1st Joint Student Seminar
between
The University of Tokyo, Japan
andUniversity of Dhaka, Bangladesh
August 3rd and 4th, 2022
ONLINE

The 1st Joint Student Seminar
between
The University of Tokyo
And
University of Dhaka
3-4 August 2022
Co-Organized by
One Health One World (OHOW),
Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan&
Dept. of Disaster Science and Climate Resilience,
Dhaka University, Bangladesh
Supported by Takeuchi laboratory

Organizing Members
Prof. Dr. A.S.M. Maksud Kamal (Dhaka Univ., Bangladesh)
Prof. Wataru Takeuchi (IIS, UTokyo, Japan)
Prof. Dr. Md. Iqbal Kabir (CCHPU, Dhaka Univ., Bangladesh)
Prof. Masahiro Hashizume (SIH, UTokyo, Japan)

PREFACE
In the context of urban safety and environmental management, the concept “One Health,
One World (OHOW)” has been recognized as a comprehensive science to manage disease
outbreaks related to animals. To protect human health, animal lives and ecosystems,
interdisciplinary research preventing infectious diseases is essential. Against thisbackdrop, the One Health, One World (OHOW) Collaboration Research Organization of
the University of Tokyo collaborated with the University of Dhaka to arrange the 1st Joint
Student Seminar on “One Health, One World”. Lectures by invited professors and posters
by students on disaster and infectious disease, transportation and human mobility,
structural and geotechnical engineering for human safety, environment and ecology,
climate change, public health issues, and green recovery, remote sensing and GIS, etc.
were presented at the seminar to share research information and promote friendshipbetween the two universities as well as improve presentation skills of the students. The
special lectures featured public health that illustrated climate change and infectious
diseases in Bangladesh. These lectures mapped climate change-induced public-healthhazards in Bangladesh and the role of the University of Dhaka in reducing thevulnerability of the at-risk community, and climate-resilient health system. There wereseveral presentations on monitoring ecosystems, the impact of climate change on vectorborne diseases like dengue fever while public health-related researches in Bangladesh
like – assessing the community’s willingness to pay for improved public healthcare
facilities in the hazard-prone coastal areas, effects on the health of the ultra-poor and poor
community in the aftermath of floods, nexus between disaster and infectious diseases, etc.
were on the focus of the seminar. The critical analysis of the financial efficacy of tiger
conservation projects in Bangladesh addressed the need for making the animal healthsituation transparent which requires a sound legislative basis for national investments inthis regard. I sincerely appreciate and would like to thank OHOW, the University ofTokyo for collaborating and cooperation with the University of Dhaka in arranging thisseminar, and the invited lecturers and student presenters for sharing their valuable andinformative findings with us. The Department of Disaster Science and Climate Resilience(DSCR) was the focal point of the seminar from the University of Dhaka. This seminar
was the first step toward forming a new academic research base studying human andanimal health and their surrounding environment as a single field for both universities. I
hope it will encourage advanced research on OHOW and other relevant fields to predict
and respond to probable future dynamic risks faced by humans, animals, and theecosystems around them.

Dr. A.S. M. Maksud Kamal
Professor, Department of Disaster Science and Climate Resilience (DSCR) &Pro Vice-Chancellor, University of Dhaka

PREFACE
It is our great pleasure to announce that One Health One World Initiative (OHOW) held
the 1st Joint Student Seminar in webinar form on August 3 (Wed) and 4 (Thu), 2022 as
the first collaboration with the University of Dhaka. We are thankful for Prof. Masahiro
Hashizume (International Health), Graduate School of Medicine, Prof. Dr. Iqbal Kabir(Epidemiology and Climate Change), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW),
Bangladesh, Associate Professor Go Minami (Supramolecular Materials Design) and Prof.
Dr. ASM Maksud Kamal (Disaster Management), University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, gave
invited lectures.
There were a total of 34 presentations by students: 26 from Bangladesh, mainly from
Dhaka University and North South University, a leading private university in Bangladesh;
2 from India; and 6 from Japan. Of the 34 presentations, 21 were by female students,
which was impressive. Despite the short presentation time of only 8 minutes, they all
made excellent presentations that could be easily understood by the audience from otherfields.
Specifically, the presentations included an assessment of the impact of climate change
on Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), a research study on conflicts between humans
and wildlife such as Bengal tigers, an analysis of the relationship between worsening air
pollution from traffic and construction sources and health hazards in Dhaka City, ananalysis of the material flow and the impact of climate change on EV vehicles, and astudy on the impact of climate change on the environment and the environment on thedevelopment of EV vehicles. Study on Material Flow and Life Cycle Assessment for EVs,
Measurement of Mangrove and Sea Level Change in the Bay of Bengal Using Satellite
Remote Sensing, Monitoring of Marine Pollution in the Brahmaputra River and Bay of
Bengal by Plastic Waste, Analysis of Relationship between Climate Change and Mental
Illness in Japan, Microbiome and Genome in River Sediments, and Microbiome andgenome analysis in sediments, studies on the historical evolution of ecosystemconservation and ecosystem services in Bangladesh, and methods for assessing the healthof buried structures using ground penetrating radar (GPR) in Japan were among the topics
discussed.
In addition to understanding the various risks that society faces from humans, animals,
and the global environment covered by One Health One World, meaningful discussions
were held to develop related academic fields in a comprehensive and coordinated mannerin order to respond to these issues.
Professor, Institute of Industrial Science
Director general, One Health and One World Initiative
The University of Tokyo, Japan
Wataru TAKEUCHICONTENTS
・Program・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・Special lecture・・・・・・・・・・・・・・Students Presentation・・・・・・・・・・・Appendix・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・
・Photos・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・
・IIS NEWS LETTER・・・・・・・・・・

The 1st Joint Student Seminar between Univ. of Tokyo
and Univ. of Dhaka on August 3-4, 2022
ZOOM

DAY1
Time
Bangladesh
upperJapan lower

3rd August 2022
14:00-14:05
Opening
17:00-17:05
ceremonySpecial
14:05-14:35
Lecture17:05-17:35
1

14:35-14:43
17:35-17:43

2

14:43-14:51
17:43-17:51

3

14:51-14:59
17:51-17:59

4

14:59-15:07
17:59-18:07

5

15:07-15:15
18:07-18:15

6

15:15-15:23
18:15-18:23

7

15:23-15:31
18:23-18:31

8

15:31-15:39
18:31-18:39

BREAK

15:39-15:50
18:39-18:50
15:50-16:20
18:50-19:20

Speciallecture9

16:20-16:28
19:20-19:28

10

16:28-16:36
19:28-19:36

11

16:36-16:44
19:36-19:44

nameaffiliation

title

Chairman: Prof. Dr. A S M Maksud Kamal, University of Dhaka, Prof. Wataru Takeuchi, The
University of Tokyo-Climate, climate change and infectious diseases in BangladeshProf. Masahiro Hashizume, MD Ph.D. Department of Global Health Policy Graduate
School of Medicine, UTokyo
Quazi Nazmus Sakib
Univ. of Dhaka
Impact of climate change on dengue: A systematic
review
Ibrahim Abdullah
North South Univ. A critical analysis of financial efficacy on tiger
Mannanconservation projects in Bangladesh
Sabera Sultana
UTokyoAssociations between lifestyle behaviors and diabetes
in South Asian countries
Rubina Karki
BRAC Univ,
Community perception about climate change:
Investigating experiences of Himalayan communities
involved in the tourism industry
Humayra Rahman
North South Univ. Chemistry and source of ions and metals in fineparticulate matters over Dhaka City: A Preliminary
study
Nipa Jahan
North South Univ. The prospects of urban mining to achieve a circular
economy in Bangladesh
Maliha Islam Proma
North South Univ. Understanding the recycling and management processof end-of-life passenger vehicles in Dholaikhal,
Bangladesh: A material flow perspective
Md. Habibur Rahman
Univ. of Dhaka
Satellite-based time series analysis of sea level in the
Habib
Bay of Bengal from 1871 to 2010 for climate
applications
Break
Climate resilient health system: post pandemic challenges and opportunities for publichealthProf (Dr) Iqbal Kabir, Prof of Epidemiology, Climate Change and health promotion unit,
MoHFW
Tasnim Jabin Jui
Univ. of Dhaka
Assessment of community’s willingness to pay (WTP)
for improved public healthcare facilities in the coastal
hazard-prone areas of Bangladesh
Sara Binte RashidNorth South Univ. Sources and contribution of water solublecompositions on the formation of secondary inorganic
aerosol over Dhaka city.
Ummay Ayesha Mim
North South Univ. Diurnal variations and Respiratory Deposition Dose

12

16:44-16:52
19:44-19:52

13

16:52-17:00
19:52-20:00

14

17:00-17:08
20:00-20:08

15

17:16-17:24
20:16-20:24

Comments/
Closing

17:24-17:35
20:24-20:35

flux of aerosol and reactive gases over Dhaka City
Ambient temperature and nervous system disease
UTokyomortality in Japan from 2010 to 2019: A timestratified case-crossover analysis
Israt Nur Jannatul
North South Univ. Receptor modelling and human Respiratory
Raim
Deposition Dose in Dhaka City.
Mashrur Hafiz Turjo
North South Univ. Unraveling the global flow of single-use plastic
packaging
Nayeema Talukder
Univ. of Dhaka
Microbiome profiling and functional analysis of the
Ema
Buriganga River sediment in Dhaka, Bangladesh,using whole-genome metagenomics
Chairman: Prof. Dr. A S M Maksud Kamal, University of Dhaka, Prof. Wataru Takeuchi,
The University of Tokyo
Lin Szu Yu

DAY 2
Time
Bangladesh
upperJapan lower

4th August 2022
14:00-14:05
Opening
17:00-17:05
SpecialLecture1

14:05-14:35
17:05-17:35
14:35-14:43
17:35-17:43

2

14:43-14:51
17:43-17:51

3

14:51-14:59
17:51-17:59

4

14:59-15:07
17:59-18:07

5

15:07-15:15
18:07-18:15

6

15:15-15:23
18:15-18:23

7

15:23-15:31
18:23-18:31

8

15:31-15:39
18:31-18:39

nameaffiliation

title

Chairman: Prof. Dr. A S M Maksud Kamal, University of Dhaka, Prof. Wataru Takeuchi, The
University of Tokyo
Toward the realization of chemical sensors that can be used by anyone, anywhere
Associate Prof. Tsuyoshi Minami, PhD, Institute of Industrial Science, UTokyo
Adrita Choudhury
North South Univ. Historical analysis of selected ecosystem functions inTithi
the co-managed forest protected areas and bio-diverse
non-co-managed forest areas of Bangladesh using
MODIS remotely sensed data
Feifan Huang
Spatio-temporal changes of ambient NO2 during
UTokyoCOVID-19 lockdowns in China
Md. Shahoriar Sarker
Univ. of Dhaka
Time series horizontal surface displacement andseismicity scenario in and around Sagaing fault for thelast 20 years
So Fumiyama
UTokyoEstimation of nighttime light distribution in an urban
area for urban environmental assessment
Univ. of Dhaka
Aishia Fyruz Aishi
Time-series analysis of landcover dynamics and theirrelation with coastline migration along Kuakata coast,
Bangladesh using remote sensing techniques
UTokyoShunsuke Iwai
Highly accurate real-time estimation of void thickness
inside concrete by spectral analysis pattern matchingof GPR signal
Univ. of Dhaka
Anika Samm-A
Earthquake and rainfall induced landslide hazard
assessment of Kutupalong Rohingya Camp using
meteorological and geological Information
UTokyoShuto Yotsumoto
Estimation of subsurface pipes using 3D radar images

9

15:39-15:47
18:39-18:47

Break

15:47-16:00
18:47-19:00
16:00-16:30
19:00-19:30

SpeciallectureNaharin Zannat

Univ. of Dhaka

Ambient seismic noise levels in the Bengal Basin,
Bangladesh

Break
Climate changes induced public-health hazard mapping in Bangladesh and role of the
University of Dhaka in reducing the vulnerability

10

16:30-16:38
19:30-19:38

11

16:38-16:46
19:38-19:46

12

16:46-16:54
19:46-19:54

13

16:54-17:02
19:54-20:02

14

17:02-17:10
20:02-20:10

15

17:10-17:18
20:10-20:18

16

17:18-17:26
20:18-20:26

17

17:26-17:34
20:26-20:34

18

17:34-17:42
20:34-20:42

19

17:42-17:50
20:42-20:50

Comments/
Closing

17:50-18:00
20:50-21:00

Professor Dr. A S M Maksud Kamal, Dhaka University
Lamia Mahzabin
North South Univ. Hazard index and potential cancer risk of heavy
metals in the groundwater of Bangladesh
Md. Shahriar Kabir
Exploration of gut microbiome in irritable bowel
Univ. of Dhaka
Shakilsyndrome patients in Bangladesh using whole genome
metagenomic analysis
Shirajum Munira
The aftermath of the flood crisis on the ultra-poor andUniv. of Dhaka
Dewanpoor community of Bangladesh: Effects on health,nutrition and economy of the disaster affected
population
Ayesha Ershad
North South Univ. Qualitative assessment on earthquake preparedness
among academics, ministries and private institutions
Md. Anwer Hossain
Univ. of Dhaka
Riverbank erosion and local adaptation: the context ofchar areas in Bangladesh
Tisha Chakma
Univ. of Dhaka
Nexus between disaster and infectious diseases:
Experience from recent flood in Bangladesh
Ravindra Kumar
CSJM Univ.,
Utilities of smart cities services for blinds persons inKushwaha
Kanpur (INDIA)
India: The educational perspectives
Tasnim Binte Masud
North South Univ. Territorial agglomeration in Dholaikhal: A material
flow analysis perspective
Whole genome analysis of multidrug-resistant
Spencer Mark Mondol
Univ. of Dhaka
Providencia stuartii isolated from burn patients: The
emergence of blaNDM-1 conferring complete
resistance to carbapenems
Cooachbehar
A Study of ecological biodiversity in Dudhia of
Rubinur Choudhury
Panchanan Barma
Darjeeling district, West Bengal
Univ.
Chairman: Prof. Dr. A S M Maksud Kamal, University of Dhaka, Prof. Wataru Takeuchi,
The University of Tokyo

SPECIAL LECTURE

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STUDENTS PRESENTATIONSIMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON DENGUE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Q. N. SAKIB1, M. I. HASSAN1, A. S. MOITREE1, N. J. MARIN2 and M. S. HASAN1
1

MSS Student, Institute of Health Economics University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

2

BSS Student, Institute of Health Economics University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Correspond to Q.N.SAKIB (q.n.sakib@gmail.com)

Key Words: Climate change, dengue transmission, projection, meteorological factors.
1. BACKGROUND
The number of dengue cases reported worldwide haveincreased more than 8 folds over the last two decades.
A number of climatic factors have potentiallycontributed in raising the global dengue incidence.
This study aims to review the ecology andenvironmental impact on dengue transmission, its
global variability and tries to provide future projectionof Dengue globally.
2. METHODOLOGYThis study reviewed peer-reviewed journal articles
which assessed the effect of climate change on dengue
transmission. A systematic search was conductedusing electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar
and ScienceDirect. The studies considered were
published from February 2011 to May 2022 andwritten in English. A total of 29 out of 35 articles werereviewed.

fever found significant positive relationship amongtemperature (up to a certain threshold), dengue
transmission rate and the size of the area prone to a
dengue epidemic.
Table: Country-wise climatic effect on dengue.
Country
Malaysia
China
MexicoBangladesh

Impact on dengue
An increasing risk of dengue
outbreak in future.
Number of days per year suitable fordengue transmission will increase by
20 days in 2080.
40% increase in dengue incidence by
2080.
40-fold increase in dengue cases by
the end of 21st century with anassumed increase in temperature of
3.3°C.

