GROUP 2

EFFECTIVE PREVENTION AND ENHANCEMENT OF TREATMENTFOR SEXUAL OFFENDERS
Chairman
Co-Chairperson
Rapporteur
Co-Rapporteur
Members

Mr. Lam Kwok Leung
Mr. Motoki Horiuchi
Ms. Junie Agatha Ruddy
Mr. Marlon Evandale Allen
Ms. Silvia Anabel Blanchet Zamit
Mr. Fofana Naby Laye
Mr. Kazuya Nagao
Mr. Kenji Yoshimura(Hong Kong)(Japan)(Antigua and Barbuda)(Belize)(Uruguay)(Guinea)(Japan)(Japan)Visiting Expert

Mr. David Middleton(UK)

Advisers

Prof. Tae Sugiyama
Deputy Director Keisuke Senta
Prof. Koji YamadaProf. Satoko Ikeda(UNAFEI)(UNAFEI)(UNAFEI)(UNAFEI)

I. INTRODUCTION
With the increased prevalence of sexual crimes in our countries, it has become important for society tolook at positive ways to re-integrate the sexual offenders back into their families and various communities.
We the members of Group 2 have been charged with the task of looking at the “Preventive Measures andCommunity Based Treatment Programmes”, with special emphasis on “community-based treatment
programmes and supervision – preventive measures and inter-agency co-operation” in identifying current
problems and challenges faced by each country/jurisdiction and their practices concerning prevention ofsexual offences, punishment and treatment for sexual offenders.

II. CURRENT SITUATION
A. The Current Sexual Offences and the Legal Framework of Punishment and Treatment (SeeAppendix)
Although reported sex crime in Antigua and Barbuda showed a significant reduction between 2000 and2004 and the successful prosecution rate was very low, it is believed that the figures are under reported asthey have seen a marked increase in unlawful carnal knowledge cases as reflected by the number ofprisoners detained in 2005, nineteen compared to six each for 2003 and 2004. In Barbuda, due to its isolationand the uniqueness of the community where almost everyone is related, it affects the reporting of incest
cases. Sentencing options for sex offences range from a minimum of five years to life imprisonment.
In Belize, the sex crime situation is stable, however recently they have seen an increase in child abuse(molestation cases) and carnal knowledge cases. It is now becoming alarming as police and court reports areshowing that sexual offending is on the increase.
Sentencing options range from a minimum of three years to life imprisonment. Presently there is an
ongoing debate on the matter of the reintroduction and implementation of capital punishment as compared to
implementation of rehabilitative efforts to address the escalation of criminal situations, for example childsexual abuse cases.
In Guinea, although the laws are in place to govern sex crimes, there is no formal application as many
incidents go unreported. Sentences for sex offences range from a minimum three year term to a maximumof 20 years of imprisonment, however capital punishment may be applicable when death occurs.
Hong Kong has seen an increase in the reports of sexual crimes. In 2005 there were 99 rapes and 1136
indecent assault cases; this was a 7.6% and 9.9% increase respectively over the previous years (2004)

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reports. Police reports indicate that there is one violent sex case taking place every seven hours. Between
2000 and 2005 the sex crime situation was stable. The majority of the offenders are between the ages of 1825 (36%). Hong Kong has several laws aimed at providing protection to victims against sexual abuse. The
Crimes Ordinance, Cap 200, Laws of Hong Kong is the most prominent of all. This law has been amended to
fit the maximum imprisonment term to the gravity of the offences committed. For example the maximum
penalty for incest went from seven to 20 years and indecent assault toward a child under 16 was increased
from five to 10 years. The maximum term for rape and buggery is life imprisonment. Treatment forincarcerated sex offenders is offered along with that of the general population; however they are housed
singly in order to prevent ill treatment by other inmates.
Sex crime in Japan, in particular rape and indecent assault, is on the rise presumably due to a change invictims’ attitudes towards making police reports. Treatment programmes for sex offenders were launched toaddress the issue (2006). Penalties for sex crimes range from fines, six months, three years in other cases tolife imprisonment for grave offences such a rape with dangerous and deadly means of harm to murder.
In Uruguay, the sex crime situation is stable; however, the prosecution rate is low due to difficulties ininvestigation. Sentencing options for sex crimes range from six months minimum or up to 30 years for those
who cause death to victims.
All countries/jurisdictions have parole, probation, a combination of both, suspended sentence, and undersome circumstances there is a balance between a prison term and payment of fines. Some countries havemaintained capital punishment on the law books, in Belize, however, due to human rights legislation, it is nolonger practiced
Henry and McMahon (2000) found that 91% of cases of child sexual abuse had gone unreported, andKilpatrick (1996) showed that 56% of women who were sexually assaulted as adults failed to report thecrime.

