A. Marzo11k & M. Abou-El-Enein: Calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraphy.., p. 113-121.

Journal of Nannoplankton Research, 19, 2, 1997.

CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE
LATE CRETACEOUS - EARLY TERTIARY OF WADI FEIRAN
AND GEBEL QABELIAT, SW SINAI, EGYPT*
Akmal M. Marzouk, Geology Dept., Faculty a/Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt &Mohamed K. Abou-EI-Enein, Geology Dept., Faculty a/Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt*This article was originally intended for publication in the Proceedings of the 6th INA Conference, Copenhagen. Unforeseen difficulties
caused by the amalgamation of the journals of the Danish and Greenland Geological Surveys resulted in no proceedings being
published.
Abstract: A biostratigraphic study of the Upper Cretaceous-Lower Tertiary rocks of Wadi Feiran andGebel Qabcliat, SW Sinai has allowed the application of several calcareous nannofossil biozones. A
Cretaceous/Tertiary nannofloral break is present in the two studied sections and the magnitude of the
hiatus is greater to the south, at G. Qabeliat. This boundary occurs somewhere at the top of the Sudr Chalkin the W. Feiran section and in the lowermost part of the Esna Shale in the G. Qabe liat section. No
nannofloral break was observed within the Esna Shale at the Paleocene/Eocene boundary in the sections.

Description of the studied sections

Introduction

The studied succession comprises two lithostratigraphic
units, the Sudr Chalk and the Esna Shale (Figure 2). Abovethe Esna Shale is the Thebes Formation, which was outside the scope of the present study.

The stratigraphy of the Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary
rocks in Sinai has attracted the attention of many authors(e.g. Nakkady, 1949, 1950; Said&Kenawy, 1956; Ghorab,
1961; Abdel Malik, 1967; Abdel Malik et al., 1978a, b;
Masters, J 984; Khalil, 1986; Hewaidy, 1987; Abou-El Enein,
1989; Cherif et al., 1989; El-Dawoody, 1992; Ismail, 1992).
The objective of this work was to study the calcareous
nannoplankton present in the Wadi Feiran and Gebel
Qabeliat sections (Figure I) and to provide a biozonationof this area.
33°30'

Sudr Chalk: generally consists of a sequence of white
chalk with marly limestones, or with a limestone sequenceintercalated with chert beds. In the study area, the Sudr
Chalk varies greatly in thickness from one section to another. At W. Feiran it is 119.5m thick, whereas it measures
92.~mat G. Qabeliat.

Esna Shale: includes all the greenish-'

grey shale succession with its associatedmarly limestone. The thickness of thisformation varies from 38.5m at W. Feiran
to 33.5m at G. Qabeliat.

!10

Biostratigraphic remarks

28
4d

.,

~

C

Q

~~

r

"'

...<~

~

N

IOKm

<l'
0

U111>er Maastrichtian

'Cl
• ~.

L E G E N D~ Boaement(Precombf'ion)@ Eocene~ t:,u0~:::i~d--~~~~~

N•ottne

LJ

Quaternary

II§ Cenomonion Turonion/ Boundary be tween bloc ka_,./l'aull/I ~Cretacaou1 J

ln most of the studied samples, thenannofossils are abundant to common
and their preservation is generally good.
The distribution of nannofossils in thesections, their abundances and state ofpreservation are shown in Figures 3 and 4.
The zonation used in this study,
compiled by Sissingh ( 1977) and PerchNielsen ( 1985), is most applicable for theUpper Cretaceous, and the Martini ( 1971)
biozonation scheme was adopted for the
Paleocene and Lower Eocene.

XX Fold•~~ Sanonlan - Paleo cene

Figure 1: Geological map of the area, showing Wadi Feiran and Gebel Qabeliat, SW Sinai(after Cherif el al., 1989).

