➨ 㸰 ❶ ⏕ᜥ㢌ᩘኚ໬࡟ཬࡰࡍᤕ⋓ຠᯝࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ
せ Ⅼ࣭ᩥ⊩࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓฟ⏕⋡ࠊṚஸ⋡ࢆඖ࡟ࠊ࢔ࣛ࢖ࢢ࣐ࡢಶయᩘࡢቑຍ⋡࡜ᤕ⋓ࡢຠᯝ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ࣭ึᮇ⏕ᜥ㢌ᩘࡀ  㢌ࡢሙྜࠊ⏕ᜥ㢌ᩘࢆῶᑡࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊᤕ⋓㢌ᩘ࡛ࡣẖᖺ 㢌௨ୖࠊᤕ⋓⋡࡛ࡣᖺᙜึࡢ⏕ᜥᩘࡢ 㸣௨ୖࢆẖᖺᤕ⋓ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࣭ᤕ⋓ᅽࠊᤕ⋓⋡࡜ࡶ࡟್ࢆ㧗ࡃࡍࡿ࡯࡝ࠊ᰿⤯࡟せࡍࡿᮇ㛫ࡣ▷ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ
㏻⟬ࡋ࡚ᤕ⋓ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸⣼✚ᤕ⋓㢌ᩘࡶᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ࣭ᆅᇦ࡟౵ධࡋࡓ࢔ࣛ࢖ࢢ࣐ಶయ⩌ࢆࠊῶᑡ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᰿⤯ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ౵ධึᮇ࡟ᙉ࠸ᤕ⋓ᅽࢆ᥃ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣭ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢ㝿࡟௬ᐃࡋࡓᩘ್ࡣࠊᖺࡸᆅᇦ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ኚືࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ⤖ᯝࡢゎ㔘࡟ࡣὀពࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⥅⥆ⓗ࡞ࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢㄪᰝ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ᜥ≧ἣࡢືྥࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡣࡌࡵ࡟࢔ࣛ࢖ࢢ࣐ࡢಶయᩘቑຍࡢᢚไࡸ᰿⤯࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࠊᤕ⋓ࡣᚲせ୙ྍḞ࡞ᡭẁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ❶࡛ࡣࠊ⡆౽࡞ࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࠊ࢔ࣛ࢖ࢢ࣐ࡢᤕ⋓ᩘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ⏕ᜥ㢌ᩘࡢ⤒ᖺኚ໬ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ኚࢃࡿ࠿ࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᤕ⋓࡟ࡼࡿ࢔ࣛ࢖ࢢ࣐ࡢಶయᩘㄪᩚࡢຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡟ᚲせ࡞ฟ⏕⋡ࡸṚஸ⋡ࡢ್ࡣࠊ᫬ᮇࡸᆅᇦ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ኚືࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢරᗜ┴࡛ࡢ್ࡣ୙࡛᫂࠶ࡾࠊ⏕ᜥ㢌ᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᢕᥱࡣ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㝈⏺ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊᮏ❶࡛ࡣࠊᩥ⊩㈨ᩱ࠿ࡽ㐣ཤࡢ௚ࡢᆅᇦࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆඖ࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊྍ⬟࡞⠊ᅖࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠊࠋ ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ⤖ᯝࡢゎ㔘ࡸά⏝ࡢ⠊ᅖࡣࠊࡑࡢ㝈⏺ࢆ༑ศ࡟ࢃࡁࡲ࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᮏ❶ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊእ᮶⏕≀ᑐ⟇࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠊಶయᩘࡢቑຍ࡜ᤕ⋓┠ᶆࡢタᐃ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᇶᮏⓗ࡞ཎ⌮ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊ኱ࡲ࠿࡞┠Ᏻࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ᭷⏝࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊᐇ㝿࡟ᚲせ࡞ᤕ⋓㢌ᩘࡢ᥎ᐃࡸࠊᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ᪋⟇ࡢຠᯝ᳨ド࡞࡝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊู㏵ࠊィ⏬ⓗ࡞ࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠸ࠊ༑ศ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜㐺ษ࡞ࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚ゎᯒࢆ⾜࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋʵɹɹʵN(t)=N2f (t)+ N2m(t)+ N1f(t)+ N1m(t)N2f(t)(1)

N2m(t)

N1f(t)

N1m(t)t

t+1

N2f (t+1)=(1-M2)N2f (t)+(1-Mj)N1f (t)-CHaHf(2)

N2m(t+1)=(1-M2)N2m(t)+(1-Mj)N1m(t)-CHa(1-Hf)(3)

N1f (t+1)=f (1-Mi) (1-Mj) [P2Y2N2f (t)+ P1Y1N1f (t)]-C (1-Ha)Hf(4)

N1m(t+1)=(1-f ) (1-Mi) (1-Mj) [P2Y2N2f (t)+ P1Y1N1f (t)]-C (1-Ha)(1-Hf)