B. Preventive Measures and Treatment Programmes for Sex Offenders
In the case of Antigua and Barbuda there are no specific treatment programmes in place for sex
offenders, some counselling is offered in prison, however, this is not mandatory. In terms of preventive
measures there are basically two programmes offered in schools with regards to sex; one is “Health andSexual Education” and the other “Physical Education”. The effectiveness of these programmes however
appears to be questionable, as the one is seen as a “How not to get Pregnant” programme, and the otherabout winning and losing in the sporting arena.
In Belize there is no treatment programme, although it was stated that a programme that would address
both the psychiatric and clinical approach is needed. Prevention methods vary from amended legislation withstiffer penalties, social and situational crime prevention initiatives to education and the enactment of
rehabilitation. They, however, boast a hotline for reports on criminal activities.
Guinea’s prevention is associated with amended laws, education and the practice of social and situational
crime prevention initiatives and there are no treatment programmes in place for sexual offenders.
Hong Kong has custodial care treatment and their best practice approach in their institution is to try toeradicate labelling of offenders in the general population. Appropriate assistance is directed towards
rehabilitation. Separate therapy units are available to treat and isolate offenders by their typologies.
Psychological therapy and working groups are available to address areas of deviant behaviour to prevent reoffending, including cognitive behaviour therapy and treatment evaluation programme development.
Evidence based assessment tools are available; however there is need for interdisciplinary collaboration andcommunity participation in rehabilitation and public awareness education. They too have a hotline and maildrop box for information on criminal activities.
Japan has had many initiatives in place over a period of time, not necessarily targeting sexual offenders;
however certain aspects of these programmes along with other improvements are being instituted for theeffective treatment of sexual offenders (2006). In terms of preventive measures, they have an army of(approximately 50,000) Volunteer Probation Officers, who have been assisting Probation Officers in their148

133RD INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COURSEREPORTS OF THE COURSE

role by interacting with the probationers/parolees on a regular basis.
Japan has several treatment facilities for offenders, these include Juvenile Training Schools andClassification Centres, where assessments are carried out and vocational training is provided.
Behavioural/Cognitive therapy is also offered in a group setting. Role-playing and role-lettering from theoffender to the victim is another tactic that is utilized to reach through to the offender.
Prisons provide the police with information about sexual offenders including their new address. The
police periodically check the sex offenders’ residence, and Japanese police departments address publicawareness campaigns on how to protect themselves from attacks, also programmes geared at pre-school andschool age children teach them of the dangers of abduction. In some areas they have a neighbourhood watch
system.
In Uruguay their social and situational crime prevention initiatives, legislative reform, police intervention
and cooperation with NGO’S and international organizations provides their basis for preventive measures,
however there is minimal treatment in the form of a psychological approach in prison.
It was agreed that although preventive measures are in place for all participating countries/jurisdictions
they are neither sufficient, nor for the most part, effective. It was also agreed that information on sex
offenders should be kept by law enforcement agencies. Legislation would have to be reformed in order toallow sharing of information among relevant agencies and for supervision and follow-up treatment ofoffenders.

