Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium
on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011
December 10 – 11, 2011at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

National United University
Kisarazu National College of Technology

PrefaceWe Are in Pursuit of Happiness via Auspicious Technologies

Friday the 13th is called “black Friday” by western people, but Taiwanese never mind thenumber 13 because the two characters “吉利”, which mean auspicious, have 13 strokes. National
United University (NUU) chose Green and Orange Technologies (GO Tech) to be its distinguishingfeature for preparing the professionals and conducting academic research. In mandarin Chinese, thepronunciation of “Green and Orange” (橘綠) is similar to “吉利” (jili), so NUU has devoted to
auspicious technologies.
Technology is the modification of non-human or natural resources to meet human needs andwants. Orange is the color of sunshine and represents warmth. Thus, orange technology (orange-tech)symbolizes care technology, which concerns about the welfare of the aged, the minorities and all
people by means of technologies, while green technology (green-tech) values sustainable
development. NUU believes that the promotion of auspicious technologies enhances humanhappiness.
Educational Institutes with the above ideas are not single but in pairs. In recent years, Kisarazu
National College of Technology (Kisarazu Kosen), NUU’s good partner in Japan, has also valued thetechnologies related to environmental improvement and welfare improvement (環境改善和福祉向上)。Therefore, both Kisarazu Kosen and NUU decided to choose GO Tech as a common interest in
their mutually beneficial exchanges and cooperation. This symposium is an action to demonstrate thecommon interest and a collaborative spirit.
On behalf of NUU, I highly appreciate Kisarazu Kosen’s friendship and warmly welcome all
distinguished guests come to take part in this symposium and sincerely wish this symposium very
successful and all participants happiness!

Lung-Sheng Lee
President & Professor, National United University, TaiwaniPreface to the Proceedings for the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on
Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011
I would like to extend my cordial greetings to you before opening the Japan-Taiwan YouthSymposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011.
A Japanese technical college, which consists of a 5-year semi-advanced course and a 2-year
advanced course, aims to nurture highly practical and creative engineers. Some Japanese technicalcolleges and Taiwanese universities have ever carried out educational and academic exchange forseveral years, and today we hold this symposium and the students from 4 Japanese technical colleges
and 4 Taiwanese universities get together here to present their research results. I am very glad tohold this symposium on expenses of Institute of National Colleges of Technology, Japan.
The theme of this symposium, “Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare”, covers wide
range of areas from our daily lives to global issues, and I think these the critical issues for humanbeings in addition to global peace. Nowadays several researches and investigations on environment
maintenance and human welfare are conducted in the fields of science, technology and engineering,where the students participated in this symposium are studying. I believe this two-day symposium
will play one role of these activities, and I am looking forward to further progress in the researches inthese fields.
Through this symposium, we use English as an official language. Because there is an ethnic
and cultural diversity in Asian countries including Japan and Taiwan, we need a common means ofcommunication, that is, English language. I would like people of further generation tocommunicate in English naturally in order to live in a global society.
In Japan in March this year, the Great East Japan Earthquake and accidents at a nuclear power
plant took place and many precious lives were lost. Still, this devastating catastrophe causes manydifficulties to Japanese national life. After this disaster, Japan has been given warm support frompeople in Taiwan and all over the world and we keenly feel the importance of the international
friendship under the severe conditions. Now, people all over Japan continue to effort to recoverfrom the disaster.
Sendai City, which is one of the cities devastated in this March, is a place where Lu Xun,
known as a Father of Chinese Literature, studied medicine in his twenties. Lu Xun was not good atJapanese language but one teacher of anatomy eagerly taught and encouraged him. Lu Xun
respected the teacher and later wrote a novel Mr. Fujino (Fujino Sensei).
Since ancient times it has been said that Japan is separated from China and Taiwan by a narrowstraits and people’s minds have been bonded strongly. I hope this symposium will remind us thesebonds and it will be a great chance to provide a wide variety of human resources for the future.

KUDO Toshio
President, Kisarazu National College of TechnologyiiTable of Contents
PrefaceLung-Sheng Lee ………….………………………………………………………………………...… i
Toshio Kudo …………….………………………………………………………………………….... ii

Part I

Environment

Plenary Lecture
Research for quality living environment in Taiwan
Ching-Chih Lai ………………………………………………………………………..……. 2

Students Presentation
Synthetic lightweight aggregates made from reservoir sediments
Yu-Ping Chen and Yating Hsu ……………………………………………………………… 4
Effects of antimony doping in CdTe solar cells
Ryoji Hayashi ………………………………………………………………………………. 6
The lipid-lowering effect of different fractions of supercritical fluid extract of Pinus morrisonicola
Hay in vitro
Nai-Jen Lee and Shiuan-Jung Chiou ……………………………………………….………. 8
Development of the underwater robot － The actuator concentration type removable underwater
manipulator
Reyes Tatsuru Shiroku …………………………………………………………..……...…. 10
Study of light-driving reactions in oxidizing organic pollutants in liquid
Wei-Lun Lee and Yao-Yu Xie ……………………………………………………….……. 12
The activity of KNCT on down-flow hanging sponge reactor
Naoki Ikeda and Teppei Natori ………………………………………………….………… 14
Recycle of fly ash and sludge for producing value-added ceramic tileChen-Wei Tan and Tz-Ting Wang ………………………………………………………… 16iii

Study of UV irradiation effects in CR-39 plastics for environmental radiometry
Yui Moriwaki ……………………………………………………………………………… 18
The examination of vegetation on trees species and road landscape shape
Wen-Sheng Lin and Ki-Lung Lin …………………………………………………….…… 20
A site evaluation method and questionnaire survey concerning geothermal power plant construction
Ryuji Matsuoka and Kazutomo Matsushita ……………………………………………..... 22
Use of Beetles in treating TFT-LCD wasted sludge
Bo-Xuan Chou and Hong-Chun Chen ……………………………………………………. 24
Endeavor to improve tributary stream environments by the Floating Island with Wood Piles (FIWP)
Tsubasa Naganuma …………………………………………………………………...…… 26
Extraction of lipids from Euglena using underwater shock wave.
Chihiro Kishaba ………………………………………………………………………...…. 28

Part II

WelfarePlenary Lecture
Brain functional signal analysis using near-infrared spectroscopy
Ikusaburo Kurimoto ……………….…...……………………………………………….… 30

Students Presentation
Lumbar motion trace on the walking with loading a backpack
Kyotaro Kikuchi ……………….…...…………………………………………………...… 32
The study of the welfare needs and the physical condition of the elderly care sector in Miaoli county
Jen Shu and Chih-Hsu Hsien ………………………………………………………..…….. 34
Evaluation of the operability of a joystick mouse by motion measurement
Sho Gushiken ………………………………………………………………………..……. 36
Report on the damage from the Great East Japan Earthquake and volunteering
Takeru Donomae ……………………………………………………………………….…. 38

iv

Study on takeover support of visual information for special-needs school student
Shuhei Takara …………………………………………………………………………..…. 40
Development of an automatic turning devices for manual wheelchair
Takahiro Fujikawa and Misuzu Chujo …...…….…………………………………...…….. 42
Development of a support device for digital cameras using adaptable design for challenged persons
Ryoji Yukino …………………………………………………………………………….… 44
Generalize ICT-based scenarios for decreasing the incidence of school bullying by leveraging
technology foresight approaches
Chen-Heng Hsu and Kai-Rung Jiang …………………………………………………...… 46

Appendix
A. Program
B. List of participants (with local expression)
C. Japanese version of the preface by President Kudo
D. Note for the organization of the symposium (in Japanese)v

Part I
Environment

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

Research for quality living environment in Taiwan
Ching-Chih, Lai
Ching-Chih_Lai@itri.org.tw
Green Energy and Environment ResearchLaboratories, ITRI, Taiwan
Due to the change of economic structure of Taiwan, the living quality is getting important thanmanufacturing industries. The research focus is also shifting from industrial pollution control toimprovement of daily life environment. The development of high quality living technologies is baseon the requirement of safety, convenience, comfortable, health and sustainability. In this talk, someof the developing technologies are chose, such as geopolymer building materials, photo catalyst,
non-formaldehyde glue, video fire detection system, tap water de-chlorination shower, et, al.

H

H

H

ψ5
ψ20

ψ35

ψ20
ψ5

25

25

25

30

100

35
40

300

or Na+, Ca2+, H+, …

10

100
110
【光觸媒淨水反應器】

Figure 1: Geopolymer building materialsSIZEtotal: 10*10*0.785*30=2355 mL
SIZElamp: 4*4*0.785*30=377 mL
SIZEreaction: 2355 mL-477 mL=1978 mL

Figure 2: Photo catalyst reactor

OCl- + H2O + 2e- → Cl- + 2OHReduction
CathodeWater
out
Figure 3: Video fire detection system

Anode

water
in

Figure 4: tap water de-chlorination shower-2-

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

H3CO

H2C

H3CO

OCH3

CH2
N

N

N

H2C

OCH3

CH2
N

+

H

O

Wood

H

O

Starch

H

O

PVOH

N

N
H2C
OCH3

CH2
OCH3
catalyst

PVOH

O

H2C
N

Wood

O

N

H2C
N

CH2

O

Starch

CH2

O

PVOH

N

N

N

Starch

H2C

CH2

O

O

Wood

Figure 5: non-formaldehyde glue

-3-

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

Synthetic Lightweight Aggregates Made from Reservoir Sediments
Yu-Ping Chen
ypc@csu.edu.tw
Chao-Wei Tang
tangcw@csu.edu.tw
Yating Hsu
justine19800519@yahoo.com.tw
Graduate Institute of Construction Engineering, Cheng Shiu University
This paper proposes a procedure to produce lightweight aggregate (LWA) made from reservoir sediments. Physicaland mechanical properties of the synthesized aggregates were assessed. The test results show that the produced
aggregates possessed a hard ceramic shell, and a porous core, and a relative density ranging from 1.01 g/cm3 to1.38 g/cm3, which is significantly lower than normal density of aggregates. The produced aggregates also meet therequirements of ASTM C330 with bulk density less than 880 kg/m3 for light coarse aggregate.
Shihmen Reservoir is the third largest reservoir in Taiwan. Currently, it has silted up seriously. The
accumulating deposits affect the multiple functions of the reservoir and disposal severely impacts the surrounding
ecological environment. This article explains how the fine reservoir silt is being sintered into LWA suitable forconcrete applications. The overall process involves dredging of the reservoir sediment, followed by its hauling,
air-drying, crushing, sieving, graining, and sintering. Table 1 presents the results of physical tests of the sediments.
Chemical analysis of the sediment samples is presented in Table 2. The main ingredient is SiO2 (59.31%), followed
by Al2O3 (19.97%), and Fe2O3 (6.53%). The presence of CaO and MgO makes sure to liberate CO2 at a temperature
which a glassy phase forms. The presence of fluxes (Fe2O3, FeO, CaO, MgO, K2O, and Na2O) would ensure thedevelopment of high temperature glassy phases of sufficient viscosity. The analysis results were within the limits ofthe expandable region on the Riley’s triaxial diagram (see Figure 1) that assured the fine sediments from the
Shihmen Reservoir feasible for generating lightweight aggregates. The flow chart of the manufacturing process forthe synthetic LWA from reservoir sediments is described in Figure 2.
SiO2

Table 1: Physical test results of the fine sediments

100%

Ingredients (%)
D50
Specific LL
PLPI(mm) Gravels Sands Silts Clays gravity (%) (%) (%)
0.003
0
1.4
38.5 60.1
2.74
40.4 25.6 14.8

The composition limits fromwhich a sufficiently viscousglass would be formed onheating (Riley C.M. 1950)

Note: D50=more than 50% of the sample having a size greater than 0.003 mm.
Reservoir sedimentsfrom Shin-Men Reservior

Table 2: Chemical composition of the fine sediments
Chemical compositions (wt.%)
SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO K2O Na2O SO3 LOI OS Total
59.31 19.97 6.53 1.41 2.02 0.08 0.01 0.07 7.70 2.90 99.97

Al2 O350%

Note: LOI=Loss on ignition; OS=Organic substance content.

FeO, Fe2 O3
CaO, MgO
K2O, Na2O
50%

Figure 1: Composition limits of bloating clays-4-Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

DredgingDepositing and dewateringAir-dryingGraining

HeatingConveying

Crushing

Stockpiles

Packing

Figure 2: The flow diagram of the manufacturing processes for the sintered sediment LWA
All aggregates (see Figure 3) were tested for relative density and water absorption in accordance with BS 812,
ASTM C330, and ASTM C29. The dry loose bulk density, relative density, and water absorption at different times
for the produced aggregates (i.e. SA-600, SA-700, and SA-800 made from the reservoir sediments) are comparedwith CA-800 as Table 3. The aggregates were named after their bulk densities (kg/m3). The relative densities of the
produced aggregates ranging from 1.01 g/cm3 to 1.38 g/cm3 are significantly lower than normal density aggregates,
and meet the requirements of ASTM C 330 with bulk density less than 880 kg/m3 for coarse aggregate. Therefore,
the produced aggregates can be used as LWA for structural concrete. Table 3 also summarizes the crushing strengthof SA-600, SA-700, and SA-800 aggregates as 7.2 MPa, 10.0 MPa, and 13.4 MPa, respectively. In addition,
SA-800 aggregate was found to have better strength than CA-800 aggregate that verifies fine sediment lightweightaggregate able to serve as structural aggregate.
Table 3: Physical and mechanical properties of LWA
Dry loose Particle Water absorption (%) CrushingType ofbulk density density
strength
LWA
30-minute 24-hour(kg/m3)(kg/m3)(MPa)
SA-600
622
1010
5.5
12.3
7.2
SA-700
713
1160
6.3
11.1
10.0
SA-800
859
1380
6.6
10.4
13.4
CA-800
844
1410
7.1
11.5
7.5

Figure 3: Appearance of sintered sedimentary LWA

Note: SA-600 was the sedimentary LWA; CA-800 was a commercially available LWA made in
China.