113

CC25a - Arkhangelskie/la cymbi(ormis
Zone:
This is the oldest zone recognised in thesections and is represented by the lower
two-thirds of the Sudr Chalk at both G.
Qabeliat and W. Feiran. It varies from
63m to 91m thick in the two sections,
respectively. The lower boundary of thiszone could not be delineated because of================

Journal of Nannoplankton Research, 19, 2, 1997.

A. Jv/arzouk & M. Abou-EI-Enein: Calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraphy.. , p. 113-121.

here, indicating that the top of theMaastrichtian may be missing in thestudied sections .

Wadi Feiran section

...
"'

<[

Cretaceous/Tertiary (Kfl)boondary
The KIT boundary lies somewhereat the top of the Sudr Chalk at W.

Gebel Qabeliat section

w

z

w

(.)

.,"'

@

<[

w

z

0

i

a:

It
TH.

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w

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z
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.J

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~

0

w
w
.J

~

Not studied

w
.J

47

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36

30

<[

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en

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10

~
.J

~

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z

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/~= I
g:g

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<(

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en

:!!:

10

.J

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Q

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Shale
Chalk

~ Limestone
Q:

2

Q

~ Morlyti:'.::i:l Lrmestone

::J

en

~ Cherty
1:EJ3 Limestone

Figure 2: Stratigraphical sections of the study area.

the absence of Reinhardtites levis, which marks the baseof CC25a by its last occurrence (LO). The most abundantspecies in the zone is A. cymbiformis.

Paleocene
NP3 - Chiasmo/ithus danicus Zone:
This zone is the oldest-recognised
nannofossil zone in the Paleocene at
W. Feiran. It is recorded in the basal
l.5m of the Esna Shale, overlying
CC25c in the Sudr Chalk. Due to thepresence of a marked hiatus

spanning CC26b (probably) and Zones NPI and NP2 (uppermost Maastrichtian-Lower Paleocene), the lowest
Paleocene can easily be recognised where the typical Cretaceous nannoflora becomes extinct and Tertiary
nannofossils take over.

CC25b - 'Lilhraphidites quadratus Subzone':The base of this subzone is recognised by the first occurrence (FO) of L. quadratus. It is recorded in the 16.5m of
Sudr Chalk overlying the A. cymbiformis Zone. Theimportant common species are L. quadratus and A.

NP4 - Ellipsolithus macellus Zone:
The base of this zone is delineated at the FO of E. mace I/us.
It corresponds to the 2.5m of Esna Shale overlying NP3 at
W. Feiran. NP4 contains similar nannofossil associations
to NP3, in addition to the marker species.

cymbiformis.

CC25c - 'lvficula murus Subzone':
This zone is represented in the upper part of the Sudr
Chalk at W. Feiran, whilst it occupies the upper part of theSudr Chalk and the base of the Esna Shale at G. Qabeliat.
The thickness of this zone is upto -13m. The importantcommon species recognised are A. cymbiformis, L.
quadratus and 1\f. murus.
The marker species of the uppermost Maastrichtiannannofossil subzone, Micula prinsii, was not observed

Feiran and in the lowermost part of
the Esna Shale at G. Qabeliat. In the
study area, this boundary can be
drawn at the top of CC25c, and ischaracterised by the extinction ofCretaceous species. A hiatus ispresent at the boundary in the studied sections and the magnitude of the
hiatus is greater to the south at G.
Qabeliat (Figure 5).
The top of the Maastrichtian
at W. Feiran coincides with the Sudr
Chalk/Esna Shale contact. At G.
Qabeliat, the top of the Maastrichtian
occurs within the lowermost part of
the Esna Shale. It is worth mentioning that Masters ( 1984) recorded the
KIT boundary at the top of the Sudr
Formation at W. Feiran and within the
Esna Shale at Gebel Araba andHammam Saidina Musa. He mentioned that to the S, at G. Araba andHammam Saidina Musa, the entire
Paleocene is missing.

