RESEARCH USING QUESTIONNAIRE ON ACTUAL SITUATION OFCOMMUNICATIONS WITH LOCAL RESIDENTS OF CS DISPOSALFACILITIESMasazumi Kitsuka 1 , Ichiro Kuroshima 2 ,Shigeo Kotake 3 , Masaki Hayashi 4 , Masahiko

Hoshino 5 , Shuji Watanabe 6 , Yushi

Tsurumi 7 ,Masataka Hanashima 8 ,Toru Furuichi 9
1 ENVIRONMENTALTECHNOLOGIC CONSULTANT CO., LTD.

2 Sumitomo Mitsui Construction Co., Ltd. 3 OBAYASHI CORPORATION
4 CTI Engineering Co., Ltd. 5 Japan Environmental Engineering Consultant
6 CHUDEN ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS CO., LTD.
8Chairman,

7 Pacific

Consultants

Co., Ltd.

9Vice-Chairman

the Closed System Disposal Facilities Development and Study working group
TEL:03-3280-5871

FAX:03-3280-5973

E-mail:csken@cd6.so-net.ne.jp

ABSTRACT
There are various causes for opposition of constructions of waste disposal facilities by the local
residents, and one of them is the mistrust of the local residents in the operation of the facilities thatis resulted from poor communication between the operators of the facilities and the residents. We
have implemented a questionnaire to review the communication from the viewpoint of the local
residents, and studied on the means of the communication and exchange of the opinions based on
the results of the survey.
As a result of this study, we found that explanation meetings are organized frequently as themeans of communication that allows mutual exchange of enormous amount of information
including thoughts of parties involved in landfill projects, their facial expressions, attitudes andothers. It was also found that many of the respondents of the questionnaire expect the uses ofmeans that utilize information technologies, allowing wide propagation of information before
explanatory meetings are held.

Keywords: Communication means, Agreement, Troubles, Disposal Facilities, Information

Proceedings of APLAS Sapporo 2008
The 5th Asian-Pacific Landfill Symposium
Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, October 22 – 24, 2008

APLAS Sapporo 2008, The 5th Asian-Pacific Landfill Symposium
purpose of the communications) and evaluations

1. Communication with residents
1.1

of them by those who are engaged with landfill

Way of communication

Aiming at “social acceptance” of CS disposal

projects are our unique implementation whichfacilities, this working group investigated thehas never been made before.

“communication” with community that is one of
the elements constituting the concept of CS
disposal facilities.

2. Design of questionnaire
To achieve social acceptance of the CS

We studies the way of communication withdisposal facilities, it is necessary to examine

residents so that the final disposal facilities can

the method after understanding the observing

be accepted by the local community.

points of the parties involved in the project.

The principal factor that acts as a drag of the

To review the communication among thesocial acceptance of the final disposal facilities

parties,

is, according to the result of our experiences andquestionnaire to investigate the means of thecasecommunication.

studies,considered

to

be

“poor

communication with the local residents”.
1.2

Surveybyquestionnaireonwe

decidedtoimplementa

It was determined to understand actual
thesituations of the communication by using
indirect methods such as hearing with thecommunication means
We sent out questionnaires to the persons

project implementing bodies.

involved in communication with the resident
about “the actual state of communication withthe resident”.

Questionnaire

Through this questionnaire which used thecase examples of constructions of CS disposal
facilities,

we

investigated

the

kinds

and

Member of Research Committee of
Closed System Disposal Facilities

purposes of the means of communication withthe residents that were actually implemented,
and what the parties involved in the project(such as project implementing bodies, planners,
designers, and constructors) are considering
about the timing and type of the means of the

Administrative bodies

Local residents

communication to be utilized depending on thematters such as their positions and estimatedFigure 1

situations of troubles at the construction, andThe questionnaire was designed by taking

then the results were analyzed.
The surveys on the situations of utilization of
the means in actual cases (such as the timing andthe following points into consideration when
to determine the entries.

