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UNIT OBJECTIVES

talk about how we deal with change
talk about past difficulties
discuss issues and agree strongly
write an opinion essay
talk about daily life in the past

■
■
■
■
■

STEP
FORWARD

1

START SPEAKINGADescribe what you see in this picture. What do you think is special about the girl’s right hand? Read the caption
and check.

B

In what ways can 3D-printed objects improve our lives? How might a 3D-printed object cause us problems?

C

Talk about something you often use or do that
has improved your life. This could be an app,a gadget, or something else.

DWith a partner, list some other helpful inventions.
How can they help us? For ideas, watch
Jacqueline’s video.

EXPERT
SPEAKER
What do you think of
Jacqueline’s example?

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1.1

LESSON OBJECTIVE

LIFE CHANGES■

talk about how we deal
with change

1

LANGUAGE IN CONTEXTA

What are some of the biggest changes that people experience in life? Are they positive or negative?

B

1.02 Read and listen to an episode from Christa Garcia’s podcast “No Fear.” What lifechanges does she mention?
1.02 Audio script

Ten months ago, as regular listeners will know, I made two big life changes: I moved toa new city, and I changed jobs. My work situation wasn’t great: I’d just lost a job, and I
couldn’t find a single engineering position anywhere in Florida. Then this job in Chicago
came up. It was perfect and too good to refuse. But … but … but … .
I’d lived in Florida all my life. My family was here, and my friends. And I was frightened oftackling a new job. Plus, it’s really cold in Chicago, and this girl is 100% Florida. You knowwhat I mean?
I said to my brother, “I can’t take all this change!” He just said, “Get a grip, Christa. You’re
perfectly capable of handling all this.”
After I stopped being mad at him for not being more understanding, I realized that I’m always looking for an
excuse to avoid change, and I’ll do anything to keep my life simple. And I’m not alone. We often talk negatively
about the future, don’t we? We tend to fear change. And when we’re feeling scared, we underestimate
our ability to cope with things. But actually, we adapt to new situations extremely well. Think about hugechanges like starting college, getting your first job, having a baby – people get through challenges like this
all the time. We should accept that we’re terrific at surviving, and instead of resisting change, we should
welcome it. That’s what I did, and now life is good, and that’s a real step forward!

C

1.02 Read and listen again. What did Christa realize about people’s ability to change? How did her own

attitude change?

2
A
FIND ITVOCABULARY: Facing challenges
1.03

PAIR WORK

Look at the expressions in the box. Look at how they’re used in the podcast and describe
each one using other words. Use a dictionary or your phone to help you. Then listen and check.
acceptcan’t takesurviveBC

adapt
cope withtacklebe a step forward
get a grip
underestimate

be capable ofget throughwelcomebe frightened ofresistNow go to page 141. Do the vocabulary exercises for 1.1.
PAIR WORK Do you agree with Christa’s thoughts about our ability to change?
Tell your partner, and use examples if you can. Use the words in exercise 2A.

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3

GRAMMAR: Present habitsA

Read the sentences in the grammar box. Circle the correct options to complete the rules.

Present habits
I’m always looking for an excuse to avoid change, and I’ll do anything to keep my life simple.
We often talk negatively about the future, don’t we?
We tend to fear change.
When we’re feeling scared, we underestimate our ability to cope with things.
1 For a habit that is more noticeable or frequent than usual, you can use always or constantly with the simple
present / present continuous.
2 You can use the modal will for present / past habits.
3 You can use the verb tend to / keep + a verb to talk about present habits.
4 You can use the simple present / present continuous for a continuing activity that happens at the same timeas another habit.
BC

Now go to page 129. Look at the grammar chart and do the grammar exercise for 1.1.
PAIR WORK Think of something you do regularly, such as going to
the gym, meeting friends, studying, or working. Describe your present
habits using the prompts below. Then compare your sentences witha partner. How different or similar are your regular habits?

