Status of Offshore Wind Energy
Development in Germany
Year 2021

On behalf ofStatus of Offshore Wind Energy Development in Germany – Year 2021

Contents
Offshore Wind Energy Development ....................................................................................................................................... 3
Expansion Targets Offshore Wind Energy ............................................................................................................................. 4
Activities in Offshore Wind Energy Projects .......................................................................................................................... 5
Distribution across Federal States and North and Baltic Seas ....................................................................................... 6
Turbine Configuration ................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Water Depth and Distance to Shore ........................................................................................................................................ 8
Offshore Tenders in Central Model .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Overview of Grid Connection Capacities ..............................................................................................................................10
Monthly Power Production and Market Values .................................................................................................................11

Notes
The data was obtained through surveys with industry representatives as well as through additional
research (sources e.g. BNetzA and BSH). Retroactive adjustments to the data are done based on corrected
notifications if required.
The installed capacity of offshore wind energy projects is not always equal to the grid connection capacity.
Future offshore wind energy projects are assigned with their total capacity to the respective expected yearof commissioning.
The information provided within the text and figures partially includes rounded values. Thus, when added,
there is a possibility of deviations from the overall values.
Photo on Title Page
Inspections at OWP Global Tech I© Deutsche WindGuard | Mathias Rother
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Status of Offshore Wind Energy Development in Germany – Year 2021

Offshore Wind Energy Development
Status of the Offshore Wind Energy Development

Cumulative2021-12-31

Modification
Year 2021

Capacity

NumberCapacity
Modifications ofexisting OWT

24 MW

132 OWTOWT (feeding in)

7,794 MW1,501 OWT

0 MW

0 OWT

Installed OWT(no feed-in)Foundations w/o
OWT

No Foundations

Cumulative Capacity

Annual Additions

Annual Capacity Modification

Annual Dismantling

Expected Additions

Expected Cumulative Capacity

12 GW

3,000 MW

10 GW

2,500 MW

8 GW

2,000 MW

6 GW

1,500 MW

4 GW

1,000 MW

2 GW

500 MW

0 GW

0 MW

-2 GW

(Expected) Year of Commissioning-500 MW(Expected) Capacity Addition and Dismantling(Expected) Cumulative Capacity

As of December 31, 2021, 1,501 offshore windturbines (OWT) with a capacity of 7.8 GW were in
operation in Germany. In the course of 2021,
neither new turbines nor foundations were
installed, but 132 existing turbines received acapacity upgrade. This increases the total installedcapacity by 24 MW at the end of 2021.
From 2022 onwards, the offshore wind projects(OWP) that were awarded in the tender rounds inthe transitional system in 2017 and 2018 will be
installed and commissioned by 2025. In the 2021
tender round, additional capacity was awarded tobe commissioned in 2026. If all awarded projects
are fully realised, the installed capacity will be
increased to almost 12 GW by the end of 2026.

(Expected) Development of the Offshore Wind Energy in Germany(Database: own surveys, MaStR, BNetzA)3

Status of Offshore Wind Energy Development in Germany – Year 2021

Expansion Targets Offshore Wind Energy
The coalition agreement signed by the new
German government in December 2021 setsambitious targets for offshore wind energy. Theysignificantly exceed the expansion path defined in
the Offshore Wind Energy Act (German: Windenergie-auf-See-Gesetz) last adjusted at the endof 2020. The new expansion target scheduled for2030 rises from 20 GW to 30 GW, 40 GW of
offshore wind energy is now envisaged by 2035,
and a further increase in offshore wind energy
capacity to 70 GW is planned by 2045.
The offshore wind energy capacity in operation at
the end of 2021 is 7.8 GW. In addition, an
investment decision has already been made for
2.2 GW and a grid connection commitment has
been awarded for a further 1.9 GW by tender. In
theSite Development Plan 2020
(German:
Flächenentwicklungsplan or FEP) of the Federal
Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (German:
Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie

or BSH) further tenders have already beenscheduled for a capacity of 8.7 GW, which should
be installed by 2030. With the planning presented
in the FEP 2020, the new targets of the coalition
agreement cannot yet be achieved; an additional
9.4 GW are required by 2030.
The preliminary draft for updating the FEP 2020
published at the end of 2021 already presents
adjustments to be discussed for this purpose andtakes into account the expansion targets of thecoalition agreement. The pre-draft is based on thepriority and reservation areas for offshore windenergy shown in the Maritime Spatial Plan
(German: Raumordnungsplan) for the German
exclusive economic zone (EEZ), which came into
force in 2021. While sufficient areas are available
to achieve the targets for 2030 and 2035 under theassumptions of the preliminary draft, additional
areas would have to be developed in order torealise 70 GW by 2045.