4. CONCLUSION

Figure: Dengue patients in a hospital ward.
3. FINDINGS
Most of the selected studies showed that multiple
meteorological factors including temperature,humidity, wind velocity, precipitation and rainfall
influence dengue transmission, geographical region atrisk and seasonal time window for dengue epidemic.
Rainfall and temperature are the major factors that
increase the exposure of dengue by raising the birthrate of Aedes vector mosquitoes. As temperature is
expected to rise further in future due to climate change,
dengue incidence will rapidly increase, with theincrease in vector capacity (VC), the vector’s ability to
spread the disease. Overall, majority of the projections
regarding the effect of global warming on dengue

This review suggests that the transmission of dengue
is dependent on temperature, humidity, wind speed
and direction (speed, height), air density, precipitation
and barometric pressure which impacts the timing andmagnitude of dengue transmission. Dengue incidence
rapidly increases due to the increase in rainfall andtemperature. Lastly, the results support impact ofclimate change as main risk factor for dengue
outbreak.
REFERENCES[1]. Naish, S., Dale, P., Mackenzie, J. S., McBride, J.,
Mengersen, K., & Tong, S. 14(1) (2014) 1-14.
[2]. Hii, Y. L., Zaki, R. A., Aghamohammadi, N., &Rocklöv, J. 3(1) (2016) 81-90.
[3]. Li, C., Lu, Y., Liu, J., & Wu, X. 622 (2018) 493501.
[4]. Williams, C. R., Mincham, G., Faddy, H.,
Viennet, E., Ritchie, S. A., & Harley, D. 144(14)(2016) 3091-3100.
[5]. Banu, S., Hu, W., Guo, Y., Hurst, C., & Tong, S.
63 (2014) 137-142.

A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL EFFICACY ON TIGER CONSERVATION PROJECTSIN BANGLADESH
I. Mannan1, M. Sujauddin2, and M.S.I. Sohel3
Student, Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh,
Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Dhaka,Bangladesh,
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Dhaka,Bangladesh,
Correspond to I. Mannan (ibrahim.abdullah1@northsouth.edu)

1

2

Keywords: Tiger conservation; conservation finance; budget allocation; tiger population; Bengal tiger.
INTRODUCTION:
Bangladesh as one of the TRCs failed to increase the tiger
population despite investing much funds. Critical reviewof the funded projects' outcomes compared to India and
Nepal.
METHODOLOGY:
Six specific tiger conservation projects implemented in
Bangladesh, India and Nepal were selected to analyze
Allocated fund distributions were segmented into fivegroups:▪ Capacity Building▪ Planning Policy and Reports▪ Infrastructural Development,▪ Tiger-Human Conflict (THC)
reduction▪ Direct Initiatives

Figure 1. Graphical Representation of the projects’
analyzed in Bangladesh.

RESULTS:In results, India and Nepal spent respectively 48.84% &46.20% of their budget on on-field activities and less onplanning purposes.
India and Nepal also developed a sustainable funding
mechanism to reduce their dependency on donor agencies.
Table 1. Comparison of funding allocation and tiger
population among India, Nepal, and Bangladesh
India
Nepal
Bangladesh
Parameters(2011(2016(2018-2027)
2022)
2020)
Total Estimated
2,119,8
3,290,
11,450,000
Budget (USD)
40,000000
Capacity Building 1.99
35.95
22.57
(%)
Tiger-Human
48.01
8.95
Conflict (%)
Policy and Report
17.85
40.08
Planning (%)
Direct Initiatives
48.84
46.20
4.28
(%)
Infrastructure (%) 1.16
Lump
0.00
sump
Unallocated (%)
0.00
0.00
24.12
Current Estimated 2967
235
114
Tiger Population

Figure 2. A summary of tiger population in Bangladesh
1992 – 2018
In contrast, Bangladesh spent the majority of their fundon planning purposes (40.08%) and from 2012 to 2018
The population dropped from 199 to 114. Bangladesh also
has major lack of funding and, due to not having financial
planning.
CONCLUSION:
It is recommended that Bangladesh needs to develop asustainable long-term funding mechanism for tiger
protection. Collaborating financially with different
governmental bodies can establish a new monetary
reserve for tiger conservation. In the future tiger
conservation initiatives in Bangladesh should address
more on-field direct action. The series of actions taken
will execute the plans and enhance the effectivenessresulting in increased tiger population and an appropriate
habitat for the species.

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$[ÿ\:]^ÿ_PSXY`GHIJ1 J3ÿ7ÿJKLMASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN LIFESTYLE BEHAVIORS AND DIABETESIN SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIESS. SULTANA1, M.M. RAHMAN2, M. HASHIZUME3PhD Candidate, Global Health Policy, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,
Assistant Professor, Hitotsubashi Institute for Advanced Study, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan
3
Professor, Global Health Policy, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,
Correspond to S. SULTANA (suravi.here@gmail.com)
1

2

BACKGROUNDSouth Asian people are at a higher risk of developing
diabetes at an earlier age and a lower body mass index.
However, responses to lifestyle behaviors in relation todeveloping diabetes among the South Asian population
have been studied less.
OBJECTIVES
To examine the associations between lifestyle (LS)behaviors and diabetes among South Asian countries.
This will help us to understand the influence of multiple
LS risk factors on diabetes when they are present
simultaneously.
METHODSMy study population is World Bank South Asian
countries including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri
Lanka and Bhutan. But here I used only Afghanistan
dataset for primary demonstration of my objectives. I
used the 2018 WHO STEP survey data. This is ahousehold-level cross-sectional survey. Participants were
18-69 years old. Pregnant women were excluded fromthis study. The analysis sample size was 3302. The
outcome variable of my study was diabetes defined by
WHO as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 126 mg/dl [1].
Exposure variables were LS risk factors including fruitand vegetable intake (5 servings/ day), intake ofprocessed food that are high in salt, eating out habit,
physical inactivity (< 75 minutes of vigorous activity/week) [2], daily sitting time (< 10 hours), use of tobaccoand alcohol. Modified Poisson regression was used to
produce the risk ratios (RR) with 95% (CI). The results
were adjusted for age, sex, education, place of residence(urban/ rural), abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥94 cm for men and ≥ 80 cm for women) and hypertension(systolic ≥ 140 mm Hg and diastolic ≥ 90 mm Hg) status[3].
RESULTS
13.6% of Afghan adults had diabetes. The prevalence ofdiabetes among the adult population under the age of 40
years old was 9% whereas the prevalence was around
19% among the population with the age 40 years orabove. The distribution of LS risk factors is shown infigure 1.

Insufficient fruit & veg intake

99

Processed food intake

57

Long sedentary time

36

Eating outside

34

Tobaco use

33

Physical inactivity

25

Alcohol use

0.5

Figure 1: Prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors
among Afghan adults.
In the unadjusted model, alcohol use [RR 2.98 (95% CI
1.66-5.36)], physical inactivity [RR 1.66 (95% CI 1.41.97)], tobacco use [RR 1.27 (95%CI 1.06-1.51)] andlong sedentary time [RR 1.33 (95% CI 1.07-1.65)] werepositively associated with the risk of diabetes.
In the adjusted model, use of alcohol [RR 2.17 (95% CI
1.09-4.32)], physical inactivity [RR 1.45 (95% CI 1.251.84)] and eating out habits [RR 1.37 (95% CI 1.141.66)] were found to increase the risk of diabetes.
However, the use of tobacco also showed a positive
association [RR 1.13 (95% CI 0.92-1.39)] although it was
not significant.
CONCLUSION
Among the selected lifestyle behaviors, use of alcohol,
physical inactivity, and eating out habits were positively
associated with the risk of diabetes among Afghan adults.
REFERENCES[1] American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis andclassification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care
2014;37(Suppl. 1):S81–S90.
[2] Global action plan on physical activity 2018–2030:
more active people for a healthier world. Geneva: World
Health Organization; 2018.
[3] Fang H, Berg E, Cheng X, Shen W. How to best
assess abdominal obesity. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab
Care. 2018 Sep;21(5):360-365.

COMMUNITY PERCEPTION ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE: INVESTIGATING
EXPERIENCES OF HIMALAYAN COMMUNITIES INVOLVED IN THE TOURISM
INDUSTRY
R. KARKI1, I. CHOWDHOOREE2
Student, Post Graduate Programs in Disaster Management, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh,
Assistant Director, Post Graduate Programs in Disaster Management, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh,
Correspond to Rubina Karki (rubina.karki.nepali@gmail.com)

1
2

Keywords: Climate change, Tourism, Himalayan region, Manang, Nepal
INTRODUCTION
There occurs a close relationship between tourism
and climate, where the former is highly dependent on
the latter [1]. Local perspectives play a crucial role in
improving our understanding of climate change by
refocusing attention on empirical studies that
contemporary science frequently overlooks [2]. The
present research assesses the perception of the local
people regarding their understanding and impacts ofclimate change on their tourism-dependent
livelihood in villages in the Himalayan district,
Manang, of Nepal. This exploratory case study
employs a content analytic technique to investigate
data obtained from focus group discussions (FGDs),
semi-structured interviews, and questionnaire
surveys in 17 settlements in the Manang district. A
total of 107 respondents were involved in the study.
The research was done in 2021.
FINDINGS
The local people perceived the climate in theirvillages has been changing with perceived increased
summer and winter temperature, decreased snowfall
and snow coverage, and reduced or erratic rainfall.
These changes are perceived to positively influence
the tourism economy. They also believe that indirect
influences such as better hotel facilities, roadtransportation, and repaired trekking trails in recent
years may have had a positive impact on tourismdependent
livelihood.
The
research
recommends taking actions where perceptions of
future impacts of climate change are evident.

Figure 1. Map of Study Area

Figure 2. Data Collected
CONCLUSION
The local people perceived that the climate in theirvillages has been changing with perceived increased
summer and winter temperature, decreased snowfall andsnow coverage, and reduced or erratic rainfall. Thesechanges are perceived to positively influence thetourism economy. The research recommends taking
actions where perceptions of future impacts of climatechange are evident.
REFERENCES[1] A. K.C. Climate Change and its Impact on Tourism
in Nepal. J,H.T. (2017) 25-43.
[2] I. Chowdhooree, K.K. Das. Indigenous Knowledgeof Mud Architecture. I.J.D.R. (2021).

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CHEMISTRY AND SOURCE OF IONS AND METALS IN FINE PARTICULATE MATTERS OVERDHAKA CITY: A PRELIMANARY STUDY
H. RAHMAN1, K.F. BISWAS2, M.F. KHAN3, Z.T. JAWAA4, M. MONIRUZZAMAN5, and M.N. HUDA6
Undergraduate Student, Environment Science and Management, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Professor, Environment Science and Management, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
3
Associate Professor, Environment Science and Management, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
4
Undergraduate Student, Environment Science and Management, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
5
Principal Scientific Officer, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh
6
Senior Scientist, Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Corresponding to Prof. K.F. BISWAS (biswas.farhana@northsouth.edu)
1
2

Keywords: ions, metals, IC, ICP-MS, aerosol, sources, PM2.5

2. OBJECTIVE
To characterize the sources of fine particulate mattersover Dhaka city, focusing on the concentration of ions andmetals of PM2.5.
3. METHODS
PM2.5 samples were collected on a cellulose filter paperusing a low volume air sampler on a 24 h basis for 10 daysat the rooftop of the North South University. For the
analysis of ions, the filters were ultrasonically extracted.
After filtration, the extracted samples were analyzed forfive cations (Na+, K+, NH4+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) andanions (F-, Br-, NO2-, NO3- and SO42-) using an ion
chromatograph. For the analysis of metals, the filters wereextracted in 10 ml of ultrapure nitric acid and hydrogen
peroxide mixtures for 40 minutes using a microwave
digestion system. After filtration, the extracted samples
were analyzed for 12 metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb,
Zn, Mn, Fe, Se, and V) using an inductively coupledplasma mass spectrometer.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The daily average found for cadmium in our sample ofnine days is 6.19 ng/m3. The highest concentration of
cadmium is 21.3 ng/m3. On the 28th of March (day 4), thevalue exceeds the WHO air quality guideline for cadmiumof 5 ng/m3 (WHO, 2000).

Cd concentration per day timeseries plot
concentration of metal(ng/m^3)

1. INTRODUCTION
PM2.5 are particulate matters that have an aerodynamic
diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers. PM2.5 significantly
degrades the air quality and can be detrimental to thehealth.

30

21.35

20

10 10.24
5.23
10 3.921.951.15 0.11
1.72
0
0

5

Cd (ng/m^3)

10

day

Figure 1. Cadmium concentration per-day time series plot
5. CONCLUSION
Concentration of Cd in PM2.5 was found to exceed the
WHO air quality guideline for cadmium of 5 ng/m3
recommended to prevent any further increases in
cadmium levels in agricultural soils (WHO, 2000). Air
mass back trajectory was done which indicated that someof the particulate matters are originated from India, andPakistan, but most are coming from the Bay of Bengal.
This can help us determine the transboundary pollution
effect.
REFERENCES:[1] Ali, M. M., Hossain, D., Al-Imran, M., Khan, S.,
Begum, M., & Osman, M. H. (2021). Environmental
Pollution with Heavy Metals: A Public Health Concern.
In Heavy Metals-Their Environmental Impacts and
Mitigation. IntechOpen.
[2] Cadmium for PDF - Occupational Safety and HealthAdministration. (n.d.). Retrieved June 23, 2022, fromhttps://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/osha3136.pdf[3] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019,
July 2). Lead (PB) toxicity: What are U.S. standards forlead levels? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/leadtoxicity/safety_standards.html#:~:text=OSHA%20set%20a%20Permissible%
20Exposure,than%2030%20days%20per%20year

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THE PROSPECTS OF URBAN MINING TO ACHIEVE A CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN
BANGLADESH
N. JAHAN1, N. AMIN1, M.M. HOSSAIN3, and M. Sujauddin2
1 Undergraduate student, Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Dhaka,Bangladesh,
2 Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Dhaka,Bangladesh,3

Professor, Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh,

Correspond to N. JAHAN (nipa.jahan@northsouth.edu)
Keywords: Urban miming, Material Flow Analysis (MFA), Metal recycling.
1. BACKGROUND AND RATIONAL
The world is running out of valuable minerals andresources, as well as having severe environmental
consequences. To address these issues, decoupling natural
resources and environmental impacts is required. One of
the efficient means to achieve resource decoupling isurban mining. No mainstream research in urban mining
has been done in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study isimportant for Bangladesh since there are still knowledge
gaps among the relevant stakeholders. Moreover, urban
mining maximizes the economic value of waste streams
generated from urban setups by putting a significant
contribution to the planning and designing of sustainable
cities with the consistent goal of ensuring sustainable
development goals.
2. OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGYThis study focused on the five prominent metals such as
steel, aluminum, copper, lead, and zinc in the FY2020-21
to quantify the inflows, outflows, loss, and export
perspectives utilizing the concept of material flow
analysis in the greater Dhaka area. Moreover, an extensive
field survey from March to October 2021 has been
conducted to collect data.

Figure 1. A typical MFA of a metal industry and systemboundary of urban metal mining In Bangladesh.
3. RESULTS
In the (FY) 2020-21, the lion’s share (50%) of metal scrap
was from steel followed by 26% from aluminum, 12%from copper, 7% from lead, and 5% from zinc. The
amount of total collected steel waste was 9,99,970 MT anda considerable amount of scraps (1,05,296 MT, 13%) went
to the natural environment of Bangladesh as a loss while
59,998 MT (6%) of the collected scraps were exported. In
the case of copper, 40% of the total demand (44,555 MT)

was met through imports. Interestingly, the remaining 60%(66612 MT) came directly from urban mining in FY 202021 which had a trade value of USD 369M.

Figure 2. The complete flow of materials of urban miningof steel through collection, recycling, and manufacturing
processes.

Figure 3. Money flow of steel urban mining among thestakeholders.
4. CONCLUSIONS
The generation of metal wastes would increase in the near
future, necessitating the involvement of more
stakeholders. However, effective resource recovery
implies a strong framework for both stakeholders andpreservation of natural resources.
REFERENCES[1] Graedel, T.E. (2011). The Prospects for Urban Mining.
The Bridge, 34-50.
[2] Cossu, R., & Williams, D Lan. (2015). Urban Mining:
Concepts, terminology, Challenges. Editorial Waste
Management, 45, 1-3. 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.09.040.
[3] Sujauddin, M., Koide, R., Komatsu, T., Hossain, M.M.,
Tokoro, C., & Murakami, S. (2016). Ship Breaking and
the Steel Industry in Bangladesh: A Material Flow
Perspective. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 21(1), 191-203.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12423.