APLAS Sapporo 2008, The 5th Asian-Pacific Landfill Symposium
Project implementing bodies

projects due to troubles could not be

For the questionnaire that is sent out toobtained. Therefore, it was determined tomunicipal organizations, although they areinclude questions about the period of timein the environment where they are allowed

spent for establishment of agreement andto allocate professional engineers who

the timing of the resolution.

2.1

belong to their construction division, it
may be difficult for some local government

2.4

Communication means

offices to organize specialized project for

It was determined to obtain reply

the construction of the disposal facilities.

about the means of the communication

Therefore, we took into consideration thethat were actually used, and to getpossibility that their reply may be affected

feedback about the effective means ofby the nature of individual project bodies.

the communications from those who

2.2

engaged in the practice.

Involvement of respondents into theproject

It was taken into consideration that the state

The form of questionnaire that was used thisof involvement of respondents into thetime has a section for writing the name of the CS

project can affect the contents of theirdisposal facility with a note describing that the

replies due to their individual viewpoints

name will not be disclosed. The note was addedon this matter.

so that the respondent can provide detailed

It was also determined to obtain their answers

information as much as possible without anxiety.

about their situation in the entire project
because it may take long time to complete

3. Results of survey by questionnaire

the

3.1

processfromtheplanning

tocompletion of the construction.

Responses of questionnaire

1) Situations of responses
The questionnaires were sent to the contact

Situations of projects during planningpersons of Research Committee of Closed

and construction

System Disposal Facilities that were selected

We have investigated case examples ofbased on the CS disposal facilities performancethe troubles that occurred in the past, andlist that was prepared in December 12, 2006. We

thus, it was determined to obtain theasked

answers about the troubles that occurredCommittee of Closed System Disposal Facilities

with regard to the CS disposal facilities.

to distribute the forms among the persons of

2.3

the

contact

personsofResearch

Since this questionnaire covers the CS

individual companies that are deemed the most

disposal facilities that have already been

suitable as the respondents of the questionnaire.

constructed, the replies with regard to theWe additionally asked the contact persons ofcase example of relinquishment of the

Research Committee of Closed System Disposal

APLAS Sapporo 2008, The 5th Asian-Pacific Landfill Symposium
Facilities to distribute the forms among the

Because the questionnaires were sent out

persons of the company that designed thefirst to the members of Research Committee ofdisposal

other

Closed System Disposal Facilities, many ofthethem related to the designer and constructor

company is involved in the final disposal

companies, many of the respondents belong tofacility project earlier than other parties andthesethus grasping the situation in earlier stage of the

respondents.

project.

Table 1

facility

companiesAtinbecausethepreference
we

time

the

estimatedtothatquestionnairebodies,totaling

80.6%

of

all

the

Number of respondents and bodies

wasto which they belong

implemented, there are forty six CS disposal

Association

No. of

Percentage tofacilities in Japan, and the members of Researchwith landfill

responses

total responses

Committee of Closed System Disposal Facilities

project
1

2.8%

was involved in forty two (42) of them.

The

Project

members of Research Committee of Closed

implementing

System Disposal Facilities became engaged inbodies

91.3% of all the CS disposal facilities that havePlanners

6

16.7

%

been constructed in Japan as of the time of

Designers

19

52.8

%

implementation of the questionnaire.

Constructors

10

27.8

%

Others00Thenumberofresponses

to

the

%

questionnaires is 34, that is 81.0% of allquestionnaires sent out, and 73.9% of all CS

3) Status of respondents

disposal facilities covered.

Table 2 shows the positions of the respondents
to the questionnaire.

