TREATMENT OF FEMALE INM ATES AT CORRECTIONALINSTITUTIONS FOR WOMEN
Celso S. Bravo

I. HISTORY OF BUCOR
The Bureau of Corrections, formerly known as the Bureau of Prisons, was created under the
Reorganization Act. No 1407 dated 1 November 1905. The Prison Law which is its underlying formal
and legal support is found in sections 1705 to 1751 of the Revised Administrative Code of thePhilippines.
The Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) is an agency under the Department of Justice tasked toeffectively safe-keep and rehabilitate national prisoners ― those sentenced to three (3)years and one(1)day and above. It is composed of seven (7)operating institutions strategically located all over thecountry to accept national prisoners from the nearest region.
The countryʼ
s penal institutions started during the Spanish regime when Spanish penal laws,
contained in royal decrees,ordinances,rules and regulations,were extended to the country.The main
insular penitentiary was the Old Bilibid Prison in M anila constructed in 1874 and formally opened bya Royal Decree in 1865. The San Ramon Prison in Zamboanga City was next established in 1869,
originally to confine M uslim rebels, but was closed during the Spanish-American War, and reopenedin 1898.Under the American Regime,the Iwahig Penal Colony(formerly called Iuhit Penal Colony)inPuerto Princesa, Palawan was established in 1904.
Eventually, the Bureau of Prisons was created under the Reorganization Act of 1905, effective 1
November 1905, under the Department of Commerce & Police, and was then transferred to the
Department of Public Instruction.The prison law,which was enacted pursuant to the provisions ofSec.
1705-1751 of the Administrative Code of 1917, finally placed the Bureau of Prisons under the Department of Justice.
Due to the increasing inmate population,more prisons and penal colonies were created and placed
under the supervision of the Bureau of Prisons,namely:the Correctional Institute for Women (CIW)in
M andaluyong, Rizal, established in 1931 by authority of Act No. 3579 purposely to confine female
national offenders;the Davao Penal Colony on 21 January 1932 in accordance with Act No.3732 andProclamation 414 series of 1931.The Old Bilibid Prison was transferred to M untinlupa in 1935 and was
renamed the New Bilibid Prison in 1940. The Sablayan Penal Colony in Mindoro Occidental wasestablished on 27 September 1954 under Proclamation 72, and the Leyte Regional Prison was established on 16 January 1973 under Proclamation 1101. With the approval of PD 28 on 25 October 1972,
which established the regional prisons, all existing national penal institutions were converted into
regular prisons and penal farms.
On record,the first head of the prison was Lt.George Wolf,an American,from 1909-1910;while thefirst Filipino Director was Ramon Victorio, 1923-1930. Our present Officer-In-Charge is the Deputy
Director of the National Bureau of Investigation, Rafael M arcos Z. Ragos.
To emphasize the new trend in modern penology, the Bureau of Prisons was renamed the Bureauof Corrections pursuant to Executive Order No. 292 dated 22 November 1989.
The Correctional System in the Philippines is composed of six (6)agencies under three (3)distinct
Officer‑In‑Charge, Medium Security Compound, Bureau of Corrections, Department of Justice, the Philippines.

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and separate executive departments of the National government, namely:
The Department of Justice ― under this are the Bureau of Corrections, the Parole andProbation Administration, and the Board of Pardons and Parole
The Department of Interior and Local Government ― under this are the Bureau of JailM anagement and Penology,which runs the city,municipal and district jails;and the provincial
jails through their respective provincial governments
The Department of Social Welfare and Development ― under this is the Childʼs Program
Bureau which oversees youth rehabilitation centers
It is envisioned that in the years to come, BuCor will be a modern, secured and professionalcorrection institution which is characterized by a more responsive prison system geared towards thehumane and spiritually guided rehabilitation of inmates,for their reintegration into the mainstream ofsociety.

II. OBJECTIVES OF THE BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS
The main responsibility of the Bureau is to carry out its twin objective― custody(safekeeping)andrehabilitation of national offenders.It has an authorized plantilla positions of 2,362 personnel ― 1,441
custodial personnel,776 administrative personnel and 142 members of the medical staff.It is headed bya Director and assisted by 2 Assistant Directors.With a population of 37,168 inmates as of November
2012, statistics show that literally, the ratio of inmates to custodial personnel is 72:1.

