⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ◊✲࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝᐊሗ࿌᭩

2013 ኱Ꮫධヨࢧ࣑ࢵࢺ21 ୡ⣖ࡢ኱Ꮫධヨ࡜ᩍ⫱෌⏕ࡢᒎᮃ┠ ḟ
ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1Ⓩቭ⪅ࣉࣟࣇ࢕࣮ࣝ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3㛤఍ࡢᣵᣜ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7㛤ദࡢ㊃᪨ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9➨୍㒊 21 ୡ⣖࡬ࡢᩍ⫱෌⏕
ᇶㄪㅮ₇  ኱Ꮫධヨࡢㄢ㢟 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13㖹㇂ ┾⨾ Ặ㸦ᮾிᅜ❧༤≀㤋㛗ࠊඖᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ஦ົḟᐁ㸧ᇶㄪㅮ₇  The End (s) of Testing, 2013 update㸫”New Approaches to Certification   /Quality”----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33

 ࢸࢫࢺࡢ⤊↉ࠊ ᖺࡢ㆟ㄽ 㸫㈨᱁࣭㉁࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ 

Dr. Eva Baker Ặ㸦UCLA=CRESST ᡤ㛗ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᩍ⫱࢔࢝ࢹ࣑࣮఍ဨࠊ    

๓ World Education Research Associationࠊ๓ AERA ఍㛗㸧 ➨୍㒊ࢆ⤊࠼ࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 61➨஧㒊 ධヨᨵ㠉ࡢᗙᶆ㍈
ᇶㄪㅮ₇  ධヨᨵ㠉ࡢᗙᶆ㍈ ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65ኳ㔝㑳ኵẶ ᮾி኱Ꮫྡ㄃ᩍᤵ ࣃࢿࣝࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥ ............................................................................................... 89
᪩ᕝಙኵẶ㸦ࣇ࢓ࢩࣜࢸ࣮ࢱ࣮ࠊ㹌㹆㹉ゎㄝጤဨ㸧ኳ㔝㑳ኵẶ㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫྡ㄃ᩍᤵ㸧ྜ⏣㝯ྐẶ㸦ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤࣇ࢙࣮ࣟࠊ๓ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ᨻ⟇     ᒁ㛗㸧Ⲩ஭ඞᘯẶ㸦኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࣭◊✲⤫ᣓᐁ㸧ཧ⪃㈨ᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚㸸㧗➼Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱࡜኱Ꮫᩍ⫱࡜ࡢ᥋⥆࣭኱ᏛධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢᅾࡾ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
㸦➨ᅄḟᥦゝ㸧 .............................................................................................................. 145
኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ◊✲࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝᐊ୺ദ  ኱Ꮫධヨࢧ࣑ࢵࢺ ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ

ࠕ㸰㸯ୡ⣖ࡢ኱Ꮫධヨ࡜ᩍ⫱෌⏕ࡢᒎᮃࠖNew Directions in Improvement of Education Quality- Re-considering Approaches to College Admission Testing for the 21st Century ‫۔‬㛤ദ᪥᫬ 㸸 2013 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 16 ᪥㸦ᅵ㸧㛤ሙ㸷᫬༙

‫۔‬఍  ሙ 㸸 NTT ࢹ࣮ࢱ㥖ሙ◊ಟࢭࣥࢱ࣮

10:00㸫10:05

㛤఍ᣵᣜ ᒣᮏ ᘅᇶ ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮⌮஦㛗      ➨୍㒊 㸰㸯ୡ⣖࡬ࡢᩍ⫱෌⏕
10:05㸫10:55

ᇶㄪㅮ₇  
₇㢟ࠕ኱Ꮫධヨࡢㄢ㢟ࠖ㖹㇂ ┾⨾ Ặ㸦ᮾிᅜ❧༤≀㤋㛗ࠊඖᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ஦ົḟᐁ㸧

10:55㸫12:05

ᇶㄪㅮ₇  ₇ 㢟 ࠕ The End(s) of Testing, 2013 update—“New Approaches to
Certification/ Quality” (ࢸࢫࢺࡢ⤊↉ࠊ㸰㸮㸯㸱ᖺࡢ㆟ㄽ —㈨᱁࣭㉁࡟ᑐࡍࡿ
᪂ࡋ࠸࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ)ࠖ

Dr. Eva Baker Ặ (UCLA=CRESST ᡤ㛗ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᩍ⫱࢔࢝ࢹ࣑࣮఍ဨ,๓ World Education Research AssociationࠊAERA ఍㛗)* ㏻ヂ᭷ࡾ

12:05㸫12:20  ㉁ ␲➨஧㒊 ධヨᨵ㠉ࡢᗙᶆ㍈
13:30㸫14:20

ᇶㄪㅮ₇   ₇㢟ࠕධヨᨵ㠉ࡢᗙᶆ㍈ࠖኳ㔝 㑳ኵ Ặ㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫྡ㄃ᩍᤵ㸧  (ఇ᠁)14:30㸫17:00

ࣃࢿࣝࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥ ᪩ᕝ ಙኵ Ặࠊࣇ࢓ࢩࣜࢸ࣮ࢱ࣮㸦NHK ゎㄝጤဨ㸧 ྜ⏣ 㝯ྐ Ặ㸦ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤࣇ࢙࣮ࣟࠊ๓ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ᨻ⟇ᒁ㛗㸧 Ⲩ஭ ඞᘯ Ặ㸦኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࣭◊✲⤫ᣓᐁ㸧         ⥲ྜウㄽ

17:00   㛢఍* ⥲ྜྖ఍ཬࡧ㐍⾜㸸⏣୰ ⩏㑻㸦ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ◊✲࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝᐊᐈဨᩍᤵ㸧 －1－ㅮ₇⪅ࣉࣟࣇ࢕࣮ࣝ

－3－㸺ㅮ₇⪅ࣉࣟࣇ࢕࣮ࣝ㸼➨୍㒊㸰㸯ୡ⣖࡬ࡢᩍ⫱෌⏕

ᇶㄪㅮ₇㸦㸯㸧
ࠕ኱Ꮫධヨࡢㄢ㢟ࠖ㖹㇂ ┾⨾ 㸦ࡐ࡟ࡸ࣭ࡲࡉࡳ㸧 (ᮾிᅜ❧༤≀㤋㛗ࠊඖᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ஦ົḟᐁ)ᮾ໭኱Ꮫᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊༞ࠊ㸯㸷㸵㸱ᖺᩥ㒊┬ධ┬㸦኱ᏛᏛ⾡ᒁᅜ㝿Ꮫ⾡ㄢ㸧ࠋᩥ㒊኱⮧ᐁᡣᑂ㆟ᐁ㸦ึ➼୰➼ᩍ⫱ᒁᢸᙜ㸧ࠊෆ㛶ᑂ㆟ᐁ㸦ෆ㛶ᐁᡣෆ㛶ෆᨻᑂ㆟ᐊᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉ᅜẸ఍㆟ᢸᙜᐊ㛗㸧ࠊᩥ໬ᗇḟ㛗ࠊᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ᨻ⟇ᒁ㛗ࠊᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ஦ົḟᐁࢆṔ௵ࠋ㸰㸮㸮㸷ᖺࡼࡾ⌧⫋ࠋ

ᇶㄪㅮ₇㸦㸰㸧The End(s) of Testing, 2013 Update —“New Approaches to Certification/
Quality”

Eva L. Baker 㸦࢚ࣦ࢓࣭࣮࣮࣋࢝㸧(UCLA ༟㉺⤊㌟ᩍᤵࠊUCLA=CRESST ᡤ㛗/ࠊ
๓ WERA(the World Education Research Association)఍㛗ࠊ๓ AERA㸦American
Educational Research Association ఍㛗ࠊ⡿ᅜᩍ⫱࢔࢝ࢹ࣑࣮఍ဨ㸧⡿ᅜ UCLA ࡼࡾ༤ኈྕྲྀᚓࠋᑓ㛛ࡣࠊᩍ⫱◊✲᪉ἲᏛ࠾ࡼࡧᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮
ᏛࠋUCLA ࡢ༟㉺⤊㌟ᩍᤵ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㸯㸷㸶㸳ᖺࡼࡾ CRESST ࡢᡤ㛗ࢆົࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ」㞧࡞Ꮫ⩦ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ホ౯᪉ἲࡢ㛤Ⓨࡸ᭷ຠᛶࡢ᳨ドࠊࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࢆά⏝ࡋࡓᏛ⩦ホ౯ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡸホ౯ࠊ➼ࡢ㡿ᇦ࡛ୡ⏺ⓗ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡛࠶ࡿࠋ๓⡿ᅜᩍ⫱◊✲Ꮫ఍(AERA)఍㛗ࠊ๓ୡ⏺ᩍ⫱◊✲Ꮫ఍(WERA)఍㛗ࠊ⡿ᅜᩍ⫱࢔࢝ࢹ࣑࣮఍ဨ➼࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⡿ᅜᨻᗓࡢᩍ⫱㛤Ⓨ࠾ࡼࡧホ౯࡟㛵ࡍࡿᵝࠎ࡞ጤဨ఍࡛せ⫋ࢆࠊୡ⏺ྛᅜᨻᗓࡢᩍ⫱ホ౯ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ
ࡢ࢔ࢻࣦ࢓࢖ࢨ࣮ࢆᢸࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࠕ㸰㸯ୡ⣖ࢫ࢟ࣝࠖࡢ⋓ᚓࢆᨭ᥼ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ
Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡣࡶ࡜ࡼࡾࠊ་Ꮫ⏺ࠊᅜ㜵⥲┬ࡢ㧗ᗘᑓ㛛⫋࡟ᑐࡍࡿᏛ⩦ᨭ᥼ࢯࣇࢺࡢ㛤Ⓨࡸホ౯࡛ࡢά㌍ࡶ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

－4－

ᇶㄪㅮ₇㸦㸱㸧
ࠕධヨᨵ㠉ࡢᗙᶆ㍈ࠖኳ㔝㑳ኵ㸦࠶ࡲࡢ࣭࠸ࡃ࠾㸧 ᮾி኱Ꮫྡ㄃ᩍᤵ
ᑓ㛛ࡣᩍ⫱♫఍Ꮫࠋึ௦᪥ᮏ㧗➼ᩍ⫱Ꮫ఍఍㛗ࠋ᪥ᮏᏛ⾡఍㆟఍ဨࠊ᪥ᮏᩍ⫱♫఍Ꮫ఍఍㛗ࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊ⚄ᡞ኱Ꮫ⤒Ⴀ༠㆟఍Ꮫእጤဨࠊ୍ᶫ
኱Ꮫ⤒Ⴀ༠㆟఍Ꮫእጤဨࠊᶓ὾ᅜ❧኱Ꮫ⤒Ⴀ༠㆟఍ጤဨࠊி㒔኱Ꮫእ㒊ホ౯ጤဨࠊ஑ᕞ኱Ꮫእ㒊ホ౯ጤဨ➼ࡶṔ௵ࡋࡓࠋ
➨஧㒊㸸ࣃࢿࣝࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥ㸸ධヨᨵ㠉ࡢᗙᶆ㍈ኳ㔝㑳ኵ㸦࠶ࡲࡢ࣭࠸ࡃ࠾㸧๓ᥖཧ↷ྜ⏣㝯ྐ㸦ࡈ࠺ࡔ࣭ࡓ࠿ࡩࡳ㸧ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤࣇ࢙࣮ࣟࠋ๓ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ᨻ⟇ᒁ㛗ࠋ
ᮾி኱ᏛἲᏛ㒊༞ࠊ ᖺᪧᩥ㒊┬࡟ධࡿࠋ ᖺ࣑ࢩ࢞ࣥ኱Ꮫ㝔ಟ஢ 03$⾜ᨻᏛಟኈ ࠋᏛ⾡ᅜ㝿ᒁ◊✲ᶵ㛵ㄢ㛗ࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᒁ኱Ꮫㄢ㛗ࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᒁ௻⏬ㄢ㛗ࠊ኱⮧ᐁᡣ఍ィㄢ㛗ࠊ኱⮧ᐁᡣึ➼୰➼ᩍ⫱ᒁᢸᙜᑂ㆟ᐁࠊ኱⮧ᐁᡣ⥲ᣓᑂ㆟ᐁࠊᩥ໬ᗇḟ㛗ࠊ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡࣭Ꮫ⾡ᨻ⟇ᒁ㛗࡞࡝ࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ ᖺ  ᭶ࡲ࡛⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ᨻ⟇ᒁ㛗ࠋ㸵᭶ࡼࡾ⌧⫋ࠋⲨ஭ඞᘯ ࠶ࡽ࠸࣭࠿ࡘࡦࢁ ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࣭◊✲⤫ᣓᐁࠊධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝᐊ㛗ࠋ⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ◊✲ᶵᵓ㛗ࠊᩍᤵࠋᑓ㛛ࡣ㧗➼ᩍ⫱◊✲ࠊᩍ⫱ィ⏬ㄽࠋᮾிᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔⌮ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉༤ኈㄢ⛬ಟ஢ࠊᕤᏛ༤ኈࠋᅜ❧ᩍ⫱◊✲ᡤᐊ㛗ࠊᗈᓥ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᩍᤵࠊᮾ໭኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉ᩍᤵࠊྠ኱ᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊㛗࣭◊✲⛉㛗ࠊᩍᏛᢸᙜ๪Ꮫ㛗࡞࡝ࢆṔ௵ࠋ㸰㸮㸮㸵ᖺࡼࡾ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࣭◊✲๪⤫ᣓᐁࠊධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ◊✲ᶵᵓ㛗ࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ㸰㸮㸯㸰ᖺࡼࡾ
⌧⫋ࠋ



－5－

᪩ᕝಙኵ㸦ࡣࡸ࠿ࢃ࣭ࡢࡪ࠾㸧1+. ゎㄝጤဨ㸦ᩍ⫱࣭ᩥ໬ᢸᙜ㸧ᮾி኱Ꮫ⤒῭Ꮫ㒊༞ᴗᚋࠊ㹌㹆㹉࡟ᨺ㏦グ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ධᒁࠋ༓ⴥࠊภ㤋
ᨺ㏦ᒁ໅ົࡢᚋࠊሗ㐨ᒁ♫఍㒊ࠊ⛉Ꮫ࣭ᩥ໬㒊࡛୺࡟ᩍ⫱࣭ᩥ໬ࢆᢸ
ᙜࠋ ᖺࠕ㐌หࡇ࡝ࡶࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࠖ௻⏬࣭๰タࠋ ᖺゎㄝጤဨࠋ
ᖺゎㄝ୺ᖿࢆ⤒࡚⌧⫋ࠋ㹌㹆㹉ࢫ࣌ࢩࣕࣝࠕࣄࢺ୙㊊♫఍ࢽࢵ࣏ࣥࠖ
㸦ᖺ㸧ࠊࠕᏛᰯࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡢࡣㄡࡔࠖ
㸦 ᖺ㸧࡟ฟ₇ࠋ⌧ᅾࡣࢽ࣮ࣗࢫゎㄝࠕ᫬ㄽබㄽࠖ➼࡟ฟ₇ࠋ

－6－

㛤఍ࡢᣵᣜ
⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮⌮஦㛗ᒣᮏ ᘅᇶ㻌㻌 ࡇࡢ᭶࠿ࡽ⌮஦㛗ࢆᣏ࿨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍᒣᮏ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㛤఍࡟ᙜࡓࡾࡲࡋ࡚
୍ゝࡈᣵᣜࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ
 ኱Ꮫධヨࢧ࣑ࢵࢺࠕୡ⣖ࡢ኱Ꮫධヨ࡜ᩍ⫱෌⏕ࡢᒎᮃࠖࢆ௻⏬ࡋࡲࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊⓙࡉࡲࡈከᛁࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࡈฟᖍࢆ㈷ࡾࠊㄔ࡟࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ᇶㄪㅮ₇࡞ࡽࡧ࡟ࣃࢿࣝࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡣࠊ኱Ꮫධヨࢧ࣑ࢵࢺ࡜⛠ࡍࡿ࡟ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸➨୍⥺ࡢ㧗ྡ࡞ᑓ㛛ᐙࡢ᪉ࠎ࡟࠾㞟ࡲࡾ࠸ࡓࡔࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊᚰ࠿
ࡽឤㅰࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋඛ⏕᪉ࡣ኱ኚࡈከᛁ࡞᪉ࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ࡜ࡾࢃ
ࡅ(YD%DNHUඛ⏕࡟ࡣࡣࡿࡤࡿ࢝ࣜࣇ࢛ࣝࢽ࢔࠿ࡽ࠾࠸࡛࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊᮏᙜ࡟᭷㞴࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ኱Ꮫධヨࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡶᗄᗘ࡜࡞ࡃ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓ
ࡀࠊ᫖ᖺࡢኟ㡭࠿ࡽ୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟఍࣭㧗኱᥋⥆≉ู㒊఍ࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࠸ࢁ
ࢇ࡞ሙ࡛㆟ㄽࡀάⓎ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ࡜ࡃ࡟௒ᅇࡣࠊ㧗ᰯᩍ⫱ࠊ኱Ꮫධ
ヨࠊ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࢆ୍యⓗ࡟࡜ࡽ࠼࡚ぢ┤ࡋࢆᅗࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᨻᗓࡢ᪉㔪࡛࠶ࡾࠊᩍ⫱෌⏕ᐇ⾜఍㆟ࡢ➨ᅄḟᥦゝࠕ㧗➼Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱࡜኱Ꮫᩍ⫱࡜ࡢ᥋⥆࣭኱ᏛධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢᅾࡾ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖࡀࠊࡘ࠸ඛ᪥ᥦฟࡉࢀࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑࡢ୰࡛ࠊ㧗ᰯᩍ⫱ࡢ㉁ࡢྥୖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣࠊᇶ♏ⓗ࣭ඹ㏻ⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦㐩ᡂᗘࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿ㐩ᡂᗘࢸࢫࢺ㸦ᇶ♏ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸧ࡢᑟධࠊ⬟ຊ࣭ពḧ࣭㐺ᛶࢆከ㠃ⓗ࣭⥲ྜⓗ࡟ホ౯ุ࣭ᐃࡍࡿ኱ᏛධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ࡬ࡢ㌿᥮࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣࠊ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱࡟ᚲせ࡞⬟ຊุᐃࡢࡓࡵࡢ㐩ᡂᗘࢸࢫࢺ㸦Ⓨᒎࣞ࣋ࣝ㸧ࡢᑟධࡀᥦゝࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࡑࢀࢆཷࡅ࡚୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟఍ࡢ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ㒊఍ࠊ㧗኱᥋⥆≉ู㒊఍࡛ࡶᑂ㆟ࡀጞࡲࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᨵ㠉ࡢᐇ᪋ࡣ㸳㸪㸴ᖺඛࠊ࡜ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ኱⮧ࡣ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞
ධヨไᗘ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ࡜ࠊࡑࢀ࡯࡝᫬㛫ⓗవ⿱ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡣᛮ࠼ࡲࡏࢇࠋ
୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟఍࠿ࡽ୍ᐃࡢ᪉ྥᛶࡀฟࡉࢀࢀࡤࠊ᪩㏿ලయࡢ᳨ウࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ

－7－ ኱Ꮫධヨᨵ㠉ࡣࠊᡃࡀᅜࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎᩍ⫱඲య࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡿ኱ኚ࡟㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᫬ᐅࢆᚓ࡚ࠊᮏ᪥ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞఍ࢆദࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆឤ
ㅰ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࣇࣟ࢔ࢆྵࡵ࡚᭷ព⩏࡞㆟ㄽࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᮇᚅ
ࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡣ࡞ࡣࡔ⡆༢࡛ࡍࡀࠊ㛤఍࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡢࡈᣵᣜ࡜ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲ
ࡍࠋ

－8－

㛤ദࡢ㊃᪨
⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮๪ᡤ㛗ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ◊✲࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝᐊ㛗Ⲩ஭ ඞᘯ 㸰㸯ୡ⣖ࡢㄢ㢟࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡉࡲࡊࡲࡢ♫఍ࢭࢡࢱ࣮࡛ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋᩍ⫱ࡶࡲࡓྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ͆ධヨࡢከᵝ໬͇ࡀ኱Ꮫධヨᨵ㠉ࡢᇶᮏ᪉㔪࡟ᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣ⮫᫬ᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟఍ࡢ➨㸯ḟ⟅⏦࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ௒᪥ࡲ࡛⣙ᅄ༙ୡ⣖ࡀ⤒㐣ࡋࡓࠋ㸱๭ྎ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫ⋡ࡶ࠸ࡲࡸ㸳๭ࢆࡇ࠼ࠊ኱Ꮫධヨࡣࡲࡓ᪂ࡓ࡞ẁ㝵ࢆ㏄࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㑅ᢤ࠿ࡽᩍ⫱࡬ࡢ㌿᥮ࠊ኱Ꮫධヨ࡟ࡢࡳ౫Ꮡࡋ࡞࠸ࠊ㧗ᰯᩍ⫱ࠊ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࢆྵࡵࡓ୕఩୍యࡢᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉࡜࠸ࡗࡓࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ㄢ㢟࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⾜ᨻ➼࠿ࡽࡢᥦ᱌ࡶ
ฟ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⌧Ᏻಸᨻᶒࡶᩍ⫱෌⏕ᐇ⾜఍㆟ࢆタ⨨ࡋࠊྛ✀ࡢᥦゝࢆࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋධヨᨵ㠉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡇࡢ㸯㸮᭶࡟➨㸲ḟᥦゝࡀฟࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୰ᩍᑂ
ࡶ㧗኱᥋⥆≉ู㒊఍ࢆ⨨ࡁ᫖ᖺ࠿ࡽᑂ㆟࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᮏ኱Ꮫධヨࢧ࣑ࢵࢺ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᶵ఍࡟ᥦฟࡉࢀࡓㄽⅬࢆᩚ⌮ࡋࠊලయࡢᥐ⨨࡟ᒎ㛤࡛ࡁࡿᗙᶆ㍈ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡓࠋᮏධヨࢧ࣑ࢵࢺࡣධᏛ
⪅㑅ᢤ◊✲ᶵᵓ㸦኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧ࡀ㐣ཤ㸱ᅇ㛤ദࡋࡓᅜ㝿ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘
(2010-12)ࡢ⥲ᣓ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡬ࡢ➨㸯Ṍ࡜࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡶ࠶
ࡿࠋከࡃࡢ㛵ಀ⪅ࡢཧຍ࡜άⓎ࡞㆟ㄽࢆᮇᚅࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ


－9－

➨୍㒊
21 ୡ⣖࡬ࡢᩍ⫱෌⏕－11－➨㸯㒊 ୡ⣖࡬ࡢᩍ⫱෌⏕ ᇶㄪㅮ₇㸦㸯㸧኱Ꮫධヨࡢㄢ㢟ᮾிᅜ❧༤≀㤋㛗㖹㇂ ┾⨾ Ặ‫ྖۑ‬఍ ᪩㏿࡛ࡣࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ➨㸯㒊ࠕୡ⣖ࡢᩍ⫱෌⏕ࠖࢆጞࡵࡉࡏ࡚࠸
ࡓࡔࡁࡓࡃᏑࡌࡲࡍࠋ ᇶㄪㅮ₇࡜࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ㖹㇂┾⨾ඛ⏕࡟ࠕ኱Ꮫධヨࡢㄢ㢟ࠖ࡜࠸࠺₇㢟࡛࠾㢪࠸⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠸࡜Ꮡࡌࡲࡍࠋ 㖹㇂ඛ⏕ࡣࠊ⚾ࡀᨵࡵ࡚ࡈ⤂௓ࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡶࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ
ඖᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ஦ົḟᐁࠊ⌧ᅾࡣᮾிᅜ❧༤≀㤋㛗࡛࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᮾ໭኱Ꮫ
ᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊ࢆࡈ༞ᴗᚋࠊᖺ࡟ᩥ㒊┬࡟ධ┬ࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊᩥ㒊኱⮧ᐁᡣᑂ㆟ᐁࠊෆ㛶ᑂ㆟ᐁࠊᩥ໬ᗇḟ㛗ࠊᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ᨻ⟇ᒁ㛗ࠊึ➼୰➼ᩍ⫱ᒁ㛗ࠊᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ஦ົḟᐁࢆṔ௵ࡉࢀࠊᖺࡼࡾ⌧⫋࡛࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ㖹㇂ඛ⏕ࠊ࡝࠺ࡒࡼࢁࡋࡃ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬㖹㇂Ặ ⓙࡉࢇࠊ࠾ࡣࡼ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡈ⤂௓࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓᮾிᅜ❧༤≀㤋㛗ࡢ㖹㇂࡜⏦ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ⚾ࡣࠊᖹᡂᖺ࡟㏥ᐁࡍࡿࡲ࡛ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬࡟໅ົࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢࡇ࡜
ࡶ࠶ࡾࡇࡢධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢ୺ദ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ኱Ꮫධヨ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࡛࢘ࡣࠊ
࠿ࡘ࡚ࠊᖺ㸦ᖹᡂᖺ㸧᭶࡟ࠊ㸯ᗘ࠾ヰࡋࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾ
ࡲࡍࠋ ᙜ᫬ࠊධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢ⌮஦㛗࡛࠾ࡽࢀࡓྜྷᮏ㧗ᚿඛ⏕ࡣࠊ⚾ࡀᏛࢇࡔ⛅⏣㧗ᰯࠊᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡢඛ㍮࡛ࡍࠋྜྷᮏඛ⏕ࡣࠊ㧗ᰯࡢྠ⣭⏕ࡔࡗࡓᮾ኱ඖ⥲㛗ࡢబࠎᮌඛ⏕࡜୪ࡪᡃࡀẕᰯࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞኱⚽ᡯࡔࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢྜྷᮏඛ⏕ࡀࠊࡑ࠺࡛࡞࠸⚾࡟ࠕ࠾ࡲ࠼ࡶཷ㦂࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ᛮ࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋධヨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ヰࡍᶵ఍ࢆ୚࠼࡚ࡸࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࡛࢘
࠾ヰࢆࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡜࠸࠸ࡲࡍࡢࡣࠊ኱ከᩘࡢᅜẸ࠿ࡽぢࡲࡍ࡜ࠊධᏛヨ㦂࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣᛷႷؐᛷ
ࡳࡘࡽࡳࡢᑐ㇟࡛ࡍࠋ኱Ꮫ࡟ධࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᮏᙜ࡟ධࡾࡓ࠿ࡗࡓ኱Ꮫ࡟ධࡗࡓ
ேࡣࡈࡃࢃࡎ࠿࡛ࡋ࡚ࠊ኱ከᩘࡢேࡣࠊࡶࡋ࠿ࡋࡓࡽ୙ᮏពධᏛ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜
ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚⮬ศࡢ⬟ຊࡣṇᙜ࡟ホ౯ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࠿ࠊఱᨾࡇࢇ࡞ཷ㦂ຮᙉࢆᙉ࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ࡝࠺ࡶไᗘࡶᝏ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᅜẸࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛࠶

－13－ࡾࡲࡍࠋ኱ከᩘࡢᅜẸࡣධヨไᗘࢆఱ࡜࠿ࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸ࠊẖᖺࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡀጞࡲࡾࡲࡍ࡜ࠕࡈⱞປ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡔ࡞ࠖ࡜ᛮ࠸࡞ࡀࡽࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ
ᐇ᝟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬ᩍ⫱ཬࡧᩍ⫱ၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚኱Ꮫධヨ ᪥ᮏேࡀᛮ࠺ཷ㦂࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ⤖ᒁࠊཷ㦂⏕࡞࠸ࡋࡣཷ㦂⏕ࡢぶ࡜࠸࠺❧ሙࡀᅽಽⓗ࡞ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋཷ㦂࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ኱ኚ୙ᮏព࡞ࠊ↓┈࡞ຮᙉࢆࡉࡏࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊᮏᙜ࡟ཷ㦂ࡣබᖹ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊ⬟ຊࡢ୍㠃ࡋ࠿ࡣ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞
࠸࠿ࠊࡶࡗ࡜ከ㠃ⓗ࡟ホ౯ࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣࠊ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡇࢇ࡞ࢃࡅࡢࢃ࠿
ࡽ࡞࠸ၥ㢟ࢆฟࡍࢇࡔࠊ㞴ၥወၥࡀከ㐣ࡂࡿࠊࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ᫂἞ࡢ᫇࠿
ࡽࡎࡗ࡜᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣཷ㦂࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᝏ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࡑࢀࢆ㑊ࡅ࡚ୖ఩ࡢᏛᰯ
࡬㐍ࡳࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺ᛮ࠸࡛ࡎࡗ࡜᮶ࡓࢇࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋྠ᫬࡟ཷ㦂࡛ࡢᡂຌࡀᑗ᮶ࢆ⣙᮰ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᛮ࠸ࡶᙉࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࢀࡣᡓ๓࣭ᡓᚋ㏻ࡌ୍࡚㈏ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡀࡕࡻ࠺࡝⚾࡝ࡶᅋሢࡢ
ୡ௦ࡀ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡟ධࡿࡇࢁࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ኱Ꮫ࡟ධࡿࡇࢁ㡬Ⅼ࡟㐩ࡋࡓ࡜⚾ࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ኱ᏛධヨࡢṔྐࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡲࡍ࡜ࠊᚲࡎ㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡢධヨࡢᚋ㏣࠸࡜࠸ࡗࡓ≧ἣࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ㧗➼ᏛᰯධヨࡢṔྐ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ⱝᖸ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ
㧗➼Ꮫᰯධヨࡣ᫛࿴ᖺ௦ࠊᮏᙜ࡟᪥ᮏࡢ኱ࡁ࡞♫఍ၥ㢟࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࠕ༑
஬ࡢ᫓ࢆἽ࠿ࡏࡿ࡞ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ྎモࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋᙜ᫬ࡣࠕ୰Ꮫᾉேࠖ࡜࿧ࢇ࡛
࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡢཷ㦂࡟ኻᩋࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ㸯ᖺணഛᰯ࡟㏻ࡗ࡚ࡲࡓ
㧗ᰯࢆཷ㦂ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞Ꮚ౪ࡀᑡ࡞࠿ࡽࡎᏑᅾࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᙜ᫬ࠊ୰Ꮫᰯഃࡣ୰Ꮫᰯࡢᤵᴗࢆ㔜どࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸ࠊࡑࡢᤵᴗࡢ≧ἣࢆホ౯ࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊෆ⏦᭩ࢆ㔜どࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺せᮃࢆฟࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲ
ࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࡶ࠺୍ࡘࠊ୰Ꮫᰯࡢᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬඲యࢆホ౯ࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜
࡛ࠊ㸷ᩍ⛉඲㒊࣮࣌ࣃ࣮ࢸࢫࢺࢆࡸࡿ࡜࠸࠺᫬௦ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋಖ೺࣭య⫱ࠊ㡢ᴦࠊ⨾⾡ࠊᢏ⾡ᐙᗞࠊ࡜࠸ࡗࡓᐇᢏࡀ୰ᚰࡢᩍ⛉ࡶ඲㒊࣮࣌ࣃ࣮ࢸࢫࢺࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࡑ࠺ࡋ࡞࠸࡜୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ᩍ⛉ࡢᤵᴗ࡟㌟ࡀධࡽ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡇ
࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ≉ᐃࡢ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡟ཷ㦂⏕ࡀ㞟୰ࡋ࡚ཷ㦂➇தࡀ⃭໬ࡋࠊᏛᰯ㛫᱁ᕪࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡢࡣၥ㢟ࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᏛᰯ⩌ไᗘࠊ⥲ྜ㑅ᢤไᗘࡀᑟධࡉࢀࡓ౛
ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ」ᩘࡢ㧗ᰯࢆ୍⥴ࡢເ㞟ẕయ࡟ࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ」ᩘࡢ㧗ᰯࡢධᏛ⪅ࡢ⥲ᩘࢆྜ᱁⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆྛᰯ࡟ᶵᲔⓗ࡟๭ࡾ᣺ࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓไᗘࢆࡘࡃࡗ
ࡓࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᫛࿴ᖺ௦࡟ධࡾࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫ⋡ࡢୖ᪼ࡸᅋሢࡢୡ௦ࡢ኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ኱Ꮫධヨࡢ᪉࡟ࡶྠᵝࡢἼࡀཬࢇ࡛ࡁࡓࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋྛ኱Ꮫࡈ࡜

－14－ࡢ㸯Ⅼ้ࡳࡢ୍Ⓨධヨ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊᇶ♏Ꮫຊࢆࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ࡜ࡣ࠿ࡗࡓୖ࡛ከ㠃ⓗ࡟Ꮚ౪ࡓࡕࢆホ౯ࡋ࡚ࠊ኱Ꮫ࡬ධᏛࡉࡏࡿࡢࡀ࠸࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺㆟ㄽࡀ⃏‑࡜ࡋ࡚㉳ࡇࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ⤖ᒁࠊᖺ௦ᚋ༙ࡈࢁࠊ୰ᩍᑂࡢࠕᅄභ⟅⏦ࠖ࡞࡝ࢆዎᶵ࡜ࡋ࡚ඹ㏻ヨ㦂ࡢᑟධࡀゝࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ⤖ᯝࠊ᫛࿴ᖺ࡟ඹ㏻୍ḟヨ㦂ࡀᑟධࡉࢀࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿඹ㏻ヨ㦂ࣉࣛࢫಶูヨ㦂࡜࠸࠺⌧ᅾࡢࡸࡾ᪉ࡢᇶ♏ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᖹᡂ㸰
ᖺ࡟ඹ㏻୍ḟヨ㦂ࡀධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡟⾰᭰࠼ࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ⚾❧኱Ꮫࡶཧຍࡍࡿ
⌧ᅾࡢධヨࡢጼ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᡓᚋࡢ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶධヨࡣ♫఍ࡢ኱ࡁ࡞㛵ᚰ஦࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺኱ࡁ࡞ධヨᨵ㠉ࡢὶࢀࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ⚾࡞ࡾࡢホ౯ࢆ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ⌧ᅾࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣẚ㍑ⓗᏳᐃࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ๭࡜
㛗ᮇ㛫ࠊྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ไᗘࡀ⥆࠸࡚ࡁࡓࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ホ౯ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜
ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᖹᡂ㸰ᖺ࡟ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡀጞࡲࡗ࡚ࠊᖺࡓࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣᡃࡀ
ᅜࡢධヨไᗘࡢኚ㑄ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ẚ㍑ⓗࠊ㛗ᮇᏳᐃไᗘ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜
ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊࡑࡢᖺࡢ㛫࡟኱Ꮫཬࡧ኱Ꮫධヨࢆࡵࡄࡿ≧ἣࡀ኱ࡁࡃኚ໬ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡢࡲࡲ࡛࠸࠸ࡢ࠿ࡀ⌧ᅾࠊ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ
࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡜ಶูヨ㦂 ࡈ᱌ෆࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡟ࡼࡾ㧗ᰯ⏕ࡢᇶ♏ⓗ࡞Ꮫຊࢆุ᩿
ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢୖ࡛ྛ኱Ꮫࡀಶู࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᏛ㒊࣭Ꮫ⛉ࡢ≉ᛶ࡟ᛂࡌࡓᏛຊࠊ࠶
ࡿ࠸ࡣྛ኱ᏛࡀᏊ౪ࡓࡕ࡟せồࡍࡿᏛຊࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆࡣ࠿ࡿࡓࡵࡢಶูヨ㦂ࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ௒ࡢไᗘ࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝ࠼ࡤࠊࡇࢀࡣୡ⏺ⓗ࡟࡝ࡢᅜ࡛ࡶ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ኱Ꮫධヨࡢࡓࡵࡢඹ㏻ヨ㦂ࡢ୍✀ࡔ࡜⚾ࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ௒ࠊඛ㐍ᅜ࡛ࡣከࡃࡢᅜࡀࡇ࠺࠸࠺ඹ㏻ヨ㦂ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡓࡔࠊෆᐜࡣ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡛ࠊ୰ᅜࠊ㡑ᅜࡢࡼ࠺࡟᪥ᮏࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡟㏆࠸ᅜࡶ࠶ࢀࡤࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ⱝᖸᛶ᱁ࡢ␗࡞ࡿᅜࡶ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍ
ࡀࠊ኱యୡ⏺࡛ࡣࠊධヨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣඹ㏻ヨ㦂ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ၥ㢟ࡣࠊヨ㦂ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࡢタᐃࡀ㐺ษ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࠊࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣࠊၥ㢟ࡢタᐃࡀ㐺ษ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠸࠸ࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ⌧ᅾࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡣࠊ୍㒊ࡢ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣุᐃ࡟
ᙜࡓࡗ࡚࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ព࿡ࢆ࡞ࡉ࡞࠸ࡄࡽ࠸㏆᥋ࡋࡓᡂ⦼ࢆࡳࢇ࡞ࡀ࡜ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞
ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣୖ఩ࠊୗ఩୧᪉ゝ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋୖ఩ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝‶Ⅼ
࡟㏆࠸ࠊୗ఩ࡢ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢၥ㢟ࡢព࿡ࡍࡽࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸Ꮫ⏕ࡀᏑᅾࡋࠊ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝㑅ᢤヨ㦂࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢព࿡ࢆ࡞ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟

－15－

タᐃࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡀ㸯ࡘ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣၥ㢟ࡢタᐃ࡛ࡍࠋ⌧ᅾࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡣࠊ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡛Ꮫࢇ࡛࠾ࡾ
ࡲࡍᩍ⛉࣭⛉┠ࡢෆᐜࢆฟ㢟ࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᮏᙜ࡟ࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛࠸࠸ࡢ࠿ࠊ
ࡶ࠺ᑡࡋࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࡜࠸࠸ࡲࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠊゝㄒⓗ࡞⬟ຊࠊᩘⓗ࡞⬟ຊࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ
ၥ㢟ゎỴⓗ࡞⬟ຊࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ
࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ពぢࡶ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ࠶࠼࡚⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍ࡜ࠊࡇࡢヨ㦂ࡣᖺ㸯ᅇࠊ㸯᭶࡟⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ
࡛ࡍࡀࠊ᫬ᮇ࡜ᅇᩘࡀࡇࢀ࡛࠸࠸ࡢ࠿ࠊࡶࡗ࡜ᅇᩘࢆከࡃࡋ࡚ࡣ࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺ពぢࡶ࡞࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ⌧ᅾࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢ≧ἣ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⚾ࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡓࡔࠊࡑࢀࡣࡑ࠺࠸࠺㆟ㄽࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᐇࡣ᭱㏆ࡲ࡛ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࢆ኱ᖜ࡟ኚ࠼ࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺ືࡁࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬኱Ꮫධヨࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢほⅬ ࡉ࡚ࠊࡇࡇࡲ࡛⏦ࡋࡲࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆࠊᑡࡋᩚ⌮ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓࡃᏑࡌࡲࡍࠋ ࠾ᡭඖ࡟ࠊࠕ኱Ꮫධヨࡢㄢ㢟ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࣞࢪ࣓ࣗࢆࡈ⏝ពࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋ
ࡓࡀࠊࡇࡇࡲ࡛㸯ࠊ㸰ࠊ㸱ࡢヰࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆ࡚ࡁࡓࡘࡶࡾ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡎ➨㸯࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕᩍ⫱࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢධᏛヨ㦂ࠖ࡜᭩ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᩍ⫱࡞࠸ࡋࡣᩍ⫱ၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢධᏛヨ㦂࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᏛᰯᩍ⫱ࡢ୰࡛ධᏛヨ㦂ࡢ༨ࡵࡿᩍ⫱ⓗ࡞ព࿡ྜ࠸ࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽᩍ⫱ၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢព࿡ྜ࠸ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ࠋ
ࡇࢀࡣᅜẸⓗ࡞኱ኚ࡞㛵ᚰ஦࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆࠊࡲࡎ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠿ࡗࡓࢃࡅ
࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊධᏛヨ㦂ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡀ᪥ᮏࡢᩍ⫱ࡑࡢࡶࡢࠊᩍ⫱ෆᐜࠊᩍ⫱ࡢᡂᯝ࡟῝ࡃ࠿࠿ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠿ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲ
ࡍࠋ 㸰Ⅼ┠࡟ࠊࠕᏛຊㄪᰝ࡜ෆ⏦᭩ ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮ࢸࢫࢺ࡜ே≀㔜どࠖ࡜᭩ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ
࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶධᏛヨ㦂ࡣᏛຊㄪᰝࡀ୰ᚰ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᏛᰯࠊࡘࡲࡾ
㧗ᰯධヨ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ୰Ꮫᰯࠊ኱Ꮫධヨ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡢᡂ⦼ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑࡢᏊ
౪ࡓࡕࡢᏛ⩦≧ἣ࣭ែᗘࠊࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࢆෆ⏦᭩ㄪᰝ᭩࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ホ౯ࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺ኌࡀᚲࡎ࠶ࡿࠋᏛຊㄪᰝ࡜ㄪᰝ᭩ࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆ࡝࠺࡜ࡿ࠿ࡀ⤯࠼ࡎㄢ㢟࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊධヨ࡛ࡣᚲࡎ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮ࢸ
ࢫࢺࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࠿ࢀ࡞࠸⬟ຊࡶ㔜どࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠊ౛࠼ࡤ㠃᥋㸪ㄽᩥ࡞࡝ࢆ
㏻ࡌே≀ࡢ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ホ౯ࡶᚲせ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ࠸ࡘࡶゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ㸱Ⅼ┠ࠊࠕಶูヨ㦂࡜ඹ㏻ヨ㦂ࠖ࡜᭩ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡶ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣࠊ
౛࠼ࡤ⬟◊࡜࠸࠺ඹ㏻ヨ㦂ࡢᑟධࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡓࡾࠊඹ㏻୍ḟ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢭࣥࢱ࣮
ヨ㦂࡜࠸ࡗࡓඹ㏻ヨ㦂ࢆࡸࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡜ࠊྛ኱Ꮫࡀ⊂⮬࡟⾜࠺ಶูヨ㦂ࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆ࡝࠺ࡍࡿ࠿ࡀ⤯࠼ࡎၥ㢟࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ

－16－ヨ㦂ၥ㢟࡟ࡘࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࡶࠊඛ࡯࡝ࡕࡻࡗ࡜⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ㧗ᰯධヨ࡞ࡽ୰Ꮫᰯࠊ኱Ꮫධヨ࡞ࡽ㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡢᩍ⛉࣭⛉┠࡟ἢࡗࡓヨ㦂࡛⾜࠺ࡢ࠿ࠊ୍⯡ⓗࠊỗ⏝ⓗ࡞⬟ຊࢆࡣ࠿ࡿヨ㦂ࡀ࠸࠸ࡢ࠿ࠊࡇࢀࡶ࠸ࡘࡶヰ㢟࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡋ
࡚ࠊ⌧ᅾࡣඛ࡯࡝᮶ࠊ⏦ࡋୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ไᗘ࡟ⴠࡕ╔࠸࡚࠸ࡿ≧ἣࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬኱Ꮫධヨࢆࡵࡄࡿ᭱㏆ࡢືࡁ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ኱Ꮫධヨࡣ⌧ᅾࡢࡼ࠺࡞ጼ࡛ࡋࡤࡽࡃ⾜ࡃࡢ࠿࡞࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋ
ࡓࡽࠊᐇࡣࠊ⏦ࡋୖࡆ࡟ࡃ࠸ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊᖺ㸦ᖹᡂᖺ㸧㸯᭶ࡢ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡛஦௳ࡀ㉳ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ᫖ᖺ㸯᭶ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡛ၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡢ㓄௜ࢺࣛࣈࣝࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋၥ㢟෉Ꮚࢆࠕᆅ⌮࣭Ṕྐࠖ࡜ࠕබẸࠖࡢ㸰ᩍ⛉ࢆ㓄௜ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ㸰ᩍ⛉ࡢၥ㢟෉Ꮚࡀ㓄௜ࡉࢀࡎࠊ࠸ࡎࢀ࠿㸯ᩍ⛉㸯෉ࡢࡳࡢ㓄௜࡛ヨ㦂ࢆࡋࡓヨ㦂఍ሙࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࠕᆅ
⌮࣭ṔྐࠖࠊࠕබẸࠖࡢ୧᪉ࢆ㓄௜ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ㓄௜࣑ࢫࡀ⏕ࡌࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ
࡜࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ఍ሙேࡀ෌ヨ㦂࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ
ࡣࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ୖࠊ᭱኱つᶍࡢ෌ヨ㦂ࡢཷ㦂⪅ᩘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊࡑࡢྠࡌヨ㦂ࡢ࡜ࡁ࡟ᐑᇛ┴ࡢẼ௝἟࡛ࠊⱥㄒࡢࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢᶵჾ
ࡀ㐠ࡧ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺஦௳ࡀ㉳ࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ㸰᫬㛫࠾ࡃࢀ࡚ヨ㦂ࡀጞࡲࡿ࡜࠸࠺஦ែ࡟❧ࡕ⮳ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢᑐ㇟ࡢᏊ౪ࡀே࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡶ኱
ࡁ࡞஦௳࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ௒ࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡣ㸴ᩍ⛉⛉┠ࢆ㸰᪥㛫࡛⾜࠺ࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡶ࠺㝈⏺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠊࡇࢀࡔࡅࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢᩍ⛉࣭⛉┠ࢆ㸰᪥㛫࡛඲ᅜ୍ᩧ࡟⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡶ࠺ࡑࢁࡑࢁ㝈⏺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ពぢࡶࡑࡢࡇࢁ⪺࠿ࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡣཎᅉࡢ✲᫂ࠊ෌Ⓨ㜵Ṇࡢࡓࡵࡢ᳨ドጤဨ఍ࢆࡘ
ࡃࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ᫖ᖺ㸲᭶㸱᪥࡟࣏࣮ࣞࢺࢆᥦฟ࠸ࡓࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬࡟࠾ࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࡶ┬ෆ࡟᳨ウࢳ࣮࣒ࢆࡘࡃࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ᳨ド⤖ᯝࢆ᫖ᖺ㸲᭶᪥࡟බ⾲࠸ࡓࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࡢ୰࡛ࠊ≉࡟ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡢ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࡢ୰࡛୰㛗ᮇⓗ࡞ㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡀᚎࠎ࡟」㞧໬ࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ
࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡢ᳨ドጤဨ఍ࡢ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ࡛ࡣࠊ኱Ꮫධヨ඲య࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ
㧗኱᥋⥆ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ⥲ྜⓗ࡞᳨ウࡀᚲせࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶゝࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ
㧗኱ࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ᥋⥆ࡢၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚୰ᩍᑂ࡛㆟ㄽࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠾࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺
ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡎ୰ᩍᑂࡢ㧗ᰯ㒊఍ࡀࠊᐇࡣࡑࡢࡕࡻࡗ࡜๓࠿ࡽࢫࢱ࣮
ࢺࡋ࡚࠾ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ኱Ꮫධヨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࢆጞࡵࡲࡋ࡚ࠊᖹᡂᖺ
㸯᭶࡟ᑂ㆟⤒㐣ሗ࿌ࢆ୰ᩍᑂࡢ㧗ᰯ㒊఍ࡀྲྀࡾࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡉࡽ࡟୰ᩍ

－17－ᑂࡢ୰࡟㧗኱᥋⥆㒊఍ࢆࡘࡃࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊᖹᡂᖺ㸷᭶࡟ᐇ㉁ⓗ࡞ᑂ㆟ࢆࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡉࡏࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ୰ᩍᑂࡢ㧗኱᥋⥆㒊఍ࡣᖹᡂᖺ㸳᭶ࡲ࡛࡟㸵ᅇᑂ㆟ࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢ➼ࢆ⢭ຊⓗ࡟㔜ࡡ࡚ࡇࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺୰࡛ࠊᖹᡂᖺ㸴᭶㸴᪥࡟ࠊ⥲⌮ࡢࡶ࡜࡟ࡘࡃࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓᩍ⫱෌⏕ᐇ⾜఍㆟ࡀ኱Ꮫධヨࡢ㆟ㄽࢆࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡉࡏࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ➨㸯ᅇࡢᩍ⫱෌⏕ᐇ⾜఍㆟ࡢ኱Ꮫධヨࡢ㆟ㄽࡢ㝿࡟ࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ୰ᩍᑂ㧗኱᥋⥆㒊఍ࡢ㆟ㄽࡢෆᐜ࡟
ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᏳす㒊఍㛗࠿ࡽࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᩍ⫱෌⏕ᐇ⾜఍㆟ࡣཤࡿᖹᡂᖺ᭶᪥࡟ࠊ෌⏕ᐇ⾜఍㆟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ➨㸲ḟᥦゝ࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ኱Ꮫධヨ࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡿᥦゝࢆྲྀࡾࡲ࡜ࡵࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ⌧ᅾࡲ࡛ࡢ≧ἣ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ௒ᚋࠊࡇࡢᥦゝࢆཷࡅࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ୰ᩍᑂ࡛ࡣ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ㒊఍ࠊ㧗኱᥋⥆㒊఍ࢆ෌㛤࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡛㆟ㄽࢆ῝ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࢁ࠺࠿࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㧗኱᥋⥆㒊఍ࡣ᪤࡟᭶㸶᪥࡟㆟ㄽࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊᐇࡣ⚾ࡀぢࡿ㝈ࡾࠊᩍ⫱෌⏕ᐇ⾜఍㆟ࡢᥦゝࡶࠊࡇࡢ㸳᭶ࡲ࡛㧗኱᥋⥆㒊఍࡛㆟ㄽࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜࡜ࡑ
࠺኱ࡁࡃࡣ㐪ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ௒ᚋࡢ㆟ㄽࡣࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࠶ࡾ
ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊẚ㍑ⓗࢫ࣒࣮ࢬ࡟࠸ࡃࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡾ
ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛᭱㏆ࡢ኱Ꮫධヨࢆࡵࡄࡿ୍㐃ࡢ⤒⦋ࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ
ᑡࡋ኱Ꮫධヨࡢ⌧ᐇࡢ≧ἣࡸෆᐜࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
㸦㖹㇂┾⨾Ặࣃ࣮࣏࣡࢖ࣥࢺ㈨ᩱཧ↷㸧‫ۑ‬኱Ꮫධヨࢆࡵࡄࡿ≧ἣࡢኚ໬
ࡲࡎࠊධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢཧຍᰯ➼ࡢ≧ἣ࡛ࡍࠋᖹᡂ㸰ᖺ࡟ጞࡲࡾࡲࡋࡓධヨ
ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡟ཧຍࡍࡿᏛᰯࡣ࡝ࢇ࡝ࢇቑ࠼࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣࠊᅜබ
❧኱ࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ⚾Ꮫࡶᰯࢆ㉸࠼ࡿཧຍ≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ḟ࡟ࠊ኱ᏛධᏛᚿ㢪⪅࡟༨ࡵࡿࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ཷ㦂⪅ࡢ๭ྜࡣ㸵๭ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ≧ἣ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ኱Ꮫཷ㦂ࢆࡋࡼ࠺࡜ᛮ࠺ேࡣࠊ࠾࠾ࡴࡡࡇࡢࢭࣥࢱ
࣮ヨ㦂ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋᐇࡣࠊཷࡅ࡞࠸ேࡣ኱Ꮫ࡟⾜࠿࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࡣ
࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ㸿㹍ධヨࠊ᥎⸀ධヨ࡞࡝࡛᪤࡟኱ᏛධᏛࡀỴࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿேࡀከ࠸ࡢ࡛
ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜᥎ ࡉࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ⌧ᅾࠊṓேཱྀࡣῶࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡀጞࡲࡾࡲࡋࡓᖹᡂᖺ
ࡇࢁࡣ୓ே࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓṓேཱྀࡀࠊ⌧ᅾࡣ୓ேࢆษࡿ≧ἣ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ
ࡲࡍࠋ୍᪉࡛኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫ⋡ࡣࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡀጞࡲࡾࡲࡋࡓࡇࢁ㸲ᖺไ኱Ꮫࡣ㸣ࡄࡽ࠸࡛࡛ࡋࡓࡀࠊᖹᡂᖺ࡛ࡣ㸣࡜ࠊ༙ศࡣ㸲ᖺไ኱Ꮫ࡬⾜ࡃ࡜࠸࠺᫬௦

－18－

࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊṓேཱྀࡣῶࡗ࡚ࡶࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢཷ㦂⪅⮬యࡣ࠶ࡲࡾῶࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺≧ἣࡀ⥆࠸࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ୍᪉࡛ࠊ኱Ꮫࡢ཰ᐜຊࡀୖ᪼ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊධᏛᐃဨࢆ‶ࡓࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸኱
Ꮫࡀቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ἣࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⌧ᅾࠊ኱Ꮫࡢ࠸ࢃࡺࡿᚿ㢪⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿධᏛ
ᐃဨࡢ๭ྜࡣ㸣ࠊ཰ᐜຊࡣ㸣࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ୍᪉࡛ࠊධᏛ
ᐃဨࢆ‶ࡓࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸⚾❧኱Ꮫࡀ㸣࡜࠸࠺≧ἣࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᪥ᮏࡔࡅࡀ㐍Ꮫ⋡ࡀୖ᪼ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ㹍㹃㹁㹂ྛᅜࡢᖹᆒ኱Ꮫ
㐍Ꮫ⋡ࡣ㸣ࢆ㉸࠼࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊୡ⏺ⓗ࡟ぢ࡚ࡶࠊ௒ࠊ኱Ꮫ࡬⾜ࡃࡢࡀᙜࡓࡾ๓ࡢ᫬௦࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊ㧗➼Ꮫᰯࢆ༞ᴗࡋ࡚ᑵ⫋ࡍࡿேࡢ๭
ྜࡀࡄࢇࡄࢇῶࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㧗༞ࡢồேᩘࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡲࡍ࡜ࠊࢭࣥ
ࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡀጞࡲࡗࡓࡇࢁࡣ୓ேࡄࡽ࠸࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ⌧ᅾࡣ㧗ᰯ࡟ᑐࡍࡿồேࡀ୓ேࡄࡽ࠸ࡋ࠿࡞࠸≧ἣ࡛ࠊ㧗➼Ꮫᰯࢆฟࡓࡔࡅ࡛ᑵ⫋࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ኱ኚ
㞴ࡋ࠸᫬௦࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀゝ࠼ࡿࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬኱Ꮫᨵ㠉ᐇ⾜ࣉࣛࣥ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺≧ἣࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ㧗኱᥋⥆㒊఍࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᩍ⫱෌⏕ᐇ⾜఍㆟ࡀ㆟ㄽࢆጞࡵࡿ➃⥴࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢၥ㢟ࢆ᳨ドࡋࡓᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡀࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊࠕ኱Ꮫᨵ㠉ᐇ⾜ࣉࣛࣥࠖࢆᖹᡂᖺ㸴᭶ࡈࢁ࡟ࡘࡃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃ
ࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚୰ᩍᑂ࡛㧗኱᥋⥆ࡢᑂ㆟ࢆ࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍ
ࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ኱Ꮫධヨࡢᨵ㠉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ኱ࡁࡃ㸰ࡘࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡇ࠺࡜ࡋ
࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㸯ࡘࡣࠊ㧗ᰯᩍ⫱࠿ࡽ୍㈏ࡋࡓ㉁ಖド࡬࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋධヨࡢᨵ㠉ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࠊ㧗➼Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ⮬ᚊⓗ࡟⮬ࡽࡢᨵ㠉ࢆ࠶ࢃࡏ࡚㐍ࡵ࡚࠸࠿࡞࠸࡜ࠊ኱Ꮫධヨࡢᨵ㠉ࡣ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛
࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ௒ࡣ኱Ꮫධヨ࡟࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ᶵ⬟ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ㐣ࡂ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ
౛࠼ࡤྛ኱Ꮫࡢᩍ⫱Ỉ‽ࡢ☜ಖࡸᏛ⏕ࡢ㉁ࡢಖドࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆᢸಖࡍࡿࡶ
ࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ධヨࡣᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣ኱Ꮫഃ࡛ᩍ⫱ࡢ඘ᐇࢆᅗࡿ୰
࡛ࡁࡕࢇ࡜ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࡯ࡋ࠸ࠋ୍᪉ࠊ㧗ᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛຊࡢ≧ἣࡢᢕᥱࠊ㧗ᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᖜᗈ࠸Ꮫ⩦ࡢ☜ಖࠊ㧗ᰯ⏕ࡢᏛ⩦ពḧࡢႏ㉳ࡲ࡛ࡀධᏛヨ㦂ࠊ኱Ꮫධヨ࡟ࡑࡢᙺ๭࡜ࡋ࡚ᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ㧗ᰯᩍ⫱ࡢ୰࡛ࡋࡗ࠿ࡾࡸࡗ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆၥ㢟ᥦ㉳ࡋ࡚ࠊ㆟ㄽࢆ㛤ጞࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓ
ࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡉࡽ࡟ࡶ࠺୍Ⅼࡣࠊᩍ⛉ࡢ▱㆑೫㔜ࡢධヨ࠿ࡽከ㠃ⓗࠊ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ホ౯ࢆ⾜࠼ࡿࠊྛ኱Ꮫࡀ୎ᑀ࡟㑅ᢤࡍࡿධヨ࡬ࡢ㌿᥮࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆࠊࡇࡢࠕ኱Ꮫᨵ㠉ᐇ⾜ࣉ࡛ࣛࣥࠖࡣᮃࢇࡔࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊฟ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡢࡀࠊඛ࡯࡝⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡋࡓ㧗኱᥋⥆㒊఍ࡢᏳ－19－

す఍㛗ࡢࣉࣞࢮ࡛ࣥ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡋࠊࡲࡓࠊࡑࢀࡽࡶ༑ศཧ⪃࡟ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡈᑂ㆟࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿᩍ⫱෌⏕ᐇ⾜఍㆟ࡢᥦゝ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬ᩍ⫱෌⏕ᐇ⾜఍㆟ࡢᥦゝ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᩍ⫱෌⏕ᐇ⾜఍㆟ࡢ➨㸲ḟᥦゝࡢ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࢆ⡆༢࡟ࡈ⤂௓ࡉࡏ࡚࠸
ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ ᥦゝ࡛ࡣࠊ㐩ᡂᗘࢸࢫࢺࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࠊࠕⓎᒎࣞ࣋ࣝࠖ࡜ࠕᇶ♏ࣞ࣋ࣝࠖ࡜࠸࠺㸰ࡘࡢࢸࢫࢺࢆᵓ᝿࠸ࡓࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡎࠕⓎᒎࣞ࣋ࣝࠖࡣࠊྛ኱Ꮫ
ࡀồࡵࡿᏛຊỈ‽ࡢ㐩ᡂᗘࡢุᐃ࡟✚ᴟⓗ࡟ά⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡇ࠺ࠊྛ኱Ꮫ࡛ᇶ♏㈨᱁࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝ࢆಁ㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡇ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡓࡔࠊヨ㦂ࢆㄢࡍᩍ⛉࣭⛉┠ࢆ຺᱌ࡋ࡚ࠊ」ᩘᅇᩘࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚ࡣ࡝࠺࠿ࠋ
ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊ▱㆑೫㔜ࡢ㸯Ⅼ้ࡳࡢ㑅ᢥ࡜࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊヨ㦂⤖ᯝࢆࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟
ᛂࡌ࡚ẁ㝵ⓗ࡟⾲♧ࡋ࡚ࡣ࡝࠺࠿ࠋࣃࢵ࡜ぢࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ⌧ᅾࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡜ࡢ኱ࡁ࡞㐪࠸ࡣࠊࡇࡢ」ᩘᅇᩘ࡜ࠊヨ㦂⤖ᯝࡣࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ẁ㝵ู࡟⾲♧࡜
࠸࠺Ⅼ࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡓࡔࡋࠊ⌧ᅾࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡛ࡶࠊྛ኱Ꮫࡀಶูヨ㦂ࡢ㝿࡟࡝࠺౑࠺࠿ࡣྛ
኱Ꮫ࡛ࡢุ᩿࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊᐇࡣࠕヨ㦂⤖ᯝࡣࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ẁ㝵ู࡟⾲♧ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊᐇ㉁ⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ⚾ࡣࡶ࠺ྛ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊၥ㢟ࡣࠊࡇࡢ」ᩘᅇ࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡇࢁ࠿࡞࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠶࡜ࡣࠊࡑࢀ࡯࡝ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡜ࡣ㐪ࢃ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡓࡔࠊ㸰ࡘㄢ㢟ࡀṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࠕⓎᒎࣞ࣋ࣝࠖࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟タᐃࡍࡿ࠿ࡣࠊࡼࡃࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣࠊヨ㦂ࡢෆᐜࡀᩍ
⛉࣭⛉┠ࡔࡅ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࢀ࡜ࡶ⬟ຊࠊࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࡞࡝ࡶࡣ࠿ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜࡟
࡞ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࡢ㎶ࡶࡼࡃࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋከศᩍ⛉࣭⛉┠ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠋ ࡶ࠺୍᪉ࠊࠕᇶ♏ࣞ࣋ࣝࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛୰ᩍᑂࡢ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ㒊఍࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ୰ᩍᑂࡢ㧗኱᥋⥆㒊఍࡛ࡶࠊࠕ㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡢ㐩ᡂᗘࢸࢫࢺࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࡼ
ࡃゝࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋᏛ⩦฿㐩ᗘࢸࢫࢺ࡜࠿࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ゝ࠸᪉ࢆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲ
ࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑࢀ࡜㠀ᖖ࡟㏆࠸ࡶࡢࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㧗ᰯࡢᇶ♏ⓗࠊඹ㏻ⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦㐩ᡂᗘࢆᐈほⓗ࡟ᢕᥱࡋࠊᏛᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᣦᑟᨵၿ࡟⏕࠿ࡍࠋ᥎⸀ධヨ࣭㸿㹍ධヨ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᇶ♏Ꮫຊࡢุᐃ࡟㝿ࡋ࡚ά⏝ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࠋ࠶࡜ࡣ」ᩘᅇࠊᇶ♏
ⓗ࣭ඹ㏻ⓗ࡞ᩍ⛉࣭⛉┠ࠊࡑࡋ࡚኱Ꮫ࡟⾜࠿࡞࠸Ꮚ౪࡛ࡶ㧗ᰯࡢᏛ⩦≧ἣࢆᢕᥱ࡛ࡁࡿࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࢸࢫࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ౑࠼ࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ࠺ࡓࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛
࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡇ࡛ࡶၥ㢟ࡣࠊ」ᩘᅇ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ࡝࠺࠸࠺ព࿡࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊᇶ♏ⓗ࣭ඹ㏻ⓗ࡞ᩍ⛉࣭⛉┠࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ࡝ࡇࡲ࡛࡞ࡢ࠿ࠋ౛࠼ࡤᅜ࣭ᩘ࣭ⱥࡔࡅ࡟ࡍࡿ