References[1] Chao-Wei Tang, How-Ji Chen, Shun-Yuan Wang, and Jack Spaulding, 2011, Production of synthetic lightweightaggregate using reservoir sediments for concrete and masonry, Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol. 33, No.
2, pp. 292-300.
[2] How-Ji Chen, Ming-Der Yang, Chao-Wei Tang, and Shun-Yuan Wang, 2012, Producing synthetic lightweightaggregates from reservoir sediments, Construction & Building Materials, Vol. 28, pp. 387-394.
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Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

EFFECTS OF ANTIMONY DOPING IN CdTe SOLAR CELLS
Ryoji Hayashi*, Shigeyuki Ikeda, Tamotsu Okamoto*E-mail address : josoku@hotmail.co.jp
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Kisarazu National College of Technology

CdTe is one of the most promising photovoltaic materials for use in low-cost, high-efficiency thin-film
solar cells, because it has a direct band gap of approximately 1.5 eV, and because large-area, high-quality
polycrystalline films of CdTe can be prepared by simple and easy methods such as close-spaced sublimation (CSS).
For improving the solar cell performance of CdTe solar cells, it is important to increase the acceptor concentrationin p-CdTe layer. Antimony (Sb) is a candidate dopant for p-type conductivity in CdTe because it has relatively low
ionization energy and a low diffusion constant in CdTe1). Furthermore, it was reported that the crystallinity
improved by Sb addition in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 2). In this work, we attempted Sb doping by using Sb-doped CdTe
powders as source materials for CSS deposition of CdTe layer in the polycrystalline CdTe thin-film solar cells.
CdTe thin film solar cells with a glass/ITO/CVD-CdS/CSS-CdTe/Cu-doped carbon/Ag structure, were
fabricated. The substrate was glass (Corning #1737) with a 250-nm-thick indium tin oxide (ITO) film and a
60-nm-thick CdS layer3). The CdTe films were deposited by
CSS method3). The thickness of the CdTe layers was between 4
and 9 mm. In the CSS deposition of CdTe layer, we used
Sb-doped CdTe powders with Sb concentrations of 0 to 11020
cm-3 as source materials. The Sb-doped CdTe powders wereobtained by the powderization of Sb-doped CdTe bulk
polycrystals. Cu-doped carbon electrode was prepared by screen
printing followed by heat treatment for Cu diffusion into CdTe
layer at 325C for 15 min3).
Figure 1 shows the cell parameters of CdTe thin-film
solar cells as a function of the Sb concentration in the CdTe
sourcematerials.

Conversion

efficiency

increased
18

increasing the Sb concentration below 110

with

-3

cm , due tomainly improving the fill factor. This result indicates that thesolar cell performance improves with Sb doping. Above 1´1019
cm-3, however, the conversion efficiency drastically decreased.
We achieved 14.9% efficiency (VOC : 0.822 V，JSC : 26.1
mA/cm2，F.F.: 0.693, 0.24 cm2, AM 1.5) by using the Sb-doped
CdTe source with Sb concentration of 11018 cm-3.
In order to clarify the effects of Sb doping on theproperties of the CdTe layer, we measured the low-temperature
photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the as-deposited CdTe layers.
-6-

Fig. 1 Cell parameters of CdTe thin-film
solar cells as a function of the Sb
concentration in the CdTe source
materials.

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan
The intensity of the donor-acceptor pair (DAP) emission at
approximately 800 nm increased with increasing the Sb
concentration. This result suggests that Sb atoms wereincorporated into the CdTe layers as effective acceptors byusing the Sb-doped CdTe source.
Figure 2 shows the SIMS depth profiles of Sb in the
CdTe solar cells by using the CdTe sources with and without
Sb. In the CdTe solar cell by using the CdTe source without
Sb, Sb was not detected in the CdTe layer. On the other hand,
the Sb impurities with concentration of approximately 1´1016
cm-3 were incorporated into the CdTe layer by using the
Sb-doped CdTe source of 11018 cm-3.
Figure 3 shows depth profiles of the acceptor
concentration in the CdTe solar cells by using the CdTe
sources with and without Sb. The depth profiles of theacceptor concentration were measured by C-V characteristics.
It was found that there was no distinct difference between theacceptor concentrations in CdTe layers with and without Sb
doping. This result indicates that Sb addition has little
influence on acceptor concentration. Therefore, the improved

Fig. 2SIMS depth profiles of Sb in the
CdTe layers.

Fig. 3depth profiles of the acceptor
concentration in the CdTe layers.

performance by the Sb addition in CdTe solar cells wasprobably due to the improvement of crystallinity such as theincreased grain size.

References
1) H. Zhao, Alvi Farah, D. Morel, and C. S. Ferekides, ―The
Effect of Impurities on the Doping and VOC of CdTe/CdS
Thin Film Solar Cells‖, Thin Solid Films 517, 2365
(2009).
2) Min Yuan, Min Yuan, David B. Mitzi, Wei Liu, Andrew J.
Kellock,

S.

Jay

Chey,

and

VaughnR.

Deline,―Optimization of CIGS-Based PV Device throughAntimony Doping‖, Chem. Mater. 22, 285 (2010).
3) Tamotsu Okamoto, Yoshinori Harada, Akira Yamada, and
Makoto Konagai, ―Improved Performance of CdTe Thin
Film Solar Cells through Controlling the Initial Stage of
the CdTe Layer Deposition by Close-Spaced Sublimation‖,Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 67, 187 (2001).
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Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

The lipid-lowering effect of different fractions of supercritical fluid extract ofPinus morrisonicola Hay in vitro
Nai Jen Lee,cool.art@yahoo.com.tw, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology
Ming-Ching Cheng,
m25522@yahoo.com.tw, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology
Shiuan–Jung Chiou,
s830206@yahoo.com.tw, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology
Tuzz-Ying Song,.
Song77@dragon.ccut.edu.tw, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology

Abstract
Pinus morrisonicola Hay (PM), also known as ―five leaves pins‖ (FLP) in Chinese, distributes at 300-2300 m
altitude in Taiwan. Traditionally, it was used as beverages for lowing blood pressure. PM has been shown to reduce
plasma cholesterol and LDL levels and to prevent hypertension. PM was extracted by the technique of supercriticalfluid extraction-CO2 (SFC) under 40℃,25 MPa, 15 min and 3 ml water (adjuvant solvents) to obtained PME 3with extraction yields of 3.9%. The aim of this study is to evaluate the lipid-lowering effect of different fractions of
PME3. The methods of separation and purification were by the silica-gel column and thin layer chromatography(TLC) to obtain four fractionates (PME3-1, -2, -3, -4). The DPPH scavenger effect of PME3-1 was significantly
increase 2 folds by PME3, the IC50 of scavenger effects were 2 and 4 mg/ml. However, the other fractionates did
not reveal the DPPH scavenger effects. The results also show that under the concentration of 25PME3-1 was the potent fractionate on the inhibition of Cu+2-induced conjugated diene formation on LDL andlipid-lowing activity (oxLDL-induced foam cells formation in macrophage) in vitro. Future, the lipid-lowing
effects of PME3-1 in vivo was undertaken.

DPPH scavenger effects (% of control)

100

PME3
PME3-1(A)PME3-2(B)PME3-3(C)PME3-4(D)

80

60

40

20

0

0

1

2

3

4

5

Concentration (mg/ml)

Figure 1: Pinus morrisonicola Hayata extract and its fractionates on scavenging DPPH free radical capability.
PME3: Crude extract; PME3-1(A): fractionate1 ; PME3-2(B) : fractionate2 ; PME3-3(C) : fractionate 3；
PME3-4(D): fractionate 4.

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Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan
In Fig.1.The activity of the PME3 and its four fractionates (PME3-1, -2, -3, -4) on scavenging DPPH radicals is
40 %, 84 %, PME3-2(B): 6%, PME3-3(C): 7%, PME3-4(D): 4%, respectively. We found the PME3-1(A) is betteron scavenging DPPH free radical capability which contained (84%) and IC50 : 2 mg/ml, but the other fractionates
did not reveal the scavenger effects.

35
2.0

Inhibition cell viability

Conjugated diene (OD254 nm)

30
1.8

1.6

Control
LDL-Cu+2+ 125 g/ml+ 250 g/ml+ 500 g/ml

1.4

1.2

1.0

25

20

15

10

0.8

5
0.6
20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

0

Time (min)BlankControl

25 £gg/mL 50 £gg/mL 100 £gg/mL

Group

Figure 2: Effect of PME 3-1 (125~500 μg/ml) on

Figure 3: Inhibition effect of PME3-1 (25~100 μg/ml)

Cu+2-induced conjugated diene formation on LDL

on the ox-LDL-induced foam cells formation inunder different incubation time (30~180min).

macrophage. Control : adding ox-LDL-induced but notadded to the sample in 12well. Blank : no added
sample and ox-LDL in 12well.

Fig.2. The results showed that the formation of conjugated diene is increased when LDL with Cu+2 reaction
time increases, and conjugated diene formation is reached highest point, when the reaction time in 120min.
Conjugated diene formation began to decline after the 120min. Therefore, we design the reaction time (120min) as
assessed PME3-1 (A) inhibition of Cu +2-induced LDL oxidation to form conjugated diene. In Figure 2, thePME3-1 (A) is to show a dose-effect of inhibiting the formation of conjugated diene, which could inhibit the
conjugated diene formation in 500μg/ml and inhibition effect is about 85% and IC50: 250 μg/ml. Therefore,
PME3-1 (A) maybe has a cholesterol-lowering potential.
In Fig.3. Found the PME3-1 (25~100 μg/ml) that is to show different compared with the control group. Related
reports showed that the LDL oxidation was mainly caused to atherosclerosis formation. LDL oxidation process ofthe formation of conjugated diene that is lead to the decomposition of vitamin E. Therefore, the amount ofconjugated diene formation is use to as an indicator of lipid oxidation.

References
Folch, J., Lees, M., and Stanley, G. H. S. 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids
from animal tissue. J. Biol. Chem.226:497-509
Frostegard, J., Haegerstrand, A., Gidlund, M., and Nilsson, J. 1991.Biologically modified LDL increases theadhesive properties of endothelial cells. Arthrosclerosis. 90:119-126.
Fukuda, Y., Nagata, M., Osawa, T., and Namiki, M. 1986. Chemical aspects of the antioxidative activity of roasted
sesame seed oil and the effect of using the oil for frying. Agric. Biol. Chem. 54:857-86-9-

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

Development of the Underwater Robot-The Actuator Concentration Type Removable Underwater ManipulatorReyesTatsuru Shiroku
ac104503@edu.okinawa-ct.ac.jp
Advanced Course Creative Engineering
Mechanical Systems Engineering Major, Okinawa Kosen
Fumiaki Takemura
takemura@okinawa-ct.ac.jp
Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Okinawa Kosen

The authors have been developing an underwater robot for the conservation of marine life in the Okinawa
sea[1]，[2]，[3]．The decrease in coral cover is caused by the impact of bleaching due to high water temperature, red soil
runoff, water pollution, and the coral- eating starfish outbreaks. It is necessary to undertake proper measurement,
observation and sampling in the water. In order to succeed in performing these tasks, we needed to develop anunderwater robot that can respond flexibly to the problem. Underwater tasks can be summarized in the following
two.
- Acquisition of image and environmental information using camera and several sensors.
- Collecting objects and performing other necessary works using robot hand.
The initial task does not need a manipulator, whereas the second one needs it. The manipulator has to be quickly
attached to the underwater robot when needed. Therefor, the authors have been deveroping a quick-releasemanipulator．

main bodymanipulator

Figure 1: The 3D CAD model of the main body and the manipulator
Fig.2 shows the appearance of experiment in the pool. Fig.2 (a) shows the picture taken from the water using thestore-bought underwater camera. A video camera is mounted on the tip of the manipulator. Looking at the view
10

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan
from the camera (Fig.2 (c)), you can see the operation performed using the operation PC (Fig.2 (b) left). It is
possible to obtain a more complete view of the surrounding with the network camera ―AXIS213PTZ‖, mounted on
the container body of under robot (Fig.2 (d)). The view can be seen on the surveillance PC (Fig.2 (b) middle).
Moreover, it only takes about 10 seconds to detach the underwater robots and the manipulators by removing fourscrews and a power cable.

