Municipal Solid Waste Management System----A case study in ShangHai
盧Instructor: 氷鉋Keyword：

克宇 （ロコクウ）Lu Keyu, University of TSUKUBA

揚四郎HIGANO YOSHIRO; YABAR MOSTACERO HELMUT FRIEDRICH

Municipal Solid Waste，Scenario，Weighting，RDF，Bio-Treatment,Incineration,

Landfill

ABSTRACTWith the rapid development of economy and population, Municipal Solid Waste in Shanghai was augmenting daily. The
reported generation of MSW was 7million tons in 2007. Treatment and Dispose of MSW had became an imperative problemfor Shanghai. Currently, there were many problems of MSW Treatment system, 53% were treated in sanitary landfill, 16% inincineration, 10% in composting, 21% in unsanitary landfill, with no RDF, and less recycling. The waste were only collectedwith brief classify and even transported mixed and the major problem was that carbon dioxide were released with a gigantic
volume in current system. This paper proposed 5 types scenarios through Waste Management Assessment Model to analyze
the combustibles cost, recyclables cost, collection cost, transport cost, and also analyzed environmental impacts, calculated
the impact weighting, compared which scenario were most appropriated in ShangHai.

1.Introduction

1.4 Current Disposal

1.1 The current classification model

As Fig.1 showed, in 2007(waste amount was about 7,020,000t)
there were 53% amount of waste in ShangHai treated in sanitary
landfill, 16% in incineration, 10% in composting, 21% in
unsanitary landfill, with no RDF, and less recycling.
Because of the great generation of waste was exceeded thelandfill capacity, they did Unsanitary landfill in 2007.

The classification of MSW in ShangHai were started at 1995,and adjusted several times, like ”Organic, Inorganic, Hazardous,Nonhazardous”;”Solid, Moist, Hazardous”;”glass, combustible,hazardous” etc.
Since 2007, Shanghai began to implement four classification
modes. That Residential area classified "hazardous waste, glass,recyclable materials, and other waste"; In enterprises, established toimplement "hazardous waste, recyclable materials, and other waste";In public they classified with "recyclable Materials, other waste";
addition of food waste, bulky waste, construction Building waste,
disposable plastic food containers for divided disposal.

1.2 Coverage
At present, the amount of settlement in Shanghai implementedgarbage four categories have reached 3738; 2471 enterprises
implemented garbage three categories; implemented garbage twocategories of public places are including: Nearly 200 roads, parks
and 380 bus stops.

Fig.1 Disposal Percentage of MSW in 2007.

2. Problems
1.3 Current Transportation

2.1 Capacity of treatment facility

Sanitation units according to the actual situation to configuretransportation vehicles and set transit point to operate wastes’
collection and transportation. There are 79 vehicles and 54 transit
points in motion now.

Table.1 showed the amount of current treatment facility, with 3
landfill centre, 2 incineration facilities and only 1 bio-treatment
facility. So the capacity of landfill is 2,427,250tons/year,730,000tons/year for incineration and 365,000tons/year for1

bio-treatment. Connect to Fig.1, we know many facilities arerunned over their capacity.

landfill
incineration
Bio-treatment

AmountTreatment(tons/day)

32
1

10000
3000
1500(Table.1), and in 2007 there was 10% (702,000 tons from Fig.1)
waste were treated with BIO way, because beside one
Bio-treatment center there were many communities built their own
composting point. And in Bio-treatment center, they dealt theOrganic waste in two ways: composting and gasification, 3.11% ofgarden waste were treated with composting way.
Although we knew there were 11.82% of paper, 9.98% of plastic
5.36% of glass, 0.98% of metal, but only little part were recycled
by social communities and the rest part were delivered to landfill
center or incineration center, because ShangHai government had noMaterial Recovery Facility in 2007.

Table.1 Treatment Facility(2007)

2.2 Lacking operability“Environment protection” is one of China’s national policy. So asa part of Environment protection measure, MSW treatment are
expressly embodied in many laws such as 《 Environmental
Protection Law of the People's Republic of China》; 《Solid waste
pollution prevention law of People's Republic of China》; 《Cityappearance and environmental sanitation regulations》.etc.
But whether it is state law or local ordinances, the point is thatlacking of detailed regulations about how to classify, how to collectand dispose, the main responsibility for classification is not clear,and local laws and regulations does not rise to the legal level, all ofthese caused poor operability to protect environment.

Organic
3.11%

Paper

21.12%
45.43%

Plastic
11.82%

9.98%

0.98%

3. Method

5.36%

Glass

MetalConbustable
Garden3.1 Sample
Fig.2 proportion of waste in 2007
The population in Shanghai at 2007 was 18.58millon, and from
Table.2, the waste generation in 2007 was 7.02million tons,including 58.76% of Organic, 12.82% of paper. 13.98% of plastic,
5.36% of glass, 4.41% of textiles, 0.98% of metal,1.49% of otherwaste.

YearWaste
Generation(millionton/year)

20032004

2005

2006

2007

5.85

6.10

6.22

6.58

7.02

Growth rate(%)

—4.27

1.96

5.78

6.68

3.2 Scenario
This paper proposed 5 types scenarios through Waste
Management Assessment Model to analyze the combustibles cost,
recyclables cost, collection cost, transport cost, and also analyzed
environmental impacts, calculated the impact weighting, comparedwhich scenario were most appropriated in ShangHai.

Table.2 waste generation from 2003~2007

We surveyed the proportion of waste in 2007 of ShangHai, themost part was combustible waste occupied 45.43% at all, it means
3,189,186 tons combustible waste were generated in 2007. Table.1
showed the incineration capacity was 1,095,000tons/year only, therest combustible waste was went to Landfill.
1,482,624 tons Organic waste occupied 21.12% of the proportion,
but the BIO-treatment capacity was only 547,500 tons/year

Fig.3 scenario 1
Scenary I is the current disposal and recovery flow, collectedwith mixed way and need secondary collection, and go to2

Bio-treatment center Incineration center and landfill center,recovered Energy and fertilizer.

ash to landfill.

Fig.7 Scenario VScenario V would cost more, after sorted collection, recyclable
waste goes to Material Recovery Facility to get material, Organic
waste goes to Bio-treatment facility to get fertilizer and methane,than rest waste goes to Incineration.

Fig.4 Scenario II
Scenario II suggested Dry/Wet collection to decrease thecollection cost and make higher operability. Dry waste go withRefuse Derived Fuel to get RDF materials and wet waste all goes toIncineration to get energy and the ash goes to landfill.

4. Future work
After these 5 scenarios, we should use a soft namedINTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT MODEL (IWM-2) tocalculate collection cost, transport cost, treatment cost, final
disposal cost, and get scenario total cost.
In another hand, we also should get the human impact andenvironmental impact: climate change gas emission, acidification
potential, human toxicity, landfill use.
And use all of these dates to calculate and compare the weighingof impact categories of 5 scenarios, and carry out which scenario is
most appropriated in ShangHai.

Fig.5 Scenario III
Scenario III also use Dry/Wet collection. Like scenario II Drywaste are dealt with RDF to get material, but in Wet waste,
Organics are dealt with a better way, it goes to Bio-treatment centerto get fertilizer and methane, the rest waste goes to Incineration andtake the ash to landfill center.

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Fig.6 Scenario IV
Scenario IV supposed sorted collection. This kind of collection
would cost more money and hard to operate, but scenario IV canrecycle material and recycling means consummating sustainablesocial. The rest waste goes to incineration to get energy and take3