7.8 GW

9.4 GW

2030
30 GW
8.7 GW

2.2 GW

7.8 GW

7.8 GW

19.4 GW

1.9 GW2035

2.2 GW

40 GW

1.9 GW

8.7 GW

In Operation (Installed Capacity)

Final Investment Decision

Tenders Scheduled as in FEP 2020*

Additional Capacity Required

2045

8.7 GW

70 GW
49.4 GW

Awarded Capacity* revision already initiated in the preliminary draft of the FEP update

Development Status of Offshore Capacity with Expansion Targets by 2030, 2035 and 2045
(Database: own surveys, MaStR, BNetzA, FEP 2020)

4

Status of Offshore Wind Energy Development in Germany – Year 2021

Activities in Offshore Wind Energy Projects
In Germany, 27 offshore wind energy projects arein operation by the end of 2021. These projects
had received grid connection commitments
before the change to the tender system and were
installed by 2020. Activities in 2021 were limited tocapacity upgrades in two existing projects. Future
development will be dominated by tendering
projects. For the Kaskasi and Arcadis Ost 1
projects, which were awarded in the transitional
system, a final investment decision has been madeand construction is expected to start in 2022.
Investment decisions have also already been
made for Baltic Eagle, Gode Wind 3 and Borkum
Riffgrund 3. The OWP Nordsee Two, Windanker
and the project on site N-3.7, which were awardedin the first central tender round in 2021, are still inthe early stages of project development. Furthermore, in the coastal waters of the Baltic Sea, twoprojects OWP Gennaker (900 MW) and the test

field near Warnemünde are planned. These
projects are not subject to the tender system.
Overview of awarded projects
Expected
Capacity
Commissioning [MW]**

OWP

StatusKaskasi*

FID

2022

342

Arcadis Ost 1

FID

2023

247

Wikinger Süd

Awarded2023

10

Baltic Eagle

FID

2024

476.25Gode Wind 3

FID

2024

241.75

BorkumRiffgrund 3

FID

2025

900

EnBW He Dreiht

Awarded

2025

900

N-3.7

Awarded2026

225

Nordsee Two

Awarded2026

433

Windanker

Awarded2026

300* incl. pilot OWT** grid connection capacity

Overview Map of Offshore Wind Energy in Germany (© German Offshore Wind Energy Foundation)

5

Status of Offshore Wind Energy Development in Germany – Year 2021

Distribution across Federal States and North and Baltic Seas
Based on the location of the respective gridconnection point in Lower Saxony, SchleswigHolstein and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania,
the installed capacity at sea can be allocated to thefederal states. Most of the 6.7 GW of installed
offshore wind capacity in the North Sea (4.9 GW)
is connected to Lower Saxony, while the remaining
1.8 GW can be allocated to Schleswig-Holstein.
The 1.1 GW of installed capacity in the Baltic Sea
is entirely allocated to Mecklenburg-Western
Pomerania.
Around 3 GW of the capacity awarded in the2017/2018 and 2021 tender rounds is allocated to
the North Sea and 1 GW to the Baltic Sea. The
capacities to be tendered from 2022 according to
the Site Development Plan 2020, with a total of
8.7 GW, are located entirely in the North Sea. In
the Baltic Sea, no further tenders are planned until

2025 according to the Site Development Plan
2020.
Lower Saxony

4,906 MW

SchleswigHolstein

1,793 MW

MecklenburgWestern
Pomerania

1,096 MW

Cumulative Capacity
EEZ Territoral Waters
Distribution of Cumulative Capacity of OWT (feedingin) across the Federal States and Maritime Areas

