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The Rhagionidae of China (Diptera)Ding YANG 1), Chi-kun YANG 1) and Akira NAGATOMI 2)

Abstract

The Chinese Rhagionidae is revised. It contains 9 genera and 82 species of which 20 are described in this paper
as new to science.
Key words: Taxonomy, Rhagionidae, China, 9 genera and 82 species, 20 new species.

Introduction
The principal aim of this paper is to introduce in English the Chinese Rhagionidae mostof which were described by C.YANG & D.YANG (1989, 1990a, 1990b, 1991,
1992, 1993a, 1993b, 1993c) and D.YANG & C.YANG (1989, 1991, 1992) in Chinese language. We have recognized 9 Chinese genera: Arthroceras, Chrysopilus, Desmomyia,
Litoleptis, Ptiolina, "Spatulina", Symphoromyia, Rhagina, and Rhagio. Here, 20 species areadded to the fauna of China as new to science. It is certain that many undescribed species
wait discovery.
One of the most important specific characters in Rhagionidae is colouration of various
parts of the body, but the colouration tends to change from yellow to black when the specimen had gotten a wetting before killing, for example. It must be noted that checking original colouration is necessary, when the material in good condition is gained in some species
described by us.
The abdomen not macerated in KOH solution is illustrated in many species. This roughlyshows the relative abdominal width or length which may vary with species, besides thepresence or absent of spots.
The type specimens of Rhagionidae described by us or some of us in this paper or in thepast are deposited in China Agricultural University. Some paratypes (2♂♂, 1♀) of
Desmomyia sinensis D.YANG et C.YANG will be preserved in Kagoshima University,
Kagoshima.

1) Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
2) c o Laboratory of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890, Japan

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Family Rhagionidae
Diagnosis. Male eyes usually contiguous, female eyes widely separated; male facets
usually larger dorsally. Clypeus strongly convex. Antenna variable in shape. Proboscis welldeveloped and usually fleshy. Palpus 1 or 2 segmented. Wing: vein C continuing aroundwhole wing margin; Rs arising well before base of discal cell; discal cell sometimes absent;
R5 ending near or beyond wing apex; anal cell open or closed. Male genitalia: Tergite 10
and sternite 9 present or absent according to genus; ejaculatory apodeme well developed;aedeagal complex covered with aedeagal sheath. Female cercus usually 2 segmented, with
first segment (except in Ptiolina and Spania) expanded ventro-laterally.
Remarks. Nineteen genera and about 500 species have been described throughout theworld. From China 9 genera and 82 species are now known. Of them 2 remain undescribed,
and 1 is described but no name is given to it.
Literature: BEZZI (1907, 1912, 1926); BRUNETTI (1920); FREY (1954); JAMES (1965,1968); JAMES & TURNER (1981); LEONARD (1930); LINDNER (1925); MAJER (1988); M
ALLOCH(1932); NAGATOMI (1975, 1977, 1982, 1996); NAGATOMI &EVENHUIS (1989); OLDROYD (1969); PARAMONOV (1962); ROZKOS NY & SPITZER(1965); STUCKENBERG (1965, 1980); SZILADY (1934a); VERRALL (1909); WOODLEY(1989).
Key to genera of Chinese Rhagionidae
1.

2(1).
3(2).

4(1).
5(4).

Flagellum with an unsegmented style or thick prolongation or flagellum sword- or
willow leaf-like; metapleuron bare; female cerci in Ptiolina and Spania widely
separated from each other, with segment 1 not dilated (it is not yet studied in
Litoleptis) ……………………………………………………… Spaniinae ……… 2
Flagellum with a slender arista or, flagellum subulate and annulated; metapleuron
haired; female cerci contiguous with each other, with segment 1 dilated outward
Rhagioninae ……… 4
Discal cell present; tibial spurs 0 2 0 ………………………………………… 3
Discal cell absent; tibial spurs 0 0 0 ………………………………… Litoleptis
Clypeus extending to antennae or mid-upper face flat; upper eye margin almost
straight; mid tibial spurs short and inconspicuous; palpus usually shorter than face……………………………………………………………………………… Ptiolina
Mid-upper face (surrounded by parafacials and clypeus) deeply sunken; occiput
above neck strongly concave and upper eye margin Y-shaped; mid-tibial spurs longand conspicuous; palpus long and extending to antennae; [based on 1 ♂ ofsinensis] ………………………………………………………………… "Spatulina"
Flagellum subconical ……………………………………………………………… 5
Flagellum kidney-shaped …………………………………………… Symphoromyia
Hairs on metapleuron present on posterior part as well as anterior part; tibial spurs

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0 2 1
………………………………………………………………………… 6
Hairs on metapleuron present only on anterior part; tibial spurs 0 2 2 ………… 76(5). Flagellum with a long unsegmented arista …………………………… Chrysopilus
Flagellum subulate and annulated and usually 7 8 (sometimes 5 6) segmented
Arthroceras
7(5). Vein R2＋3 not sinuate; hind femur usually without apico-ventral hump ……… 8
Vein R2＋3 strongly sinuate; hind femur usually with distinct apico-ventral hump
Rhagina8(7). Parafacial especially in male swollen; scape much longer than pedicel…………………………………………………………………………… Desmomyia
Parafacial not swollen; scape and pedicel subequal in size ……………… Rhagio

Subfamily RHAGIONINAE
Genus Arthroceras WILLISTON
Arthroceras WILLISTON, 1886, Ent. Amer., 2: 107. Type species: Arthroceras pollinosum
WILLISTON, 1886, from N. America (by designation of COQUILLETT, 1910).
Ussuriella PARAMONOV, 1929, Trav. Mus. Zool. Kieff, 7: 281. Type species; Ussuriellagadi PARAMONOV, 1929 from Ussuri (by monotypy).
Pseudocoenomyia OUCHI, 1943, Shanghai Shizenkagaku Kenkyusho Iho, 13: 493. Typespecies: Pseudocoenomyia sinensis OUCHI, 1943 from E. China (by original designation).
Only 1 species has been recorded from China. For diagnosis of Arthroceras, seeNagatomi (1982).
Literature: NAGATOMI (1966); OUCHI (1943); WEBB (1987).
Arthroceras sinense (OUCHI)
Pseudocoenomyia sinense OUCHI, 1943, Shanghai Shizenkagaku Kenkyusho Iho, 13(6):493.
An abridged translation of the original description (in Japanese) of this species wasgiven by NAGATOMI (1966).
Distribution. China (Zhejiang).
Genus Chrysopilus MACQUART
Chrysopilus MACQUART, 1826, Mem. Soc. Sci. Agric. Lille, 1825: 403. Type species:

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Rhagio diadema FABRICIUS, 1775 (from Europe) ＝ Chrysopilus aureus (MEIGEN,
1804) (by designation of WESTWOOD, 1840).
Diagnosis. Body often with some golden yellow or white hairs. Male eyes contiguous or
rarely very narrowly separated, with larger upper facets. Width of female frons just above
antennae wider or narrower than one eye according to species. Parafacial rather wide andbare, sometimes with some hairs. Clypeus usually ending before antennae. Antenna with along arista. Metapleuron haired on anterior part as well as posterior part. Tibial spurs 0 2
1. Wing: Rs arising near humeral crossvein; R2＋3 distinctly curved and close to R1; analcell usually petiolate. Male genitalia: Gonocoxites fused on ventero-basal portion; sternite
9 absent; tergite 10 present.
Remarks. This genus is distributed worldwide, and previously contained about 300
known species. Thirty-eight species are known from China now.
Literature: HARDY (1949); NAGATOMI (1968, 1978, 1986c); NAGATOMI &KANMIYA (1968); STUCKENBERG (1965); C.YANG & D.YANG (1989, 1990a, 1990b,
1991, 1992, 1993a, 1993b); D.YANG & C.YANG (1989, 1991).
Key to species of Chinese Chrysopilus[except for C. ferruginosus (WIEDEMANN) widely distributed in the Oriental region,
Moluccas and New Guinea]
1.

2(1).

3(2).

4(3).

5(4).

Pleuron yellow; it is dark yellow in trimaculatus and largely brown in hubeiensis but
in these species, wing below stigma with a large darker area whose boundary is
indistinct, however……………………………………………………………… 2
Pleuron dark brown to black or largely so; wing not as in trimaculatus andhubeiensis ………………………………………………………………………… 11
Apical part of wing distad from the line between stigma and base of vein M3 darker
or wing with a transverse darker band from stigma to base of vein M3, or wing witha darker band near apex (as well as darker spot below stigma) ………………… 3
Wing not as above ………………………………………………………………… 7
Wing not as below ………………………………………………………………… 4
Wing with a darker band near apex (which is pale) (besides a darker spot below
stigma) (see Nagatomi, 1986: figs. 10 13); Taiwan and Japan (Okinawa I. andAmami Oshima) ……………………………………………………… poecilopterus
Wing with a darker band from stigma to base of vein M3 (apex of wing pale or 1st
submarginal cell with a large paler area) ………………………………………… 5
Apical part of wing distad from the line between stigma and base of M3 darker 6
Abdominal tergites 2 4 with basal black wide border; abdominal vener (except
posterior border and sternites 1 2) black; mesonotum and scutellum largely darkbrown to black and covered with golden yellow recumbent hairs; [♂ unknown];
South China …………………………………………………………… lucimaculatus
Abdominal tergites 3 7 with basal black spots which are more or less divided

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medially on tergites 3 5; abdominal venter yellow; mesonotum and scutellum dark
yellow [the hairs are mostly rubbed off but apparently chiefly black]; [♀ unknown]: North China……………………………………… nigrimaculatus
6(4). Abdominal tergite 4 (usually except posterior margin) yellow; frons without purple
luster; South China ………………………………………………………… grandis(which belongs to ferruginosus complex or is possibly a synonym offerruginosus)
Abdominal tergite 4 entirely black (as well as sternite 4); ♀ frons with a purple
luster in certain lights; [♂ unknown]; South China ……………… ningminganus
7(2). Wing below stigma with a large darker area whose boundary is indistinct; ♀ frons(at least in trimaculatus) wider than one eye …………………………………… 8
Wing (except stigma) nearly hyaline or evenly with a brown tinge; ♀ frons narrower than one eye ………………………………………………………………… 98(7). Abdomen yellow to dark yellow, but base of tergites 2 6 or 4 6 darker and sternites
4 6 (except posterior border) and segments 7 8 may be also darker; ♀ abdomen
largely dark yellow or dark brown; arista roughly 2.5 times as long as rest of antenna; North China…………………………………… trimaculatus
Apical half of abdomen black; arista roughly 3 times as long as rest of antenna;[♀ unknown]; South China …………………………………………… hubeiensis
9(7). Palpal segment 2 deeply black ………………………………………………… 10
Palpus almost wholly yellow; Taiwan and Japan ……………………… fenestratus
10(9). Abdomen (often except for segments 1 2 or 1 3) dark brown to black; abdominal
dorsum densely covered with golden yellow short recumbent hairs; South China……………………………………………………………………… basiflavus
Abdomen yellow (apical margin of tergites 3 7 or 4 7 narrowly black); golden
yellow short recumbent hairs on abdominal dorsum few and practically absent;
Taiwan …………………………………………………………………… nigripalpis
11(1). Mesonotum, scutellum and abdomen sooty (they may possibly be so inpingxianganus which falls in both couplets 12 and 19) [the examined specimen(1♀) of pingxianganus was somewhat moistened before killing] …………… 12
Mesonotum, scutellum and abdomen not sooty ………………………………… 19
12(11). Femur wholly yellow ………………………………………………………… 13
Femur wholly dark brown to black or, base of fore and mid femora dark brown…………………………………………………………………………… 16
13(12). Male eyes broadly contiguous; ♀ frons (except just above antenna) wholly
shining black …………………………………………………………………… 14
Male eyes narrowly separated or nearly contiguous portion of eyes short; ♀ frons
pale gray pollinose or with a shining black patch which is separated from ocellar
triangle ………………………………………………………………………… 15
14(13). Hairs on abdominal venter black; Taiwan and Japan ………………… ditissimis
Hairs on abdominal venter yellow; South China …………………… nagatomii
15(13). Hairs on abdominal venter sparse and not similar to those on dorsum; ♀ frons

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16(12).

17(16).

18(16).

19(11).
20(19).

21(19).

22(21).

23(22).

24(23).

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pale gray pollinose; Taiwan and Japan (Yaeyama Is.) …………… griseipennis
Hairs on abdominal venter dense and similar to those on dorsum; ♀ frons witha shining black patch which is separated from ocellar triangle (after Szilady,
1934a: fig. 4a); North China and Siberia ………………………………… divesFore and mid femora (except base or basal portion), and hind femur (except apex
or base and apex) yellow; halter wholly yellow or stem and base of knob yellow…………………………………………………………………………… 17
All femora wholly dark brown to black; halter (sometimes except base of stem)
dark brown to black …………………………………………………………… 18
Hairs on occiput and gena black; halter wholly yellow; South China……………………………………………………………………… yunnanensis
Hairs on occiput and gena pale; apical part of halter knob black; [♂ unknown]:
South China; (see couplet 37) …………………………………… pingxianganus
Recumbent hairs on abdomen white; hairs on palpus and parafacial pale; hairs on
gena and fore coxa longer and denser; North China ……………………… choui
Recumbent hairs on abdomen golden yellow; hairs on palpus and parafacial
black; hairs on gena and fore coxa shorter and sparse; North China ……………
………………………………………………………………………… lii sp. nov.
Wing strongly dark brown and with or without numerous pale spots ……… 20
Wing hyaline or nearly so……………………………………………………… 21
Wing with numerous pale spots (see NAGATOMI, 1986c: fig. 17); Taiwan……………………………………………………………………… trypetopterus
Wing without numerous paler spots but with some paler parts on posterior area;[ ♂ unknown]; South China, Taiwan, India, and Philippines………………………………………………………………………… luctuosus
Wing not as below …………………………………………………………… 22
Apical part of wing distad from the line between stigma and base of vein M3
darker; [♀ unknown]; South China …………………………………… ruiliensis
Coxa yellow (it is partly dark brown in neimongolicus which falls in both couplets 23 and 25) ……………………………………………………………… 23
Coxa dark brown to black……………………………………………………… 25
Body larger (wing length 4.8 mm or 5.5 5.7 mm); stigma not reaching to wing
margin; wing with narrow darker part at or near apex; coxa wholly yellow; frons
narrower than one eye ………………………………………………………… 24
Body smaller (wing length 3.9 4.2 mm); stigma reaching to wing margin; wing
(except stigma) wholly hyaline; coxa either largely dark brown or largely yellow;♀ frons wider than one eye; North China; see couplet 39…………………………………………………………………… neimongolicus
Wing without darker band near apex; palpus dark brown to black; flagellum
narrower than pedicel; South China …………………………… nigrimarginatus
Wing with darker band near apex (apex of wing pale); palpus yellow but its apex

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25(22).

26(25).

27(26).

28(27).

29(26).

30(29).

31(29).

119

deeply black; flagellum not narrower than pedicel; [♂ unknown]; South China
xanthocromus
Hind femur wholly or largely dark brown to black (it is so by half in
apicimaculatus, mojiangensis and xizangensis which fall in both couplets 26 and34) ……………………………………………………………………………… 26
Hind femur wholly or largely yellow (it is often dark yellow or brown inguangxiensis, sauteri, and pingquanus which fall in both couplets 26 and 34)………………………………………………………………………………… 34
Hind femur yellow at basal portion (in apicimaculatus and xizangensis) or on
dorsal surface (in mojiangensis) ……………………………………………… 27
Hind femur wholly dark brown to black ……………………………………… 29
Abdominal dorsum chiefly consisting of longer erect hairs which are chiefly black……………………………………………………………………………………28
Abdominal dorsum chiefly (♂) or wholly (♀) consisting of shorter recumbent
golden yellow hairs; ♀ frons wider than one eye; North China; (see couplet 35)………………………………………………………………………… xizangensis
Hairs on gena pale [palpus broken off]; abdominal tergites 1 3 (except base oftergite 2 at two rows of sensory pits) black; apical portion of mid and hind femora
dark brown; [ ♀ unknown]; South China; (see also couplet 36)…………………………………………………………………… apicimaculatus
Hairs on gena and palpus black; abdominal tergites 1 3 (except posterior part)yellow; ventral surface of femur dark brown; [♀ unknown]; South China; (seealso couplet 36) …………………………………………………… mojiangensis
Body smaller (wing length 4.3 to 4.7 mm); tibia and tarsomere 1 either darkbrown to black (in gansuensis) or brown and paler than femur (in parvus), andin the latter case flagellum distinctly longer than wide ……………………… 30
Body larger (wing length 5.5 to 8.3 mm); tibia and tarsomere 1 (often except
apical portion) yellow to dark yellow; flagellum always about as long as wide………………………………………………………………………………… 31
Hairs on gena and palpus black; flagellum longer than wide and longer thanpedicel; palpus more slender and longer than clypeus; tibia and tarsomere 1 brownand paler than femur; [♀ unknown]; South China ………………………………
…………………………………………………………………… parvus sp. nov.
Hairs on gena and palpus pale; flagellum about as long as wide and pedicel;
palpus more robust and not longer than clypeus; tibia and tarsomere 1 dark brown
to black and concolorous with femur; [ ♀ unknown]; North China………………………………………………………………………… gansuensis
Stigma reaching to wing margin and at base acute or gradually evanescent; palpus
more robust …………………………………………………………………… 32
Stigma not reaching to wing margin and at base truncate; palpus more slender………………………………………………………………………………… 33

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32(31). Palpus longer than clypeus; hairs on palpus about as long as (in ♂) and somewhat shorter than (in ♀) antenna (minus arista); parafacial bare; knob of halter
wholly dark brown to black; North China ………………………………………
…………………………………………………… obscuralatus (＝ningxianus)
Palpus not extending to upper margin of clypeus; hairs on palpus much shorter
than antenna (minus arista); parafacial abundantly haired; base of halter knob
yellow; North China; (see couplet 41) …………………… pingquanus sp. nov.
33(31). Abdominal tergite 1 with chiefly black erect hairs; [see couplet 42] …………
guangxiensis [♀ unknown] (South China) and sauteri (Taiwan and Japan) (theformer is possibly a synonym of the latter)
Abdominal tergite 1 without black erect hairs but with white recumbent hairs
which are present on mesonotum, scutellum, anterolateral part of tergite 2 andanterior border of tergites 3 4; [♂ unknown]; South China; (see couplet 42)
pallipilosus
34(25). Hind femur by half yellow …………………………………………………… 35
Hind femur wholly or largely yellow ………………………………………… 37
35(34). See upper branch of couplet 27 ……………………………………………… 36
See lower branch of couplet 27 ……………………………………… xizangensis
36(35). See upper branch of couplet 28 ………………………………… apicimaculatus
See lower branch of couplet 28 …………………………………… mojiangensis
37(34). Fore and mid femora wholly yellow; hairs on palpus pale (except in flaviscutellus
and often ♂ shaanxiensis) …………………………………………………… 38
Base of fore and mid femora dark brown; hairs on palpus black; [♂ unknown];
South China; (see couplet 17) …………………………………… pingxianganus
38(37). Hairs on ♀ upper occiput or on ♂ ocellar tubercle pale (often black in ♂
shaanxiensis which falls in couplet 42 but ♂ shaanxiensis may be easily separated from ♂ guangxiensis by having abdominal tergite 1 with golden yellow
recumbent hairs) ……………………………………………………………… 39
Hairs on ♀ upper occiput or on ♂ ocellar tubercle black ………………… 40
39(38). Body smaller (wing length 3.9 4.2 mm); parafacial nearly flat; hind femur andtibia more stout (♂ hind femur 7.3 7.5 times and ♀ hind femur 5.4 times aslong as wide); North China; (see couplet 23)…………………… neimongolicus
Body larger (♀ wing length 5.2 mm); parafacial with steep inclination; hindfemur and tibia more slender (♀ hind femur 8.0 times as long as wide); North
China ………………………………………………………………… shaanxiensis
40(38). Pedicel dark brown to black …………………………………………………… 41
Pedicel yellow to dark yellow ………………………………………………… 43
41(40). Pterostigma not reaching to wing margin and at base truncate ……………… 42
Pterostigma elongate and reaching to wing margin and at base acute or graduallyevanescent; North China; (see couplet 32) ……………… pingquanus sp. nov.
42(41). See upper branch of couplet 33 ……………………………………………………
………………… guangxiensis (South China) and sauteri (Taiwan and Japan)

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See lower branch of couplet 33 …………………………………… pallipilosus
43(40). Antennal flagellum as wide as pedicel; hairs on palpus pale; parafacial less than
1 2 as wide as clypeus; [♂ unknown]; North China ……………… huashanus
Antennal flagellum distinctly wider than pedicel; hairs on palpus chiefly black;parafacial over 1 2 as wide as clypeus; [ ♂ unknown]; South China……………………………………………………………………… flaviscutellus
Chrysopilus apicimaculatus C.YANG et D.YANG(Figs.1 9)
Chrysopilus apicimaculatus C.YANG et D.YANG, 1991, Acta Hubei Univ. (Nat. Sci.), 13:274. Type locality: Shennongjia, Hubei.
Male. Face, clypeus, thorax, coxa, halter and abdomen (except base of tergite 2) darkbrown to black. Pterostigma truncate at apex and not reaching to wing margin. [Flagellum
and palpus broken off].
Male. Body length 6.0 mm, wing length 7.0 mm. Head dark brown to black, and pale
gray pollinose. Hairs on head pale; upper margin of occiput with some black hairs; clypeus
and parafacial with pale hairs which are sparse on clypeus. Antenna [flagellum and arista
broken off] brownish yellow, scape pale haired ventrally, pedicel black haired; scape andpedicel not longer than wide. Proboscis brownish yellow with pale hairs; [palpus brokenoff]. Head (excluding protruded clypues) 1.5 times higher than long; contiguous portion ofeye 1.2 times as long as ocellar triangle; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal
view 1.2 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 1.9 times width of frons justabove antennae, and 1.3 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width offrons just above antenna 0.6 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.7 times
width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view, and 5.4 times width of frons at medianocellus; distance from proboscis to antennae 0.8 times that from antennae to median ocellus;
clypeus 0.9 times as wide as long, 2.3 times as wide as parafacial, and 0.6 times as wide as

Figs. 1 2. Chrysopilus apicimaculatus C.YANG et D.YANG, male. 1, Wing; 2, basal portion of abdomen,
lateral view.

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Figs. 3 9. Chrysopilus apicimaculatus C.YANG et D.YANG, male. 3, Tergites 9 10 and cerci, dorsal view;
4, tergite 9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 5, genital capsule, dorsal view; 6, genital capsule,ventral view; 7, sternite 8; 8, tergite 8; 9, cercus, dorso-lateral view. C, cercus; DP, dorsal plate; EA,
ejaculatory apodeme; GA, gonocoxal apodeme; GC, gonocoxite; GS, gonostylus; S10, sternite 10; T9,
tergite 9; T10, tergite 10; VP, ventral plate.

face at upper margin of clypeus.
Thorax black, and pale gray pollinose; mesonotum and scutellum grayish brown
pollinose with black and golden yellow hairs; pleuron with pale hairs. Legs yellow, coxa
black and concolorous with pleuron; trochanter brownish yellow; apical portion of mid andhind femora brown; tibia brownish yellow; tarsus brown to dark brown except tarsomere 1
paler. Hairs on legs pale; coxa with long pale hairs; femur with chiefly pale hairs. Wing
hyaline; stigma dark brown, long, not reaching to wing margin; basal section of M2 as longas crossvein m; anal cell closed before wing margin. Halter dark yellow, knob dark brown.
Abdominal dorsum black with black hairs but tergite 1 (except sides) with pale hairs;
venter yellow with pale hairs. Male genitalia (Figs. 3 9): Tergite 8 much wider than long,with a weak mid-anterior incision; sternite 8 somewhat narrow apically, with a V-shaped
anterior incision; tergite 9 wider than long, with a deep V-shaped anterior incision; sternite
10 quadrate, with widely rounded apex; cercus curved inwards apically, with oblique innerposterior margin and with somewhat acute apex; gonocoxites with anterior margin nearlystraight on fused ventral portion; gonostylus elongate, with apical margin oblique andYANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

123

weakly concave; gonocoxal apodemes nearly parallel; ejaculatory apodeme thick andcurved basally.
Female. Unknown.
Specimen examined. Holotype ♂, Shennongjia (1,700 m), Hubei, 29. vi. 1984, Chi-kun
YANG.
Distribution. China (Hubei).
Remarks. This species may be separated from mojiangensis as shown in the key (couplet
28).
Chrysopilus basiflavus C.YANG et D.YANG(Figs.10 17)
Chrysopilus basiflavus C.YANG et D.YANG, 1992, Acta Ent. Sin., 35: 355. Type locality:
Longzhou, Guangxi.
Male and female. Palpus (except base) deeply black. Pleuron, coxa, femur and halter
yellow. Mesonotum, scutellum and abdominal dorsum short golden yellow recumbent
haired. Pterostigma indistinct. Mid-upper face short. Arista thin and long. ♀ frons wider
toward antennae and at narrowest point not over 1 2 as wide as one eye.
Male. Body length 6.9 8.3 mm, wing length 7.1 7.6 mm. Head black, and pale graypollinose; clypeus dark yellow. Hairs on head pale; frons, parafacial (except lower portion)and clypeus bare. Antenna black, arista dark brown; scape bare, pedicel black haired, flagellum and arista minutely pale pubescent. From inner view, pedicel longer than scape, andflagellum not wider than pedicel; arista long and thin. Proboscis yellow with pale hairs;
palpus black except base yellow, with black hairs. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.4
1.5 times higher than long; contiguous portion of eye 1.6 2.0 times as long as ocellar
triangle; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.1 1.2 times distance fromantennae to median ocellus, 2.3 2.5 times width of frons just above antennae, and 1.2 1.4
times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above antenna
0.5 0.6 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.5 0.6 times width of face atlowest point in direct frontal view, and 4.6 5.0 times width of frons at median ocellus;
distance from proboscis to antennae 0.6 0.7 times that from antennae to median ocellus;
clypeus 0.8 0.9 times as wide as long, 2.0 2.2 times as wide as parafacial, and 0.6 0.7
times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus. [N＝5].
Thorax yellow, and pale gray pollinose; mesonotum and scutellum brownish yellow tobrownish with golden yellow recumbent and black hairs; hairs on pleuron yellow. Legs
yellow, tibia brownish yellow and tarsus brown to dark brown. Hairs on legs black; coxa
with long yellow hairs; fore and mid femora with chiefly pale hairs, hind femur with chiefly
black hairs. Wing tinged with yellow on anterior field; stigma indistinct; veins brown; analcell closed before wing maring; basal section of M2 very short, 0.1 0.2 times as long as
crossvein m. Halter yellow, knob somewhat darker.

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Figs. 10 17. Chrysopilus basiflavus C.YANG et D.YANG, male. 10, Wing; 11, tergites 9 10 and cerci,
dorsal view; 12, tergite 9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 13, cercus, dorso-lateral view; 14, genital
capsule, ventral view; 15, genital capsule, dorsal view; 16, sternite 8; 17, tergite 8.

Abdomen brownish black, and pale gray pollinose; tergites 1 2 and sternites 1 2 dark
yellow to brownish yellow. Hairs on abdomen black, tergites 1 7 also with many golden
yellow recumbent hairs. Male genitalia (Figs.11 17): Tergite 8 distinctly wider than long,with a weak anterior incision; sternite 8 quadrate, with a weak mid-apical incision; tergite
9 distinctly wider than long, with a deep anterior incision; sternite 10 with posterior margin
gently convex; cercus somewhat acute apically; gonocoxites with a weak anterior incision

YANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

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on fused ventral portion; gonostylus curved and obtuse apically; gonocoxal apodemes
weakly convergent apically; ejaculatory apodeme somewhat thick basally.
Female. Body length 6.9 7.2 mm, wing length 7.2 7.3 mm. Similar to male except asfollows: Frons with some short black hairs and upper occiput with stout black hairs. Head(excluding protruded clypeus) 1.6 1.7 times higher than long; width of one eye on a midline in direct frontal view 1.2 1.3 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 1.6 times
width of frons just above antennae, and 1.0 1.1 times width of face at lowest point in direct
frontal view; width of frons just above antenna 0.7 times distance from antennae to medianocellus, 0.6 0.7 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view, and 1.2 1.3 times
width of frons at median ocellus; distance from proboscis to antennae 1.0 times that fromantennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9 times as wide as long, 3.0 times as wide asparafacial, and 0.7 0.8 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus. [N＝2].
Specimens examined. Holotype ♂, paratype 1♀, Longzhou, Guangxi, 19. v. 1982,
Chi-kun YANG. Paratypes; 2 ♂ ♂ , 1 ♀ , Jinxiu, Guangxi, 12 14. vi. 1982, Chi-kun
YANG; 1♂, Jinxiu (720 m), Guangxi, 10. vi. 1982, Fasheng LI; 2♂♂, Jinxiu, Guangxi,
15. vi. 1982, Chi-kun YANG.
Distribution. China (Guangxi).
Remarks. This species may be distinguished from nigripalpis as shown in the key (couplet 10).
Chrysopilus choui D.YANG et C.YANG(Figs. 18 24)
Chrysopilus choui D.YANG et C.YANG, 1989, Entomotaxon., 11: 243. Type locality:
Zhouzhi, Shaanxi.
Male and female. Mesonotum, scutellum and abdomen sooty black. Coxa and femur darkbrown to black. Abdominal tergites 1 4 each with white recumbent hairs at posterior part.
♀ frons much wider than one eye.
Male. Body length 5.7 7.5 mm, wing length 6.1 6.3 mm. Head black, and pale graypollinose. Hairs on head pale, but ocellar tubercle black haired; clypeus and parafacial bare
except for the latter black haired on lower part. Antenna dark brown; scape bare, pedicel
black haired, flagellum pale haired. Pedicel and flagellum subequal in size. Proboscis andpalpus dark brown with black hairs. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.4 1.5 times
higher than long; contiguous portion of eye 1.5 2.0 times as long as ocellar triangle; widthof one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.0 times distance from antennae to medianocellus, 2.0 2.1 times width of frons just above antennae, and 1.0 1.1 times width of faceat lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above antenna 0.5 times distancefrom antennae to median ocellus, 0.5 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal
view, and 4.6 4.7 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from proboscis to antennae 0.7 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.8 0.9 times as wide as long,126

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Figs. 18 24. Chrysopilus choui D.YANG et C.YANG, male. 18, Wing; 19, tergites 9 10 and cerci, dorsal
view; 20, cercus, dorso-ventral view; 21, tergite 9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 22, tergite 8;
23, genital capsule, ventral view; 24, sternite 8.

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1.5 1.6 times as wide as parafacial, and 0.5 times as wide as face at upper margin ofclypeus. [N＝2].
Thorax brown to brownish black, and pale gray pollinose; mesonotum and scutellum
velvety black. Hairs on thorax pale; mesonotum with golden yellow recumbent hairs on
mid-lateral and posterior parts, and with some black hairs on anterolateral margin;
scutellum wholly black haired. Legs brownish black, but tibia brownish yellow; tarsus
brown to dark brown except tarsomere 1 somewhat pale. Hairs on legs chiefly black, butcoxa chiefly pale haired and dorsal surface of femur pale scale-like haired. Wing hyaline;
stigma very elongate, brownish yellow, reaching to wing margin; veins brown to darkbrown; basal section of M2 1.0 1.1 times as long as crossvein m; anal cell closed before
wing margin. Halter brownish black with basal portion brownish yellow.
Abdomen brown to dark brown and pale gray pollinose; dorsum more or less velvety
black. Hairs on abdomen black and pale, but tergites 1 4 with white or golden yellow
recumbent hair tufts. Male genitalia (Figs.19 24): Tergite 8 much wider than long, withweak mid-anterior incision; sternite 8 nearly quadrate, somewhat narrow apically, with a
mid-anterior incision nearly V-shaped; tergite 9 distinctly wider than long, somewhat
rounded posteriorly, with curved anterior incision; cercus with oblique posterior margin andsomewhat narrow apically; gonocoxites with anterior margin straight on fused ventral portion; gonostylus distinctly curved and rounded apically; gonocoxal apodemes somewhat
convergent apically; ejaculatory apodeme somewhat flattened.
Female. Body length 6.3 mm; wing length 6.6 mm. Similar to male but different asfollows: Eyes widely separated. Frons brown pollinose except for narrow anterior margin,
with some black hairs. Upper occiput with stout black hairs. Head (excluding protruded
clypeus) 1.5 times higher than long; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view
0.9 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.7 times width of frons just above
antennae, and 0.6 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons
just above antenna 1.2 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.8 times width offace at lowest point in direct frontal view, and 0.8 times width of frons at median ocellus;
distance from proboscis to antennae 1.1 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus
0.9 times as wide as long, 1.8 times as wide as parafacial, and 0.5 times as wide as face at
upper margin of clypeus. Recumbent golden hairs on mesonotum and abdominal tergites 1
4 white. Wing: basal section of M2 as long as crossvein m (as in ♂).
Specimens examined. Holotype ♂ , Zhouzhi, Shaanxi, 16. viii. 1962, Fasheng LI.
Paratypes: 1♀, Kangxiang (1,200 m), Gansu, 31. vii. 1980, Chi-kun YANG; 1♂, Chang’an,
Shaanxi, 26. vi. 1956, Chi-kun YANG; 1♂, Taibai Mountain, Shaanxi, 27, vii. 1956, Io C
HOU.
Distribution. China (Shaanxi and Gansu).
Remarks. This species may be separated from lii as shown in the key (couplet 18).