NP5 - Fasciculithus tympani[ormis Zone:
The base ofNP5 is drawn at the FO of F. tympaniformis,
This zone corresponds to the l.5m of the Esna Shale overlying NP4 at W. Feiran. It is characterised by the following taxa: F. tympaniformis, F.janii, F. bi/Iii andF. u/ii.

114===============A . .lv/arzouk & M. Abou-El-Enein: Calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraphy.. , p. 113-121.

Journal of Nannoplankton Research, 19, 2, 1997.

Cl)

w

z
z

0
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0 w~
z 0~

<ii
Cl)

~

w

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a::

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NP 10 H-+-H-+-+-4-+~H-+-H-+-+-4-'-H-+-+-+-a+-+-4-++-l-flJJ-H-+-H-l"'l-'-li.+-H-t-H-l'l l'!+-'f-J
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:
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.....

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LEGEND
Abundance
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CommonAbundant

E

: : I

I

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:

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w

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C/l

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II I

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I
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P PoorM Moderate
G Good---~---1-

_,_

f-1-

H-

:

Figure 3: Distribution chart of calcareous nannofossils in the Wadi Feiran section.

NP6 Heliolithus kleinpellii Zone:
The base of NP6 is drawn at the FO of H. kleinpelfii. It
corresponds to the 2m of Esna Shale overlying NPS at W.
Feiran. The most common species in this zone are F
tympaniformis and H. kleinpellii.
NP7/8 Discoaster moh/eri/He/iolithus riedelii Zones:
This interval is identified from the FO ofD. mohleri to the
FO of D. multiradiatus, thus NP7 and NP8 have beencombined owing to the absence of the marker species forthe base ofNP8, H. riede/ii, following Romein (1979). It
corresponds to the Sm of Esna Shale overlying NP6 at W.
Feiran.

115

NP9 Discoaster multiradiatus Zone:
This zone is the youngest Palaeocene Zone recorded in
the Esna Shale at W. Feiran. At G. Qabeliat, NP9 is the
only Upper Paleocene zone recorded in the Esna Shale,
where it overlies CC25c, with a considerable hiatus spanning CC26b and NP! to NP7/8 (Figure 5). The thicknessof this zone reaches about 8.5m in the studied sections. It
is characterised by a distinct nannofossil assemblage. NP9
is recorded from several localities in Egypt (e.g. Sadek,
I 971; Perch-Nielsen et al., 1978; El-Dawoody, 1992,
1994; Faris, 1993).

lJournal of Nannoplankton Research, 19, 2, 1997.

A. Marzouk & M. Abou-El-Enein: Calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraphy.. , p. 113-121.

U)

w

z
0
N

z

l&I
(!)

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l&I
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51 A G
50 A G
49 AM
48 CM
47 CM
46 CM
45 CM
44 CM
43 CM
42 AG
41 AG

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Cl>

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39 AG
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l&I

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lLI.:

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36 AM
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:
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31 AG
I
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:
: :
II I I I
29 AM
: I
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: I I I :
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'
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l
I
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: I
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24 AG
l : ! :l l
23 AG
! -. II I I I
22 C P
: :
:
I
21 AG
l l
I I :
I :
20 C M 0> u
I I
19 AG ~ t0
I I
I
18 AG :::, ~I I: I
17 A G E <.>II
I 11
16 CM ~
: I I
15 AG
J1
LEGEND
14 AM "'I
13 A G ~ .oI
Abundance
Preservation ,_12 A G ~ 10I
11 AG ~ C\I
P Poor1..a;~---..;..'-!-l-l--+-l..a+-+.:..+IWl-l-++-+-l---1-1-+-+-+-+-+-I R
Ra re:::, (.)
10 AG C7 (.)
Few
9 CM _j
M Moderate L'8 AG
CommonG Good7 AIG ~
Abundant
6 AM ~ 0'5CPOIO::
l-4~~F.+;,P,-l ~ C\I
l

l

w

a:
a

.J

Cl)

1<t

:::,

-+-+-+-+--++++-,~

~
i: ~
:::

3 F P [
2 B - '-'I F """"P <t

8I

UI l : I

Figure 4: Distribution chart of calcareous nannofossils in the Gebel Qabeliat section.