2) Association of respondent with landfill

Approximately 53% of all the respondents areprojects

the managers or submanagers of the project,

Table 1 shows the association of respondent
with landfill projects.
The reason why the number of respondents ismeaning

that

they

are

in

the

positions

responsible for it. Approximately 20% of all the
respondents are technicians and 27% are others.

larger than the number of responses is that there

Otherswas a respondent who belongs to a company that

disposalis both the planner and designer, and thus

engineering division, ales representatives andresponded twice, and an another respondent who

technical staffs. It appears that the manager of abelongs to a company that is both the designer

waste disposal facility is in a position near to theand constructor, and thus responded twice,.

project manager. These data demonstrate that

There is a case that one respondent who belongs

approximately 56% of all the respondents are in

to a planner which is a government office.

the positions that re responsible for the project.

mainlyincludefacilities,

managers

staffs

in

of

waste

head

officeAPLAS Sapporo 2008, The 5th Asian-Pacific Landfill Symposium
Table 2

Status of respondents

Status of

No. of

Percentage to

Local

respondents

responses

total responses

government

Project

12organizations

35.3

%

managers
6

17.6

3.2
7

20.6

Desk workers

00

Others

9

26.5

１

2.9%

%

submanagers
Technicians

47.1%

offices
Other

Project

16%%%

Situations of project at the time ofplanning and construction
1) Time spent until agreement on construction
was reached
Table 1 shows the time spent until agreementon the construction of disposal facilities was4) Project implementing bodies
Table 3 shows the bodies that implement thethe period from the announcement of the plan tofacility projects.
The

body

reached. The questionnaire defines the period asof“Other”

to

which

One

the

residents

totheachievement

of

the

respondent belongs is a final disposal facility

agreement. The respondents for the case thethat was owned by a local government office atperiod is “5 years or over” include one

the time of order, and then, absorbed by a

respondent of the case the period is “likely 5municipal body during the construction. There

years or over”.

was a case that the body to which the respondent

Table 4

Time spent until agreement on
construction was reachedbelongs was a local government office at theTime

No. of

Percentage toresponses

total responses

3

8.8%

a

6

17.6%

1 to less than 2

2

5.9%

11

32.4%

time of the response, and now absorbed by amunicipal organization. And thus, the body isrecorded as a local government office in theLess than half

Table 3.

a year

The facility project implementing bodies
includemunicipalorganizations

and

local

government offices approximately half-and-half.

Less

than

year

years
Table 3

Disposal facility project

implementing bodies

2 to less than 5
years

Project

No. of

Percentage to

5 years or over

4

11.8%

implementing

responses

total responses

Unknown5

14.7%

No response

3

8.8%

bodiesMunicipal

17

50.0%

As for the time spent until agreement on

APLAS Sapporo 2008, The 5th Asian-Pacific Landfill Symposium
construction

26

construction due to the residents' movement

respondents who responded to this question withagainst the project. The questionnaire defines

the number of years except those of the cases of

the troubles as “the delay of construction by six“Unknown” and “No response”.

months or more due to the residents' movement

The details of these 26 cases are shown inagainst the project”.

Figure 2.

wasreached,

there

are

Approximately 40% of these 26

cases reached the agreement in less than two

Table 5year, and approximately 85% of them reached
the agreement within less than 5 years. For the

Troubles with residents causing
delay of construction

TroublesCS disposal facilities that were completed, mostNo. of

Percentage toresponses

total

of them reached the agreement in approximately

responses

5 years from the announcement of the project to

Delay of half a

the residents. Approximately 45% of the cases

year or lessreached the agreement in 2 to 5 years, which

Delay of less thanmeans that many of the projects reach thea yearagreement within this period.

Delay of 1 to less

0

0%

2

5.9%

2

5.9%

2

5.9%

21

61.8%

2

5.9%

3

8.8%

2

5.9%

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

25
20
15
10
5
5 years or over

2 to less than 5 years

Less than a year

1to less than 2 years

0Less than haif a year

No. of responses

30

Accumulated percentage

than 3 years
Delay of 3 years
or overNo.of
responses
Accumulated
No.of
responnses
Accumulated
percentage

No delay due totroublesNo trouble after
construction
Troubleswithdelay unknown
No response

There are 30 cases in which the trouble withresidents occurred if two cases of “No response”

Figure 2

No. of years until agreement on
construction was reachedand two cases of “No trouble after construction”
are excluded. Of the 30 cases, there are 21 casesthat experienced no troubles. This can mean that

