Synthetic Evaluation of the effect of Su Zhou River comprehensive management policy
Tsukuba University DING Jielu
Tsukuba University HIGANO Yoshiro

Part1: Introduction of Su Zhou River basic situation
Su Zhou River is the second longest river in Shanghai. The source of Su Zhou River is Tai Hu River.
Su Zhou River go through Shanghai city and finally run into Huang Pu River. The length of Su Zhou
River is 125Km, the average width is 50-70m. the extent in Shanghai is 53.1Km. The slope of SuZhou River is very small, so current speed is slow, the average flow is 10m3/s. Su Zhou River has two
main effects. One is to provide the living water to the people who living in or around Shanghai, SuZhou River also provide the using water to industry and agriculture. The other effect of Su Zhou riveris to work as major water road in Shanghai.

Figure 1: The Su Zhou River basin
Picture source: http://222.66.79.122/SZH_pro j/zh zz/zh zz1/gcmb 2.ht ml

Part 2: The pollution situation of Su Zhou River
2.1 Pollutant source
From 1920, Shanghai began to develop economy, many factories were build on two sides of Su Zhou
River. And, with the development of industry, the population of Shanghai was broken. As a result, lotsof sewage came from people, industry and agriculture flowed into Su Zhou River. But the pollution is
not limited in these, working as the water road, the polluted water and fuel come from boat also
flowed into Su Zhou River directly. The solid garbage and slurry were pour into River.
So, after the large destroy, the water of Su Zhou River change to black, and smelled very bad.

Figure 2: The source of pollution in Su Zhou River
2.2 pollution situation
In 1998, the water quality report of the Su Zhou River indicated that the water quality itself wasunder-five class. DO was 1.56 mg/L, COD was 61.93 mg/L, BOD5 was 15.09 mg/L and NH3-3 was
13.74 mg/L. The color of the river was dark, and the ecosystem was totally broken. In addition, theemission of bad smell from the Su Zhou River totally influenced the residents who lived along it.

Figure 3: Average data of water quality from 1998 to 2011 (Wu Ning Road area)
Source: http://www.suban.org.cn

Compare with the situation of Su Zhou River in 14 years ago, the water quality was highlyimproved. In 2000, the dark water problem and the smell bad problem on main part of Su Zhou Riverare solved. Since 2002, the water standard of Su Zhou River arrived level 5 in Shanghai. Aboutecology, since 2001, some fishes were found in Su Zhou River, the some report said the variety of fish
is rising every years. At last, the surrounding improvement project and tree planting make Su Zhou
River become more beauty.
However, the protection and improvement of water environment need many times. Though there aremany achievements in Su Zhou River water recovery, the water quality is not very stable, andpurification of Su Zhou River itself is also limited. So water quality of Su Zhou River needs to be
improved more. And ecology of Su Zhou River is inf luenced by Tai Hu and Huang Pu river, so the lifein Su Zhou River is hardly survival. And even the environment of some area were improved, thewhole surrounding is not very good. So I think there are many weak points in Su Zhou Riverenvironment policy, and it should be changed.
2.3 The introduction of environmental quality standard for surface waterThis Standard is drawn up for the implementation of «The Environmental Protection Law of thePeoples’ Republic of China» and «The Law of Prevention and Control of Water Contamination of thePeoples’ Republic of China» for controlling water contamination, protecting water resources, ensuring
human health and maintaining ecological equilibrium. (GB3838-88)
In this Standard, the standard items are divided to basic items and specific items. Basic items aresuitable for surface water area including rivers, lakes, canals, channels and reservoirs with utilization
function in the whole country. These are the basic water quality requirements so as to meet thestipulated utilization function and ecological environment quality. The specific items are suitable forcontrol of the specific contaminants in the specific surface water areas. These items will be selected a s
the supplementary index for basic items by administrative departments in charge of environmental
protection in peoples’ government above county - level according to the demand of local
environmental management. (GB3838-88)

andard for surface water

Figure 5: water quality of Su Zhou River evaluated by environmental quality standard forsurface water
Source: Environment department of Shanghai

Surface water is divided into five classes according to its purpose for use and protection target..
Class I: Mainly for source of water and national nature protection areas;
Class II: Mainly for class one protection areas for centralized potable water source, protection areas
for rare fishes, spawn ground for fishes and shrimps, etc.
Class III: Mainly for class two protection areas for centralized potable water source, protection areasfor general fishes and swimming areas.
Class IV: Mainly for general industrial water areas and entertainment water areas not directly touchedby body.
Class V: Mainly for farmland water areas and water areas for general landscape requirement.
If there are several classes of function in the same water areas, the highest class of function will betaken for classification. (GB3838-88)
Part 3: The countermeasure to the pollution of Su Zhou RiverIn 1996, the government of Shanghai city decided to execute Su Zhou River environment comprehensive
renovation plan. From 1998 to 2002, Su Zhou River water improvement engineering one was carried out,
the total investment is 7 billion. From 2003 to 2005, Su Zhou River water improvement engineering two
was carried out, the total investment is 4 billion. From 2006, Su Zhou River water improvement
engineering three is carrying out.

Figure 6: The investment of each engineering project
Source: Environment department of Shanghai

The target of Su Zhou River water improvement engineering is to improve the water quality of Suzhou
river, at the same time, to change the surrounding around the Su Zhou River in order to give people wholiving in Shanghai a better life. So the Su Zhou River water improvement engineering can be classified into
three types, like build the sewage-treatment plant, aeration project, sewage interception project and etc. first
type is to improve the water quality and ecology of Su Zhou River, second type is to remove and remake
the dock. Third is to improve the environment around Su Zhou River.

Part 4: The framework of reducing waste work
4.1 How to improve the on waste water treatment on industry pollution, agriculture pollution andmunicipal sewage.

Figure 7: Waste water treatment system
4.2 Another elements which influence the water quality of Su Zhou RiverFirst, up and down stream water quality always influence the Su Zhou River, especially algae
problems in summer from Tai lake. So, according to past experience and actual situation, what
pollutants will up-downstream bring to Su Zhou River in different season or mouth.
Second, Su Zhou River is one of most important traffic hub to connect Shanghai and Zhejiang
Province. There are a lot of illegal or insanitary docks were build along the river. So, the dock should
be reduced and removed, and those places can be changed to park or public place.
Final, sediment pollution should be measured and treated, in order to prevent the second pollution towater quality of Su Zhou River.

Part 5: Future work
On water pollution problems of Su Zhou River, the emission of industrial waste water, agriculture
waste water and domestic waste water are highly considered. Hence, through reduction of waste wateremission, the research is expected to judge the water quality improvement extent of Su Zhou River byanalysis and computer simulation. Finally, design an appropriate system to raise the water quality fromClass under-five to Class three before 2030.