1 I tend to …
2 My friends and I often …
3 When I’m feeling …
4 I’m always …
5 When I’m tired, I’ll …
DThink of one thing you’d like to change about your life. What habits do you
have that prevent you from moving forward? How can you tackle these habits?

4

SPEAKINGA

GROUP WORK

THINK CRITICALLY Do you welcome change, or do you prefer to stick to your habits?

Explain your answers. Is it easier to adapt to changes that you decide to make or ones that are outside
your control? Think of some examples.
I tend to worry about big changes. I’ll follow the same routine every
day and be perfectly happy about it. I think things outside ourcontrol, like losing your job or your best friend moving away, areharder to cope with because you can’t plan and prepare for them.

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1.2

LESSON OBJECTIVE

MEMORY LANE

1LANGUAGE IN CONTEXTAPAIR WORK

Look at the pictures. When were the items popular?
When did people stop using these items? Why?

B

Read Amy’s blog post. What time period does she describe?
How old do you think she was then? How old is she now?

■

talk about past difficulties

banana seat bike

The

TIME MACHINE
in my living room

wall phonewith a cord

Do you ever binge-watch TV shows and feel like you’ve taken a time machine toa different place and time? I just watched Stranger Things, which takes place inthe 1980s. It was like going back in time to my childhood.
Remember those bikes with banana-shaped seats? One of the boys in the series
rides one, just like the one I used to ride to school every day. I wouldn’t even lockit – I’d just leave it outside all day. In many ways, life was simple then. But somethings were frustrating …
When you’re on the phone, do you move around a lot, like me? Well, in the
1980s, we could only walk as far as the cord reached. And with only one phone in
the house, we didn’t use to have any privacy. I’d drive my brother crazy because
I talked to my friends for hours. Making calls away from home was tricky, too.
Have you ever used a pay phone? I never used to have enough coins with me –it was infuriating! And how about sharing music? You probably use a music app,right? My older sister used to make me mixtapes with different songs she liked.
I realize now how complex and time-consuming it was. Even watching TV wasmore difficult then. It got on my nerves to have to get up and change the channel
all the time because there was no such thing as a remote control. Now I just push
the “off” button from the couch to travel back to the present and take a breakfrom binge-watching!

TV with no remote control

cassette tape

GLOSSARY
binge-watch (v) to watch
many or all episodes of a
TV show in one session

2

VOCABULARY: Describing annoying thingsA

Cover the blog post. Can you remember which seven words and phrases from the box below Amy uses?
What does she describe with the words?
awkwardcomplexinfuriatingB

be a waste of time
drive sb crazylose patiencebe hard to operate
frustratingtime-consumingclumsyget on sb’s nerves
trickysb =somebody

1.04 Look at the words in the box again. Which ones are adjectives, and which ones are verb phrases?

Use a dictionary or your phone to help you. Then listen and check. Which words mean annoying? Which meandifficult, uncomfortable, takes a lot of or too much time?

FIND ITCD

Now go to page 141. Do the vocabulary exercises for 1.2.
PAIR WORK THINK CRITICALLY Describe some present-day everyday objects using words from exercise 2A.
Which of them do you think will still be used in ten years’ time? How might they change?

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3

GRAMMAR: Past habitsA

Read the sentences in the grammar box. Circle the correct options to complete the rules. Can you find more
examples in the text in exercise 1B on page 4?
Use the simple past
Past habits
for single completed
past actions:
We didn’t use to have any privacy.
I never used to have enough coins.
I just watched theI’d drive my brother crazy.
last episode of
It got on my nerves to have to get up and change the channel all the time.
Stranger Things.
1 Used to, didn’t use to, and never used to can show past habits, single / repeated past actions, and past states.
2 Would (not) can mean the same thing as (not) used to / could (not) for past habits and repeated actions. Do not
use would (not) for past states.
3 You can / can’t use the simple past for past habits, repeated past actions, and past states.