①②(a)The image of the underwater robot(b)The operation PC and the surveillance PC①②(c)The image of the operation PC(d)The image of the surveillance PC
Figure 2: Appearance of experiment in the pool

References[1] R. T. Shiroku, F. Takemura and S. Sagara, “Development of the Actuator Concentration Type
Removable Underwater Manipulator”, The 28th Annual Conference of the Robotics Society ofJapan (RSJ 2010), 1G3-7, 2010
[2] F. Takemura and R. T. Shiroku, “Development of the Actuator Concentration Type Removable
Underwater Manipulator”, The 11th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics
and Vision(ICARCV2010), pp.2124-2128, Singapore, December, 2010.
[3] R. T. Shiroku, F. Takemura, K. Kawabata and S. Sagara “Development of the Actuator
Concentration Type Removable Underwater Manipulator –Control of the Manipulator-”, JSME
Robotics and Mechanics Conference 2011 (ROBOMEC 2011), 1A2-M08, 201111

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

Study of light-driving reactions in oxidizing organic pollutants in liquid
Lee Wei-Lun
Superaustin19@gmail.com
Department of safety Health and Environmental Engineering
Xie Yao-Yu
u0013824@nkfust.edu.tw
Department of safety Health and Environmental Engineering

To combine the beneficial uses of solar energy with the patent awarded catalyst, EDTA-Fe, in degrading thetargeted toxic organics, crystal violet (CV) and 3-, 3,4- and 3,5-chlorophenols (3-, 3,4- and 3,5-CPs), this study
aimed to (1) study the degradation efficiency of the targeted compounds via auto-decomposition of peroxide, (2)investigate the degradation efficiency of the targeted compounds via TiO2-assisted photocatalysis, and (3) todetermine the optimal conditions of using solar energy in treating toxic organic compounds.
The optimal operating conditions of using electro-potential were set by using fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glassas anode and TiO2-coated FTO (TiO2-FTO) as cathode at fixed current of 6 mA. After one hour of treatment, theCV deduction was ~92%.
When replacing the electropotential with sunlight for one hour using same electrodes, the results showed the CV
degradation decreased about 75%; if using UV instead, the degradation was about 63% of that of runs receiving
sunlight. Also the TiO2-FTO electrode showed the adsorption of CV (~40% of total CV added) and somedetachment of TiO2 layer due to the reaction. The TiO2 detachment was fixed by soaking the TiO2-FTO electrodein 0.003 M EDTA-Fe solution for 12 hours. Connection of two electrodes by copper wire might further elliveate thedetachment of TiO2 as well.
The optimal dosages of buffer and EDTA were determined at adding 1.37M buffer 0.375mL and 0.216M EDTA
0.75 mL in 23.75 mL of the targeted compound polluted solution. Under such optimal conditions, the degradationof CV over time was satisfactorily predicted by a first-order kinetic model with kinetic constant of 1.1171/hr ifusing sunlight and 0.385/hr if using UV light.When treating CPs at the optimal conditions, the run without sunlightshowed 30-50% sorption of CPs, yet after a two-hours treatment around 15% of CPs degradation was observed.

Keywords: EDTA-Fe complex, crystal violet (CV), chlorophenols (CPs), photo-catalysis, titanium dioxide (TiO2)

References
An, Taicheng, Hai Yang, Guiying Li, Weihua Song, William J. Cooper, and Xiangping Nie. 2010. Kinetics andmechanism of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in degradation of ciprofloxacin in water. Applied
Catalysis B: Environmental. 94: 288-294.

12

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan
Box,G.E.P. a. B., D.W. 1960. Some new three level designs for the study of quantitative variable. Technometrics(2):455-475.
Bahamonde, Ana, Cristina Ada´n, Arturo Martı´nez-Arias, and Sixto Malato. 2009. New insights on solar
photocatalytic degradation of phenol over Fe-TiO2catalysts: Photo-complex mechanism of iron lixiviates.
Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 93: 96-105.
Bahnemann,

Detlef,

Donia

Friedmann,andCecilia

Mendive.

2010.

TiO2

for

watertreatment:Parametersaffectingthekineticsandmechanisms of photocatalysis. Applied Catalysis B:
Environmental.
Beltra´n, Fernando J., Eva Rodrı´guez, Guadalupe Ferna´ ndez, Beatriz Ledesma, and Pedro A´ lvarez. 2009.
Photocatalytic degradation of organics in water in the presence of iron oxides:Influence of carboxylic acids.
Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 92: 240-249.
Benitez, F. Javier, Juan L. Acero, Francisco J. Real, and Juan Garc ıa. 2003. Kinetics of photodegradation andozonation of pentachlorophenol. Chemosphere. 51: 651-662.
Bielefeldt, Angela R., Todd L. Cort, and Myoung-Suk Song. 2002. Nonionic surfactant effects on
pentachlorophenol biodegradation. Water Research. 36: 1253-1261.
Borden, R.C., R.T. Goin, and C.M. Kao. 1997. Control of BTEX migration using a biologically enhanced
permeable barrier. Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation. 187(1).
Bigda, R. J. 1995. Consider Fenton's Chemistry for Wastewater Treatment. Chemical Engineering Progress, 91,
62-66.
Chen, Shyi-Tien, D. K. Stevens, and Guoyoung Kang. 1999. Pentachlorophenol and Crystal Violet Degradation in
Water and Soil Using Heme and Hydrogen Peroxide (SCI). Water Research. 33(17): 3657-3665.
Chen, Shyi-Tien, Joseph Dong, P. M. Berthouex, and W. C. Boyle. 2000. Fate of Pentachlorophenol (PCP) in an
Anaerobic Sludge Digester (SCI). Water Environment Research. 72(2): 201-206.
Chen, Shyi-Tien*, and P. M. Berthouex. 2001. Treating an Aged Pentachlorophenol- (PCP-) Contaminated Soilthrough Three Handling Processes- Anaerobic Sludge Digestion, Post-Sludge Digestion and Sludge Land
Application (SCI). Water Science and Technology. 44(10): 149-156.
Chen, Shyi-Tien*, and P. M. Berthouex. 2003. Use of an Anaerobic Sludge Digestion Process to Treat
Pentachlorophenol- (PCP-) Contaminated Soil (SCI). Journal of Environmental Engineering (ASCE).
129(12): 1112-1119.
Chen, Shyi-Tien*, C.-Y. Hsu, and P. M. Berthouex. 2006b. Fate and Modeling of Pentachlorophenol (PCP)
Degradation in a Laboratory-Scale Anaerobic Sludge Digester (SCI). Journal of Environmental
Engineering (ASCE). 132(7): 795-802. (Up to 2 pages)

13Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

The activity of KNCT on Down-flow Hanging Sponge reactor
Naoki Ikeda
naokiinmyroom@gmail.com
Department of civil engineering, Kisarazu Kosen
Teppei Natorinatoriteppei@gmail.com
Department of civil engineering, Kisarazu Kosen
Introduction
The down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor was originallyPump

developed for sewage treatment, which employs polyurethane

Pump

Pump

Pump

NaHCO3sponge media to retain microbial biomass. Wastewater is trickled
14.1mmas it flows down through the reactor. Because the sponge

2000mmmicroorganisms within and on the surface of the sponge medium

28.3mmfrom the top of the reactor, and is purified by the

20.0mmmedium of the DHS reactor is exposed to the atmosphere,
oxygen is naturally dissolved into the wastewater, obviating theneed for external aeration. Additionally, the sponge can retain alarge amount of sludge, greatly extending sludge retention time.
Therefore, cost-effective and high-rate wastewater treatment is

Artificial
wastewater
Cooling
unit
Substrate tank

1st

2nd

3rd

Fig.1 The DHS reactor used in this study

possible on DHS reactor.
Coke-plant wastewater is produced from the process of washing gas from the coke ovens used to produce coke forsteel production. This wastewater contains large amounts of ammonium nitrogen, phenol, thiosulfate, and cyanides,
as well as high salinity derived from the seawater. In Japan, coke-plant wastewater is usually treated using
conventional activated sludge systems. However, the activated sludge systems on treatment of this wastewaterrequire long hydraulic retention time (HRT) and extensive control of operational parameters.
On the other hand, we previously applied DHS reactor to artificial coke-oven wastewater in order to establish a
simple, novel, and cost-effective process for the treatment of saline wastewater. DHS reactor used in our study isshown in Fig. 1. As a result, we obtained 96.8% of ammonium oxidation rate and 99.6% of organic matter removal
rate. Interestingly, there were also two noteworthy phenomena. One of them was the decrease of total nitrogenconcentration in the effluent vs. that in the influent, suggesting that denitrifying bacteria converted NO3-N tonitrogen gas within the sponge media of the reactor. Therefore, the DHS reactor was suggested to have a possibilityof denitrification ability. The other was that nitrite accumulation in the effluent was observed during some period.
In general, ammonia is oxidized to nitrite (nitritation) by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and nitrite is further
oxidized to nitrate (nitratation) immediately by nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). We posited that salinity inhibited
NOB, leading to the nitrite accumulation i.e. nitritation. If a stable nitritation process can be established, acost-effective nitrogen removal wastewater treatment system could be developed such as anaerobic ammonium
14

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

Promotion of denitrification in the DHS reactor
In order to reduce nitrogen load of denitrification
processes after DHS process, we tried to promote thedenitrification ability in the DHS reactor by recirculationof 3rd unit (final effluent) including a large amount ofNOx to the influent. Artificial wastewater containing

Fraction of inorganic nitrogen(%)

oxidation (ANAMMOX) process. Based on these results, further two researches were conducted as follows.
■ NO3-N ■ NO2-N ■ NH4-N ■ Denitrification

100
80

60
40
20
0
0.5

0

(1400 mg-COD/L), 500 mg-N/L NH4Cl and 3600 mg/L

2.0

1.5

1.0

mineral and buffer solutions, as well as 600 mg/L phenol

Circulation rate

Fig.2 Fraction of the ratio of each IN of the effluence

NaHCO3 was prepared (HRT = 12 h, 20-25˚C).The recirculation ratio, i.e., the ratio of influent flow rate vs.
recirculation flow rate of the effluent, was adjusted in the range between 0 and 2.0 (R0, R0.5, R1.0, R1.5, and R2.0).
Fig. 2 shows the fractions of effluent NH4-N, NO2-N, and NO3-N vs. the influent NH4-N at each recirculation ratio.
The total amount of inorganic nitrogens in the final effluent showed a tendency to decrease with the increase of therecirculation ratio from R0 to R1.5, and then, it slightly increased at R2.0. Therefore, it can be concluded that
denitrification ability of the DHS reactor was promoted by recirculation of final effluent, and the optimal

We investigated the effect of salinity on nitritation in a
DHS reactor in this study. The DHS reactor was operated
by feeding an artificial wastewater containing 100
mg-N/L NH4Cl (HRT = 2 h, 20-25˚C) for more than 1400
days. The salinity of the influent was controlled byadding NaCl in the range of 0-25 g-Cl/L through theexperiment. Fig.3 shows the ratio of NH4-N, NO2-N, andConcentration (mg-N/L)

Stimulating Nitritation in DHS process

NaCl (g-Cl-/L)

recirculation ratio is R1.5.

30
20

10
0 -200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

Inf. NH4+-N

600

700

800

Eff. NH4+-N

900

1000

NO2--N

1100

1200

1300

NO3--N

100
80
60
40
20

0
-200

0

200

400
600
Time (day)

800

1000

1200

Fig.3 Each nitrogen concentration the effluence

NO3-N at each salinity condition. The nitrite in the effluent increased with the increment of salinity. i.e., the fractionof nitrite to the total nitrogen in the effluent increased from 1.6% at 0 g-Cl/L to 87.6% at 25 g-Cl/L. Fluorescence insitu hybridization analysis revealed that, as salinity increased, the nitrifying bacterial community in the DHS
changed remarkably at the species level. In particular, the dominant nitrite-oxidizing bacteria changed from
Nitrospira-sublineage I at 0 g-Cl/L to Nitrobacter spp. at 15 g-Cl/L. At 25 g-Cl/L, no nitrite-oxidizing bacteria weredetected. This succession of nitrifying bacterial community and inhibition of NOB by salinity stress might promote
nitritation in this study. The DHS reactor is suitable for cost-effective nitritation processes and that salinity control
using NaCl is an effective method for the purpose of inducing nitritation.

In conclusion, our research revealed that DHS reactor has a possibility of application to both conventional
nitrification-denitrification process and nitritation-ANAMMOX process in cost-effective way. Thus, our findings
show the promising ability of DHS process on nitrogen removal process.
15

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

Recycle of fly ash and sludge for producing value-added ceramic tileChen-Wei Tanenergy04e@yahoo.com.tw
Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering
Tz-Ting Wang
creak1221@hotmail.com
Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering
The total amount of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash in Taiwan was 1.93 x 105 T/Y in 2010.
Most of MSWI fly ashes failing TCLP (Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure) test, especially in heavy metal,
are identified as hazardous waste and treated by cement solidification and isolated landfill. Another waste, polishedporcelain tile (PPT) sludge generating from tile manufactories, was 5.0 x 104 T/Y and usually dumped because ofcontaining grindstone compounds such as SiC, Cl and S. In this study, we developed a novel method for recycling
detoxic MSWI fly ash and PPT sludge as lightweight tile. Firstly, MSWI fly ash and PPT sludge were pretreated bywater extraction and ultrasonic cavitation. Pretreated MSWI fly ash and PPT sludge at the ratio of 10%:90% werethen mixed, and an extra 10% and 20% SiO2 were added respectively for complementing the necessity of tile
constituents as shown in Fig.1. A consequent procedure for preparing green body of tile samples was as follows:ball milling, granulating, and compression moulding.

Fig. 1. Material preparation procedure

Fig. 2. Shrinkage measurement of lightweight tile

A wide firing temperature of 1,000–1,180 °C was tested and a proper temperature range of 1,120–1,180 °C was
employed for all lightweight tile samples. After firing, the performances of all samples including shrinkage, water
absorption, and bulk density were measured (Fig. 2–4) and evaluated. The results show that 20% extra-SiO2
samples presented more stable in tile shape and increasing firing temperature tended to decrease the bulk density of16

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan
tile, as seen in Fig. 5. Lightweight tiles with bulk density ranging from 1.75 to 1.10 g/cm3, lighter than ordinary tile,
were produced and the possibility of recycling fly ash and sludge to fabricate value-added lightweight ceramic tiles
was also verified.