2) Delay of construction due to troubles withresidents
Table 5 shows the number of respondents
classified according to the period of delay of

70% of the cases experienced no troubles.
Oftheresponses

sayingthat

theyexperienced troubles, two cases describe thatthey experienced no troubles with regard to the

APLAS Sapporo 2008, The 5th Asian-Pacific Landfill Symposium
CS disposal facilities. Therefore, it can be

Table 6considered that over 70% of the completed CS

Time of trouble

disposal facilities experienced no trouble withTime of troubles
No. of

Percentage toresponses

total

the residents.

responses

For the cases that experienced troubles, theabout time ofdelay of construction due to the troubles seems
to be a half a year or longer.
In Table 5

troublesFundamental“Troubles with residents causing

Site

the area where the opposition to the construction

phaseoccurs and the reasons for the movement as

Fundamental

follows.

planning phasedeep-seateddoubtsabout

previous

acquisition

Fundamental

1

7.1%

1

7.1%

3

21.4%

2

14.4%

1

7.1%

1

7.1%

14

100%

designing phasedisposal facility because they suffered

Detailed planningfrom bad smell, flies and damages byphase

birds caused by the sloppy management

Duringof the facility.

construction② Since the disposal facility that was

35.8%

conception phasedelay of construction”, the respondents describe① The project derailed due to the residents’

5

After

completion

planned had a gasification furnace and aof construction

recycling exhibition facility, there was a

Total

movement against the construction by

responses

some neighboring residents who have fear

time of troubles

no.

of
about

of health hazard from chemicals such asdioxin.
③ There was a movement against theconstruction by fisheries cooperative of4) Times of resolution of troubles
Table 7 shows the times individual troubles weresettled. The number of responses about time of

the river into which the leachate was tosettlement of the troubles is eight, including sevenbe released and by residents downstream

cases that replied about the time of troubles (Table 6)

the facility.

and then replied about the times of the settlement

3) Time of troubles

plus one case the did not reply about the time of

Table 6 shows the times the troubles occurred.
Most of the troubles occur during the stage oftroubles but replied about the time of the settlement.

There was a response that replied “no trouble

fundamental conception phase, approximately

experienced” but written the time of settlement,

35.8% of all, and then, in the fundamental

which is not included in this table.

designing phase, approximately 21.4%.

For all responses except one, the times of

APLAS Sapporo 2008, The 5th Asian-Pacific Landfill Symposium
resolution of troubles are after the fundamental

that does not reach the resolution. There was adesigning phase. The final disposal facility thatcase that did not reply with the time ofhas not reached the settlement is the one

settlement but replied with the cause of the

replying that the troubles occurred in all phases.

resolution. There was a response that replied “noTable 7trouble experienced” but written the cause ofTime of settlement of troubles

Time of trouble

No. of

Percentage toresponses

total

settlement, which is not included in this table.
The causes of resolution of the troubles

responses

mainly include “deepening of local residents’

about times ofunderstanding on the final disposal facility” andsettlement of“replanning to the local residents’ demands”.

troublesFundamental

1

12.5

%

Table 8conception phaseSiteacquisition

00Cause of settlement

No. ofof troubles

responses%

Deepening

phase
Fundamental

0

0

of

local

5

residents’%

understanding on theplanning phase
Fundamental

1

12.5

final disposal facility%

Replanning

designing phase
Detailed planning

1

12.5

local

%

to

the

3

residents’demands

phase
Construction

2

25.0

Returning profits to%2

community

phase
After

Causes of settlement of troubles

completion

2

25.0

%

of construction
Notreached

1

12.5

%

settlement
Total

responses

about

times

settlement

8

100

Others0

Causes unknown2

Not written

1

Total no. of responses

13

that

%

experienced

troubleofoftroubles3.3

Results of questionnaire

1) Time the communication means was used and5) Causes of settlement of troubles

desirable time of use of the means

Table 8 shows the causes of settlement of the

Figure 3 shows the relationship between thetroubles. Eight cases that replied with the times

communication means that were used and theof settlement of the troubles include one casenumber of uses of individual means for theAPLAS Sapporo 2008, The 5th Asian-Pacific Landfill Symposium“time the communication means was used” andthe “desirable time of use of the means”. From
this figure, it is known that the order of the

