࡢ⏦ㄳ࡟ࡶ3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࡢ )RUPDW ࡀྲྀࡾධࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㏆ᖺࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ$)$$1= ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ◊✲ຓᡂ㔠ࡢ⋓ᚓ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟᭷⏝࠿ࡢ࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ࡞࡝ࡶィ⏬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦*LOOHWDO㸧ࠋ
2 3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣୡ⏺୰࡛  ᅇ௨ୖࡢㅮ₇ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦)DIIF㸧
ࠋ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣྡྂᒇᕷ❧኱Ꮫ୺ദࡢ 1&85HVHDUFK:RUNVKRSRQ$FFRXQWLQJ)LQDQFH ࡟࠾࠸࡚ ᖺ  ᭶࡟ึࡵ࡚ࡢㅮ₇ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ


- 36 -

῝࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟ព㆑࠿ࡽᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㈐௵࠶ࡿ⛉Ꮫ㸦5HVSRQVLEOH6FLHQFH㸧ࡢせ௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡍࡓࡵࡢ◊✲άືࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟᭷┈࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ 3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࡢᡭἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢゎㄝࢆ⾜࠺ࠋᮏ✏ࡢᵓᡂࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ➨  ❶࡟࠾࠸࡚3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࡢ᪉ἲㄽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡑࡢඛ⾜◊✲㸦)DII)DIIF㸧
࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ➹⪅ࡢ⌮ゎࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓゎㄝࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ➨  ❶࡟࠾࠸࡚ᐇ㝿ࡢ 3LWFKLQJ
5HVHDUFK ࡢά⏝᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟➨  ❶࡟࠾࠸࡚ᮏ✏ࢆ⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅ࡚⤖ࡧ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ


㸰㸬33LWFKLQJ5HHVHDUFK ࡢ᪉ἲㄽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࡢ᪉ἲㄽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚)DII  )DII F ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚㆟ㄽࢆᒎᮃࡍࡿࠋ
3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࡜ࡣࠕ◊✲ࡢ࢔࢖ࢹ࢔ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ 㡯┠࡟ศࡅ࡚ࡑࡢෆᐜࢆ⡆₩࡞◊✲ࣉ࣏࣮ࣟࢨ
ࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛◊✲ㄽᩥࡢᇳ➹๓ࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡢ◊✲ࡢᵓ᝿ࢆ᫂☜࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㡯┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ࡜࠸࠺࢝࢘ࣥࢺࢲ࢘ࣥࢆ⾜࠺ࡼ࠺࡟◊✲ෆᐜࢆࡼࡾ᫂☜࡟ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡇ
࡜࡛◊✲࢔࢖ࢹ࢔ࢆᩚ⌮ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ┠ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ❶࡛ࡣ࢝࢘ࣥࢺࢲ࢘ࣥ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡜⛠ࡉࢀࡿ  㡯┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࢝࢘ࣥࢺࢲ࢘ࣥࡢ㡰␒࡟㸲Ⅼ࡟ศࡅ࡚㡰ḟࡑࡢㄝ᫂ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋᑦ)DII  ➼࡛⤂௓ࡉࢀࡿᐇド◊✲௨እࡢ㉁ⓗ◊✲࡟㛵ᚰࡢ࠶ࡿ◊✲⪅ࡢሙྜ㉁ⓗ◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ 3LWFKLQJ7HPSODWH㸦4XDOLWDWLYH
3LWFKLQJ7HPSODWH㸧ࢆ/RGKLD  ࡛ᥦ᱌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࡑࡢ᭷ຠ࡞ά⏝᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ/RGKLD ࡸ )DII  ࡞࡝ࢆཧ↷㡬ࡅࡤヲࡋࡃㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡑࡕࡽࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ
㸰㸬㸯◊✲ィ⏬‽ഛࡢࡓࡵࡢ㸲㡯┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
ࡲࡎ◊✲ィ⏬ࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛᭱ࡶᇶᮏⓗ࡟‽ഛࡍ࡭ࡁ  㡯┠ 3UHOLPLQDU\IRXULWHPV ࡣ௨ୗࡢ
$  %  &  ' ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸦$㸧:RUNLQJ7LWOH ◊✲ࡢ㢟ྡ 㸦%㸧%DVLF5HVHDUFK4XHVWLRQ ᇶᮏⓗ࡞◊✲ୖࡢၥ࠸ 㸦&㸧.H\3DSHUV ◊✲࡟ᐦ᥋࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿ㔜せ࡞ඛ⾜◊✲  ' 0RWLYDWLRQ3X]]OH ◊✲ࡢືᶵ࣭◊✲࡛᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ࠸ㅦ ࡢ  㡯┠࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡎ㸦$㸧࡛ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ⾜࠺◊✲ࡢ㢟ྡࢆࡘࡅࡿࠋㄽᩥࢆᢞ✏ࡋࡓ⤒㦂ࡢ࠶ࡿ◊✲⪅ࡢሙྜ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࠕ◊✲ࡢ㢟ྡࠖࢆࡘࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᝎࢇࡔ⤒㦂ࢆᣢࡘேࡣከ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ◊✲ㄽᩥࢆᢞ✏ࡋࡓ㝿࡟ᢞ✏ㄽᩥࢆᰝㄞ࡟ᅇࡍ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ⦅㞟⪅㸦(GLWRU㸧ཬࡧࡑࡢᑂᰝࢆ⾜࠺ᰝㄞ⪅㸦5HYLHZHU㸧ࡢ཮᪉ࡣࠕ◊✲ࡢ㢟ྡࠖࢆぢ࡚ࠕ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄽᩥ࡞ࡢ࠿㸽ࠖ࡜࠸࠺࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆᣢࡘ ࠋࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࠕ◊✲ࡢ㢟ྡࠖ࡜ࠕᐇ
㝿ࡢ◊✲ෆᐜࠖࡀࡎࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡑࡢ◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᝏ࠸࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆᣢࡘྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚◊✲ෆᐜࢆ㐺ษ࡟⾲ࡍࡓࡵࡢ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻࢆྵࡴ㢟ྡࢆࡘࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⫢せ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
ḟ࡟㸦%㸧࡛ࡣ◊✲ィ⏬࡛ࡣࠕఱࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ࠸ࡢ࠿㸽ࠖࢆ᫂☜࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࠕ◊✲ୖࡢၥ࠸ࠖࢆ ᩥ࡛⾲ࡍ ࠋⱝᡭ◊✲⪅ࡢሙྜ◊✲ィ⏬ࢆ❧࡚ࡿ᫬࡟ከࡃࡢⅬࢆྵࡵࡓ」㞧࡞ၥ࠸ࢆ❧࡚ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋ
3➹⪅ࡣᰝㄞ௜ࡁ㞧ㄅࡢ +HOL\RQ ୪ࡧ࡟ $VLDQ$FDGHP\0DQDJHPHQW-RXUQDORI$FFRXQWLQJ )LQDQFH ࡢ $VVRFLDWH(GLWRU㸦๪⦅㞟㛗㸧ࢆົࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ㝿ࠕㄡ࡟ᰝㄞࢆᅇࡍ࠿㸽ࠖࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࡣࡲࡎࠕ◊✲ࡢ㢟ྡࠖࢆぢ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄽᩥ
࠿ࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆᣢࡗ࡚⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋ
1&85HVHDUFK:RUNVKRSRQ$FFRXQWLQJ )LQDQFH ࡢሙ࡛ࡣᐇド◊✲࡛ࡣ௬ㄝࢆ」ᩘ᳨ドࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࡢ࡛ ᩥ࡛ࠕၥ࠸ࠖࢆ⾲ࡍࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿㸽࡜ࡢ㉁ၥࡀ᪥ᮏࡢ◊✲⪅࡟ࡼࡾ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ୺せ࡞௬ㄝ࡟⤠ࡗ
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࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣవࡾ࡟ࡶ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ၥ࠸ࢆ❧࡚࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࠕ㐣ཤࡢ◊✲࡛ࡢၥ࠸࡜ఱࡀ㐪࠺ࡢ࠿㸽ࠖ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࡀ᭕᫕࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ሙྜࡶከ࠸ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚◊✲ẁ㝵࡛ࡑࡢ◊✲ࡣࠕఱࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ࠸ࡢ࠿㸽ࠖ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࢆ⡆₩࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛◊✲ࡢ᪉ྥᛶࢆ᫂☜࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
 Ⅼ┠࡟㸦&㸧࡛ࡣ⮬㌟ࡢ◊✲࡟ᐦ᥋࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿ  ᮏࡢ㔜せ࡛᪂ࡋ࠸◊✲ࢆ᫂♧ࡍࡿࠋୡࡢ୰ࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ
࡝ࡢ◊✲ࡣ᪤Ꮡ◊✲ࡢᘏ㛗⥺ୖ࡟࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚⮬㌟ࡢ◊✲ࡀࠕ࡝ࡢ◊✲࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
࠿㸽ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚➨  ⪅࡟ࡶ᫂☜࡟ศ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ ᮏࡢ㔜せ࡞ඛ⾜◊✲ࢆᣲࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕ ᮏ࡛ࡶⰋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿㸽ࠖ࡜࠸࠺␲ၥࢆᣢࡓࢀࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ ࠋ≉࡟᪥ᮏࡢᐇド◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ሙྜ⡿ᅜ➼ࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࡑࢀࢆ᪥ᮏ࡟㐺⏝ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ◊✲ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞
◊✲࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ࢜ࣜࢪࢼࣝ࡞◊✲࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣ᫖௒⤒῭Ꮫ࣭⤒ႠᏛࡢศ㔝࡛ቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࣞࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙ
ࣥ㸦5HSOLFDWLRQ㸧ࡢ◊✲࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ ࠋࣞࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ◊✲ࡢሙྜ෌⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᇶㄽᩥ࡜࡞ࡿ࢜
ࣜࢪࢼࣝ࡞◊✲࡛ࡣࡑࡢ᫬Ⅼࡢከࡃࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࡀㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋࡑࡢព࿡࡛࢜
ࣜࢪࢼࣝ࡞◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ሙྜ࡟ࡣ ᮏ⛬ᗘࡢ㐣ཤࡢ㔜せ࠿ࡘ᭱᪂ࡢ◊✲࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࡋ
࠸㸦)DII㸧ࠋ Ⅼ┠ࡢ㸦'㸧ࡣ㸦$㸧࠿ࡽ㸦&㸧࡛సᡂࡋࡓࠕ㐣ཤࡢ㔜せ◊✲࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ◊✲ィ⏬⊂⮬ࡢၥ࠸ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸
࡚ࠕఱᨾࡑࡢၥ࠸ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡞ࡢ࠿㸽ࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕࡑࡢၥ࠸ࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛᪤Ꮡ◊✲࡛ゎ᫂ࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓㅦ㸦3X]]OH㸧ࢆゎ࡛᫂ࡁࡿࡢ࠿㸽ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓⅬࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋከࡃࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡟ࡣ◊✲ୖࡢ㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ࡾゎ᫂ࡋࡁࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠕㅦࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡢࡲࡔゎ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠕㅦࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢゎ᫂ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓⅬࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜࡛ㄞࡳᡭ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚◊✲ィ⏬ࡢ㔜せᛶࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿࠋ㸰㸬㸰ᐇド◊✲ィ⏬‽ഛࡢࡓࡵࡢ㸱㡯┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
࢝࢘ࣥࢺࢲ࢘ࣥࡢࠕ㸱ࠖࡢẁ㝵࡛⏝ពࡍ࡭ࡁ㸱㡯┠ࡣ㸦(㸧,GHD㸦◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢලయⓗ࡞⪃࠼㸧 ) 'DWD ◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿୖ࡛ᚲせ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱ 㸦*㸧7RRO ᐇド◊✲ୖࡢᡭἲ ࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡎ ( ,GHD ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ◊✲‽ഛࡢⅭࡢ㸲㡯┠࡛ࡲ࡜ࡵࡓⅬࢆࡼࡾලయⓗ࡟ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ◊✲ୖࡢࠕㅦࠖࡀ࠶ࡿ
ሙྜඛ⾜◊✲࡟ࡣᑐ❧ⓗ㸦&RQIOLFWLQJ㸧࡞⪃࠼᪉࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᐇド⤖ᯝࡀᑟฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶከ࠸ࠋࡑࡢ
ሙྜࡣࡑࢀࡽࡢ㸰ᮏࡢᑐ❧ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡋࡓୖ࡛⮬㌟ࡢ◊✲ィ⏬࡛ࡣࠕ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟
ࡑࡢᑐ❧ⓗ࡞⪃࠼᪉࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ㆟ㄽ࡟㈉⊩ࡍࡿᐇド◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺࠿㸽ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓⅬࢆグ㏙ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇ
ࢀࡽࡢᑐ❧ⓗ࡞⪃࠼᪉ࢆ⤫ྜࡋࡓ᪂ࡓ࡞ぢ᪉ࢆᑟฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࠋ
㏆ᖺࡢከࡃࡢᐇド◊✲࡛ࡣࠕ௬ㄝᵓ⠏ᆺࠖࡢ◊✲࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑐ❧ⓗ࡞ඛ⾜◊✲ࡀ࠶ࡿศ㔝࡟㈉⊩࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠕ௬ㄝࠖࢆᵓ⠏࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
࡚ၥ࠸ࢆసࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡲࡎࡣ◊✲ࡢෆᐜࢆศ࠿ࡾࡸࡍࡃఏ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せࡔ࡜ࡢ᪨ࡢᅇ⟅ࡀ )DII ᩍᤵࡼࡾ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
1&8DQG&KXEX-60(5HVHDUFK:RUNVKRSRQ$FFRXQWLQJ )LQDQFH ࡢሙ࡛ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞㉁ၥࡀⴭྡ࡞᪥ᮏࡢ◊✲⪅࠿ࡽ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࡣ᪥ᮏࡢࣇ࢓࢖ࢼࣥࢫ◊✲ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕࣮ࡢ୰࡛ࡣ◊✲ィ⏬ࢆ❧࡚ࡿ㝿࡟୺せ࡞ඛ⾜◊✲ࡢᮏᩘࢆᑡ࡞ࡵ࡟ࡍࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ୺せ࡞ඛ⾜◊✲ࢆᑡ࡞ࡵ㸦 ᮏ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ  ᮏ㸧࡟ࡋࡓሙྜ◊✲ࡢᵓ᝿ẁ㝵࡛ィ⏬୰ࡢㄽᩥ࡜㐣ཤࡢ㔜せ࡞ඛ⾜◊✲ࡢᖐ⤖࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡀ༑ศ࡟ㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ࡞࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ ᮏ࡟ࡋࡓ᪉ࡀ࠸࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀࡑࡢሙ࡛ࡢ)DII ᩍᤵࡢᅇ⟅࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
6 7RS-RXUQDO ࡛࠶ࡿ⤒῭Ꮫศ㔝ࡢ $PHULFDQ(FRQRPLF-RXUQDO⤒ႠᏛศ㔝ࡢ 6WUDWHJLF0DQDJHPHQW-RXUQDO ࡞࡝࡛ࡶᩘከ
ࡃࡢࣞࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ◊✲ㄽᩥࡢฟ∧ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ


- 38 -㸦)㸧'DWD ࡛ࡣ㸦(㸧,'($ ࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆධᡭࡍࡿ࠿㸽࡜࠸ࡗࡓⅬࢆグ㏙ࡍࡿࠋ఍ィ࣭ࣇ࢓࢖ࢼࣥࢫศ㔝࡛ࡣከࡃࡢሙྜ௻ᴗࡢබ㛤ࢹ࣮ࢱᕷሙࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡞࡝ࢆၟᴗ࣋ࣥࢲ࣮㸦᪥⤒࣓ࢹ࢕࢔࣐࣮ࢣࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ4XLFN㔠⼥ࢹ࣮ࢱࢯ࣮ࣜࣗࢩࣙࣥࢬᮾὒ⤒῭᪂ሗ♫)DFW6HW&RPSXVWDW㸧࡞࡝࠿ࡽྲྀᚓࡋ࡚ศᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡼࡾヲ⣽࡞ேࡢ⾜ື࡟㛵ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠕ㉁ⓗࢹ࣮ࢱࠖࢆධᡭࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡑࡢሙྜࡣ௻ᴗ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ࡞࡝ࡢᡭἲ࡛ධᡭࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸦*UDKDPDQG
+DUYH\ ➼㸧ࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⤒ႠᏛศ㔝ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࢹ࣮ࢱࢆධᡭࡍࡿሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦*㸧
7RRO ࡛ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᐇド◊✲ୖࡢᡭἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ㝿⤒῭Ꮫ࣭⤒ႠᏛࡢศ㔝࡛ࡣࠕᅉᯝ᥎ㄽࠖࡀ㔜せどࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠕ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ㛫ࡢᅉᯝ㛵ಀࢆ㆑ูࡍࡿ࠿㸽ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᡭἲ㑅ᢥ࡞࡝ࢆ᫂グࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜ࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ᧯సኚᩘἲ
ഴྥࢫࢥ࢔ศᯒ㸦3URSHQVLW\6FRUH0DWFKLQJ㸧ᕪศࡢᕪศศᯒ 'LIIHUHQFHLQ'LIIHUHQFH$QDO\VLV ᅇᖐ୙㐃⥆ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥἲ㸦5HJUHVVLRQ'LVFRQWLQXLW\'HVLJQ㸧࡞࡝ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋ㏆ᖺࡢࣅࢵࢡ࣭
ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢྲྀᚓࡢྍ⬟ᛶᣑ኱࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡾࡼࡾ㧗ᗘ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱศᯒࡢᡭἲࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡃྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ㸰㸬㸱㔜せ࡞㸰ࡘࡢၥ࠸
࢝࢘ࣥࢺࢲ࢘ࣥࡢࠕ2ࠖࡢẁ㝵ࡣ,㸦+㸧:KDW̓V1HZ" ◊✲ࡢ᪂つᛶ 㸦,㸧6R:KDW" ᪂つ࡟᫂ࡽ࠿࡟
ࡋࡓⅬ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ព࿡ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿㸽 ࡢ㸰Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ + :KDW̓V1HZ"ࡢ᪂つᛶ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ5HVSRQVLEOH
6FLHQFH ㈐௵࠶ࡿ⛉Ꮫ ࡢព࿡࠿ࡽ㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪤Ꮡࡢ㔜せ࡞ඛ⾜◊✲㸦㸦&㸧࡛⮬㌟ࡀ㑅ࢇࡔ .H\
3DSHUV㸧࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࠕ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ⅼ࡟᪂つᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿㸽ࠖ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࢆ᫂☜࡟ࡍࡿࠋ໚ㄽ◊✲ィ⏬ࡢẁ㝵࡞ࡢ࡛ᐇド⤖ᯝࡀศ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿヂ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠕ◊✲ィ⏬࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᐇド◊✲ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞
ព࿡࡛ඛ⾜◊✲࡜ẚ࡭࡚␗࡞ࡾ᪂つᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿㸽ࠖࢆண᝿ࡋ࡚グ㏙ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ5HVSRQVLEOH
6FLHQFH ㈐௵࠶ࡿ⛉Ꮫ ࡢほⅬ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ◊✲ィ⏬ࢆ❧࡚ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