Distribution across the North and Baltic Seas
North Sea

AdditionsYear 2021

Capacity

Cumulative2021-12-31
FutureAdditions

NumberCapacity

NumberOWT (feeding in)

0 MW

0 OWT

0 MW

0 OWT

Capacity Modifications of existing OWT

0 MW

0 OWT

24 MW

132 OWT

Installed OWT (no feed-in)

0 MW

0 OWT

0 MW

0 OWT

No Foundations

Foundations w/o OWTOWT (feeding in)
Installed OWT (no feed-in)

No Foundations

6,698 MW

1,269 OWT

1,096 MW232 OWT

0 MW

0 OWT

0 MW

0 OWT

No Foundations

Foundations w/o OWTNo Foundations

Already awarded capacity*(Commissioning by 2026)

3,042 MW

1,033 MWCapacity to be tendered until 2025
(Commissioning by 2030)**

8,730 MW0 MW

* incl. pilot OWT

6Baltic Sea** according to FEP 2020, revision already initiated in the preliminary draft of the FEP update

Status of Offshore Wind Energy Development in Germany – Year 2021

Turbine Configuration
Due to the expected capacity increases, however,the specific power remains at a level comparable
to previous years and is between 340 W/m² and
410 W/m² in the planned projects until 2025.
Average Turbine Configuration
Average
Configuration

Cumulative2021-12-31

Expectedadditions
until 2025

Nameplate Capacity(incl. upgrades)

5,192 kW11,177 kW

Rotor Diameter

133 m

196 m

Hub Height

95 m

127 m

372 W/m²

370 W/m²

Specific Power

15,000500

12,000

400

9,000

300

6,000

200

3,000

100

Ø Rotor Diameter / Hub Height in mØ Specific Power in W/m²

Ø Nameplate Capacity in kW

On average, the offshore wind turbines installed inGermany at the end of 2021 have a nominal
capacity of just under 5.2 MW. In recent years,
increasingly larger turbines have been installed.
The trend towards ever higher nominal capacities
is particularly evident when considering the future
projects. In the projects of the coming
development phase (with commissioning until2025), turbines with a nominal capacity up to
15 MW are planned. Compared to the existingturbines, the turbine capacity will thus increase by
115% to more than 11 MW on average.
According to current plans, the rotor diameter andhub height will also be increased to 167 m to
236 m rotor diameter and approx. 100 m to 145 m
hub height, depending on the specific project.

002009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

(Expected) Year of Commisioning
Nameplate Capacity (incl. upgrades)

Expected Nameplate Capacity

Rotor Diameter

Expected Rotor Diameter

Hub Height

Expected Hub Height

Specific Power

Expected Specific Power(Expected) Turbine Configuration over Course of Time7

Status of Offshore Wind Energy Development in Germany – Year 2021

Water Depth and Distance to Shore
The offshore wind turbines installed in Germany
are subject to different conditions in terms ofwater depth and distance to the shore. Only a few
turbines are in shallow waters close to the coast;
the majority are located at least 40 km from theshore in water depths of 20 m and more. The
turbines furthest from the coast are located at a
distance of more than 120 km off the coast and inwater depths of up to 44 m. On average, theoffshore wind turbines installed by the end of2021 have a water depth of 30 m and a distanceto shore of 74 km.
The turbines to be installed in the coming years up
to 2025 are also distributed over different water
depths and distances from the coast. On average,
however, their water depth and distance to theshore do not differ much from those of theexisting turbines.
With regard to the type of foundation, themonopile foundation has become the mostcommonly used type in Germany. Monopile
foundations are going to be used for all offshore
wind turbines to be installed by 2025.
Average water depth and distance to shore of OWTCumulative2021-12-31