50
45

30
25
20
15
10

magazines, ③ study sessions, ④ others and then5

relations magazines, ③ web site, ④ reports andOthersmeans”; ① explanatory meetings, ② public

Study sessions

as follows for the “desirable time of use of theWorkshop

Public relation
magazines

The order of the numbers of uses of the means is

Events0⑤ signature campaign in descending sequence.

Reports① explanatory meetings, ② public relations

35

Questionnaire

the “time the communication means was used”;

40

No. of users

numbers of uses of the means is as follows for

Desirable time of use ocommunication mea

then ⑤ deliberation councils in descending
sequence. For both the “time the communicationmeans was used” and the “desirable time of use

Figure 3 Number of uses of theof the communication means”, the uses of thecommunication means“explanatory meetings” and “public relations
magazines” are at the top and the second
respectively.

90
80

and

the

“desirable time of use of the means”. From thisfigure, it is known that the order of the phases of

100

use of the means is as follows for the “time thecommunication

means

was

used”;①

Time the communication means wasused
Desirable time of use of thecommunication means

After completion of constructin

used”

20

During construction

was

30

Designing

means

40

Fundamental planning

communication

50

Site acquisition

all the communication means for “time the60

Fundamental conception

phases of the project and total number of uses of70

Total no. of uses

Figure 4 shows the relationship between thefundamental planning phase, ② fundamental
conception phase, ③ construction phase andthen ④ planning phase in descending sequence.

Figure 4

The order of the phases of use of the means is asmeans in individual phases

Total of numbers of uses of thefollows for the “desirable time of use of the

Figure 5 shows the relationship between themeans”; ① fundamental conception phase, ②communication means and the number of uses offundamental planning phase, ③ site acquisition

the means for each phase of use for the “time thephasecommunication means was used”, and Figure 6

and

then

④

descending sequence.

construction

phase

in

shows

the

relationshipbetweentheAPLAS Sapporo 2008, The 5th Asian-Pacific Landfill Symposium
communication means and the number of uses ofthe means for each phase of use for the“desirable time of use of the communicationmeans”.

12

10

For the “time the communication means was8
64used”, the “explanatory meetings” is used in

Fundamental conception
OthersEvents“explanatory

Web sitestheSite acquisition
Study sessions

means”,

Fundamental planning
Explanatory meetings

communication

Designing
Citizens councils

For the “desirable time of use of theReports

magazines” is used.

After completion of construction
During construction
Workshoprelations

Deliberation councils“public

Signature campaign

theTelephone

Then,

Questionnaire

phase.

0

Public relation magazines

every

2

meetings” is used in every phase also. Then, the“public relations magazines” is used in every
phase also.

Figure 5“Deliberation councils” and “reports” show
similartendency

communication

Communication means andphase of use of the means vs no. of uses of the

for

both

the

“time

the

means for the “ time the communication

means

was

used”

and

the

means was used”“desirable time of use of the communicationmeans”. For the “desirable time of use of thecommunication means”, the use of the means is
expected in the “fundamental conception phase”

14
12
10

and

“designingphase”.

“Telephone”

8

and

6
4
2

Fundamental conception
Others

Web sites

Site acquisition
Study sessions

Workshop

EventsFundamental planning
Explanatory meetings

used in fact.

