Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Supporting GHG inventories andother activities

Supporting GHG Inventories and Other IPCC Activities
AgendaP t1
Part

T k Force
Task
F
on National
N til Greenhouse
GhGas
G Inventories
It iIntroduction
U off FAO DataUse
D tManaged Land

Simon Eggleston

Forest Inventories

Nalin Srivastava

Uncertainty & Verification

Jamsranjav Baasansuren

EFDB

Kiyotoy
TanabeSoftwareFuture Tasks
Discussion
Part 2

Taka Hiraishi

Simon Eggleston
Taka Hiraishi & Thelma Krug

AR5 and other ongoing IPCC activities - Renate Christ

IPCC

Task Force on National Greenhouse
G IInventories
Gas
t i• The IPCC Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories (TFI)– Produces, refines and improves the IPCC Guidelines for
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories– Encourages and aids their use• Latest Guidelines are the 2006 IPCC Guidelines– These updated and included new science and technicaldata– Combined methodological guidance and good practiceguidance into a single set of guidance

IPCC Methodology Reports
Governments,organisations
nominate experts

IPCC Approves
OutlinePublication

Task Force
Bureau selects
authors

IPCC accepts
report andadopts overview

Final Distribution
and Government
Consideration

Authors prepare
first draft

Authors prepare
second draft

Expert Review

Authors prepare
final draft

Expert &Government
Review

Global Review Phases(six to eight weeks, each)

Following the 2006 Guidelines• The TFI has focused on providing assistance to users
of all the IPCC Guidelines. This includes:– Holding expert meetings to explore problems and solutions– Developing the Emission Factor Database (EFDB) to
maintain a library of up-to-date information for inventory
compilers– DevelopingD l i Software
S ft– Developing information on our web site
• FAQ
• Presentations

This Side Event:• Will briefly present important outputs from themeetings• Present the EFDB and Software• Discuss other information available• Look forward• Opportunity to ask questions

Datasets for use in the IPCC Guidelines:
FAO data and how it can be used in the IPCC Agricultureand Land Use Guidelines
IPCC Expert
p Meeting,g
20-22 October, 2009,
IFAD, Rome, ITALYBackground• Many inventory compilers have noted the difficulty inobtaining suitable data for LULUCF and/or AFOLU• Much of the data is available from the FAO but it is notclear to inventoryy compilerspwhere this is held or how
to use it• While national data is preferable the FAO data
provides a useful set of data especially for smaller
categories

Expert Meeting• The
Th IPCC TFI held
h ld a meeting
i jointly
j i l withi h theh FAO andd
IFAD to explore these issues• The outcome was a report that lists the data items(largely activity data) needed to compile an inventory
and where to find it on the FAO web site, or FAO
contacts.

Information• Description of theinformation needed• DescriptionDi ti off whereh ththedata is used in both the2006 and 1996 Guidelines• Description of the dataset
includingc ud g uunits
ts aandd ot
othere
conversions• Comments describingg thedataset and any limitations

Description

Information on area of annual and perennial crops remaining as cropland andconversion to cropland from other land uses disaggregated as feasible accordingtodifferent climate zones, ecological zones, soil types, crop-types,
management systems,
systems and regions of a country or other nationally relevant
stratification systems

Definition(s) in the
IPCC Guidelines

See the “Description” above

Units in the IPCC
Guidelines

Hectare2006 IPCC Guidelines

See guidance in Chapter 5, Volume 4(1) and Equations 2.6, 2.9, 2.18, 2.19,
2.21, 2.23 and 2.25

GPG/GPG-LULUCF

GPG-LULUCF: Chapter 3

1996 IPCC Guidelines

Chapter 5, Reference Manual

FAO Dataset(s) FAOSTAT FRA
http://faostat.fao.org/
http://www.fao.org/forestry/fra

URL(s)
Features of the dataset
including definitions

Units in the dataset
Availability(Years/country/region)

Conversion if any
requiredRemarks

FAOSTAT:o Annual crops are those that are planted and harvested during thesame production season.
o Perennial crops
p are pplants that live for more than two yyears.
 FRA 2010 will include information on the area of rubber plantations toensure that these areas are not double-counted.
1000 hectares


FAOSTAT:o Data availability: Available for all countries
o Reporting years: Annual data from 1961 onwards
 FRA 2010:
o Data availability: It will cover 233 countries and territories and data
will be available in 2010.
o Reporting years: 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2010.
Area should be multiplied by 1000.


