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Lindsay Clandfield , Ben Goldstein , Ceri Jones , Philip Kerr
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UNIT OBJECTIVES

discuss the potential uses of robots in everyday life
talk about developments in artificial intelligenceacknowledge arguments and propose counterarguments
write an essay about AI in our homes
present a proposal for a robot helper

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■
■
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ROBOT
REVOLUTION

1START SPEAKINGA

Look at the picture. What does it suggest about the future? Do you think it’s a realistic vision of the future?
Why or why not?

B

In what ways do you think technology will change our lives in the future? What kinds of things (wearable
technology, personal robots, AI, etc.) do you imagine we’ll have in the next 20 years? The next 40 years?
In 100 years?

C

What kinds of robots do we already use?
Do you think robots are a positive
invention in general? Why or why not?
For ideas, watch Eric’s video.

EXPERT
SPEAKER
What examples can you thinkof to support Eric’s argument
and to counter it?

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1.1
1
A

LESSON OBJECTIVE

THE ROBOT TOUCH■

discuss the potential uses ofrobots in everyday life

LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT
1.02

PAIR WORK

THINK CRITICALLY What does the robot in

the ad look like? What, and who, do you think it’s for? What canit do? What can it probably not do? Listen to the infomercial andcheck your answers.
1.02 Audio script

I N T RO D U CI N G

MiRo!

The MiRo robot may look like a toy, but it is far from it. MiRo isa sophisticated piece of robotic engineering, and it is about toradically change the field of home health care.
Though still under development, MiRo will ultimately be part of acomplex system of sensors and communication networks that will
demonstrably improve the quality of life for elderly people. MiRo
robots will live with their owners 24/7, learn their routines, andmonitor their movements, which should drastically reduce accidents
in the home. They will be able to talk to their owners, as well –reminding them to take their medicine and helping them manage
appointments and remember visitors’ names. And if there’s a medical
emergency, MiRo will be able to call for help immediately.
Home health care alternatives are inevitably going to become anecessity for countries like Japan and the United States, which arefacing the challenge of caring for a progressively aging population.
Social services will certainly not be able to offer human care andcompanionship for everyone. Although robot companions are boundto be met with resistance initially, robots like MiRo will undoubtedlyease the burden on overstretched social services. The greater benefit,
however, will be to the elderly people they serve, who often sufferfrom loneliness and isolation.
MiRo could feasibly revolutionize elder care, making the lives of oursenior citizens easier, safer, and far more enjoyable.

2
A

CL I CK H ER E
TO ORDER YOURS TODAY!

Courtesy of Consequential Robotics

VOCABULARY: Using adverbs to add detail1.03 Look at the bold adverbs in the script. Which refer to the way something is done (manner)? Which ones

are a comment on the action by the speaker (commenting)? Make a chart like the one below and put them inthe correct category. Add the other adverbs from the box below. Then listen and check.
comprehensively
markedlyBCdramaticallypotentially

gradually
unquestionably

increasingly

Adverbs of manner

Commenting adverbs

radicallyultimately

Now go to page 141. Do the vocabulary exercises for 1.1.
PAIR WORK THINK CRITICALLY Apart from the elderly, who might benefit from having a robot companion?
Why? What problems could it solve? What problems might it create?

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Lindsay Clandfield , Ben Goldstein , Ceri Jones , Philip Kerr
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3

GRAMMAR: Commenting adverbs with future forms

A

Read the sentences in the grammar box. Circle the correct options to complete the rules.

Commenting adverbs with future forms
MiRo will undoubtedly ease the burden on overstretched social services.
Home health care alternatives are inevitably going to become a necessity.
Social services will certainly not be able to offer human companionship for everyone.
1 Adverbs of manner can be placed in different positions depending on what they modify. Commenting adverbs,
when used with future forms, are usually placed …

FIND IT

1■

2

before / after negative words such as not and never, or negative contractions such as won’t and aren’t.

■

3

before / after the verb be in the phrases be going to, be about to, and be bound to.

before / after the modal verb will.

Now go to page 129. Look at the grammar chart and do the grammar exercise for 1.1.