During construction
Designing
Citizens councils

Reports

Deliberation councils

After completion of construction
Signature campaign

use of the communication means”, they are not

Telephone

Public relation magazines“site acquisition phase” of “desirable time of

Questionnaire0“signature campaign” are highly expected in the

The “workshop” and “citizens councils” show
similartendency

communication

for

both

the

“time

the

means

was

used”

and

the

Figure 6

Communication means and“desirable time of use of the communication

phase of use of the means vs no. of uses

means”. As for the “phase of use of the means”,

of the means for the “desirable time of

the use of the means is expected in the process

use of the communication means”

from the “fundamental conception phase” to2) Purpose the communication means were used“fundamental planning phase”.

anddesirable

purpose

of

use

of

the

communication means
Figure 7 shows the relationship between thecommunication means and the number of uses of

APLAS Sapporo 2008, The 5th Asian-Pacific Landfill Symposium
the means for the “purpose the communication

numbers of uses of the means is as follows formeans were used” and the “desirable purpose of

the “desirable purpose of use of communication

use of the communication means”. From thismeans”; ① sharing of information, ② disclosure

figure, it is known that the order of the numbersof information, ③ solution of problems, andof uses of the means is as follows for thethen ④ collection of information in descending“purpose the communication means were used”;

sequence.

① explanatory meetings, ② public relations

communication means for both the “disclosure

magazines, ③ study sessions and then ③ othersof information” and “sharing of information” arein descending sequence. The order of thelarge for “purpose the communication means

numbers of uses of the means is as follows forwere used” and “desirable purpose of use of

the

the

communication means”. The number of uses ofcommunication means” in descending sequence.

communication means for the “collection of

The order of the numbers of uses of the means is

information” is the smallest for both “purpose

as follows for the “desirable purpose of use of

the communication means were used” andthe communication means”; ①“desirable purpose of use of communication“desirable

purpose

of

use

of

explanatoryThebi-directional communication means which isdeliberation councils and then ⑤ workshop in“sharing of information” or highly transparent

descending sequence. For both the ”purpose themeans which is “disclosure of information” iscommunication

desired, not a one way communication which isand ”desirable purpose of use of communication

the

use

of

magazines, ④ study sessions, ④ reports, ④

used”

that

uses

means”.

wereconsiderofmeetings, ② web site, ③ public relations

means

We

numbers“collection of information” only.

means”, the number of uses of the “explanatory
meetings” is the largest, and the number of usesof the “public relations magazines” is also large.

45

15
10
5

OthersEvents0Study sessions

means”. From this figure, it is known that the20

Workshop“desirable purpose of use of communication

25

Reports

the communication means were used” and30

Questionnaire

number of uses of the means for the “purpose

35

Public relation magazines

purpose of use of communication means and theNo. of uses

40

Figure 8 shows the relationship between the

Desirable time of use of thecommunication meansorder of the numbers of uses of the means is asfollows for the “purpose the communicationmeans were used”; ① disclosure of information,② sharing of information, ③ solution ofproblems and then ④ collection of informationin descending sequence. The order oftheFigure 7

Number of uses of thecommunication meansofAPLAS Sapporo 2008, The 5th Asian-Pacific Landfill Symposium
communication means” is used not equally
among the purposes.
Total no. of uses

100

The

90

“questionnaire”

is

used

for

the

80

“collection of information” and is expected

70
60
50

largely.

40
30

The

“deliberation

councils”

and20“signature campaign” are expected for “solution

10

Time the communication means wasusedof problems”. The “reports” is expected for the

Desirable time of use of thecommunication means

Solution of problems

Saring of information

Collection of information

Disclosure of information0“disclosure of information”. The “workshops”,“citizens councils” and “study sessions” show
similar tendencies for both the “purpose thecommunication

means

were

used”

and

Figure 8“desirable purpose of use of communication

Purpose of use of communication means

means”, and are expected for the “sharing of
information”.

Figure 9 shows the relationship between thecommunication means and the number of uses ofthe means for each purpose the communicationmeans were used, and Figure 10 shows the142

used most for every purpose. Then, “public

Sokution of problems
Sharing of information
Collection of information
Disclosure of information
Others

Web sites

Study sessions

Workshop

Events0

Explanatory meetings

were used”, the “Explanatory meetings” was4

Citizens councils

For the “purpose the communication means

6

Reportsmeans.

