WEPA Action Program in Cambodia“Capacity building of the officers at Sub-national level on
identifying major pollution sources and estimate
pollution in Tonle Sap Lake”
8 February 2023
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Project main objective
To improve the water quality management of Tonle Sap Lake byenhancing the capacity of government officials in understanding thepollution load from the surrounding area
1. To develop methodology for generating scientific-evidence based knowledge and dataon major pollution sources and loads of pollutants
2. To develop a guidebook for provincial staffs “How to identify pollution sources andestimate pollution loads in order to formulate the Comprehensive Water Quality
Management Plan for Tonle Sap Lake”
3. To give capacity development training to the sub-national officers
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Main activities• Organize a consultation meeting on the WEPA Action Program• Conduct field survey (Household, industries, agriculture, livestock)• Analysis of major pollution sources and loads in Tonle Sap Lake in the study site
1)
2)
3)
4)

Analysis of major pollution sources in industrial sectors and estimate loads for major pollutants to TSL
Analysis of major pollution sources in Domestic sector and estimate loads for major pollutants to TSL
Analysis of major pollution sources from agriculture sector and estimate loads for major pollutants
Analysis of major pollution sources from livestock sector and estimate loads for major pollutants• Developing a guidebook for provincial staffs on “How to identify pollution sources andestimate pollution loads”• Organize capacity building workshop on the guidebook on inventory analysis ofpollution sources and loads in and around the Tonle Sap Lake area

Implemented activities(1) Fact-finding survey• Review Report on Tonle Sap Lake Pollution Sources and Water Environment Management (FY2020)(2) Field survey of pollution loads (FY2021-2022)• Domestic: Conducted surveys in water and land-based residential villages to calculate pollutant
emissions intensity.
• Industry: Conducted surveys and reviewing existing survey results (including wastewater data)• Agriculture and Livestock: Interviewed with farmers, soil and wastewater analyzing(3) Stakeholder consultation• First stakeholder consultation meeting in 4th March 2022 (online)• Meeting with line ministry in August 2022
(4) Capacity building• First capacity-building workshop held (March 8, 2022)• Launching the guidebook• Second capacity-building workshop hold (10 February 2023)

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Thank You Very Much For Your Kind Attention

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CONTENTS
SECTION1: INTRODUCTION- Background- Objectives

SECTION 2: GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR POLLUTION LOAD
ESTIMATION- General equation- Explaination of each parameters and how to obtain it

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SECTION 1. INTRODUCTIONWEPA Action Plan
In order to support and overcome these challenges, it is critical to develop thecomprehensive water quality management plan (CWQMP) of Tonle Sap Lake.
The CWQMP of TSL will be developed under the umbrella of National Strategy
on Water Quality Management, which will be formulated by 2022.
The WEPA Action program will provide scientific basis to setup short-term,medium-term and long-term targets of pollution load control and restoration
targets of water quality in the CWQMP of TSL.

These are our responsibility as key members.
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CONTENTS

SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION

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SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION
100%

Type of pollution (BOD, COD, TN, TP)

80%60%
40%
20%

Quantity of Fertilizer Product
Used by Crops (kg per ha)
0%Log10(Number of Livestock)

Battambang

76543210

Major pollution sources in the Tonle Sap Lake

Kampong
Kampong
PursatChhnangThom
Wood & Wood product
Medicine
Chemicals
Paper product, Printing & Publishing
Other Manufacturing
Food, Beverages, Tobacco
Textile, Wearing Apparel and Leather

Siem Reap

To protect the water and biodiversity in andaround TSL, Laws, sub-decrees, and strategicplan were created.

12SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION
Scope of the guidebook
This guidebook aims:- To determine water pollution sources and load provides knowledge to the sub-national level officials
how about the step by step approach for developing pollution load inventory- To provide information for policy makers and regulators in developing wastewater effluent standard
from major controllable pollution sources included domestic, livestock, agricultural and industrial- Will be basis for prioritization of pollution control with adequate and cost effective countermeasuresurrounding TSL.

