Final Evaluation Report | Global Station for Arctic Research , GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University

Global Station for Arctic Research
Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education(GI-CoRE)
Hokkaido University

Final Evaluation Report

北海道大学

国際連携研究教育局

北極域研究グローバルステーション

外部評価報告書

July 2021

July 2021
2021 年 7 月

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Final Evaluation Report(brief version in Japanese)
外部評価報告書（日本語・概要版）

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もくじ（日本語版）

はじめに •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 5
外部評価委員 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7
外部評価委員会実地調査要領••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 8
外部評価調書の概要 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 93

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はじめに
国際連携研究教育局（GI-CoRE）は、北海道大学の強みや特色を活かした国際連携
研究教育の推進と、部局が独自に進める国際連携研究教育の支援を目的とし、世界トップレベルの教員を国内外及び学内から結集した総長直轄の教員組織です。
GI-CoRE 内には研究領域ごとの活動拠点である「グローバルステーション（GS）」
を置き、各 GS において、原則 5 年間の設置期間内に重点的に研究教育活動を進めています。これまでに、延べ 8 つの GS（下記※を参照）を設置し、研究活動を推進するとともに、最先端の研究成果を大学院教育などに還元してきました。
GI-CoRE では、GS の設置期間満了を迎える年度に、各 GS でのこれまでの活動を振り返るとともに、今後、より強固かつ持続可能な研究教育体制を確立していくため、
国内外の有識者により構成される外部評価委員会において、評価を実施することとしています。
この外部評価報告書は、2020 年 10 月に実施した北極域研究 GS（GSA）の自己点検
成果報告書及び外部評価結果を一冊に収録した、いわば GSA の研究教育活動の集大成です。
なお、北極域研究 GS は設置期間満了に伴い、北極域研究センターに定着化し、新たに「GI-CoRE 協力拠点」として認定を受けた国際連携研究ユニットとして、2021 年
4 月以降も GI-CoRE と連携しながら研究教育活動を継続しています。
本学では、外部評価結果を踏まえ、より充実した研究教育活動を実践していくこと
により、世界の課題解決に貢献していきたいと考えております。

北海道大学 国際連携研究教育局長
寳 金 清 博※これまでに設置したグローバルステーション（GS）
GS 名

設置期間
（年度）

主な学内連携部局等

量子医理工学2014～2019

医学研究院、大学病院ほか

人獣共通感染症

2014～2019

人獣共通感染症国際共同研究所、獣医学研究院

食水土資源

2015～2019

農学研究院ほか

ソフトマター2016～2020

先端生命科学研究院ほか

ビッグデータ・サイバーセキュリティ

2016～2020

情報科学研究院ほか

北極域研究2016～2020

北極域研究センターほか

バイオサーフィス創薬

2019～2023

薬学研究院ほか

先住民・文化的多様性研究

2021～2025

アイヌ・先住民研究センターほか

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国際連携研究教育局(GI‐CoRE)
北極域研究グローバルステーション
外部評価委員

*国立極地研究所

浩之

教授

大学院新領域創成科学研究科

山口

東京大学
ノルウェー

副所長

海洋研究所

榎本

ハイン

一

ルネ・ショルダル

教授
上級研究者

*委員長

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国際連携研究教育局 (GI‐CoRE)
北極域研究グローバルステーション
外部評価委員会実地調査要領

１．調査日程令和 2（2020）年 10 月 20 日（火）令和 2（2020）年 10 月 21 日（水）２．詳細スケジュール
10 月 20 日（火）日本時間
日本時間

次第

中央ヨーロッパ時間

18:00～18:05

開会挨拶（深町教授）
外部評価について説明（大塚 GS 長）

10:00～10:05

18:05～18:45#1 GS 全体の活動報告

10:05～10:45（大塚 GS 長）

18:45～19:15#2 海洋環境ユニットから活動報告

10:45～11:15（深町教授）

10 月 21 日（水）日本時間
日本時間

次第

中央ヨーロッパ時間

18:00～18:30#3 陸域環境ユニットから活動報告

10:00～10:30（杉本教授）

18:30～19:00#4 北極海航路ユニットから活動報告

10:30～11:00（大塚 GS 長）

19:00～19:20

休憩

11:00～11:20

19:20～19:50#5 ディスカッション・総括

11:20～11:50（大塚 GS 長）

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国際連携研究教育局 (GI‐CoRE)
北極域研究グローバルステーション
外部評価調書の概要（参考和訳）

総合評価：Ａ（評価コメント）
GSA は北極域に関連する独自の研究・教育プログラムを実施している。そのプログラムはうまく設計されており、集約的な研究がなされている。このことは、国際共著論文等により証明されている。
教育プログラムは、北極域固有の自然を体験し、自然と社会の状態を分析するのに非常に効果的なものである。
海洋科学、陸域科学、北極海航路は現在、重要なテーマとなっている。GSA ではこれらのテーマの理解を目指すと共に、取り得る社会的行動について考察してきた。
GSA は以下のとおり評価できる。


国際的にみて中規模の研究活動である。GSA に直接参画しているのは約 25 人で、その約半数は北大所属、残りの半数は外国の連携機関からである。この 5 年間（2016 年から 2020年）の予算額は約 1 億 8,000 万円、米ドルに換算するとおおよそ 170 万米ドルである。
これには人件費及び研究費が含まれているが、運営費及び設備費は含まれていない。
（GSAの）成果は、研究活動の規模（人員及び予算）と対比して見る必要がある。



海洋環境、陸域環境、北極海航路の 3 つのユニットで構成されている。各ユニットでは、GSA メンバーの研究的関心及び専門知識を反映した要素に焦点を当てた研究活動が展開されていることは疑う余地がない。これは、国際水準のすぐれた研究へと発展させ、遂行していくために、賢明、かつ必要なやり方である。



米国のアラスカ大学フェアバンクス校、ロシアのヤクーツクにある北東連邦大学、ノル
ウェーのノード大学などの優れた連携機関とのプログラムである。これは GSA メンバーによる長期に亘る協力活動に基づいている。



北海道及び北極域の地理的、文化的、政治的結びつきの特徴を活かした北海道大学を代表するプログラムのひとつである。北大のグローバルステーションとして、GSA は優れた業績を上げており、北極域の優れた研究・教育プログラムとして評価できる。
改善の余地がある点は以下のとおりである。



GSA の 3 つの構成要素すなわちユニットは、「北極域の変化（Arctic change）」の一部として広い意味でも関連しているが、より具体的な関連性もある。海氷、北極海航路、海洋
生態系、陸域情報（に関する研究）と、社会科学及び政治学などの要素とのリンクが必要かもしれない。

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最後に、以下のとおり結論づけることができる。
このような困難な使命を遂行するために、GSA メンバーは多大な努力をされ、豊富な成果が生み出された。このプログラムは、多くの研究・教育の成果を達成した。
今後は、さまざまなテーマを組み合わせた研究・教育を更に発展させること、海洋研究をロシア海域へ拡大していくこと、陸域と海洋の要素を河川系を介してより深く関連付けていくこと、日本と地球に関する大気・陸地・海洋系システムを結合した気候研究（を実践していくこと）、が期待される。

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Final Evaluation Report(original version in English)
外部評価報告書（英語・オリジナル版）

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Contents
Foreword •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 15
External Evaluation Committee••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 17
Schedule of the External Evaluation Committee •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 21
Results of the Evaluation Committee ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 23
Research Progress Report (2016-2020) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 43
References ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••8513

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Foreword
Hokkaido University established the Global Institution for Collaborative Research and
Education (GI-CoRE) as a faculty organization under the direct control of the President thatbrings together world-class researchers from around the world and within the University. It
aims to promote international collaborative research and education that leverages the
University’s strengths and distinctive features as well as to provide support for international
collaborative research and education promoted by faculties and centers, respectively.
Under the GI-CoRE system, a research and education hub known as a Global Station (GS) is
implemented for each research field. GSs have a finite implementation period of five (5) years
in principle to conduct intensive research and education activities. Thus far, eight (8) GSs in
total (see * below) have been implemented to further develop research activities and contributethe resulting cutting-edge research outcomes to graduate school education.
In the final year of the GI-CoRE project period, a Final Evaluation is conducted by the External
Evaluation Committee composed of global experts outside Hokkaido University for each GS
to not only review GS activities from past years but also build a stronger and more sustainable
research and education system in the future.
This Final Evaluation Report contains the Research Progress Report of GS for Arctic Research(GSA) conducted in October 2020 and the evaluation results. This report is a compilation of
the research and education activities of GSA.
After the implementation period, GSA project was transitioned into Arctic Research Center andit was certified as International Collaborative Research Unit, one of the “GI-CoRE Cooperating
Hubs,” to continue research and education activities in cooperation with GI-CoRE after April
2021.
Hokkaido University remains committed to continuing its efforts to contribute to resolving
global issues by conducting advanced research and education activities based on evaluation
results.

Kiyohiro Houkin,
Director,
Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE),
Hokkaido University(President, Hokkaido University)

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*The Global Stations (GSs) implemented thus far.
Name of the GS
Quantum Medical Science and

Implementation
2014–2019

Engineering
Zoonosis Control

Main Internal Affiliation）
Period (FY）

FacultyofMedicine,

University

Hospital, and others
2014–2019

International Institute for Zoonosis
Control and Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine

Food, Land and Water Resources

2015–2019

Research Faculty of Agriculture andothersSoft Matter

2016–2020

Faculty of Advanced Life Science andothersBig Data and Cybersecurity

2016–2020

Faculty of Information Science andTechnology and others

Arctic Research

2016–2020

Arctic Research Center and others

Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery

2019–2023

Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences andothersIndigenous Studies and Cultural

2021-2025

Diversity

Center for Ainu and Indigenous Studies
and others

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Global Station for Arctic Research
Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI‐CoRE)
External Evaluation Committee* Hiroyuki Enomoto,Vice Director-General, National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR), Professor, Arctic
Environment Research Center (AERC) (Japan)
Professor Hajime Yamaguchi,
Department of Ocean Technology, Policy and Environment, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences,
The University of Tokyo (Japan)
Senior Researcher Hein Rune Skjoldal,
Ecosystem Processes Department, The Institute of Marine Research (IMR), (Norway)*Chair17

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Global Station for Arctic Research
Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education(GI‐CoRE)
Schedule of the External Evaluation Committee

1. Date of Implementation
Tuesday, October 20, 2020
Wednesday, October 21, 2020
2. Investigation Schedule
Tuesday, October 20, 2020
JST
18:00-18:05
18:05-18:45
18:45-19:15

SessionOpening Remarks (Prof. Fukamachi)
Explanation about External Evaluation(Prof. Otsuka, GSA Director)#1 Summary Reporton the activities of GSA(Prof. Otsuka)#2 Summary Report from theMarine Environment Unit
（Prof. Fukamachi）

CET
10:00-10:05
10:05-10:45
10:45-11:15

Wednesday, October 21, 2020
JST
18:00-18:30
18:30-19:00
19:00-19:20
19:20-19:50

Session#3 Summary Report from theTerrestrial Environment Unit
（Prof. Sugimoto）#4 Summary Report from theNorthern Sea Route Unit
（Prof. Otsuka）
Break#5 Wrap-up Discussion（Prof. Otsuka）

CET
10:00-10:30
10:30-11:00
11:00-11:20
11:20-11:50

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Results of the Evaluation Committee

Evaluation Committee

Global Station for Arctic Research
Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI‐CoRE)
Hokkaido University
October 202023

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Summary Report
Professor Hiroyuki ENOMOTO, National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR),
Arctic Environment Research Center (AERC) (Japan)
Professor Hajime YAMAGUCHI, Department of Ocean Technology, Policy and Environment, Graduate
School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo (Japan)
Dr. Heine Rune Skjoldal, Ecosystem Processes Department The Institute of Marine Research (IMR)(Norway)Comprehensive Evaluation:S /A / B / C / D (circle one)○The GSA has implemented a unique program of research and education related Arctic. The program
was well designed, and intensive research were done. This is evidenced with the international
publications.
The education programs are very effective to experience the Arctic unique nature and analyze thenatural and social conditions.
The marine science, terrestrial science and Northern sea route are the important current themes. The
GSA targeted understanding these themes and discussed possible social actions.
The GSA is:-a moderate scale research activity in an international context. There are about 25 people directly
involved in the GSA, about half of them from the HU and the other half from foreign partners. The
budget over 5 years (2016-2020) is nearly 180 million JPY, or roughly 1.7 million USD. This
includes personnel and research costs, but not operating and facility costs. The achievements need
to be seen against this scale (persons and economy) of research activity in GSA.

-

structured with three components: marine environment, terrestrial environment, and Northern Sea
Route. Within each of the components, there are research activities focusing on elements which no
doubt reflects the research interests and expertise of staff members in the GSA. This is wise andnecessary in order to develop and carry out research of leading international quality.

-

a program with good partner organizations, the University of Alaska Fairbanks in USA, the NorthEastern Federal University in Yakutsk in Russia and the Nord University in Norway. This is basedon the GSA member’s long-term cooperative activities.

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-a leading program of Hokkaido University as the geographical, cultural and political characteristics
of Hokkaido and connection to the Arctic. As the Global station of Hokkaido University, the GSA
made good achievement and can be evaluated leading research and education program of Arctic.

There are several issues to be improved:
The three components or units of GSA are linked in a broad sense as parts of ‘Arctic change’ but there
are also more specific linkages. There may be needed linkage of components: sea ice, Arctic shipping,marine ecosystems, and terrestrial information with the social and political sciences.
Finally, we can conclude
There has been done the great efforts of the members to progress such a difficult mission and haveproduced abundant outcomes. The program achieved many research and education outcomes. We
expect farther development of research and educations combining the different subjects and also
expanding marine research in to Russian seas and furthermore connecting terrestrial and marine
component through river system, and climate study connecting atmosphere-land-ocean system which isrelevant for Japan and Globe.

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Global Station for Arctic Research
Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI‐CoRE)
Final Evaluation
External Evaluation Committee Member Name:

Hiroyuki Enomoto

Choose one of the five Evaluation Ratings options below as explained by the Evaluation Explanation for each
Evaluation Item on the form.
Evaluation

Evaluation Explanation

Ratings
S

Achieved outcomes surpassed the original plan (Outstanding)A

Good progress has been maintained and expected outcomes have been achieved(Excellent)

B

Most expected outcomes have been achieved with some slight delays (Good)C

Although certain outcomes were achieved, overall results were insufficient (Satisfactory)D

No expected outcomes were achieved (Unsatisfactory)I.

Research1.

Has construction of an international research and education center capable of attracting outstanding researchers

from around the world (including from HU) been achieved?
Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)S /○A / B / C / D (circle one)
(Reasons)
The GSA has worked for research and education on the current Arctic natural and social themes and made many
achievements. The international center was intensively constructed. The partner institutions of Russia, US and
Norway have cooperated with GSA. The GSA and partner institute members were effectively collaborated toachieve the best performance. Even fruitful results of research and education programs, the attempts andexperiences of GSA can be evaluated as the great improvement of Global station which HU aims to establish.
Specific points(Outstanding points)
Good collaboration with partner institutions27

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(Suggestions for improvement)
Share the success of GSA within and out of Hokkaido University program and look for the system of next step.

2.

Is world-leading cutting-edge international cooperative research underway?

Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)S /○A / B / C / D (circle one)
(Reasons)
There are many international coauthored publications with US and Russia. This imply effective coordination withthose researchers.