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01

0;UNDERSTANDING THE RECYCLING AND MANAGEMENT PROCESS OF END-OF-LIFE
PASSENGER VEHICLES IN DHOLAIKHAL, BANGLADESH: A MATERIAL FLOW PERSPECTIVE
M.I. Proma1, A.F. Islam2, M.M. Hossain3, and M. Sujauddin4
1

Undergraduate Student, Dept. of Environmental Science & Management, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh,2
Research Assistant, Dept. of Environmental Science & Management, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh,3
Professor, Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh,
4
Associate Professor, Dept. of Environmental Science & Management, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh,
Correspond to M.I. PROMA (maliha.proma@northsouth.edu)

Keywords: End-of-life vehicles (ELVs), Material flow analysis (MFA), Vehicle dismantling, Waste management, Recycling
1. BACKGROUND & RATIONALE OF STUDY
The automobile industry of Bangladesh is a growing sector.
The growth in vehicle ownership, especially passenger
vehicles, has led to an increase in end-of-life vehicles (ELVs)
in Bangladesh. ELVs are a large source of hazardous wastes,
creating a heavy environmental burden if mismanaged [1].
ELVs generate around 5% of industrial wastes worldwide [2].
Bangladesh has yet to formulate a proper ELV management
policy so there is no formal way to dispose ELVs. However,there is a robust informal sector to process ELVs. Dholaikhal,
an informal mini motor industrial zone in Dhaka, is the biggest
secondhand car parts market in Bangladesh, employing up to
30,000 people in hundreds of small stores that reuse, recycle,
refurbish and sell all kinds of vehicle parts [3].
Due to a lack of ELV legislation, many recyclable materials
are landfilled, and non-metallic hazardous wastes are illegally
openly dumped. Therefore, the ELV recycling andmanagement process in Dholaikhal is unsustainable and needs
to be formalized in order for improvement. To facilitate
decision-making and policy formulation, the vehicular scrap
recycling in Dholaikhal needs to be inspected and assessed.
2. OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGYThis study inspects the state of vehicular scrap recycling in
Dholaikhal. As most ELVs in Bangladesh are passenger
vehicles, this study focuses on end-of-life passenger vehicles(ELPVs). To identify and understand the flows and processesof ELPVs, this study provides the first-ever material flow
analysis of ELPVs in Dholaikhal, conducted during the Fiscal
Year (FY) 2018. This study reveals the previously unclear rateof ELPVs reusing, re-manufacturing and recycling in
Dholaikhal, and illustrates the manual ELV dismantlingprocess through field observation. A comparison between therecycling techniques of Dholaikhal and Japan is also provided,emphasizing on the non-metallic scrap streams of ELVs.
Since, there are no studies on how ELVs are managed in
Dholaikhal and no secondary data or official records of its
ELV flows, this study is fundamentally based on field
investigation and mass balance method for flow quantification.
3. REPRESENTATION OF THE RESULTSIn FY2018, 75,600 pieces of ELPV parts were imported,
26,460 pieces of ELPV engines were collected from domestic
in-use vehicles, and 28,080 reusable parts were recoveredfrom domestic ELPVs. These parts are almost entirely reused,refurbished, recycled or collected by scrap collectors leaving
no stock behind in Dholaikhal. As seen in Figure 1, only 359
pieces of scrap, less than 1% of the total input, was landfilled
while as much as 5,631 non-metallic scraps were recycled
outside of Dholaikhal through processes shown in Figure 2.
The vehicle dismantling process in Bangladesh is acomplete manual process using simple hand tools. Only thescrap glass, textile and leather parts are landfilled. All otherparts including plastic, rubber and tire are recycled eventually.

Landfilled parts hold only 3-4% by weight of ELPVs,
meaning 96% to 97% is reused, remanufactured and recycled.
Meanwhile in Japan, based on the principle of a soundmaterial-cycle society and prioritization of the cyclical use ofresources, the ‘ELV Recycling Act’ was passed in 2005, whichallowed Japan to reuse, recycle and recover approximately 99 %of ELVs by weight, leaving only 1% residue to be landfilled[4]. On the other hand, despite no financial or technologicalsupport and managing ELVs with manual dismantling process
sees 96% to 97% of ELVs reused, remanufactured andrecycled by the informal sectors of Bangladesh.

Figure 1. Process and flows of ELPVs in Dholaikhal

Figure 2. Recycling of non-metallic scraps of ELPVs
4. CONCLUSIONS
Considering Dholaikhal as an important entity in the future
manufacturing process of automobiles, government should
formalize and regulate this informal sector with specificlegislations. In policy and decision-making process, ELVs
should be perceived as valuable resources, while special
emphasis given to better sorting of materials for high level
recycling rates. It is hoped this study gives insights to facilitate
better performance of ELV management with a view to asustainable automobile industry in Bangladesh.
REFERENCES[1] H. Ohno, K. Matsubae, K. Nakajima, Y. Kondo, S. Nakamura, T. Nagasaka, Res.
Con. Rec. 100 (2015) 11-20[2] S. Karagoz, N. Aydin, V. Simic, J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag. 22 (2020) 416-442[3] S. Parveen, The 'magicians' of Dholaikhal, The Daily Star, 2008[4] J. Hiratsuka, N. Sato, H. Yoshida, J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag. 16 (2013) 21-30

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SATELLITE-BASED TIME SERIES ANALYSIS OF SEA LEVEL IN THE BAY OF BENGAL
FROM 1871 TO 2010 FOR CLIMATE PROJECTIONS

MD. HABIBUR RAHMAN HABIB1
Department of Oceanography, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
Email:habib.tangail.du@gmail.com;mdhabiburrahman-2014217391@ocean.du.ac.bd
Keywords: Satellite data; R programming; Sea surface height; Bay of Bengal
The correlation coefficient between the year and sea
BACKGROUND
surface height, according to the correlation study's
The Bay of Bengal, a northern extended arm of the In
findings, is 0.8774, or very nearly 1. This demonstrates
dian Ocean, is located between latitudes 5'N and 22'N
the strong correlation between the two variables (Fig.
and longitudes 80'E and 100'E (Fig. 1).
4).
1

Average annual sea surface height (m) in the Bay of Bengal from January
1871 to December 2010
ssh
Year
ssh
Year
ssh
Year
ssh
0.4643995 1906 0.4504902 1941 0.4995905 1976 0.5174531
0.4307028 1907 0.451401 1942 0.5009703 1977 0.5174722
0.4379476 1908 0.448369 1943 0.5016222 1978 0.5174062
0.4251244 1909 0.4505607 1944 0.5019025 1979 0.5179462
0.4230165 1910 0.4534815 1945 0.5028813 1980 0.5169655
0.4239209 1911 0.4534154 1946 0.5048943 1981 0.5172798
0.435506 1912 0.4544956 1947 0.5054886 1982 0.5190426
0.4497065 1913 0.4571499 1948 0.5055813 1983 0.5199698
0.4575583 1914 0.459112 1949 0.5051663 1984 0.5198241
0.4624139 1915 0.4616274 1950 0.505692 1985 0.5195872
0.4681291 1916 0.4625608 1951 0.5067705 1986 0.5168647
0.467056 1917 0.4632137 1952 0.507583 1987 0.5137386
0.4613352 1918 0.4659647 1953 0.5083882 1988 0.5121354
0.4554667 1919 0.4688296 1954
0.50924 1989 0.5115203
0.4522009 1920 0.4711457 1955 0.5091712 1990 0.5111232
0.4507597 1921 0.471328 1956 0.5089388 1991 0.5098353
0.4507184 1922 0.4727566 1957 0.508886 1992 0.5094091
0.4470698 1923 0.4731562 1958 0.5097525 1993 0.5113748
0.4480262 1924 0.4756147 1959 0.5098939 1994 0.511946
0.4450877 1925 0.4782018 1960 0.5099885 1995 0.5079282
0.4423222 1926 0.4788272 1961 0.5106368 1996 0.5089437
0.4419395 1927 0.4806339 1962 0.5107884 1997 0.5053115
0.4417978 1928 0.4834733 1963 0.5114068 1998 0.5065142
0.4439587 1929 0.4864378 1964 0.5116675 1999 0.5100723
0.4425096 1930 0.4879418 1965 0.5109132 2000 0.511531
0.4455602 1931 0.4894323 1966 0.5116249 2001 0.5167513
0.4466752 1932 0.4897068 1967 0.5122176 2002 0.5235219
0.4460247 1933 0.4909989 1968 0.5122858 2003 0.5267264
0.4459176 1934 0.492711 1969 0.5117953 2004 0.5279717
0.4491132 1935 0.4926603 1970 0.5122745 2005 0.530913
0.4512573 1936 0.4925012 1971 0.5139595 2006 0.5275049
0.4516972 1937 0.493377 1972 0.514595 2007 0.5316464
0.4514264 1938 0.4948545 1973 0.513916 2008 0.5439138
0.4511015 1939 0.4961226 1974 0.5150551 2009 0.5402604
0.4507294 1940 0.497885 1975 0.5165212 2010 0.5731205

Year
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905

Figure 2: Average annual sea surface height (m) in
the Bay of Bengal

Figure 3: Satellite observations show a consistent
average sea level gradually accelerating in the Bay of
Bengal since 1871.
Anomalies in sea level between
1871 and 2010 span 140 years
0.700
0.600
0.500
ssh(m)

Figure 1: Study area
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY To determine sea surface height and makeprojections for the future.
METARIALA AND METHODS
R programming was used to extract the satellite-based
sea surface height (m) data for the Bay of Bengal from the Asia Pacific Data Research Center (APDRC) over the period of January 1871 to December 2010.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The mean annual data for the Bay of Bengal's sea surface height (m) from January 1871 to December 2010
was extracted from monthly satellite data using R pro
gramming and is displayed below (Fig. 2). According
to the trend-line figure, the sea surface height (m) of
the Bay of Bengal has been increasing during the last
140 years (Fig. 3).

0.400
0.300

y = 0.0007x - 0.9032
R² = 0.8774

0.200

0.100
0.000
1860

1910

1960

2010

Year
ssh(m)

Linear (ssh(m))

Figure 4: Sea level anomalies in the Bay of Bengal
CONCLUSIONSThe linear regression equation allows us to quickly
calculate the future sea surface height required forclimate projections.
REFERENCES
Warrick, R.A., Azizul Hoq Bhuiya, A.K., Mitchell,
W.M., Murty, T.S. and Rasheed, K.B.S., 1996. Sealevel Changes in the Bay of Bengal. In The
Implications of Climate and Sea–Level Change for
Bangladesh (pp. 97-142). Springer, Dordrecht.

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STUVWXÿu[ÿ\X]ÿ_XcX_ÿ]d`v]_TXbÿTdÿ^eXÿj]iÿ̀kÿjXdU]_/'/'ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNITY’S WILLINGNESS TO PAY (WTP) FOR IMPROVED PUBLICHEALTHCARE FACILITIES IN THE COASTAL AREAS OF BANGLADESH
T.J. JUI1, A.S.M.M. KAMAL2, and M.A. KABIR3,
1

Research Associate, Department of Disaster Science and Climate Resilience, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh,2
Professor, Department of Disaster Science and Climate Resilience, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh,
3
Associate Professor, Department of Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh,
Correspond to T.J. JUI (tasnimjui235@gmail.com)

Keywords: Willingness to Pay (WTP), Public healthcare facilities, Contingent valuation, Community participation,
Coastal community at risk
BACKGROUND
In the coastal districts of Bangladesh, several diseases andhealth issues prevail that are aggravated by multiple
natural hazards. Death and injuries occur during cyclone,
Storm surge, and coastal flood. Besides, salinity intrusion,
inadequate safe drinking water and proper sanitation are
the other problems that result in unsafe health conditions
and deteriorate healthcare provision. The healthcare
service provided in Bangladesh is mostly dependent on
the government for finance, service delivery system andoverall management policies [1]. To improve the service
quality and overall facilities of the public healthcare
system, increased fund is required. It is necessary to assess
the preference of the patients’ and community people
receiving healthcare from public facilities about
contributing to health financing for the development of
their services. It is therefore essential to assess which
attributes in the health system the affected communities
prefer to improve and how much they are willing to sharethe economic burden of the improvement. Evaluating
suitable healthcare financing and service delivery scheme
requires economic valuation of healthcare and healthoutcome. This research aimed to explore the prevailing
health issues among the community people, insufficiencyof public health services and assess the affected
communities’ preference about a financial contribution forimproving healthcare services.
METHODOLOGY
The contingent valuation method (CVM) has been used toestimate aggregate willingness to pay for improved
healthcare services. 328 randomly sampled households ofShyamnagar upazila of Satkhira district of Bangladesh
were surveyed applying the payment card approach ofcontingent valuation to realize the households’
willingness to pay. A binary logistic regression model wasapplied to find out factors influencing the variation in
willingness to pay and the mean willingness to pay
additional money for healthcare improvement was
obtained using a probit model. Aggregate willingness topay for improved healthcare services was estimated forthe number of patients visiting Upazila Health Complex(UHC) of Shyamnagar annually.
RESULT
The people in the study area were found to widely sufferfrom diarrhea, dysentery, high blood pressure, and skindiseases among many other diseases. Although 32.3% of
respondents preferred UHC as the primary source forhealthcare seeking, several problems are reported to exist
at the UHC which hinders quality healthcare provision.
Unavailability of doctors, staff and medicines were themost mentioned problems. In addition to addressing these
problems, improvement of the UHC’s WASH facilities
was strongly suggested by the respondents.
Table 1. Distribution of households based on their choices
to payPercentage Total(%)
Households
willing topayHouseholds
unwilling topayWilling aoffered bid
Willing to pay
less thanoffered bid
Consider it as
government’s
responsibility

58.8

Consider the
program to beineffective

1.5

82.6%

23.8
15.9

17.4%

The annual mean WTP for improved public healthcare
was estimated to be approximately Tk 60. After deducting
the 17.4% protest zeros, the estimated revenue equivalent
to the aggregate WTP was found to be approximately Tk
2840000 annually from Shyamnagar.
CONCLUSIONS
Access to safe drinking water is a common problem
found in the study area contributing to a high percentage
of waterborne diseases. The willingness to pay of
individual households was influenced by socio-economic
factors mostly. The outcome of this study suggests that by
ensuring the availability of doctors and staff, sufficientand good quality medicines, improved WASH facilities,
specialized diagnostic equipment in the Upazila HealthComplexes by the government, a considerable amount offunds can be raised through public support.
REFERENCES[1] Islam, A. (2014). Health System in Bangladesh:
Challenges and Opportunities. American Journal of
Health Research, 2(6), 366.

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} c]mdXYd]bÿbdXnV_wadmÿ]Wdc[]VaSources and contribution of water soluble compositions on the formation of
secondary inorganic aerosol over Dhaka City
Sara Binte Rashid1, Md Firoz Khan1, Karabi Farhana Biswas1, Mohammad
Moniruzzaman2, Muhammad Nurul Huda3, Md. Aftab Ali Shaikh4
Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University,
Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
2Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205
3
Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000,
Bangladesh
4
Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
Corresponding author: sara.rashid@northsouth.edu
1

Keywords: Aerosol, SIA, marine aerosol, water soluble

Objectives:

Secondary aerosol plays a significant role to degrade
the local scale air quality. Thus, this study aims tomeasure the water soluble components in PM 10 andthe meteorological processes involve to transformthe chemical into aerosol phase.

Methods:

The PM 10 samples of aerosols were collected at therooftop of North South University during March2022 on 24 h basis using a High Volume Sampler(TEI-108NL, Thermo, India) for 10 consecutive
days in quartz fibre filters. The filters were extracted
and the extracted samples were analysed for cations
and anions using an ion chromatograph (Dionex
ICS-1600, Thermo Scientific, USA).

Figure 2: Concentration of PM 10 ions in percentage.

Figure 3: Enrichment factors of the ions.

Conclusions:This study will help us to understand the adverse
effects of PM 10 aerosols and it will also help us tofind out some recommendations in order to reducethe impacts.
Figure 1: Map of the sampling location.