Expectedadditions
until 2025

Water Depth

30 m

35 m

Distance to Shore

74 km

76 km

Average Location

60 m
Bubble Area ≘ Installed Capacity
50 m

Water Depth

40 m
30 m
20 m
10 m
0m
0 km

20 km

40 km

60 km

80 km

100 kmDistance to Shore
Existing Projects

Awarded Projects

Water Depth and Distance to Shore of Existing Projects and Awarded Projects

8

120 km140 kmStatus of Offshore Wind Energy Development in Germany – Year 2021

Offshore Tenders in Central Model
The first tender round for offshore wind energy inthe central model took place on September 1,
2021. Bids could be submitted for the areas N-3.7,
N-3.8 and O-1.3 with a total capacity of 958 MW.
The BSH had previously investigated these areas
and determined their suitability.
Bids of 0 ct/kWh were awarded for all three areas.
For two areas (N-3.8 and O-1.3), several zero-centbids were submitted, so the lottery procedureprovided for by law was applied.
In the case of the awards for the areas N-3.8 andO-1.3, the project developers who had originallyplanned projects there had rights of entry. In bothcases, the holders used their right of entry to takeover the award. Accordingly, the award for site N3.8 was given to Northland Power and RWE
Renewables, who are jointly realising the OWP
Nordsee Two there, and Iberdrola is developing

the OWP Windanker on site O-1.3. The project onsite N-3.7 is being implemented by RWE
Renewables. The commissioning of these threeprojects is planned for 2026.
The suitability assessment is currently progressing
on sites N-7.2, N-3.5 and N-3.6 for the tenders in
2022 and 2023 as defined in the FEP 2020. This is
still to be done for other areas. At present, theplans for the provision of areas for offshore windenergy are being revised as part of the update of
the Site Development Plan.
In addition to the tenders in the central model, anaward procedure for the areas for other offshore
energy production is to be carried out for the firsttime in 2022. The corresponding award criteria(including energy quantity, energy efficiency,
technology maturity) were defined in a regulationin 2021.

Envisioned Offshore Sites for Tender from 2021 onwards (Database: FEP 2020)
Area

Tender Round

N-3.7
Nordsee Two(N-3.8)Windanker(O-1.3)
N-7.2
N-3.5
N-3.6
N-6.6
N-6.7
N-9.1*
N-9.2*
N-10.1*N-10.2*N-9.3*
N-9.4*
N-11.1/N-11.2*
N-12.1/N-12.2*
N-12.3/N-12.4*
N-13.1/N-13.2*
ggf. N-11.3/
N-12.5/N-13.3*
SEN-1
SEO-1

2021

Expected
Commissi
oning
2026

2021

Expected
Capacity

StatusSize ofArea

225 MW

Awardedca. 17 km²

2026

433 MW

Awardedca. 23 km²

2021

2026

300 MW

Awardedca. 25 km²

2022
2023
2023
2024
2024
2024
2024
2025
2025
2025
2025
after 2025
after 2025
after 2025
after 2025

2027
2028
2028
2029
2029
2029
2029
2030
2030
2030
2030
after 2030
after 2030
after 2030
after 2030

930 MW
420 MW
480 MW
630 MW
270 MW
1,000 MW1,000 MW1,000 MW1,000 MW1,000 MW1,000 MW2,000 MW2,000 MW2,000 MW2,000 MW

Plannedca. 58 km²
Plannedca. 29 km²
Plannedca. 33 km²
Plannedca. 44 km²
Plannedca. 16 km²
Plannedca. 100 km²
Plannedca. 104 km²
Plannedca. 95 km²
Plannedca. 93 km²
Plannedca. 105 km²
Plannedca. 99 km²
Presented for information purposes
Presented for information purposes
Presented for information purposes
Presented for information purposes

after 2025

after 2030

ggf, 2,000 MW

Presented for information purposes
PlannedPlannedCompany
RWE Renewables
Northland Power (85%) andRWE Renewables (15%)
Iberdrolaca. 28 km²
ca. 8 km²

* according to FEP 2020, revision already initiated in the preliminary draft of the FEP update

9

Status of Offshore Wind Energy Development in Germany – Year 2021

Overview of Grid Connection Capacities
At the end of 2021, grid connections for offshore
wind energy with a capacity of 8.2 GW are in
operation in Germany. The majority of theconnection capacity is already being used by the
OWP feeding into the grid. Further capacities areunder construction or in planning stage, or havebeen identified by the responsible transmission
system operators; confirmation by the Federal
Network Agency is still pending. However, in orderto achieve the goals of the coalition agreement,
further capacities and an adjustment of thepreviously planned timeline are necessary.