Fig. 3. Bulk density of lightweight tile

Fig. 4. Water absorption of lightweight tile

Fig. 5. The lightweight ceramic tiles made by PPT, MSWI fly ash + 20% extra-SiO2.

References[1] Environmental Protection Administration, 2011, The statistics of incineration of municipal solid waste,
Executive Yuan, Taiwan.
[2] Bernardin A.M., Silva M.J.da, Riella H.G., 2006, Characterization of cellular ceramics made by porcelain tile
residues, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 437(2): 222–225.
[3] Rambaldi E., Esposito L., Tucci A., Timellini G., 2007, Recycling of polishing porcelain stoneware residues inceramic tiles, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 27(12): 3509–3515.

17

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

Study of UV irradiation effects in CR-39 plastics
for environmental radiometry
Yui Moriwaki
a0251@g.maizuru-ct.ac.jp
Electric and Control System Engineering Course, Maizuru Kosen
Ippei Ishikawa
ishikawa@maizuru-ct.ac.jp
Department of Control Engineering, Maizuru Kosen

Since the radiation leak in the Fukushima nuclear power plant, the environmental radiometry has been in great
demand as a means to preventing its damage. There are various types of radiation detectors, and each of them has
its advantages and disadvantages in measurement. Figure 1 shows the photograph of CR-39 which has often beenused as a solid-state nuclear detector recently. CR-39 is an allyl diethylene glycol carbonete (called ADC) which isa kind of optical plastics and also exhibits good properties for radiation measurements. It is compact in size andthey have no power supply structure that is influenced by rain and various dusts. Therefore it is suitable forenvironmental dosimetry1). Figure 2 shows the micrograph of CR-39 surface irradiated with the environmental
radiations from the ground. However, there are still some problems. For example, it takes time for analysis by hand.
Another disadvantage is its expensiveness though the high-speed analysis microscope is developed at an extra cost.
Therefore the keys to practical realization in CR-39 are fast analysis and price reduction. It has been reported thatthe track etch rate increased when CR-39 detectors were exposed to ultraviolet rays (called UV)2). It has been
expected that UV irradiation on CR-39 has application potentiality. However, up till now, relatively few studies
have been reported on the effect of UV irradiation on CR-39. Therefore the application of this method has
possibilities to cut down analysis time. In the present work, we investigated the effects of UV on CR-39.

20 μm

Figure 1: Photograph of CR-39 plastics.

Figure 2: The typical micrograph due to theenvironmental radiations.

Figure 3 shows the alpha track generation theory. When heavy charged particles pass through solid insulator(e.g.,CR-39), if energy added to solid insulator exceeds a constant level, it leaves the alpha tracks in the solid
insulator. Their tracks are expanded to detectable level with the optical microscope by chemical etching because
18Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan
they are too small to see with the naked eye. While etching, the solid insulator surface without the tracks isremoved by VB, and the tracks are removed by VT. There is a difference in etching progress between VT and VB
because VT is faster than VB. The track expanded by this difference is called ―etch pit‖. Detecting the size and formof etch pits, it is possible to obtain some data about the radiations.
After etching

Before etchingFirst CR-39 surface

VB t

First CR-39 surface

Etched CR-39 surface

VT t

An alpha track

Etch pit

Figure 3: Etch pit generation theory.

The experimental conditions of the various samples of CR-39 were varied for comparison. Firstly, theexperiment on the effect of UV wavelength on CR-39 was done. The samples of CR-39 were divided into twogroups. One group was irradiated with 254 nm during UV irradiation, while the other was irradiated with 365 nm.
Secondly, the experiment in the effect of UV dose rate on CR-39 was done. UV exposure time (called TUV) varied
from 10 to 100 h in the UV irradiation process for comparison. We also did some experiments. At the result of theseexperiments, the optimum TUV condition was observed. The area ratio between the etch pit not exposed UV and theetch pit exposed UV for 20 h is up to 16 (refer to Figure 4).

20 μm

20 μm

(a) Image of the etch pit not exposed UV.

(b) Image of the etch pit exposed UV for 20 h.

Figure 4: Change of the etch pit area by UV irradiation.
UV irradiation on CR-39 is counted on the advancement of α-ray detection efficiency and the accuracy because
the etch pits are expanded more by it. Additionally it has possibilities for the application of the analysis automation.

References
1) Shang Binga, CR-39 radon detector, Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, 22 Issues 1-4, 451-454(1993).
2) K.C.C.Tse et al., Effect of UVC irradiation on alpha-particle track parameters in CR-39, Radiation
Measurements, 43, S98-S101 (2008).
19

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

The examination of vegetation on trees species and road landscape shape

Lin Wen-Sheng
a44771714@yahoo.com.tw
Chung Chou University of Science and Technology
Lin Ki-Lunghendry5437@hotmail.com
Chung Chou University of Science and Technology
Chen Chiou-Chyuan (corresponding Author)
land530308@yahoo.com.tw
land530308@dragon.ccut.edu.tw
Chung Chou University of Science and Technology

21st Century is the important moment for the government proceeds to Green turn of city and Ecocity. In
metropolitan space arrangement, to build the Green bring of tree crown layer of street tree to be a target, fromindividual, community, roadway, green land of park and official vegetation planting, making the country becomes atechnology island of ecocity to be the same expect of the whole people in the county.
Before the vegetation, there are some factors to be consider for species planting: (1) Planting objective,
landscape creating and roadway safety. (2) The right place and the right variety & Agrestic plant. (3) Vegetation
looks and functions (4) Vegetation grow habits. (5) Vegetation arrangement ; thinks over species selection, knows
grow areas of plants, habits and features in diversities, to make the right palce and the right variety, and to makevegetation to bring the most effect of landscape environment.
Street trees play important roles of the landscape environment in the city, it can not only improve the living
quality but also improve visual landscape; therefore, species selection will lead the possibility of creating of thefollow-up street landscape. The Street landscape creating of green tunnel buildling, season colors changing ( shedleaves and show a flower), additional value (fruit tree species), biotic diversity and functional or public art and lightgallery…etc.

Figure 1: Street landscape--Tabebuia chrysantha
20Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

Figure 2: Street landscape-- Prunus campanula ta

1

1

.

.

3

3

Figure 3: Street landscape—1. Tabebuia pentaphylla

32. Chorisia speciosa 3. Bauhinia × blakeana

Figure 4: Street landscape—Local folk features

Keyword: Species select，Ecocity，Landscape environment，Road landscape212Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

A Site Evaluation Method and Questionnaire Survey
concerning Geothermal Power Plant Construction
Ryuji Matsuoka
matsuoka_3c36@yahoo.co.jp
Kazutomo Matsushita
kazutomo_0704@yahoo.co.jp
Department of Civil Engineering,
Kagawa National College of Technology

1. Introduction
Today, the introduction of 100-percent domestic energy is proceeded in response to the serious problem ofenergy drying-up in Japan. Especially, the deposit of geothermal resources in Japan is ranked the third-highest in
the world, and the future development is expected. However, subjects are left to be solved: promising areas areincluded in the statute designated area, hot spring use, and the cohabitation with local citizens. Therefore, the new
geothermal power plants have not been built since 1999. The consistent valuation basis for geothermal power plants
has not been established. While considering environmental preservation, establishment of the new method about
the environmental impact assessment is demanded in order to perform better development.
In this study, the evaluation of site suitability method of the geothermal power plant which uses AHP and
GIS was proposed for the purpose of the future promotion of geothermal power plants. And the local citizens’
opinions and ideas about the geothermal heat were investigated by the questionnaire using CVM.

2. Examination method
2.1 The Proposal of a Evaluation of Site Suitability Method
In this study, the evaluation method of calculating the weight ofDetermination of the evaluation region

evaluation items by using AHP, and of visualizing them in GIS was

Selection of the evaluation items

proposed (Figure 1). The 13 evaluation items were selected from the

Calculation of the weight by AHP

geothermal development promotion investigation report of NEDO

Creation of GIS data and Overlay analysis(New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization).
Visualizing the weight by using GIS

This study checks whether the result of AHP could use widely to
GIS data, and examines the evaluation of site suitability about anexisting geothermal power plants by visualizing the weight using themesh by GIS.

2.2 Attitude Survey of Local Residents

Analysis, Evaluation,
Extraction of a promising area

Figure 1: The flow of the evaluation
method to propose

Citizens of promising area of geothermal heat and non-geothermal heat were questioned about geothermal
plants. The residents are from Oguni, Aso, Kumamoto prefecture; and from Kokonoe, Kusu, Oita prefecture.
Questionnaire items are as follows: questions relevant to the knowledge of energy and electric generation,and those relevant to the social value of the geothermal plant and to personal information of answerers. Questions
relevant to the social value of the geothermal plant are valued with CVM.
22

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

3. Results
The result of having calculated weight by AHP was
611.4 degrees when the difficult conditions of site werecombined, whereas it was 122.4 degrees in the case of
combining the possible conditions of site. Moreover, bothnatural treasure and cultural assets became the mostimportant items.
Therefore, 2 places exceed 300 degrees in Figure 2.
However, they were less than half of 611.4 degrees, theweight in the case of combining the difficult conditions ofsite. It is, thus, possible to build geothermal power plants in

Figure 2: The example of weight distribution

all these sites including two places mentioned above.
Questionnaire survey started on Jul. 21, 2011 and picked 1,000 residents randomly from each area. Since
questionnaire was posted, the collection rate was 28% as of Nov. 24, 2011.
As for questions relevant to ecology activities, 95% residents of promising area of geothermal heat and about
99% of promising area of non-geothermal heat practice ecology activities. This result is due to the mass media thathas reported global warming and other environmental problems, which increased the public awareness of ecology.
The result of the question relevant to the social value of the geothermal plant is estimated willingness to pay,in each area (WTA) using CVM. WTA was calculated by Weibull distribution, which was equal to median. The
social value of the geothermal plant is calculated by Equation (1). The result is shown in Table 1. Since
investigation cost and construction cost can cover by taxes, the geothermal plants are socially valuable.
WTA × the limited number of households that 20,000 kW of the geothermal plant can supply electricity= the social value of the geothermal plant ・・・ (1)Table 1: The social value of the geothermal power plant
area

WTA
(yen/ household)the limited number of households that 20,000 kW of
the geothermal plant can supply electricity (hous]ehold)promising area about geothermal heatpromising area about non-geothermal heat

12,70011,80033,30033,300the social value of the geothermal plant(billion yen)
0.42
0.39

4. Conclusion
This study proposed the evaluation of site suitability method of the geothermal power plant which used AHP
and GIS. It became clear that the weight of the standard that the geothermal power plant can be built was from 200
to 250 degrees by making weight distribution. Therefore, it was checked that the evaluation of site suitability by the
proposed method is possible.
The attitude survey on the cohabitation of plant developer and local residents including hot spring traders has been
done by the questionnaire. Proposed estimation method is effective in the introduction of geothermal power plant.
Therefore, from the disastrous accident of the nuclear power plant by the East Japan great earthquake on Mar.
11, 2011 and our growing attention to exploitation of renewable energy, this study will serve as the promotion of
the geothermal power plant.
23

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

Use of beetles in treating TFT-LCD wasted sludge

Chou Bo-Xuan
u9513095@nkfust.edu.tw
Department of safety Health and Environmental
Engineering
Chen Hong-Chunu9713018@ccms.nkfust.edu.tw
Department of safety Health and Environmental
Engineering

Biosolids generated from a TFT-LCD wastewater treatment plant were further processed and treated by beetles. The
treated biosolids contained trace amount of some regulated heavy metals, and were proposed to be used as a soil
conditioner and/or fertilizer.
Biosolids production from the wastewater treatment plant of the TFT-LCD manufacturing sector increases over time.
Currently the generated biosolids are treated either by landfill or by combustion, which either needs needs more land
space or costs additional energy to process. Limited success was reported by using worms treating domestic biosolids,
and others for reusing biosolids in different means. Here, we studied the potential use of various kinds of beetles indigesting and transforming the biosolids so that the further application of the treated biosolids could have rather
environment-friendly usages.
By mixing the TFT-LCD wastewater resulted biosolids and cellulose-type substrate at 2:1 ~ 5:1 ratio, the mixedmaterial could be consumed by various species of beetles. The Oryctes rhinoceros appeared to have highest FTR andfeces production, showed no abnormal effect, and is deemed as the most feasible species in handling the TFT-LCD
biosolids. Some heavy metals were detected, yet after the beetle consumption the heavy metal content in the feces
reduced by one half, which indicated that ~50% of the heavy metals were adsorbed by beetles without releasing to theenvironment. However, a material balance study of the metals in the system is suggested. The treated biosolids equippedwith certain fertilizer value and showed a better result in growing plants. No significant amounts of heavy metals weredetected in plants. A large scale of test is preferred to further demonstrate the applicability of treating TFT-LCD

24

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan
biosolids using beetles.