III. CURRENT PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES FACED BY EACH COUNTRY/JURISDICTION
A. Prevention and Punishment of Sexual Offences
There is a proliferation of sex information in all countries, and the sex crime situation is grossly underestimated. There is a very low prosecution rate, which could be blamed on difficulties in investigations andjudicial procedures. Many sex crimes go unreported due to low public awareness, inadequate victim
protection (victims are afraid of stigmatization, as well as further assaults). There is ineffective information
sharing among law enforcement bodies
B. Institutional Treatment for Sexual Offenders
Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Guinea have no institutional based programmes for sexual offenders,
however Uruguay has a minimal inter-institutional programme which offers psychiatric treatment for thementally ill, and also addresses the psychological and physical aspects of the offender.
Hong Kong implemented its institutional based treatment programmes in 1998 for all adult sex offenders
which provides thorough psychological assessment and a wide range of programmes targeting the reductionof recidivism of sex offenders.
Japan’s institutional based treatment programme for sexual offenders was implemented in 2006, based on
the cognitive behavioural therapy model, with group sessions, role-play, and role-lettering to victims as partof its core programme.

C. Community Based Treatment Programmes and Supervision
In Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Guinea and Uruguay there are no community based treatment
programmes.
In Hong Kong, community based treatment in respect of sex offenders is only provided for those having
been convicted of certain categories of sex crimes with a sentence of two years and above.
In Japan, a compulsory treatment programme for sex offenders on probation and parole was implemented
in 2006 which involves cognitive behaviour therapy. In the first place, the community based programme
consists of the use of Volunteer Probation Officers (VPO’s). The VPO’s provide much needed assistance tothe Probation Officers, whose caseload on average numbers one hundred offenders with some as many as
two hundred and fifty. Reports are generated by the VPO to the Probation Officers who will intervene with149

RESOURCE MATERIAL SERIES No. 72

the offender if the need arises. These volunteers have received some formal training, such as elementarytraining, secondary training, regular training four times a year and special training. However, recently it has
become apparent that there are some types of offenders for whom the traditional form of probation
treatment has had no effect, especially sexual offenders. This is because they are addicts and the cause of
their offences arises from their own “acknowledgement”. In 2006 Probation offices started a new treatment
measure based on a programme for sexual offenders. In this treatment, probationers/parolees must visit theprobation office, and probation officers give them instructions directly based on a programme by the
Rehabilitation Bureau of the Ministry of Justice. This programme is based on the cognitive-behaviouralapproach, and modelled on a programme used in England.
The group compared the features of Institutional based treatment programmes to those of Community
based treatment programmes and agreed on the following that:(i)
Institutional based treatment programmes have a pre-set environment, which is a condition that
affects outcomes, there are more controls and the participation level is better. The programme
implementation is scheduled and there is a time limitation on treatment sessions.
(ii) With regards to community based treatment programmes, there is a certain level of time flexibility
both in terms of the offender meeting with the volunteer to fulfil the conditions of the probation
order, and delivery of the programme as there is flexibility in regard to the time and place and theamount of sessions one can attend. An ongoing relationship and rapport is also developed between
both parties. Volunteers, NGO’s, religious organizations and other volunteer
organization/community groups can take part in offender rehabilitation (this available resource
contributes in lowering the overhead of government institutions), their knowledge and skills
provide additional community support to offenders. It is also much more cost effective thanincarceration.
(iii) On the downside for community based treatment programmes, we recognized and agreed thattreatment providers would have to work alone without immediate expertise or support, that there
is a level of difficulty in motivating parolees and probationers (particularly sex offenders) to takepart in the treatment, and that the risk of re-offending is greater as there are more open
opportunities.
(iv) There is also the need to strike a balance between the offenders’ rehabilitation and public safety as
they cannot be monitored all the time. The community (volunteers) is made up of just ordinary
people, it is important that their skill levels be developed in order to deliver treatment, and that thetreatment be based on the offenders efforts to rehabilitate.
(v) A “Through Care” concept which would see the continuation of supervision after release fromprison would rely very much on community involvement and the agreement of the sex offender toparticipate.

