8. SITE 217
The Shipboard Scientific Party1

ABSTRACT
Site 217 is situated in 3010 meters of water on the eastern
flank of Ninetyeast Ridge. The stratigraphic column at this site iscomposed of three units which are summarized below.
Uppermost is a clay-rich nannofossil ooze unit, 0 to 145 meters,of Quaternary to middle-late Miocene age. This is underlain by aunit with shallow water affinities composed of nannofossil ooze
and chalk, micarb chalk, silicified micarb chalk, and foraminiferarich nannofossil chalk with chert, 145 to 600 meters, of late
Miocene to late Campanian age. The final unit, which contains
possible mudcracks at the base, is an interbedded sequence of
dolomite sandstone, micarb chalk, chert, and silicified micarb
chalk, 600 to 664 meters, of late Campanian age. The occurrenceof clays between middle Miocene and Recent times within theupper nannofossil ooze unit may be related to the modern Bengal
Fan sedimentation which in turn may have followed a major
Himalayan orogenic phase in the Miocene. A combination ofbiostratigraphic and lithologic observations indicates that the
Ninetyeast Ridge in the vicinity pf Site 217 subsided fromshallow depths during Late Cretaceous times.
SITE DATA

Date Occupied:
217: 24 Feb 72 (0440)
217A: 27 Feb 72 (0200)
Date Departed:
217: 27 Feb 72 (0200)
217A: 29 Feb 72 (0800)
Time on Site:
217: 69 hours 20 minutes
217A: 54 hours
Position:
lat08°55.57'N
long 90°32.33'E
Water Depth (to rig floor):
3030 meters (Echo sounding)
3020 meters (Drill pipe)
Penetration:
217: 614.5 meters
217A: 663.5 meters

C. C. von der Borch, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South
Australia; J. G. Sclater, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La
Jolla, California; S. Gartner, Jr., Rosenstiel School of Marine andAtmospheric Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida;
R.Hekinian, Centre Oceanologique de Bretagne, Brest, France; D. A.
Johnson, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole,
Massachusetts; B. McGowran, University of Adelaide, Adelaide,
South Australia; A. C. Pimm, Scripps Institution of Oceanography;
La Jolla, California; R. W. Thompson, Humboldt State College,
Arcata, California; J. J. Veevers, Macquarie University, North Ryde,
N.S:W., Australia; Lee S. Waterman, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts.

Number of Holes: 2
Number of Cores:
217: 37
217A: 17
Total Length of Cored Section:
217: 345.5 meters
217A: 161.5 meters
Total Core Recovered:
217: 183.4 meters
217A: 41.6 meters
Acoustic Basement:
Depth: 550 meters
Nature: Siliceous limestone and chert
Age of Oldest Sediment: CampanianBasement: Not reachedBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

After leaving Site 216 it was decided to run due north
up the axis of the Ninetyeast Ridge to the next site. The
seismic reflection record was most informative showing analmost continuous layer of 0.4 to 0.6 sec of transparent
sediment with one clear reflector overlying an undulatingbasement.
Site 217 was chosen in the northernmost portion of the
Ninetyeast Ridge just south of the flat turbidite sedimentsof the Bengal Fan (Figure 1). From the two previous sites
on the ridge, 214 and 216, it appeared certain that the ridge(a) is attached to the Indian plate, (b) gets progressively
older northward, and (c) has been above the calcitecompensation depth for most of its history. Thus Site 217,

267

SITE 217
12

11

10'

90°

91°

92 C

Figure 1. Bathymetry in vicinity of Site 217.

8° further north than anomaly 32, presents a unique chance
to document the movement of India during the Late
Cretaceous.
Curray and Moore (1971) have identified two prominent
unconformities on structural highs in the Bay of Bengal andhave suggested that the youngest of these marks a tectonic
event between predominantly turbidite sections deposited
during two short time intervals, one in the Plio-Pleistocene,
the other in the late Miocene. They have further suggested
that the older sediments, or their pelagic temporalequivalents, overlay the northern section of the Ninetyeast
Ridge which in turn has been uplifted during the Pliocene
exposing these sediments. The initial reason for drilling Site
217 was to date these unconformities and to sample thesediments above and below them.
OPERATIONS

Site 217 was approached along the crest of Ninetyeast
Ridge from the south. Several miles south of the proposedsite the seismic reflection profile of ANTIPODE XI cruise
was picked up and followed across the site area. Glomar
Challenger then headed due east for approximately \Vihours down the eastern flank of the ridge to the onlapping
Bengal Fan turbidites before returning to the selected site.
A lighted spar buoy was dropped underway, after which
speed was reduced to 5 knots and the seismic gear secured.
The Glomar Challenger then reversed course to the buoy
and the acoustic beacon deployed.

268

For drilling this site, a 3-cone long-tooth button bit wasused. One core was taken every 38 meters throughout theuppermost 344 meters of the hole and continuous coring
was carried out from this depth to the bottom of the hole.
No difficulties were encountered in calcareous ooze andchalk sediments down to a depth of about 540 meters.
However, at this depth numerous thin chert stringers
appeared in a relatively hard silicified limestone. Thesechert layers caused drilling difficulties, shown by poor
recovery and increasing times required to drill cores. Core
recovery and drilling rate fell off progressively with depth
until at a sediment depth of 614.5 meters drilling rate
dropped essentially to zero. At this point it was decided to
run the center bit in order to test the rate of bit wear, but it
was found impossible to latch it into place, presumably due
to a badly worn bit. The drill string was then pulled and the
bit was found to have lost all three cones.
At Hole 217, 37 cores were taken. Recovery was 183.5
meters of sediment (Table 1) representing 53.1% recovery.
Two heat flow measurements were taken in Hole 217(Table 1); for details see Chapter 13.
A new hole, 217A, was then spudded in adjacent to 217.
For this, a 4-cone chizzel-tooth journal-bearing bit wasused, hopefully to ensure a greater drilling depth in cherty
limestones. Four cores were taken continuously from 0 to
38 meters. Then, with the center bit in place, drilling
proceeded down to the level of the cherty limestones atabout 540 meters. Drilling rate fell off significantly at thisdepth and on pulling the center bit it was found to be badly
worn. It was then decided to core continuously to thebottom of the hole. A succession of cherts, siliceous
limestones, and dolomites was successfully cored down tothe bottom of the hole at 663.5 meters. The hole wasterminated at this depth due to a combination of timeallowance and an increasingly slow drilling rate. The bit was
pulled and found to be moderately worn, having lost several
teeth from the cones.
In all, 17 cores were cut at Hole 217A, for a recovery of
41.6 meters of sediment, representing 25.8% recovery(Table 2).
LITHOLOGIC SUMMARY

Two holes were drilled at Site 217 in the unsuccessfulattempt to penetrate the thick sedimentary accumulation
and reach basement rocks on this part of the Ninetyeast
Ridge. Virtually the entire sedimentary section encountered
to an overall depth of 664 meters consists of carbonate
sediments including nannofossil ooze and chalk, shelly
micarb chalk, and very fine to medium-grained dolomite(dolarenite). These range in age from Recent at the surface
to Upper Cretaceous, probably Campanian, at the bottomof the hole. Chert occurs in the Paleocene-Eocene and isprominent in the early Maastrichtian-Campanian part of thesection where it occurs interbedded with dolarenite andshelly partly silicified micarb chalk.
Within the sedimentary section, three main lithologic
units and four subunits are distinguished (Figure 2) as

SITE 217

TABLE 1
Coring Summary, Hole 217

Core

Date
(Feb)

1
2
3
HF a
4
HF a
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37

24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26

Total

Depth Below
Sea Floor

Time

Depth fromDrill Floor
(m)

(m)

Cored
(m)

Recovered(m)

Recovery
(%)

1150
1304
1410
1530
1655
1800
1905
2020
2130
2256
0030
0207
0335
0530
0618
0720
0838
0955
1100
1206
1310
1420
1530
1635
1740
1855
2004
2119
2245
0045
0230
0420
0610
0805
0933
1057
1305
1516
1711

3020.0-3029.5
3060.0-3069.5
3098.0-3107.5
3117.0-3119.0
3136.0-3145.5
3155.0-3157.0
3174.0-3183.5
3212.0-3221.5
3250.0-3259.5
3288.0-3297.5
3326.0-3335.5
3364.0-3373.5
3384.0-3393.5
3393.5-3403.0
3403.0-3412.5
3412.5-3422.0
3422.0-3431.5
3431.5-3441.0
3441.0-3450.5
3450.5-3460.0
3460.0-3469.5
3469.5-3479.0
3479.0-3488.5
3488.5-3498.0
3498.0-3507.5
3507.5-3517.0
3517.0-3526.5
3526.5-3536.0
3536.0-3545.5
3545.5-3555.0
3555.0-3564.0
3564.0-3573.5
3573.5-3583.0
3583.0-3592.5
3592.5-3602.0
3602.0-3611.5
3611.5-3621.0
3621.0-3630.5
3630.5-3634.5