References:

Results:[1] Taylor, Abundance of Chemical Elements in theContinental Crust: A New Table, Geochim.
Cosmochim. Acta 28 (8), 1273–1285, 1964.
Norazman et al.
[2] Khan MF et al. Comprehensive assessment of
PM 2.5 physicochemical properties during theSoutheast Asia dry season (south-west monsoon).
J. Geophys. Res., 121 (24) 14589-14611, 2016.

The result showed that most of the aerosols emitted
from anthropogenic sources and the predominantsoluble fractions of aerosol are sulphate (SO 4 2-),
nitrate (NO 3 -), chloride (Cl-), sodium (Na+), calcium(Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+) and potassium (K+)
respectively. Ammonium (NH 4 +) also shows a valueof 0.83 µg/m3. The ionic compositions which play asignificant role to process the secondary inorganic
aerosol (SIA) are SO 4 2-, NO 3 - and NH 4 +.

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Diurnal variations and RDD flux of aerosol and reactive gases over Dhaka City
Ummay Ayesha Mim1, Md Firoz Khan1, Karabi Farhana Biswas1, Mohammad Moniruzzaman2,
Muhammad Nurul Huda3, Md. Aftab Ali Shaikh4
Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229,
Bangladesh
2Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka
3
Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
4
Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
Corresponding author: ummay.mim@northsouth.edu
1

Objectives:
Aerosol and reactive gases play significant role inclimate change. This study aims to measure realtime basis of the several fractions of aerosols andreactive gases present in the air of Dhaka city.
Besides, the visualization of the variables has been
done to know their changes over the city. In addition,
respiratory deposition flux has been undertaken to
see the change of the particle deposition in different
airways in male and female for the exposure of PM 10
and PM 2.5.
Methods:
The samples of PM 10 and PM 2.5 has been collectedby BAM-1020. Oxides of nitrogen has beencollected through AMNA-370 and CO by APNA370. And the sample of SO 2 collected through
APSA-370. Software as HYSPLIT and GrADS has
been used to view the air mass transportation andwind vector respectively.
Result:concentration ug/m3

The 24 h mean value shows the guideline provided
by the Department of Environment (DOE),
Bangladesh and also several other internationalguidelines (e.g. USEPA, WHO, etc.). Interestingly,
the diurnal changes of the PM 10 , PM 2.5 and thereactive gases show a short temporal lifecycle andindicate the processes impacting from the local
origin.
300.00250.00200.00150.00100.0050.00
0.00

Fig:Concentration summary of reactive gases andaerosol

Fig: Air mass transportation
Conclusions:
The study will help to know the temporal lifecycleof the air particles and reactive gases over Dhaka
City. The community may receive a message to plan
their outdoor activities with a lower exposure to thepollutants if they are made aware of the changes in
the air pollutants over a 24-hour period.
Reference:
Norazman et al. Influence of Monsoonal Driving
Factors on the Secondary Inorganic Aerosol overAmbient Air in Dhaka. ACS Earth and Space
Chemistry, 5(9), 2517-2533, 2021.

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AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AND NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE MORTALITY IN
JAPAN FROM 2010 TO 2019: A TIME-STRATIFIED CASE-CROSSOVER ANALYSIS
S.Y. LIN1, C.F.S. NG2, Y. KIM3, Z.W. HTAY4, and M. HASHIZUME5
Master’s Student, Department of Global Health Policy, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,
Associate Professor, Department of Global Health Policy, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,
3
PhD Student, Department of Global Health Policy, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,
4
Associate Professor, Department of Global Environmental Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,
5
Professor, Department of Global Health Policy, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,
Correspond to S.Y.LIN (ariellin64@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp)
1

2

Keywords: Nervous System Diseases, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ambient Temperature, Japan
1. INTRODUCTION
Nervous system diseases (NSD) were the second
leading cause of mortality in 2016 causing an estimated 9
million deaths globally [1]. Ambient temperature has been
speculated as a risk factor, notably for neurodegenerative
NSD [2,3]. However, few studies have examined theassociation between NSD and ambient temperature,especially at low temperatures. There are also no studies
within the NSD subgroups such as Alzheimer’s disease.
The objective of this study is to examine the association
between short-term changes in air temperature and NSD
related mortality in Japan.
2. METHODS
We collected daily meteorological data and NSD
mortality data from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2019in 10 Japanese prefectures (Hokkaido, Saitama, Chiba,
Tokyo, Kanagawa, Shizuoka, Aichi, Osaka, Hyogo, andFukuoka). We conducted a 2-stage analysis based on atime-stratified case-crossover study design. In the firststage, a conditional quasi-Poisson regression model with
distributed lag nonlinear model was applied to estimate
the exposure-response relationship in each prefecture. In
the second stage, a multivariate random-effects metaanalysis was applied to pool the prefecture-specific effectestimates. Minimum mortality temperature (MMT), thetemperature with the minimum risk of mortality, was used
as reference to compute the relative risk for cold and heatusing the 2.5th and 97.5th percentile of daily mean
temperature respectively.
3. RESULTS
A total of 162,315 deaths due to NSD were observed
during the 10-year study period.

Figure 1. Exposure-response curves for nervous systemdisease deaths.

Figure 2. Temperature-specific lag summary for cold at
2.5th percentile (left) and for heat at 97.5th percentile(right).
Table 1. Pooled relative risks of all and cause-specificnervous system disease deaths.
Disease(ICD-10)
Nervous System(G00-G99)
Neurodegenerative(G12.2; G20; G21
G23; G30; G31)
Alzheimer(G30)
Parkinson(G20; G21)

MMT
86.4
84.8
98.9
82.7

Relative Risk (95%CI)
Cold Risk
Heat Risk
1.430
1.026
(1.278-1.599)(0.956-1.100)
1.368(1.174-1.594)

1.036(0.949-1.131)

1.532(1.167-2.012)
1.537(1.125-2.099)

1.008(0.977-1.040)
1.208
0.996- 1.464)

Note: ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes;
MMT, minimum mortality temperature (percentile); CI, confidence interval.

4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONSPreliminary findings suggest that only cold effect isassociated with significant increase in NSD mortality, andthose with Alzheimer's and Parkinson’s disease areparticularly vulnerable. The delayed cold effect for NSD
mortality is approximately two weeks. Subgroup analysis
found that those below 75 and female are more vulnerable
to cold effects. This finding is contrary to previous studies
which have consistently suggested that older people are
more vulnerable to changes in ambient temperature. Moreresearch is needed to identify possible pathways for theobserved effects.
REFERENCES[1] Feigin, V. L., et al. (2019). Global, regional, andnational burden of neurological disorders, 1990–2016: asystematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease
Study 2016. The Lancet Neurology, 18(5), 459–480.
[2] Zammit, C., Torzhenskaya, N., Ozarkar, P. D., &Calleja Agius, J. (2021). Neurological disorders vis-à-vis
climate change. Early Human Development, 155, 105217.
[3] Habibi, L., Perry, G., & Mahmoudi, M. (2017). Global
warming and neurodegenerative disorders: speculations
on their linkage. BioImpacts, 4(4), 167–170.

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Receptor Modelling and Human Respiratory Deposition Dose in Dhaka City
Israt Nur Janntul Raim1, Md Firoz Khan1, Karabi Farhana Biswas1, Mohammad
Moniruzzaman2, Muhammad Nurul Huda3, Md. Aftab Ali Shaikh4
Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Bashundhara,
Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
2Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka
3
Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
4
Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
Corresponding author: ishrat.raim@northsouth.edu
1

Keywords: Aerosol, Metals, Carcinogen, Deposition flux, Sources
OBJETIVES: The chemical compositions presenting
the aerosol are the key drivers to cause adverse healthimpacts from the exposure to air pollutants. Thus, thisstudy aims to measure the fourteen metals from PM 10
and to know their sources and human respiratory
deposition dose in Dhaka city.
METHODS: In march 2022, aerosol sampling has
been made on the rooftop of North South University.
The sample of PM 10 have been collected on a 24-hourbasis using a High Volume Sampler (TEI-108NL,
Thermo, India) for 10 days in quartz fibre filters. The
filters were extracted with 10 ml of acid mixtures for
40 minutes using a microwave digestor (DartD,
Milestone, Italy). After filtration, the extracted
samples were analysed using an inductively coupledplasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (NexION 2000,
Perkin Elmer, USA) for 14 metals which are As, Cd,
Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn, Mn, Fe, Se, Be, and V.
RESULTS: From the result we can acknowledge thatthe predominant metal fractions of aerosols are Zn, Fe,
Pb, Mn, Cd, and Cu. Cr, Ni, Hg, Se, Pb As, metals
show relatively lower concentration but these metals
are known as carcinogens. From the correlation results
we can see that several of the carcinogenic metals arewell correlated with metals originating from the
combustion of fossilised fuel. Coal processing may
emit As, Se, and Hg with the aerosol particles

identified in the study area. Human respiratory
deposition dose of the toxic metals in the pulmonary
region may pose adverse impacts to the people whoare engaged in the outdoor activities.

Figure 2: Airways deposition flux of metals fromPM 10 for male and female. And Concentration of
metals.
CONCLUSIONS: This analysis detects the metals in
Dhaka City and the possible aerosol generating
sources. The respiratory deposition dose of the metals
in the aerosol phase may help the policy makers withthe policy preparation in ensuring the health of local
people.

REFERENCES:[1] Khan, M. F., Latif, M. T., Saw, W. H., Amil, N.,
Nadzir, M. M., Sahani, M., ... & Chung, J. X. (2016).
Fine particulate matter in the tropical environment:
monsoonal effects, source apportionment, and healthrisk assessment. Atmospheric Chemistry andPhysics, 16(2), 597-617.
[2] Khan, M. F., Sulong, N. A., Latif, M. T., Nadzir,
M. S. M., Amil, N., Hussain, D. F. M., ... & Mizohata,
A. (2016). Comprehensive assessment of PM2. 5
physicochemical properties during the Southeast Asia
dry season (southwest monsoon). Journal ofGeophysical Research: Atmospheres, 121(24), 14-589

Figure 1: Backward Trajectory for the Transport of air massby HYSPLIT model

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UNRAVELING THE GLOBAL FLOW OF SINGLE-USE PLASTIC PACKAGING
M. HAFIZ1, M.M. MATTRA1, M.M. HOSSAIN3, and M. SUJAUDDIN2
Undergraduate student, Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Dhaka,Bangladesh,

1

2

3

Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Dhaka,Bangladesh,

Professor, Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh,
Correspond to M. HAFIZ (mashrur.hafiz@northsouth.edu)

Keywords: Single-use plastic, Packaging plastic, Material flow analysis, Waste management

THE RISE OF PLASTICS
Plastics are hailed as a miracle material. Till
2015, the world has manufactured close to 400 million
tonnes of plastic per annum [1]. SUPs have a very shortlifespan, and are a resource that suffers from major
losses in the economy. Approximately 500 billion
plastic bags are used worldwide annually, which equals
to more than 1 million bags per minute [2]. This isestimated by experts to have a monetary value of $80–
120 billion per annum [3]. This study focused on a
global review based on the available studies on SUP
packaging from the US, China, Brazil, India, Japan,
South Korea, Trinidad and Tobago, and 28 countries
representing the EU (EU 28) through the lens of material
flow analysis (MFA).
1.

2. RESULTS
The global waste management scenario for single-use
plastics
Figure 2 represents the how single-use plastic
waste is managed in the study areas. US, China, andSouth Korea show a significantly higher amount ofwaste collected than SUPs generated from the packaging
sector. These 3 studies are an MFA of all types ofplastics in the economy, with China and the US being
agglomerated studies. For developing countries, themajority of waste generated came from the packaging
sector. The EU had an uncollected waste amount of 140
kilotons and Japan had an uncollected waste amount of
800 kilotons. This meant the EU had a collection rate ofa staggering 99%. This is a good testament to their
management of waste and the collection system in theirregion. India boasts a collection rate of 72% as they
assumed all collected waste to be sent to recycling,which is not true.

Figure 1. The global waste management scenario forsingle-use plastic packaging
3.

CONCLUSION
SUPs become waste almost immediately, withno stocks remaining, and higher landfilling rates
compared to recycling efficiency were prevalent.
However, existing policies have concrete directives
and frameworks in place with great promise.
Increasing the proportion of post-consumer singleuse plastics being diverted to recycling and changes
in consumer habits can reduce the consumption of
SUP packaging and increase resource efficiency.
REFERENCES[1] Ritchie, H., & Roser, M. (2018). Plastic
Pollution. Our World in Data. Retrieved fromhttps://ourworldindata.org/plastic-pollution.
[2] Plastic Oceans (2022). The facts “more than 8
million tons of plastic are dumped in our oceans
every year”. https://plasticoceans.org/the-facts[3] World Economic Forum. (2016). More Plastic
than Fish in the Ocean by 2050: Report Offers
Blueprintfor
Change.
Retrievedfromhttps://www.weforum.org/press/2016/01/moreplastic-than-fish-in-the-ocean-by-2050-reportoffers-blueprint-for-change/

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;µ012345ÿMICROBIOME PROFILING AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE BURIGANGA RIVER
SEDIMENT IN DHAKA, BANGLADESH, USING WHOLE-GENOME METAGENOMICS
N.T. EMA1, M.R.I. RANGA2, O. SAHA3, and M.M. RAHAMAN4
Student, Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
Lecturer, Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
3
Lecturer, Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
4
Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
Correspond to M.M. RAHAMAN (razu002@du.ac.bd)
1

2

Keywords: Buriganga River pollution, Sediment, Whole Genome metagenomic sequencing, Microbial community,
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs)
1. INTRODUCTION
The Buriganga river is the lifeline of Dhaka city, thecapital of Bangladesh. Pollution from various
anthropogenic and natural sources has contaminated its
water and sediment. Sediment is an important exchange
matter and carrier in river systems which promotes the
migration of adsorbed pollutants and microorganisms,
both of which have a significant influence on the river
ecosystems. Understanding how nutrient and pollutant
availability affects microbial communities in sediments
is crucial for predicting future environmental change
responses[1].

The functional analysis revealed a wide variety ofpathways involved in metabolism, signal transduction,
cellular processes, etc.

2. MATERIALS AND METHODSIn this study, 11 samples from different points of the
Buriganga river sediment were collected and 4 of thesamples underwent whole-genome metagenomic
sequencing and were analyzed by using different
bioinformatic tools to reveal the microbial community.
3. RESULTS
Taxonomic profiling showed bacterial community
dominated the population (90-93%), followed byeukaryotes (3-7 %), archaea (3-4 %), and DNA viruses(<1%).

Figure 2: Major metabolic pathways in microbiome
Resistance profiling found 16 different classes of
ARGs with a higher abundance of sulfonamide,
tetracycline, macrolide, and aminoglycoside resistancegenes.
4. CONCLUSION
This pioneering study represents valuable insights
into the Buriganga river's sediment microbialcommunity and could be instructive for the ongoing
efforts to clean up the Buriganga River.
REFERENCES[1] F. Zhang et al., “Different response of bacterial
community to the changes of nutrients andpollutants in sediments from an urban river
network,” Frontiers of Environmental Science &Engineering, vol. 14, Apr. 2020, doi:
10.1007/s11783-019-1207-3.
Figure 1: Relative abundance of microbial community

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HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF SELECTED ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS IN THE CO-MANAGED FORESTPROTECTED AREAS AND BIO-DIVERSE NON-CO-MANAGED FOREST AREAS OF BANGLADESH
USING MODIS REMOTELY SENSED DATA
A.C. TITHI1*, M.S.I. SOHEL1, MD. JAKARIYA1, M.P. RANA2
1

Departmnet of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
2Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Paavo Havaksen tie 3, 90570 Oulu, Finland
Corresponded to A.C. TITHI ( adritachoudhury44@gmail.com)

Keywords: ecosystem functions, remote sensing, co-management, reserve forest, VCF, homestead forest.
BACKGROUNDThis study analyzed four ecosystem functions
via MODIS remote sensing data in the four co-managed
forest protected areas (CFPA) and two bio-diverse nonco-managed forest areas (BNCFA) from 2002 to 2021.
Ecosystem functions and their indicators such as NPP,
GPP, LST, EVI, LAI, NDVI, ET, PET and FPAR in
CFPA and BNCFA were assessed.
METHOD

Figure 1. Method of the study
RESULTS

Figure 4: Temporal changes in the ecosystem functions.
CONCLUSION
No such major evidential difference in majorityof the ecosystem parameters was observed between the
CFPAs and BNCFAs management regimes. Recently,
most of the parameters show a deteriorating state in bothFigure 2. Difference in ecosystem function

CFPAs and BNCFAs of Bangladesh. Re-evaluation ofmanagement regimes may be shifting some of thepractices of BNCFAs to CFPAs as best practices. Further
study of the ecosystem functions would be helpful.
REFERENCE[1] Subroto, S., Caudra, M., Rashid, A. Z. M. M., &Bartholdson,

O.

