World Education Research Association 2019: Focal Meeting in Tokyo; 06 August 2019

A New Strategy for STEM Learning ina Changing Society: Focusing on theUndergraduate Program

Chairs: T. Hosokawa (Hokkaido Univ.), R. Yamada (Doshisha Univ.)
Discussant: M. Ogasawara (Hokkaido Univ.)Development and Educational practice of
STEM as a Contemporary Liberal Arts
SubjectAction Assignment(2017~2018 academicyear) by the Japan Association for Collegeand University Education(JACUE)² Representative : T. Hosokawa²Activity Policy
Text Publishing (e-Publishing)
Survey of overseas activities
Publication of class examples (on the JACUEwebsite)Study of the philosophy and introduction
method of STEM education adapted to Japan

Background of this activity
At present, as a global movement, in higher education, strengthening ofscience and technology education from a new perspective is being
started. In particular, in the United States, ladders for STEM (Science,Technology, Engineering, and Mathematic) movement are being
conducted on a national scale. Education and learning technology isdeveloping and spreading to acquire not only specialized knowledge but
also the ability to apply it to problem discovery, analysis and solution.
Focusing on this trend, the JACUE will partner with AAC & U tointroduce new teaching and learning methods from FY2015. In addition,
I would like to focus on developing a course in a bachelor's degree
course where science and technology related fields and humanities andsocial fields cooperated, taking advantage of the characteristics of thissociety of having members in various specialized fields. Furthermore, it
may be considered that the field of practical science, which is a feature ofJapanese universities, will be liberal arts, for example, in the form ofintegrated engineering, and it will be one of the pillars of future
undergraduate courses.2016, 38th Annual Meeting Lunchtime SessionBackground of this activity
U.S.A.
In the 2012 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), therankings of "mathematical applied powers" in the United States were from25th to 31st, and "scientific applied powers" from 20th to 24th in 2009,"Reading ability" dropped from 11th to 21st.
President Obama submitted the STEM 5-Year Plan for Education in 2013
(Committee on STEM Education, 2013). As a result, $ 3.1 billion was recorded
for STEM education in FY2016.
The objects are1. Increase in the number of STEM students, 2. Eliminationof racial disparities, 3. Elimination of gender disparities, 4. Elimination ofdisparities with foreign students, 5. Increase in learning achievement, 6.
Improvement of education system
Association of American Colleges and Universities (AAC&U)American
Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) came to take STEM as anissue at the annual conferenceAAC & U promotes the development of human networks such as the“Kaleidoscope Project”, supporting minority students and teachers,
improving curricula, developing cross-disciplinary and interdisciplinary
subjects, developing related guidelines and tools, etc. More than 10 STEM
related projects are implemented.

Background of this activity
Eu and England
STEM education is focused, and four recommendations and reports havebeen made in the last 20 years.
JapanJapan enacted the Science and Technology Basic Act in 1995, and a 5-yearbasic plan in science and technology, which starts in 1996, has been
submitted for five periods.
The purpose of the basic plan of fifth period (2016~2020) is (1) creation of
future industry and social change, (2) response to economic and social issues,(3) strengthening of fundamental power, (4) construction of a virtuous
circulation system of human resources, knowledge and funds

Goal of this activity
Based on the situation in the world, we will consider how to incorporate
STEM education into modern Japan's higher education and support it ifpossible.
In order to introduce STEM education at each university in Japan, it isdesirable to have an opportunity to refer to the preceding concrete examples.
We, introduced "Teaching tips (TT) construction as a concrete introduction
example of new STEM education".
 received materials (text, syllabus, lesson method, problems, evaluationmethod) from the university that has already conducted STEM education,and published it on the website of JACUE along with its significance.
We investigated the reality of STEM education in North America and EUcountries.
Unlike in previous researches, we reported them using Web of JACUE.

Results of this activity
We developed and published the text.
We recruited class examples and made thempublic.
We reported the cases of STEM education inforeign countries.
We introduced the results at conferences,
research meetings and symposia of JACUE.