8

Signature campaign

desirable purpose of use of communication

10

Public relation magazines
Telephone
Questionnaire
Deliberation councils

and the number of uses of the means for eachNo. of uses

12

relationship between the communication means

relations magazines” is used for the purposes
limited to “disclosure of information” and“sharing of information”.
For

the

“desirable

Figure 9ofRelationship between the communication“explanatory

means and the number of uses of the means

meetings” is used relatively even for every

for each “purpose the communication means

purpose, but if the means for the “purpose thewere used”

communicationmeans”,

purposethecommunication means were used”

of

use

is comparedwith the means for the “desirable purpose of useof communication means”, the “explanatory
meetings” for the “desirable purpose of use of

APLAS Sapporo 2008, The 5th Asian-Pacific Landfill Symposium
C“I think it is necessary to be careful not to use

25

the communication means losing the substance.

No. of uses

20
15
10

Since it is especially difficult to obtain the5

Sokution of problems
Sharing of information
Collection of information
Disclosure of informationconsentonthe“troublemakingfacilities” such as the final disposal facilities, it
may be important to organize a communication

Others

Web sites

Study sessions

EventsCitizens councils

Explanatory meetings

Reports

Workshop

residents
Signature campaign

Questionnaire

Deliberation councils

Public relation magazines
Telephone0

means that allows promotion of compromise
between the government and residents and to
implement the means properly.

Figure 10
Relationship between the communicationmeans and the number of uses of the means

3.5

Discussions on the results of replies

for each “desirable purpose of use of

Of 42 questionnaires sent out to the CS disposal

communication means”

facilities into which the members of Research

Opinions expressed in the questionnaires

Committee of Closed System Disposal Facilities① Respondent involved in final disposal facility

were involved, we received 34 replies, which isA

as high as 81.4%. The request for reply to the

3.4“Organizing study sessions with participationquestionnaires was made through the membersof residents in addition to the explanatoryof Research Committee of Closed Systemmeetings to incorporate wide range of views

Disposalfrom the general public into the planning of

respondents include the project implementing

disposal facilities together with the residents asbodies and some respondents describes that theymuch as possible is one of elements that make it

conducted

easy to obtain the residents consent.”

implementing bodies. Thus, the result of the② Respondent involved in final disposal facility

replies can be ratable fairly as that of theBanalysis of the actual communication means.
“Sinceitisessential

todisclose

Facilities.

hearings

However,

with

the

the

actualprojecttheAn outstanding feature of the design of thismovements and jobs of the parties involved

questionnaire is that it receives replies within the disposal facility project and hearing ofregard to the communication means on the two

opinions and disclosure of information havepoints; the “time the communication means wasto be made fairly and impartially, it isused” and the “desirable time of use of thedesirable to use the methods of the disclosurecommunication means”. The questionnaire also

capable of informing the residents of thesurveysmatters well and to use the methods as little

communication means in individual phases ofas possible.”the project from “fundamental conception” to③ Respondent involved in final disposal facility

thenumber

of

uses

of

the

“after completion of construction” and for theAPLAS Sapporo 2008, The 5th Asian-Pacific Landfill Symposium
purposes of their uses including “disclosure of

why the numbers of respondents who replied

information”,

information”,

with “reports” or “deliberation councils” is“sharing of information” and “solution ofmuch is the fact that the respondents to thisproblems”.

questionnaire are those who are practically

Understanding that “time the communication

engaged with the project. The results of themeans was used” describes “actual time of use”

responses might be different if there was aand “desirable time of use of the communicationmeans to hear directly from the residents.

means” describes “desired time of use”, the⑤ The numbers of respondents that are much“collectionoffollowing conclusions are obtained.

for the “desired time of use” are those who① From the replies of ”actual time of use”, it

replied with “workshop”, “citizens councils” ,can be known that the “explanatory meetings” is“events”, or “study sessions”. This result

used in every phase actively.

demonstrates

thatbi-directional

Considering that the “CS disposal facilities

communication means are highly expected.

guide book” that is used in the research

The numbers of respondents who replied withactivities of the social acceptance working“workshop”, “citizens councils”, or “study

group

sessions” are much for the process from theisdesignedtoprovidebasic

information in the explanation meetings, it“fundamental

conception

phase”

tothewas confirmed that there is a place the guide“fundamental

planning

phase”,

andthebook can perform its roles sufficiently.

numbers of respondents who replied with

② “Explanatory meetings” and “public relations“events” are much for the process frommagazines” are used frequently in both ”actual“fundamental

time of use” and ”desired time of use”.