J.

Sust.

For.

(2021)

https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2021.1941121.
Figure 3. Ecosystem functions with vegetation indices q ÿÿr8977 97ÿÿ

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SPATIO-TEMPORAL CHANGES OF AMBIENT NO2 DURING COVID-19
LOCKDOWNS IN CHINA
F. HUANG1, W. TAKEUCHI2
1

Bachelor student, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,
2
Professor, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,

Keywords: NO2; COVID-19; air pollution; remote sensing
1. GENERAL INSTRCUTIONS
Air pollution have been one of the major health affecting
factors around the globe. In China, air pollution mostly
comes from the high percentage of coal in energy structure,industrial activities and automobile exhaust of cars.
During the lockdown policies implemented to restrict
COVID-19 spreading from 2020 to 2022 in China, these
activities are more and less restricted. Under this situation,
it is expected that a decrease in air pollutants caused byhuman activities will be observed.
Previous research (1) has shown a global trend of
decreasing NO2 concentration during the first 4 months ofthe covid breakout in 2020. However, the concentration
changes of other air pollutants, and the effect of lockdown
policies in 2021 and 2022 are relatively less analyzed.
This study aims to analyze the change in air pollution
patterns during the COVID-19 affected time period inseveral cities in China using satellite data retrieved fromthe aura satellite’s Ozone Monitoring Instrument and thepolicy stringency retrieved from the OxCGRT database(2). 13 Cities are selected based on different altitudes andlatitudes, population and emission composition as thestuding area.
Table 1. Selected cities for studying
citymajor emission latitude
sourceHarbinindustry
45.75

2. RESULTS

Figure 1. NO2 concentration of Shanghai from 2019 to2022 (partial). The circled data (April to May) showed asignificant decrease.

longitude
126.63

UlumutiBeijing
YinchuanZhengzhou
Xi'an
Nanjing

industryindustry
powertransportation

43.36
39.56
38.49
34.75

88.31
116.2
106.25113.63transportationindustry

34.34
32.05

108.94118.77shanghai
Wuhan
Chongqing
ChangshaShenzhen
Hongkong

industryindustrytransportation

31.11
30.58
29.4

121.29114.28106.54industrytransportation
power

28.23
22.54
22.27

112.94114.06114.16

Figure 2. There is a significant increase in Shanghai’s
policy stringency from April to May in 2022.
3. CONCLUSIONSIn Shanghai, the observed significant decrease in NO2
concentration could reflect the large-scale lockdown eventin 2022. However, this could not be applied to all the other
cities, especially those with less policy strength. The trendof NO2 concentration needs to be examined in the future
to find the significant points and analyze the effect oflockdown policy on them.
REFERENCES[1] Cooper, M.J., Martin, R.V., Hammer, M.S. et
al. Global fine-scale changes in ambient NO2 during
COVID-19 lockdowns. Nature 601, 380–387(2022).
[2] Hale, T., Angrist, N., Goldszmidt, R. et al. A global
panel database of pandemic policies (Oxford COVID-19
Government Response Tracker). Nat Hum Behav 5, 529–
538 (2021).

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TIME SERIES HORIZONTAL SURFACE DISPLACEMENT AND SEISMICITY SCENARIO IN
AND AROUND SAGAING FAULT FOR THE LAST 20 YEARS
M.S.SARKER1, D.M.E.HAQUE2
Student, Department of Disaster Science and Climate Resilience, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh,
Associate Professor, Department of Disaster Science and Climate Resilience, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh,
Correspond to M.S.SARKER (Shahoriar-5-2016314599@dsm.du.ac.bd)
1

2

Keywords: Sagaing Fault, Horizontal Displacement, Sub-pixel Correlation, Optical Image, Vector Field

2. METHOD

(a)

(c)

(b)

Figure 3. shows (a) N/S displacement, (b) E/W
displacement (c) Vector field for 2013 Shwebo earthquake.
Displacement (meter)

1. BACKGROUNDThe Sagaing fault is a north-south striking right-lateral
strike-slip fault with active horizontal motion historicallyassociated with large earthquakes [1]. Earthquake
produces horizontal surface displacements and there
remain several techniques for measuring horizontal
surface displacement. It can be observed by field surveys
or GPS measurements. Although GPS measurements
provide both vertical and horizontal information of
deformation, continuous scenario is not attainable due tolow spatial density of GPS stations and these methods
frequently lack details [2]. As a result, these techniques
are not very efficient approaches for determining thehorizontal surface displacement. Optical images can beused to determine horizontal surface displacement using
sub-pixel correlation technique. Horizontal surface
displacement may be best assessed by the time series subpixel correlation of multiple number of optical images.

5
4
3
2
1
0

Validation

0

Point ID

5

10
15
Field Data
Sub-pixel Correlation

Figure 4. Validation of the Result obtained in this Study.

Figure 1. Methodological Framework for this Study.
3. RESULT
300000

SNR 0.95 to 1

Pixel

2000001000000
0.95

1
SNR Value

Figure 2. Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) Value.

128-64-16
128-32-16
128-32-8
64-32-16
64-18-8
32-32-16
32-32-4
32-16-4

4. CONCLUSIONSThe key horizontal surface displacement has beenfound to be less than two meters, as indicated by thedisplacement field map. The displacement map shows
displacements of less than five meters for the most part.
This study has several shortcomings that need to beaddressed. A higher resolution may improve the final
product's quality. The temporal gap between all pre-event
images and respective post-event images is a major
limitation. Most images used for sub-pixel correlation
have cloud coverage, causing temporal decorrelation.
Also, changes in vegetation cover, objects relocation, andthe presence of several water bodies contributed to thelack of coherence and poor correlation. Though, theprecise amount of displacement is difficult to interpret, thepurpose has been accomplished and the research questions
have been addressed.
REFERENCES[1] Curray, J. R. et al. (1979) ‘Tectonics of the Andaman
Sea and Burma: convergent margins’. AAPG Special
Volumes.
[1] JGürbüz, A. and Gürer, Ö. F. (2008) ‘Tectonic
geomorphology of the North Anatolian fault zone in thelake Sapanca Basin (eastern Marmara Region, Turkey)’,
GeosciencesJournal. Springer, 12(3), pp. 215–225.

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!"#$% &'"("%ESTIMATION OF NIGHTTIME LIGHT DISTRIBUTIONIN AN URBAN AREA FOR URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
S. FUMIYAMA1, W. TAKEUCHI1
Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
Correspond to S. FUMIYAMA (fumiyamas-ut@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp)
1

Keywords: Nighttime Light, Urban Environment, Unmixing, Trend Analysis, Developing City
1. INTRODUCTIONNighttime Light (NTL) observed from satellites isessential for assessing the urban environment. Previous
studies have tried to utilize them to assess socio-economic
activities and artificial light's environmental impact [1].
However, it is difficult to identify the source of NTL
emission and its reflection from satellite observations
alone. This difficulty is a challenge for such applicationsof NTL. Therefore, to understand the distribution of NTL
in urban areas, We study its feature by combining
observation and simulations.
The study consists of three steps. 1) Extract the impactof urban areas on NTL from satellite images. 2) Simulate
the distribution of NTL using a 3D city model 3) Compare
results to demonstrate the extent to which satellites candetect the emission and reflection of NTL in urban areas.
In this paper, we explain the first step.
2. METHODOLOGY
The proposed method has two parts: the first is theunmixing. Currently, available NTL image resolution iscoarse, and each pixel contains several land cover types.
To extract NTL in urban areas from mixed NTL pixels, we
use the unmixing method [2]. This method uses highresolution land cover data to calculate the contribution to
NTL for each land cover. The second is trend analysis: We
apply the STL decomposition method [3] to unmixed NTL
data to isolate the noise and analyze the changes in NTL
in urban areas. This method decomposes NTL variations
into three components: trend, seasonal, and residual noise.
This method enables us to analyze the effects ofcontinuous
urban
development
andseasonal
environmental changes on NTL.
3. CASE STUDY
To validate the proposed method, We conducted a casestudy in Savannakhet, Laos. The region is rapidly
urbanizing, and NTL radiance may increase withurbanization. We used the VIIRS product [4] from 2019 to
2021 for NTL data and Copernicus product [5] in 2019 forland cover data.
Figure 1 shows the change in NTL radiance for eachland cover. Urban areas produce more NTL than others. In
addition, NTL in urban areas shows substantial variation.
These trends cannot be seen in mean data without
unmixing. This result suggests that the proposed method
could extract trends specific to urban areas.
Figure 2 shows the results of STL decomposition
focusing on NTL in urban areas.

Figure 1. Results of the unmixing method applied to NTL
in Savannakhet

Figure 2. Results of STL decomposition applied to NTL
from urban area
The trend component shows an increasing trend. However,the seasonal component shows a cyclical pattern, peaking
yearly in summer. These variations are assumed to reflect
the trend of urbanization and climate in the target area.
4. CONCLUSIONS
Our proposed method could extract changes in theconditions of the urban area from NTL imagery. This
study provides fundamental knowledge in utilizing NTL
for urban environmental assessment. We would like todevelop our method with simulations for future work.
REFERENCES[1] Levin, Noam, et al., Remote Sensing of Environment
237 (2020): 111443.
[2] Li, Xi, Linlin Ge, Xiaoling Chen, IEEE Geoscienceand Remote Sensing Letters 11.10 (2014): 1667-71.
[3] Cleveland, Robert B., et al. J.Off.Stat 6.1 (1990): 3-73.
[4] Mills, Stephen, Stephanie Weiss, and Calvin Liang.
Earth observing systems XVIII. (2013).
[5] Buchhorn, Marcel, et al. "Copernicus Global Land
Service: Land Cover 100m: Version 3 Globe 2015-2019:
Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document." (2020)

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D , B!!"TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS OF LANDCOVER DYNAMICS AND THEIR RELATION WITH
COASTLINE MIGRATION ALONG KUAKATA COAST, BANGLADESH USING REMOTESENSING TECHNIQUES
A.F. Aishi1, and K. Hasan2
Research Associate, Department of Disaster Science and Climate Resilience, University of Dhaka, Dhaka,Bangladesh,2
Professor, Department of Disaster Science and Climate Resilience, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh,
Correspond to A.F. Aishi (fyruz.aishi@gmail.com)
1

Keywords: Kuakata; landcover; LULC; DSAS; coastal erosion; coastline migration
1. INTRODUCTION
Most studies carried out on the changes in the coastline
Table 1. Summary statistics of erosion rate calculationof Bangladesh indicate higher accretion than the erosion
percent of all
71.78%
percent of all
28.22%of the coasts ruled by estuarine conditions [1]. Kuakata,transects thattransects thatlocated at the southernmost tip of the coastline ofare erosional
are accretional
Bangladesh is a panoramic beach that offers a full view ofmaximum-47.67
maximum
23.51
sunset and sunrise. In 2016, the total gross recreational
value erosion
value accretion
benefit of this area was estimated to be approximately(m/year)(m/year)29.55 million per year in Bangladeshi Taka [2]. previous
average of all-8.03
average of all
13.04
studies on this coast suggest that more erosional activities
erosional rates
accretional
occur along the coastline compared to coastal accretion(m/year)rates (m/year)[3]. However, these studies on the Kuakata coast neither
focused on landcover change analysis nor tried concluding
the interrelationship between coastline shifting andsubsequent landcover changes. But to mitigate the effectsof coastal erosion and save the tourism in Kuakata,changes in landcover associated with erosion andaccretion need to be explored. The present study aimed todetermine whether any distinctive pattern exists relating
coastal erosion and landcover dynamics of Kuakata.
2. STUDY AREA
Figure 4. Change analysis of LULC vs. coastline
The study area (figure 1) is the coastal region belonging
Figure 5. LULC changes from 1989 to 2020 in theto Lata Chapli and Dhulasar unions of Kalapara upazila inaccreted and eroded area
Patuakhali district within Barishal division of Bangladesh.
4. CONCLUSIONSThe change detection results give a detailed insight ofinterclass changes in LULC. Most eroded zones were
either mangrove forests, beach or agricultural lands,
formerly. Now these areas have changed to waterbodies.
Settlements were lost along the western coast due toerosion. Newly accreted lands are mostly shown to bebeach, mangrove vegetation or agricultural lands. Study
findings suggest that changes in beach and mangrove
Figure 2. Methodologicalvegetation classes have significant correlation withframework of the study
coastal erosion-accretion processes.
Figure 1. Location of the study area
REFERENCES
3. RESULTS[1] Brammer, H. (2014). Bangladesh’s dynamic coastal
From 1989 to 2020, 476.0807 hectares of coastal land
regions and sea-level rise. Climate Risk Management, 1,
was eroded away while 302.8112 hectares were accreted
51–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CRM.2013.10.001.
in Kuakata.
[2] Hossain, M. S., & Islam, A. K. M. N. (2016).
Estimating Recreational Benefits of the Kuakata Sea
Beach: A Travel Cost Analysis. Daffodil International
University Journal of Business and Economics, 10(2).
[3] Islam, A. Z. Z., Kabir, S. M. H., Nur, M., & Sharifee,
H. (2013). High-tide Coastline Method to Study the
Stability of Kuakata Coast of Bangladesh Using Remote
Sensing Techniques. Asian Journal of Geoinformatics,
Figure 3. Total area (hectares) covered by land-use types
13(1), 23–29.
from the year 1989 to 2020

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S. IWAI1, T. MIZUTANI2
1

2nd-yesr master’s student, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,
2

Associate professor, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Keywords: Non-destructive inspection, GPR, Void thickness, Frequency response, Pattern matching
1. INTRODUCTION
Damage caused by aging public infrastructure is a
growing problem in Japan, and it is necessary to detect
internal damage in concrete structures before it surfaces.
One of the non-destructive inspection methods forconcrete is the electromagnetic radar method, which isbased on the amplitude and intensity of the received signal,
called B-mode (Figure 1.)[1]. Since this method issubjective and requires the skill of the person in charge ofthe inspection, it is desirable to be able to estimate thedamage automatically and with high accuracy. Therefore,
the objective of this study is to establish an algorithm toestimate the thickness of a void in concrete accurately andin real time.

Figure 2. Theoretical spectra for multiple thickness
Actual void thickness: 110mm
Depth(mm)Depth(mm)Depth(mm)Actual void thickness: 20mm

reflection of rebar
Distance(mm)Figure 1. B-mode image by electromagnetic radar
2. ALGORITHM FOR ESTIMATING THICKNESSAs the void thickness decreases, it becomes impossible
to distinguish its peak due to the subtractive interference
caused by the upper and lower reflected waves. Therefore,
we focused on the frequency response because thereflected wave has a frequency dependence depending on
the void thickness change[2]. Figure 2. shows the
spectrum for different void widths, and since the spectrum
also changes as the void thickness changes, we thoughtthat the void thickness could be estimated by performing
pattern matching of the frequency spectrum.
Figure 3. shows the results of applying the algorithm to20mm and 110mm rectangular void. In addition tospectral matching, information on the extreme values of
the time waveform and comparison of the spectral
centroid of the theoretical value with that of the measured
value enable highly accurate estimation of the void
thickness at a lower computational cost.