B
C■

PAIR WORK

Look at the commenting adverbs in the box below. Use a dictionary or your phone to look up
ones you don’t know. Then add commenting adverbs to the sentences so that they reflect your opinion.
Compare with your partner.
certainly
inevitably

clearlysurelyeventually
undoubtedly

evidently
unfortunately

1 This century will become the age of the robot.
2 Robots are going to change the way we live over the next few decades.
3 Robots will never be able to replace the human touch.
4 Robots are bound to take over for humans in a lot of different areas.
5 The robotics industry is about to make life a lot easier for all of us.

4

SPEAKINGA

GROUP WORK

THINK CRITICALLY Imagine a robot assistantfor the following jobs. What tasks do you think it could
feasibly take on? Would it do those tasks better, worse, or aswell as a human? What tasks would the human still have to do?
Use commenting adverbs to make your attitudes clearer.
■a clerk in a hotel■

a nurse in a hospital■a teacher in a kindergarten
As a hotel clerk, a robot will undoubtedly
be more accurate than a human. It mighteven be friendlier!

B

As a class, share the most interesting uses fora robot assistant that your group came up with.
Then discuss whether robot assistants areinevitable. Give reasons to support your opinion.

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1.2

LESSON OBJECTIVE

THE WONDERFULWORLD OF AI■

1LANGUAGE IN CONTEXTA

How would you define artificial intelligence? Does the idea scare you,worry you, or excite you? Why or why not?

B

1.04 Listen to part of a podcast interview in which a tech industry

talk about developments in
artificial intelligencereporter talks about developments in AI. How will AI be used in thenear future? How does the host feel about these uses?
1.04 Audio script

Reporter Industry experts predict that, by the end of the next decade, chatbots will
have replaced humans in all customer service call centers, but you won’t evenknow you’re talking to one. Computer-generated speech will have improved
so much that chatbots will sound just like humans.
Host

We’ll be having conversations with computers and not even know it? Impressive.

Reporter Plus, researchers are developing an app to help blind people “see.” It will use the camera on theirsmartphone to capture the area around them. Then, using a combination of image-recognition
software and speech to text, the app will convert the images into speech. Developers are integrating
facial recognition, too, so the app can announce when a friend is approaching. They have a working
prototype now, and they’re pretty confident they will have developed a beta version for testing by
the end of next year!
Host

What a great use of technology! What other developments can we expect to see soon?

Reporter Facial-recognition glasses – they’ll be linked to police databases to help pick out suspects in a crowd.
Host

Really? I’m not sure how I feel about that one.

C

PAIR WORK THINK CRITICALLY Why does the host feel nervous about the police using facial-recognition
glasses? What are some other possible uses for that technology? What pros and cons can you think of?

2

VOCABULARY: Talking about developments in technologyA

1.05 PAIR WORK Look at the technology terms in the box. Write them in the chart for all the things they
are associated with. Use a dictionary or your phone to help you. Listen and check.

FIND ITartificial intelligence (AI)computer-generated speech
virtual assistanttext to speech / speech to text

BCbeta version
computer translation
voice activation

chatbot
image recognition
voice recognition

Home computers

Smartphones

Airport securityOSchatbot

facial recognition

facial recognition
operating system (OS)working prototype

App development

Social media

PAIR WORK Which item from the box above is not yet commonly used? How long do you think it will be until
it is part of daily life?

Now go to page 141. Do the vocabulary exercises for 1.2.

4

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Lindsay Clandfield , Ben Goldstein , Ceri Jones , Philip Kerr
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3

GRAMMAR: Future perfect and future continuous

A

Read the sentences in the grammar box. Circle the correct options to complete the rules.

Future perfect and future continuous
By the end of the next decade, chatbots will have replaced humans in call centers.
We’ll be having conversations with computers and not even know it?
1 Use the future perfect and the future continuous to …
a describe situations in the future.
b make suggestions for things to do in the future.
2 Use will + have + past participle (future perfect) to talk about …
a actions that will be in progress at a given time in the future.
b actions that will be completed before a given time in the future.
3 Use will + be + verb + -ing (future continuous) to talk about …
a actions that will be in progress at a given time in the future.
b actions that will be completed before a given time in the future.
BC

Now go to page 129. Look at the grammar chart and do the grammar exercise for 1.2.
PAIR WORK You are going away this weekend to an unfamiliar location. A friend asks you a lot of questions
about your trip. Use the prompts to write the questions in either the future perfect or the future continuous,and check your accuracy. Compare with a partner.