References
1-Hendrickx, T.L.G., H. Temmink, H.J.H. Elissen, and C.J.N. Buisman. Aquatic worms eating waste sludge in acontinuous system. Bioresource Technology. 100: 4642-4648. (2009).
2-Zhao, Limin, Yayi Wang, Jian Yang, Meiyan Xing, Xiaowei Li, Danghao Yi, and Dehan Deng. Earthworm–
microorganism interactions: A strategy to stabilize domestic wastewater sludge. water Research. 44: 2572-2582.
(2010).
3-Hospido, Almudena, Marta Carballa, Maite Moreira, Francisco Omil, Juan M. Lema, and Gumersindo Feijoo.
Environmental assessment of anaerobically digested sludge reuse in agriculture: Potential impacts of emerging
micropollutants. water research. 44: 3225-3233. (2010).
4-Tchobanoglous, Georage, Franklin L. Burton, and H. David Stensel. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse.
New York, McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1848. (2002).
5-Yang, Xiaoyi, Xin Wang, and Lei Wang. Transferring of components and energy output in industrial sewage sludge
disposal by thermal pretreatment and two-phase anaerobic process. Bioresource Technology. 101: 2580-2584.
(2010).

25

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

Endeavor to improve tributary stream environments
by the Floating Island with Wood Piles (FIWP)
Tsubasa Naganuma
pokotyohu@gmail.com
Department of Civil engineering, Kisarazu Kosen

There are a lot of concrete channels in Japan. Many organisms dislike such channels. If there are "resource" and"assumption" which are for them, it is easy for many organisms to live. Floating islands generally give "resource"
and wood piles give "assumption" by which to change the flow rate. Consequently, this study suggests floatingisland with wood piles which have both advantage and hopeful to restore tributary stream environment, simply andinexpensively. In this instance I’ll discuss the difference of flow rate between before Floating Island is installed andafter it.

1. Introduction
In the concreted tributary rivers in Japan, a good deal of river water can be directed. In contrast, the rivers lost
habitat growing environment and impaired scenery. The surveyed river of this study is one such river. Insertingwood piles in the river is efficient to make the cay and ebb water route out of the anamnestic study. On the other
hand, the artificial floating island is suspended the lake and the pond and creates the function of habitat andgrowing environment, water purification and landscape improvement. This study’s purpose is to develop Floating
Islands with Wood piles (FIWP) which have the advantages of both floating island and wood piles and to inspect its
effects.

2. Material and Method
2.1 The surveyed river
The surveyed river of this study is The Takeda River in southern Chiba prefecture which has a total stream lengthof about 15km and a basin area of 16.7km2. The investigation site is around the Machihara Bridge which is in the
headwaters 4km from river confluence. The surveyed zone is 65m in length. The average water depth is 0.3m. The
average river width is 3.6m. The average flow velocity is 0.41 m3/s. And the gradient of water surface is 1/1700.
The river had already had river improvement by concretes. We decided the installation location is in P6’
downstream of the right bank.
2.2 FIWPWe developed FIWP by using materials that are inexpensive and easy to get because this study aims to be able to
make it available to everyone. Refer to Figure 1 for the detailed dimensions. The method of anchorage was to makea connection between FIWP with reinforcing bar which was driven into river bed and fastened nylon rope.
2.3 Investigation summary
In this study, we compared stream regimes before the FIWP was installed and after it and we measured if the26

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan
environment was restored. We measured ecological environment which can separate resource and assumption.
Especially, we measured if the flow velocity included in the assumption was improved.

3. Result
3.1 Function of spur dike
Figure 2 and 3 are the iso flow velocity line before FIWP was installed and after it. Previously, the line of flow was
not definite and the flow was smoothing. However, Afterward, the line of flow becomes definite and scour power
works more effectively. Furthermore, flow near the FIWP’ slowed. Therefore, depositional work functions
efficiently in the vicinity of P6+2m. Actually, the materials of the river bed have changed silt into gravel.
Considering the circumstances mentioned above, it suggeststhat the smooth river bed changed into a primary river thathas riffle, pool and water route.
3.2

Thickness appearance of P.japonica

Roots made an appearance from the intake port of FIWP.
Therefore, it is favorable to cleaning water. Additionally, we
encourage also many insects to live in FIWP. Thus, there isan active field to live and grow.

REFERENCES[1]Kazuki Abukawa, Masaki Ohki and Yuuya Udeki 2000.小河川における水辺空間の創出について，第 34 回土木学会関東支部技術研究発表会講演概要集，Ⅱ-32[2]Keigo Nakamura and Yukihiro Shimatani：人工浮島技術の現状とその機能，PWRI

Figure 1: Detailed dimensions

Figure 2: Before installation

Figure 3: Soon after installation- 27 -

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

Extraction of lipids from Euglena using underwater shock wave
Chihiro KISHABA
ac104802@edu.okinawa-ct.ac.jp
Advanced Course Creative Engineering
Bio Resource Engineering Major
Okinawa Kosen
Yasutomo TAMAKI
tamaki@okinawa-ct.ac.jp
Department of Bio Resource Engineering
Okinawa Kosen

Abstract
As alternative petroleum, Biofuels from algae is attracted attention. Because Algae cultivation does not competewith food productions and the biofuels productivity are much greater than those of higher plants. In order to spread
algal biofuels, we must make an effort of cost cutting. There are several possible solutions for cost cutting. For
example, the optimization of culturing methods, exploration of the strain to produce more lipids, effective
destruction of algal' cells. Generally the cell destruction uses ultrasonic disruptors. In this study, we used a new
method which is the Underwater Shock Wave (USW) for the Euglena’ cells destruction. USW is an impact wave
generated from high electric potential in the water, followed by the destruction of the cells of the target materials.
The Euglena is a type of algae. We compare the amount of extracted lipids resulted from the USW and the one
from the ultrasonic disruptors method. As a result the amount of lipids extracted from the USW and the one
extracted from the ultrasonic disruptors’ method were respectively 1.8 times and 1.3 times the amount of lipids wehave without proceeding to any experiment. In conclusion, we see that the amount of lipids extracted after the
USW is greater than the one extracted after the ultrasonic disruptors’ method.

Shock wave

Water

Euglena cells
Container
ElectrodeFigure 1 Underwater shock wave generator

Photograph 1 Euglena

References[1]U.S.Department of Energy, 2010, National algal bio fuels Technology Roadmap, chapter 1[2]H. Sakamoto, S. Kawabe, S. Itoh, 2010, High-speed behavior of glass bottles when using underwater shockwaves, WIT Transactions on the Built Environment, 98, 293-299.

- 28 -

Part II
WelfareProceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

Brain Functional Signal Analysis using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Ikusaburo KURIMOTO
kurimoto@j.kisarazu.ac.jp
Department of Information and Computer
Engineering, Kisarazu National College ofTechnology

1. NIRS Signal Analysis using Variance Plot for Auditory Selective Attention
We proposed a separation method for the optical pathlength influence by the variance plot analysis using thevariance of the sample mean to NIRS(Near-infrared Spectroscopy) time series signal[2][3]. As a validation example,
we conducted the variance plot analysis on the auditory selective attention by 10 subjects of normal adult males. As
a result, in 8 subjects out of 10 subjects for the auditory area on the left side and 7 subjects out of 10 subjects on theright side for auditory area, channels corresponded which are activated concentrating on listening to music.

Fig.1 Variance plot analysis on auditory selective attention activated concentrating on listening
to music and lecture.

2. NIRS Signal Analysis using Variogram for Subtraction Method
Recently, We proposed a separation method for the optical pathlength influence using the moving variogram
analysis to NIRS time series signal[4]. As a validation example, we conducted the variogram analysis on thesubtraction borrowing and without borrowing by 4 subjects of normal adult males. As a result, in 4 subjects out of 4
subjects for the interparietal sulcus on the left cereberum were activated by the subtraction borrowing.

Fig.2 Brain color map of α value(subject:KA) using variogram against channels of OxyHb NIRS data for thesubtraction borrowing of two digits(e.g. 16-8, 18-9, 10-5) and without borrowing of one digit(e.g. 5-3, 7-2, 8-5).
- 30 -

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan
3. See-through Brain Observation Display
We have been developing see-through brain observation display for NIRS measurement[1][5]. It reconstructed
the stereoscopic images from the MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imaging) DICOM(Digital Imaging andCommunication in Medicine) data of the T2 method. These images displayed on 7.1-inch liquid crystal display toleft and right eye. As a result of verifying for 50 subjects, the stereoscopic vision of the brain was possible to all
people.

Fig.3 See-through brain observation display for NIRS measurement.

References[1] S.Yamamoto, I.Kurimoto, H.Furumoto, S.Tachi, “Developmet of See-through Brain Observation

Display,” Journal of The Japan Association for College of Technology, Vol.13, No.2, pp.57-62, 2008.
[2] T.Takumi, I.Kurimoto, M.Nakagawa, “Interractive Brain Functional Analyzer for Nearly Infrared
Spectroscopy,” Journal of The Japan Association for College of Technology, Vol.13, No.2，pp63-68, 2008.
[3] I.Kurimoto, N.Kawakami, S.Tachi, “NIRS signal Analysis using Variance Plot for Auditory Selective Attention,”Transactions of The Virtual Reality Society of Japan, Vol.14, No.3, pp.371-380, 2009.

[4] Y.Yoshida, I.Kurimoto, S.Tachi, “Development and Evaluation of Portable See-Through Type
Stereoscopic Observation Display,” Journal of the Japan Association for College of Technology, Vol.16, No. 3,
pp.85-90, 2011.

- 31 -

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

Lumbar Motion Trace on the Walking with Loading a Backpack
Kyotaro Kikuchi
housekikuchi@gmail.com
Department of Mechanical Engineering, KNCT
Takaharu Kuroda and Tomoharu Kaeriyamai
Department of Mechanical Engineering, KNCTWe usually use backpack when we go mountaineering or hiking. When we pack the baggage in backpack, it issaid that putting heavy thing in high position will reduce fatigue, because burden on lumber and swing of backpack
will reduce. However, we have just a few research of the effect on walking or lumber in carrying backpack. In thisresearch, we consider the effect on lumber motion while walking by wearing backpack and changing center gravity
position of backpack We use wireless three-dimensional accelerometer to measure lumber motion. Walking
places are in level ground and steps.
Center gravity of human is in the little front of sacrum. Center gravity of a man is in the 56% of the heightfrom his feet [1]. We can find out the position of sacrum easier than vertebra No.4 representing lumber, so we put
accelerometer behind on the sacrum. Figure 1 shows a configuration of a measurement system. While walking,the signals of three-dimensional acceleration will be sent from the sensor unit wirelessly to the control unit, andthe signals will transfer to a PC finally. Figure 2 shows the backpack we used in the experiment. The load used in
the experiment is a sandbag weight of 5kg, height of 100mm. The weight of the backpack with no load is 0.5kg, ant
the height of that is 400mm. We use polystyrene board to adjust height. Polystyrene boards are 0.2kg in total. We
use 11 polystyrene boards to adjust the height of the load.
Additional load
PC

Sensor unit

400mm

Control unit

Fig.1 Measurement system configuration

Fig.2 Backpack used in the experiment

In the experiments at level ground, a subject person walks for 20m and collect the data of ten steps in the
middle of stable region. Figure 3 shows a place of stair walking experiment. One step is 180 mm high and 300 mm
deep, each subject person walks from point A, level ground, up 10 steps, level ground to point B and goes back topoint A.
- 32 -

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan
Figure 4,5 shows typical lumber motion ofchanging load position and walking stairs.

180

Figure 4 shows lumber motion trace comparison ofchanging the load position when walking level ground.

285

1800

The blue line is motion trace with no load, theyellow-green is motion trace with load in highposition, red is motion trace with load in low position.
When walking with carrying a backpack and the load

1670

2565

1600

is in high position, horizontal motion was smaller
1600

than walking with no load. When the load is in the
low position. Vertical motion is bigger than walking

Fig.3 The place of stair walking

in no load.
Figure 5 shows the result of the comparison oflumbar motion walking between level ground and stair with no load. Blue is motion trace in walking in levelground, yellow-green is motion trace in walking upstairs, red is motion trace in walking downstairs. When walking
upstairs, horizontal motion of lumber is bigger than walking on level ground. In upstairs, there is a big value inhorizontal motion of lumber, and the time when foot on the ground is longer than other walking.
Flat

1.5

Up

Down

4
3

1

2

0.5

1

0
-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

0

-0.5

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

-1

-1

None

-1.5
High

-2

Low

-3

Fig.4 The loading differences on flat walking

Fig.5 Comparison of the load in stair walking

In the experiments walking with carrying backpack on stair, there is no significant difference in vertical or
horizontal motion as walking with no load and load position. But there is a trend that horizontal motion of lumber
with lower place of backpack is bigger then walking with no load or load in high place.
In those experiments, we know the lumber movement is smaller when the load is in the high position, and cansave energy. I think when the load is in the high position, center gravity of backpack get close to shoulder that
support the weight of back pack, and that reduce the backpack to swing and stables the walk.

