HTT30-01

Room:101A

Time:May 25 16:30-16:45

Performance evaluation of UAV to use for disaster prevention
SAITOU, Osamu1∗
1Center for Disaster Prevention and Security, IBARAKI University

Especially in the past several years, other disasters caused by extreme weather because of our changing climate, such as heavy
typhoons, rain cataracts, flurries, and tornadoes, also cause widespread destruction. When these disasters or earthquakes occur,
rapid situational assessment is crucially important, but it is difficult because transportation systems including roads and railways
often shut down under those circumstances. Therefore, a monitoring system that provides information immediately when adisaster occurs is required. When a disaster occurs, monitoring from an airplane or satellite is effective but such systems are noteasy to use. This study examines the performance of disaster monitoring systems using ready-made uncrewed aerial vehicles(UAV).
Keywords: UAV, sensor network, disaster prevention

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HTT30-02

Room:101A

Time:May 25 16:45-17:00

Small fixed wing UAV for natural disaster survey: Its needs and challenges
INOUE, Hiroshi1∗ ; FUKUI, Hiromichi2 ; SUGITA, Satoru21National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, 2 IDEAS, Chubu University

Recently multicopters are used for disaster survey, environment and agriculture survey, civil and construction engineering
survey and new reports and will become more popular in coming few years. They could, however, always have a chance to crashby an improper mission plan or judgment of situation, GPS signal loss, battery or equipment failure and other causes. According
to our experiences, it is difficult to reduce the chance less than once a hundred flights at least for new users. If the number ofuses increases, many of the equipment will crash, some of them hit humans, vehicles and houses, and some of them cause severe
injury and damages. The chance of such accident may be small at rural areas, but should not be neglected in urban areas. One ofthe purposes of our usage of UAV is for disaster risk assessment, monitoring and response, and the target areas are inhabited. It
is therefore at the first priority to reduce the chance of accident.
Possible safety counter measures are, more strict regulations of the usage, improvement of flight controller and safety gears by
manufacturers, proper operation of the equipment by the users. Another way we propose in this paper is use of fixed wing drones
instead of multicopters. Fixed wing drones here are electric-motor planes made of Styrofoam with one to two meters wingspan.
We purchased and are testing several types of foam planes with APM flight controller including 3DR Aero. We also used eBeeof sensFly in outside Japan. Fixed wing planes can also crash as similar to multicopters by equipment failure and human erros.
They, however, are made of soft material, heavy parts such as battery and camera can be within the fuselage, motors and props
are facing rear side, thus they will not cause heavy damages to someone or objects when they hit. This simple safety mechanismis the biggest advantage of fixed wing drones. Fixed wing planes can also fly faster and float in the air by wing with less energy,
they can fly longer time and go longer distances with the same size of batteries as compared with multicopters. This is the biggestmerit in case the danger caused by crash is not significant such as flights in mountain areas.
Fixed wing drones, on the other hand, also have demerits. The biggest difficulty is landing. Take off is not difficult by handlaunching and no wide space is not necessary. Switching to autopilot immediately after the take-off makes the following flightwith no difficulty. A pin-point landing by a slow speed is not easy either by manual or by autopilot and a wide area is needed.
Manual cruise is also more difficult than multicopters which can hover without any stick control. This is a fate of fixed wing
planes which always have to move forward not to stall and crash. The auto-landing function of fixed wing drones is, however,improving. The limitation of the choice of landing point is reduces by using large net to catch the aircraft. Manual controllability
is also improved by the flight controllers, such as straight and constant altitude cruise or circling around a point in the sky even
without touching the controller. The difficulties of fixed wing planes are going to be reduced. The advantages of the safety andthe ability of 10km over flight outweigh the weaknesses. The safety is of paramount importance in flights above urban areas. Aslong as a multicopter which never crashes or never injures people on the ground even when it crashes is not available, we mustuse a foam plane.

Keywords: natural disaster, UAV, fixed wing, safety

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HTT30-03

Room:101A

Time:May 25 17:00-17:15

Position measurement of ground control points and its accuracy with UAV photogrammetry
TOBITA, Mikio1∗ ; NAKANO, Takayuki1 ; KAMIYA, Izumi1 ; OTOI, Kousei1 ; IWAHASHI, Junko1 ;NAKAJIMA, Hidetoshi1
1GSI of Japan

It is sometimes possible to measure surface position in the spatial density of a few cm by SfM (Structure from Motion) - MVS(Multi-view Stereo) techniques using photographs taken by UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) at low altitude. The higher theaccuracy is, the more diverse the field will be in the fields of geoscience, geospace, and disaster prevention.
The accuracy of the estimated positions highly depends on the camera, camera model, quality of photos, flight altitude, overlap, position accuracy of the drone, analysis software, and conditions of the analysis.
We installed ground markers in the site of Geospatial Information Authority, Tsukuba and took nadir and oblique images witha multicopter. Comparisons of estimated positions varying some of the parameters will be reported.

Keywords: UAV, Ground Control Point, SfM, MVS, Drone

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HTT30-04

Room:101A

Time:May 25 17:15-17:30

Monitoring the sediment movement in deep-seated landslides in Nara Prefecture utilizing
UAV
SAKAGAMI, Masayuki1∗ ; KANAI, Hiromichi1 ; SHIMIZU, Mikiteru1 ; HORI, Daiichiro11Kokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd.