－20－ࡢ࠿ࠊࡶࡗ࡜ከᩍ⛉࡟ࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢࢸࢫࢺࡲ࡛ྵࡴࡢ࠿ࠊ
ࡇࡢ㎶ࡀࡲࡔࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡢ᳨ウㄢ㢟ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡇࡢᇶ♏ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢࢸࢫࢺࢆ㧗ᰯࡢ༢఩ཬࡧ༞ᴗࡢㄆᐃࡸ኱
ᏛධᏛ㈨᱁ࡢࡓࡵࡢ᮲௳࡜ࡣࡋ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ኱Ꮫධヨࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᑵ
⫋ࡍࡿᏊࡶࠊ㧗ᰯ⏕࡛࠶ࢀࡤࡳࢇ࡞ཷࡅ࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓࡽ࠸࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸ࡗ
ࡓࢽࣗ࢔ࣥࢫࡀឤࡌࡽࢀࡿᥦ᱌࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ௒ᚋࠊ୺࡜ࡋ࡚୰ᩍᑂࡢ㧗኱᥋⥆㒊఍ࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ㧗ᰯ㒊఍࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢࢸࢫ
ࢺࡢࡇ࡜ࢆྵࡵࠊධヨࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ㆟ㄽࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ⌧ᅾࡢ≧ἣࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲ
ࡍࠋ‫ۑ‬኱Ꮫධヨࢆ⪃࠼ࡿどⅬ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ᭱ᚋ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ⚾࡞ࡾ࡟ࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡢ኱Ꮫධヨࢆ⪃࠼ࡿୖ࡛ᗄࡘ࠿ࡢどⅬࢆࡈᥦ᱌ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
 ➨㸯Ⅼࡣࠊึ➼࣭୰➼ᩍ⫱ࠊࡘࡲࡾ㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡲ࡛࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛຊಖドࠊᏛຊᢕᥱࡢ᪉⟇ࢆ࡝࠺ࡍࡿ࠿ࠊࡐࡦ⪃࠼࡚࡯ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⌧ᅾࠊᑠᏛᰯࡣ㸴ᖺ⏕ࠊ୰Ꮫᰯࡣ㸱ᖺ⏕ࠊᜳⓙ࡛඲ᅜᏛຊ࣭Ꮫ⩦≧ἣㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡣࡸࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊ㹒㹇㹋㹑㹑ࡣᑠᏛᰯ㸲ᖺ⏕ࠊ୰Ꮫᰯ㸰ᖺ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ᢳฟ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ㹍㹃㹁㹂࣭㹎㹇㹑㸿ࡣ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ㸯ᖺ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࠊࡇࢀࡶᢳฟ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋᏛຊ࣭Ꮫ⩦≧ἣㄪᰝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁࡈᢈุࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ⚾ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᏊ౪ࡓࡕࡢ
Ꮫຊྥୖࡸᣦᑟᨵၿ࡞࡝࡟ࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࡞㈉⊩ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࠊᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
ࡸࡗ࡚ࡼ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㧗ᰯ∧Ꮫຊㄪᰝࢆ࡝࠺ࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊᐇ㝿኱ࡁ࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᢳฟ
ࡢᏛຊㄪᰝࡣࡸࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊᜳⓙࡢㄪᰝࡣࠊ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽ
㧗ᰯࡢᏛຊㄪᰝࢆ࡝࠺ࡍࡿ࠿ࠊࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࢆྵࡵ࡚㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛຊᢕᥱࡢ
᪉⟇ࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀࡢཧ⪃࡟࡞ࡿࡢࡀࠊ౛࠼ࡤ㧗༞ㄆᐃヨ㦂࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣ௒ࠊࡓࡋ࠿㸴⛉┠࡛ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡇࢀ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ࡝࠺ࡍࡿ࠿ࠋ௒ᅇࡢᇶ♏ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ㐩ᡂࢸࢫࢺࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣࠊࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᢤࡁ࡟ࡣ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠸
ࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊᑠ࣭୰ࡢᘏ㛗࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㧗ᰯ∧Ꮫຊㄪᰝࡢၥ㢟ࠊ㧗༞ㄆᐃヨ㦂ࡢၥ㢟ࠊࡇࢀࡽ࡜㐩ᡂᗘࢸࢫࢺࡢࠕᇶ♏ࣞ࣋ࣝࠖࡢࢸࢫࢺࢆ࡝࠺࠸࠺ࡩ࠺࡟⪃࠼ࡿࡢ࠿ࠋࡑࡢሙྜࠊᑠ࣭୰ࡢᏛຊࢸࢫࢺࡣ㸿ၥ㢟ࠊ㹀ၥ㢟ࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲ
ࡍࠋᩍ⛉ࡢ▱㆑ෆᐜ࡟୰ᚰࢆ⨨࠸ࡓ㸿ၥ㢟࡜ࠊᐇ⏕ά࡬ࡢά⏝ຊ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜
࡟㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨ࡁࡲࡋࡓ㹎㹇㹑㸿ᆺࡢ㹀ၥ㢟ࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ㧗ᰯࡢሙྜࠊᩍ
⛉ᆺࠊࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᆺࠊ࡝࠺࠸࠺ࡩ࠺࡟ᣨ㓄ࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࡶࡼࡃ⪃࠼࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩍ⛉ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࡍࡿ࠿ࠋᐇ᪋Ꮫᖺࡣ࡝

－21－࠺ࡍࡿ࠿ࠋᅇᩘࡣࠋࡘࡵࡓ㆟ㄽࡀᚲせ࡛ࡍࠋ ➨㸰Ⅼࡣࠊᐇࡣ௒ࠊᡃࡀᅜࡢᩍ
⫱ࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡢ㸯ࡘࡣࠊ㧗➼Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࢆ࡝࠺⪃࠼ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜⚾ࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲࡢᨵṇࠊᏛᰯᩍ⫱ἲࡢᨵṇࢆᖹᡂᖺࠊᖺ࡜⾜ࡗ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ࡜ࡁ㆟ㄽࡢ୰ᚰࡣࠊ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶᑠ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ㸪⩏ົᩍ⫱࡛ࡋࡓࠋᏛᰯᩍ⫱ἲ࡟࠾ࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛ᑠᏛᰯࠊ୰Ꮫᰯู࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓᩍ
⫱┠ᶆࢆ⩏ົᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚⤫୍ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆࡸࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ㸷ᖺ㛫ࡢ⩏ົᩍ⫱࡛ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡢຊࢆ⫱࡚ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ኱᪉ࡢඹឤࡣᚓࡽࢀࡓ
ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᑠᏛᰯࠊ୰Ꮫᰯ࡜ࡶ௒ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ほⅬ࠿ࡽࠊ⩏ົᩍ⫱࡜ࡋ࡚ᑠ࣭୰୍㈏࡜࠸࠸ࡲࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠊ㸷ᖺ㛫ࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ࡜
࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛㝶ศື࠸࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡓࡔࠊၥ㢟ࡣ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡍࠋ௒ᅇࡢᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲࡢ୰࡟ࡶࠕ㧗➼Ꮫᰯࠖ࡜࠸࠺
ゝⴥࡣฟ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࠕ⩏ົᩍ⫱ࠖࡣฟ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࠋࠕ኱Ꮫࠖࠕ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࠖࡶฟ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࠕ㧗➼Ꮫᰯࠖࡀࡕࡻࡗ࡜௒ࠊࡸࡣࡾᡃࠎ࡜ࡋ᳨࡚ウࡀ୙༑ศ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜⚾ࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊᡓᚋࠊ᪂ไ㧗ᰯ࡜ࡋ࡚㧗ᰯ୕ཎ๎࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡢࡶ࡜
࡟Ⓨ㊊࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ௒ࠊࡑࡢ୕ཎ๎ࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ᛶ᱁ࢆᣢࡗࡓ㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡣࡔࢇࡔࢇᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊᛶ᱁ࡀ㧗ᰯࡈ࡜࡟ศ࠿ࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ኱Ꮫ
㐍Ꮫࢆ┠ᣦࡍ㧗➼Ꮫᰯࠊ࠸ࢃࡤ኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫ‽ഛᩍ⫱ࢆ⾜࠺㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡑࢀ
࠿ࡽᑓ㛛ᩍ⫱ࢆ୺࡜ࡋ࡚⾜࠺㧗➼Ꮫᰯࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢᆅᇦ࡟ࡣࡑࡢ㧗ᰯࡋ࠿࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛⥲ྜⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱ࢆ⾜࠺㧗➼ᏛᰯࠋᏊ౪ࡢ㉁ࡶࠊࡶࡢࡍࡈࡃᗈࡀࡾ
ࢆᣢࡗࡓࠊ㑅ูࡢ㍯ษࡾࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠊࡑࡢᆅᇦ࡟ࡣࡑࡢ㧗ᰯࡋ࠿࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ୰㧗୍㈏࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ୰Ꮫᰯ࡜㐃ᦠࠊ୍㈏ࡋࡓ
ᩍ⫱ࢆ⾜࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ኱Ꮫ㝃ᒓࡢ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊཷ㦂࠿ࡽ㛤ᨺࡉࢀ࡚ࡑࡢ㧗ᰯ⊂⮬ࡢᰯ㢼࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ㟷ᖺᮇࡢᩍ⫱࡜࠸࠸ࡲࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ୍⏕ᠱ࿨ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
 ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽ኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫ‽ഛᩍ⫱ࠊᑓ㛛ᩍ⫱ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑࡢ୧᪉ࢆᘬࡁཷࡅࡊࡿࢆ
ᚓ࡞࠸㧗➼Ꮫᰯࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊṓ࠿ࡽṓࡲ࡛ࡢ㟷ᖺᮇࡢᏊ౪ࡓࡕࢆᘬࡁཷࡅࡿࠊ⩏ົᩍ⫱ᚋࡢᚋᮇ୰➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㧗➼Ꮫᰯࠊࡇࢀࢆ࡝࠺఩⨨࡙ࡅ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࠿ࡣࠊ
ᩍ⫱⏺࡛ࡐࡦ┿๢࡟⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ㄢ㢟ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࡞ࡃࡋ࡚
኱Ꮫධヨࡢၥ㢟ࡣㄒࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ࠊᐇࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
 㸱Ⅼ┠࡛ࡍࡀࠊ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࡢᨵၿࡶ࠶ࢃࡏ࡚⪃࠼࡚࠸࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡢࡣ
ᙜ↛࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ௒ࠊぢ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ኱Ꮫ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ◊✲ࠊᩍ⫱ࠊᆅᇦ㈉⊩ࠊ㸱ࡘࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊྛ኱Ꮫࡣࡲࡉ࡟⏕ࡁṧࡾࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒ
ࢀࡢࡈᕤኵࠊࡈດຊࢆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡑࢀࡒ
ࢀࡢ኱Ꮫࡢ⨨࠿ࢀࡓ≧ἣࡣ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ௨ୖ࡟␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⮬－22－ศࡢ኱Ꮫࡢ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥࡣఱ࠿ࠊ⮬ศࡢ኱Ꮫࡢࢫࢱࣥࢫࡣ࡝ࡇ࡟⨨ࡃࡢ࠿ࢆ᫂☜࡟ࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࢆୡ㛫࡟࢔ࣆ࣮ࣝࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀ࡛ホ౯ࡉࢀ࡞࠸኱Ꮫࡣࠊṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽࡔࢇࡔࢇᙳࡀⷧࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࡶࡸࡴࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿࡞࡜࠸࠺Ẽࡶ࠸ࡓࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡓࡔࡋࠊ⚾ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ኱Ꮫࡢ㐍Ꮫ⋡ࡣࡲࡔࡲࡔ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠾
ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࠊከศࠊ኱Ꮫ඲ධࡇࡑᑗ᮶ࡢጼ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࡛
ࡍ࠿ࡽྠୡ௦ࠊࡘࡲࡾṓ࠿ࡽṓࡲ࡛ࡢ㟷ᖺࡣ኱Ꮫ࡛ᘬࡁཷࡅࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࡶ
ࡕࢁࢇ኱Ꮫࣉࣛࢫ▷ᮇ኱ᏛࠊᑓಟᏛᰯࢆྵࡵ࡚ࡢヰ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊṓ࠿ࡽṓࡲ࡛ࡣᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵࡛ᘬࡁཷࡅࡿࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺᫬௦ࡀ᮶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ㄆ㆑ࡢࡶ࡜
࡟ࠊࡓࡔࡋࠊࡑࡢ㟷ᖺࡓࡕࡣከ✀ከᵝ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ㄆ㆑ࡢࡶ࡜࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ
኱Ꮫࡀࠕ⮬ศࡢ኱Ꮫࡣࡇࡢࣃ࣮ࢺࢆཷࡅᣢࡘࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ኱Ꮫࡢ
᪉㔪ࢆỴࡵࠊᩍ⫱ࢆ඘ᐇࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᪥ᮏࡢ኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫ⋡ࡣࠊ⚾ࡣࡶࡗ࡜㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀ
ࡀ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࠿࡞࠸࡜ࠊ᪥ᮏ♫఍ࡣ㏫࡟࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࠿࡞࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ
ព࿡࡛ࠊ኱Ꮫࡣࡶࡗ࡜ࡶࡗ࡜♫఍࡜ࡢ㐃ᦠࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⚾ࡣ㛗ࡃึ➼࣭୰➼ᩍ⫱࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡗ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣࠕ⏘ᴗᩍ⫱ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ᫛࿴ᖺ௦ࠊᖺ௦ࠊ㧗ᰯࢆฟࡲࡍ࡜ᑵ
⫋ࡍࡿᏊ౪ࡀࡓࡃࡉࢇ࠸ࡓࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ࡛⏘ᴗ⏺࡜㧗➼Ꮫᰯഃࡀ㐃ᦠࡋ࡚ࠊ⏘ᴗ⏺ࡢせᮃࡶ⪺ࡃࠊࡑࡢ࠿ࢃࡾ⏘ᴗ⏺࡟ࡶ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ༞ᴗࡢᏊ౪ࡓࡕࢆ
ཷࡅධࢀ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠊ཮᪉༠ຊࡋྜ࠸࡞ࡀࡽ㧗➼Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࢆࡼࡃࡋ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺ࠋ⏘ᴗᩍ⫱᣺⯆఍࡜࠸࠺ࡑ࠺࠸࠺㊃᪨ࡢ㞟ࡲࡾࡶྛᆅ࡟࡛ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡟ࡣࠊࠕ㐍㊰ᣦᑟࠖࡢࡓࡵࡢ⤌⧊ࡀࡓࡃࡉࢇ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࡑࢀࡣ኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࠕᑵ⫋ᣦᑟࠖࠕ⏕ࡁ᪉ᣦᑟࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛Ꮚ౪
ࡓࡕࢆ♫఍࡟㏦ࡾฟࡍࠊࡘࡲࡾ㧗ᰯࡀ᭱ᚋࡢᏛᰯ⏕ά࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊᏛᰯ⏕ά࠿ࡽ♫఍࡬Ꮚ౪ࢆ㏦ࡾฟࡍ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ኱ኚ኱஦࡞ࡇ࡜࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊ♫఍࡟ฟࡓࡽࡇ࠺⾜ࡃࢇࡔࡼࠊ࡝࠺࠸࠺௙஦ࢆ㑅ࡪࠊ࡝࠺࠸࠺኱Ꮫ࡬⾜ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᏊ౪ࡓࡕ
࡟㐍㊰ࢆ⪃࠼ࡉࡏࡿࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ᩍ⫱ࡀ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣ⇕ᚰ࡟⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ྠᵝ࡟኱Ꮫ࡜௻ᴗࠊ♫఍ࠊࡇࡇࡢ⤖ࡧࡘࡁ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ⏘Ꮫඹྠࡣ᭱㏆ࡼࡃゝࢃࢀࡲࡍࡀࠊ኱Ꮫࡣࠊᅾᰯ⏕ࡢ㐍㊰࡟㈐௵ࢆᣢࡘࡼ࠺࡞ጼໃ࡛኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࢆࡸࡗ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣ࡝ࢇ࡞኱Ꮫ࡛ࡶࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ௒ࠊᑵ⫋ịἙᮇ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚ஂࡋ࠸ࢃ
ࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡓࡔ༢࡟㸲ᖺ㛫࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㸴ᖺ㛫ᅾᰯ⏕ࢆ㡸࠿ࡗ࡚♫఍࡟ᨺࡾฟࡍࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣ᪥ᮏࡢ኱Ꮫࡣ⏕ࡁᘏࡧࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜
ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ኱Ꮫධヨࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࡁࡶࠊ㧗ᰯഃࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛኱Ꮫഃ࡟࠶ࡲࡾ≀ࢆゝࢃ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡸࡣࡾཷࡅධࢀ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺࠿ࡽࠋ࡛ࡶ௒ࠊ㧗ᰯഃࡣⓎಙࡋ

－23－ࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ኱Ꮫഃࡶࡶࡗ࡜ࡶࡗ࡜௻ᴗࠊ♫఍࡟ⓎಙࡋࠊⓎゝࡋࠊࡲࡓ௻ᴗࠊ♫఍ࡀᮏᙜ࡟ᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿேᮦࢆࡁࡕࢇ࡜㣴ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸࠿࡞࠸
࡜᪥ᮏࡢ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࡣ࠶ࡸ࠺࠸࡜⚾ࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ⚾ࡣࠊ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࡣࠊ௒ࠊኚࢃࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡶࡗ࡜ኚ
ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡣ኱㒔ᕷᅪ࡟࠶ࡿ኱Ꮫࡶ኱ኚࡔ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᆅ᪉ࡢ኱Ꮫࡣ௒ࠊᆅᇦ㐃ᦠࠊᆅᇦ㈉⊩࡟ຊࢆධࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬ศࡢᆅᇦࡢ㧗ᰯ⏕࡟ࡣ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ኱Ꮫ࡟᮶࡚ࡶ
ࡽ࠾࠺࡜࠸࠺ືࡁࡀฟ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋྛᆅ᪉኱Ꮫࡣᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࡢ୰᰾࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢືࡁࢆぢࡏ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣ⛅⏣⏕ࢀ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ⛅⏣࡛ࡶࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞࡜
ࡇࢁ࡛ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ືࡁࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ௒ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ࠊ౛࠼ࡤᏛᰯࡢྠ❆఍࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ୍␒┒ࢇ࡞ࡢࡣ㧗ᰯࡢྠ❆఍࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀࡣᆅᇦ♫఍࡜ᐦ᥋࡟⤖ࡧࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛ࠊࡋ࠿ࡶ㟷ᖺᮇࡢᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕᆅ᪉ࡢ኱Ꮫࡢྠ❆఍ࡀ୍␒┒ࢇ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸࡞࡜ᛮ࠺ࡄࡽ࠸ࡢẼᣢࡕࢆࠊ௒ࠊᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡢධヨࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࡁࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊ㧗ᰯᩍ⫱ࡢᏛຊಖドၥ㢟ࠊ㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢၥ㢟ࠊ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࡢ඘ᐇࡢヰࢆࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ➨Ⅼ┠࡟ࠊධヨࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊ⚾ࡣࠊඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺࡣᚲせࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺
๓ᥦ࡛ࠊ࡝࠺࠸࠺ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢࢸࢫࢺ࡛࠶ࡿ࡭ࡁ࠿ࠊᩍ⛉ᆺ࡞ࡢ࠿⬟ຊᆺ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊ
ࡑࡇࢆ┿๢࡟⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⚾ࡣࠊࡸࡣࡾඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺࢆ኱Ꮫཷ㦂ࡍࡿ㧗ᰯ⏕ࡳࢇ࡞ࡀཷࡅࡿࠊࡑࡢୖ࡛ࠊ
㸿㹍࡜࠿᥎⸀࡜࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣಶูࡢᏛຊヨ㦂࡜࠿ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡸࡾ᪉ࢆࡍࡿࡢࡀ
࠸࠸ࡢ࠿࡞࡜࠸࠺Ẽࡀ᭱㏆ࡔࢇࡔࢇࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊඹ㏻ヨ㦂࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺๓ᥦ࡛ࠊ኱Ꮫ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶ㧗ᰯ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶ᭱ࡶᮃࡲࡋ࠸ヨ㦂ࡣఱ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡃࠊࡇࢀࡀ኱஦࡞ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
 㸳Ⅼ┠ࡣࠊࡸࡣࡾࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞どⅬ࡛⪃࠼࡚࠸࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤࡔࡵࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜
࡛ࡍࠋ᫖᪥ࠊ⚾ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟࠶ࡿேࡀゼࡡ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ᪉ࡣ᪥ᮏே࡛ࡍ
ࡀࠊ௒ࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ᅜ⡠ࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻ࡛
ㄒᏛᏛᰯࠊⱥㄒࡢᏛᰯࢆ㸱ᰯ⤒Ⴀࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᪥ᮏேࡀࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿㄒᏛᏛᰯࡔ࠿ࡽࠊᏛ⏕ࡣࡉࡒ࠿ࡋ᪥ᮏேࡀከ࠸ࡢ࠿࡞࡜
ᛮࡗࡓࡽࠊ᪥ᮏேࡣ㸲ศࡢ㸯௨ୗࡔࡑ࠺࡛ࡋ࡚ࠊከ࠸ࡢࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔ྛᅜ࡜ࣇࣛࣥ
ࢫࡢேࡔࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ୰࡛ࡶࠊࣇ࢕ࣜࣆࣥࡣⱥㄒࡀබ⏝ㄒ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࣇ࢕
ࣜࣆࣥࡢேࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ᮶࡞࠸ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀ௨እࡢྛᅜࡢேࡀ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔
࡟ⱥㄒࡢᏛ⩦࡟᮶࡚࠸ࡿࠋせࡍࡿ࡟ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢᇦෆࡣࡶ࠺඲యࡀⱥㄒ♫఍࡟࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ᙼࡀࡶ࠺୍ࡘヰࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ௻ᴗࡀ୍᫬ᮇࠊࡶࡢࡍࡈࡃ࣮࢜ࢫࢺ
ࣛࣜ࢔࡟㐍ฟࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀከࡃࡣ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣࠕㄒᏛຊ࡜ᅜ㝿ⓗ－24－࡞ࢭࣥࢫࡢ࡞ࡉ࡛ࡍࠖ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡟௦ࢃࡗ࡚ࠊ௒ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ྛᅜࡀ
࡝ࢇ࡝ࢇ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔࡟᮶࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ヰࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᪥ᮏேࡣ㧗ᰯᩍ⫱ࠊ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊࡶ࠺ᑡࡋࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞Ⓨ᝿ࢆࡶࡓ࡞࠸
࡜࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣධヨไᗘࡢᨵၿࠊ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࠊ㧗ᰯᩍ⫱ࡢᨵၿ
ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊእᅜࡢேࡶᏛ࡭ࡿࠊእᅜࡢேࡶཷࡅࡽࢀࡿࠊእᅜࡢேࡶ᪥ᮏே࡜୍
⥴࡟ຮᙉ࡛ࡁࡿࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᪥ᮏேࡶ࡝ࢇ࡝ࢇእᅜ࡬⾜ࡃࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟㈉⊩ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ไᗘࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋࡑࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࠊㅖእᅜ
ࡢධヨไᗘࡶ኱࠸࡟ཧ⪃࡟ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ከศࠊධヨไᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࠕࡇࢀ࡛ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞
࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋゎࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ᪥ᮏேࡢ኱Ꮫධヨ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⪃࠼᪉࡟ࡣࠊෑ㢌⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓࡼ࠺࡟㠀ᖖ࡟㈇ࡢഃ㠃ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾ
ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡴࡋࢁࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡢ♫఍ࢆ⪃࠼ࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣࠊ኱Ꮫධヨࡀኚࢃࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᪥
ᮏ♫఍ࢆ࠸࠸᪉ྥ࡟ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡘࡶࡾ࡛ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡲࡓ㆟ㄽࢆ῝ࡵ࡚࠸ࡅࢀࡤ࠸࠸࡞࡜ࠊ௒ࠊᛮࡗࡓࡾࡶࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ኱Ꮫධヨ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀࠊࠕᩍ⫱ၥ㢟ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶࠕᩍ⫱ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ኱Ꮫධ
ヨ࡟࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࠸࠸᪉ྥ࡟⾜ࡃࡼ࠺࡟࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᫬㛫ࡀཧࡾࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ⚾ࡢヰࡣ⤊ࢃࡽࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࡈΎ⫈࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
‫ྖۑ‬఍ 㖹㇂ඛ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ⱝᖸ࠾᫬㛫ࢆࡕࡻ࠺ࡔ࠸ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊᑡࡋࡈ㉁ၥࢆཷࡅࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲ
ࡍࠋ ᭱ึ࡟ࠊ༗ᚋࡢࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢࣇ࢓ࢩࣜࢸ࣮ࢱ࣮ࢆ࠾ົࡵ࠸ࡓࡔࡃ㹌㹆㹉ゎㄝጤဨࡢ᪩ᕝࡉࢇ࡟ࠊࡲࡎࡣࡈᣦྡ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡦ࡜ࡘࡈ㉁ၥࢆࡕࡻ࠺ࡔ࠸࡛ࡁ
ࢀࡤ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ࠸࠿ࡀ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ 㖹㇂ࡉࢇࠊ࡝࠺ࡶ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡜࡚ࡶ⯆࿡῝࠸ヰ࡛ࠊ኱Ꮫධヨࡢㄢ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ▷࠸᫬㛫୍࡛㏻ࡾ㢌ࡢᩚ⌮ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ࠿࡞࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ኱ኚ࠶ࡾࡀࡓࡃᣏ⫈࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ⚾࠿ࡽࡣ㸱Ⅼ࠾ᑜࡡࡋࡓ࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ㸯ࡘࡣࠊ㖹㇂ࡉࢇࡣ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊධ
ヨࡀኚࢃࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♫఍ࢆࡼࡃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛⥾ࡵᣓࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࡅ
ࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ௨๓ࡼࡾࠊ኱Ꮫධヨࡀኚࢃࢀࡤ㧗ᰯ௨ୗࡢᩍ⫱ࡀኚࢃࡿࠊ኱Ꮫධヨࡀࡼࡃ࡞ࢀࡤ㧗ᰯ௨ୗࡢᩍ⫱ࡀࡼࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀゝࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ
࡝ࡶࠊ㖹㇂ࡉࢇࡈ⮬㌟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊධヨࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㧗ᰯ௨ୗࡢᩍ⫱ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ጼ࡟ኚ࠼ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ᥥ࠿ࢀࡿࡢ࠿ࠋ
 ➨㸰Ⅼࡣࠊ௒ᅇࡢᥦゝࡣ࠶ࡿព࿡ࠊ㸯Ⅼ้ࡳ࡛࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ
Ṕྐⓗ࡟ࡣఱᗘࡶ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡋࠊ⌮ᛕⓗ࡟ࡣࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡇ

－25－

ࢀࡣᤊ࠼ࡿே࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ➨㸰ࡢࡺ࡜ࡾᩍ⫱࡟࡞ࡾࡣࡋ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸ࡗࡓᤊ࠼᪉
ࢆࡍࡿ᪉ࡶ࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ࡝࠺ࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣ
ࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓᢈุࡣᙜࡓࡿࡢ࠿ࠊᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺࠶ࡓࡾࢆ࠾ᑜࡡࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ
 ➨㸱Ⅼ┠ࠊࡇࢀࡣ⚙ၥ⟅ࡳࡓ࠸࡞ヰ࡛⏦ࡋࢃࡅ࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ⏝ㄒࡢヰ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ௒ᅇࡢ㆟ㄽࡢ୰࡛ࡶࠕ㐩ᡂᗘࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥ࡜ࠕ฿㐩ᗘࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀΰᅾࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡣሙ㠃ࠊሙ㠃࡛ఱ࠿౑࠸᪉ࡀ㐪ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ
⚾ࡓࡕ࠿ࡽࡍࡿ࡜ࡼࡃࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸㒊ศ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋึ࣭୰➼ᩍ⫱ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛
ࠕᏛ⩦฿㐩ᗘࠖ࠸࠺ゝⴥࢆ౑ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ୍᪉࡛ࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢഃࡣࠕ㐩ᡂᗘࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࢆ౑ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢇ࡞㐪࠸ࡣ࡞࠸ࡌࡷ࡞࠸࠿࡜
ゝࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࡤ⡆༢࡞ヰ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑࡇ࡟㎸ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿព࿡ྜ࠸ࡀ
ఱ࠿㐪࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺Ẽࡀࡋࡲࡍࠋ 㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢഃࡣࠕ㐩ᡂࡋ࡚ࡇ࠸ࡼࠖ࡜ࠊୖ࠿ࡽୗ࡬࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊึ࣭
୰➼ᩍ⫱࠿ࡽࡍࡿ࡜㧗࠸㡬ࡁ࡟ࠕ฿㐩ࡍࡿࡒࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࡇ
ࡢព࿡ࢆ࡝࠺ᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚㆟ㄽࡍࢀࡤ࠸࠸ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺࠶ࡓࡾࢆࠊึ࣭୰➼ᩍ⫱࡟㛗ᖺᦠࢃࡽࢀࡓ❧ሙ࠿ࡽ࠾ヰࡋࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬㖹㇂Ặ ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛࡜࡚ࡶ⟅࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡲࡎ᭱ึࡢၥ࠸࡛
ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊධヨࡀࡼࡃ࡞ࢀࡤᩍ⫱ࡀኚࢃࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣᮏᙜ࡟ࠊࡳࢇ࡞ゝ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡶ௒᪥ࠊゝ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡇࢀࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡢࡣ࡜࡚ࡶ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡉࡗࡁࡶゝ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㧗➼Ꮫᰯࠊ኱Ꮫࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ୰Ꮫᰯࠊᑠ
Ꮫᰯࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᩍ⫱ࢆࡋࡗ࠿ࡾࡸࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ୍␒኱஦࡞ࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜
⚾ࡣᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ 㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝ࠺࡜ࠊࡉࡗࡁࡶゝ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ⮬యࡣ㸯ࡘࡢᏛᰯ✀࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊᐇࡣᡓᚋࠊ㸯ࡘࡢᏛᰯ✀࡜ࡋ࡚ᵓ᝿ࡉࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࡣ
࡞ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㸯ࡘࡢᏛᰯ✀ࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࡓࡲࡲࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࡣ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ᛶ᱁ࡀ࠶ࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࢆ኱Ꮫࡢࡼ࠺࡟᫂♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࡀࠊ⚾ࡣࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡢ㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡢ┠ᣦࡍ࡭ࡁ᪉ྥ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ᫂♧ࡋࡓࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᏛᰯࡢ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆࠊྛ
Ꮫᰯࡀ㐩ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ࡓࡔࡋࠊ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࡺ࠼ࡢඹ㏻ᛶ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆࠊ࡝ࡇ࠿࡟ᣢࡓ࡞ࡅࢀ
ࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠋᐇࡣࡑࡢඹ㏻ᛶࡣ㧗ᰯ㸯ᖺ⏕࡟ࡔࡅᣢࡓࡏࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀࠊᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ୖࠊ㛗࠸㛫ࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡔࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ୰Ꮫᰯ㸱ᖺࡲ࡛㸷ᖺ㛫ࡢ⩏ົᩍ⫱ࢆ⤊࠼࡚㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡟ධࡗࡓࡽࠊ㧗ᰯ㸯ᖺ⏕࡛⩏ົᩍ⫱ࡢ㸷ᖺ㛫ศࢆ⥲᚟⩦ࡍࡿ࡞ࡾ⥲ᩚ⌮ࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊ㸰ᖺࠊ㸱ᖺ࡛㧗➼Ꮫᰯ⊂⮬ࡢ௜ຍ౯್ࢆࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜
࠸࠺ࡢࡀᇶᮏⓗ࡞࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡔࡗࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊࡑࢀࡣ࡞
࠿࡞࠿࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࠿࡞࠿ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ౛࠼ࡤࠊⓙᵝ᪉ࡈᏑࡌࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ⌧௦♫఍࡜࠸࠺ᩍ⛉ࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚ࠊ୰

－26－

Ꮫᰯࡲ࡛ࡢ♫఍⛉ࡢᏛ⩦ࢆ㸯ᅇ࠾ࡉࡽ࠸ࢆࡍࡿࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍ
ࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡸࡣࡾࡑ࠺࠸࠺⛉┠ࡣ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࠿࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡔ࠿ࡽࠊ㸱ᖺ㛫࡛୰Ꮫᰯࡢ㸷ᖺ㛫ࡢ࠾ࡉࡽ࠸ࢆࡋࡘࡘࡑࡢ㧗ᰯࡈ࡜࡟㧗ᰯ⏕ࡽࡋ࠸௜ຍ౯್ࢆࡘ
ࡅࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊⓎ᝿ࢆኚ࠼࡚࠸࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤࡔࡵ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⚾ࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⚾ࡀᢸᙜࡋࡓ࡞࠿࡛࡝࠺ࡶ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࠿࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊ୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣᚲಟ࡛᪥ᮏ
ࡢṔྐࢆࡕࡷࢇ࡜Ꮫࡪࢇࡔ࠿ࡽࠊ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣୡ⏺ྐࢆᚲಟ࡟ࡋ࡚Ꮫࢇ࡛ࡶࡽ
࠾࠺࡜ᛮࡗ࡚ࠊᖹᡂඖᖺ࡟ࡑ࠺࠸࠺࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ࡟ࡋࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊⰍࠎㄢ㢟ࡀฟ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ௒ࠊᛮ࠺࡜ࠊࡸࡣࡾ᪥ᮏྐࡶᆅ⌮ࡶᚲಟࡢ᪉ࡀࡼ࠿ࡗࡓ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞
࠸ࠋᐇࡣ᪥ᮏྐࠊᆅ⌮ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀୡ⏺ྐࡼࡾࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢཷ᳨⪅ᩘࡣከ࠸ࢇ࡛
ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊᚲಟ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㧗ᰯࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ
❧ሙࠊ┠ᶆࢆᣢࡗࡓୖ࡛ࠊ୰Ꮫᰯࡲ࡛ࡢ⩏ົᩍ⫱ࡢ࠾ࡉࡽ࠸࡜ࣉࣛࢫࡋ࡚ࡑࢀ
ࡒࢀࡢ㧗ᰯ࡞ࡾࡢ௜ຍ౯್ࢆࡘࡅࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡅࡤ࠸࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸
࠿࡞࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊ㸯Ⅼ้ࡳ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺㸰ࡘ┠ࡢ࠾ヰ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡇࢀࡶ࡞࠿
࡞࠿㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᐇࡣᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡣࠊୡࡢ୰࡛ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࡺ࡜ࡾ
ᩍ⫱࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆᨺᲠࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࡢ⌮ᛕࡣ⚾࡝ࡶࡣ࡜࡚ࡶ኱
஦࡞ࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ௒ࠕ⏕ࡁࡿຊࠖ࡜࿧ࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ༢࡟▱㆑ࡢ⩦ᚓࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᛮ⪃ຊࠊุ᩿ຊࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀᏊ౪ࡓࡕ࡟⫱ࡘࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ௒ࡶኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸⪃࠼᪉࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᖹᡂᖺࡢᏛᰯᩍ⫱ἲࡢᨵṇ࡛ࡣࠊᏛᰯᩍ⫱ἲ➨᮲࡟Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱άື࡟࠾࠸
࡚ࡣᇶ♏ⓗ࡞▱㆑ࢆ⩦ᚓࡉࡏ⌮ゎࡉࡏࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࡇࢀࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ㄢ㢟࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴຊࠊࡘࡲࡾᛮ⪃ຊࠊุ᩿ຊࠊ⾲⌧ຊࠊࡑࡢ௚ࡢ⬟ຊࢆ⫱ࢇࡔୖ࡛୺యⓗ࡟Ꮫ⩦࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴែᗘࢆ㣴࠺ࡇ࡜࡟≉࡟␃ពࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠊ࡜࠸࠺つᐃࢆධࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾࡝ࡶࡣࡑ࠺࠸࠺Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱࡛࠶ࡗ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸࡜ࠊࡑࢀࡣ኱Ꮫࡲ࡛㏻
ࡌ࡚࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡑ࠺ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ㸯Ⅼ้ࡳ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡽࡺ࡜ࡾᩍ⫱࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸
ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⚾ࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠕ㐩ᡂᗘࠖ࡜ࠕ฿㐩ᗘࠖࡢヰࡣ኱ኚ㞴ࡋࡃ࡚ࠊᩍ⫱⏺ࡢゝⴥ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢࡇࡔࢃࡾࡢ࠶ࡽࢃࢀ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⤯ᑐⓗ࡞┠ᶆ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ
฿㐩≧ἣࡔ࡜࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣಶࠎேࡢࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⌧ᅾࡢ㐩ᡂ≧ἣࡔ࡜࠿ࠊࡼࡃ⤯ᑐホ౯ࠊ┦ᑐホ౯ࠊಶேෆホ౯࡜࠿ゝ࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺୰࡛
ฟ࡚ࡁࡓ⏝ㄒ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ኱ኚ⏦ࡋࢃࡅ࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ⚾ࡣヲࡋࡃࡣࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ࠶ࡲࡾ῝ࡃ⪃࠼࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㸦➗㸧‫ྖۑ‬఍ ࡝࠺ࡶ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡶ࠺࠾୍᪉ࡔࡅ⡆༢࡞ࡈ㉁ၥࢆཷࡅࡽࢀࡿ࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ࠸࠿ࡀ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺

－27－

࠿ࠋ
 Ⲩ℩ඛ⏕ࠊ࠸࠿ࡀ࡛ࡍ࠿ࠋ
‫℩Ⲩۑ‬Ặ㸦ி㒔ᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨ఍ᩍ⫱௻⏬┘㸧 ி㒔ᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨ఍ࡢⲨ℩࡜⏦ࡋࡲࡍࠋ࡝࠺ࡒࡼࢁࡋࡃ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ ⚾ࡶ᪩ᕝࡉࢇ࡜ྠᵝ࡜࠸࠸ࡲࡍ࠿ࠊ⚾ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀࡣࡿ࠿࡟ཬࡤ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ
ࡀࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟㢌ࡢ୰࡛ࡍࡗࡁࡾ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ
 ㉁ၥ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶࠊ࡜ࡾࢃࡅྛᏛᰯẁ㝵࡛ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢົࡵࢆࡁࡕ
ࡗ࡜ᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ษࡔ࡜࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࠊࡇࢀࡣᮏᙜ࡟⚾ࡶࡑ࠺ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡇࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࢆ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࠿ࢆኚ࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀࠊࡕࡻ
ࡗ࡜ᭀㄽ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ኱Ꮫධヨࡀ࡝࠺࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᮏᙜࡣ
ࡑࡕࡽࡢ࡯࠺ࡀᚲせ࡞ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⚾ࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ኱Ꮫධヨࡀ⤖ᯝⓗ࡟ᝏ⪅࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ኱Ꮫධヨࡀࡇ࠺ࡔ࠿ࡽࡇࢇ࡞ࡩ࠺࡟
ࡋ࠿࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ࠶ࡿ✀ࠊ⚾ࡣ㛗ࡃ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ
㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡀ㈐௵ᨺᲠࢆࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡔ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚ؐࡕࡻࡗ࡜ࡇ
ࢀࡣゝ࠸㐣ࡂ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊࡶ࠺୍ᗘࡇࡢᅜࡢⱝ⪅ࡓࡕࡢᩍ⫱࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࠊ
ࡳࢇ࡞ࡀᮏᙜ࡟㈐௵ᣢࡗ࡚ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡇࡢ኱Ꮫධヨࡢᨵ㠉ࡀ୍ࡘࡢዎᶵ࡜࡞ࢀࡤࠊࡑࢀࡣ࡜࡚ࡶࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸࡞࡜ᛮࡗ࡚ᣏ⫈ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
‫ۑ‬㖹㇂Ặ ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ධヨ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊᏛᰯࡀኚࢃࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡼࡡࠋ௒ࡲ࡛ࡢᏛᰯࠊ୰Ꮫᰯ
࠿ࡽ㧗ᰯࠊ㧗ᰯ࠿ࡽ኱Ꮫ࡜࠸࠺ࡩ࠺࡟Ꮫᰯࡀኚࢃࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡋ࡚ࠊᐇࡣᩍ
⫱ⓗ࡟ࡣࠊࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞ព࿡ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⚾ࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ⚾ࡣ୰Ꮫࠊ㧗ᰯࡢᰯ㛗ඛ⏕ࠊ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ኱ᏛࡢᏛ㛗ඛ⏕࡟ࡶ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠸ࢇ࡛
ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊᏊ౪ࡀᏛᰯࢆኚࢃࡗࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟᭱ึ࡟఍࠺ᰯ㛗ඛ⏕ࠊᏛ㛗ඛ⏕ࠊࡑࡢ୍ゝࠊࡇࡢᩍ⫱ⓗ࡞ព࿡ྜ࠸ࡣࡶࡢࡍࡈࡃ኱ࡁ࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀ
࡛Ꮚ౪ࡓࡕࡢࡑࡢᏛᰯ࡛ࡢ⏕άࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᏊ౪ࡓࡕࡢព㆑ࡀ኱ࡁࡃኚࢃࡿ࡜ᛮ
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽ⚾ࡣ᭱㏆ࠊ୰Ꮫࠊ㧗ᰯࡢᰯ㛗ඛ⏕࡟఍࠺࡜ࠊ࡜࡟࠿ࡃᰯ
㛗ඛ⏕ࡢゝⴥࠊ୍ゝࠊࡇࢀ࡟࿨ࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⚾ࡣ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢ⤒㦂࠿ࡽࠊ୰Ꮫᰯࡢᰯ㛗ඛ⏕ࡢ➨୍ኌࠊ㧗ᰯࡢᰯ㛗ඛ⏕ࡢ➨୍ኌࠊࡇࢀࡣ௒࡛ࡶࡎࡗ࡜⫢࡟㖭ࡌ࡚ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᫬㛫ࡀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ఱ࡜ゝࡗࡓ࠿ࡣゝ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠊ኱Ꮫࡢ࡜ࡁࡣධᏛᘧࡀ⢊○ࡉࢀࡓࢇ࡛
ࡍࡡࠋᮾ໭኱ᏛࡢධᏛᘧࡣࠊጞࡲࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡁ࡟࣓࣊ࣝࢵࢺࢆ⿕ࡗ࡚ゅᮦࢆᣢࡗࡓᏛ⏕ࡀ࠸ࡗࡥ࠸᮶࡚⢊○ࡉࢀ࡚ࠊධᏛᘧࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ
༞ᴗᘧࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ࡔ࠿ࡽ⚾ࡣࠊ୰Ꮫᰯ࡜࠿㧗ᰯࡢධᏛᘧࠊ༞ᴗᘧ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࡶࡢࡍࡈࡃᙉ࠸༳

－28－

㇟ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ≉࡟ධᏛᘧࡢᰯ㛗ඛ⏕ࡢ୍ゝࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊࡳࢇ࡞ධヨࢆ⤒࡚ධࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑࡇࡲ࡛ࡀ⚾ࡣධヨࡔ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
Ꮫᰯࢆኚࢃࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣᏊ౪࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ᩍ⫱ⓗ࡟ព࿡ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋࡑࡢኚࢃࡿࡇ
࡜ࢆ㑅ᢥࡉࡏࡿධヨ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊᩍ⫱ⓗ࡟ព࿡ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼࡚⚾࡝ࡶࡣࠊࡸࡣࡾධヨࡢၥ㢟࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᏛᰯẁ㝵ࡢᩍ⫱ࡢၥ㢟࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡋࡗ࠿ࡾཷࡅ࡜ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠾
ࡾࡲࡍࠋ‫ྖۑ‬఍ 㖹㇂ඛ⏕ࠊ࡝࠺ࡶ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
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－29－

－31－

㸺㖹㇂┾⨾Ặ㈨ᩱ㸼ᖹᡂ㸰㸳ᖺ㸯㸯᭶㸯㸴᪥㸦ᅵ㸧኱Ꮫධヨࡢㄢ㢟ᮾிᅜ❧༤≀㤋㛗㖹㇂ ┾⨾

㸯㸬ᩍ⫱࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢධᏛヨ㦂㸰㸬Ꮫຊㄪᰝ࡜ෆ⏦᭩࣮࣌ࣃ࣮ࢸࢫࢺ࡜ே≀㔜ど㸱㸬ಶูヨ㦂࡜ඹ㏻ヨ㦂 ᩍ⛉ᆺヨ㦂࡜⬟ຊヨ㦂㸲㸬኱Ꮫࢆࡵࡄࡿ≧ἣࡢኚ໬࡜኱Ꮫධヨ㸳㸬኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢ≧ἣ㸴㸬୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟఍ࡢᑂ㆟㸵㸬ᩍ⫱෌⏕ᐇ⾜఍㆟ࡢᥦゝ㸶㸬኱Ꮫධヨࡢㄢ㢟－32－ᇶㄪㅮ₇㸦2㸧“The End (s) of Testing, 2013 updateˉ”New Approaches to
Certification / Quality”
㸦ࢸࢫࢺࡢ⤊↉ᖺࡢ㆟ㄽ㸫㈨᱁࣭㉁࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ㸧             UCLA=CRESSTᡰ䮧ˋȪɩɲȳᮉ㛢ȪȳɏɧόՊ଑ˋ         ࡽWorld Education Research AssociationՊ䮧ˋ              ࡽAmerican Educational Research AssociationՊ䮧 ࢚ࣦ࢓࣭࣮࣮࣋࢝ Ặ˄Dr. Eva L. Baker㸧‫ྖۑ‬఍ ⥆ࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ㹓㹁㹊㸿࠿ࡽ࠾㉺ࡋ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓ࢚ࣦ࢓࣭࣮࣮࣋࢝ඛ
⏕ࢆࡈ⤂௓ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸࡜Ꮡࡌࡲࡍࠋ ࣮࣮࣋࢝ඛ⏕ࡣ⡿ᅜ㹓㹁㹊㸿࡛༤ኈྕࢆྲྀᚓࡉࢀࠊࡈᑓ㛛ࡣᩍ⫱◊✲᪉ἲᏛཬࡧᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ࡛࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㹓㹁㹊㸿ࡢ༟㉺⤊㌟ᩍᤵࠊ1985ᖺࡼࡾࠊ኱Ꮫෆ࡟タ⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⡿ᅜ㐃㑥ᨻᗓࡢㄆᐃࢆཷࡅࡓᨻᗓ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⊂❧ホ౯ᶵ㛵 ࡢ 㹁 㹐 㹃 㹑 㹑 㹒 (The National Center for Research on Evaluation,
Standards, and Student Testing)ࠊᩍ⫱Ỉ‽ࡸࢸࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡢ㧗ᗘ◊✲ࢆᢸ࠺ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢᡤ㛗ࢆ㛗ᖺົࡵ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ᭱㏆࡛ࡣࠊࢥࣔࣥࢥ࢔(Common
Core)࡛▱ࡽࢀࡲࡍ඲⡿⤫୍Ꮫຊࢸࢫࢺࡢຠᯝศᯒ➼࡛୺せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᢸ࠺ࢭࣥ
ࢱ࣮࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
 」㞧࡞Ꮫ⩦ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ホ౯᪉ἲࡢ㛤Ⓨࡸ᭷ຠᛶࡢ᳨ドࠊࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࢆά⏝ࡋࡓᏛ⩦ホ౯ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡸホ౯➼ࡢ㡿ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿୡ⏺ⓗ࡞࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡛࠸ࡽࡗ
ࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⡿ᅜᩍ⫱◊✲Ꮫ఍ɔ㸿㹃㹐㸿(American Educational Research
Association) ࡢ ඖ ఍ 㛗 ࠊ ୡ ⏺ ᩍ ⫱ ◊ ✲ Ꮫ ఍ ɔ 㹕 㹃 㹐 㸿 (World Education
Research Association)ࡢ๓఍㛗ࠊྠ᫬࡟⡿ᅜᩍ⫱࢔࢝ࢹ࣑࣮(The National
Academy of Education) ࡢ఍ဨ࡛ࡶ࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⡿ᅜᨻᗓࡢᩍ⫱㛤Ⓨཬࡧホ౯࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ጤဨ఍࡛せ⫋ࢆࠊࡲࡓࠊୡ⏺ྛᅜᨻᗓࡢᩍ⫱ホ౯ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢ࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢨ࣮➼ࢆᢸࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ21ୡ⣖ࢫ࢟ࣝࡢ⋓ᚓࢆᨭ᥼ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࠊᏊ౪ࡓࡕࡣࡶ࡜ࡼࡾࠊ་Ꮫࡸᅜ㜵ࡢ㡿ᇦ࡛άືࡍࡿ㧗ᗘᑓ㛛⫋࡟ᑐࡍࡿᏛ⩦ᨭ᥼ࢯࣇࢺࡢ㛤Ⓨࡸホ౯࡛ࡢά㌍࡛ࡶ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊ࣮࣮࣋࢝ඛ⏕࡟ࡈⓏቭ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊᮏ᪥ࡢ₇㢟ࠕ㈨᱁࣭㉁࡟ᑐࡍࡿ
᪂ࡋ࠸࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ 㸫ࢸࢫࢺࡢ⤊↉ࡢࡑࡢᚋࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡈㅮ₇ࢆࡕࡻ࠺ࡔ
࠸ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ௒᪥ࡣ㏲ḟ࡛㏻ヂࡀධࡾࡲࡍࠋࡼࢁࡋࡃ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ

－33－

‫࣮࣮࢝࣋ۑ‬Ặ ⚾ࠊ௒᪥ࡣኌࡀࡇࢇ࡞ㄪᏊ࡛ࠊ᭱ึ࡟ⓙᵝ࡟࠾ルࡧ⏦ࡋୖࡆ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅࡲࡏࢇࠋᑡࡋ࢔ࣞࣝࢠ࣮ࡀࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ࠾᜝ࡎ࠿ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜࡞ࡀࡽࠊ
ࡶࡋ࠿ࡋࡓࡽ⚾ࡢ໬⢝ရࡀᝏࡉࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ᫂᪥࡟࡞ࡾ
ࡲࡋࡓࡽࡇࡢ࣓࣮ࢡࢆ඲㒊࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊ㢦ࢆࡈࡋࡈࡋὙࡗ࡚࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ
࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ௒᪥ࡣᑡࡋ⪏࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᮏ᪥ࡣࠊࡲࡎࠊ㖹㇂ᵝ࡟ࡣ኱ኚࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸ࡈㅮ₇ࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࠊឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋከࡃࡢⅬ࡛⚾ࡶ඲ࡃྠពぢࠊ㈶ྠࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡀࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡓ
ࡔࠊ௒᪥ࡢ⚾ࡢ࠾ヰࡣ᪥ᮏᅛ᭷ࡢヰ࡛ࡣỴࡋ࡚࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࠊ⚾ࡢ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ཬ
ࡧ㹓㹁㹊㸿࡛ࡢᙉ࠸⤒㦂࡟᰿ᕪࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ௒᪥ࡣࠊ௒ࠊࡈࡽࢇ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟㏲ḟ㏻ヂ࡛㐍ࡵ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ
᫬㛫ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛⏝ពࡋࡲࡋࡓࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ࠿ࡽᢤ⢋ࡋ࡚࠾ヰࡋࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
ࡑ࠺࡛࡞࠸࡜ࠊᜍࡽࡃኤ㣗᫬ࡲ࡛࠾ᘬࡁṆࡵࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ
ࡢ࡛ࠋ ࡲࡎࡶࡗ࡚ࠊ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᵝ࡟ࡣ௒ᅇࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡈᣍᚅࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋ
࡚ࠊ21ୡ⣖࡬ࡢᩍ⫱෌⏕࡜࠸࠺኱ኚ㔜せ࡞ࢸ࣮࣐࡛࠾ヰࡢᶵ఍ࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋ
ࡓࡇ࡜࡟ឤㅰࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࢔࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ࡣࠊ࢝ࣞࢵࢪཬࡧ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔࡟‽ഛࢆᩚ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢヨ㦂࡜࠸ࡗࡓ࢝
ࣞࢵࢪ=࢟ࣕࣜ࢔࣭ࣞࢹ࢕࣭࢚ࢢࢨ࣒(College=Career Ready Exam)࡜࠸࠺ゝ࠸᪉ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ࠸ࢃࡤ኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫ࡟ࡶࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᑵ⫋࡟ࡶ཮᪉࡟᱁ዲࡢࢸࢫ
ࢺࠊ୧᪉ࢆࡡࡽࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ௒᪥ࡢ࠾ヰࡣࠊ᫂᪥༶ᗙ࡟ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡟ࡋࢁࠊ㸱ᖺᚋ࡟ࡣࡶࡋ࠿ࡋࡓࡽ࠾ᙺ࡟❧࡚ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋ
ࢀ࡞࠸୍⯡ⓗ࡞࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ヰࡋࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᭱ึ࡟ࠊ▷ࡃࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⫼ᬒ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ࡝࠺࠸ࡗࡓኚ㑄ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࠿࡜࠸࠺࠾ヰࡢ ᚋ ࠊ ࢧ ࣮ ࢸ ࢕ ࣇ ࢕ ࢣ ࣮ ࢩ ࣙ ࣥ (Certification) ࠊ ࢡ ࢜ ࣜ ࣇ ࢕ ࢣ ࣮ ࢩ ࣙ ࣥ(Qualification)ࠊ㈨᱁ㄆᐃ࡜࠸࠺࠾ヰࢆࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ホ౯ࡍࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺࢔ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢࠕ࢔ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺホ౯ࠖ࡜ࠕࢸࢫࢺࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࢆ࡯ࡰྠ⩏ㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ௒ᅇࡣ⏝࠸࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡓ࠸࡜
ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㸦࢚ࣦ࢓࣭࣮࣮࣋࢝ Ặ ࣃ࣮࣏࣡࢖ࣥࢺ㈨ᩱཧ↷㸧 ࠾ヰࡢᮏ㢟࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡲࡎࠊࡇࢀࡣホ౯ࠊࡋ࠿ࡶ㉁ࡢ㧗࠸ホ౯ࠊࢸࢫࢺ
࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞ᡓ␎࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ≉࡟୍ࡘࡢᡭἲ࡜ࡋ࡚௒ࠊࡉࡲࡊ
ࡲ࡞ᐇ㦂ࢆヨࡳ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡢࡀࠊ࣮ࣟࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᆺࡢࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࠊ࣮ࣟࢸࢵࢻ࣭
ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡜࠸࠺ゝ࠸᪉ࢆࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢ࣮ࣟࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᆺࡢࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆ
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡼࡾࢥࢫࢺࢆᏳࡃࠊࡋ࠿ࡶࡼࡾ▷࠸ᮇ㛫࡛㠀ᖖ࡟」㞧
࡞ホ౯࡞࡝ࡶ㛤Ⓨ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡛ࡍࠋ－34－ ࡑࡢ௚ࠊ௒᪥ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ῝ධࡾࡋࡲࡏࢇࡀணᐃࡢෆᐜ࡜࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࢥࣥࣆ
࣮ࣗࢱ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⤫ィࣔࢹࣝࡢヰࢆࡋࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣඛ࡯࡝⏦ࡋࡲࡋࡓ࣮ࣟࢸ࣮ࢩ
ࣙࣥᆺࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣⓙᵝ࠿ࡽࡈ㉁ၥࡀ࠶
ࢀࡤ࠾⟅࠼ࡍࡿᙧ࡟ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣ㹓㹁㹊㸿ࠊ኱Ꮫ࡟ᡤᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿே
㛫࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᖖ࡟◊✲㛤Ⓨ࡟ࡣ࠿࠿ࢃࡾࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡢ࠶ࡓࡾࡢ࡜
ࡇࢁ࡟ࡣⱝᖸゐࢀ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᭱ึ࡟ࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ヨ㦂ࢆࠊ࡝࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࢠࣗࢵ࡜ᅽ⦰ࡋࡓᙧ࡛
ิᣲࡋ࡚࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ᭱ึ࡟ጞࡲࡾࡲࡋࡓࡢࡀᚰ⌮ࢸࢫࢺ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣಶேࡢ
≉ᛶࡀ࠸࠿࡟Ᏻᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡟ὀ┠ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡋ࡚ࠊ౛࠼ࡤಶேࢆศ㢮ࡋࡲࡍࠋ୙Ᏻࡢഴྥࡀᙉ࠸ࡢ࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ▱⬟࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㐺ᛶࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ୍᪦ࡑࡇ࡛ண᝿
ࡉࢀࡓಶேࡢ≉ᛶ࡞ࡾᛶ᱁࡞ࡾࡀ࠶ࡿ୍ᐃࡢᮇ㛫ࠊᏳᐃⓗ࡟ಖࡓࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺
࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑࡢᚋࠊⓏሙࡋ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡢࡀࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿᩍ⫱ࡢヨ㦂࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀ
ࡣඛ࡯࡝⏦ࡋࡲࡋࡓಶேࡢᏳᐃᛶࢆ▱ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓᚰ⌮ࣔࢹࣝ࡟㏣㝶ࡍࡿᙧ࡛⏕ࡲࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ࠶ࡿ୍᫬ᮇࡑࡢಶேࡀ࡝࠺࠸࠺≧ែ࡟࠶ࡿ࠿ࢆ
ぢࡓࡾ▱ࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ⤒᫬ⓗ࡟࡝ࢀࡔࡅࡢ฿㐩ᗘࠊ㐩ᡂᗘࡀ࠶ࡗ
ࡓ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶࠊࡴࡋࢁ࠶ࡿ≉ᐃࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡟࠾ࡅࡿಶேࡢ≧ែ࡟ὀ┠ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᩍ⫱ヨ㦂࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀ┠ⓗู࡟㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋ
ࡓࠋ୍㒊࡟ࡣࠊࡑࡢ≧ἣࡀㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ࢔࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ࢕࡜࠸࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ
ࡑࡢุᐃࢆ┠ⓗ࡟ࡋࡓࡶࡢࠊ㈨᱁ࡢㄆᐃࠊ㑅ᢤ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᨵၿࠊྥୖࢆ┠ⓗ࡟ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡀ┠ⓗ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᙧࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ࢸࢫࢺࢆ౑࠸ࠊࡑࢀ࡛᭷ຠᛶࡢ☜ㄆࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ືࡁࡀฟ࡚
ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࡢᚋࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟⯆࿡῝࠸Ⓨᒎࢆ㐙ࡆ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢࡶࡢࡣࡑࡢෆᐜ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠿ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞࢔࢖ࢹ࢔࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࢆホ౯ࡢᑐ㇟࡟ࡍࡿࠊ
ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ⤫ィ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᚰ⌮ ᐃ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡟ࡼࡾ೫ࡗࡓⓎᒎࡢ௙᪉ࢆࡍࡿࡢ
࡛ࡍࡀࠊ⚾ࡢ࠶ࡿ཭ேࡣࠊࢸࢫࢺࢆࡋ࡚ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚ࠊࢸࢫࢺࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓᙜ஦⪅ࡣ㞟ࡵࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࢆᰙࡢྥࡇ࠺࡟ᢞࡆ㣕ࡤࡋ࡚࠾ࡅࡤࠊ⤫ィᐙࡀ࠸࠿ࡼ࠺࡟
ࡶࡑࢀࢆゎ㔘ࡋࠊఱࡽ࠿ࡢព࿡࡙ࡅࢆࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓゝ࠸᪉ࢆࡋࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓὶࢀࢆ௒ᚋࡶࡎࡗ࡜ᨭᣢࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡢᚋࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠊࡘࡲࡾᩥ⬦࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⎔ቃࡢኚ໬ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲ
ࡋࡓࠋ๓ᅇࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟ཧࡾࡲࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣฟ⏕⋡ࡢపୗࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ
࠸࡚Ꮫ⩦ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡳࢀࡤࠊࡇࢀࡣ⣧⢋࡟ࠊ୍ࡘࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ᠱᛕ࡟࡞ࡿࡢࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ࢸࢫࢺࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚ά⏝ࡍࡿ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊከ
┠ⓗ࡟ࡑࢀࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡼࡃ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ᪂ࡓ࡟㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓࢸࢫࢺ࡞࡝ࡢ

－35－

ሙྜࡣࠊከ┠ⓗ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ⏕ᚐࡢ㐍ᤖᗘྜ࠸ࢆ ࡿࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࢆᩍᖌ࡟ࣇ࢕
࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡࡍࡿࠊࡲࡓࠊ⏕ᚐࡢ≧ែ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠿ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀࠊࡁࡕࢇ࡜
ึᮇࡢ┠ⓗࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺࢔࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ࢕ࢆ
ࡣࡗࡁࡾࡉࡏࠊྠ᫬࡟௒ᗘࡣᩍᖌࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ௜ຍ౯್ࢆࣔࢹࣝ࡟ຍ࠼ࠊ
ࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᩍᖌࡢ᪼⤥࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠿ࠊሙྜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ㏥⫋່࿌࡞࡝࡟ࡶ౑ࢃࢀ
ࡿ࡜࠸࠺≧ἣ࡛ࡍࠋ ᐇࢆゝ࠸ࡲࡍ࡜ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ
⚾ࡓࡕࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟ቑ࠼࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊࡶࡗ࡜῝࠸࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊ⏕ᚐࡓࡕࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫ⩦ࡢ㐩ᡂᗘྜ࠸࡞ࡢ࠿ࣔࢽ
ࢱࣜࣥࢢࡋࡓࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡞࡝ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࢆࣅࢵ
ࢢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࠊࡉࡽ࡟῝࠸ศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢ㐍ᒎ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࡼࡾ㎿㏿࡞ືࡁࠊᑐᛂࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚
࠸ࡲࡍࡋࠊࡲࡓࠊ㐺ᛂᛶࡶቑࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⏕ᚐ୍ே୍ேࡢࢽ࣮ࢬࢆศᯒ
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ௒࡛ࡣࠊ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆά⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣝ໬
࡟័ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⏕ᚐࡓࡕ࡟ࡶࡋࡗ࠿ࡾᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞⎔ቃࡀᩚഛ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ⚾ࡣࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࣉࣞࢮࣥࡢ୰୍࡛㈏ࡋࡓࢸ࣮࣐ࢆ㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
ࡇࢀࡣྛࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ࡟ඹ㏻ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࢸ࣮࣐࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢ୰ࡢ㸯ࡘࡣࠊඛ࡯࡝
㖹㇂ᵝࡢ࠾ヰ࡟ࡶฟࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࢸࢫࢺࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡢ
ඹ㏻ࡢせ⣲࡜ࠊᰂ㌾ᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚ᑐᛂࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸せ⣲ࠊࡇࡢ㸰ࡘࡢせ⣲ࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ಖࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿࡛ࡍࠋ ࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢࢧ࣮ࢸ࢕ࣇ࢕ࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠊࢡ࢜ࣜࣇ࢕ࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠊ㈨᱁ㄆᐃࡢヨ㦂ࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡀࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡛࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࠿ࠊ
ࡑࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ஦౛ࢆࡶࡗ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࡕࡻࡗ࡜᪥ᮏⓗ࡞ࠊ⏕ࡅⰼⓗ࡞࠾ⰼࢆࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ࡟᪋ࡋ࡚ࡳࡓࡢ
࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࠸࠿ࡀ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ ⚾ࡣࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡿ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚㠀ᖖ࡟ཝ᱁࡞ࠊࡲࡓ㧗࠸Ỉ‽ࡀᮃࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࡣࡗࡁࡾ࡜⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୍య࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞
ࡸࡾ᪉ࢆࡍࡿ࠿ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡶࠊᖖ࡟㧗࠸Ỉ‽ࢆồࡵ࡚࠸࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞
ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࢀࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ෆᐜ࡟ࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࡋ࡚࡝࠺࠸࠺ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࠿ࠊࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢ⏕ᚐࡀ࡝࠺࠸࠺ഴྥࠊࡲࡓែᗘ࡛Ꮫ⩦࡟⮫ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢ
࠿࡞࡝ࡶࡍ࡭࡚ ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞せ⣲ࢆᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ษ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾ
ࡲࡍࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ୍య࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞௙ᵝࢆ⤌ࡳ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃࡢ࠿ࢆලయⓗ࡟⌮ゎࡋࠊࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰࡟⤌ࡳධࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ษ࡛ࡍࠋ ⚾ࡀඛ࡯࡝⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡋࡓࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿඹ㏻㒊ศ࡜ࠊࣘࢽ࣮ࢡ࡞ࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿᰂ
㌾ᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚⤌ࡳධࢀ࡚࠸࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ヨ㦂ࡢせ⣲ࠊࡇࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆᡴ

－36－ࡕฟࡍ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࡶ࠺୍ࡘ⚾ࡀ኱ษ࡞ࢸ࣮࣐࡜ࡋ࡚ᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࡀࠊࢺࣛࣥࢫ
࣌࢔ࣞࣥࢩ࣮ (Transparency)ࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ㏱᫂ᛶ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㈨᱁ㄆᐃࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ぢ᪉ࢆࡋ࡚࠸࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅࡲࡏࢇࠋࡲࡎ➨㸯࡟ࠊㄢ㢟ࢆ⤫ྜࡋࡓᙧ࡛ホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ಶู࡟ホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡑࡢ㸰ࡘࢆධࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅࡲࡏࢇࠋᐇ㝿ࠊ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓㄢ㢟࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ⏕ᚐࡓࡕࡣ࡝ࢀࡔࡅࡑࡢෆᐜࡀ㌟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࠊࡑࡢࣃ
ࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫホ౯ࡶ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ษ࡛ࡍࠋ
 㸰Ⅼ┠࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࡑࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆホ౯ࡋࡓᚋ࡟ࠊ௒ᗘࡣࡑࡢホ౯ࡢศ㢮ࢆࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅࡲࡏࢇࠋᮏᙜ࡟ඃ⚽ࡔࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࢀ࡜ࡶ࣮࣋ࢩࢵࢡ
㸦୍⯡ⓗࣞ࣋ࣝ㸧࡞࡜ࡇࢁࡔࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࢀ࡜ࡶࠊ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ຎࡗ࡚࠸
ࡓࡢ࠿➼ࡢศ㢮ศࡅࢆࡋࡲࡍࠋ
 㸱Ⅼ┠࡜࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࡑࢀࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⮬ศ࡛౑ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿ࠊࡲࡓࠊ
ࡇࡢ㈨᱁ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᢏ⾡ⓗ࡟㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࢸࢡࢽ࢝ࣝ࡞
㒊ศࡶ⪃࠼࡚࠸࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࠊࡇࡢࢸࢫࢺࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࠊࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟⤌ࡳධࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸㔜せ࡞࣏࢖ࣥࢺࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ୍య࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ
࢛࣮࣒㸦ᇶ┙㸧ࢆ౑ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢࣉ
ࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒࡟⛣⾜ࡋ᭷ຠά⏝ࡍࡿ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࠊ௒ᗘࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᮲௳ࢆࡑ
ࡢࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒࡛㉮ࡽࡏ࡚࠸ࡃࠊࢸࢫࢺࡢ୰࡟⤌ࡳධࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ ౛࠼ࡤࠊࡑࡢ⏕ᚐࡀ୍య࡝ࡢࡄࡽ࠸ࡢࢫࣆ࣮ࢻ࡛ᮃࡴ࡭ࡁᏛ⩦⬟ຊࣞ࣋ࣝࢆ
㌟࡟ࡘࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡢ࠿ࠊࡲࡓࠊࡶ࠺୍ࡘ⪃࠼ࡿࡢࡣࠊ⤒᫬ⓗ࡟ᤊ࠼ࡿ࡟
ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࠊ࡝ࢀࡃࡽ࠸ࡢⓎ⏕⋡࡛ࡑࡢ⏕ᚐࡣᏛࢇࡔࡇ࡜ࢆ㛫㐪࠼࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࠿
࡞࡝ࡶࠊࡇࡢࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒࡟⛣⾜ࡍࡿ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚⤌ࡳධࢀࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡛ࡍࠋ ḟ࡟⚾ࡀྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓ࠸ࢸ࣮࣐ࡣࠊඛ࡯࡝⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡋࡓࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿᰂ㌾ᛶ࡜
ඹ㏻ᛶࠊࡇࡢ㸰ࡘࡢࢸ࣮࣐࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠾ヰࡋࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
 ㈨᱁ㄆᐃไᗘࢆࡘࡃࡗࡓ࡜࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓࡽࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢࢸࢫࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ⿵᏶
ⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾ࡜ࡋ࡚㐙⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡭ࡁ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࢀ࡜ࡶ᪤Ꮡࡢヨ㦂ࡢ௦᭰࡟࡞ࡿࡢ
࠿ࠊ࡝ࡕࡽࡢ᪉ྥࡶ⚾ࡣ࠶ࡾࡔ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡑ࠺ゝ࠸ࡲࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊ௒ᗘࡣせ௳௜ࡅࢆࡋ࡚࠸࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇࡢ
ᰂ㌾ᛶࢆᣢࡗࡓࣘࢽ࣮ࢡ࡞㒊ศࡣࠊྛᏛᰯᶵ㛵ࡸಶேࡢ⏕ᚐ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡢே
ࡓࡕࢆࣇ࢙࢔(බṇ)࡟ࠊࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ࡜ホ౯࡛ࡁࡿᙧ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡶ࠺
୍ࡘࡣࠊẚ㍑ᑐ㇟ࢆṇᙜ࡟࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࠋࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ࡜ᇶ‽ࡀỴࡲࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ
ࡑࡢᇶ‽࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ẚ㍑ࡀࣇ࢙࢔࡟⾜࠼ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࠊࡇࡢࢸࢫࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒⮬య࡟ࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ࡜⤌ࡳධࢀࡽࢀࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆ⪃࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅࡲࡏࢇࠋ

－37－ ᐇ 㝿 ࡟ ࡇ ࡢ ࣇ ࣞ ࢟ ࢩ ࣅ ࣜ ࢸ ࢕ (Flexibility) ࡜ ࢥ ࣥ ࣃ ࣛ ࣅ ࣜ ࢸ ࢕(Comparability)ࠊᰂ㌾ᛶ࡜ẚ㍑࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆ ᐃࡍࡿ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ
࡚ࠊ㸱ࡘ㔜せ࡞Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡎ➨㸯࡟ࠊᏛᰯࠊࡲࡓྛᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵ࡀ⮬ศࡓࡕ࡛ྠࡌࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࢆಶู࡟ゎ㔘ࡋࠊホ౯ࢆࡋ࡚࠸࠸ࡶࡢ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࠋ㸰ࡘ┠࡜࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࡑࡢヨ㦂ࢆཷࡅࡿ⏕ᚐ⮬㌟ࡀࠊ⮬ศࡓࡕࡀ࡝࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢ
࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ㄆᐃࢆཷࡅࡓ࠸࠿࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㑅ᢥࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࠿ࠋ㸱Ⅼ┠࡜࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟ࢫࢱࣥࢲ࣮ࢻ࡞ゎ⟅ࢆṇゎ࡜ࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࢀ࡜ࡶࠊ⏕ᚐࡢゎ⟅᪉ἲࡀ࠸ࡉࡉ࠿␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࡶṇゎࡢ⠊ᅖෆ࡟࠾ࡉࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࢀࡤṇゎ࡜ࡍࡿࡢ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ୍ࡘ୍ࡘࡈㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ᫬㛫ࡣࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࡢ࡛ࠊḟࡣࣂࢵࢪไᗘ࡟⛣ࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᐇࡣ௒ࠊ࢔࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ࡣࠊࡇࡢࣂࢵࢪ(Badge)ࡀ฿㐩࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㐩ᡂᗘࡢሗ࿌ࡢ
࠶ࡾ᪉࡜ࡋ࡚኱ኚ኱ࡁ࡞ヰ㢟࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
 ㌷ேࡢୡ⏺ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ࣮࣎࢖ࢫ࢝࢘ࢺࠊ࣮࢞ࣝࢫ࢝࢘ࢺ࡟࡜ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࣂ
ࢵࢪࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ୍ࡘࡢ㇟ᚩⓗ࡞ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡿ୍㐃ࡢᢏ⬟ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ࠶ࡿ୍㐃ࡢ⬟ຊࢆ㸯ࡘࡢࢭࢵࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚⩦ᚓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ౛࠼ࡤࣃࣛࢩ࣮ࣗࢺ㒊㝲࡛ࡍ࡜ࠊࡶࡕࢁࢇࡑࢀࡣไ᭹࡟
ࡁࡕࢇ࡜ࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢሙྜࡣࠊ࠶ࡿࢥ࣮ࢫࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࡁࡕ
ࢇ࡜╔㝣࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺⬟ຊࡢ☜ㄆࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡿ୍ࡘࡢド࡟ࡶ࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡶࡕࢁࢇఱ࠿ຮᙉࡋ࡚Ꮫ⾡ⓗ࡟ᢏ⬟࡞ࡾ▱㆑ࢆ⩦ᚓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ࠶ࡿ
࠸ࡣࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ⩦ᚓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊࡑࡋ࡚Ꮫᰯෆእࡢάື࡟࠾࠸࡚࠶ࡿ୍ᐃࡢ⬟ຊ࡞ࡾࢆ㐩ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡋࠊྠ᫬࡟ࠊ⫋ሙෆ࡛ࡶࡇࡢࣂࢵࢪࡀࡑࡢド࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ ౛࠼ࡤࠊࡇࢀࡀド࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊࡇࢀࢆ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ኱
Ꮫ࡛ࡶࠊ࠶ࡿ୍ᐃࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࢆ㐩ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿドᣐ࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ
࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢሙྜࡣࠊࡶࡕࢁࢇ኱Ꮫࡢ࡯࠺࡛ྠ➼ࡢࡶࡢࢆྠ➼࡜⣡ᚓ࡛ࡁࡿẚ㍑ࡀࡁࡕࢇ࡜࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠊẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᇶ‽ࠊࢡࣛ࢖ࢸࣜ
࢔㸦ᇶ‽㸧ࡀ࡝࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࠿ྜពࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࠊ౛࠼
ࡤ⏕ᚐࡀ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢᢏ⬟ࠊ⬟ຊ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ㄆᐃࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࢆࣔࢽࢱ࣮(┘ど)ࡍࡿࠊ
ࡑࡢ୍ࡘࡢࡁࡗ࠿ࡅ࡟ࡶ࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ᅜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࣂࢵࢪ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣఱ࠿ࢆಟࡵࡓ࡜࠸࠺ㄆᐃド࡞࡝ࢆᑵ⫋ࡢ㝿࡟ᒚṔ᭩࡟グ㍕ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊᑵ⫋άືࡢᙺ࡟❧ࡘࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࡢࣂࢵࢪࢆ୍ࡘࡢㄆᐃ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᢅ࠺ࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊࡸࡣࡾᏛ
ᰯ࡜⏘ᴗ⏺ࡢ㛫࡟බᘧ࡞ࠊṇᘧ࡞㐃ᦠࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡉ࡟㖹㇂ᵝࡀࡉࡗࡁ࠾
ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㈈⏺ࠊᐇᴗ⏺࡜ᩍ⫱⏺ࡀ࡜ࡶ࡟ࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࢆࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

－38－ ࡇࡇ࡟ᣲࡆ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡢࡣࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ฼ᐖ㛵ಀ⪅࡜࠸࠸ࡲࡍ࠿ࠊࢫࢸ࣮ࢡ࣍
ࣝࢲ࣮࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ㏱᫂࡞ᙧ࡛ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ඹྠ࡛Ꮫ⩦⪅࡜ᩍ⫱⪅ࡢ㛫ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆタィࡋࠊᵓ⠏ࡋࠊඹ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠊࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ୚࠼ࡿㄢ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㏱
᫂ᛶࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࠊඹྠ࡛ࡘࡃࡾฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡇ࡟ᣲࡆ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡢࡣࠊᮏ㢟ࠊ≉࡟㈨᱁ㄆᐃࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࡛ࡣࢸࢫࢺ
ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡘࡃࡾฟࡍ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊ࡝࠺࠸ࡗࡓ୰㌟ࡀ㔜せ࡟࡞ࡿ࠿࡜࠸
࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ௒᪥ࡣ᫬㛫ࡢ㒔ྜ࡜㏻ヂࡢ㒔ྜࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ୍㒊࡟㝈ࡗ࡚࠾ヰࡋࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡎࠊࢸࢫࢺࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿせ⣲࡜࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ㸯ࡘࡣᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿศ㔝ࠊ⛉┠ࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽㄆ▱ⓗせ⣲࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ౛࠼ࡤၥ㢟ゎỴ⬟ຊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣㄝ᫂⬟ຊࠊᛮ⪃⬟ຊࡸᛮ⪃ࡢࢫ࢟ࣝ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࠋ㸱ࡘ┠࡜࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࢱࢫࢡࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡜࠸
࠺ゝ࠸᪉ࢆࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ౛࠼ࡤཱྀ㢌ヨၥⓗ࡟㉁ၥࢆࡋ࡚ࠊ⏕ᚐࡓࡕࡀࡑࡢㄢ㢟ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࠊ⤫ྜࡋ࡚ゎỴࢆᅗࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࠿ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿
࡟࡛ࡁࡿㄢ㢟ࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶ⤫ྜⓗ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊಶ
ู࡟ࡤࡽࡤࡽ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑࡢ୍ࡘࡢᴫᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊඛ࡯࡝ゝ࠸ࡲࡋࡓ࣮ࣟࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᆺࡢࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢព
ᅗࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡣࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶయ⣔❧ࡗ࡚ࢩࢫࢸ࣐ࢸ࢕ࢵࢡ࡟ࠊࡋ࠿ࡶࡑࡢ⏕ᚐࡓࡕࡢ⬟ຊࢆ඲ໟᅖⓗ࡟▱ࡿ࡟㊊ࡿ᭷ព⩏࡞ࡶࡢࡀࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡍ࡭࡚ࢧࣥࣉࣝ
࡜ࡋ࡚⥙࡟࠿࠿ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୺║࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࢀࡣ୍ࡘࡢ౛࠼࡛ࡍࡀࠊࢲ࢖ࣖࣝᘧࡢ㘽࡛ࡍࠋᜍࡽࡃⓙᵝࡶࢫ࣮ࢶࢣ࣮ࢫ
࡞࡝࡟ࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࢆ⦪ࡢᩘ
Ꮠࡢิ࡛♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ౛࠼ࡤࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࠊᡂ⦼ࡢ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ഃ㠃ࢆ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜศࡅࡋ࡚ࠊ୍␒ᕥࡣ⛉┠࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠿ࠊၥ㢟ゎỴࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽᏊ౪ࡓࡕ࡟
ࢩࢼࣜ࢜ࢆ୚࠼࡚ࡑࢀࢆ㎺ࡽࡏࡿ࡜࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ่⃭ࠊㄢ㢟ࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆ୚࠼ࡿࠊ
ࡑࢀ࡬ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ୍␒ྑ➃ࡣࠊࣜࢫ࣏ࣥࢫ࣮ࣔࢻ࡜࠸࠺ゝ࠸᪉ࢆࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ⏕ᚐࡓࡕࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᅇ⟅ࠊᛂ⟅ࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻࢆࡉࡗ࡜㏦ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ౛♧ࡋࡓ࡯࠺ࡀࠊࡼࡾⓙᵝࡢ࠾ᙺ࡟❧ࡘ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࢀࡣඛ࡯࡝᮶ࠊゝࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ⛉┠ࠊࢻ࣓࢖ࣥ(㡿ᇦ)࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࢆᑠศࡅ
࡟ศ๭ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࢀࡣၥ㢟ゎỴࢆヲ⣽࡟ศ๭ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ୍ࡘࡢ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ≀⌮࡜࠸࠺ᩍ⛉ࡔ࡜࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊຊ࡜㐠ືࡔ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋࡇࡢᩍ⛉ෆᐜ࡜ࡋ࡚ᣲࡀࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡢࡀࠊ᥎㐍ࠊᦶ᧿ࠊ࣋ࢡࢺࣝ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ⚾࡝ࡶࠊࡇࢀࢆ㸶ࡘࡢࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺࡀ㔜せࡔ࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ⏕ᚐ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ
୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿㄢ㢟ࡣ㸳ࡘࢆୖ㝈࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ⏕ᚐ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚௒ᗘ
ࡣ10ಶࡢࢩࢼࣜ࢜ࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ10࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ」㞧ᗘྜ࠸࡟ࡼࡗ

－39－

࡚ࣞ࣋ࣝࢆศࡅࡓࢩࢼ࡛ࣜ࢜࠶ࡗࡓࡾࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ୍ࡘࡢࢩࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢩࣙࣥࠊࡍ
࡞ࢃࡕ≧ἣ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋḟ࡟ࠊ㸴ࡘࡢࢱ࢖ࣉࡢၥ㢟ゎỴࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡲࡍ࡜ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟್㸲ࢆ୚࠼ࡲࡍࡢ࡛⥲ᩘࡀ
24࡜࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ㸯ࡘࡢㄢ㢟࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣୖ㝈ࢆ㸲࡜ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚
᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊࡇࡢㄢ㢟࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢ⾲⌧᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸱ࡘࠊࡲࡎࢢࣛࣇᥦ♧ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣཱྀ㢌࡛ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑࡢ୧⪅ࠋᅇ⟅ࡢ௙᪉࡟㛵ࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ㑅ᢥ᪉ᘧ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊ
࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᵓᡂᆺ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࡢ୧⪅࡞ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
 ⓙᵝࡣ௦ᩘࡢࣉ࡛ࣟ࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡍ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋඛ࡯࡝࠾ぢࡏࡋࡲࡋࡓࢫ
ࣛ࢖ࢻࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞⛉┠ࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞㡯┠ࡀᣲࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࢆ
࣮ࣟࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥⓗ࡟࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ᙧ࡛ࠊᩘࡶࡤࡽࡤࡽ࡟⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ
ࡲࡋ࡚ࠊᐇࢆゝ࠺࡜5,355୓5,040௳ࡢಶูࡢヨ㦂ࡀసᡂ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲ
ࡍࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࡑࢀࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⫼ᬒ࡛ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⎔ቃࡢ୰࡛ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ホ౯᪉ἲࢆ࡜ࡿ࠿࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡉࡽ࡟ࣂ࢚ࣛࢸ࢕ࡣቑ࠼࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ☜࠿࡟ࡇࢀࡣ⭾኱࡞ᩘᏐ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣᐇ㝿࡟ࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞
⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࢆ᪤࡟ࢸࢫࢺࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ᮏᙜ࡟ẚ㍑ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࠊࡲࡓẚ㍑ᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚┦ᙜࡍࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡶࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ❧ドࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡋࠊ⮬ศࡓࡕࡀᮏᙜ࡟ホ౯ࡋࡓ࠸ࠊࡲࡓࢸࢫࢺࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ࠸⛉┠ࡢホ౯ࢆ⾜࠼ࡿ࠿࡞࡝ࡢࢧࣥࣉ
ࣜࣥࢢࡶ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ᪤࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞せ⣲ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᩘከ
ࡃࡢࢸࢫࢺࢆࡘࡃࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ௨๓࡟ẚ࡭࡚Ᏻ౯࡟ࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ᙧࡢ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ
࡞✀㢮ࡢࢸࢫࢺࢆࡘࡃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢸࢫࢺࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢࢫࢸࢵࣉ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᩍᖌࡀ
࠿࠿ࢃࡗ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡇࡑ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢩࢼࣜ࢜ࢆタᐃࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ
࠺࡞ㄢ㢟ࢆ୚࠼࡚ࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࢸࢫࢺࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆ
Ỵࡵࡿ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣᩍဨࡀ࠿࠿ࢃࡗ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡍࡋࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࢸࢫࢺࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ
ᚋࠊࡑࡢෆᐜࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ゎ㔘ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿ࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ⦅㞟࡜࠸࠺࠿ࠊゎ㔘సᴗ࡟ࡶᩍဨࡀ࠿࠿ࢃࡗ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀࡇࡑ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀࠊࡇࡢྍ⬟ᛶ࠿ࡽ㓃ࡳྲྀࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ
タィࡢ୰࡛ࠊ࠿࡞ࡾ⮬ື໬ࢆ⤌ࡳධࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊᐇ㝿࡟࡝࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆẚ㍑ᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࡢᇶ‽タᐃࢆᙧᘧ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄪᩚࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ
࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ෆᐜࢆࠊࡑࢀࡇࡑ㏱
᫂ᛶ࡟ἢࡗ࡚බ㛤ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࡜⏦ࡋࡲࡍࡢࡶඛ࡯࡝
⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࡜࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡇࡑ5,500୓௨ୖࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࠊࢸࢫࢺࡢ᪉ἲࡀ࠶ࡿ
ࢃࡅ࡛ࠊࡑࢀࢆࡍ࡭࡚グ᠈࡛ࡁࡿே࡞ࢇ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࠿ࡽࠊෆᐜࢆ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘබ㛤ࡋ࡚ࡶࢸࢫࢺࡢ᭷ຠᛶࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ

－40－ ࡲࡓࠊᑓ㛛ᐙ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡇࡑ࡝࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆඃඛࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺㡰఩࡙ࡅࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࡋࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢸࢫࢺࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟Ᏻ౯࡛῭ࡴࡇ࡜ࡀ฼Ⅼ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࢀࢆᐇ㝿࡟ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࠊ௒ᗘࡣ௒ࠊ࠾౑࠸ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࢆ኱ࠎ
ⓗ࡟ኚ᭦ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺ࡋ࡞࠸࡜ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪂ࡋ࠸ ᐃ᪉ἲࢆࡇ࡞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࡑࡢኚ᭦࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜㛵㐃࡙ࡅࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࠋ౛࠼ࡤ⛉┠࡜ㄆ▱ࡢ㛵ಀࠊࡑࡋ࡚21ୡ⣖ⓗ⬟ຊ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⪃࠼᪉࡟ࡑࢀࢆ㛵㐃࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࠊࡲࡓࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࢸࢫࢺࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿ㡯┠࡜ࠊ࠶ࡿ୍ᐃ
ࡢゝⴥ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡾᑓ㛛⏝ㄒࡢࢱࢢ௜ࡅࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㛵㐃ᛶࠊࡲࡓࠊ࡝࠺࠸࠺」㞧
࡞ෆᐜ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࡢෆᐜࡢ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ࠶ࡗࡓࡾᗘྜ࠸࡜ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࠊ
㛵㐃࡙ࡅ࡞࡝ࡶ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ⏕ᚐࡓࡕࡀࡇࡢヨ㦂ࢆཷࡅࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ⤒᫬ⓗ࡟㞟ィࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ
ࡑࡢ⏕ᚐࡢࢫࢥ࢔ࡀ඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ᮏᙜ࡟࠸࠸ࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࢀ࡜ࡶࠊ౛࠼ࡤၥ㢟ゎỴ࡜࠸࠺୍ࡘࡢ㡯┠࡟࠾࠸࡚㠀ᖖ࡞ᙉࡳࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡞࡝ࠊࡑࡢ⏕ᚐࡢഴྥࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊࢸࢫࢺࡢ┠ⓗ࡟ࡼࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ
ࡑࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࢧࣥࣉࣝ࡟⮬ศࡓࡕࡢዲࡳࡢษࡾཱྀ࡛ࢯ࣮ࢺࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚࠸ࡗ࡚ࠊᮏ
ᙜ࡟࡝ࡇࢆホ౯ࡋࡓ࠸࠿ࢆࣆ࣏ࣥ࢖ࣥࢺ࡛㑅ࡧ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡑࡢ᭷ຠᛶࢆாཷࡍࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ඛ࡯࡝ࡢ㏱᫂ᛶ࡜࠸࠺ࢸ࣮࣐࡟ᡠࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ࡛ࡣࠊᮏᙜ࡟⣽࠿࠸௙ᵝࢆࡍ࡭࡚බ㛤ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚ࡶ኱୔ኵ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊඛ࡯࡝⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࡜࠾ࡾ5,500୓௨ୖࡢࢱ࢖ࣉࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡶ࠸࠸ࡢ࠿ࠋ
 ࡇࡢ㈨᱁ㄆᐃไᗘࢆᩚഛࡍࡿ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡢࣔࢹࣝࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡍࠋ௒ࠊⓙᵝ࡟ࡈࡽࢇ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ࡯ࢇࡢ୍౛࡟ࡋ࠿ࡍ
ࡂࡲࡏࢇࡋࠊ⣽࠿࠸ㄝ᫂ࡣ๭ឡࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࡀࠊ౛࠼ࡤデ᩿ࣔࢹࣝࢆࡘ
ࡃࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡛ࡍࡋࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣ⤫ィࣔࢹ࡛ࣝゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ࣋࢖ࢪ࢔ࣥࣔࢹ
ࣝ࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡛ࡍࠋࡶࡋࡃࡣᣑᙇྍ⬟ᛶࢆ⛎ࡵࡓከ㠃ⓗ࡞ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡍࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ࣔࢹࣝࡢᐇ᪋ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾ
ࡲࡍࠋ ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻࡣࡲࡔἑᒣṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࢀ࡛᭱ᚋࡢ㸯ᯛ࡟ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ
ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡟ධࡽࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࡀࠊࡈㄝ᫂ࡋࡓෆᐜࢆ௒ࡍࡄ⾜ື࡟⛣ࡍࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡛ࡍࠋࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ᩿∦ⓗ࡟ኚ࠼࡚࠸ࡅࡤ࠸࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊᐇ㝿࡟ヨ㦂࡛ཷࡅࡿෆᐜ࡜ྠࡌ஦౛ࡣࠊ⏕ᚐࡓࡕ࡟ࡣᩍᐊ࡛ࡣ୍ษᩍ࠼ࡲࡏࢇࠋ࠶
ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶᇶᮏ࡜࡞ࡿ㦵Ꮚࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࢆᩍᐊ࡛ᩍ࠼࡚ࠊࡑࡢ㐺ᛂ⬟ຊࢆ ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࡀ୍ࡘࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ࡍࠋ

－41－ ࢔࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ࡣࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ኱ࠎⓗ࡟ኚ໬ࢆᑟධࡋࠊࢸࢫࢺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ୍ኚࡋ
࡚࠸ࡇ࠺࡜࠸࠺ヨࡳࡀ᪤࡟ጞࡲࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ௒ࠊࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢ㐍Ṍ࡟ࡼࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࣉࣛ࢖ࣂࢩ࣮ࡸࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕ࡢୡ⏺ࡀ୍ኚࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ
ព࿡࡛ࠊఱࡶබ㛤ࡋ࡞࠸࡛᝟ሗࢆᏲࢁ࠺ࠊぢࡏ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣࠊ
࠿࠼ࡗ࡚⮬ศࡓࡕ࠿ࡽ✚ᴟⓗ࡟᝟ሗබ㛤ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ࡯࠺ࡀࠊ⏕ᚐࡓࡕࡀ᝟ሗ
ࢆ┐ࡳྲྀࡗ࡚Web࣮࣌ࢪ࡟ᥖ㍕ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ
ࡢ࡛ࠊබ㛤ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠾࠺࡜࠸࠺᪉ྥ࡛௒ࡣ⪃࠼࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡓࡕ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ
࠸ࢃࡺࡿඛ࡟≌ไࡋ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿḟ➨࡛ࡍࠋ ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟⯆࿡῝࠸᫬௦࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋඛ࡯
࡝ヰࡋࡲࡋࡓ࡜࠾ࡾࠊᩍ⫱ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ᨵ㠉ࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡿ࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡢ
࡛ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡶࡐࡦ᳨ウᮦᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᮏࢧ࣑ࢵࢺࢆ㛤ദࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࡲࡋࡓ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡟ᚚ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍ
࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ㡹ᙇࡗ࡚ࡃࢀࡓ㏻ヂ࡟ࡶປ࠸ࢆఏ࠼ࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚఍ሙࡢⓙᵝࠊᮏ᪥ࡣࡈΎ⫈࡝࠺ࡶ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
‫ྖۑ‬఍ ࣮࣮࣋࢝ඛ⏕ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ



－42－



‫⌮࠸῝ࡾࡼ۔‬ゎࡢࡓࡵࡢ⿵㊊㈨ᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚㸸 ࣮࣮࣋࢝ඛ⏕ࡢࡈㅮ₇࡟㝿ࡋࠊ࣮࣮࣋࢝ඛ⏕ࡀᮏㅮ₇ࡢඖ࡜࡞ࡗࡓㄽᩥࢆ஦๓࡟ࡈ
⏝ពୗࡉࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࡈㅮ₇ࡢⱥㄒᩥ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡇࡢ࢜ࣜࢪࢼࣝㄽᩥ
ࢆࡈㅮ₇ࡢࡼࡾ῝࠸⌮ゎࡢࡓࡵࡢཧ⪃㈨ᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚ᥖ㍕ࡉࡏ࡚㡬ࡁࡲࡍࠋ
Toward Innovative Design and Validity Models: A Certification Example
Eva L. Baker
University of California, Los Angeles
National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing (CRESST)Introduction
This paper will focus on the how to develop and verify high quality assessments. The
paper is agnostic about assessment formats, i.e., multiple choice or open-ended, responses
because of the reality of constraints of testing time, content domain, cognitive demands, andcosts of development. The paper begins with a brief discussion of assessment history andemerging societal changes that will affect the future of assessment development. It then moves
to consider one common assessment purpose: certification. In this section, practical andtechnical questions are posed about quality, fairness, use, and reporting of certifications.
The paper then moves to elements needed to design high quality assessment, i.e., design
approach, the use of computational models to investigate quality, and the more traditional
concern of validity (attached to various assessment purposes). Validity elements have been
well described by writers such as Messick (1989), Linn (2010), Mislevy (2007) and Shepard(1993), and the writers of the sequence of revisions of the Standards for Educational andPsychological Testing (1999). These writers have focused on the evidence provided by test
results, reasonable interpretations, and ensuing consequences of test findings to support ordisconfirm the claim(s) of validity.
Writing at a highly conceptual level, first House and Lawrence (1990), and thenMislevy, Steinberg, and Almond (2003) and other colleagues have focused on the need forevidence to back up any validity claim. The general approbation of Evidence-Centered Design
suggests the field has understood that the purpose of a test must be to possess evidence and acogent argument that supports its claims. This view may change.
History and Change in Testing and Assessment Theory and Practices
History. At the beginning of test development, psychologists integrated the topics oftheir interest, for instance, certain personality variables, with psychometric approaches likefactor analysis to identify content-based factors or dimensions that supported the clustering ofitems. There may have been two dimensions identified for a particular construct (worry andemotionality in the case of anxiety, for instance). For the most part, psychologists wereinterested in stability of examinee classification and change in scores was often thought of as
error variance. In discussions of traits, (she is always extroverted) or states (she is only
extroverted among friends), differences were situational and not thought to be amenable tochange (although in anxiety some efforts were made to change self-perceptions).
When educational assessment and testing became big business, either for selection andadmission, accountability of programs, personnel, or systems, the idea of multiple dimensions
seemingly was submerged. Psychometricians usually used a single indicator to describe－43－individuals’ scores, the examinees’ average, obtained at a single occasion, such as end of year
examinations. The score might be arrayed into categories, from excellent to failing, or reported
in terms of a ranking among other examinees, such as percentiles. In most cases, separate
studies of validity were conducted for each purpose (predicting college grades or on-the-job
performance, for instance). During this period simple correlations were used to estimate
validity, with concurrent tests, predictions, and relationships among constructs such as
quantitative and verbal ability.
Change. But education needs and policies changed and required new approaches todesign and verify validity claims. When performance was looked at in terms of simple
differences between a pretest and a post instructional measure, it became clear that in manyeducational domains, such as mathematics, a concept like quantitative ability was too gross acategory. Instead math performance could measure more specific elements. The idea of
accounting for performance a multi-dimensional test was especially important if teachers were
expected to improve current or subsequent examinees’ performance. If a single indicator wereused to account for quantitative ability, it would be very hard to determine where to focus,
especially what was teachable and learnable, and what part of the ability was general intelligence.
With the advent of objectives, outcome-based learning, or standards-based educational
reforms, the trend has been to more specific elements in standards, strands or themes thattraverse grade levels, such as geometric thinking. There also has been a strong desire to use
assessments explicitly for multiple assessment purposes. Assessments might be given both toestimate levels of student performance and to signal areas for improvement. They might beused to document students learning of a particular domain, as well as to make predictions for
future performance. The data could be addressed to the inferences drawn about teacher
quality based on student performance (value-added models). A perusal of the literature willshow that most tests are designed for a single purpose, and additional purposes are added onafter the fact because of the joint impact of policy requirements and cost constraints. Moreover,most multi-purpose tests are not validated for more than the original purpose.
With the emergence of technology as a means to (working backwards) analyze results,
score performance, administer tests, and design assessments, it became possible to (1)understand elements of assessment performance at a more granular level, (2) address students’performance over time with well-monitored databases, by (3) tagging key components ofperformance sequences to make inferences about design (and instructional elements) such as
cognition, content domain attributes, models of assessment tasks and scoring. Differencesamong groups of students or institutions could be identified. Let us now turn to certification asa purpose to be considered. After the discussion, the paper will describe innovations inassessment design and computational modeling that I believe may revolutionize the way weconduct assessment, especially in an age of powerful technology options.
Assessment for Certification
Certification denotes achieving a level of performance on a defined body of knowledge,
skills, and propensities identified with a domain (math) or application (computer network
manager). To be useful, the domains to be certified should represent key knowledge and skills,
relevant situations and applications, and fully sample these elements. The certification process
documents the level of accomplishment, predicts future performance in similar or transfer
settings or applications, and may be combined with other sources of information such as
supervisory ratings as well as performance measures.
Some would say that “certification minimums” include the following in Table 1.

－44－

Table 1
Certification Minimums
1.

Mastery of separate or integrated task components

2. Demonstrating competence in key settings and constraints
3. Valuing performance, along a continuum of excellence, (such as high honors, proficient,satisfactory, marginal, unsatisfactory)
4. Using evidence to verify that the elements assessed and the values given performanceare valid
5. Employing technically reliable cut scores placed around categories

These minimums may be augmented by other sources of data to better value
performance. For example, other elements for consideration include the speed of acquisitionof desired performance elements and the error types and rates during the acquisition andcertification processes, over time for individuals and programs. Ideally, to be certified, thecandidate must know in detail what is expected, and these expectations should be available
publically.
Certification and Selection. Certification usually is awarded at the end of a process orprogram as documentation of accomplishment. Selection is the process made to choose among
the best for admission or placement into desirable programs. When these may be combined as away to augment the pure selection models, questions occur, such as those listed in Table 2.

－45－

Table 2
Practical Certification Questions
1.

Is Secondary School certification to be supplement to current higher education selection
models?

2. How will components be weighted?
3. What is the role of course grades or ranked standings?
4. Is Higher Education certification on the table?

Another concern is how the publication of certification requirements will occur and how
much flexibility will be permitted. How will expectations be made transparent? Table 3
breaks this question down.
Table 3Practical Certification Questions About Flexibility
1.

Will different institutions have different interpretations of similar content?

2. Is there flexibility desired in choice of areas and methods for certification by student?
3. With the certification tasks, is there flexibility in choice of alternative solutions or
described right answer acceptable?

There are also questions about transparency, including whether tasks specifications,domain, cognitive and other elements will be available in advance of training and examination?
Will models at various levels of proficiency be available? Can a larger corpus be made publicprior to examination administration? The trade-off is between complex understanding ofpotential tasks and traditional security measures. As assessments become more frequently
administered by technology, and everyone’s use of technology is more automatic, security will beharder to maintain in any case.
These questions will require policy, practical, and technical solutions.
Innovations in Reporting Educational Certification. Traditionally reports have
employed scores, usually averages, arrayed in ranks or other categories. Newer options haveincluded profiles, where performance on each key element is depicted in the report. These
profiles, if used for certification and for instructional improvement, will require technical quality
indicators for each class of entries.
Used for dual purposes, profiles can also provide the student or the instructor with early
warning during or after preliminary assessment; feedback to modify instructional program
offerings or the study methods of individuals, and for redesign of test preparation practices.
Through combined analyses, window is opened to view the equity and fairness of thecertification practices and results.
Badges as Reporting Innovation. Recently, using technology platforms, the use ofbadges has been advocated as a way of crediting accomplishments in tune with certification.
These Badges represent bundled skill sets associated with a complex skill or certification area
(lifesaving at the pool, the beach, on ships), some of which have (as in portfolios) requiredelements, some which offer the examinee considerable choice in application area, sequencing,－46－

and level of performance. These badges, therefore, may represent slightly different sets ofcompetencies from person to person. So it is imperative that certifiers are carefully trained andmonitored to maintain comparability of badge meaning.
Badges may be used as more than something to collect, like stamps. They may haveserious implications for education and careers. If they become part of a certification-reporting
scheme, then higher education institutions wishing to use them to supplement (or substitutefor) test scores will need to agree on criteria and standards of comparability among individuals
and students. They may also gain status as indicators of real competency that can be job
related and could be adopted by employers in relevant fields and become a valued part of acandidates resume. For either of these uses to occur, there must be formal links among the
key stakeholders in the design and use of badges, development, and validation. For integrated
development to occur, there are a number of technical as well as social steps. I will concentrateon the former. First, reviews of comprehensiveness, detail and clarity of domains are essential.
Second, designers must co-create and prioritize elements in domains and applications. Third,
approaches to transparency of expectations should be addressed. Fourth, comparability mustbe established. These goals provide a direct lead in to the next section, using design elements
to make high quality tests and assessments.
Design Elements for High Quality Tests and Assessments
To create high quality assessments at scale and at reasonable cost, I have advocateddetailed front-end analysis. The discussion that follows breaks down front-end analysis
requirements and shows how such designs can generate large numbers of assessments rapidly.
The elements of design I have spoken about in Japan before include the content domain, thecognitive elements, and the task models for assessment implementation. This discussion will
be followed by a description of computational approaches that can also simplify and raise thequality of assessment quality.
The content domain or subject matter of interest must be accurate, comprehensive ofcritical elements, and include different levels of desired complexity. The cognitive elements areintended to explicate the components of rigorous thinking and the task models, or frames used
to generate assessment tasks and items need to transform and clarify goals and standards into
intuitive forms of communication with students. Our approach is to take these elements andplace them into a framework that allows each element to include examples of independent,
exchangeable components of the learning/assessment task. To operationalize this, we haveused the idea of rotation, that is, each component has examples rotated to create new items andtasks in a systematic way so that the entire domain of interest is covered. We use ontologies, orgraphical or network representations of content, to assure desired content coverage(represented in Figure 1 below).

－47－

Figure 1: Domain Ontology: Math
We select which cognitive demand(s) are relevant for the task, e.g., problem solving(Figure 2), and design stimulus, resource, constraints and response options to represent the task
models or components of item specifications.

－48－

Figure 2: Problem Solving Ontology Example
Task models include specifications of what the student sees such as scenario, pictures,texts, and symbols, what the student must do, answer a question, write an essay, resources suchas information upon which to draw, or constraints, such as using a particular approach or
solving a problem in a brief time period. Finally there are scoring rules that value the student
response. Then elements are rotated. Figure 3 is based on the algebraic approach ofcombinations and permutations. It shows rotated design as a metaphor.

－49－

Domain

Problem Solving

Scenario

Stimulus

Response

Figure 3: Rotated Design
Each different combination would be one of all possible specified values of particularelements, and permutations would be used when duplication is not permitted, or when ordermatters in the task. So in the area of force and motion, rotated design might look like theinstance in Table 4 below.

－50－

Table 4
Rotated Design Features

1.

Eight concepts of importance in the physics strand of force and motion, such as
propulsion, friction, vector, and 5 will be in any problem (56)

2. Ten task situations that involve varying levels of complexity (10)3. Six attributes of problem solving each with 4 values, or 24 but no more that than 4 canbe measured in any task (10626)
4. Three variations of item format: graphical, verbal, or both (3)5. Three response formats: selected, constructed, or both (3)These are multiplied to give the size of the task domain.
Thus with only five attributes and a limited number of different numbers of concepts,
situations, and so on, one complete rotation using exchangeable components would work out toequal 53,555,040. That is there are more than 55 million items in one complete cycle ofexchangeable values for each design feature. This number is very large, and can be treated as
virtual. Particular combinations or arrangements may have greater importance, and be
weighted or more items on the test. While this idea seems whimsical, it becomes increasingly
practical when one considers automated assessment design. In particular, the virtues ofrotated rule-based design are listed in Table 5.

－51－

Table 5
Virtues of Rotated (or Exchangeable) Design

1.

Easily automated or partially automated

2. Large and complete domain to sample
3. Comparable forms easy to create
4. Easy to be transparent to users or examinees
5. Easy to weight items based on design complexity, rather than item difficulty indices
6. Fast, once ontologies and expert selected priorities and rules are made7.

Inexpensive to renew

8. Easy to select items or tasks for “transfer and generalization

Resulting database design will depend upon tagging and “big data” techniques tomonitor individual and system progress over time, on the set of tasks as well as on their design
features or elements. These requirements include smallest practical level of granularity,
tagging procedures (automated), flexible data examination for various validity analyses, such as
sensitivity to instruction or dependencies on prior knowledge.
Summary of Rotated Design.
First consider quality, alignment andcomprehensiveness. Quality and content validity are explicitly built in. Full rotations indesigns permit clarity and transparency desirable in certification. It also enables automatedassessment design at greatly reduced cost, increased speed, and heightened quality.
Computational Models Integrated with Rotated Design: an Innovative Approach to
Improving Assessment Quality
Computational models, and psychometrics in general, have not made much use ofcontent or cognitive aspects of task design. Li Cai (2010) and his colleagues have been working
on a suite of related models involving multidimensional scaling, diagnostic modeling, andBayesian analyses (for measurement on multiple occasions). When these models areintegrated with ontology domain and cognitive content, and other features, for instance,
linguistic complexity, it is possible to draw validity inferences from the same data set relative todifferent assessment purposes. Instead of developing a separate set of validity studies for each
assessment purpose, the integration of these sets of computational models will allow faster andmore accurate estimates of quality for purposes identified by the user. In addition, small scale
and potentially short-term studies can be used for verification. For example, expert-novice
comparisons in a particular area or field can serve as proxies for verifying the instructional
sensitivity of tasks, without waiting for yearlong cycles to occur. Computational modeling canalso handle problems of comparability, particularly when surface features vary but the goal
intended to be measured is in common. This use of modeling (Figure 4) allows the integrationof certifications across institutions and between examinees.

－52－

Cai, 2013
Figure 4: Computational Models
How does this integrated model relate to assessment quality for certification? Threesimple ideas may be addressed. First, we could try out whether exposure to assessment
features, models, or the full domain affects validity and reduces cost. Second, we candetermine which types of tasks and application areas should be “held back” from public view toassess transfer and generalization. Third, we should investigate the range of security and privacy
issues associated with certifications done on technology platforms.
Research and Development
Currently, at CRESST/UCLA with a focus on new measures of the Common Core ofState Standards in mathematics and English Language Arts, we are conducting trials using gamedata from middle school math students where through computer monitoring we havecompletely specified the instructional experience of each student (Cai and Choi, In Press). We
are conducting similar trials in states developing their own assessment systems as well as in one
Federally-funded, multi-state assessment consortium.
But much other work remains to be done. We need to refine our ontologies and use
optimal levels of content and cognitive specificity. Second, we need more refined efforts toimprove the types of automated scoring, beyond the current artificial intelligence models in use.
We are also interested in the variety of useful database designs that facilitate our understandingof learning and accomplishment, especially on data collected longitudinally. Finally, we wish
to document power across assessment purposes.

－53－Summary
We have described issues in certification and key elements of how to make it practicaland of high quality. We have described alternative reporting mechanisms for certification andways to make certification transparent and useful to stake holders. To that end, we havedescribed a design approach that uses rotation and exchangeable examples for fixed elements(or rules) thought to be critical for accomplishment in a particular area. We have described
how that approach enabled by the use of modern computational modeling may simplify andreduce cost of high quality assessments. Finally, we have described an ambitious research
agenda, looking toward greater automation in assessment design to address validity in astronger, more integrated manner.

References
American Educational Research Association (AERA), American Psychological Association (APA),
and National Council for Measurement in Education (NCME). (1999). Standards foreducational and psychological testing. Washington, DC: American Educational Research
Association.
Baker, E. L. (2012). Assessment in learning. In N. M. Seel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of the sciences oflearning (Vol. 1, pp. 316-321). New York: Springer.
Cai, L. (2013). Multi-dimensional Scaling and Diagnostic Modeling. Los Angeles, CA:
University of California, Los Angeles Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, andStudent Testing.
Cai, L., & Choi, K. (In Press). Validity Models. Los Angeles, CA: University of California, Los
Angeles Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing.
House, E. R., & Lawrence, N. (1990). Report on content definition process in social studies
testing (CSE Tech. Rep. No. 310). Los Angeles, CA: University of California, Los Angeles
Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing.
Linn, R. L. (2010). Validity. In B. McGaw, P. L. Peterson, & E. L. Baker (Eds.), International
Encyclopedia of Education (3rd ed., Vol. 4, pp. 181-185). Oxford, England, Elsevier.
Messick, S. (1989). Validity. In R. L. Linn (Ed.), Educational measurement (3rd ed., pp. 13-103).
New York: Macmillan.
Messick, S. (1994). The interplay of evidence and consequences in the validation of performanceassessments. Educational Researcher, 23(2), 13–23. doi:10.2307/1176219
Mislevy, R.J. (2007). Validity by design. Educational Researcher, 36, 463-469.
Mislevy, R. J., Almond, R. G., & Lukas, J. F. (2003). A brief introduction to evidence-centered
design (Research Report 03-16). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service. Retrieved
from http://www.ets.org/Media/Research/pdf/RR-03-16.pdf
Mislevy, R. J., Steinberg, L. S., & Almond, R. A. (2003). On the structure of educational
assessments. Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 1, 3-67.
Shepard, L. A. (1993). Evaluating test validity. In L. Darling-Hammond (Ed.), Review of
Research in Education (Vol. 19, pp. 405-450). Washington, DC: American Educational
Research Association.

－54－

©Regents of the University of California－55－©Regents of the University of California－56－©Regents of the University of California－57－©Regents of the University of California－58－©Regents of the University of California－59－©Regents of the University of California－60－➨୍㒊ࢆ⤊࠼ࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚
⥲ྜྖ఍     ⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ◊✲࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝᐊᐈဨᩍᤵ
ᱜ⨾ᯘ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ⏣୰ ⩏㑻 ࡈᢎ▱ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾࠊᮏ኱Ꮫධヨࢧ࣑ࢵࢺࡣࠊධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ◊✲ᶵᵓ࡛ࡢ㐣ཤ㸱ᅇࡢබ㛤ᅜ㝿ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘(2011-13)ࡢ⥲ᣓ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ࠊᇶ
ㄪㅮ₇⪅ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢥ࣓ࣥࢸ࣮ࢱ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ࡈཧຍ㡬࠸ࡓ᪉ࠎ࡟ࠊⱝᖸྡࡢ᪂ࡓ
࡞ㅮ₇⪅࣭ࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢧࣥࢺࢆຍ࠼࡚ࠊ⫈⾗ࠊㅮ₇⪅㸭ࢥ࣓ࣥࢸ࣮ࢱ࣮㸭ࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢧࣥࢺ࡜ඹ࡟ࠊྡ๓ࠊ㢦ࠊᡤᒓࡀࡣࡗࡁࡾ࡜ศ࠿ࡿᙧ࡛ࠊᐇࡢ࠶ࡿࢩࣥ
࣏ࢪ࣒࢘ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࠕ㔞ࢆࡿ࣮࣒࣭࣎ࣜࣗࢸࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ࠿ࡽ㉁࡟ᐤࡾῧ࠺ࢡ࢜ࣜࢸ࢕࣭ࢸࢫࢸ

࢕ࣥࢢ࡬ࡢ⛣⾜ࠖࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ㸰㸯ୡ⣖ᆺࢸࢫࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋPISA
ᆺᏛຊࠊIB ᆺᏛຊ࡞࡝ࠊᵝࠎ࡞஦౛࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ㄒࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࢔࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ࡶࡗ
࡜ࡶᙳ㡪ຊࡢ࠶ࡿホ౯ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡢ୍ே࡛࠶ࡿ UCLA=CRESST ࡢ࢚ࣂ࣭࣮࣋࢝
࣮༤ኈࡢ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᩍ⫱◊✲Ꮫ఍㛗ᑵ௵ࢫࣆ࣮ࢳ(2008)ࡢ㢟┠ࡣࠊ“The End(s) of
Testing ”࡛࠶ࡾࠊព࿡ࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡣࠊ▱㆑㔞࡟ࡼࡿ㑅ᢤᆺࢸࢫࢺ᫬௦ࡢ⤊ࢃࡾ࡛ࡍࠋᙼዪࡣࠊࠕேࡣࣂࣛࣥࢫࡢ࡜ࢀࡓே⏕ࢆồࡵࡿࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ⌧௦♫఍࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣂࣛࣥࢫࡣࠊ➇தⓗ౯್ࠊ┠๓࡟❧ࡕࡣࡔ࠿ࡿ㈐ົࠊ‶ࡓࡉࢀ࡞࠸
㔝ᮃࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ୙⏝ព࡟㦁ࡂ❧࡚ࡿ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔➼ࡢ≛≅࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࠊ࡜ゝ࠸ࡲࡍࠋඃ⚽࡞⏕ᚐ࡜୙ฟ᮶࡞⏕ᚐ࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢཷධࢀ㞴࠸᱁ᕪࡀ࡝ࡢᅜ࡟ࡶᏑᅾࡋࠊ
ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬࣭ከᵝ໬ࡍࡿ♫఍࡛ࠊඹ㏻ࡢ㐩ᡂᗘࡢᵓ⠏࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࠊ⤌⧊ⓗ࡞ືࡁࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋබᩍ⫱ࡣࠊ⤌⧊ⓗ࠿ࡘ࿘฿࡟‽ഛࡉࢀࡓᨻ⟇‽ᣐᆺࢸࢫࢺࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊಶࠎேࡢ⮬ᕫᐇ⌧ࡼࡾࡶᩍ⫱άື࡟ồࡵࡽࢀࡿ♫఍ⓗ࡞ㄝ᫂㈐௵㸦࢔࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ࢕㸧ࡢᵓ㐀࡜ᐦ᥋࡟㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⌧௦ࡢᩍ⫱࡛ࡣከࡃࡢࢸࢫ
ࢺࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᖹ➼ᛶ࡜බᖹᛶࡢᐇ⌧ࢆ┠ᣦࡍᐃ⢭ᗘࡢ㏣ồࡶ኱ษ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡲࡎࠊ
ࠕఱ࡟౑࠺ࡢ࠿㸽ࠖࡢどⅬࡀ㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋᐇ㝿ࠊၥ㢟࡞ࡢࡣࠊGPA
ࡸᚑ᮶ᆺࡢࢸࢫࢺ࡛ࡣࠊᏛ⏕ಶࠎேࡢ㐍Ꮫ㐺ᛶࡸᏛ⩦≧ἣࡣศ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࡋࠊᏛ
ᴗ㐩ᡂࡢணࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠊ࡜࠸࠺⌧ᐇ࡟ዴఱ࡟ྥࡁྜ࠺࠿ࠊ࡛ࡍࠋ௒ࡸࠊᏛᰯ

࡛ࡢᡂຌ࡟ࡣࠊ♫఍࡛ࡢᡂຌ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࠊከᵝ࡛ࠊࡑࡋ࡚」㞧࡞せ⣲ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚
࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ᫬௦࡟ࡣࠊࢡ࢜ࣜࢸ࢕࣭ࢸࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡀ୺ὶ࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋᏛ

－61－ᰯ࡛ࡣࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿሙ㠃࡛ࠊྰᛂ↓ࡋ࡟ࠊ㔞㸦࣮࣒࣎ࣜࣗ㸧࠿ࡽ㉁㸦ࢡ࢜ࣜࢸ࢕㸧࡬࡜㛵ᚰࡀ⛣⾜ࡏࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࡋࠊࡑࡢᑐᛂࡀᛴࡀࢀࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡣࠊ
ࡑࡢሙྜࠊ࠸࠿࡞ࡿࢸࢫࢺࡀᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ                            

－62－

➨஧㒊
ධヨᨵ㠉ࡢᗙᶆ㍈－63－➨㸰㒊 ධヨᨵ㠉ࡢᗙᶆ㍈ ᇶㄪㅮ₇㸦㸱㸧ධヨᨵ㠉ࡢᗙᶆ㍈ᮾி኱Ꮫྡ㄃ᩍᤵ

ኳ㔝 㑳ኵ Ặ‫ྖۑ‬఍ ࡲࡎᇶㄪㅮ₇࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࠕධヨᨵ㠉ࡢᗙᶆ㍈ࠖ࡜࠸࠺₇㢟࡛ኳ㔝㑳ኵඛ⏕࡟࠾㢪࠸⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ ኳ㔝ඛ⏕ࡣᮾி኱Ꮫྡ㄃ᩍᤵ࡛࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞࠾ᙺ⫋ࢆṔ௵ࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ⚾࠿ࡽᨵࡵ࡚ࡈ⤂௓⏦ࡋୖࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ
ࡀࠊ᪥ᮏ㧗➼ᩍ⫱Ꮫ఍ࡢึ௦ࡢ఍㛗⫋ࡶ࠾ົࡵ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊኳ㔝㑳ኵඛ⏕࡟ࡈㅮ₇ࢆࡕࡻ࠺ࡔ࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ࡝࠺ࡒࡼࢁࡋࡃ
࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬ኳ㔝Ặ ࡈ⤂௓࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓኳ㔝࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ஂࡋࡪࡾ࡟ධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡟ఛࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᘓ≀ࡀ኱ศྂࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ᫬
㛫ࡢ⤒㐣ࢆឤࡌࡉࡏࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾஦࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ⚾ࡣධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡜ࡣ῝࠸࠿࠿ࢃࡾྜ࠸ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊⓎ㊊ᙜึࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢ㐠Ⴀጤဨ఍ࡢጤဨࢆఱᖺ
࠿ົࡵࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࡶᅜ኱༠ࡢධヨᨵၿࡢ≉ูጤဨ఍ࡢጤဨ
ࢆ㛗ࡃࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡜ࡣ࠸ࡘࡶ㆟ㄽࢆࡍࡿ௰㛫࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ᚋ࡛ヰࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ㸿㹀ࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉศࡅ࡜࠿๓ᮇ࣭ᚋᮇ᪥⛬࡬ࡢศ๭ࠊධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡬ࡢ㌿᥮࡞࡝࡞࡝ࠊ≉ูጤဨ఍ࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡔࡗࡓࡇ
ࢁ࡛ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࠊᅉ⦕ὸ࠿ࡽࡠࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ࡞࡜ᨵࡵ࡚ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊࢭࣥ
ࢱ࣮ࡢㄪᰝ◊✲㒊ࡢእ㒊ホ౯ࢆࠊ㸰ᗘࡸࡽࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡶᛮ࠸ฟࡋࡲࡋ
ࡓࠋ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࠊࡎ࠸ࡪࢇྂ࠸ୡ௦ࡢே㛫࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ࠾ヰࡋࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ୰࡟ࡶฟ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࡀࠊ᫛࿴29ᖺࡲ࡛㐍Ꮫ㐺ᛶ᳨ᰝ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾࡲ
ࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡣࡑࡢ᭱ᚋࡢཷ㦂⏕࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡤࡽࡃࡋ࡚࠿ࡽࠊ⬟◊ࢸࢫࢺࡀጞࡲࡾࡲ
ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢࡇࢁ⚾ࡣᅜ❧ᩍ⫱◊✲ᡤ࡟࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ◊✲ᡤࡢᩜᆅෆ࡟⬟ຊ㛤Ⓨ◊✲ᡤ࡜࠸࠺㈈ᅋἲேࡢᘓ≀ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡶぬ࠼࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ
᭱㏆ࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ▱㆑ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊṔྐ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ▱㆑ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸯ே࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ୺࡟Ṕྐⓗ࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆ࠾ヰࡋࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓ
ࡔࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡲࡓධヨᨵ㠉ࡢᏘ⠇ࡀࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࡞࡜࠸࠺ᛮ࠸ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

－65－ࡈᢎ▱ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᩍ⫱෌⏕ᐇ⾜఍㆟ࡀ➨㸲ḟᥦゝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕ㧗➼Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱࡜኱Ꮫᩍ⫱࡜ࡢ᥋⥆࣭኱ᏛධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢᅾࡾ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࢱ࢖ࢺࣝࡢሗ࿌ࢆฟ
ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠾ᡭඖ࡟㈨ᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚㓄௜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢሗ࿌ࡢෆᐜࠊ
ࢱ࢖ࢺࣝ࡟࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠕ᥋⥆ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࡛ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࢆᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿⅬࡸࠊ㧗ᰯᩍ⫱࡜኱Ꮫᩍ⫱཮᪉ࡢᨵ㠉ࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿⅬ࡛ࠊ࠿࡞ࡾ᪂ࡋ࠸どⅬࢆྵࢇࡔᥦ
ゝࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛≉࡟┠⋢ⓗ࡞ᥦゝ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢᨵ㠉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝ࠸ࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ㸰✀㢮ࡢඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺࡢᑟධࠊࡑࢀ࡟ࠕ୎ᑀ࡞㑅ᢤࠖࡢᑟධ࡟ᚲせࢆᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠸ࡿⅬ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠾㓄ࡾࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ⚾ࡢࣞࢪ࣓ࣗࢆࡈぴ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᥦゝࡢෆᐜࢆ⡆༢࡟せ⣙ࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡍ࡜ࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡎࠊ㸯␒┠ࡢ㐩ᡂᗘࢸࢫࢺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࢀࢆࠕᇶ♏ࣞ࣋ࣝࠖ࡜ࠕⓎᒎࣞ࣋ࣝࠖ࡟ศࡅࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠕᇶ♏ࣞ࣋ࣝࠖࡢ࡯࠺ࡣࠊ㧗ᰯᅾᏛ⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࠊᇶ♏
ⓗࠊඹ㏻ⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ࡢ㐩ᡂᗘࢆᐈほⓗ࡟ᢕᥱࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡍࡿࠋᐇ᪋୺యࡣᮍᐃ࡛
ࡍࡀࠊᖜᗈ࠸Ꮫຊࢆᢕᥱࠊ᳨ドࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟」ᩘᅇᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊ㧗ᰯ༞ᴗㄆᐃࡸ኱ᏛධᏛ㈨᱁࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ฼⏝ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ㧗ᰯ࡛ࡢᣦᑟᨵၿࡸᏛ⩦ࡢᨵၿ࡟⮬⏤࡟ά⏝ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊཷ㦂ࡍࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡣ㧗ᰯࡸཷ㦂⏕ࡢ⮬⏤࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸰ࡘ┠ࡢ㐩ᡂᗘࢸࢫࢺࡣࠊࠕⓎᒎࣞ࣋ࣝࠖ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡕࡽࡣ኱Ꮫ
㐍Ꮫᕼᮃ⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࡍࡿࠋ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡿࡢ࡟ᚲせ࡞⬟ຊࡢุᐃࢆࡍࡿࠋࡇ
ࡕࡽࡶᐇ᪋୺యࡣᮍᐃࠋࢭࣥࢱ࣮➼ࡢࣀ࢘ࣁ࢘ࡸ฼Ⅼࢆά⏝ࡍࡿࠋᇶ♏ࣞ࣋ࣝࢸࢫࢺ࡜㐃ᦠࡋ୍࡚యⓗ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࠋከ㠃ⓗ࡞ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢᇶ♏㈨ᩱ࡟ࡍࡿࠋ
ࡇࢀࡶ」ᩘᅇᐇ᪋࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㹁㹀㹒᪉ᘧؐࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࢻ࣭ࢸࢫ
ࢺ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀࢆ౑࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ᳨ウࡋࡓࡽ࡝࠺࠿ࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽゝㄒ㐠⏝⬟ຊࠊᩘ⌮ㄽ⌮ຊࠊศᯒຊࠊၥ㢟ゎỴ⬟ຊ➼ࡶ ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠋヨ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ẁ㝵ⓗ࡟♧ࡍࠋ▱㆑೫㔜ࡢ㸯Ⅼ้ࡳࡢ㑅ᢤ࠿ࡽ⬺༷ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟฼⏝ࢆᕤኵࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀ᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢከ㠃ⓗ࣭⥲ྜⓗ࡞ホ౯ุ࣭ᐃ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞୰㌟࡟
࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡎࠊ㣴ᡂࡍࡿேᮦീࡢ᫂☜໬ࢆᅗࡿࠋࡇࡢࠕ㣴ᡂࡍࡿேᮦീࠖ
࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ኱Ꮫࡢ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ࠊᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡣࡇࡢࡈࢁ኱Ꮫࡢᶵ⬟ูศ໬࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡟ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢேᮦീ࡟
ᑐᛂࡉࡏ࡚ࠊ࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩ࣏ࣙࣥࣜࢩ࣮ࢆලయ໬ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠕⓎᒎࣞ࣋ࣝࠖࢸ
ࢫࢺࡢᙎຊⓗ࡞ά⏝ࠊࠕ୎ᑀ࡞㑅ᢤࠖ࡟ࡼࡿධᏛ⪅ࡢẚ⋡ࡢ኱ᖜ࡞ቑຍࢆᅗࡿࠊ
࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠕ୎ᑀ࡞ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ࡼࡾࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ㠃᥋ࠊㄽᩥࠊ᥎
⸀᭩ࠊྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓከᵝ࡞άືࠊධᏛᚋࡢᏛ⩦ィ⏬᱌➼ࡢά⏝ࢆᅗࡿ࡜࠸࠺
ࡇ࡜ࠊࡑࡋ࡚௻ᴗே➼࡟ࡼࡿ㠃᥋ࡶ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࢀࡀᥦゝࡢලయⓗ࡞ෆᐜ࡛ࡍࠋ

－66－ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᥦゝࡀฟࡿ࡟⮳ࡗࡓࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢධヨᨵ㠉ࡢ⤒⦋ࢆࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ࠾ヰࡋࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢ๓࡟ࠊ࡞ࡐ௒ࠊᨵࡵ࡚ධヨᨵ㠉࡞ࡢ࠿⡆༢࡟ゐࢀ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࠊ᭱㏆ࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇ㄽ㆟࡛⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋฟ࡚
ࡃࡿࠊඹ㏻ࡢ㸱ࡘࡢ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻࡀ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸯ࡘࡣࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ໬࡛ࡍࠋ ࡇࢀࡣᨵࡵ࡚ゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱࡬ࡢ㐍Ꮫ⋡ࡣୖ᪼ࢆ⥆ࡅ㸪ᑓಟᏛᰯࢆྜࢃࡏࡲࡍ࡜78㸣࡟㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⌧ᙺᚿ㢪⋡ࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ኱
Ꮫࠊ▷኱ࡔࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ㸴๭࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ໬ࡀ㐩ᡂࡉࢀࡓ≧ἣ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊධᏛ⪅ࡢᏛຊࡀከᵝ໬ࡋ࡚ࠊᏛຊࡢప࠸
ᒙࡢᗈࡀࡾࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛Ꮫຊపୗㄽࡀฟ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊධᏛ㑅ᢤࡢぢ┤ࡋㄽ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ㸯ࡘ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸰ࡘ┠ࡣࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬࡛ࡍࠋ ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞኱Ꮫ㛫ࡢ➇தࡀ⃭໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋඛ➃ⓗ࡞⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡➇தࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ
ࡋࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ࠊ኱Ꮫࡢᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢࡀᗄࡘ࠿ࡢᅋయ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ẖᖺ⾜ࢃࢀࠊヰ㢟࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ேᮦ⋓ᚓ➇தࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㣴ᡂ➇தࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ
≉࡟ඃ⚽࡞␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢ⋓ᚓࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞⃭ࡋ࠸➇தࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࡈᢎ▱ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣮ࣝࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ㣴ᡂ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡶゝࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚
࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ୰࡛࢚࣮ࣜࢺ኱Ꮫࡢࠊ᭱㏆ࡣ◊✲኱Ꮫ࡜࠸࠺ゝ࠸᪉ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ
༴ᶵឤࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㧗ࡲࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ௒ࡢࡲࡲࡢධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ࡛࠸࠸ࡢ࠿ࠊධᏛ᫬
ᮇࢆኚ࠼ࡼ࠺࠿࡜࠿ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤᯟࢆࡘࡃࢁ࠺࠿࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࢢࣟ
࣮ࣂࣝ໬ࡀධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢぢ┤ࡋ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸱ࡘ┠ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡶࡇࡇ㸳㹼㸴ᖺࠊ≉࡟ᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᶵ⬟ูศ໬࡛ࡍࠋ ኱Ꮫࡣᶵ⬟ⓗ࡟ศ໬ࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣᏛ㒊࣭Ꮫ⛉ࡀከᵝ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠿ࠊ
ᑓ㛛ᩍ⫱⮬యࡀከᵝ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ኱Ꮫ⮬యࡀᶵ⬟࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᗄࡘ࠿ࡢ㢮ᆺ࡟ศ໬ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋẸ୺ඪᨻᶒࡢᮎᮇࡢࡇࢁ࡟
ฟ࡚ࡁࡓヰ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ◊✲኱Ꮫ࡜ᩍ⫱኱Ꮫࢆศࡅ࡚⪃࠼ࡿ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜࠿ࠊୡ⏺ⓗ࡞኱Ꮫ࡜඲ᅜⓗ࡞኱Ꮫࠊ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ࡞኱Ꮫࢆศࡅ࡚⪃࠼ࠊᨻ⟇ࡢᑐ㇟࡟ࡍ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜
࠸ࡗࡓᵓ᝿ࡀࠊᨻඪࡢഃ࠿ࡽฟ࡚ࡃࡿࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺≧ἣ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ୰࡛ࠊᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡣࠕ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢ෌ᐃ⩏ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆゝ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢ෌ᐃ⩏ࡣࠊඛ࡯࡝ࡩࢀࡓ㣴ᡂࡍࡿேᮦീࡢ᫂☜໬࡜㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᛂࡌࡓ࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩ࣏ࣙࣥࣜࢩ࣮ࢆ࡜࠸࠺୺ᙇ
ࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㸱ࡘࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ὶࢀࡢ୰࡟ࠊධヨᨵ㠉ࡢၥ㢟ࡣ஌ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸

－67－࠿࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶ୍␒㔜せ࡞ࠊ୺せ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡣࠊࡸࡣࡾࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ
ࣝ໬࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
௒ᅇࡢධヨᨵ㠉ࡢฟⓎⅬࡣࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ໬࡟࠶ࡿ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚࠸࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ㐍Ꮫ⋡ࡣ80ᖺ௦ࠊ90ᖺ௦ࡣ35㹼36㸣ࡔࡗࡓࡢࡀࠊ90ᖺ௦ᚋ༙࠿ࡽᛴ⃭࡟ୖ᪼ࡋጞࡵࠊ49㸣ࠊ57㸣࡜ࠊ10ᖺࡈ࡜࡟10㸣௨ୖቑ࠼࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࣘࢽࣂ࣮
ࢧࣝ໬ࡍࢀࡤࠊධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢ᪉ἲࡶኚ໬ࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡀࡇࡢ㛫࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡣධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ᪉ἲࡢከᵝ໬࣭⮬⏤໬ᨻ⟇࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢ
⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㸰ࡘࡢ⾲ࢆᥖࡆ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ୍⯡ධヨ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿධᏛヨ㦂࡟ࡼࡿ㑅ᢤࡢ࡯࠿࡟ࠊ᥎⸀ධヨࡸ㸿㹍ධヨ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿᯟࡀタࡅࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࠊ
≉࡟⚾❧኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣࠊ᥎⸀࡜㸿㹍ࢆྜࢃࡏࡿ࡜50㸣㏆ࡃ࡟࡞ࡿࠊ࡜࠸࠺ኚ໬ࡀ㉳ࡇࡾࠊࡑࢀࡀྠ᫬࡟Ꮫຊపୗࡢၥ㢟ࢆᥦ㉳ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢ⾲ࡣࠊ࣋ࢿࢵࢭࡀ⾜ࡗࡓㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ⾲ࢆぢࡲࡍ࡜ࠊᏛ
ຊࡢࢫࢥ࢔ࡣࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡛ධࡗࡓᏛ⏕ࡀ୍␒㧗࠸ࠋࡑࡋ୍࡚⯡ධヨࠊ᥎⸀ධヨࠊ㸿㹍ධヨࡢ㡰࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㸿㹍ධヨࡣ≉࡟పࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࠊࢭ
ࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡟ࡼࡿධᏛ⪅ࡢࢫࢥ࢔࡜ẚ࡭ࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ኱య10࣏࢖ࣥࢺప࠸ᩘᏐ࡟࡞
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓኚ໬ࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ

࣭ᨵ㠉ࡢ୺せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ໬   ࣭㧗➼ᩍ⫱㐍Ꮫ⋡ࡢᛴୖ᪼    㸶㸮ᖺ 㸱㸵㸣  㸷㸮ᖺ 㸱㸴㸣  㸮㸮ᖺ 㸲㸷㸣  㸯㸮ᖺ 㸳㸵㸣㑅ᢤ᪉ἲูࡢධᏛ⪅ᩘ㸦㸣ࠊᩥ㒊┬ࠊ㸰㸮㸯㸰㸧           ᅜ❧  බ❧  ⚾❧  㸦㸣㸧    ୍⯡ධヨ   㸶㸲  㸵㸱  㸲㸷    ᥎⸀ධヨ   㸯㸰  㸰㸲  㸲㸮    A.Oධヨ  㸱   㸰  㸯㸮    㑅ᢤ᪉ἲูࡢᇶ♏Ꮫຊ㸦ࢫࢥ࢔ࠊ࣋ࢿࢵࢭࠊ㸰㸮㸯㸯ᖺ㸧            ୍⯡  ࢭࣥࢱ࣮  ᥎⸀   AO   ඲య    ᇶ♏Ꮫຊ⥈ྜ  㸳㸳   㸳㸵   㸲㸵   㸲㸱   㸳㸯     ⱥㄒ㐠⏝ຊ   㸳㸳   㸳㸴   㸲㸵   㸲㸱   㸳㸯    ᪥ᮏㄒ⌮ゎຊ  㸳㸱   㸳㸳   㸲㸷   㸲㸴   㸳㸯    ุ᩿᥎⌮ຊ   㸳㸰   㸳㸲   㸲㸶   㸲㸴   㸳㸮࣭ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂㸼୍⯡ධヨ㸼᥎⸀ධヨ㸼AOධヨࡢ㡰ࠋ

－68－ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࡋࡤࡽࡃ๓࠿ࡽฟጞࡵࡓࡢࡀࠊࠕ㧗኱᥋⥆ࢸࢫࢺࠖࡢᑟධㄽ࡛ࡍࠋ
㸿㹍࣭᥎⸀ධヨࡀቑ࠼ࢀࡤቑ࠼ࡿ࡯࡝ࠊ㧗ᰯ࡛ࡢᏛ⩦ࡢ฿㐩ᗘࡀၥ㢟࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࠋㄪᰝ᭩࡟ࡣ㸳ẁ㝵ホ౯࡛ᡂ⦼ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᏛຊࡢุᐃ
ᇶ‽࡜ࡋ࡚࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ព࿡ࡀ࡞࠸ࠋጇᙜᛶࡀ࡞࠸ࠋ㧗ᰯᩍ⫱ࡢ㐩ᡂᗘࢆ▱ࡿ࡟ࡣᐈほⓗ࡞ᇶ‽ࡀᚲせࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢸࢫࢺࡢᑟධࡀⓏሙࡋ࡚ࡃࡿࡼ࠺
࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚௒ࠊࢸࢫࢺࡢ㸰ẁ㝵໬ࡀゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ௒ᗘ
ࡢᥦゝࡢ㸰ࡘࡢࢸࢫࢺࡣࠊ㐩ᡂᗘࢸࢫࢺ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊධᏛヨ㦂ࡢ୍㒊࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜
࠸࠺ࡢࡀ㔜せ࡞࣏࢖ࣥࢺ࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ໬ࡀࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊ࡝࠺ゝࡗࡓࡽ࠸࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠊᏛຊ㍍
ど࡟࡞ࡾ㐣ࡂࡓࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡍࡿ཯ື࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠊᏛຊ㔜ど࡬ࡢᅇᖐ⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘ
ࡲࡾࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ໬ࡋࡓ኱Ꮫ࡛Ꮫຊ㍍どࡢ㑅ᢤࡀ୍⯡໬ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟
ᑐࡍࡿ཯┬࡜ᢈุࡀࠊ௒ᅇࡢヰࡢฟⓎⅬ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛
ࡍࠋ ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࠊࡑࢀ࡜ࡣู࡟ࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ᑐᛂ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕ୎ᑀ࡞㑅ᢤࠖ࡜࠸࠺
ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࡞ࡐ௒ࠊᨵࡵ࡚ከ㠃ⓗࠊ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ุᐃࠊ୎ᑀ࡞㑅ᢤ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠋ
㸿㹍ධヨࡸ᥎⸀ධヨࡀࠊ⚾❧኱Ꮫࡢሙྜ࡟ࠊ᪤࡟ධᏛ⪅ࡢ㸳๭ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࢃ
ࡅ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊࠕ୎ᑀ࡞㑅ᢤࠖࡣࡍ࡛࡟㠀ᖖ࡟ᬑཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࡟
ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊࡑࡢ୎ᑀ࡞㑅ᢤࡀࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࡣᐇ⌧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ௒ᅇࡢᥦゝࢆㄞࡴ࡜ࠊࠕ୎ᑀ࡞ධヨࠖㄽ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀࠊᏛຊࡢ㍍どㄽ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ㔜どㄽ࡜㛵ಀࡋ࡚ฟ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ឤࡌࡀᙉࡃࡋࡲࡍࠋ୍⯡ධヨ࡬ࡢᢈุࡀࠊ௒ᅇࡢ୎ᑀ࡞㑅ᢤㄽ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࡓࡋ࠿࡛ࠊヨ㦂㔜どࡢ㸯Ⅼ้ࡳࡢᏛຊ㔜どࡢ㑅ᢤࡣࠊᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡓࡔࠊ
௒ᅇࡢࠕ୎ᑀ࡞㑅ᢤࠖㄽࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࠊ୍⯡ࡢ኱Ꮫࡢ㸿㹍ධヨ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᮾி኱
ࡸி㒔኱ࠊ᪩✄⏣ࡶࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ◊✲኱Ꮫࠊ࢚࣮ࣜࢺ኱Ꮫࡀධ
Ꮫ⪅㑅ᢤࡢၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᨵ㠉ࢆ⾜࠾࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡀㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋ
ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ໬ࡋࡓ኱Ꮫࡢ㸿㹍ධヨ࡜ࡣࠊ㐪ࡗࡓព࿡ྜ࠸ࡢᥦゝ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ໬ᑐᛂ࡜ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ᑐᛂ࡜࠸࠺㸰ࡘࡢ␗࡞ࡿ᪉
ྥࢆᣢࡗࡓᥦゝࡢ⫼ᚋ࡟࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ࡟ࡶࠊ኱Ꮫࡢ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥ
ࡢ㐪࠸࡟ᛂࡌࡓ࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩ࣏ࣙࣥࣜࢩ࣮ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡋ࠿ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠊඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺࡢά⏝ࡢ௙᪉ࡶࡑࢀ࡜㛵ಀࡍࡿࡶࡢࡔ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡀㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡲࡍࠋ ࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝẁ㝵ᑐᛂࡢධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤไᗘࢆ࡝
࠺ࡍࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡶ࠺୍ࡘ஦๓࡟࠾ヰࡋࡋ࡚࠾࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡣࠊධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢᇶ♏࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᏛຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢぢ᪉ࠊᏛຊほࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡍࠋ኱－69－ᏛࡢධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚Ꮫຊࡀ㔜どࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣᙜ↛ࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ࡝ࡇࡢᅜ࡛
ࡶᏛຊࡀ㑅ᢤࡢ୺せ࡞ࠊከࡃࡢሙྜࠊ၏୍ࡢᇶ‽࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏࡢ⊂⮬ᛶࡣࠊࡑࡢᏛຊホ౯ࡢ᭱㔜せࡢ᪉ἲࡀࠊྛ኱Ꮫࡀᐇ᪋ࡍࡿᩍ⛉ูࡢධᏛヨ㦂࡟࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡟࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡀ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋᢈุࡢᑐ㇟࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜
࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊ୍యࠕᏛຊࠖ࡜ࡣఱ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠋᏛຊ࡜ࡣఱ࠿ࢆᐃ⩏ࡍࡿຊࡣ⚾࡟ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ၥ㢟࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡣࠊ㸯ࡘࡣࠊධᏛヨ㦂࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ࠿ࡽࢀࡿᏛຊ࡛ࡍࠋ୍Ⓨ຾㈇࡜ࡋࡤࡋࡤゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠕ୍᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡢᏛຊࠖࠊᩍ⛉ู࡛ࡢ⌧᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡢᏛຊ࡛ࡍࠋ
㸰ࡘ┠ࡣࠊ㧗ᰯࡢᏛᴗᡂ⦼࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࡋࡤࡋࡤࠕ⣼✚ࡉࢀࡓᏛຊࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝ࠸᪉ࢆࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ㧗ᰯᅾᏛ୰ࡢ㹅㹎㸿࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠿ㄪᰝ᭩ࡢᡂ⦼࡜࠸࠺ࡇ
࡜࡟࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ㐣ཤࡢᏛຊ࡜ࡶ࠸ࢃࢀࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࠊ࡝࠺࠸࠺
ゝ࠸᪉ࡀ࠸࠸ࡢ࠿ࢃ࠿ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ₯ᅾⓗ࡞Ꮫຊࠊ▱ⓗ࡞⬟ຊ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡀ
ࡑࢀ࡜ࡣู࡟࠶ࡿࠋ㹇㹏࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᚋ࡛ヰࡀฟ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࠕ㐍Ꮫ㐺ᛶ᳨ᰝ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࡜࠿ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ㹑㸿㹒࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡀࡑࢀ࡟ᙜࡓࡿ࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲ
ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣ࣏ࢸࣥࢩࣕࣝ࡞ࠊᑗ᮶Ⓨ᥹ࡉࢀࡿ࡞ࡿᏛຊࢆ࠶ࡽࢃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ
⌧ᅾࠊ㐣ཤࠊᑗ᮶ࡢ㸱ࡘࡢᏛຊࢆ⤫ྜⓗ࡟ホ౯ࡍࡿࡢࡀᏛຊุᐃࡢ᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚
ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡀࠊ᪥ᮏࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣ᰿ᙉࡃ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᏛຊၥ㢟ࡀ῝้࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠿ࡽࠊᏛຊ࡜ࡣఱ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡣࡲࡍࡲࡍከᵝ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋከᵝ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ
᭕᫕ࡉࢆቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᏛຊࢆ࡝࠺࠸࠺᪉ἲ࡛ࡣ࠿ࡿࡢ࠿
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊከᵝ࡞㆟ㄽࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ᐃࡢ᪉ἲࡶከᵝ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊᏛຊ࡜ࡑࡢ ᐃ᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸୍࡚⮴ࡋࡓ㆟ㄽࡣࠊ௒ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ୰୍࡛㈏ࡋ࡚ࠊಶู኱Ꮫ࡟ࡼࡿᏛຊホ౯ࡀᢈุࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⌧ᐇࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᏛຊホ౯ࡢࡓࡵࡢඹ㏻ヨ㦂ࠊࢸࢫࢺࢆᑟධࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡜࠸
࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡀ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋฟࡉࢀࠊࡲࡓᏛຊࡢ⥲ྜⓗホ౯ࢆ࡜࠸࠺ኌࡀ㧗ࡲࡿࠋࡉࡽ
࡟Ꮫຊ௨እࡢ㑅ᢤᡭẁࡶᑟධࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣ⥲ྜⓗホ౯ࡢᚲせᛶ࡜࠸࠺ヰ࡟࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ୍㐃ࡢ㆟ㄽࡢ୰࡛ᖖ࡟ᘬࡁྜ࠸࡟ฟࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ⚾❧኱ᏛࡢධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡍࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᕞ❧኱Ꮫࡀࠊ㧗ᰯ᫬௦ࡢᏛᴗᡂ⦼࡟ࡏ
ࡼࠊ㹑㸿㹒ࡢࢫࢥ࢔࡟ࡏࡼࠊᏛຊ㔜どࡢ㑅ᢤࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ⚾❧኱Ꮫࡣከᵝ࡞㑅ᢤᡭẁࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ධᏛ⪅ࢆ㑅ᢤࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊࡈᢎ▱ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࢃࡀᅜ࡛ࡶࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ᑐᛂࡢ࢚࣮ࣜࢺ኱Ꮫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࠕே≀ᮏ఩ࠖ࡜࠿ࠕே≀ホ౯ࠖ࡟ࡼࡿ㑅ᢤ࡬࡜㌿᥮ࡀᅗࡽࢀࡣࡌࡵࡓ࡜࠸࠺᪂⪺ሗ㐨ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ
Ꮫຊ௨እࡢせ⣲ࢆྵࡵࡓ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ุ᩿ࢆࡍ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡀ᰿ᙉࡃ࠶ࡿࡇ
࡜ࡣ☜࠿࡛ࡍࠋ

－70－ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᏛຊࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࡶࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞㆟ㄽࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ
㆟ㄽࡣࡦ࡜ࡲࡎ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࢃࡀᅜࡢධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤไᗘࡀࠊᡓᚋ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ኚ㑄ࢆࡓ࡝ࡗ࡚⌧ᅾ࡟⮳ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࢀࢆࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ㊧௜ࡅ࡚ࠊ㆟ㄽࡢᮦᩱ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸
ࡓࡔࡇ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠕᡓᚋධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤไᗘࡢኚ㑄ؐᨻ⟇࡜ᨵ㠉ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࢱ࢖ࢺࣝ࡟ࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡋ
ࡓࡀࠊᡓ๓ࡢၥ㢟ࡣู࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊᡓᚋࠊࡲࡎ1947ᖺ࡟ࠊᐇࡣ୍⯡▱⬟᳨ᰝࡔࡅ࡛
ධᏛ⪅ࡢ㑅ᢤࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᩋᡓᚋࡢΰ஘ࡋࡓ≧ែࡢ୰࡛ࠊᩍ⛉ูࡢධᏛヨ㦂ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣᅔ㞴࡛ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ▱⬟᳨ᰝ࡛ධᏛ⪅ࢆ㑅ᢤࡍࡿࠋᅜ❧ࡔࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺㑅ᢤ᪉ἲࢆ࡜ࡗࡓ᫬ᮇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
 1948ᖺ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊぬ࠼࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿ᪉ࡣࡶ࠺࠶ࡲࡾ࠸࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࠕ㐍Ꮫ㐺ᛶ᳨ᰝࠖࡢ᫬௦ࡀጞࡲࡾࡲࡍࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ㹑㸿㹒ࡀࣔࢹࣝ࡜࠸࠺ぢ᪉ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢ㐍㐺࡜ㄪᰝ᭩ࠊධᏛヨ㦂ࡢ㸱⪅࡟ࡼࡿ⥲ྜุᐃ࡜࠸࠺⌮᝿ࡀᥖࡆࡽࢀࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࡣࡇࡢ㐍Ꮫ㐺ᛶ᳨ᰝࡣࠊཷ㦂⪅ࡢᩘࢆ⤠ࡿࡓࡵࡢ➨୍ḟ㑅ᢤࡢ㈨ᩱ࡟౑ࢃࢀࡿሙྜࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡛ࡋ
ࡓࠋᅜ❧኱Ꮫࡢᚿ㢪⪅ࡣ඲ဨࡇࢀࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࠊබ⚾❧኱Ꮫࡣ⮬⏤࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡼࡾࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ᭱ᚋࡢ1954ᖺ࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡓ࡜ࡁ
ཷ㦂⪅ࡀ34୓ே࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᙜ᫬ࡣᾉேࡀࡓࡃࡉࢇ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡢ
࡛ࠊ๭ࡾᘬ࠸࡚⪃࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ࠿࡞ࡾࡢཷ㦂⪅ࡀ࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ஦ᐇ࡛ࡲࡍࠋ 㐍㐺ࡢ᫬௦ࡀ⤊ࢃࡗ࡚࠿ࡽࡣࠊ௒ᗘࡣධᏛヨ㦂ࡔࡅ࡟ࡼࡿ㑅ᢤࡢ᫬௦ࡀጞࡲ
ࡾࠊ㛗ࡃ⥆ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᩥ㒊┬ࡣධᏛヨ㦂ࡔࡅ࡟౫Ꮡࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࠊ᫝࡜ࡋ
࡚࠸ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ1954ᖺ࡟୰ᩍᑂࡀࠕ኱ᏛධᏛ⪅㑅⪃ཬࡧࡇࢀ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ஦㡯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ࡜࠸࠺⟅⏦ࢆฟࡋࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ㧗ᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⣼ຍグ㘓ࢆ࠶ࡽࢃࡍㄪᰝ᭩ࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࠊᅜࡀᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ୍ᩧᏛຊ᳨ᰝࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠊ㐍㐺
࡟࠿ࢃࡿ㈨㉁⪃ᰝ᪉ἲࡶ⪃࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠊ࡜࠸࠺ᥦゝࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢࡲ
ࡲᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࡀࠊ㸱ࡘࡢࢱ࢖ࣉࡢᏛຊホ౯࡛⥲ྜⓗ࡟ุ᩿ࡍ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡀࠊ᪩࠸᫬ᮇ࡟ࡍ࡛࡟ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
 1963ᖺ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊඛ࡯࡝ࡶࡩࢀࡓࠕ⬟◊ࢸࢫࢺࠖࡀᑟධࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ⫼ᬒ࡟࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊ1963ᖺࡢ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࠕ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࡢᨵၿ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛ࠖࡍࠋࡑࡢ୰
࡛ࠊㄪᰝ᭩ࠊ㐍㐺࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㠃᥋ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚㑅ᢤࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ⌧≧࡛ࡣᅔ㞴ࡔࡀࠊ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚㸯ᅇࡢᏛຊ➹⟅ヨ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡼࡿྜྰุᐃࡣᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸ࠊᏛ⩦฿㐩ᗘ࡜㐍Ꮫ㐺ᛶ᳨ᰝࢆά⏝ࡍࡿไᗘࡢᑟධࡀᚲせࡔࠊ࡜ࡢ࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀ
ࡣ1954ᖺࡢ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦࡟ࡍ࡛࡟ฟ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼᪉࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚
᪂ࢸࢫࢺࢆ㛤Ⓨࠊᐇ᪋ࡋࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺ືࡁࡀฟ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ 㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡿ࡟ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸㐺᱁⪅ࡢ㑅ᢤ࡟ᙜࡓࡾࠊ㐍Ꮫᕼᮃ⪅ࡢᏛຊࠊ－71－

㈨㉁࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㧗ᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⩦฿㐩ᗘ࡜ࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱࡬ࡢ㐍Ꮫ㐺ᛶࡢุᐃࡀᇶ
ᮏⓗ࡞᮲௳࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢಙ㢗ᛶࡢ㧗࠸⤖ᯝࢆᚓࡿ᪉ἲࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ
࠶ࡿࠋඹ㏻ⓗࠊᐈほⓗ࡞ࢸࢫࢺࢆ㐺ษ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢ◊✲ࠊసᡂࠊᐇ᪋
ࡢࡓࡵᶵ㛵ࢆタ⨨ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ྠࡌᖺ࡟ࠊ⬟ຊ㛤Ⓨ◊✲ᡤࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ1954ᖺࡢ⟅⏦ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊᩥ㒊┬ࡣ᪩ࡃ࠿ࡽ᳨ウࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࠊ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࡀฟࡓᖺ࡟ࡣࡶ࠺⬟ຊ㛤Ⓨ◊✲ᡤࡀⓎ㊊ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟
࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࡇ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓࢸࢫࢺࡀࠕ⬟◊ࢸࢫࢺࠖ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊࠕᏛຊࢸࢫࢺࠖ
࡜ࠕ㐍㐺ࠖࢸࢫࢺࡢ㸰ࡘ࡟ศ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋཷ㦂ࡍࡿࡢࡣ㧗ᰯ⏕࡛ࡍࡀࠊཷ
㦂ࡣ⮬⏤ࠊ኱Ꮫഃࡀࡑࢀࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿ࠿ࡋ࡞࠸࠿ࡶ⮬⏤࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡋࡓࠋᙉ࠸
཯ᑐࢆᢲࡋษࡗ࡚ࡢไᗘᑟධ࡛ࡋࡓࡀࠊ኱Ꮫࡀ฼⏝࡟ᴟࡵ࡚ᾘᴟⓗ࡛฼⏝⪅ࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࠸࡞࠸ࠋཷ㦂⪅ࡶᑡ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ▷࠸ᮇ㛫࡛᣸ᢡࡋࠊ㸴ᖺᚋࡢ
1969ᖺ࡟ࡣᗫṆࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡘࡅຍ࠼࡚࠾ࡅࡤࠊ1966ᖺ࡟᥎⸀ධᏛࡢไᗘࡀጞࡲࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ㠃᥋ࡶࠊ1955ᖺ࠿ࡽྜྰุᐃࡢࡓࡵ࡟౑࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᑡࡋࡎࡘࡑࡢᚋ
ࡢᨵ㠉࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᨵ㠉ࡀࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡛ࡋ
ࡻ࠺ࠋ
 1971ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊ᭷ྡ࡞ࠕᅄභ⟅⏦ࠖ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࡀฟࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ
⟅⏦ࡢ୰ᚰࡣ኱Ꮫᨵ㠉࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ኱Ꮫධヨࡢᨵ㠉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᥦゝࡀࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⟅⏦ࢆㄞࡳࡲࡍ࡜ࠊࠕ㧗ᰯࡢᏛ⩦ᡂᯝࢆබṇ࡟⾲♧ࡍࡿㄪᰝ᭩ࢆࠊ㑅ᢤࡢᇶ♏㈨ᩱ࡟ࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠺ࡓࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࢆ୰᰾࡟ࠊ㧗ᰯ㛫ࡢホ౯Ỉ‽ࡢ᱁ᕪ᫝ṇࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᗈᇦⓗ࡞ඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࠊ฼⏝ࡍࡿࠋ኱Ꮫࡣࠊᚲせ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚㐍Ꮫࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿᑓ㛛ศ㔝࡛≉࡟㔜どࡉࢀࡿ≉ᐃࡢ⬟ຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࢸࢫࢺࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡲࡓࡣㄽᩥࢸࢫࢺࡸ㠃᥋ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽ
ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ุᐃࡢ㈨ᩱ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࠕㄪᰝ᭩୰ᚰ୺⩏ࠖࡀᡴࡕฟࡉࢀࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋㄪᰝ᭩ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊᏛຊࡢホ౯Ỉ‽࡟ࡤࡽࡘࡁࡀฟ
ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊᗈᇦⓗ࡞ඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ヰࡢ㐠ࡧ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࡑࡢඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺࡣࠊಶேࡢᏛຊࡢ฿㐩ᗘࢆᘚูࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡿ࡟ᚲせ࡞ᇶ♏ⓗ࡞⬟ຊࠊ㐺ᛶࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ኱Ꮫ࡜㧗ᰯࡀ⮬୺ⓗ࡟༠ຊࡋ࡚㛤Ⓨ࣭ᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺ᥦゝ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢᥦ
ゝࢆཷࡅࡿᙧ࡛ලయ໬ࡀ㐍ࢇࡔࡢࡀࠊᅜ❧኱Ꮫࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿඹ㏻➨୍ḟᏛຊヨ㦂ࡢᑟධ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࡈᢎ▱ࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ
 ࡑࡇ࡟᫬⣔ิⓗ࡟୪࡭࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡇࡢඹ㏻➨୍ḟᏛຊヨ㦂ࡢไᗘࡣࠊ
࡯ࡰ㸷ᖺ࡜࠸࠺᫬㛫ࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚ฟⓎࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢࡓࡵࡢᏛຊヨ㦂ࡢ୍㒊ࢆᅜ❧኱Ꮫࡀඹྠ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࠊ㸳ᩍ⛉ࡢᐈほࢸࢫࢺ࡜ࡍࡿࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶ

－72－ࡇࢀࡣ➨୍ḟᏛຊヨ㦂࡛ࠊྛ኱Ꮫࡣ➨஧ḟࡢᏛຊヨ㦂ࠊᩍ⛉ูࡢヨ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆ⥲ྜⓗ࡟ุ᩿ࡋ࡚㑅ᢤࢆࡍࡿࠊ୧⪅ࡢ๭ྜࢆ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘ࡟ぢࡿ࠿ࡣྛ኱Ꮫ
ࡢ⮬⏤࡜ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ㸳ᩍ⛉㸵⛉┠ࢆධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢᇶᮏ㈨ᩱࠊ➨୍ḟ㑅ᢤࡢ㈨ᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚౑࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀỴᐃࡋࠊඹ㏻୍ḟヨ㦂ไᗘࡀጞࡲࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ጞࡲࡗ࡚࠿ࡽఱᖺ࠿ࡓࡕࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁၥ㢟ࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊᗄࡘ࠿ࡢᨵ㠉ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ1987ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊ㸳ᩍ⛉㸵⛉┠ࢆ➨୍ḟ㑅ᢤࡢ㈨ᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚౑ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ
ࡀࠊཷ㦂⏕ࡢ㈇ᢸ㐣㔜ࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ࠊ㸳ᩍ⛉㸳⛉┠࡟ῶࡽࡋ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸ࡇ࡜࡟࡞
ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ୍㒊ࡢ⛉┠ࡔࡅࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸࡜࠸࠺࢔ࣛ࢝ࣝࢺ฼⏝ࡶྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ஧ḟヨ㦂࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊཷ㦂ᶵ఍ࢆ」ᩘ໬ࡍ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜࠸࠺ヰࡀฟ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊᅜ❧኱Ꮫࢆ㸿࣭㹀ࡢ㸰ࡘࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟ศࡅࠊ㐪࠺ᮇ᪥࡟ヨ㦂ࢆࡍࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࢀ࡛ධᏛ⪅ࡢ኱Ꮫ㑅ᢥ࡟኱ࡁ࡞೫ࡾࢆ⏕ࡌࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ࠊࡸࡴࢆᚓ
ࡎ㸰ᖺᚋ࡟ࡣࠊ௒ᗘࡣྛᅜ❧኱ᏛࡀධᏛᐃဨ࡜ධヨ᫬ᮇࢆ๓ᮇࠊᚋᮇࡢ㸰ࡘ࡟ศࡅࠊᚋᮇヨ㦂࡛ࡣᏛຊヨ㦂ࡼࡾࡶ୎ᑀ࡞㑅ᢤࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᨵ㠉ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ
 87ᖺ࠿ࡽ89ᖺ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᅜ❧኱ᏛࡢධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢᨵ㠉ࡢ⫼ᚋ࡟࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊ85ᖺ࡟ฟࡉࢀࡓ⮫ᩍᑂࡢ➨㸯ḟ⟅⏦࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ⟅⏦ࡢෆᐜࡣࠊ
࢟ࣕࢵࢳࢥࣆ࣮ⓗ࡟ゝ࠼ࡤࠕಶᛶ໬ࠊ⮬⏤໬ࠊከᵝ໬ࡢࡍࡍࡵࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟
࡞ࢁ࠺࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
Ꮫຊヨ㦂ࡢⅬᩘࢆ㔜どࡋࠊࡑࡢᐈほᛶ࡜බᖹᛶ࡟౫Ꮡࡍࡿഴྥࡀᙉ࠸ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ᪉ἲࡢᨵၿࢆᅗࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ㐍Ꮫᕼᮃ⪅ࢆከ㠃ⓗ࡟ホ౯ࡋࠊ㑅ᢤࡢ᪉ἲࡸᇶ
‽ࡢከᵝ໬ࠊከඖ໬ࢆᅗࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡣࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡟ྛ኱Ꮫࡀࡵࡊࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᩍ⫱◊✲ࡢỈ‽࡟ἢࡗ࡚⮬୺ⓗ࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⮬୺ᛶࡀᑛ㔜ࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ㧗ᰯ௨ୗࡢᩍ⫱ࡢṇᖖ໬࡞࡝ࠊ㑅ᢤࡢබඹᛶ࡟
ࡶ㓄៖ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ๓ᥦࡢࡶ࡜࡟ࠊ୺せ࡞ᥦゝ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡢࡣࠊᅜබ⚾❧ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ྛ኱Ꮫࡀ⮬⏤࡟฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺࡢไᗘࢆࡘࡃࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠊ฼⏝ࡢዴఱࠊ฼⏝ࡢ᪉ἲࠊᩍ⛉࣭⛉┠ᩘࡣ⮬⏤࡟ࡍࡿࠊ㸯⛉┠ࡢ฼⏝ࡶྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࠊ」ᩘᅇᐇ᪋ࡶ᳨ウࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸࡞࡝ࡢⅬ࡛ࡍࠋ ௚࡟ࡶࠊ࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥ࢜ࣇ࢕ࢫࡢタ⨨ࠊᙉ໬ࢆᅗࡿ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜࠸࠺ᥦゝࡸࠊᅜ❧኱Ꮫࡢཷ㦂ᶵ఍ࡢ」ᩘ໬ࢆ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊᅜ❧኱Ꮫࡢඹ㏻୍ḟヨ㦂ࡀᨵ㠉ࡉࢀࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊඛ࡯࡝⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡇࡢ⮫ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࡢඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㒊ศࡀࠊ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ලయ໬ࡉࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋඹ㏻୍ḟヨ㦂ࡢ⤒㦂࡜⵳✚ࢆᘬࡁ⥅࠸ࡔࡇࡢࢸࢫ
ࢺࡣࠊ▷ᮇ㛫࡛ᑟධࡀᅗࡽࢀࠊ1990ᖺ࡟ࡣ➨㸯ᅇࡢ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥ࢜ࣇ࢕ࢫࡢᥦゝ࡜ࡢ⤡ࡳ࡛ࠊ1989ᖺ࡟ࡣ៞᠕⩏ሿ኱Ꮫࡀ㸿㹍ධヨࢆᑟධࡋࡲࡍࠋࡸࡀ࡚ᅜ❧኱Ꮫࡶᑟධࡍࡿࠊ⚾❧኱Ꮫ࡟ࡶᗈࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ኚ໬ࡀ㉳ࡇࡾࠊከᵝ໬ࡀ㐍ࡴࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

－73－ ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡣࠊ฼⏝ࡢᑐ㇟ࢆᅜබ❧኱Ꮫ௨እ࡟ࠊ⚾❧኱Ꮫࡸ▷኱࡟ࡶᣑ኱ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࡀࠊྠ᫬࡟ࠊධᏛヨ㦂ࡢ୍㒊࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࡸࡵࠊ㧗ᰯ࡛ࡢᏛ⩦฿㐩ᗘホ౯ࡢᛶ᱁ࢆᣢࡓࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࠕ኱Ꮫ࡟ධᏛࢆᚿ
㢪ࡍࡿ⪅ࡢ㧗➼Ꮫᰯẁ㝵࡟࠾ࡅࡿᇶ♏ⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ࡢ㐩ᡂࡢ⛬ᗘࢆุᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ
୺ࡓࡿ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊධヨ࡟ࡶά⏝ࡉࢀࡲࡍࡀࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡣ㧗ᰯࡢᏛ⩦฿㐩ᗘࢆ ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᛶ᱁ࡶᣢࡘࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢࢸࢫࢺࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿ኱Ꮫࡢᩘࡣࠊᚎࠎ࡟ቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋ࢔ࣛ࢝ࣝࢺⓗ࡞฼⏝࡛ࡍࡀࠊ฼⏝ࡀ୍⯡໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡲࡓࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ධヨ࡟ࡼࡿධᏛ⪅ࡢᯟࢆタࡅࡿ⚾❧኱Ꮫࡶቑ࠼࡚ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ࠸ࡲ࡛ࡣ㧗ᰯ༞ᴗணᐃ⪅ࡢ࡯ࡰ༙ᩘ
ࡀཷࡅࡿࢸࢫࢺ࡬࡜ᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢ⮬⏤࡞฼⏝ࢆࡩࡃࡵ࡚ࠊධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸷㸮ᖺ௦࡟ධࡿ㡭࠿ࡽᛴ⃭࡟ከᵝ໬ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃࠊ≉࡟᥎⸀ධヨࠊ㸿㹍ධヨࡀᛴ㏿࡟ᬑཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ኚ໬ࡀ㉳ࡇࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡀฟⓎࡋ࡚࠿ࡽ10ᖺ࡯࡝ࡓࡗࡓ2000ᖺࠊࡇࡢ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣ኱Ꮫ
ᑂ㆟఍ࡀ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇ࡢᑂ㆟఍࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢ኱Ꮫᑂ࠿ࡽࠕ኱Ꮫධ
ヨࡢᨵၿ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ࡜࠸࠺⟅⏦ࡀฟࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ึࡵ࡚ࠊࠕ࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩ
࣏ࣙࣥࣜࢩ࣮ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀⓏሙࡋ࡚ࡃࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋྛ኱ᏛࡣධᏛ⪅ཷࡅධࢀ᪉㔪㸦࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩ࣏ࣙࣥࣜࢩ࣮㸧ࢆ᫂☜࡟ࡋࠊᑐእⓗ࡟᫂♧ࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊྛ኱Ꮫ
࡟ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸㑅ᢤࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊྛ኱ᏛࡀồࡵࡿᏛ⏕ࢆぢฟࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋྠ᫬࡟ࠊ⬟ຊࠊ㐺ᛶ➼ࡢከ㠃ⓗ࡞ุᐃࠊබᖹᛶࡢぢ┤ࡋؐ⤯ᑐⓗ࡞බᖹᛶ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊྜ⌮ⓗ࡟チᐜࡉࢀࡿ⠊ᅖࡢ୰࡛ࡢබᖹᛶ࡜࠸
࠺ࡶࡢࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊ࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩࣙ
ࣥ࢜ࣇ࢕ࢫࡢᩚഛࢆࡶࡗ࡜㐍ࡵࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠊ㸿㹍ධヨࡢ㐺ṇ࠿ࡘ෇⁥࡞᥎㐍ࢆᅗࡿ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢࠕ࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩ࣏ࣙࣥࣜࢩ࣮ࡢࡍࡍࡵࠖࡣࠊ኱Ꮫ㛫ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ
ࡢ኱Ꮫࡢෆ㒊࡛ࡶ⮬⏤໬ࠊከᵝ໬ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲࡗࡓධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࠊ࡝ࡇ࡟ࡑࡢ኱
Ꮫ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࣏ࣜࢩ࣮ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸≧ែ࡟ࠊ୍▼ࡀᢞࡌࡓࡶࡢࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸
ࡲࡍࠋ㸿㹍ධヨࡢ㐺ษ࠿ࡘ෇⁥࡞᥎㐍࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡶࠊ㐺ṇ࡛ࡶ෇⁥࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ᐇ᪋ࡀࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ㄆ㆑ࡀࠊᑂ㆟఍ࡢഃ࡟࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ㄞࡵࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡇࢁ
࠿ࡽࠊ᥎㐍ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ⮬⏤໬࣭ከᵝ໬ᨻ⟇࡬ࡢ཯┬࡜ᢈุࡀᙉࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࢃ
ࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ
 2008ᖺ࡟ࠊ௒ᗘࡣ୰ᩍᑂࡀࠕᏛኈㄢ⛬ᩍ⫱ࡢᵓ⠏࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࠖ࡜࠸࠺⟅⏦ࢆฟࡋࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣ኱ࡁ࡞⟅⏦࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࡶ࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩ࣏ࣙࣥࣜࢩ࣮ࡢၥ㢟࡟ゐࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋồࡵࡿᏛ⏕ീ➼ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ㧗ᰯẁ㝵࡛⩦ᚓࡋ࡚࠾ࡃ࡭ࡁෆᐜࠊ
Ỉ‽ࢆලయⓗ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ດࡵࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ᥎⸀ධヨࡸ㸿㹍ධヨ࡞࡝ࠊ࠸࠿

－74－࡞ࡿධヨ᪉ἲࢆ࡜ࡿሙྜ࡛ࡶᇶ♏Ꮫຊࡢᢕᥱࡀ㐺ษ࡟⾜ࢃࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸
࡜ࡢㄆ㆑࡟❧ࡗ࡚ࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᣦᶆࢆά⏝ࡋࠊᏛຊᢕᥱࡢᥐ⨨ࢆㅮࡎࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛
࠶ࡿࠋ㧗ᰯẁ㝵ࡢᏛຊࢆᐈほⓗ࡟ᢕᥱࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡢ㸯ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㧗ᰯ࡛ࡢᣦᑟᨵ
ၿࡸ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡢึᖺḟᩍ⫱ࠊ኱Ꮫධヨ࡞࡝࡟ࠊ㧗ᰯ࡜኱Ꮫࡀ௵ព࡟ά⏝࡛ࡁࡿᏛຊ᳨ᰝ㸦㧗኱᥋⥆ࢸࢫࢺ㸦௬⛠㸧㸧ࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆࠊ㧗ᰯࠊ኱Ꮫࡢ㛵ಀ⪅ࡀ༑ศ࡟༠
㆟ࡋࠊ◊✲࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ಁࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ᭩࠸࡚࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ᭱᪂
ࡢᥦゝ࡟࠶ࡿ฿㐩ᗘࢸࢫࢺࡢࠊᇶ♏࡜Ⓨᒎࡢ㸰ࡘࡢ㒊ศࢆ⤫ྜࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࢸࢫ
ࢺࠊࠕ᥋⥆ࢸࢫࢺࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥ࡛ࡑࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆồࡵࡿᥦゝࡀࠊࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛
ࡍࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡣࡌࡵ࡟⤂௓ࡋࡓ᭱᪂ࡢᩍ⫱෌⏕ᐇ⾜఍㆟ࡢᥦゝ࡟⮳ࡿࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡢ
ࡀධヨᨵ㠉ࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ὶࢀ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢไᗘ࡜ᨻ⟇ࡢὶࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊせ⣙ࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ
Ꮫຊࡢ⥲ྜⓗホ౯࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ㄪᰝ᭩ࠊධᏛヨ㦂ࠊ㐍Ꮫ㐺ᛶ᳨ᰝࠊࡇࡢ㸱ࡘ࡛Ꮫຊホ౯ࢆࡍ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡀࡲࡎ♧ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊᐇ⌧ࢆぢ࡞࠸࡛୰㏵
࡛ᨺᲠࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㐍Ꮫ㐺ᛶ᳨ᰝ⮬యࡀ୰Ṇ࡟㏣࠸㎸ࡲࢀࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ
ඛ࡯࡝࠾ヰࡋࡋࡓ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛ࠊධᏛヨ㦂౫ᏑࡢᏛຊホ౯ࡔࡅࡀࠊ⌧ᅾࡲ࡛ࠊᡓᚋ
୍㈏ࡋ࡚⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ Ꮫຊ࣭㐺ᛶࡢ཮᪉ࢆ ࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺⬟◊ࢸࢫࢺࡀᑟධࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡇࢀࡶᩘ
ᖺ࡛᣸ᢡࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ୍᫬ࡣㄪᰝ᭩୰ᚰ࡬ࡢ㌿᥮ࡣᡴࡕฟࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡇࢀࡶ
ᐇ⌧ࡣࡋࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ᥎⸀ධᏛࡣࡑࡢὶࢀࡢ୰࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏ
ࢇࡀࠊ㑅ᢤไᗘ඲యࢆື࠿ࡍࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊᅜබ❧኱ᏛධᏛヨ㦂ࡢ୍㒊ࡢඹ㏻໬ࡀᐇ⌧ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣᙧ
ࢆኚ࠼࡚ࠊ⌧ᅾࡶ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᏛຊࢸࢫࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࠊࡇࢀࡶ⌧ᅾࡲ࡛⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ᥎⸀࣭㸿㹍ධヨࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢ⮬⏤໬ࠊከᵝ໬ᨻ⟇ࡶ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡇࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᘢᐖࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚௒ࠊゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ㸯ࡘࡣ࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩ࣏ࣙࣥࣜࢩ࣮ࡢ᫂☜໬࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㸰ࡘ┠ࡣࠊ㧗ᰯࡢᏛ⩦฿㐩ᗘࢆ ࡿࢸࢫࢺࠊ㧗ᰯ⏕ࠊ㐍Ꮫᕼᮃ⪅཮᪉ࡢᏛຊࢆࡣ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡞฿㐩ᗘࢸࢫࢺࡢᚲせᛶ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ㸿㹍ධヨࡶゝⴥࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ୎ᑀ࡞ࠊ⥲ྜⓗ࡞㑅ᢤࡢ௙⤌ࡳࢆᐇ⌧ࡍ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ࠶ࡽࡓࡵ
࡚ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ไᗘᨵ㠉ࡢṔྐⓗ࡞ὶࢀࡣࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡀ୍㈏ࡋ࡚⪃࠼࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡣࠊከศḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ➨㸯࡟ࠊ኱ᏛධᏛヨ㦂ࡢሙྜࠊၥ㢟ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟ከ࠸࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡀ௒࡟⮳ࡿࡲ
࡛ඹ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊᨭᣢࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓᨭ㓄ⓗ࡞⪃࠼᪉࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋධᏛヨ㦂ࡣᩍ⛉ูࡢ

－75－

ヨ㦂࡛ࠊ▱㆑೫㔜ࠊワࡵ㎸ࡳᩍ⫱࡛ࠊᬯグᏛຊ㔜どࡢ୍᫬ⅬࡢᏛຊࢆ ࡿࡔࡅࠋ₯ᅾⓗ࡞ࠊ࣏ࢸࣥࢩࣕࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᏛຊࢆࡣ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ᢈุࡀࠊ᰿ᙉࡃ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㸰ࡘ┠ࡣࠊ㧗ᰯࡢᏛᴗᡂ⦼ࡣࠊᏛຊࡢᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚ಙ㢗ᛶ࡟Ḟࡅࡿࠋᩍ⛉ูࠊ⛉┠ู࡟⣽ศ໬ࡉࢀࡓ㸳ẁ㝵ࡢ⤯ᑐホ౯࡛ࡣࠊ㧗ᰯ㛫ࡢᕪࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋ᥎⸀ࡸAO
ධヨ࡛ᡂ⦼ࡢỈቑࡋࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ヰࡣࡈᢎ▱ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛ࠊᏛຊࡢホ౯ᇶ‽࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣᙜ࡚࡟࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛➨㸱࡟ࠊ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺࡀᚲせࡔ࡜࠸࠺ヰ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡑࡢඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺࡣࠊᅜබ❧኱Ꮫ࡜࠸࠺≉ᐃࡢ኱Ꮫࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡬ࡢ
㐍Ꮫᕼᮃ⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿࢸࢫࢺࡔࡗࡓࡢࡀࠊ኱Ꮫ඲యࡀ฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿࢸࢫࢺ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ
ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢホ౯ࡣู࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊධヨࢆ⿵᏶࣭௦᭰ࡍࡿ
ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺࡀᚲせࡔ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡣࠊ࡯ࡰᐃ╔ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡼ
࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ㐍Ꮫᕼᮃ⪅ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ㧗ᰯᅾᏛ⪅඲యࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࡋࡓࠊ
㧗ᰯᅾᏛ୰ࡢᏛᴗᡂ⦼ࢆ௦᭰ࡍࡿࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⿵᏶ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠊᏛຊࢸࢫࢺࡀᚲ
せࡔ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡶࠊ᭱㏆ࠊḟ➨࡟ຊࢆቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛ࡍࠋ 㸲␒┠࡟ࠊᏛຊ௨እࡢホ౯࣭㑅ᢤᡭẁࡢᑟධࡢᚲせᛶࠋࡇࢀࡶࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ఱ
ᗘࡶ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋゝࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ᥎⸀ධヨࡸ㸿㹍ධヨ࡞࡝࡛ࡣࠊᏛຊ࡜ࡣ␗࡞
ࡿ㑅ᢤᡭẁࡀᑟධࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊಶேࡢᒓᛶࡸᅾᏛ୰ࡢάືグ㘓࡞࡝ࢆຍ࿡ࡋࡓ㑅ᢤࡀࡶࡗ࡜ᗈࡆࡽࢀࡿ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡶ᰿ᙉࡃ࠶ࡿࠋ 㸳␒┠࡟ࠊࠕ୎ᑀ࡞㑅ᢤࠖࡢᚲせᛶࡶᙉㄪࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࢔ࢻ
࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥ࢜ࣇ࢕ࢫࢆタࡅ࡚ࠊධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢၥ㢟࡟ࡼࡾ┿๢࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠊከᵝ࡞Ꮫຊࡢ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ホ౯ࡶᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࡋࠊヨ㦂Ꮫຊ௨እࡢ▱ⓗ୍࣭⯡ⓗ࡞⬟ຊホ౯ࡶ⾜࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠊ㸿㹍ࡸ᥎⸀ධヨࡶࠊ୍ᒙࡢά⏝ࢆᅗࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ
࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࠊࡇࢀࡶ᰿ᙉࡃ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚᭱㏆᪂ࡋࡃฟ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡀࠊ኱Ꮫࡢ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥࠊ✀ูࡸᶵ⬟ศ໬࡟ᑐᛂ
ࡋࡓධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᥦゝࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ぢ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ὶࢀࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ᭱ᚋ࡟ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡣ࡝ࡇࡲ࡛ࠊ
࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᨵ㠉ྍ⬟࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡢࡈ㆟ㄽࡢᮦᩱ࡟࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊᗄࡘ࠿ㄽⅬࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸯ࡘࡣࠊධᏛヨ㦂౫Ꮡ࠿ࡽࡢ⬺༷ࡣᮏᙜ࡟ྍ⬟ࡔࢁ࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟࡛ࡍࠋ ධヨ࡟ࡼࡿ㑅ᢤࡣ㛗ࡃ᪥ᮏ⊂⮬ࡢࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᮾ࢔
ࢪ࢔ࡢㅖᅜࡶఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࠊᩍ⛉ูࡢධᏛヨ㦂࡟ࡼࡿ㑅ᢤࢆ⾜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㐪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ௨እࡢᅜ࡛ࡣࡑࢀࡀඹ㏻Ꮫຊヨ㦂࡜ࡋ࡚⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸
࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡍࠋಶู኱Ꮫ࡟ࡼࡿヨ㦂ࡢၥ㢟సᡂ࡜࠿ᐇ᪋࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟≉ᚩⓗ࡞㑅ᢤ᪉ᘧࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

－76－ ᡓᚋࡣ᏶඲࡟኱Ꮫࡈ࡜ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣᏛ㒊ࡈ࡜ࡢධᏛヨ㦂ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾ
ࡲࡋࡓࠋඹ㏻ࡢධᏛヨ㦂ࢆᑟධࡍࡿヨࡳࡣࠊᡓ๓ᮇࠋఱᗘ࠿⾜ࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ
㛗⥆ࡁࡋࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋᅜ❧኱Ꮫࡢඹ㏻୍ḟヨ㦂ࡣࠊᩥᏐ㏻ࡾࠕ➨୍ḟࠖヨ㦂࡛ࠊྛ኱ᏛࡢධᏛヨ㦂ࡣ஧ḟヨ㦂࡜ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢࡲࡲṧࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡟㌿᥮ࡋࡓᚋࡣࠊ඲኱Ꮫ࡛฼⏝ྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊධᏛヨ㦂ࡢ௦᭰฼⏝ⓗ࡞㒊ศࡣ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋධᏛヨ㦂౫Ꮡࡢ㑅ᢤࡣᴟࡵ࡚᪥ᮏⓗ࡞㑅ᢤ᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚
⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡔࡅ㛗ࡃ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ⿬㏉ࡏࡤࡑࢀࡀ᪥
ᮏࡢ♫఍ࡸᩥ໬࡟㠀ᖖ࡟῝ࡃ᰿ᕪࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡀᣢ⥆ᛶ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ぢࡿ࡭ࡁ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࡓࡔࠊࡑࡢධᏛヨ㦂࡟῝้࡞ၥ㢟ࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡢ㸯ࡘࡣࠊධᏛヨ㦂ࡢస㢟⬟ຊࡢపୗ࡛ࡍࠋᩍ㣴㒊୍࣭⯡ᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࡀᾘ⁛ࡋ࡚࠿ࡽࡉࡽ࡟ࡑ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᑠつᶍࡢ༢⛉኱Ꮫࡀᛴቑࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶
ࡗ࡚ࠊಶู኱Ꮫ࡛ධᏛヨ㦂ࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᅔ㞴࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋసᡂ⬟ຊࢆᣢࡗࡓᩍဨࡀ࠸࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋධヨၥ㢟ࢆࡘࡃࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡞኱Ꮫ࡜ࠊ࡛
ࡁ࡞࠸኱Ꮫࡀḟ➨࡟ศ໬ࡋጞࡵࡓ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ᭱㏆࡛ࡣࠊၥ㢟సᡂࡢእ㒊ጤクࡢᗈࡀࡾࡀྲྀࡾࡊࡓࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⾲㠃໬ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜ࡇࢁ
࡛ࠊ࠿࡞ࡾ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ㄝࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡀࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢά⏝ࡢືࡁ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᩍ⛉ูࡢᏛຊヨ㦂࡟ࡼࡿධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡀࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ໬ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ㝈⏺࡟㏆࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡇ
࡜ࡣ஦ᐇࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸰ࡘ┠࡛ࡍࠋධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࠕ⮬⏤໬ࠊಶᛶ໬ࠊከᵝ໬ࠖ࡜࠸࠺࢟ࣕ
ࢵࢳࢥࣆ࣮ࡢࡶ࡜࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ヨࡳࡀࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ⮬⏤໬ࡶ㐍
ࡳࠊከᵝ໬ࡶ㐍ࢇࡔࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊಶᛶ໬ࡀ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘ㐍ࢇࡔࡢ࠿ࠊ༑ศ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ホ౯ࡀ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊ⮬⏤໬ࠊከᵝ໬ࡢᘢᐖࡀቑ኱ࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋಶูࡢ኱Ꮫࡔࡅ࡛
࡞ࡃࠊᏛ㒊ࡸᏛ⛉ᑓᨷ༢఩࡛ࠊ␗࡞ࡿ᪉ἲ࡛ධᏛ⪅ࢆ㑅ᢤࡍࡿࠋ㑅ᢤ᪉ἲูࡢ
ධᏛᐃဨᯟࢆタࡅࡿࠋᐇ᪋᫬ᮇࡶ」ᩘ໬ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ㛵すࡢ࠶ࡿ⚾❧⥲ྜ኱Ꮫࡢሙྜࡢເ㞟༢఩ࢆᩘ࠼࡚ࡳࡓࡽࠊ⣙700࠶ࡿࠋ700ࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺ࡛ࠊከᵝ࡞㑅ᢤ᪉ἲࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ධᏛ⪅ࡢເ㞟ࢆࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠊ⾜ࡁ㐣ࡂࡓ⮬⏤໬ࠊከᵝ໬ࡢ⌧ᐇࡶ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢ᰿ᗏ࡟࠶ࡿࡢࡣࠊධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢ⤒Ⴀࡢᡭẁ໬࡛ࡍࠋከᵝ໬ࡀࠊධᏛ⪅ࡢ☜ಖ࡜ཷ㦂ᩱ཰ධቑຍࡢᡭẁ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋே
ཱྀῶᑡ࡜㐍Ꮫ⪅ᩘࡢ㢌ᡴࡕ࡛Ꮫ⏕ࡢ⋓ᚓ➇தࡀཝࡋࡃ࡞ࡿ࡞࠿ࠊ᥎⸀ධヨࡸ㸿㹍ධヨࡢ࠸ࢃࡤ┠ⓗእ౑⏝ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓព࿡࡛ከᵝ໬ࠊ⮬⏤໬ࡀ㐍ࡳ㐣ࡂ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᘢᐖࡀ⾲㠃໬ࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋఱࡼࡾࡶࠊධᏛ⪅ࡢᏛຊࡢ࣑ࢽ࣐࣒ࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᏛຊࡢపୗ⌧㇟ࡀᗈࡀ－77－ࡾࠊධᏛᚋࡢᑓ㛛ᩍ⫱ࢆᡂࡾ❧ࡓࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ⿵⩦ᩍ⫱ஓึᖺḟᩍ⫱ࡀᚲ㡲࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊࡈᢎ▱ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀࡣ኱Ꮫ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊᩍ⫱ࡢࢥࢫࢺୖ
᪼ࢆព࿡ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ඛ࡯࡝ࡶࡕࡻࡗ࡜ゐࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓධヨࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚኱Ꮫഃ࡟཯
┬ࡀฟጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ஦ᐇ࡛ࡍࠋࠕ௒ᚋࡢධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᮅ᪥࣭
Ἑྜሿࡀ⾜ࡗࡓㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀࢆぢࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ᥎⸀ࡸ㸿㹍ධヨ࠿ࡽ୍⯡ධヨ࡟ᅇᖐࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿഴྥࡀᙉࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ཯┬ᮇ࡟ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࡶࠊ⮬⏤໬ࠊከᵝ໬࡟㝈⏺ࡀぢ࠼࡚ࡁࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ➨㸱࡟ࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ἣࡢୗ࡛ࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡣᡂຌ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊኻᩋ࡞
ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡣࠊ㧗ᰯ༞ᴗணᐃ⪅ࡢ42㸣ࡀཷ㦂ࡍࡿࢸࢫࢺ࡟ࡲ࡛ᡂ㛗ࢆ㐙ࡆࠊ฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ኱Ꮫࡣ680ᰯࠊ⚾❧኱Ꮫᚿ㢪⪅ࡢሙྜ࡟ࡶࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮᪉ᘧࡢཷ㦂⪅ࡀ30㸣࡜࠸࠺ᩘᏐࡶ࠶ࡾࠊᖺࠎቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑ
ࡢព࿡࡛ࠊࡇࡢࢸࢫࢺࡣᡂຌࢆ࠾ࡉࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
 1979ᖺࡢඹ㏻୍ḟࡀጞࡲࡗࡓᖺ࠿ࡽᩘ࠼ࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ30ᖺ௨ୖࡢṔྐࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ
࡛ࡍࡀࠊၥ㢟ࡣࠊࡑࡢ⤒㦂࡜⵳✚ࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶ༑ศ࡟ά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠊ⵳✚ࡉࢀࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡢศᯒࡸά⏝ࡀ࠾ࡃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋࡑࡇ࡟ࡣࢸࢫࢺᶵ㛵࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⊂❧ᛶࡸᑓ㛛ᛶࡢ୙㊊࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡶ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᢏ⾡ⓗ࡟ゝ࠼ࡤࠊฟ㢟⛉┠ᩘࡀ30㏆ࡃࡲ࡛ቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡉࡲࡊ
ࡲ࡞ࢥࢫࢺࡀᔞࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ᪥⛬ࡢ⟶⌮ࡶ㞴ࡋࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋఱ
ࡼࡾࡶᐇ᪋ࡢ㝿ࡢࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮ࡀᅔ㞴࡟࡞ࡾࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ࢺࣛࣈࣝࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࡈᢎ▱ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢၥ㢟ࡣ฼⏝᪉ἲ࡛᜛ពⓗ࡞ࠊ࡜࠸࠸ࡲࡍ࠿ࠊ⮬⏤࡞฼⏝ࢆㄆࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞౑ࢃࢀ᪉ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉࡟⚾❧኱Ꮫࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊ฼⏝ࡢ௙᪉ࡀ㐺ษ࡞ࡢ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࠊ฼⏝ࡍࡿ኱Ꮫࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ࣭ࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡶぢᴟࡵࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ୰࡛ࠊࡇࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᪂ࡋ࠸ㄢ㢟ࡶⓏሙࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲ
ࡍࠋ㧗ᰯࡢᏛ⩦฿㐩ᗘࢆࡣ࠿ࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠊධヨࢆ⿵᏶ࡍࡿᛶ᱁ࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࢃ
ࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀࢆ㸰ࡘ࡟ศࡅࡓࡽ࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡀᙉࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ㹑㸿㹒ࡸࠊ࠿ࡘ࡚ࡢ㐍Ꮫ㐺ᛶ᳨ᰝࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢࢸࢫࢺࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺㆟ㄽࡶฟ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡣᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ☜࠿࡛ࡍࡀࠊ௒ࡢࡲࡲ࡛ࡼ࠸ࡢ࠿ࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ၥ㢟ࡶᏎࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊ୎ᑀ࡛⥲ྜⓗ࡞ホ౯ࠊ㑅ᢤࡣྍ⬟࠿࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࢀࡣࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡢ㆟ㄽ࡜ࡶ㛵ಀࡋ࡚ࡃࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣࠕぢᯝ࡚ࡠክࠖ࡞ࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋᏛຊࡢ⥲ྜホ౯ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᏛຊ௨እࡢホ౯ࢆຍ࠼－78－ࡓ⥲ྜホ౯ࢆࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ᥎⸀᭩➼ࢆຍ࠼ࠊ㠃᥋ࡶຍ࠼࡚୎ᑀ࡞㑅ᢤࢆࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ヰ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ㸿㹍ධヨ⮬యࡀ୎ᑀ࡞㑅ᢤ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࠊ
࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞⾲⌧ࡀ࡝ࡇ࠿࡟࠶ࡗࡓ࡞࡜ᛮࡗ࡚᥈ࡋ࡚ࡳࡓࡽࠊ2008ᖺࡢ୰ᩍᑂ
࡟㸿㹍ධヨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᐃ⩏ࡀฟ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࢆぢࡿ࡜ࠊࠕᏛຊ᳨ᰝ࡟೫ࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃࠊヲ⣽࡞᭩㢮ᑂᰝ࡜᫬㛫ࢆ࠿ࡅࡓ୎ᑀ࡞㠃᥋࡜ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼ
ࡗ࡚ࠊཷ㦂⏕ࡢ⬟ຊࡸ㐺ᛶࠊᑐࡍࡿពḧࠊ┠ⓗព㆑➼ࢆ⥲ྜⓗ࡟ุᐃࡋࡼ࠺࡜
ࡍࡿࡁࡵ⣽࠿࡞㑅ᢤ᪉ἲࡢ㸯ࡘࠖࡀ㸿㹍ධヨࡔ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺ࡔ࡜ࡍࢀ
ࡤࠊ௒ᅇࡢᥦゝ࡛ࠕ୎ᑀ࡞㑅ᢤࠖ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊࡲࡉ࡟㸿㹍ධヨࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ࡛࠶ࢀࡤၥ㢟ࡣࠊ㸿㹍ධヨࡀᬑཬࡋࡓ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊᐇࡣᡂ
ຌࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠊࡸࡵࡼ࠺࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ኱Ꮫࡶቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ୍య࡞ࡐ࡞ࡢ࠿࡜
࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑࡢ⫼ᚋ࡟ࡣ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ၥ㢟ࡀ㞃ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥ࢜ࣇ࢕ࢫ࡜ྡ஌ࡿ⤌⧊ࡣࡓࡃࡉࢇࡘࡃࡽࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࡀࠊᮏᐙ
ࡢ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ⓗ࡞ព࿡࡛ࡢ࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥ࢜ࣇ࢕ࢧ࣮ࡀࠊࡑࡇ࡟࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ࡝࠺
ࡶࡑ࠺ࡣᛮ࠼࡞࠸ࠋ㸿㹍ධヨ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚ᩍဨࡀホ౯ࠊ㑅ᢤ࡟┤᥋࠿࠿ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢥࢫࢺ࡜⬟ຊࡢၥ㢟ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ௒ࡢ᪥ᮏࡢ኱Ꮫ࡜ᩍဨ࡟ࠊ
୎ᑀ࡞㑅ᢤࡢᐇ᪋⬟ຊؐ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࠊవຊࡀ୍య࠶ࡿࡢ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࠋ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ุ᩿⬟ຊࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࠋ㑅ᢤ࡟࡝ࡇࡲ࡛ࢥࢫࢺࢆ࠿ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ࡜࠸ࡗࡓၥ㢟ࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊᅜ❧ࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊබᖹᛶࢆᢸಖ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸ࡗࡓၥ
㢟ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࠕ୎ᑀ࡞㑅ᢤࠖ࡟ࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡲࡍࠋ ࠶࡜ࡣࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡢ㆟ㄽ࡟࠾௵ࡏࡋ࡚┬␎࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࡀࠊࢸࢫࢺࡢ㛤Ⓨࠊᐇ᪋ࡣᮏᙜ࡟ྍ⬟࡞ࡢ࠿࡜࠿ࠊ᪂ࢸࢫࢺࡀධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢᨵၿ࡟࡝ࡇࡲ࡛኱Ꮫ࡟ࡼࡗ
࡚฼⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡉࡽ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝẁ㝵࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟෌ᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࠋࡶ࠺୍ࡘࠊ௒ࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࡍ࡭࡚ࡢᩍ⫱ẁ㝵ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ໬࡜࠸࠺ࠊ
ࡇࢀࡲ࡛⤒㦂ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡢ࡞࠸≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ୰࡛㧗ᰯ࣭኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᵓ⠏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࠿ࠋ᥋⥆ࡢၥ㢟ࡶࠊධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢၥ㢟ࡶࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡉࡽ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᯟ⤌ࡢࡶ࡜᳨࡛ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㞧㥍࡞࠾ヰ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊᇶㄪㅮ₇࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶၥ㢟ᥦ㉳࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࠾ヰࡋࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ࡝࠺ࡶ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
‫ྖۑ‬఍ ኳ㔝㑳ኵඛ⏕ࠊ࡝࠺ࡶ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ௒ࡢኳ㔝ඛ⏕࠿ࡽࡢࡈㅮ₇࡛ࡕࡻ࠺ࡔ࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ㄢ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡇࡢᚋࡢࣃࢿࣝࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥ࡟ኳ㔝ඛ⏕ࡶຍࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊࡑࡢ
୰࡛㆟ㄽࡀ῝ࡵࡽࢀࡿ࠿࡜Ꮡࡌࡲࡍࠋ