Text publication      
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Chapter 1 : What is Natural Science?
1
Chapter 2 : Order in the natural world7
Chapter 3 : Newton's Law
13
Chapter 4 : Energy
23
Chapter 5 : The law of heat and thermodynamics 31
Chapter 6 : The power of magnetism and electricity 39
Chapter 7 : Fusion of electricity and magnetism andelectromagnetic wave
46
Chapter 8 : Light and Relativity
54
Chapter 9 : Atom and Bohr's Model
64
Chapter 10: The World of Quantum Theory andPeriodic Table
71
Chapter 11: Chemistry and Chemical Bonding
79
Chapter 12: Carbon Chemistry and Chemical Reactions 89
Chapter 13: Nature of matters and modern materials
101
Chapter 14: Nuclear Power
110
Chapter 15: Basic Law of Power and Matter
121
Chapter 16: Astronomy and Star Evolution
131
Chapter 17: Cosmology
140
Chapter 18: Solar System
146
Chapter 19: The Revolution of Science, Plate Tectonics
153
Chapter 20: Strategies of Creatures
163
Chapter 21: Chemistry of life forms
173
Chapter 22: Cells
180
Chapter 23: Mendel and the Law of Genetics
188
Chapter 24: Function of Gene
195
Chapter 25: Gene regulation and genome
200
Chapter 26 Natural Selection and the Evolution of Life 206
Chapter 27: The mystery of the evolution of life
211
Chapter 28: The World of Organic Chemistry
220
Chapter 29: The science of the environment
228
Chapter 30: Environment and Human238

Text Publication
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Educational Policy Across the World: How STEM
Disciplines Deal with Twenty-First Century Learning
Outcomes and Challenges. Yamada, Reiko
STEM and the History of the University Ranking
Movement: Contextualizing Trends in Methodologies andCriteria. Stevenson, William R., III
STEM and Underrepresented Populations: What’s at Stake.
Ivory, Tristan
Developing Global Competencies ThroughInterdisciplinary Studies: Why Collaboration Is Important
Between STEM and Non-STEM Students. Yamada, Aki
STEM Education in a Changing Society: JapaneseExperience and Urgent Problems to Be Solved. Ogasawara,Masaaki

class examples
Release in Web
Hisao Suzuki
Mitsuru Kawazoe
Joji Goto
Hosokawa ToshiyukiJun Saito

Reports in JACUE meeting2016 spring (Round table)
Hisao Suzuki : AAC & U Annual Meeting Report in Washington DC
Tetsusuke Hayashi: "Joint general education" started by three universities with different fields ofscience, humanities and medicine
Reiko Yamada: Stanford University's Bing Overseas Studies Program (BOSP) with the aim ofstudying one to two semesters abroad and experiencing internship.
Tetsuya Takahashi : "Basic mathematics" which is required for students with humanities
background2016 Autumn (Action Assignment Meeting) Mitsuru Kawazoe: Teaching Tips for Mathematics Literacy Subjects Required for Modern People
Takashi Hata: STEM Education and Liberal Arts-What is Required for Contemporary Liberal ArtsEducation?
 Reiko Yamada : How should 21st Century Liberal Arts be incorporated into STEM Higher
Education? : Global Competency and Challenges of STEM Higher Education
2016 Autumn  International symposium  Hisao Suzuki : International Comparison of STEM Education between Japan and the United Statesand Attempt of Integrated Science Class Mitsuru Kawazoe: Teaching Tips for Mathematics Literacy Subjects Required for Modern People Discussion: A perspective on STEM education research by international collaboration

Translated by T.H.