㸦,㸧6R:KDW"࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ◊✲ୖࡢၥ࠸ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠕㄡ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᙺ❧ࡘ࠿㸽ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓⅬࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠋ᪤Ꮡࡢ⌮ㄽⓗᖐ⤖࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ᳨ドࢆ⾜ࡗࡓᐇド◊✲࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠕ⌮ㄽ◊✲ࡢ࡝ࡢ㒊ศ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡑࡢ᳨ドࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛⌮ㄽࡢጇᙜᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓ࠿㸽ࠖ
࡜࠸ࡗࡓⅬࢆ᫂グࡍࡿࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕㄡ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ᙺ❧ࡘၥ࠸࠿㸽㸦:KR&DUHV"㸧
ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓⅬࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࢥ࣮࣏࣮ࣞࢺ࣭ࣇ࢓࢖
ࢼࣥࢫศ㔝ࡢ◊✲࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠕ௻ᴗ⤒Ⴀ⪅࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᙺ❧ࡘࡢ࠿㸽ࠖࠕᰴ୺࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ᙺ❧ࡘ࠿㸽ࠖ࡞࡝ࠕᵝࠎ࡞ࢫࢸ࣮ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮ࡢㄡ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ᙺ❧ࡘ࠿㸽ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓどⅬࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
㸰㸬㸲➃ⓗ࡟ゝ࠺࡜㸽㸦2
2QH%RWWRP/LQH㸧㸧᭱ᚋ࡟࢝࢘ࣥࢺࢲ࢘ࣥ᭱ᚋࡢࠕࠖࡢ㒊ศ࡛࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㔜せ࡜࡞ࡿ㸦-㸧&RQWULEXWLRQ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚グ㏙ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ◊✲ୖࡢ㈉⊩࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᏛ⾡ㄽᩥࢆᇳ➹୰ࡢⱝᡭ◊✲⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣᚲࡎ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚
࠸࠸࡯࡝◊✲ᣦᑟ⪅࠿ࡽ᫂グࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢫࢆཷࡅࡿ㡯┠࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕ㸦+㸧᪂つᛶࡢ࠶ࡿၥ࠸࡟ࡘ࠸
࡚ゎ᫂ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ㸦,㸧ࡑࢀࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⌮ㄽࡢጇᙜᛶ࡞࡝ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ࠿㸽ࠖ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠕࡑࢀࡽࡢ
Ⅼࡀศ࠿ࡿࡇ࡜࡛◊✲ィ⏬ࡀᒓࡍࡿ◊✲ศ㔝࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㈉⊩ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࠿㸽ࠖࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
ㄽᩥࢆᇳ➹ࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࡶ᭱ᚋࡢ⤖ㄽ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㆟ㄽࡢ㒊ศ࡛ᇳ➹ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࡑࡢ㒊ศ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᭱ึ
࡟⪃࠼࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜࡛౯್࠶ࡿ◊✲ィ⏬ࢆ᏶ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿࠋ


- 39 -

㸬3LWFKLQJ5HHVHDUFK ࡢά⏝᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
ᮏ❶࡛ࡣලయⓗ࡞3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFKࡢᡭἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚◊✲άືࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟౑⏝ࡍ࡭ࡁ࠿㸽࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࠿ࡽࡑࡢ᪉ἲㄽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᐇ㝿࡟ࠕ3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ◊✲άືࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⾜ࡗࡓ࠿㸽ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ౛࠼ࡤ $OL  ࡞࡝࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࡑࡕࡽࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ
ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࢆ౑ࡗࡓᵝࠎ࡞◊✲ᡭἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⤂௓ࢆ⾜࠸ࠕ௒ᚋࡢⱝᡭ◊✲⪅࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑࡢ◊✲ᣦᑟ⪅ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟᭷ຠ࡟ά⏝ࡍ࡭ࡁ࠿㸽ࠖ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᒎᮃࢆ♧ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ⠇࡛
ࡣ5HYHUVH(QJLQHHULQJ3LWFK ࡢά⏝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝཬࡍࡿࠋḟ࡟ ⠇࡛ࡣ5HSOLFDWLRQ3LWFK ࡢά⏝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋ ⠇࡛ࡣ2ULJLQDO6WXG\ ࡢ 3LWFK ࡢά⏝᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿࠋ㸬㸬5HYHUVH(QJLQHHULQJ3LWFK ࡢά⏝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
5HYHUVH(QJLQHHULQJ3LWFK࡜ࡣ㐣ཤࡢ 7RS-RXUQDO ࡟஌ࡗࡓᘬ⏝௳ᩘࡶከ࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ⴭྡ࡞ඛ⾜◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿⅭ࡟ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ3LWFKLQJ6KHHWࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡑࡢ◊✲ࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢព⩏࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ◊✲ᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡿ )DIIHWF ࠋⱝᡭ◊✲⪅ࡀࠕ◊✲ㄽᩥࠖࢆᇳ➹ࡍࡿ㝿ࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿẁ㝵࡛ࡑࡢ㔜せ࡞ඛ⾜◊✲⮬యࡢෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚3LWFKLQJ
6KHHW ࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡑࡢ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡢព⩏ࡣ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋ5HYHUVH(QJLQHHULQJ3LWFKࡢά⏝᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ6DOHKXGXQD  ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ヲ⣽࡟ゎㄝࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠ◊✲࡛ࡣ◊✲ㄽᩥࢆᇳ➹ࡍࡿ኱Ꮫ㝔⏕ࡀ◊✲๓ࡢẁ㝵࡛⮬㌟ࡢ◊✲ࡢ୺せ࡞ඛ⾜◊✲㸦.H\3DSHUV㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿⅭࡢ
5HYHUVH(QJLQHHULQJ3LWFKࡢά⏝ࢆዡບࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉࡟.H\3DSHUV ࡢ㔜せ࡞㒊ศࢆ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࡜
.H\3DSHUV ࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞◊✲ࡢᒎ㛤᪉ἲࢆ⮬㌟ࡢ◊✲࡟⏕࠿ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿⅬࡀඃࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋຍ࠼࡚◊✲ᣦᑟ⪅㸦3LWFKHH㸧ࡢഃ࠿ࡽࡋ࡚ࡶ⮬㌟ࡢᣦᑟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿⱝᡭ◊✲⪅ࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ⌮ゎᗘࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᭷┈࡞᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ẕㄒࡀⱥㄒ࡛࡞࠸㠀ⱥㄒᅪࡢⱝᡭ◊✲⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣⱥㄒ࡛ࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ⌮ゎ⮬యࡀᅔ㞴࡟࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ㠀ⱥㄒᅪࡢ◊✲⪅ࡢࡓࡵ࡟)DIIHWDO  ࡛ࡣ᪥ᮏࢆྵࡴྛᅜࡢ◊✲⪅ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢẕᅜㄒ࡜ⱥㄒ࡛ࡢ୧᪉ࡢ 3LWFKLQJ6KHHW ࢆసᡂࡋ࡚බ㛤ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠㄽᩥ࡛ࡣ2QOLQH$SSHQGL[ ࢆࡘࡅ࡚㠀ⱥㄒ࡜ⱥㄒࡢࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺࢆ୧᪉බ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺ࡟ࡣࡑࢀ࡟ᑐ
ᛂࡍࡿⱥㄒࡢࢸࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺࡶࡘࡅ࡚බ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ᪥ᮏㄒ∧࡜ⱥㄒ∧ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡼࡾࡼࡃ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸬㸬5HSOLFDWLRQ6WXG\࡟࡟࠾ࡅࡿ 3LWFKLQJ6KHHW ࡢά⏝㏆ᖺࠕ㈐௵࠶ࡿ⛉Ꮫ㸦5HVSRQVLEOH6FLHQFH㸧ࡢ୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚ࣞࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ◊✲㸦5HSOLFDWLRQ6WXG\㸧ࡢ౯್ࡀ㔜どࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㐣ཤࡢ◊✲ࡀࠕ༑ศ࡟෌⌧࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿㸽ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࣞࣉࣜࢣ࣮
ࢩࣙࣥࡢ༴ᶵ㸦5HSOLFDWLRQ&ULVLV㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⮬↛⛉Ꮫศ㔝㸦%DNHU㸧ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ⤒῭Ꮫศ㔝
7 5HYHUVH(QJLQHHULQJ3LWFK ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㛤Ⓨ⪅ࡢ 5REHUW)DII ᩍᤵࡢ 4XHHQVODQG ኱Ꮫ➼ࡢ◊✲ᣦᑟ࡞࡝࡛ࡶྲྀࡾධࢀࡽࢀ

࡚࠸ࡿࠋ




- 40 -

㸦0DQLDGLVHWDO㸧࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⤒ႠᏛศ㔝 %HWWLV ࡞࡝࡛ࡶ㆙㚝ࡀ㬆ࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⤒῭Ꮫศ
㔝ࡢ 5HSOLFDWLRQ ࡢືྥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ+RIIOHU  ⤒ႠᏛศ㔝ࡢືྥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ%ORFNHWDO ࡞࡝࡟ヲࡋࡃ⤂௓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣇ࢓࢖ࢼࣥࢫࡢศ㔝࡛ࡶ-HQVHQHWDO  ➼࡛᭱᪂ࡢ 5HSOLFDWLRQࡢືྥࡀ⤂௓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗㄪᰝ࡞࡝ࡢ㉁ⓗ◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࣞࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ$JXLOQLVDQG6RODULR  ࡟࠾࠸࡚ㄽࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࣞࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ◊✲⮬యࡀඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ෌⌧ᛶࢆヨࡍព࿡࡛ࡣ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㐣ཤࡢ㔜せ࡞◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕ␗࡞ࡿ≧ἣ㸦ᖺᩘᅜ⏘ᴗ㸧࡛࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⤖ᯝࡀ෌⌧࡛ࡁࡿ࠿㸽ࠖࡣ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢព࿡
࡛࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦࡢࣇ࢓࢖ࢼࣥࢫศ㔝ࡢᐇド◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ 5HSOLFDWLRQ6WXG\ ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡢព⩏ࡣ኱ࡁ࠸ )DII ࠋ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦࡢࣇ࢓࢖ࢼࣥࢫศ㔝ࡢᐇドศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕ⡿ᅜࡢ୺せ◊✲ࡢᐇド⤖ᯝࢆ␗࡞ࡿᅜࡢ
≧ἣ࡛෌⌧࡛ࡁࡿ࠿㸽࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᛂ⏝࡛ࡁࡿ࠿㸽ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓほⅬ࠿ࡽ3DFLILF%DVLQ)LQDQFH-RXUQDO ࡟
5HSOLFDWLRQ6HFWLRQ ࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠ 6HFWLRQ ࡛ࡣࡲࡎࡣࣞࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿࣇ࢓࢖ࢼ
ࣥࢫศ㔝ࡢ㔜せ࡞ㄽᩥ࡜ࡋ࡚㐣ཤ㸱ᖺ㛫௨ෆ࡟)LQDQFH ࡢ7RSࡢࢪ࣮ࣕࢼ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿ -RXUQDORI)LQDQFH-RXUQDORI)LQDQFLDO(FRQRPLFV5HYLHZRI)LQDQFLDO6WXGLHV ࡟ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓㄽᩥࢆ㑅ᢥࡋ࡚ࡑࡢㄽᩥ
ࡢࣞࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࡑࡢ┠ⓗ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ ᖺ࠿ࡽ  ᖺࡲ࡛࡛ ᮏࡢࣞࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥㄽ
ᩥࡀฟ∧ࡉࢀࡑࡢෆ୰ᅜ࡛ࡢࣞࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥㄽᩥࡀ  ᮏ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡢㄽᩥࡀ㸷ᮏ᪥ᮏࡢㄽᩥ
ࡀ㸲ᮏ࡞࡝࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ )DII ࠋࣞࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ 3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࡢ౑⏝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ3DFLILF%DVLQ)LQDQFH-RXUQDOࡢ