1 a How / travel / there ?
How will you be traveling there?
b Who / meet / there ?
c What activities / do ?
2 a By the time the weekend is over, who / speak to ?
b What / see ?

ACCURACY CHECK
Remember not to change the form of
be in future continuous.
It’ll is raining by the time we get there. ✗It’ll be raining by the time we get there. ✓c What / do ?
D

PAIR WORK Answer the questions in exercise 3C and create a story about your weekend trip to tell yourpartner. Share your stories with another pair of students.

4

SPEAKINGA

GROUP WORK Make a list of ten machines and gadgets you have in your home right now. How does each one
help you or make life easier? Which of them do you think you’ll still be using ten years from now? Will you be
operating them, or will they depend on AI? For ideas, watch Eric’s video.

EXPERT
SPEAKERHow similar are yourpredictions to Eric’s?

B

What ordinary tasks or common devices today will
have been replaced by AI by the year 2050?
I think facial-recognition technology will have
replaced house and car keys long before 2050!
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1.3

I GET WHAT YOU’RESAYING …

1

LISTENING

A

Read the text message exchange. What is therelationship between the two texters? Why do you
think that?

B

1.06 LISTEN FOR ATTITUDE Listen to aconversation between two friends, Jeff and Dani.
What does Jeff think of Dani’s new app?

C

1.06 LISTEN FOR MAIN POINTS Listen again andtake notes on the positive and negative points
they make about chatbots. Compare answers witha partner.

LESSON OBJECTIVE■

acknowledge arguments andpropose counterarguments

4:10 pm

New Message

Yeah, but doesn’t cooking take acrazy amount of time and effort?
Not really. Going to thestore takes longer!
I can’t stop thinking about ice
cream. Chocolate maybe.

Positive:
I’d go for strawberry.

Negative:

D

2
A

B

PAIR WORK THINK CRITICALLY Look back at
exercise 1A. Are you surprised that this is actually achatbot conversation? Do you think computers will
ever be able to understand and develop emotions?
Why or why not?

What? I thought vanilla withchocolate sprinkles was your favorite.

Most days.
Sugar cravings are the worst.

PRONUNCIATION: Listening forcontrastive stress
1.07

PAIR WORK

Listen. Pay attention to theunderlined words. Why are they stressed?
Jeff

But it looks like a conversation with a friend.

Dani

Well, yeah, that’s the point. It’s a virtual friend.

Jeff

You mean a virtual assistant?

I have salt cravings.
Great. Now I want potato chips!

Send

1.08 Underline the words that have contrastive
stress. Listen and check. Practice saying thesentences with your partner. Focus on word stress.

1 You have your own, personal talking machine – a learning machine!
2 I mean, why did they design it? Who did they design it for?
3 You can’t always be there for me, but my bot can.
4 You’re starting to talk about this bot as if it were a real person.
C

Circle the correct words to complete the sentence.
When we want to clarify or correct what has been said, we often emphasize
the word with the 1new / old information and use a 2lower / higher pitch.

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3

SPEAKING SKILLS
1.06 Listen to Jeff and Dani’s conversation again. Check (✓) the expressions in the chart that they use.

A

Acknowledging arguments and proposing counterarguments
1 I can see how that might be interesting, but …
2 I understand what you’re saying, but I still don’t get it.
3 It’s a valid point, … but consider the other side.
4 You have a good point there.
5 I get where you’re coming from, but …
6 I hadn’t really thought of it like that. I guess you’re right.
7 I guess so, but I’m still not convinced.
8 You could look at it that way, but that doesn’t mean …
B

Look at the expressions in the chart. Why does the speaker say the bold words? What purpose do
they serve? What word is used to introduce a counterargument?

C

GROUP WORK One student reads the statement. The person to their left acknowledges it andoffers a counterargument. The next person to the left responds, etc. Change roles and start again.
Use different phrases.