FAOSTAT uses “areaarea harvested”
harvested for production purposes.
purposes
Although FRA includes “Other land with tree cover”, it may not be equivalent
to perennial cropland.
Other relevant datasets are:o Country reports to FRA
o Agro-maps
o LADA(one-time assessment of land use systems)

Report• Limited number of printed copies are available today• Report
p is also downloadable from our website• If this is found useful we will consider updating it andextending it to other datasets

Revisiting
g the Use of Managed
g Land as a Proxyy for
Estimating National Anthropogenic Emissions andRemovals
IPCC Expert Meeting,Meeting
5 -7 May, 2009, INPE, São José dos Campos, BRAZILConclusions – Co
Co-Chairs
Chairs Summary• Anthropogenic emissions and removals affect the levelof greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
• IPCC inventory methods for forestry and land use
estimate ggreenhouse ggas fluxes between land and theatmosphere.
IPCC’ss advice in the 2006 Guidelines is that the• IPCC
anthropogenic component of emissions and removals
from forestry and land use is the component which
occurs on managed land. This is the managed land
proxy (MLP).

Conclusions (2)• The MLP is a first approach for distinguishing between
anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic emissions andremovals, and is the current approach in the 2003
Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-use
Change and Forestry and the 2006 Guidelines for
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.

Conclusions (3)• The experts noted progress with the development ofmethods for separating anthropogenic from nonanthropogenic emissions and removals, and thepossibility for comparison between these methods.
• The experts considered a range of techniques, someof these methods could be the basis for Tier 1
approaches.

Conclusions (4)• The experts noted that where these methods are used
to help estimate anthropogenic emissions andremovals, it is important that the methods andestimates are fully described and transparently
documented; are applied in accordance with timeseries consistency; and follow good practice.
• The experts noted that the outcome of the meeting will
be summarised in a report to the IPCC Plenary.

National Forest GHG Inventories – A Stock Taking
g
IPCC Expert
p Meetingg
23-25 February, 2010, Yokohama, Japan

Background• F
Forestt GHG inventoriesit i are one off theth more difficult
diffi lt areasin GHG inventory compilation, in particular for developing
countries that face difficulties with data collection
collection, bothcurrent and time series, and with appropriate parameters
for use in GHG estimation.
estimation• More reliable GHG inventories for forests will be
increasingly required if UNFCCC deliberations
deliberations, andagreements, advance on both REDD+ and NAMAs.
• There may be expectations for the IPCC to do further
methodological work in this area.

Meeting
g Identified Area for Additional Guidance• Design of forest monitoring systems– inventory design, stratification (particularly in dynamic landscapes) , sampling,pools and accuracy/uncertainty assessment;• Combination of ground based inventories with remote sensing andmodeling approaches;• Use of remote sensing data in forest GHG inventories– stratification, change assessment and use of remote sensing methods forbiomass estimation;• Guidance on selectively logged forests.
• Data on emission factors and parameters have improved since the2006 Guidelines
G id li
were finalised
fi li d (EFDB)– e.g. Biomass (Conversion and) Expansion Factors (BEF/BCEF),
and emission factors for peat lands.
lands
20

Areas were more assistance is needed• A simple introductory guide to estimation of emission
and removals in forests• Use of GPG – additional decision trees and flow charts• More advice on the implementation of Uncertainty
Estimation Methods in AFOLU• Use of “Tier
Tier 3”
3 models– Expert meeting later this year

