e-Waste Responsible Recycling

Presented by:
Scott Jones
EHS Program Manager
Perry Johnson Registrars, Inc.

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PJR is the #1 R2 Registrar in the WorldCountries where PJR has certified companies to R2:

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Australia•

Canada•Costa Rica•

Hong Kong•

Brazil

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India

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Japan

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Malaysia•

Mexico•Thailand•Singapore•

European Union•

United States

What is R2?
• R2 is the leading standard for electronics repair and recycling• The R2 Standard provides a common set of processes, safetymeasures, and documentation requirements for businesses thatrepair and recycle used electronics.
• Who Can get certified?
– e-Waste recyclers– e-Waste refurbishers– End-of-life processors of e-Waste (e.g. smelter, refiner, etc.)– Brokers•

3600 facilities are currently R2 certified in 21 countries, with more
added every day.

About R2:2013• The initial R2 Standard was published in 2008 (R2:2008). It waslater revised to the current standard, R2:2013, effective July 1,2013.
• Developed for international use.
• R2:2013 is not intended to be an EH&S Management Systemby itself.
• R2:2013 requires a company to meet one of the following
requirements:– Certification to ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001; OR– Certification to the Recycling Industry Operating Standard (RIOS).

4R2 Statistics

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Worldwide disposal of e-waste
Source : THE GLOBAL E-WASTE MONITOR 2014

• Lamps. Typical equipment comprises straight fluorescentlamps, compact fluorescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, highintensity discharge lamps and LED lamps).
• Small IT and telecommunication equipment. Typicalequipment comprises mobile phones, GPS, pocket
calculators, routers, personal computers, printers,telephones).
• Screens, monitors. Typical equipment comprises
televisions, monitors, laptops, notebooks, and tablets.
• Temperature exchange equipment. Also morecommonly referred to as, cooling and freezing
equipment. Typical equipment is refrigerators, freezers,
air conditioners, heat pumps.
•Large equipment. Typical equipment comprises
washing machines, clothes dryers, dish washingmachines, electric stoves, large printing machines,
copying equipment andphotovoltaic panels.
• Small equipment. Typical equipment comprises
vacuum cleaners, microwaves, ventilation equipment,
toasters, electric kettles, electric shavers, scales,calculators, radio sets, video cameras, electrical andelectronic toys, small electrical and electronic tools,
small medical devices, small monitoring and controlinstruments).

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Export of e-Waste

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Benefits of Certification• Key benefits of R2 certification:

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Meet upstream vendor requirements–

Instills confidence through certified third party review–

Eliminate the improper disposal of hazardous electronic components–

Demonstrates compliance with domestic and international laws–

Enhance customer satisfaction

R2 Requirements
1. Environmental, Health and Safety Management System
2. Reuse, Recover … Hierarchy of Responsible Management Strategies
3. Legal Requirements
4. On-Site Environment, Health and Safety
5. Focus Materials
6. Reusable Equipment and Components
7. Tracking Throughput
8. Data Destruction
9. Storage
10. Security
11. Insurance, Closure Plan and Financial Responsibility
12. Transport
13. Documentation and Recordkeeping
9Focus Materials
The following are considered “Focus Materials”:•CRT vendors (Monitors, TVs, equipment).

•Battery vendors.

•Mercury Containing Device vendors (switches/relays, bulbs, laptops, LCDdisplays, TVs).

•PCBs vendors.

•Circuit Board vendors.
– This includes materials such as keyboards, mice, cell phones, power supplies,etc. that contain a circuit board.

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R2 Requirements
Environmental, Health & Safety Management System:•Establish the Scope.

•Management review and internal audits, at least annually.

•EHS and data security objectives.

•List of activities and documents necessary to conform to R2.

“Reuse, Recover…”Hierarchy of Responsible Management Strategies:

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Develop policy for managing used and end-of-life electronics equipment.

•Policy must be based on the hierarchy of responsible management
strategies: Reuse, Materials Recovery, Energy Recovery and Land Disposal.

R2 Requirements
Legal Requirements:•

Develop a legal compliance plan, including import/export requirements.

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Maintain Facility Compliance.

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Maintain import/export compliance.

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Compliance evaluation.

On-Site Environmental, Health & Safety:

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Adhere to good housekeeping standards.

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identify and assess EHS risks and implement controls.

•Conduct monitoring and sampling of EHS risks and controls.

•Designate qualified employee(s) to manage EHS.

•prepare, periodically test, and update an emergency plan.

R2 Requirements
R2 Focus Materials:•Development and Adherence to an FM Management Plan.

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Removal of FMs.

•Processing, Recovery, and Treatment of FMs.

•Prohibition on Energy Recovery, Incineration, and Land Disposal of FMs.

•Selection and Ongoing Due Diligence of Downstream Vendors for FMs.

•Non-Focus Materials Requiring Specific Management.
– Print Cartridges.

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R2 Requirements

Reusable Equipment & Components:
1. Tested for Full Functions, R2/Ready for Reuse;
2. Tested for Key Functions, R2/Ready for Resale; and/or
3. Evaluated and Non-Function, R2/Ready for Repair.

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Use effective test methods (1 and 2)•Written Quality Assurance Plan and Policy (1, 2, and 3)•

Disclose in writing any functions not working (2)•Product Return Plan and Policy (1 and 2)•

No major cosmetic defects (1)•Meet customer requirements (1, 2, and 3)•

Meet DSV due diligence requirements (3)R2 Requirements
Tracking Throughput:•15

Maintain records of tracking throughput for at least three years:–Commercial contracts, bills of lading, or other commercially-accepted documentation
for all transfers of equipment, components, and materials.

–An R2:2013 electronics recycler does not need to track non-FM’s beyond the first tierdownstream vendor.

R2 Requirements
Data Destruction:•

Sanitize, purge, or destroy data on hard drives and other data storage devices.

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Review and validate processes.

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Ensure quality controls are in place.

•Ensure security controls are in place.

•Outsourcing of data destruction

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R2 Requirements
Storage of FM’s, equipment, and components:•Protected from the environments.

•Is in full legal compliance.

•Access controlled/security.

•Container labeling and storage area identification.

Facility Security:

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Consider equipment, sensitivity of media containing data, and customer
needs.

•Consider and include necessary controls to secure electronic equipment
upon acceptance of said equipment.

R2 Requirements
Insurance, Closure Plan and Financial Responsibility:• Evaluate the risks and ensure adequate insurance or reserves to coverliabilities, including environmental pollution and worker health and safety.
• Develop a Closure plan that assures proper closure in case ofabandonment.
• Ensure financial instrument is in place to properly close the facility:– Must be assigned to an independent party or corporate parent.
– Shall cover reasonably foreseeable costs of processing remaining inventory,
sampling for environmental contamination, and site remediation to restore
premise to sellable condition.

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R2 Requirements
Transportation:•Comply with regulatory requirements•

Maintain adequate insurance coverage,•

maintain an acceptable vehicle and driver safety record during theprevious 3 years.

Documentation and Recordkeeping:•19

Maintain access at the certified facility to documents and records.

About e-Stewards

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Encompasses the globally recognized certification ISO 14001
environmental management system.

•Prohibits all toxic waste from being disposed of in solid waste landfills
and incinerators.

•Requires full compliance with existing international hazardous waste
laws and treaties for exports and imports of electronics, andspecifically prohibits the export of hazardous waste to developing
countries.

•Requires extensive baseline protections for and monitoring of recycling
workers in every country, including developed nations where toxic
exposures are routinely taking place.

•Is written for international use.

e-Stewards Statistics

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Hazardous Electronic Equipment (HEE)

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Asbestos•

Batteries•

Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT)•Circuit Boards, lamps, switches or any other parts, materials,assemblies, housings, cables, and wires which contain any of theapplicable substances in levels exceeding the indicated thresholds.

•Mercury: Circuit boards, lamps, switches, LCD displays, and otherparts, components or assemblies containing intentional inputs ofmercury.

•Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)•Radioactive waste•

Selenium & arsenic (i.e. printer or copy drums)•

Any other material deemed hazardous waste

How e-Stewards is different

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Licensing fees vary between programs.

•Social accountability values within its Organization consistent with theprinciples of SA 8000 (certification is not required).

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At least every three years a risk assessment shall be conducted by an
Occupational Environmental Health and Safety Professional(s).

•Increased requirements for downstream due diligence.

•Specific reuse thresholds for equipment (e.g. batteries).

•Tracking of electronic equipment requires material balance accounting.

•Annual Reporting requirements to e-Stewards.

Solar Panel Recycling

Companies That Recycle• First Solar– Tempe, Arizona– “First Solar leads the industry with proven recycling solutions that fulfill
solar’s promise as a clean and sustainable renewable energy”

24First Solar• First Solar pioneered the first global and comprehensive recycling
program in the PV industry in 2005
• Up to 90% of the semiconductor material can be reused in new
modules and 90% of the glass can be reused in new glass products.

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First Solar Process of Recycling*Cadmium and tellurium separation and refining are conducted by a third-party.

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PV Cycle• USA Inc., Multiple USA Locations• “The primary purpose of PV CYCLE is to promote sustainable
lifecycle management in the PV industry, educate companies andcommunities about the benefits of sustainable waste management,
and provide safe and sustainable options for discarded solar energy
system products”

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PV Cycle System28•

The execution of all administrative andoperative tasks is subcontracted to PV
CYCLE Association aisbl, the world’s firstcollective take-back and recycling
scheme for PV modules.

•Waste holders with a dismantling needcan benefit from a comprehensive
decommissioning service for PV
installations, covering dismantling byprofessionals and waste packaging.

•Our dismantling service is limited to PVprojects.

•Offer a direct pick-up service for a variety
of waste products, including PV modules,batteries, EEE or production scrap

Solar Energy Industries Association
Washington, DC• “As the national trade association in the U.S., we represent allorganizations that promote, manufacture, install and support thedevelopment of solar energy.”

29SEIA• SEIA members are currently engaged in developing collection andrecycling processes for the solar industry, and are committed toguiding both state and federal regulations that support safe andeffective collection and recycling models.
• Several SEIA members operate take-back and recycling programs
or engage with suitable waste handlers and disposers for theirproducts.
• End-of-life disposal of solar products in the US is governed by theFederal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), andstate policies that govern waste30• Hazardous Materials in Solar Panels:
Fabricating the panels requires caustic
chemicals such as sodium hydroxideand hydrofluoric acid, and the processuses water as well as electricity, theproduction of which emits greenhousegases.
Silicon is used to make the vast majority
of today's photovoltaic cells
Other Chemicals Used:
Cadmium Telluride
Copper Indium Selenide
Cadmium Indium Gallium (Di)selenide31

Resources• http://www.firstsolar.com/Technologies-and-Capabilities/RecyclingServices
http://www.pvcycle.org/usa/
http://www.pvsolarreport.com/seia-plan-recycling-solar-panels/
http://www.seia.org/policy/environment/pv-recycling
http://www.trinasolar.com/us/about-us/Sustainability.html
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2014/11/141111solar-panel-manufacturing-sustainability-ranking/
http://classroom.synonym.com/toxic-chemicals-solar-panels18393.html
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