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Chrysopilus ditissimis BEZZI
Chrysopilus ditissimis BEZZI 1912, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., 10: 451. Type locality:
Toyenmongai or Kosempo, Taiwan.
Chrysopilus apyros SE GUY, 1948, Notes Ent. Chin., 12: 154. Type locality: Japan (Honshu:
Nikko).
For redescription of this species, see NAGATOMI (1968) and NAGATOMI &KANMIYA (1968).
Distribution. China (Taiwan), Japan.
Chrysopilus dives LOEW
Chrysopilus dives LOEW, 1871, Beschr. europ. Dipt., 2: 62. Type locality: "Kultuk"...
"Bajkal".
For taxonomic notes on this species, see SZILA DY (1934a), NAGATOMI (1968, 1986c)
and NAGATOMI & KANMIYA (1968).
Distribution. North China, Siberia.
Chrysopilus fenestratus BEZZI
Chrysopilus fenestratus BEZZI, 1912, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., 10: 448. Type locality:
Toyenmongai or Fuhosho, Taiwan.
For redescription of this species, see NAGATOMI (1968, 1978) and NAGATOMI &KANMIYA (1968).
Distribution. China (Taiwan), Japan.
Chrysopilus ferruginosus (WIEDEMANN)
Leptis ferruginosus WIEDEMANN, 1819, Zool. Mag., 1(3): 4. Type locality: Java.
Distribution. China (Taiwan). This species is widely distributed in the Oriental region.
Remarks. A Chrysopilus ferruginosus complex may be present, for which a revision isneeded. A restudy of this species from Taiwan is not made here.
Chrysopilus flaviscutellus C.YANG et D.YANG(Fig. 25)
Chrysopilus flaviscutellus C.YANG et D.YANG, 1989, J. Zhejiang Forest. Coll., 6: 290. TypeYANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

129

locality: Tianmushan Mountain, Zhejiang.
Female. Antennal flagellum distinctly wider than pedicel and rounded (except base).
Frons much wider than one eye. Mid-upper face subequal in length to clypeus. Thorax, coxa
and abdomen dark brown. Femur and tibia yellow.
Female. Body length 7.7 mm, wing length 8.2 mm. Head dark brown to black, andgrayish brown pollinose. Hairs on head black, but those on lower occiput and gena pale;parafacials and clypeus with some pale hairs. Antenna dark yellow, arista dark brown; scapebare, pedicel black haired, flagellum and arista minutely pale pubescent. Flagellum wider
and longer than pedicel, and rounded (except base). Arista stout and c. 2.1 times as longas rest of antenna. Proboscis dark yellow with pale and brownish hairs; palpus dark yellow
with yellow and black hairs. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.5 times higher thanlong; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.1 times distance from antennae
to median ocellus, 0.7 times width of frons just above antennae, and 0.6 times width of faceat lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above antenna 1.6 times distancefrom antennae to median ocellus, 0.8 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal
view, and 0.8 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from proboscis to antennae
2.1 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9 times as wide as long, 1.7 times
as wide as parafacial, and 0.5 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus.
Thorax dark brown, partly dark yellow, and grayish brown pollinose; mesonotum withthree wide darker longitudinal spots; scutellum grayish dark yellow. Mesonotum andscutellum golden yellow haired; pleuron yellow haired. Legs yellow, but coxa darker andconcolorous with pleuron; tarsus dark brown apically. Hairs on legs black; coxa with yellow
hairs, femur with nearly wholly pale hairs. Wing nearly hyaline, tinged with grayish yellow
on anterior field; stigma very elongate, yellow, reaching to wing margin; veins brownish
yellow; R4 with a short basal appendage; basal section of M2 short, 0.4 times as long as
crossvein m: anal cell closed before wing margin. Halter yellow, but knob brownish.
Abdomen brown to dark brown, and grayish brown pollinose. Hairs on abdomen pale, but
tergites 2 3 with some black hairs medially.

Fig. 25. Chrysopilus flaviscutellus C. YANG et D. YANG, female wing.

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Male. Unknown.
Specimen examined. Holotype ♀, Tianmushan Mountain, Zhejiang, 27. vi. 1957, Chikun YANG.
Distribution. China (Zhejiang).
Remarks. This species may be separated from huashanus as shown in the key (couplet
43).
Chrysopilus gansuensis D.YANG et C.YANG(Figs. 26 32)
Chrysopilus gansuensis D.YANG et C.YANG, 1991, Acta Agric. Univ. Pekin., 17: 95. Type
locality: Jone, Gansu.
Male. Body relatively small (wing length 4.7 mm). Antenna, palpus, thorax, legs andabdomen dark brown to black. Parafacial wide (over 1 2 as wide as clypeus) and nearlyflat.
Male. Body length 4.7 mm, wing length 4.7 mm. Head black, and pale gray pollinose.
Hairs on head wholly pale; upper face, parafacial and clypeus bare. Antenna black; scapebare, pedicel pale haired, flagellum and arista minutely pale pubescent. Flagellum not wider
than pedicel which is longer than scape; arista stout and c. 2.1 times as long as rest ofantenna. Proboscis brownish yellow with pale hairs; palpus brownish with pale hairs. Head(excluding protruded clypeus) 1.4 times higher than long; eyes very narrowly separated,their nearly contiguous portion 1.1 times as long as ocellar triangle; width of one eye on a
mid line in direct frontal view 1.2 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 1.5 times
width of frons just above antennae, and 1.0 times width of face at lowest point in direct
frontal view; width of frons just above antenna 0.8 times distance from antennae to medianocellus, 0.7 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view, and 5.7 times widthof frons at median ocellus; distance from proboscis to antennae 0.8 times that from antennae
to median ocellus; clypeus as wide as long, 1.7 times as wide as parafacial, and 0.5 times
as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus.
Thorax dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose. Mesonotum and scutellum whollywith golden yellow hairs; pleuron with pale hairs. Legs dark brown to black, coxa darker
and concolorous with pleuron; tibia brown, tarsus dark brown. Hairs on legs black; coxa
with long pale hairs, femur nearly wholly pale haired. Wing hyaline; stigma brownish, long,
not reaching to wing margin; veins brown to dark brown; basal section of M2 as long as
crossvein m: anal cell closed just before wing margin. Halter dark brown with basal portion
yellow.
Abdomen dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose. Hairs on abdomen pale; dorsum
with golden yellow hairs. Male genitalia (Figs. 26 32): Tergite 8 much wider than long,with a mid-anterior incision; sternite 8 nearly quadrate; tergite 9 wider than long, with adistinct anterior incision; sternite 10 nearly quadrate, with rounded apex; cercus somewhat

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Figs. 26 32. Chrysopilus gansuensis D. YANG et C. YANG, male. 26, Tergites 8 9; 27, sternite 8; 28,
tergite 10 and cerci, dorsal view; 29, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 30, cercus, dorso-lateral view;
31, genital capsule, ventral view; 32, genital capsule, dorsal view.

acute apically in dorsal view; gonocoxites with a large membranous area on fused ventral
portion, with anterior margin nearly straight on fused ventral portion; gonostylus distinctly
curved and rounded apically; gonocoxal apodemes nearly parallel and somewhat curved
inwards apically; ejaculatory apodeme somewhat thick basally and weakly flattened
apically.
Female. Unknown.
Specimen examined. Holotype ♂, Jone (2,900 m), Gansu, 16. viii. 1980, Chi-kun
YANG.
Distribution. China (Gansu).
Remarks. This species (♂) is similar to neimongolicus (♂,♀) by having the bodysmaller and parafacial wide and nearly flat, but may be separated from the latter by the132South Pacific Study Vol. 17, No. 2, 1997

femur dark brown to black (not yellow). It may easily be separated from parvus as shownin the key (couplet 30).
Chrysopilus grandis C.YANG et D.YANG(Figs. 33 41)
Chrysopilus grandis C.YANG et D.YANG, 1993b, Ent. J. E. China, 2: 3. Type locality:
Longzhou, Guangxi.
Male and female. Apical part of wing (distad from the line between stigma and base ofvein M3) darker. Clypeus, palpus, thorax and legs (except apical portion of tarsus) yellow.
Mid-upper face short. ♀ frons at narrowest point much narrower than (but over 1 2 aswide as) one eye. ♀ palpus spatula-like.
Male. Body length 9.4 13 mm, wing length 9.0 11.5 mm. Head black, and pale graypollinose; clypeus yellow. Hairs on head pale, but upper occiput and vertex with black
hairs. Antenna brownish; scape bare, pedicel black haired, flagellum and arista white pubescent. Antenna relatively short; pedicel wider than long and wider than scape; flagellum
wider than long and wider than pedicel; arista slender and roughly 4.3 4.5 times as long as
rest of antenna. Proboscis and palpus yellow with yellow hairs. Head (excluding protruded
clypeus) 1.5 1.6 times higher than long; contiguous portion of eye 2.1 2.2 times as longas ocellar triangle; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.1 1.2 times
distance from antennae to median ocellus, 2.3 2.6 times width of frons just above antennae,and 1.3 1.4 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons justFigs. 33 34. Chrysopilus grandis C. YANG et D. YANG, female. 33, Wing; 34, abdomen, dorsal view.

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Figs. 35 41. Chrysopilus grandis C. YANG et D. YANG, male. 35, Tergites 9 10 and cerci, dorsal view; 36,
tergite 9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 37, sternite 8; 38, cercus, dorso-lateral view; 39, tergite
8; 40, genital capsule, dorsal view; 41, genital capsule, ventral view.

above antenna 0.4 0.5 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.5 0.6 times widthof face at lowest point in direct frontal view, and 4.3 5.5 times width of frons at medianocellus; distance from proboscis to antennae 0.5 0.6 times that from antennae to medianocellus; clypeus 0.7 0.8 times as wide as long, 2.3 2.4 times as wide as parafacial, and 0.7
0.8 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus; upper face (＝space between
clypeus and antennae) very short.
Thorax yellow, mesonotum and scutellum brownish yellow; mesonotum with one medianlongitudinal spot and two pairs of small lateral spots, which are indistinct and brownish.
Mesonotum and scutellum with black and golden yellow hairs; pleuron with yellow hairs.

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Legs yellow, but tibia brownish yellow, tarsus dark brown. Hairs on legs black; coxa withyellow hairs, fore and mid femora with some yellow hairs. Wing hyaline, tinged withyellowish particularly on anterior field; apical portion nearly wholly brownish; stigma shortand somewhat broad, brown, not reaching to wing margin; basal section of M2 very short(0.1 times as long as crossvein m) or absent; anal cell closed before wing margin. Halter
yellow.
Abdomen yellow, but apical margin of each tergite usually blackish; venter somewhat
darker particularly on apical portion. Hairs on abdomen black. Male genitalia (Figs. 35
41): Tergite 8 much wider than long, with anterior margin weakly concave; sternite 8 large
and nearly quadrate, with posterior margin weakly concave; tergite 9 distinctly wider thanlong, with a trapezoid basal incision; sternite 10 quadrate, with apex somewhat narrow androunded; cercus elongate, somewhat acute apically in dorsal view; gonocoxites with a weakanterior incision on fused ventral portion; gonostylus rather short and obtuse apically;
gonocoxal apodemes parallel; ejaculatory apodeme very elongate and thin apically.
Female. Body length 11.7 mm, wing length 9.4 mm. Similar to male, but different asfollows: Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.3 times higher than long; width of one eye
on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.1 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 1.4
times width of frons just above antennae, and 0.9 times width of face at lowest point in
direct frontal view; width of frons just above antenna 0.8 times distance from antennae tomedian ocellus, 0.6 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view, and 1.1 times
width of frons at median ocellus; distance from proboscis to antennae 0.9 times that fromantennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9 times as wide as long, 4.0 times as wide asparafacial, and 0.8 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus. Palpus spatula-like andmuch larger than in ♂. Wing: basal section of M2 0.2 times as long as crossvein m.
Specimens examined. Holotype ♂, Longzhou, Guangxi, 19. v. 1982, Chi-kun YANG.
Paratypes: 1♀, Jinxiu, Guangxi, 15. vi. 1982, Chi-kun YANG; 1♂, Longsheng, Guangxi,
11. vi. 1963, Chi-kun YANG; 1 ♂ , Longyan, Fujian, 21. vii. 1988, Chi-kun
YANG.
Distribution. China (Guangxi, Fujian).
Remarks. This species belongs to C. ferruginosus complex and may possibly be a juniorsynonym of the latter. More comparison is necessary before final decision of the identity of
grandis. It is similar to ningminganus but is separated from the latter as shown in the key(couplet 6).
Chrysopilus griseipennis BEZZI
Chrysopilus griseipennis BEZZI, 1912, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., 10: 451. Type locality:
Kosempo, Taiwan.
For redescription of this species, see NAGATOMI (1986c).
Distribution. China (Taiwan).

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Chrysopilus guangxiensis C.YANG et D.ANG(Figs. 42 45)
Chrysopilus guangxiensis C.YANG et D.ANG, 1992, Acta Ent. Sin., 35: 354. Type locality:
Jinxiu, Guangxi.
Male. Antenna and palpus brownish yellow to dark brown; thorax, coxa and abdomen
brown to dark brown . Femur dark yellow.
Male. Body length 6.5 mm, wing length 6.7 mm. Head black, and grayish brown
pollinose. Hairs on head pale; ocellar tubercle and upper margin of occiput with black hairs;
frons, upper face, parafacial (except lower portion) and clypeus bare or nearly so. Antenna
brownish yellow to dark brown, arista dark brown; scape bare, pedicel black haired, flagellum and arista minutely pale pubescent. Antenna relatively short; flagellum not wider thanpedicel. Proboscis brownish yellow to dark brown with pale hairs; palpus brownish yellow
to dark brown with probably pale hairs. [Head was crumpled and not measured].
Thorax brown to dark brown, and grayish brown pollinose; postalar area somewhat paler.

Figs. 42 45. Chrysopilus guangxiensis C. YANG et D. YANG, male. 42, Wing; 43, tergites 8 9; 44, genital
capsule, dorsal view; 45, genital capsule, ventral view.

136South Pacific Study Vol. 17, No. 2, 1997

Mesonotum with black erect and golden yellow recumbent hairs; pleuron with pale andblack hairs. Legs dark yellow, coxa and trochanter brown; tibia brownish yellow, tarsus
brownish to brown except tarsomere 1 somewhat paler. Hairs on legs black; coxa withchiefly black hairs, femur with some pale hairs. Wing hyaline; stigma brownish, not reaching to wing margin; veins brown to dark brown; anal cell closed before wing margin; basal
section of M2 1.4 times as long as crossvein m. Halter yellow, knob brown to dark brown.
Abdomen brown to dark brown, and grayish brown pollinose. Hairs on abdomen black;tergite 1 may have several golden yellow hairs. Male genitalia (Figs. 43 45): Tergite 8much wider than long, with a small mid-anterior incision; tergite 9 distinctly wider thanlong, with a deep anterior incision; gonocoxites with anterior margin straight on fusedventral portion; gonostylus distinctly curved, with wide apex; gonocoxal apodemes weakly
divergent apically; ejaculatory apodeme rather thick basally.
Female. Unknown.
Specimen examined. Holotype ♂, Jinxiu, Guangxi, 14. vi. 1982, Chi-kun YANG.
Distribution. China (Guangxi).
Remarks. This species may possibly be a junior synonym of sauteri. C. guangxiensis was
based on a single specimen (♂) partly damaged. Further comparative study is necessary
between these two species. C. guangxiensis is similar to pallipilosus but may be separated
from the latter as shown in the key (couplet 33).
Chrysopilus huashanus D.YANG et C.YANG(Figs. 46 47)
Chrysopilus huashanus D.YANG et C.YANG, 1989, Entomotaxon., 11: 244. Type locality:
Huashan Mountain, Shaanxi.
Female. Frons somewhat narrower toward antennae and much wider than one eye. Scapeand pedicel yellow. Thorax, coxa and abdomen brown to dark brown (the former two may
be dark brownish yellow). Femur and tibia yellow.
Female. Body length 6.2 mm, wing length 6.7 mm. Head brownish black, and grayish
brown pollinose; clypeus brownish yellow with median portion darker. Hairs on head pale,
but ocellar tubercle and upper margin of occiput black haired; frons with somewhat black
hairs; upper face and clypeus bare. Antenna yellow [but flagellum possibly dark brown];
scape bare, pedicel black haired, and flagellum pale haired; arista dark brown. Antenna
relatively short; flagellum not narrower than pedicel; arista roughly 3 times as long as restof antenna. Proboscis brownish yellow with pale hairs; palpus dark brownish yellow withpale hairs. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.4 times higher than long; width of one
eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.0 times distance from antennae to median ocellus,
0.8 times width of frons just above antennae, and 0.7 times width of face at lowest point in
direct frontal view; width of frons just above antenna 1.2 times distance from antennae tomedian ocellus, 0.8 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view, and 0.8 times

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Figs. 46 47. Chrysopilus huashanus D. YANG et C. YANG, female. 46, Wing; 47, abdomen, dorsal view.

width of frons at median ocellus; distance from proboscis to antennae 1.2 times that fromantennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.95 times as wide as long, 2.8 times as wide asparafacial, and 0.7 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus.
Thorax dark brownish yellow, and grayish brown pollinose. Hairs on thorax pale;mesonotum and scutellum with some golden yellow recumbent hairs; mesonotum partly
black haired at mid-lateral margin. Legs yellow, but coxa darker and concolorous withpleuron; tarsus brownish yellow, but somewhat darker apically. Hairs on legs black, butcoxa and femur with pale hairs. Wing hyaline; stigma dark brown, moderately long, and notreaching to wing margin; vein dark brown; R4 with a short basal appendage; basal sectionof M2 1.1 times as long as crossvein m; anal cell closed before wing margin. Halter yellow,
but knob dark brown.
Abdomen dark brown to brownish black, and grayish brown pollinose; apical margin of
tergites 1 4 brownish yellow. Hairs on abdomen chiefly pale.
Male. Unknown.
Specimen examined. Holotype ♀, Huashan Mountain, Shaanxi, 21. viii. 1962, Chi-kun
ANG
.
Y

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Distribution. China (Shaanxi).
Remarks. This species may be separated from flaviscutellus as shown in the key (couplet
43).
Chrysopilus hubeiensis C.YANG et D.YANG(Figs. 48 55)
Chrysopilus hubeiensis C.YANG et D.YANG, 1991, J. Hubei. Univ. (Nat. Sci.), 13: 274.
Type locality: Shennongjia, Hubei.
Male. Wing below stigma with a large darker area whose boundary is indistinct. Thorax
and apical half of abdomen dark brown to black. Antenna, palpus and legs (except apicalportion of tarsus) yellow. Mid-upper face long (but shorter than clypeus).
Male. Body length 7.0 mm, wing length 6.0 mm. Head black, and pale gray pollinose;clypeus dark yellow. Hairs on head pale; upper margin of occiput and ocellar tubercle withblack hairs; frons and upper face bare; clypeus and lower portion of parafacial with someshort pale hairs. Antenna yellow except for arista dark brown; scape bare, pedicel black
haired, flagellum and arista minutely pale pubescent. Flagellum not narrower than andsomewhat longer than pedicel; arista roughly 3 times as long as rest of antenna. Proboscis
yellow with pale hairs; palpus yellow with pale hairs except apex with black hairs. Head(excluding protruded clypeus) 1.4 times higher than long; contiguous portion of eye 1.8
times as long as ocellar triangle; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 0.9
times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 3.1 times width of frons just above antennae, and 1.0 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons justabove antenna 0.3 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.3 times width of faceat lowest point in direct frontal view, and 3.3 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from proboscis to antennae 0.7 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus
as wide as long, 1.7 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line, and 0.5 times as wide as faceat upper margin of clypeus.
Thorax dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose; scutellum brownish yellow except
base. Mesonotum and scutellum with golden yellow hairs; pleuron with pale hairs. Legs
yellow; tarsus brown to dark brown except tarsomere 1 paler. Hairs on legs black; coxa withlong pale hairs, femur with wholly pale hairs. Wing tinged with brown, but apical and hindportions paler; stigma brownish, very elongate, nearly reaching to wing margin; veinsbrown to dark brown; basal section of M2 0.2 times as long as crossvein m; anal cell closed
before wing margin. Halter yellow, knob brown to dark brown.
Abdomen yellow, but apical half black. Hairs on abdomen pale; dorsum also with golden
yellow and black hairs. Male genitalia (Figs. 49 55): Tergite 8 distinctly wider than long,with a weak mid-anterior incision; sternite 8 nearly quadrate, with widely rounded andsomewhat narrow apex; tergite 9 much wider than long, with a deep nearly trapezoid anterior incision; cercus somewhat acute apically; gonocoxites with anterior margin nearlyYANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

139

Figs. 48 55. Chrysopilus hubeiensis C. YANG et D. YANG, male. 48, Wing; 49, tergites 8 9; 50, sternite
8; 51, tergite 10 and cerci, dorsal view; 52, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 53, genital capsule,dorsal view; 54, cercus, dorso-lateral view; 55, genital capsule, ventral view.

straight; gonostylus curved with thick apex; gonocoxal apodemes slightly divergent anddistinctly curved inwards apically; ejaculatory apodeme somewhat thick at base and flattened apically.
Female. Unknown.
Specimen examined. Holotype ♂, Shennongjia (700 800 m), Hubei, 24. vi. 1980, Xinli
ANG
W
.

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Distribution. China (Hubei).
Remarks. This species may be separated from trimaculatus as shown in the key (couplet
8).
Chrysopilus lii D. YANG, C. YANG et NAGATOMI sp. nov.
(Figs. 56 57)
Female. Antenna, palpus, thorax, legs, and abdomen dark brown to black (tibia somewhat paler than femur). Abdominal tergite 1 and posterior part of tergites 2 4 golden
yellow recumbent haired. Frons much wider than one eye.
Female. Body length 8.5 mm, wing length 8.1 mm. Head black; grayish brown pollinose,
but frons and upper occiput chiefly brown pollinose. Hairs on head pale, but upper marginof occiput with black hairs; frons, upper face and clypeus bare; parafacial distinctly palehaired. Antenna black; scape bare, pedicel black haired, flagellum and arista minutely pale
pubescent. Antennal segments 1 3 subequal in size; arista about 3 times as long as rest ofantenna. Proboscis and palpus dark brown to black with pale hairs, some of which may
become black on the latter. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.4 times higher than long;
width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 0.9 times distance from antennae to

Figs. 56 57. Chrysopilus lii D. YANG, C. YANG et NAGATOMI, sp. nov., female . 56, Wing; 57, abdomen,
lateral view.

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median ocellus, 0.6 times width of frons just above antennae, and 0.5 times width of faceat lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above antenna 1.6 times distancefrom antennae to median ocellus, 0.8 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal
view, and 0.9 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from proboscis to antennae
1.3 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus as wide as long, 1.5 times as wide
as parafacial on a mid line, and 0.5 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus.
Thorax black, and pale gray pollinose; mesonotum and scutellum sooty. Hairs on thorax
pale; margin of mesonotum and basal margin of scutellum with golden yellow recumbent
hairs (mesonotum without black hairs). Legs [hind tarsomere 5 broken off] dark brown to
black, coxa concolorous with pleuron. Hairs on legs black; coxa with longer pale hairs;
femur with chiefly pale hairs which are scale-like dorsally. Wing hyaline; stigma brownish
yellow, reaching to wing margin; veins brown to dark brown; basal section of M2 1.2 times
as long as crossvein m; petiole of anal cell 0.9 times as long as crossvein m-cu. Halter darkbrown to black with basal portion brownish.
Abdomen dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose; tergites 1 4 sooty. Hairs on
abdomen pale; tergite 1 and lateral portion of tergites 2 3 with golden yellow recumbent
hairs.
Male. Unknown.
Holotype ♀, Bomi (2,700 m), Xizang, 24. vii. 1978, Fasheng LI.
Distribution. China (Xizang).
Remarks. This species may be separated from choui as shown in the key (couplet 18).
Chrysopilus lucimaculatus C.YANG et D.YANG(Figs. 58 59)
Chrysopilus lucimaculatus C.YANG et D.YANG, 1992, Acta Ent. Sin., 35: 355. Type locality: Jinxiu, Guangxi.
Female. Wing with a darker band from stigma to base of vein M3, and 1st submarginal
cell with a large paler area. Clypeus, palpus, pleuron, legs (except apical portion of tarsus),and halter yellow. Antenna dark brown. Frons much narrower than (but over 1 2 as wideas) one eye. Mid-upper face short.
Female. Body length 6.5 mm, wing length 7.2 mm. Head black, and pale gray pollinose;clypeus yellow. Hairs on head pale; ocellar tubercle and upper margin of occiput chiefly
black haired; frons with some short black hairs; upper face, parafacial (except lower portion) and clypeus bare. Antenna brown to dark brown, pedicel paler, and arista darker;
scape bare, pedicel black haired, flagellum pale and arista minutely black pubescent. Scapewider than pedicel; flagellum wider than long and longer than pedicel; arista slender and c. 3.4 times as long as rest of antenna. Proboscis and palpus yellow with pale hairs; palpus
spatula-like. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.5 times higher than long; width of one
eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.2 times distance from antennae to median ocellus,

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Figs. 58 59. Chrysopilus lucimaculatus C. YANG et D. YANG, female. 58, Wing; 59, abdomen, lateralview.

1.5 times width of frons just above antennae, and 0.9 times width of face at lowest point in
direct frontal view; width of frons just above antenna 0.8 times distance from antennae tomedian ocellus, 0.6 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view, and 0.9 times
width of frons at median ocellus; distance from proboscis to antennae equal to that fromantennae to median ocellus; clypeus as wide as long, 4.3 times as wide as parafacial, and
0.8 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus; mid-upper face (＝ space between
clypeus and antennae) short.
Thorax yellow, and pale gray pollinose; mesonotum and scutellum dark brownish yellow
with golden yellow recumbent hairs and with some black hairs; pleuron with pale hairs.
Legs yellow, tibia brownish yellow, tarsus brown to dark brown except for tarsomere 1
somewhat paler. Hairs on legs black; coxa with longer pale hairs, fore and mid femora withchiefly pale hairs, hind femur with some black hairs. Wing nearly hyaline to brown and its
apical portion somewhat darker; submarginal cell with a large paler spot just behind stigma;
stigma dark brown, moderately long, nearly reaching to wing margin; veins brown; anal cellclosed before wing margin; basal section of M2 0.2 times as long as crossvein m. Halter
yellow, knob brownish.
Abdomen yellow, and weakly pale gray pollinose; base of tergites 2 5 black, venter darkbrown except sternites 1 2 and posterior part of sternites 3 5. Hairs on abdomen black;YANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

143

tergite 1 with some golden yellow hairs, venter with some pale hairs.
Male. Unknown.
Specimen examined. Holotype ♀, Jinxiu, Guangxi, 15. vii. 1982, Chi-kun Yang.
Distribution. China (Guangxi).
Remarks. This species is similar to nigrimaculatus by having a darker band below
pterostigma but is easily separated from the latter as shown in the key (couplet 5).
Chrysopilus luctuosus BRUNETTI(Figs. 60 61)
Chrysopilus luctuosus BRUNETTI, 1909, Rec. Ind. Mus., 2: 430. Type locality: Assam,
India.
Female. Wing dark brown, but 3rd posterior cell, 5th posterior cell, and axillary cellmaybe largely pale. Antennal flagellum, palpus, thorax, coxa, and abdomen dark brown to
black. Frons much narrower than (but over 1 2 as wide as) one eye.
Female. Body length 5.3 mm, wing length 5.3 mm. Head dark brown, and pale graypollinose; clypeus brownish yellow. Hairs on head black; frons with short black hairs; upper
face, clypeus and parafacial (except extreme lower portion) bare. Antennal scape andFigs. 60 61. Chrysopilus luctuosus BRUNETTI, female. 60, Wing; 61, abdomen, dorsal view.

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pedicel brownish yellow, flagellum and arista dark brown; scape bare, pedicel black haired,flagellum and arista minutely pale pubescent. Flagellum wider than pedicel; arista 3.5 times
as long as rest of antenna. Proboscis brownish yellow with pale hairs; palpus somewhat
flattened, dark brown to black, with black hairs. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.3
times higher than long; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.1 times
distance from antennae to median ocellus, 1.4 times width of frons just above antennae, and
1.0 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above
antenna 0.8 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.7 times width of face atlowest point in direct frontal view, and 0.9 times width of frons at median ocellus; distancefrom proboscis to antennae 1.0 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus as wide
as long, 2.5 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line, and 0.75 times as wide as face at
upper margin of clypeus.
Thorax brownish yellow to brown, and pale gray pollinose; mesonotum (except lateral
margin) and scutellum darker and more or less pale gray pollinose. Hairs on thorax black;mesonotum and scutellum with golden white shorter recumbent hairs besides some black
ones. Legs brownish yellow, coxa somewhat darker and concolorous with pleuron; apicalportion of tarsus darker. Hairs on legs black. Wing strongly dark brown, but posterior
margin somewhat paler; veins brown to dark brown; basal section of M2 short and 0.3 times
as long as crossvein m; petiole of anal cell 0.8 times as long as crossvein m-cu. Halter
yellow, knob dark brown.
Abdomen dark brown, and grayish brown pollinose. Hairs on abdomen black; tergite 2
with white recumbent hairs, apical portion with some pale hairs.
Male. Unknown.
Specimen examined. 1♀, Longsheng, Guangxi, 23. vi. 1982, Chi-kun YANG.
Distribution. China (Guangxi, Taiwan), India, Philippines.
Remarks. This species is similar to trypetopterus BEZZI from Taiwan by having the wing
dark brown but is at once distinguished from the latter as shown in the key (couplet 20).
Chrysopilus mojiangensis C.YANG et D.YANG(Figs. 62 70)
Chrysopilus mojiangensis C.YANG et D.YANG, 1989, Zool. Res., 11: 281. Type locality:
Mojiang, Yunnan.
Male. Palpus, thorax and coxa dark brown to black.
Male. Body length 8.0 mm, wing length 6.5 mm. Head black, and pale gray pollinose.
Hairs on head black; frons, upper face, parafacial (except lower portion) and clypeus bare.
Antennal scape blackish and bare, pedicel yellow and black haired; flagellum dark yellow,
arista dark brown, flagellum and arista minutely pale pubescent. Flagellum not wider thanpedicel; arista roughly 3 times as long as rest of antenna. Proboscis brownish yellow withpale hairs; palpus blackish with black hairs. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.6 times

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higher than long; eye with contiguous portion as long as ocellar triangle; width of one eye
on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.2 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 1.9
times width of frons just above antennae, and 1.1 times width of face at lowest point froma direct frontal view; width of frons just above antenna 0.7 times distance from antennae tomedian ocellus, 0.6 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view, and 5.0 times
width of frons at median ocellus; distance from proboscis to antennae 0.8 times that fromantennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9 times as wide as long, 1.6 times as wide asparafacial on a mid line, and 0.5 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus.
Thorax dark brown, and pale gray pollinose; mesonotum with 3 wide longitudinal darkbrown spots. Mesonotum and scutellum with black and sparse golden yellow hairs; pleuron
with yellow hairs. Legs brownish yellow; coxa darker and concolorous with pleuron; tarsus
especially at apex darker. Hairs on legs black; coxa with long and chiefly black hairs, femur
with golden yellow recumbent hairs on dorsal surface. Wing hyaline; stigma short, darkbrown, not reaching to wing margin; veins brown; basal portion of M2 0.9 times as long as
crossvein m; anal cell closed before wing margin. Halter yellow, knob dark brown.
Abdomen black, and pale gray pollinose; tergites 1 3 yellow with posterior portions darkbrown to black; sternites 1 2 yellow. Hairs on dorsum longer, yellow and black; hairs onventer short and black. Male genitalia (Figs. 64 70): Tergite 8 distinctly wider than long,with a weak anterior incision; sternite 8 nearly quadrate; tergite 9 distinctly wider than long,Figs. 62 63. Chrysopilus mojiangensis C. YANG et D. YANG, male. 62, Wing; 63, basal portion of abdomen, dorsal view.

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Figs. 64 70. Chrysopilus mojiangensis C. YANG et D. YANG, male. 64, Tergites 8 9; 65, tergite 10 andcerci, dorsal view; 66, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 67, cercus, dorso-lateral view; 68, sternite
8; 69, genital capsule, dorsal view; 70, genital capsule, ventral view.

with a nearly trapezoid anterior incision; sternite 10 distinctly wider than long, nearlyquadrate; cercus curved inwards apically, with apex somewhat acute; gonocoxites withanterior margin weakly concave on fused ventral portion; gonostylus weakly curved withoblique apical margin; gonocoxal apodemes nearly parallel; ejaculatory apodeme somewhat
thick basally and gradually tapering toward apex.
Female. Unknown.
Specimen examined. Holotype ♂, Mojiang, Yunnan, 5. iv. 1981, Chi-kun YANG.
Distribution. China (Yunnan).
Remarks. This species may be separated from apicimaculatus as shown in the key (couplet 28).