This guidebook describes simplified methodological approaches of pollution load
inventory form the major identified sectors with full consideration of the TSL context.
In order to make the process simplified for the provincial level officers, influence ofclimatic factors and geographical factors is not considered in the formula.

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CONTENTS

SECTION 2. GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR POLLUTION
LOAD ESTIMATION

14SECTION 2. GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR POLLUTION LOAD
ESTIMATIONThis section provides a generic methodological approach to estimate pollution
loads in TSL that provide a understanding of general steps, basic formula and datarequirement for pollution load estimation in TSL.
Basic equation to estimate a pollutuon load:
Where:

Pollution Load (PL) = AD x EF x AF x d

PL is a pollution load(kg/year)
Activity Data (AD) is the basic data on the magnitude of an activity resulting in pollution loads taking place during a given
period of time, which are specific for the type of pollution sources such as domestic, industry, farmland,etc.
Emission Factor (EF) is defined as a concentration of pollutants (BOD, COD, TN, and TP, etc.) emitted from apollution source per year, which has a unit in g/year/unit.
Attenuation Factors (AF) are factors that change the concentration of pollutants during transport from the source to thewater bodies, such as distance factor (DF), treatment factor (TF), and run-off ratio. The selection of AF
depends on the type of pollution sources.
d is the number of days of discharging pollution load (day)15

SECTION 2. GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR POLLUTION LOAD
ESTIMATION
Selection of targetedarea/watershed
Statistical data
Selection of water
quality parameters
Secondary data(literature)

Selection ofactivity data

Emission factors

Conducting asurvey

Development ofquestionnaire

Conducting water sampling
and analyses

Selection of distancefactor/run-off ratio
Estimation of Pollution
loads
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SECTION 2. GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR POLLUTION LOAD
ESTIMATION
Selection of targeted areaTonle Sap Lake and its watershedbroken down into 11 sub-basinsnamely:(1) Stung Boribo [ST1], (2) Stung
Chikreng [ST2], (3) Stung Chinit[ST3], (4) Stung Dauntri [ST4], (5)Stung Mongkolborey [ST5], (6)Stung Pausat [ST6], (7) StungSangke [ST7], (8) Stung Sen [ST8],(9) Stung Siemreap [ST9], (10)Stung Sreng [ST10], and (11) Stung
Staung [ST11] (Mab &Kositsakulchai, 2020)
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SECTION 2. GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR POLLUTION LOAD
ESTIMATION
Parameters

Description

Data available

Selection of activity data (AD)(ការកំណត់ទិន�ន័យសកម�ភាពបំពុល )- Domestic: population (person)- Industry: volume of wastewater(m3/day)- Farmlands: quantity of fertilizer used
per cultivation (kg/ha)- Livestock: animal head (head)

The activity data (AD) refers to basic data for
specific activities that is considered to be thepollution sources such as domestic, industry,
farmland, and/or livestock activities.

Statistical dataConducting

Selection of water quality parameterThe selection of water quality parametersstrongly depends on types of pollution sources
such as types of activities of the sectors.

Literature of wastewater
characteristic/ analysis

Selection of emission factors (EF)(កំណត់េមគុណបេ��ញ )The most important data to be collected in orderto calculate EF is amount of wastewaterproduced per day per activities andconcentration of pollutants (e.g., BOD, COD, TN,TP, in g/L).

Secondary data
Conucting survey(volume wastewater,concentration ofpollutants)

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SECTION 2. GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR POLLUTION LOAD
ESTIMATION
Parameters

Description

Selection of attenuation factors (AF)(ការកំណត់េមគុណកាត់បន�យ )Attenuation factors (AF) refer to any factors thatinvolve in the changes of concentration ofpollutants during transport to the water bodies.

Number of days of pollution load
discharge (d)The number of days (d) refers the period of timewith unit as in (day) that pollution from eachactivity (e.g., domestic, industry, livestock, andfarmland) discharge to the river/lake.

Data available
Secondary dataSurvey

119Thank you
Toilet20