ᰴ਎ઍ⿥ૐᶖ⾌㔚ജ䉴 䊌䉴䊷䊌䊷䉮䊮䊏䊠䊷䉺䈱ၮ␆ᬌ⸛䊮䊏䉺䈱ၮ␆ᬌ⸛

䋨Ⓑ⪲⃰䋩᧲੩ᄢቇ ᐔᧁ ᢘ䊂 䉺᷹ቯ ᴱ ਭା䊂䊷䉺᷹ቯᐔᚑ ᐕ ᦬ ᣣᐔᚑ23ᐕ3᦬5ᣣ
᧲੩ᄢቇ

GRAPE-DR project᭎ⷐ
1. CMOS䈱䊒䊨䉶䉾䉰䈪䈬䈖䉁䈪䈇䈔䉎䈎

2. ੩䇮GlueGene/Q䇮BlueWater䈏಴᧪䈧䈧䈅䉎⃻࿷

3. 䊂䊷䉺䈏␜䈜ᰴ䇱਎ઍ䉴䊷䊌䊷䉮䊮䊏䊠䊷䉺䈻䈱᭴ᗐ᧲੩ᄢቇ

GRAPE-DR projectGreen 500
1. ೋ䈱1Gflos/W ⿧䈋᧲੩ᄢቇ

GRAPE-DR projectGRAPE-DR䉲䉴䊁䊛ో᥊

GRAPE-DR project䊒䊨䉶䉾䉰䉼䉾䊒䈱䊐䊨䉝䊒䊤䊮䋨Grapep _weekly
y_meetingg_20050815.ppt䋩
pp
ODP module䉼䉾䊒ౝ౒᦭䊜䊝䊥

PLL & DFT module•

90nm CMOS
18mm 䌸 18mm••䊒䊨䉶䉾䉰䊑䊨䉾䉪䋨䋳䋲ⷐ⚛䊒䊨䉶䉾䉰䋩⚂4ం䊃䊤䊮䉳䉴䉺•᧲੩ᄢቇ

BGA ታⵝ
GRAPE-DR projectGRAPE-DR䊒䊨䉶䉾䉰••⿥ਗ೉䊒䊨䉶䉾䉰512⚵䈱64䊎䉾䊃Ṷ▚ེ䉕౒᦭䊜䊝䊥䈫䇮䊈䉾䊃䊪䊷䉪䈪ធ⛯– Ṷ▚ེ㑆䈱⋧੕ធ⛯䈱ឃ㒰– Reductionኾ↪䊈䉾䊃䊪䊷䉪䈱ၒ䉄ㄟ䉂䊨䊷䉦䊦䊜䊝䊥ᢛᢙṶ▚ᶋേዊᢙὐṶ▚䊙䉴䉪Ṷ▚䋵䋱䋲୘䈱Ṷ▚䊒Ṷ▚䊒䊨䉶䉾䉰䉰᡼ㅍဳ䊜䊝䊥䉝䉪䉶䉴䉼䉾䊒ౝ౒᦭䊜䊝䊥 䉼䉾䊒ౝ౒᦭䊜䊝䊥 䉼䉾䊒ౝ౒᦭䊜䊝䊥ReductionṶ▚䉼䉾䊒ౝ䊈䉾䊃䊪䊷䉪䉼䉾䊒ౝ䊈䉾䊃䊪䉪
I/O䊋䉴᳢↪䉰 䊋 䊜᳢↪䉰䊷䊋䈱䊜䊝䊥᧲੩ᄢቇ౒᦭䊜 䊥౒᦭䊜䊝䊥
GRAPE-DR projectGRAPE-DR䈏␜䈜ᕈ⢻㒢⇇• 90nm CMOS䇮 4ం䊃䊤䊮䉳䉴䉺䇮 18mm 㬍18mm• 512Gflops (single), 256Gflops (double)• Idleᤨ 30W, DGEMMᤨ 60W

᧲੩ᄢቇModule
Name

Color

grf0

red

fmul0

orange

fadd0

green

alu0

blue

lm0

magentaothersyellow

GRAPE-DR project૗䈏㔚᳇䉕ᶖ⾌䈚䈩䈇䉎䈎• fadd, fmul(Ṷ▚䋩• ᢛᢙ䇮䊧䉳䉴䉺䇮䊨䊷䉦䊦䊜䊝䊥
I/O䉟䊮䉺䊐䉢䊷䉴䇮ઁ䉴䇮ઁ• I/O䉟䊮䉺䊐䉢

15W䈒䉌䈇
30W䈒䉌䈇
15W䈒䉌䈇

• 䊧䉳䉴䉺䈱㔚ജ䈲⸳⸘䈏ᖡ䈎䈦䈢䊧䉳䉴䉺䈱㔚ജ䈲⸳⸘䈏ᖡ䈎 䈢• ᦨ⚳⊛䈮Ṷ▚䈲ᔅⷐ• Ṷ▚ེ

• 34 Gflops/W (single)• 17 Gflops/W (double)
᧲੩ᄢቇ

GRAPE-DR projectMoore’s law• 2x transistors on chip every 18 months– 0.7x
0 7x design rule• originally,gy, 2x transistors everyy yeary
• Now,, 2x transistors everyy 2 yearsy• And becoming 2x transistors every 3 years!