－79－㸺ኳ㔝㑳ኵẶ㈨ᩱ㸼ධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ࢩ࣏ࣥࠕධヨᨵ㠉ࡢᗙᶆ㍈ࠖ
2013 .11.16
ኳ㔝㑳ኵ㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫྡ㄃ᩍᤵ㸧㸯㸬ᩍ⫱෌⏕ᐇ⾜఍㆟ࡢ➨ᅄḟᥦゝ ࠕ㧗➼Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱࡜኱Ꮫᩍ⫱࡜ࡢ᥋⥆࣭኱ᏛධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢᅾࡾ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ
㸦㸯㸧㐩ᡂᗘࢸࢫࢺ㸦ᇶ♏ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸧࣭㧗㧗ᰯᅾᏛ⪅ᑐ㇟ࠋᇶ
ᇶ♏ⓗ࣭ඹ㏻ⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ࡢ㐩ᡂᗘࢆᐈほⓗ࡟ᢕᥱࠋᐇ᪋୺యᮍᐃࠋ
ᖜᗈ࠸Ꮫຊࢆᢕᥱ᳨࣭ドࠋ」」ᩘᅇᐇ᪋ࠋ㧗ᰯ༞ᴗㄆᐃࡸ኱ᏛධᏛ㈨᱁࡜ࡋ࡚฼
฼⏝ࡏᣦᑟᨵၿࡸᏛ⩦ࡢᨵၿ࡟⮬⮬⏤࡟ά⏝ࠋཷ
ཷ㦂ࡣ⮬⏤ࠋ
ࡎࠋ㧗ᰯ࡛ࡢᣦ
㸦㸰㸧㐩ᡂᗘࢸࢫࢺ㸦Ⓨᒎࣞ࣋ࣝ㸧኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫᕼᮃ⪅ᑐ㇟ࠋ኱኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᚲせ࡞⬟ຊࡢุᐃࠋᐇ᪋୺యᮍᐃࠋ
㐃ᦠࡋ୍࡚యⓗ࡟ᐇ᪋ࠋධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮➼ࡢࣀ࢘ࣁ࢘ࡸ฼Ⅼά⏝ࠋᇶ♏ࣞ࣋ࣝࢸࢫࢺ࡜㐃ከ㠃ⓗ࡞ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢᇶ♏㈨ᩱࠋ」」ᩘᅇᐇ᪋ࠋCBT ᪉ᘧࡶ᳨ウࠋゝゝㄒ㐠⏝⬟ຊ࣭ᩘ
⌮ㄽ⌮ຊ࣭ศᯒຊ࣭ၥ㢟ゎỴ⬟ຊ➼ࡶᐃࠋ⤖ᯝࡣࣞ
ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ẁ㝵ⓗ࡟♧ࡍࠋ▱㆑೫㔜ࡢ୍Ⅼ้ࡳ㑅ᢤ࠿ࡽ⬺༷ࡍࡿࡼ࠺฼⏝ࢆᕤኵࠋ㸦㸱㸧ከ㠃ⓗ࣭⥲ྜⓗ࡞ホ౯ุ࣭ᐃேᮦീࡢ᫂☜໬࣭࢔࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩ࣏ࣙࣥࣜࢩ࣮ࡢලయ໬࣭ⓎⓎᒎࣞ࣋ࣝࢸࢫࢺࡢ   㣴ᡂࡍࡿே୎ᑀ࡞㑅ᢤࠖ࡟ࡼࡿධᏛ⪅ࡢẚẚ⋡ࡢ኱ᖜ࡞ቑຍࠋ
ᙎຊⓗά⏝࣭ࠕ୎
㠃᥋࣭ㄽᩥ࣭᥎⸀᭩࣭ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇࡔከᵝ࡞άື࣭ධᏛᚋࡢᏛ⩦㸦ࠕ୎ᑀ࡞ࠖ࡜ࡣ࣭࣭࣭㠃௻ᴗே➼࡟ࡼࡿ㠃᥋ࡶ㸧ࠋィ⏬᱌➼ࡢά⏝ࠋ௻኱Ꮫࡢᶵ⬟ูศ໬࡟ᑐᛂࡉࡏࡿࠋ  㸦ὀ㸧㣴ᡂࡍࡿேᮦീࡣࠊ኱
㸰㸬࡞ࡐ࠸ࡲ෌ࡧධヨᨵ㠉࡞ࡢ࠿̿̿ࡑࡢ⫼ᬒ࣭㸱㸱ࡘࡢ㞃ࢀࡓ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ̿̿ࣘ
ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ໬࣭ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬࣭ᶵ⬟ูศ໬ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ໬̿̿㧗➼ᩍ⫱㐍Ꮫ⋡ࡢୖ᪼ࠋ   㐍Ꮫ⋡ ኱Ꮫ࣭▷኱࣭㧗ᑓ 㸳㸴㸣ࠊᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ 㸰㸰㸣ࠊ⥲ィ 㸵㸶㸣   ⌧ᙺᚿ㢪⋡㸦኱Ꮫ࣭▷኱㸧 㸴㸮㸣   ධᏛ⪅ࡢᏛຊࡢከᵝ໬̿̿ୗ᪉࡬ࡢᗈࡀࡾ̿̿Ꮫຊపୗㄽ̿̿ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢぢ┤ࡋࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬̿̿ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞኱Ꮫ㛫➇தࡢ⃭໬   ඛ➃ⓗ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡➇தࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣮ࣝࣜࢲ࣮㣴ᡂࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ேᮦ⋓ᚓ࣭㣴ᡂ➇த

－81－㸺ኳ㔝㑳ኵẶ㈨ᩱ㸼   ኱Ꮫࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢࠊ␃Ꮫ⏕⋓ᚓ➇தࠊ୺࡜ࡋ࡚࢚࣮ࣜࢺ኱Ꮫ࣭◊✲኱Ꮫࡢ༴ᶵឤࠊ኱
Ꮫᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉ࠊධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢぢ┤ࡋࠋᶵ⬟ูศ໬̿̿኱Ꮫࡢᶵ⬟ⓗከᵝ໬   Ꮫ㒊࣭Ꮫ⛉ࡢከᵝ໬ࠊᑓ㛛ᩍ⫱ࡢከᵝ໬   ◊✲኱Ꮫ࡜ᩍ⫱኱Ꮫࠊୡ⏺኱Ꮫ࣭඲ᅜ኱Ꮫ࣭ᆅᇦ኱Ꮫࠊ   ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢ෌ᐃ⩏̿ேᮦീࡢ᫂☜໬̿ࡑࢀ࡟ᛂࡌࡓ࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩ࣏ࣙࣥࣜࢩ࣮ࢆ
࣭ᨵ㠉ࡢ୺せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ໬   ࣭㧗➼ᩍ⫱㐍Ꮫ⋡ࡢᛴୖ᪼    㸶㸮ᖺ 㸱㸵㸣  㸷㸮ᖺ 㸱㸴㸣  㸮㸮ᖺ 㸲㸷㸣  㸯㸮ᖺ 㸳㸵㸣㑅ᢤ᪉ἲูࡢධᏛ⪅ᩘ㸦㸣ࠊᩥ㒊┬ࠊ㸰㸮㸯㸰㸧           ᅜ❧  බ❧  ⚾❧  㸦㸣㸧    ୍⯡ධヨ   㸶㸲  㸵㸱  㸲㸷    ᥎⸀ධヨ   㸯㸰  㸰㸲  㸲㸮    A.O ධヨ  㸱   㸰  㸯㸮    㑅ᢤ᪉ἲูࡢᇶ♏Ꮫຊ㸦ࢫࢥ࢔ࠊ࣋ࢿࢵࢭࠊ㸰㸮㸯㸯ᖺ㸧            ୍⯡  ࢭࣥࢱ࣮  ᥎⸀   AO   ඲య    ᇶ♏Ꮫຊ⥈ྜ  㸳㸳   㸳㸵   㸲㸵   㸲㸱   㸳㸯     ⱥㄒ㐠⏝ຊ   㸳㸳   㸳㸴   㸲㸵   㸲㸱   㸳㸯    ᪥ᮏㄒ⌮ゎຊ  㸳㸱   㸳㸳   㸲㸷   㸲㸴   㸳㸯    ุ᩿᥎⌮ຊ   㸳㸰   㸳㸲   㸲㸶   㸲㸴   㸳㸮࣭ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂㸼୍⯡ධヨ㸼᥎⸀ධヨ㸼AO ධヨࡢ㡰ࠋ࣭ࠕ㧗኱᥋⥆ࢸࢫࢺࠖ࠿ࡽࠕ㐩ᡂᗘࢸࢫࢺࠖ࡬
࣭ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ᑐᛂ࡜ࠕ୎ᑀ࡞ࠖ㑅ᢤ ࣭኱Ꮫࡢ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥ࡟ᛂࡌࡓධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤㄽ  ࣭᭱㔜せࡢㄢ㢟̿̿ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝẁ㝵ᑐᛂࡢධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤไᗘࡢᶍ⣴࡜ᵓ⠏㸱㸬ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ࡜Ꮫຊほ࣭ ᡓᚋࡢṔྐⓗ⤒⦋ࢆぢࡿ๓࡟ࠋ࣭ከᵝ࡞Ꮫຊほ－82－㸺ኳ㔝㑳ኵẶ㈨ᩱ㸼 ୍࣭㈏ࡋࡓಶู኱Ꮫ࡟ࡼࡿᏛຊホ౯̿̿ධᏛヨ㦂㔜どࡢ㑅ᢤᢈุ࣭Ꮫຊホ౯ࡢࡓࡵࡢඹ㏻ヨ㦂࣭ࢸࢫࢺࡢᑟධㄽ
࣭Ꮫຊ௨እࡢ㑅ᢤᡭẁࡢᑟධㄽ ࣭⥲ྜⓗホ౯ࡢᚲせᛶ̿̿ࣔࢹࣝどࡉࢀࡿ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ኱Ꮫ 㸲㸬ᡓᚋධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤไᗘࡢኚ㑄̿̿ᨻ⟇࡜ᨵ㠉㸯㸷㸲㸵㸦᫛࿴㸰㸰㸧ᖺ  ୍⯡▱⬟᳨ᰝࡢᐇ᪋   ᩋᡓᚋࡢ≉Ṧ࡞≧ἣ ᩍ⛉ูࡢධᏛヨ㦂ᐇ᪋୙⬟ ࡓࡔࡋᅜ❧ࡢࡳ㸯㸷㸲㸷㸦᫛࿴㸰㸲㸧ᖺ  㐍Ꮫ㐺ᛶ᳨ᰝࡢ᫬௦
࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ SAT ࡀࣔࢹࣝ⥲ྜุᐃ࡜࠸࠺⌮᝿   㐍Ꮫ㐺ᛶ᳨ᰝ࣭ㄪᰝ᭩࣭ධᏛヨ㦂ࡢ㸱⪅࡟ࡼࡿ⥲   ᐇ㝿࡟ࡣ㊊ษࡾ࡟฼⏝ࠋ   ᅜ❧ᚿ㢪⪅඲ဨࡀᑐ㇟ࠊබ⚾❧኱ࡣ⮬⏤ࠋ㸳㸲ᖺ࡟ࡣ㸱㸲୓ேཷ㦂㸦㸳㸲ᖺᗫṆ㸧㸯㸷㸳㸲㸦᫛࿴㸰㸷㸧ᖺ  ධᏛヨ㦂ࡢ᫬௦㸦㐍Ꮫ⋡ 㸯㸮㸣㸧㸯㸷㸳㸲ᖺ ୰ᩍᑂࠕ኱ᏛධᏛ⪅㑅⪃ཬࡧࡇࢀ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ஦㡯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ⟅⏦ㄪᰝ᭩㸦㧗ᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⣼ຍグ㘓㸧㔜どࠊᅜᐇ᪋ࡢ୍
୍ᩧᏛຊ᳨ᰝ㸦බ⚾❧኱Ꮫࡣཧ㈨㉁⪃ᰝ᪉ἲࠖࡢㄪᰝ◊✲ࠊ࡞࡝ࢆᥦゝຍ⮬⏤㸧ࠊ㐍㐺࡟௦ࢃࡿࠕ㈨㠃᥋チྍࠋ   㸯㸷㸳㸳ᖺ ྜྰุᐃࡢࡓࡵࡢᚿ㢪⪅ࡢ㠃㸯㸷㸴㸱(᫛࿴㸱㸶)ᖺ  ⬟◊ࢸࢫࢺࡢᑟධ࡜᣸ᢡ㸦㸯㸳㸣㸧   㸯㸷㸴㸱ᖺ ୰ᩍᑂࠕ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࡢᨵၿ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ⟅⏦    ࠕㄪᰝ᭩ࠊ㐍㐺ᡈࡣ㠃᥋ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚㑅ᢤࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࠖࡣ⌧≧࡛ࡣᅔ㞴ࠊ୙ྍ⬟ࠋᏛ⩦฿࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࠕ୍ᅇࡢᏛຊ➹⟅ヨ㦂ࠖࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡼࡿྜྰุᐃࡣᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࠕᏛ㐩ᗘ࡜㐍Ꮫ㐺ᛶࢆά⏝ࡍࡿไᗘࠖࡢᑟධࡢᚲせᛶࠋ     ࠕ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡿ࡟ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸㐺᱁⪅ࡢ㑅ᢤ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ㐍Ꮫᕼᮃ⪅ࡢᏛᏛ⩦฿㐩ᗘ࡜㧗➼ᩍ⫱࡬ࡢ㐍㐍Ꮫ㐺ᛶࡢุᐃ
ຊࠊ㈨㉁࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㧗ᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ
ඹ㏻ⓗࠊࡀᇶᮏⓗ࡞᮲௳ࠖࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢࠕಙ㢗ᛶࡢ㧗࠸⤖ᯝࢆᚓࡿ᪉ἲࢆ᳨ウࠖࠋࠕඹᐈほⓗ࡞ࢸࢫࢺࢆ㐺ษ࡟ᐇ᪋ࠖࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢࠕ◊✲ࠊసᡂࠊᐇ᪋ࡢⅭࡢᶵ㛵ࡢタ
⨨ࠖ

－83－

㸺ኳ㔝㑳ኵẶ㈨ᩱ㸼   㸯㸷㸴㸱ᖺ(㈈)⬟ຊ㛤Ⓨ◊✲ᡤࡢタ⨨ࠋ⬟◊ࢸࢫࢺࡢᐇ᪋(Ꮫຊࢸࢫࢺࠊ㐍㐺ࢸࢫࢺࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡜ᐇ᪋)ࠋ㧗ᰯ⏕ࡢཷ㦂ࠊ     ᡤㅝ⬟㸯㸷㸴㸷ᖺ࡟ࡣᗫ
኱Ꮫࡢ฼⏝ඹ࡟⮬⏤ࠋ኱Ꮫࡣ฼⏝࡟ᾘᴟⓗࠋ฼⏝⪅ࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ㸯Ṇ   㸯㸷㸴㸴ᖺ ᥎⸀ධᏛ(ㄪᰝ᭩ࡢࡳ࡟ࡼࡿྜྰุᐃ)ࡢチྍࠋ            㸯㸷㸵㸯(᫛࿴㸲㸴)ᖺ  ㄪᰝ᭩୰ᚰ୺⩏ࡢࡍࡍࡵ㸦㸰㸵㸣㸧୰ᩍᑂࠕᅄභࠖ⟅⏦ ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࣔࢹࣝࡢᨵ㠉ᵓ᝿෌ࡧㄪᰝ᭩ࢆ㑅ᢤࡢᇶ♏㈨ᩱ࡟ࡍࡿࠖࠋࠕ㧗ᰯ㛫     ࠕ㧗ᰯࡢᏛ⩦ᡂᯝࢆබṇ࡟⾲♧ࡍࡿㄪホ౯Ỉ‽ࡢ᱁ᕪ᫝ṇࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᗈ
ᗈᇦⓗ࡞ඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ฼⏝ࡢホᚲせ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ࠕ㐍Ꮫࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿᑓ㛛ศ㔝࡛࡜ࡃ࡟㔜どࡉࢀࡿ≉≉ࡍࡿࠖࠋ኱Ꮫࡣᚲ
ㄽᩥࢸࢫࢺࡸ㠃㠃᥋ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢ
ᐃࡢ⬟ຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࢸࢫࢺࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡲࡓࡣㄽ
⥲ྜⓗ࡞ุᐃࡢ㈨ᩱࠖ࡜ࡍࡿࠋඹ
ඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺࡣࠕಶேࡢᏛຊࡢ฿㐩ᗘࢆᘚ⤖ᯝࢆ⥲ᇶ♏ⓗ࡞⬟ຊ࣭㐺ᛶࢆูࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡿࡢ࡟ᚲせ࡞ᇶ኱Ꮫ࡜㧗ᰯࡢ⮬୺ⓗ࡞༠ຊ࡟ࡼࡿᨵ㠉ࠖࢆࠋ᳨ฟࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࡶࡢࠖࠋ
ࠕ኱㸯㸷㸵㸷(᫛࿴㸳㸲)ᖺ ඹ㏻➨୍ḟᏛຊヨ㦂ࡢ᫬௦㸦㸱㸵㸣㸧     㸯㸷㸵㸮ᖺ ᩥ㒊┬࣭ධヨᨵၿ఍㆟ ඹ㏻➨୍ḟヨ㦂ᵓ᝿ࢆᥦ♧   㸯㸷㸵㸰ᖺ ᅜ኱༠ධヨㄪᰝ≉ูጤဨ఍ࠕ඲ᅜඹ㏻୍ḟヨ㦂࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡲ࡜ࡵࠖබ⾲   㸯㸷㸵㸱ᖺ ᩥ㒊┬ࠊᅜ኱༠࡟◊✲ጤク   㸯㸷㸵㸲ᖺ ࣉࣞࢸࢫࢺᐇ᪋㛤ጞ   㸯㸷㸵㸴ᖺ ᅜ኱༠ࠊඹ㏻➨୍ḟᏛຊヨ㦂ࡢᐇ᪋Ỵᐃ   㸯㸷㸵㸵ᖺ ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮タ⨨   㸯㸷㸵㸷ᖺ ➨୍ᅇඹ㏻➨୍ḟᏛຊヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢࡓࡵࡢᏛຊヨ㦂ࡢ୍㒊ࢆᅜ❧኱Ꮫࡀඹྠ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࠋ㸳ᩍ⛉ࡢᐈほࢸࢫࢺࠋ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶ➨୍ḟᏛຊヨ㦂ࠋ➨஧ḟࡣྛ኱Ꮫᐇ᪋ࡢᩍ⛉ูヨ㦂ࠋ୧⪅ࢆ⥲ྜⓗ࡟ุ᩿ࡋ࡚㑅ᢤࠋ   㸯㸷㸶㸵ᖺ 㸳ᩍ⛉㸵⛉┠࠿ࡽ㸳ᩍ⛉㸳⛉┠࡬ࠋ࢔ࣛ࢝ࣝࢺ฼⏝ࡶྍ⬟࡟ࠋ㸯㸷㸶㸵㸧࠿ࡽ๓
஧ḟヨ㦂ࡢཷ㦂ᶵ఍」ᩘ໬ࠋᅜ❧኱Ꮫࡢ A࣭B ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉศࡅ㸦㸯㸯㸷㸶㸷㸧࡬ࠋᚋᮇ࡛ከ㠃ⓗ࡛୎ᑀ࡞㑅ᢤࢆᮇᚅࠋࡑ
ᮇ࣭ᚋᮇ࡬ࡢᐃဨศ๭㸦㸯ࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊ⮫ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࠋ                      㸯㸷㸶㸳(᫛࿴㸴㸮)ᖺ ࠕಶᛶ໬࣭⮬⏤໬࣭ከᵝ໬ࠖࡢࡍࡍࡵ 㸦㸱㸵㸣㸧⮫᫬ᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟఍➨୍ḟ⟅⏦    ࠕᏛຊ᳨ᰝࡢⅬᩘࢆ㔜どࡋࠊࡑࡢᐈほᛶ࡜බඹᛶ࡟౫Ꮡࡍࡿഴྥࡀᙉ࠸ࠖධᏛ⪅－84－㸺ኳ㔝㑳ኵẶ㈨ᩱ㸼㑅ᢤ᪉ἲࡢࠕᨵၿࢆᅗࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊே
ே㛫ࢆከ㠃ⓗ࡟ホ౯ࡋࠊ㑅ᢤࡢ᪉ἲࡸᇶ‽ࡢ
ከᵝ໬ࠊከඖ໬ࢆᅗࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ
ᩍ⫱◊✲ࡢỈ‽࡟ἢࡗ࡚⮬୺ⓗ࡟⾜ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡣࠕᇶᮏⓗ࡟ྛ኱Ꮫࡀᮇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᩍ
⮬୺ᛶࡀᑛ㔜ࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࠋ
ࢃࢀࡿ࡭ࡁࡶࡢ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊࠕ⮬㑅ᢤࡢබඹᛶ࡟ࡶ㓄៖ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࠋ
ࠕ㧗ᰯ௨ୗࡢᩍ⫱ࡢṇᖖ໬࡞࡝㑅⮬⏤࡟฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺࠖࡢ๰タࠋ୺せ࡞ᥦゝࡣࠕᅜබ⚾❧ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ྛ኱Ꮫࡀ⮬」ᩘᅇᐇ฼⏝ࡢዴఱࠊ฼⏝ࡢ᪉ἲࠊᩍ⛉࣭⛉┠ᩘࡣ⮬⏤ࠊ୍⛉┠฼⏝ࡶྍ⬟࡟ࠋ」᪋ࡢ᳨ウࢆࠋ
࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥ࢜ࣇ࢖ࢫࡢタ⨨࣭ᙉ໬ࠖࠕᅜ❧኱Ꮫࡢཷ㦂ᶵ఍」ᩘ໬ࠖࡶࠋ
௚࡟ࠕ࢔㸯㸷㸷㸮(ᖹᡂ㸰)ᖺ ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢ᫬௦㸦㸱㸴㸣㸧  ࣭⮫ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࢆཷࡅࡓᩥ㒊┬ࡢᨵ㠉   㸯㸷㸶㸵ᖺ ᪂ࢸࢫࢺࡢ‽ഛ㛤ጞ   㸯㸷㸶㸶ᖺ ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮༠㆟఍タ⨨࣭᪂ࢸࢫࢺࡢྡ⛠Ỵᐃ   㸯㸷㸶㸷ᖺ AO ධヨᑟධ ៞᠕኱ࠋ㸰㸮㸮㸮ᖺ࡟ᮾ໭࣭⟃Ἴ࣭஑ᕞ   㸯㸷㸷㸮ᖺ ➨୍ᅇ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ᐇ᪋  ࣭฼⏝ࡢᑐ㇟ࢆᅜ❧௨እ࡟ࡶᣑ኱ࠋධᏛヨ㦂ࡢ୍㒊࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㧗ᰯ࡛ࡢᏛ⩦฿㐩ᗘホධᏛࢆᚿ㢪ࡍࡿ⪅ࡢ㧗➼Ꮫᰯẁ㝵࡟࠾ࡅࡿᇶ
ᇶ♏ⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ࡢ㐩ᡂ౯ࡢᛶ᱁ࡶࠋ
ࠕ኱Ꮫ࡟ධࡢ⛬ᗘࢆุᐃࡍࡿࡶ࡜ࢆ୺ࡓࡿ┠ⓗࠖ࡜ࡍࡿࢸࢫࢺࠋ฼⏝ࡍࡿ⚾❧኱Ꮫࡢቑຍࠋ࢔
ࣛ࢝ࣝࢺ฼⏝ࡢ୍⯡໬ࠋࢭࣥࢱ࣮ධヨᯟࡢタᐃ㸦㒊ศⓗ฼⏝㸧ࠋ㧗ᰯ༞ᴗணᐃ⪅ࡢ࡯ࡰ༙ᩘࡀཷ㦂ࡍࡿࢸࢫࢺ࡬ࠋ  ࣭ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢ⮬⏤໬࣭ከᵝ໬ࡢᛴ㐍ᒎ  ࣭᥎⸀ධᏛ࣭AO ධᏛࡢᬑཬ
㸰㸮㸮㸮(ᖹᡂ㸯㸰)ᖺ ࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩ࣏ࣙࣥࣜࢩ࣮ࡢࡍࡍࡵ㸦㸲㸷㸣㸧   㸰㸮㸮㸮ᖺ ኱Ꮫᑂ㆟఍⟅⏦ࠕ኱Ꮫධヨࡢᨵၿ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ   ࣭ྛ኱Ꮫࡣࠕධ
ධᏛ⪅ཷࡅධࢀ᪉㔪(࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩ࣏ࣙࣥࣜࢩ࣮)ࢆ᫂☜࡟ࡋࠊᑐእⓗ࡟ࠕồࡵࡿ᫂♧ࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊྛ኱Ꮫ࡟ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸㑅ᢤࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊྛ኱ᏛࡀࠕᏛ⏕ࠖࢆぢฟࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せࠖࠋྠ᫬࡟
⬟ຊ࣭㐺ᛶ➼ࡢከ㠃ⓗ࡞ุᐃࠖࠕබබᖹᛶࡢぢ┤ࡋ͐⤯ᑐⓗ࡞බᖹᛶ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊྜ
࣭ࠕ⬟⌮ⓗ࡟チᐜࡉࢀࡿ⠊ᅖࡢ࡞࠿࡛ࡢබᖹᛶࠖ
࣭࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥ࢜ࣇ࢖ࢫࡢᩚഛ࡜ࠕAO ධヨࡢ㐺ṇ࠿ࡘ෇⁥࡞᥎㐍ࠖ㸰㸮㸮㸶(ᖹᡂ㸰㸮)ᖺ ࠕ㧗኱᥋⥆ࢸࢫࢺࠖࡢࡍࡍࡵ㸦㸳㸵㸣㸧   㸰㸮㸮㸶ᖺ ୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦ࠕᏛኈㄢ⛬ᩍ⫱ࡢᵓ⠏࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࠖ
ồࡵࡿᏛ⏕ീ➼ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ㧗㧗ᰯẁ㝵࡛ಟᚓࡋ   ࣭࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩ࣏ࣙࣥࣜࢩ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕồ－85－㸺ኳ㔝㑳ኵẶ㈨ᩱ㸼࡚࠾ࡃ࡭ࡁෆᐜ࣭Ỉ‽ࢆලయⓗ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺ດࡵࡿࠖ
ᇶ♏Ꮫຊࡢᢕᥱࡀ㐺ษ࡟   ࣭᥎⸀ධヨࡸ AO ධヨ࡞࡝ࠊࠕዴఱ࡞ࡿධヨ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶᇶ
Ꮫຊ࡟ಀࡿࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᣦᶆࢆά⏝ࡋࠊᏛᏛ⾜ࢃࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢㄆ㆑࡟❧ࡗ࡚ࠊᏛຊᢕᥱᥐ⨨ࢆㅮࡌࡿࠖ
㧗ᰯẁ㝵ࡢᏛຊࢆᐈほⓗ࡟ᢕᥱࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㧗ᰯࡢᣦᑟᨵၿࡸ኱Ꮫࡢ   ࣭ࠕ㧗㧗ᰯ࣭኱Ꮫࡀ௵ព࡟ά⏝࡛ࡁࡿᏛຊ᳨ᰝ(ࠕ㧗㧗኱᥋ึᖺḟᩍ⫱ࠊ኱Ꮫධヨ࡞࡝࡟ࠊ㧗⥆ࢸࢫࢺ㸦௬⛠㸧ࠖ࡟㛵ࡋࠊ㧗➼Ꮫᰯࠊ኱Ꮫࡢ㛵ಀ⪅ࡀ༑ศ࡟༠㆟࣭◊✲࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ಁࡍࠋ㸳㸬ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢὶࢀ࡜⌧≧ㄆ㆑࣭ᨻ⟇࡜ไᗘᨵ㠉ࡢὶࢀࡢࣞࣅ࣮ࣗ
㸯㸬Ꮫຊࡢ⥈ྜⓗホ౯㸦ㄪᰝ᭩࣭ධᏛヨ㦂࣭㐍Ꮫ㐺ᛶ᳨ᰝ㸧㸦᣸ᢡ㸧㸰㸬㐍Ꮫ㐺ᛶ᳨ᰝ㸦୰Ṇ㸧㸱㸬ධᏛヨ㦂౫ᏑࡢᏛຊホ౯㸦ᣢ⥆㸧㸲㸬⬟◊ࢸࢫࢺ㸦Ꮫຊ࣭㐺ᛶ㸧㸦᣸ᢡ㸧㸳㸬ㄪᰝ᭩୰ᚰ࡬ࡢ㌿᥮㸦ᐇ⌧ࡏࡎ㸧㸴㸬ᅜබ❧኱ᏛධᏛヨ㦂ࡢ୍㒊ࡢඹ㏻໬㸦ඹ㏻୍ḟ㸧㸦⥅⥆㸧㸵㸬኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫᕼᮃ⪅ᑐ㇟ࡢᏛຊࢸࢫࢺ㸦ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂 ᅜබ⚾❧㸧㸦⥅⥆㸧㸶㸬㑅ᢤࡢ⮬⏤໬࣭ከᵝ໬㸦᥎⸀࣭AO ධᏛ㸧㸦ᘢᐖ㸧     㸷㸬࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩ࣏ࣙࣥࣜࢩ࣮ࡢ᫂☜໬㸯㸮㸬㧗ᰯࡢᏛ⩦฿㐩ᗘࢸࢫࢺ㸦㧗ᰯ⏕࣭㐍Ꮫᕼᮃ⪅㸧ᑟධㄽ㸯㸯㸬ࠕ୎ᑀ࡞㑅ᢤ࣭ࠖ⥲ྜⓗホ౯ㄽ࣭ၥ㢟ࡢከ࠸኱ᏛධᏛヨ㦂࣭ಙ㢗ᛶ࡟Ḟࡅࡿ㧗ᰯࡢᏛᴗᡂ⦼
࣭ඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺࡢᚲせᛶ   ࣭Ꮫຊ௨እࡢホ౯࣭㑅ᢤᡭẁࡢᑟධࡢᚲせ   ࣭୎ᑀ࡞㑅ᢤࡢ㔜せᛶ ࣭኱኱Ꮫࡢ✀ู࣭ᶵ⬟ศ໬࡬ࡢᑐᛂ   －86－㸺ኳ㔝㑳ኵẶ㈨ᩱ㸼㸴㸬ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡣᨵၿࡉࢀࡿ࠿
࣭ධᏛヨ㦂౫Ꮡ࠿ࡽࡢ⬺༷ࡣྍ⬟࠿ ࣭㑅ᢤࡢ⮬⏤໬࣭ಶᛶ໬࣭ከᵝ໬ࡣᡂຌࡋࡓ࠿  ௒ᚋࡢධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢᅾࡾ᪉㸦ᮅ᪥࣭Ἑྜሿㄪᰝࠊ㸰㸮㸯㸱ࠊ㸣㸧    ᣑ኱  ⦰ᑠ  ⌧≧  ୙᫂௚    ୍⯡ධヨ   㸱㸴   㸴  㸳㸮   㸶    ᥎⸀ධヨ   㸯㸴  㸰㸯  㸳㸴   㸵
 A.O ධヨ   㸯㸲  㸱㸮  㸱㸴  㸯㸵ධヨ᪉ᘧᅇᩘ 㸯㸰  㸰㸴  㸳㸱   㸷 ࣭ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡣኻᩋࡋࡓࡢ࠿ ࣭ࠕ୎ᑀ࡛ࠖ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ホ౯࣭㑅ᢤࡣྍ⬟࠿ ࣭᪂ࢸࢫࢺࡢ㛤Ⓨ࣭ᐇ᪋ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ྍ⬟࠿࣭᪂ࢸࢫࢺࡣࠊධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢᨵၿ࡟࡝ࡇࡲ࡛ά⏝ࡉࢀࡿ࠿࣭㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ໬࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆࠊ࡝࠺ᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࠋ
࣭ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢᩍ⫱ẁ㝵ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ໬࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸㧗ᰯ࣭኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ࡝
࠺෌ᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࠋ

－87－ ࣃࢿࣝࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥ          ࣇ࢓ࢩࣜࢸ࣮ࢱ࣮ 㹌㹆㹉ゎㄝጤဨ᪩ᕝ ಙኵ Ặʊྖ఍ ࣃࢿࣝࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆጞࡵࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࣃࢿࣝࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥ࠿ࡽࡈཧຍࡢ㸱ྡࡢ᪉ࠎࢆࡈ⤂௓⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ ࢫࢡ࣮ࣜࣥ࡟ࡶᫎࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࣇ࢓ࢩࣜࢸ࣮ࢱ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪩ᕝಙ
ኵ㹌㹆㹉ゎㄝጤဨ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊኳ㔝㑳ኵඛ⏕࡟ࡶ࠾ຍࢃࡾ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽྜ⏣㝯ྐᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤࣇ࢙࣮ࣟ㸭๓ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ᨻ⟇ᒁ㛗࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚᭱ᚋ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊⲨ஭ඞᘯ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࣭◊✲⤫ᣓᐁࠊྠ᫬࡟ᮏㄪᰝᐊࡢᐊ㛗࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡢ㐍⾜ࡣࣇ࢓ࢩࣜࢸ࣮ࢱ࣮ࡢ᪩ᕝඛ⏕࡟࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡓ࠸࡜
ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡝࠺ࡒࡼࢁࡋࡃ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ⓙࡉࢇࠊࡇࢇ࡟ࡕࡣࠋ㹌㹆㹉ゎㄝጤဨࡢ᪩ᕝ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࠕධヨᨵ㠉ࡢᗙᶆ㍈ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࢸ࣮࣐࡛ࠊ࠾ࡼࡑ㸰᫬㛫࠶ࡲࡾ࡟ࢃࡓ
ࡗ࡚㸱ேࡢࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺࡢ᪉ࠎ࡜㆟ㄽࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡊࡗ࡜ቭࡢୖ࠿ࡽぢ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊẚ㍑ⓗࢩࢽ࢔ࡢ᪉ࡢ࠾㞟ࡲࡾ࡞ࡢ࡟Ꮫ⏕࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ᚋࢁࡢ࡯࠺࡟ேࡀ㞟ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࠾ぢཷࡅࡋࡲࡍࠋࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺ࡜
ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡶ࠺ࡕࡻࡗ࡜๓࡟ワࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡿ࡜Ẽᣢࡕࡀ஌ࡗ࡚࠾ヰࡋ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ
࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࠊ๓࡟ฟ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸࡜࠸࠺᪉ࡣࠊᚋࢁࡢ࠾᳔Ꮚ࡟ᗙࡗ࡚࠸
ࡿ᪉ࡶࠊ࡝࠺ࡒ๓ࡢ࠾ᖍ࡟⛣ࡗ୍࡚⥴࡟ཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ
↓⌮࡞ὀᩥࡔ࡜ࡣᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀ㸦➗㸧ࠊࢧࢡࢧࢡ࡜๓ࡢ࡯࠺࡟࠾ᖍࢆワࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤ࠺ࢀࡋࡃᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡸࡗࡥࡾᏛ⏕࡜ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸࡛ࡍࡡࠋ㸦➗㸧 ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡇ࠿ࡽࡣࡲࡌࡵ࡟ヰࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ௒᪥ࡣ
༗๓୰ࡢ➨㸯㒊࡛㖹㇂ࡉࢇ࠿ࡽࠊ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ึ࣭୰➼ᩍ⫱࠿ࡽぢࡓධヨᨵ㠉ࡢㄢ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠾ヰࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ࣮࣮࣋࢝ࡉࢇ࠿ࡽࡣ᭱᪂ࡢࢸࢫ
ࢺ஦᝟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠋ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝ࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞≀ᕪࡋࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜࠸࠺ᅜࡣ
ࡸࡣࡾࢧࢡࢧࢡ࡜࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞≀ᕪࡋࢆ኱⫹࡟ྲྀࡾධࢀ࡞ࡀࡽ㐍ࡵࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿࢇࡔ࡞࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊඛ࡯࡝ࡢᇶㄪㅮ₇࡛ኳ㔝ࡉࢇ࠿ࡽᡓᚋࡢධヨᨵ㠉ࡢὶࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠋ௒᪥ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟㢌ࡢᩚ⌮ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞௙᥃

－89－ࡅ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࠿࡞࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ከゅⓗ࡞どⅬ࠿ࡽࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞♧၀ࢆᚓࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊᨵࡵ࡚ධヨᨵ㠉ࡢࡇࢀࡲ
࡛ࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡗ࡚ࠊ௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ඛ࡯࡝᮶ࠊヰࡀฟ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊᏳಸ⥲⌮┤ᒓࡢᩍ⫱෌⏕ᐇ⾜఍㆟ࡀඛ᭶ᮎ࡟ࠊ௒ࡢ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡟௦࠼࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㸯Ⅼ้ࡳࡢᚓ
Ⅼ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊᡂ⦼ࢆ኱ࡲ࠿࡟♧ࡍ᪂ࡓ࡞ࢸࢫࢺࠊ㐩ᡂᗘࢸࢫࢺࢆᑟධࡍ࡭ࡁ
࡜ࡋࡓ኱Ꮫධヨᨵ㠉᱌ࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡯࡝ࡢኚ㠉ࢆࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᥦ᱌ࡀฟ
࡚ࡁࡓ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ࠿ࡘ࡚࡞ࡽࠊࡶࡗ࡜኱ࡁ࡞㆟ㄽ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸
࠺Ẽࡀࡍࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡇࢀࡀ࠿ࡘ࡚࡯࡝࡟ࡣᅜẸⓗ࡞㆟ㄽ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸
࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ⚾ࡣẼ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡶࡗ࡜㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚ࡋ࠿ࡿ࡭ࡁၥ㢟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ඛ࡯࡝ኳ㔝ࡉࢇࡢ࠾ヰ࡟ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࠿ࡡ࡚࠿ࡽఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞࡜࠸࠺࠿ࠊ
ྠᵝࡢᨵ㠉ࡀᶍ⣴ࡉࢀ࡚ࡣ₽ࢀ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡣࠊ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜⥲ㄽ㈶ᡂ࣭ྛㄽ཯ᑐ࡜࡞ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ၥ㢟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ௒ᅇࡢࡼ࠺࡞
⪃࠼ࢆ♧ࡍ࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡇࢁࡲ࡛ࡣࠊ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ
࡝ࡶࠊ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡢࡣࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ㞴ࡋࡉࡢ᭱ࡓࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ
ࡣࠊ኱Ꮫධヨ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣᨻᗓࡢྕ௧୍ୗ࡛ືࡃࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ኱Ꮫࡀ⮬୺ⓗ࡟ື࠸࡚ࡇࡑኚࢃࡿࡶࡢࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋㄽࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ⡆༢ࠊ࠸ࡊᐇ⾜ࡍࡿ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜཯ᑐ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡓࡔࠊࡇࢀࡣ㆟ㄽࡀ┒ࡾୖࡀࡽ࡞࠸ࡲࡲᐇ⾜࡟⛣ࡉࢀࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ௨๓࡟⤒㦂ࡋࡓΰ஘ࡀ෌ࡧጞࡲࡾࡣࡋ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ᚰ㓄࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⩻ᘝࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣ
ᑗ᮶࠶ࡿⱝ⪅ࡸᏊ౪ࡓࡕ࡛ࡍࠋ ௒ᅇࡢᥦゝࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡣࠊ᮶᫓ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟఍࡛ఱࡽ࠿ࡢ⤖ㄽࢆᚓࡓ࠸࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ௒ᚋࡣ㆟ㄽࡀᛴࢸ࣏࡛ࣥ㐍ࡴࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸
࠿࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟≧ἣࡀື࠸࡚࠸ࡿ୰࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡿ௒ᅇࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࡛࢘ࡣࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ⌧ሙ࡛ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞❧ሙ࠿ࡽࠊ㛗ᖺ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚ධヨ࡜࠿࠿ࢃࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ㸱ேࡢࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺࡢ᪉ࠎ࡟㢦ࢆᥞ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ௒ࠊධヨᨵ㠉ࢆㄽࡌࡿ࡞ࡽࡇ
ࡢ㸱ே࡜࠸࠺᪉ࠎ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ㆟ㄽࡣࠊ࡜ࡶࡍࢀࡤධヨࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆ࡝࠺ࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡤ࠿
ࡾࢫ࣏ࢵࢺࣛ࢖ࢺࡀᙜࡓࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶᩍ⫱ไᗘ඲యࡢ୰࡛ධヨࢆ࡝࠺఩⨨࡙ࡅࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㆟ㄽ࡟ࡲ࡛ࡣ῝ࡲࡗ࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࡑࡇ࡛௒ᅇࡣࠊఱࡢࡓࡵ࡟ධヨࡀᚲせ࡞ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ཎⅬ࠿ࡽࠊࡑࢀࡀᩍ⫱ࡢ୰
㌟ࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡝࠺⏕࠿ࡏࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸ࡗࡓᒎᮃࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࡲ࡛ࠊࡑࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆ
㆟ㄽࡋ࡚ࡶ✵ㄽ࡟⤊ࢃࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸࠿ࡡ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡅ
ࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࠶࠼࡚ࡑࡢ࠶ࡓࡾࡲ࡛ᣮᡓࡋ࡚ࠊ㆟ㄽࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

－90－ ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡢࣃࢿࣝࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࡣࠊࡲࡎྜ⏣ࡉࢇࠊⲨ஭ࡉࢇ࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀ
ࡢධヨᨵ㠉ㄽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚15ศࡎࡘ⤂௓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊ㸱ࡘࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࠊ
ධヨᨵ㠉ࡢࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊ࡞ࡐᨵ㠉ࡀᚲせ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ධヨᨵ㠉ࡢࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ࡜࠸
࠺Ⅼ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸱ே࡟㆟ㄽࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢୖ࡛ࠊ௒᪥ࡣ఍ሙ
࡟㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ㛵ಀ⪅ࠊึ࣭୰➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ㛵ಀ⪅ࠊ࠸ࢃࡤࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡢᙜ஦⪅࡛࠶ࡿⓙࡉࢇࡀ࠾㞟ࡲࡾ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊᡭ๓࿡ჯ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ㹌㹆㹉ࡢࠕ᪥ᮏࡢࠊ
ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࠖ࡜࠸࠺␒⤌ࠊ఍ሙ࡟㞟ࡲࡗࡓ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞❧ሙࡢ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ேࡀฟ఍
࠺࡜࠸࠺␒⤌࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞㞺ᅖẼ࡛ࠊ఍ሙ඲య࡛ពぢ஺᥮ࡋ࡚࠸
ࡅࡓࡽ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ௨ୖࡀ኱ࡲ࠿࡞➽࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࣇ࢓ࢩࣜࢸ࣮ࢱ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㆟ㄽࡣࣛ࢖ࣈ
ࡔ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋྎᮏ࡝࠾ࡾ࡛ࡣࡕࡻࡗ࡜࠾ࡶࡋࢁࡃ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ
ሙྜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ఍ሙ࡟ពぢࢆồࡵࡓࡾ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ࠸ࡘ
ᙜ࡚ࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺⥭ᙇឤࢆᣢࡕࡘࡘ࠾ヰࢆ⪺࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤࠋ
ヰࢆ⪺ࡃࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ㆟ㄽ࡟ཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ヰࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊࡲࡎෑ㢌࡛⚾ࡢධヨᨵ㠉ㄽ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊྜ⏣ࡉࢇࠊⲨ஭ࡉࢇ࡟ࡑࢀ
ࡒࢀࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽ࠾ヰࡋࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ

－91－㸺᪩ᕝಙኵẶ㈨ᩱ㸼኱Ꮫධヨࢧ࣑ࢵࢺ
ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࠕධヨᨵ㠉ࡢᗙᶆ㍈ࠖ㸰 㸮 㸯 㸱 㸬 㸯 㸯 㸬 㸯 㸴   㹌 㹆 㹉 ゎ ㄝ ጤ ဨ  ᪩ ᕝ ಙ ኵ  ࠕ ㄽ ࡌ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡣ ⡆ ༢ ࠋ࠸ ࡊ ᐇ ⾜ ࡍ ࡿ ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ ࡜ 㞴 㢟 ࠖ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ࡢ ࡀ ධ ヨ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ ᩥ㒊┬ࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿグ⪅᫬௦࡟ᕠࡾྜࡗࡓࡢࡀࠊ㸿᪥⛬࣭㹀᪥⛬ࡢࠕ㐃⥆᪉ᘧࠖ࠿ ࡽ ๓ ᮇ ᪥ ⛬ ࣭ ᚋ ᮇ ᪥ ⛬ ࡢ ࠕ ศ 㞳 ࣭ ศ ๭ ᪉ ᘧ ࠖ㸦 ᐃ ဨ ศ ๭ ࠊ ᪥ ⛬ ศ 㞳 ᪉ ᘧ 㸧 ࡬ ࡢኚ ᭦ ࡛ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋᙜ ᫬ ࡣ ࠊẖ ᖺ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ධ ヨ ᪉ ᘧ ࡀ ኚ ࢃ ࡾ ࠊ኱ ΰ ஘ ࡀ ㉳ ࡁ ࡲ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋࡼ࠿ ࢀ ࡜ ᛮ ࡗ ࡚ ࡸ ࡗ ࡓ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ⿬ ┠ ࡟ ฟ ࡿ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ 㐃 ⥆ ࡛ ࠊࠕ ⊧ ࡢ ┠ ࡢ ධ ヨ ᨵ 㠉 ࠖ ࡜ ᥾ᥟ ࡉ ࢀ ࡲ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋࡑ ࡢ ᚋ ࠊᅜ ኱ ༠ ࡢ ఍ 㛗 ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ᭷ 㤿 ᮁ ே ᮾ ኱ Ꮫ 㛗 ࡀࠕ ⮬ ศ ࡟ ࡶ ධ
ヨ ࢆ ኚ ࠼ ࡓ ࠸ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ᛮ ࠸ ࡣ ࠶ ࡿ ࡀ ࠊኚ ࠼ ࡞ ࠸ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ࡢ ࡶ ୍ ࡘ ࡢ ぢ ㆑ ࠖ࡜ ㏙ ࡭ ࠊᅾ௵ ୰ ࡟ ࡄ ࡗ ࡜ ᨵ 㠉 ࢆ ࡇ ࡽ ࠼ ࡓ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ΰ ஘ ࡟ ⤊ Ṇ ➢ ࡀ ᡴ ࡓ ࢀ ࡲ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ୍ ࡘ ࢆ ࠸ ࡌ ࡿ࡜ࠊ඲㒊ࢆ࠸ࡌࡽ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡢࡀධヨࡢ≉ᚩ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ௒ ࡲ ࡓࠕ ኱ Ꮫ ධ ヨ ᨵ 㠉 ࠖࡀ ㄽ ࡌ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡞ ࡾ ࡲ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋࡇ ࡇ ࡟ ⮳ ࡿ ᨵ 㠉 ࡢ ヲ
ࡋ ࠸ ὶ ࢀ ࡣ ࠊኳ 㔝 ࡉ ࢇ ࡢ ᇶ ㄪ ㅮ ₇ ࡛ ㏙ ࡭ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡜ ᛮ ࠸ ࡲ ࡍ ࡀ ࠊᩍ ⫱ ෌ ⏕ ᐇ ⾜ ఍ ㆟ࡢ ᥦ ゝ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ࠊ௨ ๓ ࡟ ⤒ 㦂 ࡋ ࡓࠕ ΰ ஘ ࠖࡀ ෌ ࡧ ጞ ࡲ ࡾ ࡣ ࡋ ࡞ ࠸ ࠿ ࡜ ᚰ 㓄 ࡟ ࡞ ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⩻ᘝࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊᑗ᮶࠶ࡿⱝ⪅ࡸᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ
ୗᮧ༤ᩥᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ኱⮧ࡣᩍ⫱෌⏕ᐇ⾜఍㆟࡟⮫ࡴࡢ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࠕ➨㸯ḟᏳಸෆ㛶ࡢᩍ⫱෌⏕఍㆟࡛㆟ㄽࢆ✚ࡳ㔜ࡡ࡚ࡁࡓㄢ㢟ࢆᐇ⾜࡟⛣ࡍࡓࡵࢫࣆ࣮ࢹ࢕࣮
࡟ ㆟ ㄽ ࢆ 㐍 ࡵ ࡿ ࠖ࡜ ㏙ ࡭ ࠊࡑ ࡢ ゝ ⴥ ㏻ ࡾ 㸯 㸮 ࠿ ᭶ వ ࡾ ࡛ 㸲 ࡘ ࡢ ᥦ ゝ ࢆ ❧ ࡚ ⥆ ࡅ ࡟ࡲ ࡜ ࡵ ࡲ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ኱ Ꮫ ධ ヨ ᨵ 㠉 ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡢ ➨ 㸲 ḟ ᥦ ゝ ࢆ ཷ ࡅ ࡚ ࠊᩥ 㒊 ⛉ Ꮫ ┬ ࡣ ᮶ ᫓ࢆ ࡵ ࡊ ࡋ ࡚ ୰ ኸ ᩍ ⫱ ᑂ ㆟ ఍ ࡛ ఱ ࡽ ࠿ ࡢ ⤖ ㄽ ࢆ ᚓ ࡓ ࠸ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡲ ࡍ ࠋ௒ ᚋ ࠊ㆟ ㄽ ࡣᛴࢸ࣏࡛ࣥ㐍ࡵࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡳࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋࡇ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ≧ ἣ ࡀ ື ࠸ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ୰ ࡛ ⾜ ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ ௒ ᅇ ࡢ ࢩ ࣥ ࣏ ࢪ ࢘ ࣒ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊ㧗 ➼ ᩍ ⫱ࡢ⌧ሙ࡛ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞❧ሙ࠿ࡽ㛗ᖺ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚ධヨ࡜㛵ࢃࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ㸱ேࡢࣃࢿࣜ
ࢫࢺ࡜⌧≧ࡢ㆟ㄽ࡟ὶࡉࢀࡎ࡟ࠊಠ▔ⓗ࡟ධヨࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆ⪃࠼ࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡜ ࡾ ࢃ ࡅ ࠊࡇ ࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ࡢ ㆟ ㄽ ࡣ ࠊධ ヨ ࡟ ࡤ ࠿ ࡾ ࢫ ࣏ ࢵ ࢺ ࣛ ࢖ ࢺ ࡀ ᙜ ࡓ ࡗ ࡚ ࠊࡑ ࡶ ࡑࡶᩍ⫱ไᗘ඲యࡢ୰࡛ධヨࢆ࡝࠺఩⨨࡙ࡅࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㆟ㄽ࡟ࡲ࡛ࡣ῝ࡲࡗ࡚ ࡇ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ᛮ ࠸ ࡲ ࡍ ࠋࡑ ࡇ ࡛ ࠊ௒ ᅇ ࡣ ఱ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ ࡟ ධ ヨ ࡀ ᚲ せ ࡞ ࡢ ࠿ ࡜ ࠸ࡗࡓཎⅬ࠿ࡽࡑࢀࡀᩍ⫱ࡢ୰㌟ࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡝࠺⏕࠿ࡏࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸ࡗࡓᒎᮃ
ࡲ࡛ࠊ࠶࠼࡚✵ㄽ࡟࡞ࡾࡀࡕ࡞ࢸ࣮࣐࡟ᣮᡓࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ๓ ༙ ࡢ ㆟ ㄽ ࡛ ࠊࡇ ࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ࡢ ධ ヨ ᨵ 㠉 ࡀ ᯝ ࡓ ࡏ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࡇ ࡜ ࡜ ࡣ ఱ ࠿ ࠊࡑ ࢀ ࡣ ࡞ࡐ ࠿ ࢆ ᥀ ࡾ ୗ ࡆ ࠊᚋ ༙ ࡢ ㆟ ㄽ ࡛ ࠊࠕ ධ ヨ ᨵ 㠉 ࡢ ᗙ ᶆ ㍈ ࠖ࡟ ᤣ ࠼ ࡿ ࡭ ࡁ ࡇ ࡜ ࡣ ఱ ࠿ ࠊ௒ ᚋ ࠊධ ヨ ᨵ 㠉 ࢆ ᮏ Ẽ ࡛ ᐇ ⾜ ࡍ ࡿ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ ࡞ ࡽ ࡤ ࠊఱ ࢆ ⪃ ࠼ ࡚ ࠾ ࠿ ࡞ ࡃ ࡚ ࡣ ࠸ ࡅ ࡞࠸ ࡢ ࠿ ࠊࡑ ࡢ ⣒ ཱྀ ࢆ ᥈ ࡾ ࡓ ࠸ ࡜ ᛮ ࠸ ࡲ ࡍ ࠋࣃ ࢿ ࣜ ࢫ ࢺ ྠ ኈ ࡢ ㆟ ㄽ ࡀ ୍ ẁ ⴠ ࡋ ࡲ ࡋࡓ ࡽ ࠊ఍ ሙ ࡟ ࠾ 㞟 ࡲ ࡾ ࡢ ᪉ ࠎ ࡜ ព ぢ ஺ ᥮ ࢆ ࡋ ࠊࡑ ࡢ ୰ ࠿ ࡽ ࠊ௒ ᚋ ࡬ ࡢ ࣄ ࣥ ࢺ ࢆ ᣢࡕᖐࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘࡟ࡋࡓ࠸࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
－93－ ࣃࢿࣝࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥ          ࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺ   ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤࣇ࢙࣮ࣟ㸭                  ๓ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ᨻ⟇ᒁ㛗  ྜ⏣ 㝯ྐ Ặ‫⏣ྜۑ‬Ặ ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤࡢྜ⏣࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࠕᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤࡢྜ⏣࡛ࡍࠖ࡜࠸࠺ྡ஌ࡾ᪉ࡀࠊࡲࡔࡕࡻࡗ࡜Ẽ᜝ࡎ࠿ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺࠿ࠊ័ࢀ࡞࠸
ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ᮶ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽࡣ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࠊධヨࢆලయⓗ࡟࡝࠺ࡍࡿ࠿ࢆ⮬ศ࡛⪃࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸❧ሙ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ⚾⮬㌟ࡣỴࡋ࡚௒ࠊࡈ⤂௓࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡞ධヨᨵ㠉ࢆㄒࡿ࡟ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸ே㛫࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿
ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡈᣦྡ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊົࡵࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸࡜
ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡎࠊࡉࡗࡁࡢኳ㔝ඛ⏕ࡢ࠾ヰ࡟௜ࡅຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡶ࠺඲ࡃ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡢ
࡛ࠊ⚾࡞ࡾ࡟ᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺ᩚ⌮ࡀ㸯ࡘ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺
ࡇ࡜ࢆࡈ⤂௓ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠕ௒࡞ࡐධヨᨵ㠉࡞ࡢ࠿ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽጞࡵࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ኳ㔝ඛ⏕࠿ࡽࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬࡜࠸࠺࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣᡂ㛗ᡓ␎࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡶྵࡵ࡚ࠊᅜ㝿➇தຊࢆࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ࡝࠺ࡸࡗ࡚㧗ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿࡜࠸
࠺ၥ㢟ព㆑ࡢ୰࡛㸯ࡘࠊ௒ࡢධヨࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡀࡇࢀ࡛࠸࠸ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ព㆑ࡀ࠶ࡿࢇࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡇࢀࡣࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ኱Ꮫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢၥ㢟࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶࠊ୍ᐃࡢࠊࡈࡃ㝈ࡽࢀࡓ኱Ꮫ࡟୺࡜ࡋ࡚࠿࠿ࢃࡿၥ㢟࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ
ࡇࡇ࡛㸯Ⅼ้ࡳ࡜࠿Ꮫຊ೫㔜࡜࠸ࡗࡓၥ㢟ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࢁ࠺࠿
࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ໬࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡇࢀࡣ➃ⓗ࡟ゝ࠼ࡤᏛຊపୗ࡜࠸
࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᏛຊపୗ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶ኱Ꮫ
ᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡿ࡟༑ศ࡞‽ഛࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ேࡓࡕࡀ኱Ꮫ࡟ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ㧗ᰯᩍ⫱࡟ࡲ࡛ࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࡀཬࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ
ࡇࢀࡶ඲㒊ࡢ኱Ꮫ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ໬ࡋࡓ኱Ꮫࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢၥ㢟ࡔ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡛ࡣࠊࠕ࢚࣮ࣜࢺࠖࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡜ࠕࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࠖࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟࠶ࡿࠕ࣐
ࢫࠖࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢၥ㢟ࡣఱ࡞ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᏛ㒊ᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ⓗࡀኚ໬ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠊࡑࡢࡇ࡜࡟ධヨࡀᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ

－95－࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡩ࠺࡟ᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚ࡣ࡝࠺࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡇࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࡣࠊධヨࡢᢏ⾡ⓗ࡞ၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣྛ኱Ꮫ࡛᪤࡟࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ᕤኵࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡚ࠊලయⓗ࡟ࠊᢏ⾡ⓗ࡟ၥ㢟࡟ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡼࡾࡶࠊࡶ࠺ᑡࡋᏛ㒊ᩍ⫱ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ㄽࢆࡁࡕࢇ࡜⪃࠼┤ࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡇࡇࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࡣ᫂☜࡟ࡣព㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞
࠸ࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࢁ࠺࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ྂ඾ⓗ࡟ࡣࠊᏛ㒊ᩍ⫱ࡣᏛၥࡢయ⣔ⓗ⥅ᢎࠊᏛ㒊࡜࠿Ꮫ⛉࡜࠿ࠊࡶࡗ࡜ゝ࠼ࡤㅮᗙ࡜࠿ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺⤌⧊ࡀ㔜せ࡞ព࿡ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ᫬௦ࡀࠊ♫఍ࡢồࡵࡿỗ⏝ⓗ⬟ຊࡢ⫱ᡂ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࠊᏛ఩ㄢ⛬࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿࡼ
࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ヰࡀࡸࡸࡇࡋ࠸ࡢࡣࠊ࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢᏛ㒊ᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ⓗࡣఱ࡞ࡢࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ
࡜࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡇࢀࡣ1907ᖺ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ᫂἞40ᖺ࡟᪂Ώᡞ✄㐀ࡀᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ⓗㄽࢆ᭩࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢᙜ᫬࠿ࡽࠊ᪂Ώᡞ✄㐀࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊୡ㛫࡛ࡣࠕ⫋ᴗࠖ࡟ྥࡅ࡚‽ഛࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡤ࠿ࡾᙉㄪࡋ㐣ࡂࡿࠊࡶࡗ࡜ࠕ㐨ᴦ࡛ࠖᏛၥࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ
࡜ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ࠋ௒ὶ࡟ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ▱ⓗ㛵ᚰ࡜࠿▱ⓗዲወᚰ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋࠕ⿦㣭࡛ࠖᏛၥࢆࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢࠕ⿦㣭ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡢ
ࡣᩍ㣴࡜࠿⤀ኈῄዪ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢႴࡳ࡜࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣே⏕ࢆ㇏࠿࡟ࡍࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓព
࿡ྜ࠸ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡲࡓࠊࠕ┿⌮᥈✲ࠖࡢࡓࡵ࡟Ꮫၥࢆࡍࡿࠋࡋ࠿
ࡋࠊ᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣࠕே᱁ಟ㣴࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞せ⣲ࡀ࡞࠸ࡲࡐ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊධヨ࡟ࡶࡑ࠺࠸࠺ᙳ㡪ࡀ᮶࡚ࠊே≀㔜ど࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀゝࢃࢀ࡚ࠊ⥲ྜⓗ࡟ே㛫ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࢇࡔ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㆟ㄽࡀ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ
࡝ࡶࠊࡑࡇࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࢆ࡝࠺ᩚ⌮ࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࡀࠊᐇࡣ኱ࡁ࡞ㄢ㢟࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿
࡞࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡛ࡣࠊ୍యࠕఱࡀᚲせ࠿ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ㑅ᢤ࠿ࡽ᥋⥆࡬ࠊࡇࢀࡣ୰ᩍᑂࡀ࠿ࡡ࡚࠿ࡽゝࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡋࠊ෌⏕఍㆟ࡶᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡣࡇࡢ❧ሙࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ୍యఱ࡜ఱࢆ᥋⥆ࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ㧗➼Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ୍యఱ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠋ㧗➼Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࠿ࡡ࡚࠿ࡽࠊᚋᮇ୰➼ᩍ⫱࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᛶ᱁࡜ࠊ኱Ꮫ‽ഛᩍ⫱࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᛶ᱁࡜ࡀ㸯ࡘࡢᏛᰯไᗘࡢ୰࡟ేᏑࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᛶ᱁ࡀᴟࡵ࡚᭕᫕࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋᏛ㒊ᩍ⫱࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ௒ᗘࡣ୍⯡ᩍ⫱࡜ᑓ㛛ᩍ⫱ࠊᪧไ㧗ᰯ࡜ᪧไࡢ኱Ꮫ࡜ࡀ㸯ࡘࡢไᗘࡢ୰࡟ేᏑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࠊࡘࡲࡾ㧗ᰯᩍ⫱࡜Ꮫ㒊ᩍ⫱ࢆ᥋⥆ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᤊ࠼᪉ࢆࡍ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜⮬యࡣࠊࡇࢀࡶ࠿ࡡ
࡚࠿ࡽ୰ᩍᑂ࡛ᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᨻ⟇ⓗ࡟⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࡇࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࢆࡶ࠺୍ᅇᤊ࠼┤ࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿
ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ⚾ࡢゝⴥ࡛ゝࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤࠊࠕ㧗➼Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᤊ࠼᪉ࢆ
ࡋ࡞࠸࡛ࠊࡴࡋࢁᗂ⛶ᅬ࠿ࡽ12Ꮫᖺࡲ࡛ࡢᬑ㏻ᩍ⫱ࡢ௙ୖࡆ࡜࠸࠺㒊ศ࡜ࠊࡑ－96－ࢀ࠿ࡽ኱Ꮫ㝔ࡲ࡛ど㔝࡟ධࢀࡓ㸲࣭㸰࣭㸱ไࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ᭱ึࡢẁ㝵࡜ࢆ࡝࠺ࡘ࡞ࡄ࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡇ
ࢀࡶ኱Ꮫࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ព࿡ྜ࠸ࡀ㐪ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ㒊ศࡣ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ
ᨻ⟇࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ᥋⥆ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᏛᰯไᗘࡢ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸
࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ୍᪉ࠊ኱Ꮫ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚᥋⥆ࡣࠊᴟ➃࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆゝ࠼ࡤࠊ኱Ꮫࡢᩘ×Ꮫ⏕ࡢᩘࡔࡅ࠶
ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩ࣏ࣙࣥࣜࢩ࣮ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚
࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ࡜࠿ࢹ࢕ࣉ࣐ࣟࡢ࣏ࣜࢩ࣮ࡢ᫂☜໬࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀゝࢃࢀࡿࢃࡅ
࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࠶ࢃࡏ࡚ධヨ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢୖ࡛ࠊᏛຊ೫㔜࠿ࡽ୎ᑀ࡞ධヨ࡬࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀゝࢃࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ୎ᑀ࡞ධヨ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ᭤⪅ࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾ
ࡲࡍࠋ ୎ᑀ࡞ධヨ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ୍యఱࡢࡇ࡜࡞ࡢ࠿ࠋࡇࢀࡶ௒ࡲ࡛⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ
࡞ᕤኵࡀࡉࢀ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ⦰ࡵ࡚ゝ࠺࡜ࠊㄪᰝ᭩࡜࠸࠺࠿ࠊኳ㔝ඛ⏕ࡢ࠾ゝⴥࢆ೉ࡾࢀࡤ㐣ཤࡢᡂ⦼࡜ࠊඹ㏻Ꮫຊࢸࢫࢺ࡜ࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ㠃᥋࡞࡝ࡢಶูࡢヨ㦂ࠊࡇࢀࢆ⥲ྜⓗ࡟ホ౯ࡍࡿࡢࡀ୎ᑀ࡞ධヨ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ
࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠕ⡿ᅜ࡛ࡣࠖ࡜࠸࠺ヰ࡟࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ⡿ᅜࡢ㸿㹍ධヨࡣ୎ᑀ࡞ධヨ࡞ࢇࡔࢁ࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡶኳ㔝ඛ⏕࠿ࡽ࠾ヰࡢ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜࠾ࡾࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ☜࠿࡟⥲ྜホ౯࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㛫㐪࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀ
ࡽࠊ⤫୍ⓗ࡞ࢼࢩࣙࢼ࣒ࣝ࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺๓ᥦ࡛ࠊࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ࠸ࢃ
ࡺࡿᏛຊヨ㦂ࠊࡇࢀࡣ㹑㸿㹒࡞࡝ࡶྵࡵ࡚Ꮫຊヨ㦂ࡢಙ㢗ᛶࡀప࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ๓ᥦ
࡟ࠊࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ኱㔞ࡢᚿ㢪⪅ࢆฎ⌮ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊุ
ᐃ᪉ἲࢆ࣐ࢽࣗ࢔ࣝ໬ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᩍဨࡀ࠸ࡕ࠸ࡕ㛵୚ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ஦ົⓗ࡟ฎ⌮࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺᪉ἲࢆ⦅ࡳฟࡉࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ୰
࡛ࠊ࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥ࢜ࣇ࢕ࢫࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡳࡓ࠸࡞ࡶࡢࡀࠊࡔࢇࡔࢇ࡟ࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࢵ
ࢩࣙࢼࣝ࡞ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡜ࡋ࡚⫱ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࢁ࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺ឤࡌࡀ
ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
 ࡇࡢⅬࡣࠊ௒᪥ࡣࡁࡗ࡜ᑓ㛛ᐙࡀࡓࡃࡉࢇ࠾ࡽࢀࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡢ㎶ࡢ⌮ゎࡀṇࡋ࠸࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡣࡲࡓᚋ࡯࡝ᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ
ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡘࡅຍ࠼ࡲࡍ࡜ࠊ⡿ᅜࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣᏛ⏕㞟ᅋ࡟ከᵝᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟኱஦࡛࠶ࡾࠊධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡣࣇ࢙࢔࡛࠶ࢀࡤ࠸࠸ࠋᏛຊ࡜࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᑗ᮶ࡢ
ྍ⬟ᛶࡳࡓ࠸࡞ࡶࡢࢆཝᐦ࡟ࠊṇ☜࡟ ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺๓ᥦ࡛ࡢࠊ
ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ඹ㏻⌮ゎࡢୖ࡟ᡂࡾ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ ࡑࢀ࡟ẚ࡭࡚᪥ᮏࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊ≉࡟୍㒊ࡢ㠀ᖖ࡟㑅ᢤᛶࡢ㧗࠸኱Ꮫ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊ
୎ᑀ࡞ධヨ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ࡜ࠊࡑࡢᐇ᪋ྍ⬟つᶍࡀᴟࡵ࡚㝈ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡲ
ࡍࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ࡝࠺ࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊホ౯ᑻᗘࡢከඖ໬࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ୍⯡ධ