D. Preventive Measures
For preventive measures, the group agreed that educating the public at large was critical to the success ofany programme being instituted for treatment of sex offenders, and that various agencies and modes ofcommunication could be used to deliver the message, this would include, community and charitable groups,
schools, religious organizations and the media. As evident by the sex crime situation in all participating
countries, although preventive measures are in place, (situational, social and environmental design andcommunity policing) they are seemingly inadequate to properly address the problem.
E. Inter-Agency Cooperation
In small jurisdictions like Hong Kong, cooperation among government bodies, NGOs and otherconcerned parties is satisfactory; however for countries with limited resources, both financial and human,inter-agency cooperation is limited. For countries like Japan, sectionalism disturbs effective inter-agency
communication.
All participants agreed that protection of personal data would be of major concern and that the focusedpriority of many of the agencies, like NGO’s, religious bodies and charitable organizations would differ, andthat a central governing or co-coordinating body to ensure compliance with legislation would have to be put
in place.

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IV. EFFECTIVE MEASURES AND STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE PREVENTION AND
TREATMENT PROGRAMMES FOR SEXUAL OFFENDERS AT EACH STAGE
OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
A. Best Practices and Empirical Studies
1. The following were agreed upon as best practices based on the information and lectures we received. We
also noted that both Canada and the UK utilize some form of drug therapy treatment; however, notextensively as there are side effect concerns with some of the drugs used. Germany’s programme on theother hand deals primarily with persons who have psychiatric issues, and not the general population of sex
offenders.
UK
The UK employs a “Risk Management” system which effectively measures static, dynamic and acutefactors, and so they are able to project whether an individual is “High” “Medium” or “Low” risk in terms of
re-offending. This allows the opportunity for the best treatment plan to be put in place.
The Sex Offender Treatment Programme, whether institutional or community-based utilizes the
cognitive behavioural therapy approach, this includes group sessions as well as some role-playing.
Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements (MAPPA) is an organization that is responsible for
ensuring the dissemination of information to be passed on to prisons, police, the probation service and thecommunity where the offender will be living. In the event of a breach of a probation order a Sex Offender
Order has to be issued.
CanadaA wide use of assessment tools to determine treatment needs is utilized by Canada in all of the federal
penitentiaries. These also help in determining levels of risk of the sexual offender re-offending.
Principles of Effective Offender Treatment: Risks, Needs & Responsivity by Andrews and Bonta (1998)
Good Lives Model (Ward & Marshall 2004) – goal setting for a better life.
Germany
Germany provides cognitive behavioural and pharmacological treatment for sexual deviant behaviour, andhas experienced no relapse from offenders under treatment conditions since 1998 in Haina Forensic
Psychiatric Hospital. However, Germany’s model only deals with sex offenders who are mentally disturbed
and not the general population of sex offenders.
Japan
VPOs accept most sexual offenders returning to their communities after release. It is far more costeffective to prevent sex offences than to incarcerate and treat sexual offenders.
VPOs invite the probationers/parolees to his or her house about twice a month, and give them
instructions and assistance by listening to their problems, etc. Approximately 50,000 VPOs live in the local
community where the probationers/parolees also live, and they take charge of them within a so-called
distance “so that the soup doesn’t get cold”, considering the local climate and characteristics. They also
make various efforts to help the probationers/parolees be good members of the community, making the mostof their local reputation and knowledge.
Hong Kong
Since the establishment of a sex offender evaluation unit in 1998, has observed a decrease in recidivism
and effectiveness in ratifying criminal thinking and relapse prevention.
Ward advocated the ‘Good Lives Model’. He stated that sexual offenders fail to achieve the goals
necessary to have a satisfactorily fulfilled life and that in order to compensate for this they seek more
immediate satisfactions without regard for the long-term consequences of these behaviours (Ward, 2002;
Ward & Marshall, 2004; Ward & Steward, 2003).