Installed and Planned Grid Connections (to Converter Station or Bundling Point) in the North and Baltic Seas
(Database: FEP 2020, 2nd draft of NEP 2035 version 2021, TSOs, additional research)
Status(Expect.)
Commissioning(Expect.)
Capacity(Preliminary) Assigned Offshore
Wind Energy Projects and Areas

NOR-2-1 (Alpha Ventus)
NOR-6-1 (BorWin1)
NOR-0-1 (Riffgat)

In Operation
In Operation
In Operation

2009
2010
2014

62 MW
400 MW
113 MW

NOR-2-2 (DolWin1)

In Operation

2015

800 MW

NOR-4-1 (HelWin1)

In Operation

2015

576 MW

NOR-4-2 (HelWin2)

In Operation

2015

690 MW

NOR-5-1 (SylWin1)

In Operation

2015

864 MW

NOR-6-2 (BorWin2)

In Operation

2015

800 MW

NOR-3-1 (DolWin2)

In Operation

2016

916 MW

In Operation
In Operation
In Operation
Under Construction
Under Construction
Under Construction
Procurement Procedure
Permitting Procedure
Permitting Procedure
Preparation of planning and permitting
procedures
Preparation of planning and permitting
procedures
Preparation of planning and permitting
procedures
Conditionally confirmed
Conditionally confirmed
Conditionally confirmed
Identified
Conditionally confirmed, need for
adjustment identified
Identified
Identified
Identified
Identified
Identified

2017
2018
2019
2023
2024
2025
2027
2028
2029

111 MW
900 MW
900 MW
900 MW
900 MW
900 MW
930 MW
900 MW
900 MWalpha ventus
BARD Offshore 1
RiffgatBorkum Riffgrund 1, Trianel Windpark
Borkum, Trianel Windpark Borkum II
Meerwind Süd | Ost, Nordsee Ost
Amrumbank West, Kaskasi incl. Pilot
OWT
Butendiek, DanTysk, Sandbank
Deutsche Bucht, EnBW Albatros, Veja
Mate
Gode Wind 1, Gode Wind 2, Nordsee
One
Nordergründe
Borkum Riffgrund 2, Merkur Offshore
EnBW Hohe See, Global Tech I
Gode Wind 3, N-3.7, Nordsee Two
Borkum Riffgrund 3
EnBW He Dreiht
N-7.2
N-3.5, N-3.6
N-6.6, N-6.7

2029

2,000 MWN-9.1, N-9.2*

2030

2,000 MWN-10.1, N-10.2*2030

2,000 MWN-9.3, N-9.4

2031
2032
2033
2034

2,000 MW2,000 MW2,000 MW2,000 MWggf. N-11.3, N-12.5, N-13.3*
N-13.1, N-13.2*
N-11.1, N-11.2*
N-12.3, N-12.4*2035

2,000 MWN-12.1, N-12.2*

2036
2037
2038
2039
2040

2,000 MW2,000 MW2,000 MW2,000 MW2,000 MWIn Operation
2011
In Operation
2015
In Operation
2018
In Operation
2019
In Operation
2019
Under Construction
2023
Under Construction
2023
Under Construction
2024
Preparation of planning and permitting
2026
procedures
Realisation planned according to § 17d para. 6 ff EnWG
Conditionally confirmed by NEP

51 MW
288 MW
250 MW
250 MW
250 MW
250 MW
250 MW
250 MW

EnBW Baltic 1, GICON-SOF
EnBW Baltic 2
Wikinger
ArkonaArkona, Wikinger, Wikinger Süd
Arcadis Ost 1
Baltic Eagle
Baltic Eagle