(5)

(t)

t+1N2f (t+1)= [(1-M2)N2f (t)+(1-Mj)N1f (t)] (1-haf )(6)

N2m(t+1)= [(1-M2)N2m(t)+(1-Mj)N1m(t)] ( 1-ham)(7)

N1f (t+1)= [PaYaNaf (t)+ PjYjNjf (t)] f (1-Mi) (1-Mj) ( 1-hjf )(8)

N1m(t+1)= [P2Y2N2f (t)+ P1Y1N1f (t)] (1- f ) (1-Mi) (1-Mj)( 1-hjm)

(9)

(2)

(5)

(6) (9)(1)ʵɹɹʵtt+1⾲㸯 ␎ᘧグྕࡢࣜࢫࢺグྕ㻯㼒㻴㼍㻴㼒㼔 㼍㼒㼔 㼍㼙㼔 䡆㼒㼔 䡆㼙㻹㻞㻹㼕㻹㼖㻺 㻝㼒㻺 㻝㼙㻺 㻞㼒㻺 㻞㼙㻼㻝㻼㻞㼅㻝㼅㻞グྕ䛾ព࿡ᤕ⋓㢌ᩘᆅᇦಶయ⩌୰䛾㞤䛾๭ྜᤕ⋓㢌ᩘᙜ䛯䜚䛾ᡂ⋇䠄㻝 ṓ௨ୖ䠅䛾๭ྜ㞤䛾ᤕ⋓๭ྜ㻝 ṓ௨ୖ䛾㞤䛾ᤕ⋓๭ྜ㻝 ṓ௨ୖ䛾㞝䛾ᤕ⋓๭ྜ㻝 ṓᮍ‶䛾㞤䛾ᤕ⋓๭ྜ㻝 ṓᮍ‶䛾㞝䛾ᤕ⋓๭ྜ㻞 ṓ௨ୖ䛾ಶయ䛾⮬↛Ṛஸ⋡ᕢ❧䛱๓䛾ಶయ䛾⮬↛Ṛஸ⋡ᕢ❧䛱䛛䜙 㻝 ṓ䛾ᮇ㛫䛾ಶయ䛾⮬↛Ṛஸ⋡䠍ṓ䛾㞤䛾ಶయᩘ䠍ṓ䛾㞝䛾ಶయᩘ㻞 ṓ௨ୖ䛾㞤䛾ಶయᩘ㻞 ṓ௨ୖ䛾㞝䛾ಶయᩘ䠍ṓ䛾㞤䛾ዷፎ⋡㻞 ṓ௨ୖ䛾㞤䛾ዷፎ⋡䠍ṓ䛾㞤䛾⏘Ꮚᩘ㻞 ṓ௨ୖ䛾㞤䛾⏘Ꮚᩘ௬ᐃࡋࡓ್
ୖ㏙ࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚⾜࠺ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢኚᩘࡢ್ࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟௬ᐃࡋࡓࠋձ ึᮇ⏕ᜥ㢌ᩘ N(0)=100 㢌ղ ึᮇࡢ㱋ᵓᡂ๭ྜࡣ㸯ṓ 40㸣ࠊ㸰ṓ௨ୖ 60㸣࡜௬ᐃࡍࡿࠋճ ึᮇࡢᛶẚࡣࠊ1㸸1 ࡜௬ᐃࡍࡿࠋմ ᤕ⋓࢔ࣛ࢖ࢢ࣐ࡢ㱋ᵓᡂࡣࠊᙜᖺ௘ 40㸣ࠊ㸯ṓ௨ୖ 60㸣࡜௬ᐃࡍࡿࠋյ ᤕ⋓࢔ࣛ࢖ࢢ࣐ࡢᛶẚࡣ㞤㞝 50㸣ࡎࡘ࡜௬ᐃࡍࡿࠋն 㞤ࡢዷፎ⋡ࡣࠊ2 ṓ௨ୖ࡛ 96㸣ࠊ㸯ṓ࡛ 66㸣࡜௬ᐃࡍࡿࠋշ 㞤ࡢ⏘Ꮚᩘࡣࠊ2 ṓ௨ୖࡀ 3.9 㢌ࠊ㸯ṓࡀ 3.6 㢌࡜௬ᐃࡍࡿࠋո ⮬↛Ṛஸ⋡ࡣ 2 ṓ௨ୖࡀ 15㸣ࠊᕢ❧ࡕᚋ㸯ṓࡲ࡛ࡢࡶࡢࡀ 30㸣ࠋչ ᕢෆࡢᗂ⋇ࡢṚஸ⋡ࡣ 35㸣࡜௬ᐃࡍࡿࠋպ ᖺ㛫ࡢᤕ⋓㢌ᩘࡣ 30ࠊ40ࠊ50ࠊ60ࠊ70 㢌/ᖺࡢ 5 ẁ㝵ࠊᤕ⋓⋡ࡣ 5%ࠊ10%ࠊ
25%ࠊ33%ࠊ50%ࡢ㸳ࡘࡢࢣ࣮ࢫࢆ௬ᐃࡍࡿࠋ
࡞࠾ࠊնշ࡛♧ࡋࡓ್ࡣ Asano et al. (2003)࡟ࡼࡿ໭ᾏ㐨ࡢ࢔ࣛ࢖ࢢ࣐ಶయ⩌ࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡢ್ࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋոࡣ Gehrt and Fritzell (1999)࡟ࡼࡿ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜ࡛ࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡢ್ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࣔࢹࣝࡢィ⟬࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࠊ➼ᘧ  㹼  ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶྑ㎶ࡀ㸯ᮍ‶ࡢሙྜࡣ㸮࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓࠋʵɹɹʵ

1100ʵɹɹʵ
2ʵɹɹʵ
ʵɹɹʵ
(Asano, et al. 2003)ʵɹɹʵරᗜ┴ෆ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ࢔ࣛ࢖ࢢ࣐ࡢฟἐࡍࡿ㞟ⴠᩘࠊ⿕ᐖ㢠ࠊᤕ⋓ᩘࡣᛴ⃭࡟ቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ≧ἣࢆࡩࡲ࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊᤕ⋓ᩘࡢቑຍ࡟ࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡍࠊ࢔ࣛ࢖ࢢ࣐ࡢ⏕ᜥಶయᩘࡣࠊ࠿࡞ࡾࡢࢫࣆ࣮ࢻ࡛ቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࢔ࣛ࢖ࢢ࣐ࡣࠊ㎰ᴗ⿕ᐖࡸᐙᒇ౵ධ࡞࡝ࡢ⾨⏕⿕ᐖࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍື≀࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ௬࡟≉ᐃእ᮶⏕≀࡜ࡋ࡚᰿⤯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᨺᲠࡍࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ⿕ᐖᑐ⟇࡜ࡋ୍࡚ᐃࡢ๭ྜࡢಶయࡢᤕ⋓ࡣ㑊ࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ⤖ᯝࡣࠊ⏕ᜥࡍࡿ࢔ࣛ࢖ࢢ࣐ࡢ㸱ศࡢ㸯௨ୖࢆᤕ⋓ࡋ࡚࠸࠿࡞࠸࡜ࠊ࢔ࣛ࢖ࢢ࣐ࡣቑຍࢆ⥆ࡅࠊ⣼✚ࡢᤕ⋓ᩘࡶከࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࢔ࣛ࢖ࢢ࣐ࡢቑຍࢆチࡍࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡉࡽ࡟ከࡃࡢ࢔ࣛ࢖ࢢ࣐ࡢᤕ⋓ࢆᆅᇦ඲య࡟ᙉ࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠋእ᮶⏕≀ᑐ⟇ࡣࠊ౵ධึᮇ࡟ᙉ࠸ᤕ⋓ᅽࢆ᥃ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙉ࠸ᤕ⋓ᅽࢆ᥃ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ▷ᮇⓗ࡟ࡣ⾜ᨻ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᆅᇦఫẸ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢ⤒῭ⓗ࣭ປຊⓗ㈇ᢸࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㛗ᮇⓗ࡟⿕ࡿ⿕ᐖࡸᚲせ࡞ᤕ⋓ᩘࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊࡇࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢ♧ࡍ࡜࠾ࡾࠊᙜึ࠿ࡽ୍ᐃ௨ୖࡢᙉ࠸ᤕ⋓ᅽ࠿ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ⤖ᯝⓗ࡟ࡣࠊᤕẅࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࢔ࣛ࢖ࢢ࣐ࡢᩘࢆῶࡽࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ⾜ᨻ࣭ᆅᇦఫẸ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢ⤒῭ⓗ࣭ປຊⓗ㈇ᢸࡀ㍍ῶࡉࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᆅᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔ࣛ࢖ࢢ࣐⿕ᐖࢆ᭱ᑠ㝈࡟࠾ࡉ࠼ࠊ↓┈࡞ẅฎศࡢᩘࢆቑࡸࡉ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊᆅᇦ࡬ࡢ࢔ࣛ࢖ࢢ࣐ࡢ౵ධࡢ᪩ᮇⓎぢ࡜✚ᴟⓗ࡞ᤕ⋓ࢆ⾜࡞࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࠋ ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩
1.

Asano, M., Matoba, Y., Ikeda, T., Suzuki, M., Asakawa, M. and Ohtaishi, N.
(2003) Reproductive characteristics of the feral raccoon (Procyon lotor) in
Hokkaido, Japan. J. Vert. Med. Sci. 65(3): 369-373.

2.

Gehrt.D and Fritzell. E.K. (1999) Survivorship of a Nonharvested RaccoonPopulation in South Texas Stanley. J. Wildl.Manage., 63(3): 889-894.

ʵɹɹʵ