5HSOLFDWLRQ6HFWLRQ ࡟࠾࠸࡚⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡎࣞࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡍࡿᑐ㇟ㄽᩥࢆ᥈ࡋࡑࡢㄽᩥ࡟ࡘ
࠸࡚ࡢ 3LWFKLQJ6KHHW ࢆ᏶ᡂࡉࡏࡿࠋḟ࡟3LWFKLQJ6KHHW ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᑂᰝࢆཷࡅࡿࠋࡇࡢᑂᰝ࡛ၥ㢟࡞ࡅࢀࡤᐇ㝿࡟㐣ཤࡢ◊✲ࡢ୺せ࡞⤖ᯝࢆࣞࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡋࡓㄽᩥࢆ᏶ᡂࡉࡏᢞ✏ࡍࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓᡭ㡰࡟࡞ࡿࠋࣞࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⏝ࡢ 3LWFKLQJ6KHHW ࡛ࡣ6KHHW ࡟グධࡍ࡭ࡁ  㡯┠ࡢὶࢀࡀᑡࡋ␗࡞ࡿࠋලయ
ⓗ࡟ࡣ㸦&㸧.H\3DSHU V ࡢ㒊ศ࡛ ᮏࡢࣞࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡋࡓ࠸ㄽᩥࢆ 7DUJHW3DSHU ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡑࢀ࡟ᐦ
᥋࡟㛵㐃ࡋࡓ௚  ᮏࡢ .H\3DSHU V ࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸦)㸧'DWD ࡢ㒊ศ࡛ࡣࣞࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙ
ࣥࡋࡓ࠸௚ࡢᅜࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ࣞࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿ 7DUJHW ㄽᩥࡀᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿ⡿ᅜࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ཮᪉
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ୖ㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ 5HSOLFDWLRQ3LWFK ࢆ㏻ࡌࡿࡇ࡜࡛⡿ᅜࡢ୺せ࡞ඛ⾜◊✲࡜௚ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒࡢᅜ࡛ࡢ᳨ド⤖ᯝࡢ㐪࠸ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤⴭ⪅➼ࡢࣞࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣࠕ6)$6 ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⡿ᅜ௻ᴗࡢࢭࢢ࣓ࣥࢺ᝟ሗ㛤♧ࡀ௻ᴗࡢᢞ㈨⾜ື࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࠖࢆศᯒࡋࡓ
ࠕ-DYDUDPDQDQG:X  ࡢ◊✲ࡢຠᯝࡀ෌⌧࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿㸽ࠖࢆ⪃࠼ᙼࡽࡢㄽᩥࢆࣞࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙ
ࣥࡢᑐ㇟࡜⪃࠼ࡓ㸦6DNDZDHWDO㸧ࠋࡑࡢୖ࡛᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿྠᵝࡢ఍ィᇶ‽ᨵṇ࡜ぢ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࠗ
ࠕ௻ᴗ఍ィᇶ‽  ྕ㸸ࢭࢢ࣓ࣥࢺ᝟ሗ➼ࡢ㛤♧࡟㛵ࡍࡿ఍ィᇶ‽ࠖࡀ᪥ᮏ௻ᴗࡢᢞ㈨⾜ື࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ຠᯝ
ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࠿㸽࠘ࢆ᳨ドࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦6DNDZDHWDO㸧
ࠋ-DYDUDPDQDQG:X  ࡢ◊✲⮬యࡀࠕ⤒Ⴀ⪅࡟ࡼࡿ᝟ሗ㛤♧ࡀ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘᕷሙ࡟཯ᫎࡉࢀࡿ࠿㸽ࠖࠕࡑࡢᕷሙࡢ཯ᛂࢆ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘᏛ⩦ࡋ࡚ᢞ㈨⾜ື࡟཯ᫎࡉࡏࡿ࠿㸽ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⌮ㄽࣔࢹࣝ㸦%RQGHWDO㸧ࡢ◊✲ࢆᐇドศᯒࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀ
ࡗ࡚ࢭࢢ࣓ࣥࢺ᝟ሗ㛤♧ࡀ௻ᴗࡢᢞ㈨⾜ື࡟୚࠼ࡿຠᯝࡢ᪥⡿௻ᴗ㛫࡛ࡢᕪ␗ࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛⌮ㄽࣔ
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ࢹࣝ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㈉⊩ࡶྍ⬟࡞ࣞࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ◊✲࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ㈐௵࠶ࡿ⛉Ꮫ㸦5HVSRQVLEOH6FLHQFH㸧ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡣࣞࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ◊✲⮬యࡣ5HSOLFDWLRQ&ULVLVࡢၥ㢟ࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡶ᭷┈࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ⤒῭Ꮫ࣭⤒ႠᏛࡢྛศ㔝࡛ࡢࣞࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡶ3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࡢ᪉ἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡼࡾ⢭⦓࡟ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡜࡞ࡿ㞧ㄅࡢࣞࣉࣜࢣ
࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ㐺ษ࡟⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡟㈨ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
㸬㸬2ULJLQDO6WXG\ ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ3LWFKLQJ6KHHW ࡢά⏝
3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࢆ⏕࠿ࡍ᭱ࡶᶆ‽ⓗ࡞᪉ἲࡣ᪂つࡢ 2ULJLQDO ࡢ◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵ࡟஦๓ࡢ◊✲ィ⏬
ࢆ 3LWFKLQJ6KHHW7HPSODWH࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFKࡢ᪉ἲㄽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࣀ࢘ࣁ࢘ࢆ
Ꮫࡪࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠕ3LWFKLQJ7HPSODWH⮬యࡢゎㄝㄽᩥ㸦)DII  )DII  㸧ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡑ
ࡢෆᐜࢆゎㄝࡋࡓ :HE ᩍᮦࢆᏛࡪࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ $OL  ࠋ3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFKࡢᡭἲࢆ๰タࡋ
ࡓ 5REHUW)DII ᩍᤵࡣ᪉ἲㄽࢆୡ⏺ࡢⱝᡭ◊✲⪅࡟ఏ࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟,Q6SL5H6㸦,QWHUQDWLRQDO6RFLHW\RI
3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFKIRU5HVSRQVLEOH6FLHQFH㸧࡜࠸࠺Ꮫ⾡ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ ࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚ୡ⏺୰ࡢⱝᡭ◊✲⪅ࡀ3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࢆᏛ࡭ࡿ௙⤌ࡳࢆసࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࣇ࣮ࣜࡢ 3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࡢࢥ࣮ࢫ࡞࡝ࡀྠᏛ⾡ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢ :HEVLWH ࡟࠾࠸࡚බ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࡢ᪉ἲㄽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࡀ῝ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡃḟࡢẁ㝵࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ$OL  ࡛ࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟⤂௓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ$OL  ࡛ࡣࠕⱝᡭ◊✲⪅࡞࡝ࡣ3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࡢ᪉ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚
ヨ⾜㘒ㄗࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍෆ࡟3LWFKLQJ7HPSODWH ࢆసᡂࡍࡿⱝᡭ◊✲⪅࡞࡝ࡢ◊✲ࣀ࢘ࣁ࢘ࡀ⩦⇍ࡋ࡚ࡃࡿࠖ
࡜ண᝿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋḟࡢࢫࢸࢵࣉ࡜ࡋ࡚)DII  ࡛ࡣࠕ͇&XHVIRU3LWFK͇࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞
3LWFK ࡀඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࠖࡢᐇ౛ࢆ࢜ࣥࣛ࢖ࣥୖ࡛♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ$OL㸦㸧࡛ࡣࠊࠕᐇ౛ࢆᏛ⩦ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ
⮬㌟ࡢ 3LWFKLQJ7HPSODWHࡢᨵၿࢆᅗࡾࡑࢀࢆ⏕࠿ࡋࡓᙧ࡛◊✲ㄽᩥࢆసᡂࡋᢞ✏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࡋ
࠸ࠋࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓᐇ㝿࡟3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFKࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶዡບࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣྠᏛ⾡ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ୺ദ࡛,*35& ,Q63L5H6
*OREDO3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK&RPSHWLWLRQ ࡜࠸࠺ⱝᡭ◊✲⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓୡ⏺ࡢ 3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ࢖࣋ࣥࢺ࡞࡝ࡀ㛤࠿ࢀࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࣇ࢓࢖ࢼࣥࢫ㛵㐃ࡢᅜ㝿఍㆟㸦 ᖺᗘ࡛ゝ࠼ࡤ:RUOG
)LQDQFH$VVRFLDWLRQ(OVHYLHU)LQDQFH&RQIHUHQFH㸧࡞࡝࡛ࡣ3DFLILF%DVLQ)LQDQFH-RXUQDO ࢆྵࡴ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ -RXUQDO ࡢ (GLWRU ࡀ㞟ࡲࡾ3LWFKLQJ6KHHW ࡸࡑࢀ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ◊✲ㄽᩥࡢሗ࿌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ホ౯ࢆ⾜࠺ 6HVVLRQ ࢆసࡗࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ3LWFKLQJ6KHHW ࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ 2ULJLQDO6WXG\ ࡢ◊✲ࡣୡ⏺ⓗ࡟┒ࢇ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ₻ὶ࡟࠶ࡿࠋ
᪥ᮏᅜෆ࡛ࡢ࢖࣋ࣥࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣⴭ⪅➼ࡶఱᗘ࠿ࡢ࢖࣋ࣥࢺ࡛)DII ᩍᤵࢆᣍ⪸ࡋ࡚3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK

8 ୡ⏺ 20 ࢝ᅜ௨ୖࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡛࠶ࡾ,➹⪅ࡣ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡢᬑཬάືࢆ౫㢗ࡉࢀࡿ 1RGHOHDGHU ࡢᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
9 KWWSVSLWFKLQJUHVHDUFKFRPLQVSLUHVQHWZRUNୖ࡟࡚,3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFh ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࣇ࣮ࣜࡢࢥ࣮ࢫࢆጞࡵ,ከࡃࡢ᭷

┈࡞᝟ሗࡀබ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛,ཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ
10 ࢜ࣥࣛ࢖ࣥ KWWSVZZZSLWFKP\UHVHDUFKFRP ࡛͂FXHVIRUWKHSLWFKHU̓ࡣධᡭྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
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࡟㛵ࡍࡿㅮ₇ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࡾ᪥ᮏ◊✲⪅ྥࡅࡢ࢖࣋ࣥࢺࡢ㛤ദࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞
ᶵ఍ࢆά⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛2ULJLQDO6WXG\ ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ 3LWFKLQJ6KHHW ࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࡼࡾⰋ࠸
◊✲ィ⏬ࢆ❧࡚ࡑࢀ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ◊✲ㄽᩥࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
㸬⤖ㄽ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ᫖௒ࡢ⤒῭Ꮫ࣭⤒ႠᏛࡢᐇド◊✲ࡢὶࢀ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕ㈐௵࠶ࡿ⛉Ꮫ㸦5HVSRQVLEOH6FLHQFH㸧ࠖࡢ  せ௳㸦ձಙ㢗ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ◊✲㸦&UHGLEOH5HVHDUFK㸧࡛࠶ࡾղጇᙜᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ◊✲㸦5HOHYDQW5HVHDUFK㸧࡛࠶ࡾճ⊂❧ࡋࡓ◊✲㸦,QGHSHQGHQW5HVHDUFK㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸧ࢆ‶ࡓࡋࡓ◊✲ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⫼ᬒࢆᴫㄝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᭦࡟ࡑࢀࡽࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ◊✲ୖࡢࢶ࣮ࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ 3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡑࡢෆᐜ
࡜ά⏝᪉ἲ࡞࡝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ඛ⾜◊✲ࢆࢧ࣮࣋࢖ࡍࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ᴫほࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ㄽࡣ௨ୗࡢ  Ⅼ࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
➨୍࡟ࠕᐇド◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵࡢ 3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࡢ  ಶࡢせ⣲㸦,WHPV㸧࡜ࡑࢀࡽࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟సᡂ
ࡍࡿ࠿㸽ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄝ᫂ࢆ)DII  ୪ࡧ࡟)DII ᩍᤵࡀ᪥ᮏ࡛̓3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK̓࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㅮ₇
ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉ㸦1&85HVHDUFK:RUNVKRSRQ$FFRXQWLQJ )LQDQFH ࡸ 1&8DQG&KXEX
-60(5HVHDUFK:RUNVKRSRQ$FFRXQWLQJ )LQDQFH㸧ࡢᢡࡢ⤒㦂࡞࡝ࢆ஺࠼࡞ࡀࡽㄝ᫂ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉࡟ࠕ◊✲ୖࡢၥ࠸ࠖࢆศ࠿ࡾࡸࡍࡃ⾲⌧ࡋࠕ୺せ࡞ඛ⾜◊✲㸦.H\3DSHUV㸧ࠖࢆ  ᮏ㑅ࡧࡑࡢ  ᮏ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡟᪥ᮏࡢ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ◊✲⪅ࡢ◊✲ᡭἲ࡜ࡢᕪ␗࡜≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ᮏ⛬ᗘࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ඛ⾜◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⌮ㄽⓗᑐ❧࡞࡝࡜⮬㌟ࡢ◊✲ィ⏬ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ
஦๓࡟⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࡣ ᮏࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࢆ .H\3DSHUV ࡜ࡋ࡚㑅ᢥࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ព࿡ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜
⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
➨஧࡟3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࢆ⏝࠸࡚୺せ࡞ඛ⾜◊✲ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ᪉ἲㄽ࡜ࡋ࡚5HYHUVH(QJLQHHULQJ
3LWFK ࡢ᪉ἲࢆゎㄝࡋࡓࠋⱝᡭ◊✲⪅ࡣࠕ㔜せ࡞ඛ⾜◊✲ࢆࡋࡗ࠿ࡾㄞࡴࡼ࠺࡟࡜࠸࠺◊✲ᣦᑟࠖࢆཷࡅ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࡶࡢࡢࡑࡢ᪉ἲㄽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ศ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ሙྜࡶከ࠸ࠋࡑࡢព࿡࡛㐣ཤࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
⮬ศࡀࡑࡢ◊✲ࡢ᭩ࡁᡭ㸦3LWFKHU㸧࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼࡚3LWFKLQJ6KHHW ࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠕ㐣ཤࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟సᡂࡉࢀࡓ࠿㸽ࠖࡢࣀ࢘ࣁ࢘ࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡲࡓ◊✲ᣦᑟ⪅㸦3LWFKHH㸧ࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽࡋ࡚ࡶᣦᑟᑐ㇟ࡢⱝᡭ◊✲⪅ࡢ⌮ゎࢆ☜࠿ࡵࡿୖ࡛᭷┈࡞᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
➨୕࡟ࣞࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ◊✲࡟ᑐࡍࡿ 3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࡢᛂ⏝ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣞࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⏝ࡢ 3LWFKLQJ6KHHW ࡛ࡣ6KHHW࡟グධࡍ࡭ࡁ  㡯┠ࡀᑡࡋ␗࡞ࡿࡓࡵࡑࡢ᪉ἲㄽ࡜ᐇ౛㸦6DNDZDHWDO㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⤂௓ࢆ⡆༢࡟⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⌧ᅾࡢ⤒῭Ꮫ࣭⤒ႠᏛศ㔝࡛ࡣࣞࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ◊✲ࡢ㔜せᛶࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾ㔜せ࡞◊✲ᡭἲ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
᭱ᚋ࡟࢜ࣜࢪࢼࣝࡢ◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ୖ࡛ࠕ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ 3LWFKLQJ6KHHW ࢆά⏝ࡍࢀࡤ࠸࠸࠿㸽ࠖ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡑࢀࡽࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡲ࡜ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ◊✲㸦$OL  )DII  㸧࡞࡝ࡢෆᐜࢆ⤂௓ࡋ࡚
11 ┤㏆ࡢணᐃ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ$OO-DSDQ3%)-)LQDQFH6KDUN7DQN6SHFLDO&RQIHUHQFH㸦 ᖺ  ᭶  ᪥㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚)DIIᩍᤵ࠿ࡽࡢࠕ3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞㐍ᒎࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㅮ₇୪ࡧ࡟᪥ᮏ◊✲⪅ࡢ )LQDQFHศ㔝ࡢ 3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFKࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ◊✲࢝ࣥࣇ࢓ࣞࣥࢫࡀྡྂᒇ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋ≉࡟ⱝᡭ◊✲⪅࡟ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᶵ఍ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ◊✲ᡭἲࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

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࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ᫖௒ᣑ኱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ 3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡛࠶ࡿ ,Q63L5H6 ࡜࠸࠺ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ
ࡢάືࢆ⤂௓ࡋࡑࢀࡽࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ 3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ◊✲άືࡀ㐍ᒎ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㏆ᖺࡢ⤒῭Ꮫ࣭⤒ႠᏛࡢୡ⏺࡛ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ౑⏝ྍ⬟ᛶࡀቑ࠼ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ቑ࠼ࡘࡘ࠶ࡿᐇド◊✲ࡢ◊✲ィ⏬ࢆసᡂࡍࡿ 3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡋࡓࠋⴭ⪅⮬㌟ࡶ3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࡢᡭἲࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛⮬㌟ࡢ◊✲ࢆ᱁ẁ࡟ࣈࣛࢵࢩࣗ࢔ࢵࣉ࡛ࡁࡓ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ✏ࡢㄞࡳᡭࡀ◊✲ィ⏬
ࡢᵓ⠏ࡸ◊✲άື࡟⾜ࡁワࡲࡗࡓᢡ࡟ᮏ✏ࢆㄞࡳ3LWFKLQJ5HVHDUFK ࢆά⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ◊✲Ⓨᒎࡢᡭຓࡅ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㢪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋㅰ㎡ᮏ✏ࡢෆᐜࡣࠊ ᖺ  ᭶࡟ࠊ஑ᕞ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔⤒῭Ꮫ◊✲⛉࡛ࡢࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ሗ࿌ࡢෆᐜࢆࣈࣛࢵࢩࣗ࢔ࢵࣉ
ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ≉࡟ࠊෆ⏣஺ㅽඛ⏕㸦஑ᕞ኱Ꮫ㸧ࠊΏ㎶┤ᶞඛ⏕㸦ྡྂᒇᕷ❧኱Ꮫ㸧࠿ࡽࡣ᭷┈࡞࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ♧၀ࢆ㡬࠸ࡓⅬࠊឤㅰࡋࡓ࠸ࠋᮏ✏ࢆᇳ➹ࡍࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡾࠊྡྂᒇᕷ❧኱Ꮫ⤒῭Ꮫ఍࠿ࡽࡢᨭ᥼ࢆ㡬࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡟グࡋ࡚ឤㅰࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡿḟ➨࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
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ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩
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