21Ways to ensure latest information isavailable
il bl• “Technical Bulletins” or Meeting Reports– Updates on latest science since guidelines were completed• EFDB– Repositorypy of latest emission factors and other pparameters• Discussion Forum– Exchange of ideas by practitioners via web• FAQ• Peatlands
P tl d / Wetlands
W tl d– Existing guidance incomplete

Uncertaintyy and Validation of Emission
Inventories
IPCC Expert Meeting, 23-25 March 2010,
Utrecht,
Ut
ec t, thet e Netherlands
et e a ds

Backgroundg• UncertaintyUt i t isi an area where
h iinventory
t compilers
il werehaving difficulties in following the IPCC Guidelines and
GPG• Since the 2006 IPCC Guidelines was produced thescience of remote sensing and ambient measurements
has developed

increasing potential applicability of these techniques toinventory validation/verification• TFI decided to convene an expert meeting on
uncertainty and validation/verification of emission
inventories

Object e
Objective• To
T consider
id
Need of any additional advice on assessment of
uncertainties
ncertainties in emission inventories
in entories
 Use of ambient measurements (satellite, aircraft, flux towers,
ground based measurements etc
etc.)) and inverse modelling forthe validation/verification of emission inventories• To provide some additional material to assist inventory
compilers

Discussion
scuss o top
topics
cs







Uncertainty assessments of emission inventories
Treatment of uncertainties associated with remote sensing
Use of ambient measurements and inverse modelling
Current capabilities of ambient measurement systems - e.g.
satellite aircraft
satellite,
aircraft, flux towers,
towers ground based measurements etc
etc.
Anticipated improvements of these systems over time in respectof their capabilitiespto validate emission inventories
In the context of specific IPCC categories how can thesesystemsy
be used to validate emission estimatesCo c us o sConclusions• CurrentCt guidelines
id li
still
till reflect
fl t ththe statet t off th
the artt bbutt needd
to be supplemented by easy-to-use advice on how toapproachh uncertainties,t i ti andd thi
this can bbe written
itt as Q&A
 A first set of Q&A was developed• Remote sensing, ambient measurement and inverse
modelling techniques are currently not sufficiently
developed to provide comprehensive verification at therequired accuracy
 Identified a number of areas for possible prioritisatonCo c us o sConclusions• The meeting highlighted the increasing emphasis andattention on uncertainty analysis as monitoring andverification are getting more important• The participants looked forward to further collaborationand hoped that the group would meet again to review the
progress

Emission Factor Database (EFDB)()
and Data Meetings

Emission Factor Database (EFDB)()• LibraryLib
off wellll ddocumentedt d emissioni i ffactors
t andd otherthparameters which– Evolves dynamically through contributions of new data fromresearchers, scientists, industry...
– Provides
P id a wide
id variety
i t off emissioni i factors
f t andd otherthparameters with background documentation or technicalreferences so that users can select and use appropriate
data on their own responsibility.

• Communication platform for distribution andcommenting on new research and measurement data

Dataata CoCollection
ect o• Criteria
C it i ffor iinclusionl i off new ddatat– Robustness, Applicability, Documentation– Editorial Board (EB) judges whether to accept or not• Approaches to collecting new data
– Submission of data proposals by inventory experts, etc• Anyone can submit his/her data – always welcome!!
• Contact by e-mail: ipcc-efdb@iges.or.jp– Data collection from actual national inventory submissions
to the UNFCCC– Literature search by TSU– DataD t meetings
ti

Data
ata Meetings
eet gs• Data holders and EB members work together– to help populate the EFDB by identifying, selecting andapproving data on specific themes/categories;– to identify ways to populate the EFDB and to foster greaterco- operation between the research community
coand the IPCC TFI in helping populate the EFDB.

