同志社大学大学院社会学研究科
2024 年度 春期実施
課程：後期専攻：社会学

№１

試験科目

大学院外国人留学生入学試験問題（注）□ 問題用紙に直接解答すること。
レ

別紙の解答用紙

英

受験番号語

氏名

1 枚に解答すること。

［Ⅰ］Read the following paragraphs and rephrase the study findings with up to 350 words in English.

※A Harvard Approach
I set out to find an experimental method whereby it would be possible to trace a line of acquaintances linking any
two persons chosen at random. Let us assume for the moment that the actual process of establishing the linkages
between two persons runs only one way: from person A to person Z. Let us call person A the starting person,
since he will initiate the process, and person Z the target person, since he is the person to be reached. All thatwould be necessary, therefore, would be to choose a starting person at random from the [265] million people wholive in the United States, and then randomly choose a target person.
This is how the study was carried out. The general idea was to obtain a sample of men and women from all walksof life. Each of these persons would be given the name and address of the same target person, a person chosen atrandom, who lives somewhere in the United States. Each of the participants would be asked to move a message（著作権の都合上、問題文を掲載しておりません）
toward the target person, using only a chain of friends and acquaintances. Each person would be asked to transmit
the message to the friend or acquaintance who he thought would be most likely to know the target person.
Messages could move only to persons who knew each other on a first-name basis.
Each person who volunteered to serve as a starting person was sent a folder containing a document, which served
as the main tool of the investigation. Briefly, the document contains:
1. The name of the target person as well as certain information about him. This orients the participants towarda specific individual.
2. A set of rules for reaching the target person. Perhaps the most important rule is: "If you do not know thetarget person on a personal basis, do not try to contact him directly. Instead, mail this folder... to a personalacquaintance who is more likely than you to know the target person... it must be someone you know on afirst-name basis." This rule sets the document into motion, moving it from one participant to the next, until
it is sent to someone who knows the target person.
3. A roster (a list of the names of players) on which each person in the chain writes his name. This tells theperson who receives the folder exactly who sent it to him. The roster also has another practical effect; it
prevents endless looping of the folder through participants who have already served as links in the chain,because each participant can see exactly what sequence of persons has led up to his own participation.
In addition to the document, the folder contains a stack of 15 business reply, or "tracer," cards. Each person
receiving the folder takes out a card, fills it in, returns it to us, and sends the remaining cards along with thedocument to the next link.

同志社大学大学院社会学研究科
2024 年度 春期実施
課程：後期
専攻：社会学№２

試験科目

大学院外国人留学生入学試験問題（注）□ 問題用紙に直接解答すること。
レ

別紙の解答用紙

英

受験番号

語

氏名

1 枚に解答すること。

Would It Work?
The question that plagued us most in undertaking this study was simply: Would the procedure work? Would anyof the chains started in Kansas actually reach our target person in Massachusetts? Part of the excitement ofexperimental social psychology is that it is all so new we often have no way of knowing whether our techniques
will work or simply turn out to be wispy pipe dreams.
The answer came fairly quickly. It will be recalled that our first target person was the wife of a student living inCambridge. Four days after the folders were sent to a group of starting persons in Kansas, an instructor at theEpiscopal Theological Seminary approached our target person on the street. "Alice," he said, thrusting a brownfolder toward her, "this is for you." At first she thought he was simply returning a folder that had gone astray andhad never gotten out of Cambridge, but when we looked at the roster, we found to our pleased surprise that thedocument had started with a wheat farmer in Kansas. He had passed it on to an Episcopalian minister in his home
town, who sent it to the minister（著作権の都合上、問題文を掲載しておりません）
who taught in Cambridge, who gave it to the target person. Altogether the numberof intermediate links between starting person and target person amounted to two!
As it turned out, this was one of the shortest chains we were ever to receive, for as more tracers and folders camein, we learned that chains varied from two to 10 intermediate acquaintances, with the median at five (see Figure16.1). A median of five intermediate persons is, in certain ways, impressive, considering the distances traversed.

Figure 16.1 Number of Intermediaries in the Nebraska Study

同志社大学大学院社会学研究科
2024 年度 春期実施
課程：後期
専攻：社会学№１

試験科目

大学院外国人留学生入学試験問題（注）□ 問題用紙に直接解答すること。
☑

受験番号専門に関する論文
氏名別紙の解答用紙 ２ 枚に解答すること。

※［Ⅰ］ あなたの博士後期課程における研究計画の社会学的意義について，次の(1)～(3)の内容を盛り込んで説明しなさい。なお，(1)～(3)の内容を盛り込んでいればよいので，このとおりの順序で述べる必要はないし，番号を明記する必要もない。
(1)あなたの研究の内容（理論的枠組み，方法，対象を含む）。
(2)研究計画に深く関連する分野の研究動向と，そのなかでのあなたの研究の独創性。
(3)社会学の他の研究諸分野とあなたの研究との関係，および／または社会学の大きな流れのなかでのあなたの研究の位置づけ。