By the great floods in Kii Peninsula in September, 2011 large-scale of slope failure occurred frequently in the wide area ofthe southern part of Nara Prefecture, and gave serious damage to many houses as well as human lives. In the area of deepseated landslides in 2011, the heavy rain subsequent to the typhoons caused a secondary sediment movement. It is, therefore,
very important to perform continuous monitoring in this area. In this presentation, we examined the possibility of monitoring
sediment transport using UAV. Among 60 locations of large-scale collapse by the great floods in Kii Peninsula, 11 places wereselected and survey using UAV was conducted in order to investigate sediment transportation around the landslide.
The field survey was carried out on the 11th and 12th of November, 2014. Flight speed was set between 20 and 45km/h. The
longest flight with automatic navigation was about 14km (one way 7km). The flight of UAV with rotary wings in steep terrain
may be the first trial in the world. We have investigated both of the photographs taken by the UAV and the ones by airplanesor helicopters in the previous research, and detected the change of terrain and vegetation. We also calculated with deference
analysis the amount of the sediment movement on the slope where measurement data of laser survey were obtained immediately
after the landslide. As the result we could detect the change of the followings,-Topographic change of terrain such as erosion of cliff, flow channel of small rivers, development of gully.
-Change of vegetation such as outflow of fallen trees and elimination of woods.
-Amount of sediment erosion at the lower part of the landslide within one or two year.
Keywords: UAV, Monitoring, Measurement, Deep landslinde, Sediment disaster

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HTT30-05

Room:101A

Time:May 25 17:30-17:45

Rice growth condition estimation using small UAVTANAKA, Kei1∗ ; KONDOH, Akihiko2
1

Japan Map Center, 2 Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University

The advances of GPS, gyro and acceleration sensor has made possible low-cost and miniaturization. Thereby, multi-copter
mounted with these sensors have appeared. That it requires a high level of technology and knowledge in the handling of RC
traditional helicopter, beginner to steer is difficult.However, it has become possible to get easily geospatial information of highresolution for beginners.
In this study, we examined method of rice growth monitoring by using small UAV.
Keywords: small UAV, NDVI, orthophoto, DSM, rice growth monitoring

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HTT30-06

Room:101A

Time:May 25 17:45-18:00

Rice growth monitoring by radio control electric-powered Multicopter
HAMA, Akira1∗ ; HAYAZAKI, Yuka3 ; TANAKA, Kei2 ; KONDOH, Akihiko3
1Chiba Univ. Graduate school of Sience, 2 Japan Map Center, 3 Chiva Univ. CEReS

1. Introduction
Currently,radio control electric-powered Multicopter became miniaturization and cost reduction also the attitude control technology improves. And it became to do the proximity remote sensing at a low cost by mounting a camera or sensor as UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle).
Crop production management is one of the important issues of remote sensing,the number of case studies have been accumulated.In particular,in the paddy rice is Japan’s key crops,such as yield and harvest optimum time forecasting and eating quality
decision is challenged, observation and prediction that target a vast field that utilizes the aircraft and satellite remote sensing has
been carried out.
In this study,by using the UAV for growth monitoring of rice,it was attempted a detailed growth situation monitoring based on
the image of high time-spatial resolution.In addition,we used SfM (Structure from Motion) technic to the analysis of a pluralityof images taken,which can create ortho mosaic image,DSM,were utilized for growth monitoring of rice. Observation by theUAV,less limitations by clouds,such as a satellite,in addition UAV is possible to observe at any time. So if the observation costs
are inexpensive and the data is the high accuracy,the advantage of using UAV is increase especially the wet area like Japan.
2. Methods
In rice Proving Ground in Chiba Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry Research Center, we observed in June 2014 from May toSeptember.In this field is subdivided two of paddy in 48 compartments, seeding, transplanting time in each compartment,varieties
and changing the amount of fertilizer,can be grown in different conditions.
To observation,electric-powered Multicopter and digital camera were subjected to aerial using.
Creation of ortho photographs and paddy fields of DSM(Digital Surface Model)was created using the SfM software PhotoScan.DSM in order to change due to the growth of rice,is subtracted the initial ground surface altitude (ground surface beforeplanting) from DSM of each shot time,determine the average plant length of rice in each compartment.
3. Results,Discussion
1) NDVINDVI of rice for each partition in common,rises from transplanting time,it was lowered toward maturity around heading to thepeak.
Transplant period 4 phase(4/10,4/23,5/14,6/3),appear peak earlier about what time that was transplanted early,began then descent. Due to differences in the varieties, the difference of the growth process also observed,NDVI of the same period of theprevious heading slow-growth Koshihikari became lowest. In addition, even those of the same day of transplantation-breed,ahigher fertilization amount became high NDVI.
Differences in growth conditions in field by growth conditions were observed in detail. (Using the NDVI)
2) DSM (the Plant length)
Results of the comparison the plant length measured from the DSM and actual measured plant length previous heading,wecould observe in the error number cm level. Plant length is one of the important indicator rice to growth conditions and we could
observe it from the Aerial photos.
The cause of the error, as well as DSM accuracy problems,strictly to seeking high state fallen state and wind hanging the DSM
is measured ”plant height”. On the other hand, Actual measured values is measured by stretched straight(plant length).
3) Growth estimation using NDVI (plant length, LAI)
Based on the correlation between the measured data and NDVI of rice, I was led to the regression model for plant length ?
LAI estimation in before heading using the NDVI. Each of RMSE of these models, 0.047m (plant height) 0.478m2 / m2(LAI),
estimation accuracy is high, the possibility that can be applied to the growth state measurement of critical time to adjust, such as
top-dressing amount has been suggested.
Keywords: UAV, SfM, NDVI, DSM, Plant length

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HTT30-06

Room:101A

Time:May 25 17:45-18:00

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