Oct 26th, 2017
ADB Annual Meeting, Yokohama Youth EventToward“Livable Smart City”
Yokohama National University
Vice President, Dr. Eng
Fumihiko NAKAMURAInternational Urban & Community Planning Lab
Nanami AIZU / Takashi HIROSE
Transportation & Urban Engineering Lab
Gen HAYAUCHI / Nano YAMAGUCHIUrban Environment Planning Lab
Xiaoran TONG / Go YAMAGUCHIUrban Planning Lab
Yusuke ISHII / Megumi YASUEADB’s vision for Livable City
• Archetypical chaotic• Polluted• Inequitable• Competitive• Equitable• Environmentally sustainable

Key issues mentioned by ADB
TrafficcongestionEnvironmental
degradation

1

Inadequate urban
infrastructure

A lack of basic services
・water supply
・sanitation・waste management

Maintaining Vital economic growth
while creating sustainable livable cities for all
source: https://www.adb.org/themes/urban-development/adb-vision-livable-cities

“Smart City” as a component of “Livable City”“Path to Livability” by ADB
Inclusive city
Green city
Competitive city
Smart city
Resilient city

2

Affordable, Accessible
Resource optimization, low-carbon
Economic cluster development
ICT
Climate adaptation and mitigation

Safe city

Reduction in crime

Sponge city

Ecological balance

http://www.adbleadership.asia/sites/default/files/images/rn_singru_sustainableurbandev_23may2016.pdf

Livability

Our Key Issues
Not only from the technical points of view,also discussing on smart city

3

To Achieve Livability
will be important• Settlement• Environment• Mobility• Disaster prevention

Settlement

https://www.flickr.com/photos/asiandevelopmentbank/19970359640/in/album-72157632635221753/

Keywords for Sustainable Settlement
ADB’s Projects for Settlements

Infrastructure

Sanitation

Community

Aging Society

Land development

Housing and settlement upgrading

Finance Systemetc.

Discussion on

Upgrade of Settlements
Aging Society+ Food Habits

5For upgrading settlement from tangible side• ADB’s project（Transforming Poor Communities,Changing Lives in Bangladesh）

Constructing infrastructure

concrete drains, paved roads, electricity,
running water and toilets

6

Required perspective isArchitecture
space / structure /equipment

Considering user perspectives,Comfortable, Healthy, Eco-friendly, DurabilityEx) Slum Rehabilitation

will be significant.

Build low-cost housing• Variable space in view of future family type
• Equipment is easy to replace• Ecological footprint（ex. Making use of therooftop, Using of local materials）
Slum

Investment for Elderly Poor People
Asian countries will become the aging societies in the near future.

7Discussion about Aging Society by ADB• Economy: the effect on the society in general, the pension• Health: Universal Health Coverage

https://www.adb.org/publications/impact-population-aging-asias-future-growth
https://www.adb.org/news/speeches/promoting-universal-health-coverage-aging-asia-takehiko-nakao

Hardware such as slums is not mentioned much for elderly people.
The proposals for

elderly poor people living in slums
are necessary in the future.

Our Idea: Conditional Cash Transfers
Joining the seminar about
universal design

Education

Cash Transfers for reforming housings(removal of barriers)

Improvement

This project needs cheaper cost, and provides better
environment and interests in barrier-free.

https://pixabay.com/en/poverty-mansadness-means-tested-2075922/

ADB’s Vision

ADB’s projects

ADB supports many infrastructures

DevelopingCitysupport

Economic Transport

City Gateway

8ICT

Smart City × Habits
Utilities Livability

Safety Government

Because life style is not considered, it may not accompany the city change

Asian Food Habits
Street stalls support many people•••

Apprehension

Declining street stalls
Raising cost of living
Increasing the gap
between the rich and poor

Smart City

Food street in Malaysia

ICT + Asian Food Habits → Livable Smart City for Asia

the Environment

https://www.adb.org/themes/environment/mainthe Environment

http://maxpixel.freegreatpicture.com/Karabash-Air-Pollution-PlantDamage-Ecology-948037

https://c2.staticflickr.com/6/5635/22874298714_b9265478a5_b.jpg

Issues connected with
“Livable Smart City”
Urban Heat Island phenomenon
Air pollution
Renewable energy resources
Environmental protection
Environmental education