GRAPE-DR project13 ᐕ䈪 1/10

GRAPE-DR projectඨዉ૕䈱䉴䉬䊷䊥䊮䉫

GRAPE-DRIEEE Journal on Solid State Circuits, Vol.9256project– 268

Number of devices pper area
Performance per areaN2N3GRAPE-DRproject
Dennardet al,197

CMOS 䈱ᶖ⾌㔚ജ• ᶖ⾌㔚ജ = േ⊛㔚ജ + 㕒⊛㔚ജ• േ⊛㔚ജ = a C Vdd2 f + Isc Vdd– a : 䉴䉟䉾䉼䊮䉫₸– C : ኈ㊂– Vdd : ଏ⛎㔚࿶
– f : 䉪䊨䉾䉪๟ᵄᢙ о 1/Td where Td = ㆃᑧᤨ㑆– Isc : ⍴⛊㔚ᵹ• 㕒⊛㔚ജ = Ileak Vdd, where Ileak = 䊥䊷䉪㔚ᵹ

GRAPE-DR project

CMOS 䈱ᶖ⾌㔚ജ• 䈇䉐䈇䉐䈫㔍䈚䈇ᑼ䈏䈅䉍䉁䈚䈩䊶䊶䊶• 䈬䈉䉇䉌㊀ⷐ䈭䈱䈏– Vdd : ଏ⛎㔚࿶
– Vt : 䈚䈐䈇㔚࿶– Vdd – Vt 䉕ᄢ䈐䈒䈜䉎䈫䈾䈿✢ᒻ䈮㜞ㅦൻ– Vdd 䉕ᄢ䈐䈒䈜䉎䈫ੑਸ਼䈪േ⊛㔚ജ䈏Ⴧ䈋䉎– Vt 䉕ዊ䈘䈒䈜䉎䈫ᜰᢙ⊛䈮㕒⊛㔚ജ䈏Ⴧ䈋䉎ᜰᢙ㕒䈏Ⴧ• 䈫䈇䈉䈖䈫䈪䇮䉪䊨䉾䉪䉕ㅦ䈒䈜䉎䈫㔚ജ䉕㘩䈉• 㕒⊛㔚ജ䈱ૐᷫ Ј 䉳䊞䊮䉪䉲䊢䊮᷷ᐲૐਅ– SPARC64 VIII-䌦䌸 䋨੩䋩– BlueGene/Q䈬䈤䉌䉅 ૐ᷷಄ළ䈪 㕒⊛㔚ജ䉕䈾䈿䋰䈮䈜䉎– 䈬䈤䉌䉅䇮ૐ᷷಄ළ䈪䇮㕒⊛㔚ജ䉕䈾䈿䋰䈮䈜䉎
GRAPE-DR projectITRS 䈮䉋䉎⷗ㅢ䈚䈲

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

Metal 1 ½ pitch
(nm)

45

32

24

18.9

15

11.9

Vt (V)

0.289
EPbluk

0.291
EPbulk

0.221
UTB FD

0.202
MG

0.207
MG

0.219
MG

Vdd (V)

0 97
0.97

09
0.9

0 84
0.84

0 78
0.78

0 73
0.73

0 68
0.68

Power Density(W/mm2)

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1Pin count Max

4900

5300

5900

6500

7200

7900

Performance Onchip (GHz)

5.88

6.82

7.91

9.18

10.65

12.36

1417304050

Performance Chip- 10to-Board (Gb/s)

䋪 Isd,leak = 100 uA/um 䈮࿕ቯ䈚䈢䊂䉱䉟䊮䈮䉋䉎
ITRS 2009 Process, Integration, Design and System / Assembly and Packaging

GRAPE-DR project2018ᐕ䈱CMOS㒢⇇• 34Gflops/W(න), 17Gflops/W(୚) @ 90nm
• 2018ᐕ䈲15nm 䋨6਎ઍ䈅䈫䋩৻਎ઍ䈪㔚ജඨᷫ
਎ઍ䈪㔚ജඨᷫ
• 䉼䉾䊒᳓಄䈮䉋䉎䊥䊷䉪㔚ജ೥ᷫ䋨㔚ജඨᷫ䋩