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147

Chrysopilus nagatomii C.YANG et D.YANG(Figs. 71 79)
Chrysopilus nagatomii C.YANG et D.YANG, 1991, J. Hubei Univ. (Nat. Sci.), 13: 273.
Type locality: Shennongjia, Hubei.
Male and female. Mesonotum, scutellum and abdomen sooty black. Antenna, palpus,
pleuron, and coxa black. Femur, tibia and halter yellow. Clypeus ending far below antennae.
♀ frons wholly shining (except just above antennae) and much wider than one eye.
Male. Body length 11.6 mm, wing length 8.4 mm. Head black, and pale gray pollinose.
Hairs on head pale; occiput with golden yellow hairs; frons and clypeus bare; upper faceand parafacial with distinct yellow hairs. Antenna black, arista dark brown; scape distinctly
pale haired ventrally, pedicel black haired, flagellum and arista minutely pale pubescent;scape and pedicel relatively large but not longer than wide; flagellum narrower than pedicel;[apical portion of arista broken off]. Proboscis and palpus black with yellow hairs. Head(excluding protruded clypeus) 1.3 times higher than long; eye with contiguous portion aslong as ocellar triangle; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.3 times
distance from antennae to median ocellus, 1.9 times width of frons just above antennae, and
1.2 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above
antenna 0.7 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.6 times width of face at

Figs. 71 72. Chrysopilus nagatomii C. YANG et D. YANG, female. 71, Wing; 72, abdomen, dorsal view.

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lowest point from a direct frontal view, and 5.0 times width of frons at median ocellus;
distance from proboscis to antennae 0.9 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus
0.8 times as wide as long, 1.7 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line, and 0.5 times aswide as face at upper margin of clypeus.
Thorax velvety black, and pale gray pollinose. Mesonotum and scutellum with golden
yellow hairs; pleuron with pale hairs. Legs yellow; coxa black and concolorous withpleuron; trochanter black; tarsus brown to dark brown except tarsomere 1 paler. Hairs on
legs pale; coxa with long yellow hairs, tibia with strong black hairs; tarsus wholly black
haired. Wing hyaline; stigma very elongate, yellow, reaching to wing margin; veins pale
brownish yellow; R4 with a distinct basal appendage; basal portion of M2 0.8 times as longFigs. 73 79. Chrysopilus nagatomii C. YANG et D. YANG, male. 73, Tergites 8 9; 74, tergite 10 and cerci,
dorsal view; 75, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 76, cercus, dorso-lateral view; 77, sternite 8; 78,
genital capsule, dorsal view; 79, genital capsule, ventral view.

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149

as crossvein m; anal cell closed near wing margin. Halter yellow.
Abdomen velvety black, and weakly pale gray pollinose. Hairs on abdomen pale; dorsum
with golden yellow hairs, which are denser on tergite 1. Male genitalia (Figs. 73 79):
Tergite 8 much wider than long, with a weak mid-anterior incision; sternite 8 quadrate;
tergite 9 slightly wider than long, with a nearly V-shaped mid-anterior incision; sternite 10
somewhat narrow and rounded apically; gonocoxites with a distinct membranous area on
fused ventral portion and with anterior margin straight; gonostylus distinctly thick mediallywith narrow apex; gonocoxal apodemes weakly convergent and curved outwards apically;
ejaculatory apodeme distinctly thick basally and somewhat flattened apically.
Female. Body length 11.7 15.7 mm, wing length 9.7 12.8 mm. Similar to male except
as follows: Frons polished black except lower margin. Arista 2.5 2.8 times as long as restof antenna. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.4 1.5 times higher than long; width of
one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 0.7 0.9 times distance from antennae to medianocellus, 0.6 times width of frons just above antennae, and 0.5 0.6 times width of face atlowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above antenna 1.3 1.5 times distancefrom antennae to median ocellus, 0.9 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal
view, and 0.9 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from proboscis to antennae
1.2 1.3 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9 1.0 times as wide as long,
1.7 2.0 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line, and 0.5 times as wide as face at upper
margin of clypeus. Wing: basal section of M2 sometimes slightly longer than crossvein m.
[N＝3].
Specimens examined. Holotype ♂, paratypes 2♀♀, Shennongjia (1,700 m), Hubei, 29
30. vi. 1984, Xiao-yuan MAO; paratype 1 ♀ , Shennongjia, 15. vi. 1985, Xiao-yuan
MAO.
Distribution. China (Hubei).
Remarks. This species is very similar to ditissimis but is probably distinguished from thelatter as shown in the key (couplet 14). Further comparative study is necessary on these
two speccies, however.
Chrysopilus neimongolicus C.YANG et D.YANG(Figs. 80 86)
Chrysopilus neimongolicus C.YANG et D.YANG, 1990a, Entomotaxon., 12: 289. Type locality: Liangcheng, Nei Mongol.
Male and female. Body relatively small (wing length 3.9 4.2 mm). Antenna, thorax, andabdomen black. Femur and tibia yellow. Parafacial wide and nearly flat. ♀ frons muchwider than one eye.
Male. Body length 4.0 4.7 mm, wing length 3.9 4.2 mm. Head black, and pale graypollinose. Hairs on head wholly pale; frons, upper face, and clypeus bare; parafacial withsome pale hairs. Antenna black; scape pale haired ventrally, pedicel pale haired, flagellum150South Pacific Study Vol. 17, No. 2, 1997

and arista minutely pale pubescent. In dorsal and inner view, pedicel larger than scape or
flagellum [apical portion of arista broken off]. Proboscis and palpus brownish yellow todark brown with pale hairs. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.4 times higher than long;eyes very narrowly separated and their nearly contiguous portion 1.0 1.2 times as long as
ocellar triangle; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.1 times distancefrom antennae to median ocellus, 1.8 2.0 times width of frons just above antennae, and 1.0
1.1 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above
antenna 0.6 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.5 0.6 times width of face atlowest point in direct frontal view, and 4.3 4.5 times width of frons at median ocellus;
distance from proboscis to antennae 0.7 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus
1.2 times as wide as long, 1.7 1.8 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line, and 0.6 times
as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus. [N＝3].

Figs. 80 86. Chrysopilus neimogolicus C. YANG et D. YANG, male. 80, Wing; 81, tergites 9 10 andcercus, dorsal view; 82, tergite 9, sternite 10 and cercus, ventral view; 83, tergite 8; 84, sternite 8; 85,
genital capsule, dorsal view; 86, genital capsule, ventral view.

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Thorax black, and pale gray pollinose. Mesonotum and scutellum with golden yellow
hairs (without black hairs); pleuron with pale hairs. Legs yellow; coxa either largely yellow
or dark brown; tarsus brown to dark brown except tarsomere 1 somewhat paler. Hairs on
legs black; coxa with long pale hairs, femur with wholly pale hairs which are scale-like on
dorsal surface. Wing hyaline; stigma brown, long, and reaching to wing margin; veinsbrown to dark brown; basal section of M2 as long as crossvein m; anal cell closed before
wing margin. Halter yellow, apical portion dark brown.
Abdomen black, and pale gray pollinose. Dorsum with golden yellow hairs, venter withpale hairs. Male genitalia (Figs. 81 86): Tergite 8 much wider than long, with a V-shaped
anterior incision; sternite 8 quadrate with widely rounded apex; tergite 9 distinctly wider
than long, somewhat narrow posteriorly, with a distinct anterior incision; sternite 10 nearlyquadrate with widely rounded apex; gonocoxites with a distinct membranous area on fusedventral portion and with anterior margin straight; gonostylus obtuse apically, with a distinct
apical concavity; gonocoxal apodemes somewhat divergent; ejaculatory apodeme somewhat
thick basally.
Female. Body length 4.3 mm, wing length 4.0 mm. Similar to male except as follows:
Frons with short black hairs. Arista roughly 2.5 times as long as rest of antenna. Head(excluding protruded clypeus) 1.3 times higher than long; width of one eye on a mid line
in direct frontal view 0.8 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.6 times widthof frons just above antennae, and 0.4 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal
view; width of frons just above antenna 1.3 times distance from antennae to median ocellus,
0.7 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view, and 0.9 times width of frons
at median ocellus; distance from proboscis to antennae 1.1 times that from antennae tomedian ocellus; clypeus 1.2 times as wide as long, 1.9 times as wide as parafacial, and 0.6
times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus.
Specimens examined. Holotype ♂, paratypes 2♂♂, 1♀, Liangcheng, Nei Mongol, 2.
viii. 1978, Chi-kun YANG.
Distribution. China (Nei Mongol).
Remarks. This species is similar to gansuensis by having the body smaller and parafacial
wide and nearly flat, but may be separated from the latter by the yellow femur (not darkbrown to black). It resembles nigrimarginatus, xanthocromus and shaanxiensis in somerespects but may be easily separated from them as shown in the key (couplets 23 and 39).
Chrysopilus nigripalpis BEZZI
Chrysopilus nigripalpis BEZZI, 1912, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., 10: 448. Type locality:
Kanshirei or Toyenmongai, Taiwan.
For redescription of this species, see NAGATOMI (1986).
Distribution. China (Taiwan).
Remarks. This species is very similar to fenestratus and basiflavus but may be separated

152South Pacific Study Vol. 17, No. 2, 1997

from them as shown in the key (couplets 9 and 10).
Chrysopilus nigrimaculatus D.YANG et C.YANG(Figs. 87 95)
Chrysopilus nigrimaculatus D.YANG et C.YANG, 1991, Acta Agric. Univ. Pekin., 17: 92.
Type locality: Bomi, Xizang.
Male. [Head, fore tarsus and mid femur broken off]. Wing with a darker band below
stigma. Thorax and legs (except apical portion of tarsus) yellow.
Male. Body length c. 8.0 mm, wing length 9.2 mm. [Head broken off and not yet described].
Thorax yellow, and pale gray pollinose; mesonotum dark yellow. Mesonotum andscutellum with black hairs; mesonotum also with some golden yellow recumbent hairs;Figs. 87 95. Chrysopilus nigrimaculatus D. YANG et C. YANG, male. 87, Wing; 88, basal portion of
abdomen, lateral view; 89, sternite 8; 90, tergites 9 10 and cerci, dorsal view; 91, tergite 9, sternite
10 and cerci, ventral view; 92, tergite 8; 93, cercus, dorso-lateral view; 94, genital capsule, dorsal
view; 95, genital capsule, ventral view.

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pleuron with yellow hairs. Legs [mid femur and fore tarsus broken off] yellow; tibiabrownish; tarsus brown to dark brown. Hairs on legs black; coxa with chiefly pale hairs;
femur with some pale hairs. Wing hyaline, tinged with yellow on anterior field; stigma darkbrown, reaching to wing margin; a brown transverse spot just below stigma reaching toapex of discal cell; veins brownish yellow to brown; basal section of M2 rather short, 0.4
times as long as crossvein m; anal cell closed before wing margin. Halter dark yellow withyellow base.
Abdomen yellow, and pale gray pollinose; tergites 3 7 with a black basal spot (the spot
on tergites 3 5 is more or less divided medially). Hairs on abdomen chiefly black. Male
genitalia (Figs. 89 95): Tergite 8 much wider than long, with a distinct mid-anterior incision; sternite 8 quadrate; tergite 9 distinctly wider than long, with a V-shaped anterior
incision; sternite 10 nearly quadrate; cercus triangular in dorsal view, and nearly trapezoid
in ventral view; gonocoxites with a weak anterior incision on fused ventral portion;
gonostylus curved, somewhat narrow and obtuse apically; gonocoxal apodemes nearlyparallel; ejaculatory apodeme curved apically.
Female. Unknown.
Specimen examined. Holotype ♂, Bomi (2,300 m), Xizang, 16. vi. 1978, Fasheng
LI.
Distribution. China (Xizang).
Remarks. This species is similar to lucimaculatus by having a darker band below
pterostigma, but is easily separated from the latter as shown in the key (couplet 5).
Chrysopilus nigrimarginatus C.YANG et D.YANG(Figs. 96 104)
Chrysopilus nigrimarginatus C.YANG et D.YANG, 1990b, Zool. Res., 11: 281. Type locality: Ruili, Yunnan.
Male and female. Thorax largely dark brown. Legs (except apical portion of tarsus)
yellow. ♀ frons somewhat narrower toward antennae and face nearly parallel-sided. ♀
frons at narrowest point somewhat less than width of one eye.
Male. Body length 6.6 7.1 mm, wing length 5.6 5.7 mm. Head black, and pale graypollinose. Hairs on head pale; frons, upper face, parafacial and clypeus bare. Antennal scapebrown to dark brown, pedicel and flagellum yellow, arista dark brown; scape bare, pedicel
black haired, flagellum and arista minutely pale pubescent. Pedicel distinctly larger thanscape and flagellum; arista slender and roughly 4 4.5 times as long as flagellum. Proboscis
yellow with pale hairs; palpus black with pale hairs. Head (excluding protruded clypeus)
1.5 1.6 times higher than long; eye with contiguous portion 1.6 2.0 times as long as ocellar
triangle; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.1 times distance fromantennae to median ocellus, 2.2 2.4 times width of frons just above antennae, and 1.2 times
width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above antenna 0.4

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Figs. 96 97. Chrysopilus nigrimarginatus C. YANG et D. YANG, male. 96, Wing; 97, abdomen, lateralview.

0.5 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.5 0.6 times width of face at lowest
point in direct frontal view, and 3.4 3.9 times width of frons at median ocellus; distancefrom proboscis to antennae 0.6 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9 1.0
times as wide as long, 2.0 2.1 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line, and 0.6 times aswide as face at upper margin of clypeus. [N＝2].
Thorax dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose; pronotum, humerus and postalar
callus yellow. Mesonotum and scutellum with many recumbent golden yellow hairs;
mesonotum also with some longer black or pale hairs; pleuron with yellow hairs. Legs
yellow; tibia brownish yellow; tarsus dark brown except tarsomere 1 (except apex) somewhat paler. Hairs on legs black; coxa with longer pale hairs, femur with some pale hairs.
Wing hyaline with brownish apex; stigma short, dark brown; apex of marginal cell pale;veins brownish to brown; basal section of M2 as long as crossvein m; anal cell closed
before wing margin. Halter yellow with apical portion dark brown.
Abdomen black, and pale gray pollinose; tergites 1 2 yellow except for side of tergites
1 2 and posterior part of tergite 2, sternites 1 2 yellow. Hairs on abdomen chiefly black;tergites 1 6 with many golden yellow recumbent hairs. Male genitalia (Figs. 98 104):
Tergite 8 wider than long, with a distinct anterior incision; sternite 8 quadrate, longer thanwide; tergite 9 distinctly wider than long, with a nearly V-shaped anterior incision; sternite
10 with wide apex (which is weakly narrowed); cercus somewhat acute apically;
gonocoxites with a distinct anterior incision on fused ventral portion; gonostylus elongate,

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Figs. 98 104. Chrysopilus nigrimarginatus C. YANG et D. YANG, male. 98, Tergites 9 10 and cerci, dorsal
view; 99, tergite 8; 100, tergite 9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 101, cerci, dorso-lateral view;
102, sternite 8; 103, genital capsule, dorsal view; 104, genital capsule, ventral view.

weakly curved, with apical margin weakly concave; gonocoxal apodemes nearly parallel,
weakly curved outward; ejaculatory apodeme distinctly thick basally and somewhat flattened apically.
Female. Body length 5.1 mm, wing length 5.5 mm. Similar to male except as follows:
Frons with sparse and short pale hairs. Arista roughly 3.5 times as long as rest of antenna.
Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.5 times higher than long; width of one eye on a midline in direct frontal view 1.1 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 1.1 times
width of frons just above antennae, and 0.9 times width of face at lowest point in direct
frontal view; width of frons just above antenna 1.1 times distance from antennae to medianocellus, 0.8 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view, and 0.8 times widthof frons at median ocellus; distance from proboscis to antennae 1.1 times that from antennae

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to median ocellus; clypeus 0.8 times as wide as long, 3.0 times as wide as parafacial, and
0.6 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus. Mesonotum without black hairs.
Abdomen entirely blackish brown to dark brown with pale hairs.
Specimens examined. Holotype ♂, paratype 1♂, 1♀, Ruili, Yunnan, 2 4. v. 1981,
Chi-kun Yang.
Distribution. China (Yunnan).
Remarks. This species is similar to xanthocromus but is separated from the latter asshown in the key (couplet 24).
Chrysopilus ningminganus C.YANG et D.YANG(Figs. 105 106)
Chrysopilus ningminganus C.YANG et D.YANG, 1993a, J. Guangxi Acad. Sci., 9: 51. Type
locality: Ningming, Guangxi.
Female. Apical part of wing distad from the line between stigma and base of M3 darker.
Clypeus, thorax, coxa and femur yellow. Abdomen largely yellow but segment 4 entirely
black. Frons at narrowest point less than 1 2 as wide as one eye. Palpus large and spatulate.
Female. Body length 10.5 mm, wing length 11.0 mm. Head black, and pale graypollinose. Frons with a violet lustre in certain lights. Hairs on head pale, but upper occiput,
vertex, frons and parafacial with black hairs. Antenna dark brown to black, arista darkFigs. 105 106. Chrysopilus ningminganus C. YANG et D. YANG, female. 105, Wing; 106, abdomen, lateralview.

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brown; scape bare, pedicel black haired, flagellum white pubescent, arista black haired. In
outer view, pedicel distinctly smaller than scape or flagellum; flagellum much wider thanlong; arista slender and long [but not measured]. Proboscis yellow with yellow hairs;
palpus dark brown with dark yellow base and minute white pubescent (basal portion withsome longer yellow hairs); palpus large and spatula-like. Head (excluding protruded
clypeus) 1.4 times higher than long; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view
1.3 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 1.6 times width of frons just above
antennae, and 1.0 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons
just above antenna 0.8 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.6 times width offace at lowest point in direct frontal view, and 1.2 times width of frons at median ocellus;
distance from ridge below proboscis to antennae 0.9 times that from antennae to medianocellus; clypeus 0.9 times as wide as long, 3.3 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line, and
0.7 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus.
Thorax yellow, mesonotum and scutellum brownish yellow; mesonotum may have one
median longitudinal spot and two pairs of small lateral spots which are indistinct andbrownish. Mesonotum and scutellum with short black hairs; pleuron with chiefly yellow
hairs. Legs yellow, but tibia brownish yellow and tarsus dark brown. Hairs on legs black,but coxa yellow haired; fore and mid femora partly yellow haired. Wing hyaline, tinged
with yellow particularly on costal field; apical portion darker; stigma shorter, dark brown,
not reaching to wing margin; veins brownish yellow to brown; basal section of M2 0.3
times as long as crossvein m. Halter brown to dark brown, but yellow basally.
Abdomen yellow to brownish yellow, but segments 4 and 8 9, sternite 5 (except
posterolateral part) and posterior part of sternite 3 dark brown to black. Hairs on abdomen
chiefly black and recumbent.
Male. Unknown.
Specimen examined. Holotype ♀, Ningming, Guangxi, 19. v. 1984, Fasheng LI.
Distribution. China (Guangxi).
Remarks. This species is similar to grandis (which is possibly identical with ferruginosus) but may be separated from the latter as shown in the key (couplet 6).
Chrysopilus obscuralatus D.YANG et C.YANG(Figs. 107 114)
Chrysopilus obscuralatus D.YANG et C.YANG, 1989, Entomotaxon., 11: 245. Type locality:
Huanglong, Shaanxi.
Chrysopilus ningxianus D.YANG et C.YANG, 1991, Acta Agric. Univ. Pekin., 17: 94. Type
locality: Lupan Mountain, Ningxia. New synonymy.
Male. Antenna, palpus, thorax, coxa, femur, and abdomen dark brown to black. Palpus
stout and longer than clypeus. Clypeus ending far below antennae. Parafacial wide and over1 2 as wide as clypeus. ♀ frons much wider than one eye and ♀ face parallel-sided.

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Male. Body length 7.4 mm, wing length 6.8 mm. Head black, and pale gray pollinose.
Hairs on head pale, but ocellar tubercle and upper margin of occiput with black hairs; frons,
upper face, parafacial and clypeus bare. Antenna black; scape bare, pedicel black haired,flagellum and arista minutely pale haired. Flagellum somewhat longer than wide and thanpedicel, not wider than pedicel; arista stout and roughly twice as long as rest of antenna.
Proboscis blackish with black hairs; palpus black with long pale hairs (except apex withsome black hairs). Palpus robust and not shorter than clypeus. Head (excluding protruded
clypeus) 1.4 times higher than long; eye with contiguous portion 1.4 times as long as
ocellar triangle; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.2 times distancefrom antennae to median ocellus, 1.6 times width of frons just above antennae, and 1.0
times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above antenna

Figs. 107 114. Chrysopilus obscuralatus D. YANG et C. YANG, male. 107, Wing; 108, sternite 8; 109,
tergites 9 10; 110, tergite 10 and cerci, dorsal view; 111, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 112,
cercus, dorso-lateral veiw; 113, genital capsule, dorsal view; 114, genital capsule, ventral view.

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0.7 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.6 times width of face at lowest point
in direct frontal view, and 5.6 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from proboscis to antennae 0.8 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus as wide as long, 1.6
times as wide as parafacial on a mid line, and 0.5 times as wide as face at upper margin ofclypeus.
Thorax dark brown, and pale gray pollinose; mesonotum with one mid-longitudinal
darker spot and two pairs of darker lateral spots. Mesonotum and scutellum with golden
yellow hairs (mesonotum also with some black hairs); pleuron with plae hairs. Legs black;coxa concolorous with pleuron; tip of femur yellow; tibia pale brownish yellow; tarsus
brown to dark brown except tarsomere 1 brownish yellow. Hairs on legs black; coxa withlong pale hairs; femur with pale recumbent dorsal hairs. Wing hyaline; stigma brownish
yellow, longer and about 1 3 as long as cell R1, reaching to wing margin; veins brown todark brown; basal section of M2 nearly as long as crossvein m; anal cell closed before wing
margin. Halter yellow with apical half dark brown.
Abdomen black, and gray pollinose; dorsum with golden yellow and chiefly recumbent
hairs, venter with pale hairs, genitalia with chiefly black hairs. Male genitalia (FIgs. 108
114): Tergite 8 much wider than long, without distinct anterior incision; sternite 8 nearlyquadrate; tergite 9 with a deep anterior incision; sternite 10 with broad apex; cercus bandlike, somewhat curved inward apically; gonocoxites with a large membranous area on fusedventral portion; gonocoxal apodemes parallel; gonostylus curved and rounded apically;
ejaculatory apodeme thick basally, and somewhat flattened apically.
Female. Body length 8.2 mm, wing length 8.3 mm. Similar to male except as follows:
Frons and face each much wider than one eye; frons with short black hairs. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.5 times higher than long; width of one eye on a mid line in direct
frontal view 0.7 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.5 times width of frons
just above antennae, and 0.4 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; widthof frons just above antenna 1.5 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.9 times
width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view, and 0.9 times width of frons at medianocellus; distance from proboscis to antennae 1.1 times that from antennae to median ocellus;
clypeus 1.1 times as wide as long, 1.4 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line, and 0.4
times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus. Hairs on abdominal tergites 1 4 white.
Specimens examined. 1♂, 1♀ (holotype and paratype of ningxianus), Lupan Mountain(2,100 m), Ningxia, 14. vii. 1980, Chi-Kun Yang.
Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Ningxia).
Remarks. It has been found that there is no significant difference between obscuralatus
and ningxianus. C. obscuralatus (＝ C. ningxianus) is similar to pingquanus but is separated from the latter as shown in the key (couplet 32).

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Chrysopilus pallipilosus C.YANG et D.YANG(Fig. 115)
Chrysopilus pallipilosus C.YANG et D.YANG, 1992, Acta Ent. Sin., 35: 354. Type locality:
Jinxiu, Guangxi.
Female. Antenna, palpus, thorax, coxa, femur and abdomen dark brown to black. Fronsat narrowest point somewhat wider than one eye.
Female. Body length 6.0 mm, wing length 6.7 mm. Head black, and pale gray pollinose.
Hairs on head black; frons with short black hairs; parafacial black haired; upper face andclypeus bare. Antenna brown, arista dark brown; scape bare, pedicel black haired, flagellum
and arista minutely pale pubescent. Flagellum about as wide as pedicel; arista slender androughly 4 times as long as rest of antenna. Proboscis and palpus dark brown to black andwith black hairs which are chiefly pale on the former. Head (excluding protruded clypeus)
1.4 times higher than long; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.3 times
distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.9 times width of frons just above antennae, and
0.7 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above
antenna 1.5 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.9 times width of face atlowest point in direct frontal view, and 0.9 times width of frons at median ocellus; distancefrom proboscis to antennae 1.4 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9
times as wide as long, 3.3 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line, and 0.7 times as wide
as face at upper margin of clypeus. Upper face much shorter than clypeus.
Thorax dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose. Hairs on thorax black; mesonotumand scutellum with chiefly white and shorter recumbent hairs; metapleuron with chiefly palehairs. Legs brownish yellow to dark brownish yellow; coxa black and concolorous withpleuron; tarsus brown to dark brown except tarsomere 1 somewhat pale. Hairs on legs
black; coxa with black hairs; femur with some pale erect hairs and with pale recumbent

Fig. 115. Chrysopilus pallipilosus C. YANG et D. YANG, female wing.

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dorsal hairs. Wing hyaline, indistinctly tinged with brown on apical portion; stigma darkbrown, not reaching to wing margin; veins dark brown; R4 with a short basal appendage;basal portion of M2 1.2 times as long as crossvein m; anal cell closed before wing margin.
Halter yellow, knob dark brown.
Abdomen black, and more or less pale gray pollinose. Hairs on abdomen dense andblack; tergite 1 wholly white chiefly recumbent haired; tergites 2 4 with white recumbent
hairs on anterior border.
Male. Unknown.
Specimen examined. Holotype ♀, Jinxiu, Guangxi, 14. vi. 1982, Chi-kun Yang.
Distribution. China (Guangxi).
Remarks. This species is similar to guangxiensis and sauteri but may be separated fromthe latter as shown in the key (couplets 33 and 42).
Chrysopilus parvus D.YANG, C.YANG et NAGATOMI sp. nov.
(Figs. 116 123)
Male. Body rather smaller (wing length 4.3 mm). Antenna, palpus, thorax, and abdomen
dark brown to black. Legs also dark brown to black, but tibia and tarsomere 1 brown orsomewhat paler than femur. Hairs on gena and palpus black. Parafacial about as wide asclypeus. Flagellum longer than wide and than pedicel. Arista stout and less than twice aslong as rest of antenna.
Male. Body length 4.8 mm, wing length 4.3 mm. Head black, and pale gray pollinose.
Hairs black and those on ocellar tubercle and upper occiput very short; frons, upper face,parafacial and clypeus bare. Antenna dark brown; pedicel black haired; flagellum palehaired. Scape distinctly shorter than pedicel; flagellum longer than wide and than pedicel;
arista stout and less than 2 times as long as rest of antenna. Proboscis and palpus darkbrown with black hairs. Palpus slender and longer than clypeus. Head (excluding protruded
clypeus) 1.2 times higher than long; eye with contiguous portion 1.5 times as long as
ocellar triangle; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.0 times distancefrom antennae to median ocellus, 1.5 times width of frons just above antennae, and 0.9
times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above antenna
0.6 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.8 times width of face at lowest pointfrom a direct frontal view, and 5.9 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance fromproboscis to antennae 0.8 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus as wide as
long, as wide as parafacial, and 0.4 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus.
Thorax dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose. Mesonotum and scutellum withlonger black hairs and shorter pale ones; propleuron and metapleuron pale haired. Legs darkbrown to black; coxa concolorous with pleuron; tibia brownish yellow; tarsus brown to darkbrown except tarsomere 1 somewhat paler. Hairs on legs black; hind coxa and femur partly
pale haired. Wing hyaline; stigma brown, less than 3 times as long as wide, truncate at bothends, and not reaching to wing margin; veins brown to dark brown; basal section of M2 0.8

162South Pacific Study Vol. 17, No. 2, 1997

Figs. 116 123. Chrysopilus parvus D. YANG, C. YANG et NAGATOMI sp. nov., male. 116, Wing; 117,
tergite 8; 118, tergites 9 10 and cerci, dorsal view; 119, cercus, dorso-lateral view; 120, sternite 8;
121, tergite 9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 122, genital capsule, dorsal view; 123, genital
capsule, ventral view.

times as long as crossvein m; anal cell closed near wing margin. Halter brown to darkbrown with base of stem brown.
Abdomen dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose. Dorsum pale haired, venter black
haired. Male genitalia (Figs. 117 123): Tergite 8 much wider than long, with a weak
mid-anterior incision; sternite 8 nearly as wide as long, somewhat narrow apically; tergite
9 wider than long, with a trapezoid anterior incision; sternite 10 broad, with widely rounded
apex; cercus as in figures; gonocoxites with anterior margin nearly straight on fused ventral
portion; gonostylus long and thick, with apical margin oblique and weakly concave;gonocoxal apodemes nearly parallel; ejaculatory apodeme thick basally.
Female. Unknown.
Holotype ♂, Shangyou, Jiangxi, 1. v. 1978, Chi-kun YANG.
Distribution. China (Jiangxi).

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Remarks. This species is most closely related to gansuensis but may be easily separated
from the latter as shown in the key (couplet 30).
Chrysopilus pingquanus D.YANG, C.YANG et NAGATOMI sp. nov.
(Figs. 124 129)
Male and female. Antenna, palpus, thorax, coxa and abdomen dark brown to black.
Femur, tibia and tarsomere 1 brownish yellow to yellow. Hairs on gena and palpus pale.
Parafacial abundantly pale haired. ♀ frons much wider than one eye.
Male. Body length 7.6 8.0 mm, wing length 6.6 6.9 mm. Head black, and pale graypollinose. Hairs on head pale, but upper occiput and ocellar tubercle black haired; frons,
upper face bare; clypeus sparsely haired, parafacial abundantly haired. Antenna dark brown
to black; scape bare, pedicel black or pale haired, flagellum and arista minutely pale pubescent. Arista less than 3 times as long as rest of antenna. Proboscis brownish yellow to brownwith pale hairs; palpus dark brown with pale hairs. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.3
1.5 times higher than long; eye with contiguous portion 1.2 1.3 times as long as ocellar
triangle; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.1 1.2 times distance fromantennae to median ocellus, 2.9 3.1 times width of frons just above antennae, and 0.9 1.0
times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above antenna
0.3 0.4 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.3 0.35 times width of face atlowest point in direct frontal view, and 4.0 4.3 times width of frons at median ocellus;
distance from proboscis to antennae 0.6 0.7 times that from antennae to median ocellus;
clypeus 0.9 1.0 times as wide as long, 1.1 1.5 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line,

Figs. 124 129. Chrysopilus pingquanus D. YANG, C. YANG et NAGATOMI sp. nov., male. 124, Wing; 125,
tergite 8; 126, tergites 9 10 and cerci, dorsal view; 127, tergite 9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view;
128, genital capsule, dorsal view; 129, sternite 8.

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and 0.4 0.6 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus. [N＝4].
Thorax dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose; mesonotum with three wide darker
spots. Thorax with pale or yellow hairs which are mostly recumbent on mesonotum. Legs
brownish yellow; coxa black and concolorous with pleuron; tarsus somewhat darker
apically. Hairs on legs black; coxa long pale haired, femur shorter pale haired. Wing hyaline, weakly tinged with brown; stigma dark brown, elongate, reaching to wing margin;veins brownish yellow; R4 with a short appendage; basal section of M2 0.3 times as longas crossvein m; anal cell closed near wing margin. Halter yellow, knob black.
Abdomen dark brown to black, pale gray pollinose and pale haired. Male genitalia (Figs.
125 129): Tergite 8 much wider than long, with a distinct mid-anterior incision; sternite 8nearly quadrate, longer than wide; tergite 9 wider than long, with a arcuate anterior incision;
sternite 10 quadrate, weakly concave mid-posteriorly; cercus as in figure and somewhat
acute apically; gonocoxites with anterior margin nearly straight on fused ventral portion;
gonostylus thick and curved; gonocoxal apodemes nearly parallel; ejaculatory apodeme
curved basally.
Female. Body length 8.0 8.3 mm, wing length 7.5 9.1 mm. Similar to male except asfollows: Frons with black hairs. Palpus wider than long and than pedicel. Head (excluding
protruded clypeus) 1.3 times higher than long; width of one eye on a mid line in direct
frontal view 1.0 1.3 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.6 0.7 times widthof frons just above antennae, and 0.5 0.6 times width of face at lowest point in direct
frontal view; width of frons just above antenna 1.6 2.0 times distance from antennae tomedian ocellus, 0.7 0.8 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view, and 0.8
0.9 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from proboscis to antennae 2.0 times
that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9 1.0 times as wide as long, 1.3 1.4 times
as wide as parafacial, and 0.45 0.5 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus.
[N＝2]. Hairs on abdomen shorter than in ♂, and mostly recumbent.
Holotype ♂, paratypes 6♂♂, 2♀♀, Pingquan (2,000 m), Hebei, 2 4. vii. 1986,
Fasheng LI.
Distribution. China (Hebei).
Remarks. This species falls in couplets 32 and 41 according to the interpretation of femur
coloration and is similar to obscuralatus (＝ ningxianus), guangxiensis, sauteri andpallipilosus, but may be separated from them as shown in the key.
Chrysopilus pingxianganus C.YANG et D.YANG(Figs. 130 131)
Chrysopilus pingxianganus C.YANG et D.YANG, 1992, Acta. Ent. Sin., 35: 353. Type locality: Pingxiang, Guangxi.
Female. Mesonotum, scutellum and abdomen possibly sooty black [examined specimen
is not in good condition]. Palpus, pleuron and coxa dark brown to black. Femur (except

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165

base of fore and mid femora) and tibia yellow. Frons somewhat wider than one eye.
Female. Body length 8.0 mm, wing length 8.2 mm. Head black, and pale gray pollinose;clypeus dark yellow. Hairs on head pale; frons and lower part of parafacial with someindistinct pale hairs; upper face and clypeus bare. [Antennal flagellum and arista brokenoff]. Scape black and bare, pedicel brownish with black hairs. In dorsal or outer view, scapesomewhat larger than pedicel. Proboscis brownish yellow with pale hairs; palpus black withblack hairs. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.5 times higher than long; width of one
eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 0.9 times distance from antennae to median ocellus,
0.9 times width of frons just above antennae, and 0.7 times width of face at lowest point in
direct frontal view; width of frons just above antenna 1.0 times distance from antennae tomedian ocellus, 0.8 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view, and 0.8 times
width of frons at median ocellus; distance from proboscis to antennae 1.0 times that fromantennae to median ocellus; clypeus as wide as long, 3.0 times as wide as parafacial on a
mid line, and 0.7 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus. Upper face distinctly
shorter than clypeus.
Thorax dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose. Mesonotum and scutellum withsome black hairs (on lateral margin before suture, postalar ridge, and posterior part ofscutellum) and with dense golden yellow recumbent hairs [which were probably rubbed off
except antero-lateral part of mesonotum]; pleuron with pale hairs. Legs yellow; coxa darkbrown and concolorous with pleuron; trochanter dark brown; base of fore and mid femora
blackish; tarsus brown to dark brown, but tarsomere 1 (except apical portion) paler. Hairs
on legs black; coxa with black hairs, femur with chiefly pale hairs. Wing hyaline; stigma
brown to dark brown, reaching or nearly reaching to wing margin; veins brown to darkbrown; basal portion of M2 1.2 times as long as crossvein m; anal cell closed before wing
margin. Halter yellow, knob (except for base) brown to dark brown.
Abdomen dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose; apical portion of tergite 1

Figs. 130 131. Chrysopilus pinxianganus C.YANG et D.YANG, female. 130, Wing; 131, basal portion of
abdomen, dorsal view.