－97－

ヨࢆ୍᪉࡛ࡸࡗ࡚࠾࠸࡚㸿㹍࡜࠿᥎⸀࡜࠿࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞᪉ἲࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿ࡜࠸
ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡑࡢホ౯ᑻᗘࢆከඖ໬ࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ࣐ࢫࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ࡣ᪤࡟࡯࡜ࢇ
࡝ᐇ⌧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋၥ㢟ࡣࠊ࢚࣮ࣜࢺࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛࡝ࡇࡲ࡛ࡢࠊ
ࡇࢀࡣᡭ㛫ࢆ࠿ࡅࡽࢀࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡶ࠶ࡿࡋࠊ♫఍ⓗ࡞ಙ㢗ࢆ⥔ᣢ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿
࡜࠸࠺୧᪉ࡢഃ㠃ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺㞴ࡋ࠸ၥ㢟࡟㐂╔ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ ୍᪉ࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ኱Ꮫ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡳࢀࡤࠊࡇࢀࡣࡶࡣࡸධヨ࡛ࡣࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢᏛຊ࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟࡟ࡣᑐᛂࡢࡋࡼ࠺ࡀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛
ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
 ᖹᡂ12ᖺࡢ⟅⏦ࠊࡇࢀࡣ࣐ࢫࢥ࣑➼࡛ࡶྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ
ࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞㆟ㄽࡢ୰࡛ࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢᡂ⦼ࡢ㈨᱁ヨ㦂ⓗ࡞ྲྀࡾᢅ࠸ࠊᖺᗘෆ」ᩘᅇᐇ᪋࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀᥦゝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠶ࢃࡏ࡚ࠊྛ኱Ꮫࡢ
ಶูヨ㦂࡛ࡣホ౯ᑻᗘࡢከඖ໬ࢆࡍࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀᥦゝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃ
ࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡇࢀ࡜࠶ࢃࡏ࡚ࠊ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ၥ㢟࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ヨ㦂ࡢලయⓗ࡞᳨ウࢆࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᚑ᮶࡝࠾ࡾࡢᩍ⛉࣭⛉┠ࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿‽ᣐࡢヨ㦂࡜࠸࠺ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊᩍ⛉ࢆࡲࡓࡀࡿࠊࡶࡗ࡜ゝ࠼ࡤ௒ࡲ࡛ゝ࠺ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮࣮࣋ࢫࡢヨ㦂ࡳࡓ࠸࡞ࡶࡢࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀᥦゝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࡢ㈨᱁ヨ㦂ⓗྲྀࡾᢅ࠸ࡶᖺᗘෆ」ᩘᅇᐇ᪋ࡶࠊᐇࡣᐇ⌧ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࡞ࡐᐇ⌧ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࢆࡁࡕࢇ࡜᳨ドࡋ࡚ࡳࡿᚲ
せࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᙜ᫬ࡣࠊᐇࡣᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉ᅜẸ఍㆟ࡀ୪⾜ࡋ࡚㉮ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ⟅⏦ࡢ┤ᚋ࡟ᅜẸ఍㆟ࡢ᭱⤊ሗ࿌ࡀฟࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡣࠊᐇࡣධヨࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ɔ࡜ゝ࠺࡜ゝ࠸㐣ࡂ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࠶ࡲࡾゐࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ
୰ᩍᑂࡢ⟅⏦࡛ࠊ㧗ᰯഃ࡜኱Ꮫഃ࡜࡛༠㆟ࡢሙࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࡇࢀࡽࡢၥ
㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚༠㆟ࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡩ࠺࡟ᢞࡆࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࡢ༠㆟఍ࡀ⤖ᒁࠊ⤖ㄽࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡟⮳ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺⤒⦋ࢆࡓ࡝ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ௒ᅇࡣࠊᩍ⫱෌⏕ᐇ⾜఍㆟ࡀᥦゝࡋ࡚୰ᩍᑂ࡟ᢞࡆࡓ࡜࠸࠺᱁ዲ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸
ࡲࡍࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ୰ᩍᑂ࡛࡝࠺࠸࠺㆟ㄽࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿ࡀ࣏࢖
ࣥࢺ࡟࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ᨵ㠉࡬ࡢໃ࠸ࢆᣢ⥆ࡉࡏࡿࠊࡇࢀࡣࡶ
࠺㛗࠸ᮇ㛫ࡢດຊࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࢀࢆ࡝࠺ࡸࡗ࡚ᣢ⥆ࡉࡏࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡜ࠊෑ㢌ゝ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ༢࡟㧗ᰯ࡜኱Ꮫࢆࡘ࡞ࡆࡿ࡜࠸࠺
ࡇ࡜ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ࠊᏛᰯᩍ⫱ไᗘࢆ෌ᵓ⠏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺❧⬮Ⅼࡀᚲせ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞
࠸࠿ࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽᏛไᨵ㠉ࡢ㆟ㄽࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿ࡜⪺࠸࡚࠾ࡾࡲ
ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊධヨᨵ㠉ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿព࿡࡛ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟࠸࠸ࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸
࠺ឤࡌࡶࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

－98－ ࡲࡎ⚾࠿ࡽࠊ୍㏻ࡾࡢⓎ⾲࡜ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ྎᮏୖ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢࡲࡲⲨ஭ࡉࢇ࠿ࡽ࠾ヰࡋ࠸ࡓࡔࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍ
ࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡏࡗ࠿ࡃၥ㢟ᥦ㉳ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊኳ㔝ࡉࢇࠊⲨ஭ࡉࢇ࠿ࡽ୍ゝࡎࡘ௒ࡢྜ⏣ࡉࢇࡢ࠾ヰ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓୖ࡛ࠊⲨ஭ࡉࢇࡢࣉࣞࢮ
ࣥ࡟⛣ࡾࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ௒ࡢ࠾ヰࡢ୰࡟ࡣከᵝ࡞せ⣲ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ୍ゝࡎࡘࠊࡇࡇࢆ⪺࠸࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ࠾ヰࡋ࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡲࡍ࠿ࠋ
‫ۑ‬ኳ㔝Ặ ྜ⏣ࡉࢇࡣ≉࡟㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡀࡈᑓ㛛ࡢ⾜ᨻᐁ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㛗ࡃ௙஦ࢆࡋ࡚
ࡇࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ᭱ᚋࡢࠊ12ᖺ⟅⏦ࡣ࡞ࡐᐇ⌧ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࡝࠺࠸
࠺࣏࢖ࣥࢺࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡿ࡜࠶ࡾࡀࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠋ⚾ࡣ2008ᖺࡢ⟅⏦࡟ࡣゐࢀࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊᖹᡂ12ᖺ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ……
‫⏣ྜۑ‬Ặ 2008ᖺࡢ๓ࠊ2000ᖺ࡛ࡍࠋ‫ۑ‬ኳ㔝Ặ ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ࠿ࠋࡑࡢᙜ᫬ࡇ࠺࠸࠺ヰ㢟ࡀᣢࡕୖࡀࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ࠺ࡗࡍࡽ
࡜グ᠈ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࡝࠺࠸࠺ᡭ⥆ࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ᐇ⌧ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࠿
ࢆࡶ࠺ᑡࡋᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡿ࡜࠶ࡾࡀࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠋ
‫⏣ྜۑ‬Ặ ⌧㇟㠃࡛ゝ࠺࡜ࠊ2000ᖺɔᖹᡂ12ᖺ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࢆᛮ࠸ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃ
࡜ࠊᖹᡂ13ᖺࠊࡘࡲࡾ2001ᖺ࠿ࡽࠊᶵᵓᨵ㠉࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᩥ㒊┬࡜⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ᗇࡀ⤫ྜࡋࠊᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡢ㝿ࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛኱Ꮫㄢ࡟࠶ࡗࡓ኱Ꮫධヨᐊࡀᖹᡂ13ᖺ㸯᭶࡟Ꮫ⏕ㄢ࡟⛣⟶࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚༠㆟ࡢሙࡶࠊ➨㸯ᅇࡣ኱Ꮫㄢ
࡛ࡸࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ➨㸰ᅇ௨㝆ࡣᏛ⏕ㄢࡀᢸᙜࡋࡓࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠊᖹᡂ13ᖺ࡟ᗄࡘ࠿ࡢᅜ❧኱Ꮫ࡛❧࡚⥆ࡅ࡟ධヨࡢ࣑ࢫࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚ࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟♫఍ၥ㢟໬ࡋࡓࠋධヨᐊ࡛ࡣࡑࡕࡽࡢᑐᛂ࡟㏣ࢃࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋ ୍᪉ࠊ኱Ꮫㄢࡢ࡯࠺ࡣࠊ௒ᗘࡣᅜ❧኱Ꮫࡢἲே໬ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡑࡕࡽࡢ
ᑐᛂ࡟㏣ࢃࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀࠊ⌧㇟㠃ࡔࡅぢࡿ࡜ࡑ࠺࠸࠺୰࡛ࠊࡶ࡜ࡶ
࡜኱Ꮫഃࡶ㧗ᰯഃࡶ࠶ࡲࡾ✚ᴟⓗ࡛࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠊ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜୰ᩍᑂ୺ᑟ࡛
㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㆟ㄽࡀࠊࡕࡻࡗ࡜⾜ࡁワࡲࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝
ࡶࠊ௒࠿ࡽᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ࡜ࠊࡶࡋࡇࢀࡀᅜẸ఍㆟࡛ᥦ᱌ࡉࢀ࡚୰ᩍᑂ࡛ᣠ࠺࡜࠸࠺
㡰ᗎ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡽࠊࡶ࠺ࡕࡻࡗ࡜㐪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࠿࡞࡜࠸࠺ឤࡌࡀࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊࡑࡢ๓ࡢᖺࠊᖹᡂ11ᖺ࡟᥋⥆࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⟅⏦ࡀฟ࡚ࠊ௒ࡲ࡛ࡢࡼ࠺
࡟㧗ᰯࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚኱Ꮫࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚㛫࡟ධヨࡀ࠶ࡿࠊࡑࡇ࡛㑅ᢤࢆࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᤊ࠼᪉
࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ㑅ᢤ࠿ࡽ᥋⥆࡬࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉࡟ษࡾ࠿࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺
⟅⏦ࡀฟ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆཷࡅ࡚ධヨࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⟅⏦ࡀฟࡓ࡜࠸࠺ὶࢀࡢ୰
࡛ࠊ⌧ሙࡀ༑ศɔኳ㔝ඛ⏕ࡢࡈグ᠈࡟ࡶ࠺ࡗࡍࡽ࡜ࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࡃࡽ࠸࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ
ከศࡑࡢ㆟ㄽࡢ᥀ࡾ㉳ࡇࡋࡀ୙༑ศ࡞ࡲࡲ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸
࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ

－99－‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ࡞࠿࡞࠿ゝ࠸ᅇࡋࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⚾ࡣࠊᨻ἞ࡢ㛵ᚰࡶࡸࡸⷧ࠿ࡗࡓ࠿࡞࡜࠸࠺༳㇟ࡀ࠶ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑ
ࡇࡣ࠸࠿ࡀ࡛ࡍ࠿ࠋゝ࠼ࡿ⠊ᅖ࡛ࠋ‫⏣ྜۑ‬Ặ ࡑࡢ࡜࠾ࡾࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊᅜẸ఍㆟⮬㌟ࡀࠊࠕ࡜ࡾ࠶࠼ࡎᖜᗈࡃࠊ௬ධᏛ࡟ࡋ࡚࠾࠸࡚ࠊ
㸯ᖺࡓࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࡘ࠸࡚⾜ࡅ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ࡽ୙ྜ᱁࡟ࡍࢀࡤ࠸࠸࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠖ
ࡳࡓ࠸࡞㆟ㄽࡣࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊධヨ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࢆ࡝࠺ࡍࡿ࡜
࠿」ᩘᅇᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᅜẸ఍㆟⮬㌟ࡣࡑࢇ࡞࡟㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ Ⲩ஭ࡉࢇࠊ࠸࠿ࡀ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ
‫Ⲩۑ‬஭Ặ ู࡞ヰ㢟࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊྜ⏣ࡉࢇࡀ㸱ᯛ┠ࡢࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ࡛࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗ
ࡓࠊ⡿ᅜࡢ㸿㹍ධヨࡣ୎ᑀ࡞ධヨ࡞ࡢ࠿㸽࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ᥦ㉳࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀ
ࡣᡃࡀពࢆᚓࡓࡾ࡜࠸࠺ឤ᝿࡛ࡍࠋ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣࠊ࡝࠺ࡶ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ኱Ꮫධヨࡀ⌮᝿ⓗ࡞ไᗘࡢࡼ࠺࡟ཷࡅṆࡵࡽࢀࠊࡲࡓㄒࡽࢀࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ࢔ࢻ࣑
ࢵࢩࣙࣥࢬ࣭࢜ࣇ࢕ࢧ࣮ࡀ㸯ே࡛㢪᭩ࢆ2,000㏻ࡶ3,000㏻ࡶㄞࡲ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ
࡞࠸࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥࢬ࣭࢜ࣇ࢕ࢫࡢసᴗࡀᮏᙜ࡟୎ᑀ࡞ධヨ࡞ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜
࡟ࡣࡎࡗ࡜␲ၥࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ⡿ᅜࡢ࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥࢬ࣭࢜ࣇ࢕ࢫ࡞࡝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊࡑࡢ࡜ࡁ࡝ࡁ࡟ㄪᰝࡸ᳨ウࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ࡞ࡐ࠿ࠊ⡿ᅜࡢධヨࡀ⌮᝿ⓗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓ୎ᑀ࡞
ධヨ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ᗁ᝿࠿ࡽ⮬⏤࡟࡞ࢀ࡞࠸ࡲࡲ㆟ㄽࡀ⥆࠸࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡟
ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡶ࠺ᑡࡋྜ⏣ࡉࢇ࠿ࡽࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡅ࡞࠸
࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ⚾ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ࡛ࡍࠋ
‫⏣ྜۑ‬Ặ ࡈࡃᙧᘧⓗ࡟ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ㧗ᰯࡢ࡜ࡁࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞グ㘓࡜ඹ㏻Ꮫຊࢸࢫ
ࢺࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓୖ࡛ࠊࡉࡽ࡟᥎⸀᭩ࡔ࡜࠿ᑠㄽᩥࡔ࡜࠿ࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ᭩㠃ࢆ⥲ྜⓗ࡟ぢุ࡚ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢᑓ㛛ࡢ㒊⨫ࢆ⨨࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࡣࠊ୎
ᑀ࡞ධヨ࡜࠸࠺ᙧᘧⓗせ௳ࡣᥞ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࡡࠋࡓࡔࠊᐇ㝿ࡑࡇ࡛㠀ᖖ࡟኱㔞ࡢ㢪᭩ࡢ᣺ࡾศࡅࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࡑࢇ࡞࡟୎
ᑀ࡟ࠊ୍ࡘ୍ࡘྫྷ࿡ࢆࡋࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ேࡀ㆟ㄽࢆࡋ࡚࡝࠺ࡋࡼ࠺࠿Ỵࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣ࡜࡚ࡶᛮ࠼࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊࡶࡋࡈᏑࡌࡢ᪉ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡽᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁ
ࡓ࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ┦ᙜ⛬ᗘุᐃᇶ‽ࡀ࣐ࢽࣗ࢔ࣝ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢุᐃ
ᇶ‽࡟↷ࡽࡏࡤࡔࢀ࡛ࡶ༶ᗙ࡟ࠊ༶ᗙ࡟࡜ࡣゝࢃ࡞࠸ࡲ࡛ࡶࠊ┦ᙜ㒊ศࡣᙧᘧⓗ࡟ุᐃࡀࡘ࠸࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠊࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ௙⤌ࡳࡀ࡛ࡁୖࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࢁ
࠺࠿࡜᝿ീࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑࡇࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࡣࣈࣛࢵࢡ࣎ࢵࢡࢫ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚
࠸࡚ࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶ༑ศࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ኱Ꮫ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡸࡾ᪉ࡶ㐪࠺࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࡋࠊࡼࡃ
ぢ࠼࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ

－100－ ࡼࡃぢ࠼࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡟ࠊእᙧⓗ࡞せ⣲ࡔࡅ࡛ぢࢀࡤ㠀ᖖ࡟୎ᑀ࡟ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࠼ࡿࠊ⌮᝿ⓗ࡟ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࢁ࠺࠿
࡞࡜࠸࠺ឤࡌࡀࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
‫Ⲩۑ‬஭Ặ ࡔ࠸ࡪ๓࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥࢬ࣭࢜ࣇ࢕ࢫࡢᐇែ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᩥ
⊩ࢆㄪ࡭ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ1980ᖺ௦ᙜ᫬ࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ㸿㸿㹁㹐㸿㹍࡜࠸࠺࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥࢬ࣭࢜ࣇ࢕ࢧ࣮ࡢᅋయࡀ඲⡿ࡢ኱Ꮫࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࡋ࡚࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓㄪᰝ
࡛ࡋࡓࠋ࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥࢬ࣭࢜ࣇ࢕ࢫࢆ⊂❧ࡋࡓ㒊⨫࣭⤌⧊࡜ࡋ࡚タࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆᑜࡡࡓ㉁ၥ࡛ࠊ⊂❧㒊⨫ࢆタࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⟅࠼ࡓ኱Ꮫࡣ50㸣ྎ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡑࢀࡶ⚾❧኱Ꮫ࡟೫ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊබ❧኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚ࣞࢪࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ㸦Ꮫ
⡠Ⓩ㘓㸧࡜࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆྠࡌ⤌⧊ࠊ㒊⨫࡛ᢅࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ኱Ꮫࡀከ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸
࠺⤖ᯝ࡛ࡍࠋ እᅜࡢධᏛ஦᝟࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ㄪᰝࡣࠊⴭྡ࡞኱Ꮫࢆゼၥࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸࡛ࡍ
࠿ࡽࠊ≉ᐃࡢ኱Ꮫ࡟࠶ࡿ஦ᐇࡀ୍⯡໬ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ഴྥࡀࡋࡤࡋࡤ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
ࡑࡋ࡚༳㇟ࡶᙉ࠸ࠋ࠶ࡿሗ࿌᭩࡟ࠊ࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥࢬ࣭࢜ࣇ࢕ࢫࡣ⡿ᅜ࡛ࡶࡑࢀ࡯࡝ᬑཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊ࡜᭩࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝㆟ㄽ࡟࡞ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡛ࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᚋ࡯࡝ࡇࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡲࡓࡌࡗࡃࡾ࡜㆟ㄽࡍࡿሙ࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸
ࡲࡍࠋ


－101－

－103－

㸺ྜ⏣㝯ྐẶ㈨ᩱ㸼Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ἲ㸦᫛࿴ 22 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 31 ᪥ἲᚊ➨ 26 ྕ㸧➨ 50 ᮲ 㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡣࠊ୰Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍ⫱ࡢᇶ♏ࡢୖ࡟ࠊᚰ㌟ࡢⓎ㐩ཬࡧ㐍㊰࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ࠊ
㧗ᗘ࡞ᬑ㏻ᩍ⫱ཬࡧᑓ㛛ᩍ⫱ࢆ᪋ࡍࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ➨ 83 ᮲ ኱ᏛࡣࠊᏛ⾡ࡢ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᗈࡃ▱㆑ࢆᤵࡅࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ῝ࡃᑓ㛛ࡢᏛⱁࢆᩍᤵ
◊✲ࡋࠊ▱ⓗࠊ㐨ᚨⓗཬࡧᛂ⏝ⓗ⬟ຊࢆᒎ㛤ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ➨ 99 ᮲ ኱Ꮫ㝔ࡣࠊᏛ⾡ࡢ⌮ㄽཬࡧᛂ⏝ࢆᩍᤵ◊✲ࡋࠊࡑࡢ῝ዟࢆࡁࢃࡵࠊཪࡣ㧗ᗘࡢᑓ㛛ᛶࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ⫋ᴗࢆᢸ࠺ࡓࡵࡢ῝࠸Ꮫ㆑ཬࡧ༟㉺ࡋࡓ⬟ຊࢆᇵ࠸ࠊᩥ໬ࡢ㐍ᒎ࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋᩍ⫱᣺⯆ᇶᮏィ⏬㸦ᖹᡂ 25 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 14 ᪥㛶㆟Ỵᐃ㸧ᇶᮏ᪋⟇㸯 ☜࠿࡞Ꮫຊࢆ㌟࡟௜ࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢᩍ⫱ෆᐜ࣭᪉ἲࡢ඘ᐇ
࠙ᇶᮏⓗ⪃࠼᪉ࠚ‫ ۑ‬Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡓࡕ࡟ᇶ♏ⓗ࣭ᇶᮏⓗ࡞▱㆑࣭ᢏ⬟࡜ᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊ➼㸪୺యⓗ࡟Ꮫ⩦࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴែᗘ࡞࡝ࡢ☜࠿࡞Ꮫຊࢆ㌟࡟௜ࡅࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᩍ⫱ෆᐜ࣭᪉ἲࡢ୍ᒙࡢ඘ᐇࢆ
ᅗࡿࠋࡑࡢ㝿㸪≉࡟㸪⮬ࡽㄢ㢟ࢆⓎぢࡋゎỴࡍࡿຊ㸪௚⪅࡜༠ാࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮
ࢩࣙࣥ⬟ຊ㸪≀஦ࢆከᵝ࡞ほⅬ࠿ࡽㄽ⌮ⓗ࡟⪃ᐹࡍࡿຊ࡞࡝ࡢ⫱ᡂࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࠋ‫ࡵࡓࡢࡇ ۑ‬㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦ࡸ㹇㹁㹒ࡢά⏝➼࡟ࡼࡿ༠ാᆺ࣭཮᪉ྥᆺࡢᤵᴗ࡬ࡢ㠉᪂㸪Ꮫᰯ࡜ᐙᗞ࣭ᆅᇦ࡜ࡢ㐃ᦠࡢ᥎㐍ࢆᅗࡾࡘࡘ㸪᪂Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࢆ╔ᐇ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪㧗➼Ꮫᰯẁ㝵࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㧗ᰯ⏕࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᇶ♏ⓗ࣭ᇶᮏⓗ࡞Ꮫຊࢆ☜ᐇ࡟㌟࡟௜ࡅࡉࡏࡿࡓ
ࡵ㸪⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ࡢ฿㐩ᗘࢆ㐺ษ࡟ᢕᥱࡍࡿ௙⤌ࡳࢆᑟධࡍࡿ࡞࡝㸪㧗➼Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࡢ㉁ಖド࡟ྥࡅࡓྲྀ⤌ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ྛᏛᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᆅᇦࡢᐇ᝟ࡸ⏕ᚐࡢᐇែࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓ⫱ᡂ
ࡍ࡭ࡁ㈨㉁࣭⬟ຊ࡟ᛂࡌࡓࡁࡵ⣽࠿࠸᪋⟇ࢆㅮࡌࡿࠋ
࠙୺࡞ྲྀ⤌ࠚ㸯㸫㸱 㧗➼Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࡢᨵၿ࣭඘ᐇ
࣭㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪㧗ᰯ⏕࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᇶ♏ⓗ࣭ᇶᮏⓗ࡞Ꮫຊࢆ☜ᐇ࡟㌟࡟௜ࡅࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ㸪⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ࡢ฿㐩ᗘࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ࢸࢫࢺࡢᑟධ࡟ྥࡅࡓྲྀ⤌ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ᩍ⛉࣭⛉┠ࡢ≉ᛶࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡘࡘ㸪ᢏ⬟᳨ᐃࡢά⏝➼ࢆಁ㐍ࡋ㸪ᐈほⓗ࡞ᢕᥱ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃホ౯ࡢ඘ᐇࢆᅗࡿࠋ
࣭ࡉࡽ࡟㸪㧗➼Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㌟࡟௜ࡅࡿ࡭ࡁ㈨㉁࣭⬟ຊࢆከ㠃ⓗ࡟ホ౯ࡍࡿᡭἲ࡟ࡘ
࠸࡚ㄪᰝ◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࠋ－104－㸺ྜ⏣㝯ྐẶ㈨ᩱ㸼ᇶᮏ᪋⟇㸯㸮 Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢᡂ㛗࡟ᛂࡌࡓᰂ㌾࡞ᩍ⫱ࢩࢫࢸ࣒➼ࡢᵓ⠏࠙ᇶᮏⓗ⪃࠼᪉ࠚ‫ྛ ۑ‬Ꮫᰯẁ㝵㛫ࡢ෇⁥࡞㐃ᦠ࣭᥋⥆ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪㸴࣭㸱࣭㸱࣭㸲ไࡢᅾࡾ᪉࡟ࡘ
࠸࡚ᖜᗈࡃ᳨ウࢆ㐍ࡵ㸪ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢᡂ㛗࡟ᛂࡌࡓᰂ㌾࡞ᩍ⫱ࢩࢫࢸ࣒➼ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࠋ‫ࡓࡲ ۑ‬㸪㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡜኱Ꮫ࡜ࡢ᥋⥆࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㧗➼Ꮫᰯẁ㝵ࡢᩍ⫱ࡢ㉁ࡢ☜ಖ㸪኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ẁ㝵ࡢᩍ⫱Ỉ‽➼ࡢホ౯ࡸ኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫᕼᮃ⪅ࡢ⬟ຊ㐺ᛶࡢุᐃ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪኱Ꮫධヨࡢ୍Ⅼ࡟ồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᐇែࢆᨵࡵ㸪Ⅼ࠿ࡽࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟ࡼࡿ㉁ಖドࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ᇶᮏ᪋⟇㸵࠿ࡽ㸷࡛ᥖࡆࡓ㧗➼Ꮫᰯཬࡧ኱Ꮫࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢẁ㝵࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㉁ಖド➼࡟ಀࡿ᳨ウ࡜࠶ࢃࡏ࡚㸪ᚿ㢪⪅ࡢពḧ㸪⬟ຊ㸪㐺ᛶ➼ࡢከ㠃ⓗ㸪⥲ྜⓗ࡞ホ౯࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ
኱ᏛධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ࡟㌿᥮ࡍࡿࠋྠ᫬࡟㸪㧗኱㐃ᦠࡢྲྀ⤌ࡢಁ㐍ࡸ㣕ࡧධᏛ➼ࡢᬑཬᣑ኱ࢆᅗ
ࡿࠋ࠙୺࡞ྲྀ⤌ࠚ
㸯㸮㸫㸯 Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢᡂ㛗࡟ᛂࡌࡓᰂ㌾࡞ᩍ⫱ࢩࢫࢸ࣒➼ࡢᵓ⠏࣭ᗂඣᮇࡢᩍ⫱࡜ᑠᏛᰯᩍ⫱ࡢ෇⁥࡞᥋⥆ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ㸪ྛᏛᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬⦅ᡂࡸᣦᑟ
᪉ἲࡢᕤኵࢆಁࡍ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ᗂඣ࡜ඣ❺ࡢ஺ὶࡸᩍဨ࡟ࡼࡿྜྠ◊ಟ࡞࡝㸪ಖᗂᑠ㐃ᦠࡢྲྀ⤌ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࠋ
࣭ᑠᏛᰯᩍ⫱࠿ࡽ୰Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱࡬ࡢ෇⁥࡞᥋⥆ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ㸪⩏ົᩍ⫱㸷ᖺ㛫ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ඣ❺⏕ᚐ
ࡢⓎ㐩࡟ྜࡗࡓᏛࡧࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᑠ୰୍㈏ᩍ⫱࡟㛵ࡍࡿᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࡢᇶ‽ࡢ≉౛㸪ᑠ୰㐃ᦠࢥ࣮ࢹ࢕ࢿ࣮ࢱ࣮ࡸᑠ୰㐃ᦠ୍࣭㈏ᩍ⫱ࡢྲྀ⤌஦౛㞟ࡢά⏝➼ࢆᅗࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ྛᏛᰯࡸᕷ⏫ᮧ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑠ୰୍㈏ᩍ⫱ࡢྲྀ⤌ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࠋ࣭୰㧗୍㈏ᩍ⫱ᰯ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ྛᏛᰯ࡟㸴ᖺ㛫ࢆぢ㏻ࡋࡓ≉Ⰽ࠶ࡿᩍ⫱ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
ᮃࡲࢀࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿➼ࡢᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࡢᇶ‽ࡢ≉౛ࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ≉Ⰽ࠶ࡿඃࢀࡓ࢝
࣒ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢㄪᰝ◊✲ࡸࡑࡢᡂᯝࡢᬑཬ࡞࡝ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪ྛᏛᰯࡸྛ㒔㐨ᗓ┴➼࡟࠾ࡅࡿ୰
㧗୍㈏ᩍ⫱ࡢྲྀ⤌ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࠋ࣭ྛ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࣭኱Ꮫ➼࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪⏕ᚐࡢ⬟ຊ࣭ពḧ➼࡟ᛂࡌ㸪㣕ࡧධᏛࡸ㧗኱㐃ᦠ࡟ಀࡿ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ㛤Ⓨ㸪ᤵᴗᨵၿ➼ࡢྛ✀ࡢྲྀ⤌ࢆ㐺ษ࠿ࡘ⥲ྜⓗ࡟ά⏝ࡋ㸪୍ே୍ேࡢ⬟ຊࢆఙࡤࡍࡓࡵ࡟ᚲせ࡞᝟ሗࡢᥦ౪➼ࡢ⎔ቃᩚഛ࡟ດࡵࡿࠋ
≉࡟኱Ꮫ࡬ࡢ㣕ࡧධᏛ㸪㧗➼Ꮫᰯẁ㝵࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᪩ᮇ༞ᴗ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᇶᮏ᪋⟇㸯㸲㸫㸯࡟グ㍕ࡋࡓྲྀ⤌ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࠋ࣭Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢᡂ㛗࡟ᛂࡌࡓᰂ㌾࡞ᩍ⫱ࢩࢫࢸ࣒➼ࡢᵓ⠏࡟ྥࡅ࡚㸪㸴࣭㸱࣭㸱࣭㸲ไ㸦Ꮫไ㸧ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࢆྵࡵ㸪Ꮫᰯไᗘࡸࡑࡢ㐠⏝➼࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ◊✲ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ≧ἣ➼ࡶ㋃ࡲ࠼
࡞ࡀࡽᖜᗈࡃ᳨ウࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࠋ࣭ࡲࡓ㸪ከᵝ࡞㑅ᢥࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿᩍ⫱య⣔ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿほⅬ࠿ࡽ㸪㧗➼ᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⫋ᴗᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱࡟≉໬ࡋࡓ᪂ࡓ࡞ᯟ⤌ࡳ࡙ࡃࡾ࡟ྥࡅ࡚㸪ᇶᮏ᪋⟇㸯㸱㸫㸱࡟グ㍕ࡋࡓྲྀ⤌ࢆ
㐍ࡵࡿࠋ

－105－

㸺ྜ⏣㝯ྐẶ㈨ᩱ㸼㸯㸮㸫㸰 㧗኱᥋⥆࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕⅬ࠿ࡽࣉࣟࢭࢫࠖ࡟ࡼࡿ㉁ಖドࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡬ࡢ㌿᥮࣭኱ᏛධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢᨵၿࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡍࡿ㧗➼Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱࡜኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࡢ෇⁥࡞᥋⥆࡜㐃ᦠࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪Ⅼ࠿ࡽࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟ࡼࡿ㉁ಖドࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡬ࡢ㌿᥮ࢆᅗࡿࠋ
࣭㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㧗ᰯ⏕࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᇶ♏ⓗ࣭ᇶᮏⓗ࡞Ꮫຊࢆ☜ᐇ࡟㌟࡟௜ࡅࡉࡏࡿࡓ
ࡵ㸪⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ࡢ฿㐩ᗘࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ࢸࢫࢺࡢᑟධ࡟ྥࡅࡓྲྀ⤌ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ࡞࡝㸪ᇶᮏ᪋⟇㸯㸫㸱࡟グ㍕ࡋࡓྲྀ⤌ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࠋ኱Ꮫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᅾᏛ୰ࡢᏛಟᡂᯝࢆ᫂☜໬ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪࢔ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࢸࢫࢺࡢά⏝ࡸᏛಟ≧ἣㄪᰝ➼㸪ከඖⓗ࡞Ꮫ⏕ࡢᏛಟᡂᯝࡢホ౯ᡭἲࡢ◊✲࣭㛤Ⓨࢆ㛵ಀᶵ㛵࡜࡜ࡶ࡟᥎㐍ࡍࡿࠋ㸦ᇶᮏ᪋⟇㸶㸫㸱ཧ↷㸧ࡇࢀࡽࡢྲྀ⤌࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ୖグࡢ㧗➼Ꮫᰯẁ㝵࡛ࡢᏛ⩦฿㐩ᗘࢸࢫࢺࡢ⤖ᯝࡢධヨ࡟࠾ࡅࡿά⏝ࡸࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝேᮦ⫱ᡂࡢࡓࡵࡢධヨࡢᨵၿ࡞࡝ࢆྵࡵ㸪኱Ꮫධヨไᗘࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡢぢ┤ࡋ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࢆ㐍ࡵ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ኱Ꮫࡢྲྀ⤌ࢆಁ㐍ࡋ㸪ධヨࡢᢤᮏⓗ࡞ᨵ㠉ࢆ╔ᐇ࡟㐍ࡵࡿࠋ‫ ڦ‬ᅜ❧኱࡛┦ḟࡄධヨ࣑ࢫ㸭ཷ㦂⏕⋓ᚓ➇தࡢ࠶࠾ࡾࡶ㸦ᮾዟ᪥ሗ 2001 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 20 ᪥㸧 ᒣᙧ኱ࠊᐩᒣ኱ࠊ㔠ἑ኱࡛┦ḟ࠸࡛Ⓨぬࡋࡓධヨ࣑ࢫࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ༢⣧࡞ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮タᐃࡢㄗࡾࡀཎᅉࡔࡗࡓࠋᏛෆ࡛ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ༑ศࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࡏࡎࠊ࣑ࢫࡀ⣲㏻ࡾࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ
࠺ᅜ❧኱ධヨࡢ࠾ᐮ࠸ᐇែࡀᾋ࠿ࡪࠋཷ㦂⏕㞟ࡵࢆ≺ࡗ࡚ධヨࢆከᵝ໬ࡉࡏࡓ࠶࠾ࡾ࡛ᩍ
ဨࡽࡢ௙஦ࡣቑ࠼⥆ࡅ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᅜ❧኱ࡢᩍဨ࠿ࡽࡣࠕ࡝ࡇ࡛ࡶ㉳ࡇࡾᚓࡿࠖ࡜ࡢኌࡶୖࡀ
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ‫ۃ‬㛫㐪࠺ࡣࡎ࡞࠸ ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢᅜㄒ࡛⌧௦ᩥࡢᚓⅬࡔࡅࢆ஧ಸ࡟ࡍࡿࡣࡎ࡞ࡢ࡟ࠊྂ඾ࡢศࡶ
ྵࡵ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ㸦ᒣᙧ኱㸧ࠋ୕኱Ꮫࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓึṌⓗ࡞ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒࣑ࣛࢫ࡛
᥇Ⅼࢆ㛫㐪࠼ࡓࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢࢳ࢙ࢵࢡែໃࡣࠊ㔠ἑ኱࡛ࡣᩘᏐࢆධຊࡋ࡚ࡳࡓࡔࡅ࡛ᡭసᴗ࡛ࡢ
㞟ィ࡜ࡢ↷ྜࡶ࡞ࡋࠋᐩᒣ኱ࡣ⛉┠ᵓᡂࡢ㐪࠺๓ᖺᗘࡢᚓⅬࢹ࣮ࢱࢆධࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺඲ࡃព
࿡ࡢ࡞࠸సᴗࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ᙜ᫬ࠊධヨ㈐௵⪅ࡔࡗࡓ኱ሙ⩏ᶞ࣭㔠ἑ኱ྡ㄃ᩍᤵࡣࠕࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࡣ㛫㐪࠼࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ព㆑ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠖ࡜཯┬ࡍࡿࡀࠊ኱ᡭணഛᰯࡢᢸᙜ⪅ࡣࠕಙࡌࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ึṌⓗ࣑ࢫࠖࠕ◊✲࡟ࡤ࠿ࡾ⇕ᚰ࡛ධヨࡣవศ࡞௙஦࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣࠖ࡜ᡭཝࡋ࠸ࠋ
‫ۃ‬஌ࡾ㐜ࢀࡿ࡞ ୕኱Ꮫࡢ࣑ࢫⓎぬᚋ㛤࠿ࢀࡓࠊᮾ᪥ᮏࡢ࠶ࡿᅜ❧኱࡛ࡢ఍㆟ࠋᖿ㒊ࡣࠕ࠺ࡕࡣ኱୔ኵࡔ
࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ⬚ࢆ࡞࡛ୗࢁࡍᛮ࠸ࡔࡗࡓࠖ࡜ᡴࡕ᫂ࡅࡓࠋฟᖍࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᩍဨࡣࠕ࡝ࡇ࡛
ࡶ㉳ࡇࡾ࠺ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᛮ࠸ࡣྛᅜ❧኱࡟ඹ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣࠖ࡜ヰࡍࠋ－106－㸺ྜ⏣㝯ྐẶ㈨ᩱ㸼 ୕኱Ꮫࡢ࣑ࢫࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ୍஑஑୐ᖺᗘධヨ࠿ࡽጞࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢᖺࡣࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢฟ㢟ࡀ஬ᩍ⛉༑ඵ⛉┠࠿ࡽභᩍ⛉୕༑ᅄ⛉┠࡟ቑຍࠋᏛ⛉ࡈ࡜࡛ධヨ᪉ἲࢆኚ࠼ࡓࡾࠊ
≉ᐃ⛉┠ࡢ㓄Ⅼࢆቑࡸࡍഴᩳ㓄Ⅼ᪉ᘧࢆᑟධࡍࡿ࡞࡝⣽ศ໬ࠊከᵝ໬ࡀ୍Ẽ࡟㐍ࢇࡔࠋ 㔠ἑ኱ࡢ㛵ಀ⪅ࡣࠕᙜ᫬ࡢᩥ㒊┬㸦⌧ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬㸧ࡀࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࢆ≉Ⰽ࠶ࡿධヨࡢࡓࡵ࡟ά⏝ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ᣦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡋࠊ࣐ࢫࢥ࣑ࡶ⏬୍ⓗ࡞ヨ㦂ࡣࡼࡃ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ㄽㄪࠋᚑ᮶
ࡢࡲࡲ࡛ࡣ࠸࠿ࢇ࡜ᛮࡗࡓࠖ࡜ࠕࣂࢫ࡟஌ࡾ㐜ࢀࡿ࡞ࠖ࡜ࡤ࠿ࡾ࡟ከᵝ໬࡟࠿ࡌࢆษࡗࡓ
⤒⦋ࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡿࠋ‫ࡷࡕࡵࡷࡕࡣۃ‬ ᑡᏊ໬࡛኱Ꮫ㛫ࡢ➇தࡀ⃭ࡋࡃ࡞ࡿ୰ࠊಶᛶᑛ㔜ࢆ࠺ࡓ࠺ከᵝ໬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ཷ㦂⏕㞟ࡵࢆ≺࠺኱Ꮫࡶከ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ୕኱Ꮫࡢ࣑ࢫࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ኚ᭦ࡉࢀࡓࡾࠊ」㞧࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㓄Ⅼ᪉ᘧࡢ㒊ศ࡛㉳ࡁࡓࠋ Ꮫ㒊ࡢ୍⯡࣭᥎⸀ධヨࠊ኱Ꮫ㝔ධヨࡢ࡯࠿ࠊ♫఍ேࠊ␃Ꮫ⏕ྥࡅࡸ⦅ධᏛࡢධヨࡶ͐ࠋ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ࡢ࠿ࡅኌࡢୗ࡛Ꮫ⏕ࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿ❆ཱྀࡣቑ࠼ࡿ୍᪉ࠋຍ࠼࡚ၥ㢟సᡂࠊ᥇Ⅼࠊ᭩㢮㑅⪃ࠊ㠃᥋ࠊุᐃ࡜࠸ࡗࡓసᴗࡀక࠸ࠊ࠶ࡿᅜ❧኱ࡢᩍဨࡣࠕၥ㢟ࢆ࠸ࡃࡘసࡗࡓ࠿ࡶ
ᛀࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡯࡝ࠋࡶ࠺ࡣࡕࡷࡵࡕࡷࡔࠖ࡜Ⴣࡃࠋ ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛసᡂࢆᴗ⪅࡟እὀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ኱Ꮫࡶ୍㒊࠶ࡿࡀࠕᩘ༓୓෇༢఩ࡢ㢠࡟࡞ࡾࠊ᤬
ฟ㸦ࡡࢇࡋࡹࡘ㸧ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠖ࡜㛵ಀ⪅ࠋ ࠶ࡿᩍဨࡣࠕ௒ᅇࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣑ࢫࡣ⤯ᑐチࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠖ࡜๓⨨ࡁࡋ࡚ࡇ࠺₃ࡽࡋࡓࠋࠕ᭱㏆
ࡣධヨ௨እࡢ஦ົసᴗࡶ㣕㌍ⓗ࡟ቑ࠼ࡓࠋヨ㦂ࡣᮏ᮶ࠊ」㞧࡞㓄Ⅼࡸ⣽ศ໬࡞࡝ࡏࡎࠊࢩ
ࣥࣉࣝ࡞᪉ࡀබᖹ࡛࠸࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠖ

－107－ ࣃࢿࣝࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥ          ࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺ   ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࣭◊✲⤫ᣓᐁ Ⲩ஭ ඞᘯ Ặ‫Ⲩۑ‬஭Ặ ⚾ࡢሗ࿌ࡣࠊධヨᨵ㠉ࢆㄽࡎࡿࡓࡵࡢヰ㢟ᥦ౪࡜࠸࠺࠿ࠊධヨᨵ㠉࡟࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᗄࡘ࠿ࡢษࡾཱྀࠊࢹ࣮ࢱ➼ࢆ࠾┠࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ሗ࿌࡜ࡋࡓ
࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
㸦Ⲩ஭ඞᘯ Ặ ࣃ࣮࣏࣡࢖ࣥࢺ㈨ᩱཧ↷㸧 ࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ࡟ㄽⅬࢆ㸳ࡘ࡯࡝ᣲࡆ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢㄽⅬ࡟㛵ࢃࡿࢫࣛ࢖
ࢻࡀࡇࡢ࠶࡜ฟ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࠋ᭱ึࡢࢫࣛ࢖ࢻࡣ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢつᶍࡢၥ㢟࡛ࡍࠋ▷኱࡜኱ᏛࡢᏛ㒊ࠊࡉࡽ࡟኱Ꮫ㝔ࡢᏛ⏕ᩘࢆຍ࠼࡚ࠊࡑࡢ⥲ᩘࡢ᥎⛣ࢆࢢࣛࣇ࡟♧ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡈぴࡢ㏻ࡾࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࢆᏛࡪᏛ⏕ᩘࡣ95ᖺ㡭࡟300୓ேࢆ㉸࠼ࠊࡑࡢᩘࡣ⣙20ᖺ௨ୖ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ኚࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋቑῶࡣ㸯㸣⛬ᗘ࡟ࡍࡂ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࡢ஦ᐇࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⪃࠼ࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀࠊ➨㸯ࡢㄽⅬ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡇࡢ20ᖺ㛫ࡢධヨᨵ㠉ࡣࠊࡶࡗࡥࡽከᵝ໬࡟ྥࡅ࡚㐍ࢇ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋᐇ㝿ࠊಶู኱Ꮫࡢධヨ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶලయⓗ࡞ᒎ㛤ࡶ㐍ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡲࡍࠋᅗ࡟ࡣ18ṓேཱྀࡢῶᑡࡶᢡࢀ⥺ࢢࣛࣇ࡛♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊᛴ⃭࡞ᖺ㱋ேཱྀࡢῶᑡ࡟ࡶ࠿
࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢつᶍࡣ୍ᐃ࡟ಖࡓࢀࡓࠋධヨࡢከᵝ໬ࡣᛴ㏿࡞ᬑཬࢆ㐙ࡆࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢኚ໬࡜ࡣ↓㛵ಀ࡟㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢつᶍࡣಖࡓࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࠿࡟ぢ࠼ࡲࡍࠋධヨࡢከᵝ໬ࡣఱࢆ⏕ࡌࡉࡏࡓࡢ࠿ࠋࡇࡢࢢࣛࣇࢆㄞࡴ࠿ࡂࡾࠊධヨࡢከᵝ໬ࡣᖺ㱋ேཱྀࡢῶᑡ࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࢆᡴࡕᾘࡍຠᯝࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓࠋู࡞ゝ࠸࠿ࡓࢆࡍࢀࡤࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢつᶍࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿ࠺࠼࡛ධヨࡢከᵝ໬ࡣ⤯኱࡞ຠᯝࢆⓎ᥹ࡋࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ 㸰ᯛ┠ࡢࢫࣛ࢖ࢻࡣከᑡ㐣⃭࡞ᅗ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ1960ᖺ࡜2012ᖺࡢ㐍Ꮫᵓ㐀ࢆẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡓࠋ60ᖺࡢ㡭ࡣᏛຊ࡜ᐙィ࡟ᜨࡲࢀࡓ⪅ࡀ㧗ᰯ࡬㐍Ꮫࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡬ࡢ㐍Ꮫࡶ㐺᱁⪅㑅ᢤ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠊ୙㐺᱁⪅ࡣ᤼㝖ࡉࢀࡓࠋධヨ㑅ᢤ࡜࠸࠺௙⤌ࡳࡀ⩏ົᩍ⫱ࠊ㧗ᰯᩍ⫱ࠊ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱࡜࠸࠺ᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࡢ✚ࡳୖࡆࢆᨭ࠼࡚࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡲࡍࠋ௒᪥ࠊ2012ᖺ࡛ࡣࠊ㧗ᰯࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫࡲ࡛ࡀࡍ࡛࡟ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ໬ẁ㝵࡟㐩ࡋࠊࣆ࣑ࣛࢵࢻᆺࡔࡗࡓ㐍Ꮫᵓ㐀ࡣ╔ᐇ࡟㛗᪉ᙧᆺ࡟㏆࡙࠸࡚ࡁࡓࠋᏛᰯไᗘࡣࡇࡢ㛫ࡢᩍ⫱ேཱྀࡢቑຍࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲ㣧ࡳ㎸ࢇࡔࠋኚ໬ࡣෆ㒊࡛㉳ࡁࡓࠋ ࡘࡲࡾࠊእᙧⓗ࡟ࡣึ➼ࠊ୰➼ࠊ㧗➼ࡢᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࡣᖺ㱋ẁ㝵࡟‽ࡌ࡚ࠊ✚ࡳୖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ௚᪉࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡀ⤮࡟࠿࠸ࡓ㣰࡟

－109－➼ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆࠊㄡࡶࡀ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⌧ᐇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᡓᚋ࡟ࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡋࡓᏛᰯไᗘࡶ
ᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࡶࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ໬ࢆ⪏࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡣタィࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡲࡓࡑࡢᨵ㠉ࡶࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋᩍ⫱ேཱྀࡢቑຍࡣࡑࡢࡲࡲไᗘⓗ࡞㝈⏺ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀࡇࡢྑ➃ࡢᅗ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸱ࡘࡵࡢࢫࣛ࢖ࢻࡣࠊᡭ๓࿡ჯࡢ࠾ヰ࡛ࡍࠋࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡜ࡣఱ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࠊ
࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺ๭ࢆࡣࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟࡛ࡍࠋ 㸳ᖺ࡯࡝๓࡟ࠊ኱Ꮫ࠿ࡽ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡬␗ືࡋࠊẼ࡙࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲ
ࡍࠋࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢ஦ᴗࡢព࿡ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ຠᯝ࡛ࡍࠋၥ㢟ࢆసᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ඲
ᅜࡢᅜබ⚾❧኱Ꮫ࠿ࡽ㞟ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓ500ྡ㏆ࡃࡢ኱Ꮫᩍဨ࡛ࡍࠋ㸰㸳ࡢ㒊఍ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࡶྵࡵ㸱㸮⛉┠ࡢヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࢆసࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௵ᮇࡣ
㸰ᖺࠊᖺ㛫㸲㸳᪥࠿ࡽ㸳㸮᪥ࢆ㈝ࡸࡋࡲࡍࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࡑࡢసᴗࢆ⬥࠿ࡽྏဂ⃭ບࡍࡿ㨣ࡢⅬ᳨ጤဨ఍ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ኱༙ࡀ኱Ꮫᩍဨ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ㧗ᰯ࠿ࡽࡢⅬ᳨༠ຊ⪅ࢆྵࡵࡿ࡜ࠊⅬ᳨ጤဨࡢᩘࡶᝆ࡟㸰㸮㸮ேࢆ㉸࠼ࡲࡍࠋྜィࡍࡿ࡜㸵㸮㸮ேࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ኱Ꮫᩍဨࡑࡋ࡚㧗ᰯ㛵ಀ⪅ࡀヨ㦂ၥ㢟సᡂ࡟ཧ⏬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ၥ㢟సᡂጤဨࡣẖᖺ༙ศࡎࡘ஺௦ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊẖᖺ⣙㸰㸲㸮ேࡢ᪂௵ࡢస㢟ጤဨࢆ㏄࠼ࠊ࡯ࡰྠࡌᩘࡢጤဨࡀ༞ᴗࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ஺௦࡛
ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡲࡉ࡟༞ᴗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ࠶࡜࡛࠾ヰࡋࡲࡍࠋጤဨ࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࡓࡣࡉࡲࡊ
ࡲ࡞ศ㔝ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙ࡛࠶ࡿ኱Ꮫᩍဨ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡢ࠿ࡓࡣᩍ⫱Ꮫ࡜ࡶࢸࢫࢺ⌮ㄽ࡜ࡶ↓㛵ಀࡢඛ⏕᪉࡛ࡍࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇᐇ㊶㠃࡛ࡣᩍ⫱ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾ
ࡲࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࠊ኱༙ࡢඛ⏕ࡀࡓࡣᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࢆぢࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࡞࠸ࠊ㧗ᰯࡢᩍ⛉᭩ࡶ⮬ศࡢཷ㦂ࡢ᫬௦ࢆ㝖ࡅࡤࠊ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ぢࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ
࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࡢጤဨࡢඛ⏕ࡀࡓࡀ㸰ᖺ⤒ࡕࠊ༞ᴗࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣࠊᢸ
ᙜ⛉┠ࡢᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿࡟⢭㏻ࡋࠊฟ∧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᩍ⛉᭩࡟ࡣ࡯ࡰࡍ࡭࡚࡟┠ࢆ
㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺㧗ᰯᩍ⫱ࡢ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡀ኱Ꮫ࠿ࡽ㧗ᰯᩍ⫱࡟ྥࡅ࡚Ⓨಙࡉࢀࡿෆᐜࡢ⃰࠸ᩍ⫱࣓ࢹ࢕࢔࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࡼ࠺ࡸࡃᾐ㏱ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ௚᪉ࠊၥ㢟సᡂࡢసᴗࢆ
㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ㧗ᰯᩍ⫱࡟⢭㏻ࡋࡓࡌࡘ࡟ከࡃࡢ㧗኱᥋⥆ேᮦࡀ⫱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࢃ
ࢀࢃࢀࡣ▱ࡽ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢ஦ᴗࡀࡑࡇࡲ࡛ࢆぢ㉺ࡋ࡚ࡣࡌࡲࡗࡓ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡣ▱ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㧗ᰯᩍ⫱ࡢᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ▱㆑࣭ᢏ⬟ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࠊᮇᚅ್ࢆ▱ࡿ኱Ꮫᩍဨࡀࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂஦ᴗࢆ⤒࡚⫱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ஦ᐇࡣ㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡘࡂࡢࢫࣛ࢖ࢻࡣࠊ⌧⾜ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡜ᩍ⫱෌⏕ᐇ⾜఍㆟࡛ᥦ᱌ࡉࢀࡓ㐩ᡂᗘࢸࢫࢺ㸦௬⛠㸧ࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆࣔࢹࣝ໬ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ㧗኱᥋⥆࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀᗈࡃ౑ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ஂࡋ࠸࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࠸ࡲࡔ࡟ࠊ㧗ᰯᩍ⫱ࡢྠᚰ㍈ୖ࡟኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࡀ✚ࡳୖࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࠋᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬－110－ㄽ࡛࠸࠺࡜ࠊ㧗኱᥋⥆ㄽࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ᮍ㛤ᣅ࡞㡿ᇦ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢၥ㢟సᡂ࡛ࡢ⤒㦂ࡶ࡜࡙ࡅࡤࠊ㧗ᰯ࡜኱Ꮫࡢᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬㸦࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ㸧ࡣ㍈ࡀࢡࣟࢫࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸ࢃࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡣ㧗➼ᏛᰯࡢᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࠊᩍ⛉᭩࡜ࡣఝ࡚㠀࡞ࡿࡶࡢࠊ㐪ࡗࡓษࡾཱྀ࡛ࡘࡃࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ☜࠿࡟Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡸ㧗ᰯᩍ⛉᭩ࡣࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࢆࡘࡃࡿୖ࡛ࡢ‽ᣐᯟ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ไ⣙ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢ᮲௳ࡢ࡞࠿࡛ࠊ኱Ꮫᩍဨࡢၥ㢟సᡂጤဨࡢ᪉
ࡀࡓࡣ࢔࢖ࢹ࢔ࢆࡋࡰࡾࠊᩍ⛉᭩▱㆑ࡢᘏ㛗࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊⓎ᝿ࠊၥ㢟࡙ࡃࡾ࡟ບ
ࡳࠊᑓ㛛ᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢዟ⾜ࢆぢࡏࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࠋၥ㢟సᡂጤဨ఍࡜Ⅼ᳨ጤဨ఍ࡢᑐ
❧ࡣᏛၥୖࡢぢゎࡢ┦㐪࡟Ⓨࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶࡋࡤࡋࡤ࡛ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡑࢀࡀࢭࣥ
ࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢ㌟ୖ࡛࠶ࡾ▪ᣢ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ኱Ꮫ࡛ᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ▱㆑ࡸ⬟ຊࡀఱ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆ࡝ࢀࡔࡅヨ㦂ၥ㢟࡟ᇙࡵ㎸ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࡢ
ዟ⾜ࡢ࡞࠿࡟⌧ࢀࡿ✵Ẽࡀࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࢆᨭ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㧗ᰯᩍ⫱࡜኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࡣ⣲┤࡟ࡣ✚ࡳୖࡀࡽࡎࠊࡡࡌࢀࡿࠋ㯤Ⰽ࡛ሬࡽࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿ᩿㠃ࡀࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡟ヱᙜࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ⚾ࡢㄆ㆑࡛ࡍࠋᩍ⫱෌⏕ᐇ⾜఍㆟ࡢ࠸࠺ࠊᇶ♏ࣞ࣋ࣝࠊⓎᒎࣞ࣋ࣝࡢࢸࢫࢺࡣ࡝ࢇ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ㧗ᰯᩍ⫱࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱࡜ษࡾ⤖ࡪ㒊ศࢆᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࠋ㧗ᰯẁ㝵ࡢࢸࢫࢺ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊⓎᒎ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡣ㧗ᰯᩍ⫱࡜኱Ꮫᩍ⫱࡜ࢆ᥋ྜࡉࡏ
ࡿ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡀࡼࡾᙉࡃ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡏࡼࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢᙺ๭ࢆྫྷ࿡ࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࠿ࡽ᳨ウࡣࡣࡌࡲࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠋ ࡶ࠺୍Ⅼࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢ㆑ูᛶ⬟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゐࢀ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡍࠋࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢฟ㢟ᩍ⛉⛉┠ࡣ㸴ᩍ⛉29⛉┠㸦ⱥㄒࣜࢫࢽࣥࢢࢆⱥㄒ࡟ྵࡵࡓሙྜ㸧ࠊཷ㦂ྍ⬟࡞ᩍ⛉⛉┠ᩘࡣ㸰᪥㛫࡛᭱኱㸴ᩍ⛉㸶⛉┠࡛ࡍࠋࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢཷ㦂⏕ࡢ㸴๭ࡀ㸴ᩍ⛉㸶⛉┠ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢྜྰุᐃࡢ⌧≧ࢆᅜබ❧኱Ꮫཷ㦂⪅࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⣼✚ุูࢢࣛࣇ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡳࡓࡢࡀࠊࡇࡢࢢࣛࣇ࡛ࡍࠋࢢࣛࣇࡢᙧ≧࠿ࡽࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡀᅜබ❧኱Ꮫࡢྜྰุᐃ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ㧗࠸㆑ูຊࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀศ࠿ࡾࡲࡍࠋಶูヨ㦂ࡀᏛຊヨ㦂࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡜࠸࠺⌮ゎࡶྍ⬟࡛ࡍࡀࠊཷࡅ
࡚࠸ࡿ⛉┠ࡢከࡉࡣከ㠃ⓗ࡞▱㆑࣭⬟ຊࡢ㆑ู࡟ᙺ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࠖࡢၥ㢟࡛ࡍࠋኳ㔝ඛ⏕ࡢࡈㅮ₇ࡢ୰࡛ࡶྲྀࡾୖࡆ
ࡽࢀ࡚ࠊ௜ࡅຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ㧗ᰯ࡜኱Ꮫࡢ᥋⥆ࡢၥ㢟ࡣࠊୡ⏺ྠ᫬ⓗ࡟㉳ࡁ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ⌧㇟ࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ኱Ꮫධヨࡢၥ㢟ࡣࢃࡀᅜࡔࡅ࡟ᅛ᭷࡞ၥ㢟࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᩍ⫱ඛ㐍ᅜࡣ࡝ࡇࡶ⫧኱ࡋࡓ㧗➼ᩍ⫱࡜୰➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ᥋⥆࡟ⱞປࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡶࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡟༠ຊྍ⬟࡞ࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝⓗ࡞ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ㄆ㆑ࢆࠊᡃࠎࡣᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㧗኱᥋⥆ࡀḟ௦ࢆᢸ࠺ேᮦࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿ࠺࠼࡛ࠊ㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࣇࣛ

－111－

ࣥࢫࡶࢻ࢖ࢶࡶ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡶ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡶྠᵝ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᅜࠎࡣ኱༙ࡀࣘࢽࣂ
࣮ࢧࣝ໬ࢆ㐙ࡆࠊ኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫ⋡ࡶ60㸣๓ᚋ࡟㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔㈨᱁࡞࡝ࡣࡇࡢ30ᖺ࡯࡝ࡢ㛫࡟ᛴ⃭࡞ቑຍࢆ♧ࡋࠊ70㸣࡟㐩ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲ
ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ௚᪉ࠊ኱ᏛධᏛᚋࡢࡁࡋࡳࡶ኱ࡁ࠸࡜⪺࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ኱つᶍ࡞㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࢆᢪ࠼ࡿᅜࠎࡀࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㧗ᰯ࡜኱Ꮫࢆ࡝࠺ࡘ
࡞ࡆࡓࡽࡼ࠸࠿ᝎࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ࠿ࡘ࡚ࡣ㈨᱁ヨ㦂ไᗘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓᅜࡀಶูヨ㦂ࢆຍ࠼ࡓࡾࠊ㐺ᛶヨ㦂୰ᚰ࡛࠶ࡗࡓᅜࡀ฿㐩ᗘヨ㦂ࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡾࡍ
ࡿࠋ㧗኱᥋⥆࡟ࡣ᪂ࡋ࠸ၥ㢟࡜࠸࠼࡞ࡃࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡍࡀࠊྛᅜࡢᩍ⫱⤒㦂ࠊṔྐࡸఏ⤫࠿ࡽᏛࡪ࡭ࡁ࡜ࡇࢁࡣከࡃ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࠊ኱Ꮫධヨࡢᨵ㠉࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㧗኱᥋⥆ࡢၥ㢟ࡣᅜࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞ၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚఩⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀ౯್ࡀ
࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᨷᏲ࡜ࡇࢁࢆኚ࠼࡚ࠊ௒ࡢⲨ஭ࡉࢇࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ྜ⏣ࡉࢇ࠿ࡽࢥ࣓ࣥ
ࢺࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡲࡍ࠿ࠋ
‫⏣ྜۑ‬Ặ ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡣධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟ၥ㢟ࡢ㉁ࡶࡼࡃ࡞ࡗ
ࡓࡋࠊඛ࡯࡝ኳ㔝ඛ⏕ࡢ࠾ヰ࡟ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊୡ⏺ⓗ࡟ࡶ㢮ࢆぢ࡞࠸つᶍࡢヨ㦂ࢆ㠀ᖖ࡟ᩚ↛࡜ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࠊ኱ኚࡈⱞປࡶከ࠸࡜ᛮ
࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆࡸࡗ࡚ࡇࡽࢀࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ୍᪉࡛ࠊ࠸ࡘࡲ࡛ࡶࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢᩍ⛉࣭⛉┠ࢆ୍ᩧ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺యไ࡟ࡘ
࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᪩ᬌぢ┤ࡉ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡈᣦ᦬ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ
஦ᐇࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࡡࠋ≉࡟ࠊ」ᩘᅇᐇ᪋࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ࡜┦ᙜ⛬ᗘࠊヨ㦂ࡢ⤌ࡳ❧࡚⮬య࠿ࡽኚ࠼࡚࠸࠿ࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺
ឤ᝿ࢆᣢࡓࢀࡿ᪉ࡶከ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑࡢⅬࡣ࡝࠺࠾⪃࠼࡛ࡋࡻ࠺
࠿ࠋ‫Ⲩۑ‬஭Ặ ࡓ࠸࡬ࢇつᶍࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ヨ㦂࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡶ㸴ᩍ⛉29⛉┠ࡶฟ㢟⛉┠ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊၥ㢟సᡂࡶ୍➽⦖࡛ࡣ࠸ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋᐇ᪋ࢆᢸᙜࡉࢀࡿ኱
Ꮫഃࡶືဨࡀᚲせ࡛ࠊኻᩋࢆチࡉࢀ࡞࠸⥭ᙇឤࡣつᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࢀࡤ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝ࠊ
㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡓࡔࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢ㆑ูຊࡣつᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ࡜
࠸ࡗ࡚పୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊࢺࢵࣉ኱Ꮫ࠿ࡽ୰ሀ኱Ꮫࡲ࡛┦ᙜ࡞ ᐃຊࢆ⥔ᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࠾ఏ࠼ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡣ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡜ࡣ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ
බᖹᛶࡢ☜ಖ࡜ࠊ࢔ࣛ࢝ࣝࢺᘧ࣭ከᵝ࡞฼⏝࡜࠸࠺㛫࡟ཎ⌮ⓗ࡞ᑐ❧ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࡀᐇ᪋ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ」㞧໬ࡍࡿཎᅉ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋබᖹᛶ࡜ከ
ᵝᛶࡢేᏑ࡟࡝ࡇࡲ࡛⪏࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࠊᡃ៏ẚ࡭ࡢࡼ࠺࡞࡜ࡇࢁ࡬ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸
࠺ࡢࡀᐇឤ࡛ࡍࠋ ᩍ⫱෌⏕ᐇ⾜఍㆟ࡢᥦ᱌ࡍࡿࠊ㐩ᡂᗘヨ㦂ࡢ」ᩘᅇᐇ᪋࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢᥦ᱌ࡣ
࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘࡢ῝ࡉ࡜㔜ࡉࢆࡶࡗࡓ㆟ㄽ࠿ࠊẼ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ」ᩘᅇࡢࢳࣕࣥࢫࡀ࠶