300 MW

Windanker

Grid Connection System
North Sea

NOR-0-2 (Nordergründe)NOR-2-3 (DolWin3)
NOR-8-1 (BorWin3)
NOR-3-3 (DolWin6)
NOR-1-1 (DolWin5)
NOR-7-1 (BorWin5)
NOR-7-2 (BorWin6)
NOR-3-2 (DolWin4)
NOR-6-3 (BorWin4)
NOR-9-1 (BalWin1)
NOR-10-1 (BalWin2)
NOR-9-2 (BalWin3)
NOR-11-2 (LanWin4)
NOR-13-1 (LanWin5)
NOR-11-1 (LanWin3)
NOR-12-2 (LanWin2)
NOR-12-1 (LanWin1)
NOR-x-1 (Zone 4)
NOR-x-2 (Zone 4)
NOR-x-3 (Zone 4)
NOR-x-4 (Zone 4)
NOR-x-5 (Zone 4)
Baltic Sea
OST-3-1 (Baltic 1)
OST-3-2 (Baltic 2)
OST-1-1 (Ostwind 1)
OST-1-2 (Ostwind 1)
OST-1-3 (Ostwind 1)
OST-2-1 (Ostwind 2)
OST-2-2 (Ostwind 2)
OST-2-3 (Ostwind 2)
OST-1-4 (Ostwind 3)
OST-6-1 ("Gennaker")
OST-T-1 (Testfeld)* according to FEP 2020, revision already initiated in the preliminary draft of the FEP update

10Status of Offshore Wind Energy Development in Germany – Year 2021

20 ct/kWh18 ct/kWh
16 ct/kWh
14 ct/kWh
12 ct/kWh
10 ct/kWh
8 ct/kWh
6 ct/kWh
4 ct/kWh
2 ct/kWh

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

0 ct/kWh

2020
Prior Year

2021
Month

2021

Monthly Market Values for Offshore Wind Power(Database: Netztransparenz)

4.0 TWh

40 TWh

3.5 TWh

35 TWh

3.0 TWh

30 TWh

2.5 TWh

25 TWh

2.0 TWh

20 TWh

1.5 TWh

15 TWh

1.0 TWh

10 TWh

0.5 TWh

5 TWh

0.0 TWh

0 TWh

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Cumulative Production Offshore Wind PowerMonthly Production Offshore Wind PowerThe market values for electricity from offshore
wind energy reached record levels in 2021. In
December 2021, the highest value to date wasachieved with 18.4 ct/kWh - this is several times
higher than the all-time low of 1.1 ct/kWhrecorded in April 2020. On an annual average, thevolume-weighted monthly market value of
9.02 ct/kWh in 2021 is 236% higher than theprevious annual average.
In contrast, electricity production in 2021
remained below previous year's values. Due toweaker wind conditions, the production level of2020 could only be exceeded in a couple ofmonths. According to the projection data of thetransmission system operators, 26.1 TWh ofelectricity from offshore wind energy wasproduced in Germany in 2021. Compared to 2020,
this is a decline of 10%.

Market Values for Offshore Wind Energy

Monthly Power Production and Market Values

Dec

Monthly Production 2021

Monthly Production 2020

Cumulative Production 2021

Cumulative Production 2020

Power Production from Offshore Wind Turbine Generators (Database: Projection by TSO (Netztransparenz))11About Deutsche WindGuard
In a complex energy market WindGuard is committed to providing extensive scientific, technical, and operational services which areunbiased and manufacturer-independent. WindGuard has been publishing the semi-annual development statistics since 2012.

About the German Windenergy Association (BWE)The German Windenergy Association (BWE) is partner to over 3,000 companies in the wind energy industry and represents theinterests of about 20,000 members. The entire know-how of a multifaceted industry is pooled through BWE.

About Bundesverband der Windparkbetreiber Offshore e.V. (BWO)
The association of German offshore wind farm operators (BWO) represents all companies that plan, construct and operate offshore
wind farms in Germany. The BWO is the central contact on all questions concerning offshore wind energy.

About the German Foundation OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY
The foundation’s overall purpose is to consolidate the role of offshore wind energy in the energy mix of the future in Germany andEurope and to promote its expansion in the interests of environmental and climate protection. It has established itself as a nonpartisan, supra-regional and independent communication platform for the entire offshore wind energy sector.

About VDMA Power Systems
The trade association VDMA Power Systems and its working groups represent the interests of manufacturers and suppliers of powerand heat generation plants.

About WAB e.V.
Bremerhaven-based WAB is the nationwide contact partner for the offshore wind industry in Germany and the leading businessnetwork for onshore wind energy in the north-west region. The association fosters the production of “green” hydrogen from windenergy. It comprises some 250 SMEs as well as institutes from all sectors of the wind and maritime industry as well as research.