Even the number of core member is not large, enormous cooperation of research were done.

The marine research in Alaska was evaluated as the high level research and terrestrial research can be evaluatedresearch and capacity building.

Specific points(Outstanding points)
Marine research which highlighted the important research area of Arctic research(Suggestions for improvement)
Hopefully, marine research and Russian research look for possible cooperation/synthesis and more exchange ofexperiences at both regions.

3.

Are research outcomes from GI-CoRE being actively utilized to solve social issues?

Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)
S/ ○A / B / C / D (circle one)
(Reasons)
Northern sea route research has directly connected to the social issues and its contribution is large.
Russian research contributes to the understanding the environmental change. This is important base of adaptation,
mitigation and governance. Russian program will contribute not in the GSA period but for a log-time influence
through the human resources developed by the program although the evidence will be not visible instantaneously.

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Specific points(Outstanding points)
Accumulation and establishing new knowledge on Northern sea route and politics in the Arctic.
(Suggestions for improvement)
Consider utilize the communication with partner institutes over generation as social issues will need log-term
perspectives.

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II.

Education

Is the educational system and curriculum designed to help develop researchers who possess specialized
knowledge and are capable of working internationally?
Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)○
S / A / B / C / D (circle one)
(Reasons)
I evaluated on-site education in Russia as the direct experience will have important outreach. The students,
participants of program will have their unique experience and own voice. It is effective for capacity building of
those person and can expand thorough the students. There is many information which are obtainable through theinternet, but the on-site experience is very rear. The program called and encouraged the participants and offer theopportunity to visit different natural cultural world in the unique Arctic.

Specific points(Outstanding points)
Winter school in Siberia, Russia(Suggestions for improvement)
Share the experience of participants and also their motivation and wishes of instructors.

III.

Establishment of Framework

Are the necessary systems and frameworks being established in order to conduct international cooperative researchand education?
Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)
S/ ○A / B / C / D (circle one)
(Reasons)
The GSA established very unique system to implement the role of Global station of Hokkaido University. This
became a good example of success and contribution of university staffs. The GSA member worked for designingand implementing program. The international cooperation system was established between Hokkaido University Far East Federal University, and Hokkaido University- University of Alaska Fairbanks.

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Specific points(Outstanding points)
Establishment of stable collaboration with Russia university.
This is available for Japanese students and researchers and also can expand opportunity for international student toaccess Russia through Hokkaido University system.
(Suggestions for Improvement)
Each three themes of GSA are important and can sharp their research and education specified those regions. In
addition, the widely overcasting program may be available for general education of Arctic and Global program.
The GSA member includes younger members. Keeping their continuous intent and new insight of program areindispensable of improvement.

IV.

Overall Evaluation(Your Evaluation Results)
S/ ○A / B / C / D (circle one)
(Reasons)
The GSA aimed very unique program for international cooperation and succeeded. The program was well organizedwith oversea institutions. The research and education programs were very unique and available for both high levelresearch and opportunity of actual Arctic issues.
The geographical, cultural and political characteristics of Hokkaido and connection to the Arctic should berecognized.
As the Global station of Hokkaido University, the GSA made good achievement and can be evaluated leading
research and education program of Arctic. Although each area had great achievements, the synthesis may be useful
to improve the program.
The coordination with Russian University can be evaluated. The long-term collaboration with UAF enabled thevariations of program. Those advantage of Hokkaido University should be strengthened and expanded for the next
steps. The leading members have been working well and carried to the next generations. I recognized the group
have powerful younger members.
Although it is not clear how the partner institution got advantages from the program, the interactive advantage will
be important for long-term collaborations.

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32

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Global Station for Arctic Research
Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI‐CoRE)
Final Evaluation
External Evaluation Committee Member Name:

Hajime Yamaguchi

Choose one of the five Evaluation Ratings options below as explained by the Evaluation Explanation for each
Evaluation Item on the form.
Evaluation

Evaluation Explanation

Ratings
S

Achieved outcomes surpassed the original plan (Outstanding)A

Good progress has been maintained and expected outcomes have been achieved(Excellent)

B

Most expected outcomes have been achieved with some slight delays (Good)C

Although certain outcomes were achieved, overall results were insufficient (Satisfactory)D

No expected outcomes were achieved (Unsatisfactory)I.

Research1.

Has construction of an international research and education center capable of attracting outstanding researchers

from around the world (including from HU) been achieved?
Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)
S/A/ ○
B / C / D (circle one)
(Reasons)
Unfortunately, I have not heard anything about GI-CoRE, HU, from my own international network.

The GI-CoRE

is well organized but limited in their own network.
Inter-departmental cooperation is not enough.
Specific points(Outstanding points)
Abundant research outcomes.
(Suggestions for improvement)
Research extension to the Russian side is strongly expected on the marine environment unit.
The marine environment unit is isolated from the other 2 units.

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2.

Is world-leading cutting-edge international cooperative research underway?

Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)○

S / A / B / C / D (circle one)

(Reasons)
The terrestrial unit is well-organized and has produced outstanding outcomes. I hope this group will lead the othergroups. The marine environment unit reveals a lot of natural science outcomes, but the interdisciplinary work is notenough. The northern sea route unit contains very wide areas. Although I understand the difficulty in organizing
such activities and outcomes by rather small number of researchers, I don’t think the organic cooperation has been
fully achieved.
Specific points(Outstanding points)
The achievement of the terrestrial unit.
(Suggestions for improvement)
The other units are expected to study the methodology of the terrestrial unit.
3.

Are research outcomes from GI-CoRE being actively utilized to solve social issues?

Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)
S / A /○
B / C / D (circle one)

(Reasons)
I feel the possibility, but still on the way.
Specific points(Outstanding points)
Abundant papers.
(Suggestions for improvement)
Responses and reactions from stakeholders should be clarified.
The marine environment unit works in the Canadian side, while the other units targeting the Russian side. This
makes it difficult to apply the results to social issues. I hope the marine environment unit will extend their activities
to the Russian side by learning the methodology of Russian cooperation from the other units.

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II.

Education

Is the educational system and curriculum designed to help develop researchers who possess specialized
knowledge and are capable of working internationally?
Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)○

S / A / B / C / D (circle one)

(Reasons)
The educational activities under international cooperation particularly with Russia are highly evaluated. I deeply
respect the long-time efforts particularly by the terrestrial group.
Specific points(Outstanding points)
Continuous execution of summer and winter schools.
(Suggestions for improvement)
Establishment of collaborative curriculum to make this activity be sustainable. On-line education system can be aneffective tool.
III.

Establishment of Framework

Are the necessary systems and frameworks being established in order to conduct international cooperative researchand education?
Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)
S/ ○A / B / C / D (circle one)
(Reasons)
Well-organized.
Specific points(Outstanding points)
In terms of framework, the GSA is well designed, I think. The expected results will really be produced in futuresince such activities need a lot of time to be approved by the society. I am afraid the university will keep continuous
support to such a project-based institution. I really hope they will do that.
(Suggestions for Improvement)
Non.

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IV.

Overall Evaluation

Evaluation Rating and Reasons(Your Evaluation Rating)○

S/ A / ○B / C / D (circle one)

(Reasons)
Actually between A and B.
I respect the great efforts of the members to progress such a difficult mission and have produced abundantoutcomes. I think, however, the collaboration among three units is not enough. The marine environment groupshould soon extend their activities to the Russian side by establishing the collaboration framework with Russia,
learning the methodology from the other units.

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Global Station for Arctic Research
Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI‐CoRE)
Final Evaluation
External Evaluation Committee Member Name:Hein Rune Skjoldal

Choose one of the five Evaluation Ratings options below as explained by the Evaluation Explanation for each
Evaluation Item on the form.
Evaluation

Evaluation Explanation

Ratings
S

Achieved outcomes surpassed the original plan (Outstanding)A

Good progress has been maintained and expected outcomes have been achieved(Excellent)

B

Most expected outcomes have been achieved with some slight delays (Good)C

Although certain outcomes were achieved, overall results were insufficient (Satisfactory)D

No expected outcomes were achieved (Unsatisfactory)I.

Research1.

Has construction of an international research and education center capable of attracting outstanding researchers

from around the world (including from HU) been achieved?
Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)
S / A / B / C / D (circle one) ‘A’(Reasons)
The goals of GSA are very ambitious, aiming to understand the mechanisms of environmental change in the Arctic
and interactions between the Arctic environment and human society. This broad and globally important research
topic has been addressed with focus on three areas, the marine environment with emphasis on oceanography and sea
ice, the terrestrial environment with emphasis on permafrost, and Arctic marine shipping, notably via the Northern
Sea Route. The three research foci build on expertise available in the GSA and at the HU, and they have beenstrengthened through cooperation with international partners in the USA, Russia and Norway.
The choice of partners appears good (see Overall evaluation), and the selected experts from partner organizations
both complement and supplement the overall expertise available in the GSA. The lists of publications resulting from
GSA clearly demonstrate that networks of collaborating scientists have been established that are much broader than
the selected members of GSA from UH and partner organizations. In this way the GSA is contributing to anincreased volume of high-quality research in its selected focal areas.

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The educational aspects appear to be closely linked to the research activities and reflect the expertise of the GSA
core members.
Specific points(Outstanding points)(Suggestions for improvement)2.

Is world-leading cutting-edge international cooperative research underway?

Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)
S / A / B / C / D (circle one)‘A’

(Reasons)
The research has generally been of high quality as reflected in the large number of publications in international
journals. The publications are multi-authored by a network of cooperating scientists from the GSA, its partners, andmany others. This testify to the success of carrying out a large volume of research within the focal areas for the
GSA.

Specific points(Outstanding points)(Suggestions for improvement)3.

Are research outcomes from GI-CoRE being actively utilized to solve social issues?

Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)
S / A / B / C / D (circle one)‘A’

(Reasons)
Experience tells us that it is notoriously difficult to integrate research across the realms of natural science and social
sciences. It would appear that the GSA has been successful in this endeavor. There seems to be three topic areas forsuch integration:
1. Arctic shipping and use of the NSR. The research has included feasibility studies including economic andtechnical aspects. In this work there has been contact with local (sub-national) authorities in Japan as well as
industry.

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2. Petroleum activities and effects on local and state economies in Russia.
3. Political science studies related to geopolitics in the Arctic region including the work of the Arctic Council,
aspects of what is called ‘para-diplomacy’, and work at local and regional scales in Russia addressing climatechange effects and economic and social developments.
4. We can add a fourth element to this list, which is working with indigenous peoples in northern and eastern
Russia, and in Alaska related to sea ice studies.

Specific points(Outstanding points)(Suggestions for improvement)

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II.

Education

Is the educational system and curriculum designed to help develop researchers who possess specialized
knowledge and are capable of working internationally?
Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)
S / A / B / C / D (circle one)‘A’?

(Reasons)
I am not so familiar with the Japanese university system, but I believe the GSA has been successful in developing
courses for both undergraduate and graduate students. The summer and winter schools on topics of permafrost andsatellite remote sensing held in Russia and in Hokkaido seem to have reached a wide audience of students andintroduced them to aspects of Arctic change. This educational activity is related to a partnering with five universities
in the Russian Far East.
Specific points(Outstanding points)(Suggestions for improvement)

III.

Establishment of Framework

Are the necessary systems and frameworks being established in order to conduct international cooperative researchand education?
Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)
S / A / B / C / D (circle one) ‘A’(Reasons)
GSA has been successful in establishing a system and framework for international cooperative research andeducation on important aspects of the broad topic of ‘Arctic change’. See more under next point (overall
evaluation).
Specific points(Outstanding points)(Suggestions for Improvement)

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IV.

Overall Evaluation

The GSA is a moderate scale research activity in an international context. There are about 25 people directly
involved in the GSA, about half of them from the UH and the other half from foreign partners. The budget over 5
years (2016-2020) is nearly 180 million JAY, or roughly 1.7 million USD. This includes personnel and researchcosts, but not operating and facility costs. The achievements need to be seen against this scale (persons andeconomy) of research activity in GSA.
The GSA is structured with three components: marine environment, terrestrial environment, and Northern Sea
Route. Within each of the components, there are research activities focusing on elements which no doubt reflects theresearch interests and expertise of staff members in the GSA. This is wise and necessary in order to develop andcarry out research of leading international quality.
The choice of partners I would assume is done from a practical and pragmatic, bottom-up perspective, building on
personal relationships between core members of the GSA UH staff and experts at the partner institutions. The choiceof partner organizations is good. The University of Alaska Fairbanks is a well-know research center in the USA withstrong expertise on Arctic oceanography, sea ice, and ecology. The North-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk in
Russia has local knowledge and expertise in Arctic terrestrial environment and ecology and seems a good partner toaddress the linkages to social aspects of climate change. The NSR unit has partnered with the Nord University in
Norway that has specialized in aspects of Arctic shipping.
The three components or units of GSA are linked in a broad sense as parts of ‘Arctic change’ but there are also more
specific linkages. The focus on sea ice in the marine unit is clearly linked to two aspects of Arctic shipping:feasibility of operation of ships, and impacts on marine ecosystems (from the combined effects of increased
shipping and climate change). Through this latter aspect, there is also a link between shipping and the biologicalpart of the marine unit. For the terrestrial part there seems to be more limited connections to the two other units,
although in the social and political sciences there are probably connections between environmental and economic
development on the land side and the NSR in broad terms.
Going forward there is a potential to build on the existing collaborative framework while fostering further
development of some of the linkages of the components. One aspect is the influence of the discharge from the large
rivers in northeastern Russia (Lena, Indigirka, Kolyma) on the coastal and marine environments and ecosystems thatform parts of the NSR. Japan and Russia are neighboring countries, and it may be of geopolitical significance tohave good scientific collaboration. In terms of climate, both countries are affected by the same regional-scale
coupled atmosphere-ocean-land system. The ongoing climate change is affecting not only the Arctic, but theadjacent temperate and warmer climatic zones as well. This may be one aspect of continued GSA activities (as apossible GHA) that are of special importance for northern Japan.

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42

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Global Station for Arctic Research
Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education(GI‐CoRE)
Hokkaido Univeristy
Research Progress Report(Project Period: Academic Year 2016‐2020)43

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44

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Contents
I. Overview------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 47

II. Budget------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 48

III. Detailed Results-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48
1. Research-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48
2. Education---------------------------------------------------------------- 59
3. Framework Establishment ---------------------------------------------------------------- 62
Annex-1: International collaborative papers list (peer reviewed)
Annex-2 : Other original paper list (peer reviewed)
Annex-3 : Published Books----------------------- 63--------------------------------- 72---------------------------------------------------------------- 76

Annex-4 : Invited lecture/presentation (International)--------------------------------- 79

Annex-5 : Co-working with stakeholders ------------------------------------------------------ 83

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46

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I.. Overview■ Name of Global Station (GS)Global Station for Arctic Research (GSA)■ Project Period: 2016–2020 academic years (5 years)
from April 2016 to March 2021
■ Location
GSA is located in the Hokkaido University Arctic
Research Center (North-21, West-11 Kita-ku,
Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan, Fig. 1.1),
where 9 of the 14 GSA Hokudai Unit researchmembers are currently situated.