Depth(mm)2mm void

Depth(mm)

Estimated thickness (Avg.): 22mm Estimated thickness (Avg.): 114mm

Distance(mm)Distance(mm)𝜀𝑐 = 6.5

Figure 3. Estimation of rectangular void thickness of
20mm and 110mm by the algorithm
3. CONCLUSIONS
By focusing on both the frequency responce and time
waveform of the reflected wave, I succeeded inquantitatively estimating the void thickness even with avery weak signal compared to a rebar.
REFERENCES[1] Thanop Thitimakorn etal., Subsurface void detection
under the road surface using ground penetratingradar (GPR), a case study in the Bangkok
metropolitan area, Thailand, Geo-Engineering (2016)
7:2[2] Pedret Rodés J., Pérez-Gracia V., Martínez-Reguero
A., Evaluation of the GPR frequency spectra inasphalt pavement assessment, Construction and
Building Materials 96 (2015) 181–188

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EARTHQUAKE AND RAINFALL INDUCED LANDSLIDE HAZARD ASSESSMENT OFKUTUPALONG ROHINGYA CAMP USING METEOROLOGICAL AND GEOLOGICALINFORMATIONANIKA SAMM-A1, A. S. M. MAKSUD KAMAL2, MD. ZILLUR RAHMAN2
Research associate, Dept. of Disaster Science and Climate Resilience, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
2
Professor, Dept. of Disaster Science and Climate Resilience, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Correspond to ANIKA SAMM-A (anikasamma@gmail.com)
Keywords: Monte-Carlo simulation, Landslide, factor of safety
1

STUDY AREA
Figure 1. Kutupalong Rohingya CampMETHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK
Figure 2. Methodological framework for the study

RESULT
Figure 3: Landslide-prone areas for different return period.
Monte- Carlo Simulation

Direct estimation

1
Day

2
Day

4
Day

8
Day

1
Day

2
Day

4
Day

8
Day

50

9

11

14

24

8

10

13

23

75

10

11

15

25

8

10

14

24

100

10

11

15

26

9

10

14

25

200

11

14

19

35

9

12

17

34

475

12

15

21

40

11

13

20

39

Return Period (years)

INTRODUCTION
Landslide is a common hazard in mountainous areas
with severe impacts. Both rainfall (intense and prolonged)
and earthquakes can trigger these events [1]. Kutupalong
rohingya camp area lies in a region within the seismic
Zone-II In monsoon, the camp experiences prolonged
intensified rainfall just like the rest of Bangladesh, mainlyin June-July month. With rainfall incidents, the pore waterpressure within the soil increases and shear strength
decreases. This study considers both earthquake andrainfall as contributing factors; takes into account the
duration of rainfall, designs the physical property
parameters with Monte-Carlo simulation and IDW
interpolation, finds the landslide-prone areas throughMonte-Carlo simulation and direct calculation; finallycompare their results. Monte Carlo simulation has beenchosen for the study to address the uncertainty issue
regarding the physical property parameters. The
simulation considers random values from any probabilistic
distribution rather than grabbing one specific value. Using
this simulation, the study has dealt with the uncertainty ofsoil physical property parameters as well.

CONCLUSIONCamp no 17, 20, and 20 extension are found to have asignificant amount of vulnerable areas at all the hazard
scenario combinations owing to their curvature pattern(more convex or concave planes compared to othercamps).
The study has executed a validation test using thelandslide inventory of previously occurred ones, showingthat the ROC curves possess AUC values ranging from
85% to 93% for all the assessed scenarios at different
confidence levels. The study's findings can be adopted forrisk-sensitive land-use planning of the camp area.
REFERENCE[1] Terzaghi RD, Voight B (1979) Karl terzaghi on
rockslides: The perspective of a half-century. Dev Geotech
Eng 14:111–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-44441508-0.50010-7

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ESTIMATION OF SUBSURFACE PIPES USING 3D RADAR IMAGES
1

S. YOTSUMOTO, 2 T. MIZUTANI, & 3 T. IMAI
1 nd

2 -year Master Student, 31st-year Master Student
Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,
Correspond to 2Assoc. Prof. T. Mizutani (mizu-t@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp)
Keywords: Ground Penetrating Radar, Digital Signal Processing
1. GENERAL INSTRCUTIONS
The maintenance and management of undergroundburied pipes, whose total length is more than 1 million km
in Japan alone, is an urgent issue in social and security
related terms. A serious road collapse in Fukuoka, Japan,
in 2016 shows the effect of aged buried piped onsubterranean soil stability. Therefore, it is crucial toanalytically estimate the features of underground pipes
and subterranean space.
Ground penetrating radar, or GPR, is a geophysicalmethod to survey subsurface using radar pulses. This
study employs 3D radar images of subsurface collected bya GPR-equipped vehicle, which can scan road subsurface
at 50km/h.
Yamaguchi et al (2020) [1] proposes the combination of
CNN-based algorithm and an inverse analysis using
Kirchhoff migration to detect underground buried, but its
low precision, i.e., plenty of false positives against few
true positive, prevents its applicability to real roadsubsurface data. In this context, the aims of the study are:• to develop an algorithm that can distinguish true
positives from false positive• to clarify 3D layouts of subsurface pipes, including
depth, direction, slope and size.
• to clarify the effectiveness of three-dimensional
digital signal processing, including 3D spatial
frequency filters and edge detection.
2. MEDHODOLOGY & RESULTS
Theoretically [2], GPR reflection is hyperbolic because
the round-trip time of pulses corresponds to the depth (Z)of target objects at each scan position (X). The spatial
depth 𝑍𝑍 is a function of time 𝑡𝑡 , light velocity 𝑐𝑐0 in
vacuum and relative permittivity of soil 𝜀𝜀.
𝑐𝑐0
𝑍𝑍 2 = 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑ℎ2 + 𝑋𝑋 2 𝑤𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑍𝑍 =𝑡𝑡
2√𝜀𝜀

Figure 1 The theory of depth estimation in a GPR image

The equation 1 shows the simplest model ofdetermination of depth of target pipes, but pipe radii, thethickness of air layer, and the inhomogeneity of soil
relative permittivity need to be integrated into models formore accurate estimation.
As illustrated below, the algorithm proposed in thisresearch is a multi-step processing. Firstly, original 3D
radar images are filtered in frequency domain as a resultof Fourier Transform. Secondly, generated theoretical
hyperbolic images are examined to filtered radar images
to find hyperbolas that fit best the images. The theoretical
hyperbolas generated based on target spatial depth andrelative permittivity provide the information on the 3D
layout of buried pipes.

Figure 2 illustrates the process of radar images, composed offrequency filtering, edge detection and fitting.

3. CONCLUSIONSThe study demonstrates the feasibility of accurate
estimation of subsurface
pipes using digital signal
processing of 3D radar
images. High resolution of
3D radar images and designof 3D spatial frequency
filters are important key
factors to accurately estimate
subsurface characteristics.
Also, the study implies thatthe size of GPR antenna and Figure 1. This is 3D
the radius of underground layout of a hyperbolic
pipes affects accuracy of reflection as a result of
the processing.
estimation.
REFERENCES[1] T. Yamaguchi, Automatic 3-D Localization of Utility
Pipes and Void from Ground Penetrating Radar Signals byDeep Learning and Digital Signal Processing, Doctoral
Dissertation, 2020.
[2] Raffaele Persico, Introduction to Ground Penetrating
Radar Inverse Scattering and Data Processing., IEEE
Press, New Jersey, 2014.

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AMBIENT SEISMIC NOISE LEVELS IN THE BENGAL BASIN, BANGLADESH
N. ZANNAT1, A. H. FARAZI2, ASM M. KAMAL1, M. Z. RAHMAN1, and M. S. HOSSAIN1
1

Department of Disaster Science and Climate Resilience, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
2
Department of Geology and Mining, University of Barishal, Barishal-8200, Bangladesh
Correspond to Shakhawat Hossain (sahkhawat@dsm.du.ac.bd)

Keywords: Seismic ambient noise, Power spectral density, temporal variation of noise, Seismic station performance
1. BACKGROUND
Ambient seismic noises are small-amplitude groundvibrations generated by anthropogenic (transport,
manufacturing) or natural sources such as, wind, oceanicand coastal waves that are permanently recorded by theseismogram. Contamination of the seismographrecordings by SAN energy makes it difficult to analyze
data for earthquake monitoring by reducing the signal tonoise ratio. In this study we quantify SAN levels in the
Bengal Basin to observe their geographical and temporalvariation. The seismic stations, used herein, were
deployed temporarily from 2007 to 2010 and 2010 to 2015
for evaluating the tectonically active BB. This study,
additionally, brings a scope of evaluating performance of
these stations.

3. RESULTS

Figure 2. Distribution of Probabilistic Power Spectral
Density (PPSD) plots for the 11 seismic stations

2. METHOD
Selection of seismic Station
Time series data Acquisition
Preparing code for data processing
PPSD plot

Noise
Energy andstation
Performance

Literature Review
Study ofinstrumentation
Noise source
identification

Spectrogram

Diurnalandweeklyvariation
noise power

Figure 1. Methodological Framework of the studyof

Figure 3. Spectrogram for the 11 seismic stations
4. CONCLUSIONS
Within 20-30 s period band, SAN energy might be related
to thermal variation and/or poor performance of sensors
as at some stations PSDs are exceeding the NHNM.
Within 10-20 s period band, some stations exhibit that
PSDs are exceeding the NHNM. The 1-10 s period bandis also characterized by high energy and eventual
occurrence of the PSDs above the NHNM for somestations, whereas at some stations the PSDs are within the
NHNM and NLNM. Within the 0.02-1 s period band, highenergies above the NHNM are observed which could bepossibly related either poor sensor performance or noise
generated from power supplying generators.
5. REFERENCES

Figure 2 Features of PPSD plot[1]McNamara, D. E., & Buland, R. P. (2004). Ambient noise levels in
the continental United States. Bulletin of the Seismological Society ofAmerica, 94(4), 1517–1527. https://doi.org/10.1785/012003001[2]Grecu, B., Neagoe, C., Tataru, D., Borleanu, F., & Zaharia, B. (2018).
Analysis of seismic noise in the Romanian-Bulgarian cross-borderregion.
JournalofSeismology,
22(5),
1275–1292.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-018-9767-49:5

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HAZARD INDEX AND POTENTIAL CANCER RISK OF HEAVY METALS IN THE
GROUNDWATER OF BANGLADESH
L. MAHZABIN1, A.B. IQBAL1,2, M.M. RAHMAN3
1

Undergraduate student, Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Bangladesh,2
Graduate student, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway,
3
Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Bangladesh,
Correspond to M.M. Rahman (mohammad.rahman@northsouth.edu)

Keywords: Hazard index, potential cancer risk, groundwater, heavy metals
1. INTRODUCTION
Bangladesh is heavily dependent on groundwater
sources for drinking purposes as the amount of fresh
surface water is decreasing. Groundwater is the primarysource of drinking water for 144 million inhabitants of
Bangladesh. Studies have found that around 35-77 million
people in Bangladesh are at risk of drinking contaminatedwater.
An insight into the overall health risk from different
groundwater constituents, especially heavy metals, is vitalfor the sustainability of groundwater.
2. OBJECTIVES To present a nationwide Health Risk assessmentof Bangladesh groundwater based on population
density by calculating Hazard Index (HI) andPotential Cancer risk (PCR).
 To investigate the relation of HI and PCR with
Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) in children andadults.
3. METHODS
Databases used for the study
A publicly available dataset from UNICEF [1] was used
for the study which included:
 2923 groundwater samples
 2330 from shallow tube wells (STW, depth<150m)
 573 from deep tube wells (DTW, depth >150m)
 5 heavy metals - arsenic, cadmium, chromium,lead, and nickel.
Equations used for calculation
 Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) [2,3,4]
𝐶 ×𝐼𝑅𝑊×𝐸𝐹 ×𝐸𝐷
𝐶𝐷𝐼 = 𝑊 𝐵𝑊 ×𝐴𝑇(1)
 Hazard Index (HI) [5,6]
𝐶𝐷𝐼
𝐻𝑄 = 𝑅𝑓𝐷 (2)

𝐻𝐼 = ∑ 𝐻𝑄 (3)Potential Cancer Risk (PCR) [2,7,8]
𝑃𝐶𝑅 = 𝐶𝐷𝐼 × 𝑆𝐹 (4)3. CONCLUSIONS The groundwater of Bangladesh is at a high riskof Cadmium, Arsenic and Nickel contaminationin decreasing order of severity, which might leadto cancer.
 DTWs were relatively safer than STWs.
 PCR increases slightly with CDI in adults
 Children are at a greater risk compared to adults.

Figure 1 Map of HI from STWs & DTWs in Groundwaterof Bangladesh
REFERENCES[1] Johnston, R., & Zheng, Y. (2009). Bangladesh
national drinking water quality survey. 105.
[2] Ezugwu, C. K., Onwuka, O. S., Egbueri, J. C.,
Unigwe, C. O., & Ayejoto, D. A. (2019). Multi-criteria
approach to water quality and health risk assessments ina rural agricultural province, southeast Nigeria.
[3] Mgbenu, C. N., & Egbueri, J. C. (2019). The
hydrogeochemical signatures, quality indices and healthrisk assessment of water resources in Umunya district,southeast Nigeria. Applied Water Science, 9(1).
[4] US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).
(1989). Risk Assessment: Guidance for Superfund
Volume 1 Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part A).
[5] Li, P., Li, X., Meng, X., Li, M., & Zhang, Y. (2016).
Appraising Groundwater Quality and Health Risks fromContamination in a Semiarid Region of Northwest
China. Exposure and Health.
[6] Zhang, Y., Wu, J., & Xu, B. (2018). Human healthrisk assessment of groundwater nitrogen pollution in
Jinghui canal irrigation area of the loess region,
northwest China. Environmental Earth Sciences.
[7] Rahman, M. M., Islam, M. A., Bodrud-Doza, M.,
Muhib, M. I., Zahid, A., Shammi, M., Tareq, S. M., &Kurasaki, M. (2018). Spatio-Temporal Assessment of
Groundwater Quality and Human Health Risk: A Case
Study in Gopalganj, Bangladesh. Exposure and Health,10(3), 167–188.
[8] Ukah, B. U., Egbueri, J. C., Unigwe, C. O., & Ubido,
O. E. (2019). Extent of heavy metals pollution and healthrisk assessment of groundwater in a densely populatedindustrial area, Lagos, Nigeria. International Journal ofEnergy and Water Resources, 3(4), 291–303.

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EXPLORATION OF GUT MICROBIOME IN IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME PATIENTS IN
BANGLADESH USING WHOLE GENOME METAGENOMIC ANALYSIS
S. K. SHAKIL1, M. M. RAHAMAN2, D. J. Gomes3
PhD Fellow, Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
3
Professor, Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
Correspond to M.M. RAHAMAN (razu002@du.ac.bd)
Keywords: Irritable bowel syndrome, microbiome, metagenomics, microbiota
12

1. INTRODUCTION
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the mostprevailing functional gastrointestinal condition
worldwide. Most epidemiological studies showed
psychiatric comorbidities in patients such as anxiety,depression, and neuroticism for IBS and IBSassociated diseases [1]. In recent times, there has
been considerable medical interest in the role of the
microbiome in the development of IBS and studies
showed that the gut-microbial composition of IBS
patients is different compared to a healthy individuals[2]. The focus of this study was to explore potential
differences in microbiota in IBS patients (n= 5)
compared to a healthy group (n= 5) utilizing wholegenome metagenomics.

In beta diversity analysis, significant difference withworld dataset was observed. Prevotella copri is themost abundant species in healthy individuals in
Bangladesh accounting 48.18% to 72.77%, whereas it
estimates 2.44% to 23.22% in the IBS patients.
Reduced number of Prevotella copri may be replacedwith more diverse harmful bacteria that cause
dysbiosis in the IBS patients. Gram-negative genera
such as Klebsiella, Phocaeicola, and Bacteroides,
were more predominant in IBS patients compared tocontrols.

2. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe Sheikh Russel Gastroliver Institute &Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka was selected as the siteof sample collection. QIAamp Power Fecal Pro DNA
Kit was used to extract DNA from the fecal material.
Illumina-based shotgun sequencing was done andIllumina processing program was used to filter short,
mixed, and low-quality reads from raw sequence data.
Following that, sequence read was analyzed by using
different bioinformatic tools and R program.
3. RESULTS:
The IBS patients had diverse microbiota
compared to healthy controls, and their diversity was
attributed to harmful bacterial species. The resultsfrom this study were further compared with publicly
available world dataset.