References[1] Hiroshi Saito, Ryuichi Nakamura; basic kinematics, Ishiyaku publication(2000), p332, p361-366- 33 -

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

The Study of the Welfare Needs and the Physical Conditionof the elderly care sector in Miaoli County
Shu JenTomhakka@gmail.com
Institute of Economics and Social Studies
Hsien Chih Hsu
goesguso@hotmail.com
Institute of Economics and Social Studies

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore long-term care institutions for the elderly health, activities of dailyliving and living needs of the research in Hakka City. Mining quantitative research questionnaire designed tosimple mental status questionnaire (Short Portable Mental State Questionnaire, short SPMSQ) first selected toaccess the object, a total of 31 elderly were studied. Another way to interview 18 interview the elderly, social
workers, 3, and director of a hospital district.Research tools for the reference to other researchers of thequestionnaires from the proposed "health self-assessment," and "activities of daily living ADL", "instrumental
activities of daily living IADL" and "needs of life questionnaire for the elderly.Obtained the data to SPSS 12.0
version software package for statistical analysis. In the ADL, the average score of 80.32 points, an average of ADL
difficulties for the elderly project 3. 38.7% of them have no difficulty in the study of the project is completely
independent of the elderly. The most difficult items for the bath, accounting for 58.1%. This was followed by the
option to get out of bed and up and down stairs, accounting for 41.9%. In the IADL, the average score of 10.48
points, each an average of IADL difficulties in project 2.29. 38.7% of subjects have no difficulty in the project.
Which were fully accounted for 41.9% of single elderly people, the most difficult items for the use of phones
accounted for 48.3%. This was followed by financial management, shopping, transportation options accounted for
29.0%. Demand for welfare measures for the elderly in eight projects, the answer is not needed for the majority,
accounting for about 60% or so. With the highest scores for economic benefits 64 points, followed by health care
62 points , the third for psychological counseling with a score of 55 points. The use of social welfare services, theelderly Status of 20 projects, into the housing for the elderly welfare agencies with the highest scores of 61 points,
followed by respect for the elderly living allowance being 32 points, the third for the elderly free health checks, ascore of 23 points. Currently accommodated in long-term care institutions for the elderly in terms of health by thechi-square test revealed that the result of "gender", "origin", "use language", "religion", "having children" and "staylong-term care institutions for years," The differences were significantly different. Currently accommodated inlong-term care institutions for the elderly in their daily life functions, t-statistical test and one-way ANOVA analysis
found that because of "gender", "marital status", "having children" and "social welfare status" there were significant
differences differences. Currently accommodated in long-term care institutions for the elderly needs in life,t-statistical test and one-way ANOVA analysis found that because of "educational attainment", "social welfare- 34 -

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan
status" of the differences were significantly different. The regression analysis found that the gender virtual variable
activities of daily living for the elderly predictive power to achieve significant multiple correlation coefficient of
0.575, the coefficient of determination of 0.330, showing that the gender variable can explain the variance in
activities of daily living for the elderly was 33%. The results of this study will help nurses, social workers andlong-term care facility staff are aware of the long-term care facilities for the elderly's health, activities of dailyliving and living needs, as health care professionals and the Government to formulate a basis of social welfare
policy.

Key words: elderly health, activities of daily living, needs

References
Cambois, E. & Robine, F. （1996）.An international comparison of trends in disability-free life expectancy.In Eisen,
R.A. & Sloan, F.A.（Eds.）,Long-term care:Economic issues and poicy solutions. Boston:Kluwer Academic
Publishers.
Carey, Elise C. Covinsky, Kenneth E. Lui, Li-Yung MA, Eng, Catherine, Sands, Laura P. Walter, Louise C.,2008,“Prediction of Mortality in Community-Living Frail Elderly People with Long-Term Care Needs.” Journal of
the American Geriatrics Society. 56(1):68-75.
Cavan,R.,Burgess.,Havighurst,R.J.＆Goldnammer,H.，1949.Personal adjustment in old age.Chicago：Science
Research Associates.
Cumming, E.&Henry, W.E. (1961). Growing old: the process of disengagement. New York: Basic Books.
Farran,C.J.（2002）,Family caregivers：A critical resource in today’s changing health-zare climate.Excellence inClinical Practive,3（3）,1-3.
Franklin, L. L., Ternestedt, B. M., & Nordenfelt, L. (2006). Views on diginity of elderly nursing home residents.
Nursing Ethics, 13(2), 130－146.
Gill, T. M., Allore, H. G., & Han, L. (2006). Bathing disability and the risk of long-term admission to a nursing
home.Journals of Gerontology Series A-Biological Sciences & Medical Sciences, 61(8), 821－825.
McCraken, A.（1987）.Emotional impact of possession loss.Journal of Gerontological Nursing,13（2）:14-19.
Mikhail,M.L.,（1992）.Psychological responses to relocation to a nursing home. Journal of GerotologicalNursing,18（3）:35-39.

- 35 -

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

Evaluation of the operability of a joystick mouse by motion measurement
Gushiken Sho
ac104606@edu.okinawa-ct.ac.jp
Department of Electronic and communication
systems engineering, Okinawa Kosen
1．Overview
In recent years, engineering efforts have been made to support the communication of physicallydisabled children, such as the development of e-AT(electronic-and-information-technology-based
Assistive Technology) equipment as a class aide in special schools for physically disabled children. As
part of these ongoing efforts, the authors are developing a joystick mouse to assist the computer useof physically disabled children. When a conventional joystick mouse is used, mouse cursor has its
movements restricted to just eight directions: up/down/left/right, and diagonal movements.
This research aims to improve the operability of such a joystick mouse, and investigates how
increasing the number of possible movement directions of the mouse cursor may improve its
operability.
2．Development of the Joystick Mouse
Figure 1 shows the joystick mouse developed for this experiment. The joystick mouse has threecomponents: the joystick that is operated for the mouse cursor movement, the buttons that areoperated for the mouse clicks, and the control box. When joystick was inclined, in the coordinate
system of figure 2, the angle of the joystick incline with respect to the X-axis is expressed as x [deg],
while the angle with respect to the Y-axis is y [deg]. The joystick mouse judges the course that
inclined of the joystick from the direction of vector v which shown in Figures 2.
Incline along Y-axis [deg]Control(x, y)
v(0, 0)
Buttons
Joystick
Figure 1：Joystick mouse

Incline along
X-axis[deg]Figure 2：Angle of joystick incline on a Cartesian coordinate system

3．Evaluation of the Operability of the Joystick Mouse by Motion Measurement
Experiments are conducted to assess the operability of the joystick mouse under the conditions
where the number of possible directions of movement of the mouse cursor is 8, 16, and 32, as shownin Figures 3. The test subject is a physically disabled child (male, 10-year-old) suffering fromparalysis in the upper limbs and involuntary movements. The joystick and the buttons are set in alocation specified by the test subject, while the image shown in Figure 4 is displayed on the computer- 36 -

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan
screen. We give the subject a task which is to move mouse cursor from point ① to point ⑤ on theimage ( Figure 4 ) by operating the joystick mouse. The required time to complete the task ismeasured, as an indicator of operability. The moving distances of the back of the hand, wrist, elbow,
and shoulder of the test subject are also measured, using an optical motion-capturing device, as
indicators of the degree of upper-limb movement.
Y
Y

Y

⑤
X

X

④

X

①
(a) 8-way case(b) 16-way case③②(c) 32-way case

Figure 3：Possible directions of movement of the mouse cursor

Figure 4：Image used

The trajectories of the mouse cursor are shown in Figure 5, and the moving distances of the upper
limb are graphed in Figure 6. Figures 5 and 6 show that the required time and the moving distanceof the upper limb are shorter for the 8-way case compared to those for the 16-way case. Furthermore,
the trajectory of the mouse cursor is relatively smoother for the 8-way case. From these results, we
infer that smooth operation is done in the 8-way case, and increasing the number of possible
directions that the mouse cursor can move does not improve its operability.
We considered the following factors to this result. Figure 5 shows that, compared to the 8-way case,the 16-way and 32-way cases do not have a clearly defined direction of movement. This observationsuggests that erroneous operation increases

because a condition that cursor can move in many

directions is easily affected by the quiver of the fingertips caused by involuntary movements.

(a) 8-way case(b) 16-way case

20
15
0
10
0
05
0
0

(c) 32-way case

Figure 5：Trajectory of the mouse cursor

8-way

16-way32-wayBack ofhand Wrist Elbow Shoulder

Figure 6： Moving distance of the upper limb [cm]4．SummaryIn this work, we sought to improve the operability of a joystick mouse, and to this end, weinvestigated the effectiveness of increasing the number of movement directions of the mouse cursor.
The results indicated that increasing the number of possible cursor movements does not directly
improve the operability of the mouse, because a cursor that can move in many directions is easily
affected by the quivering of the fingertips caused by involuntary movements.

- 37 -

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

Report on the damage from the Great East Japan Earthquake and volunteering
Takeru Donomae
yamanchu.mtb@gmail.com
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Kisarazu National College of Technology

1. Outline of Disaster
The Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE for short) had begun at 14:46:18 on March 11, 2011 (JST), and had
caused the tsunami of 15 m height at highest, which had attached coast area faced on the Pacific, not only of Japanbut also of Indonesia. Still now after eight months passed, there remain heavy issues: reconstruction from thetsunami damages, and pollution by the nuclear reactor plants in Fukushima Prefecture, etc.

2. Comparison of damages with another recent earthquake
The Great Kanto Earthquake (September 1, 1923) and
the Great Hanshin Awaji Earthquake (January 17, 1995)

Table 1: Comparison of two recent eqarthquakes(GHAE for short) are the most remarkable disaster in
Date

Japan before GEJE. Here we describe the feature of

Energy of Earthquake

damages by GEJE in comparison with GHAE. The

Moment Magnitude

comparison is summarized in Table 1. There are someStrength of Earthquake

remarkable points:(i)

The number of injured at GEJE is less than one at

in JMA scale

GEJE

GHAE

1995/1/17

2011/3/11

7.3

9

7

7
Iwate,

GHAE while the number of dead at GEJE is greater
Damaged Prefecture

than one at GHAE.
(ii)

Miyagi,
Fukushima

The number of missing persons at GEJE is quite
Number of Dead

6,434

15,839Number of Missing

3

3,647

Number of Injured

43,773

5,950

Maximum Refugees>310000>400000

spite of large difference in the moment magnitude.

Damaged houses

249,180

309,966

The ratio of damaged land area at GEJE to GHAE

Total financial damage/

10^13/

2×10^13/

State budget [JPY]7×10^138.5×10^13

greater than one at GHAE.
(iii) The ratio of the total financial damage to the statebudget increased twice from GHAE.
(iv) Earthquake intensities in JMA scale are same in

(v)

Hyogo

is estimated to be 5 at least. On the other hand,
the maximum number of the refugees at GEJE is

Other Issue

about 1.3 time of GHAE.

Nuclear
Plants(vi) Nuclear Reactor Plants
The location of the epicenter and tsunami reads the differences between them. For GHAE, the epicenter is locatedat the city area and caused many refugees while, for GEJE, the epicenter is located in the sea are, caused tsunami.
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Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

3. Volunteering
The number of volunteers is about 300,000 in total. The activities contain removal of rubble by tsunami, removalof sand and soil from houses damaged by tsunami, and transportation of goods. Volunteers include every kind of
medical specialists. The author had also volunteered for totally a month as a temporary member of Japan Red Cross.
Namely, the activity ranged over-packing of blankets for the damaged area (two days after the first shock),-packing of goods for the damaged are ( 3weeks after the first shock),-removal of rubble, sand and soil from houses, and other administrative working.

4. Personal observation and impression by volunteering
The most impressive fact is that the local medical staff or the local specialists for welfare, who were also damaged,
worked for other damaged people. A female volunteer talked “my house was lost, my mother and father were lost,and my friends so”, but devoted herself to helping other someone with a bright smile continuously. A hospital staff
had kept to work for some weeks without going home because he thought medicine must not stop.
Removal of rubble, sand and soil was also hard. Atmosphere smelled sludge, the air temperature was low. Namely
the condition was very bad. As it tends to warm, sludge were drying, and so stirred up. It was bad for health ofvolunteers.

5. Conclusion
The damaged area by GEJE is very wide. Therefore, it was difficult to provide accommodation for volunteers.
Planning of volunteering and its organization are also important as well as volunteering itself.

Photography 1: Inside a house

Photography 2: Assembly of volunteers- 39 -

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

Study on takeover support of visual information for special-needs school student
Shuhei Takara
ac114603@edu.okinawa-ct.ac.jp
Electronic Communication System engineering course,
Okinawa Kosen

1. Introduction
In the field of the special schools for physically handicapped children, the grasp is important with thefield of vision of the child. According to Saito and Osaki (2008), physically disabled child is considered often
have also a visual impediment (1), it is essential to offer educational assistance to student that to know the status of
theirs. However, the visual actual conditions differ by every student, and since there is a student for whom it isdifficult to take communication, the teacher is teaching by grasping each range and state of a student view withfeeling. Therefore, method of showing teaching materials may be wrong. So, this study aims at making it
clear [from sight data] about the point with which the difference in the point which observes a student from theexistence of the relation to a student, and the teacher of a special-needs school observe a student. In order tocheck whether a difference appears as a pilot survey in the point to a student which is concerned andtherefore observes a student, the eye mark recorder was used, and it is with the teacher of a special
support school, and ordinary students, I had you view and listen to the video on which the student's
appearance was recorded, and it compared the view line in that case this time. Furthermore, in order toacquire the information on how the teacher of a special-needs school has judged whether the student has recognized
the mark in view assessment, the look of the teacher who is observing the student was recorded.