GSA

Hokkaido

Figure 1.1. Location of GSA■ Aims and Goals
The Arctic is warming rapidly at approximately twice the world average, an effect that isaccompanied by atmospheric, climatic, terrestrial, and oceanographic changes. Today, a wide range ofimpacts on ecosystems are emerging in the Arctic and its surrounding regions, in addition to social,political, cultural, and economic impacts on human society. Therefore, it is important to approach thesecomplex issues in an interdisciplinary manner.
GSA was launched as a research hub to promote interdisciplinary Arctic research via
collaborations with leading researchers and institutions worldwide and via an expanded international
research network. GSA seeks to use research outcomes with respect to climate and environmental
change in the Arctic to foster sustainable uses of Arctic regions.
■ Necessity and Urgency
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) AR5 Report indicated the importance of anurgent response to counter global warming. It is widely recognized that the Arctic is rapidly changing
with its temperature increasing at twice the speed of the global average, a long term decrease in theamount of sea ice, acidification of the sea water, melting permafrost, increasing wildfires, and various
effects on the Arctic ecosystem. Further, the cryosphere, including the Arctic, likely has great
importance with respect to the mechanisms of global warming. Therefore, it is of great importance tounderstand the mechanisms of environmental change in the Arctic and their effects on Arctic
ecosystems and the interactions and interrelations between the Arctic environment and human society,not only in the Arctic but also in non-Arctic regions; this constitutes an urgent task for the scientificcommunity.
1
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■ Originality and Novelty
Hokkaido University has long achieved academic results in Arctic research fields, particularly inobservational research, interdisciplinary research, and practical outcomes. These research activities
cover a wide range of academic fields, including natural science, engineering, humanities, and social
sciences, in the Arctic.
GSA aims to leverage these achievements and its background to propel interdisciplinary Arctic
research and expand international research networks based on close connections with the University of
Alaska Fairbanks(UAF), North-Eastern Federal University(NEFU) in Yakutsk, the University of Oslo,and Nord University, each of which has unique and leading research achievements in Arctic research.
This international network will enable GSA to foster diverse human resources to address global issues
related to the warming Arctic.
II. Budget
The GSA budget is shown in Table-2.1. GSA facility and administrative costs are covered by the
Arctic Research Center at Hokkaido University.
Table 2.1. GSA budget

GSA
budgetTotal

Unit: 1,000 JPY
FY 2020
Total(projected)

Category

FY 2016

FY 2017

FY 2018

FY 2019

Personnel costs

17,00017,00017,00017,00017,00085,000Operating costs*

600

600

600

600

600

3,000*

Research costs(approximately)

17,33019,005

12,51819,04820,19388,094

Facility costs*

500

500

500

500

500

2,500*

35,43037,10530,61837,14838,293

178,594*Covered by the Arctic Research Center at Hokkaido University
III. Detailed Results
1. Research
1.1 Goals
The goals of GSA include determining the mechanisms of change in the Arctic Ocean, cryosphereand atmospheric environment, and terrestrial and marine ecosystems in the Arctic caused by global
warming, as well as examining their impacts on and responses to humans. The primary goals of GSA
are as follows: To examine the rapidly changing Arctic sea ice, oceanographic structure, and interactions between
the ocean/sea ice/atmosphere and to understand their effects on marine ecosystems and humansociety;2

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 To examine the vulnerability of the terrestrial environment and its correlation with human society; To examine the feasibility, future perspectives, environmental effects, and sustainability of humanuse of the Arctic Ocean including shipping, resource development, tourism, and fisheries; and To examine the social, political, and geopolitical responses of human society to the changing Arctic
environment.
1.2 Current Progress/Future Developments(1) Base Construction
The GSA organizational diagram can be seen in Figure 3.1 and Table 3.1. The GSA base at the
Hokkaido University has three research units: the Marine Environment, Terrestrial Environment, andNorthern Sea Route units. There are 14 research members in total. There are also two overseas units,
the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) Unit in the U.S.A. and the North-Eastern Federal University(NEFU) Unit in the Sakha Republic, Russia. In addition, GSA has been working with the Center forHigh North Logistics (CHNL) at the Nord University Business School in Norway and Oslo University.
The UAF Unit has three appointed researchers and three non-appointed researchers. The NEFU Unit
has one non-appointed researcher and one researcher appointed to the Hokkaido University Unit (inMarch 2020).

0

*

4

*

4

A

3
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50

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PI: Yasu Fukamachi, Prof.
(Physical Oceanography, Sea ice)
・Masanobu Yamamaoto, Prof.
(Organic Geochemistry)・Daiki Nomura, Associate Prof. (Chemical
Oceanography and Fishery)・Jorge Garcia Molinos, Assistant Prof. (Global
Climate Change Ecology and Modeling)★：GI-CoRE Appointed overseas researcher

Assoc. Prof. Frantz Mueter (Fisheries)

Cooperative UAF Members★Prof. Hajo Eicken (Sea ice)
★Assoc. Prof. Andrew Mahoney (Sea ice）
★Assist. Prof. Andrey Pnyushkov (Physicaloceanography）

Covering natural science, humanity & social
science and practical research of the Arctic,
and being a U.S.A.’s leading university in the
Arctic researchNorthern Sea Route Unit

Sustainable use of the Arctic Ocean
under rapid changing Arctic
environment and society,
Trans-disciplinary research and practicalresearch

4

Figure 3.1. GSA Organizational Diagram

PI: Atsuko Sugimoto, Prof.
(Forestry, Bio-geoscience,)
・Mamoru Ishikawa, Associate Prof.
(Permafrost)・Teppei Yasunari, Assistant Prof.
(Atmospheric science)
・Minori Takahashi Assistant Prof.
(Geopolitics, Indigenous society)・Evgeny Podolskiy, Assistant Prof.
(Seismology, Glaciology)

Hokkaido University Base・Juha Saunavaara, Assistant Prof. (Social
Science, Regional Development)

・Fujio Ohnishi, Associate Prof.
(International Politics, Geopolitics)

PI：Natsuhiko Otsuka, Prof.
(Ice Engineering, Maritime Logistics)
・Shin-Ichiro Tabata, Prof. (Economics)

UAF: Prof. Lawson Brigham (Geography,
Maritime affairs)b ase, Infrastructure)

Nord University(Norway)
・ Associate Prof. Bjorn Gunnarsson(Logistics, Data

Cooperative Institutions

UAF： Dr. G. Iwahana (Permafrost)

Environmental change in the Arctic
・Prof. Bernd Etzelmuller (Permafrost)
・Prof. Jon Ove Hagen (Glaciology)

Oslo University(Norway)(Local Economy and Regional development)

Cooperative NEFU Member ： Prof. Tuyara Gavrilyeva

Linking various fields of “Northern Studies”
and local community★ Prof. Trofim Maximov (Bio-geoscience)

North Eastern Federal University(NEFU) Unit (Russia)

University of Alaska Fairbanks(UAF) Unit (U.S.A.)

Terrestrial Environment Unit

Vulnerability of Arctic environment andsociety

Marine Environment Unit

Changing sea ice, ocean environment
and marine ecosystem, and their social
effectTable 3.1. GSA Research Members
Table 3.1. GSA Research Members
Affiliated institutions

Researcher nameResearch field

Marine Environment Unit:
Marine Environment Unit:
 Professor Yasushi FUKAMACHI
Physical Oceanography, Global
 Professor Masanobu YAMAMOTO
Climate Change Ecology and Associate Professor Daiki NOMURA
Numerical Modeling, Organic Assistant Professor Jorge GARCIA
Geochemistry,
Chemical
MOLINOS
Oceanography, and Fishery

Arctic Research Center,
Hokkaido University

Terrestrial Environment Unit:
Terrestrial Environment Unit:
Forestry,
Bio-geoscience, Professor Atsuko SUGIMOTO
Permafrost,
Seismology,
 Professor Trofim MAXIMOV (NorthAtmospheric
Science,
Eastern Federal University, Russia)
Geopolitics, and Anthropology
 Associate Professor Mamoru ISHIKAWA(indigenous communities)
 Assistant Professor Evgeny PODOLSKIY Assistant Professor Teppei J. YASUNARI
 Assistant Professor Minori TAKAHASHINorthern Sea Route Unit:
Northern Sea Route Unit:
 Professor Natsuhiko OTSUKA
Maritime Engineering, Social
 Professor Shin-Ichiro TABATA
Science, International Politics,
Geopolitics, and the Russian Associate Professor Fujio OHNISHI
Economy AssistantProfessor
Juha
M.
SAUNAVAARA
UniversityofPhysical Oceanography, Sea Ice

Alaska Professor Hajo EICKEN

Fairbanks Unit

Associate Professor Andrew MAHONEY

Geophysics, and Arctic Social–

Assistant Professor Andrey PNYUSHKOV

Environmental Systems

North-Eastern

Federal Professor Tuyara GAVRILYEVA

University Unit

(Professor Trofim MAXIMOV)

Forestry,

Bio-geoscience,

Permafrost, and Economics

Joint Research Laboratory
Hokkaido University Arctic Research Center (Sapporo, North-Eastern Federal University Unit (Yakutsk, Sakha
Japan)
Republic, Russia)

Joint Lab in Hokkaido Univ.

Field observation base in Yakutsk

Other Overseas Institutions
Oslo University (Norway)
Center for High North 
Logistics(CHNL), 
Business School, Nord
University

Prof. Bernd ETZELMULLER
Prof. Jon Ove HAGEN

Permafrost and Glaciology

Managing Director Kjell STOKVIKAssociate Professor and Senior Researcher
Bjorn GUNNARSSON

Maritime Engineering, Logistics,
and Remote Sensing

5
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1) Collaboration with the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF)
Professor Eicken and other UAF Unit members have extensive experience in physical oceanography
focusing on the interaction of sea ice and the Arctic Ocean in observational and physical modelingresearch. The UAF Unit has accumulated field information on oceanographic and sea ice conditions in
the Bering Sea, Beaufort Sea, and Chukchi Sea. Hokkaido University has a long record of performing
joint observational research off the Alaskan Coast with UAF to examine sea ice and physicaloceanographic characteristics. The GSA Marine Environment Unit is advancing physicaloceanographic research on the Arctic Ocean by taking advantage of the accumulated field observation
experience of UAF. In addition, UAF promotes a high level of research in permafrost and Arctic
maritime assessment studies. The GSA Terrestrial Environment and Northern Sea Route units have beencollaborating with UAF in these research fields.
2) Collaboration with the North-Eastern Federal University (NEFU)
The NEFU Unit has a long record of field observational research achievements in forestry andterrestrial environments taking advantage of its field observation base, the Spasskaya Pad Scientific
Forest Station, which is located 20 km north of Yakutsk City in the Sakha Republic, Russia. In 2017,
the Hokkaido University Arctic Research Center and NEFU established the Joint Research Laboratory
to facilitate cooperative research and education. Using the Spasskaya Pad Scientific Forest Station, theTerrestrial Environment Unit is advancing observational research in forestry, terrestrial environments,
humanities, and social sciences with the NEFU Unit.
3) Collaboration between faculty members at Hokkaido University
GSA has three research units, the Marine Environment, Terrestrial Environment, and Northern Sea
Route units, in its organizational structure. Each unit is led by professors of the Arctic Research Centerat Hokkaido University. Even though each research unit focuses on specialized research fields regarding
the Arctic, they have a common research principle to proceed toward the common goal of GSA, as
described in Section III.1. Because research issues in the Arctic tend to involve overlapping scientificfields and social disciplines, all research units work jointly to address interdisciplinary issues. The threeunits have been jointly offering international educational programs such as summer and winter schools
and building the capacities of local Arctic communities.
(2) International Collaborative Research
1) Current progress (in meeting initial research goals)
Overseas researchers were appointed at UAF and NEFU to build a research hub to promoteinterdisciplinary Arctic research. Together with the overseas units, GSA has encouraged collaborative
research and education in multidisciplinary academic fields covering physical oceanography, glaciology,
terrestrial environment, engineering, humanities, and social sciences. Some of the research projects
have expanded their activities to involve Arctic and non-Arctic stake holders, such as local communities,
companies, and municipalities. International educational activities with students have been carried out
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y,,to promote an integrated understanding of the Arctic, covering the environment, industry, society, andinternational politics.
The Hokkaido University Arctic Research Center (ARC), which is a main body of GSA, has also
opened two joint laboratories in Russia. GSA has been collaborating activities at these joint laboratories
in research and education to foster international networks and cooperative research.
2) Marine Environment Unit
The following studies on the mechanisms and characteristics of sea ice and the Arctic Ocean havebeen carried out jointly with UAF.
 Physical oceanographic mechanisms of the Arctic Ocean, such as wind-driven oceanic routing,tidal currents, and the effect of inflow from subarctic seas, has been investigated.
 Studies on land-fast sea ice, such as stress, fracture, breakout behavior, and ice core evaluationsof the surface water mass composition, have been performed.
 Studies on changes in the thickness and circulation of multiyear ice in the Beaufort Gyre havebeen performed.
 Studies on the role of sea ice in the global climate system as a marine mammal habitat, anengineering constraint, and a way of life for residents of Arctic communities have also been
conducted. Via the integration of indigenous knowledge with unmanned aircraft technology, themechanical behavior of ice and the mechanisms and impacts of sea ice changes in western Arctic
Alaska have been investigated.
3) Terrestrial Environment Unit
 In northeastern Siberia in the Russian Arctic, long standing field observations of the forest
environment have been conducted by Hokkaido University (Terrestrial Environment Unit) andNEFU. Based on these joint field observations, the characteristics of methane emission and tree
death subject to precipitation, soil moisture, and extreme climate have been investigated.
 The behavior and environmental effects of atmospheric aerosols in the cryosphere, such as thesnow-darkening effect from light-absorbing aerosols and wildfires, have been analyzed incollaboration with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Aerosol
Robotic Network (AERONET) and the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) in
Japan.
 Scientific expeditions in areas such as Northwest Greenland, the Nepal Himalayas, and East
Antarctica co-organized by international (ETH Zurich, University of Florence, Katmandu
University, and Austral University of Chile) and domestic (Hokkaido University and Nagoya
University) institutions have been used to investigate the ongoing changes and dynamics ofglaciers and their related environments.
4) Northern Sea Route Unit
 Studies on the Northern Sea Route have been conducted together with UAF and Nord University
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focusing on navigational and commercial feasibility, future perspectives for Arctic shipping,assessments of infrastructures and river–ocean logistic networks, and related issues. Such studies
cut across multiple disciplinary research fields such as ice engineering, logistics, economics, andsocial science and involve collaborations with the business sector with respect to port andmaritime logistics.
 The impact of oil and gas development in the Arctic on the local and Russian economies is being
analyzed. By examining the flow of financial and investment resources between Russian regions,
it can been seen that the state budget is heavily dependent on oil- and gas-producing regions, mostof which are in Arctic and subarctic areas.
 Future scenarios for Arctic societies and their effects on non-Arctic societies have been
investigated from social, economic, and political viewpoints to evaluate new directions of Arctic
research.
(3) Research results (FY 2016–2020)
Table 3.2 shows an overview of the GSA research results with respect to publications, presentations,awards, and external grants achieved in the fiscal years of 2016–2020.
Table 3.2. Overview of GSA Research Results (FY 2016–2020)
Featured in Japanese journals: 1; featured in International
1. International
journals: 101
collaborative papers(peer reviewed)
2. Other publications
Featured in Japanese journals (peer reviewed): 8;(peer reviewed)
Featured in International journals (peer reviewed): 43;
Books published: 6 (English), 1 (Russian), 1(Finnish), 10(Japanese)
3. Invited oral
Keynote speeches: 4; invited speeches and presentations: 35;
presentations
invited chairs: 10(international)
4. Awards received
5
5. External grants
53 external grants, with GSA researchers as the principal
investigator(Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS): 15;
Government Ministry: 3; International: 4; Company: 1; Research
institute: 24; Others: 6)1) Academic Research Papers (peer reviewed)
From the fiscal year 2016 to 2020, 101 international collaborative papers (peer reviewed) and 43
peer-reviewed original papers were published. The research fields of these papers covered naturalscience, engineering, humanities, and social sciences. A breakdown of the scientific fields of these
papers can be seen in Figure 3.2. International collaborative and other peer-reviewed paper lists are
given in Annex-1 and Annex-2, respectively.