• 10-77 䈱㔚ജૐᷫ䌀2018 Ј 128ಽ䈱1• 4.3Tflops/W䋨න䋩䇮2.2Tflops/W䋨୚䋩䈏⚻㛎⊛ᕈ⢻਄㒢
• GRAPE-DR䈠䈱䉁䉁䈪䈲䇮190Gflops/W
GRAPE DR䈠䈱䉁䉁䈪䈲 190Gflops/W• 䈅䈫䈲䇮᳢↪ᕈ䈫䈱䊃䊧䊷䊄䉥䊐
GRAPE-DR project⸘▚䈱㜞ㅦൻ䋨ᤨઍ䉕૞䈦䈢䉲䉴䊁䊛䋩FLOPS
BlueGene/Q

1E

BlueGene/L
1P

੩ASCI-RED
CM-5

1T࿾⃿䉲䊚䊠䊧䊷䉺

SR8000
NWT

Cray-2
1G

Cray-1

SX-2

CDC6600
1M

HITAC 8800
70

᧲੩ᄢቇ

80

90

2000

2010 2020

2030

2040

⷏ᥲ

GRAPE-DR project㔚ജല₸ൻ䈱ᱧผ㜞ㅦൻ䈱ᜬ⛯䈮ᔅⷐ䈭㔚ജല₸ൻ䈱ะ਄₸fl /Wflops/W
1P

BlueGene/Q
GRAPE-DR

1T
1G
1M

ㅦᐲะ਄₸䉋䉍ૐ䈇

BlueGene/L㔚ജല₸ൻ䈱ะ਄₸ASCI RED
Cray-2
Cray-1੩SX-8, ASCI-Purple,
HPC2500࿾⃿䉲䊚䊠䊧䊷䉺
VPP5000

1K
170

᧲੩ᄢቇ

8090

2000 2010

2020

2030

2040

⷏ᥲ

GRAPE-DR project䈖䈖䈎䉌ᧄ⺰• Ṷ▚ེએᄖ䈮䈬䈖䉁䈪䉣䊈䊦䉩䊷䈏ᛩ౉䈪䈐䉎䈎• ᳢↪䊒䊨䉶䉾䉰䈱䉣䊈䊦䉩䊷ല₸᳢↪䊒䊨䉶䉾䉰䈱 䊈䊦䉩 ല₸• ห৻ᦨᣂ䉸䊐䊃䉡䉢䉝ⅣႺ䈪䇮ㆊ෰䈱䉮䊮䊏䊠䊷䉺䉕᷹ቯ– NPB, SPEC CPU2006 (৻ㇱCPU2000)╬
GRAPE-DR project᷹ቯⅣႺ• ోㇱታᯏ
– Intel 386
386, 486
486, Pentium
Pentium, Pen Pro
Pro, ………. Corei7,Corei7 ATOM
–Itanium II– AMD Opteronp– SPARC Weitek 8701䇮microSPARCII, UltraSparc I, II, III– Alpha 21064, 21164, 21264(EV67)– MIPS R4000, R5000, R12000– Power Power5, Power6, PowerPC750, 970
– ARM
– HP
HP-PA 7100
– Motrola MC68328, MC68VZ328• ⌁䈦䈩䈇䉎ᣥᑼ⌁䈦䈩䈇䉎ᣥᑼ䊙䉲䊮ᄢ൐㓸ਛ䉲䊮ᄢ൐㓸ਛ
GRAPE-DR project䉸䊐䊃䉡䉢䉝• 䉮䊮䊌䉟䊤GCC䈍䉋䈶ICC 䋨ICC䈱ᣇ䈏㜞ㅦ䋩• Linux ਸ਼䉎㒢䉍ᣂ䈚䈇䊋ਸ਼䉎㒢䉍ᣂ䈚䈇䊋䊷䉳䊢䊮䉳䊢䊮• 䊔䊮䉼䊙䊷䉪– SPEC CPU2006– SPEC CPU2000ฎ䈇䊒䊨䉶䉾䉰䈪䈲䊜䊝䊥ਇ⿷⊒↢㕖Ᏹ ฎ㕖Ᏹ䈮ฎ䈇䊒䊨䉶䉾䉰䈪䊜䊝䊥ਇ⿷⊒↢䉾䉰䊥ਇ⿷⊒ฎౖ⊛MIPS᷹ቯวᚑ䊔䊮䉼䊙䊷䉪NAS Parallel BenchmarkLRಽ⸃䇮FFT䇮ᢛᢙ䉸䊷䊃䇮EP(ੂᢙ䋩MG(䊙䊦䉼䉫䊥䉾䊄䋩 CGᴺ ADIᴺ
MG(䊙䊦䉼䉫䊥䉾䊄䋩䇮CGᴺ䇮ADIᴺ– SPEC䈲䇮ㅢ䉎䈣䈔䈪㕖Ᏹ䈮ᄢᄌ䋨䉮䊮䊌䉟䊤䈏䈭䈎䈭䈎ㅢ䉌䈭䈇䋩– Dhrystone– NPB