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Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are effective with clients who manifest compulsive-like sexual
behaviours (Pearson, Marshall, Barbaree, & Southmayd, 1992).
Most treatment programmes for sexual offenders in North America, Great Britain, Australia, and New
Zealand are based on a cognitive behavioural model incorporating relapse prevention strategies (William L.
Marshall & Sharon Williams).
2. Empirical Studies
Hanson et al. 2002 combined 43 studies with a sample size of over 9,000• Sexual recidivism: treated 9.95, untreated 17.3%• General recidivism: treated 32.3%, untreated 51.3%
Lostel et al. 2005 combined 60 studies with a sample size of over 22,000• 6% to 37% less re-offending• Castration and hormonal medication effective• Cognitive behavioural therapy has an impact on recidivism

B. Effective Preventive Measures/Treatment Models at Each Stage of the Criminal Justice System
While personal data of the individual is to be respected, protection of public safety takes precedence, it
was suggested that there should be a data bank for registration and sharing of offender information withother relevant authorities (no consensus was reached on this matter). However, such a measure would needto have legislation put in place to clarify the limitations.
Since trust and consideration are two of the most important things to any human being, it is the opinionof the Group that should disclosure be used, mistrust would be borne and that would only take away fromthe general idea of community based treatment.
Accessibility to law enforcement agencies through the use of a hotline for reporting of actual or
suspicious criminal activity should be available to the public. It was agreed that there is a need for goal
setting with probationers (counselling) and to develop specialist probation teams to deal with the sex
offenders/sex offences. Public information forums encouraging support for law enforcement agencies
through community policing initiatives such as Neighbourhood Watch and Bicycle Patrols. Forums andopinion polls on crime prevention and effective treatment programmes can also be held to contribute to thechange in social attitude towards the control of sex information.
It was further agreed that the sex offender should be involved in the goal setting and sharing in order tomotivate his/her participation in the community-based treatment programme, and that family and friends
should be involved in the process in order to facilitate the reduction in the risk of re-offending. They canprovide needed support to both the case manager by providing valuable information about the offender, andto the sex offender, by ensuring to some degree that action plans/goals and objectives are clearly understoodand adhered to.
Invite community leaders/professionals to form focus groups to discuss common concerns regarding sex
offences and the individual’s responsibility and commitment to rehabilitate.
It was also agreed that any initiative undertaken should have some measurement tools in place to checkfor effectiveness and efficiency.
The prevention of victimization should be our ultimate goal. This means that society as a whole musttake some responsibility for reducing sex offences. The first level of intervention begins with parents who
must foster self-esteem in their children, by setting good examples, teaching safe behaviour and how to
distinguish between “good” and “bad” touching. Parents must also discuss sexual issues, attitudes andbehaviour with their children and should monitor their children’s caretakers, friends, activities andwhereabouts. (Sharon M. Williams, Forum on Corrections Research, Correctional Service of Canada, Vol. 8
No. 2 Managing Sex Offender).
Public opinion has the power to shape legislation, funding decisions, and the political landscape related tothe community supervision of sex offenders. Public opinion creates the boundaries within which the152133RD INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COURSEREPORTS OF THE COURSE

community will support, or at least accept, policy. Public opinion about criminal justice is at times
misinformed, and largely as a result of those misperceptions, the public has shown low levels of confidence
in the criminal justice system. After learning about a criminal justice issues and having a chance todeliberate over it, the public is much more open to change than conventional wisdom would suggest. (The
Office of Justice Programs, US Department of Justice, 2000, Public Opinion and the Criminal Justice System:
Building Support for Sex Offender Management Programs).
Not every treatment programme or practitioner views or understands family treatment in the same way,
and some apply a more general model, whereas others employ a model more in line with the practices
typically associated with systemic forms of family therapy. The role is to help open up or build new channelsof communication, to identify or aid in the self-identification of dysfunctional patterns of family behaviour, toempower individual members, and, in some instances, to educate and direct so that the family may become
more effective and independent. (Phil Rich, Juvenile Sex Offenders).
Lambert (1992) found that the therapeutic relationship, or factors contributing to the therapeutic alliance,account for 30% of the variance in treatment outcome, regardless of treatment orientation. Included here areitems such as caring, warmth, acceptance, affirmation, empathy, encouragement, positive regard, andgenuineness. In addition, Lambert and Begin (1993) described reassurance, structure, advice, cognitive
learning and cognitive mastery, changing expectations for personal effectiveness, and modelling and successexperience as important factors in the therapeutic alliance.