BC

Now go to page 129. Look at the grammar chart and do the grammar exercise for 1.2.
Change the sentences so they’re true for you. Use (not/never)used to or would (not). Then check your accuracy. Compare yourstatements with a partner.

ACCURACY CHECK
Do not use be before used to whentalking about past habits.
I am used to cycle to school. ✗I used to cycle to school. ✓1 When I was a child, I rode my bike without a helmet.
2 My parents cooked with a microwave.
3 I didn’t stream music in the 1990s.
4 When I was a kid, I texted my friends every day.
5 Before cell phones, I had to memorize my friends’ phone numbers.

4

SPEAKINGAPAIR WORK Think of objects from when you were younger that aren’t around anymore. Why aren’t theyaround anymore? Do you miss those objects? Why or why not? For ideas, watch Jacqueline’s video.

I used to have this game console that
fit in my pocket. It only had one game,but I’d carry it around everywhereand play the game all the time. It was
really frustrating if I forgot to bringit with me. Now I simply play games on
my phone …

EXPERT
SPEAKERHow similar are Jacqueline’s
memories to yours?

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1.3

LESSON OBJECTIVE

UPGRADE

1

LISTENING

A

PAIR WORKIn what situations do you send or
receive emails? Do you think it’s an effective way
to communicate? Why or why not?

B

1.05 Listen to coworkers Shawn and Lorena talkabout problems with email. What other ways ofcommunication do they mention?

C

1.05 LISTEN FOR OPINIONS Listen again. What

does Lorena think the problems with email are?
Do you agree with her? What does Shawn think about
the alternative that Lorena mentions? Do you agreewith him?
D

PAIR WORK■

discuss issues and agreestrongly

Shawn Harvey
Managing DirectorkLorena CooredaTeam LeTHINK CRITICALLY Compare different waysof communication, such as face-to-face conversations,texts, IMs, video calls, etc. What are their advantages anddisadvantages? Which ways of communication do you findmost effective in which situations?

2

PRONUNCIATION: Listening for main stressA

1.06 Listen. What do you notice about the underlined words?

1 … I can get some real work done.
2 … people usually choose the easy option.
3 All this technology was supposed to help us be more efficient …
B

1.07 Underline the word in each item that you think has themain stress. Listen and check.

INSIDER ENGLISH
When something used to connect
to the internet isn’t working,it’s “down.”
It looks like the server is down.
My Wi-Fi is down again!

1 When it comes to technology, …
2 … waiting to use the single fax machine we had in our office.
3 And don’t forget about all that paper!
C

Circle the correct words to complete the sentences.
One word / Several words in each word group will have the main stress. Words with the main stress are usuallynear the beginning / end of the word group, and they give information that is new (and important) / old (and not
so important) to listeners.

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3
A

SPEAKING SKILLS
1.05 Look at the sentences from the conversation in exercise 1B on page 6. Are the speakers discussing

issues (D) or agreeing strongly (A)? Write D or A. Where, do you think, is the main stress in each sentence?
Listen to the conversation again to check.

Discuss issues and agree strongly
1 When it comes to technology, you can rely on the server to be unreliable.
2 That’s so true!
3 You can say that again.
4 I couldn’t agree more.
5 Looking at the big picture, I think email isn’t that bad.
6 Overall, if I had to choose …
7 Have it your way!
B

C

4
A

PAIR WORKWith your partner, take turns making and responding to statements using the prompts below
and bold expressions from exercise 3A.
1 writing / easier / laptop / tablet

3 video calls / for work / personal communication

2 texting / the best way to communicate with …

4 face-to-face / most important for …

PAIR WORKPRONUNCIATION: Saying /ʧ/1.08 Listen to the /ʧ/ sound in these words and then repeat the words.

pictureB

Student A: Go to page 157. Student B: Go to page 159. Follow the instructions.

cheapsuggestion

achievetouchquestion

Underline the /ʧ/ sound in each pair of words.
statusstatuestomachwatch

actualactionnaturemajor

1.09 Listen and check. Then repeat the words with the /ʧ/ sound.

C

Underline the /ʧ/ sounds in the conversation below. Then take turns practicing the conversation with a partner.
A Looking at the bigger picture, we’ve got more of a chance now.
B Actually, I don’t think we’re going to achieve very much. We need to make some big changes.