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Academic papers(peer reviewed)
oceanographymarine environment
sheriers science
biologyterrestrial environment
atmosphere
glaciology
snow & ice science
climateice engineering
logis�c engineering
environmental engineering
remote sensing
geopoli�csinterna�onal poli�cssocial scienceanthropology
economics
otherLegendInterna�onal_collabora�ve_papers
Other_peer_reviewed_papers

0

5

10

15
20
Peer reviewed papers

25

30

Figure 3.2. Academic fields of peer-reviewed papers
2) Published books
From the fiscal year 2016 to 2020, 21 books were published: 9 were written in English, 1 waswritten in Russian, 1 was written in Finnish, and 10 were written in Japanese. The themes of these books
covered the academic fields of social science, geopolitics, international politics, terrestrial environment,
logistic engineering, and climate (Figure 3.3). A list of the published books is given in Annex-3.
3) Oral presentations
In total, 49 invited keynotes, speeches, presentations, and chairs have been carried out
internationally. These activities covered a wide range of academic fields related to the Arctic and global
climate change. Figure 3.4 shows the thematic fields of each activity. A list of invited international oralpresentations is given in Annex-4.

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Invited Speeches/Presenta�ons

Published Books

oceanographymarine environment
sheriers science
biologyterrestrial environment
atmosphere
glaciology
snow & ice science
climateice engineering
logis�c engineering
environmental engineering
remote sensing
geopoli�csinterna�onal poli�cssocial scienceanthropology
economicsothermul�-disciplinary ac�vity

oceanographymarine environment
sheriers science
biologyterrestrial environment
atmosphere
glaciology
snow & ice science
climateice engineering
logis�c engineering
environmental engineering
remote sensing
geopoli�csinterna�onal poli�cssocial scienceanthropology
economicsother

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Published Books

Figure 3.3. Published Books

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Invited Speeches/Presentatoins

Figure 3.4. Invited Speeches and Presentations

4) Awards
From fiscal year 2016 to 2020, GSA members received the five awards listed below.
 Saitoh, S.: The 16th Wooster Award of the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES).
(https://meetings.pices.int/Awards/Wooster-Award), 2016
 Saitoh, S.: Distinguished Science Award of the PORSEC-Pan Ocean Remote Sensing Conference,(https://porsec.nwra.com/awards/), 2016
 Podolskiy, E.: Hirata Award of the Japanese Society of Snow and Ice,
(https://www.arc.hokudai.ac.jp/seppyo_award/), September 30, 2016
 Yasunari, T.: Hokkaido University President Award for Education & Research, February 17, 2020
 Takahashi, M.: Tejima Sei-ichi Research Award, Tokyo Institute of Technology, February 27, 2020
5) External grants
All the GSA research activities and administrative operations are provided via external funding
granted to each of the researchers, most of whom are concurrently serving at GSA. Table 3.3 shows alist of the external grants in which a GSA researcher is the principal investigator.

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Table 3.3. List of external grants in which the GSA researcher is the principal investigator
Kakenhi (Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research),
type-S (JSPS)
Kakenhi (Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research),
type-A
Kakenhi (Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research),
type-B
Collaborative Study of Long-term Variability of the
Asian Monsoon (Strategic Young Researcher
Overseas Visits Program for Accelerating Brain
Circulation)

grant

JSPS

Numberof cases
１

grant

JSPS

1

2016-2019

grant

JSPS

10

2016-2020

grant

JSPS

1

2017-2020,

Climatic and ecological changes of the past 1900
years inferred from long-chain alkenones in Kusai
Lake, northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
the Promotion of Joint International Research:
International politics in the Arctic ~ Formulationand development of international order at regional
level
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research,
Ambient seismic noise analysis as a new proxy for
glaciology
Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS),
2015~2020

grant

MEXT

1

2018-2020

grant

JSPS

1

2018-2020

grant

JSPS

1

2018-2021

National
Research
Project
grant

MEXT

1

2015-2020

MLIT

1

2018-2022

grantBelmont Forum1

2015-2018

grant

Belmont Forum1

2015-2019

grant

National
Geographic
Society
U.K.
National
Environmental
Research Council

1

2019

1

2012-2017

Hitachi Ltd.

1

2016-2018

J-ARC Net

3

J-ARC Net

3

J-ARC Net

15

JAMSTEC2

2016-2018,2017-2019,2018-2020
2016, 2017,2018, 2019,2020
2016, 2017,2018, 2019,2020
2015-2018,2017-2020

Title

Type

Resilience of river ecosystem under changing
climateRACArctic – Resilience and adaptive capacity ofarctic marine systems under a changing climate
COPERA – C budget of ecosystems and cities andvillages on permafrost in eastern Russian Arctic
Ecological resilience to climate change andextinctions in subarctic freshwaters (EC-51224R18)
Shifting climate as a predictor for change in marine
biodiversity at local, regional and global scales(NE/J024082/1)
Social Innovation Project in the North
Industry-Government-Academia
Collaboration
Support Projects (Feasibility Study)
Industry-Government-Academia
Collaboration
Support Projects (Meeting Support)
Researcher’s Community Support Projects
International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP)

grant

Joint
research
grant
Joint
research
grant
Joint
research
grant
Joint
research
grant
Contracted
research

FunderYear
2019-2024

continued to the next page
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Low temperature operation test of Small size
aerosol sensor and PM2.5 sensor

Joint
research
grant

Development of snow cover scheme of land surface
model

Joint
research
grant

Feasibility study on Container Transport via theNorthern Sea Route

grant

Grant for Cold Region’s Port Development
Research (2016,2017,2018,2019,2020)

grantInstitute of Low
Temperature
Science (Hokkaido
University)
Atmosphere andOcean
Research
Institute,
The
Tokyo University
Hokkaido
Development
Association
Cold Region Port
andHarborResearch Center1

2018-20191

2018-2019

1

2016

5

2016~2020

Here, JSPS indicates the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; MEXT indicates the
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan; MLIT indicatesthe Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, Japan; JAMSTEC indicates the Japan
Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology; and J-ARC Net indicates the Japan
Arctic Research Network Center.
6) Collaborations with institutions (universities, research institutes, local governments, andcompanies) other than affiliated universities
Table 3.4. Collaborations with other research institutions
Institutions
Northern Arctic Federal University(NArFU, Arkhangelsk, Russia)
Far-Eastern Federal University (FEFU,
Vladivostok, Russia)
The North Pacific Marine Science
Organization (PICES)
Nord University (Bodø, Norway)
University
Finland)of

Lapland(Rovaniemi,

Korea Maritime Institute (Korea)
Shanghai Institute for International
Studies (SIIS, Shanghai, People's
Republic of China)

Activity
GSA signed the MOU and established Joint Laboratory forcooperative research and education between ARC-HU and NArFU.
GSA took care of the summer school and winter school lectures
together with FEFU in Vladivostok.
GSA participated in the PICES working group-39 on the
ICES/PICES/PAME Working Group on Integrated Ecosystem
Assessment for the Central Arctic Ocean (WGICA).
GSA has been conducting joint research project on Arctic shippingwith Nord University.
GSA and University of Lapland have been bilaterally giving lectures,conducting social scientific research and applying international
research project.
GSA has been organizing North Pacific Arctic Research Community(NPARC) together with KMI and SIIS since 2016. NPARC has been
holding an annual meeting in rotation of three countries.

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Table 3.5. Collaborations with other institutions
Institutions
Hokkaido Committee for Economic
Development (HCED, Sapporo, Japan)
Hokkaido Nutopia Data Center Study
Group (Sapporo, Japan)
Arctic Economic Council (AEC)
Arctic Council
Tomakomai Port Authority (Tomakomai,
Japan)
Hokkaido Government (Sapporo, Japan)

Activity
GSA and HCED have been cooperating on utilizing the Northern Sea
Route, and promoting Arctic sub-sea data cable/data center initiative.
GSA joined to found this study group together with companies andresearchers.
GSA and HCED hosted the Top of the World Broad band Summit of
AEC in Hokkaido University in 2018.
Two members of NSR Unit are representing Japan to the Arctic
Council’s working groups of PAME and SDWG.
GSA and Tomakomai Port Authority have been carrying out acollaborative study on Northern Sea Route (NSR). And worked out
pilot shipping of containers via the NSR in 2019.
GSA is providing an assistance to Hokkaido Government to build
strategy and policy for utilizing the Northern Sea Route.

(4) Science outreach and outcome
GSA Arctic research can be characterized by its trans-disciplinary activities in the land–ocean–
atmosphere spatial fields and in the natural science, engineering, humanities, and social sciences
academic fields, as well as its collaborations with stakeholders such as citizens, public sectors(including government, municipality, and other related public bodies), and industry. As a result,collaborations between multidisciplinary academic fields and with stakeholders are found in various
types of activities (Annex-5). Based on these activities, GSA has been encouraging members to publish
international collaborative papers. Expanding international research and education networks is also an
important task for GSA members.
At the same time, most of the research content at GSA is connected to the sustainability of the
Arctic in terms of monitoring the rapidly changing Arctic environment and investigating mechanismsof environmental change, effects on the ecosystem, and effects on human society, economy, andinternational relations. All of these scientific outcomes are expected to contribute the United Nations
Sustainable Development Goals.
2. Education
2.1 Goals
The educational goal of GSA is to build an educational framework to foster global human resourcesthat are capable of working on interdisciplinary Arctic issues. To this end, GSA has joined educational
activity of the Graduate School of Environmental Science and Public Policy School at Hokkaido
University together with ARC.
2.2 Current Progress and Future Developments(1) Expansion of Arctic Research in Graduate School Education
Currently, the Graduate School of Environmental Science at Hokkaido University has beenplanning structure reform, which includes establishment of new study course. GSA is preparing to takepart in this new course under the ARC’s structure.
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(2) International Collaborative Education
1) Hokkaido Summer InstituteHokkaido University has been organizing the Hokkaido Summer Institute (HSI), which covers mostdisciplines at the university, since 2016. HSI provides short courses to expand academic knowledge anddevelop skills for both undergraduate and graduate students. These courses are offered by Hokkaido
University departments and leading researchers from institutions worldwide. GSA has been engaged in
HSI since its start, offering scientific courses on the Arctic environment and related themes. UAF and
NEFU have been taking part in HSI lectures together with GSA-Hokkaido University Unit members.
Table 3.6. Hokkaido Summer Institute
Title of course
2016
Satellite Views of the Arctic
2017
Satellite Views of the Arctic
Cryospheric Modelling
2018
Satellite Views of the Arctic
2019
Introduction to Arctic naturaland social sciences

GSA members

TargetSaitoh, S. and Eicken, H. (UAF)

graduate

Saitoh, S., Fukamachi, Y. and Eicken, H. (UAF),
Ishikawa, M. (in collaboration with Prof. Thomas V. Schulerfrom University of Oslo)

graduate
graduate

Saitoh, S., Fukamachi, Y. and Eicken, H. (UAF)

graduate

Eicken, H. (UAF), Fukamachi, Y., Ohnishi, F., Otsuka, N.,
Saunavaara, J, Sugimoto, A., Takahashi, M. and Yasunari, T.

undergraduate

2) Summer and Winter schools in collaboration with NEFU
Hokkaido University provides a learning satellite educational program, which enables bothundergraduate and graduate students to take short-term classes overseas and earn credits. The classes
are prepared by faculty members of both Hokkaido University and overseas universities. GSA provides
learning satellites together with NEFU and the Far-Eastern Federal University (FEFU, Vladivostok) inboth the summer and winter terms in Russia.
As a member of the East Russia–Japan Expert Education Consortium (RJE3 Consortium) together
with five Russian Far East partner universities, Hokkaido University provides two educational courses
for Japanese and Russian students. GSA provides courses at the summer and winter school programs inboth Yakutsk and Vladivostok.

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Table 3.7. Learning satellites and other educational programs provided by GSA
Title of course
2016
Learning Satellite1) Summer School for Permafrost Ecosystem in
Yakutsk and Vladivostok
2) UArctic Thematic Network on Permafrost
2017
Learning Satellite1) Summer School for Permafrost Ecosystem in
Yakutsk and Vladivostok
2) UArctic Thematic Network on Permafrost
RJE 3 Summer and Winter Schools
2018
Learning Satellite Summer School for Permafrost
Ecosystem in Yakutsk and Vladivostok
RJE 3 Summer School and Winter School
2019
Learning Satellite Winter Course in Yakutsk and
Vladivostok
Learning Satellite Summer School for Permafrost
Ecosystem in Yakutsk and Vladivostok
RJE 3 Summer and Winter Schools
Lecture course: Introduction to Circumpolar
North
Finnish-Japanese Arctic Studies Summer School
2020
Lecture course: Introduction to Circumpolar
North
RJE 3 Yakutsk Field Course/Winter School
ONLINE

GSA affiliation

TargetSugimoto, A. and Maximov, T.

graduate

Sugimoto, A. and Maximov, T.

graduate

Sugimoto, A., and Maximov, T.

graduate

Sugimoto, A., Otsuka, N., and Maximov, T.

graduate

Sugimoto, A., Otsuka, N., and Maximov, T.

graduate

Sugimoto, A., Otsuka, N., and Maximov, T.

graduate

Sugimoto, A. and Maximov, T.

graduate

Sugimoto, A. and Maximov, T.
Fukamachi, Y., Molinos, J.G., Ohnishi, F.,
Otsuka,N, Podolskiy, E., Saitoh, S.,
Saunavaara,J,
Sugimoto,A.,
Takahashi,M., and Maximov, T.
Ohnishi, F., Otsuka, N., Saunavaara, J,
Sugimoto, A. and Yasunari, T.

graduate
graduate

Fukamachi, Y., Molinos, J.G., Ohnishi, F.,
Otsuka,N, Podolskiy, E., Saunavaara, J,
Sugimoto, A., and Takahashi,M.
Gavrieva, T., Maximov, T., Otsuka, N. and
Sugimoto, A.

graduate

graduate

graduate

3) Other practices
Professor Otsuka and Associate Professor Ohnishi have joined the UArctic Thematic Network
Project, which aims to form a natural framework for the development of UArctic education and research
to increase knowledge generation and sharing across the northern countries.
Table 3.8 UArctic Thematic Network
Title of activity
Thematic Network on Collaborative Resource
Management
Thematic Network on Arctic in Asia, Asia in the
Arcticyear
2018~

GSA affiliation
Otsuka, N.

2018~

Ohnishi, F.

