B08

Research Abstracts on Spatial Information Science
CSIS DAYS 2016

Daily Walking Behavior and Neighborhood Environment:
A Case Study in Tokyo Metropolitan Area
Hao HouGraduate School of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Tsukuba
Email: <houhao880828@gmail.com>(1) Motivation: The main purpose of this study is todetect the characteristics of daily walking behavior(DWB) in Tokyo Metropolitan Area (TMA) and its
potential relationships with personal attributes as well
as neighborhood environment. In order to achieve themain purpose, the spatial patterns of DWB in TMAand the effects of personal attributes on DWB weredetected. Further, the walkability of neighborhood
was measured for finding the potential relationships
between it and people’s DWB.
(2) Data: For the evaluation of DWB, the People Flow
Data (PFD) of Tokyo in 2008 made by CSIS (Centerfor Spatial Information Science), the University ofTokyo was employed. For the evaluation ofneighborhood environment, we used the location dataof residential buildings from Zenrin© TOWN Ⅱ
digital map, the road network data fromOpenStreetMap project, the land use information andspatial distribution of public transportation facilities
from National Land Numerical Information
constructed by the Japanese government.
(3) Methodology: PFD provided the personal and spatial
information of people’s movement. Transportation
mode (TCODE) helped to extract only the walking
behavior. The spatial information of the walking
activities was recorded by longitude (LON) andlatitude (LAT). PURPOSE was for extracting only theDWB. After the extraction, the records weresummarized based on personal ID (PID) to get thetotal daily walking time of each person. Five criteria(residential density, street connectivity, land use
diversity, bus stop density and railway stationaccessibility) were selected to evaluate theneighborhood environments. Equal weights weregiven to each criterion to calculate the walkability.
All the values were normalized to force the values tofall into 0 and 1. As a result, the final values ofwalkability (Walk Score) ranged from 0 to 5.
(4) Results and discussion: The results of people’s
DWB (see fig.1) were summarized by the standard 1
km2 mesh with the average walking time of all theresidents in each grid. The results showed that rural
residents’ daily walking time were less than people
who live in the urban core and suburban areas. People
living in the urban areas close to the city center had
the highest average utilitarian walking time per day.
The result of evaluating neighborhood environment(see fig.2) showed that residents in urban areas with agood accessibility to the city center had the highest
potential for daily utilitarian walking behavior,followed by the residents in the urban core and ruralareas. By comparing figure 1 and figure 2, it can bedetected that residents in the rural areas have low
walkability in the neighborhood and low utilitarian
walking time. On the other hand, residents in theurban areas, especially areas close to the city center,enjoyed high walkability and had more utilitarian
walking time per day. This consistence proved that
residential density, street connectivity, land use
diversity, bus stop density, railway station
accessibility are necessary factors for evaluatingneighborhood environment in TMA. The evaluationof neighborhood environment reflected the reality
and the results can be utilized by both urban planners
and transportation network designers for building amore walkable city. Future studies are encouraged on
deeper statistical analysis of the relationships
between neighborhood environment and utilitarian
walking time to increase the credibility of thefindings.
(5) Acknowledgement: This work is supported byCenter for Spatial Information Science, theUniversity of Tokyo (Joint Research No. 536).

Fig 1: Walking time of residents in TMA (1 km2 mesh)Fig 2: Walk Score (Walkability) map of TMA (1 km2 mesh)- 25 -