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brownish yellow, tergite 4 (except base) and tergite 5 yellow. Hairs on abdomen pale.
Male. Unknown.
Specimen examined. Holotype ♀, Pingxiang, Guangxi, 11. v. 1963, Chi-kun YANG.
Distribution. China (Guangxi).
Remarks. This species would be similar to yunnanensis (if mesonotum, scutellum andabdomen sooty in pingxianganus), but may be separated from the latter as shown in the key(couplet 17). It would be similar to shaanxiensis (if mesonotum, scutellum and abdomen
not sooty in pingxianganus), but may be separated from the latter by having the palpus withblack hairs.
Chrysopilus poecilopterus BEZZI
Chrysopilus poecilopterus BEZZI, 1912, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., 10: 450. Type locality:
Toyenomgai or Fuhosho, Taiwan.
Chrysopilus amamiensis NAGATOMI, 1968, Mushi, 42: 33. Type locality: Amami Oshima.
For taxonomic notes on this species, see NAGATOMI (1968, 1978, 1986c) and
NAGATOMI & KANMIYA (1968).
Distribution. China (Taiwan), Japan.
Chrysopilus ruiliensis C.YANG et D.YANG(Figs. 132 139)
Chrysopilus ruiliensis C.YANG et D.YANG, 1990b, Zool. Res., 11: 280. Type locality: Ruili,
Yunnan.
Male. Apical part of wing (distad from the line between stigma and base of M3) darker.
Antenna, palpus, thorax, coxa and abdomen dark brown to black.
Male. Body length 6.0 mm, wing length 5.0 mm. Head black, and pale gray pollinose.
Hairs on head pale, but ocellar tubercle and upper occiput with relatively long black hairs;
frons, upper face, parafacial (except lower portion with short black hairs) and clypeus bare.
Antenna black; scape bare, pedicel black haired; flagellum and arista minutely pale pubescent. Flagellum not wider than pedicel; arista roughly 3 times as long as rest of antenna.
Proboscis brownish yellow with pale hairs; palpus black with chiefly pale hairs. Head(excluding protruded clypeus) 1.5 times higher than long; eye with contiguous portion 1.7
times as long as ocellar triangle; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.1
times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 2.2 times width of frons just above antennae, and 1.1 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons justabove antenna 0.5 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.5 times width of faceat lowest point in direct frontal view, and 3.9 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from proboscis to antennae 0.8 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus

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Figs. 132 139. Chrysopilus ruiliensis C. YANG et D. YANG, male. 132, Wing; 133, tergites 8 9; 134,
tergite 10 and cerci, dorsal view; 135, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 136, sternite 8; 137, cercus,
dorso-lateral view; 138, genital capsule, dorsal view; 139, genital capsule, ventral view.

0.9 times as wide as long, 2.0 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line, and 0.5 times widthof face at upper margin of clypeus.
Thorax black, and pale gray pollinose. Hairs on thorax pale; mesonotum and scutellum
with some longer black hairs and sparse golden yellow chiefly recumbent hairs. Legs brownto dark brown; coxa darker and concolorous with pleuron; tibia brownish yellow. Hairs on
legs black; coxa with longer pale hairs; femur with chiefly pale hairs and with scale-likepale dorsal hairs. Wing hyaline; stigma short and broad, dark brown, reaching or nearlyreaching to wing margin; apical portion entirely brownish; veins brown to dark brown;basal portion of M2 0.8 times as long as crossvein m; anal cell closed before wing margin.
Halter yellow, knob dark brown.
Abdomen slender, black, and pale gray pollinose. Hairs on abdomen chiefly pale andthose on dorsum long; tergites 1 3 with some golden yellow recumbent hairs. Male genitalia (Figs. 133 139): Tergite 8 distinctly wider than long, with a nearly V-shaped anterior
incision; sternite 8 quadrate; tergite 9 distinctly wider than long, with a distinct anterior

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incision; stergite 10 with apex distinctly narrow and obtuse; cercus somewhat acute apicallyin dorsal view; gonocoxites with a distinct anterior incision on fused ventral portion;
gonostylus somewhat curved, with apex truncate; gonocoxal apodemes nearly parallel,slightly curved inwards apically; ejaculatory apodeme somewhat wider basally.
Female. Unknown.
Specimen examined. Holotype ♂, Ruili, Yunnan, 29. iv. 1981, Chi-kun YANG.
Distribution. China (Yunnan).
Remarks. Among the Chinese species whose pleuron is dark brown to black, C. ruiliensis
is characterized by having the apical part of wing (distad from stigma) darker.
Chrysopilus sauteri BEZZI
Chrysopilus sauteri BEZZI, 1907, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., 5: 564. Type locality: Takao,
Taiwan.
Leptis basalis MATSUMURA, 1915, Kontyu-bunruigaku, part 2, p. 39. Type locality:
Sapporo, Hokkaido (preoccupied by Leptis basalis PHILIPPI, 1865 from Chile andChrysopilus basalis WALKER, 1860 from Mexico).
Chrysopilus matsumurai NAGATOMI, 1968, Mushi, 42: 42 (new name for Leptis basalis M
ATSUMURA, 1915).
For taxonomic notes on sauteri (＝ basalis; matsumurai), see NAGATOMI (1968, 1978,1986c) and NAGATOMI & KANMIYA (1968).
Distribution. China (Taiwan), Japan.
Chrysopilus shaanxiensis D.YANG et C.YANG(Figs. 140 147)
Chrysopilus shaanxiensis D.YANG et C.YANG, 1989, Entomotaxon., 11: 244. Type locality:
Chang’an, Shaanxi.
Male and female. Antenna, palpus, thorax, coxa and abdomen black. Femur and tibia
yellow. Mesonotum, scutellum and abdominal dorsum with golden yellow recumbent hairs.
Stigma short, truncate at both ends and not reaching to wing margin. Female frons somewhat wider than one eye.
Male. Body length 5.9 7.5 mm, wing length 6.4 6.5 mm. Head dark brown to black, andpale gray pollinose. Hairs on head pale, but ocellar tubercle black haired; frons, parafacial(except lower portion) and clypeus bare. Antenna dark brown to black; scape bare, pedicel
black haired, flagellum pale pubescent. Pedicel longer than scape and flagellum; arista
roughly 3 times as long as rest of antenna. Proboscis yellow with pale hairs; palpus darkbrown to black with chiefly black hairs. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.4 1.6 times
higher than long; eye with contiguous portion 1.7 2.0 times as long as ocellar triangle;

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169

width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 0.9 1.0 times as long as distance fromantennae to median ocellus, 1.7 1.8 times width of frons at median ocellus, and 1.1 1.3
times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above antenna
0.5 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.6 times width of face at lowest point
in direct frontal view, and 7.4 7.6 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance fromproboscis to antennae 0.6 0.7 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9 1.0

Figs. 140 147. Chrysopilus shaanxiensis D. YANG et C. YANG, male. 140, Wing; 141, tergite 8; 142,
tergites 9 10 and cerci, dorsal view; 143, tergite 9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 144, sternite
8; 145, cercus, dorso-lateral view; 146, genital capsule, dorsal view; 147, genital capsule, ventral
view.

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times as wide as long, 1.8 1.9 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line, and 0.5 times aswide as face at upper margin of clypeus. [N＝3].
Thorax dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose. Mesonotum and scutellum withrecumbent golden yellow hairs and with some black hairs. Legs yellow, coxa dark brown
and concolorous with pleuron; tibia brownish yellow; tarsus dark brown, but tarsomere 1(except for apex) brownish yellow. Hairs on legs black, but coxa and femur with pale hairs
which are scale-like on dorsal surface of the latter. Wing hyaline; stigma pale yellow, short,truncate at both ends, and not reaching to wing margin; veins brownish to dark brown; basal
section of M2 1.2 times as long as crossvein m; petiole of anal cell usually longer than m-cu
crossvein. Halter pale yellow, knob (except base) dark brown.
Abdomen dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose. Abdominal dorsum with golden
yellow recumbent hairs and at side with longer erect ones; venter and some posterior
tergites with black hairs. Male genitalia (Figs. 141 147): Tergite 8 wider than long, withanterior margin distinctly concave; sternite 8 nearly quadrate; tergite 9 wider than long, witha deep anterior incision; cercus more or less acute apically; gonocoxites with a distinct
mid-anterior incision on fused ventral portion; gonocoxal apodemes long and weakly convergent apically; dorsal plate narrow and tapering toward apex; gonostylus thick andcurved.
Female. Body length 5.0 7.0 mm, wing length 5.2 7.2 mm. Similar to male except asfollows: Frons chiefly pale haired. Palpus with chiefly or wholly pale hairs. Mesonotum andscutellum sometimes without black hairs (it may be so in ♂). Abdomen pale haired. Head(excluding protruded clypeus) 1.5 times higher than long; width of one eye on a mid line
in direct frontal view 0.7 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.7 times widthof frons just above antennae, and 0.6 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal
view; width of frons just above antenna 0.9 times distance from antennae to median ocellus,
0.8 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; distance from ridge below
proboscis to antennae 1.2 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.8 times aswide as long, 2.0 times as wide as parafacial, and 0.5 times as wide as face at upper marginof clypeus. [N＝1].
Specimens examined. Holotype ♀, Chang’an, Shaanxi, viii. 1957, Io CHOU; 3♂♂,
Miaofengshan, Beijing, 7 9. vii. 1964, Chi-kun YANG and Yu LIU; 1♂, Miaofengshan,
Beijing, vi. 1955, Chi-kun YANG; 1♂, Miaofengshan, Beijing, 27. vi. 1955, Xuezhu
XIA; 4♂♂, 3♀♀, Xianshan, Beijing, 5 26. vii. 1962, Chi-kun YANG and Fasheng LI.
Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Beijing).
Remarks. This species may be easily separated from neimongolicus as shown in the key(couplet 39).
Chrysopilus trimaculatus D.YANG et C.YANG(Figs. 148 156)
Chrysopilus trimaculatus D.YANG et C.YANG, 1989, Entomotaxon., 11: 245. Type locality:

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171

Lupan Mountain, Ningxia.
Male and female. Wing below stigma with a large darker area whose boundary is indistinct. Antenna, palpus, clypeus, coxa and femur dark yellow. Mesonotum and scutellum
dark brown to black. ♂ abdominal tergites 1 3 or 1 4 largely dark yellow. ♀ abdomen
largely either dark yellow or dark brown. ♀ frons wider than one eye. ♀ flagellum distinctly longer than pedicel.
Male. Body length 6.7 6.9 mm, wing length 6.1 6.3 mm. Head brownish black, and pale
gray pollinose. Hairs on head pale, but ocellar tubercle with black hairs; frons, mid-upper
part of occiput, upper face and clypeus bare. Antenna yellow; scape bare, pedicel black
haired, flagellum minutely pale pubescent; arista dark brown. Flagellum about as wide as
pedicel; arista roughly 2.5 times as long as rest of antenna. Proboscis and palpus yellow
with pale hairs. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.4 times higher than long; eye with
contiguous portion 1.0 1.3 times as long as ocellar triangle; width of one eye on a mid line
in direct frontal view 1.0 1.1 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 1.9 2.1
times width of frons just above antennae, and 1.0 1.1 times width of face at lowest point
in direct frontal view; width of frons just above antenna 0.5 times distance from antennae
to median ocellus, 0.5 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view, and 4.3 4.6
times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from proboscis to antennae 0.7 0.8 times

Figs. 148 149. Chrysopilus trimaculatus D. YANG et C. YANG, male. 148, Wing; 149, abdomen, lateral
view.

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Figs. 150 156. Chrysopilus trimaculatus D. YANG et C. YANG, male. 150, Tergites 9 10 and cerci, dorsal
view; 151, tergite 9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 152, sternite 8; 153, cercus, dorso-lateral view;
154, tergite 8; 155, genital capsule, dorsal view; 156, genital capsule, ventral view.

that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9 1.0 times as wide as long, 1.5 1.6 times
as wide as parafacial on a mid line, and 0.5 times as wide as face at upper margin ofclypeus.
Thorax brownish yellow to yellow, and pale brown pollinose; mesonotum with threebroad darker longitudinal spots; scutellum somewhat darker dorsally. Hairs on thorax pale;mesonotum and scutellum with many golden yellow recumbent hairs. Legs yellow; tarsus
brown to dark brown except tarsomere 1 somewhat pale. Hairs on legs chiefly black; coxa
and femur with pale hairs. Wing tinged with brown, particularly on anterior field; stigma
elongate and brown (sometimes dark yellow), reaching to wing margin; veins brown todark brown; basal section of M2 0.3 times as long as crossvein m; anal cell closed before
wing margin. Halter yellow, but knob (except base) dark brown.
Abdomen yellow to dark yellow, and gray pollinose; base of tergites 2 6 (or 4 6)
darker; sternites 4 6 (except posterior border) and segments 7 8 may be also darker.
Abdomen with pale hairs which are longer, erect and partly black. Male genitalia (Figs. 150

YANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

173156): Tergite 8 much wider than long, with anterior margin slightly concave medially;sternite 8 nearly quadrate, with apex somewhat narrow; tergite 9 longer than wide, with adeep anterior incision; sternite 10 nearly transversely quadrate; cercus long and bandshaped; gonocoxites with a distinct mid-anterior incision on fused ventral portion;
gonocoxal apodemes long and weakly convergent apically; dorsal plate narrow and tapering
toward apex; gonostylus weakly curved with apex wide.
Female. Body length 6.8 7.1 mm, wing length 6.7 7.1 mm. Similar to male except asfollows: Upper occiput and frons with black hairs. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.4
1.5 times higher than long; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.3 times
distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.7 0.8 times width of frons just above antennae,and 0.6 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above
antenna 1.7 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.7 times width of face atlowest point in direct frontal view, and 0.8 times width of frons at median ocellus; distancefrom proboscis to antennae 1.7 1.8 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9
1.0 times as wide as long, 1.5 1.7 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line, and 0.5 times
as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus. Flagellum wider and longer than pedicel; arista
2.3 2.6 times as long as rest of antenna (almost as in ♂). [N＝3]. Wing: R4 sometimes
with a basal appendage very reduced; basal section of M2 0.3 0.6 times as long as
crossvein m. Abdomen largely dark yellow or dark brown; hairs on dorsum shorter (thanin ♂) and chiefly recumbent.
Specimens examined. Paratypes 3♂♂, 2♀♀, Lupan Mountain (2,100 m), Ningxia, 14.
vii. 1980, Chi-kun YANG; 1 ♀ , Jiexiu (1,300 m), Shanxi, 28. vii. 1981, Chi-kun
YANG.
Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Shanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Beijing).
Remarks. This species is closely related to hubeiensis but may be separated from thelatter as shown in the key (couplet 8).
Chrysopilus trypetopterus BEZZI
Chrysopilus marmoratus trypetopterus BEZZI, 1912, Ann. Mus. Nat.Hung., 10: 449. Type
locality: Toyenmongai or Fuhosho, Taiwan.
For redescription of this species, see NAGATOMI (1986c).
Distribution. China (Taiwan).
Remarks. This species is characterized by having the wing mottled and a sinuate R4 vein.
Chrysopilus xanthocromus C.YANG et D.YANG(Figs. 157 158)
Chrysopilus xanthocromus C.YANG et D.YANG, 1990b, Zool. Res., 11: 280. Type locality:
Menghai, Yunnan.

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Female. Wing with a darker band near apex (which is pale). Pterostigma truncate at bothends and apical portion of marginal cell widely pale. Flagellum, arista, and apex of palpus
black. Thorax and abdomen dark brown to black. Coxa, femur and tibia yellow. Fronsnarrower than (but over 1 2 as wide as) one eye.
Female. Body length 5.5 mm, wing length 4.8 mm. Head black, and pale gray pollinose.
Hairs on head pale; frons with some short black (and pale) hairs; upper face, parafacial andclypeus bare. Antennal scape and pedicel yellow, flagellum and arista black; scape bare,pedicel black haired, flagellum and arista minutely pale pubescent. Flagellum about as wide
as pedicel, pedicel longer than scape (even in outer view); arista roughly 3 times as longas rest of antenna. Proboscis yellow with pale hairs; palpus yellow except for apex black,and with pale hairs. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.4 times higher than long; widthof one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.3 times distance from antennae to medianocellus, 1.1 times width of frons just above antennae, and 0.9 times width of face at lowest
point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above antenna 1.1 times distance fromantennae to median ocellus, 0.8 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view,and 1.1 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from proboscis to antennae 1.2
times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9 times as wide as long, 2.7 times as

Figs. 157 158. Chrysopilus xanthocromus C. YANG et D. YANG, female. 157, Wing; 158, abdomen, lateralview.

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175

wide as parafacial on a mid line, and 0.6 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus.
Upper face distinctly shorter than clypeus.
Thorax black, and pale gray pollinose. Hairs on thorax yellow; mesonotum and scutellum
with some sparse golden yellow recumbent hairs [which are largely rubbed off]. Legs
yellow; tibia brownish yellow, tarsus brown to dark brown. Hairs on legs black; coxa andfemur with pale hairs; hind femur with some short black hairs in addition to pale ones.
Wing hyaline with a brown transverse band near apex and a small brown spot just below
stigma, which is short and broad, black, not reaching to wing margin; veins brown; basal
portion of M2 as long as crossvein m; anal cell closed before wing margin. Halter yellow.
Abdomen dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose; venter, segments 5 7, and cercus
yellow. Hairs on abdomen pale; dorsum may have chiefly recumbent golden yellow hairs
and some black ones.
Male. Unknown.
Specimen examined. Holotype ♀, Menghai (1,160 m), Yunnan, 18. iv. 1981, Fasheng
LI.
Distribution. China (Yunnan).
Remarks. This species may be easily separated from nigrimarginatus as shown in the key(couplet 24).
Chrysopilus xizangensis D.YANG et C.YANG(Figs. 159 166)
Chrysopilus xizangensis D.YANG et C.YANG, 1991, Acta. Agric. Univ. Pekin., 17: 93. Type
locality: Lhasa, Xizang.
Male and female. Antenna, palpus, thorax, coxa and abdomen dark brown to black. ♂
eyes narrowly separated or contiguous. ♀ frons much wider than one eye. ♀ face parallelsided.
Male. Body length 5.6 5.9 mm, wing length 5.6 5.7 mm. Head black, and pale graypollinose. Hairs on head pale, but those on ocellar tubercle sometimes black; frons, upper
face, parafacial, and clypeus bare. Antenna black; scape bare, pedicel black haired, flagellum and arista minutely pale pubescent. Pedicel larger than scape; flagellum not wider thanpedicel; arista roughly 3 times as long as rest of antenna. Proboscis yellow with pale hairs;
palpus dark brown with pale hairs. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.5 1.6 times
higher than long. Eyes narrowly separated or sometimes contiguous (their contiguous
portion 0.6 times as long as ocellar triangle). Width of one eye on a mid line in direct
frontal view 1.3 1.5 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 2.0 2.2 times widthof frons just above antennae, and 1.0 1.2 times width of face at lowest point in direct
frontal view; width of frons just above antenna 0.6 0.7 times distance from antennae tomedian ocellus, 0.5 0.6 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view, and 4.7
5.0 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from proboscis to antennae 0.8 0.9

176South Pacific Study Vol. 17, No. 2, 1997

times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9 1.0 times as wide as long, 2.0 2.1
times as wide as parafacial on a mid line, and 0.5 0.6 times as wide as face at upper marginof clypeus. [N＝3]. Upper face shorter than clypeus.
Thorax black, and pale gray pollinose. Mesonotum and scutellum with many golden

Figs. 159 166. Chrysopilus xizangensis D. YANG et C. YANG, male. 159, Wing; 160, tergites 9 10 andcerci, dorsal view; 161, tergite 9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 162, sternite 8; 163, cercus,
dorso-lateral view; 164, tergite 8; 165, genital capsule, dorsal view; 166, genital capsule, ventral view.

YANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

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yellow recumbent hairs and without black hairs; pleuron with pale hairs. Legs blackish andyellow, coxa black and concolorous with pleuron; trochanter yellow to dark yellow; base offore and mid femora and basal portion of hind femur yellow; tibia brownish yellow; tarsus
brown to dark brown. Hairs on legs black; coxa with longer pale hairs; femur with pale
scale-like dorsal hairs. Wing hyaline; stigma brown, short, not reaching to wing margin;veins dark brown; basal section of M2 1.2 1.3 times as long as crossvein m; anal cellclosed before wing margin. Halter yellow; knob dark brown.
Abdomen slender, black, and pale gray pollinose; dorsum with many golden yellow
recumbent hairs, venter with pale hairs. Male genitalia (Figs. 160 166): Tergite 8 wider
than long, with distinct anterior incision; sternite 8 somewhat narrow apically, with a weakbasal incision; tergite 9 with a nearly V-shaped anterior incision; sternite 10 nearly quadrate; cercus long and acute apically in dorsal view; gonocoxites with a weak anterior incision on fused ventral portion; gonostylus curved, and somewhat narrow and truncate
apically; gonocoxal apodemes nearly parallel; ejaculatory apodeme flattened apically.
Female. Body length 6.5 mm, wing length 6.8 mm. Similar to male except as follows:
Frons and face much wider than one eye respectively; frons with short black hairs. Head(excluding protruded clypeus) 1.6 times higher than long; width of one eye on a mid line
in direct frontal view 0.9 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.5 times widthof frons just above antennae, and 0.45 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal
view; width of frons just above antenna 1.8 times distance from antennae to median ocellus,
0.9 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view, and 0.9 times width of frons
at median ocellus; distance from proboscis to antennae 1.4 times that from antennae tomedian ocellus; clypeus 0.9 times as wide as long, 1.8 times as wide as parafacial on a midline, and 0.5 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus. Scape in ventral or outerview about as long as pedicel (scape longer than in ♂). Wing: Basal section of M2 as longas crossvein m.
Specimens examined. Holotype ♂, paratypes 2♂♂, 1♀, Lhasa (3,700 m), Xizang, 16
17. v. 1978, Fasheng LI; paratype 1♂, Nyingchi (3,050 m), Xizang, 7. vi. 1978, Fasheng
LI.
Distribution. China (Xizang).
Remarks. This species may be separated from apicimaculatus and mojiangensis as shownin the key (couplet 27).
Chrysopilus yunnanensis C.YANG et D.YANG(Figs. 167 175)
Chrysopilus yunnanensis C.YANG et D.YANG, 1990b, Zool. Res., 11: 279. Type locality:
Ruili, Yunnan.
Male and female. Mesonotum, scutellum and abdomen sooty black. Antenna, palpus,
pleuron and coxa black. ♀ frons wider than one eye and wholly not shining. ♀ face nearly

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parallel-sided.
Male. Body length 7.0 mm, wing length 6.9 mm. Head black, and pale gray pollinose.
Hairs on head chiefly pale; frons, upper face, parafacial and clypeus bare. Antenna darkbrown to black; scape bare, pedicel black haired, flagellum minutely pale pubescent. In
dorsal or inner view, pedicel longer than scape or flagellum; flagellum not wider thanpedicel; arista roughly 3.5 times as long as rest of antenna. Proboscis brown with pale hairs;
palpus black with black hairs. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.3 times higher thanlong; eye with contiguous portion as long as ocellar triangle; width of one eye on a mid line
in direct frontal view 1.2 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 1.3 times widthof frons just above antennae, and 0.9 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal
view; width of frons just above antenna 0.9 times distance from antennae to median ocellus,
0.7 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view, and 6.6 times width of frons
at median ocellus; distance from proboscis to antennae 0.9 times that from antennae tomedian ocellus; clypeus as wide as long, 2.1 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line, and
0.5 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus.
Mesonotum and scutellum velvety black [probably with hairs as in ♀]; pleuron darkbrown to black with pale hairs. Legs yellow, coxa darker and concolorous with pleuron;trochanter, basal portion of femur and tip of hind femur brown to dark brown; tarsus brownto dark brown except for tarsomere 1 paler basally. Hairs on legs chiefly black; femur withpale scale-like dorsal hairs. Wing hyaline, weakly tinged with yellow on anterior field;

Figs. 167 168. Chrysopilus yunnanensis C. YANG et D. YANG, female. 167, Wing; 168, abdomen, lateralview.

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Figs. 169 175. Chrysopilus yunnanensis C. YANG et D. YANG, male. 169, Tergites 9 10 and cerci, dorsal
view; 170, tergite 9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 171, sternite 8; 172, cercus, dorso-lateral view;
173, tergite 8; 174, genital capsule, dorsal view; 175, genital capsule, ventral view.

stigma elongate, brownish, nearly reaching to wing margin; veins brown to dark brown; R4
with a very short basal appendage; basal section of M2 1.3 times as long as crossvein m;anal cell closed before wing margin. Halter stem yellow, knob brown.
Abdomen velvety black. Hairs on abdomen pale; posterior portion of tergite 1 and anterior portion of tergite 2 with white recumbent hair tufts; anterior part of tergite 1 with pale
erect longer hairs. Male genitalia (Figs. 169 175): Tergite 8 much wider than long with a
mid-anterior incision; sternite 8 much longer than wide, with apical portion somewhat
narrow; tergite 9 distinctly wider than long, with a deep and nearly V-shaped anterior

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incision; sternite 10 somewhat acute apically; cercus somewhat acute apically; gonocoxites
with straight anterior margin on fused ventral portion; gonostylus curved, with truncate
apical margin; gonocoxal apodemes thin and nearly parallel; ejaculatory apodeme thickbasally and slightly curved apically.
Female. Body length 8.0 8.3 mm, wing length 8.2 8.9 mm. Similar to male except asfollows: Occiput and gena with stiff black hairs which are sometimes pale near proboscis
and which may be sometimes so in ♂; frons with short black hairs. Head (excluding
protruded clypeus) 1.4 1.5 times higher than long; width of one eye on a mid line in direct
frontal view 0.9 1.0 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.7 0.8 times widthof frons just above antennae, and 0.6 0.7 times width of face at lowest point in direct
frontal view; width of frons just above antenna 1.2 1.3 times distance from antennae tomedian ocellus, 0.7 0.8 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view, and 0.7
0.8 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from proboscis to antennae 1.1 1.2
times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9 1.0 times as wide as long, 2.3 2.5times as wide as parafacial on a mid line, and 0.5 0.6 times as wide as face at upper marginof clypeus. [N＝4]. Mesonotum with 3 golden yellow recumbent hair bands on posterior
part (except sides) and before suture. Abdominal tergite 4 and segments 5 7 yellow; tergite
3 with white recumbent haired anterior band; erect hairs on tergite 1 confined to sides.
Specimens examined. Holotype ♂, paratype 1 ♀, Ruile (750 m), Yunnan, 3. v. 1981,
Fasheng LI. Paratypes 3♀♀, Ruili, Yunnan, 2 4. v. 1981, Fasheng LI and Chi-kun
YANG.
Distribution. China (Yunnan).
Remarks. This species may be separated from choui and lii as shown in the key (couplet
16). It would be similar to pingxianganus (if the latter is sooty black), but may be separated from the latter as shown in the key (couplet 17).
Genus Desmomyia BRUNETTI
Desmomyia BRUNETTI, 1912, Rec. Ind. Mus., 7: 462. Type species: Desmomyia
thereviformis BRUNETTI, 1912 (by monotypy).
Diagnosis. Male eyes holoptic, with upper facets weakly enlarged (the dividing line
between lower and upper facets indistinct); female frons parallel-sided and wider than one
eye. Face wider toward proboscis; parafacial haired, swollen especially in male and wide.
Clypeus ending far below antennae and mid-upper face flat. Antennae narrowly separated
from each other at base; scape much longer than pedicel; flagellum subglobose with a longarista. Palpus 1 segmented. Metapleuron haired on anterior portion. Tibial spurs 0 2 2.
Male hind tibia and hind tarsomere 1 swollen. Wing: Rs arising at middle of basal cells;
R2＋3 curved forward and ending near R1; R5 ending at wing margin behind wing apex;
anal cell closed. Male genitalia: Sternite 9 and tergite 10 present.
Remarks. Previously the genus Desmomyia contained 1 known species from th highlands

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of India. It is recorded from China for the first time, and contains 1 new species.
Literature: BRUNETTI (1920).
Desmomyia sinensis D.YANG et C.YANG sp. nov.
(Figs. 176 184)
Male and female. Antenna, palpus, thorax, legs, halter and abdomen dark brown to black,but tibia (except apical portion) and knee somewhat paler. In ♂, scape, pedicel, parafacial,

Fig. 176. Desmomyia sinensis D. YANG et C. YANG sp. nov., male, lateral view.

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palpus, gena, ocellar tubercle, mesonotum, scutellum, coxa, fore and mid femora, andabdomen (except middle of dorsum) long haired. ♀ frons subequal in width to one eye.
Male. Body length 6.3 6.7 mm, wing length 5.9 6.6 mm. Head black, and pale graypollinose. Hairs on head long and black, but absent on mid-upper face, clypeus and frons;
upper occiput with short hairs, lower occiput with chiefly pale hairs. Antenna black; scapeand pedicel with black hiars. Proboscis brown to dark brown with pale hairs; palpus blackwith long black hairs. Eye with contiguous portion 1.4 1.5 times as long as ocellar triangle.
Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.4 times higher than long; width of one eye on a midline in direct frontal view 1.3 1.4 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.7 0.8
times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view, and 1.4 1.9 times width of frons
just above antenna; width of frons just above antennae 0.7 times distance from antennae tomedian ocellus, 5.7 6.3 times width of frons at median ocellus and 0.4 times width of faceat lowest point in direct frontal view; distance from ridge below proboscis to antennae about
1.0 1.1 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 1.0 1.1 times as wide as long,
0.35 0.4 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus, and 0.9 1.0 times as wide asparafacial on a mid line. [N＝4].
Thorax black, and pale gray pollinose; mesonotum with three darker wide longitudinalspots, of which median one is divided by a pale line. Mesonotum and scutellum with long
black hairs but in the former anterior part (including humerus) bare; pleuron with palehairs. Legs dark brown to black; coxa concolorous with pleuron; tip (including knee) of
femur and tibia (except for apex) brownish yellow or brown. Hairs on legs short and black,but coxa with long and chiefly pale hairs, and fore and mid femora with some long pale or
black hairs. Wing is tinged with brown and may have several paler parts; stigma darkbrown, not reaching to wing margin. Halter dark yellow, but knob darker.
Abdomen black, and pale gray pollinose. Hairs on abdomen pale, and those on sides of
dorsum long. Male genitalia (Figs. 177 181): Tergite 9 wider than long, with anterior
margin weakly concave; sternite 10 widely rounded apically; cercus broad, with apicalmargin weakly concave; gonocoxal apodemes slightly convergent; gonostylus curved andsomewhat tapering; dorsal plate rounded apically, ventral plate with sclerotized lateral ridgethin and distinctly curved; ejaculatory apodeme long and somewhat thin anteriorly.
Female. Body length 6.2 6.3 mm, wing length 6.2 7.2 mm. Similar to male except asfollows: Hairs on body, scape, palpus and coxa shorter than in ♂. Hairs on proboscis black(this may be sometimes so in ♂). Head 1.3 times higher than long; width of one eye on
a mid line in direct frontal view 1.0 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.4
times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view, and 0.7 times width of frons justabove antennae; width of frons just above antennae 1.4 times distance from antennae tomedian ocellus, 1.4 times width of frons at median ocellus and 0.6 times width of face atlowest point in direct frontal view; distance from ridge below proboscis to antennae about
1.4 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9 times as wide as long, 0.5 times
as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus, and 1.2 times as wide as parafacial on a midline. [N＝1]. Basal portion of hind femur brownish yellow; pale portion of fore tibia

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Figs. 177 181. Desmomyia sinensis D. YANG et C. YANG sp. nov., male. 177, Tergites 9 10 and cerci,
dorsal view; 178, cercus, dorso-lateral view; 179, genital capsule, dorsal view; 180, tergite 9, sternite
10 and cerci, ventral view; 181, genital capsule, ventral view.

yellowish.
Holotype ♂, paratypes 12♂♂, 1♀, Nyingchi (3,050 m), Xizang, 2 7. v. 1978,
Fasheng LI. Paratypes 2♂♂, Nyingchi (3,400 m), Xizang, 10. vi. 1978, Fasheng LI; 2♀♀, Bomi (2,700 m), Xizang, 19. vi. 1978, Fasheng LI; 1♂, Mainling (2,950 m),
Xizang, 5. vi. 1978, Fasheng LI.
Distribution. China (Xizang).
Remarks. This species may be separated from D. thereviformis BRUNETTI, 1912 from
India (Uttar Pradesh) by the following characters: femur dark brown to black, but tibia(except apex) brownish yellow to yellow in both sexes [basal portion of ♀ hind femur also
brownish yellow]. In thereviformis (♂), "Legs black; knees and femora more or lessbrownish yellow at base, the colour on the fore pair extending beyond the middle" (after
Brunetti, 1920: 108). D. thereviformis was "described from 2♂, in the Indian Museumfrom Badrinath, Garhwal District, 10,200 ft., 27. v. 1910 (Dr. A. D. Imms)." Further comparative study is necessary between sinensis and thereviformis, however.