－112－

ࢀࡤཷ㦂⪅ࡶࣛࢡ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺⛬ᗘࡢᛮ࠸ࡘࡁⓎゝ࡞ࡢ࠿ྰ࠿࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ
ඹ㏻ヨ㦂ࡢ௙⤌ࡳࢆ᰿ᮏ࠿ࡽኚ࠼࡚ࡋࡲ࠸࠿ࡡ࡞࠸ၥ㢟ࢆෆໟࡋࡓᥦ᱌࡛ࡶ࠶
ࡾࡲࡍࠋヨ㦂ࡢබᖹᛶࠊ㑅ᢤࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡶࡲࡿ࡛ኚ࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊࡘࡂࡢẁ㝵ࡀぢ࠼࡞࠸࡯࡝ࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ༢࡟ࠕ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢධᏛไᗘࡀධヨࡢ⌮᝿ᙧࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡞㆟ㄽࡀࡲࡔᙳࢆᘬࡁࡎࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࢃ࠿ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ㹑㸿㹒ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㐺ᛶࢸࢫࢺᆺࡢヨ㦂ࢆ」ᩘᅇᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ↓⌮ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ᪥
ᮏࡢᏛຊヨ㦂㸦࢔ࢳ࣮ࣈ࣓ࣥࢺࢸࢫࢺ㸧ࢆ」ᩘᅇᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡢࡣࡲࡿ࡛஦᝟ࡀ㐪࠺ࠋ᪥ᮏࡢᏛຊヨ㦂ࡣດຊࡍࢀࡤᡂ⦼ࡀୖࡀ࡚࠸ࡃヨ㦂࡛ࡍࠋ㸯࢝᭶ࠊ㸰࢝᭶ࡢ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣂࣝࢆ࠾ࡅࡤࠊ」ᩘᅇࡢヨ㦂ࡣព࿡ࢆኻࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ሙྜࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
」ᩘࡢヨ㦂ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊᡂ⦼ࡢⰋ࠸࡯࠺ࢆ㑅ࡪ࡜࠸࠺ᥦ᱌ࡶᢏ⾡ㄽ࡜ࡋ࡚ၥ㢟ࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᥦ᱌ࡢ┿ពࡀ࡝ࡇࡽ㎶࡟࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࢀࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ྜ⏣ࡉࢇ࡜Ⲩ஭ࡉࢇ࡜࡛ࢡࣟࢫࡍࡿ㒊ศࠊඛ࡯࡝ࡢᖹᡂ12ᖺɔ2000ᖺࡢᥦゝ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ」ᩘᅇࢆᥦゝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࠶ࡢ࡜ࡁࡶࠊ12᭶࡜㸯᭶࡞ࡽఱ࡜࠿࡛ࡁࡑ࠺ࡔ࡜࠸࠺㆟ㄽࡔࡗࡓ࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡇ࡜
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊྍ⬟ࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍ࠿ࠋ
‫Ⲩۑ‬஭Ặ  」ᩘᅇᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ኱Ꮫഃ࡛ᐇ᪋యไࡀ⤌ࡵࢀࡤ୙ྍ⬟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ௒ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸴ᩍ⛉29⛉┠࡛ࡸࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ୺せ⛉┠࡛ࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣỗ⏝ⓗ࡞⬟ຊ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ヨ㦂ࡢ┠ⓗ⮬యࢆኚ࠼࡚ࡋ
ࡲ࠺ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺㆟ㄽࡶᚲせࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡓࠊᢏ⾡ㄽ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ඲ဨࡀ」ᩘᅇཷࡅࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡜ࠊࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞
࠸ࡢ࠿ࠊ㸯ᅇ┠ࡣཷࡅࡿࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ㸰ᅇ┠࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡽཷ㦂⪅ࡀ༙ศ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜࠸
࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ⛉┠ࡢᖹᆒⅬࡢព࿡ࡀࡲࡗࡓࡃኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋ
ࡑࡢ࠶ࡓࡾࡢලయⓗ࡞ၥ㢟ࡣࡍ࡭࡚Ჴୖࡆ࡟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋෑ㢌࡟᪩ᕝࡉࢇࡀࠊ
࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁࡿࡀࠊᐇ⾜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜ゝࢃࢀࡓ࠶ࡓࡾ࡟ࠊᥦゝ࡜ᐇ᪋ࡢ㛫ࡢ㊥㞳ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ12ᖺࡢ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊㅖࠎࡢ஦᝟࡛⣲᪩ࡃᲴୖࡆ࡟ࡉࢀࡲ
ࡋࡓࡀࠊලయⓗ࡞᳨ウࡀ࠶ࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛࡝ࡇࡲ࡛㐍ࢇࡔࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ▱ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊᐇ᪋ୖࡢᅔ㞴ࡉࡀᲴୖࡆࡢ⌮⏤࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࠿࡜᥎ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ
‫⏣ྜۑ‬Ặ ௒ࡢ࠾ヰࡢ࡜࠾ࡾࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ୍᪉࡛12ᖺࡢ⟅⏦ࡣࠊ㸯ࡘࡣࠊධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣᚲࡎணഛࡢヨ㦂ࢆࡘࡃࡽࢀࡲࡍࡼࡡࠋࡔ
࠿ࡽ㸰ࢭࢵࢺࡘࡃࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡢ㸰ࢭࢵࢺࢆ12᭶ࠊ㸯᭶࡟౑࠺࡜࠸࠺
ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ࠿࡞ࡾᐇ⌧ྍ⬟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋࡑࡢሙྜࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡑࡢணഛࢆ࡝࠺
ࡍࡿࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㐣ཤၥࢆ౑ࡗ࡚࠸࠸ࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡼ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜
ࡶ࠶ࢃࡏ࡚ᥦゝࡋ࡚ࠊ࠿ࡘᩍ⛉ࢆࡲࡓࡀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠊࡘࡲࡾ㏫࡟ゝ࠺࡜ᗄࡘ࠿ࡢ
ᩍ⛉ࢆ᮰ࡡ࡚㸯ࡘࡢ⛉┠࡟ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ၥ㢟࡜࠿⥲ྜⓗ࡞ヨ㦂࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࢆ୪⾜ࡋ࡚㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡋࡻ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࢃࡏ࡚ᥦゝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ

－113－

ࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࡡࠋ ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊከศ୰ᩍᑂࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࠿ࡽࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࡶ࠺ࡇࢀࡋ࠿࡞࠸࠿࡞࡜ࠋ⌧ᐇ࡟ࡸࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ12᭶ࠊ㸯᭶ࡢ㸰ᅇࡸࡗ࡚㐣ཤၥࢆ౑ࡗ࡚࠸࠸ࡇ࡜࡟ࡍࡿࠊ∦୍᪉࡛᪂ࡋ࠸ࢸࢫࢺࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ᪥࡟࠿ࡶࡗ࡜⛉┠ᩘࢆ⤠ࡗࡓヨ㦂࡟⛣⾜ࡍࡿࢇࡔࢁ࠺࡞࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ༙ࡤ᝿ീࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡑ࠺ࡣゝ࠸࡞ࡀࡽࠊᙜ㠃ࡣ௒ࡢࢫࢱ࢖࡛ࣝࡶᐇ⾜ྍ⬟ࡔ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢࢩࢼࣜ࢜ࡣᣢࡗ࡚
࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ㐣ཤၥࡢ฼⏝࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ࡝࠺࡞ࡗ
࡚࠸ࡲࡍ࠿ࠋ
‫Ⲩۑ‬஭Ặ 㐣ཤၥࡢ฼⏝ࡣチᐜ⠊ᅖࢆᗈࡆ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡓࡔࠊ㐣ཤၥ࡛౑ࡗࡓ㑅ᢥ⫥ࢆ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ฼⏝ࡍࡿ࡜࠿ࠊヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢᕪࡋ᭰࠼ࡀ⥭ᛴ࡟ᚲせ࡟࡞ࡗࡓሙྜ
࡟ࠊ㐣ཤၥࢆᨵಟࡋ࡚౑࠺࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⛬ᗘࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋၥ㢟ࡢసᡂせ㡿࡛ࡶチᐜ⠊ᅖࡣᗈࡆ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ㐣ཤၥࢆ౑࠺ࡇ࡜⮬యࡀ௙⤌ࡳࡢ୍⎔࡜࡞ࡗࡓሙྜ࡟
ࡣࠊ༶ᗙ࡟㧗ᰯࡸணഛᰯࡢཷ㦂ᑐ⟇ࡢ ୰࡟㝗ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࠊヨ㦂ࡢබᖹᛶࢆ
⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋࡃ࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ㐣ཤၥ฼⏝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊⴭࡋ
࠸୙බᖹࡉࢆ⏕ࡌ࡞࠸ሙྜ࡟㝈ࡿࠊ࡜࠸࠺ᑒ༳ࡀࡸࡣࡾ௜࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
 ⺬㊊࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ⌧ᅾࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡀ࡝࠺࠸࠺つᶍ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ
࠿ࠊࡊࡗ࡜ࡈ⤂௓ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊᐇ᪋ᮏ㒊኱Ꮫࡀ⣙㸳㸮㸮ࠊヨ㦂ሙࡀ㸵㸮㸮ࠊヨ㦂ᐊࡀ⣙㸯୓ᐊ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡇ࡟ືဨࡉࢀࡿ┘╩⪅ࠊࡑࢀ௨እࡢ┘╩⿵ຓ⪅➼ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶࡢ࡭15୓ே࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⌧⾜ࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࢆ」ᩘᅇᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ࡟ࡣࠊྠࡌ
ࡔࡅࡢ᪋タࠊືဨࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ࡇࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㆟ㄽࡀᑾࡁ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ኳ㔝ࡉࢇ࠿ࡽ୍ゝࠋ‫ۑ‬ኳ㔝Ặ Ⲩ஭ࡉࢇ࡟ఛ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ㐩ᡂᗘࢸࢫࢺ࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡢ㸰✀㢮ࡢࢸࢫࢺ࡜ࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡇࡢᥦゝࡣࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆゝ࠺ࡢࡣኻ♩࡛ࡍࡀࠊጤဨࡢ㢦ࡪࢀࢆᣏぢࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺ၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞▱㆑ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿேࡀከ࠸࡜ࡣゝ࠸ࡀࡓ࠸ࠋከศࡇࢀࡣᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡢ㛵ಀ⪅ࡀసᩥࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ࠊୗ⾗ࡢ຺⧞ࡾࢆࡍࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣ࡜ࡶ࠿ࡃ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ㐩ᡂᗘࢸࢫࢺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࡝ࡢ
⛬ᗘලయⓗ࡟⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡇࡢ᱌ࡀฟ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࠿ࠊ࠸ࡲ୍ࡘࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ࡇࢁࡀ
࠶ࡿࠋ≉࡟ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ࠊ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢ୰࡟ࡣࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡣᗫṆࡉࢀࡿࡢࡔ࡜ሗ㐨ࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ Ⲩ஭ࡉࢇࡢࡘࡃࡗ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡗࡓࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ࡛ࠊ㸳␒┠࡜㸴␒┠ࡣ⯆࿡῝࠸ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ≉࡟ୗࡢ࡯࠺࡟ࠋ㧗ᰯࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ࡜࠸࠺‽ᣐᯟࢆ౑ࡗ࡚኱Ꮫࡢ
ඛ⏕ࡀၥ㢟ࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ヰࡶඛ࡯࡝࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊせࡣࠊၥ㢟ࢆసᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ඲ဨ኱Ꮫࡢᩍဨ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚௒ᗘࡢ㐩ᡂᗘࢸࢫࢺࡣࠊ
ࠕ㐩ᡂᗘࠖ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡟ࡣ㧗ᰯᩍ⫱ࡢ㐩ᡂᗘࢆࡣ࠿ࡿࢸࢫࢺࡔ࡜ᛮࢃࢀ

－114－

ࡲࡍࠋᇶ♏ⓗ࣭ඹ㏻ⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ࡢ㐩ᡂᗘࢆࡣ࠿ࡿࡢࡀᇶ♏࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࠊ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡿࡢ࡟ᚲせ࡞⬟ຊࢆࡣ࠿ࡿࡢࡀⓎᒎ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࠊ୧⪅ࡀ㐃ᦠࡋ୍࡚యⓗ࡟࡜᭩࠸࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ୍యࡔࢀࡀᏛຊࢸࢫࢺࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟࡟⾜ࡁ╔ࡃࠋᴟ➃࡟ゝ࠼ࡤࠊධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡣᗫṆ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࢀࡤࠊ኱Ꮫࡢ
ඛ⏕ࡣ࠿࠿ࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ㐩ᡂᗘ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ㧗ᰯࡢඛ⏕ࡀࡑࢀࢆᅗ
ࡿࡓࡵࡢࢸࢫࢺࢆࡘࡃࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ௬࡟ࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊ୧᪉࡜ࡶධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡀࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢࣀ࢘ࣁ࢘ࢆ⏕࠿ࡋ࡚ࡸࡿࡢࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࢀࡤࠊ኱㔞࡟㧗ᰯࡢඛ⏕ࢆᢪ࠼㎸ࡲ࡞࠸㝈ࡾᇶ♏ࢸࢫࢺࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᐇ᪋୺యࡢၥ㢟ࡀ᭕᫕࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢୖࠊゝㄒ㐠⏝⬟ຊࠊᩘ⌮ⓗ⬟ຊࠊศᯒຊ➼ࡶᐃࡍࡿ࡜ࡲ࡛᭩࠸࡚࠶ࡿࠋᴟࡵ࡚㔝ᚰⓗ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊᮏᙜ࡟࡛ࡁࡿࡢ
ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ≉࡟ࠊ௒࠶ࡿධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡜㛵ಀࡣ࡝࠺⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࢁ
࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺␲ၥࡀ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶᤞ࡚ษࢀ࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ ࡇࢀࡣⲨ஭ࡉࢇ࡟࠾⪺ࡁࡋ࡚ࡶ㞴ࡋ࠸ヰ࠿ࡶ▱ࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ୍యධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡜฿㐩ᗘ࣭㐩ᡂᗘࢸࢫࢺ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ࡝ࢇ࡞㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜Ⲩ஭ࡉࢇࡣཷࡅ
ྲྀࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࠿ࠊᕪࡋ㞀ࡾࡢ࡞࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠾ヰࡋ࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ࡛ࡣࡕࡻࡗ࡜ࠊⲨ஭ࡉࢇ࡟ຓࡅ⯪࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡏࡗ࠿ࡃ
ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᒁ㛗ࡀ᮶࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊᩍ⫱෌⏕ᐇ⾜఍㆟ࡢ⤖ㄽࢆཷࡅࡓ
ഃ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊ๓༙ࡢࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ྍ⬟࡞⠊ᅖ࡛ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡲࡍ࠿ࠋᩍ⫱෌⏕ᐇ⾜఍㆟࡛࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘ㆟ㄽࡉࢀࡓࡢ࠿ࠋ
‫ۑ‬ᕸᮧẶ ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᒁ㛗ࡢᕸᮧ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㐩ᡂᗘࢸࢫࢺࡢᇶ♏ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ࡯࠺ࡣࠊ୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟఍ࡢ㧗ᰯᩍ⫱㒊఍࡛ඛ⾜ࡋ࡚㆟ㄽࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡣࠊ㧗ᰯࡀᴟࡵ࡚ከᵝ໬ࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ඛ࡯࡝
᮶ࠊ㆟ㄽࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࠊ㧗ᰯ㸱ᖺ㛫ࡢࢥ࢔࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ࡜࠸࠸ࡲࡍ࠿ࠊ
ඹ㏻ᛶࡣఱ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡇࢁࢆࠊᣦᑟせ㡿ࣉࣛࢫఱ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡘ
ࡘࠊࡑࢀࢆ≉࡟㧗ᰯࡢ୰ࡢᬑ㏻⛉ࡢ୰㛫ᒙ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣୗ఩ᰯࡢᏛ⩦᫬㛫ࡀᴟࡵ࡚ᑡ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ᐇែࡶ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊඹ㏻ࡢࡶࡢࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㧗ᰯ฿㐩ᗘࢸࢫࢺࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺㆟ㄽࡀࡲࡎẕయ࡜ࡋ࡚࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟௒ࠊ㐩ᡂᗘࢸࢫࢺࡢᇶ♏ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡜࠸࠺ヰ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓ࡜ཷࡅ࡜ࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᙜึࡣࡑࢀ࡜ࡣู࡟ࠊⓎᒎࣞ࣋ࣝ࡜ࡣゝࢃࡎ࡟኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢၥ㢟Ⅼࡣఱ࠿ࠊ⌧⾜ࡢධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎྛ኱Ꮫࡢධヨࡢၥ㢟Ⅼࡣఱ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡇ
ࢁ࠿ࡽ㆟ㄽࡋ࡚ࠊᙜึࡣࡇࢇ࡞୍య໬ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞⾲࡟ࡣ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࢇ࡛
ࡍࡀࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ㧗ᰯ⏕ࡀཷ㦂ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ྜ࠸࡛ࠊᇶ♏ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡜Ⓨᒎࣞ࣋ࣝ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ࠊಶேⓗ࡟ࡣఱ࠿↓⌮ࡸࡾ୍⥴࡟ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡞༳㇟࡛ࡍࡀࠊ✺↛ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡇ࠺࠸࠺⾲ࡀฟ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊከศ࡛ࡍࡀࠊྠࡌ㧗ᰯ⏕ࡀཷࡅࡿࢸࢫࢺ࡞ࡢ࡛ᇶ
♏࡜Ⓨᒎ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ୍࡛⥴࡟ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࠋ࠿ࡘධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᩍ⫱෌⏕ᐇ⾜఍㆟ࡢ᪉ࠎ࡟ࡶࡈどᐹࢆ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚ࠊ௒ࡢධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂⮬య࡟ࡑ

－115－ࢀ࡯࡝኱ࡁ࡞ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ㄆ㆑࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ཷࡅ࡜ࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ᭱
⤊ⓗ࡟ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡀ᭷ࡍࡿࣀ࢘ࣁ࢘ࠊ฼Ⅼࢆ⏕࠿ࡋࡘࡘࠊ㐃ᦠࡋ୍࡚యⓗ࡟⾜࠺࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ྲྀࡾࡲ࡜ࡵࡽࢀࡓ࡜ཷࡅ࡜ࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ኱ኚࢃ࠿ࡾࡸࡍࡃㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ Ⲩ஭ࡉࢇࠊኳ㔝ࡉࢇࡢᚋẁࡢ࠾ヰࡣࠊከᑡ⌮ㄽⓗ࡞࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔࢁ࠺࠿࡜ᛮ
࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ౛࠼ࡤ㸴ᯛ┠ࡢࢫࣛ࢖ࢻࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡜ᵓ᝿ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᇶ♏࣭
Ⓨᒎ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀ࡝࠺ࢡࣟࢫࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࡇࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪ࡛࡝࠺ㄒࡽࢀࡿࡢ࠿࡞࡜
࠸࠺࠶ࡓࡾ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠋ
‫Ⲩۑ‬஭Ặ ඛ࡯࡝ࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡣࠊ㧗ᰯᩍ⫱࡜࠸࠺‽ᣐᯟࡢ୰࡛ࠊ኱Ꮫࡢᩍ
ဨࡓࡕࡀ኱Ꮫ࡟ᚲせ࡞⬟ຊࠊ▱㆑ࡣఱ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛▱ᜨࢆ⤠ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢⅬ࡛ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ࠸ࡲࠊᒁ㛗ࡀ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᇶ♏ࡢ࡯࠺ࡣ㧗ᰯᩍ⫱ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ㧗ᰯᩍ⫱ࡑࢀ⮬యࡀ┠ᶆࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢ୰ࡢࢥ࢔࡜࠸
࠸ࡲࡍ࠿ࠊᚲᒚಟ⛉┠ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀ࣮࣋ࢫ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡢᅗࡢ
୰࡛ࡣࣈ࣮࡛ࣝࠊ㧗ᰯᩍ⫱ࡢ࡯࠺ࡢഴᩳ࡜ࠊࡕࡻ࠺࡝ᆶ┤࡟ࡪࡘ࠿ࡿ᩿㠃࡟࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ୗࡢ࡯࠺࡟᭩࠸࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ࢖࣓࣮ࢪୖ࡛ࡣࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿࠋ ௒ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ࣐ࢫࢥ࣑ሗ㐨࡛ࡣࠊᇶ♏ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡑࡢୖ࡟ఱ࠿Ⓨᒎࡀ஌ࡗ࡚࠸
ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞࢖࣓࣮ࢪ࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑࢀࡣၥ㢟ࢆసࡿഃࡢពᅗ࡜ࡶ ࡾࡓ࠸⬟ຊ࡜ࡶ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ༢⣧࡟୧⪅ࡀࣜࣥࢣ࣮ࢪࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛
ࡣ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ኳ㔝ࡉࢇࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡼࢁࡋ࠸࡛ࡍ࠿ࠋ
‫ۑ‬ኳ㔝Ặ ⤖ᵓ࡛ࡍࠋ－116－

＜荒井克弘 氏 パワーポイント資料＞－117－

＜荒井克弘 氏 パワーポイント資料＞－118－

 ࣃࢿࣝࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥ        ࣇ࢓ࢩࣜࢸ࣮ࢱ࣮ 㹌㹆㹉ゎㄝጤဨ᪩ᕝ ಙኵ Ặ        ࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺ

ኳ㔝 㑳ኵ Ặ         ᮾி኱Ꮫྡ㄃ᩍᤵ         ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤࣇ࢙࣮ࣟ㸭         ๓ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ᨻ⟇ᒁ㛗ྜ⏣ 㝯ྐ Ặ         ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࣭◊✲⤫ᣓᐁⲨ஭ ඞᘯ Ặ‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᮏᙜࡣ㐍⾜࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㐣ཤࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾ⌧ᅾ࠿ࡽࡇࡢ
ඛࢆᒎᮃࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ὶࢀࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࠾㸰ேࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢆ⏕࠿ࡉ࡞࠸ᡭࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡶ࠺ඛ㣗࠸ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢࢸ࣮࣐࡟ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿
࡞࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡇࡇ࡛㸯ᅇᨵࡵࡲࡋ࡚࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊධヨᨵ㠉ࡢࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡜ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡇ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡎ㸯ࡘࡣࠊධヨᨵ㠉ࡢࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠋඛ࡯࡝ኳ㔝ࡉࢇࡢᇶㄪㅮ₇ࡢ୰࡛ࡶࠊࡇ
ࢀࡲ࡛ࡢධヨᨵ㠉࡛ᯝࡓࡏ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡜࠸࠺࠿ࠊ᣸ᢡ࡜࠿୰Ṇ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀࡓࡃࡉࢇฟ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡇࡢ┠ᣦࡍ᪉ྥ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ㆟ㄽ࡜௒ࠊ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࡑࢀ࡯࡝኱ࡁࡃ㐪ࡗ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋࡔ
ࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑࡢ࡜ࡁ࡝ࡁࠊඛ࡯࡝ࡢᖺࡢ㆟ㄽࡶࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ㆟ㄽࡋ࡚ᨵ㠉ࡢ᪉ྥᛶࢆฟࡋࡓࡾࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᐇ㝿ᨵ㠉࡟㋃ࡳ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡗࡓࡾ
ࡋ࡚ࠊ࡞࠿࡞࠿࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࠿ࡎ࡟௒࡟⮳ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ࡞ࡐࡇࢀ࡯࡝ࡲ࡛࡟
࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࠿࡞࠸ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺࠶ࡓࡾ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊኳ㔝ࡉࢇࠊࡑࡢ࠶ࡓࡾࡣ
࡝࠺ࡈࡽࢇ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢇ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ
‫ۑ‬ኳ㔝Ặ 㞴ࡋ࠸ࡈ㉁ၥ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ⚾ࡢṔྐⓗ࡞㒊ศࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀᣓᘼ
᭩ࡁ࡛㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ㐍Ꮫ⋡ࢆධࢀ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࢆࡈࡽࢇ࠸ࡓࡔࡃ࡜ࠊኻᩋ
ࡢཎᅉࡢ㸯ࡘࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ࠿࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊྜ⏣ࡉࢇࡀඛ࡯࡝ᣦ᦬
ࡉࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࢚࣮ࣜࢺࠊ࣐ࢫࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ࡜࠸࠺ࢺ࣮ࣟࡢẁ㝵ㄝࢆ౑࠺࡜
ࡍࢀࡤࠊ᪥ᮏࡣᡓᚋࠊᖺ௦ࡄࡽ࠸ࡲ࡛ࡣ㸣๓ᚋࡢ㐍Ꮫ⋡࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ࢚࣮ࣜ
ࢺẁ㝵ࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ࣐ࢫ໬ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ໬࡟
⮳ࡗࡓࠋ



－119－

 ධᏛ⪅ࡢ㑅ᢤࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ㧗ᰯ࡜኱Ꮫࡢ᥋⥆ࡢၥ㢟࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㔞ⓗ࡞つᶍࡀᣑ኱ࡋ࡚㐍Ꮫ⋡ࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡅࡤࠊఱࡽ࠿ࡢᙧ࡛ぢ┤ࡋࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡓࡔࠊࡑࡢぢ┤ࡋࡀࠊඛぢⓗ࡞⟅⏦ࡀฟࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ぢࢀࡤࡎࡗ࡜ᚋ㏣࠸࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ࠶ࡿព࿡ࠊᙜ↛࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ᪩࠸ࢫ
ࣆ࣮ࢻ࡛࣐ࢫ໬ࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ໬ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ᭱኱ࡢၥ㢟ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡀᴟࡵ࡚≉␗࡞ᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡍࠋ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ⏦ࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊྛ኱Ꮫࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ⮬⏤࡟ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࢆࡍࡿᶒ㝈ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠊࡋ࠿ࡶࡑࢀࢆධᏛヨ㦂࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑ
ࡢධᏛヨ㦂ᐇ᪋ࡢᶒ㝈ࢆ࡞࠿࡞࠿ᡭᨺࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺≧ែࡀࠊ᭱㏆ࡲ࡛⥆࠸࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ⌧ᅾࠊ㐣ཤࠊᑗ᮶ࡢᏛຊࢆ⥲ྜⓗ࡟ุᐃࡋ࡚ධᏛ⪅ࢆ㑅ᢤࡍ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜࠸࠺Ꮫຊࡢ⥲ྜุᐃㄽࡣࠊࡇࢀࡶඛ࡯࡝ᣦ᦬ࡋࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᡓᚋ
ࡢ᪩࠸᫬ᮇ࠿ࡽ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊᐇ⌧ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ୍ᗘࡶ࡞࠸ࠋࡎࡗ࡜⌮᝿࡜ࡋ࡚ᥖࡆࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑࢀࡣ࡞ࡐ࠿࡜࠸࠼ࡤࠊ኱Ꮫഃࡀඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺࢆ⮬ศࡓࡕ࡛⏕ࡳฟࡋ࡚ࠊ฼⏝ࡋࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺ពḧ࡟ஈ࠿ࡅ࡚࠸ࡓ࠿ࡽ࡜ゝ࠺ࡋ࠿࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋᅜ❧኱Ꮫࡣࠊࡉ
ࡍࡀ࡟ࡓࡲࡾ࠿ࡡ࡚⮬ศࡓࡕ࡛ඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ⚾❧኱ᏛࡣᘓᏛ
ࡢ⢭⚄࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶࠊ⚾Ꮫࡢ⮬⏤࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠊࢸࢫࢺࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡟ࡶά⏝࡟ࡶᾘᴟⓗ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᾘᴟⓗ࡞⚾Ꮫࡀ࣐ࢪࣙࣜࢸ࢕ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ
Ꮫ⪅㑅ᢤࡢ᪉ἲࢆࠊᏛ⏕ເ㞟ࡸ኱Ꮫ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ♫఍ⓗ࡞ጾಙࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵ࡟฼⏝ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ഃ㠃ࡀᙉ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ࠶ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡉࡁ࡯࡝ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔ࡸࠊࢻ࢖ࢶࡢ࢔ࣅࢶ࣮࢔ࡢヰࡶ࡛ࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ
࢔࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ࡶ㹑㸿㹒ࡸ㸿㹁㹒ࡀ࠶ࡿࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢᅜ࡛ࡶࡑࢀࡒࢀඹ㏻ヨ㦂ࢆࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ᪥ᮏࡣࡑࢀࢆࡸࡗ࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ࡞ࡐ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ၥ㢟࡛ࡍࡀࠊ⌧ᐇࡣࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡀධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢᨵ㠉ࢆ࠾ࡃࡽࡏ࡚
ࡁࡓࠊ᭱኱ࡢせᅉ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿࡜ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ࡑࢀࡣ኱Ꮫഃ࡟ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍ࠿ࠋ
‫ۑ‬ኳ㔝Ặ ඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ぢࢀࡤ኱Ꮫࡢഃ࡟ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺࢆ⏕ࢇ࡛⫱࡚ࡿດຊࢆᛰࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ⾜ᨻࢧ࢖ࢻࡀඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺࡢ
ไᗘࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࡑࢀࢆ኱Ꮫࡀ฼⏝ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ₽ࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋ⬟◊ࢸࢫࢺࡢ



－120－

ヰࡀࡑ࠺࡛ࡋࡓࡋࠊ௒ࡢධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ౑࠸᪉ࡣྛ኱Ꮫࡢ⮬⏤࡟ጤࡡࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊࡇࡢၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ኱Ꮫഃ࡟኱ࡁ࡞㈐௵ࡀ࠶ࡿ
࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋඹྠࡋ࡚᰿ᮏⓗ࡞ᨵ㠉ࢆ⪃࠼ࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺ヰࡀ኱Ꮫഃ࠿ࡽฟ࡚ࡃࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ㹑㸿㹒ࡣ኱Ꮫഃ࠿ࡽฟ࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࡋࠊ࢔ࣅࢶ࣮࢔ࠊ
ࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ኱Ꮫഃࡢᚲせ࠿ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀࠊά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿไᗘ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ
ࡡࠋ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣࠊ⾜ᨻ௨እ࡟ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ືࡁࡀฟ࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ࠊ኱
ࡁ࡞㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
‫⏣ྜۑ‬Ặ ኳ㔝ඛ⏕ࡀ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓ࡜࠾ࡾࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊูࡢゝ࠸᪉࡛ྠࡌࡇ࡜ࢆゝ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ㸯ࡘ࡟ࡣࠊෑ㢌࠾ヰࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋ
ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᚿ㢪⪅࡜ධᏛᐃဨ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡀࡶ࠺㸷๭ࡄࡽ࠸ࡢ᱁ዲ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ
୍᫇๓ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊཷ㦂⏕ࡢഃࡶ࡜࡟࠿ࡃ㸯Ⅼࢆதࡗ࡚ᑡࡋ࡛ࡶ࠸࠸኱Ꮫ࡬ධࡾ
ࡓ࠸ࠊሙྜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣᾉேࡋ࡚࡛ࡶ࠸࠸኱Ꮫ࡟ධࡾࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺࡯࡝ࡢໃ࠸ࡀ࡞
ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊ㔞ⓗ࡟つᶍࡀᣑ኱ࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ௒ࡲ࡛࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓᨵ㠉ࡀ௒࡞ࡽ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺≧ἣࢆࡘࡃࡾฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸
࠺Ẽࡀࡍࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࡡࠋ ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣࠊ୍᪉࡛኱Ꮫഃࡶࠊࡸࡣࡾఱ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶᏛຊヨ㦂ࡀ୍␒බᖹ࡞ࡔ
ࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ኱Ꮫ࡟ධࡗ࡚࠿ࡽࡕࡷࢇ࡜ຮᙉࡍࡿ࠸࠸Ꮫ⏕ࢆ࡜ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᏛ
ຊࢸࢫࢺࡀ୍␒࠸࠸ࢇࡔ࡜࠸࠺ᅛ࠸ಙᛕࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࢇࡔࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ
᭱㏆࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ᮾ኱ࠊி኱ึࡵ᪩✄⏣ࡶࡑ࠺ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ஑኱ࡶࡑ࠺
࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞኱Ꮫ࡛ࡕࡻࡗ࡜ᚅ࡚ࡼ࡜ࠋ௒ࡢᏛຊヨ㦂࡛Ꮫ⏕ࢆ࡜ࡿ᪉ἲࡣࠊࡸࡣࡾၥ㢟ࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ୍᫇๓ࡣࠊᩥ㒊┬࠿ࡽゝࢃࢀ࡚↓⌮ࡸࡾࠊࡈࡃࢃࡎ࠿ᚋᮇ᪥⛬ࡢධᏛᐃဨࢆ๭࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡕࡽࡶఱ࠿ఝ
ࡓࡼ࠺࡞ヨ㦂ࢆࡸࡗ࡚ࠊࡳࡓ࠸࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࢇࡔࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡸࡣࡾࡑࢀ
࡛ࡣࡲࡎ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ឤࡌࡀ኱Ꮫഃ࡟ࡶฟ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊ࠿ࡘ࡚ࡣఱᗘࡶᥦ
᱌ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࢇࡔࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ⎔ቃ᮲௳ࡣᑡࡋኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ឤࡌࡣࡋࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ඛ࡯࡝ኳ㔝ࡉࢇ࠿ࡽ኱Ꮫࡀື࠿࡞࠸ࡏ࠸ࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡈᥦ㉳ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ
࡝ࡶࠊ௒᪥ࡣ኱Ꮫ㛵ಀ⪅ࡀࣇࣟ࢔࡟ࡓࡃࡉࢇ࠾ぢ࠼࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊࡐࡦ཯ㄽࢆ࠾⪺࠿



－121－

ࡏ㢪࠸ࡓ࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠋ 㔛ぢᏛ㛗ࡣ࠸࠿ࡀ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ‫ۑ‬㔛ぢẶ㸦୍⯡♫ᅋἲேᅜ❧኱Ꮫ༠఍ධヨጤဨ఍ධヨጤဨ㛗࣭ᮾ໭኱Ꮫ⥲㛗㸧 ࡲࡔ༑ศ࡟཯ㄽ࡛ࡁࡿ࡯࡝ຮᙉࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊከᵝᛶࢆᣢࡗࡓ
㑅ࡧ᪉ࢆࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺࡜ࠊ௒ࠊὶࢀ࡜ࡋ࡚࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ࠺ࡕࡢ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣ㸿㹍ධヨ࡛ࠊከศබ❧኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣ୍␒ከ࠸ࠊ⣙㸣ࡢᏛ⏕ࡀධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ඲Ꮫ㒊࡛ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ⚾ࡣ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞㑅ࡪ᪉ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚࠸࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠊᏛຊ࡛ࠊ
ᮏᙜ࡟Ⅼᩘ㸯Ⅼ้ࡳ࡛ධࡿ㒊ศࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ࡋࠊࡑࢀ௨እ࡟ࢡࣛࣈάື࡜࠿
ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆุᐃࡋ࡚ධࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡸࡾ᪉ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ୍ᚊ࡟
ྠࡌ᪉ྥ࡟⾜࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺㆟ㄽ⮬యࡀࠊࡲࡓᑡࡋጁ࡞᪉ྥ࡟⾜ࡁࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺Ẽࡀ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ࡝࠺࠸࠺኱Ꮫ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺㆟ㄽࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ
ࡑ࠺࠸࠺኱Ꮫീ࡟ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸ே㛫ࢆ㑅ࡪ࡟ࡣ࡝࠺࠸࠺ไᗘࡀᚲせ࡞ࢇࡔࢁ࠺࠿
࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛㆟ㄽࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸࠿࡞࠸࡜ࠊ࡞ࡐ࠿⤫୍ヨ㦂ࡔࡅࢆࡸࢀࡤ࠸࠸࡜࠿ࠊ
⤫୍ࡢヨ㦂ࢆ⫱࡚ࢀࡤࡑࢀ࡛࠺ࡲࡃ࠸ࡃࢇࡔ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ௒ࡢ㆟ㄽ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࢀ
ࡣ኱Ꮫ࡜ࡋ࡚኱Ꮫࡢ⊂⮬ᛶ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ኱Ꮫࡀࡑࡢ࣏ࣜࢩ࣮࡟ᇶ࡙࠸
࡚ධᏛ⪅ࢆỴࡵࡿ࡜࠸࠺どⅬࡣ࡝ࡇ࠿࡛ಖᣢࡋ࡚࠾࠿࡞࠸࡜ࠊⓙ୍ᚊ࡟࡞ࡿࡼ
࠺࡞ヨ㦂ไᗘࢆ࡜ࢀ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㏫࡟࠾࠿ࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽኳ㔝ඛ⏕ࡀ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ኱Ꮫࡀ㜼ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓ࠿ࡽ⤫୍ࢸࢫࢺࡀ
࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࠿࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠊࡔ࠿ࡽᚑ࠺࡭ࡁࡔ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࢀࡣࡑࢀ࡛ࡲࡓ࠾࠿ࡋ࡞
ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺Ẽࡣ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞኱Ꮫࡀ
ࡑࡢ࣏ࣜࢩ࣮࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚㑅ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺⥺ࡣࠊ⚾ࡣᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࡶ࠾࠿ࡋࡃ࡞
࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡕࡻࡗ࡜཯ㄽ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠋ
‫ۑ‬ኳ㔝Ặ ⚾ࡣࠊ኱Ꮫࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟ಶᛶⓗ࡞㑅ᢤࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆྰᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃ
ࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡓࡔࠊ኱Ꮫࡀ⣙ࠊᅜ❧኱Ꮫࡣ㸶㸴࡛ࡍ࠿ࠊఱࡽ࠿ࡢᙧ࡛Ꮫຊホ౯ࡢඹ㏻ࡢᑻᗘࡀᚲせࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧࢫࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓ࠿ࡽࠊᅜ኱༠ࡶ
ඹ㏻୍ḟヨ㦂ไᗘࢆసࡾୖࡆࡓࡢࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡡࠋᅜ❧኱Ꮫ࡜࠸࠺㞟ᅋࡀࡑࢀࢆࡘࡃࡾฟࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ௒ࡲ࡛࡟࡞࠸ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣᕼ᭷ࡢ౛࡛ࡍࠋᡓ๓ᮇ࡟ࡶ



－122－

ᪧไ㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡀࠊඹ㏻ヨ㦂ࡢไᗘࢆ㸰ᗘ࡯࡝ᑟධࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ࠸ࡎ
ࢀࡶᩘᖺ࡛᣸ᢡࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᅜ❧኱Ꮫࡢඹ㏻୍ḟヨ㦂ࡣࠊᙧࢆኚ࠼࡚⌧ᅾࡲ࡛⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࠊ኱Ꮫඹྠయࡀࡘࡃࡾฟࡋࡓඃࢀࡓࢸࢫࢺࡔ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᅜ❧኱Ꮫࡔࡅࡀ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ㏆࠸኱Ꮫࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢᩘከ࠸኱
Ꮫࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟ࠊධᏛヨ㦂࡛Ꮫຊࡢᐃࢆࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺≧ἣࡣࠊ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟

␗ᵝ࡛ࡍࡋࠊබᖹᛶ࡟ࡶḞࡅࡲࡍࠋ࡜ࢇ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ၥ㢟ࡀฟ㢟ࡉࢀࡓ࡜࠿ࠊฟ㢟࣑ࢫࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ヰࡣࠊࡇࡢࡈࢁࡣධヨࡢ᫬ᮇ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜᪥ᖖⲔ㣤஦࡟࡞ࡗ࡚
࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᥇Ⅼ࣑ࢫࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡻࡗࡕࡹ࠺᪂⪺⣬ୖࢆ㈰ࢃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⌧ᐇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ែࢆᨺ⨨ࡋ࡚࠾࠸࡚࠸࠸ࡢ࠿ࠊࡔࢀ࠿ࡀ⪃࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ
ࡶࡕࢁࢇᨻඪࡸ⾜ᨻᶵ㛵ࡣ⪃࠼ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡲࡎࡣ኱Ꮫேࡀ┿๢࡟⪃࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ࡝ࢇ࡞࡟࠸࠸ࢸࢫࢺࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ฼⏝ࡍࡿഃࡀࡁࡕࢇ࡜฼⏝ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊኻᩋࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡽࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ ࢸࢫࢺࡣㄡ࠿ࡀࡘࡃࡗ࡚ࡃࢀࡓࡶࡢࢆࠊಶู࡟฼⏝ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ
⮬ศࡓࡕࡀඹྠ࡛฼⏝ࡍࡿࢸࢫࢺࢆࠊࡼࡾⰋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ጼໃ࡟࡝ࡇ࠿࡛㌿᥮ࡋ࡞࠸࡜ࠊᶒጾࡢ࠶ࡿ඘ᐇࡋࡓࢸࢫࢺᶵ㛵ࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡇ࡛㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓࢸࢫࢺࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟฼⏝ࡍࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆࡋ࡞࠸࡜ࠊධᏛ⪅ࡢᏛຊ ᐃࡢၥ㢟࡟㝈ࡗ࡚ゝ࠼ࡤࠊၥ㢟ࡣゎỴࡉࢀ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ௒ࠊ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠊᏛ
ຊࡢᐃࢆ࡝࠺ࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡣࠊ኱Ꮫேࡀ⾗▱ࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚ࡸࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ

࡞࠸௙஦ࡢ㸯ࡘ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ࠊᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⌮᝿ㄽ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⚾ࡶᩥ㒊┬ࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿグ⪅᫬௦ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ؐ࡜࠸࠺࠿ࠊࣞࢪ࣓ࣗ࡟ࡶ᭩
࠸ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ㥑ࡅฟࡋࡢ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊኳ㔝ࡉࢇࡢṔྐࡢ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾࡢ୰࡟ࡶ
ฟ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓ㸿᪥⛬ࠊ㹀᪥⛬ࡢ㐃⥆᪉ᘧ࠿ࡽศ㞳࣭ศ๭ධヨ࡟ኚࢃࡿ࡜ࡁࡢ኱
ΰ஘ࢆྲྀᮦࡋࡓ࠸ࡁࡉࡘࡀ࠶ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࠶ࡢ࡜ࡁࡣࠊᅜ❧኱Ꮫࡀඵࣨ
ᓅ᪉ᘧ࡛⮬⏤໬ࡋࡓࡽࡸࡣࡾΰ஘ࡀ㉳ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ㊊୪ࡳࢆᥞ࠼࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞
࠸ࢇࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ศ㞳࣭ศ๭᪉ᘧ࡬ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ࠊࡴࡋࢁ㏫ࡢ
ືࡁ࡜࠸࠺࠿ࠊ⮬⏤࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶࠊࡼࡾ⊃࠸ືࡁ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢ࠿࡞࡜ᛮ
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ᫬ࠎ࡟⩻ᘝࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶཷ㦂⏕ࡢഃ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺Ẽࡀࡍࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ

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－123－

 ࡸࡣࡾ⭡ࢆᣓࡗ࡚ࠊࡁࡕࡗ࡜ࡋࡓධヨไᗘࢆࡸࡿࢇࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡸࡽ࡞࠸
࡜ࠊ࡞࠿࡞࠿࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࠿࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺Ẽࡀࡍࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ㐣
ཤࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡗ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ࡞࠿࡞࠿ࡑࡢ᫬ࠎኻᩋࡢ㐃⥆࡛ࠊ࡞࠿࡞࠿ࡑࡇࡀ࠺ࡲ
ࡃ࠸࠿࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࠿࡞࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㐣ཤࡤ࠿ࡾ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࡶࡋࡼ࠺ࡀ࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊṔྐࡢὶࢀ࡟୍
༊ษࡾࡘࡅࡿព࿡࡛ࠊⲨ஭ࡉࢇࠊ୍ゝ࠾ヰࡋࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡲࡍ࠿ࠋ
‫Ⲩۑ‬஭Ặ ኻᩋࡢ㐃⥆ࡔࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ࠶ࡿព࿡࡛ࡣࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉ࡀࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋධヨࡢ㆟ㄽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝ࠺࡜࡞࠾ࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡅࢀ
࡝ࡶࠊ౛࠼ࡤ௒ᅇ࡛ࡶࠊ኱Ꮫᑂ㆟఍ࡢᖹᡂ12ᖺࡢ⟅⏦࡜࡯ࡰྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀ
┒ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠶ࡓ࠿ࡶྠࡌࡇ࡜ࡀ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋㄽࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡶぢ࠼ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣࡶ࠺ኳ㔝ඛ⏕ࡶྜ⏣ࡉࢇࡶ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊධ
ヨࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿ㧗ᰯ࡜ᩍ⫱ࡢ᥋⥆≧ἣ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ୍࡜ࡁࡶྠࡌ≧ែ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ
ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊືࡃᶆⓗ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㕲◙ࢆᧁࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞࡜ࡇࢁࡀ࠶
ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡔ࠸ࡓ࠸እࢀࡿࠋ㈹࿡ᮇ㝈ࡢษࢀࡓᑐ㇟࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡉࡽ࡟ᪧ࠸ᡭἲࢆ
⏝࠸ࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊື࠸࡚࠸ࡿᶆⓗࢆⴠ࡜ࡍࡇ࡜ࡼࡾࡶࠊࡶ࠺ᑡࡋཎ⌮ⓗ࡞࡜ࡇࢁ࡟㐳ࡗ࡚⪃࠼ࡿ࡭ࡁ᫬ᮇ࡟᮶࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡢࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀࡣඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡢ࠶ࡾࡼ࠺࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࡋࠊఱࢆ ࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶࡑ࠺࡞ࡢࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ౛࠼ࡤ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ࢝ࣞࢵ
ࢪ࣮࣎ࢻࡀࢫ࣏ࣥࢧ࣮ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㹑㸿㹒࡜࠸࠺ヨ㦂ࡣࠊᖺ࠿ࡽ௒࡟⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸿㹁㹒ࡣᖺ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔ࡣࢼ࣏ࣞ࢜ࣥࡢ᫬௦࠿ࡽ࡜࠸࠺ヰ࡛ࡍࡋࠊせࡍࡿ࡟ࠊࡑ࠺㍍ࠎ࡟ࡣไᗘࢆ࠸ࡌࡽ࡞࠸ࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏࡢሙྜࠊ኱ࡁኚ࠼࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡲ
࡛ࡢດຊࢆ✚ࡳୖࡆࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞࡜ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࠊࡑࢇ࡞Ẽࡀ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ௒ࠊⲨ஭ࡉࢇࡀወࡋࡃࡶ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࡛ࡣḟࡣࠊṔྐࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜࡛ᾋ࠿ࡧୖࡀࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢࢆ࡝࠺ᤊ࠼┤ࡍࡢ࠿࡜࠸
࠺࠶ࡓࡾ࡟ヰࡣ㐍ࡴࡢ࠿࡞࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᨵ㠉ࡀࠊ࠶ࡓ࠿ࡶᡤ୚ࡢࡇ࡜࡜ࡋ࡚ㄒࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࡞ࡐᨵ㠉ࡀᚲせ࡞ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺࠶ࡓࡾ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊඛ࡯࡝ྜ⏣ࡉࢇࡣࠊேཱྀࡀῶࡗ

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࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡀࡕࡻ࠺࡝࠸࠸ዎᶵ࡟࡞ࡿࢇࡔ࡜࠸࠺࠾ヰ࡛ࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࡛ࡣࠊ
࡞ࡐᨵ㠉ࡀᚲせ࡛ࠊ࡝ࡇ࡬ྥ࠿࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠸࠸ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺࠶ࡓࡾ࡟ヰࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡶࡑࡶ࡞ࡐᨵ㠉ࡀᚲせ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆၥ࠸ࡓ࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ
ኳ㔝ࡉࢇࠊ࠸࠿ࡀ࡛ࡍ࠿ࠋ
‫ۑ‬ኳ㔝Ặ ࡞ࡐᨵ㠉ࡀᚲせ࠿࡜࠸࠼ࡤࠊඛ࡯࡝ࡢヰࡢ᭱ᚋࡢ࡯࠺࡛ᗄࡘ࠿ၥ㢟ᥦ㉳ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡸࡣࡾධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢၥ㢟ࡀࠊ኱ࡁ࡞㌿᥮Ⅼࢆ㏄࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ౛࠼ࡤ୍⯡ධヨ࡛ࡶࠊస㢟⬟ຊࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ኱Ꮫࡢᩘࡀ㝈ᐃࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ஦ᐇ࡛ࡍࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊཷ㦂⏕㏞ᝨ࡞ධᏛヨ㦂ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡢࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺࡢᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㧗ᰯࡢㄪᰝ᭩ࡢ㸳ẁ㝵ホ౯ࡶࠊ࠿ࡘ࡚ࡣ┦ᑐホ౯࡛ࡋࡓࡀ⤯ᑐホ౯࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ࠿ࡽࠊಙ㢗ᛶ࡟Ḟࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㛫㐪࠸࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑ࠺࡞ࢀࡤࠊ㧗ᰯࡢᏛ⩦฿㐩ᗘࢆఱࡽ࠿ࡢᙧ࡛ᅗࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ㧗ᰯ⏕ᑐ㇟ࡢࢸࢫࢺࡢᚲせㄽࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿࡢࡶࠊࡼࡃࢃ࠿ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࢸࢫࢺࡀ࡞࠸࡜ࠊࡏࡗ࠿ࡃࡢ㸿㹍ධヨࡸ᥎⸀ධヨࡶࠊᏛຊࡢⅬ࡛ᗏᢤࡅ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋ኱Ꮫഃ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⊂⮬࡟Ꮫຊࢆ
ࡤࠊඹ㏻࡟౑࠼ࡿ

ᐃࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡀ࡞࠸࡜ࡍࢀ

ᐃࡢᡭẁࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿᚲせࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿࠋಶᛶⓗ࡞㑅ᢤࢆ⾜࠾࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡶࠊ࣮࣋ࢩࢵࢡ࡞Ꮫຊࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪉ἲ
ࢆࠊ඲య࡛⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡀࠊ௒ᨵ㠉ࡀᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ኱ࡁ࡞
⌮⏤ࡢ୍ࡘࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࡢ㐍ࡴ୰࡛ࠊ࢚࣮ࣜࢺ኱Ꮫ࣭◊✲኱Ꮫࡶࠊ࠸ࢃࡤ⮬ᐙ୰ẘࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚ධヨ୍ᮏᵕࡣࡔࡵࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢධᏛ
⪅㑅ᢤࡢᯟࢆタࡅࡿ᪉ྥ࡟ືࡁฟࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚ᩍဨࡀホ౯ࡋ㑅ᢤࡍࡿ௙⤌ࡳ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘᯟࢆᗈࡆࡽࢀࡿࡢ࠿ࢃ࠿ࡾࡲࡏࢇ
ࡀࠊᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶࡑ࠺࠸࠺ᨵ㠉ࡢືࡁࡀ⮬Ⓨⓗ࡟ฟ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ホ౯ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡣᨵ㠉ࡀᚲせࡔ࡜࠸࠺ㄆ㆑ࡀࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺࢚࣮ࣜࢺࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ
◊✲኱Ꮫࡢ୰࡟ࡶ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ㇟ᚩࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ໬ࡀࡇࡇࡲ࡛᮶ࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ௒ࡸ᪂ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜
ࢆ᯾࠿⪃࠼࡚ᐇ⾜ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ☜࠿ࡔ

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－125－

࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ࡑ࠺࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊඹ㏻࡟ࡣ࠿ࡿ㒊ศ࡜ࡑ࠺࡛࡞࠸࡜ࡇࢁࢆศࡅ࡚⪃࠼࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ
‫ۑ‬ኳ㔝Ặ ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࡡࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ඛ࡯࡝Ⲩ஭ࡉࢇࡢࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ㸴࡛ࠊ㧗ᰯ࡜኱Ꮫࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ㔜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊࢡࣟࢫࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ែ࡛⾲⌧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ㧗ᰯ࡜኱Ꮫ࡜࠸
࠺ࡢࡣ㐃⥆ᛶࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ㧗ᰯᩍ⫱ࡢඛ࡟኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡢࡀࡇࢀࡲ࡛
ࡢᙜࡓࡾ๓ࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡔࡗࡓ࡜ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࡝࠺ࡶࡑ࠺࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡽࡋ࠸
࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀⲨ஭ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡍࠋࡑࡇࡢᣢࡘព࿡ࠊࡑࢀ࡜㑅ᢤ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡝࠺ࡘ
࡞ࡀࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࢇ࡛ࡍ࠿ࠋ
‫Ⲩۑ‬஭Ặ ᐇࡣࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ㸴ࢆࡈࡽࢇ࠸ࡓࡔࡃ࡜ࠊಶูヨ㦂ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡇࢁ
࡛᩿㠃ࡀࠊ㧗ᰯࡢ࡯࠺࡟㸱ศࡢ㸰ࡄࡽ࠸ࡣࡳฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
 ඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺࡢᛶ᱁࡙ࡅ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ኳ㔝ඛ⏕࠿ࡽ࠾ヰࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊᐇࡣ⌧ᅾࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡛ࡶࠊ࡞ࡐ࢔ࣛ࢝ࣝࢺ᪉ᘧ࡞ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺␲ၥࡀฟࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࢔ࣛ࢝ࣝࢺ᪉ᘧࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡣࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛⮬❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ
࡞ࡃࠊಶู኱Ꮫࡢ฼⏝ἲ࡟౫Ꮡࡍࡿؐࡑࢀࢆ࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩ࣏ࣙࣥࣜࢩ࣮࡜࿧ࡪ࡭
ࡁ࡞ࢇࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࢔ࣛ࢝ࣝࢺ᪉ᘧࡢඹ㏻ヨ㦂ࡣࠊ⛉┠࡛ษࡾ኎ࡾ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ࡜࠸࠺ࡔࡅࡢព࿡࡛
ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ኱Ꮫࡀᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᏛຊ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⪃࠼᪉ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣධᏛ⪅࡟ᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢ୍㒊࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢࡇࢀࡀ౑࠼ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᙧࡀ
ඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺࡢ฼⏝ἲ࡞ࡢࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋྛ኱Ꮫࡢಶูヨ㦂ࡣࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࠊ
㧗ᰯᩍ⫱࡟ᮇᚅ࡜࠸࠺ࡣࡳฟࡋࡓ㒊ศࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࡼ࠸ࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡔࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ
ไᗘⓗ࡟ࡣ⌧ᅾࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ㧗ᰯᩍ⫱࡜኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࡀ✚ࡳୖࡆࡢᙧ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ
࠿ࡽࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡞㒊ศࡣඹ㏻ヨ㦂࡛ᢕᥱࡋ࡚࠾࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀࠊ
ࡇࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡟┒ࡾ㎸ࡶ࠺࡜ࡋࡓ⪃࠼࡛ࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ࠸ࢃࡺࡿᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿࡟‽ᣐࡍࡿ㒊ศ࡜ࡣࡳฟࡍ㒊ศࢆ͐͐
‫Ⲩۑ‬஭Ặ ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࡡ͐͐ࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡣࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿࡟‽ᣐࡋ࡚ࡘࡃࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ㧗ᰯࡢඛ⏕᪉ࡢ୰࡟ࡣࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢⰋၥࡢព࿡ࢆ
Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡢㄞࡳ᪉ࡢ㐪࠸࡛ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿேࡓࡕࡶ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᩍ⛉᭩࡟グ㏙



－126－

ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ▱㆑࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑࡇ࡟⾑ࢆ㏻ࢃࡏࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ୕ゅ㛵ᩘ㸯ࡘ࡜ࡗ࡚ࡳ࡚ࡶࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡛ࡢᩘᏛࡢ୕ゅ㛵ᩘࡢၥ㢟ࢆࡈࡽࢇ࠸ࡓࡔࡃ࡜ࠊ
ᩍ⛉᭩࡟࡛࡚ࡃࡿ୕ゅ㛵ᩘࡢၥ㢟࡜ࡣ㐪ࡗࡓษࡾཱྀࡀぢ࠼࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ព
࿡࡛ࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿࡟‽ᣐࡋࡘࡘࡶࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡣᩍ⛉᭩࡜㐪ࡗࡓᩍᮦࢆᥦ
౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ࡓࡔࠊୡࡢ୰ࡢே࠿ࡽࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ㧗኱᥋⥆࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㧗ᰯᩍ⫱ࡢୖ࡟኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࡀ஌ࡗ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ㐃⥆ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࢇࡔ࡜࠸࠺࢖࣓࣮ࢪ࡛ࠊࡇ
ࢀࡲ࡛ᩍ⫱ไᗘࡢ୰࡛ࡑ࠺ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡼࡡࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࡇࡢඛࡣࡶࡓ࡞࠸࡜࠸
࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍ࠿ࠋ
‫Ⲩۑ‬஭Ặ ࡑࢀࡣ᭱ᚋࡢ᭱ᚋ࡟⏦ࡋୖࡆࡼ࠺࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ࡝࠺ࡶࢃ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸㒊ศ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊ௒ࠊẼ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ᑜࡡ
ࡋࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࡛ࡣࠊ᭱ᚋࡢᴦࡋࡳ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡋ࡚ࠋ ࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡇࡇ࠿ࡽࡣࠕධヨᨵ㠉ࡢࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࠖࡀ㆟ㄽࡢࡋ࡝ࡇࢁ࡟࡞
ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡣࠊࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺྠኈ࡛࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁၥ㢟ࢆฟࡋྜࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡇ࠿ࡽඛࡣࠊᜍࡽࡃ఍ሙࡢⓙࡉࢇゝ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࡓ
ࡃࡉࢇ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡣࡈᣦྡ࡛࠾ヰࡋࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ
ࠕನ࡟ゝࢃࡏࢁࠖ࡜࠸࠺᪉ࡶ࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࠋࡓࡔࠊ࠾᩿ࡾ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ
࡝ࡶࠊ㛗࠸₇ㄝࡣࡸࡵ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ㸰ศ⛬ᗘ࡛࣏࢖ࣥࢺࢆ⤠ࡗ࡚࠾ヰࡋࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅከࡃࡢேࡀⓎゝ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟
ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ⡆₩࡟࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
 ࡈⓎゝࡉࢀࡿ᪉ࡣࡈᡤᒓ࡜ࠊࡲࡎࡣ⤖ㄽ࠿ࡽඛ࡟࠾ヰࡋ࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤ࡜ᛮ࠸
ࡲࡍࠋ‫ۑ‬ụ⏣Ặ㸦≉ᐃ㠀Ⴀ฼άືἲே඲ᅜ᳨ᐃ᣺⯆ᶵᵓ⌮஦㛗࣭ඖ❧ᩍ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ㸧 ௒ࡣࡶ࠺኱Ꮫࡣᐃᖺ࡛ࠊ๓ࡣ❧ᩍ኱Ꮫ࡛ࠊධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡟ࡶ㠀ᖖ໅࡛࠸ࢁ࠸
ࢁཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࢖ࢣࢲ࡜⏦ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ௒ࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞㆟ㄽࡀฟ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛Ẽ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ
㸰ࡘࡔࡅᣲࡆ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸯ࡘࡣࠊ௒᪥ࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡣ㑅ᢤヨ㦂࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ㑅ᢤࡢ᫬௦ࡣࡶ
࠺⤊ࢃࡾ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺Ẽࡀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ㸯ࡘࠋ



－127－

 ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊࢸࢫࢺ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࢆᢤࡁ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡣ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ௒
ࡲ࡛ࡢࢸࢫࢺࡢⓎ㐩ࡣࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࡜㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࢆࠊࢸࢫࢺ࡛ఱࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡔ
ࡁࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ ࡶ࠺ᑡࡋヲࡋࡃ࠾ヰࡋࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ㑅ᢤࢸࢫࢺࡀၥ㢟ࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ௒ࠊྛ኱Ꮫ
࡛࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅඃ⚽࡞ேࢆ࡜ࡾࡓ࠸ࠊࡑࡢ኱Ꮫ࡟ྥ࠸࡚࠸ࡿேࢆ࡜ࡾࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺
ࡇ࡜ࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚㑅ᢤࢸࢫࢺࡀ࠶ࡿࢇ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ᫇ࠊ⚾ࡀᏛ⏕ࡢࡇࢁࡣ኱Ꮫ࡟⾜ࡃேࡣ㸣ࡶ࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ேࡓࡕࢆ㑅ࡪ᫬௦࡜ࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊ௒ࡢࡼ࠺࡟኱Ꮫࡢ࢟ࣕࣃࢩࢸ࢕ࡀቑ࠼࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊࡑࡋ࡚Ꮫ⏕ࡢᩘࡀ௒ᗘࡣ኱Ꮫࡼࡾࡶୗᅇࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ⡆༢࡟ゝ࠼ࡤ኱Ꮫ඲ධࡢ᫬௦࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ
࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣࠊ㑅ᢤࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚ࠊ᫇ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ඃ⚽࡞⏕ᚐࢆ࡜ࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽእࢀࡓ㸣ؐ㸣ࡔࡗࡓࡽ㸣ࡢேࡓࡕࡣࠊ
ఱࡶ⪃࠼࡚࠸࡞࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡼࠋ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ඲ධ᫬௦࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡽࠊࡑࡇ
࡛ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ኱Ꮫࡀ⮬ศ࡟ྥ࠸ࡓேࢆ࡜ࡾࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ
እࡉࢀࡓேࡣ࡝࠺ࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࠋ ᅜ඲య࡛⪃࠼ࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺㑅ᢤ࠿ࡽ₃ࢀࡓேࡓࡕࡤ࠿ࡾࡀ㞟ࡲࡿࡼ࠺࡞኱Ꮫࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶᅔࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ேࡓࡕࡢฎ⌮ࢆ࡝࠺ࡍࡿ࠿ࢆᅜ඲య
࡜ࡋ࡚⪃࠼࡚ࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡣࠊ㧗ᰯࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝඲ධ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ኱Ꮫࡶ௒ࡢ࢟
ࣕࣃࢩࢸ࢕ࡀቑ࠼ࡓ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊࡶࡗ࡜ቑ࠼ࡿ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜࠸࠺ពぢࡶᙉ࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍ
ࡡࠋ௬࡟኱Ꮫ඲ධ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊࡑࡢேࡓࡕࢆ࡝࠺㓄ศࡍࡿ࠿ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺㆟ㄽࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ኱஦ࡔࢁ࠺࡜⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠋ 㸰␒┠ࡢࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢၥ㢟ࡣࠊ௒ࡲ࡛ࡢࢸࢫࢺࡢⓎ㐩ࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࢀࡤࠊึ
ࡵࡣࠊ౛࠼ࡤⱥㄒࡢၥ㢟࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ࿴ヂࡋࡓࡾࠊ࿴ᩥࢆⱥヂࡋࡓࡾ࡜࠸࠺ヨ㦂ࡀከ࠿ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ⚾࡝ࡶࡢࡇࢁ࠿ࡽࡣ㐍㐺ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᐈほᘧ࡞ࢸࢫࢺ
ࡀฟ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ୰࡟ᙜ࡚ࡣࡵ࡚࡛ࡁࡓᩘࢆᩘ࠼ࢀࡤࠊࡑࢀ࡛Ⅼࡀฟࡿࡼ࠺࡞
ᙧ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡀࡉࡽ࡟㐍ࢇ࡛ࡃࡿ࡜࣐࣮ࢡᘧ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆᶵᲔࡀ
᥇Ⅼࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ࠾࠿ࡆ࡛ఱ༑୓ேࠊ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣఱⓒ୓ே࡜࠸࠺ேࢆ
᥇Ⅼࡋ࡚ඃຎࢆỴࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ௒ࡣࡶࡗ࡜㐍ࢇ࡛ࡁ࡚ࠊ౛࠼ࡤ㹒㹍㹃㹄㹊ࡣࠊࡈᏑࡌࡢࡼ࠺࡟඲㒊