Targetstudent, local municipality inGreenland
student

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3. Framework Establishment(1) GSA Management System
By limitation of the budget, GSA does not have an office clerk or other administrative staff. Instead,
GSA management duties are performed by the GSA director, three research unit leaders, and advisor to
the ARC Director.
Table 3.9. Management staff
PeriodFrom April 2016
From April 2018
From April 2020
GSA Director
Sei-Ichi Saitoh (Prof.)
Natsuhiko Otsuka (Prof.)
Marine Environmental Unit
Yasushi Fukamachi (Prof.)
Terrestrial Environment Unit
Atsuko Sugimoto (Prof.)
Northern Sea Route Unit
Shin-Ichiro Tabata (Prof.)
Natsuhiko Otsuka (Prof.)
Advisor to ARC director
Shingo Tanaka (URA)
Masayo Ogi (URA)
URA: University Research Administrators, The Hokkaido University Research Development Section(2) Future Plan
Following the completion of the five-year project period, GSA is planning to continue to developinternational joint research activity with the current overseas units. To achieve this, the Arctic ResearchCenter at Hokkaido University (ARC) has budgeted for project-based trans-disciplinary Arctic researchand the strengthening of its organizational structure via the “Functional enhancement fund, 2020–2024.”
This five-year project will enable ARC to continue to assign researchers to GSA, to propel international
joint research activity, and to organize trans-disciplinary Arctic research units. ARC will form “the GICoRE Cooperating Hub for Arctic Research (GHA)(tentative name)” to inherit the international
network, research activities, and educational functions of GSA. GHA(tentative) will inherit threeresearch units, the Marine Environment Unit, Terrestrial Environment Unit, and Trans-disciplinary Unit
(formerly the Northern Sea Route Unit), and develop joint research activity with the overseas GSA units.
The tentative action plan of GHA(tentative) is as follows: Propelling interdisciplinary approaches to counter Arctic issues; Enabling cross appointments of young researchers to achieve further international
collaboration and unique research; and Inheriting and further advancing the GSA international educational program.

16
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”.

Annex-1: International collaborative papers list (peer reviewed)
1) Jones, J., Eicken, H., Mahoney, A.R., Kambhamettu, MV, C., Fukamachi, Y., Ohshima, K. I., andGeorge, J. C. (2016). : "Landfast sea ice breakouts: Stabilizing ice features, oceanic and atmosphericforcing at Barrow, Alaska", Continental Shelf Research, 126, 50-63 [International journal]2) Smith, I. J., Eicken, H., Mahoney, A.R., Van Hale, R., Gough, A. J., Fukamachi, Y., and Jones, J.
(2016). : "Surface water mass composition changes captured by cores of Arctic land-fast sea ice",
Continental Shelf Research, 118, 154-164. [International journal]3) Fujiwara, A., Hirawake, T., Suzuki, K., Eisner, L., Imai, I., Nishino, S., Kikuchi, T., and Saitoh, S.-I.
(2016). : “Influence of timing of sea ice retreat on phytoplankton size during marginal ice zone bloom
period on the Chukchi and Bering shelves”, Biogeosciences, 13, 115-131, doi:10.5194/bg-13-1152016 [International journal]4) García Molinos, J., Burrows, M. T., and Poloczanska, E. S. (2017). : "Ocean currents modify the
coupling between climate change and biogeographical shifts", Scientific Reports, 7:1332,
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-01309-y [International journal]5) Yamamoto, M., Nam, S.I., Polyak, L., Kobayashi, D., Suzuki, K., Irino, T., and Shimada, K. (2017). :"Holocene dynamics in the Bering Strait inflow to the Arctic and the Beaufort Gyre circulation basedon sedimentary records from the Chukchi Sea" Climate of the Past, 13, 1111–1127. [International
journal]6) García Molinos, J., Takao, S., Kumagai, N. H., Poloczanska, E. S., Burrows, M. T., Fujii, M., andYamano, H. (2017). : "Improving the interpretability of climate landscape metrics: an ecological risk
analysis of Japan's Marine Protected Areas", Global Change Biology, 23 (10): 4440-4452. [International
journal]7) García Molinos, J., Poloczanska, E. S., Olden, J. D., Lawler, J. J., and Burrows, M. T. (2018). :"Biogeographical Shifts and Climate Change", In: D. A. DellaSala, and Michael I. Goldstein (eds), The
Encyclopedia of the Anthropocene, vol.[3], pp. 217-228. Oxford: Elsevier [International journal]8) Booth, D. J., Poloczanska, E. S., Donelson, J. M., García Molinos, J., and Burrows, M. T. (2017). :"Chapter 4: Biodiversity and Climate Change in the Oceans", In: B. F. Phillips and M. Pérez-Ramírez(eds). Climate Change Impacts on Fisheries and Aquaculture. pp. 63-91. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[International publication]9) Podolskiy, E. A., Genco, R., Sugiyama, S., Walter, F., Funk, M., Minowa, M., and Ripepe, M. (2017). :"Seismic and infrasound monitoring of Bowdoin Glacier, Greenland", Low Temperature Science, 75:
15-36. [International journal]10) Kashiwase, H. , Ohshima, K. I., Nihashi, S., and Eicken, H. (2017). : "Evidence for ice-ocean albedo
feedback in the Arctic Ocean shifting to a seasonal ice zone", Scientific Reports, 7:8170,
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-08467-z [International journal]11) Hirano, D., Fukamachi, Y., Ohshima, K.I., Watanabe, E., Mahoney, A.R, Eicken, H., Itoh, M., Simizu,
D., Iwamoto, K., Jones, J., Takatsuka, T., Kikuchi, T., and Tamura, T. (2018). : "Winter Water Formationin Coastal Polynyas of the Eastern Chukchi Shelf: Pacific and Atlantic Influences ", JOURNAL OF
GEOPHYSICALRESEARCH-OCEANS
123(8)
5688
5705,
17
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https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JC013307. [International journal]12) Alabia, I., Garcia Molinos, J., Saitoh, S.-I., Hirawake, T., Hirata, T., and Mueter, F.J. (2018). :"Distribution shifts of marine taxa in the Pacific Arctic under contemporary climate changes", Diversity
and Distributions, 24 (11): 1583-1597 [International journal]
13) Baumann, T. M., Polyakov, I. V., Pnyushkov, A. V., Rember, R., Ivanov, V. V., Alkire, M. B., Goszczko,
I., and Carmack, E. C. (2018). "On the Seasonal Cycles Observed at the Continental Slope of the Eastern
Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean", J. Phys. Oceanogr., 48, doi:10.1175/JPO-D-17-0163.1.
[International journal]
14) Bogorodskii, P.V., Pnyushkov, A.V., and Kustov, V. Yu. (2018). : "Seasonal freezing of a subwater
ground layer at the Laptev sea shelf, In “The Ocean in Motion”", Velarde, M.G., Tarakanov, R. Yu.,
Marchenko, A.V., (Eds.), Springer, 567 p. [International journal]
15) Brito-Morales, I., Garcia Molinos, J., Schoeman, D.S., Burrows, M.T., Poloczanska, E.S., Brown, C.J.,
Ferrier, S., Harwood, T.D., Klein, C.J., McDonald-Madden, E., Moore, P.J., Pandolfi, J.M., Watson,
J.E.M., Wenger, A.S., and Richardson, A.J. (2018). : "Climate velocity can inform conservation in a
warming world", Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 33 (6), 441-457 [International journal]
16) Dammann, D. O., Eriksson, L. E. B., Mahoney, A. R., Eicken, H., and Meyer, F. J. (2018). : "Landfast
sea ice stability – mapping pan-Arctic ice regimes with implications for ice use, subsea permafrost andmarine habitats", The Cryosphere Discuss., 1-23 10.5194/tc-2018-129 [International journal]17) Dammann, D. O., Eicken, H., Mahoney, A. R., Meyer, F. J., Freymueller, J. T., and Kaufman, A. M.
(2019). : "Evaluating landfast sea ice stress and fracture in support of operations on sea ice using SARinterferometry",
Cold
Regions
ScienceandTechnology,
149,
51-64
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2018.02.001 [International journal]18) De-Biagi, V., Barbero, M., Barpi, M., Borri-Brunetto, M., Podolskiy, E.A. (2019). : "Failure mechanics
of snow layers through image analysis", European Journalof Mechanics / A Solids, 74, 2019, 26-33.
10.1016/j.euromechsol.2018.10.018 [International journal]19) Drinkwater, K., Mueter, F., and Saitoh, S. -I. (2018). : "Shifting boundaries of water, ice, flora, fauna,people, and institutions in the Arctic and Subarctic", ICES Journal of Marine Science, 75(7), 2293–
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91) Katlein, C., Mohrholz, V., Sheikin, I., Itkin, P., Eicken, H., et al. (2020). Platelet ice under Arctic packice in winter. Geophysical Research Letters 47(16):e2020GL088898.
92) Kettle, N.P., Abdel-Fattah, D., Mahoney, A.R., Eicken, H., Brigham, L.W., and Jones, J. (2020). Linking
Arctic system science research to decision maker needs: co-producing sea ice decision support tools in
Utqiaġvik, Alaska. Polar Geography 43(2–3):206–222.
93) Oggier, M., Eicken, H., Wilkinson, J., Petrich, C., and O’Sadnick, M. (2020). Crude oil migration in
sea-ice: laboratory studies of constraints on oil mobilization and seasonal evolution. Cold Regions
Science and Technology 174:102924.
94) Oggier, M., Eicken, H., Jin, M., and Høyland, K. (2020). Seasonal and interannual variability of seaice state variables: Observations and predictions for landfast ice in northern Alaska and Svalbard. The
Cryosphere Discussions 1–28.
95) Wassmann, P., Carmack, E.C., Bluhm, B.A., Duarte, C.M., … Eicken, H., et al. (2020). Towards aunifying pan-arctic perspective: A conceptual modelling toolkit. Progress in Oceanography 102455.
96) Bogorodskiy, P. V., Demidov, N. E., Filchuk, K. V., Marchenko, A. V., Morozov, E. G., Nikulina, A. L.,
Pnyushkov, A. V., and Ryzhov, I. V., (2020): Growth of landfast ice and its thermal interaction withbottom sediments in the Braganzavagen Gulf (West Spitsbergen). Russ. J. Earth. Sci., 20, ES6005,
doi:10.2205/2020ES000718.
97) Polyakov, I. V., Alkire, M. B., Bluhm, B. A., Brown, K. A., Carmack, E. C., Chierici, M., Pnyushkov,
A. V., Ingvaldsen, R. B., et al., (2020): Borealization of the Arctic Ocean in response to anomalous
advection from sub-Arctic seas. Front. Mar. Sci., 7, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00491.
98) Polyakov, I. V., Rippeth, T. P., Fer, I., Alkire, M. B., Baumann, T. M., Carmack, E. C., Ingvaldsen, R.,
Ivanov, V. V., Janout, M., Lind, S., Padman, L., Pnyushkov, A. V., et al. (2020): Weakening of Cold
Halocline Layer Exposes Sea Ice to Oceanic Heat in the Eastern Arctic Ocean. J. Climate, 33, 8107–
8123, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0976.1.
99) Polyakov, I. V., Rippeth, T. P., Fer, I., Baumann, T. M., Carmack, E. C., Ivanov, V. V., Pnyushkov, A.V.,
et al., (2020): Intensification of Near‐Surface Currents and Shear in the Eastern Arctic Ocean. Geophys.
Res. Let., 46, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL089469.
100)
Danielson, S. L., Hennon, T. D., Hedstrom, K. S., Pnyushkov, A. V., Polyakov, I. V., Carmack, E.,
Filchuk, K., Janout, M., Makhotin, M., Williams, W. J., and Padman, L., (2020): Oceanic routing ofwind-sourced energy along the Arctic continental shelves. Front. Mar. Sci., 7, p.509,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00509.
101)
Baumann, T. M., Polyakov, I. V., Padman, L., Pnyushkov, A. V., et al., (2020): Arctic tidal current
atlas. Sci. Data, 7, 275, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00578-z.
25
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Annex-2 : Other original paper list (peer reviewed)
1) Otsuka, N. (2016). : “Northern Sea Routes : Past, Current and Future”, Transportation & economics,
Institute of Transportation Economics, Vol.76, No.12, pp.52-59, in Japanese
2) Yamaguchi, H. and Otsuka, N. (2017). : “INTEGRATED RESEARCH TOWARD SUSTAINABLE
USE OF THE NORTHERN SEA ROUTE”, Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B3 (Ocean
Engineering), Vol.73, No.2, DOI: 10.2208/jscejoe.73.I_36, in Japanese
3) Otsuka, N., Ohnishi, F., and Izumiyama, K. (2017). : “REVIEW OF THE RECENT NORTHEN SEA
ROUTE ACTIVITIES”, Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B3 (Ocean Engineering),
Vol.73, No.2 : I_25-I_30, doi:https://doi.org/10.2208/jscejoe.73.I_25 in Japanese
4) Waga, H., Hirawake, T., Fujiwara, A., Kikuchi, T., Nishino, S., Suzuki, K., Takao, S., and Saitoh, S.-I.
(2017). : “Differences in rate and direction of shifts in phytoplankton size structure and sea surface
temperature”, Remote Sensing, 9, 222, doi:10.3390/rs9030222.
5) Isada, T., Hirawake, T., Nakada, S., Kobayashi, T., Sasaki, K., Tanaka, Y., Watanabe, S., Suzuki, K., andSaitoh, S.-I. (2017). : “Influence of hydrography on the spatiotemporal variability of phytoplankton
assemblages and primary productivity in Funka Bay and the Tsugaru Strait”, Estuarine, Coastal and
Shelf Science, Volume 188, 15 March 2017, Pages 199-211, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.02.019
6) Nihashi, S., Ohshima, K.I., and Saitoh, S.-I. (2017). : “Sea-ice production in the northern Japan Sea”,
Deep-Sea
ResearchI,
Volume127,
September
2017,
Pages
65-76,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2017.08.003
7) Yoshimori, M., Abe-Ouchi, A., Tatebe, H., Nozawa, T., and Oka, A. (2017). : “The importance of ocean
dynamical feedback for understanding the impact of mid-high latitude warming on tropical precipitation
change”, J. Climate, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0402.1. (Yoshimori, M. had been GSA member until 2018)8) Sherriff-Tadano, S., Abe-Ouchi, A., Yoshimori, M., Oka, A., and Chan, W. (2017). : “Influence of glacial
ice sheets on the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation through surface wind change under glacial
climate”, Clim. Dyn., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3780-0. (Yoshimori, M. had been GSA
member until 2018)9) Kanna, N., Sugiyama, S., Ohashi, Y., Sakakibara, D., Fukamachi, Y., and Nomura, D. (2018). :“Upwelling of Macronutrients and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon by a Subglacial Freshwater Driven
Plume in Bowdoin Fjord, Northwestern Greenland”, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 123, Issue
5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JG004248
10) Yamamoto, M. (2018). : ”Paleoceanographic study of the Arctic Ocean : its state and issues”, The
Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, Volume 124, Issue 1, pp.3-16,
https://doi.org/10.5575/geosoc.2017.0075, in Japanese11) Otsuka, N. (2017). : “Perspectives on the Northern Sea Route by Japanese Maritime Parties”. Young,O.R., Kim,J.D. and Kim, Y.H. eds. The Arctic in World Affairs: A North Pacific dialogue on the Arctic
in the wider world, North Pacific Arctic Conference Proceedings, Korea Maritime Institute and EastWest Center: pp.261-268
12) Kumagai, N. H., García Molinos, J., Yamano, H., Takao, S., Fujii, M., and Yamanaka, Y. (2018). “Ocean
currents and herbivory drive macroalgae-to-coral community shift under climate warming”,
26
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A