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Figs. 182 184. Desmomyia sinensis D. YANG et C. YANG sp. nov., female. 182, Genitalia, lateral view;
183, genitalia (excluding sternite 8), ventral view; 184, sternite 8, ventral view.

Genus Rhagina MALLOCH
Rhagina MALLOCH, 1932, Stylops, 1: 117. Type species: Leptis incurvata de MEIJERE,
1911, from Java (by original designation).
Diagnosis. Male eyes holoptic, facets of the same size; female frons somewhat convergent toward vertex and much narrower than one eye. Clypeus much wider than parafacial.
Antennal scape and pedicel subglobose and subequal in size; flagellum smaller than pedicel,
rounded and with a long terminal arista. Palpus 1 segmented. Metapleuron haired on anterior portion. Tibial spurs 0 2 2. Hind femur often with a distinct apico-ventral hump; foretarsomere 1 not longer than tarsomeres 2 5 together, mid and hind tarsomere 1 longer thantarsomeres 2 5. Wing: Rs arising at middle of basal cells; R2＋3 strongly sinuate andYANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

185

ending near R1; R5 ending at wing margin behind wing tip; anal cell open. Male genitalia:
Tergite 10 absent; sternite 9 present.
Remarks. This genus is distributed in the Oriental region and contains 5 known species.
Two species were recorded from China by YANG & NAGATOMI (1992).
Literature: YANG & NAGATOMI (1992).
Key to species of Chinese Rhagina(From D.YANG & NAGATOMI, 1992)
1.

Wing brownish yellow and in part nearly hyaline, with distinct brownish to darkbrownish markings; abdomen wholly or largely brown to dark brown… sinensis
Wing wholly yellow; abdomen yellow, but basal third of tergites 2 5 brown, tergites
4 5 with a brown median spot, and tergites 6 7 brown ………………………… sp.
Rhagina sinensis D.YANG et NAGATOMI(Fig. 185)

Rhagina sinensis D.YANG et NAGATOMI, 1992, Entomologist’s Mon. Mag., 128: 88. Type
locality: Longzhou, Guangxi.
Distribution. China (Guangxi).
Rhagina sp.
Rhagina sp., D.YANG et NAGATOMI, 1992, Entomologist’s Mon. Mag., 128: 90.
Distribution. China (Hainan).
Genus Rhagio FABRICIUS
Rhagio FABRICIUS, 1775, Syst. Ent., p.761. Type species: Musca scolopacea LINNAEUS,
1758 (by designation of LATREILLE, 1810).
Leptis FABRICIUS, 1805, Syst. Antliat., p.69 (unjustified new name for Rhagio
FABRICIUS).
Diagnosis. Male eyes holoptic, but sometimes narrowly separated. Clypeus usually extending or nearly extending to antennae. Antennal scape and pedicel small and subequal insize; flagellum with a slender terminal arista. Palpus 1 segmented with apical portion moreor less tapering toward tip. Subcutellum absent. Metapleuron haired on anterior portion.
Tibial spurs 0 2 2. Hind coxa with a ventral knob. Wing: Rs arising at middle of basal
cells; R2＋3 weakly curved apically; R5 ending at wing margin behind wing tip; anal cell

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Fig. 185. Rhagina sinensis D.YANG et NAGATOMI, male, lateral view.

narrowly open or closed. Male genitalia: Sternite 9 and tergite 10 present.
Remarks. The genus Rhagio is distributed in the Palaearctic, Nearctic, Oriental andNeotropical regions, and contained about 150 species in the past. Twenty species were
known from China. Here 13 new species are added to the Chinese fauna.
Literature: CHILLCOTT (1965); JAMES (1964, 1965); SZILADY (1934b); C.YANG & D.Y
ANG (1989, 1991, 1993a, 1993b, 1993c); D.YANG & C.YANG (1992, 1994).

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Key to species of Chinese Rhagio
1.

2(1).

3(2).

4(1).

5(4).

6(5).

7(6).
8(7).

9(5).

Wing dark brown with pale markings (darker area much larger than the paler)……………………………………………………………………………………… 2
Wing hyaline or nearly so, usually with darker markings (paler area larger than orroughly half as large as the darker) ……………………………………………… 4Pale spot on 1st and 2nd basal cells not elongate; ♂ face at lowest point in direct
frontal view less than 1 2 as wide as one eye on a mid line, and parafacial very thin……………………………………………………………………………………… 3
The above pale spot extending through 1st and 2nd basal cells elongate; ♂ face atlowest point in direct frontal view over 1 2 as wide as one eye on a mid line; [♀
unknown]; South China ……………………………………………… albus sp. nov.
Pale spot on 2nd basal cell small and confined to anterior part of the cell; South
China ………………………………………………………………… longzhouensis
Pale spot on 2nd basal cell larger and nearly extending to posterior margin of thecell; [♀ unknown]; South China ……………………………………… basiflavus
One of the following wing conditions is seen: with apical darker part; with two or
three darker bands (including apical part of wing); with veins R5, M1, M2, M3,
CuA, etc. bordered with brown to dark brown; uniformly or almost uniformly (insingularis) hyaline or brown fumose (except darker stigma, if present) ……… 5
Wing with darker parts as follows: apical band having three paler area along or nearwing margin; middle band reaching to wing margin along vein M4; costal cell andlarger part of 1st basal cell yellow (not paler); apical part of discal cell pale; m-cu
crossvein bordered with pale; (Szilady, 1934: fig. on p. 8); [♀ unknown]; Taiwan……………………………………………………………………………… shirakii
Wing with three distinct darker bands (including apical darker part of wing)……………………………………………………………………………………… 6
Wing not as above ………………………………………………………………… 9Outer median band on wing not interrupted medially …………………………… 7
Outer median band on wing interrupted medially; [♂ unknown]; South China
guizhouensis
Flagellum yellow …………………………………………………………………… 8
Flagellum dark brown to black; South China ……………………………… sinensis
Palpus dark brown to black; basal half of hind femur yellow; mid femur yellow atbase and apex; ♀ fore tibia rather whitish with apex distinctly dark brown to black;
North China ………………………………………………………… choui sp. nov.
Palpus yellow; ♂ femur (except apex) dark brown to black but ♀ mid and hindfemora usually entirely yellow; ♀ fore tibia probably not whitish but yellow, withapex darker (after FREY, 1954); South China (Fujian) and Burma (Kambaiti)
perdicaceus
Wing with a transverse median darker band (besides apical darker part of wing)

188

10(9).
11(10).

12(10).

13(12).

14(9).

15(14).

16(15).

17(15).

18(17).

South Pacific Study Vol. 17, No. 2, 1997………………………………………………………………………………… 10
Wing not as above……………………………………………………………… 14
Pleuron wholly yellow ………………………………………………………… 11
Pleuron largely dark brown to black ………………………………………… 12
Mesonotum (except sides) dark brown to black; [♀ unknown]; South China
centrimaculatus
Mesonotum wholly yellow; [♂ unknown]; South China; (see couplets 20 and28) …………………………………………………………… singularis sp. nov.
Side of mesonotum (or humeral and postalar calli) and scutellum (except midbase) yellow; abdomen at least partly yellow ………………………………… 13
Mesonotum, scutellum and abdomen wholly dark brown to black; [♂ unknown];
South China …………………………………………………………… jinxiuensis
Coxa, side of mesonotum (except humeral and postalar calli), and knob of halterdark brown to black; abdominal tergites 2 8 black with apical portion yellow;♂ hind femur with a ventral hump near apex; [♀ unknown]; South China; (seecouplet 17) ………………………………………………… hainanensis sp. nov.
Coxa (except base of mid coxa), side of mesonotum (except humeral andpostalar calli) and knob yellow; abdomen [partly broken] apparently largely
yellow; ♂ hind femur without a ventral hump; [♀ unknown]; South China; (seecouplet 16) ……………………………………………………… bisectus sp. nov.
At least veins R5, M1, M2, M4 and CuA bordered with brown to dark brown………………………………………………………………………………… 15
Wing not as above……………………………………………………………… 19♂ hind femur without ventral hump; abdominal tergites not (in guangxiensis) or
probably not (in bisectus) as below ………………………………………… 16♂ hind femur with a ventral hump near apex; abdominal tergites each with abasal darker or black spot or band (which is often absent or indistinct on tergites
1 4 in maolanus) ……………………………………………………………… 17
Wing with a darkened band around base of discal cell; thorax largely dark brown
to black; abdomen probably not as below; [♀ unknown]; South China; (seecouplet 13) ……………………………………………………… bisectus sp. nov.
Wing without a darkened band around base of discal cell; thorax yellow; abdominal tergites 2 7 (or 3 5) each with a median narrow longitudinal dark brown to
black spot; South China …………………………………………… guangxiensis
Pleuron, coxa and femur yellow; wing without a darkened band around base of
discal cell ……………………………………………………………………… 18
Pleuron (except yellow band from above coxa to wing base), coxa and hindfemur (except base and apex) dark brown to black; wing with a darkened bandaround base of discal cell; [♀ unknown]; South China; (see couplet 13)
hainanensis sp. nov.
Mesonotum yellow; scutellum wholly yellow; stigma distinct, wide, truncate atapex and ending well before wing margin; [ ♀ unknown]; South China

YANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

19(14).

20(19).

21(20).
22(21).

23(21).

24(21).

25(24).

26(24).

189………………………………………………………………………… maolanus
Mesonotum (except side) dark brown to black; mid base of scutellum dark brown
to black; stigma absent; [♀ unknown]; South China ……………………………
……………………………………………………………… tuberculatus sp. nov.
Apical portion of wing darker (in shaanxiensis, singularis and stigmosus, darker
apical part is indistinct [if present], and these species fall in both couplets 20 and27) ……………………………………………………………………………… 20
Wing (except stigma, if present) hyaline, nearly hyaline, uniformly with a browntinge, or with some small darker areas ……………………………………… 27
Mesonotum wholly or largely dark brown to black ………………………… 21
Mesonotum wholly yellow; [♂ unknown]; South China; (see couplets 11 and28) …………………………………………………………… singularis sp. nov.
Darkened stigma absent or short (less than 3 times as long as wide) ……… 22
Darkened stigma elongate (at least 3 times as long as wide) ……………… 23
Darkened stigma absent (although apex of marginal cell darker); ptero- andmetapleuron black; ♀ coxa black (♂ coxa yellow, except base of mid coxa);
South China………………………………………………………………… asticta
Distinct small darkened stigma present; ptero- (except base) and metapleuron
yellow; ♀ coxa yellow; [♂ unknown]: South China ………… pseudasticta
Coxa dark brown to black (in pilosus, fore coxa sometimes with a yellow tinge);mesonotum wholly dark brown to black; antenna, palpus and proboscis either
largely dark brown to black or largely yellow ……………………………… 24
Coxa (except base of mid coxa) yellow; side of mesonotum yellow; antenna(except arista), palpus, and proboscis wholly yellow; [♂ unknown]; North
China ………………………………………………………… gansuensis sp. nov.
Abdominal tergites 2 4 (or 2 5) dark brown to black with yellow posterior
margin (or spot); apical portion of fore femur (except apex) dark brown; palpus
yellow (in meridionalis) or maybe partly so (in pilosus); pterostigma wide,
shorter, and truncate at base ………………………………………………… 25
Abdominal tergites 1 4 (or 1 3) yellow with dark brown to black lateral marginand large median spot; fore femur wholly yellow; palpus black; pterostigma elongate, and acute at base ………………………………………………………… 26
Body larger (wing length 8 9 mm or so); eyes broadly contiguous; antenna(except arista and scape which are dark brown) and palpus yellow; [♀ unknown]; South China ……………………………………………… meridionalis
Body smaller (wing length 5.5 mm or so); eyes narrowly but distinctly separated;flagellum and palpal segment 2 dark yellow and paler than rest of antenna andpalpus; [♀ unknown]; North China …………………………… pilosus sp. nov.
Abdominal segments 1 4 largely dark brown to black; pterostigma wide apically;knob of halter with a black tinge; anal cell narrowly open; [♀ unknown]; North
China; (see couplet 38) ……………………………………… stigmosus sp. nov.
Abdominal segments 1 4 largely yellow; pterostigma acute apically; halter190

27(19).
28(27).

29(28).

30(27).
31(30).
32(31).

33(31).

34(30).
35(34).

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entirely yellow; anal cell closed at wing margin; [♀ unknown]; North China;(see couplet 38) …………………………………………… shaanxiensis sp. nov.
Pleuron yellow ………………………………………………………………… 28
Pleuron dark brown to black or largely so …………………………………… 30
Wing uniformly hyaline or with brown tinge (except stigma) ……………… 29
Wing with a darker spot around apex of 1st basal cell; apical margin of discal cellbordered with brown; apical part of wing somewhat darker (this may easily beoverlooked); [♂ unknown]; South China; (see couplets 11 and 20) singularis
sp. nov.
Abdominal tergites 2 4 with median smaller dark brown to black spots which arewidely separated both from anterior and posterior margins; ♂ eyes broadly contiguous; North China ………………………………………… nagatomii sp. nov.
Anterior part of tergties 3 5 and mid-anterior and antero-lateral spots on tergite
2 dark brown to black (tergites 6 7, except posterior border, dark brown to black
as in nagatomii; ♂ eyes narrowly separated (narrowest part of frons less thanwidth of median ocellus); [♀ unknown]; Taiwan
formosus
Coxa (or at least fore coxa) yellow and not concolorous with pleuron …… 31
Coxa dark brown to black and concolorous with pleuron …………………… 34
Palpus yellow…………………………………………………………………… 32
Palpus black …………………………………………………………………… 33
Body larger (wing length 8.0 mm or so); abdominal venter with wide mediandark brown to black longitudinal stripe; apical portion of hind femur darkened;
fore tibia yellow; ♂ face over 1 2 as wide as one eye; [♀ unknown]; South
China ………………………………………………………………… apiciflavus
Body smaller (wing length 5.1 5.6 mm or so); abdominal venter without longitudinal stripe; femur wholly yellow; fore tibia rather whitish; ♂ face less than 1
2 as wide as one eye; ♀ frons less than 1 2 as wide as one eye; South China………………………………………………………………… longshengensis
Femur wholly yellow; ♀ frons with large shining black median part (withoutpollen) connected with lateral margin of frons; ♀ frons at narrowest point 0.5
times as wide as one eye; [♂ unknown]; South China ………… basimaculatus
Fore femur (except apex and basal part) and hind femur (except basal part) darkbrown to black; ♀ frons may have a pair of small shining black patch which areseparated from lateral margin of frons; ♀ frons at narrowest point 0.8 times or so
as wide as one eye; [♂ unknown]; South China ……………… shennonganus
Palpal segment 2 and antennal flagellum yellow …………………………… 35
Palpus and antenna dark brown to black …………………………………… 36
Fore femur wholly yellow; abdomen wholly dark brown (or brown) to black;knob of halter dark brown; pterostigma elongate and reaching to wing margin;[♀ unknown]; North China …………………………… huashanensis sp. nov.
Fore femur (except apex and basal part) dark brown to black; abdominal sternites

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1 2 and posterior border (or part) of tergites 1 7 yellow; halter wholly yellow;
pterostigma wide, shorter and not reaching to wing margin; [♂ unknown]; South
China ……………………………………………………………… hanzhouensis
36(34). Hind femur largely dark brown to black; abdomen with yellow parts …… 37
Hind femur wholly yellow; ♂ abdomen wholly black; ♀ abdominal tergites 4 6
with narrow yellow posterior margin; ♀ frons at narrowest point less than 1 2 aswide as one eye; South China ……………………………………… zhejiangensis
37(36). Abdominal tergites 1 3 or 1 4 yellow with wide longitudinal dark brown to
black stripe; ♂ eyes contiguous or so (frons at narrowest point less than width ofmedian ocellus) ……………………………………………………………… 38
Abdominal tergites 2 7 dark brown to black with yellow apical margin; ♂ eyes
widely separated (frons at narrowest point wider than median ocellus); [♀ unknown]; North China ………………………………………… separatus sp. nov.
38(37). See upper branch of couplet 26 ……………………………… stigmosus sp. nov.
See lower branch of couplet 26 …………………………… shaanxiensis sp. nov.
Rhagio albus D.YANG, C.YANG et NAGATOMI sp. nov.
(Figs. 186 190)
Male. Wing dark brown with an elongate pale spot extending through 1st and 2nd cells.
Fore tibia pale yellow or whitish.
Male. Body length 6.6 mm, wing length 7.2 mm. Head black, and pale gray pollinose.
Hairs on head pale; ocellar tubercle and upper margin of occiput with black hairs, gena withsome black hairs; frons, parafacial and clypeus bare. Antenna yellow; scape somewhat dark,arista dark brown; scape and pedicel black haired; flagellum and arista minutely pale pubes-

Figs. 186 187. Rhagio albus D. YANG, C. YANG et NAGATOMI sp. nov., male. 186, Wing; 187, abdomen,
dorsal view.

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cent. Proboscis brownish yellow with black hairs; palpus dark brownish yellow, pale haired
except basal portion with black hairs. Eye with contiguous portion 1.9 times as long as
ocellar triangle. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.5 times higher than long; width of
one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 0.9 times distance from antennae to medianocellus, 3.4 times width of frons just above antenna and 1.2 times width of face at lowest
point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above antennae 0.3 times distance fromantennae to median ocellus, 0.4 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal viewand 2.4 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from ridge below proboscis toantennae about 0.7 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9 times as wide
as long, 5.5 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line and 1.1 times as wide as face at upper
margin of clypeus.
Thorax dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose; pleuron somewhat paler; humerus
yellow; mesonotum with 3 broad longitudinal darker spots; scutellum brownish yellow.
Mesonotum black haired; scutellum and metapleuron partly pale haired. Legs yellow tobrownish yellow; fore femur (except base and apex) and middle (or rather subbasal)
portion of hind femur darker; tibia pale yellow, but hind tibia (except apical portion) darkbrown; tarsus [hind tarsus broken off] brown to dark brown. Hairs on legs black; coxa, fore
tibia and pale apical portion of hind tibia with some pale hairs. Wing dark brown; basal
cells each with a pale spot near discal cell; veins brown to dark brown; anal cell narrowly

Figs. 188 190. Rhagio albus D. YANG, C. YANG et NAGATOMI sp. nov., male. 188, Tergite 9; 189, genital
capsule, dorsal view; 190, genital capsule, ventral view.

YANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

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open. Halter brownish yellow, knob brown.
Abdomen black, and weakly pale gray pollinose; tergites 1 4 brownish yellow except
narrow or wide apical margins of tergites 2 4 blackish; sternites 1 5 brownish yellow toblackish. Male genitalia (Figs. 188 190) [sternite 10 and cerci broken off apically];
Tergite 9 much wider than long with anterior margin widely incised; gonocoxal apodemes
somwhat divergent; gonostylus weakly curved; ejaculatory apodeme slender, but thick nearacute base; dorsal plate more or less acute apically; ventral plate long and broad with distinct sclerotized lateral ridge.
Female. Unknown.
Holotype ♂, Tianlin, Guangxi, 28. v. 1982, Chi-kun YANG.
Distribution. China (Guangxi).
Remarks. This species is similar to basiflavus and longzhouensis but is easily separated
from them as shown in couplet 2 of the key.
Rhagio apiciflavus C.YANG et D.YANG(Figs. 191 196)
Rhagio apiciflavus C.YANG et D.YANG, 1991, J. Hubei Univ. (Nat. Sci.), 13: 275. Type
locality: Shennongjia, Hubei.
Male. Abdominal venter with wide median dark brown to black longitudinal stripe.
Antenna (except arista), palpus and coxa yellow.
Male. Body length 8.0 mm, wing length 8.0 mm. Head black, pale gray pollinose, palehaired, but upper occiput and ocellar tubercle black haired, frons and clypeus bare, andparafacial pale haired on lower portion. Antenna yellow with yellow or black hairs; arista
dark brown. Proboscis brown with black hairs; palpus yellow with yellow hairs. Eye with
contiguous portion 2.2 times as long as ocellar triangle. Head (excluding protruded
clypeus) 1.5 times higher than long; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view
1.0 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 3.4 times width of frons just above
antenna and 1.8 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons justabove antennae 0.3 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.4 times width of faceat lowest point in direct frontal view and 2.0 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from ridge below proboscis to antennae about 0.6 times that from antennae to medianocellus; clypeus 0.9 times as wide as long, 3.2 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line and
1.0 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus.
Thorax black, and pale gray pollinose; humerus, lateral portion of mesonotum,
prosternum, area behind anterior spiracle and anterior portion of metapleuron yellow; posterior part of scutellum paler. Hairs on thorax wholly yellow. Legs yellow; apical portionof hind femur and apex of hind tibia black; tarsus dark brown to black. Hairs on legs black;coxa with wholly yellow hairs, femur with some yellow hairs basally. Wing hyaline, wholly
tinged with brown; stigma indistinct and brownish; veins brown; anal cell narrowly open.

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Figs. 191 196. Rhagio apiciflavus C. YANG et D. YANG, male. 191, Wing; 192, tergites 9 10 and cerci,
dorsal view; 193, tergite 9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 194, cercus, dorso-lateral view; 195,
genital capsule, dorsal view; 196, genital capsule, ventral view. S9, sternite 9.

Halter yellow.
Abdomen yellow, and weakly pale gray pollinose; each tergite with a large black basal
spot; venter with a black median longitudinal spot. Hairs on abdomen black, but dorsum
with yellow hairs laterally. Male genitalia (Figs. 192 196): Tergite 9 wider than long withposterior portion somewhat narrow and anterior margin weakly concave; sternite 10 withapical portion distinctly tapering; cercus broad with wide posterior margin; gonocoxal
apodemes divergent; gonostylus somewhat slender and slightly curved; ejaculatory

YANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

195

apodeme somewhat narrow and curved basally; dorsal plate acute apically, ventral plate
short and broad with sclerotized lateral ridge distinct.
Female. Unknown.
Specimen examined. Holotype ♂, Shennongjia (1,700 m), Hubei, 29. vi. 1984, Chi-kun
YANG.
Distribution. China (Hubei).
Remarks. This species is similar to longshengensis but may be separated from the latteras shown in the key (couplet 32).
Rhagio asticta D.YANG et C.YANG(Figs. 197 203)
Rhagio asticta D.YANG et C.YANG, 1994, Guangxi Sci., 1(3): 32, 33. Type locality: Maoer
Mountain, Guangxi.

Fig. 197. Rhagio asticta D. YANG et C. YANG, female, lateral view.

196South Pacific Study Vol. 17, No. 2, 1997

Figs. 198 203. Rhagio asticta D. YANG et C. YANG, male. 198, Abdomen, dorsal view; 199, wing; 200,
tergite 9 and cerci, dorsal view; 201, tergite 9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 202, genital capsule,dorsal view; 203, genital capsule, ventral view. AA, aedeagal apodeme (＝EA, ejaculatory apodeme).
(From D.Yang and C.Yang, 1994)

Male and female. Apical part of wing darker. Darkened pterostigma absent. Antenna(except arista), palpus, postalar callus, scutellum, and halter yellow. Arista arising near
ventral side of flagellum. ♂ coxa (except base of mid coxa) yellow but ♀ coxa wholly
black. ♀ frons at narrowest point about 1 2 as wide as one eye.
The original description of this species is repeated below.

YANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

197

Body length 5.1 5.5 mm, wing length 5.3 7.3 mm. Head black with pale gray pollinosity; hairs onhead chiefly black, but face with yellow hairs. Antenna yellow, arista brown. Proboscis yellow withblack hairs; palpus yellow with black hairs.
Thorax brownish black with pale gray pollinosity; humeri, postalar calli and scutellum yellow.
Pteropleuron brownish. Mesonotum and scutellum black haired; metapleuron yellow haired. Legs
yellow; mid coxa and base of hind coxa brownish; fore and mid femora tinged with brown
subapically, apical half of hind femur brownish black; fore and hind tibiae brown at apex; tarsi darkbrown; legs chiefly black haired, but coxae chiefly yellow haired. In female, coxae entirely brownish
black, and fore tibia pale yellow (except for apex darker) with chiefly pale yellow hairs. Wing
yellowish, apical portion and posterior margin black, without stigma. Halter yellow.
Abdomen brownish black with pale gray pollinosity; tergites 1 2 yellow, tergite 2 with a median
black spot; posterior portions of tergites 3 4 yellow; sternites 1 3 entirely yellow, posterior marginof sternite 4 yellow. Hairs on abdomen chiefly black. Male genitalia (Figs. 200 203): Tergite 9 (T9)wider than long, with distinct basal incision; cercus (C) with latero-apical corner distinct and obtuse;sternite 10 (S10) rounded apically; sternite 9 (S9) large and rounded apically; gonocoxite (GC)large and long; gonostylus (GS) weakly curved with obtuse apex; gonocoxal apodemes (GA) longand thin, nearly parallel; aedeagal apodeme (AA) very slender.
Specimens examined. Holotype ♂ , allotype ♀ , paratypes 2 ♂ ♂ , 2 ♀ ♀ , Guangxi: Maoer
Mountain (1,400 1,700 m), 1992 08 18 24, YANG Chikun, YANG Chunqing, ZHENG Leyi.

Distribution. China (Guangxi).
Remarks. This species may be separated from pseudasticta as shown in the key (couplet
22).
Rhagio basiflavus C.YANG et D.YANG(Figs. 204 210)
Rhagio basiflavus C.YANG et D.YANG, 1993a, J. Guangxi. Acad. Sci., 9: 48. Type locality:
Longjin, Guangxi.
Male. Wing dark brown, but discal cell, 5th posterior cell, anal cell, and axillary largely
pale, and apex of 2nd basal cell and base of 4th posterior cell also pale. Face small andparafacial very thin.
Male. Body length 8 mm, wing length 8.7 mm. Head black, pale gray pollinose, and palehaired, but upper occiput and ocellar tubercle black haired; frons, parafacials and clypeus
bare. Antenna brownish yellow with black hairs; arista dark brown. Proboscis brownish
yellow with pale and black hairs; palpus yellow with pale hairs. Eye with contiguous portion 2.9 times as long as ocellar triangle. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.5 times
higher than long; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 0.9 times sidtancefrom antennae to median ocellus, 3.9 times width of frons just above antenna and 1.9 times
width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above antennae 0.2
times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.4 times width of face at lowest point in

198South Pacific Study Vol. 17, No. 2, 1997

Figs. 204 210. Rhagio basiflavus C. YANG et D. YANG, male. 204, Wing; 205, basal portion of abdomen,
lateral view; 206, tergite 9 and cerci, dorsal view; 207, cercus, dorso-lateral view; 208, tergite 9,
sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 209, genital capsule, dorsal view; 210, genital capsule, ventral
view.

direct frontal view and 1.6 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from ridge
below proboscis to antennae 0.5 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9
times as wide as long, 8.5 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line and 1.3 times as wide
as face at upper margin of clypeus.
Thorax dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose; pronotum, humerus, propleuron,prosternum, and area behind anterior spiracle yellow; postalar callus dark yellow. Upper
part of pteropleuron and anterior portion of metapleuron dark yellow. Mesonotum andYANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

199

scutellum black haired; propleuron and anterior portion of metapleuron pale haired. Legs
yellow, but mid and hind coxae dark brown; median portion of hind femur dark brown; tibiabrownish yellow, but hind tibia somewhat darker; tarsus brown to dark brown. Hairs on legs
chiefly black, but coxa with pale hairs. Wing dark brown with large pale markings on
postero-basal portion; veins brown to dark brown; anal cell narrowly open. Halter brownish
yellow, but knob dark brown.
Abdomen dark brown to black; tergites 1 2 yellow, but tergite 2 with a blackish basal
spot; tergite 3 with two yellow lateral spots; sternites 1 3 and basal portion of sternites 4
yellow. Hairs on abdomen chiefly black, but tergite 1 with wholly pale hairs. Male genitalia(Figs. 206 210): Tergite 9 wider than long, with a trapezoid basal incision; sternite 10 withapex somewhat acute; cercus broad and rounded in dorso-lateral view; gonocoxal apodemes
nearly parallel; gonostylus distinctly curved; ejaculatory apodeme thick and long withanterior portion flattened laterally; dorsal plate acute apically; ventral plate with rather wide
sclerotized lateral ridge.
Female. Unknown.
Specimen examined. Holotype ♂, Longjin, Guangxi, 15. v. 1963, Chi-kun YANG.
Distribution. China (Guangxi).
Remarks. This species is similar to longzhouensis but may be separated from the latter asshown in the key (couplet 3).
Rhagio basimaculatus C.YANG et D.YANG(Figs. 211 212)
Rhagio basimaculatus C.YANG et D.YANG, 1993a, J. Guangxi Acad, Sci., 9: 48. Type
locality: Tianlin, Guangxi.
Female. Frons at narrowest point 0.5 times as wide as one eye and with large shining
black median part (without pollen) connected with lateral margin of frons. Coxa and femur
yellow. Fore tibia whitish.
Female. Body length 7.2 mm, wing length 7.2 mm. Head black, pale gray pollinose, andpale haired, but black haired on upper occiput and ocellar tubercle and bare on frons,
clypeus and parafacial; frons with median area polished. Antenna [flagellum broken off]
dark brown, with black hairs. Proboscis brownish yellow (except apical portion darkbrown) with black hairs; palpus dark brown with black hairs. Head (excluding protruded
clypeus) 1.3 times higher than long; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view
1.0 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 1.4 times width of frons just above
antenna and 0.9 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons justabove antennae 0.7 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.6 times width of faceat lowest point in direct frontal view and 1.6 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from ridge below proboscis to antennae about 0.9 times that from antennae to medianocellus; clypeus 0.8 times as wide as long, 2.4 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line and200South Pacific Study Vol. 17, No. 2, 1997

Figs. 211 212. Rhagio basimaculatus C. YANG et D. YANG, female. 211, Wing; 212, abdomen, lateralview.

0.7 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus.
Thorax dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose. Mesonotum black haired; scutellum
pale haired. Propleuron and anterior portion of metapleuron pale haired. Legs yellow; fore
tibia whitish; basal portion of hind tibia black; fore tarsus dark brown; mid and hind tarsi
brownish yellow, but darker apically. Legs black haired, but coxa, femur, and fore tibia
chiefly pale haired. Wing hyaline, slightly tinged with yellow; stigma very indistinct, yellowish; veins brownish yellow to brownish; anal cell narrowly open. Halter yellow.
Abdomen dark brown to black, and weakly pale gray pollinose; mid-apical margin of
tergite 2 and apical margin of tergites 3 7 yellow. Hairs on abdomen pale.
Male. Unknown.
Specimen examined. Holotype ♀, Tianlin (1,500 m), Guangxi, 31. v. 1982, Fasheng
LI.
Distribution. China (Guangxi).
Remarks. This species is similar to shennonganus but may be separated from the latteras shown in the key (couplet 33).
Rhagio bisectus D.YANG, C.YANG et NAGATOMI sp. nov.
(Figs. 213 218)
Male. Wing with darker parts as follows: antero-apical portion; bordering along veins M1
to M4 and CuA; a spot around base of discal cell. Pterostigma absent. Antenna, palpus andthorax (except side of mesonotum, scutellum, metapleuron, etc.) dark brown to black.