－128－

ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㹒㹍㹃㹄㹊㹧㹀㹒࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ࡜ࠊⅬ‶Ⅼ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊୡ⏺ࡌࡹ࠺ࡢேࡀࡑࢀࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ
ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢩࢸ࢕࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊࢸࣞࣅࢆぢࢀࡤࣁ࣮ࣂ࣮ࢻ࡞ࡾ㹋㹇㹒࡞ࡾࡢ኱Ꮫࡢࢥ࣮ࢫࡀཷࡅࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺᫬௦࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊ
㑅ᢤࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊᏛຊࡀࡑࢀࡔࡅࠊࢸࣞࣅࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ୖࡀࡗ࡚
ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡶホ౯ࡍࡿࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺᫬௦࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺᫬௦ࡀ
ୡ⣖࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᑐ⟇ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㸰Ⅼࡈᣦ᦬࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺࡢᅇ⟅ࡣᚲせ࡛ࡍ࠿ࠋࡈពぢ࡜ࡋ࡚ఛ࠼ࡤ࠸࠸࡛ࡍ࠿ࠋ
‫ۑ‬ụ⏣Ặ ࡣ࠸ࠋ‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ࡈពぢ࡜ࡋ࡚ఛ࠼ࡤ࠸࠸࡛ࡍ࠿ࠋ 㑅ᢤࡢ᫬௦ࡣ⤊ࢃࡾࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡜ࠊࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ᢤࡁ࡟ࡣ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸࡜
࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࠋࡇࢀࡣᜍࡽࡃⓙࡉࢇඹ㏻ࡢㄢ㢟ព㆑࡜ࡋ࡚ᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿ࠿࡜ᛮ࠸
ࡲࡍࠋ‫ۑ‬ᮏ㒓Ặ㸦❧࿨㤋⥲㛗≉ู⿵బ࣭❧࿨㤋኱ᏛᩥᏛ㒊ᩍᤵ㸧 ඛ࡯࡝ኳ㔝ඛ⏕࡟ࠊ㛵すࡢ᯾⚾❧኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣᩘⓒࡢཷࡅࡿ᪉ἲࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡓ❧࿨㤋ࡢᮏ㒓࡜⏦ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ᜍࡽࡃ࠺ࡕࡢ኱Ꮫࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࢇࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡈᢎ▱ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾࠊ࠿ࡘ࡚ࡣ࢔ࣛ࢝ࣝࢺධヨ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟㠀ᖖ࡟ከᵝ࡞ධヨࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊᐇࡣධᏛࡋ࡚࠿ࡽࡢᏛ⏕ࡢ㹅㹎㸿ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚ࡳ
ࡲࡍ࡜ࠊࡑࢀ࡯࡝ධヨࡢᯟ࡟ࡼࡿᕪࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ☜࠿࡟㸯ᖺ⏕᫬ࡢᡂ⦼ࡣࠊࢭࣥࢱ
࣮ヨ㦂࡜࠿ከᩍ⛉࣭ከ⛉┠ᆺࡢධヨࢆཷࡅࡓᏊࡣ㧗࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ㸲ᖺ㛫࡞࡭࡚ࡳࡲࡍ࡜㹅㹎㸿ࡣࡑࢀ࡯࡝ኚࢃࡽࡎ࡟ࠊࡴࡋࢁ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ᐇ⦼ࠊᑵ⫋ᐇ⦼࠿ࡽゝ࠺࡜ࠊ㏫࡟ࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊ㸿㹍ධヨ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠿≉ู᥎⸀࡛ධࡗ࡚ࡁࡓᏊ
ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀᐇ⦼ࢆୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡜ࡇࢁࡀᖺ௦ࠊᖺࡄࡽ࠸࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍ࠿ࠊࡸࡣࡾ≉ูධヨ࡛ධࡗࡓᏊࡣ
Ꮫຊⓗ࡟࠿࡞ࡾၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࠊ࡜ࡾࢃࡅ⌮⣔ࡢᏛ㒊࡛ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ኌࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊ
࠸ࡘࡲ࡛ࡶ኱Ꮫࡢ࣓ࣜࢹ࢕࢔࡛ࣝࡍ࡭࡚ࢆ⿵࠺ࢃࡅ࡟࠸࠿࡞࠸ࠊࡸࡣࡾ୍ᐃࡢ
ᇶ♏Ꮫຊࡣᚲせࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠿࡞ࡾᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊ௒ᖺࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛⏦ࡋࡲࡍ



－129－

࡜኱య㸣ࡣᏛຊヨ㦂࡛ධࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡟ኚ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝
ࡶࠊኚ࠼ࡓࡽኚ࠼ࡓ࡛ࡇࢀࡲࡓၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ಶᛶࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚
ࡋࡲ࠺ࠊฟᖍ⋡ࡀࡸࡓࡽ㧗࠸ࡅࢀ࡝ࡶຮᙉࡣࡋ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࠊఱ࠿㢦ࡢ࡞࠸Ꮫ⏕ࡀቑ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ឤࡀྰࡵ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀᏛෆ࡛㏫࡟ၥ㢟࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ௒ᗘࠊ㧗ᰯࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡀ᪂ࡋࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ᩍ⛉Ꮫຊࢆぢ┤ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡽࠊࡶ࠺୍ᗘ࢔ࣛ࢝ࣝࢺධヨࡢ᚟άࡶ࠶ࡾᚓࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸
࠿ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶゝࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊ௒ḟࡢᩍ⫱෌⏕ᐇ⾜఍㆟ࡢ⟅⏦࡛ࡶࠊ኱Ꮫࡢከᵝᛶ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࡸࡓࡽᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊᏛ⏕ࡢከᵝᛶ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ࡞
ࡐࡶ࠺ᑡࡋὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿ࠋࡸࡣࡾከᵝ࡞Ꮫ⏕ࡀ㞟࠺୰࡛࠾஫࠸࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋྜࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡀ኱Ꮫ㸲ᖺ㛫ࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ᡂ㛗࡟⤖ࡧࡘࡃ㒊ศࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊࡑ
ࡢ࠶ࡓࡾࢆࡶ࠺ᑡࡋព㆑ࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࡢ኱Ꮫධヨࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡳࡓ࠸࡞ࡶࡢࢆ࠾⪃࠼࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀࠊ⚾❧኱Ꮫ࡟ዊ⫋ࡍࡿ❧ሙ࡟࠶ࡿ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⋡┤࡞ពぢ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ௒᪥ࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡀࠕධヨᨵ㠉ࡢᗙᶆ㍈࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡢᗙᶆ㍈࡜ࡋ࡚࡝࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆᤣ࠼ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊ୍ࡘࡢ␲ၥⅬࢆᢞࡆࡽࢀࡓࡢ࠿࡞࡜࠸࠺Ẽࡀࡋࡲࡍࠋ‫Ⲩۑ‬஭Ặ ࠸ࡲࠊᮏ㒓ඛ⏕ࡀ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓᏛ⏕ࡢከᵝᛶ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ௨๓࡟
ࣁ࣡࢖኱Ꮫࡢඛ⏕࡜㆟ㄽࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊࠕ᪥ᮏࡢከᵝᛶ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣᏳ┤࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠖ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᏛ⏕ࡀከᵝ໬ࡋࡓࡽࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㐍Ꮫ⪅ࡀከᵝ໬ࡋࡓࡽ᪥ᮏࡢ኱Ꮫࡣከᵝ໬ࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࢀ௨ୖࡢ㆟ㄽࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ල
ྜ࡛ࡍࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ኱Ꮫؐ࡜୍⯡໬ࡋ࡚ࡼ࠸࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢃ࠿ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊᙜヱ኱Ꮫࡢᩍ⫱┠ⓗ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ᚲせ࡞ከᵝᛶࡀ࡝࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ᚲṚ࡟㆟ㄽࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠊ࡜ࠋࠕከᵝ໬ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㆟ㄽࡢᮎ࡟⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊఱ࠿እ⏺࡟࠶ࡿከᵝᛶࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲཷࡅධࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛
ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊ࡜ࠋ኱Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿከᵝᛶ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡑࡢᩍ⫱┠ᶆ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢ㈉⊩ᗘ࡛ࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢࠊ࡝࠺࠸࠺Ꮫ⏕㞟ᅋࡀᩍ⫱࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ᚲせ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࢹࢨ࢖

ࣥࡀ࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩ࣏ࣙࣥࣜࢩ࣮࡞ࢇࡔ࡜ゝࡗ࡚ࡃࢀࡓேࡀ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ


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－130－

 ᜍࡽࡃࡑࡢ✀ࡢ㆟ㄽࡣࠊ❧࿨㤋࡛ࡣ༑ศ࡟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ
୍⯡ⓗ࡟ࡣࠊከᵝ໬࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣୡࡢ୰ࡢὶࢀࡔ࡜࠸࠺ཷࡅධࢀ᪉ࡀከ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ
࡞࠸࠿ࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࠊᩍ⫱┠ᶆ࡜Ꮫ⏕㞟ᅋࡢ㛵ಀࡣ୍኱ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ
࠸ࡲࡍࠋ‫⏣ྜۑ‬Ặ ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡿ࡜࠾ࡾࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋෑ㢌ゝ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ᥋⥆࡜࠸࠺ࡩ࠺࡟ᤊ࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊ኱Ꮫࡢᩘؐࡶࡗ࡜ゝ࠼ࡤ኱Ꮫࡢ୰ࡢࡉࡽ࡟⣽࠿࠸༢఩࠿
ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀؐᏛ⏕ࡢᩘࡔࡅ⪃࠼࡚࠸࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔ
࡜ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࡣࠊ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࣐ࢫࡢ㒊ศࡣ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞
ᕤኵࢆࡉࢀ࡚ࠊ࠿࡞ࡾ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋኻᩋࡢ㐃⥆ࡔ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊヨ⾜㘒ㄗࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋၥ㢟ࡣࠊࡈࡃ୍㒊ࡢᏛຊ㔜ど࠿ࡽ㏨ࢀࡽࢀ࡞࠸⎔ቃ࡟࠶ࡿ኱Ꮫࡀࡍࡈࡃࡶࡀ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡇࢁࡔ࡜ᛮ
࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ ࡓࡔࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࡸࡣࡾ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ⓗ࡞ከᵝᛶࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ㢼ᅵ࡟ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡣࡲࡔ
ࡑࡇࡲ࡛࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ௒ࠊⲨ஭ඛ⏕ࡶ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ
ከᵝᛶ࡜ゝ࠺࡜࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞Ꮫ⏕ࡀ࠸ࡿࡼࡡ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊఱ࡜࡞ࡃࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞
ᤊ࠼᪉ࢆࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺㒊ศࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡴࡋࢁ࣐ࢫࡢ㒊ศ࡛ࡣࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࡣ࠿࡞ࡾⓗ☜࡟ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ᕤኵࡀࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟
⚾ࡣᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ௒᪥ࡣ࡝࠺ࡶ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ㛵ಀ⪅ࡀከ࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ㑅ᢤࡍࡿഃ࠿ࡽࡢ㆟ㄽࡀከ࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ㑅ᢤࡉࢀࡿഃ࠿ࡽࠕ࠶࡞ࡓ᪉ࡢ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡣࢃ࠿ࡿࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛ࡍ࠿ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ཯ㄽࡸࡈពぢࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ
࠿ࠋ௒ࠊ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᨵ㠉ࡢ᪉ྥᛶࡣࠊࡶ࠺኱య࠸࠸ࢇࡔ࡜࠸࠺ឤࡌ
࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ
‫ۑ‬༡㢼ཎẶ㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱◊✲⛉㛗㸧 ᮾி኱Ꮫࡢᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊࡟࠾ࡾࡲࡍ
༡㢼ཎ࡜⏦ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ᩍ⫱㛵ಀ࡞ࡢ࡛ཷ㦂ࡍࡿഃ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࠿ࡽࠊ௒ࠊྥ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ྥࡢ㸯ࡘࠊ
㸯Ⅼ้ࡳࢆẁ㝵ู࡟࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣཷ㦂⏕ࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽࡍࡿ࡜㠀ᖖ࡟ලྜࡢᝏ࠸㒊ศࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊඛ࡯࡝ࡈⓎゝࡉࢀࡓụ⏣ኸ㸦࢖ࢣࢲࣄࣟࢩ㸧ඛ⏕ࡶࢸࢫࢺࡢᑓ㛛



－131－

ᐙ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡶ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡜ලྜࡀᝏࡃ࡚ࡑࡢὶࢀࡢࡲࡲ࡛ࡼ
࠸࡜ࡣ㛵ಀ⪅ࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡇࢆⓎゝࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
 㸯Ⅼ้ࡳࠊ౛࠼ࡤ඲㒊࡛Ⅼࡔ࡜ࡍࢀࡤศࡢ㸯ࠊศࡢ㸰࡜࠸࠺้ࡳࡀ
࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀࢆ㸳ẁ㝵࡟ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࠊࡑࡢ㔜ࡳࡀࡑࡢࡲࡲⅬࡢࡲࡲࡔ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊศࡢࠊศࡢࠊศࡢ࡜Ⅼ้ࡳ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࢃ
ࡅ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ㸯Ⅼᕪࡋ࠿࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡀⅬ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡾ࡜ࠊ༙ศࡢ
Ⅼᩘࡣᣑ኱ࡉࢀ༙ศࡢⅬᩘࡣ⦰ᑠࡉࢀࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ᚓⅬࡢ᥮⟬ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛
ࡍࡡࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ࠶ࡿẁ㝵ࡢᏊ౪ࡓࡕࡣᗄࡽ㡹ᙇࡗ࡚ࡶศࡢ࠿ࡽୖ࡟⾜࠿࡞࠸ࠊࡕࡻࡗ࡜㐪࠺࡜ࡇࢁࡣࡍࡄศࡢ࡟ⴠࡕ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠊศࡢ࡟ୖ
ࡀࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋດຊࡀࡑࡢࡲࡲࢫࢥ࢔࡟⤖ࡧࡘ࠿࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺㠀ᖖ࡟ලྜࡢᝏ࠸
࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠊᏛ⩦ᣦᑟࡢ㠃࡛ࡶཷ㦂⏕ࡢ❧ሙ࡛ࡶฟ࡚ࡃࡿ࠿࡞࡜ࠋࡲࡓࠊ ᐃㄽࡢ㠃࠿ࡽࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟ලྜࡀᝏ࠸࡜ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡢ㎶ࢆ᥎ࡋ㐍ࡵࡿ࡜ࡋࡓࡽࠊ
ᩍ⫱ᐃࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡓࡕࡶࡓࡃࡉࢇ࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡢேࡓࡕ࡟ࡶពぢࢆ⪺࠸࡚㐍ࡵࡿࡢࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ఍ሙ࡟ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪉ࡀ࠸ࡽࡋ࡚ࠊఱ࠿ࡇࢀࢆゝࡗ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺
ࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ࠿ࠋ ௒᪥ࡣ࣮࣮࣋࢝ࡉࢇࡢ࠾ヰ࡟ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓ࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡣ࠿ࢀࡿᏛຊ
࡜ࡣ࠿ࢀ࡞࠸Ꮫຊࢆ┦ᙜ࣑ࢵࢡࢫࡋ࡚ࡣ࠿ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡞ࡢ࠿࡞࡜
ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏࡔ࡜ࠊ▱㆑ࡣ๭࡜ࡣ࠿ࡾࡸࡍ࠸࡜࠸࠺࠿ࠊᏛຊ࡜ࡋ࡚ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜▱㆑௨እࡢࡣ
࠿ࢀ࡞࠸Ꮫຊࢆ࡝࠺ホ౯ࡍࡿࢇࡔࡳࡓ࠸࡞ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡑࡇࡢ≀ᕪࡋࡀ࡝࠺ࡶᐃࡲ
ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺Ẽࡀࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢኟ࡟ࢸࢫࢺᏛ఍࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ᣍ࠿ࢀ࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ౛࠼ࡤㄽᩥࡢホ౯࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣホ౯ᇶ‽ࡀ୍ಶ୍ಶỴࡲࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊㄽᩥ࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡶࡋ
ࢁ࠸࠿ࡽᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊㄽᩥ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡼࡃ᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽⅬᩘࡀ㧗࠸ࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࠕ࠾ࡶࡋࢁ࿡ࡣ࡞࠸ࡅࢀ࡝ࡶⅬᩘࡢ࡜ࢀࡿㄽᩥࠖ㧗ᰯഃࡣࡑ࠺
࠸࠺ᣦᑟࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ヰࢆ⪺࠸࡚ࠊධヨᨵ㠉ࡣࡑࢀ࡛ᮏᮎ㌿ಽ࡟࡞ࡽ࡞࠸
࠿࡜࠸࠺Ẽࡀࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑࡢ࠶ࡓࡾࠊ࡝࠺ࡸࡗ࡚ࡣ࠿ࢀ࡞
࠸ࡶࡢࢆࡣ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࠿ࠋࡶ࠺ࡣ࠿ࢀࡿࢇࡔ࡜࠸࠺๓ᥦ࡛㆟ㄽࡀ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡞



－132－

Ẽࡀࡋ࡚ࡋࡼ࠺ࡀ࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࣃࢿࣜࢫࢺࡢ᪉ࠊࡑࡢ࠶ࡓࡾࡣ࡝࠺࡛
ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ
‫ۑ‬ኳ㔝Ặ ඛ࡯࡝ụ⏣ඛ⏕࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡈⓎゝࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࡸࡣࡾࣘࢽ
ࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ໬ࡀ㐍ࢇࡔࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᏛຊࢆࡣ࠿ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢព࿡ࡀ኱ࡁࡃኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ
ࡓ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ௒࡛ࡶ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ㞴㛵ᰯࡣࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࠿ࡘ࡚ࡣࠊᏛຊヨ㦂ࡣ㐍Ꮫᕼᮃ⪅࡟ᗎิࢆࡘࡅ࡚ᐃဨࡲ࡛ษࡾⴠ࡜ࡍࠊࡑࡢ୍␒බᖹ࡞᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚
㸯Ⅼ้ࡳࡢᏛຊホ౯ࡀࡸࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ௒ࡶᮾி኱Ꮫࢆึࡵ㞴㛵ᰯࡣࡑࢀ࡛ࡸࡗ
࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ၥ㢟ࡣࠊᏛຊࢆࡣ࠿ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢព࿡ࡀࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㐍Ꮫᕼᮃ⪅ࡢᗎิ࡙ࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞
ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ኱Ꮫࡀ࡝ࢇ࡝ࢇቑ࠼࡚ࠊ࣐ࢪࣙࣜࢸ࢕࡟㏆ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜
࡟࠶ࡿࡢࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ኱Ꮫ࡛Ꮫຊࢆ

ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢព࿡ࡣࠊ㸦㑅ᢤࡢࡓࡵࡢヨ㦂࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ඛ࡯࡝࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀ㸧ࠊせࡣࠊධᏛᚋࡢᩍ⫱࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡃᏛຊࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺᪉ྥ࡟ࠊ
኱ࡁࡃኚࢃࡗࡓࠊᡈࡣኚࢃࡽࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ࡑ࠺࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊྛ኱Ꮫࡀಶู࡟⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿධヨࡣ࠶ࡲࡾព࿡ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ
ᶆ‽໬ࡉࢀࡓඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࠊ౑࠺࡭ࡁࡔ࡜࠸࠺᪉ྥ࡟඲యࡀື࠸࡚࠸ࡃࠋ
⌮᝿ㄽࢆゝ࠼ࡤࠊ౛࠼ࡤࠊ┳ㆤ⣔ࡢ኱Ꮫࡀ࡝ࢇ࡝ࢇቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ┳ㆤ⣔ࡢ኱Ꮫࡣ┳ㆤᖌ࡜ࡋ࡚ᑓ㛛ᩍ⫱ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ༞ᴗᚋ࡟࠿ᅜᐙヨ㦂ࡀᚅࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ
┳ㆤᖌ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᑓ㛛ᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡿ࡟ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸ᇶ♏ⓗ࡞Ꮫຊࡣఱ࠿ࠊྛ኱Ꮫࡀ
ࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟ヨ㦂ࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࡑࢀࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢඹ㏻ࡢࢸࢫࢺࡀ࠶
ࡗ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㆟ㄽࡀ┳ㆤ㛵ಀ⪅ࡢ㛫࡛㉳ࡇࡗ࡚ࡶ୙ᛮ㆟ࡀ࡞࠸≧ἣ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ࡞࠿࡞࠿ࡑ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ௒ࡢ
≧ἣ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ ධࡗ࡚ࡃࡿᏛ⏕ࡀࠊᏛຊⓗ࡟ከᵝ໬ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ໬ࡢ㐍ࢇࡔ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣ㑊ࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋධᏛヨ㦂ࡼࡾࡶࠊධࡗ࡚ࡁࡓᚋࡢᏛ⏕ࢆ࡝࠺ࡍࡿ
࠿ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᩍ⫱ࡍࡿ࠿ࡢ᪉࡟ࠊ㔜Ⅼࡀ⛣ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢព࿡
࡛ࠊࡶ࠺ධᏛ⪅ࠕ㑅ᢤ࡛ࠖࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᕞ❧኱Ꮫࡢከࡃࡣ᪩ࡃ࠿ࡽࠊ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥᨻ⟇ࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊྠ᫬࡟࣮࢜ࣉ࡛ࣥධࢀࡓᏛ⏕ࡀࠊධᏛᚋ࡟Ꮫຊ࡛Ὲửࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ



－133－

௙⤌ࡳࢆࠊ᪩ࡃ࠿ࡽྲྀࡾධࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟༞ᴗ⋡ࡀప࠸ࠋ᪥ᮏࡣ
㸷๭㏆ࡃࢆ༞ᴗࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊධᏛࡉࡏࡓᚋࠊᑓ㛛ᩍ⫱࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡅ
ࡿࡔࡅࡢᏛຊࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࠊ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ⿵⩦ᩍ⫱࡛⿵ࡗ࡚ࡸࡿࡓࡵࡢ
ᡭẁ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᶆ‽໬ࡉࢀࡓࢸࢫࢺࡀ㔜せᛶࢆቑࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ⌧ᐇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋࡑࡢ⌧ᐇ࡟┠ࢆࡘࡪࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ ࢸࢫࢺࡣ฼⏝ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊධᏛ⪅ᩘࢆࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡍࡿᡭẁ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࢸࢫࢺ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࢆࠊ኱Ꮫ㛵ಀ⪅ࡀࡸࡵ࡞࠸㝈ࡾඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺࡣ⫱ࡓ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ௒ࡢ࠾ヰࢆఛ࠺㝈ࡾࠊࡑ࠺ࡔ࡜ࡍࢀࡤࠊᵓ᝿ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ฿㐩ᗘࢸࢫࢺ㸦ᇶ♏㸧ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ஦㊊ࡾࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡍ࠿ࠋ
‫ۑ‬ኳ㔝Ặ ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢၥ㢟ࡣࠊࢸࢫࢺ࡛ఱࢆࡣ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿࡛ࡍࠋ௚ࡢᅜࡢ
ࡇ࡜ࡣࡼࡃ▱ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣࢸࢫࢺ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡀ㦫ࡃ࡯࡝ஈࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛
ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋࢸࢫࢺᏛ఍ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊᑓ㛛ᐙࡢ᪉ࠎࡢ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁࡈⱞປࡶ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ
࠺ࡀࠊᏛຊᐃࠊ≉࡟኱ᏛධᏛ⪅ࡢ㑅ᢤࡸホ౯࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡿᏛຊ

ᐃࡢࡓࡵࡢࢸ

ࢫࢺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ୍᫬ᮇࡣᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢ㛵ಀ⪅ࡢ᪉ࠎࡢࡈດຊࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ
௒ࡣ◊✲⪅ࡢᒙࡀⷧࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ ධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ⭾኱࡞ࢸࢫࢺࡢࢫࢺࢵࢡࠊస㢟࡜ࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᡂ⦼
ࡢⳘ኱࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀࡀᏛຊ

ᐃࡢᨵၿ࡟㐺ษ࠿ࡘ༑ศ࡟ά

⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡽࠊṇ┤࡞࡜ࡇࢁࠊࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ 㐩ᡂᗘࢸࢫࢺ࡛ࠊ㸰ࡘࡢࢱ࢖ࣉࡢヨ㦂ࢆࡘࡃࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺ヰ࡟ࠊ࠸ࡲ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸
ࡲࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ༴᝹ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊඛ࡯࡝ụ⏣ඛ⏕࠿ࡽࢸࢫࢺࡢࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢ
࠾ヰࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࢸࢫࢺࢆ᪩ᛴ࡟㛤Ⓨࡋࠊᐇ᪋࡟⛣ࡍࡔࡅࡢ◊✲ࡢ⵳✚ࡀ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࠋᩍ⛉ูࡢヨ㦂ࢆࡸࡵ࡚ࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࣭⥲ྜⓗ࡞Ꮫຊࢆࡿࢸࢫࢺࢆᑟධࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ヰࡶ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ⡆༢࡟࡛ࡁࡿỈ‽࡟࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࠋඹ㏻୍ḟヨ㦂ࡢᑟධࡢ࡜ࡁࡣᖺ㏆ࡃ࠿࠿ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ
ࡐࡦៅ㔜࡟᫬㛫ࢆ༑ศ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࠊ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࠋᣋ㏿࡟ไᗘᨵ㠉ࢆࡸࡗ࡚࡯ࡋࡃ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ᛮ࠸ࢆᙉࡃᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
‫Ⲩۑ‬஭Ặ ヰࡀ๓࡟ᡠࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊụ⏣ඛ⏕ࡢゝࢃࢀࡓ㑅ᢤࡢࢸࢫࢺ࠿
ࡽᩍ⫱ࡢࢸࢫࢺ࡬࡜࠸࠺᪉ྥࡣࡋࡔ࠸࡟ᾐ㏱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㸿㹍ධ



－134－

ヨࡔ࠿ࡽࠊ᥎⸀ධヨࡔ࠿ࡽࠊᏛຊࢸࢫࢺࢆせࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᩥ⛉┬ࡢເ㞟せ㡯ࡢグ㏙ࡶࠊධᏛࡢ㝿࡟ᩍ⫱ࡢࡓࡵ࡟Ꮫຊホ౯ࡣᚲせࡔ࡜᭩ࡃࡼ࠺
࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ௚᪉ࠊ᪩ᕝࡉࢇࡢゝ࠺ࠊࢀ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࠊ≀ᕪࡋࡢࡘࡃࡾ࡟ࡃ࠸⬟ຊࡢ ᐃࡣ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚ࡴࡎ࠿ࡋ࠸ࠋ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࡣࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜୍ᐃࡢᏛ㆑ࠊ▱㆑࡜⬟ຊࢆ๓ᥦ࡟
ᡂࡾ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࡀࠊ኱Ꮫࡶኚࢃࡾࠊࡑࡢኚ໬࡟኱Ꮫ⮬㌟ࡶධヨࡶᑐᛂࡋษࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋྜ⏣ࡉࢇࡢゝࢃࢀࡿࠊᑂ㆟఍➼࡛ࡶ࢚࣮ࣜࢺẁ㝵ࡢ኱Ꮫ࡜ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ໬ẁ㝵ࡢ኱Ꮫࡢヰࡀࡑࡢࡲࡲΰྠࡋ࡚ㄒࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋධヨᨵ㠉ࡀ࠸ࡲᅜẸⓗ㆟ㄽ࡟࡞ࡾ࡟ࡃ࠸ࡢࡣࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ⟠ᡤ࡛▩┪ࡀ⏕ࡌࠊ⋢✺ࡁ≧ែ࡟࠶ࡿࠋ ᇶ♏ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ㐩ᡂᗘࢸࢫࢺࡶᐇ㝿࡟ၥ㢟ࢆࡘࡃࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊᮏᙜ࡟㧗ᰯᩍ⫱ࡢ㉁ಖド࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿࡢ࠿࡝࠺࠿␲ࢃࡋ࠸ࠋࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࢆࡘࡃࡿ㝿࡟ᡃࠎࡀⱞປࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊⰋၥࡣ㞴ࡋࡃࡣ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ᫆ࡋࡃࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋᛮ⪃ຊࡸά⏝ຊࡀၥ࠼ࡿၥ㢟ࡣⰋၥ࡜࠸ࢃࢀࡲࡍࡀࠊᴫࡋ࡚ࡴࡎ࠿ࡋࡃ࡞ࡿࠋᖹᆒⅬⅬ࡟࠶ࡆࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊᢡゅ࡛ࡁࡓࣘࢽ࣮ࢡ࡞Ⰻၥࢆࢶࣈࡋ࡚₽ࡋ࡚ᡥᖹ࡞ၥ
㢟࡟ࡋ࡚࠸࠿࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋඹ㏻ၥ㢟࡛ᇶᮏⓗ࡛Ⰻ࠸ၥ㢟ࢆࡘࡃࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᩍ⛉᭩ࡢ₇⩦ၥ㢟ࢆ㞟ࡵࡓࡼ࠺࡞ඹ㏻ၥ㢟࡛㧗ᰯᩍ⫱ࡢ㉁ಖドࡢࡓࡵࡢヨ㦂ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺␲ၥࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ௒ࡢⲨ஭ࡉࢇࡢヰࢆ⪺ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ఍ሙࡢⓙࡉࢇࡣఱ࠿ࠊࡸࡣࡾ㞴ࡋ࠸࠿࡞࡜࠸࠺ឤࡌࡀࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ
‫ۑ‬ᮧୖẶ୰ி኱Ꮫ⌧௦♫఍Ꮫ㒊ᩍᤵ㸧୰ி኱Ꮫࡢᮧୖ࡛ࡍࠋ ௨๓ࡣྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺⎔ቃࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡣࡘ࠸ࠕྡྂᒇ኱
Ꮫࡢ࣒࣑࡛ࣛ࢝ࡍࠖ࡜ゝࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡲࡎࠊྜ⏣ඛ⏕ࡣ࣐ࢫࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࡣ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠾ࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡋ
ࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑࢀࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡍࡡࠋ 㸯ࡘࠊࡇࢀࡣࡇࢇ࡞බ↛࡜ゝ࠺࡜㤳࡟࡞ࡾ࠿ࡡ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ⪺࠸ࡓࡑࡤ࠿ࡽᛀ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ⚾࡝ࡶࡢᏛ㒊ࡣ㸣௨ୖࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡛ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊ౛࠼ࡤඛ࡯࡝ࡢ❧࿨㤋ࡉࢇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ୖ఩⚾Ꮫ࡟ࡣࠊᅜ❧ࢆࡡࡽࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫ⏕ࡣࠊᅜ❧ⴠࡕࡓࡽ



－135－

⚾Ꮫᩥ⣔ࡢࢺࢵࣉࢡࣛࢫ࡟ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࠿ࡽࠊ኱య⚾࡝ࡶࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡬᮶ࡿ࡜࠸ࡗ
ࡓࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࠊ⮬๓ࡢධヨ࡛ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᏛ⏕ࡀከศ㸣࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡶゝࢃ࡞࠸࡯࠺ࡀ࠸࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠋ ࡑࢀࢆࠊࡉࡗࡁࡢධヨ࣑ࢫ࡞࡝ࡢ༴㝤ࢆෑࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᅄ᪥ࡶ஬᪥ࡶ࠿ࡅ࡚ఱ
ࢆࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢇࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊᐇࡣࡇࢀ࡟ࡣࡢࡗࡨࡁ࡞ࡽ࡞
࠸⌮⏤ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡇࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ணഛᰯࡀ኱Ꮫࡢ೫ᕪ್ࢆࡘࡅࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡇ
ࡢ೫ᕪ್ࣞ࣋ࣝࡣⅬ้ࡳ࡛ࡘࡃࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ㹋ࣞ࣋ࣝྠኈ࡛ࡶ┦ᙜࡢ➇தࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ➇த┦ᡭࡢ኱Ꮫ࡟೫ᕪ್㈇ࡅࡓ㏵➃࡟ධࡗ࡚ࡃࡿᏛ⏕ࡢ㉁ࡣ࢞
ࢱࢵ࡜ⴠࡕࡿࠋࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࡀ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡲࡎ࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊᑵ⫋ᐇ⦼࡟㡪ࡃࠊࡑࢀࡀᝏᚠ⎔࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡑ࠺࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ࡝࠺ࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊ࡜ࡶ࠿ࡃ
࡛ࡁࡿ㝈ࡾ⮬๓ࡢධヨ࡛࠶ࡿព࿡࡛⤠ࡾ㎸ࢇ࡛ࠊ⤖ᒁ᭱⤊ⓗ࡞ධᏛ⪅ࡣ㸣࠸࠿࡞࠸࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ㉳ࡇࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ⚾ࡣࠊࡕࡻࡗ࡜࢚࣮ࣜࢺ኱Ꮫࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼㐣ࡂ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜
࠸࠺Ẽࡀࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣᏊ౪ࡀᑠࡉ࠸ࡇࢁ࡟Ꮫ❺ಖ⫱࡛㠀ᖖ࡟ⱞປࡋࡲࡋࡓ
ࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ௒ࡣࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀࣅࢪࢿࢫ໬ࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ௒ࡸ࠾㔠ࡉ࠼ฟࡏࡤ⩦࠸஦࡜࠿ⱥㄒ࡜࠿ࡸࡽࡏ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫ❺ಖ⫱ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺࠸࠺࡜ࡇࢁ࡜࠺ࡕ
ࡢ኱Ꮫ࡟ධࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᒙ࡜ࠊ࠿࡞ࡾ᱁ᕪࡀฟ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍ
ࡡࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊᜍࡽࡃ࢚࣮ࣜࢺࡣ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸ࡃࡋࠊࡑࢀ࡯࡝㑅ᢤ࡜࠿ゝࢃ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡴࡋࢁᡃࠎࡢࡼ࠺࡞࡜ࡇࢁ࡛㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࡞➇தࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡘࡅຍ࠼࡚࠾ࡃ࡜ࠊ࠺ࡕࡄࡽ࠸ࡢ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡞ࡐ୍⏕ᠱ࿨ཷ㦂ຮᙉࡋ࡚ࡶࡽࢃ࡞࠸࡜࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊᐇࡣᑵ⫋ࡢẁ㝵࡛ࠊ౛࠼ࡤ࠺ࡕ࡛ࡣ♫఍⚟♴ኈ࡜࠸࠺㈨᱁ࢆฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡇࢀࡣࡶ࠺⭾኱࡞㔞ࡢຮᙉࢆࡋ࡞
ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽᆅ᪉බົဨࡢヨ㦂ࠊࡇࢀࡣࡶ࠺ࡲࡿ࡛ධヨ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊධヨࡢຮᙉࢆࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫ⩦⩦័ࡀࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡿᏛ⏕ࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸࡜ࠊ
࡞࠿࡞࠿ᑵ⫋⋡ࡀୖࡀࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺⌧ᐇࡶࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡐࡦࡑࡢ㎶ࡶࡈ⌮ゎ࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡿ࡜ᖾ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ྜ⏣ࡉࢇ࡟ᢞࡆ࠿ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡜ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࠸࠿ࡀ࡛
ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ


－136－‫⏣ྜۑ‬Ặ ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㠀ᖖ࡟ࡼࡃࢃ࠿ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ⚾ࡢゝ࠸ࡓ࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡣࠊಶูࡢ኱Ꮫ࡛࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁⱞປࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊࡑࢀࡀࠊ
ఱ࡜࠸࠺ࢇ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ၥ㢟ࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠾ࡽࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࡣ
࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊࡑࡇ࡛Ꮫຊ೫㔜ࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠿ࠊ㸯Ⅼ้ࡳ࡛ᘢᐖࡀฟ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠿ࠊ
࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᏛຊࢆ୍ษၥࢃ࡞࠸⤖ᯝࠊᏛຊపୗࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠿ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ၥ㢟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࡡࠋࡑࡇࡣྛ኱Ꮫ࡛࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁᕤኵࡉࢀ࡚ࠊ୍⯡ධヨࡶࡸࡿࡋ᥎⸀ධヨࡶࡸࡿࡋ㸿㹍ࡶࡸࡿࡋ≉ู㑅ᢤไࡶࡸࡿࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡞ࡀࡽఱ࡜࠿ࡋ࡚ࠊ௒ࠊ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠊᏛຊࡶ࣮࢟ࣉࡋࡘࡘከᵝᛶࡶ࣮࢟ࣉࡋࡘࡘࠊᑵ⫋ࢆ╮ࡳࡘࡘࠊ࡝࠺ࡋࡓࡽ࠸࠸࠿࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁᕤኵࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢ
ᕤኵࡀ኱Ꮫ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࢀࡒࢀᑡࡋࡎࡘ㐪ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ➇தࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚࡜࠸࠺≧ἣ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆ඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ぢࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࢀ࡞ࡾ࡟ື࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜
࠸ࡗࡓព࿡ྜ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽᘬࡁ⥆ࡁࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ኱Ꮫࡀ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡜ᡓ␎ࢆ⦎ࡗ࡚ࠊᑡࡋ࡛ࡶ࠸
࠸Ꮫ⏕ࢆ㞟ࡵࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡋࡢࡂࢆ๐ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ཝࡋ࠸≧ἣࡣࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡶ࡞࠿࡞࠿
㑊ࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡓࡔࠊไᗘⓗ࡟᥋⥆ၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚⪃࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸Ⅼࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࡢ㎶ࡢၥ㢟ࡀ๭࡜ࠊᅜẸⓗ࡟ࠊ୍᫇๓ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ධヨ࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡳࢇ࡞࠿ࢇ࠿ࢇ࡟࡞ࡿ
࡜࠸࠺≧ἣ࡟࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡣࠊఱ࡜࡞ࡃࡑࡢ㎶ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠊ≉࡟ཷ㦂⏕ࡢഃ࠿ࡽぢ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࠊྛ኱Ꮫࡢᡓ␎ࢆぢ࡚⮬ศࡀ࡝ࡇ࡬⾜ࡅࡤ࠸࠸࠿㑅࡭ࡿ࡜࠸࠺≧ἣࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿࡞࡜ᛮࡗࡓࡾࡋࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ࣇࣟ࢔࡟᣺ࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊṧࡾ᫬㛫ࡶᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡢ
࡛ࠊࡲࡓࡇࡕࡽ࡟ᘬࡁྲྀࡽࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡇ࠺࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
 㸯Ⅼ้ࡳ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ධヨࠊከᵝᛶࢆከ㠃ᛶࠊከゅⓗ࡟ぢ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࡑ
ࢀࡇࡑᡭ๓ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢධヨᨵ㠉ࡢ୰࡛࡞࠿࡞࠿࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࠿࡞࠿ࡗ
ࡓࡇ࡜࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㸰ẁ㝵㑅ᢤ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ࡞࠿࡞࠿㐍ࡲ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㊊ษࡾࡢᩥ໬ࢆ
࠺ࡲࡃྲྀࡾධࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡞࠿࡞࠿㞴ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡛ࡣࠊ኱Ꮫࡢಶูヨ㦂࡛᪂ࡓ࡞ᑻᗘࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ࡝࠺࠸ࡗࡓᑻᗘ
࡛ࡸࡿࢇࡔࠊ㏱᫂ᛶࡣ࡝࠺࡞ࢇࡔ࡜࠸࠺ヰ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ༗๓୰ࡢ࣮࣮࣋࢝ࡉࢇࡢ࠾
ヰ࡟ࡶฟ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆၥࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞᫬௦࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ



－137－

࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿࡞࡜ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ୍ࡘ୍ࡘࢡࣜ࢔ࡋ࡚࠸
࠿࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽᚅࡕᵓ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿࡞࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡘࡘࠊ࡝࠺⪃࠼ࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺࠶ࡓࡾࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ࠾ヰࡋ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚ࠋᚋ࡯࡝ࡲࡓࡲ࡜ࡵࡢ࠾ヰࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡇ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡲࡎㄢ
㢟ࢆᑡࡋࡔࡅ㆟ㄽࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࡲ࡜ࡵ࡟ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
‫Ⲩۑ‬஭Ặ ඛ࡯࡝ኳ㔝ඛ⏕࠿ࡽࠊ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨ㒊ࡢ㈉⊩ࡀ㔜せࡔ࡜ࠊࡈពぢ࡜࠸࠺࠿ࠊ࠾ྏࡾࢆཷࡅࡓࡼ࠺࡟ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ
ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᢏ⾡ࡣ㐜ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏⓗ࡞㢼ᅵ࡟࡞ࡌࡴ

ࡾ࡟ࡃ࠸ࡶࡢࢆ

ᐃᢏ⾡ࡀ㐍Ṍࡍࡿ࡜ࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠋ ୍᪉࡛ࠊ

ࢀ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࢆ

ࡿࡇ࡜࡟⥲ㄽࡀࡲ࡜ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࡶ୙Ᏻࢆぬ࠼ࡲࡍࠋ௒ᗘࡢᨵ㠉ࡣே≀ホ౯ࡔ࡜࠿ࠊከ㠃ⓗ࡞ホ౯ࡔ࡜࠿┒ࢇ࡟㦁ࡀࢀ࡚ࠊ㧗ᰯࢆ༞ᴗࡍࡿࡦ࡜ࡓࡕ࡟ఱࢆᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ᫬௦ࡢ✵Ẽឤࡔࡅ࡛ࡶࡢࡀㄒࡽ
ࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ᜍࡉ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

ࢀ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࢆࠊ

ࢀࡿࡶࡢࢆᓧูࡋ࡚ࠊᢏ⾡ⓗ࡟␲ၥࡢవᆅࡀ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࢆࡘࡃࡾ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ࡃ⏝ពࡀᚲせ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ඛ࡯࡝ࠊ༡㢼ཎඛ⏕࠿ࡽᑓ㛛ᐙࡢࡈពぢ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊẁ㝵ูホ౯ࡣ᝟ሗࡢᢅ࠸࡟
࠾࠸࡚ࡶᩍ⫱࡬ࡢᙳ㡪࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ఛ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢⅬࡶࠊ௒ᅇࡢ
ᥦゝࡢ㢌ࡢ③࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡍࠋ኱Ꮫࡀ኱Ꮫࡢุ᩿࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᡂ⦼ࡢ⣲Ⅼࢆ࠸ࡌࡿࡇ
࡜࡟཯ᑐࡣࡋࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮࠿ࡽᥦ౪ࡍࡿᡂ⦼ࢹ࣮ࢱ⮬యࢆึࡵ࠿ࡽ
ࢹࣇ࢛࣓ࣝࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢᙜ஦⪅࡜ࡋ࡚࡞࠿࡞࠿ཷࡅධࢀ
㞴࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡍࠋ ௒᪥ࡢ⚾ࡢሗ࿌ࡢ࡞࠿࡛᭱ࡶ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᩍ⫱ேཱྀࡢቑ኱࡛Ꮫ
ᰯไᗘࡀỿࡳ࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺஦ᐇ࡛ࡍࠋࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ໬ࡋࡓ኱Ꮫࡀࡇࢀࡔ
ࡅቑ࠼࡚ࡁࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊไᗘࡢ┠ⓗ࡟ྔ࠺Ꮫᰯࠊ኱Ꮫࡀ࡝ࢀࡔࡅ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࢀ
ࡀẼ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋᩍ⫱෌⏕ᐇ⾜఍㆟ࡢࠊධヨࡢḟࡂࡢㄢ㢟ࡣᏛไᨵ㠉ࡔࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࡀࠊධヨᨵ㠉࡜Ꮫไᨵ㠉ࡣᐦ᥋࡟⤖ࡧࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ⚾Ꮫࡢከ࠸ࢃ
ࡀᅜ࡛ࡣࠊ኱Ꮫࡢ⤒Ⴀ࡜ධヨࡀ┤᥋࡟⤖ࡧࡘ࠸࡚ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢせ⣲ࡣษࡾศࡅ࡚࠾࠸࡚ࠊ༢⣧࡟Ꮫไᨵ㠉࡜࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡟ࡶ࠸࠿࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬ኳ㔝Ặ ఱࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓࡽࡼ࠸ࡢ࠿ࠊ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ኱య⏦ࡋୖࡆ࡚ࡋ
ࡲࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡞Ẽࡀࡋࡲࡍࡀࠋ᪩ᕝࡉࢇࡀ᭱ึ࡟࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ



－138－

ධヨไᗘࡢࢻࣛࢫࢸ࢕ࢵࢡ࡞ᨵ㠉ࡣࠊ௒ࡣ࠶ࡾᚓ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ࣮ࣟࣜ
ࣥࢢࣜࣇ࢛࣮࣒࡛ᑡࡋࡎࡘኚ࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟ࡀከ࠸ࠋ᪂ࢸࢫࢺࡢ
ᑟධࡶ⤖ᵓ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀࢆᑟධࡋࡓሙྜ࡟ࠊ஧ḟⓗ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ຠᯝࡀཬࢇ࡛
࠸ࡃࡢ࠿ࠊៅ㔜࡟᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡣࠊ࠸ࢃࡤ࣐࣮ࢣࢵࢺ≧ែ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ
ᅜࡀࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㒊ศࡣࠊᐇࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟ᑠࡉ࠸ࠋཷ㦂⏕࡜኱Ꮫࡢ㛫࡟ࡣࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞㥑ࡅᘬࡁ࡜࠸࠺࠿ࠊྲྀᘬࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡶࡇࢀ࡟ຍࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡋࠊཷ㦂⏘ᴗࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡶࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞᝟ሗࢆࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚ὶࡍࡇ࡜࡟
ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᙳ㡪ຊࢆⓎ᥹ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡟ᑓ㛛ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿࡞࠸࠿ࡣู࡟
ࡋ࡚ࠊᨻඪࡶ≀ࢆゝ࠺ࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡀఱ࠿ᨵ㠉ᵓ᝿ࡸᨻ⟇ࢆᡴࡕฟࡋ
ࡓࡽࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡀゎỴࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ୡ⏺࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠾஫࠸ࡢ㛫ࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ࠊᨻ἞Ꮫ࡛ࡣ࢔ࢡࢱ࣮࡜ゝ࠺ࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞࢔ࢡࢱ࣮㛫ࡢຊ㛵ಀࡸྲྀᘬ㛵ಀ࡛ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢ⌧ᐇࡀỴࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࡇ࡟ࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡢ㞴ࡋࡉࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡓࡔࠊᕷሙ≧ែ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᘢᐖࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚ࡃࢀࡤࠊࡑࡇ࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡿ
࢔ࢡࢱ࣮ࡀ⮬ศ࡛ᨵၿດຊࢆࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ഃ㠃ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ኱Ꮫࡀ⮬ࡽධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆኚ࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࡾࠊ㸿㹍ධヨ࠿ࡽ୍⯡ධヨ࡟ᡠࡿࡢ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡣࢃ࠿ࡾ
ࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊᏛຊホ౯ࡀ኱஦ࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡾࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ኚ໬ࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓኚ໬ࡢ⥲࿴࡜ࡋ࡚ᨵ㠉ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࡢࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ
࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࢔ࣅࢶ࣮࢔ࠊࣂ࢝ࣟࣞ࢔ࡢヰࡀฟࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊᅜࡀ඲య࡟┤᥋ࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࢆ
ཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ࠸ࡿ࡯࡝ࠊᨵ㠉ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋࡅࢀ࡛ࡶ᪥ᮏࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊ㈼᫂࡞࢔
ࢡࢱ࣮ࡀቑ࠼ࢀࡤኚࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ഃ㠃ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀࠊ୍ࡘࡢᕼᮃ࡛
ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠺ࡲࡃ࣮ࣟࣜࣥࢢࣜࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࢆࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿࡞࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
‫⏣ྜۑ‬Ặ ᗄࡘ࠿ࡢၥ㢟ࡀฟࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ኱ᣓࡾ࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡣཷ㦂⏕࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㠀ᖖ࡟ලྜࡀᝏ࠸࡜࠸࠺ヰࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊⓎ᝿࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ⓗ࡞ヨ㦂࡛࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ௨ୖࡢᡂ⦼ࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚࠸ࢀࡤࠊࡑࢀ௨ୖࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࡣ㸯Ⅼᕪࡣၥࢃ࡞࠸࡜࠸ࡗࡓྲྀࡾᢅ



－139－

࠸᪉࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ࠶ࡾᚓࡿࡼ࠺࡞Ẽࡶࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ㎶ࡣ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ࡈ㆟ㄽࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑࡢࡇ࡜⮬యࡣࠊ୰ᩍᑂ࡛ࡶ࠿ࡡ࡚࠿ࡽ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ
ࡓ᪉ྥᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ஦ᐇࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡢ୰࡛ࠊヨ㦂ᢏ⾡ࡢ㐍Ṍࡀ኱஦ࡔ࡜࠸࠺࠾ヰࡀࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡶࡑࡢ
࡜࠾ࡾࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡐࡦࠊ㹁㹀㹒ࡳࡓ࠸࡞ࡇ࡜ࡶᥦ᱌ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡋࠊࡶ
ࡗ࡜⥲ྜⓗ࡞ヨ㦂ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ࡸࡾ᪉ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑ
࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡶ኱࠸࡟ࠊࡑࢀࡇࡑ኱⫹࡟᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃࡇ࡜ࡣ኱ኚ኱஦࡞ࡇ
࡜ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ኳ㔝ඛ⏕࠿ࡽៅ㔜࡟ࡸࢀ࡜࠸࠺࠾ヰࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ☜࠿࡟ࠊไᗘㄽ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ
ៅ㔜࡟ࡸࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡢࡣ㛫㐪࠸࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊኳ㔝ඛ⏕ࡶ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᅜࡀไᗘㄽ࡛ࢥࣥࢺ࣮࡛ࣟࣝࡁࡿ㒊ศࡣࠊᐇࡣ኱
ኚ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋලయⓗ࡞࢔ࢡࢱ࣮ࡀ࡝࠺࠸࠺࢔ࢡࢩࣙࣥࢆ㉳ࡇࡍ࠿ࡀᐇࡣ
኱஦࡞ࢇࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ඛ࡯࡝᪩ᕝࡉࢇ࠿ࡽࡶ㐣ཤࠊኻᩋࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜࠸࠺࠾ヰࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓ
ࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑ࠺ࡣゝ࠸࡞ࡀࡽࠊඹ㏻୍ḟࢆᑟධࡋࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡀᖺࡶ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡼࡡࠋࡑࡢᙜ᫬ࡢ㛵ಀ⪅࡟⪺ࡃ࡜ࠊඹ㏻୍ḟࡀᐇ㝿࡟ᮏᙜ࡟ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࠊᙜࡢ኱Ꮫㄢ㛗ࡶ᭱ᚋࡢ᭱ᚋࡲ࡛඲ࡃ⮬ಙࡀᣢ࡚࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ
᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ఱࡀ㉳ࡁࡓ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊᅜ኱༠ࡀពぢࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᐇ⌧ࢆࡋࡓࠋࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢ࡜ࡁࡶఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞⤒⦋ࢆࡓ࡝ࡗ࡚ࠊ⤖ᒁࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ᅜ኱༠ࡀ⚾Ꮫࡶྵࡵࡓ࢔ࣛ࢝ࣝࢺ᪉ᘧࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ྜពࡋࡓࠋ
ࡑࢀࢆࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺࡜࠸࠺Ỵ᩿ࢆࡋࡓࠋ⚾Ꮫᅋయࡶࡑࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀ࡟࿧ᛂ
ࡋࡓືࡁࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࢇࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ኱Ꮫᅋయࡢᙺ
๭ࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽಶูࡢ኱Ꮫ࡛᪤࡟࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ࠊ࠿ࡘ࡚ࡣ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡞
኱⫹࡞ᨵ㠉᱌ࡀࠊࡑࢀࡇࡑ㐲៖ࡀࡕ࡟ؐࡢࡼ࠺࡟⚾࡟ࡣぢ࠼ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝
ࡶؐᡴࡕฟࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ࢔ࢡࢱ࣮ࡢ࢔ࢡࢩࣙࣥ࡜ࡋ࡚
ࡣࠊ࠶ࡲࡾࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆᜍࢀࡎ࡟ࢳࣕࣞࣥࢪࡋ࡚ࡳ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅ࡞࠸࠿࡞࡜ࠊಶே
ⓗ࡟ࡣࡑ࠺࠸࠺ឤࡌࡀࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ྖ఍ࡢ୙ᡭ㝿࡛࠾⣙᮰ࡢ㸳᫬ࢆᑡࡋᅇࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚⏦ࡋࢃࡅ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ



－140－

࠶࡜㸰㹼㸱ศ᫬㛫ࢆ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚ࠊ᭱ᚋࡢࡲ࡜ࡵࢆࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࣃࢿࣜࢫ
ࢺࡢⓙࡉࢇ࠿ࡽࠊ௒ᚋࡇࡢၥ㢟ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࡁࡢ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻࢆ୍ゝࡎࡘゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚㛢ࡵ࡟ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡢ๓࡟ࠊࡏࡗ࠿ࡃᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᒁ㛗ࡀ୍␒๓࡟ᗙࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ
௒᪥ࡢ㆟ㄽࢆ⪺࠸࡚࡝ࢇ࡞ㄢ㢟ព㆑ࢆᣢࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࡕࡻࡗ࡜⯆࿡ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ▷ࡵ࡟୍ゝࡔࡅࠋ
‫ۑ‬ᕸᮧẶ㸦ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᒁ㛗㸧 ௒᪥ࡣ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ධヨᨵ㠉ࡢᗙᶆ㍈࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ≉࡟㑅ᢤ࠿ࡽᩍ⫱࡬ࡢά⏝࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ㸯ࡘ኱ࡁ࡞࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ࠿࡞࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋᜍࡽࡃ኱Ꮫࡢᩍ⫱ᶵ⬟ࢆ㧗ࡵ࡚Ꮫ⏕ࢆࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ㧗ࡵࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡜ࠊࡇࡢධヨࢆࢭࢵࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚⪃࠼࡚࠸࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸
ࡅ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿࡞࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࡀ୍␒ᙉࡃ༳㇟࡟ṧࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
 ㈗㔜࡞ࡈពぢࠊᮏᙜ࡟࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊ᭱ᚋ࡟ྜ⏣ࡉࢇ࠿ࡽኳ㔝ࡉࢇࠊⲨ஭ࡉࢇࡢ㡰୍࡛ゝࡎࡘࠊࡇࢀࢆ
ᣢࡕᖐࡗ࡚⪃࠼࡚࡯ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺୍ゝࢆ➃ⓗ࡟ࠊ⛊ࡎࡘ࠾ヰࡋ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚ࠊ௒
᪥ࡢ఍ࢆ㛢ࡵࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
‫⏣ྜۑ‬Ặ ኳ㔝ඛ⏕ࡢ࠾ヰ࡜ࡶ࠿ࡉ࡞ࡿ࠿࡜ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ࠶ࡿព࿡࡛ࠊ
ධヨᨵ㠉ࡢ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞᮲௳ࡀᩚࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࡞࡜ࠋ㔞ⓗᣑ኱ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊධヨ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ≀ࡢぢ᪉ࡀኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡋࠊ෌⏕఍㆟ࡀᥦ᱌ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆࡁࡗ࠿ࡅ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ
ྛ኱Ꮫࡀ௒ࡲ࡛࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡁࡗ࠿ࡅ
ࡀ௒୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓ࠶࡜ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ኱Ꮫࡀࡇࡢࢳࣕࣥࢫࢆ⏕࠿ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿
࡝࠺࠿ࠊ࡝࠺ࡸࡗ࡚ࡇࡢࢳࣕࣥࢫࢆᤕࡲ࠼࡚ࠊ⮬ศ࡞ࡾ࡟ࡇ࠺࠸࠺ᩍ⫱ࢆࡸࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡇ࠺࠸࠺ධヨࢆࡍࡿࢇࡔ࡜࠸࠺ᨵ㠉ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࡀ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜
࠸࠺ឤࡌࡀ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡕࡻࡗ࡜⚾ࡀࡲ࡜ࡵࡲࡍࡀࠊ኱Ꮫࡣࡇࡢࢳࣕࣥࢫࢆ㏨ࡍ࡞࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜
ࢆ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡟ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬ኳ㔝Ặ ࡇࢀࡣࡔࢀ࡟ᣢࡕᖐࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࡽ࠸࠸ࡢ࠿ࠋᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬࡜୰ᩍᑂࡢ㛵ಀ⪅࡟ࡣࠊࡐࡦᶒጾࡢ࠶ࡿ᪂ࢸࢫࢺࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲ



－141－

ࡍࠋࠕᶒጾࡢ࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊಙ㢗ᗘࡀ㧗࠸ࠊ኱Ꮫࡀ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡀ✚ᴟⓗ࡟฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࢸࢫࢺ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㧗ᗘ࡞ᑓ㛛ᛶࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ௒ࡢධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢㄪᰝ◊✲㒊ࢆࠊࡶࡗ࡜ᣑ඘ࡋ࡚ࢸࢫࢺ◊✲ࢆ῝ࡵ࡞࠸࡜ࠊࢸࢫࢺࡢಙ㢗ᛶࡶᶒጾࡶ㧗ࡲࡽ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᶒጾࡢ࡞࠸ࢸࢫࢺࢆ
ḟࠎ࡟ᑟධࡋ࡚ࡶ฼⏝⪅ࡣቑ࠼ࡎࠊၥ㢟ࡣᨵၿࡉࢀ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡐࡦ
ᶒጾ࠶ࡿࠊᑓ㛛ᛶࡢ㧗࠸ࠊᑓ㛛ᛶ࡟⿬࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡓ᪂ࢸࢫࢺࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᶒጾ࠶ࡿ᪂ࢸࢫࢺࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡲ࡜ࡵࡽࢀࡿ࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
‫Ⲩۑ‬஭Ặ ⚾ࡢㄽⅬࡢ㸰␒┠࡟ࠕᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࡢ✚ࡳୖࡆࡣྍ⬟࠿ࠖ࡜᭩ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࡇࢀࡣ㧗ᰯ࡜኱Ꮫࡢ㛫ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠋ⩏ົᩍ⫱࠿ࡽ㧗ᰯࠊ኱Ꮫࠊࡑ
ࢀ࠿ࡽ♫఍࡬࡜࠸࠺ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡢ࡞࠿࡛⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ
ᗈ࠸ព࿡࡛ࡢᩍ⫱ࡢ✚ࡳୖࡆࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿ࠿ࠊࡇࢀࡀㄢ㢟ࡔ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
‫ۑ‬᪩ᕝẶ ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ➃ⓗ࡟ゝ࠼ࡤࠊᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࡢ✚ࡳୖࡆࢆࡁࡕࢇ࡜࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࢁ࠺࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸱ேࡢ᪉ࠎ࠿ࡽࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟㸯ࡘࡎࡘ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ ⚾࠿ࡽࡣࠊࡶ࠺ࡇࢀ௨ୖࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ㸯ࡘẼ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡢࡣࠊࡸࡣࡾධヨࡀኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟ࡣ᪥ᮏࡢᩍ⫱ࡣኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸
࠺࠿ࠊ௒ࡣᑠᏛᰯẁ㝵࠿ࡽࡶ࠺᪤࡟ධヨయไ࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸࡚ࠊධヨ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚ຮᙉࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࠊධヨࡀኚࢃࡿࡇ
࡜ࡢព࿡ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࠸࠿࡞࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡟ࠊࡶࡗ࡜ࡶࡗ࡜㆟ㄽࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ⚾ࡀゝ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊࡇࢀࡔࡅ኱ࡁ࡞ࢸ࣮࣐࡞ࡢ࡟ࠊᅜẸⓗ࡞㆟ㄽ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢࡣ࡞ࡐ࠿
࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࠋෑ㢌࡛ࡶ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡋࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࡑࡇࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࢆࡶ࠺ࡕࡻࡗ࡜ࠊ
኱Ꮫ࡞ࡾ࡟ࡣⓎಙࡋ࡚࠸ࡗ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᑡᏊ໬࡛ᩍ⫱ࡢᙜ஦⪅ࡀ࡝ࢇ࡝ࢇᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⌧≧࡛ࠊୡࡢ୰ࡣᖺ㔠ࠊ


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－142－

་⒪࡛࠶ࡿ࡜೺ᗣ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠿⚟♴ࠊࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓၥ㢟࡟㛵ᚰࡀྥ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡁࡽ࠸
ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ୰࡛ࠊᅜẸ࡬ࡢᩍ⫱ࡢ㛵ᚰࡢపࡉࡀ⚾ࡣ࡜࡚ࡶẼ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡶࠊၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᖺ㔠ࠊ་⒪ࠊ೺ᗣࠊ⚟♴ࠊᑗ᮶ࡇࢀࢆ
ᢸ࠺ࡢࡣ௒ࡢⱝ⪅ࡸᏊ౪ࡓࡕ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡣᩍ⫱ࡢၥ㢟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺
ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ධヨᨵ㠉ࢆ⪃࠼࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡇࢁࡲ࡛ࠊᮏ
ᙜࡣ኱ࡁࡃᤊ࠼┤ࡉ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ௒᪥ࡇࡢሙ࡟࠾㞟ࡲࡾ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓ᪉ࠎ࠾୍ே࠾୍ேࡀࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ᝟ሗࡢⓎಙ⪅࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽᅜẸⓗ࡞㆟ㄽ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡼ࠺࡟㆟ㄽࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡗ࡚࠸
ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤࠊ௒᪥ࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡀࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢࣄࣥࢺ࡟࡞ࢀࡤᖾ࠸࡟ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㛗᫬㛫࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚㆟ㄽࢆ࠾⪺ࡁ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊ࠸ࡸࠊ㆟ㄽ࡟ཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊ
࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡛௒᪥ࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࢆ㛢ࡌࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲ
ࡍࠋ ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
‫ྖۑ‬఍ ᪩ᕝඛ⏕ࡢ⤯ጁ࡞ࣇ࢓ࢩࣜࢸ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࠊ඘ᐇࡋࡓ㸰᫬㛫వࡾࢆ㐣ࡈࡏࡓ࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ








－143－

ཧ⪃㈨ᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚㸸㧗➼Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱࡜኱Ꮫᩍ⫱࡜ࡢ᥋⥆࣭኱ᏛධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࡢᅾࡾ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
㸦➨ᅄḟᥦゝ㸧－145－

－147－

－148－

－149－

－150－

－151－

－152－

－153－

－154－

－155－

－156－

－157－

⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ◊✲࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝᐊሗ࿌᭩        ࠕ21 ୡ⣖ࡢ኱Ꮫධヨ࡜ᩍ⫱෌⏕ࡢᒎᮃࠖⓎ⾜    ᖹᡂ  ᖺ  ᭶  ᪥⦅㞟࣭Ⓨ⾜ ⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ◊✲ධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤ◊✲࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝᐊ  ࠛ ᮾி㒔┠㯮༊㥖ሙ   㟁ヰ㸸㸦௦㸧༳ๅ    ᰴᘧ఍♫ ࢥ࣮࣒ࣛ