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Renewable_Energy_on_t
he_Grid.jpg

10

the Environment

Issues connected with
“Livable Smart City”
Air pollution

Environmental protection

Renewable energy resources

11

Smart Energy Model in China
Qingdao Smart Low-Carbon District Energy Project

12

https://www.adb.org/news/adb-help-prc-s-qingdao-cut-coal-create-smart-energy-use-model

ADB’s Vision• Heavily polluted air• Emitting CO2 heavily

Solve problems byintroducing renewableenergy use

ADB’s Efforts
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jimo,_Qingd
ao,_Shandong,_China_-_panoramio.jpg

Creating smart renewable energy networks in
Qingdao by ADB’s loan and consulting. (2015-2020)

Jimo in QingdaoSuggestions• Why Qingdao has chosen for this project?
Like Beijing must be chosen for this project.
More air polluted cities are in China must bechosen.
• During construction of similar project, existing
environment may be destroyed.

the Environment

Issues connected with
“Livable Smart City”
Environmental protection

Environmental education

13Human resource development
STRATEGY2020• Energy efficiency
improvement• Clean energy source
expansion of use• Reduction of greenhousegas emissions• Modernization of public
transportation system• Inhibiting the progress ofdeforestation

https://www.adb.org/ja/documents/strategy-2020-working-asia-and-pacific-free-poverty

ADB’s policy

14

ADB promotes sustainableinfrastructure and manages naturalresource.

http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/ourwork/developmentimpact/innovation/resources-for-innovation/innovation-blog-series-.html
https://www.adb.org/themes/environment/issues

Environmental education in Asian country must be needed.
Adults : To cultivate professional
Children : To know about environmental

This will lead to ADB’s purpose of “leadership”

Mobility

15

“Sustainable Transport Initiative” by ADB
Sustainable Transport Initiative (2010)
For the development of• Accessible• Safe• Environment-friendly• Affordable

transport systems

For sustainable transport,• Urban Transport• Addressing Climate Change in Transport• Cross-border Transport and Logistics• Road Safety and Social Sustainability

Issues mentioned by ADB• Safety on road traffic• Shift to railways, mass transit, NMT etc...
• Improvement of rural services & NMT• Integration of urban transport & land useetc…

> various important issues are mentioned

16

Keywords for mobility in smart cities

17

The strategy for the less dependence on cars

Utilizing & Improving the Existing Systems
Safe & Secure Pedestrian Spaces
Developing Livable Mid-size Cities

The strategy for the Less Dependence on Cars18

Too much car use causes

air pollutions, heavy traffic jam, and traffic incidents
Modal shift from car to public transportation is necessary
Construction of new public transportation
Increasing the number of new public transportation userfrom walk or non-motorized transportationfrom private car or motorcycle

Not decreasing the number of car user

Decreasing the number of car user

Points for Less Dependence on Cars
• Faster than car : priority strategy, exclusive lane
• Security• Comfortable access : environment to the station

Utilizing & Improving Existing Systems

19

For Affordable Cost & Quick Improvement,
Utilizing existing systems will be essential

in Mobility Field,

Utilizing Paratransit• widely used in Asian Cities• various & flexible services• intermediate system of bus & taxi
••••
••
•

As a feeder of MRT, BRT…
For mobility in CBD

Rickshaw in Thailand
Jeepneys in Philippines
Photos courtesy of Dr. Pattamaporn WONGWIRIYA“Sustainable transport initiative” by ADB (2010)
Mentioned paratransit system
not mentioned detail & not linked to practical projects

Utilizing & Improving Paratransit

Embodying the utilize of paratransit
Considering Connection with other modes (MRT, BRT…) in planning
Improvement present systems with ICT > for the “smart” systemSafe & Secure Pedestrian Spaces
Difficulty in using door-to-door modes (cars, motorcycles) for all trips

20• Special Limitation• Safety (accidents)• Environment• Social exclusion> Necessity of utilizing public transportation> Walking should not be ignored• To / From station or bus stop
• Short trip in district to houses, offices or facilities