Figure 2: Prevotella copri is the most abundantspecies from Bangladeshi healthy individuals
4. CONCLUSION:
From the analyzed data we have foundmicrobial community pattern are similar for thecontrol samples but the microbial marker for disease
was ambiguous with this small number of samples.
The study established an advanced protocol to study
the gut microbiome in Bangladesh. The promisingfindings of this pilot study warrant further extended
study with more samples from IBS patients andhealthy individuals to reveal the signature
microbiome and functional markers for the diagnosis
and treatment of the disease.
REFERENCES:[1] Michael VS, El Hamady MM, El-Bakry ST and MMS
Awd 2018. A study of psychiatric comorbidities in irritablebowel syndrome. Egyp. J. Psychi. 39(3):140.

Figure 1: Beta diversity analysis with world dataset[2] Lacy BE, Mearin F, Chang L, Chey WD, Lembo AJ,
Simren M, Spiller R. Bowel disorders. Gastroenterology.
2016 May 1;150(6):1393-407.

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PREPARING TWO COLUMN PAPER WITH MS WORD THE AFTERMATH OF THE
FLOOD CRISIS ON THE ULTRA-POOR AND POOR COMMUNITIES IN BANGLADESH:
EFFECTS ON HEALTH, NUTRITION AND ECONOMY OF THE DISASTER AFFECTEDPOPULATION
S.M. DEWAN1
1Student, Institute of Health Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Correspond to S.M. Dewan(shirajummunira-2017918804@ihe.du.ac.bd)
Keywords: Bangladesh, floods, health, nutrition, economy, poor, ultra-poor.
BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATIONThis study analyses how the month-long flood had adetrimental effect on the public health, nutrition andeconomic situation of the rural ultra-poor and poor
population in the northern parts of Bangladesh. It
seeks to explore the damaging consequences of thedevastating floods on health, nutrition, food safety,
economy and social security in the rural ultra-poor andpoor families. Our aim behind the study is to act as acatalyst in helping the victims of this natural disasterby informing policymakers and members of academia
as it tried to measure the harmful results of the June
2022 floods on the livelihoods, nutrition and physicalhealth of the disaster affected rural ultra-poor and poor.

METHODThe study uses primary data (quantitative) from asurvey conducted on 100 beneficiary families of thegovernment institution Palli Karma Sahayak
Foundation (PKSF) and non-profit organization
SAJIDA Foundation during June 2022. SAJIDA
Foundation launched a project to aid those affected byrecurring floods and river erosion brought on bychanges in the Jamuna and Brahmaputra rivers, incollaboration with PKSF and the World Bank.1
Respondents belong from this project’s enlisted
households. The survey uses a structured
questionnaire including multiple sets of questions.

RESULTS
Nearly 61% households have reported that at least
one member was affected by an infectious disease.
Infectious diseases include cholera, diarrhoea,
dysentery, skin diseases along with several otherwater borne diseases. At least one member from 42%of the respondent households have paid a visit to theUpazila Health Complex once for treatment
purpose.52% households claimed not to possess

adequate food supply for the next 1 month. 29% of
the households did not possess enough supply for aweek. This greatly impacts the nutritional state of thesuffering families.57% of households reported atleast one earning member became unemployed due tothe flood. 34% of the families had at least one
member with a stable income. Due to the disaster,
69% households have significantly lesser (p<=0.01)
income than before.

CONCLUSION
For the rural poor in northern Bangladesh, the floodsof June 2022 brought about a variety of challenges.
Because of the flooding, infectious diseases are now
more likely to spread. Due to the limited food supply
in the affected areas, which has led community
members into malnutrition, the food safety has also
been severely harmed. The catastrophe has led tolower incomes and a shortage of unemployment.

REFERENCE[1] SAJIDA Foundation. 2022. Response During Flood(Tidal and Heavy Rain Fall).SAJIDA Foundation
https://sajidafoundation.org/response-during-flood/067ÿ789:;9;<=>ÿ?=:7@A7=B7:ÿ?Cÿ067ÿDA=7ÿEFEEÿ5G??H:ÿ<=ÿ9=>G9H7:6

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q3'ÿ,ÿropq,sÿÿqt04tÿ,ÿ/ÿÿ'ÿ&&QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT ON EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AMONG ACADEMICS,
MINISTRIES AND PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS
A. ERSHAD1, A. S. M. WOOBAIDULLAH2, S. S. TASNIM3
1

Student, Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Professor (On LPR), Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh

2
3Lecturer, Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Keywords: Qualitative earthquake preparedness assessment, Structured questionnaire-based assessment, postearthquake response, Meta-analysis
1. INTRODUCTION
Earthquake has one of the deadliest potential natural
disasters in terms of affecting a country’s life andeconomic assets (Alipour et al, 2014). Qualitative
studies help the policymakers, and the ministries tomake more informed decisions to find out the gaps inrisk management and threats which in turn promotes
restructuring and strengthening of the post-earthquake
response system, such as relief systems, and healthcare
services (Ren et al, 2020).
2. METHODOLOGYThis research accumulates detailed data andsophisticated summarization of current mitigation,
preparedness, and response system for both government
and academic sector activities concerning potential
earthquake risk in Bangladesh. Since this is ongoing
research a holistic depiction of the current capacity,strengths, and shortcomings will be done and theresearch
will
produceunequivocal
futurerecommendations for earthquake risk management in
the sector of research, policy-planning structure,
mitigation, preparedness, and awareness in Bangladesh.
A synoptic qualitative study-based framework will beformed depicting comprehensive situation analysis fromthe perspective of research activity, funding allocation,
policy plan formulation and implementation, skilled
personnel availability, training, and awareness level.
Meta-analysis has been done to understand earthquake
prediction-based research policy and planningdocumentation for mitigation, adaptation, and response.
Secondary data and documents have been reviewed
earthquake risk assessment-based relevant institutionalguideline, international articles consisting successful
earthquake, preparedness measures. Structured
questionnaire formulation for individual sectors andinterview is ongoing considering the key personnel fromsenior researchers from academia, senior government
employees, NGO’s and the gathered information will be

used to find out the strengths, weaknesses and gap of EQ
disaster management in Bangladesh and finally
framework will be developed.
3.

OUTCOME ASSUMPTIONSThere are two possible outcome scenarios that can beassumed from this research. The first likely situation
would be a very good collaboration between
academicians, ministry, and NGO’s but lack of funding,technology and institutional management for EQ in
Bangladesh, the second scenario might be the individual
sectors are very strong on their own, but thecollaboration between these institution is not strong
enough to create a resilient earthquake preparedness andmanagement and most importantly follow-up of
management system in Bangladesh, for example, thetraining facilities are properly given to the designatedemployees, other than that the availability of the funding
for the research is also can be an issue.
4. CONCLUSION
This study is aiming to minutely determine theseweaknesses and gaps between the academic, ministerial
and private institutions to strengthen the earthquake
preparedness and management system in Bangladesh.
REFERENCES[1]. Alipour, F., Khankeh, H. R., Fekrazad, H.,
Kamali, M., Rafiey, H., Foroushani, P. S., ... &Ahmadi, S. (2014). Challenges for resuming
normal life after earthquake: a qualitative study
on rural areas of Iran. PLoS currents, 6.
[2]. Ren, Z., Guo, J., & Yang, C. (2020). Loss ofhomeland: a qualitative study of the changes inperception of relocated Sichuan earthquake
survivorswithposttraumaticstressdisorder. BMC psychiatry, 20(1), 1-11.

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RIVERBANK EROSION AND LOCAL ADAPTATION: THE CONTEXT OF CHAR
AREAS IN BANGLADESH
M. A. HOSSAIN1 and K. A. SONIA1
1

Graduate Student, Department of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Correspond to M. A. Hossain (s5th-2015916303@dps.du.ac.bd)

Keywords: Flood, Riverbank Erosion, Adaptation Strategies. Migration, Char, Bangladesh
1. BACKGROUNDRiverbank erosion is a gradual and silent disaster thatranks at the top in terms of losses incurred in Bangladesh,
where 30-40% of the entire population lives near riverbanks or on river islands (char) [1,2]. The majority ofriverbank erosion research focuses on the disaster's risks
and consequences. Though some studies investigate
various adaptation techniques adopted by the erosionaffected populations in char regions, these were very
context-specific. This study intended to offer acomprehensive picture of riverbank erosion in Bangladesh
by stock-taking research conducted so far and examinevarious local adaption strategies used by people living inchar areas of Bangladesh.
2. METHODOLOGY
A secondary literature review was used in this study.
The findings are based on a content analysis of selectedriverbank erosion studies in Bangladesh. Search strategies
for literature included PubMed, Google, and Google
Scholar. All of the following keywords were used inadvanced searching: ‘riverbank erosion’, ‘adaptation’,‘coping strateg*’, ‘riverbank erosion-induced migration’,‘migration’, ‘Char’, and ‘Bangladesh’ in conjugation with
Boolean algebra (AND, OR). Additional descriptive data
were gathered from reports of the Bangladesh Water
Development Board (BWDB).
3. FINDINGSThe most erosion-prone area in Bangladesh was
Sirajganj district. In addition, some coastal areas, some
districts of Dhaka and Mymensingh, and the northernparts of Bangladesh were more prone to riverbank erosion.
Riverbank erosion-induced displaced people tended todevise and undertake corrective rather than preventive
strategies to adapt to their hazardous riverine environment[3,4]. While preventive measures were adopted in the predisaster phase, corrective strategies were adopted during
or after the hazard. As a result of erosion, migration was
typically a forced choice rather than a voluntary
adaptation strategy. The majority of char residents stay
put locally. Most often, they move between nearby or
adjacent chars. On average, people displaced by riverbank
erosion resided on more than six chars [4].
We found three types of migration among people
affected by riverbank erosion in char areas: permanent,
temporary, and cyclical migration, which could be
attributed to a variety of environmental factors [5]. People
tended to stay in their positions until or unless the risks
made it impossible to stay. In such cases, short-distancetemporary migration was usually preferred, but if thedamage or loss was severe, the affected people
permanently migrated to preferred locations. In times ofhardship, cyclical migration was used to find work. When
deciding whether to migrate, erosion-affected people
considered a variety of environmental, social, economic,
and political push/pull factors [1,6]. The fight againstriverbank erosion appeared to be a problem for those who
were exposed and affected, with some assistance fromvarious NGOs, but little concern from the government.
4. CONCLUSIONS
Bangladesh is facing a major threat from riverbank
erosion. This situation is even more concerning because it
has long-term consequences for people's lives, making
them vulnerable. Local governments should take the leadin reducing vulnerability and providing faster and more
efficient responses. Given the magnitude of thisphenomenon and the number of people at risk, riverbank
erosion adaptation strategies should be planned morecomprehensively and effectively so that losses can be
minimized and people can resume their normal lives.
REFERENCES[1] M.S. Islam, S. Sultana, M. Saifunnahar, M.A. Miah,
Adaptation of char livelihood in flood and river erosion
areas through indigenous practice: a study on Bhuapur
riverine area in Tangail, J. Environ. Sci. Nat. Resour. 7(2014) 13–19.
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NEXUS BETWEEN DISASTER AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES:
EXPERIENCE FROM RECENT FLOOD IN BANGLADESH
T. CHAKMA1, M.B. LATIF2 and S.S. NOVA3
123

MSS student, Institute of Health Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh,
Correspond to T. Chakma (tishachakma44@gmail.com)

Keywords: Disaster, Flood, Infectious diseases, Sylhet, Bangladesh
1. INTRODUCTION
Natural disaster is one of the major causes of deaths indeveloping countries [1]. Recently, massive flood has
ravaged in the northeastern part of Bangladesh, mainly in
Sylhet division. This study attempts to explore whether
there is increased rate of infectious diseases after theflood.
2. OBJECTIVE
This study aims to explore the nexus between recent
flood and causing of infectious diseases in Sylhet,
Bangladesh.

Figure 1. Flooding in Sylhet, Bangladesh
3. METHODOLOGYThis study has conducted both qualitative andquantitative analysis. All districts of Sylhet division were
included in the study area. Quantitative data was
obtained from MIS, Directorate General of HealthService. Qualitative data were collected throughtelephone interviews with several Upazila Health &Family Planning Officers (UHFPOs).
4. FINDINGS
Flood causes water contamination resulting in
epidemics of water-borne diseases. The flooding ofSylhet division has damaged more than 12,000 tube
wells. As a result, people are consuming contaminateddrinking water and suffering from diarrheal disease.
The study revealed that people in Sylhet division aremostly affected with watery diarrhea and the main causeof diarrhea is viral infection. According to qualitativeinterviews, rotavirus is the common type of organism inmost of the diarrheal cases in Sylhet.

Habiganj
Moulvibazar
Sunamganj
Sylhet

14
182
188

427

Post-flood

462

cases
Pre-flood

477
418
630

cases

0
1000
Figure 2. Comparison of incident of diarrheal cases, preflood (March 16-May 16, 2022) and post-flood (May 19July19, 2022)
It was observed that the incidence of diarrheal disease
after flood is more than double before flood in two
districts of Sylhet (Moulvibazar and Habiganj) (Figure 2).
On the contrary, in two other districts (Sylhet andSunamganj), the number of cases are increasing after
flood but the number is comparatively lower than preflood situation (Figure2). There is no study as to why the
number of diarrheal cases was higher before pre-flood
situation. But from qualitative interviews with UHFPOs
it was revealed that the post-flood cases were lower due
to steps taken by the authority during flood such as
distribution of water purification tablet, implementationof water treatment plant, and medical campaign.
From qualitative interviews, it was found that before
the flood most of the patients at Upazila Health Complex
came with the symptoms of fever, pneumonia, cough, TB,
and diarrhea. However, after the flood the patients withdiarrhea, skin diseases and fever increased significantly.
5. CONCLUSIONSThis study has quantified the impact of recent flood on
infectious diseases in Sylhet, Bangladesh, using a mixed
method approach. Results suggest that floods canincrease the prevalence of infectious diseases mainly
diarrhea due to consuming contaminated drinking waterin the study areas. However, from the incidents of two
districts (Sylhet and Sunamganj), it can be concluded
that infectious diseases can be reduced with proper
precautions taken by the authority. Thus, this should be apolicy consideration in future.
REFERENCES[1] Claude de Ville de Goyet, Ricardo Zapata Marti, andClaudio Osorio, Natural Disaster Mitigation and Relief,
Disease Control Priorities in Development Countries,
2nd ed. Oxford University press, New York, 2006, pp.
1147-1162.

