INTRODUCTORY NOTE
It is with pride that the United Nations Asia and Far East Institute for the Prevention of Crimeand the Treatment of Offenders (UNAFEI) offers to the international community the Resource
Material Series No. 71.
This volume contains the work produced in the 132nd International Senior Seminar that wasconducted from 10 January to 9 February 2006 and the Eighth International Training Course onCorruption Control in Criminal Justice that was conducted from 24 October to 17 November 2005.
The main theme of the 132nd Seminar was, “Strengthening the Legal Regime for CombatingTerrorism”.
The threat terrorism poses to international peace and security has long been recognised by theinternational community. Prior to the attacks on the United States on 11 September 2001 theinternational community had already promulgated 12 of the current 13 international counterterrorism instruments. However, many countries had either failed to accede to these instruments
or failed to incorporate the provisions into their legislation and implement them.
In order for a country to effectively combat terrorism it needs an anti-terrorism legal regime
which will help prevent, detect and punish such offenders. It is also necessary that countries havein place legal instruments to combat transnational organized crimes and a financial system that
isn’t vulnerable to abuse by terrorists. Strengthening anti-terrorism legislation in accordance with
the Conventions and Protocols and implementing anti-terrorism measures in cooperation withother countries should have a significant impact on the prevalence of major terrorist attacks.
The attacks of 11 September prompted the Security Council of the United Nations to adopt
Resolution 1373 (2001) [SCR 1373] calling upon all States to become parties to the relevantinternational conventions and protocols. As a result 121 Member States have either ratified oracceded to at least 10 of the 13 instruments, and there is no longer any country that has neither
signed nor become a party to at least one of them. Nevertheless, recently a number of major
terrorist attacks have occurred including those in Indonesia, Madrid, Russia, London and India.
In order to fight terrorism effectively it is necessary that all countries become parties to andimplement the universal instruments against terrorism, as called upon by SCR 1373 and more
recently by the Bangkok Declaration of 2005, in order that there is no safe haven in which terrorist
can operate and hide. The aim of the 132nd International Senior Seminar was to assist efforts by
Member States in the fight against terrorism, in particular those efforts towards accession to andimplementation of the relevant legal instruments.
Corruption imposes a wide range of harmful effects on society. In particular, corruption by public
officials seriously undermines their integrity and neutrality in performing their official duties. Thiscan lead to the public’s distrust in the government and its institutions and may lead to its eventual
collapse. Corruption is a problem that constantly needs to be challenged and the reason UNAFEI
holds an international training course specifically on corruption control every year.
In recognition of the harm corruption can cause, especially in developing countries, and the factthat it can transcend national borders, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the UN
Convention against Corruption in 2003. The Convention came into force in December 2005 andrequires States Parties to implement a number of measures to tackle corruption in acomprehensive way, including measures directed at prevention, criminalization, international
cooperation, and asset recovery. It is hoped that all countries, including our participants’ countries,
will become party to this Convention and fully implement it, thereby taking a closer step towards
freeing the world from the grip of corruption.

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In this issue, in regard to the 132nd Seminar, papers contributed by visiting experts, selectedindividual presentation papers from among the participants, and the Reports of the Seminar arepublished. I regret that not all the papers submitted by the Seminar participants could be published.
In regard to the Eighth International Corruption Course the papers contributed by the visiting
experts are published.
I would like to pay tribute to the contributions of the Government of Japan, particularly theMinistry of Justice, the Japan International Cooperation Agency, and the Asia Crime Prevention
Foundation for providing indispensable and unwavering support to UNAFEI’s international trainingprogrammes.
Finally I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all who so unselfishly assisted in thepublication of this series; in particular, the editor of Resource Material Series No. 71, Mr. Simon
Cornell.
March 2007

Keiichi Aizawa
Director of UNAFEI