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201

Coxa, femur, tibia and halter yellow. Arista arising near ventral side of flagellum. Cercus
with a flap extended outwards.
Male. Body length 13.3 mm, wing length 14.8 mm. Head black, and pale gray pollinose.
Head pale haired but upper occiput and ocellar tubercle with black hairs; gena intermixed
with some black hairs; frons, clypeus and upper portion of parafacial bare. Antenna darkbrown to black; pedicel, dorsal surface of scape and flagellum black haired; arista darkbrown. Proboscis dark brownish yellow with blackish hairs; palpus brownish yellow with

Figs. 213 218. Rhagio bisectus D. YANG, C. YANG et NAGATOMI sp. nov., male. 213, Wing; 214, tergites
9 10 and cerci, dorsal view; 215, cercus, dorso-lateral view; 216, genital capsule, dorsal view; 217,
tergite 9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 218, genital capsule, ventral view.

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chiefly black hairs. Eye with contiguous portion 1.6 times as long as ocellar triangle. Head(excluding protruded clypeus) 1.5 times higher than long; width of one eye on a mid line
in direct frontal view 1.0 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 3.0 times widthof frons just above antenna and 1.2 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal
view; width of frons just above antennae 0.3 times distance from antennae to medianocellus, 0.4 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view and 4.3 times widthof frons at median ocellus; distance from ridge below proboscis to antennae 0.6 times thatfrom antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9 times as wide as long, 2.7 times as wide asparafacial on a mid line and 0.9 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus.
Thorax dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose; side of mesonotum, a pair of longitudinal stripes on mesonotum, scutellum (except mid base), pteropleuron (except lowerpart) and metapleuron yellow. Mesonotum and scutellum black haired; propleuron andanterior portion of metapleuron pale haired. Legs yellow; tarsus brown to dark brown. Hairs
on legs black. Wing with a yellow tinge particularly on anterior field and with brown parts:
2nd submarginal cell, apical portion of marginal and 1st submarginal cell, bordering alongveins M1 to M4 and CuA, and a spot around base of discal cell; stigma absent; veinsbrownish yellow; basal section of M2 0.3 times as long as crossvein m; anal cell narrowly
open. Halter yellow.
Abdomen [tergites 1 5 partly broken] yellow with black spots on dorsum, and pale graypollinose; segments 6 9 black. Hairs on abdomen chiefly black, but tergite 1 wholly palehaired. Male genitalia (Figs. 214 218): Tergite 9 wider than long with a deep V-shaped
incised anterior margin; sternite 10 with apical portion somewhat tapering and obtuse
apically; cercus very broad with a flap extended outward; gonocoxal apodemes nearlyparallel; gonostylus somewhat slender and curved apically; ejaculatory apodeme somewhat
narrow and curved basally; dorsal plate obtuse apically, ventral plate short and broad withsclerotized lateral ridge rather thin.
Female. Unknown.
Holotype ♂, Sangan, Fujian, 27. v. 1981, Jiang WANG.
Distribution. China (Fujian).
Remarks. This species is easily separated from hainanensis and guangxiensis as shownin the key (couplets 13 and 16).
Rhagio centrimaculatus C.YANG et D.YANG(Figs. 219 225)
Rhagio centrimaculatus C.YANG et D.YANG, 1993a, J. Guangxi Acad. Sci., 9: 47. Type
locality: Jinxiu, Guangxi.
Male. Wing with a transverse median darker band (besides apical darker part of wing).
Antenna (except arista), palpus, pleuron, coxa and femur yellow.
Male. Body length 10.5 12 mm, wing length 9.2 11 mm. Head dark brown to black, andYANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

203

pale gray pollinose; pale haired, but upper occiput and ocellar tubercle black haired; frons
and clypeus bare, gena with some black hairs; parafacial with chiefly pale hairs. Antenna
yellow with black hairs; arista dark brown with yellow base. Proboscis brownish yellow
with black and pale hairs; palpus yellow with black and pale hairs. Eye with contiguous
portion 2.3 2.4 times as long as ocellar triangle. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.6
1.8 times higher than long; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 0.9 1.0
times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 3.0 3.3 times width of frons just above
antenna and 1.0 1.1 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width offrons just above antennae 0.3 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.3 times
width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view and 3.2 3.6 times width of frons atmedian ocellus; distance from ridge below proboscis to antennae about 0.5 times that fromantennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9 times as wide as long, 2.1 2.2 times as wide asparafacial on a mid line and 0.8 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus. [N＝4].
Thorax yellow, and pale gray pollinose; mesonotum with three wide black spots;
scutellum yellow, but largely black mid-basally. Mesonotum and scutellum black haired;
propleuron and anterior portion of metapleuron pale haired. Legs yellow, but median portion of hind femur blackish; tarsus brown to dark brown. Hairs on legs chiefly black, butfore coxa chiefly pale haired. Wing hyaline, but tinged with yellow on anterior field, andbrown on narrow median area crossing basal portion of discal cell, and apical portion ofwing (particularly along veins); veins brownish yellow to brown; anal cell narrowly open.

Figs. 219 220. Rhagio centrimaculatus C. YANG et D. YANG, male. 219, Wing; 220, abdomen, dorsal
view.

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Figs. 221 225. Rhagio centrimaculatus C. YANG et D. YANG, male. 221, Tergites 9 10 and cerci, dorsal
view; 222, cercus, dorso-lateral view; 223, tergite 9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 224, genital
capsule, dorsal view; 225, genital capsule, ventral view.

Halter yellow.
Abdomen yellow, and slightly pale gray pollinose; tergite 1 with a small black spot;
tergites 2 5 each with a large black mid-basal spot; tergites 6 7 and sternites 6 7 largely
brownish black. Hairs on abdomen chiefly black. Male genitalia (Figs. 221 225): Tergite
9 distinctly wider than long, with V-shaped basal incision; sternite 10 with apex somewhat
acute; cercus somewhat quadrate; gonocoxal apodemes nearly parallel; gonostylus weakly
curved; ejaculatory apodeme narrow posteriorly (＝basally); dorsal plate rounded apically;
ventral plate with rather narrow sclerotized lateral ridge.
Female. Unknown.
Specimens examined. Holotype ♂, paratypes 2♂♂, Jinxiu, Guangxi, 12 15. vi. 1982,
Chi-kun YANG and Fasheng LI; 1♂, Jinxiu, 13. vi. 1982, Fasheng LI.
Distribution. China (Guangxi).
Remarks. This species is similar to jinxiuensis but is separated from the latter as shownin the key (couplets 10 12).

YANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

205

Rhagio choui D.YANG et C.YANG sp. nov.
(Figs. 226 231)
Male and female. Wing with three distinct darker bands (including apical darker part ofwing). Antenna (except flagellum), palpus, coxa, thorax and abdomen black. Flagellum
yellow. Parafacial wide and abundantly pale pilose. Mid-upper face present or differentiatedfrom clypeus. ♀ frons at narrowest point distinctly over 1 2 as wide as one eye.
Male. Body length 7.3 7.7 mm, wing length 7.0 8.1 mm. Head black, and pale graypollinose. Hairs on head pale; ocellar tubercle and upper margin of occiput black haired;frons and clypeus bare; parafacial long pale haired. Antennal scape and pedicel black;flagellum brownish yellow to brown; arista dark brown; scape and pedicel black haired;flagellum minutely pale haired. Proboscis largely dark brown, with pale hairs; palpus blackwith chiefly pale hairs. [Head not measured].
Thorax black, and pale gray pollinose; mesonotum with 3 distinct (or indistinct) longitudinal darker spots interrupted at the suture. Mesonotum and scutellum black haired; pleuron
pale haired. Legs [hind tibia and tarsus broken off] dark brown to black; coxa concolorouswith pleuron; apex of fore femur, base and apex of mid femur, basal half and tip of hindfemur yellow; tibia yellow except apex of fore tibia; mid tarsomere 1 rather yellow. Hairs
on legs black, but coxa wholly pale haired, and femur partly pale haired. Wing hyaline withtwo black transverse bands on median portion, and apical portion more or less blackish;stigma black, very elongate, and reaching to wing margin; veins brown to dark brown; analcell closed. Halter yellow.
Abdomen wholly black, and pale gray pollinose. Hairs on abdomen pale, but dorsum withsome black hairs medially. Male genitalia (Figs. 227 231): Tergite 9 wider than long, witha nearly V-shaped anterior incision; sternite 10 somewhat acute apically; cercus short andbroad; gonocoxal apodemes somewhat convergent; gonostylus thick and weakly curved;
ejaculatory apodeme somewhat narrow basally; dorsal plate distinctly obtuse apically;
ventral plate with thin and long sclerotized lateral ridge.
Female. Body length 5.8 7.3 mm, wing length 6.3 7.2 mm. Similar to male except asfollows: Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.5 1.6 times higher than long; width of one
eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.0 1.1 times distance from antennae to medianocellus, 0.8 0.9 times width of frons just above antenna and 0.5 0.7 times width of face atlowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above antennae 1.1 1.3 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.6 0.7 times width of face at lowest point in direct
frontal view and 1.2 1.3 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from ridge below
proboscis to antennae about 1.1 1.2 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus
0.9 1.0 times as wide as long, 1.6 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line and 0.5 0.6
times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus. [N＝2]. Apex of hind femur darkened[this may be so in ♂].
Holotype ♂, paratype 1♀, Chang’an, Shaanxi, 15. v. 1980, Io CHOU and Longcheng X
IANG. Paratypes 2♂♂, Chang’an, Shaanxi, 15 18. v. 1980, Tong CHENG; 1♀, Longde

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Figs. 226 231. Rhagio choui D. YANG et C. YANG, sp. nov., male. 226, Wing; 227, tergites 9 10 andcerci, dorsal view; 228, cercus, dorso-lateral view; 229, tergite 9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view;
230, genital capsule, dorsal view; 231, genital capsule, ventral view.

(2,180 m), Ningxia, 16. vii. 1980, Chi-kun YANG.
Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Ningxia).
Remarks. This species is apparently most closely related to perdicaceus (judging from
Frey, 1954), but may be separated from the latter as shown in the key (couplet 8). It is alsoYANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

207

similar to sinensis and guizhouensis but may be distinguished from them by the yellow
flagellum.
Rhagio formosus BEZZI
Rhagio formosus BEZZI, 1912, Ann. Nat. Mus. Hung., 10: 445. Type locality: Kosempo,
Taiwan.
Distribution. China (Taiwan).
For redescription of this species, see NAGATOMI (1986c).
Rhagio gansuensis D.YANG et C.YANG sp. nov.
(Figs. 232 233)
Female. Apical part of wing darker. Antenna (except arista), palpus, coxa (except baseof mid coxa), side of mesonotum and halter yellow. Frons at narrowest point less than 1
2 as wide as one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view. Arista arising near ventral sideof flagellum (not at its middle).
Female. Body length 7.4 mm, wing length 8.6 mm. Head black, and pale gray pollinose,
pale haired, but upper occiput and ocellar tubercle stout black haired; frons sparsely palehaired, parafacial pale haired, clypeus bare. Antenna yellow with pale and black hairs; arista
dark brown. Proboscis brownish yellow, and black haired; palpus yellow, and with pale andblack hairs. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.4 times higher than long; width of one
eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.0 times distance from antennae to median ocellus,
1.5 times width of frons just above antenna and 0.7 times width of face at lowest point in
direct frontal view; width of frons just above antennae 0.7 times distance from antennae tomedian ocellus, 0.5 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view and 1.4 times
width of frons at median ocellus; distance from ridge below proboscis to antennae 0.9 times
that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9 times as wide as long, 2.2 times as wide
as parafacial on a mid line and 0.8 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus.
Thorax dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose; humerus and lateral portion ofmesonotum yellow; mesonotum with three indistinct darker spots, of which the median one
is divided by a pale line; scutellum yellow. Area behind anterior spiracle, upper part ofpteropleuron, and metapleuron yellow. Mesonotum and scutellum black haired; propleuron
and anterior portion of metapleuron pale haired. Legs yellow, but subapical portion of fore
femur dark brown; apical half of hind femur and apex of hind tibia black; tarsus dark brown
to black, but base of mid tarsomere 1 paler. Hairs on legs chiefly black, but coxa chiefly
with pale hairs. Wing tinged with yellow, particularly on anterior field; its apical portionand posterior margin brown to dark brown; stigma short, dark brown; veins brownish todark brown; anal cell narrowly open. Halter yellow.
Abdomen black, and weakly pale gray pollinose; tergites 1 2 yellow with a large median208South Pacific Study Vol. 17, No. 2, 1997

Figs. 232 233. Rhagio gansuensis D. YANG et C. YANG, sp. nov., female. 232, Wing; 233, abdomen,
dorsal view.

black spot on tergite 2; apical margins of tergites 3 4 and 7 yellow; apical margins ofsternites 1 3 and 7 pale. Hairs on abdomen chiefly black, but venter with pale hairs.
Male. Unknown.
Holotype ♀, Kanxiang (800 m), Gansu, 30. vii. 1980, Chi-kun YANG.
Distribution. China (Gansu).
Remarks. This species (♀) is similar to meridionalis (♂), pilosus (♂), shaanxiensis(♂), and stigmosus (♂) by having the darker apex of wing but may be separated fromthem as shown in the key (couplets 23 26).
Rhagio guangxiensis C.YANG et D.YANG(Figs. 234 240)
Rhagio guangxiensis C.YANG et D.YANG, 1993a, J. Guangxi Acad. Sci., 9: 46. Type locality: Longsheng, Guangxi.
Male and female. Veins R4, R5, M1, M2, M3, M4, CuA, A1 and m-cu crossvein bordered with brown to dark brown. Antenna (except arista), palpus, thorax, legs (except
apical portion of tarsus), and halter yellow. Abdominal tergites 2 7 (or 3 5) each with alongitudinal dark brown to black spot. ♂ face small and parafacial very thin. ♀ frons at
narrowest point less than 1 2 as wide as one eye.
Male. Body length 9.4 9.7 mm, wing length 9.7 10.3 mm. Head dark brown to black,and pale gray pollinose; clypeus brown; head pale haired, but upper occiput and ocellar
tubercle partly black haired; frons, parafacial and clypeus bare. Antenna yellow, withchiefly pale hairs; arista dark brown. Proboscis yellow with chiefly black hairs; palpus

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yellow with pale hairs. Eye with contiguous portion 2.6 2.9 times as long as ocellar triangle. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.6 1.7 times higher than long; width of one eye
on a mid line in direct frontal view 0.8 0.9 times distance from antennae to median ocellus,
3.8 4.3 times width of frons just above antenna and 1.6 1.8 times width of face at lowest
point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above antennae 0.2 times distance fromantennae to median ocellus, 0.4 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal viewand 1.4 1.7 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from ridge below proboscis toantennae about 0.5 0.6 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9 times aswide as long, 6.6 6.8 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line and 1.1 1.3 times as wide
as face at upper margin of clypeus. [N＝3].
Thorax yellow, and pale gray pollinose; mesonotum with three distinct or indistinct darkbrown spots. Mesopleuron and sternopleuron may have brown tinge. Mesonotum chiefly
black haired; scutellum, propleuron and anterior part of metapleuron pale haired. Legs
yellow, but tarsus somewhat darker toward apex. Hairs on legs black, but those on coxa pale
and those on fore and mid femora chiefly so. Wing tinged with brown especially on anterior
field and along veins of apical and posterior portions; veins brownish yellow to dark brown;
anal cell closed at or just before wing margin or narrowly open. Halter yellow, but knob
may have brown tinge.

Figs. 234 235. Rhagio guangxiensis C. YANG et D. YANG, male. 234, Wing; 235, abdomen, dorsal view.

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Figs. 236 240. Rhagio guangxiensis C. YANG et D. YANG, male. 236, Tergites 9 10 and cerci, dorsal
view; 237, cercus, dorso-lateral view; 238, tergite 9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 239, genital
capsule, dorsal view; 240, genital capsule, ventral view.

Abdomen yellow, and weakly pale gray pollinose; tergites 2 7 (or 3 7) with a narrow
black median stripe; basal (or latero-basal) margins of tergites 2 4 (or 2 5) darker. Hairs
on abdomen black, but segment 1 with pale hairs. Male genitalia (Figs. 236 240): Tergite
9 with a trapezoid anterior incision; sternite 10 somewhat acute apically; cercus with apex
narrow and somewhat acute; gonocoxal apodemes somewhat convergent; gonostylus
weakly curved; ejaculatory apodeme flattened anteriorly; dorsal plate distinctly acuteapically; ventral plate with sclerotized lateral ridge somewhat wide.
Female. Body length 7.8 9.9 mm, wing length 7.2 9.4 mm. Similar to male except asfollows: Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.5 1.7 times higher than long; width of one
eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 0.8 0.9 times distance from antennae to medianocellus, 1.5 1.7 times width of frons just above antenna and 0.9 1.0 times width of face atlowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above antennae 0.5 0.6 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.6 times width of face at lowest point in direct
frontal view and 1.5 1.6 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from ridge below

YANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

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proboscis to antennae about 0.6 0.7 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus
0.8 0.9 times as wide as long, 2.8 2.9 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line and 0.8
times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus. [N＝4]. Hairs on scutellum black (thismay be sometimes so in ♂).
Specimens examined. Holotype ♂, paratypes 1♂, 2♀♀, Longsheng, Guangxi, 5. vi.
1963, Chi-kun YANG. Paratypes 1♀, Longsheng, Guangxi, 6. vi. 1963, Chi-kun YANG; 2♂♂, 1♀, Longsheng, Guangxi, 21 25. vi. 1982, Chi-kun YANG.
Distribution. China (Guangxi).
Remarks. This species is similar to maolanus but is easily separated from the latter asshown in the key (couplet 15).
Rhagio guizhouensis D.YANG et C.YANG(Fig. 241)
Rhagio guizhouensis D.YANG et C.YANG, 1992, In: Insects of Wuling Mountains Area,
Southwestern China, p. 587. Type locality: Fangjingshan, Guizhou.
Female. Wing with three distinct darker bands (including apical darker part of wing), of
which middle one is interrupted medially. [Flagellum broken off]. Parafacial, mid-upper
face and frons are similar to choui and sinensis.
Female. Body length 6.0 mm, wing length 6.5 mm. Head black, and pale gray pollinose.
Hairs on head pale; ocellar tubercle and upper margin of occiput with black hairs, frons withshort black hairs, parafacial (except upper area) with pale and black hairs, clypeus bare.
Antenna [flagellum broken off] dark brown, with black hairs. Proboscis dark brown withblack hairs; palpus black with chiefly black hairs. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.5
times higher than long; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.0 times

Fig. 241. Rhagio guizhouensis D. YANG et C. YANG, female wing. (From D. Yang and C. Yang, 1992)

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distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.9 times width of frons just above antenna and0.6 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above
antennae 1.0 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.7 times width of face atlowest point in direct frontal view and 1.2 times width of frons at median ocellus; distancefrom ridge below proboscis to antennae about 1.1 times that from antennae to medianocellus; clypeus 0.9 times as wide as long, 1.4 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line and
0.5 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus.
Thorax dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose; mesonotum with 3 darker longitudinal spots, of which the lateral is widely interrupted just behind suture. Mesonotum andscutellum with black hairs; propleuron and anterior portion of metapleuron with pale hairs.
Legs dark yellow to brownish yellow; coxa brownish black and concolorous with pleuron;fore femur black except apex; tarsus brown to dark brown except tarsomere 1 somewhat
paler. Hairs on legs black, but those on fore and hind coxae longer and chiefly pale. Wing
hyaline, tinged blackish on anterior, apical and posterior margins, and with two broadtransverse blackish spots (of which outer one is interrupted). Halter yellow.
Abdomen dark brown, and pale gray pollinose. Hairs on abdomen pale.
Male. Unknown.
Specimen examined. Holotype ♀, Fanjingshan, Guizhou, 15. v. 1988, Hong WU.
Distribution. China (Guizhou).
Remarks. This species is very similar to choui, perdicaceus, and sinensis, but may beseparated from them as shown in the key (couplets 6 8).
Rhagio hainanensis D.YANG et C.YANG sp. nov.
(Figs. 242 248)
Male. Wing with a darkened band around base of discal cell. Veins R4, R5, M1 to M4,
and CuA bordered with brown to dark brown. Thorax, coxa, and knob of halter dark brown
to black, but humeral and postalar calli and scutellum (except mid base) yellow. Arista
arising near ventral side of flagellum. Hind femur with a ventral hump near apex.
Male. Body length 9.0 mm, wing length 10.8 mm. Head black, and pale gray pollinose.
Hairs on head pale, but upper occiput and ocellar tubercle black haired; frons, parafacial andclypeus bare. Antenna yellow with flagellum dark yellow and arista dark brown; scape bare,pedicel black haired, flagellum minutely pale pubescent. Proboscis dark yellow with chiefly
pale hairs; palpus brown to dark brown with pale hairs. Eye with contiguous portion 1.5
times as long as ocellar triangle. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.9 times higher thanlong; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 0.9 times distance from antennae
to median ocellus, 3.2 times width of frons just above antenna and 1.9 times width of faceat lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above antennae 0.3 times distancefrom antennae to median ocellus, 0.5 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal
view and 3.4 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from ridge below proboscis
to antennae about 0.7 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9 times as wideYANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

213

Figs. 242 248. Rhagio hainanensis D. YANG et C. YANG sp. nov., male. 242, Wing; 243, basal portion of
abdomen, dorsal view; 244, cercus, dorso-lateral view; 245, tergites 9 10 and cerci, dorsal view; 246,
genital capsule, dorsal view; 247, tergite 9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 248, genital capsule,ventral view.

as long, 6.0 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line and as wide as face at upper marginof clypeus.
Thorax dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose; humerus yellow, postalar area
yellow. Scutellum yellow but black basally; pleuron with a yellow band extending fromabove mid coxa to base of wing. Thorax chiefly pale haired; pronotum and anterior portionof metapleuron wholly pale haired. Legs yellow; coxa black and concolorous with pleuron;hind femur (except base and apex) black, with a hump near apex; fore tibia pale; tarsus
brown apically. Hairs on legs pale and black, but coxa and fore tibia with pale hairs. Wing
hyaline, with dark brown on anterior field and along veins of apical portion and wing
margin; veins dark brown, basal section of M2 0.5 times as long as crossvein m; anal cellclosed at wing margin. Halter yellow, knob black.

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Abdomen yellow; basal margin of tergite 1 brown to dark brown, tergites 2 8 black withapical portion yellow; venter brown to black, but sternites 1 3 yellow to brownish yellow.
Hairs on abdomen black and pale, but those on tergite 1 wholly pale. Male genitalia (Figs.
244 248): Tergite 9 much wider than long with trapezoid incised anterior margin; sternite
10 with apical portion contracted; cercus broad with wide posterior margin; gonocoxal
apodemes convergent; gonostylus curved apically; ejaculatory apodeme somewhat narrowand curved basally; dorsal plate obtuse apically, ventral plate short and broad withsclerotized lateral ridge distinct.
Female. Unknown.
Holotype ♂, Hainan, 16. iii. 1934, Chi HO.
Distribution. China (Hainan).
Remarks. This species is easily separated from maolanus and tuberculatus as shown inthe key (couplet 17).
Rhagio hangzhouensis C.YANG et D.YANG(Figs. 249 250)
Rhagio hangzhouensis C.YANG et D.YANG, 1989, J. Zhejiang Forest. Coll., 6: 291. Type
locality: Hangzhou, Zhejiang.
Female. Pterostigma relatively short and broad, truncate at apex and not reaching to wing

Figs. 249 250. Rhagio hangzhouensis C. YANG et D. YANG, female. 249, Wing; 250, abdomen, dorsal
view.

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margin. Antennal flagellum, palpal segment 2 and halter yellow. Frons at narrowest point
over 1 2 as wide as one eye. Arista arising near ventral side of flagellum.
Female. Body length 7.3 8.7 mm, wing length 7.0 7.4 mm. Head dark brown to black,pale gray pollinose, and pale haired, but black haired on upper occiput and ocellar tubercle;
frons sparsely pale haired, parafacial pale haired, clypeus bare. Antenna dark brown to
black, but flagellum yellow with dark brown arista; chiefly black haired. Proboscis brownto dark brown, and chiefly black haired; palpus yellow except for basal portion brown todark brown, and pale haired. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.3 1.4 times higher thanlong; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.0 times distance from antennae
to median ocellus, 1.4 times width of frons just above antenna and 0.7 0.8 times width offace at lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above antennae 0.7 times
distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.5 times width of face at lowest point in direct
frontal view and 0.8 1.1 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from ridge below
proboscis to antennae about 0.9 1.0 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus
0.9 0.95 times as wide as long, 2.4 2.5 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line and 0.8
times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus. [N＝2].
Thorax dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose; mesonotum with three darker
longitudinal spots, of which median one is divided by a pale line. Mesonotum and scutellum
black haired. Propleuron and anterior portion of metapleuron pale haired. Legs yellow; coxa
black and concolorous with pleuron, trochanter dark brown to black; fore femur dark brownwith basal portion and apex yellow; hind femur dark brown to black with basal portion
yellow; apex of hind tibia, and tarsus brown to dark brown. Hairs on legs chiefly black, butcoxa chiefly pale haired. Wing nearly hyaline; stigma distinct, dark brown, not reaching towing margin; veins dark brown; anal cell narrowly open. Halter yellow.
Abdomen dark brown to black, and weakly pale gray pollinose; apical portion of tergites
1 7 yellow; sternites 1 2 yellow. Dorsum chiefly black haired; venter pale haired.
Male. Unknown.
Specimens examined. Holotype ♀, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 11. vi. 1980, Chi-kun YANG; 1♀, Tianmushan Mountain, Zhejiang, 26. vi. 1957, Fasheng LI.
Distribution. China (Zhejiang).
Remarks. This species is similar to huashanensis but may be separated from the latter asshown in the key (couplet 35).
Rhagio huashanensis D.YANG et C.YANG sp. nov.
(Figs. 251 254)
Male. Pterostigma elongate and reaching to wing margin. Antennal flagellum and palpal
segment 2 yellow.
Male. Body length 6.5 7.0 mm, wing length 6.2 6.7 mm. Head dark brown to black,pale gray pollinose, and pale haired, but upper occiput and ocellar tubercle with black hairs;arista dark brown. Proboscis and palpus yellow with pale hairs. Eye with contiguous portion

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1.6 1.7 times as long as ocellar triangle. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.6 1.8
times higher than long; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 0.9 1.0 times
distance from antennae to median ocells, 2.7 2.8 times width of frons just above antenna
and 0.8 0.9 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons justabove antennae 0.3 0.4 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.3 0.35 times
width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view and 2.7 2.9 times width of frons atmedian ocellus; distance from ridge below proboscis to antennae about 0.5 0.6 times thatfrom antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9 times as wide as long, 1.8 1.9 times as wide
as parafacial on a mid line and 0.7 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus.
[N＝2].
Thorax dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose; mesonotum with three darker spots,of which median one is divided by a pale line. Mesonotum and scutellum pale haired, butmesonotum with sparse black hairs; propleuron and anterior portion of metapleuron paleFigs. 251 254. Rhagio huashanensis D. YANG et C. YANG, sp. nov., male. 251, Wing; 252, tergites 9 10
and cerci, dorsal view; 253, genital capsule, dorsal view; 254, genital capsule, ventral view.

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haired. Legs yellow; coxa dark brown and concolorous with pleuron; hind femur somewhat
darker with basal portion yellow; tarsus somewhat darker apically. Hairs on legs chiefly
black, but coxa with pale hairs. Wing nearly hyaline or tinged with brown; stigma distinct,
elongate, brownish; veins brownish yellow; anal cell narrowly open. Halter yellow, butknob brown to dark brown apically.
Abdomen brown to dark brown, and apical portion somewhat darker. Hairs on abdomen
pale. Male genitalia (Figs. 252 254): Tergite 9 wider than long, with a deep mid-anterior
incision; cercus obtuse apically; gonocoxal apodeme nearly parallel; gonostylus weakly
curved; ejaculatory apodeme thick with acute posterior portion; dorsal plate somewhat
acute; ventral plate short and broad with distinct lateral ridge.
Female. Unknown.
Holotype ♂, paratype 1♂, Huashan Mountain, 22. viii. 1962, Chi-kun YANG.
Distribution. China (Shaanxi).
Remarks. This species is similar to hangzhouensis but may be separated from the latteras shown in the key (couplet 35).
Rhagio jinxiuensis C.YANG et D.YANG(Fig. 255)
Rhagio jinxiuensis C.YANG et D.YANG, 1993a, J. Guangxi. Acad. Sci., 9: 50. Type locality:
Jinxiu, Guangxi.
Female. Wing with a transverse median darker band (besides apical darker part of wing).
Thorax, abdomen and palpus black. Frons at narrowest point less than 1 2 as wide as one
eye.
Female. Body length 10.5 mm, wing length 11 mm. Head black, pale gray pollinose, andblack haired, but lower occiput chiefly pale haired; frons with some very short black hairs,
parafacial with sparse black hairs, clypeus bare. Antenna dark brown to black with black
hairs; flagellum yellow, arista dark brown. Proboscis and palpus black with pale hairs. Head

Fig. 255. Rhagio jinxiuensis C. YANG et D. YANG, female wing.

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(excluding protruded clypeus) 1.6 times higher than long; width of one eye on a mid line
in direct frontal view 1.1 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 2.1 times widthof frons just above antenna and 1.0 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal
view; width of frons just above antennae 0.5 times distance from antennae to medianocellus, 0.5 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view and 1.5 times widthof frons at median ocellus; distance from ridge below proboscis to antennae about 0.8 times
that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9 times as wide as long, 2.6 times as wide
as parafacial on a mid line and 0.8 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus.
Thorax dark brown to black, but mesonotum and scutellum darker with black hairs;
propleuron and anterior portion of metapleuron with pale hairs. Legs yellow; coxa tinged
with brown; median portion of hind femur and hind tibia (except extreme base) brown todark brown; tarsus brown to dark brown. Hairs on legs chiefly black. Wing hyaline, tinged
with yellow on anterior field, brown along veins of apical half, etc. Halter brownish, butbasal portion yellow.
Abdomen black with chiefly black hairs.
Male. Unknown.
Specimen examined. Holotype ♀, Jinxiu, Guangxi, 14. vi. 1982, Chi-kun YANG.
Distribution. China (Guangxi).
Remarks. This species is similar to centrimaculatus but is easily separated from the latteras shown in the key (couplets 10 11).
Rhagio longshengensis C.YANG et D.YANG(Figs. 256 262)
Rhagio longshengensis C.YANG et D.YANG, 1993a, J. Guangxi Acad. Sci., 9: 50. Type
locality: Longsheng, Guangxi.
Male and female. Palpus, proboscis and legs (except apical portion of tarsus) yellow.
Thorax black. ♂ face small and parafacial very thin. ♀ frons less than 1 2 as wide as one
eye.
Male. Body length 4.2 4.4 mm, wing length 5.1 5.6 mm. Head black, pale graypollinose, and pale haired, but upper occiput and ocellar tubercle black haired; frons andclypeus bare, parafacial pale haired. Antenna brown to dark brown with black hairs; arista
dark brown. Proboscis yellow with black hairs; palpus yellow with yellow hairs. Eye with
contiguous portion 2.3 2.5 times as long as ocellar triangle. Head 1.5 1.6 times higher thanlong; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 0.8 0.9 times distance fromantennae to median ocellus, 3.8 4.1 times width of frons just above antenna and 1.5 1.6times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above antennae
0.2 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.4 times width of face at lowest point
in direct frontal view and 0.9 1.0 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance fromridge below proboscis to antennae about 0.5 0.6 times that from antennae to medianYANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

219

ocellus; clypeus 0.9 times as wide as long, about 7 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line
and 0.9 1.0 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus. [N＝2].
Thorax dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose; lower portion of pleuron somewhat
paler; mesonotum and scutellum darker with pale hairs, the former with some black hairs;
propleuron and anterior portion of metapleuron with pale hairs. Legs yellow, but tarsus
somewhat darker. Hairs on legs black; coxa and fore and mid femora with pale hairs. Wing
nearly hyaline or slightly tinged with brown; stigma narrow, indistinct, reaching to wing
margin; veins brown; anal cell narrowly open. Halter yellow, knob brown to dark brown.

Figs. 256 262. Rhagio longshengensis C. YANG et D. YANG, male. 256, Wing; 257, abdomen, dorsal view;
258, tergites 9 10 and cerci, dorsal view; 259, cercus, dorso-lateral view; 260, tergite 9, sternite 10
and cerci, ventral view; 261, genital capsule, dorsal view; 262, genital capsule, ventral view.