,

A

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, PNAS September
4, 2018 115 (36) 8990-8995, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1716826115
13) Furuichi, M., and Otsuka, N. (2018). : “Examining quick delivery at an affordable cost by the
NSR/SCR-combined shipping in the age of Mega-ships”, Maritime Policy & Management, 1-21,
https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2018.1473656
14) Otsuka, N., Li, X., and Izumiyama, K. (2018). : “. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEA ICECONDITION AND NAVIGABLE SPEED ALONG THE NORTHERN SEA ROUTE”, Journal ofJapan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B3 (Ocean Engineering) ， Vol.74, No, 2, p. I_25-I_30,
https://doi.org/10.2208/jscejoe.74.I_25 in Japanese15) Otsuka, N. (2018). : “Arctic LNG development and logistics, Japan’s perspective?”, Young, O.R., Kim,
J.D. and Kim, Y.H. eds. The Arctic in World Affairs, Arctic 2030 and Beyond – Pathways to the Future,
Korea Maritime Institute and East-West Center16) Saunavaara, J. (2018). : “Arctic Subsea Communications Cables and the Regional Development ofNorthern Peripheries”, Arctic and North 2018 (32). (Russian edition: Арктические подводные
коммуникационные кабели и региональное развитие северных территорий) DOI:
10.17238/issn2221-2698.2018.32.63
17) Yoshimori, M., and Suzuki, M. (2019). : “The relevance of mid-Holocene Arctic warming to the future”.
Climate of the Past, 15, 1375–1394, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1375-2019, (Yoshimori, M. had been
GSA member until 2018)18) Kawaguchi, Y., Itoh, M., Fukamachi, Y., Moriya, E., Onodera, J., Kikuchi, T., and Harada, N. (2019). :“Year-round observations of sea-ice drift and near-inertial internal waves in the Northwind Abyssal
Plain, Arctic Ocean”, Polar Science, Vol.21, pp.212-223, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2019.01.004
19) Kataoka, T., Ooki, A., and Nomura, D. (2019). : “Production of dibromomethane and changes in thebacterial community in bromoform-enriched seawater”, Microbes and Environments,
https://doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.ME18027
20) Ooki, A., Shida, R., Otsu, M., Onishi, H., Kobayashi, N., Iida, T., Nomura, D., Suzuki, K., Yamaoka,
Y., and Takatsu, T. (2019). : “Isoprene production in seawater of Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan”. Journalof Oceanography, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-019-00517-6
21) Kameyama, S., Ooki, A., and Nomura, D. (2019). : “ Biogeochemistry of bromine and organic sulfur
compounds in the Arctic region”, Chikyukagaku Vol.53, Issue 4, pp.159-171,
https://doi.org/10.14934/chikyukagaku.53.159, in Japanese22) Nomura, D., Kanna, N., and Ooki, A. (2019). : “Effects of glacier and sea ice melting on thebiogeochemical cycles of the surface water in the Arctic Ocean”, Chikyukagaku, Vol.53, Issue 4,
pp.149-159, https://doi.org/10.14934/chikyukagaku.53.149, in Japanese
23) Kashiwase, H., Ohshima, K. I., Fukamachi, Y., Nihashi, S., and Tamura, T. (2019). : “Evaluation of
AMSR-E Thin Ice Thickness Algorithm from a Mooring-Based Observation: How Can the Satellite
Observe a Sea Ice Field with Nonuniform Thickness Distribution?”, Journal of Atmospheric andOceanic Technology, 36, 1623-1641. DOI: 10.1175/JTECH-D-18-0218.1
24) Tei, S., Nagai, S., and Sugimoto, A. (2019). : “Effects of climate dataset type on tree-ring analysis: A
27
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case study for Siberian forests”. Polar Science 21, 136-145. DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2018.10.008
25) Fujiyoshi, L., Sugimoto, A., Yamashita, Y., and Li, X. (2019). : “Influence of soil N availability on the
difference between tree foliage and soil delta N-15 from comparison of Mongolia and northern Japan”,
Ecological Indicators 101, 1086-1093. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.09.055
26) Shingubara, R., Morozumi, T., and Sugimoto, A. (2019). : “Carbon cycle and methane dynamics ofterrestrial
ecosystems
intheArctic”,
CHikyukagaku,
Vol.53,
pp.183-197.
doi.org/10.14934/chikyukagaku.53.183 in Japanese27) Abe, M., and Otsuka, N. (2019). : “Northern Sea Route (NSR) as a Major Transport Route:
Opportunities and Challenges” Asian Transport Studies. Volume 5, Issue 4, pp.617-634. DOI
https://doi.org/10.11175/eastsats.5.617 (Abe, M. had been GSA member until 2018)28) Takahashi, M., Kawana, S., Saitou, K., Koizumi, Y., Hateruma, S., and Shimizu, A. (2019). :“Autonomy and military bases: USAF Thule base in Greenland as the study case”, Arctic Yearbook
2019: Redefining Arctic Security, available from https://arcticyearbook.com/.
29) Tabata, S. (2019). : "Flow of Financial Resources between the Federal Budget and the Arctic Regionsin Russia," Region: Economics & Sociology, No. 3 (103), pp. 3-25, [DOI: 10.15372/REG20190301] inRussian.
30) Ito, M., Fukamachi, Y., Ohshima, K. I., and Shirasawa, K. (2020). : “Observational evidence ofsupercooling and frazil ice formation throughout the water column in a coastal polynya in the Sea of
Okhotsk”, Continental Shelf Research, Vol.196, 15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2020.104072
31) Takahashi, M. (2020). : “The Contours of the Development of Non-Living Resources in Greenland”,
Polar Record Special Issue: International Law for Sustainability in Arctic Resource Development, pp.110, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247419000676
32) Otsuka, N. (2020). : "Japan's Arctic Policy and Observer Status in the Arctic Council". Corell, R.J., Kim,
J.D. Kim, Y.H., Moe, A., Morrison, C.E., Vander Zwang, D.L. and Young, O.R Edited. "The Arctic in
World Affairs, The North Pacific Conference Proceedings". pp.358-368. Published by Korea Maritime
Institute(Republic of Korea) and East West Center(U.S.A)
33) Alabia, I., García Molinos, J., Saitoh, S.-I., Hirata, T., and Hirawake, T. (2020). “A paper on marine
diversity in the Pacific Arctic under future climate has been published in Elsevier's "Science of The
Total Environment. https://www.sciencedirect.com/.../pii/S0048969720344429
34) García Molinos, J. (2020). Global marine warming in a new dimension. Nature ecology & evolution.
2020 Jan;4(1):16-7.
35) Podolskiy, E.A., and Sugiyama, S. (2020). Soundscape of a narwhal summering ground in a glacierfjord (Inglefield Bredning, Greenland). Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 2020
May;125(5):e2020JC016116.
36) Kanna, N., Sugiyama, S., Fukamachi, Y., Nomura, D., and Nishioka, J. (2020). Iron Supply by
Subglacial Discharge Into a Fjord Near the Front of a Marine‐Terminating Glacier in Northwestern
Greenland. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 2020 Oct;34(10):e2020GB006567.
37) Murakami, K., Nomura, D., Hashida, G., Nakaoka, S.I., Kitade, Y., Hirano, D., Hirawake, T., andOhshima, KI. (2020). Strong biological carbon uptake and carbonate chemistry associated with dense
28
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shelf water outflows in the Cape Darnley polynya, East Antarctica. Marine Chemistry. 2020 Sep
10;225:103842.
38) Sugiyama, S., Kanna, N., Sakakibara, D., Ando, T., Asaji, I., Kondo, K., Wang, Y., Fujishi, Y., Fukumoto,S., Podolskiy, E.A., and Fukamachi, Y. (2020). Rapidly changing glaciers, ocean and coastal
environments, and their impact on human society in the Qaanaaq region, northwestern Greenland. Polar
Science. 2020 Dec 28:100632.
39) Tabata,S., Otsuka, N., Goto, M., and Takahashi, M. (2020). "Economy, Society and Governance in the
Arctic: Overview of ArCS research project in the field of humanities and social sciences (2015-2020)".
Polar Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2020.100600
40) Takahashi, M. (2020). "Rethinking the politics surrounding the US military base in Greenland with afocus on non-material factors." Exploring Base Politics: How Host Countries Shape the Network of US
Overseas Bases (2020): 21.
41) Saunavaara, J. (2020). Connecting the Arctic While Installing Submarine Data Cables Between East
Asia, North America and Europe. In Digitalisation and Human Security 2020 (pp. 205-227). Palgrave
Macmillan, Cham.
42) Saunavaara, J., and Ohnishi, F. (2020). Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II: Japan's new Arctic
Flagship Project. Current Developments in Arctic Law. Vol. 8. 2020.
43) Tei, S., and Sugimoto, A. (2020). Excessive positive response of model‐simulated land net primary
production to climate changes over circumboreal forests. Plant‐Environment Interactions. 2020
Sep;1(2):102-21.

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Annex-3 : Published Books
1) Saunavaara, J. (2017). :“The Role of the Frontier: the GHQ/SCAP Economic Policies and Hokkaido”.
in Thomas French ed., The Economic and Business History of Occupied Japan: New Perspectives,
pp.53-72. Routledge
2) Saunavaara, J. (2017). : "Commercial utilization of the Northern Sea, Route and regional development
policy - Hokkaido as a case study” in: Kari Alenius & Matti Enbuske (eds.), The Barents and the Baltic
Sea Region. Contacts, Influences and Social Change. Studia Historica Septentrionalia 77. PohjoisSuomen Historiallinen Yhdistys, Rovaniemi, ISBN-10: 9529888600
3) Otsuka, N., Tamura, T., and Furuichi, M. (2018). : “Northern Sea Route(NSR) shipping, current status
and feasibility”, Veli-Pekka Tynkkynen, Tabata, S., Daria Gritsenko and Masanori Goto edited. Russia's
Far North: The Contested Energy Frontier, Part1 Sec 3. Routledge, ISBN 1351349015, 9781351349017
4) Tabata, S., Otsuka, N., and Takahashi, M. (2019). : "глава 12, Арктика и Азия". Hiroki Takakura edited.
“Вечная мерзлота и культура, —Глобальное потепление и Республика Саха (Якутия), Российская
Федерация—, (Учебное пособие для экологического образования) (Teaching Materials forEnvironmental Education: (Permafrost and Culture: Global Warming and Sakha Republic (Yakutia),
Russian Federation))”, Center for Northeast Asian Studies, Tohoku University, pp.60-63 in Russian5) Takahashi, M. (2019). : “The Influence of Sub-state Actors on National Security: Using Military Bases
to Forge Autonomy”, Springer Polar Sciences, Berlin/Heidelberg/Dordrecht/New York: Springer, ISBN
978-3-030-01677-7 (20190125)
6) Lehto, M., Hummelholm, A., Iida, K., Jakstas, T., Martti, J. Kari., Minami, H., Ohnishi, F., andSaunavaara, J. (2019). : “Arctic Connect Project and cyber security control, ARCY”, Jyväskylä
University, ISBN 978-951-39-7721-4 (verkkoj.) (20190331)
7) Sugimoto, A. (2019). : “Stable isotopes of water in permafrost ecosystem”, and Tei, S., and Sugimoto,
A. : “Water-carbon cycle in dendrochrolonogy”, In Water-Carbon Dynamics in Eastern Siberia edited
by Ohta, T., Hiyama, T., Iijima, Y., Kotani, A. and Maximov, T., pp.153-174 and pp.175-206, Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6317-7_6, (20190702)
8) Ohnishi, F. (2017). : “Facing Problem of the Arctic Collaborative Framework” in “150 Opinions toward
Coexistence of Human and Ocean”、Ocean Policy Research Institute大西富士夫 : “北極協調体制が直面する問題” ,人と海洋の共生をめざして 150 人のオピニオ
ンⅧ, OPRI 海洋政策研究所(20171101) in Japanese
9) Takahashi, M. (2018). : “Chap.26 Whaling ~ Utilization and Conservation” in “Context of Japan’s
Diplomacy”
高橋美野梨 : “日本外交の論点(第 26 章 捕鯨 水産資源の利用と保護)”, 佐藤史郎・川名晋史・
上野友也・齊藤孝祐編, 法律文化社 ISBN978-4-589-03903-3 (20180427) in Japanese10) Otsuka, N. (2018). : “Ice-Silkroad and New Logistic Infrastructure for Energy” in “Analysis of Present
State and Strategic Perspective of One Belt One Road Initiative”, CRSC(China Research and Sakura
Science Center)
大塚夏彦 : 一帯一路の現況分析と戦略展望（第 11 章 氷上シルクロードと新物流交通エネル
30
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.

・

a

ギーインフラの構築. 国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構, 中国総合研究・さくらサイエン
スセンター(CRSC)編. pp.125-132. ISBN: 978-4-88890-640-1 in Japanese11) Otsuka, N. (2018). : “Developing of Ice-Silkroad” in “From the Belt & Road to the New Millenniumof Eurasia”, Shindo, E. and Zhou, W. edited. Belt and Road Initiative Japan Research Center (BRIJC)
ed.
大塚夏彦 : ”12 章氷上シルクロードの展開", 進藤榮一・周瑋生・一帯一路日本研究センター
編, “Belt & Road 一帯一路からユーラシア新世紀の道”, pp.90-97, 株式会社日本評論社,
ISBN978-4-535-55933-2 in Japanese
12) Fudeyasu, H., Yamazaki, T., Hotta, D., Kamae, Y., Ohhashi, Y., Nakamura, T., Yoshida, R., Shimose,K., and Yasunari, T. (2019). : “Key Word Dictionary for Understanding Weather Forecast”
筆保弘徳, 山崎哲, 堀田大介, 釜江陽一, 大橋唯太, 中村哲, 吉田龍二, 下瀬健一, 安成哲平 :“ ニュース・天気予報がよくわかる気象キーワード事典 ( ベレ出版の気象シリーズ)”,
ISBN:978-486064-591-5 in Japanese
13) Takahashi, M. (2019). : “The Arctic in Japan and Hokkaido in the Arctic” in “Japanesia”, Nagashima,
S. edited,
長嶋俊介編著 : 日本ネシア論（別冊『環』25） ,(担当:分担執筆, 範囲:日本のなかの北極、北極のなかの北海道、pp.434-436). 藤原書店. ISBN 9784865782233, (20190525) in Japanese
14) Saunavaara, J. (2019). : ”Pohjoista kehittämässä – Suomi ja Oulun seutu aluekehityspolitiikan mallina
Hokkaidolle”, in Saunavaara, J. ja Laura Ipatti (eds.), Suomi ja Japani: Kaukaiset mutta läheiset, Edita
15) Saunavaara, J. (2019). : ” Finland and Oulu as an example for Hokkaido’s regional development
model”. In Saunavaara, J. and Suzuki Ōjirō (eds.), From the first meeting to 100 years of relation
between Japan and Finland, 日本とフィンランドの出会いと繋がり―100 年にわたる関係史. 大学教育出版 in Japanese16) Otsuka, N., and Tabata, S. (2020). : “Northern Sea Route and Natural Resource Development” in“Arctic Challenge for Sustainability Project Report 2015-2020”, pp.120-125, NIPR & JAMSTEC &Hokkaido University
大塚夏彦・田畑伸一郎 : “北極域研究推進プロジェクト ArCS 2015-2020 研究成果報告書（4.8.2
北極海航路の利用と資源開発）”, 国立極地研究所, 国立研究開発法人 海洋研究開発機構, 北海道大学. pp.120-125. ISBN 978-4-906651-07-8 in Japanese17) Ohnishi, F. (2020). : “Arctic” in “Contemporary Geopolitics Dictionary”
大西富士夫 : “現代地政学辞典, 分担執筆（北極）”, 丸善出版 ISBN 978-4-621-30463-1, (Jan.
2020) in Japanese18) Otsuka, N., Ohnishi, F., Takahashi, M. (2020). : “Chp.1; Northern Sea Route(Otsuka),Chap.7;
International Relation(Ohnishi), Chap.10 Indigenous People and Development(Takahashi)” in “Humanand Society in the Arctic ”, Shi-Ichiro Tabata and Masanori Goto Ed.
大塚夏彦, 大西富士夫、高橋美野梨 : .”北極の人間と社会－持続的発展の可能性, 第 1 章 北極海航路(大塚), 第 7 章 国際関係（大西）、第 10 章 開発と先住民族（高橋）”, 田畑伸一郎・
後藤正憲編著, スラブ・ユーラシア叢書, 北海道大学出版会, pp.17-44. ISBN978-4-8329-68561 in Japanese
31
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19) Saunavaara, J. (2020). “Connecting the Arctic while installing submarine data cables between East Asia,
North America and Europe”, In M. Salminen, G. Zojer & K. Hossain (eds.), Digitalisation and Human
Security – A Multi-Disciplinary Approach to Cybersecurity in the European high North, Palgrave
Macmillan, (Sep. 2020)20) Kawana, S., Takahashi, M., eds., (2020). “Exploring Base Politics: How Host Countries Shape the
Network of U.S. Overseas Bases”, Routledge Advances in International Relations and Global Politics,
ISBN: 9780367404758, (Nov. 2020).
21) Kirchner, S., Saunavaara, J., Tanaka, M., Otsuka, N., Koivurova, T., and Kleemola-Juntunen, P., (2021).
“Port State Responses to COVID-19 on Cruise Ship between Human rights and the Law of the Sea.
Governing the Crisis: Law, Human Rights and COVID-19, LIT Verlag, ISBN: 978-3-643-91351-7,(Mar. 2021).