5

SPEAKINGA

GROUP WORK Compare something from your past with something in your present life. Look at the ideas
below. Discuss your views on the issues.

last job / current job
last home / current homehigh school / college
old device / current device

Generally speaking, I think the atmosphere incollege is more relaxed than in high school.
I couldn’t agree more.
So, overall, do you think college
is easier?

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1.4

LESSON OBJECTIVE

BACK TO BASICS■

write an opinion essay

1

READINGA

IDENTIFY MAIN IDEAS What skills or knowledge have your grandparents and parents passed on to you? Can you

tell your partner something that you do or make that they taught you? Read the article and say what Barbara’s
grandparents passed on to her. What is the Maker Movement?

COMING AROUND AGAIN
When I was a kid, I used to spend weekdays with my grandpa
and grandma while my mom was at work. I’d sometimes help my
grandma make her special oatmeal cookies. To be honest, I used
to be better at eating them than I was at baking them. They were
so good! But in those days, more often than not, I’d watch mygrandfather in his workshop – actually their garage – where hespent most mornings. He was an amateur inventor, and he would
take old pieces of metal or wood and make something new andpractical that he or my grandmother could use around the house.
He once gave me a wallet to hold dollar bills that he had made outof flat cardboard, leather, and elastic. It was a magic wallet – you
opened the wallet, placed the bill on top of the elastic inside,closed the wallet, opened it again from the other side and – lo andbehold – the bills were behind the elastic and held securely. He had
put a ten dollar bill in there, “just in case you need it.” Every time
I use it I think of my grandfather, and I know it’s the only wallet in
the world like it.
Fast forward to earlier this year. I went to a Maker Faire with myfriend. “What’s a Maker Faire?” I hear you ask. Well, first I need totell you about the Maker Movement. This was founded way back in2005 as a way to encourage DIY through art, electronics, and craft
projects. Since then, it’s gone from strength to strength around theworld. There are about
135 million makers in the
U.S. alone – that’s over half
the population. Maker Faires
are basically festivals whichcelebrate and promote theseskills. The 2015 Maker Faire had over
1.1 million visitors – the same audiencesize as Taylor Swift’s 1989 World Tour.
So, how is the Maker Movement different towhat my grandpa was doing in his workshop all those years ago? It’s hardto define, but a lot of it is about individuals using new technologies –
technologies that are accessible to you and me, like 3D printers – so thatthey can create unique items and projects that have a use beyond their
original intention. A maker is anyone who is creating, and if you’re building
or adapting something or trying to make something new, that means you.
The future could be pretty exciting for all makers out there. Dale Dougherty,
founder of Maker Media which published Maker: Magazine back in 2005,
and that kicked off the movement, believes the future of makers depends
on education. He says young people need help to develop their creative andtechnical abilities. “When kids play Minecraft they expect not just to play,
but also to evolve,” Dougherty said. It’s fun, and everyone tackles projects
and learns skills together.
My grandparents are gone now, but I’d love to think that if they were around
today they would be makers, too. I’ve inherited my grandfather’s love offinding out how things work, and I’ve just sold my first handmade lamp that
I made from recycled glass and other materials. By using the creative skills
they passed down to me, in my own way I’ve joined the maker movement.
By Barbara Cohen

GLOSSARY
amateur (adj) doing something as a hobby
craft (n) an activity in which you make something using a lot of skill,
especially with your hands
DIY (do-it-yourself) (n) repairing and making things yourself
instead of paying someone to do it

B

IDENTIFY SPECIFIC INFORMATION Read the article. What’s the significance of these numbers?

a 2005C

b 135,000,000

c 2015d

1,100,000

THINK CRITICALLY Why do you think the Maker Movement has become so popular around the world? What do

you think of this movement? Would you be interested in becoming a maker?
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2

WRITINGA

Read Carmen’s essay about forgotten skills. Which ones does she mention? What was good about them?