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Abdomen yellow, and weakly pale gray pollinose; tergite 1 brownish yellow, basal portion
and apical margin of tergites 2 5 black, tergites 6 7 almost wholly black. Hairs on abdomen pale on venter but chiefly black on dorsum. Male genitalia (Figs. 258 262): Tergite
9 wider than long, with shallowly incised anterior margin; sternite 10 with apex widelyrounded; cercus quadrate in dorso-lateral view, widely rounded apically; gonocoxal
apodemes weakly divergent; gonostylus curved; ejaculatory apodeme acute posteriorly;
dorsal plate somewhat rounded apically, ventral plate as long as dorsal plate.
Female. Body length 4.3 mm, wing length 5.0 mm. Similar to male except as follows:
Frons without hairs (as in male). Head 1.5 times higher than long; width of one eye on a
mid line in direct frontal view 0.9 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 1.9 times
width of frons just above antenna and 1.0 times width of face at lowest point in direct
frontal view; width of frons just above antennae 0.5 times distance from antennae to medianocellus, 0.6 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view and 1.2 times widthof frons at median ocellus; distance from ridge below proboscis to antennae about 0.9 times
that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.6 times as wide as long, 4.0 times as wide
as parafacial on a mid line and 0.9 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus.
Mesonotum and scutellum wholly black haired.
Specimens examined. Holotype ♂, paratypes 1♂, 1♀, Longsheng, Guangxi, 25. vi.
1982, Chi-kun YANG; 1♂, Jinxiu (720 m), Guangxi, 11. vi. 1982, Fasheng LI.
Distribution. China (Guangxi).
Remarks. This species is similar to apiciflavus but is easily separated from the latter asshown in the key (couplet 32).
Rhagio longzhouensis C.YANG et D.YANG(Figs. 263 269)
Rhagio longzhouensis C.YANG et D.YANG, 1993a, J. Guangxi Acad. Sci., 9: 49. Type
locality: Longzhou, Guangxi.
Male and female. Wing dark brown, but 1st and 2nd basal cells, 2nd to 5th posterior cells,
anal cell, and axillary partly pale. Thorax and coxa black. Fore tibia whitish. ♂ face small
and parafacial very thin. ♀ frons at narrowest point less than 1 2 as wide as one eye.
Male. Body length 7.2 mm, wing length 7.0 mm. Head black, pale gray pollinose, andpale haired, but upper occiput and ocellar tubercle black haired; frons, parafacial andclypeus bare. Scape and pedicel brown to dark brown and flagellum yellow; antenna withpale hairs; arista dark brown. Proboscis and palpus brown to dark brown and chiefly black
haired. Eye with contiguous portion 2.9 times as long as ocellar triangle. Head (excluding
protruded clypeus) 1.7 times higher than long; width of one eye on a mid line in dierct
frontal view 0.8 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 4.5 times width of frons
just above antenna and 1.7 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; widthof frons just above antennae 0.2 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.4 times

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width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view and 1.3 times width of frons at medianocellus; distance from ridge below proboscis to antennae about 0.5 times that from antennae
to median ocellus; clypeus 0.8 times as wide as long, 7 times or so as wide as parafacial ona mid line and 1.2 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus.
Thorax dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose; pronotum, humerus and postalar
callus yellow. Mesonotum and scutellum black haired; humerus and propleuron pale haired;anterior portion of metapleuron pale and black haired. Legs yellow, but coxa darker andconcolorous with pleuron; hind femur black with base and apex yellow; hind tibia darkbrown with basal and apical portions yellow; tarsus brown to dark brown toward apex.

Figs. 263 269. Rhagio longzhouensis C. YANG et D. YANG, male. 263, Wing; 264, basal portion of abdomen, lateral view; 265, tergite 9 and cerci, dorsal view; 266, cercus, dorso-lateral view; 267, tergite
9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 268, genital capsule, dorsal view; 269, genital capsule, ventral
view.

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Hairs on legs chiefly black, but fore coxa with pale hairs. Wing dark brown, with a narrow
pale area near apices of both basal cells and large pale areas on posterior portion; veinsbrown to dark brown; anal cell narrowly open. Halter yellow, but knob dark brown.
Abdomen yellow, and more or less pale gray pollinose; dorsum dark brown to black
except for tergite 1 yellow. Hairs on abdomen black, but those on tergite 1 wholly pale.
Male genitalia (Figs. 265 269): Tergite 9 wider than long, with anterior margin nearlystraight; sternite 10 with apex somewhat acute; cercus somewhat quadrate in dorso-lateralview; gonocoxal apodemes nearly parallel; gonostylus curved; ejaculatory apodeme thin
apically; dorsal plate somewhat acute apically; ventral plate with sclerotized lateral ridge
distinct and acute apically.
Female. Body length 5.0 mm, wing length 5.2 mm. Similar to male except as follows:
Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.6 times higher than long; width of one eye on a midline in direct frontal view 1.0 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 2.1 times
width of frons just above antenna and 1.3 times width of face at lowest point in direct
frontal view; width of frons just above antennae 0.5 times distance from antennae to medianocellus, 0.6 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view and 1.5 times widthof frons at median ocellus; distance from ridge below proboscis to antennae about 0.8 times
that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.8 times as wide as long, about 7.0 times or
so as wide as parafacial on a mid line and 1.0 times as wide as face at upper margin ofclypeus. Hairs on metapleuron black. Abdomen brownish yellow, but segments 3 4 and 8
dark brown to black.
Specimens examined. Holotype ♂, paratype 1♀, Longzhou, Guangxi, 20. v. 1982,
Chi-kun YANG.
Distribution. China (Guangxi).
Remarks. This species is very similar to basiflavus but may be separated from the latteras shown in the key (couplet 3).
Rhagio maolanus C.YANG et D.YANG(Figs. 270 276)
Rhagio maolanus C.YANG et D.YANG, 1993c, Entomotaxon., 15: 280. Type locality: Libo,
Guizhou.
Male. Veins R4, R5, M1, M2, M3, and CuA bordered with brown to dark brown.
Antenna (except arista), palpus, thorax, legs (except tarsus), and halter yellow. Hind femur
with a ventral hump near apex.
Male. Body length 9 11 mm, wing length 10 11 mm. Head black, and pale graypollinose. Hairs on head yellow; ocellar tubercle and upper margin of occiput with black
hairs; frons, parafacial and clypeus bare. Antenna yellow; arista black; scape and pedicel
black haired, flagellum and arista minutely pale pubescent. Proboscis yellow, tinged withblack apically, with black hairs; palpus yellow, chiefly yellow haired. Eye with contiguousYANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

223

portion 1.7 1.8 times as long as ocellar triangle. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.6
1.7 times higher than long; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 0.9 1.0
times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 3.3 4.0 times width of frons just above
antenna and 1.4 1.5 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width offrons just above antennae 0.2 0.3 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.4 0.5
times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view and 1.6 2.2 times width of frons
at median ocellus; distance from ridge below proboscis to antennae about 0.6 0.7 times thatfrom antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.8 0.9 times as wide as long, 6.5 7.0 times aswide as parafacial on a mid line and 1.1 1.3 times as wide as face at upper margin ofclypeus.
Thorax yellow; mesonotum dark yellow with 3 blackish longitudinal lines; scutellum
dark yellow. Mesonotum and scutellum black haired; propleuron yellow haired,mesopleuron sparsely black haired at postero-upper part, anterior portion of metapleuron

Figs. 270 271. Rhagio maolanus C. YANG et D. YANG, male. 270, Wing; 271, hind leg.

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Figs. 272 276. Rhagio maolanus C. YANG et D. YANG, male. 272, Tergites 9 10 and cerci, dorsal view;
273, cercus, dorso-lateral view; 274, tergite 9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 275, genital capsule,dorsal view; 276, genital capsule, ventral view.

yellow haired. Legs yellow; fore tibia white except base; tarsus brown to dark brown except
hind tarsus somewhat paler. Hind femur with an apico-ventral hump. Hairs on legs yellow
and black; fore tibia alomost wholly white haired; tarsus and mid and hind tibiae with black
hairs. Wing yellow, tinged with black along apico-anterior margin and most of longitudinalveins on apical portion. Stigma dark brown and truncate at apex. Halter yellow.
Abdomen yellow, but dorsum brownish yellow. Hairs on dorsum chiefly black but thoseon venter yellow. Male genitalia (Figs. 272 276): Tergite 9 much wider than long, with aV-shaped anterior incision; sternite 10 widely rounded apically; cercus large and somewhat
quadrate; gonocoxal apodemes nearly parallel; gonostylus weakly curved; ejaculatory
apodeme narrow posteriorly, with acute anterior portion; dorsal plate somewhat acuteapically; ventral plate with narrow sclerotized lateral ridge.
Female. Unknown.
Specimens examined. Holotype ♂, paratypes 2♂♂, Maolan, Libo, Guizhou, 12 13. v.
1990, Chi-kun YANG and Zhiqi LIU.

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Distribution. China (Guizhou).
Remarks. This species is similar to guangxiensis but is easily separated from the latter asshown in the key (couplet 15).
Rhagio meridionalis C.YANG et D.YANG(Figs. 277 283)
Rhagio meridionalis C.YANG et D.YANG, 1993b, Ent. J. E. China, 2: 2. Type locality:
Chong’ an, Fujian.
Male. Apical part of wing darker. Antenna (except arista and scape which may be
darker), palpus and halter yellow. Parafacial abundantly pale haired. Arista arising near
ventral side of flagellum. Thorax and coxa black.
Male. Body length 8.1 8.3 mm, wing length 8.0 9.6 mm. Head black, and pale graypollinose. Hairs on head pale, but upper occiput and ocellar tubercle with black hairs; frons
and clypeus bare, parafacial with long pale hairs. Antenna yellow, but scape somewhat
darker; with chiefly black hairs; arista dark brown. Proboscis dark yellow with black hairs;
palpus yellow with yellow hairs. Eye with contiguous portion 1.8 2.6 times as long as
ocellar triangle. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.5 1.7 times higher than long; widthof one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 0.9 1.0 times distance from antennae tomedian ocellus, 3.0 3.1 times width of frons just above antenna and 1.1 1.2 times widthof face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above antennae 0.3 times
distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.35 0.4 times width of face at lowest point in
direct frontal view and 2.9 3.0 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from ridge
below proboscis to antennae about 0.6 0.7 times that from antennae to median ocellus;
clypeus 0.8 0.9 times as wide as long, 2.2 2.4 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line and0.85 0.9 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus. [N＝2].
Thorax black, and pale gray pollinose; humerus and scutellum dark yellow; mesonotumwith 3 indistinct darker longitudinal spots, of which median one is divided by a pale line.
Mesonotum and scutellum with black hairs; propleuron, upper part of mesopleuron andanterior portion of metapleuron with yellow hairs. Legs dark brown to black; coxa blackand concolorous with pleuron; fore and mid femora, and basal portion of hind femur yellow,
but apical half (except apex) of fore femur blackish; tibia yellow except apex of hind tibia;
mid tarsus somewhat paler basally. Hairs on legs black, but those on coxa yellow; femur
with some yellow hairs basally. Wing nearly hyaline, tinged with yellow particularly on
anterior field; apical portion wholly brown or darker; stigma narrow and dark brown; veinsbrownish yellow to brown; anal cell narrowly open. Halter yellow.
Abdomen black, and weakly pale gray pollinose; basal 2 segments yellow, but tergite 2
with a large black basal spot; apical margin of tergites 3 4 and that of sternite 3 yellow.
Hairs on abdomen black, but lateral portion of dorsum basally with yellow hairs; venter
basally chiefly yellow haired. Male genitalia (Figs. 279 283): Tergite 9 distinctly wider

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Figs. 277 283. Rhagio meridionalis C. YANG et D. YANG, male. 277, Wing; 278, abdomen, lateral view;
279, tergites 9 10 and cerci, dorsal view; 280, cercus, dorso-lateral view; 281, tergite 9, sternite 10
and cerci, ventral view; 282, genital capsule, dorsal view; 283, genital capsule, ventral view.

than long with small mid-anterior incision; tergite 10 distinct and membranous; sternite 10
somewhat narrow and rounded apically; cercus with concave posterior margin and apex
somewhat acute; gonocoxal apodemes convergent; gonostylus weakly curved; ejaculatory
apodeme nearly uniformly narrow anteriorly; dorsal plate rounded apically, ventral platewith V-shaped apical incision and narrow sclerotized lateral ridge.
Female. Unknown.
Specimens examined. Holotype ♂, Chong’an, Fujian, 25. vi. 1979, Chi-kun YANG;
paratype 1♂, Huangshan Mountain, Anhui, 22. vii. 1977, Fasheng LI.
Remarks. This species is very similar to pilosus but may be separated from the latter asshown in the key (couplet 25).

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Rhagio nagatomii D.YANG et C.YANG sp. nov.
(Figs. 284 290)
Male and female. Antenna (except arista), palpus, proboscis, thorax (except three broaddarker stripes on male mesonotum), legs (except apical portion of tarsus) and halter yellow. Abdominal tergites 2 4 each with a median smaller dark brown to black spot which
is widely separated both from anterior and posterior margins. Arista arising near ventral sideof flagellum. ♀ frons distinctly narrower than (but over 1 2 as wide as) one eye.
Male. Body length 7.8 10.1 mm, wing length 8.4 12.0 mm. Head dark brown to black,pale gray pollinose, and pale haired, but bare on clypeus, frons and upper portion ofparafacial. Antenna yellow, with hairs chiefly pale; arista brown to dark brown. Proboscis
yellow with either chiefly yellow or black hairs. Palpus yellow with pale hairs. Eye with
contiguous portion 1.9 2.1 times a long as ocellar triangle. Head (excluding protruded
clypeus) 1.7 1.8 times higher than long; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal
view 0.8 0.9 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 2.9 3.6 times width of frons
just above antenna and 1.1 1.2 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view;
width of frons just above antennae 0.25 0.3 times distance from antennae to medianocellus, 0.3 0.4 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view and 1.8 2.0 times
width of frons at median ocellus; distance from ridge below proboscis to antennae about 0.5
0.6 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.8 0.9 times as wide as long, 2.3
2.7 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line and 1.0 1.1 times as wide as face at upper

Figs. 284 285. Rhagio nagatomii D. YANG et C. YANG, sp. nov., male. 284, Wing; 285, abdomen, lateral
view.

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Figs. 286 290. Rhagio nagatomii D. YANG et C. YANG, sp. nov., male. 286, Tergites 9 10 and cerci,
dorsal view; 287, cercus, dorso-lateral view; 288, tergite 9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 289,
genital capsule, dorsal view; 290, genital capsule, ventral view.

margin of clypeus. [N＝2].
Thorax yellow, and pale gray pollinose; mesonotum with three brown to dark brown
longitudinal spots. Mesonotum and scutellum black haired, but anterolateral margin ofmesonotum with pale hairs; propleuron and anterior portion of metapleuron pale haired.
Legs yellow, but tarsus brownish. Hairs on legs chiefly black, but coxa with pale hairs.
Wing nearly hyaline, basal portion and anterior field tinged with yellow; apical portion andposterior margin indistinctly tinged with brownish; stigma distinct, short, and dark brown;veins brownish yellow; anal cell narrowly open. Halter yellow.
Abdomen yellow, and weakly pale gray pollinose; tergites 1 5 (or 2 5) with a mediandark brown to black spot, tergites 6 7 black with apical margin yellow; sternites 6 7 blackwith apical margin yellow. Hairs on abdomen chiefly black, but venter with pale hairs. Male
genitalia (Figs. 286 290): Tergite 9 distinctly wider than long, with a nearly V-shaped
anterior incision; sternite 10 widely rounded apically; cercus somewhat quadrate; gonocoxal
apodemes nearly parallel; gonostylus somewhat swollen apically; ejaculatory apodeme longand thick, and flattened anteriorly; dorsal plate nearly acute apically, ventral plate withYANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

229

sclerotized lateral ridge thin and curved.
Female. Body length 6.8 mm, wing length 6.8 mm. Similar to male except as follows:
Frons with some pale hairs. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.2 times higher thanlong; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 0.9 times distance from antennae
to median ocellus, 1.4 times width of frons just above antenna and 0.8 times width of faceat lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above antennae 0.7 times distancefrom antennae to median ocellus, 0.5 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal
view and 1.0 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from ridge below proboscis
to antennae about 0.7 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.8 times as wide
as long, 2.9 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line and 0.8 times as wide as face at upper
margin of clypeus. Abdominal tergite 5 with basal portion blackish, tergite 6 nearly yellow,
tergite 7 brownish basally, tergite 8 black; sternite 5 brown basally.
Holotype ♂, Chengxian, Gansu, vi. 1964, Io Chou and Shaoyou LIU. Paratypes 1♂, 1♀, Tianshui, Gansu, vi. 1964, Io CHOU and Shaoyou LIU. Paratype 1♂, Jingyuan, Ningxia(1,940 m), 13. vii. 1980, Chi-kun YANG.
Distribution. China (Gansu and Ningxia).
Remarks. This species is similar to formosus (♂), but may be separated from the latteras shown in the key (couplet 29).
Rhagio perdicaceus FREY
Rhagio perdicaceus FREY, 1954, Notul ent., 34: 11. Type locality: Kambaiti, Burma.
Distribution. China (Fujian), Burma.
Rhagio pilosus D.YANG, C.YANG et NAGATOMI sp. nov.
(Figs. 291 298)
Male. Apical part of wing darker. Eyes narrowly separated. Parafacial abundantly palehaired. Antenna arising near ventral side of flagellum. Thorax and coxa black.
Male. Body length 5.1 5.7 mm, wing length 5.4 5.6 mm. Head black, and pale graypollinose. Hairs on head pale, but ocellar tubercle and upper margin of occiput with stiff
black hairs; frons and clypeus bare; parafacial (except upper margin) distinctly pale haired.
Antennal scape and pedicel brown to dark brown, flagellum yellow, arista dark brown;
scape and pedicel black haired, flagellum and arista minutely pale pubescent. Proboscis
brown to dark brown with black hairs; palpus brown to dark brown, with base somewhat
paler, and with pale hairs. Eyes narrowly separated. Head (excluding protruded clypeus)
1.5 1.6 times higher than long; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.1
times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 2.7 times width of frons just above antenna
and 1.1 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above
antennae 0.4 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.4 times width of face at

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Figs. 291 293. Rhagio pilosus D. YANG, C. YANG et NAGATOMI sp. nov., male. 291, Wing; 292, abdomen,
lateral view; 293, head, anterior view.

lowest point in direct frontal view and 2.1 2.2 times width of frons at median ocellus;
distance from ridge below proboscis to antennae about 0.7 0.8 times that from antennae tomedian ocellus; clypeus 0.9 times as wide as long, 2.7 3.2 times as wide as parafacial ona mid line and 0.9 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus.
Thorax black, and pale gray pollinose; humerus and postalar callus pale brownish yellow;
scutellum dark brownish yellow. Mesonotum and scutellum black haired, propleuron andmetapleuron pale haired. Legs yellow; coxa dark brown to black and concolorous withpleuron, trochanters blackish; femur (except basal portion) dark brown to black; tarsus andapex of hind tibia brown to dark brown. Hairs on legs black, but those on coxa longer andchiefly pale. Wing nearly hyaline, tinged with black particularly in apical portion; stigma
dark brown and reaching to wing margin; veins dark brownish yellow to brown; anal celldistinctly open. Halter yellow, knob brownish yellow.

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Figs. 294 298. Rhagio pilosus D. YANG, C. YANG et NAGATOMI sp. nov., male. 294, Tergites 9 10 andcerci, dorsal view; 295, cercus, dorso-lateral view; 296, tergite 9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view;
297, genital capsule, dorsal view; 298, genital capsule, ventral view.

Abdomen black, and pale gray pollinose; tergite 1, posterior margin of tergites 2 4 (or 25), sternites 1 2 yellow. Hairs on abdomen black, but base with some pale hairs particularly on sternite 2. Male genitalia (Figs. 294 298): Tergite 9 distinctly wider than long,with a nearly V-shaped anterior incision; sternite 10 widely rounded apically; cercus somewhat quadrate; gonocoxal apodemes nearly parallel; gonostylus curved; ejaculatory
apodeme very long and distinctly bending; dorsal plate rounded apically; ventral plate withthin sclerotized lateral ridge.
Female. Unknown.
Holotype ♂, paratype 1♂, Tonghua, Jilin, 5. viii. 1983, Ding YANG.
Distribution. China (Jilin).
Remarks. This species is very similar to meridionalis but may be separated from the latteras shown in the key (couplet 25).

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Rhagio pseudasticta D.YANG et C.YANG(Fig. 299)
Rhagio pseudasticta D.YANG et C.YANG, 1994, Guangxi Sci., 1(3): 32, 33. Type locality:
Maoer Mountain, Guangxi.
Female. Apical part of wing darker, and distinct small darkened stigma present. Antenna(except arista), palpus, humeral and postalar calli, ptero- and metapleuron, scutellum, coxa,
and halter yellow. Arista arising near ventral side of flagellum. ♀ frons at narrowest partabout 1 2 as wide as one eye.
The original description of this species is quoted below.
Body length 6.0 mm, wing length 6.3 mm. Head black with pale gray pollinosity; hairs on head
black and white, but face with white hairs. Antenna yellow, arista brown. Proboscis brownish yellow
with black hairs; palpus yellow with black hairs.
Thorax yellow with pale gray pollinosity; mesonotum brownish black except for humeral andpostalar calli yellow; postnotum brownish black with lateral margin brownish yellow; mesopleuron,sternopleuron (except upper and posterior margins), lower portion of hypopleuron brown to brownish
black. Mesonotum and scutellum black haired; metapleuron yellow haired. Legs yellow; fore femur
tinged with brown subapically, hind femur brownish black with basal portion and tip yellow tobrownish yellow; hind tibia brown at apex; tarsi dark brown; legs chiefly black haired, but fore coxa
white haired, and mid and hind coxae yellow haired. Wing yellowish, apical portion black, with
distinct darker stigma. Halter yellow.
Abdomen brownish black with pale gray pollinosity; tergite 1 entirely yellow; apical portions oftergites 2 4 yellow; sternites 1 2, posterior margin of sternite 3 yellow. Hairs on abdomen chiefly
black.
Holotype ♀, Guangxi: Maoer mountain (1,400 m), 1992 08 24, YANG Chikun, YANG Chunqing.

Distribution. China (Guangxi).
Remarks. This species may be separated from asticta as shown in the key (couplet 22).

Fig. 299. Rhagio pseudasticta D. YANG et C. YANG, female wing. (From D.Yang and C.Yang, 1994)

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Rhagio separatus D.YANG, C.YANG et NAGATOMI sp. nov.
(Figs. 300 307)
Male. Eyes separated (narrowest part of frons wider than median ocellus). Antenna[flagellum broken off], palpus, thorax and coxa dark brown to black.
Male. Body length 7.9 mm, wing length 8.9 mm. Head black, and pale gray pollinose.
Hairs on head pale, but ocellar tubercle and upper margin of occiput with black hairs; frons
and clypeus bare, but parafacial with some hairs on median portion. Scape and pedicel
black; scape bare; pedicel black haired; [flagellum broken off]. Proboscis and palpus
brown to dark brown, with black hairs. Eyes distinctly separated and narrowest part of frons
distinctly wider than median ocellus. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.4 times higher
than long; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.2 times distance from

Figs. 300 302. Rhagio separatus D.YANG, C.YANG et NAGATOMI sp. nov., male. 300, Wing; 301, abdomen, dorsal view; 302, head, anterior view.

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antennae to median ocellus, 2.2 times width of frons just above antenna and 1.0 times widthof face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above antennae 0.5 times
distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.4 times width of face at lowest point in direct
frontal view and 2.1 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from ridge below
proboscis to antennae about 0.8 times that from antennae to meidan ocellus; clypeus 0.9
times as wide as long, 2.6 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line and 0.85 times as wide
as face at upper margin of clypeus.
Thorax dark brown, and pale gray pollinose. Humerus yellow. Mesonotum with 3 dorker
wide longitudinal spots, of which median one is divided by a pale line. Mesonotum withblack hairs; propleuron and metapleuron with black and pale hairs. Legs dark brownish
yellow; coxa and trochanter black, coxa concolorous with pleuron; tip of femur somewhat
pale; tarsus and hind femur (except basal portion) dark brown. Hairs on legs black but
those on coxa longer and chiefly pale. Wing indistinctly tinged with gray; stigma elongate
and brown, not reaching to wing margin; veins brown to dark brown; anal cell widely open.

Figs. 303 307. Rhagio separatus D. YANG, C. YANG et NAGATOMI sp. nov., male. 303, Tergites 9 10 andcerci, dorsal view; 304, cercus, dorso-lateral view; 305, tergite 9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view;
306, genital capsule, dorsal view; 307, genital capsule, ventral view.

YANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

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Halter pale brownish yellow.
Abdomen black, and pale gray pollinose; tergites 2 7 with yellow apical margins. Hairs
on abdomen black but those on sternite 2 chiefly pale. Male genitalia (Figs. 303 307):
Tergite 9 distinctly wider than long, with an anterior incision; sternite 10 with apical portion
more or less acute; cercus with a large apico-lateral apex; gonocoxal apodemes nearlyparallel; gonostylus elongate and weakly curved; ejaculatory apodeme long and distinctly
bending; dorsal plate rather acute apically, ventral plate with thin sclerotized lateral ridge.
Female. Unknown.
Holotype ♂, Yadong, 4. vii. 1992, Tianyu GUO.
Distribution. China (Xizang).
Remarks. This species is similar to zhejiangensis, stigmosus and shaanxiensis but isseparated from them as shown in the key (couplets 36 38).
Rhagio shaanxiensis D.YANG et C.YANG sp. nov.
(Figs. 308 314)
Male. Antenna, palpus, thorax and coxa black. Abdominal tergites 1 4 with a wide
median longitudinal black stripe and with black lateral margin.
Male. Body length 11.5 mm, wing length 8.8 mm. Head black, pale gray pollinose, paleFigs. 308 309. Rhagio shaanxiensis D. YANG et C. YANG sp. nov., male. 308, Wing; 309, basal portion of
abdomen, lateral view.

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Figs. 310 314. Rhagio shaanxiensis D. YANG et C. YANG sp. nov., male. 310, Tergite 9, dorsal view; 311,
cercus, dorso-lateral view; 312, tergite 9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 313, genital capsule,dorsal view; 314, genital capsule, ventral view.

haired, but upper occiput and ocellar tubercle black haired; frons and clypeus bare; gena
with some black hairs; parafacial with pale hairs. Antenna black, with chiefly black hairs;arista dark brown. Proboscis and palpus dark brown to black with black hairs (the former
may be yellow ventrally). [Head crushed and not measured].
Thorax black, and pale gray pollinose; mesonotum with three darker wide longitudinalspots, of which the median one is divided by a pale line; mid-posterior area of scutellum
may be dark yellow. Mesonotum and scutellum black haired; propleuron and anterior portion of metapleuron pale haired. Legs yellow, coxa black and concolorous with pleuron;trochanter brownish yellow; hind femur black except basal portion and apex yellow; tibiabrownish yellow, with apex darker; tarsus dark brown. Hairs on legs black, but coxa andventral surface of fore and mid femora with pale hairs. Wing nearly hyaline or tinged withbrown, apical portion and posterior margin somewhat darker; stigma distinct, elongate, darkbrown; veins dark brown; anal cell closed at wing margin. Halter yellow.

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Abdomen black, but tergites 1 4 yellow with lateral margin and median portion black;sternites 1 4 yellow with a median black spot on sternites 2 4. Hairs on abdomen chiefly
black. Male genitalia (Figs. 310 314): Tergite 9 as long as wide, distinctly narrow
apically, concave mid-apically, and with a nearly V-shaped anterior incision; sternite 10acute apically; cercus bending and tapering; gonocoxal apodemes nearly parallel;gonostylus distinctly bending; dorsal plate rounded apically.
Female. Unknown.
Holotype ♂, Yangxiang, Shaanxi, 3. v. 1981, Longcheng XIANG.
Distribution. China (Shaanxi).
Remarks. This species is similar to stigmosus but may be separated from the latter asshown in the key (couplets 26 and 38).
Rhagio shennonganus C.YANG et D.YANG(Figs. 315 316)
Rhagio shennonganus C.YANG et D.YANG, 1991, J. Hubei Univ. (Nat. Hist.), 13: 276.
Type locality: Shennongjia, Hubei.
Female. Antenna, palpus, thorax, and abdomen (except posterior borders of tergites 1 4)
black. Fore coxa yellow. Frons at narrowest point over 1 2 as wide as one eye.
Female. Body length 8.4 mm, wing length 8.0 mm. Head black, pale gray pollinose andpale haired, but upper occiput and ocellar tubercle black haired; frons with several palehairs, clypeus bare, and parafacial with pale hairs. Antenna dark brown to black with chiefly
black hairs. Proboscis and palpus blackish with black hairs. Head (excluding protruded
clypeus) 1.4 times higher than long; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view
0.9 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 1.1 times width of frons just above
antenna and 0.7 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons justabove antennae 0.8 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.6 times width of faceat lowest point in direct frontal view and 1.1 times width of frons at median ocellus; dis-Figs. 315 316. Rhagio shennonganus C. YANG et D. YANG, female. 315, Wing; 316, basal portion of
abdomen, lateral view.

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tance from ridge below proboscis to antennae about 0.9 times that from antennae to medianocellus; clypeus 0.8 times as wide as long, 2.4 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line and
0.7 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus.
Thorax dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose; humerus yellow; mesonotum withthree black wide black longitudinal spots. Mesonotum and scutellum with pale hairs, butmesonotum with some black hairs laterally; propleuron and anterior portion of metapleuron
with pale hairs. Legs yellow; mid and hind coxa basally tinged with black, apical half offore and hind femora (except apex of fore femur) blackish, apex of hind tibia blackish, andtarsus brown to dark brown. Hairs on legs black; coxa wholly pale haired, femur with somepale hairs basally. Wing hyaline; stigma very narrow, elongate, and yellow; veins brown;
anal cell narrowly open. Halter yellow.
Abdomen black, and pale gray pollinose; apical margin of tergites 1 4 and lateral marginof sternites 1 2 yellow. Hairs on abdomen pale.
Male. Unknown.
Specimen examined. Holotype ♀ , Shennongjia (2,700 m), Hubei, 23. vii. 1980,
Xiaoyuan MAO.
Distribution. China (Hubei).
Remarks. This species is similar to basimaculatus but may be separated from the latteras shown in the key (couplet 33).
Rhagio shirakii Szilady
Rhagio shirakii Szilady, 1934b, Konowia, 13: 9. Type locality: Chosokol, Taiwan.
Distribution. China (Taiwan).
Rhagio sinensis C.YANG et D.YANG(Figs. 317 322)
Rhagio sinensis C.YANG et D.YANG, 1993b, Ent. J. E. China, 2: 1. Type locality:
Jinggangshan Mountain, Jiangxi.
Male and female. Similar to choui and guizhouensis. Antennal flagellum dark brown to
black. Outer median band on wing not interrupted medially.
Male. Body length 5.1 6.5 mm, wing length 4.7 6.3 mm. Head black, and pale graypallinose. Hairs on head black and pale, but those on lower occiput nearly wholly pale;frons and clypeus bare, parafacial with longer pale or black hairs. Antenna black (sometimes flagellum yellow) with black hairs. Proboscis and palpus dark brown to black withblack hairs. Eye with contiguous portion 1.6 1.7 times as long as ocellar triangle. Head(exluding protruded clypeus) 1.4 1.7 times higher than long; width of one eye on a midline in direct frontal view 1.1 1.2 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 2.2 2.6

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times width of frons just above antenna and 0.8 0.9 times width of face at lowest point in
direct frontal view; width of frons just above antennae 0.4 0.5 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.3 0.4 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view and3.0 3.1 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from ridge below proboscis toantennae about 0.8 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9 1.0 times aswide as long, 1.2 1.3 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line and 0.5 times as wide as

Figs. 317 322. Rhagio sinensis C. YANG et D. YANG, male. 317, Wing; 318, tergites 9 10 and cerci,
dorsal view; 319, cercus, dorso-lateral view; 320, tergite 9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 321,
genital capsule, dorsal view; 322, genital capsule, ventral view.

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face at upper margin of clypeus. [N＝5].
Thorax black, and pale gray pollinose; mesonotum with 3 darker wide longitudinal spots.
Mesonotum and scutellum with black hairs; pleuron with pale hairs except for mesopleuron
and sternopleuron with some black hairs. Legs dark brown to black; coxa concolorous withpleuron; apex of fore and mid femora, and tibia (except apex) brownish yellow; tarsus
brown to dark brown but tarsomere 1 (except apex) brownish yellow. Hairs on legs chiefly
black, but fore and hind coxae with chiefly pale hairs. Wing hyaline, with distinct darker
spots; stigma elongate and dark brown; veins brown to dark brown; anal cell closed, butsometimes narrowly open. Halter yellow.
Abdomen dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose. Hairs on abdomen pale. Male
genitalia (Figs. 318 322): Tergite 9 wider than long, with a shallow V-shaped anterior
incision; tergite 10 reduced and membranous; sternite 10 with apical portion widelyrounded; cercus somewhat rounded, with wide apex in dorsolateral view; gonocoxal
apodemes nearly parallel; gonostylus somewhat curved; ejaculatory apodeme flattened
anteriorly; dorsal plate obtuse apically; ventral plate elongate and nearly triangular withsclerotized lateral ridge thin and straight.
Female. Body length 4.6 6.0 mm, wing length 5.1 5.8 mm. Similar to male except asfollows: Frons with short black hairs; head 1.5 1.6 times higher than long; width of one eye
on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.0 1.1 times distance from antennae to median ocellus,
0.9 1.0 times width of frons just above antenna and 0.4 0.5 times width of face at lowest
point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above antennae 1.1 1.2 times distance fromantennae to median ocellus, 0.5 0.6 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal
view and 1.1 1.2 times width of frons at meian ocellus; distance from ridge below proboscis to antennae about 1.0 1.1 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9 1.0
times as wide as long, 1.2 1.5 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line and 0.45 0.5 times
as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus. [N＝3].
Specimens examined. Paratypes 5♂♂, 3♀♀, Meilin, Jiangxi, 18. iv. 1978, Chi-kun Y
ANG.
Distribtuion. China (Jiangxi, Hubei).
Remarks. This species is closely related to choui, guizhouensis, and perdicaceus but may
be separated from them as shown in the key (couplets 6 7).
Rhagio singularis D.YANG, C.YANG et NAGATOMI sp. nov.
(Figs. 323 324)
Female. Wing with two darker spots and somewhat darker apical portion. Antenna,
palpus, thorax and legs (except apical portion of tarsus) yellow. Frons at narrowest part lessthan 1 2 as wide as one eye.
Female. Body length 6.8 mm, wing length 6.4 mm. Head dark brown to black, and pale
gray pollinose. Hairs on head pale; ocellar tubercle with some black hairs; frons, parafacialand clypeus bare. Antenna yellow, flagellum dark reddish yellow, arista dark brown; scapeYANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

241

Figs. 323 324. Rhagio singularis D. YANG, C. YANG et NAGATOMI sp. nov., female. 323, Wing; 324,
abdomen, dorsal view.

bare, pedicel pale haired, flagellum minutely pale pubescent. Proboscis dark yellow withpale hairs; palpus yellow with pale hairs. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.5 times
higher than long; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 0.8 times distancefrom antennae to median ocellus, 1.5 times widht of frons just above antenna and 1.1 times
width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above antennae 0.5
times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.6 times widht of face at lowest point in
direct frontal view and 1.6 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from ridge
below proboscis to antennae about 0.8 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus
0.8 times as wide as long, 5.3 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line and 0.8 times aswide as face at upper margin of clypeus.
Thorax pale brownish yellow to yellow, and pale gray pollinose; mesonotum andscutellum without distinct darker markings. Mesonotum and scutellum with black hairs;
propleuron and anterior portion of metapleuron with dark yellow or pale hairs. Legs yellow
but apex of tarsus darkened [fore leg (except coxa and trochanter) and hind tarsus brokenoff]. Hairs on legs pale, but tibia and tarsus with black hairs. Wing slightly tinged withyellow, with a darker spot crossing base of discal cell and one short darker spot crossing
apex of discal cell; darkened stigma rather short and truncate at both ends; apical portion ofwing slightly darker; veins brownish yellow to brown; anal cell narrowly open; basal section of M2 as long as crossvein m. Halter yelow [knob may possibly be darker].