32
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Annex-4 : Invited lecture/presentation (International)
20161) Otsuka, N. : “Plenary Session ; Arctic Economic Council – The Way Forward”, Reykjavik, Iceland,
Arctic Circle 2016, (20161009) [Keynote]
2) Tabata, S. : “Economic Development of the Arctic Regions of Russia”, St. Petersburg State University,
Russia, UArctic Congress 2016, (20160914) [Keynote]
20173) Yasunari, T. : JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2017, Makuhari, Japan, (20170520-25), [Chair]
4) Yasunari, T. : The Third Workshop on Atmospheric Composition and the Asian Monsoon (ACAM),
Guangzhou, China, (20170605-09), [Speech/Presentation]5) Saitoh, S.-I. : ESSAS Open Science Meeting in JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2017, Norway, (2017061115) [Chair]
6) Tabata, S. : “Second World Congress of Comparative Economics” St. Petersburg, Russia, (2017061517), [Speech/Presentation]7) Podolskiy, E.A. : Joint Workshop on Slow Earthquakes, Matsuyama, Japan, (20170919-21),[Speech/Presentation]8) Tabata, S. : 49th Annual Convention of Association for Slavic, East European and Eurasian Studies(ASEEES), Chicago, U.S.A., (20171109-12) [Speech/Presentation]9) Yasunari, T. : AGU Fall Meeting 2017, Guangzhou, China, (20171211-15), [Chair]10) Otsuka, N. : “How sea ice science can progress safe navigation along the NSR”, Bexco (Busan, South
Korea), Arctic Partnership Week 2017 ~ New Challenges and Opportunities for Arctic Cooperation,(20171213) [Speech/Presentation]
201811) Tabata, S. : Fifth International Symposium on Arctic Research (ISAR-5), Tokyo, Japan, (20180117),[Speech/Presentation]12) Otsuka, N. : “Potential of Arctic Business and Resource Development”, Sasakawa Peace Foundation(Tokyo, Japan), Workshop on Arctic Governance in Tokyo 2018, (20180208-20180209) [Chair]13) Yasunari, T. : Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) US Alumni 2018 Seminar on "Growing
Atmospheric Pollution and Its Impact on Climate", Orange, U.S.A. (2018.02.16), [Speech/Presentation]14) Saitoh, S.-I. : The 2nd RACArctic (Resilience and adaptive capacity of arctic marine systems under achanging climate) International Workshop, Fairbanks, U.S.A., (2018.03.06-08) [Chair]
15) Saitoh, S.-I. : The 27th PICES WG-39 Workshop, Sapporo, Japan, (2018.03.22-23), [Chair]16) Saitoh, S.-I. : Co-Chair of the "Third Meeting of the ICES/PICES/PAME Working Group on Integrated
Ecosystem Assessment for the Central Arctic Ocean (WGICA), St. John’s, Canada, (20180424-26),[Chair]17) Saitoh, S.-I. : “Novel applications of remote sensing in Subarctic and Arctic marine ecosystems”,
Fairbanks, Alaska, ESSAS Annual Science Meeting (20180601) [Speech/Presentation]18) Otsuka, N. : “Investigation of Liner Shipping Operations via the NSR”, Bexco (Busan, South Korea),
KoARC7 2018 Meeting, (20180915) [Speech/Presentation]
33
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19) Saitoh, S.-I. : “PICES Contribution to Central Artic Ocean (CAO) Ecosystem Assessment”,
Yokohama(Japan), PICES(the North Pacific Marine Science Organization)-2018, (20181026) [Chair]20) Saitoh, S.-I. : “Application of Remote Sensing and GIS to Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture”,
Yokohama(Japan), PICES(the North Pacific Marine Science Organization)-2018, (20181101)[Speech/Presentation]21) Otsuka, N. : “Challenge to the Arctic container shipping, scenario of vessel operation”, Bexco(Busan,
South Korea), The 7th International Arctic Shipping Seminar 2018, (20181213) [Speech/Presentation]22) García Molinos, J. : “Research on aquatic and climate change ecology at the ARC-HU 2”, Bexco (Busan,
South Korea), KOPRI-HU ARC Joint Meeting, Arctic Partnership Week 2018, (201812)[Speech/Presentation]23) Takahashi, M. : “How to Best Enjoy the Wealth Created by Mineral Resource Development”, Kobe
University (Kobe, Japan), The Politics of Sustainability in Greenland,4th Kobe PCRC Symposium,
International Law for Sustainability in Arctic Resource Development, Integration of economic, social,environmental and scientific dimensions, (20181218) [Speech/Presentation]
201924) Ohnishi, F. : “International relations in the Arctic International order at regional-level”, ResearchCouncil of Norway (RCN), Oslo, Norway, The 3rd Norway- Japan Academic Network Seminar ,(20190206) “The Politics of Sustainability in Greenland”, [Keynote]25) Ohnishi, F. : “Arctic Dragon: Three world views”, Kirkenes, Norway, Border Seminar 2019, Arctic in
Asia, Asia in the Arctic, (20190213) [Speech/Presentation]26) García Molinos, J. : “Reorganization of marine biodiversity under climate change: new challenges andopportunities”, University of Vigo, Spain Seminar series Campus do Mar, (20190226)[Speech/Presentation ]27) Ohnishi, F. : “International relations in the Arctic International order at regional-level”, Oslo, Norway,
JSPS Norway- Japan Academic Network Seminar, (20190226) [Speech/Presentation ]28) Fukamachi, Y. : “Mooring measurement of sea ice and ocean in the northeastern coastal Chukchi Sea
from 2009”, Fairbanks, USA, Japan-U.S. Arctic Science Collaboration “Reflections on the Past Two
Decades and Future Opportunities”, (20190305) [Keynote]
29) Takahashi, M. : “Considering International Relations in the Arctic from the Perspective of a Triadic
Political Relationship”, The Residence of the Ambassador of Japan (Oslo, Norway), Internationalseminar, Envisioning linkages between global competition and international politics in the Arctic,(Discussant) , (20190322) [Speech/Presentation]30) Podolskiy, E.A. : “Thermal fracturing on a Himalayan debris-covered glacier”, Vienna, Austria, EGU
General Assembly 2019, (20190408) [Speech/Presentation]31) Saunavaara, J. : “Japan’s Arctic policy”, Japan and Finland in the Changing World, Turku, Finland,(20190827) [Speech/Presentation]32) Takahashi, M. : “An International Perspective on “The Future of Greenland: Political and Economic
Implications for the Arctic””, 2019 North Pacific Arctic Conference Global-Arctic Interactions: The
Arctic Moves from Periphery to Center, Honolulu, U.S.A., (20190815) [Speech/Presentation]
34
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,33) Otsuka, N. : “Japan’s Arctic Policy and observer status of the Arctic Council”, 2019 North Pacific Arctic
Conference Global-Arctic Interactions: The Arctic Moves from Periphery to Center, Honolulu, U.S.A.,(20190816) [Speech/Presentation]34) Podolskiy, E.A. : “Continuous and discrete ice-quakes due to fracture, slow slip and fluids”, Izu, Japan,
The International Statistical Seismology (StatSei) workshop, (20190821) [Speech/Presentation]35) Saunavaara, J. : “Needs and problems of transport and communication infrastructure of the regions of
the North”, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia, Northern Sustainable Development Forum(Cold Lands
seminar), (2019/9/23) [Speech/Presentation]36) Tabata, S. : ”People and community in the Arctic: possibility of sustainable development”, Northern
Sustainable Development Forum, Yakutsk, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia. (2019/0925)[Speech/Presentation]37) Sugimoto, A. : International symposium committee, The Xth International Symposium on"C/H2O/Energy balance and climate over the boreal and Arctic regions with special emphasis on
Eastern Eurasia", and 1st Japan-Russia Joint Research Laboratory meeting on Sustainable Developmentof the North, Sapporo, Japan. (20191004-07)[Chair]38) Otsuka, N. : “Northern Sea Route: Current Status and Future”, Dalhousie University(Halifax, Canada),
CANADIAN-JAPANESE EXCHANGE ON THE LAW OF THE SEA, (20191206-20191207)[Speech/Presentation]39) Fukamachi, Y. : “Mooring measurement of sea ice and ocean in the northeastern coastal Chukchi
Sea” ,Chozen International Symposium on Transboundary Pollution at North-South Transect at
Marginal Sea in western Pacific Ocean, Kanazawa, Japan, (2019/12/19) [Speech/Presentation]40) Yasunari, T. : “Wildfire smoke transport to Hokkaido, and our portable PM2.5 sensor system for cold
regions”, Kanazawa, Japan, Chozen International Symposium on Transboundary Pollution at NorthSouth Transect at Marginal Sea in western Pacific Ocean, (2019/12/18) [Speech/Presentation]41) García Molinos, J. :Convener, AGU fall meeting, San Francisco, USA.(20191211) [Chair]
202042) Otsuka, N. : “Different aspects of Arctic shipping, feasibility studies concerning the NSR, port
development”, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland, Finnish-Japanese Arctic Studies Seminar
2020, Infrastructure Development and Sustainable Use of the Arctic Ocean, (20200210)[Speech/Presentation]43) Saunavaara, J. : “Infrastructure Development and sustainable Use of the Arctic Ocean”, University of
Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland, Finnish-Japanese Arctic Studies Seminar 2020, Finnish-Japanese Arctic
Studies Seminar 2020, Infrastructure Development and Sustainable Use of the Arctic Ocean,(20200210) [Speech/Presentation]44) Otsuka, N. : “Does the Northern Sea Route fit into East and West commercial shipping? A Japaneseperspective”, 2020 North Pacific Arctic Conference, the East-West Center and the Korea Maritime
Institute Honolulu, Hawaii (20201022) [Speech/Presentation]45) Otsuka, N. : “Possibility and determinants of container shipping of the NSR”, the 9th International
Arctic Shipping Seminar in Busan, (20201210) [Speech/Presentation ]35
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46) Otsuka, N. : “Possibility and determinants of NSR commercial shipping”, the United States Coast Guard
Academy, (20210226) [Speech/Presentation]47) Otsuka, N. “Northern Sea Route and environmental risk in the Japan-Russia bordering waters”, 6thround of Russian-Japanese consultations in the field of ecosystem conservation in adjacent areas,
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation and Ministry of Foreign
Affairs Japan (20201215) [Speech/Presentation]48) Otsuka, N. : “Northern Sea Route ~overarching the Arctic Ocean”, China-Japan-ROK Cooperation on
Polar Regions Workshop & Think Tank Union of the Yellow and East China Sea Academic Conference.
(20210203) [Speech/Presentation]49) Otsuka, N. : “Infrastructure in the Arctic. Asian Interests and the Path Forward in the New Arctic”,
Asian Interests and the Path Forward in the New Arctic, Wilson Center, (20210209)[Speech/Presentation]

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Annex-5 : Co-working with stakeholders
Activity
Stakeholder meetings (Resilience andadaptive capacity of arctic marine systems
under a changing climate, Belmont Forum)
Stakeholder meetings (C budget of
ecosystems and cities and villages on
permafrost in eastern Russian Arctic,
Belmont Forum)
Recommendation for policy makers on theutilization of Northern Sea RouteNorthern Sea Route Study Working Group
Northern Sea Route Study Liaison Council
Arctic Council’s PAME and SDWG
working group
Arctic Economic Council, Top of the World
Broadband Summit in Sapporo
International Conference on Arctic
Tourism, “Sustainability is Cool in Arctic
Tourism”
Northern Sea Route container shipping
project
The Experience - Exchange Workshop on“UArctic
Thematic
NetworkonCollaborative Resource Management”
Working Meeting program on“North forwork and life”, World Winter Cities
Association for Mayors
Hokkaido Nutopia Data Center StudyGroup

Stakeholders
Fishermen’s association, fishing companies, fish processing
companies, shipping companies

year
20162018

Cities and villages on permafrost in the Republic of Sakha

20162018

Hokkaido Committee for Economic Development

2016

Hokkaido Government, Port authority in Hokkaido
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism,
Japan
Arctic Council, Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs

2016~
2016~
2017~

Arctic Economic Council, Hokkaido Committee for
Economic Development, telecom companies, data center
providers, Hokkaido Government, Ishikari-Bay New Port
Authority
Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment of Finland,
Hokkaido Government, Hokkaido Committee for Economic
Development, Team Finland, Business Finland, Visit Finlandand Embassy of Finland in Tokyo
Tomakomai Futo Co. Ltd., Tomakomai Port Authority,
Hokkaido Committee for Economic Development
Mombetsu City

2018

Sapporo City

2019

Telecom companies, data center providers, Hokkaido
Government

2020~

2018

2019
2019

37
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84

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References85

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86

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Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI‐CoRE)
Final Evaluation for the Global Station for Arctic Research projects
1. Aims
The Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE) shall implement an
external evaluation of the research, education and organizational framework of the Global Station for
Arctic Research projects which started on April 1, 2016. As the projects have welcomed the final (fifth)
year of the implementation period upon the Fiscal Year 2020, the feedback of this evaluation shall be
used to improve the future project.
2. Evaluation Structure
A "Hokkaido University Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education External
Evaluation Committee" shall be established in Arctic Research Global Station in accordance with theExternal Evaluation Implementation Guidelines for the Hokkaido University Global Institution for
Collaborative Research and Education Global Station (Document 2). All evaluations and reports shallbe undertaken in English.
□ Global Station for Arctic Research External Evaluation Committee
Candidates from Arctic Research GS: 2 Japanese members, 1 foreign member*When the evaluation is completed, the GI-CoRE Steering Committee shall receive a report fromthe Committee chair.
3. Evaluation Method□The External Evaluation Committee shall check the contents of the Research Progress Report(Document 3) sent in advance from HU before implementing the investigation, and shall evaluate
the evaluation items prescribed in Document 4.
□A 5-level evaluation ratings (S to D) and comments shall be obtained for each "Evaluation Item".
Evaluation
Evaluation Explanation
Ratings
S
Achieved outcomes surpassed the original plan (Outstanding)A
B
C
D

Good progress has been maintained and expected outcomes havebeen achieved (Excellent)
Most expected outcomes have been achieved with some slight delays(Good)
Although certain outcomes were achieved, overall results wereinsufficient (Satisfactory)
No expected outcomes were achieved (Unsatisfactory)

4. Required Expenses
Travel expenses (only when applicable) and honoraria shall be provided to the Committee Members inaccordance with HU regulations. It will be arranged and covered by Global Station for Arctic Research,
Hokkaido University depending on the situation of COVID-19.