0-9.5
40.0-49.5
70.0-79.5
97.0-99.0
116.0-125.5
135.0-137.0
154.0-163.5
182.5-192.0
230.0-239.5
268.0-277.5
306.0-315.5
344.0-353.5
364.0-373.5
373.5-383.0
383.0-392.5
392.5-402.Q
402.0-411.5
411.5-421.0
421.0-430.5
430.5-440.0
440.0-449.5
449.5-459.0
459.0-468.5
468.5-478.0
478.0-487.5
487.5-497.0
497.0-506.5
506.5-516.0
516.0-525.5
525.5-535.0
535.0-544.0
544.0-553.5
553.5-563.0
563.0-572.5
572.5-582.0
582.0-591.5
591.5-601.0
601.0-610.5
610.5-614.5

9.5
9.5
9.5
0
9.5
0
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.0
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
4.0

9.5
4.9
3.0
0
8.0
0
0.7
9.4
7.8
9.1
9.5
8.1
0
0.3
1.0
7.4
2.0
9.0
5.9
3.6
6.0
6.5
6.5
4.5
7.5
9.5
7.3
6.8
3.3
8.0
5.6
3.8
2.1
2.2
3.4
1.1
0.1
0.8
0.6

100
52
32
0
84
0
7
99
82
96
100
85
0
3
10
78
21
95
62
40
64
54
68
1
47
79
100
77
72
35
85
63
42
22
23
36
12
1
9
15

345.5

184.8

53.1

Note: Echo sounding depth (to drill floor) = 3030 meters; drill pipe length to bottom - 3020
meters.
a
HF - heat flow only.

269

SITE 217
TABLE 2
Coring Summary, Hole 217A

Core

Date
(Feb)

1

27

2

27

3

27

4

27

5

28

6

28

7

28

8

28

9

28

10

28

11

28

12

28

13

28

14

28

15

28

16

28

17

28

Time

Depth fromDrill Floor(m)

Depth Below
Sea Floor
(m)

0840
0935
1030
1200
0050
0250
0455
0630
0755
0945
1140
1359
1530
1835
1950
2150
2340

3020.0-3029.5
3029.5-3039.0
3039.0-3048.5
3048.5-3058.0
3560.0-3569.5
3569.5-3579.0
3579.0-3588.5
3588.5-3598.0
3598.0-3607.5
3607.5-3617.0
3617.0-3626.5
3626.5-3636.0
3636.0-3645.5
3645.5-3655.0
3655.0-3664.5
3664.5-3674.0
3674.0-3683.5

0-9.5
9.5-19.0
19.0-28.5
28.5-38.0
540.0-549.5
549.5-559.0
559.0-568.5
568.5-578.0
578.0-587.5
587.5-597.0
597.0-606.5
606.5-616.0
616.0-625.5
625.5-635.0
635.0-644.5
644.5-654.0
654.0-663.5

TotalsCored(m)Recovered(m)

Recovery
(%)

9.5

5.2

55

9.5

6.5

68

9.5

5.3

56

9.5

4.7

50

9.5

3.4

37

9.5

2.4

27

9.5

2.5

27

9.5

1.4

14

9.5

0.1

1.4

9.5

2.4

25

9.5

cc

1

9.5

1.8

19

9.5

1.0

11

9.5

1.8
1.1

19

9.5
9.5

0.4

4

9.5

1.3

14

161.5

41.3

25.8

12

Note: Echo sounding depth (to drill floor) = 3030 meters; drill pipe length to bottom = 3020
meters.

shown below. Boundaries between these units aregradational and lithologic changes are subtle, hence undueemphasis should not be attached to the unit boundaries.

Unit

Depth
Below Sea
Floor
(m)

Lithology1

Oto 145

Clay nannofossil ooze

2a

145 to 370

Clay-rich nannofossil
ooze chalk2b

370 to 420

2c

420 to 480

Foram-rich nannofossil
chalk and chert
Nannofossil chalk2d

480 to 600

Micarb chalk, partly
shelly, and chert

3

600 to 664

Dolarenite, chert, claystone with some shelly
micarb chalk in upper
part

270

Age

Cores

Recent to
1-4,
mid-late
1A-4A
MioceneMid-late
5-11
Miocene to
EoceneMid Eocene 12-16
to Paleocene
Late to mid 16-23
Maastrichtian
Mid Maas- 23-35,
trichtian
5A-11Ato lateCampanian
Late Campa- 36-37
nian
12A17A

Unit 1—Clay Nannofossil Ooze (Cores 1-4,1A-4A)

For the most part Unit 2 consists of light greenish gray
(5G8/1) to light bluish gray (5B7/1) clay nannofossil ooze.
Nannofossils make up 40% to 60% of the sediment and clay
content averages about 25% to 35%. All other typicalpelagic biogenous remains, foraminifera, diatoms, Radiolaria, and silicoflagellates occur in this unit in relatively
minor amounts and, though based on very sparse control,
appear to vary systematically within the section. Thus,
foraminifera are abundant (10% to 15%) in the upper 50 to
60 meters and decrease to 3% to 5% in the lower part;siliceous remains (Radiolaria and diatoms) are common (5%to 10%) in the upper 10 meters, virtually disappear below
20 meters, and reappear (up to 15%) below 100 meters
where they are largely pyritized. Trace amounts ofmanganese micronodules and volcanic glass are foundthroughout the section, and one ash-rich layer occurs at a
depth of 42 meters.
Another feature of possible significance is the presenceof color banding (alternating layers of olive gray [5Y4/1],
light olive gray [5Y6/1], and greenish gray [5GY6/1]) in
the upper 30 meters of this section. This is related to afluctuating calcium carbonate content (see Chapter 39).
Unit 2-Nannofossil Ooze-Chalk (Cores 5-35, 5A-11 A)

Nannofossils constitute the bulk of Unit 2, averaging
about 80%, and the sediment ranges from fairly stiff
nannofossil ooze in the upper 60 to 80 meters toprogressively more indurated nannofossil chalk, micarb

SITE 217
SITE 217.217A
8°55.6'N 90°32.3'E
3020m
la
QUAT.

2

Clay Rich
Nanno Ooze

Nannα Ooze
and
Chalk

Nanno
Chalk,
Chert

licarb
halk
artly
nelly
hert

olarenite
hertome

ilidfiednd Shelly
icarb
halk
54 cores;

Figure 2. Lithologic units at Site 217.
chalk, and shelly micarb chalk below. Clay content is low(mostly 10% to 15%) relative to Unit 1, and, probably
related to this, the color changes to a fairly uniform
yellowish gray (5Y8/1) or very light gray (N8). Othersignificant constituents of the unit include foraminifera,

Radiolaria, and other shell fragments, in particular,
Inoceramus sp. and oysters. These constituents appear tovary systematically within the section and, combined withother criteria, serve as a basis for division of Unit 2 into thesubunits.
Subunit 2a consists of nannofossil ooze and chalk,
containing 75% to 80% nannofossils, 10% to 20% clay, 2%
to 3% foraminifera, and 1% to 3% siliceous remains. Traceamounts of rhyolitic glass and iron oxide are foundthroughout. Radiolaria increase in abundance (to 5%) near
the base of this subunit, then disappear at a depth of about
370 meters where chert first appears. The absence ofsiliceous biogenous remains, the presence of light brown(5YR5/6) chert, and an increase of foraminifera (3% to15%) distinguish the next subunit (2b) from 2a.
At a depth of about 420 meters, several notable changes
in sediment characteristics occur: (1) color changes tomottled and banded combinations of grayish orange pink
(5YR7/2), very light gray (N8), light brown (5YR6/4), andyellowish gray (5Y8/1); (2) moderate to intense bioturbation becomes persistent; (3) foraminifera drop inabundance to about 1% to 2%; (4) nannofossils change
from predominantly whole forms to predominantly
fragmental. These differences, which persist downward,
serve as a basis for defining subunit 2c, which extends to adepth of 480 meters.
Subunit 2d consists principally of light gray (N7)
carbonate siltstone in the interval 480 to 500 meters, lightgray to greenish gray (5GY5/1) shelly micarb chalk
between 510 and about 555 meters, and siliceous micarb
chalk near the base. These sediments are described as
micarb chalk because they consist principally of indeterminate fine silt-sized carbonate with less than 5% to 10% of
definite recognizable nannofossils, and the sediment is
consolidated. The textural change downward to shelly
micarb chalk corresponds to increased prominence of
Inoceramus, oysters, and shell fragments of other large
forms which make up 20% to 30% of even the finer beds inthe central part of the section. Other constituents observed
throughout the section include: foraminifera (3% to 5%);clay (5% to 10%); and trace amounts of pyrite, glauconite,
volcanic glass, and sparry calcite.
At a depth of about 550 meters, nodular beds ofbrownish black (5YR2/1) chert begin and are intercalatedwith the micarb chalk through the remainder of thissubunit. Authigenic silica, both in the groundmass and as areplacement of calcite in foraminifera and faecal pellets ofthe shelly carbonate siltstones becomes significant at about
the same depth as the chert.
A variety of sedimentary structures is present in subunit
2d, particularly below the depth of 530 meters. Thoroughunderstanding of these features will require much moredetailed examination; however, a few types tentatively
identified include: (1) burrows and lithologic mottles
related to intense burrowing; (2) cross lamination; (3)"pseudo-cross lamination" thought to be formed bysquashing of burrow structures; (4) lenticular laminationsof sandy micarb chalk containing flattened glauconite
clasts; (5) steep dipping and contorted "laminations"believed related to penecontemporaneous slumping. For themost part, these structures are observable by virtue of271

SITE 217

varied color, and little in the way of macroscopic texturalvariations could be observed.
Unit 3-Dolarenite, Chert, and Claystone (Cores 36-37 and
12A-17A)
A complex interbedded sequence of dolarenite, chert,
and some shelly micarb chalk comprises the sedimentary
section of Unit 3. Individual beds average about 10 to 20
cm in thickness, and the contacts between units are
generally either sharp of gradational over a very shortinterval of less than 1 cm. The shelly micarb chalk decreases
in abundance downward, so that below about 635 meters
the section consists of dolarenite, chert, and minor
claystone stringers.
Composition of the dolarenite averages about 85%
dolomite rhombs, 10% "silica" matrix, 3% authigenic silica,
2% pyrite, and traces of glauconite. The "silica" matrix isprincipally made up of unidentified partially crystalline,
low birefringent material, possibly cristobalite or oriented
aggregates of a clay mineral. Two dolomite lithologies areevident: (1) dark greenish gray (5GY6/1) fine to medium
grained dolarenite which is friable; (2) medium dark gray(N4) very fine-fine grained dolarenite which is hard.
Commonly these contain Inoceramus fragments and show
evidence of cross-lamination. The shelly micarb chalk issimilar in most respects to those of subunit 2d; however, in
Unit 3, they contain the order of 20% to 30% dolomite and
20% "silica" matrix with a correspondingly reduced
percentage of calcium carbonate (40% to 50%). Also, theforaminifera and faecal pellets are more completely
silicified in this lower unit. Claystones in the lower part ofUnit 3 also appear similar to the shelly micarb chalk, but
carbonate has been reduced to a maximum of about 20%,and some layers contain virtually no carbonate.

SampleScope(mv/°C)pH(punch-in)pH(flow-through)Temperature

217-1-6
217-2-2
217-3-2
217-144

0.86
0.74
0.98
0.81

7.38
7.04
6.85
6.64

7.26
7.31
7.09
6.90

24.9
24.9
24.4
25.9

These four cores are widely spaced and represent
surface, 50-, 80-, and 400-meter levels. The 15 pore water
samples are spaced at intervals of 25 to 50 meters from thesurface to 500 meters. The observation that pH isdecreasing with depth in this hole (punch-in measurements)
is supported by most of the pore water measurements. Thechange from top to bottom amounts to ~0.5 pH units (7.0
to 6.5).
The tests to determine the validity of measurements
made with the flow-through pH electrode were continued
at this site. Two samples of surface ocean water werechecked with both types of electrodes. Measurements weremade on one sample (A) immediately; the other (B) was
equilibrated with laboratory air. The results are shown
below.

Sample272

pH(flow-through)

8.39
7.62

8.26
7.98 (1)7.81 (2)The difference for water collected and checked
immediately is about the same as for two previous
experiments. While there is a smaller difference for
equilibrated water, the two values for the flow-throughelectrode represent "steady" readings, 10 mv apart,
obtained over the time span of the experiments (<l hour).

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Sixteen samples were collected for interstitial water andshipboard geochemical measurements from the first 30
cores taken at this site. The deepest sample, 217-30-3(~55O m), was so hard and dry that we were unable torecover any pore water. Only four samples were softenough to make punch-in pH measurements. Twenty-ninesamples from Hole 217 and one from Hole 217A werecollected for the organic geochemistry program. Thesesamples consist of 27 minicores of 20 cm length and 2
so-called "O" sections from the tops of full recovery cores.
Saran wrap was placed over the exposed sediment prior tofitting with plastic end caps. The caps were secured withplastic electrical tape. The samples were immediately placedin a deep freeze and will be kept frozen.
Punch-in pH measurements were made as soon as
possible following recovery. The first three samples werecooled in an ice bath so changes could be monitored over agreater temperature range. The fourth sample was collectedby the core lab technicians and held in the refrigerator. It
was inadvertently warmed to room temperature and had tobe cooled once again in an ice bath before making the slope
check. Temperature coefficients and pH values are shownas follows.

pH(punch-in)

BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC SUMMARY
GeneralThe section drilled at Site 217 is calcareous throughout
the entire interval penetrated and yielded some calcareous
fossils nearly to the bottom. In addition, well-preserved
Radiolaria were recovered from the Quaternary to the
middle Eocene. The sediments at this site range in age from
Quaternary at the top to Late Cretaceous (probablyCampanian) at the bottom of the interval penetrated.
Preservation of all" fossils is best in the late Neogene andgenerally deteriorates downward. The general aspect of theassemblages suggests that preservation is more closely
related to the age of the sediment than to depth of burial,
although the latter cannot be ruled out completely as acontributing factor.
From 0 to 353.5 meters the section was cored onlyintermittently and hence it is not known whether breaks
may be present in the section. One hiatus can berecognized, however, in Core 9. This is the interval from thelate Eocene to the mid Oligocene. Below this another hiatus
probably exists between the bottom of Core 10 (353.5 m)
and the top of Core 12 (373.5 m). The missing section ofsome 20 meters (no sediment was recovered in Core 11)

SITE 217

encompasses part of the middle Eocene, the lower Eocene,
and much of the upper Paleocene, and unless all of theabove are much attenuated, at least some part of thesection must be missing. The Paleocene interval recoveredin Cores 12 through 16 extends from the late Paleocene(though by no means the latest) to the Danian. The
Maastrichtian seems well developed at this site thoughmany of the diagnostic fossils are not present. The qualityof the fossil assemblages deteriorates notably below the late
Maastrichtian, concomitant with an increase in nonpelagic
constituents in the assemblage as well as silica content in
the form of chert. Consequently, only broad limits can be
put on the age of the lowest cores, i.e., they are no older
than early Campanian nor younger than early Maastrichtian. The general aspect of the calcareous assemblages,
however, suggests a Campanian age.
The sediment assumes an increasingly more shallow
water aspect towards the bottom of the section, as
indicated by the much reduced pelagic constituents in thesediment.
Foraminifera

Planktonic foraminifera were found in all samples
examined down to Core 36. They give ages of Pleistocene
and early Pliocene on Cores 1 and 2. Sample 3, CC has agood Pliocene assemblage (in contrast to Core 2, CC) but
Sample 3-1, 28-30 cm does not. Cores 4 and 5 are upperand middle Miocene, respectively. As in previous holes,
there is an improvement in the assemblages recovered in thevicinity of the Oligocene/Miocene boundary; Core 6 isupper Oligocene (Zone N.3) in age. Also as previously, thematerial deteriorates from there on down, in this case into
the middle Eocene (Core 10). The pattern continues with athick record and good assemblages of the Planorotalites
pseudomenardii Zone (P.4; Paleocene) which was identified
in Cores 12, CC to 15, CC, inclusive. The lower part of the
Paleocene is very compressed: Core 16 spans the 3- to
4-m.y. interval of Danian Zone P.I. Fossils of early Danianage extend down to 16, CC, but Maastrichtian species
extend up to 16-5, 34-36 cm. It is concluded on
foraminiferal evidence that the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary falls between Cores 16 and 17 and that reworking
covers about the same interval of time as that represented
by a hiatus at Site 216.
The Cretaceous section begins with a rich upper
Maastrichtian assemblage characteristic of the Globotruncana mayaroensis Zone in low latitudes. There arevariations in specimen number, preservation, and benthonicdiversity down to Sample 23, CC, but G. mayaroensis
persists and the age thus is still upper Maastrichtian. Core
24, CC is quite different: most of the higher species were
not found, including G. mayaroensis; Rugoglobigerina has
become abundant; Globotruncana is much reduced indiversity; the general aspect is lower Maastrichtian.
However, the top part of Core 24 is transitional, and thepresence of G. intermedia in the absence of G. mayaroensis
may indicate the mid-Maastrichtian G. gansseri Zone, forwhich there is little evidence otherwise. The Rugoglobigerina assemblage continues through the interval in which
Inoceramus prisms are common in the residues (especially
Core 29). In Cores 31 to 36, where tests are süicified,sponge spicules are often frequent and Inoceramus is muchless common, the assemblages differ from those above inthat Rugoglobigerina is relatively less common and
Globotruncana cf. marginata is present. Only very small
planktonics occur in Core 36, CC, and no fossils were foundin a residue from Core 37. The virtually total absence of the
Globotruncana stuarti group below the upper Maastrichtian
renders correlation and age determination very tentative.
However, Bolivinoides draco miliaris in Core 27 indicates alate Campanian-early Maastrichtian age, and Globotruncanaof the arca/rosetta type in Core 36 suggests a Campanianage. Two samples from Hole 217A, Core 14 contained raresüicified benthonics and long-ranging planktonics. Nothing
was found in 217A-15, CC. It can be assumed that thedolarenites section does not extend below the Campanian.
Nannofossils

Calcareous nannofossils were recovered throughout theinterval cored at Hole 217, from Core 1 to Core 34 The
section ranges in age from Quaternary at the top to Upper
Cretaceous (probably Campanian) at the bottom. Theintermittently cored upper portion of the section yielded
the following ages:
Core 1; Pleistocene. The Emiliania huxleyi Zone isrepresented in Section 1; the Gephyrocapsa oceanica Zone
in Sections 2 and 3; and the Pseudo emiliania lacunosa Zone
in Sections 4 through 6.
Core 2; early Pliocene. The entire core is assignable to
the Discoaster asymmetricus or Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica Zone.
Core 3; late Miocene, Discoaster quinqueramus Zone.
Core 4; late Miocene, Discoaster neohamatus Zone.
Cores 5 and 6; undifferentiated middle Miocene, except
Core 6, Sections 5 and 6 which are assignable to theSphenolithus heteromorphus Zone.
Core 6, CC; early Miocene, Sphenolithus belemnos Zone.
Cores 7 and 8, Section 1; Oligocene, Sphenolithus
ciperoensis Zone.
Core 8, Section 2 through Core 9, Section 5; Oligocene,
Sphenolithus distentus through Cyclococcolithina formosazones.
Core 9, Section 6; late Eocene, Discoaster barbadiensis
Zone.
Core 10; middle Eocene, Chiasmolithus grandis Zone.
Core 11; no recovery.
Core 12 through Core 16, Section 6; Paleocene. Core 12,
Section 1 is assignable to the Discoaster multiradiatus Zone;
Cores 13 and 14 are mid-Paleocene; and Cores 15 and 16
are probably early Paleocene (Danian) in age. The
nannofossils in the core catcher of Core 16 are late
Maastrichtian in age, though admixed with some Danian
forms.
Cores 17 through 24 are probably late Maastrichtian inage. Neither Nephrolithus frequens nor Tetralithus murus,
the high latitude and low latitude index species,
respectively, for the late Maastrichtian are present, and theage assignment is based on the occurrence of Cylindralithus
gallicus. Bronsoina parca has its highest occurrence in Core24, indicating an early Maastrichtian age, below Core 24
Tetralilithus ritidus trifidus also occurs. Bronsoina parcaoccurs as low as Core 36 (217A-12 or 217A-13) indicating

273

SITE 217

an age not older than Campanian for this level. The lowest
core, Core 37, yielded no calcareous nannofossils.
In general, the preservation and diversity of nannofossils
is good in the late Neogene (late Miocene throughQuaternary). Below this level, however, species diversity ismuch reduced and preservation is poor, with many
specimens heavily calcified. Especially poor preservation isnoticeable in the Paleocene-Eocene interval, and there
appear to be several substantial gaps in the sedimentary
record which cannot be accounted for entirely by the
incomplete core recovery.
In the Upper Cretaceous interval the species diversity is
substantially greater than in the Tertiary and reaches its
peak around Cores 24 and 25. Below that level the numberof species seemingly declines, though it appears erratic,
depending on the chertiness of the sample. The absence ofNephrolithus frequens in the late Maastrichtian is puzzlingin view of the persistence of that species in the sameinterval at Site 216. The absence of Tetralithus mums, thescarcity of Lithraphidites quadratus in the late Maastrichtian, and its absence in the early Maastrichtian may suggestthat ecological factors other than climate may haveoperated in determining the complexion of the Maastrichtian assemblages.
Radiolaria

Radiolaria are present and generally well preserved inmost of the samples examined from Cores 1 through 12 at
Hole 217. These cores range in age from Quaternary to
middle Eocene. Below Core 12 Radiolaria are absent. The
following age assignments can be made for the intervals
cored.
Core 1 contains abundant, well-preserved Radiolaria of
Quaternary age. In Core 2, which is lower Pliocene in age
based on the discoaster assemblages, Radiolaria are virtuallyabsent in the two samples examined (217-2-1,125-127 cm;
217-2, CC). Core 3 contains the boundary between the
Stichocorys peregrina Zone at the top of the core (Sample
217-3-1, 70-72 cm) and the Ommatartus penultimus Zone
in the core catcher. Core 4 is within the Ommatartus
antepenultimus Zone. Core 5 is within the upper
Dorcadospyris alata Zone. Core 6 is within the Calocycletta
virginis Zone. Core 7 is within the Dorcadospyris ateuchus
Zone. Core 8 is within the upper Theocyrtis tuberosa Zone.
Core 9 contains the boundary between the Theocyrtis
tuberosa Zone and the Thyrosocyrtis bromia Zone. Core 10
contains three radiolarian zones of middle Eocene age:
Podocyrtis mitra Zone (Samples 217-10-1, 108-110 cm and217-10-2, 68-70 cm); Podocyrtis ampla Zone (Sample
217-10-4, 70-72 cm); and Thyrsocyrtis triacantha Zone
(Sample 217-10, CC). Core 11 was empty. Core 12
contained poorly preserved middle Eocene radiolarianfragments. Below Core 12 Radiolaria are absent.
CORRELATION OF REFLECTION PROFILE AND
STRATIGRAPHIC COLUMN

Site 217 is situated on the crest of the northernmost
extension of Ninetyeast Ridge. Seismic profiles in the area
show a relatively thick (0.6 to 0.8 sec) draped sedimentary
unit over the ridge, similar to that seen at the previous ridge
site to the south (Site 216). The northern section of the274

ridge is flanked by sediments of the Bengal Abyssal Fan,and draped ridge sediments are seen to dip below the
onlapping turbidites.
Details of the seismic reflection profile at Site 217 showa unit of moderately transparent sediment about 0.6 sec inthickness above acoustic basement. Minor reflectors occur
throughout the sediment layer, with two notable zones ofreflection, labeled 1 and 2 (see Figure 3) at 0.2 and 0.4 sec.
Of these two, number 2 is the strongest.
The most plausible correlation between the seismicreflection profile and the drilled sediment column relates
the uppermost weak reflector, at 0.2 sec, to onset ofchalkiness in the nannofossil ooze, at about 150 meters.
The underlying strong reflector at 0.4 sec may correspondwith uppermost (Eocene) chert stringers within the chalk at
375 m. Acoustic basement, at 0.6 sec, best correlates withthe upper level of indurated dolomites within the
dolomite-chert sequence, at a sediment depth of 600
meters.
If the above relationships are true, then the intervalvelocity between the sediment surface and Reflector 1 is
1.5 km/sec, between Reflectors 1 and 2 is 2.2 km/sec, andbetween Reflector 2 and acoustic basement is 2.3 km/sec.
The overall interval velocity down to acoustic basement is
2.0 km/sec.
Depths of reflectors and interval velocities are as follows.
Reflector

2-Way Time(sec.)

Depth
(m)

0
1
2
.

0

0.20
0.40
0.60

0
150
375
600

Interval Velocity(km/sec)
1.5
2.2
2:3

2.0

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Site 217 is situated on the eastern flank of the northern
Ninetyeast Ridge, near its juncture with the Java Trench. It
was chosen in an area of relatively thick (>0.6 sec),
acoustically stratified draped sediments, approximately 22km from the nearest obvious onlapping Bengal Fan
turbidites. Water depth at the site is 3010 meters.
Igneous rock was not reached, and the oldest lithologic
unit samples is a Campanian dolarenite-chert complex inwhich the dolomite is clearly of secondary origin. Sugary
rhombs of this mineral have replaced shallow-water
bioclastic material of possible lagoonal or shelf origin, andat least two repeated phases of dolomitization are indicatedby zoned dolomitic overgrowths on sparry calcite nuclei(see Chapter 21). Occasional complete dessication of thedepositional environment is suggested by the tentative
identification of a mud-crack in fine-grained carbonates
near the base of the hole.
Progressive sinking of the Ninetyeast Ridge is reflectedin the overlying lithologic unit which is composed of lateCampanian to mid-late Miocene foraminifera- and clay-richnannofossil ooze, chalk, and chert. Basal portions of thisunit contain definite evidence for a shallow water
environment in the form of a molluscan macrofauna(notably oysters), a microfauna and flora with shallowwater affinities, and the presence of glauconite. Paleonto-

SITE 217
SITE 217,217A

Nanno oozeJ

Nanno chalk-2-3

Nanno chalk

A

600Dolomite-chert
sequence

5
Nautical Miles
1

T.D. 6635 m
Figure 3. Correlation of reflection profile and stratigraphic column at Site 217.

275

SITE 217

logic evidence indicates an oceanic environment for the
carbonate ooze and chalk section above 500 meters.
The uppermost lithologic unit is dominantly an oceanic
calcareous nannofossil ooze of mid-late Miocene to Recent
age. Oozes in this unit contain a significant admixture ofterrigenous clay particularly in the upper part, which may
be due to greater turbidite activity in the Bay of Bengal fan
in late Miocene times.
The basal sediments from Site 217 are at least 7 to 10
m.y. older than those at Site 216. The distance separating
the two sites is less than 800 km. Thus the effective
spreading rate of the ridge is probably between 8 and 10
cm/yr, considerably less than that between Sites 216 and276

214. Some speculations concerning the implications ofthese different spreading rates have been included in theregional synthesis chapter.
The two unconformities recognized by Curray and
Moore (1971) were found to be uppermost Miocene andPaleocene-Eocene respectively. The deeper of these wasthus considerably older than their estimated Miocene age.
REFERENCE
Curray, J. R. and Moore, D. G., 1971. Growth of theBengal deep-sea fan and denudation in the Himalayas:
Geol. Soc. Am., v. 82, p. 563-572.

Hole
FOSSILCHARACTER

Corel

Cored Interval: 40-49.5 m

Cored Interval: 0-9.5 m
FOSSILCHARACTER

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTIONFORAM RICH CLAY NANNO OOZE
olive gray (5Y4/1), greenish gray
(5GY6/1, occasional mottles
light bluish gray (5B7/1) colors streaked due to drilling.
Nannos41 ,ClayForams
15!
Rads
:
i%
SpiculesCarbonate fragments
5%(detrital?)
Basaltic glass, hornblende, feldspar,s i l i c o f l a g . , diatoms,
opaques
Tr.

FORAM RICH CLAY NANNO OOZE
5B7/1 mottles
NannosForamsClay
Rads
Carbonate fragments
Diatoms

Silicoflag.
Spicules

FORAM NANNO RICH CLAY OOZE
l i g h t bluish gray (5B7/1)
w i t h streaks of medium gray(N5)
Carbonate of s i l t
and f i n e sandsize
402
Nannos20%
Forams10%
Clay30%
Glauconite
Tr.

44%
15%
30%
3%
5%
1%

GLASS FORAM RICH CLAY NANNO
black Mn spots

12

OOZE
greenish gray (5GY6/1)
NannosClay
ForamsVolcanic glass(rhyolitic)
Carbonate fragments

40%
35%
10%
10%
5%

Sections 4, 5, 6 too watery to
split.
CLAY NANNO OOZE

X - r a y a t 0.40 m Calc 6 9 , Quar 1 1 , Plag 3 , Kaol 2 ,Mica 1 4 , Chio 1

FORAM RICH CLAY NANNO OOZE
light bluish gray withmottled zones of medium lightgray (N6)Core
Catcher

NannosForamsClay
Carbonate fragments
Epidote, feldspar,
spicules-----1-

X-ray at 43.70
Explanatory notes in Chapter 1

CLAY NANNO OOZECoreCatcher
Explanatory notes in Chapter 1

45%
15%
35%
5%
Tr.

Calc 88, Quar 4, Plag 1, Mica 6Mont 1

Q. O R

A

E

1

ü

1
1
1
1
1

I
1

8 I~Z

2

a S.|

N
R
F

A
C
C

G
G
F

Core
Catcher

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1- GEO CHEM

"£ α:

?

DEFORMATION

PRES.

G
F

LITHOLOGY

III

AßUND.
AC

METERSFOSSILZONE

AGELATE MIOCENE

N
F

E IS)

4/1

Cored In terval: 70-79.5 m

Core 3

FOSSILCHARACTER

_1_

i»i

Site 217

Hole

Core 4LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

moderate bioturbation (0-75 cm)-80

NANNO OOZE
light bluish gray (5B7/1) laminatedwith greenish gray (BG6/1)(75-80 cm)
occasional
black Mn mottles

pale o l i v e(10Y6/2).
unopened

_l_

_L-"

M

Cored Interval:116-125.5 m

FOSSILCHARACTER

LITHO.SAMPLEHoleSECTION

Site 217

greenish gray
• (5GY6/1)

CLAY NANNO OOZE
light bluish gray streaked withgreenish gray
Nannos64%
Clay30%
Carbonate fragments
3%
Forams1%
Basic glass
Tr.
Si Tic. foss.
Tr.

CLAY NANNO OOZE
light greenish gray (5G8/1)
with mottles dusky yellow(5Y6/4), very stiff
Nannos
60%
Clay
25%
Rads
5%
Forams5%
Diatoms3%
Spicules2%siliceous foss. pyritized

5G8/1 withmottles 10Y6/2
10Y6/2
5G8/1
60 cm pyritized burrow cast

Explanatory notes in Chapter 1

section unopened
X-ray at 122.60 m Calc 86, Quar 4 , Plag 1 , Kaol 2,
Mica 3, Mont 3

5G8/1

olive gray
5Y3/2

pale olive(10Y6/2)Core
Catcher
Explanatory notes in Chapter 1

CLAY NANNO OOZE
5G8/1, very stiff
Nannos
55%
Clay
35%
Rads
3%
Forams3%
Diatomsλ%Carbonate fragments
3%
Silic. fossils not so
Dvritized as in Sections 1-3.

A

G

C

M

N
R
F

A
C
R

G
M
P

Core
Catcher

DEFORMATION 1

LITHO.SAMPLE

LITHOLOGYi i i i 1 i i i i ! i i i i

N
R

•

1

Cored Interval: 182.5-192 m

Cored Interval:154-163.5 m

METERSSECTION

Core 5o

ABUND.

PRES.

ZONE

J
AGE
MIDDLE MIOCENE

Dorcadospyris alata
Zone (R)NI 2

Hole
FOSSILCHARACTERFOSSIL

Site 217

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

CLAY RICH NANNO CHALK
moderate orange pink (5YR8/4)
Nannos (and some Micarb) 78%
Forams (small)
7%
Clay
15%
S i l i c . foss.
Tr.

VOID

1

πi-^i- -"1
1 -1301
1
1
11

very pale orange
mottles (10YR8/2)— bioturbation

CLAY RICH NANNO OOZE
yellowish gray (5Y7/2)
very stiff with one chalkylayer
Nannos (and micarb?)
77%
Clay
20%
Forams2%
Siliceous foss.
<λl— burrows
slight bioturbation

moderate bioturbation

Explanatory notes in Chapter 1very pale orange (10YR8/2)
ASH NANNO OOZE
pale yellowish brown (1OYR6/2)
Nannos (and some Micarb) 57%
Glass (29% rhyolitic,
1% basaltic)
30%
Clay
10%
Forams2%
Rads
1%
SpiculesTr.

CLAY RICH NANNO OOZE
yellowish gray (5Y8/1)
Nannos (and some Micarb) 86%
Clay
12%
Forams2%
Volcanic glass,spiculesTr.

homogeneousmoderate
J?tqturbationoccasional mottles of very
light gray (N8)homogeneous

Explanatory notes in Chapter 1

CΛ

H
W

to

to

Site 217

Hole

Core 7Site 217

Cored I n t e r v a l ; 230-239.5 m

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

HoleCore 8

Cored Interval:268-277.5 m

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

CLAY RICH NANNO CHALK
very light gray (N8)occasional mottles bluish white(5B9/1)
Nannos (andsome M i c a r b )84-86?
Forams
3%
Clay
11%
Rads
1 - 3%
SpiculesTr.

yellowish gray (5Y8/1) s l i g h t l y higher rad content

CLAY RICH NANNO CHALK
very l i g h t gray (N8) withspecks and mottles of l i g h t
brownish gray (5YR6/1).
Occasional f l a k e o f dusky
yellow green (5GY5/2)
Nannos83%
Clay
12%
Forams3%
Rads
2%
Spicules
Tr.

Hole

Core 9Site 217

Cored Interval;306-315.5 m

HoleCorelOLITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

IΛCored Interval;344-353.5 m

FOSSILCHARACTERFOSSILCHARACTER

C

yellowish (5Y8/1) grading down
to very l i g h t gray (N8).
Occasional dipping laminae ofgreenish gray (5GY6/1). Mostly
homogeneous, s l i g h t m o t t l i n g inplaces.
Nannos (some Micarb
and carbonate f r a g ments)
75-85%
Rads
5%
Clay"10-20%Glass, s p i c u l e s ,foramsTr.

very pale orange(10YR8/2)

NANNO CHALK
yellowish gray (5Y8/1) withoccasional mottles and streaksof very light gray (N8)in Sections 1 and 2. Slightmoderate bioturbation.
Nannos (and Micarb) 89-933!
Clay
5- 1%
ForamsTr.- 3%Rads
Tr.- 3%
Spicules, glass, iron Tr.
oxide

Sections 4,5,6 moderate orange
pink (5YR8/4)

Core
Catcher
Explanatory notes in Chapter 1

NJ
00

p

Catcher

Explanatory notes in Chapter 1

Core 11 no recovery
in interval 364 to 373.5

Core 12

DEFORMATIONMETERSSECTIONZONEAGECHA RAC TERLITHOLOGY

A

F

N

A

F

N
R
F

A

F
P
F

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1

PALEOCENE
Discoastermultiradiatus
Fasciculithus
tympaniformis

_.

a.

F

.

1

A

Site 217

Cored I n t e r v a l ; 3 7 3 . 5 - 3 8 3 m

F OSSI L

LITHO.SAMPLE

Hole

Site 217

Hole

Core 14CORE 11 NO RECOVERY i n i n t e r v a l 364 to 373.5 m
VOID

i

i

mostly yellowish gray (5Y8/1)

i

NANNO CHALK
pale yellowish brown (10YR6/2)
mottled with very pale orange(10YR8/2)
Nannos (some Carbonate
fragments)
87%
Forams
3%
Clay
10*

148

DEFORMATION

LITHOLOGY

Li-

LITHO.SAMPLE

σ

Cored Interval;383-392.5 m

METERSZONEAGE

F 1SSI L
CHA RAC HER

very pale orange (10YR8/2)*Planorotalites pseudomenardii (P4) (F)Core 13

SECTION

Hole_J

Site 217

H
W
to

Core
Catcher

Explanatory notes in Chapter 1

Cored Interval; 392.5-402 n

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

115-125 cm fragments o f l i g h t
brown (5YR5/6) and dusky yellowish
brown (10YR8/2) very hard t r a n s lucent chert also very hard(silicified) chalk.

NANNO CHALK
with some Mn micronodules (<5mm)
Nannos90-95%
Forams
5-1 OXClay
T r . - 5%
Iron oxide
Tr.

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

FasicuHthus
tympaniformis
Zone

VOID
A A A A i

0.5-

1
1.0-

*

f*•

*l

i

i

A

iA

1
1
1
I -80

N
R
F

A
A

.

F
F

Core
Catcher

_]_

"_1_

-1-

I

-L_

fragments of chert and hard chalk as i n Core 12
NANNO CHALKl i g h t o l i v e gray (5Y6/1)
chert pebbles i n chalk

1

-120

*

MID PALEOCENE

NJ
00
to

grayish orange
pink (5YR7/2}
pale yellow
brown (10YR6/2)

o CLAY
Nannos (and Micarb)
Forams80%
10°/

C l a y10

NANN

pinkish gray (5YR8/1)

a l t e r n a t i n g 10YR8/3
and pinkish gray (5YR8/1)*

115-145 cm b i o t u r b a t i o nmoderate b i o t u r b a t i o n
BIOMICRITE WITH CHERT LENSES
t h i n section 109 cm
Foram shells - somef i l l e d with silica
10%Micrite - few patches
silicified
90%
Explanatory notes in Chapter 1*Planorotalites pseudomenardii Zone (P4) (F)Explanatory notes in Chapter 1

Site 217

Cored Interval: 402-411.5 m

HoleCore 16

Cored Interval: 411.6-421 m

FOSSILCHARACTER
LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

pinkish gray
(5YR7/1) laminae
10YR6/2 chert
chips
pale yellowish
brown (10YR6/2)

Core
Catchermottled bioturbation
pale yellowish brown(10YR6/2)

FORAM CLAY RICH NANNO CHALK
Nannos (and some Micarb) 65%
Forams10%
Clay25%
Glass and FeO
Tr.
Chert pebble - dark reddish
brown (10R3/4)
grayish orange pink (5YR7/2)
with mottles very pale orange(10YR8/2)

CLAY FORAM RICH NANNO CHALK
moderate orange pink (5YR8/4)
moderate to strong b i o t u r b a t i o nNannos (some Micarb)
75%
Forams15%
Clay
10%
Iron Oxide
Tr.

CLAY NANNO CHALK
Nannos (and some Micarb) 60%
Forams5%
Clay35%

Explanatory notes in Chapter 1

49-53 cm grayish o l i v e (10Y4/2)

moderate to strong
bioturbations a l l sections

CLAY FORAM RICH NANNO CHALK
Nannos78%
Forams
12%
Clay
10%

Glass, iron oxide

Explanatory notes in Chapter 1

00

Tr.

NJ
00

Site217

Hole

Corel7

Cored I n t e r v a l : 4 3 0 . 5 - 4 4 0 m

Cored Interval: 4Z1-430.5 m
FOSSILCHARACTERFOSSILCHARACTER

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

CLAY RICH NANNO CHALKv a r i e g a t e d g r a y i s h orange pink
(5YR7/2), l i g h t brown (BYR6/4),
very l i g h t gray (N8)moderate b i o t u r b a t i o nNannos (and Micarb)
89%
Clay
10%
Forams1%
Iron oxideTr.

m o s t l y g r a y i s h orange pink
(5YR7/2) w i t h bands and m o t t l e sof very l i g h t gray (N8)slight bioturbation throughout
Nannos (and Micarb)
90%
ForamsSt
ClaySt

115-118 cm layer ofl i g h t brown (5YR5/6)
contains 3% ironoxide (hematite?)

99% nannos i n l i g h t gray p a r t
CoreCatcher
Explanatory notes in Chapter 1

Core
Catcher
Explanatory notes i n Chapter 1

S i t e 217

Cored Interval: 440-449.5 m

HoleCore20Cored I n t e r v a l : 4 4 9 . 5 - 4 5 9 m

FOSSILCHARACTERFOSSILCHARACTER

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

variegated grayish orange
pink (5YR7/2) and very lightgray (N8)102-111 zone grayish orange
pink (5YR7/2)
CLAY RICH NANNO CHALK
NannosClay
Forams, v o l c a n i c g l a s s ,ISQIEZZ;

iron oxide, feldspar

90S
10%

Tr.

yellowish gray (5Y8/1)

CLAY RICH NANNO CHALK
yellowish gray (5Y8/1)

pinkish gray zones at
95-100 and 120-135

00(5YR7/2)Core
CatcherCore
Catcher

Explanatory notes i n Chapter 1

Explanatory notes in Chapter 1

Nannos (some Micarb)
Clay
Forams, feldspar

to00

Site217

Hole
FOSSIL

Core 21Site 217

Cored Interval :459-468.5 m

Cored Interval:468.5-478 m

CHARACTER

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

CLAY RICH NANNO CHALK
diffuse color banding of lightbrown (5YR6/4) and l i g h t gray(N7)
beds average 10-20 cm thickslight bioturbation throughout
brown layer
Nannos (andMicarb)
85%
Clay
15%
Feldspar, iron Tr.
oxide
CLAY RICH NANNO CHALKNaπnos (and some Micarb) 85%
Forams5%
Clay10*
Feldspar and glassTr.
predominantly yellowish gray
(5Y8/1) with faint bands ofgrayish orange pink (5YR7/2)
slight to moderate bioturbation
throughout
occasional dark gray streak may
mark fractures
Explanatory notes in Chapter 1

Core
Catcher
Explanatory notes in Chapter 1gray layer
Nannos (andMicarb) 87%
Clay
12%
Forams1%

Site 217

Hole

Core 23

Site 217

Cored Interval:478-487.5 m

HoleCore 24

Cored Interval:487.5-497 m

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

pale yellowish brown (1OYR6/2)
mottled with l i g h t o l i v e gray (5Y6/1)(5Y6/1) with mottles (10YR6/2)

very l i g h t
gray (N8)

CLAY RICH NANNO CHALK
Nannos (and Micarb)
Clay
ForamsFeldspar, glass,iron oxide

83%
15%
1%
Tr.

(N8) and l i g h t
gray (N7)1OYR6/2

CLAY RICH 1ANNO CHALK
Carbonate s i l t( s i m i l a r Core 23,
Section 5)
85%
Clay
15%
Forams, f e l d s p a r ,iron oxideTr.
mainly light gray (N7) withmottles of very light gray (N8) moderate bioturbation throughout

Site217

Hole

Core25Site 217

Cored Interval; 497-506.5 m

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

CLAY RICH NANNO CHALK
intermottled l i g h t gray (N7)and very l i g h t gray (N8)scattered black specks moderatebioturbation throughout
Most carbonate of s i l t size yrith=7% sand s i z e ; <5%recognizable nannos
85%
Forams3%
Clay
12%
Pyrite and feldspar
Tr.

Hole

Core 26

Cored I n t e r v a l : 506.5-516 m

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

CLAY RICH NANNO CHALK.
light gray and very light gray(N7-N8) moderate bioturbation
Carbonate silt including=7% sand size fragments
88%
Clay
11%
Forams1%

Oyster shells Section 1 , 91-130 cm
and Section 5, 43 cm.
Black specks (113 cm smear in
Section 1) contain 20-25% clay
and 2% p y r i t e .

Carbonate silt including=10% sand size fragments
65%
Shell frags.-mostly
20%
Clay
12%
Forams3%
Inoceramus - shown by I

Site 217

Cored I n t e r v a l . - 5 1 6 - 5 2 5 . 5 m

HoleCore 28

Cored Interval: 525.5-535 m

FOSSILCHARACTER

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

moderate to Intense bioturbation
scatted Inoceramus and oyster shells
CLAY SHELL RICH NANNO CHALK
light gray (N7) mottled with very
light gray (N8)
Carbonate of silt andsand size
Shell fragments
Clay
Forams

CLAY SHELL RICH NANNO CHALK
very l i g h t gray (N8) mottled
w i t h l i g h t gray (N7J

Inoceramus l a y e r s ( I )I

CLAY SHELL RICH NANNO CHALK
Carbonate silt and sand 60%
Sand sized calcite mainly
25%
Clay
10%
Forams5%

slight .
bioturbation

N8 with mottles N7slight bioturbation

SHELL RICH NANNd CHALK
Carbonate silt andsandShell fragments
Clay
Forams

N8 with mottles
and burrows N7

Core
Catchermoderatebioturbation

Explanatory notes in Chapter 1
pyrite specks
at 70 cm

CLAY SHELL RICH NANNO CHALK
Carbonate silt (somesparry calcite)
Shells (mostly
Inoceramus)
Clay
Foramsdark "clay rich" laminae
inclined 10°
Carbonate silt and sand 60%
Cl ay
20%
Shell
20%

I = Inoceramus fragments

No c/cExplanatory notes in Chapter 1

to

to
o

Site 217

Cored I n t e r v a l : 535-544

HoleCore 30

Cored I n t e r v a l : 544-553.5 m

FOSSILCHARACTER
LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

CLAY-RICH SHELLY NANNO CHALKl i g h t gray (N7) with mottles,
burrows, and occasionallaminations of medium l i g h t gray
gray (N6)greenish gray
(5GY5/1)

interlaminated andmottled 5GY6/1
and N7shelly zone

5GY6/1 and N7
mottledmoderate-strong
biotubation
5GY6/1 and N8

SHELL-RICH ZONE
Sand and coarse s i l t sizeshell fragments - mainly
Inoceramus, some forams
and few faecal pellets 50%
Fine s i l t size carbonate
with =10% sparry

CLAY RICH SHELL MICARB
CHALK
54%
S i l t - s i z e carbonate
Shell fragments andand few faecal
pellets
Clay- er
Forams3%
Authigenic s i l i c a , glass
feldspar'lr.

calcite42«

45,50,65 - l e n t i c u l a r laminae containing
concentration of small shells - calcarenite

ForamsClay
Iron oxide

3%
5%
Tr.

N7 and 5GY6/1

moderate to intense
bioturbation occasional
Inoceramus and oyster shell

N8 with mottles andlaminae(?) of
5GY6/1

N7, 5GY6/1, N5

105-120 cm coarser
layer 5GY6/1
CoreCatcher

SILICA SHELL MICARB CHALK
Chalcedonic(?) s i l i c aseen in matrix
3
Few squares, poor rhombs,
and laths of authigenic
carbonate "5%

135 - lamina of f l a t
granules (white) ingreenish matrix

I • Inoceramus fragments
120-150 cm of Section 3 N8 with mottles
and laminations(?) of 5GY6/1
oysters at 145 cm
130-135 laminae
thin section 118 cm Section 3
Forams and few pelecypod
shell fragments; >half
forams f i l l e d with chalcedony, only larger
pelecypods p a r t i a l l ysilicified
50%
Microcrystalline carbonate,
no nannos visible
50%

Explanatory notes i n Chapter 1

c / c green gray c h a l k as above +3 cm o f o l i v e gray
(5Y3/2) chert and greenish gray s i l i c i f i e d limestone

Explanatory notes in Chapter 1

Cored Interval:572-582.5 m

Cored Interval:553-563.5 m
FOSSILCHARACTER

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTIONSILICA BEARING MICARB CHALK
complex interlaminations andmottles of dark greenish gray
(5GY4/1), greenish gray (5G6/1)
and l i g h t gray (N7) - scale ofl e n t i c u l a r laminae <l to 5 mm
occasional large shell f r a g ments (oyster?) scatteredthroughout
gray
green
Microcrystalline
slightlycarbonate53%
more clay
Shell fragments 33%
and s i l i c a ?
Authigenic SiO2 7%
Authigenic CaCO3 5%
Clay2%

predominantly
gray

CLAY BEARING SILICA SHELL RICH

green muds tonefrag.-mostly
glauconite

Micrite and Nanno fragments
A u t h . SiO 2
Silt-sized shell fragments
ClayAuth. carb.
Foramspredominantly
greenish graythin section 129 cm Section 1
Forams, pelecypod shells,
current oriented
30%
Microcrystalline carbonate matrix
70%
Foram shells mostly f i l l e d withsparite. Rare patches ofchalcedonic s i l i c a .
Section 2, 25-35 cm and 70-80
well laminated - occasional
lenticular lamination (<2 m)of calcarenite - alternating
greenish gray and l i g h t gray140-150 intense bioturbation

68%
10%
10%
5%
5%
2%

Structure: laminations and mottled asin Core 32 with few slump structures
also occasional pods of calcarenite
moderate b i o t u r b a t i o n , some shellfragments.

2-5° dips on
lamination
Core
Catcherchert and s i l i c i f i e d limestone
Cored Interval:582-591.5 m
FOSSILCHARACTER

Cored Interval:563-572.5 m
FOSSILCHARACTER

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION
LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

80-90 highly s i l i c i f i e dlayer (N4)SILICA RICH MICARR CHAI K
M i c r i t e (5% whole Nannos) 82%
brownish black(5YR2/1)
chert nodules

Ah
Auth.
Auth.

15%
3%

Complex interlaminations andcompressed mottles (?) of darkgreenish gray (5GY4/1), greenish
gray (5GY6/1) and l i g h t gray (N7)also chemical "banding" causing'pseudomicrolamination'.

chert (5YR2/1)
brownish blackCore
Catcher

FORAM RFARINfi STI TT.A •SHFI I RTTH

Micrite (1% whole Nannos) 55%
Shell fragments and faecal 25%
Auth. SiO2 (excluding
replacement SiO 2 )5%Forams - partiallysilicified
7%
Clay
5%
Auth. CaCO3
2%
Hornblende, vole, glass,glauc, pyriteTr.

lamination, but l i t t l ebioturbation, dark greenish
gray (5GY4/1) laminated withl i g h t gray (N7)SILICA CLAY RICH MICARB

CHALKMicriteClay
Auth. SiO2
Auth. CaC0 3
Forams

54%
25%
10%
5%

( s i l i c i f i e d ) 3%
Silt-size shellfragments
2%
Pyrite1%Vole, glass,glauc.
Tr.

X-ray at 582.50 m Calc 85, Mont 15
Explanatory notes in Chapter 1

H
Explanatory notes in Chapter 1mtoCore 36

Cored Interval:601-610.5

VOID

1
l.CH

F
N

2

FOSSILCHARACTER
LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

3
brownish black (5YR2/1) chert with calcite veinsinterbedded fine grained dark greenish gray (5GY4/1)
and coarse grained greenish gray (5GY6/1)
fine layers - SILICA CLAY RICH MICARB CHALK
same as Core 34
coarse layers - SILICA BEARING DOLOMITE RICH BIOMICRITE
M i c r i t e (few Nannos)
50%
Dolomite30%
Calcite (shells and auth. carb.) 14%
Auth. SiO 2
S%
Pyrite1%
115-134 SILICA BEARING MICRITE RICH DOLOMITE
DolomiteM i c r i t e aggregates
Auth. SiO2
Feldspar, p y r i t e , glauc.

Explanatory notes 1n Chapter 1

75%
20%
5%
Tr.

DEFORMATION

0.5-

LITHO.SAMPLE

METERS

CC o n l y
1 piece ( 4 cm) o f dusky y e l l o w i s h brown (10YR2/2)
CHERT
1 piece (7 cm) o f dark gray (N4) l i m e s t o n e , laminated

Cored Interval .- 510.5-614.5 m

LITHOLOGYI I I I 1 I I I I 1 I I I I 1 I I I I 1 i I i i 1 i i I i

Hole

Q

ε

CJLICA BEARING GLASS RICH LIMESTONE
Sparry c a l c i t e87%
D e v i t . v o l e , glass
10%
Auth. quartz
2%
Pyri te1%

Site 217

C o r e 37

SECTION

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTIONZONELITHOLOGYHoleF OSSI L
cw RAC TERAGESECTI0PRES.

ABUND.

FOSSILZONECoreCatcherSite 217

Cored I n t e r v a l : 5 9 1 - 6 0 1 . 5 m
DEFORMAT ION

Core 35

FOSSILCHARACTER

LITHO.SAM PLE

Hole

METERSS i t e 217

AGE

to

Core
Catcher
Explanatory notes in Chapter 1

130

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

mostly coarse grained medium dark gray (N4)
CLAY SILICA BEARING MICRITE RICH
DOLOMITE
Dolomite
Matrix ( m i c r i t e ? )Auth. SiO 2 (some chert)
Clay
Pyrite

80%
15%
3%
2%
Tr.

two t h i a (101-105 and 121-123 cm) fine green
gray (5GY6/1) layers
FORAM SILICA BEARING MICARB CHALK
M i c r i t e (few Nannos)
Auth. SiO2
S i l i c . forams

93%
5%
2%

X-ray at 611.80 m Calc 12, Dolo 80, Quar * 1 , Mont 7

Site 217

Hole A

Corel

Cored I n t e r v a l ; 0-9.5 m

Site 217

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

Hole A

Core 2

Cored I n t e r v a l : 9 . 5 - 1 9 m

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

DIATOM RAD BEARING FORAM RICH
CLAY NANNO OOZERAD DIATOM FORAM BEARING SHELL
CLAY NANNO OOZERAD SHELL BEARING FORAM RICH
CLAY NANNO OOZE
prominent color banding-greenish
gray (5GY6/1), medium gray (N5),light gray (N7), olive gray
(5Y4/1)FORAM BEARING CLAY NANNO OOZERAD BEARING FORAM RICH CLAYNANNO OOZEGeneral Lithology of Core 1
foram bearing to foram r i c hclay nanno ooze.
Siliceous f o s s i l s decrease from 10%
at top down to 2% a t base.
Clay averages about 30-40%.
Paler colored layers containmore siliceous f o s s i l s and forams
and less c l a v .

FORAM BEARING CLAY NANNO OOZE
mostly greenish gray (5GY6/1) withstreaks and mottles of olive gray
(5Y4/1). Some darker layers seen
also specks of black Mn
Nannos50%
Shell (mainly foram?)
10%
Forams7%
Clay32%
Rads and sponge spic.
Tr.

S i t e 217

Hole A

Core 3Site 217

Cored I n t e r v a l : 19-28.5 m

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTIONSHELL (FORAM) RICH CLAY NANNO OOZE
greenish gray (5GY6/1) streaked andmottled with medium gray (N5) ando l i v e gray (5Y4/1)
Nannos50%
Clay34%
Silt-size calcite (foram
fragments?)
15%
Forams
1%
Glass
Tr.

Hole A

Core 4

Cored Interval:27.5-38 m

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

Core 12

Cored Interval:625.5-635 m

Cored Interval:606.5-616 m

FOSSILCHARACTER
LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTIONInterbedded sequence of 3 l i t h o l o g i e sInterbedded
olive black 5Y2/1
greenish gray
(5GY6/1)
dark greenish
gray (5GY4/1)

5GY4/1
5Y2/1
5GY4/1
5GY4/1
5GY4/1

1)

CLAY RICH DOLOMITIC MICRITE
MicriteS i l t and fine sand-size
dolomite
Clay ( m a t r i x ) aggregates

1 . Clay r i c h micrite to mi c r i t i c claystone or shale. Contain s i l i c . forams,
faecal p e l l e t s , sponge s p i c , andp y r i t e . Some layers very hard ands i l i c i f i e d . Color - dark greenish gray
(5GY4/1). Part of micrite may be
dolomite.

45%
40%
15%

2) PYRITE BEARING SILICA CLAY RICH
DOLOMITE
Dolomite-up t o medium
sand-size
Matrix (?clay aggregates)
Auth. SiO 2
Pyri teGlauconite

Section 1 . S.S. 117 cm FORAM NANNO CALCITE RICH
CLAYSTONE (shale)
Section 2. S.S. 63 cm SILICA BEARING FORAM
CALCITE RICH MICRITE
CLAYSTONE
S.S. 142 cm FORAM BEARING DOLOMITECALCITE RICH CLAY MICRITE

60%
27%
10%
3%
Tr.

Calcite and Inoceramus fragments
present in both lithologies.
Dolomites become coarser at baseof Section 1; the two dolomite
beds in Section 1 show laminations.

2. Very fine-medium q r a i n e d d o l o m i t e w i t hmatrix of "clay" (cristobalite?, pyrite,
and ?) very fine grain dolomitesm e d i u m g r a y ( N 5 ) f i n e . m e dium dark

.
. . ,
..
fine-grained Dolomite

greenish gray (5GY4/1).
3. Olive black (5Y2/1) chert.

Hole A

Hole A
FOSSILCHARACTER

Corel3

3 lithologies present
olive black 5Y2/1 CHERT
dark greenish gray 5GY6/1 MICRITE (1)comp.
SILICA FORAM BEARING CLAY RICH MICRITE
Micrite46%
20%
Silt-size calcite
27%
Clay

i

'

Auth. SiO2
Silic. forams
Pyritemedium dark gray (N4]i, mostly finegrained, DOLOMITE (2Dolomites grade into micrites in places
though transition is abrupt.
Calcite veins and seams in all
lithologies.

I = INOCERAMUS shell fragments

Explanatory notes in Chapter 1

1

DEFORMATION

LITHOLOGYal

Cored Interval: 616-625.5 m

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTIONCoreCatcher1

LITHO.SAMPLEo

1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

ZONE

AGE

Core
Catcher

METERS

Cored Interval:635-644.5 m

FOSSI Lzw RAC rER

SECTION

Site 217

VOID

J-à. a t l MJ- -J- -JL.
-147

F

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTIONInterbedded:
Chert - o l i v e black (5Y2/1)
Dolomite - very fine to fine-medium dark gray (N4)f i n e to medium-dark greenish gray
(5GY4/1)
occasional INOCERAMUS fragments

Core
Catchermainly o l i v e gray (5Y3/2) Claystone

Explanatory notes in Chapter 1

Hole A

Corelδ

Cored Interval: 654-663.5 m

Cored Interval: 644.5-654 m

0.5-

VOID

1
1.0-

Core

Catcher-102

Interbedded
Dolomite - medium gray (N5) i n fone grained size
dark greenish gray (5GY4/1) medium
grain size
Chert - o l i v e black
PYRITE CLAY BEARING DOLOMITE
Dolomite
Clay matrix-brownish aggregates
PyriteGlauc.

90%
7%
3%
Tr.

1

Core
Catchar

DEFORMATION

LITHOLOGY

LITHO.SAMPLEa:

METERSQ<CSECTION

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION

ZONE

AGE

F 1SSI L
CH/> RAC PER

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1<z

DEFORMATION

LITH0L0GY

LITHO.SAMPLEoo

METERSZONEAGE

F 1SSI I
CHA RAC TERSECTION

1

Site 217

LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTIONVOIDInterbedded
Claystone, Chert and Dolomite
white veins separate dolomitefrom chert - made o f SiO 2-102
A A A AA

No c/cS.S. DOLOMITE RICH CLAY
Clay aggregates
Dolomite
PyriteFeldspar(?)

67%
30%
1%
2%

probable mud crack observed i nclaystone a t top of section

Explanatory notes in Chapter 1

Lithologies shown1) claystone-grayish o l i v e green (5GY3/2)
2) d o l o m i t e - l i g h t o l i v e gray (5Y6/1)

Explanatory notes in Chapter 1

SITE 217

217-1-1

217-1-2

217-1-3

217-1-4

217-1-5

217-1-6
297

SITE 217

217-2-1
298

217-2-2

217-2-3

217-2-4

217-3-1

217-3-2

SITE 217

217-4-1

217-4-2

217-4-3

217-4-4

217-4-5

217-4-6
299

SITE 217

217-5-1300

217-6-1

217-6-2

217-6-3

217-6-4

217-6-5

SITE 217

217-6-6

217-7-l

217-7-2

-7-3
217-7

217-7-4

217-7-5
301

SITE 217

217-7-6
302

217-8-1

217-8-2

217-8-3

217-8-4

217-8-5

SITE 217

217-8-6

217-9-1

217-9-2

217-9-3

217-9-4

217-9-5
303

SITE 217

217-9-6304

217-10-1

217-10-2

217-10-3

217-10-4

217-10-5

SITE 217

217-10-6

217-12-1

217-13-1

217-14-1

217-14-2

217-14-3
305

SITE 217

217-14-4306

217-14-5

217-15-1

217-15-2

217-16-1

217-16-2

SITE 217

217-16-3

217-16-4

217-16-5

217-16-6

217-17-1

217-17-2

307

SITE 217

217-17-3
308

217-17-4

217-18-1

217-18-2

217-18-3

217-19-1

SITE 217

M7-1Q-?

217-19-3

217-19-4

217-20-1

217-20-2

217-20-3309

SITE 217

217-20-4
310

217-21-1

217-21-2

217-21-3

217-21-4

217-21-5

SITE 217

0 cm

— 25

— 50

75

100

125

150

217-22-1

217-22-2

217-22-3

217-23-1

217-23-2

217-23-3
311

SITE 217

150

312

217-23-4

217-23-5

217-24-1

217-24-2

217-24-3

217-24-4

SITE 217

217-24-5

217-24-6

217-25-1

217-25-2

217-25-3

217-25-4
313

SITE 217

0 cm

25

50

75

—100

125

150

217-25-5314

217-26-1

217-26-2

217-26-3

217-26-4

217-26-5

SITE 217

217-27-1

217-27-2

217-27-3

217-28-1

217-28-2

217-28-3
315

SITE 217

217-28-4
316

217-28-5

217-28-6

217-29-1

217-29-2

217-29-3

SITE 217

Ocm

25

50

75

100

—125

150

217-29-4

217-30-1

217-30-2

217-30-3

217-31-1

217-31-2
317

SITE 217

217-32-1
318

217-32-2

217-32-3

217-33-1

217-33-2

217-33-3

SITE 217

0 cm

— 25

50

75

100

125

150

217-34-1

217-36-1

217-36-4

217-37-1
319

SITE 217

0 cm

25

I—50

75

100

I—125

150
217A-1-1
320

217A-1-2

217A-1-3

217A-1-4

217A-2-1

217A-2-2

SITE 217

217A-2-3

217A-2-4

217A-2-5

217A-3-1

217A-3-2

217A-3-3
321

SITE 217

217A-3-4
322

217A-4-1

217A-4-2

217A-4-3

217A-4-4

217A-12-1

SITE 217

217A-12-2

217A-13-1

217A-14-1

217A-14-2

217A-15-1

217A-16-1
323

SITE 217

0 cm

50

—100

—125

150
217A-17-1
324