Paleocene/Eocene {PIE) boundary

Lower Eocene

This boundary is marked by the FO of Tribrachiatus
nunnii (= T bramlettei), which also marks the base of
NPIO. The FO ofDiscoaster diastypus was used by Okada& Bukry (1980) to recognise this boundary. The occurrence of both taxa in these sections is used as a marker inthe present study. This boundary occurs within the Esna
Shale without any remarkable change in the lithology.

NPIO - Tribrachiatus contortus Zone:
This zone corresponds to the 3-6m of Esna Shale overlying NP9 at both W. Feiran and G. Qabeliat. The base of thezone is defined by the FO of T nunnii, and is characterised by the following taxa: Discoaster binodosus, D.
barbadiensis, D. diastypus, Ericsonia formosa, Sphenolithus moriformis, S. radians, T contortus and T
orthostylus.

116===============

A. Marzouk & M. Aho11-El-F:nein: Cakareous nannoplankton hiostratigraphy... p. 113-121.

Journal of Nannoplankton Research, 19, 2, 1997.

WADI FEIRAN SECTION -----62 k~--.. GEBEL QABELIAT SECTION
NW-SE
z

~0

.

...
"'...

0

i=

..J

0
:,:
I-

:It

ex

...

>-

"'

0

J

0

..J

0
:,:

I-

J

w
w
__J
z
w.::: <(
uo :I:O ILi Cl)
w

z

0

~:It
ex

~

H.

w

NPII

__J
<[

:I:

Cl)

W C

z .2

Wu
u

C <[

0~ z

<(

z

~ I- Cl)

a: ci

w

(/)

w

in age from Upper Maastrichtian(CC25a) to Lower Eocene (NPI I).
2. The Kff boundary occurs at the
top ofthe Sudr Chalk in the W Feiran
section and in the lowermost part of
the Esna Shale at G. Qabeliat.

3. A Kff boundary nannofloral breakis present in both sections, but themagnitude of the hiatus is greater tothe south, at G. Qabeliat.
4. No nannofloral break was observedin the Esna Shale at the PIE boundary.

Acknowledgements
Llthrophidites quodrotus Zone

cc 25 b

::.:
__J
<(

:I:

u
::.:
__J
<( -

:I: -

u

z
<[

I:I:

Arkhongelskiello cymbiformis Zone
cc 250.

u ....

0:: 0

I-

Cl)
<(
<(

:::1'

0::
0
0::

SCALE

0

2!5

:::)

m.

Figure 5: Correlation between the Sinai sections.

NPl I - Discoaster binodosus Zone:
The base of NP 11 is drawn at the LO of 7: contortus. NP 11
is the youngest zone recognised in the studied sections. It
is represented by the upper part of the Esna Shale. It is- I 6m thick in both sections. The most characteristic species of NP 11 are D. binodosus, D. barbadiensis. S.
moriformis, S. radians, Chiasmollthus eograndis, Zygrhablithus bijugatus and T orthostylus.

Summary and conclusions
Investigation of the nannofloras of the Upper CretaceousLower Tertiary succession in W Feiran and G. Qabcliat,
SW Sinai has led to the following conclusions:

I ll m.:::;J,.1[assil sub):zoocs are re:ognisable al\\~ Feiran..
~SIX~~
J . . _,...._,..._....._ Tbe zeees raage(/)

We arc very grateful to Dr. Jackie A.
Burnett (UCL) for useful comments
and a review of the manuscript.
References
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Zeneim a area, Western Sinai,
Egypt. MSc thesis, Ain Shams University, Cairo: 229pp ..
Abdel Malik, WM., Bassiouni, M.A.,
Kcrdany, M.T. & Obeid, F.L. 1978.
Biostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous-Lower Tertiary rocks from
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Colloque Afric ain de Microp aleon tolo gie
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Abou-El Encin, M.K. 1989. Die Foraminiferen fauna der
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Eocene ~ in Egypt Bulletin of the Faculty of Sci- ..-..a. I ~;19