Reports in JACUE meeting2017 Feb. (Symposium)
Jun Saito: Improvement of systematic STEM education by AAU STEM Initiative and report of
University of Colorado Boulder
Wakeman Kevin and Zhou Bo Report of AAC&U STEM Education Meeting 2016
Osamu Seto: Liberal Arts Education at QUEST University of CanadaKeiichiro Yoshinaga : Educational Innovation at Orin University of Technology
2017 spring (Round table)
Hisao Suzuki : Trial of Integrated Science Course "Science Training Course Starting fromZero”
Saito Jun: The practice of improving universal STEM education at the University of Colorado
Boulder
Yoshiko Saito: STS (Science, Technology and Society) Education
Kiyoshi Yoshinaga: Department of Physics, University of Cambridge and Zurich Institute ofTechnology (ETH)2017 Autumn (Action Assignment Meeting)
Joji Goto: Development and Practice of Mathematics Literacy Subjects-Efforts as Common
EducationReiko Yamada : A New STEM Program for Humanitarian Fusion: Focusing on Cases inSingapore, the United States and Japan
Hisao Suzuki : Report on AAC & U STEM MeetingReports in JACUE meeting2018 Feb.SymposiumTransforming Undergraduate STEM Education in JapanJun Saito: Active Learning in AsiaMasako Hosaka : Implications for STEM Education from Research on the Learning
Experience of Female Students
Fujio OmoriDiscipline Based Education Research
Keiichiro Yoshinaga: International Comparison of STEM Education Reform
Sachiko Tosa: A Lesson Study for Active Learning in University Physics in Japan and theUnited States
Hisao Suzuki : Report on AAC & U STEM Education Meeting 20172018 Mar. The 23rd FD Forum (Kyoto Sangyo University / Organizer / University Consortium
Kyoto Consortium Kyoto) 4th Subcommittee
Design and operation of a cross-cutting program to support science literacy-statisticaleducation, integrated science experiment, and practice exchange site modelCoordinator: Yoshio Ueno, Reporter: Jun Saito, Norihiro Nakamura, Hiroshi Yadohisa
2018 spring (Round table)
Keiichiro Yoshinaga : Report on the 2018 AAAS Annual Conference
Jun Saito: Active Learning in STEM Education in Asia
Masami Isoda: Problems on connection to university STEM education from the viewpoint ofmathematics education
Noriko Noguchi : Science communicator training education programReports in JACUE meeting2018 Autumn (Action Assignment Meeting)
Reiko Yamada : Meaning and Problem of Fusion of Humanities and Sciences in STEM
Education
Yoichiro Miyamoto : English and America in the STEM Education Period
Yuki Nakamura: Science Curriculum at UC Berkeley ~ Based on the real experience of theDepartment of Chemistry ~Hisao Suzuki: Report on AAC & U STEM Meeting 20182019 Feb. (Symposium) 2019 Transforming Undergraduate STEM Education in JapanJun Saito: Physics Education at a Major University in East Asia: a Survey of China, Taiwan, andKorea
Satoru Takagi: Integral and Integral Materials of Multivariate Functions for Science andEngineering Students
Reiko Yamada : Trends in STEM Higher Education Policy and Humanitarian Programs: From a
Comparative Perspective
Norihiro Nakamura: Society and Natural Science Spinning on Big History: As an Example ofIntegrated Science
Atsushi Haruna: STEM education from the viewpoint of university management
Masaaki Ogasawara: STEM Education Reform as a Science RenaissanceStatus of STEM Education in the United States
Goals of STEM education under the Obama administration ($ 3.1 billion in 2016)(1) Increase in the number of STEM students, (2) Elimination of racial disparities, (3)Elimination of gender disparities, (4) Elimination of disparities with foreign students,(5) Increase in learning achievement, (6) Improvement of education system
Those who received a master's degree in the US STEM field in 2015 were up
6% from the previous year. In addition, while the number of master's degree
doctoral degrees in science and engineering majors decreased in the UnitedStates during the period of 2008 ~ 14, foreign students increased by 35%. (2)and (3) of the five-year goals have not been resolved. That is, it is difficult toachieve goals other than (1) and (6).
In September 2017, President Trump signed a presidential decree instructingthat STEM and computer science be given $ 200 million annually for K-12programs and universities with emphasis on education items (Washington Post,2018). It seems that STEM education is considered important even in the newadministration.
In Japan, the Science and Technology Basic Plan has entered its fifth term, and it
is expected that, particularly in higher education, the training of talented
scientists and engineers and the training of the basic skills necessary for STEM
related fields are expected.
In connection with this, programming will be incorporated into primary andsecondary education from FY2020.

Today’s presentation
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M. Ogasawara, T. Hosokawa, A. MiyamotoHokkaido University("(' )($#'#!$&!&$!"'M. KawazoeOsaka Prefecture University$!$ #(&(#%%&$# & )($## %##(("%(# $ $#*&'(,
H. SuzukiHokkaido University "%$&(#$ #(&'%!#&,'%('$#*&'(,&$&"'
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R. YamadaDoshisha University

Thank you