2. Observation of a pupil of special-needs school
In order to check whether a difference appears in the point to a student which is concerned and therefore observes
a student, by one teacher of a special support school, these two school teachers, and one student, it was made toview and listen to the animation on which the student's appearance was recorded in the state where it equipped withthe eye mark recorder, and the look in that case was compared. As a comparison result, a stoppage point of a
special-needs school teacher and this school student is shown. As for the visual line of a special-needs school
teacher, each point understands that they stop more than constant time.
It turns out that a student's look is diffused in the wide range and it has
stopped to it only for a short time. One person of this school teacher's
result was the same result as a student. Since one more person was
knowledgeable in advance, she brought the same result as a
special-needs school teacher. The teacher who understands the point toobserve from these results observed the regular point, and it turned outthat those unrelated waver in the point to observe and it cannot be
Fig1. Gaze point of student

observing firmly.
- 40 -

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

3. Eyes analysis of a teacher in field of vision assessment
Next, in order that a teacher might investigate whether it is judged that the student is seen, seeing where from ateacher's look information, the experiment which extracts the look of the teacher at the time of measurement at thetime of view assessment was conducted. The "view assessment" currently performed in the special support school
is investigation which measures a student's view roughly. The technique is a thing of a teacher moving what serves
as a mark from a student's back, and getting the visible position to reply to a student. In order to perform this, two
persons, the teacher who moves a mark, and the teacher who observes a student, are needed. There is one student
who performed view assessment this time. The student has eye squinting and it is seeing the thing by left eye
predominance. Assessment was performed using the index which carried out the form of the character so that a
student might be seen easily. The teacher who observes a student was put an eye mark recorder, and the view line
was recorded. A stoppage point analysis result is shown as a result of the view line under a teacher's observation.
Although the teacher was mainly looking at the student's right eye, it turned out that cautions are turned also to amouth a right eye and by turns. However, from this eye mark data, a fine motion cannot be observed and it isthought that changes of a student’s expression, etc. are overlooked.

Fig2: State of the visual field assessment

Fig3: Teacher’s line of sight examples of data

4. Conclusion
In this study, the look of the teacher who observes a student for the purpose of making clear from view line data
the difference in the point which observes a student was measured. The difference in the point observed by relation
by a student or the existence of prior knowledge from those results was able to be checked. However, ameasurement experiment needs to be improved for extraction of the point judged that the student is seen from ateacher's view information.

References[1] Yumiko Saito, Hirofumi Osaki others, "Assessment of children with multiple disabilities research thematic
research report 2006 - 19 years - focused on understanding and communication of environmental self-care activity-", National Institute of Special Needs Education, IAA, 2008. P5-6

- 41 -

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

Development of an automatic turning device for the manual wheelchair
Takahiro Fujikawa
t.fuji0709@gmail.com
Misuzu Chujo
m.91.4.7.c@gmail.com
Department of Electro-Mechanical Systems Engineering,
Kagawa National College of Technology

1. Introduction
In recent years, since the population of elderly people in Taiwan and Japan have been increasing[1,2], usersof wheelchairs and accidents with operation of them have also been increasing[3]. Generally, wheelchairs can bedivided into two types, Manual Wheelchairs (MW) and Electric Wheelchairs (EW). Despite EW being useful andsafe for beginners and elderly people, most of these people use MW because its cost and weight are less than EW.
For these people, the safe self operation of MW needs a skilled technique and a lot of experience in operating MW.
The operation of turning is especially difficult and dangerous, because the user cannot look backward well.
For this problem, in this paper, we propose an Automatic Turning Device (ATD) that can be attached to any
MW, that satisfies Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS). Realizing the ATD which can achieve turning automatically
MW at the local area is expected to reduce the inconvenience and the dangerousness for users of MW.
The proposed ATD uses a ball-screw as the source of power, since the ball screw has a characteristic which
can realize two movements (translatory movement and revolving movement) by the single motor. From thischaracteristic, we apply the translatory and the revolving movements to lift and turn MW, respectively, in order torealize the lifting and the turning MW by the single motor.

2. Aim of the Proposed ATD
The proposed ATD has developed as to satisfy the following specs.
・ It can achieve MW pivot-turns safely and easily with single-handed operating.
・ It is attachable to any MW which satisfies Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS).
・ It is low-cost and light-weight.
Target users of ATD are inexperienced users of MW, e.g., elderly people, beginner users and temporarily users.
Proposed ATD can realize reducing some difficult and dangerous troubles for MW users on daily usage.

3. Structures of the Proposed ATD
Proposed ATD as depicted in Fig.1,2 is constructed by a ball-screw and a brake. Because a nut on theball-screw can be a translatory movement with a revolving movement of the shaft of it, we use the ball-screw as asource of power so as to lift and rotate MW simultaneously, that is,-Translatory movement: lifting up or descending down MW-

Revolving movement : turning MW
The shaft of the ball-screw is connected to a motor (A in Fig.2) which is set on the base (B in Fig.2) of ATD,

and the nut of the ball-screw is connected to the frame of MW through a connector (C in Fig.2). This connector is- 42 -

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan
constructed by using a ball-bearing in order to transmit only the force of the translatory movement, that is, the forceof the revolving movement cannot be transmitted to MW. When MW must be turning, the force of the revolving
movement can be transmitted to MW by holding the shaft of the ball-screw using the brake (D in Fig.2) connectedto the frame of MW.
From characteristics of the ball-screw, if MW needs to turn to desired directions clockwise, the brake must
hold the shaft of the ball-screw, when ATD is descending MW down. By contrast, if MW needs to turncounterclockwise, the brake must hold the shaft, when ATD is lifting MW up.

Figure 1: Picture of the proposed ATD

Figure 2: Structures of the proposed ATD

4. Flow of Turning Operatio1ns
A flowchart of turning operations in ATD are shown in Fig.2,
where, operations of each step is described as follows:(1) Input a desired direction angle.
(2) In order to lift up MW a little, revolve the ball-screw by the motor.
(Use the translatory movement of the ball-screw.)(3) If inputted desired direction angle is set at the ranges from 45 degree
to 180 degree then go to (4). Otherwise, go to (5).
(4) Turn MW clockwise by holding the shaft with the brake when MW isdescended down, and release the brake at the moment it is reaching to thedesired direction angle.
(5) Turn MW counterclockwise by holding the shaft with the brakewhen MW is lifted up, and release the brake at the moment of reaching
to the desired direction angle.
(6) Bring back ATD to default position.

Figure 3: Flow of turning operation

5. Conclusion
In this paper, we propose an Automatic Turning Device for a Manual Wheelchairs using a ball-screw. Now,
we finished building up a prototype device with a basic operating board. In the future study, we intend to improve
the operating board of the prototype.

References[1] http://www.stat.go.jp/english/index.htm, Statistics Bureau Home Page[2] http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/month/m1-06.xls, Resident Population by 5-Year, 10-Year Age Group, (In Chinese)[3] National Consumer Affairs Center of Japan, 2001, Report about Accident of the wheelchair,(In Japanese)- 43 -

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

Development of a Support Device for Digital Cameras using Adaptable Design
for Challenged Persons
Ryoji Yukino, Yutaka Tange
E-mail: tange@maizuru-ct.ac.jp
Dept. of Electrical and Computer Eng., Maizuru National College of Technology
Kenji Mihara
Kyoto Prefectural Rehabilitation Center for Children in Maizuru
1. Introduction
Recently, the social advancement of challenged persons is remarkable. For instance, universal design that iseasy for anyone to use has infiltrated many aspects of our daily life. We can see it in various things such as spoon,
PC mouse and slope.
However, many of them are difficult or impossible to be used as universal design. For example, let us look at“digital camera”. It is difficult for a challenged person disabled in the upper limbs to use a digital camera. The main
reason for the difficulty is that handicap is different in degree, kind and part from person to person. So it is
impossible to consider all of them from the point of view of universal design.
In this study, we regard handicap as a person’s character, and have developed control board (CB) compatible
with various characters by using adaptable design and applied it to a support device for digital cameras.We brought
the support device that we developed to Kyoto Prefectural Rehabilitation Center for Children in Maizuru. We got
various opinions by demonstrating it to challenged persons. We made sure if a challenged person can take aphotograph by using it. Our aim is to develope a more practical device by repeatedly exchanging opinions andincorporating them into the device.
2. The adaptable design
The adaptable design can accommodate itself to personal request easily without a change in structure ormaterial and satisfy the conditions of accessibility1). For example, a kitchen table whose height can be adjusted, acounter or a cabinet which can make space for the knee as occasion demands, and so on.
3. Design of our system
We regard handicap as a character, and have designed the device to bring out the potentiality of a challenged
person at a maximum by making the most of the character.
3.1 Designing with adaptable design
We have adapted the adaptable design to adjust this system to various characters (ex.voice, touch, big motion
and Etc.) . It will be a versatile system by adjusting input device that detect motion to various characters.
We considered three points when we design a CB system. First, it is easy to change the input device. Second,with this system a challenged person can take a photograph by using almost any compact digital camera. Third, it
is easy for us to design input device.
- 44 -

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan
3.2 The method of photography
We define photography as series of action comprising movement, focusing, and releasing the shutter. The
device turns to each action each time it receives input from sensor or switch. So it enables us to take a photographwith a single action.
3.3 Design of support device for digital cameras
Figure 1 shows our structure of system．Support device for digital cameras that we developed consists of input
part, CB and shooting part. Shooting part is made up of a motor to turn a camera, servomotor to release the shutter
and a fixture to attach camera. Figure 2 shows the support device for digital cameras which we actuallydeveloped by ourselves.

INPUT
VOICE
TOUCH
MOTION
Etc.

I
N
P
U
T
D
E
V
I
C
E

CB

OUTPUT

POWER

Turning
cameraON
SERVOMOTOR
CB

INPUT

OUTPUTSERVOMOTOR

DETECTIVEBUZZER

Releasethe shutter

Figure 1:Structure of system

Figure2:Support device actually made4. The opinion of a user
As a result of trial test, a person who suffers from a disability in the upper limbs could take aphotograph by operating the support device. We have asked the person to use the device and received thefollowing opinions.
(1) It is likely to break when one fixes the case for storing CB on a stand.
(2) It is difficult to release the shutter when the fixing position of the camera has shifted.
(3) The part for releasing the shutter is apt to come off.
5. Conclusion
In this study, we have regarded handicap as a character, and developed a CB compatible withvarious characters by using adaptable design and applied it to a support device for digital cameras.
As a result of trial test, a person who suffers from a disability in the upper limbs could take aphotograph by operating support device on their own. The person was delighted to take a photograph. We
will continue to improve the product taking users‘s opinions into account and aim to produce acommercial version.

Reference[1] The universal design seminar, 2003, “The manufacturing which was paid in super old times”, pp. 7-8, Japan
Industrial Publishing Co., Ltd. (in Japanese).
- 45 -

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

Generalize ICT-based Scenarios for Decreasing the Incidence of School Bullying
by Leveraging Technology Foresight Approaches
Chen-Heng Hsu
E-mail: aptx54869@hotmail.com
Dept. of Information Management, NUU
Kai-Rung Jiang
E-mail: a5572378@gmail.com
Dept. of Information Management, NUU
Shao-Hua Wang
E-mail: xojellox@gmail.com
Dept. of Information Management, NUU

Forward-thinking governments and companies have significantly recognized Greentech and Orangetech (GO)services in conjunction with ICT-enabled intelligence. As general understanding, Greentech is a means of utilizing
associated technologies to sustain natural environments; on the other hand, the purpose of Orangetech is to provide
useful applications to take care of human-centered ecosystems. Nowadays, ICT technologies capable of machine
intelligence are increasingly adopted to advance the performance of GO services. Such ICT-enabled intelligent GO
service, so called iGO, is able to not only realize sustainable developments but also enhance quality of life forpeople meanwhile create new opportunities for economic growth. However, because of the characteristic ofsustainability, iGO applications have to be designed with concerning present needs and future ones. For such
purpose, Technology Foresight is therefore considered. The concept of Technology Foresight (TF) is to discover the
relationships between current trends and future visions for the aimed topic. TF approaches have been widely used
to help sketching development roadmap of emerging technologies and innovating planned services.
In recent years, the issue of School Bullying (SB) has received great importance of general people in the world.
There have been numerous discussions and research findings for example published academic papers, project
results, theses, commercialized products or services, etc aiming at decreasing the incidence of SB events via
applying new methods as well as creative ideas. Unfortunately, most of these existed approaches commonly
presented their distinct SB-defense thoughts but rarely introduced considerable scenarios which play a critical roleof analyzing the essence of SB. To clearly examine the characteristics of SB-defense and to figure out thepossibility of applying ICT-based solutions for SB-defense, this study generalizes an application scenario for
SB-defense on the strength of several existed TF approaches through a series of convergence and divergenceprocess. In short, the result of this study in a scenario-description fashion can not only address implications about
SB-defense, but also indicate valuable directions for stakeholders to design further actionable initiatives.

- 46 -

Appendix

Appendix A: ProgramTime
min ID(chair)9:30-10:00

Dec 10
10:00
11:35(Sekiguchi)

12:00-13:20

Name

Affiliation

Title

Registration

5 S01

Lung-Sheng Lee
李隆盛

5 S02

Toshio Kudo
工藤敏夫

30 S03

Wan-Chang Hsiao
蕭万長

5 S04

Masato Kitani
木谷 雅人

5 S05

Shih-Chang Lee
李 世昌

5 S06

Chen-Pang Liu
劉振邦

20 E00Ching-Chih Lai
賴慶智

20 W00Ikusaburo Kurimoto
栗本 育三郎President of National United University
國立聯合大學 校長
President of Kisarazu National College ofTechnology
木更津工業高等専門学校 校長
Vice President of ROC
中華民国 副総統
Director of Institute of National Collegesof Technology
国立高等専門学校機構 理事
Counselor of Bureau of International
Cultural and Educational Relations
Ministry of Education, ROC
中華民国教育部
国際文化教育事業処 参事
Deputy Director of Green Energy andEnvironment Research Laboratories
Industrial Technology Research Institute
工業技術研究院
綠能與環境研究所 副所長
Green Energy and Environment ResearchLaboratories
Industrial Technology Research Institute
工業技術研究院
綠能與環境研究所
Department of Information and Computer
Engineering
Kisarazu National College of Technology
木更津工業高等専門学校
情報工学科

Opening Address
Opening Address(speech)(speech)(speech)(speech)Plenary Lecture"Research for quality living environment in Taiwan"
Plenary Lecture"Brain functional signal analysis using near-infrared
spectroscopy"
Photography
Lunch

Time
(chair)

min

ID

Name

Affiliation

Title

10 W02

Kyotaro Kikuchi
菊池 恭太郎Kisarazu National College of Technology
木更津工業高等専門学校

Lumbar motion trace on the walking with loading a backpack

20 W07

Jen Shu徐 楨Chih-Hsu Hsien
謝智旭

National United University
國立聯合大學The study of the welfare needs and the physical conditionof the elderly care sector in Miaoli County

Okinawa National College of Technology
沖縄工業高等専門学校
Kisarazu National College of Technology
木更津工業高等専門学校

Operability improvement of the joy-stick by the sensitivity adjustment of thelever

10 W04
Dec 10
13:20
15:10
(Lin)

10 W01

20 W08

10 W05

20 W06

10 W0330

Sho Gushiken
具志堅 翔
Takeru Donomae
堂野前 健
Chen-Heng Hsu
徐振恆
Kai-Rung Jiang
江凱榮
Shuhei Takara
高良 修平
Takahiro Fujikawa
藤川 貴広
Misuzu Chujo
中條 文鈴
Ryoji Yukino
雪野 瞭治

Report on the damage from the Great East Japan Earthquake and volunteering.