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PLATE 1All figures xl250

Figs 1-2: Arkhangelskiella cymbiformis Vekshina. ·sample# 15, W Feiran.
Figs 3-4: Lithraphidites quadratus Bramlette & Martini. Sample #12, G. Qabeliat.
Figs 5-6, J'euupodo,habdu, decorus (Deflandre ;n Dofland<e & Fert) Wind & Wisc ;n Wise & Wind Sampk #23, W
Feiran.

Fig.7: Microrhabdulus decoratus Deflandre. Sample #18, G. Qabeliat.
Figs 8, 21: Micula st,aurophora (Gardet) Stradner. Sample# 15, G. Qabeliat.
Figs 9-10: Cribrosphaerella ehrenbergii (Arkhangelsky) Deflandre in Piveteau. Sample #23, W Feiran.
Figs 11-12: Manivitella pemmatoidea (Deflandre in Manivit) Thierstein. Sample #16, W. Feiran.
Figs 13-14: Lithraphidites carnwlensis Deflandre. Sample# 12, G. Qabeliat.
Figs 15-16: Eiffellithus turriseiffetii (Deflandre in Deflandre & Fert) Reinhardt. Sample# 17, G. Qabeliat.
Figs 17-19: Watznaueria barnesae (Black in Black& Barnes) Perch-Nielsen. Sample #15, W. Feiran.
Fig.20: Prediscosphaera cretacea (Arkhangelsky) Gartner. Sample #22, G. Qabeliat.

Figs 22-23: Placozygus sigmoides (Bramlette & Sullivan) Romein. Sample #25, W. Feiran.
Fig. 24: Thoracosphaera operculata Bramlette& Martini. Sample #26. G. Qabeliat.

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A. Marzo 11k & M. Abo11-EI-Enein: Calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraphy.. , p. 113-121.

Journal of Nannoplankton Research, 19, 2, 1997.

PLATE 1119============================

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Journal of Nannoplankton Research, 19, 2, 1997.

A. Marzouk & M. Abou-E/-Enein: Calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraphy.., p. 113-121.

PLATE 2All figures x 1250
Figs 1-2: Chlasmolithus danicus (Brotzcn) Hay & Mohler. Sample #25, W Fciran.
Figs 3-4: Neochiastozygusjunctus (Bramlette & Sullivan) Perch-Nielsen. Sample #43, W Feiran.
Fig.5: Dlscoaster multiradiatus Bramlette & Riedel. Sample #27, G. Qabeliat.
Figs 6- 7: Ellipsolithus macellus (Bramlette & Sullivan) Sullivan. Sample #27, W Feiran,Fig.8: Fasciculithus tympaniformis Hay & Mohler. Sample #29. W Feiran.
Figs 9-10: Pontosphaera multipora (Kamptner) Roth. Sample #27, G. Qabcliat.
Figs 11-12: Transversopontis pulcher (Dc11andrc in Del1andre & Fcrl) Perch-Nielsen. Sample #58. W Fciran.
Fig.13: Tribrachiatus contortus (Stradncr) Bukry. Sample #35. G. Qabcliat.
Fig.14: Tribrachiatus nunnii (Bronnimann & Stradncr) Proto Decima er al.. Sample #33, G. Qabeliat.
Figs 15-16: Heliolithus k/einpellii Sullivan. Sample #31, W Fciran,Fig.I 7: Tribrachiatus orthostylus Shamrai. Sample #52. W Feiran,Figs 18-19: Discoaster blnodosus Martini. Sample #50, G. Qabeliat.

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A. Marzouk & M. Ahou-EI-Enein: Cakareous nannoplankton biostratigraphy.. , p. 113-121.

PLATE2

IIJ================121

Journal of Nannoplankton Research, 19, 2, 1997.