“construction phase” and “after completion of③ The numbers of respondents that replied withconstruction”.

the

“web

site”,“reports”

or“deliberation⑥

planning

phase”

to

The purpose of the “web site” that was

councils” for the “desired time of use” is more

selected by many respondents for the “desired

as compared with those for the “actual time oftime of use” is built up on the “disclosure ofuse”.

information”. This tendency may show the④ The numbers of respondents that replied withincrease of desire for new means such as IT

the “web site” is much in nearly all phases,
those that replied with the “report” is much in(Information Technologies).
⑦

For the “desired time of use”, many

“fundamental planning phase”, and those that

respondents replied with purposes including

replied with the “deliberation councils” is“disclosure of information” and “sharing ofmuch in “fundamental conception phase” andinformation”.

“fundamental planning phase”. The desired

For the number of respondents who replied

phase varies depending on the type of

with

the

communication

means

for

the

communication. It is thought that the reason

purpose of “disclosure of information”, thoseAPLAS Sapporo 2008, The 5th Asian-Pacific Landfill Symposium
who replied with “web site” is the most, andit seems that the “explanatory meetings” is used

then, “public relations magazines”, “reports”

actively, and will be used in the future.

and “study sessions” in this order.

In the places of explanatory meeting where those

For the number of respondents who replied

who make explanations and those who receivethethe explanations are present in the talks,

purpose of “collection of information”, thoseenormous amount of information including not

who

only literal information but also thoughts of both

with

the

communication

replied

with

means

for

“questionnaire”

andparties, their facial expressions, attitudes and“telephone” are much.
For the number of respondents who replied

others

can

be

known

bi-directionally

and

the

immediately. And thus, it is estimated that the

purpose of “sharing of information”, thosemutual exchange of such information advances

who

the situation to a new scene. Acceleration of

with

the

communication

replied“workshop”

with

and

means

“study“Citizensforsessions”,

councils”

areprogress of the situation can lead to speedy
solution of problems.

much.
For the number of respondents who replied

The purposes what the persons actuallytheengaged in the landfill projects desire are

purpose of “solution of problems”, those who“disclosure of information” and “sharing of

replied with “questionnaire” and “signature

information”, and thus, the communication

campaign” are much, and many respondents

means that are hoped are the ones that utilizes

described the “signature campaign” as a

IT and the workshop, and especially “ webmeans that outlines a path for concretesite” is hoped very much.

actions.

As

Although there is a reality that not so many

communication

with

the

communication

means

for

the

order

of

the

means

in

uses
the

of

the

future,thecommunication means are used for “actual time

information is disclosed through the meansof use” as compared with “desired time of use”,

that uses IT and/or workshop to the persons

from these results, it seems that the respondents

involved in the projects, and then, after theto the questionnaire who are the persons

residents obtain prior information to someengagedextent,withlandfill

projects

expectthetheexplanatory

meetings

usingutilization of “web site” for “disclosure ofinterviews is organized for freely exchanging

information” , and “workshop” or “citizens

ideas. In this way, we wish to set forward thecouncils” for “sharing of information”.

social acceptance of the landfills by deepening
mutual understanding between the project
implementing body and the local residents.

４ .CONCLUSION
According to the results of survey by thequestionnaire

to

the

memberofResearch

Committee of Closed System Disposal Facilities,

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This study is a part of results of the studies inAPLAS Sapporo 2008, The 5th Asian-Pacific Landfill Symposium2007 by the Closed System Disposal Facilities
Development and Study working group.

We express our appreciation to the following
members for their cooperation and lead.
Persons involved in the social acceptanceexamination working group: