RESOURCE MATERIAL SERIES No. 57

CURRENT ISSUES IN CORRECTIONAL TREATMENT AND
EFFECTIVE COUNTERMEASURES
Gunaratne Kuruppu*
The Department of Prisons in Sri Lanka
which comes under the Ministry of Justice,
Constitutional Affairs, Ethnic Affairs andNational Integration has for many years
been committed to a correctional policy,
where the ultimate objective is torehabilitate and reform convicted offenders
and reintegrate them to society mobilisingcommunity support. Many progressive
measures have been adopted to achieve thisobjective.
In Sri Lanka we have 3 Closed Prisons,2 Open Prison Camps, 6 Work Camps, 2
C o r r e c t i o n a l C e n t r e s f o r Yo u t h f u lOffenders, 14 Remand Prisons and 28
Prison Lock-Ups. All our closed prisons forconvicted offenders have been built over
100 years ago by the British at a time
where the country’s population was about
3 million. The story is almost the same
about remand prisons. Imprisonment isdone at both ends of the criminal justiceprocess. Persons suspected of committing
crime are imprisoned soon after arrest as
remand prisoners, at one end and persons
found guilty are imprisoned at the otherend.
The following statistics show that large
numbers are kept in remand custody.
Hence, it will be seen that no proper
rehabilitation programmes could be
implemented to this type of persons, andthe problems faced by the prison
administration. The problem is not only
keeping them, feeding them, looking after
their health but also producing thousandsof them in courts daily travelling hundreds*

Superintendent of Prisons, Welikada Prison,
Colombo, Department of Prisons, Sri Lanka

352

of miles.
See Table I (Annexed)
Admissions of Unconvicted 1991-1995
See Table II (Annexed)
Admissions of Convicted
1991-1995
A peculiar situation with Sri Lankan
prisons is that the number of unconvictedprisoners far exceeds that of the convicted.
Many factors have contributed to theincrease in crime and the overcrowding ofprisons. It is also a fact that there is very
little that the Department of Prisons can
do to ease the situation. The overcrowdingof the population in urban areas and thescarcity of employment creates a tendency
to resort to evil ways of living. The
commonest among such acts are petty
thefts, pick pocketing, selling of narcotic
drugs and prostitution amongst females.
Other factors too have their contribution
to the overcrowding of prisons. The school
dropouts who have had little or no
vocational training have become more orless a burden to their parents, who are of
the lower middle income groups,
frustration and unrest among the youth
tends to create in them a tendency to form
into gangs and commit violent crimes.
Hence it is seen that the causes attributed
to the increasing rate of crime and theovercrowding of prisons are mainly due tosocio-economic conditions andenvironmental factors prevailing in Sri
Lanka. The effects of overcrowding are felt
not only in the area of space but disciplineand control, hygiene and effective
treatment programmes.

115TH INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COURSEPARTICIPANTS’ PAPERS
Institutional Treatment
The Department of Prisons provides
institutional treatment, preliminarily, forconvicted prisoners classified andcategorised under first offenders, reconvicted and recidivist reconvictedprisoners.

visits are not supervised by prison officers.
Inmates are encouraged to build good
relationships with those in the freecommunity, and at the same timeencouraging them to participate incommunity projects on an entirely
voluntary basis.

Closed Prisons
These prisons are meant to be forconvicted prisoners, but due to severe
overcrowding of unconvicted prisoners inremand prisons, unconvicted prisoners areoften located in closed prisons too. These
prisons can be classified as low, medium
security institutions.

Work Release Centre
This centre consists of short-term
prisoners living and working by themselves
on a Coconut Estate in “Open” conditions.
The inmates are supervised by a residential
retired prison officer.

Work Camps
These camps are open institutions withno boundary walls. First offenders
sentenced to terms of imprisonment up to
two years and below are transferred tothese work camps, the concept being thata large number of first offenders withcomparatively short prison terms will be
kept away from contamination with hardcore criminals who remain in closed
prisons. The prisoners located in the camp
work under minimum-security conditions
and these conditions are very much similar
to any other collective farms in thecommunity.
Open Prison Camps
The first camp was established in 1951
in the Central Province of Sri Lanka.
Prisoners located in this camp are selectedprisoners with good conduct, who would
have served one-fourth of their sentence
and with at least two years more to serve.
Here the emphasis is to accustom theinmate to conditions and circumstances
available in the community to which hewould return. Hence, he is given enhanced
freedom and responsibilities, and theprinciple guiding custody is trust. Unlike
visits to prisoners in a prison, families areencouraged to meet inmates often and such

Correctional Centre for Youth
OffendersThis centre consists of youth offenders.
Offenders with pending cases and longterms of imprisonment are located in awalled section of the centre and others in
an “open” section.
Training School for Youthful
Offenders [Borstal]Boys between the ages of 16 and 22 whoare found eligible by courts are sent to thiscentre for maximum terms of 3 years.
Unlike prisoners, these boys are notentitled to remission of sentences, but are
eligible for release on licence after one year.
There is only one training school in thewhole of Sri Lanka.
Remand Prisons
Persons awaiting trial or unconvictedprisoners are located in these prisons andconvicted prisoners with short terms arealso located in these prisons, and convictedprisoners with short terms to attend to jailservices including work in the preparationof food.
Prisoners Involved in Organized Crime
Prisoners who are admitted to prisons
are also classified as organized crime
offenders or hard core on the basis ofreports forwarded by the police. On

353

RESOURCE MATERIAL SERIES No. 57
admission to prison, the police furnish areport on the previous history, modus
operandi and the nature of crimecommitted by the offender. If there are
more than two prisoners in the same case,they are not located in one prison but arelocated in different prisons to prevent close
contacts with each other. They aresegregated from normal prisoners and theircustody is under close supervision andspecial security. As there are no maximumsecurity prisons in Sri Lanka to locate thesetypes of prisoners, special sections havebeen constructed within some of the large
closed prisons for their location. The
location therefore of this category ofprisoners is under maximum-security
conditions.
Prisoners Admitted to Prisons from
Foreign Countries
The offences committed by these foreign
nationals are mainly drug related.
Communicating with these offenders have
posed a serious problem to prison staff asmany of them are unable to speak, read
and write English. With difference inreligion, customs, culture, climate
conditions and food, these offenders
languish in prison custody in virtually selfimposed isolation. These prisoners do not
have, understandably, regular visits. Visits
generally are from the respective
Embassies or Consular Offices.
Vocational Training in Prisons of Sri
Lanka
Every convicted prisoner sentenced torigorous imprisonment is required to work
for approximately eight hours a day. Thisrequirement is met both in the form of
vocational training in industries as well as
on job training in prison workshops. The
dual objective is to train the offenders inorder to enable them to find suitable
employment upon release from prison
custody as well as to utilise their services
for the benefit of the State. The whole354

range of trades that are available in thefree community are made available within
prisons, viz. carpentry, tailoring, laundry,
motor mechanism, printing, bread making,weaving, knitting, masonry, soap making,mat making, brush making, polishing, tatmaking and the manufacture of coir goods.
The prisoners are paid wages according toa grading scheme depending on their skill
and training.
Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
In the prison work camps for short-term
and medium-term offenders and in the
open prison camp for long-term offenders,training is largely in the fields ofagriculture and animal husbandry.
Education, Recreation and Religious
Activities
The Department of Education conducts
adult education classes for the benefit ofprisoners. In some of the institutions,
volunteers too help the department in theseeducational programmes. Facilities arealso provided for the prisoners to sit public
examinations.
Prisoners are also encouraged to takepart in both indoor and outdoor
recreational activities. Facilities areprovided for scouting, wrestling andboxing.
After ceasing labour, facilities areprovided for offenders to follow religious
activities in keeping with their faiths. All
prisons, work camps, open prison camps
and training schools have places of worshipsuch as shrine rooms, chapels, andmosques within the premises and prisoners
are allowed unrestricted access to theseplaces. On important religious occasions,prisoners in open prisons and work camps
are permitted to participate at functionsorganized by the members of thecommunity. Prisoners are allowed to sit
religious examinations, if they so desire,115TH INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COURSEPARTICIPANTS’ PAPERS
after following classes held in theinstitutions.
Female Prisoners
Female prisoners constitute a very small
population of the total number of prisoners.
In each closed prison there is a separate
section to locate convicted and unconvicted
females. The largest number of female
prisoners are convicted for prostitution,
excise offences, trafficking drugs and petty
thefts. The majority of the women in prison
are between 22 to 40 years old, and theireducational level is low. Although women
who are imprisoned are permitted to bring
their infants to prison with them, thebigger children face the threat of being
neglected and left uncared for andforgotten. Hence some of the females bringchildren up to five years. The Departmentof Prisons in collaboration with the
Prisoners’ Welfare Association havestarted a pre-school in the female sectionof Welikada Prison, Colombo where ateacher is employed by the Education
Department.
The convicted female prisoners are given
training in various vocations such as
tailoring, knitting, weaving and cookery.
Convicted Drug Offenders
Sri Lanka is one of the developing
countries afflicted with the plague of drug
abuse. Severe health, social, and economic
problems are emerging associated with theabuse of drugs. Statistics have revealed
that heroin dependence is commonest
amongst the youth. It is also turning law
abiding young people into criminals.
Property crimes have increased in recent
years as a result of drug addicts committing
theft and burglaries, in order to find money
to purchase drugs to satisfy a craving needwhich surpass all other needs.
From the statistics shown below it isseen, that there has been a steady riseannually in the number of prisoners who
are admitted to penal institutions for drug
related offences. The percentage being over
40% of the total number of admissions ofconvicted prisoners.
See Table III [Annexed]
Table 1 shows the direct admission ofconvicted prisoners according to thehighest number of offences.
A remarkable indication is that narcotic
drug offences have moved to the top of thetable of offences. With the influx of thislarge number of drug offenders, theDepartment of Prisons is now confronted
with a host of new problems hitherto notexperienced in our penal institutions.
The following are some of the problems.
i) It is necessary to keep the drug
abusers separated from the othercategory of offenders for the abusers’
own welfare and that of the others.
However, due to the inevitableovercrowding the prisons have to facewith the admission of drug abusers
in large numbers, it is not possible tokeep them separated in overcrowded
institutions, thus there is a great
possibility of their mixing with others
and promoting the habit of drugs
amongst others.
ii) A number of prison officers have been
subjected to harassment, threats andbodily harm for detecting drugtraffickers and users inside theprisons.
iii) By locating drug offenders and otherinmates including the hard core in
the same prison, the possibility ofplanning organized crimes and drug
offenders getting involved in thesecrimes has been observed.
iv) Instances of officers supplying drugs
into prisons have been detected and355

RESOURCE MATERIAL SERIES No. 57
this has caused a lot of fresh
administrative problems.
v) Also cases have been detected where
the prisoners are involved in the saleof drugs inside the prisons, andsometimes it is also observed that due
to severe competition amongst
themselves, gang warfare andvarious violent incidents take place.

Anyhow considering the importance ofthe programme the department has taken
meaningful steps in setting up twotreatments centres at Navodawa,
Pallekelle and Taldena. The World HealthOrganization through the National
Dangerous Drugs Control Board has
donated a sum of Rs.760,000 for the
implementation of the programme.

The Department of Prisons which has
experienced a very large intake of convicted
drug offenders in recent years hasorganized rehabilitation, therapeutic andeducational programmes in various penal
institutions. These programmes are
spearheaded by prison officers trained in
the rehabilitation of drug offenders. With
the kind assistance of the National
Dangerous Drugs Control Board, 1451
officers of all grades were trained. Twentythree officers with special aptitudes were
given intensive training in counseling by
the University of Colombo.

Those convicted for using drugs such asheroin, opium, hashish and other types ofdangerous drugs are admitted to thecentres, after the detoxification period iscompleted.

They actively participate in all
programmes in their respective institutions
and prevent drugs and unauthorised
substances coming into the institutions.
In implementing these programmes thegreatest obstacle the Department is facingis the severe overcrowding in penal
institutions. Prison overcrowding prevents
the effective implementation of the United
Nations Standard Minimum Rules for thetreatment of prisoners which require theseparation of prisoners taking into accountsuch factors as sex, age, criminal record,
legal reason for detention and treatment
needs. Overcrowding also prevents theclassification and segregation of certain
offenders from others, the young with theold, unconvicted with the convicted, thehardened criminals with the not sohardened, thus the not so hardened leaveprison as hard-core criminals.

356

They are also produced before themedical officer regularly to undergo
medical observation for drug withdrawal
symptoms and treatment. On admission
they participate in the admission
orientation programme conducted by
Prison Welfare Officers where an intensive
briefing is given to the inmates of theobjectives of the centre, the evils of drug
abuse, code of discipline that they shouldobserve and the facilities available to them.
They are encouraged to discuss theirproblem in a group or individually. They
are also subjected to intensive counselingand encouraged to participate in religious
activities including meditation. They are
permitted to have visits and correspondwith relatives.
A letter is sent to the member of theirfamilies by the Commissioner General of
Prisons explaining the programme andtheir responsibility towards therehabilitation of the addict. Where theneed arises family reconciliation is done
and family relationships strengthened
keeping in mind that the family is the mostimportant factor in the reintegration of adrug offender into society.
Literary programmes are conducted at
the centres and inmates encouraged to115TH INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COURSEPARTICIPANTS’ PAPERS
make use of the library and inculcate
reading habits and write articles to our“Sannivedana” paper.
Inmates are detailed to work on
agricultural projects and some are selected
for vocational training according to theirneeds. The programmes are organized inconsultation with the vocational training
authority so that inmates could receive a
certificate of competence on completion of
the course. They are motivated tophysically exercise, lift weights andparticipate in sports activities.
In addition the following programmes
are initiated:i)Counseling.
ii) Regular film and video shows.
iii) Lectures in the fields of religion,
health, education, sports,
community development, crime
prevention and drug rehabilitation.
iv) Dramas.
v) Literary association meetings ofinmates.
vi) Family awareness meetings andcrisis intervention programmes.
Action is also taken to prepare social
reports by Prison Welfare Officers to enable
them to be sent on home leave, normal
release and premature release underconditions [Licence Scheme or Parole].
Inmates are assisted to return to society
to lead a normal and productive life
harnessing the support of volunteers,
members of the Prisoners’ Welfare
Association, Social Workers, Prison Welfare
Officers and organisations like the
Sarvodaya, Lions, Leos and Rotarians who
do follow up work.
Effective Countermeasures
The Government of Sri Lanka, being
conscious of the illicit drug problem

especially in relation to heroin andcannabis and its far reaching anddestructive socio-economic implications, isdetermined to combat the problem bydeveloping effective strategies based on:a. Enforcement(i) Building - up intelligence on
trafficking, effectuatinginterdiction at all points of entry
and strengthening operational
capabilities of all enforcement
agencies and personnel.
(ii) Extend scope of existing legislation
to deal effectively not only withcarriers but more importantly withtraffickers and financiers withmaximum penalties anddeprivation of proceeds of theircrimes.
(iii) Taking necessary steps to (a)expedite the hearing of drug cases,(b) establish standard proceduresfor the safe handling anddestruction of court productions ofdrugs.
(iv) S t r e s s i n g a l t e r n a t i v e s t oimprisonment such as treatment
and rehabilitation programmes for
dependents wherever appropriate.
(v) Supporting international efforts tocurb the production, transiting andtrafficking of drugs.
(vi) Entering into treaties with othercountries to cover exchange ofprisoners, mutual legal assistance,
extradition and controlled delivery.
b. Preventive Education and Public
Awareness
Sri Lanka is taking effective steps in theimplementation of the 1988 UN
Convention. Action is taken to forfeit
vehicles and other methods of transport ofdangerous drugs.
In 1997, a training programme wasorganized in Sri Lanka on controlled

357

RESOURCE MATERIAL SERIES No. 57
delivery by the United Kingdom Customs
and excise officials, several foreign
participants in the Asian countries
participated.
Alternatives to Imprisonment andEffective Countermeasures Taken to
Reduce the Prison Population
The following are some of the techniques
used.

an offender on whom a sentence ofimprisonment not exceeding two years may
be imposed, the periods of suspension being
not less than five years. If a subsequent
offence is committed during the operational
period of suspension, the offender is liable
to serve the suspended sentence. Where
no offence is committed during theoperational period the suspended sentence
is deemed never to have been imposed.

a. Probation
Probation as a method of treatment was
first introduced in Sri Lanka with thepromulgation of the Probation Offenders
Ordinance No. 42 of 1944.

c. Community Service Orders
The provisions relating to Community
Service Orders are contained in the Codeof Criminal Procedure [Act No. 15 of 1979
amended by Act No. 49 of 1985].

The Probation Service which was abranch of the Prison Department until
1956 was established as a new department
called the Department of Probation andChild Care Services, under the Ministry ofSocial Services.

Community Service Orders enable a
court to direct an offender to perform
community service in lieu of sentencing
him to imprisonment and was first
introduced to the Laws of Sri Lanka in
1974. In 1985 the provisions relating tocommunity service were amended for wider
utilisation and further amended asCommunity Based Correctional Act No. 46
of 1999.

This department now consists of the field
services manned by 130 trained probation
officers. Increasing use of probation officers
has been made every year and the service
is making a definite contribution in the
rehabilitation of offenders. The percentage
of success in rehabilitation has been in theneighbourhood of 82 percent. The majority
of offenders who have been placed on
probation would have otherwise been sent
to prison and this ensures therehabilitation of the offender in his
environment and in the community.
Furthermore, probation saves money for
the State and also prevents congestion in
the prisons.
b. Suspended Sentence of Imprisonment
Suspended sentences of imprisonment
were introduced into the Law of Sri Lanka
in 1972. These are generally imposed
where a court decides that an offence isserious enough to justify a short term of
imprisonment. They may be imposed on

358

This act was certified on 10 December
1999 by the Parliament of the Democratic
Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. A presentence report is furnished to the court
including the following:i)ii)

The age of the offender;
The social history and backgroundof the offender [including the names
and ages of the persons who aredependant on the offender];iii) The medical and psychiatric historyof the offender;iv) The educational background of theoffender;v) The employment history of theoffender;vi) Any other offences of which theoffender has been found guilty or
for which he or she is charged or115TH INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COURSEPARTICIPANTS’ PAPERS
indicted;vii) The extent to which the offender
has complied with any earlier
sentence or is complying with any
sentence currently in respect of him
or her;viii) The financial circumstances of theoffender;ix) Any special needs of the offender;x) The employment history of theoffender’s spouse and the income
earned by him or her;xi) T h e c o u r s e s , p r o g r a m m e s ,treatment or other assistance that
could be made available to theoffender and from which he or she
may benefit;xii) The facilities available for the
performance of unpaid community
work.

have served five years of their sentence[whatever the aggregate term] provided
they have served at least one year in an
open prison camp becomes eligible forrelease on licence.

No Community Based Correction Ordershall be entered into respect of an offender,
unless the offender consents in writing, inthe prescribed form to the entering of suchan order.

Up to date 17,943 prisoners have beenreleased on licence in Sri Lanka since theinception of this scheme. Of this number,
701 have successfully completed the periodof their supervision. Only 36 prisoners
have violated their conditions of releaseand have had their licence revoked.

In terms of the present law the court
specifies the place in which the community
service is to be performed and the numberof hours and the period within which it is
to be performed. Such orders may be varied
to suit altered circumstances or revoked fornon compliance in which case an offender
will be liable to another penalty.
d. Release of Prisoners on Licence[Parole]A scheme for release on licence wasintroduced in 1970 for the benefit of longterm prisoners. Due to the low rate ofviolations this scheme has been reviewed
on two occasions and at present extended
to all prisoners sentenced to four years ormore who have completed half theirsentence, and all prisoners who have
served six years of their sentence [whatever
the aggregate term], and all prisoners who

A social report comprised of theantecedents of the offender, some detailsof the offence, vocational and other training
he had in prisons, information regarding
his prospects for employment and a planfor his rehabilitation in the community is
prepared by prison welfare officers andsubmitted to the licence board. At every
licence board hearing, the offender ispresent and if for any reason he is notgranted release on licence he is informedof the facts so that he could adjust himself
and look forward to being present at
another hearing.

e. Other Re-Integration Programmes
Home Leave
The privilege of home leave for long term
prisoners up to a period of 7 days at a time
was introduced in Sri Lanka in 1974. The
purpose is to help the offender to maintainhis relationships with the members of his
family and that of the community, also it
will facilitate him to re-establish his
contacts in the area to which he will return.
The prisoner will also be afforded theopportunity to interview prospective
employers and assist him to be reintroduced back to the community to which
he will return.
I have given you an account of what wetry to achieve in our attempts torehabilitate the criminal offender. We, in

359

RESOURCE MATERIAL SERIES No. 57
Sri Lanka, can be proud that all the known
techniques that are in use throughout theworld are being tried out successfully in
our penal institutions.

360

-

Battcaloa Prison

Total

59,295-

Kalutara Remand Prison

M

0

1,687

443

0

5,569

1,658

1,120

3,411

0

4,348

3,190

0

5,819

2,842

5,965

664

131

2,133

630

-

5,203

1,888

1,394

3,128

-

4,929

3,303

-

4,134

3,997

6,069

976

9,896 10,191

F-Female

T
M

976

131

2,133

677

0

5,781

1,987

1,394

3,408

0

5,189

3,400

0

4,821

3,997

6,069

370

190

1,999

665

0

4,532

2,145

1,963

3,600

-

4,030

3,138

-

3,767

3,176

6,900

T-Total4,311 66,456 61,051

-

-

47

0

578

99

-

280

-

260

97

-

687

-

-

-

- 10,191 10,419

2,263 16,302 14,157

F

1992
T
M

370

190

1,999

717

0

5,072

2,250

1,963

3,942

0

4,324

3,265

0

4,371

3,176

6,900

276

1,529

598

-

4,385

1,906

2,187

3,474

999

3,204

3,562

-

6,959

243

6,769

193

9,126

4,295 65,346 59,736

-

-

52

-

540

105

-

342

-

294

127

-

604

-

-

-

- 10,419

2,231 16,388 14,326

F

1993

See original report because these numbers do not match the original one.

M-Male3,870 63,165 62,145

-

-

32

411

-

-

1,687

416

5,153

Negombo Prison

Watupitiwala T.S.Y.O.

Trincoamlee Remand Prison

-

70

1,120

1,588

Matara Prison

Tangalle Remand Prison

Kegalle Remand Prison

317

3,094

-

210

90

3,100

4,138

-

Anuradhapura Prison

Galle Prison

-

691

-

Badulla Prison

Jaffna Prison

2,842

5,128

Bahgambara Prison

Kandy Remand Prison

-

-

664

5,965

-

New Magzie Prison

T2,044 16,553 14,039

F

1991

9,896

14,509M

Mahara Prison

Colombo Remand Prison

Welikada

Institution

TABLE 1

T
M

276

1,529

649

0

4,726

1,978

2,187

3,803

1,080

3,346

3,666

0

7,529

243

6,769

193

3,658

1,824

777

-

4,940

2,347

2,212

4,103

1,096

3,289

4,518

-

6,335

1,730

6,862

82

9,126 10,919

3,557 63,293 66,201

-

-

51

-

341

72

-

329

81

142

104

-

570

-

-

-

-

1,867 16,193 11,509

F

1994

DIRECT ADMISSIONS OF UNCONVICTED PRISONERS BY INSTITUTION, 1991-1995[ANNEXURE I]

T

82

3,658

1,824

855

0

5,333

2,442

2,212

4,499

1,166

3,441

4,809

0

7,203

1,730

6,862

4,918 71,119

-

-

78

-

393

95

-

396

70

152

291

-

868

-

-

-

- 10,919

2,575 14,084

F

1995

115TH INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COURSEPARTICIPANTS’ PAPERS

361

362

Welikada-

Battcaloa Prison

18,008-

Total

Kalutara Remand Prison
0

722

67

27

1,278

315

195

710

0

767

546

0

162

2,219

0

0

0

-

639

171

39

1,065

235

258

598

-

982

1,060

-

-

2,608

-

-

-

9,791

M

M-MaleF-Female

T
M

0

639

184

39

1,238

239

258

630

0

1,004

1,096

0

149

2,608

0

0

0

-

384

286

71

585

219

367

766

-

839

945

-

-

2,221

-

-

-

805 18,251 17,865

-

-

13

-

173

4

-

32

-

22

36

-

149

-

-

-

-

376 10,167 11,182

F

T-Total1,011 19,019 17,446

-

-

10

57

-

27

722

192

1,086

Negombo Prison

Watupitiwala T.S.Y.O.

Trincoamlee Remand Prison

-

20

195

295

Matara Prison

Tangalle Remand Prison

Kegalle Remand Prison

60

-

19

5

-

650

Galle Prison

748

Badulla Prison

-

-

541

-

Jaffna Prison

162

2,219

Bahgambara Prison

Kandy Remand Prison

-

-

-

-

New Magzie Prison-

Anuradhapura PrisonT543 12,011

F-

11,468M

Mahara Prison

Colombo Remand Prison

TABLE II

T

0

384

305

71

702

225

367

818

0

868

987

0

104

2,221

0

0

0

6

220

248

83

694

462

334

710

132

637

907

-

-

2,324

-

-

-

8,771

M

779 18,644 15,528

-

-

19

-

117

6

-

52

-

29

42

-

104

-

-

-

-

410 11,592

F

6

220

266

83

811

464

334

752

142

659

935

0

79

2,324

0

0

0

9,166

T

610

309

257

46

514

361

328

608

138

442

1,267

-

-

2,326

-

-

-

8,164

M

713 16,241 15,370

-

-

18

-

117

2

-

42

10

22

28

-

79

-

-

-

-

395

F

DIRECT ADMISSION OF CONVICTED PRISONERS BY INSTITUTION, 1991-1995[ANNEXURE II]

610

309

279

46

575

370

328

635

144

450

1,321

0

108

2,326

0

0

0

8,392

T

523 15,893

-

-

22

-

61

9

-

27

6

8

54

-

108

-

-

-

-

228

F

RESOURCE MATERIAL SERIES No. 57

TABLE III

176
136
178
117
116
103
1,725

Looting

Viewing Blue Films

Simple Assult

Cheating

Acceptance or Retention of Stolen Property

Maintenance

Other Offences
2,772

166

161

163

244

-

309

331

1,080

2,248

6,654

1990

3,227

204

295

125

165

75

259

164

1,140

5,723

7,642

1991

8,014 14,128 19,019

244

Appearing in Public Places Drunk

Total

853

1,275

Excise Offences

Theft

3,091

Narcotic Drug Offences

1989

3,687

262

421

159

253

74

358

435

1,466

4,873

6,656

1993

3,462

272

387

154

262

10

308

340

1,384

4,002

5,660

1994

18,251 18,644 16,241

3,917

163

492

140

253

74

267

457

1,645

4,928

5,915

1992

2,806

361

529

155

223

1

351

334

1,008

4,652

7,349

1996

15,893 17,769

3,336

338

379

139

255

30

342

355

1,376

4,162

5,181

1995

4,135

415

643

143

372

14

380

440

1,127

4,932

8,199

1998

18,143 20,800

3,519

472

463

124

243

3

256

360

758

4,806

7,139

1997

TOTAL NUMBER OF CONVICTED PRISONERS FOR DRUG RELATED OFFENCES, 1989-1998[ANNEXURE III]

115TH INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COURSEPARTICIPANTS’ PAPERS

363