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5. Publishing of Evaluation Results
Evaluation of this project shall be broadly announced, with the results both published on the relevant
HU websites and published as booklets which are sent to external organizations such as the Japanese
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.

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GI‐CoRE Global Station External Evaluation ScheduleYear andAgendaMonth
Fiscal Year 2019 (2019‐2020)
June to Proposal of Evaluation Items and Evaluation Structure (Draft Fixed)
NovemberNovember Selection/Arrangement of the Evaluation Committee Members*Criteria: 2 foreign and 1 Japanese members(candidates who can conduct evaluation in English)*Confirmation of affiliation, main achievements, contact details, etc.
December GI‐CoRE Steering Committee #23*Fixing overviews of evaluation items, evaluation structure, schedule, etc.
*Fixing the Evaluation Committee Members
January to *Starting to create the 2020 Research Progress Report (in English)
March *Official appointment request (letters from the GI‐CoRE Director)*Fixing evaluation forms
Fiscal Year 2020 (2020‐2021)
April Commission of Evaluation Committee Members
June to July Completion of the Research Progress ReportAugust to Distribution of Research Progress Report to Committee Members
September Document screening by Committee Members
Preparation of On‐line Investigation
October Online investigation via Zoom October 20th and 21st
Online on‐site investigation based on the document screening
November Submission of Summary Report and Results of the Evaluation Committee
Each Committee Member shall forward their evaluation results, based on
the document screening and on‐line meeting.
The Chair shall summarize the Evaluation from each Committee and makea report.
December GI‐CoRE Steering Committee #27*Report of the results of the Evaluation from the External Evaluation
Committee Members
March Expiration of the GSA project under the GI‐CoRE System
Fiscal Year 2021 (2021‐2022)
April Internalization of the GSA project into the affiliated faculty
July

Publication of the Final Evaluation Report89

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90

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Hokkaido University
Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI‐CoRE)
External Evaluation Implementation Guidelines for the Global Stations
December 15, 2015
Establishment of the Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education Steering Committee
1. Purpose
These implementation guidelines shall provide the necessary matters for the
implementation of evaluation of the Global Station by non-University affiliated persons(hereinafter the “GS External Evaluation”) of the Hokkaido University Global Institution for
Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE).
2. Committee(1) The "Hokkaido University Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education
External Evaluation Committee (hereinafter the "Committee")" shall be established by GICoRE in order to perform the matters prescribed in each of the following items.
(i) Implementation of GS External Evaluation(ii) Matters related to the creation and publishing of the report pertaining to the GS
External Evaluation(2) A Committee shall be established for each Global Station that is target for external
evaluation.
3. Composition(1) The Committee shall be composed of third parties other than constituent members of
Hokkaido University, and designated by the Director of GI-CoRE from persons prescribedin each of the following items.
(i) Person designated by the Director of GI-CoRE who is an expert both within and outside
Japan in the research field of the Global Station to be externally evaluated(ii) Persons whom the Director of GI-CoRE deems necessary(2) The Committee members prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be commissionedby the Director of GI-CoRE after approval by the GI-CoRE Steering Committee.
4. Term of Office(1) The term of office for Committee Members shall be 1 year. However, if a Committee
Member vacancy occurs, the term of office of the successor shall be the remaining term of
the predecessor.
(2) Committee Members may be reappointed.
5. Committee Chair(1) A Committee Chair shall be appointed and selected through mutual election by theCommittee members.
(2) The Committee Chair shall call a Committee meeting as required, and shall chair the said
meeting.

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6. Proceedings(1) A Committee meeting may not be held unless a majority of the members are present.
(2) Committee meeting proceedings shall be decided by a majority of the attending members.
In case of a tie, the Committee Chair shall decide the issue.
7. Implementation of GS External Evaluation(1) The Committee shall implement the GS External Evaluation as prescribed in thefollowing Article.
(2) The Committee may hear the opinions of persons concerned and implement firsthandinvestigations related to the implementation of the GS External Evaluation.
8. Evaluation Items
The Committee shall evaluate the items prescribed by GI-CoRE in each of the following
items.
(1) Items related to research(2) Items related to education(3) Items related to the structure of the research and education center(4) Other items deemed necessary by the Committee
9. Creation and Publishing of the Report
The Committee shall collate the evaluation results prescribed in the preceding paragraphand publish the results in a report.
10. Response to Evaluation Results
The Director of GI-CoRE shall promptly work to implement improvements in view of thereport prescribed in the previous paragraph for items in which improvements are deemednecessary.
11. General Affairs
General affairs for the Committee shall be processed by the Division of International
Planning, International Affairs Department.
12. Miscellaneous Provisions
Necessary matters concerning GS External Evaluation other than those prescribed withinthese implementation guidelines shall be prescribed separately by the GI-CoRE Steering
Committee.
Supplementary Provisions
These guidelines shall come in force on 12 December 2017.
Supplementary Provisions
These guidelines shall come into force on March 7, 2019 and shall be applied from July 1, 2018.

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REGULATIONS FOR THE HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITYGLOBAL INSTITUTION FOR COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AND EDUCATIONHU Doc. No.151
April 1, 2014
(Purpose)
Article 1 These Regulations shall prescribe the organization and administration of the
Hokkaido University Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education(hereinafter referred to as "the Institution for Research and Education"), based upon theRules Concerning the Organization of Hokkaido University (HU Doc. No. 31 of 2004),
Article 37(4).
(Objectives)
Article 2 The objectives of the Institution for Research and Education shall be to invite
teaching staff from Japan and overseas with world-class education and research results, topromote international collaborative research and international collaborative education(hereinafter referred to as "international collaborative research and education") that
capitalizes upon the distinctive characteristics of Hokkaido University (hereinafter referred
to as the "University"), and to provide support for international collaborative research being
furthered independently by faculties or schools.
(Employees)
Article 3 A Director and other necessary teaching staff shall be placed in the Institution for
Research and Education.
(The Director)
Article 4 The President shall be appointed as the Director of the Institution for Researchand Education.
2. The Director shall supervise the work of the Institution for Research and Education.
(The assistant director)
Article 5 An assistant director shall be placed in the Institution for Research and Education.
2. A vice president designated by the President shall be appointed as the assistant director.
3. The assistant director shall assist the Director in his or her duties and shall take over those duties in the event of the latter being incapacitated.
(Global stations)
Article 6 The following global stations shall be placed in the Institution for Research and
Education to promote international collaborative research and education that capitalizes
upon the distinctive characteristics of the University.
(1) The Global Station for Soft Matter(2) The Global Station for Big Data and Cybersecurity(3) The Global Station for Arctic Research(4) The Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery
2. Full-time teaching staff from the University (including specially appointed academic staff
who come under each item of Article 3 of the Hokkaido University Specially Appointed
Academic Staff Regulations (HU Doc. No. 35 of 2006). The same applies to Article 7(2)below.) and teaching staff invited from Japan and overseas shall be placed in the Institution
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for Research and Education.
3. The period for which a global station is established shall be five years. However, thisperiod can be extended within five years if the steering committee provided for in Article 8
deems it necessary.
(Global station leaders)
Article 7 A global station leader shall be placed in each of the global stations referred to in
the items of Article 6(1).
2. The global station leader shall be one of the teaching staff of the said global station who
has been designated by the Director.
3. The global station leader shall supervise the work of the said global station under the ordersof the Director.
4. The term of office of the global station leaders shall be three years or less, and they can bereappointed.
(Steering Committee)
Article 8 A steering committee shall be placed in the Institution for Research and Education
to deliberate important matters concerning the said institution.
2. The organization and administration of the steering committee shall be prescribed
separately.
(Administration)
Article 9 The administrative work of the Institution for Research and Education shall beprocessed in the Division of International Planning, the International Affairs Department.
(Miscellaneous provisions)
Article 10 In addition to what is prescribed in these Regulations, necessary mattersregarding the operation of the Institution for Research and Education shall be prescribed
separately by the President after approval by the steering committee.
Supplementary Provisions
These Regulations come into force on April 1, 2014.
Supplementary Provisions
These Regulations come into force on April 1, 2015.
Supplementary Provisions
These Regulations come into force on April 1, 2016.
Supplementary Provisions
These Regulations come into force on July 1, 2018.
Supplementary Provisions
These Regulations come into force on March 1, 2020.
Supplementary Provisions
These Regulations come into force on April 1, 2020.

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REGULATIONS FOR THE GLOBAL INSTITUTIONFOR COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION STEERING COMMITTEE
HU Doc. No. 152
April 1, 2014
(Purpose)
Article 1 These regulations shall provide for the necessary matters concerning theorganization and administration of the Global Institution for Collaborative Research and
Education Steering Committee (hereinafter referred to as "the committee"), based upon
Article 8(2) of the Regulations for the Global Institution for Collaborative Research and
Education (HU Doc. No. 151 of 2014, "Regulations for the Institution for Education andResearch" in Article 3).
(Topics for Deliberation)
Article 2 The committee shall deliberate on the issues set forth in item (6) through item (10)of Article 2 of the National University Corporation Hokkaido University Agenda for
Hearing with Faculty Council Rules (HU Doc. No. 42 of 2015, referred to as “Hearing
Rules” in the following paragraph) and deliver opinions to the President.
2. In addition to the matters specified in the preceding paragraph, the committee shalldeliberate the following matters pertaining to the Hokkaido University Global Institution
for Collaborative Research and Education (hereinafter referred to as "the Institution for
Research and Education" in (5) below).
(1) Matters regarding personnel affairs of the faculty (excluding matters set forth in item (6)through item (10) of Article 2 of the Hearing Rules).
(2) Matters regarding the establishment, reform or termination of global stations.
(3) Matters regarding the evaluation of the educational and research activities of global
stations.
(4) Matters regarding budgets.
(5) Other important matters pertaining to the administration of the Institution for Researchand Education.
(Structure)
Article 3 The committee shall consist of the following members:(1) The director of the Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education(referred to as "the director" in Article 5)(2) The assistant director of the Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education(referred to as "the assistant director" in Article 5)(3) One vice president designated by the President (excluding the person mentioned in theprevious item)(4) One dean or director from each of the following categories (a-d), each of whom shall be
designated by the Presidenta) The Graduate School of Law, the Faculty of Education, the Research Faculty ofMedia and Communication, the Faculty of Economics and Business, the Faculty of
Humanities and Human Sciences, the Faculty of Public Policy

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b) The Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, the Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, theFaculty of Science, the Research Faculty of Agriculture, the Faculty of Advanced Life
Science, the Faculty of Engineering, the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, the Faculty ofInformation Science and Technologyc) The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the Faculty of Health Sciences, the Faculty of
Medicine, the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospitald) Each affiliated research institute, each research center, the Field Science Center for
Northern Biosphere(5) Each global station leader as prescribed in Article 7 of the Regulations for the Institution
for Education and Research(6) Other persons whom the President deems appropriate
2. The President shall appoint the committee members mentioned in the preceding item (6)(Term of Office)
Article 4 The terms of office of the committee members indicated in paragraph 1(4) andparagraph 1(6) of the previous article shall be two years. However, the term of office of
substitute committee members shall be the remaining term of office of the previous
committee member.
2. The committee members indicated in the preceding paragraph may be reappointed.
(Committee Chair)
Article 5 The director shall be appointed as the committee chair.
2. The committee chair shall call committee meetings and preside over the said meetings.
3. The assistant director shall take over the director's duties in the event of the latter being
incapacitated.
(Proceedings)
Article 6 The committee cannot validly convene unless at least two-thirds of the committee
members are present.
2 Committee proceedings, other than those prescribed separately, shall be decided by the
majority vote of the attending committee members.
(Attendance of Persons Other Than Committee Members)
Article 7 In cases deemed necessary by the committee, persons other than committee
members may be permitted to attend committee meetings, and explanations or opinions of
the said persons may be heard.
(Committees on Special Issues)
Article 8 Committees on special issues may be established within the committee whennecessary in order to deliberate specialized matters.
(General Affairs)
Article 9 The administrative affairs of the committee shall be processed in the Division ofInternational Planning, the International Affairs Department.
(Miscellaneous Provisions)
Article 10 In addition to what is prescribed in these regulations, necessary mattersregarding the operation of the committee shall be prescribed by the said committee.

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Supplementary Provisions
These regulations come into force on April 1, 2014.
Supplementary Provisions (HU Doc. No. 196 of April 1, 2015)
These regulations come into force on April 1, 2015.
Supplementary Provisions (HU Doc. No. 191 of October 1, 2016)
These regulations come into force on October 1, 2016.
Supplementary Provisions (HU Doc. No. 163 of April 1, 2017)
1. These regulations come into force on April 1, 2017.
2. The dean of the Graduate School of Dental Medicine who was specified as a committee
member in c) of paragraph 1(4) of Article 3 prior to the revision (hereinafter referred to as“the former committee member” in this paragraph) shall be deemed to have been
appointed as a committee member under the revised regulations in c) of paragraph 1(4) of
Article 3 on the enforcement date of these regulations. The term of office of the said
member shall be the remaining term of office of the former committee member on theenforcement date, notwithstanding the revised provisions of Article 4(1).
Supplementary Provisions (HU Doc. No. 182 of June 20, 2017)
These regulations come into force on June 20, 2017 and apply retroactively from April 1,
2017.
Supplementary Provisions (HU Doc. No. 98 of July 1, 2018)
These regulations come into force on July 1, 2018.
Supplementary Provisions (HU Doc. No. 134 of April 1, 2019)
1. These regulations come into force on April 1, 2019.
2. The dean of the Graduate School of Letters who was specified as a committee member inc) of paragraph 1(4) of Article 3 prior to the revision (hereinafter referred to as “theformer committee member” in this paragraph) shall be deemed to have been appointed as
a committee member under the revised regulations in c) of paragraph 1(4) of Article 3 onthe enforcement date of these regulations. The term of office of the said member shall be
the remaining term of office of the former committee member on the enforcement date,notwithstanding the revised provisions of Article 4(1).

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Final Evaluation Report | Global Station for Arctic Research , GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University

Final Evaluation Report

外部評価報告書

Published by:

発

Global Institution for Collaborative Research

国際連携研究教育局（GI-CoRE）

July 2021

行：

Global Station for Arctic Research,

北海道大学and Education (GI-CoRE),

北極域研究グローバルステーション

Website: https://gi-core.oia.hokudai.ac.jp/gsa/

ウェブサイト : https://gi-core.oia.hokudai.ac.jp/gsa/

Hokkaido University

名称未設定-4 2

2021/11/19 16:39