242South Pacific Study Vol. 17, No. 2, 1997

Abdomen brownish yellow, and pale gray pollinose; basal portion of tergites 1 and 3 5
dark brown to black; tergite 2 more or less brown. Hairs on abdomen pale.
Male. Unknown.
Holotype ♀, Tianlin, Guangxi, 31. v. 1982, Fasheng Li.
Distribution. China (Guangxi).
Remarks. This species variously falls in the couplets 11, 20 and 28 of the key according
to the interpretation of the wing maculation and is similar to centrimaculatus, nagatomii,
formosus, etc. but may be easily separated from them as shown in the key.
Rhagio stigmosus D.YANG, C.YANG et NAGATOMI sp. nov.
(Figs. 325 331)
Male. Thorax and coxa black, but scutellum with yellow mid-posterior part. Abdominal
tergites 1 3 and sternites 2 4 each with a black wide mid longitudinal stripe. Parafacial
abundantly pale haired.
Male. Body length 7.3 mm, wing length 8.3 mm. Head black, and pale gray pollinose.
Hairs on head pale, but upper margin of occiput and ocellar tubercle black haired, frons andclypeus bare; gena with some black hairs; parafacials with pale hairs. Antenna dark brown
to black, with black and pale hairs. Proboscis brown to dark brown, with black hairs; palpus
black with chiefly black hairs. Eye nearly contiguous (narrowest point of frons less thanFigs. 325 326. Rhagio stigmosus D. YANG, C. YANG et NAGATOMI sp. nov., male. 325, Wing; 326, abdomen, dorsal view.

YANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

243

width of median ocellus). Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.5 times higher than long;
width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.1 times distance from antennae tomedian ocellus, 3.3 times width of frons just above antenna and 1.3 times width of face atlowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above antennae 0.3 times distancefrom antennae to median ocellus, 0.4 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal
view and 2.2 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from ridge below proboscis
to antennae 0.7 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9 times as wide as
long, 4.8 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line and 1.1 times as wide as face at upper
margin of clypeus.
Thorax black, and pale gray pollinose; mid-posterior area of scutellum yellow.
Mesonotum and scutellum black haired; propleuron and anterior portion of metapleuron
pale haired. Legs [mid femur, mid and hind tibiae, and tarsus broken off] yellow; coxa

Figs. 327 331. Rhagio stigmosus D. YANG, C. YANG et NAGATOMI sp. nov., male. 327, Tergite 9 and cerci,
dorsal view; 328, cercus, dorso-lateral view; 329, tergite 9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 330,
genital capsule, dorsal view; 331, genital capsule, ventral view.

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black and concolorous with pleuron; trochanter brownish yellow; hind femur black except
basal portion and tip; fore tibia brownish yellow, with apex darker; fore tarsus dark brown.
Hairs on legs chiefly black, but those on coxa pale and those on fore femur chiefly so. Wing
nearly hyaline, apical portion distinctly brown; posterior margin tinged with brownish;stigma elongate, dark brown, wide apically; veins dark brown; anal cell narrowly open.
Halter yellow except knob tinged with black.
Abdomen dark brown to black, but tergites 1 3 brownish yellow to yellow with lateral
margin and median portion dark brown to black; sternites 1 4 yellow with a wide median
black area on sternites 2 4. Hairs on abdomen black, but venter and lateral margin of
tergites 1 4 with pale hairs. Male genitalia (Figs. 327 331): Tergite 9 as long as wide,
distinctly narrower apically, concave mid-apically, an with a nearly V-shaped anterior
incision; sternite 10 acute apically; cercus bending and tapering; gonocoxal apodemes rather
divergent; gonostylus distinctly bending; dorsal plate rounded apically.
Female. Unknown.
Holotype ♂, Ankiang, Shaanxi, 22. iv. 1981, Longcheng XIANG and Ning MA.
Distribution. China (Shaanxi).
Remarks. This species is similar to shaanxiensis but may be separated from the latter asshown in the key (couplet 26).
Rhagio tuberculatus D.YANG, C.YANG et NAGATOMI sp. nov.
(Figs. 332 338)
Male. Veins R4, R5, M1 to M4, CuA, apical margin of discal and basal cells borderedwith brown. Pterostigma absent. Pleuron, side of mesonotum, scutellum (except mid base),coxa, femur, tibia and halter yellow. ♂ hind femur with a ventral hump near apex.
[Antennal flagellum broken off].
Male. Body length 6.8 9.6 mm, wing length 8.1 11.6 mm. Head dark brown to black,and pale gray pollinose; clypeus brown. Hairs on head pale, but occiput and ocellar tubercle
black haired; frons, parafacial and clypeus bare. Antenna [flagellum broken off] yellow,
scape bare and pedicel blackish haired. Proboscis dark brown with pale hairs; palpus yellow
to brownish yellow with pale hairs. Eye with contiguous portion 3.3 times as long as ocellar
triangle. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.4 times higher than long; width of one eye
on a mid line in direct frontal view 0.8 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 3.7
times width of frons just above antenna and 1.7 times width of face at lowest point in direct
frontal view; width of frons just above antennae 0.2 times distance from antennae to medianocellus, 2.2 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view and 3.3 times widthof frons at median ocellus; distance from ridge below proboscis to antennae about 0.5 times
that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9 times as wide as long, 7.2 times as wide
as parafacial on a mid line and 1.2 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus. [N＝1,based on paratype].
Thorax yellow, and pale gray pollinose. Mesonotum dark brown to black but yellowYANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

245

Figs. 332 338. Rhagio tuberculatus D. YANG, C. YANG et NAGATOMI sp. nov., male. 332, Wing; 333,
abdomen, dorsal view; 334, tergite 9 and cerci, dorsal view; 335, cercus, dorso-lateral view; 336,
tergite 9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 337, genital capsule, dorsal view; 338, genital capsule,ventral view.

laterally; mid-basal area of scutellum dark brown to black. Mesonotum and scutellum palehaired; propleuron and anterior portion of metapleuron pale haired. Legs yellow; tarsus
brownish yellow to dark brown; fore tibia whitish, hind tibia brownish to brown. Hind
femur with a ventral hump near apex. Hairs on legs black; coxa with yellow hairs; fore tibia
with pale hairs. Wing nearly hyaline with brown parts: apical section of costal, subcostal,marginal and 1st submarginal cells, bordering of veins R4, R5, M1 to M4, CuA, apicalmargin of discal and 2nd basal cell. Stigma absent; veins brownish yellow to brown; basal
section of M2 0.3 times as long as crossvein m; anal cell narrowly open. Halter yellow.
Abdomen yellow; tergite 1 with narrow dark brown basal margin; tergites 2 7 each with

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black basal border produced at middle and extending to posterior margin on tergites 3 7;
sternite 7 somewhat darker. Hairs on abdomen black. Male genitalia (Figs. 334 338):
Tergite 9 wider than long with mid-anterior margin concave; sternite 10 broad apically;
cercus broad with wide posterior margin; gonocoxal apodemes nearly parallel; gonostylus
somewhat slender and slightly curved; ejaculatory apodeme somewhat narrow and curved
basally; dorsal plate acute apically; ventral plate short and broad with sclerotized lateralridge rather wide.
Female. Unknown.
Holotype ♂, paratype 1♂, Cebaling, Guangdong, v. 1992, Junhua HE.
Distribution. China (Guangdong).
Remarks. This species is most closely related to maolanus but may be easily separated
from the latter as shown in the key (couplet 18). The paratype differs from the holotype asfollows: body smaller (body length 6.8 mm, wing length 8.1 mm); abdominal tergites 4 7
each with a median brown spot.
Rhagio zhejiangensis C.YANG et D.YANG(Figs. 339 345)
Rhagio zhejiangensis C.YANG et D.YANG, 1989, J. Zhejiang Forest. Coll., 6: 290. Type
locality: Tianmushan Mountain, Zhejiang.
Male and female. Antenna, palpus, thorax, coxa, and abdomen black. Femur and halter
yellow. Parafacial abundantly pale haired. Frons distinctly narrower than (but over 1 2 aswide as) one eye.
Male. Body length 7.3 8.3 mm; wing length 6.6 8.6 mm. Head dark brown to black, andpale gray pollinose; pale haired, but black haired on upper occiput and ocellar tubercle andbare on frons and clypeus; parafacial abundantly pale haired. Antenna dark brown to blackwith chiefly pale hairs. Proboscis brown to dark brown, and chiefly pale haired; palpus darkbrown to black, and chiefly pale haired. Eye with contiguous portion 1.5 times as long as
ocellar triangle. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.4 1.6 times higher than long; widthof one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.1 times distance from antennae to medianocellus, 2.5 2.7 times width of frons just above antenna and 1.0 1.1 times width of face atlowest point from a direct frontal view; width of frons just above antennae 0.4 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.4 times width of face at lowest point from a direct
frontal view and 2.0 2.3 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from ridge below
proboscis to antennae about 0.7 0.8 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus
1.1 1.2 times as wide as long, 2.9 3.2 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line and 0.9
times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus.
Thorax dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose; mesonotum with three wide darker
longitudinal spots, of which median one is divided by a pale line; apical portion ofscutellum dark yellow to yellow. Mesonotum and scutellum black haired; propleuron andYANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

247

Figs. 339 340. Rhagio zhejiangensis C. YANG et D. YANG, female. 339, Wing; 340, abdomen, dorsal view.

anterior portion of metapleuron pale haired. Legs yellow; coxa black and concolorous withpleuron, trochanter blackish; apical portion of fore tibia brown; tarsus brown to dark brown.
Hairs on legs black, but those on coxa pale and on femur largely so. Wing hyaline, but basal
portion and anterior field yellow; apical and posterior margins and veins of apical portion
tinged with brown; stigma very elongate and dark yellow; anal cell closed. Halter yellow.
Abdomen black, and weakly pale gray pollinose. Hairs on abdomen black, but those onside of tergites 1 4 and on sternites 2 4 pale. Male genitalia (Figs. 341 345): Tergite 9
wider than long, with a shallow V-shaped anterior incision and distinctly contracted apex;
sternite 10 with apex somewhat acute; cercus somewhat bending and distinctly narrow
apically; gonocoxal apodemes divergent; gonostylus weakly curved; ejaculatory apodeme
somewhat curved anteriorly, with very acute posterior apex; dorsal plate rounded apically,
ventral plate nearly as long as dorsal plate, with sclerotized lateral ridge very developed andelongate.
Female. Body length 8.3 9.2 mm, wing length 8.7 9.1 mm. Similar to male except asfollows: Frons with very sparse and pale hairs; head 1.3 1.4 times higher than long; widthof one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.0 times distance from antennae to medianocellus, 1.4 1.5 times width of frons just above antenna and 0.7 0.8 times width of face atlowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above antennae 0.7 0.8 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.5 0.6 times width of face at lowest point in direct

248South Pacific Study Vol. 17, No. 2, 1997

Figs. 341 345. Rhagio zhejiangensis C. YANG et D. YANG, male. 341, Tergite 9 and cerci, dorsal view;
342, cercus, dorso-lateral view; 343, tergite 9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 344, genital capsule,dorsal view; 345, genital capsule, ventral view.

frontal view and 1.2 1.3 times width of frons at median ocellus; distance from ridge below
proboscis to antennae about 0.9 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.9
1.0 times as wide as long, 2.6 2.7 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line and 0.8 times
as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus. Abdominal tergites 2 6 with apical margin
brownish yellow. Hairs on abdomen pale.
Specimens examined. Holotype ♂, paratypes 1♂, 3♀♀, Tianmushan Mountains,
Zhejiang, 3 5. v. 1980, Chi-kun YANG and Fasheng LI.
Distribution. China (Zhejiang).
Remarks. This species is similar to separatus, shaanxiensis and stigmosus but may beseparated from them as shown in the key (couplet 36).

YANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

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Genus Symphoromyia FRAUENFELD
Symphoromyia FRAUENFELD, 1867, Verh. zool. -bot. Ges. Wien, 17: 496. Type species:
Atherix melaena MEIGEN, 1820 (by original designation).
Diagnosis. Male eyes holoptic or very narrowly separated. In Chinese species, width offemale frons just above antennae wider than one eye, female frons divergent toward vertex,
face convergent toward antennae in both sexes. Gena below eyes wide. Parafacial bare,clypeus bare or sparsely haired; clypeus strongly convex with long lateral sulcus. Antennal
scape often longer than pedicel; flagellum reniform with a slender subdorsal arista. Palpus
2 segmented. Metapleuron haired on anterior portion. Subscutellum absent. Tibial spurs 0
2 1; hind coxa with a ventral knob. Wing: Rs arising somewhat near humeral crossvein;
R2＋3 ending near R1; R5 ending at wing margin behind wing tip; anal cell narrowly open.
Remarks. The genus Symphoromyia is distributed only in the Holarctic region and contained 33 species of which only 4 species were known from the Palaearctic region. This
genus is recorded for the first time from China. Of the Chinese species now known, 2 seemto be new to science and S. crassicornis is widely distributed in all parts of Europe (excluding Mediterranean area), China and Japan.
Literature: CHVALA (1983); NAGATOMI & KANMIYA (1969); TURNER (1974).
Key to Chinese and Central Asian species of Symphoromyia (based on females)
1.

Scape distinctly longer than wide, and almost wholly covered with hairs; palpal
sgement 2 distinctly longer than segment 1, and less widened (Figs. 348, 354)……………………………………………………………………………………… 2
Scape as long as wide, and with hairs which are absent on ventral and outer surfaces;
palpal segment 2 subequal in length to segment 1 and spatulate (Fig. 351)
incorrupta sp. nov.
2(1). Pedicel distinctly narrower than scape; scape distinctly longer than distance frombase of pedicel to base of arista in outer view ………………………………… 3
Pedicel subequal in width to scape; scape subequal in length to distance from baseof pedicel to base of arista in outer view; Central Asia (Uzbekistan andTadzikistan); (after CHVALA, 1983) ……………………………………… spitzeri
3(2). Palpal segment 1 over 1 2 as long as segment 2; palpus dark brown to black; flagellum brown to dark brown; abdomen heavily pale gray pollinose and not polished;darkened stigma not well demarcated [based on 1♀ from Europe (probably fromEngland)] ……………………………………………………………… crassicornis
Palpal segment 1 short and inconspicuous (less than 1 2 as long as segment 2);
palpus and flagellum reddish yellow (or dark yellow); abdomen weakly pale graypollinose and polished; darkened stigma distinct, narrow and separated from vein
R2＋3 ……………………………………………………………… sinensis sp. nov.

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Symphoromyia crassicornis (PANZER)(Figs. 346 348)
Atherix crassicornis PANZER, 1806, Fauna insect. germ. Fasc., 105: 10. Type locality:"Hartz".
Male. Scape greatly swollen and flagellum narrower than scape. Pedicel much narrower
than flagellum. Scape, ocellar tubercle, vertex, and occiput just behind upper eye margin
with long hairs. Palpus and gena abundantly haired. Palpus log-like, with segment 1 over1 2 as long as segment 2. Clypeus ending far below antennae and mid-upper face flat.
Male. Body length 6.1 7.5 mm, wing length 6.3 6.9 mm. Head dark brown to black, andpale gray pollinose. Hairs on head black, but lower occiput wholly and gena partly palehaired; frons, parafacial and clypeus bare. Antennal scape and pedicel dark brown to blackwith black hairs which are very short on the latter; scape very swollen, longer than wide;
pedicel very small; flagellum dark yellow to brown and bare; arista wholly dark brown.
Proboscis black with chiefly black hairs; labrum shorter than face; palpus black with paleand black hairs. Hairs on head and appendages very long (except those on pedicel andproboscis). Eyes narrowly separated or nearly contiguous. Head (excluding protruded
clypeus) 1.5 1.6 times higher than long; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal
view 1.6 1.7 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 2.1 2.2 times width of frons
just above antenna and 0.7 0.8 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view;Figs. 346 348. Symphoromyia crassicornis (PANZER), male. 346, Wing; 347, antenna; 348, palpus.

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width of frons just above antennae 0.8 1.0 times distance from antennae to median ocellus,
0.4 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view and 4.0 4.7 times width offrons at median ocellus; distance from ridge below proboscis to antennae about 1.4 1.5times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 1.0 1.2 times as wide as long, 1.1 1.2
times as wide as parafacial on a mid line and 0.4 times as wide as face at upper margin ofclypeus.
Thorax dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose. Mesonotum and scutellum long
black haired, but anterior portion of mesonotum with pale hairs; pleuron pale haired. Legs
dark brown to black, coxa concolorous with pleuron; tip of femur yellow. Hairs on legs
black, but coxa and mid femur with pale and black hairs. Wing hyaline; stigma indistinct,
elongate, dark yellowish; veins brownish yellow; anal cell narrowly open. Halter brownish
yellow, knob dark brown to black.
Abdomen dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose. Hairs on abdomen pale but thoseon segments 6 8 and genitalia wholly or partly black; hairs on side of dorsum long.
Female. No Chinese specimen is available.
Specimens examined. 2 ♂ ♂ , Mengyuan, Qinghai, 21. vii. 1990; 5 ♂ ♂ , Guyuan,
Ningxia, 8. viii. 1980, Fasheng LI; 1♂, Guyuan, Ningxia, 18. vii. 1980, Chi-kun YANG; 1♂, Wutaishan Mountain (2,800 m), Shanxi, 24. vii. 1981, Fasheng LI.
Distribution. China (Qinghai, Ningxia, Shanxi). This species is widly distributed in the
Palaearctic region.
Remarks. This species is recorded for the first time from China. It may be distinguishedfrom sinensis as shown in the key (couplet 3).
Symphoromyia incorrupta D.YANG, C.YANG et NAGATOMI sp. nov.
(Figs. 349 351)
Female. Scape about as wide as long, as wide as pedicel, and with dorsal hairs. Palpal
segment 1 subequal in length to segment 2 which is spatulate. Labrum somewhat longer
than face. Clypeus large and extending to antennae. Head, thorax, coxa and abdomen heavily pale gray pollinose.
Female. Body length 5.3 mm, wing length 5.4 mm. Head dark brown to black, pale graypollinose, pale haired, with upper occiput chiefly black haired; clypeus and parafacial bare.
Antenna dark brown to black; scape chiefly pale haired, pedicel black haired; in outer view,
pedicel shorter than but about as wide as scape. Proboscis and palpus dark brown to black;the former black haired and the latter pale haired; in palpus, segment 1 slender and subequalin length to segment 2 which is spatulate. Labrum somewhat longer than face. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.3 times higher than long; width of one eye on a mid line indirect frontal view 1.1 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.8 times width offrons just above antenna and 0.5 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view;
width of frons just above antennae 1.3 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 0.6
times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view and 0.7 times width of frons at

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Figs. 349 351. Symphoromyia incorrupta D. YANG, C. YANG et NAGATOMI sp. nov., female. 349, Wing;
350, antenna; 351, palpus.

median ocellus; width of frons at narrowest point 1.1 times width of one eye on a mid line
in direct frontal view; distance from ridge below proboscis to antennae about 1.4 times thatfrom antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.7 times as wide as long, 2.3 times as wide asparafacial on a mid line and 0.7 times as wide as face just below antennae.
Thorax dark brown to black, pale gray pollinose, pale haired, but bare on pteropleuron.
Mesonotum with three wide darker spots. Legs dark brown to black, coxa concolorous withpleuron. Hairs on legs pale, but tibia and tarsus with black hairs. Wing nearly hyaline, butbasal portion and anterior field tinged with yellow; stigma indistinct, elongate and dark
yellow; veins chiefly brownish black; anal cell narrowly open. Halter yellow with basal
portion brown.
Abdomen dark brown to black, and pale gray pollinose. Hairs on abdomen pale.
Male. Unknown.
Holotype ♀, Menyuan, Qinghai, 15. vii. 1990.
Distribution. China (Qinghai).
Remarks. S. incorrupta (♀) may be easily separated from immaculata (MEIGEN, 1804)(♀) from Europe in the following points: palpal segment 2 widened; frons at narrowest
part distinctly wider than one eye (from a direct frontal view). In immaculata: "Palpi
slender. Frons of female narrower (fig. 112)" (after Oldroyd, 1969: 41); "frons occupying
about a third of the width of the head……"(after Verrall, 1909: 300).
S. incorrupta (♀) is easily separated from crassicornis, sinensis and spitzeri as shownin the key (couplet 1).

YANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

253

Symphoromyia sinensis D.YANG et C.YANG sp. nov.
(Figs. 352 354)
Female. Scape somewhat longer than wide, somewhat narrower than flagellum but distinctly wider than pedicel, and densely covered with black hairs. Palpal segment 1 short andinconspicuous, and segment 2 widest around middle and then tapering apically. Labrum
nearly as long as face. Antenna (except arista) and palpus reddish yellow or dark yellow.
Clypeus ending far below antennae and mid-upper face flat. Thorax, coxa, femur and abdomen weakly pale pollinose and more or less polished.
Female. Body length 6.7 mm, wing length 7.6 mm. Head black, and pale gray pollinose;
black haired, but lower occiput chiefly pale haired; parafacial bare; frons with abundant
black hairs; clypeus sparsely black haired on median portion. Antenna brown or dark yellow
with black hairs; flagellum yellow and bare; arista brown; scape swollen; pedicel small.
Proboscis dark brown to black with pale hairs; palpus dark yellow with segment 1 palehaired and segment 2 chiefly black haired. Palpal segment 1 short and inconspicuous.
Labrum nearly as long as face. Head (excluding protruded clypeus) 1.4 times higher thanlong; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.1 times distance from antennae
to median ocellus, 0.7 times width of frons just above antenna and 0.5 times width of faceat lowest point in direct frontal view; width of frons just above antennae 1.6 times distancefrom antennae to median ocellus, 0.7 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal
view and subequal to width of frons at median ocellus; width of frons at narrowest point 1.3

Figs. 352 354. Symphoromyia sinensis D.YANG et C.YANG, sp. nov., female. 352, Wing; 353, antenna;
354, palpus.

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times width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view; distance from ridge below
proboscis to antennae about 1.5 times that from antennae to median ocellus; clypeus 0.7
times as wide as long, 1.8 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line and 0.6 times as wide
as face at upper margin of clypeus.
Thorax black, and pale gray pollinose; mesonotum with three brown narrow longitudinal
stripes (or with three wide darker stripes). Mesonotum and scutellum black haired, butanterior and anterolateral margins of mesonotum with pale hairs. Pleuron pale haired, butbare on pteropleuron. Legs black, coxa and femur concolorous with pleuron; tip of femur
yellow; tibia brownish; tarsus brown to dark brown. Hairs on legs black, but fore and hindcoxae, and femur (except dorsal part) with pale hairs. Wing nearly hyaline, weakly tinged
with yellow; stigma elongate and dark yellow; veins brown; anal cell narrowly open. Halter
yellow with knob dark brown.
Abdomen black, and pale gray pollinose. Hairs on abdomen black, but tergite 1, tergite
2 (except middle) and sternite 2 with pale hairs.
Male. Unknown.
Holotype ♀, Jone (2,900 m), Gansu, 16. viii. 1980, Chi-kun YANG.
Distribution. China (Gansu).
Remarks. This species is easily separated from crassicornis as shown in the key (couplet
3).

Subfamily SPANIINAE
Genus Litoleptis CHILLCOTT
Litoleptis CHILLCOTT, 1963, Can. Ent., 95: 1186. Type species: Litoleptis alaskensis
CHILLCOTT, 1963, from Alaska (by original designation).
For diagnosis of Litoleptis, see NAGATOMI (1982). We have seen 1♀ (preserved inalcohol) from Yunnan. This is the first record of Litoleptis from China. When more material is available, a description will be given.
Literature: CHILLCOTT (1963).
Litoleptis sp.
No description is given here.
Specimen examined. 1♀, Xiaguan, Yunnan, 14. v. 1981, Chi-kun YANG.
Genus Ptiolina ZETTERSTEDT
Ptiolina

ZETTERSTEDT, 1842,

Dipt.

Scand., 1:226. Typespecies: Leptis

obscuraYANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

255

FALLEN, 1814. By designation of FRAUENFELD, 1867.
Previously only 1 Chinese species was recorded from Taiwan. We have seen anotherspecies (1♀, preserved in alcohol) from Jiangxi but wish to withhold its description until
more material is available.
For generic diagnosis of Ptiolina, see NAGATOMI (1982).
Literature: HARDY & MCGUIRE (1947); LINDNER (1942); NAGATOMI (1985, 1986a,
1986b).
Ptiolina latifrons NAGATOMI
Ptiolina latifrons NAGATOMI, 1986, Kontyu, 54: 312. Type locality: Hokkaido(Upepesanke).
Distribution. Taiwan (Chiayi Hsien) and Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu).
Ptiolina sp.
No description is given here.
Specimen examined. 1 ♀ , Jinggangshan Mountain, Jiangxi, 25. iv. 1978, Chi-kun
YANG.
Distribution. China (Jiangxi).
Genus Spatulina SZILADY
Spatulina SZILADY, 1942, Mitt. munchen ent. Ges., 32: 625. Type species: Spatulina engeli
SZILADY, 1942, from Europe (Czechoslovakia) (by monotypy).
The original description of Spatulina engeli is quoted below.
Durch den wohlentwickelten Sporen der Mittelschienen verbindet sich diese interessante neue
Form mit Omphalophora Beck. Die Gestalt ihrer Fuhler ist aber spatenformig wie bei Ptiolina. Ganz
eigentumlich sind die langen, geraden Endglieder der Taster, welche (beim ♀ [＝correctly ♂])beinahe bis zur Fuhlerwurzel hervorragen.
Die von Herrn Dr. Heinz Fischer am Gehrengrat (bei Dalaas) in den Klostertaler Alpen(Vorarlberg), in einer Hohe von 2,400 m am 26. VII. 1941 gesammelten ♂♂ sind 4,5 mm lang. Fl
ugellange 5 mm.
Die Fliegen sind schwarz, fast uberall fein bereift, nur stellenweise glanzend, mit langen, zottigen
schwarzen Haaren. Die scharf getrennten oberen, gro en Augenfacetten sind rot-braun, die desunteren Augendrittels schwarz. Saumhaare des hinteren Augenrandes sehr lang, nach vorne gebogen,
Die Bereifung des Kopfes ruft am Stirndreieck 2 kleinere, graue Dreiecke und am Gesicht 3 graue L
angsstreifen hervor, die seitlichen sind von den Augen durch einen breiten, schwarzen Saum getrennt.

256South Pacific Study Vol. 17, No. 2, 1997

Fuhlergriffel stark, fast so lang, wie das ovale Endglied des Fuhlers, mittelstandig. Beide
Grundglieder kurz, halb so lang wie breit.
Mittelleib aschgrau bereift; der hellere Rucken tragt 3 fast gleichbreite, mattschwarze La
ngsstreifen, von denen die seitlichen vorne verkurzt sind. Flugel schwarzlich, aus der Diskalzelletreten 3 regelma ig stehende Langsadern hervor. Schwinger und Beine schwarz.
Type in Budapest. Ungar. Nat. Museum.

Spatulina sinensis D.YANG, C.YANG et NAGATOMI sp. nov.
(Figs. 355 360)
The species described below may belong to Spatulina. More comparison is necessary
between engeli (from Czechoslovakia) and sinensis (from China) for determination of thegeneric position of sinensis.
Spatulina, sinensis (♂) may differ from Ptiolina species as follows: Mid-upper face(surrounded by parafacials and clypeus) deeply sunken; occiput above neck strongly con-Figs. 355 356. Spatulina sinensis D. YANG, C. YANG et NAGATOMI sp. nov., male. 355, Head, lateral view;
356, abdomen, lateral view.

YANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

257

cave and upper eye margin Y-shaped; palpus long and extending to antenna; mid tibial
spurs well developed and apparently longer than in Ptiolina.
The head of the examined specimen of sinensis has not been macerated in KOH solution,and the number of segments of the palpus is not clear. It may be 1 segmented. [Flagellum,
mid tarsus and hind femur are broken off in the examined specimen of sinensis].
Male. Body length 7.0 mm, wing length 5.9 mm. Head dark brown to black, pale graypollinose and black haired, but pale pilose on lower occiput and bare on frons and face.
Antenna [flagellum broken off] dark brown to black with some black hairs; scape nearly
as long as pedicel. Proboscis brownish yellow to dark brown, and short whitish pilose;
palpus probably 1 segmented, very long, about as long as face, and black with long black
hairs. Eye with contiguous portion 0.8 times as long as ocellar triangle. Head 1.3 times
higher than long; width of one eye on a mid line in direct frontal view 1.0 times distanceFigs. 357 360. Spatulina sinensis D. YANG, C. YANG et NAGATOMI sp. nov., male. 357, Tergites 9 10 andcerci, dorsal view; 358, tergite 9, sternite 10 and cerci, ventral view; 359, genital capsule, dorsal view;
360, genital capsule, ventral view.

258South Pacific Study Vol. 17, No. 2, 1997

from antennae to median ocellus, 1.0 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal
view, and 2.8 times width of frons just above antenna; width of frons just above antennae
0.4 times distance from antennae to median ocellus, 3.0 times width of frons at medianocellus and 0.4 times width of face at lowest point in direct frontal view; distance fromridge below proboscis to antennae about 1.0 times that from antennae to median ocellus;
clypeus 0.8 times as wide as long, 0.4 times as wide as face at upper margin of clypeus, and1.3 times as wide as parafacial on a mid line.
Thorax black and pale gray pollinose; [hairs on thorax rubbed off]; mesonotum with 3
wide darker longitudinal spots, of which median one is divided by a mid line. Metapleuron
with some long yellow hairs on posterior part. Legs [mid tarsus and hind legs except coxa
and trochanter broken off] dark brown to black and pale gray pollinose, but fore and midtibiae pale brownish yellow with apical portion darker; hairs on legs chiefly pale, coxa withlong and chiefly pale hairs, femur ventrally with long black hairs. Wing pale gray withbrown stigma; R2＋3 curved forward and ending near R1; R5 ending at wing margin behind wing tip. Halter stem yellow, knob dark brown.
Abdomen dark brown, and pale gray pollinose; dorsum with basal portion of tergites 2
5 darker; hairs on abdomen whitish. Male genitalia (Figs. 357 360): Tergite 9 wider thanlong, slightly concave on anterior margin; tergite 10 narrow and sternite 10 rather broadwith median portion membranous; cercus large with apical portion somewhat acute;
gonocoxites large and long with fused ventral portion partly somewhat membranous;
gonostylus distinctly curved with wide apex; gonocoxal apodemes slender and nearly parallel; ejaculatory apodeme curved posteriorly.
Female. Unknown.
Holotype ♂, Shiquan, shaanxi, 25. iv. 1980, Longchen XIANG and Ning MA.
Distribution. China (Shaanxi).
Remarks. If this species is not a true member of Spatulina, it would belong to a new
genus.

Acknowledgments
We are much indebted to Mr. Fasheng LI (China Agricultural University, Beijing), Prof.
Io CHOU (Northwest Agricultural University, Shaanxi), Dr. Carlo Leonardi (Museo Civico
di Storia Naturale, Milano), Dr. K. KUSIGEMATI (Kagoshima University, Kagoshima) for
their help in many ways. This research is supported partly by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China. Sincere thanks are also expressed to Mr. K. G. V. SMITH, London(Editor in Chief, Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine) for critical reading of the manuscript.

YANG et al : Rhagionidae of China

259

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