Statement: I don’t think machines will ever be more intelligent than human beings.
I hear what you’re saying, but I think they can bebetter than us in some specific tasks.

I get where you’re coming from, but …

4

PRONUNCIATION: Saying expressions to show a counterargumentA

1.09 Listen to the expressions and pay attention to the intonation. Then circle the correct words tocomplete the sentence below.

I understand what you’re saying, but I still don’t get it.

I know, I know, and it’s a valid point.

Use a 1fall-rise / falling intonation to show you question the other speaker’s argument and a 2fall-rise / fallingintonation to say what you think is true.
1.10 Listen to the expressions. Check (✓) the ones where intonation suggests that the speaker is going toBintroduce a counterargument.
1 I guess so
2 I get where you’re coming from

4 That may be true
5 I can see how that might work

3 You could look at it that way
C

GROUP WORK Does technology always make life easier? Why or why not? Use the phrases in exercise 4B tointroduce counterarguments with appropriate intonation in your discussion.

5

SPEAKINGAPAIR WORK

THINK CRITICALLY Choose one of the statements and argue both sides of it. Acknowledge yourpartner’s arguments and propose counterarguments.

B■

A good friend is always there for you.

■

We spend far too much time in front of screens.

■

Travel broadens the mind.

Report back on your discussion. Summarize the arguments you were able to put forward in the time you had.

7

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1.4
1

■

write an essay about AI in our
homes

READINGA

A

LESSON OBJECTIVEROBOTICS TO
THE RESCUEBCPREDICT CONTENT FROM PICTURES Look at the pictures. Discuss how robots or robotics are being used in eachsituation to help humans. Read the article. Match the pictures to the correct sections.

ROBOTS AND HUMANS WORKING TOGETHER

W

hen we think of robots, we
often think of movies where
humans have lost control and robots
have taken over. But in reality, it
isn’t “us against them.” Robots arehelpmates in the workplace – more
R2D2 than replicant!
Long-distance operations

For centuries, the mining industry has
been dangerous work. More lives arelost and more workers are injured thanin any other private industry. That’s why
engineers are working with robots tomake mining safer. They’re bringing theminers up to the surface and sending
machines underground. The hope is thatthe death toll will have been reduced tozero in 20 years.
A great example of this effort is in thesearing heat and dust of the red desertof western Australia. Here, robotics,
AI, and satellite technology combine
to allow engineers to control mining
operations from the comfort of an officein Perth – 750 miles away. Driverless

BCtrucks, automated drilling machines,
and complex logistical programs can all be
run from a distance with minimal humanintervention on the ground and no risk of
injury or death.
They’ve got our backs
In the United States, tens of thousandsof manufacturing workers are injured
every year. They often perform the same
physical tasks over and over, which causes
strain to back, neck, and knee muscles
and can lead to permanent disabilities.
Millions of days of work are lost every year
because of injuries. But robots – or more
precisely, robotics – are helping reducethese figures.

A helping hand

Exosuits, or robotic vests, are being
adopted for jobs that include heavy,
repetitive work. In car manufacturing
plants, for example, exosuits gently
support the necks, backs, and shoulders
of workers as they reach up into theengines of cars on the production line
overhead. Watching the suit in action istruly amazing. It moves with the wearer

In the next 10 to 20 years, automationin dangerous jobs will have become
the norm. Exosuits will have becomecommon on the factory floor, no one
will be left waiting at a hotel reception
desk, and manufacturing workers will
never again complain of a bad back!

READ FOR DETAIL Read the article again. What are the three main waysthat robots are used? What kind of technology does each one require?
READ FOR ATTITUDE The editor of this article wants a new title that

introduces the main topic, draws in readers, and also indicates thewriter’s attitude (skeptical, optimistic, neutral). Share your ideas withthe class. Choose the best title.
Dand takes all the weight and strain of themanual work. Exosuits allow people towork more comfortably, which means
they take fewer breaks and make fewer
mistakes. One company estimates that thesuits have increased productivity by 85%.
The service industry is introducing robots
to provide, ironically, more personalized
service. In some hotels in Japan, a robot
helps out at reception. It greets guests
and can translate requests in a number ofdifferent languages. It guides guests totheir room and delivers messages, leaving
human clerks free to deal with more
complex transactions.