••
•
•
•

“Sustainable transport initiative” by ADB
Mentioned pedestrian space
not mentioned detail & not linked to projects

Safe & Secure Pedestrian Spaces

Sidewalk in Bangkok

Embodying the improvement of pedestrian spaces
Considering pedestrian spaces in road construction or improvement PJ
Safety & Security should be first priority> toward walkable cities > toward livable cities

For Livable Mid-size Cities
Transportation Projects by ADB
roadhighway

Xi’an etc…

Afghanistan
India
Nepal
BhutanVietnam etc…

Publictransport

ColomboPeshawar etc…

DhakaHanoi
AstanaKarachi etc…

Uzbekistan
India
Bangladesh
Cambodia
Thailand etc…

intra-city

intra-city

inter-city
international

21

pedestrian(mid-size city)(Large/ Capital city)

Most Projects > for Large cities, Capital cities or inter-city scale“Livable Mid-size cities

Improving livability only in large/ capital cities > migration from mid-size cities> lead problems in large/ capital cities like overpopulation> to relieve this trend, improving livability in mid-size cities is essential

Learning from Good Practices
ADB’s learning from Good Practice / e.g. Curitiba, Brazil

22

Inducing high-rise building along bus
corridor
Plan by municipality & consigned
operation to private sector

Hierarchic bus network centering Bus
terminal with community facilities
PDCA (1974~around2000)
Pay in advance, bi-articulated vehicle

Worse comfort due to diminished qualityof driver
Inefficient controlling due to delayed
installing of telecommunication
technology
Less emphasis on PDCA since 2000

Gentrification along bus corridor & highincome residents do not use bus
Easing of regulation for parking lot
installing in CBD (2004)
Promotion of car owning & usage bygovernment• What should we learn from good practice?
• How should we tell it?

Disaster Prevention

https://www.flickr.com/photos/asiandevelopmentbank/17337409823/in/album-72157681959955955/

Disaster Prevention

Urban Infrastructure
and Communities&Preparation for
Disaster Prevention

24

Urban Infrastructure and Communities
Problems in South-East Asia Countries

25

https://www.adb.org/projects/49378-001/main#project-pds

ADB’s Vision

Urban Functions can’t catch up theincrease of population.

・Collapse of urban infrastructure
・Vulnerability on disasterSolutions from ADB by Loan

Provide more advanced infrastructure tostrengthen the city.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rues_de_Chittagon
g.JPG

Chaos City in Bangladesh

Suggestions
Developing hardware are important, but we must think
about software. There should be a gimmicks connects
infrastructures and area communities.

Urban Infrastructure and Communities
Gimmicks?

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:OSCAL_2016_-_presentations_and_workshops_10.jpg

http://www.445aw.afrc.af.mil/News/ArticleDisplay/Article/998170/445th-aes-conductscombat-water-survival-training/

26

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Navy_090720-N0807W050_Sailors_from_Fleet_Activities_Sasebo_pick_up_trash_and_debris_during_a_community_service_beautification_project.jpg

Community
Workshop on
Emergency andActivities
creating a city
evacuation training
Creating a City or Infrastructure together
Training
Self-help, Mutual-help, and Public help
Spiritand development on communities

Preparation for Disaster Prevention
Problemsin Asia

• Lack of enough shelter• Slum vulnerability
Population growth +Urban areas become more dangerous

https://www.flickr.com/photos/asiande
velopmentbank/17337449223

ADB’s projects
Seismic strengthening

Reconstruction support

Timeearthquakea week later

not supporting

How to survive until goods and supporters come?

If a huge natural disaster occurred ,would enough emergency food be prepared ?

27

Toward Livable Smart Cities

28

Views lead to “Livable Smart Cities”
Settlement• Building low-cost housing

Mobility••••Environment• Site-choosing for projects• Care for existing environment

Settlement• Investment for Elderly Poor People• ICT + Asian Food Habits

Disaster Prevention• Stockpile of foods, materials

Environment• Environmental education

Disaster Prevention• Connecting infrastructures and Area
Communities

Facilities
Infrastructure

SystemInstitution

Humanresource

The Strategy for less dependence on cars
Utilizing & improving the existing systems
Safe & secure pedestrian spaces
Developing Livable mid-size cities