L ear ning / L anguages

Language Transition
Watch the Video
Many English words are fromGerman. They have a lot ofthings in common. Let’s see
what they are!

Read the Article
1)

Guten Tag. I’m Jeff Wallenfeldt, and I love languages. I’m excited to share with you a

bit about the German language, the language that has more ties to English than you might
think. German, called Deutsch in Deutschland, is the official language of both Germanyand Austria. It’s also one of the official languages of Switzerland.
2)

If you’re interested in German, I have some good news for you. You may already knoweven more German than you thought. German and English are part of the same familytree. Both are Germanic languages, specifically West Germanic languages, along withFrisian, Dutch, Afrikaans, and Yiddish.
3)

As in many languages, words have been borrowed from German to English and viceversa. Here are some everyday words in English that have come from German. Angst,

a feeling of anxiety, apprehension, and insecurity often associated with teenagers comesfrom German. We can mostly thank psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud for this one.
4)

Kindergarten, the first grade for many American schoolchildren.

That word alsocomes from Germany, and that’s why it has a T where most of us want to use a D. Quirkof American English pronunciation we won’t get into. Delicatessen, ready-to-eat foodproducts and the stores that sell them. Delicatessen comes to English from German by
way of French from Latin in that delightful centuries-long game of telephone ― that

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connects so many languages. Think about this ― even the currency that you spend at thedelicatessen ― the dollar ― comes from German. The Thaler was a large silver coin usedin Northern Germany as well as in Denmark and Sweden.
5)

So next time you’re spending your dollars with kindergarten angst at the delicatessen,

remember the German language and its varied gifts to English. If you’re an aspiring

student of German, you’ve already got a leg up.
Know about the German language and words borrowed from German to English and vice versa. video. Britannica School.

Gut en Tag ：（ ドイツ語で） こんにちは

psychoa na lyst ： 精神分析医

D eut sch la nd ：（ ドイツ語で） ドイツ

ga me of t elephone ： 伝言ゲーム

D eut sch ：（ ドイツ語で） ドイツ語
vic e ver sa ： 逆もまたしかり

qu i rk ： 癖Log in to Britannica School and search the keywords below for further information.

West Germanic languages

E n gl ish l an guage

dial ectWatch the Video

Mabu ngurragardiny!

Good morning!

Ngaji mingan? singular
Ngaji gurrjin? plural

How are you?

GaliyaGoodbye

TALK THE TALK

https://talkthetalkpodcast.com/295-yawuru/

Learn about the effort topreserve Australia’s Aboriginal
language, especially the Yawuru Yawuru Language

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Check Your Comprehension
1 How many countries are listed in the article that have German as theirQa. 2official language?
b. 3c. 4（）

（）

d. 5

2 What is the relationship between German and English?

Q

a. German and English are completely unrelated languages.
b. German and English are both Romance languages.
c. German and English are both West Germanic languages.
d. German and English are both East Germanic languages.

3 What does the speaker thank psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud for?

Q（）

a. For developing the German language.
b. For introducing the concept of delicatessen to English speakers.
c. For founding the field of psychoanalysis.
d. For popularizing the word angst in English.

4 Fill in the blanks so that the following passage will explain correctly how

Q

the word “delicatessen” became an English word.

The word delicatessen, which means ready-to-eat food products and the stores that sell them,is now used as an English word. However, it actually came to English via several languages after
a centuries-long game of telephone. Originally, it came from（）. Fromthere, it went to（）, then to（）, and finally toEnglish.

5 The last phrase in the passage, “you’ve already got a leg up” suggests

Q

that you already have an advantage over others.
speakers have an advantage in learning German?

Why do English（）

a. Because English is a more advanced language than German.
b. Because German and English share many similarities.
c. Because it is difficult to learn German without prior knowledge of English.
d. Because German is a more widely spoken language than English.

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Social dimensions
Language is probably the most importantin the speech of the higher than in that of thehuman societies and cultures. It is largely by

the United States and in most of the other

instrument of socialization that exists in allmeans of language that one generation passes

on to the next its myths, laws, customs, andbeliefs, and it is largely by means of languagethat the child comes to appreciate the structureof the society into which he is born and his
own place in that society.

As a social force, language serves both tostrengthen the links that bind the membersof the same group and to differentiate thelower socioeconomic classes. In Britain andEnglish-speaking countries, people will almost
always use the same dialect, regional or social,

however formal or informal the situation andregardless of whether their listeners speak
the same dialect or not.

(Relatively minor

adjustments of vocabulary may, however, bemade: an Englishman speaking to an American

may employ the word elevator rather thanlift

and so on.) In many communities

members of one group from those of another.

throughout the world, it is common forwell as regional dialects, so that it is possible

dialects and to use one dialect rather thanIn many countries there are social dialects as
to tell from a person’s speech not only where

he comes from but what class he belongsto.

In some instances social dialects cantranscend regional dialects.

This is notable

in England, where standard English in the socalled Received Pronunciation (RP) can beheard from members of the upper class andupper middle class in all parts of the country.

The example of England is but an extreme

manifestation of a tendency that is found in
all countries: there is less regional variation

members to speak two or more different
another in particular social situations.

This

is commonly referred to as code-switching.

Code-switching may operate between two
distinct languages (e.g., Spanish and English
among Puerto Ricans in New York) as well as

between two dialects of the same language.
The term diglossia (rather than bilingualism)

is frequently used by sociolinguists to referto this by no means uncommon
phenomenon.

“Linguistics.” Britannica School.

What do you think is the role of dialects? What is the appropriate situation to use dialects in orwhat is not? Think about these questions and share your opinion with your friends.

Lesson 1

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Do you think local dialects and accents should be preserved?

reasons to support your opinion.
words.

Give two specificWrite your answer in English in about 100（信州大学）

Brainstorming
A 方言やなまりは保護されるべきかという意見について，賛成，反対，それぞれの意見を書き出してみよう。

賛成

反対

B 問いに対して自分の立場を決め，その立場を支持する主張を２つ選び，それぞれについて具体例を書き出そう。

あなたの立場 ： 方言やなまりは保護されるべきであると 思う / 思わない
その立場で主張すること（少なくとも２つ）
主張①：①の具体例：

主張②：②の具体例：

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パラグラフライティングの型に沿って，文章を完成させよう。

Topic sentence

Body

Concluding sentence□ 賛成か反対か，自分の書きたい立場を明確にできているか？
□ 第三者が読んだとき，自分の書きたい立場の主張であるとわかる内容か？
□ 具体例は主張内容の補足説明になっているか？

Task 1 で考えた文章をまとめて，スマコレで提出しよう。
スマコレの添削結果とコメントを確認し，リライトした英文をスマコレサイトに入力しよう。

Lesson 1

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