C. Inter-Agency Cooperation to Establish an Integrated Sexual Offender Treatment Model
Although some relationship exists between the police and probation offices, albeit somewhat ambiguous
in some countries, it was suggested that meetings between both agencies be held to foster closer ties anddiscussions in dealing with disclosure of private information and crime enquiries.
The introduction of a system based on the principles of MAPPA (UK based example), filtered information
sharing plan that assist each agency in the collective goal of prevention and integrated treatment withnecessary confidentiality agreements is desirable.
In most countries there is a need for legislative reform on information sharing and disclosure among
relevant agencies in their criminal justice system. Although it is believed that sharing of information isimportant to achieve improvement of integrated treatment models, in some jurisdictions there is legislationthat prevents this from happening.
Components of effective sex offender management include the primary goal, shared by all stakeholders,of preventing future sexual victimization; and multidisciplinary, multi-agency, and collaboration responses onboth the case management and policy levels. (The Office of Justice Programs, US Department of Justice,
2002, Managing Sex Offenders on the Community: A Handbook to Guide Policymakers and Practitioners
through a Planning and Implementation Process).

D. Preventive Measures/Treatment Models Applicable To Each Country
In Antigua and Barbuda, Guinea, Belize, and Uruguay there could be the introduction of an institutional
based treatment plan along the lines of risk assessment, a classification system, and psychologicalpharmacological and cognitive behaviour with the support of a multi-agency approach. The law, however,would have to be reformed/applied in many instances, and also the necessary infrastructure put in place assome countries suffer from lack of resources.
In Hong Kong the use of pharmacological treatment would be applicable, however legislation is required.
In Japan, the new treatment, which includes cognitive behaviour therapy, will be implemented in 2006;
however, there are some additional areas where systems such as MAPPA could be introduced. Introducing
pharmacological treatment would be difficult because of the side effects, which have not been denied by the
medical field. If it is introduced, it should be used strictly and in a limited way, especially on those who
cannot be improved with socio-psychological treatment. Regarding preventive measures, prisons provide thepolice with information about sexual offenders including their new address; however, sexual offenders are
not obligated to notify their new address to the police when a change of address occurs. Therefore, further

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consideration should be given whether to place them under an obligation to notify their new address andimpose penalty conditions in case of failure to comply.
In areas of prevention, Belize continues to use the community module and inter-agency approach having
contact with the schools, neighbourhood watch groups, and citizen liaison and crime committees in
discussions of what problems are occurring and developing solutions to address the problems. Similar
situations exist in Antigua and Barbuda, Uruguay and Guinea.

E. Possible International Cooperation
It was agreed by all group members that in order to achieve international/transnational cooperation thefollowing would be needed:1.
A memorandum of understanding/international-cooperation between nations for the sharing of
knowledge, expertise, best practices, development of treatment plans and preventative measuresand research.
2.
Accessible website forums on strategies to assist in dealing with the problems of prevention andtreatment (e.g. use of Interpol/JICC).
3.
Exchange training initiatives among nations also with international/regional NGOs (United Nations,
WHO, UNAFEI, etc.).
4.
Participation in international conferences on sex offender treatment.
5.
Internet forums on sharing and analyzing the challenges of sex crimes.
6.
Exchange of outcomes of empirical studies.
7.
A website on the latest information on sex crime and treatment of sex offenders for participating
countries.
8.
A cooperation agreement with participating countries on reducing sex crime.
V. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