National United University
國立聯合大學Generalize ICT-based scenarios for decreasing the Incidence of school bullying
by leveraging technology foresight approaches

Okinawa National College of Technology
沖縄工業高等専門学校

Utilization support of the switch-material by stimuli

Kagawa National College of Technology
香川高等専門学校

Development of an automatic turning devices for manual wheelchair

Maizuru National College of Technology
舞鶴工業高等専門学校

Development of a support device for digital cameras using adaptable design forchallenged persons

Break

Time
(chair)min

ID

20 E10Dec 10
15:40
17:00(Ishide)10 E01

20 E11

10 E0620 E13

1
1
1
18:00
20:00
(Sekiguchi)

1
1
1
1
1

Name

Affiliation

Yu-Ping Chen
Cheng Shiu University
陳玉萍
Yating Hsu
正修科技大學許雅婷Ryoji Hayashi
Kisarazu National College of Technology
林 亮二
木更津工業高等専門学校
Nai-Jen Lee
Chung Chou University of Science and李乃任Technology
Shiuan-Jung Chiou
中州科技大學邱炫鐘
Reyes Tatsuru Shiroku
Okinawa National College of Technology
白久レイエス樹
沖縄工業高等専門学校
Wei-Lun Lee
National Kaohsiung First University of李偉綸Science and Technology
Yao-Yu Xie
國立高雄第一科技大學
謝曜宇
Kisarazu National College of Technology
木更津工業高等専門学校
National United University
國立聯合大學
Kagawa National College of Technology
香川高等専門学校
Cheng Shiu University
正修科技大學
Maizuru National College of Technology
舞鶴工業高等専門学校
National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology
國立高雄第一科技大學
Okinawa National College of Technology
沖縄工業高等専門学校
Chung Chou University of Science and Technology
中州科技大學

Title

Synthetic lightweight aggregates made from reservoir sediments

Effects of antimony doping in CdTe solar cells
The lipid-lowering effect of different fractions of supercritical fluid extract ofPinus morrisonicola Hay in vitro
Development of the actuator concentration type removable underwater
manipulator
Study of light-driving reactions in oxidizing organic pollutants in liquid

Banquetwith Introduction of Institutes

Time(chair)minID

20 E02
Dec 11
9:00
10:10(Ishide)20 E0910 E0520 E12Name
Naoki Ikeda
池田直生
Teppei Natori
名取哲平
Chen-Wei Tan
譚振偉
Tz-Ting Wang
王姿婷Yui Moriwaki
森脇由衣
Wen-Sheng Lin
林文聖
Ki-Lung Lin林琦龍Affiliation

Title

Kisarazu National College of Technology
木更津工業高等専門学校

The activity of KNCT on down-flow hanging sponge reactor

National United University
國立聯合大學Recycle of fly ash and sludge for producing value-added ceramic tile

Maizuru National College of Technology
舞鶴工業高等専門学校

Study of UV irradiation effects in CR-39 plastics for environmental radiometry

Chung Chou University of Science andTechnology
中州科技大學The examination of vegetation on trees species and road landscape shape

Break

30
20 E08
10 E07
10:40
11:50(Wang)

20 E14

10 E03

Ryuji Matsuoka
松岡 龍司
Kazutomo Matsushita
松下 和朋Chihiro Kishaba
喜舎場千尋
Bo-Xuan Chou
周伯壎Hong-Chun Chen
陳弘全
Tsubasa Naganuma
永沼 翼

5 S07

Huey-Jiuan Lin
林惠娟

5 S08

Masayoshi Sekiguchi
関口 昌由

Kagawa National College of Technology
香川高等専門学校

A site evaluation method and questionnaire survey concerning geothermal power
plant construction

Okinawa National College of Technology
沖縄工業高等専門学校

Study on wax-ester extraction from Euglena using underwater shock
wave.

National Kaohsiung First University of
Science and Technology
國立高雄第一科技大學

Use of beetles in treating TFT-LCD wasted sludge

Kisarazu National College of Technology
木更津工業高等専門学校
Dean of the Research and Development
Office,National United University

Endeavor to improve tributary stream environments by the Floating Island with
Wood Piles (FIWP)

Chief Organizer of the Symposium

Announcement

Closing AddressProceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

Appendix B. List of participants (with local expression)Special Guests
Wan-Chang Hsiao, Vice President of ROC
蕭 万長 中華民国副総統
Shih-Chang Lee, Counselor of Bureau of International Cultural and Educational Relations Ministryof Education, ROC
李 世昌 中華民国教育部国際文化教育事業処参事
Masato Kitani, Director of Institute of National Colleges of Technology
木谷雅人

国立高等専門学校機構理事

Plenary Lecturer
Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute

工業技術研究院
Ching-Chih Lai

綠能與環境研究所
賴 慶智

Department of Information and Computer Engineering, Kisarazu National College of Technology

木更津工業高等専門学校
Ikusaburo Kurimoto情報工学科
栗本 育三郎Participants from Kisarazu National College of Technology
木更津工業高等専門学校
Toshio Kudo, President
工藤 敏夫 校長
Takaharu Kuroda
黒田 孝春 副校長
Masayoshi Sekiguchi
関口 昌由
Ginsuke Kono
黄野 銀介
Tadateru Ishide
石出 忠輝
Takeru Donomae
Ryoji Hayashi
Naoki Ikeda
Kyotaro Kikuchi
Tsubasa Naganuma
Teppei Natori

堂野前 健
林 亮二
池田 直生
菊池 恭太郎永沼 翼
名取 哲平

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

Participants from Kagawa National College of Technology
香川高等専門学校
Masahi Kamon, President
嘉門 雅史 校長
Tomohiro Itsumi
逸見 知弘
Takahiro Fujikawa
藤川 貴広
Misuzu Chujo
中條 文鈴
Ryuji Matsuoka
松岡 龍司
Kazuaki Matsushita
松下 和朋Participants from Okinawa National College of Technology
沖縄工業高等専門学校
Shigeru Ito, President
Nobuo Kawamitsu
Yasutomo Tamaki
Reyes Tatsuru Shiroku
Sho Gushiken
Shuhei Takara
Chihiro Kishaba

伊東 繁 校長
川満 信男
玉城 康智
白久 レイエス樹
具志堅 翔
高良 修平
喜舎場 千尋Participants from Maizuru National College of Technology
舞鶴工業高等専門学校
Joji Mikawa, Vice President
三川 譲二 副校長
Yutaka Tange
Ryoji Yukino
Yui Moriwaki

丹下 裕
雪野 瞭治
森脇 由衣

Participants from National United University
國立聯合大學Lung-Sheng Lee, President
李 隆盛 校長
Huey-Jiuan Lin
林 惠娟
Ben-Chaung Wang
王 本壯Yu-Ning Hu
胡 愈寧
Jen Shu
Chih-Hsu Hsien
Chen-Wei Tan
Tz-Ting Wang
Chen-Heng Hsu
Kai-Rung Jiang

徐
棹
謝 智旭
譚 振偉
王 姿婷
徐 振恆
江 凱榮

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

Participants from National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology
國立高雄第一科技大學
Roger C. Y. Chen, President
陳 振遠 校長
Shyi-Tien Chen
陳 錫添
Wei-Lun Lee
李 偉綸
Yao-Yu Xie
謝 曜宇
Bo-Xuan Chou
周 伯壎Hong-Chun Chen
陳 弘全
Participants from Cheng Shiu University of Science and Technology
正修科技大學Jui-Chang Kung, President
龔 瑞璋 校長
Wu-Te Ko (Representative of the President)柯 武德（校長代理）
Chao-Wei Tang
湯 兆緯
Yu-Ping Chen
陳 玉萍Yating Hsu

許 雅婷Participants from Chung Chou University of Science and Technology
中州科技大學Jenq-Jye Hwang, President
黄 政傑 校長
Ya-Chuan Lin (Representative of the President) 林 亞娟（校長代理）
Wen-San Chang
張 文三
Nai-Jen Lee
李 乃任
Shiuan-Jung Chiou
邱 炫鐘
Wen-Sheng Lin
林 文聖Ki-Lung Lin
林 琦龍Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

Appendix C. Japanese version of the preface by President Kudo†
日台青少年シンポジウム「環境保全と福祉向上のための研究成果発表と活動実践報告」2011 挨拶
木更津工業高等専門学校 校長 工藤敏夫
日台青少年シンポジウム「環境保全と福祉向上のための研究成果発表と活動実践報告」2011 の開催に当たり、ご挨拶申し上げます。
高等専門学校（高専）は、中学校卒業後５年の本科とさらに２年の専攻科から成る学校で、実践
力と創造性のある高度技術者を養成することを目的としています。これまで、数校の高専が台湾の大学との間でそれぞれ教育・学術面の交流を行ってきましたが、このたび、国立高等専門学校機構の高専改革推進経費を得て、日本の高専４校と台湾の大学４校の学生が一堂に会し、日頃の研究や活動の成果に関し発表を行う、このシンポジウムを開催することになりました。
このシンポジウムのテーマである環境保全と福祉向上は、人々の生活から地球規模の問題までの幅広い分野にわたり、世界の平和とともに人類の重大な課題となっています。参加する８校の学生の多くが学ぶ理学や工学の教育研究分野においても、環境と福祉に関連する様々なテーマが取り組まれています。２日間にわたるシンポジウムは、そうした活動の一端を示すものとなるでしょう。
また、これを契機に、この分野の教育研究がますます進展することを期待します。
このシンポジウムは英語を主要言語として行われます。日本と台湾を含む私たちのアジアは、民族や文化に豊かな多様性をもっており、お互いの意思疎通のために、欧米発祥の言語である英語が不可欠の手段になっています。これからの世代の人々は、こうしたグローバル社会に生きていく
上で、英語を自然に使える力を身につけてほしいと思います。
日本では本年３月、東日本大震災が発生し、多くの尊い命が失われ、原子力発電所の事故と相まって、今も国民生活に様々な影響があります。この事態に際し、台湾を始め世界中の人々から暖かい支援や見舞いをいただき、困難な時に差し延べられる友情の大切さを痛感しました。日本は今、復興に向けて、国を挙げての懸命の努力をしています。
今回の被災地域である東北地方の中心的都市・仙台市は、中国文学の父とも言われる魯迅が２０代の頃、留学生として医学を学んだ地です。日本語が不自由だった彼に授業ノートの添削を通じて熱心に指導し励ましてくれた解剖学の教師がおり、魯迅はこの教師を偉大な恩師として慕い、後に「藤野先生」という小説を著しました。
古来、中国や台湾と日本は一衣帯水を隔てるのみの近い間柄と言われ、人々の心は昔も今も、強い絆で結ばれています。このシンポジウムが、そのような絆を再確認するものとなり、また未来に向けて豊かな人材を育てる契機となることを望んでいます。

† Editor reproduced the Japanese preface by President Kudo here because it contains some special
words which have no English translations, but are rigorously defined by the Japanese government.

Proceedings of the Japan-Taiwan Youth Symposium on Environment Maintenance and Human Welfare 2011,
held on December 10 – 11, 2011 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei, Taiwan

Appendix D. Note for organization of the symposium (in Japanese)
名称：日台青少年シンポジウム「環境保全と福祉向上のための研究成果発表と活動実践報告」２０１１
日時：平成２３年１２月１０日（土）～１１日（日）場所：圓山大飯店（台北市）
主催：木更津工業高等専門学校、國立聯合大學
共催：沖縄工業高等専門学校、香川高等専門学校、舞鶴工業高等専門学校
國立高雄第一科技大學、正修科技大學、中州科技大學
後援：財団法人交流協会台北事務所
財源：高専改革推進経費「国際性の向上」（国立高等専門学校機構）
木更津工業高等専門学校 校費
國立聯合大學 校費
来賓：蕭萬長中華民国副総統、李世昌中華民国教育部国際文化教育事業処参事、
木谷雅人国立高等専門学校機構理事
運営組織：
木更津工業高等専門学校
関口昌由 国際交流委員長
黄野銀介 国際交流委員
石出忠輝 国際交流委員
正木昭弘 事務部総務課総務係長
國立聯合大學
林惠娟
王本壯
陳弘瑶
楊曉莉
陳慧珍
許璧如
他多数

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