INSIDER ENGLISH
I’ve got your back. = I’m ready andwilling to help or defend you.

GROUP WORK THINK CRITICALLY Can you think what the disadvantages might be for each use? How do you
think the article might present the topic differently if it were written by a member of a labor union?

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2

WRITINGA

Read the essay. Which statement is it responding to? How do you know?
Robots are stealing our jobs.

Robots will make workplaces safer.

Robots will eventually do creative work.

Automation is inevitably going to be a feature of most workplaces. Machines are increasingly taking overdangerous jobs in industries such as mining and logging. They’re already making jobs easier in industries
that require a lot of manual labor, namely manufacturing and farming. They are also starting to appear in
the service industry, helping employees deal with customers in, for instance, hotels and airports.
Right now, automation feels good, helpful. But machines are moving from assisting humans to replacingthem. Take, for example, jobs that consist of repetitive, heavy tasks – loading trucks, stocking shelvesin stores, waiting tables in restaurants, just to name a few. What will human workers do when machines
take over all those jobs?
Optimists say that new jobs will replace these old jobs, that machines will never be as creative andinnovative as people, and that the human touch cannot be replaced. I’m not convinced. I see the growth ofautomation as a direct threat to employment. We should prepare ourselves to face a world without work.

B

EXEMPLIFY ARGUMENTS Look at how the bold expressions in the essay areused to refer to examples. Then write sentences using the prompts below.
Use a different expression each time.
1 robots / dangerous tasks / working underground
Robots will be able to take over dangerous tasks such as working underground.
2 exosuits / different settings / car manufacturing and hardware stores3 robots / tasks / offering simultaneous translation and greeting guests
4 job loss / in key industries / construction and transportation

REGISTER CHECK
In informal writing andspeaking, like can also
introduce examples.
I use my virtual assistant for
stuff like reminders, shopping
lists, looking something up
online, playing music.

WRITE ITC

PLAN Read the statement below. Do you agree or disagree with it? What examples can you

think of to support your opinion? What counterarguments can you imagine? Take notes.
Artificial intelligence is going to take over our homes.
D

PAIR WORK Look again at the essay in exercise 2A
and match each paragraph with its function.

Paragraph 1:

a Present argument(s)Paragraph 2:b State a personal opinion

Paragraph 3:

c Describe the current situation

Organize the ideas from your notes in the same way. Then work
together to write a three-paragraph essay in about 200 words.
E

GROUP WORK In small groups, read each other’s essays.
What are some of the most interesting examples
people used? Which examples do you think
are the most effective in supporting theirargument? Why?

9

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1.5

A

LESSON OBJECTIVE

TIME TO SPEAK
Professor Robot?

■

present a proposal for arobot helper

DISCUSS With one or two partners, look at the pictures. What is happening in each one? How might a robot
helper improve the situation? Could a robot replace the human in any of them?

B

PREPARE Choose one of the scenarios in the pictures (or a similar situation that you know about). Work
together to create a proposal for a robot helper. Follow the steps below.
Step 1 Identify the main problem(s). Outline the tasks your robot will perform to address them and thetechnology required.
Step 2 Consider the social and psychological effects of a robot helper. What external appearance should therobot have to blend in with the environment?
Step 3 Prepare your proposal. Decide which features to emphasize, the order in which to present them, and whotalks about what.

C

PRESENT Share your proposal with the class. As you listen to the others, take notes and write at least onequestion to ask about each proposal.

D

E

AGREE Discuss the proposals you have heard with students from other groups. Answer the questions.
■

Which robot design do you think is the most practical?

■

Which one(s) might be possible to make today?

■

Which idea would you be most likely to invest your own money in? Why?

Share your ideas as a class. Do you all agree? If you had to choose one of the robot helpers to invest in as a class,which one would it be?

To check your progress, go to page 153.

USEFUL PHRASESDISCUSSA robot could certainly … as well asa person, but maybe not …
Once … , people won’t … anymore.

PREPARE
It’s going to need to be able to …
In order to … , it’ll need …

PRESENT
We believe people will gradually …
With better AI, our robot
could feasibly …

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