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Identif y suitable probation officers in each region/area as sex offender treatment
personnel/manager/team - expertise, experience sharing, and group therapy sessions incorporating
the viewpoint of the victim.
Involve the community through focus groups to enhance public awareness.
Change social attitudes through opinion surveys or public forums towards the control of sex
information.
Widely incorporate victim protection measures into the criminal justice system such as
psychological assurance during police investigation, video or screening arrangements in court
hearings, aftermath counselling, and expression of empathy or confession by offenders.
Goal setting and sharing with probationers to motivate participation in community-based treatment
programmes.
Training to be provided to probation officers by experts of various disciplines.
Families and friends of sex offenders to be involved in treatment and support of the offender andgive valuable information to probation officers.
A system similar to MAPPA should be adopted.
Invite community leaders/professionals to form focus groups to attract common concern for sex
offences and individual’s responsibility and commitment for reducing sex crime.
Incorporate the ‘Good Lives Model’ in the treatment regime.
Measurement of achievement through data analysis and surveys.
Governments should provide employers with subsidies to employ offenders; this would provide amechanism within the community to support offenders.

133RD INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COURSEREPORTS OF THE COURSE

APPENDIX
Current Situation of Sexual Offences and Other Related Offences
1. Antigua and Barbuda (pop. 70,000)
Rape cases – 2000-2004
Reported

Detected

Arrested

Withdrawn

Prosecuted

2000

96

40

40

0

1

2001

73

0

49

0

0

2002

34

0

17

0

0

2003

55

0

23

3

0

2004

29

0

0

0

0

2. Belize (pop. 250,000)
End Result of Sex Crime Cases(147 cases from 2002 - 2005)

Sex Crime Cases (2002 - 2005)(Total reported cases=147)

Hung Jury, 1%
Incest, 5%
Unlawful Carnal Knowledgeof teen 14 and over but
under 16, 26%

Unnatural Crime, 4%Convictions, 22%

Acquittals, 27%

Carnal Knowledgeof Child under 14,
39%

Attempted
Rape/indecent
assault, 5%

Rape, 20%
Kidnapping/Child Stealing
and/or Blackmail, 1%Nolle Prosequi, 50%

3. Guinea (pop. 7,518,000)
Court Cases
N*

Year

NumberAgeNature of offence

1

2004/2005

6

1960/1980

Hit and wound wilfully2

2004/2005

2

1951/1960

Abandonment of family

3

2004/2005

7

1946/1984

Rape

4

2004/20053

1956/1982

Removal of child5

2004/20052

1956/1971

Own child killing

Source: Judicial Police Guinea

City Police headquarters Conakry Statistics 2005: 39 cases of rape, 1 own child killing case and 1 abortion case.

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RESOURCE MATERIAL SERIES No. 72

Child Rape Cases (Source: Police Judicial Guinea)
2002

2003

2004

2005

52

71

13

26

4. Uruguay (pop. 3,340,000)
Cases 2005
Rape

138

Violent Attempt on the Honour

369

Causing Public Outrage

106

SEXUAL OFFENCES 2005
1%

Incest0%2

Pimping

5

Prostitution

74

Rape
11%

Violent Attempt on the
Honour

20%

15%
PP

IncestPimping
Prostitution

53%

Total

Causing Public Outrage694

5. Hong Kong (pop. 6,940,000)
2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Rape

104

95

95

70

92

99

Indecent Assault

1124

1007

991

1018

1034

1136

Other Sexual Offences

938

753

773

900

1082

1042

Year

Table: Crime Statistics from Hong Kong Police (cases reported).

6. Japan (pop. 126,870,000)
Fig. 1: Number of reported cases and cleared cases, and clearance rates for rape
Fig. 2: Number of reported cases and cleared cases, and clearance rates for indecent assault
3000

100.0%

3000

100.0%
90.0%

90.0%
2500

2500

80.0%
70.0%

2000

80.0%
70.0%

2000

60.0%
50.0%

1500

40.0%
1000

30.0%

60.0%
Reported cases
Cleared cases
Clearance rate (%)

50.0%

1500

40.0%
1000

30.0%

20.0%

500

20.0%

500
10.0%

0.0%
04

03

20

02

20

01

20

00

20

99

20

98

19

97

19

96

19

95

19

04

03

20

02

20

01

20

00

20

99

20

98

97

19

19

96

19

95

19

19

156

10.0%
0
19

0.0%

0

Reported cases
Cleared cases
Clearance rate (%)