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UTILITIES OF SMART CITIES SERVICES FOR BLIND PERSONS IN INDIA: THE
EDUCATIONAL PERSPECTIVES
Chandan Singh1, Ravindra Kr. Kushwaha2,

Research Scholar, Department of Education, Manipur International
University, Imphal, India
Research Scholar, Department of Education, CSJM University
Kanpur, India
Correspondence To: specialeducationbhu@gmail.com
Keywords: Smart Cities, People with Disabilities, Blind Persons, Assistive Technology, Internet ofThings, Accessibility.
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of thisresearch is to determine how utilities smart cities
services might help blind people in India become
more included in society. Technologies havebeen used by smart cities in a number of areas toenhance the provision of public services,
respond to citizen needs, and track the use ofnatural resources. Smart Cities projects, which
aim to improve citizens' quality of life overall,have already improved how blind people engage
with urban areas, services, and other blind
people in mobilization for blind.
OBJECTIVES: To include blind people in thebenefits of smart cities, we first suggested theconcept of an inclusive smart city, which uses
smart city technologies to improve the urban
experience for persons with disabilities whileremoving accessibility hurdles in urban areas.
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY:
To
accomplish this, we started using a multiinstrument approach to gather data from various
stakeholders, including people with disabilities,
professionals who work with people withdisabilities, including blinds, accessibilityrelated experts, and policymakers. Our goal wasto understand the challenges that people withdisabilities face when they are moving aroundthe city, the solutions they use to address
unforeseen issues, and how they interact withothers.
FINDINGS & DISCUSSION: With the
Inclusive Smart City's vision in mind, we
proposed some tools to assist practitioners andresearchers working on the creation of digitalurban assistive technologies: a list of
specifications, a political structure, animplementation/operation
methodology,abusiness model, a conceptual model, and asystem architecture. By interacting withinclusive smart items that are present in urban
environments, persons with disabilities are able

to learn more about their surroundings,
according to the conceptual model we presented.
This information enables them to navigate andexperience cities in novel ways. In inclusive
smart cities, inclusive smart objects offer useradapted information and services to persons withdisabilities while putting an emphasis on thepeople's skills rather than their disabilities.
CONCLUSION: Users in a simulated circuit
were given location-based information andservices about the object linked to each codewhen they read it. The participants gave the
Urban Assist application positive feedback andacknowledged the value of the resources andfeatures it offered, which gave them a creativeinterface to explore the urban area in a fresh,
safe, and efficient manner. In conclusion, thisnew technology has the potential to enhance theindependence and autonomy of those withdisabilities in urban settings as well as give them
the tools they need to be active members ofsociety.
REFERENCES:[1] De Oliveira Neto, J. S., & Kofuji, S. T.
(2016). Inclusive Smart City: An Exploratory
Study. In Universal Access in Human-Computer
Interaction.
Interaction
Techniques
andEnvironments (p. 456–465). Springer, Cham.
[2] De Oliveira Neto, João Soares, et al. "When
Wearable Computing Meets Smart Cities:
Assistive Technology Empowering Persons
With Disabilities." Examining Developments
and Applications of Wearable Devices inModern Society. IGI Global, 2018. 58-85.
[3] De Oliveira Neto, J. S., & Kofuji, S. T.
(2016). Inclusive Smart City: Expanding design
possibilities for persons with disabilities in theurban space. In 2016 IEEE International
Symposium on Consumer Electronics (ISCE) (p.
59–60).
[4] Smart Cities for All. (2017). Smart Cities for
All Toolkit. Retrieved December 11, 2017.

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TERRITORIAL AGGLOMERATION IN DHOLAIKHAL: A MATERIAL FLOW ANALYSISPERSPECTIVE
T.B. MASUD1, M.M. HOSSAIN2, and M. SUJAUDDIN3
Undergraduate Student, Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Dhaka,Bangladesh

1

Professor, Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Dhaka,Bangladesh
Correspond to T.B. MASUD (tasnim.masud@northsouth.edu)

2

3

Keywords: territorial agglomeration, material flow analysis, metal recycling, end of life vehicle, automobile scrap
BACKGROUND
Over the past few decades, the automotive market in
Bangladesh has become a thriving sector in the lightengineering industry with ever-growing demand for autoparts. Currently Dholaikhal is the largest informal market
of end-of-life auto-parts within the country, where over
4,000-5,000 shops have emerged over the years, with
30,000-40,000 staff employed [1].

RESULTS
Annually, 63,910 tons of steel and iron parts and scrap
enter Dholaikhal, with an output of 48,052 tons. The
corresponding number for aluminum is 56,600 tons and30,382 tons, respectively. Roughly 8,465 tons of steel
and/or iron and 7,235 tons of aluminum scrap are recycled
every year.

Figure 2: Material flow analysis of steel and/or iron in
Dholaikhal system boundary, FY2020-2021
Figure 1: A sixty-year old man breaking a gearbox; he has
been employed in this industry for 30+ years.
Large percentage comprises of metal components,
notably steel, iron, and aluminum. Annually, Dholaikhal
deals with thousands of tons of these metallic parts, and asignificant amount of the metal scraps produced here act
as a resource for other industries. This has established a
network of exchanges where the by‐products of one
industry have become the raw resources for anotherthrough secondary processing.
RATIONALE
Although Bangladesh has made recent development
towards manufacturing domestically-made auto-parts,
there are no notable national initiatives to efficiently
utilize the recycling sector of the end-of-life vehicles(ELV) and improve secondary metal processing.
Therefore, this study unravels the inherence of Dholaikhal
in Bangladesh’s automobile industry, evaluating thepotential of metal recyclability and reusability within.
METHODOLOGY
Extensive field surveys and material flow analysis(MFA) have uncovered the patterns of in-use stocks andflows of the metals on five segments of a vehicle.

Figure 3: Collection of steel and/or iron and aluminum
scrap from within and outside Dholaikhal systemboundary, FY2020-2021
CONCLUSION
With the nation’s recent initiative towards
manufacturing auto-parts, institutionalizing Dholaikhal
can provide a feedstock of secondary metal resources in
the industry. However, such an initiative must have acarefully planned systemic framework through practical
reforms in institutional values to induce a sustainabletransition to a formal sector.
REFERENCES[1] Parveen, S. (2008, November 10). The 'magicians' of
Dholaikhal. The Daily Star. Retrieved from:https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-62625

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WHOLE GENOME ANALYSIS OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT Providencia
stuartii ISOLATED FROM BURN PATIENTS: THE EMERGENCE OF
bla NDM-1 CONFERRING RESISTANCE TO CARBAPENEMS
S.M. MONDOL1, J. FERDOUS2, M. AMIRRUZZAMAN3, H. M. SHAHJALAL4 and M. M.
RAHAMAN5
1
MS Thesis Student, Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
Medical Officer, Department of Microbiology, Sheikh Hasina National Institute of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Dhaka,Bangladesh.
3
Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Sir Salimullah Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
4
Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342,
Bangladesh.
5
Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
Correspond to M.M. RAHAMAN (razu002@du.ac.bd)

2

Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, Carbapenem, Providencia stuartii, Burn patients, Whole genome analysis
1. INTRODUCTION
Since Providencia stuartii (P. stuartii) is frequently
being reported worldwide for its ascending occurrence,high antimicrobial resistance pattern, infection rate aswell as mortality rates, it has become a matter ofconcern especially in case of immune-compromised
and burn patients[1]. Inadvertency toward thisinfectious opportunistic pathogen in Bangladesh,roused the importance and concernment to investigate
about this pathogen.

carbapenems which was explicable through theantibiogram, gene specific PCR and whole genome
analysis.

2. MATERIALS AND METHODSIn this study, 18 samples of wound swab werecollected from 18 burn patients admitted in Sheikh
Hasina National Institute of Burn and Plastic Surgery,
Dhaka, Bangladesh. 4 potential isolates identified as P.
stuartii through biochemical tests and molecularapproach were subjected to several phenotypic tests
including Antibiogram. Following that, one
carbapenem resistant and one carbapenem sensitive
isolate were subjected to whole genome sequencing
and analysis,
3. RESULTS:
The occurrence of P. stuartii was found to be
22.22% (4 within 18 samples/isolates) and all the 4
isolates of P. stuartii were proved to be multidrug
resistant (MDR). One isolate showed resistance to all
the 22 antibiotics tested including carbapenems. 3 outof 4 isolates were predicted to be producing
carbapenamase and also all the isolates showed strong
biofilm forming capability. The isolates showed
greater sensitivity in 0.1M metal solutions of Cu and
Zn. The whole genome analysis revealed the antibiotic
resistance genes, pathogenicity, virulence factors
genes (VFGs) and metabolic pathways. Also, bla NDM1 , a metallo beta lactamase gene was predicted to be
the responsible agent behind complete resistance toFigure 1: Genome map of an MDR P.stuartii reported
in this study.
4. CONCLUSION:
This particular study constituted a pioneer report ofoccurrence of P. stuartii in burn patients in theperspective of Bangladesh and its pathogenicity alongwith antimicrobial resistance pattern throughconventional laboratory experiments and comparative
whole genome analysis. In order to determine themagnitude of this potential threat all over the country
rather than a particular hospital, a widespread andextensive study is required along with further researchand investigation about the virulence, pathogenicity
and antimicrobial resistance pattern of P. stuartii.
REFERENCES:[1]

J. Liu, R. Wang, and M. Fang, “Clinical and drug
resistance characteristics of Providencia stuartii
infections in 76 patients,” J. Int. Med. Res., vol. 48,
no. 10, 2020, doi: 10.1177/0300060520962296.

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A STUDY OF ECOLOGICAL BIODIVERSITY IN DUDHIA OF
DARJEELING DISTRICT, WESTBENGAL
M.D. HANIF1 AND R. CHOUDHURY2
1.
2.

Assistant professor, Department of Geography, Trinity B.Ed College, Siliguri, India.

PhD Scholar, Geography department, Coochbehar Panchanan Barma University, Coochbehar, India.

Keywords: Ecology, Biodiversity, Flora, and fauna, Ecosystem, Sustainable development. Man and Environmental
relationship.
1. ABSTRACT
The present investigation is an attempt to study of
ecological Biodiversity in dudhia of Darjeeling district.
Ecology enriches our world and is crucial for humanwellbeing and prosperity. It provides new knowledge ofthe independence between people and nurture that is vitalfor protection of our Environment, maintaining clean air
and water and sustaining biodiversity in a changing
climate. Ecology provides the essential basis for nature
conservation. Investigator were used to collect the dataprimary and secondary source and interactive to local
people’s. To find out the Ecological Biodiversity of anarea that concert ration of Water pollution, forest
degradation, landslide, land use, human settlements andplants and animals. So, maintaining a mosaic of habitats
ensure the survival of a rich variety of species.
2. BACGROUND
The surveyed area Dudhia is located on the outskirts ofSiliguri along the meandering Balason River. Situated at
an elevation of about 300m above the sea level. It is
extended between 26°47’ N and 88°18’ E. The river
Balason descends at this site through the interlocking
spurs in the north and takes the braided pattern. Dudhia issurrounded by some of the best tea gardens of the areasuch as Longview Tea Garden, Gyabari Tea Garden,
Panighatha Tea Graden. The climate of Dudhia resembles
to those of tarai region of the district. During summer it is
hot and humid and during winter it is cool and cold. It also
experience heavy rainfall during monsoon which also
sparks widespread flooding in the village. Soil here is lessfertile due to this agriculture is quite difficult to close
densely forest ecology, flora and fauna, like sal,paccasaj ,Chilaum, Maina, Simul, Gamari, Harra, Barrah, Amla etc.
Moist land is mainly occupied by Lampati, Mandam, Toon,
Champ, Pamsaj , Malagiri, Gokul, Tejpat, Angare etc. allplants, animals and micro-organism (Biotic components)
in the area functioning together with all of the non-living
physical (abiotic) factors at the environment. The forest
ecosystem is very important in dudhia. But recently
human interference in this area, human settlements,
deforestation, established of army camp, picnic spot. etc
and also effect of climate change, Air Pollution,
3. OBJECTIVES
Evaluate the present scenario and ecological biodiversityof Dudhia. • identify the flora and fauna of an area. •correlate the growth of population with the ecologicalbiodiversity of Dudhia. •To identify the ecologicalchanges. •To identify the physical, environmental andclimatic condition of the area.
•To identify problem
and challenges faced by people of Dudhia.
4. METHODOLOGY
Field observation was conducted in order to examine
natural vegetation, soil, climate, flora and fauna etc.
Purposive sampling methods were used for the selectionof key informant like were required. Relevant journal,
article, book etc.
3. CONCLUSIONS
The area has slowly become polluted due to humanactivities The dudhia region was systematically cleared
for settlements and tea plantations. Immediate attention
must be paid to control for the degradation of these naturalenvironment.
REFERENCES
Behera, M. D., Kushwaha, S. P. S., and Roy, P. S. (2002).
High plant endemism in an Indian hotspot—eastern
Himalaya. Biodivers. Conserv. 11, 669–682. Doi:
10.1023/A:1015596309833 •Singh J.S. and Kushwaha
SPS (2008) Forest biodiversity and its conservationin India, International Forestry Review 10: 292-304. •Winfree, R. (2013) Global change , biodiversity, andecosystem Services : What can we learn from studies ofpollination? Basic and Applied Ecology. 14 (6), pp. 453–
460.

Fig. Ecological Biodiversity in Dudhia

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9 &ÿÿÿ#ÿ!!ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ2ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ"ÿ
9 "ÿÿÿ"!

APPENDIX
1. Field Study
Field

Field and study

Climate change and green recovery

5

Disaster and infectious disease7

Ecology and environmental impact
of human public health11

Remote sensing and GIS

5

Climate change and green recovery
Disaster and infectious disease

Structural and geotechnical

Ecology and environment impact of human public healthengineering for human safety

4Transportation and human mobility

2Remote sensing and GIS
Structural and geotechnical engineering for human safety34

2. Nationality

Nationality

Nationality
Bangladeshi

26

Nepalese

1

Taiwan1

Chinese

1

Japan

3

Indian

2
34

30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Bangladeshi

3. Affiliation

Nepalese

TaiwanChineseJapan

Affiliation

Affiliation
University of Dhaka

13

North South University

12

The University of Tokyo6

others334

4. Prefix
Mr

12

MS

21

others1
34

University of Dhaka

North South University

The University of Tokyo

othersIndianPHOTOS

Chairman: Prof. Wataru Takeuchi UTokyo,

Special Lecture:
Prof. Masahiro Hashizume, UTokyo.

Co-chairman: Prof.Dr. A S M Maksud Kamal , Univ. of Dhaka

Prof. Iqbal Kabir, MoHFWGroup photo on 9th December 2021

Group photo

Assoc. Prof. Tsuyoshi Minami, UTokyo

R E P O R T S
東大OHOW・ダッカ大学第１回合同学生セミナー
ワンヘルス・ワンワールド連携研究機構（OHOW）

は、８月３日（水）、４日（木）にウェビナー形式

でThe １st Joint Student Seminarを開催した。本所はバングラデシュの工学系大学のトップ校である

バングラデシュ工科大学（BUET）にリエゾンオフィスを設置しているが、今回は医学部を有する国立
ダッカ大学と初めて連携をした。

OHOW機構長である本所 竹内 渉 教授の開会挨拶ののち、本学 医学系研究科 橋爪 真弘 教授（国際保健学）、バングラデシュの Ministry of Health andFamily Welfare （MoHFW）のDr. Iqbal Kabir 教授（疫学と気候変動）、本所 南 豪 准教授（超分子材ない熱帯病（Neglected Tropical Diseases, NTDs）
に対する気候変動の影響評価、ベンガルトラなど野生生物と人間とのコンフリクトに関する調査研究、
ダッカ市内での交通・建設起源の大気汚染悪化と健康被害の関連分析、EV車普及に向けたマテリアルフ
ローとライフサイクルアセスメントに関する研究、

衛星リモートセンシングを用いたベンガル湾のマングローブと海面変動計測、プラスチックごみによるブラマプトラ川・ベンガル湾海洋汚染のモニタリン
グ、日本における気候変動と精神疾患との関連分

析、河川堆積物内のマイクロバイオーム・ゲノム分
析、バングラデシュの生態系保全とエコシステム

料デザイン）、ダッカ大学の研究担当副学長Dr. ASM
Maksud Kamal 教授 （災害マネジメント）が招待講

サービスの歴史的変遷に関する研究、日本での地中演を行なった。学生の発表は、バングラデシュから法、などが話題となった。ワンヘルス・ワンワール

はダッカ大学や私学の雄North South Univ.などから26件、インドは２件、日本は本学から６件の、合計34件 あった。 うち 21件が女子学生による発表であったことが印象的で、８分という短い発表時間にも関わらず、皆工夫して他分野の聴衆にもよく分かる素晴らしい発表であった。具体的には、顧みられ集合写真

レーダー（GPR）を用いた埋設物の健全性評価手ドという概念が対象とするヒト・動物・地球環境から社会が直面している様々なリスクについて理解するとともに、これらに対応するために関連学術分野
を総合的・協調的に発展させるための有意義な議論が行われた。

（人間・社会系部門 教授 竹内 渉）

セミナー後、今後の研究に関しての意見交換
上段左 竹内教授、Kamal 教授、下段左 南准教授、橋爪教授

橋爪教授、Kabir 教授、南准教授、Kamal 教授の特別講演

生研ニュース No.195

2022.10 11

One Health, One World (OHOW),
Institute of Industrial Science (IIS),The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)
BW604, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
153-8505
https://ohow.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/
ohow-sec@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
edited & photos by Eiko Yoshimoto
Issued in January 2023