• Three meetings have been successfully held:– 1st meeting on forestry, especially on biomass expansion
factors (Buenos Aires, November 2008)– 2nd meeting on livestock emissions (Santiago, June 2009)– 3rd meeting on soil C in croplands and grasslands(Santiago, June 2009)

Access
ccess to EFDB
• Web
W b siteit (htt(http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/EFDB/)//ii ij /EFDB/)– For all users to carry out on-line search– For data providers to submit new emission factors or otherparameters• CDROM– For all users, in particular for
th
those
who
h hhave diffi
difficulty
lt withith
Internet connection, to carryout off-line search

EFDB v2.1
November 2009

INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE
NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES PROGRAMMEIPCC
Emission Factor Database
For the latest version see http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/EFDB/
Produced by the Technical Support Unit of
the IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme.
© Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2009

Other Activities

Software• Software for the 1996 Guidelines and GPG LULUCF
now maintained by UNFCCC• We are developing software for the 2006 Guidelines– An incompletepdemonstration version is available on our
web site– We hope to shortly have a review version for the AFOLU
sector available from our web site
– We aim to have a complete version available by the end of2010 withi h an expert meetingi to consider
id theh completelsoftware in December 2010

Web site
• IPCC Guidelines in all
Languages• FAQ• Presentations• Primer & Brochures

Future Developments.
• More Expert Meetings on important topics– Aug 2010, Use of Models and Measurements in GHG
Inventories The use of Tier 3 approaches brings issues ofInventories.
validation, reports, documentation– TFB to decide on topics for next year
• Depends on needs of UNFCCC (if any)
• We welcome inputs for users on issues we can address– Efforts to promote exchange of ideas and practices• EFDB,, more effort to collect data,, consideration ofinterface needs to be easier for land use categories
Software finalisation and distribution,
distribution• Software,training material etc.

Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Thank you
Anyy Q
QuestionsTask Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Supporting GHG inventories andother activities

IPCC AR5and other ongoing activities

Bonn, 31 May 2010
Dr Renate Christ
Dr.
Christ, Secretary of the IPCC

Some
So
e highlights
g g ts – WG
GI
• Observation, incl. paleoclimatic archivesy• Carbon and other biochemical cycles• Clouds and aerosols• Detection and attribution – also regional• Near term projection and predicitability• Sea level change• Climate phenomena – monsoon, El Nino

Some
So
e highlights
g g ts – WG
G II
• Natural and managed resources– Freshwater, terrestrial systems, coasts, oceans, food production• Humanu a settsettlements,e e ts, industry,
dust y, infrastructure
ast uctu e• Human Health, well being and security• Adaptation – options,
options costs,
costs constraints• Multi sector impacts, risks, climate resilient
pathways• Part B – Regional aspects

Some
So
e highlights
g g ts – WG
G III
• Integrated risk and uncertainty assessment,social, economic and ethical concepts, SD,
equityy for mitigationg• Pathways– Assessing pathways, sectoral analysis– Human settlements,, infrastructure,, planningpg• Policies, institutions, investment and financeCrossC
oss cuttcuttingg themest e es• Uncertainties
Ut i ti andd risksi k• Costing and economic analysis• Regional aspects• Scenarios and their use in the AR5• Carbon cycle including ocean acidifaction• Ice sheets and sea level rise
• Mitigation, adaptation and SD• Issues related to Art
Art. 2AR55 Sy
Synthesist es s Report
epo t
•
•
•
•

Broad
B
dd
draft
ft outline:
tli
Observed changes and their causes
Future changes (short and long term)
Response– Reduction of vulnerabilities
vulnerabilities, risk management and framingof responses, effect of policies, co-benefits andexternalities• Transitions and transformation– Equity dimensions, development pathways, behaviouraland societal changes• Scoping meeting August 2010 Liege, Belgium

AR5 timetable• WG I – September 2013
• WG II – March
M h 2014• WG III – April
p 2014• Synthesis Report – September 2014

Special Report on Renewable
Energy Sources and Climate
Change Mitigation• Review by governments and experts from 18
June to 16 Augustg• Due to be finalized in February 2011.

Special Report on Managing the Risks ofExtreme Events and Disasters to
Advance Climate Change Adaptation• Expert Review from 26 July to 20 September
2010• Scheduled to be completed in November 2011