Reviving forgotten skills
Recently, there has been some discussion about reviving skills from the past, such as repairing mechanicalitems like watches and raising animals. These skills are good for the environment, save money, and can be
extremely enjoyable. I think this is an excellent trend and would like to share two almost-forgotten skills that my
grandmother used to have.
The first is sewing. Most of us buy our clothes at the store, and we throw them away when they’re worn. My
grandmother, however, used to make clothes for my father, and later in life for my sisters and me. She would fix
holes and small tears in our clothes, too, so they would last until we grew out of them.
The second skill is preserving food. My grandmother used to preserve all kinds of fruit and vegetables in the falland store them in jars. Then, in the middle of the winter, she’d bring out a jar of raspberries or cucumbers, and it
would immediately bring back a wonderful feeling of summer. It also cost less than buying them in the store.
I think bringing back skills like these is a fantastic idea. In fact, I’mplanning to research how to raise chickens so I can have fresh eggs.

GLOSSARY
revive (v) to make something from the past exist again
preserve (v) to treat food in a particular way so it canbe kept for a long timeB

ORGANIZE INFORMATION Read about organizing an opinion essay. Then check if Carmen’s essay has allthese features.
1st paragraph:

Introduce the topic and state your opinion.

2nd paragraph:

Use a topic sentence to introduce your example and give the main idea of the paragraph;
describe the example.

3rd paragraph:(same as second paragraph)

4th paragraph:

Restate your opinion but with different words than before.

WRITE ITC

PLAN You’re going to write a formal opinion essay about skills from the past. With your partner, discuss twoor three forgotten skills and what you would like to say about them. Choose from the skills in the pictures
below or use your phone to find other ideas. Then think how you will organize your essay, using the structure
described in exercise 2B. What points are you going to include in each paragraph?

D

Write your opinion essay. You can write a similar introduction and conclusion to Carmen’s.

FIND ITknitting

E

PAIR WORK

bakingbeekeeping

making pottery

Read your partner’s essay. What do you think of the skills he or she describes?

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1.5

C

A

1920

■

talk about daily life in the past

G

E

D

B

1910

LESSON OBJECTIVE

TIME TO SPEAK
Blast from the past

1930

1940

F

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

A

PREPARE Look at the pictures. In pairs, discuss which decade you think each picture is from. Then work withanother pair and discuss your ideas. How else was life different in each time period?

B

DECIDE Imagine you are on a reality TV show where you have to live for a week the way people did in
the past. In groups, say which decade you want to live in, from 1910 to 1990, and why. Then decide on one
decade together.

C

RESEARCH In your group, answer the questions about what life was like in the decade you chose. You can
go online to research ideas.
1 How did people use to do everyday chores?
4 What tech items did they have?
2 What transportation did they use?
5 How did they entertain themselves?
3 What styles of clothes did they wear?

D

Imagine you just finished your week on the TV show. In your group, talk about your imagined experiences.
How does living in that decade compare to life today? What was better? Worse? What did you enjoy about theexperience? What difficulties did you have?

E

DISCUSS You are going to debate whether it’s better to live now or in the decade you discussed. Make two

FIND ITteams within your group. Team A: Think of reasons why life was better then. Team B: Brainstorm the reasons why
it’s better to live in the present day. Each team has two minutes to present their points to the other team.

F

Report the results of your debate to the class. Would most people prefer to live in the past or now?
To check your progress, go to page 153.

USEFUL PHRASESPREPAREIt was very awkward.
It was hard to operate.
It used to drive … crazy
It was really tricky.

DISCUSS
It was a step forward from …
We shouldn’t underestimate …
It helped to cope with …
It was a waste of time.
It used to be so time-consuming.

Generally speaking, …
Looking at the big picture …
Overall …
When it came to …

10

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