GRAPE-DR project᧲੩ᄢቇ

GRAPE-DR projectᶖ⾌㔚ജ䈫ᕈ⢻• 䉝䉟䊄䊦ᤨ䈫Dhrystone 䋱䉴䊧䉾䊄䉕ታⴕਛ䈱ᶖ⾌㔚ജ䉕᷹ቯ• ࿑ਛ䈲ో䈩ታⴕਛ䈱㔚ജ• 䊜䉟䊮䉴䊃䊥䊷䊛 䋽 Core2Duo, Corei7╬• Low Power 䋽 ATOM,ATOM ARM╬

᧲੩ᄢቇGRAPE-DR project᧲੩ᄢቇ

GRAPE-DR projectᄖᝌ䋺2018ᐕ䈱䊒䊨䉶䉾䉰•

100GIPS

10GIPS•Low Power

Main Stream2015

᧲੩ᄢቇ

2018䉁䈪䈮㔚ജല₸䈏
12୚ᡷༀ
Low Power䈲MainStream䉋䉍4୚ല₸⊛•⋡ᮡᕈ⢻䈲100୚ะ਄•Ꮕ䈲䇮ടㅦ₸䈱Ⴧᄢ䈮
⋥⚿

2020

2025

GRAPE-DR projectᶖ⾌㔚ജ䉁䈫䉄• 2018ᐕ䈮 Eflopsታ⃻䇮㔚ജ2୚એਅ䉕઒ቯ• 10ᐕ䈪50୚䈱ല₸ะ਄ Ј 50Gflops/W50Gfl /W• ᳢↪䉮䉝䈲䇮⚂12୚䈱ല₸ะ਄• Green500䉫䊤䊐䈎䉌䇮2018ᐕ䉁䈪䈮50୚䈱ല₸ะ਄䈏ታ⃻䈜䉎䈲䈝• E Flopsታ⃻䈮䈲䇮ടㅦ₸䈱ะ਄䈏ᔅ㗇ታടㅦ₸ ะ 䈏ᔅ䋨10୚䈒䉌䈇䋿䋩᧲੩ᄢቇ

GRAPE-DR projectᶖ⾌㔚ജ ⚿⺰• ᶖ⾌㔚ജ䈲20ᐕ䇮✢ᒻ䈮਄᣹䈚䈩䈇䉎• ᕈ⢻䈏ᜰᢙ㑐ᢙ⊛䈮䈛䉊䈉䈚䉊䈉䈚䈩䈇䉎䈱䈪䇮ᕈ⢻䈏ᜰᢙ㑐ᢙ⊛䈮䈛 䈉䈚 䈉䈚䈩䈇䉎䈱䈪
Performance/Watt䉅ᡷༀ䈚䈢• ᕈ⢻䈱਄᣹₸䈲ਅ䈏䈦䈩䈐䈩䈇䉎• ᕈ⢻䈱ะ਄એ਄䈮䇮ᕈ⢻䋯㔚ജ䉕ᡷༀ䈜䉎䈢䉄䈮䈲䇮ᓥ᧪䈱䊒䊨䉶䉾䉰䈪䈲㚝⋡• 䉝䉪䉶䊤䊧䊷䉺䈱ᔅὼᕈ᧲੩ᄢቇGRAPE-DR project䉁䈫䉄• ੹ᓟ䇮䉝䉪䉶䊤䊧䊷䉺䈱ടㅦ₸䉕10୚એ਄䈮䈚䈭䈇䈫ExaFlops䈲ήℂ• GRAPE-DRᛛⴚ䈱㔚ജ䈲᧦ઙ䉕ḩ䈢䈜䈏䇮૶䈇䉇䈜䈘䊶ല₸䉕ᡷༀ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏ᔅⷐ• ੹ᐕ䈲ᛛⴚ䈱ᛠី䇮਄㒢ല₸䈱᷹ቯ• ᧪ᐕᐲએ㒠䈲䇮䉮䊮䊏䊠䊷䊁䉞䉪䉴䈫䈚䈩૶䈋䉎䉝䊷䉨䊁䉪᧪ᐕᐲએ㒠䈲䇮 䊮䊏䊁䉞䉪䉴䈫䈚䈩૶䈋䉎䉝 䉨䊁䉪䉼䊞䈱ᬌ⸛䈫䋨ઁ䈪੍▚䈏䈫䉏䉏䈳䋩ታ⃻• 䈍䉁䈔– SandyBridge䉕૶䈋䈳䇮BlueGene/Qਗ䉂䈱㔚ജല₸䈲ታ⃻– ฎ䈇䉮䊮䊏䊠䊷䉺䉕䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯േ䈎䈭䈒䈩䉅⋥䈚䉁䈜᧲੩ᄢቇ

GRAPE-DR project