III. THE CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION FOR WOMENOn 14 February1931,the Correctional Institution for Women (CIW)was born. It is administered andmanaged by a Penal Superintendent.It was the sole institution dedicated to women offenders serving
more than three (3)yearsʼimprisonment. The CIW housed 270 inmates who originally came from the
Old Bilibid Compound. It was in 1982 when a fire blazed through CIW due to faulty wiring, which
practically destroyed the main facility. M ore than a year later, reconstruction was completed and on
26 September 1983 a new building was erected.
Over the decades, the number of inmates ballooned exponentially but the facilities remained thesame.The CIW inmates grew to more than 2,000 from 270 inmates in 1931.Dormitories with single beds
had to be replaced with two bunk beds that could accommodate four people at a time.Common areas
were converted into dormitories to give room to the growing population.Inmates said goodbye to someof their hallways and their mess hall to relieve the congestion problem.It was on 16 June 2003 and 18
September 2007, when the CIW welcomed a new extension building at M andaluyong City and CIWM indanao, respectively, that helped the issue of congestion, but it did not solve it. Today CIWM andaluyong has 2,008 inmates with an inmate-to-guard ratio of 69:1,and CIW-Mindanao has a totalof 286 inmates and has an inmate-to-guard ratio of 21:1.
A. The Reception and Diagnostic Center
The Reception and Diagnostic Center, which is the receiving arm of the Bureau, admits andclassifies national prisoners for a period of 60 days (including a 5-day quarantine period). Inmates
undergo psychiatric, psychological, medical, and other examinations. They are classified as: M aximum, M edium or M inimum based on their security status.
Upon arrival at the CIW,the prisoners are immediately brought to the Receiving Office where they
are turned over officially to the Receiving Officer by their escorts,either from the guards of the Bureau
of Jail M anagement and Penology(BJM P)or from the Provincial Guards.In the Receiving Office,theygo through routine inspection of articles in their possessions.Those which theyare not allowed to keep,
like money, drugs and medicines, shall be taken and entered in their prison record. Receipts will be
issued by the Receiving Officer. Drugs and medicines are given to the medical officer for his proper
dispensation. The rest of the articles shall be returned to the prisoners upon their release unless they156

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request their disposal before such time.
They are next photographed for identification purposes, given a haircut and are issued available
prison uniforms and equipment. They are then taken into quarantine for five (5) days. While underquarantine, they go through identification procedures,undergo thorough medical and physical examinations to determine their physical capacity to work,and get necessary medications if found sufferingfrom any ailment, segregated from the rest and hospitalized if necessary.
B. InmatesʼWelfare
A special accommodation for pregnant CIW inmates is afforded. Whenever practicable, however,arrangements shall be made for children to be born in a hospital outside the prison. An infant bornwhile the mother is serving a sentence in the CIW may be allowed to stay with the mother for a periodof time not exceeding one (1)year. After the lapse of said period, if the mother of the infant fails toplace the child in a home of her own,the superintendent shall make arrangements with the Department
of Social Welfare and Development or any other social welfare agency for the infantʼs care.As far aspracticable,the CIW shall have a nursery staffed by qualified personnel,and no female prisoner shallbe subject to any disciplinary measure which might affect her unborn or nursing child.
As to its male counterparts, female inmates are introduced into institutional life by means of awell-planned orientation programme.The Reception and Diagnostic Center(admission center)using all
appropriate means shall make available to them, educational, recreation, and religious facilities, aswell as group lectures on prison rules,citizenship training and personal care.This is designed to help
them adjust themselves to prison life. At the same time that they go through the orientation process,they shall be interviewed and examined by members of the classification staff to determine their
weaknesses, capabilities, interests and are eventually assigned work assignments.
C. Good Conduct Time Allowance
As a reward for good conduct, diligence and loyalty, male and female inmates may have theirsentences diminished or reduced in the manner provided under the following schedule:
For good conduct,a prisoner will be entitled to five(5)days for each month of good conduct during
the first two (2)years of imprisonment;eight (8)days for each month from the third to the fifth yearof imprisonment;ten (10)days for each month from the sixth to the tenth year of imprisonment;and
fifteen (15)days from the eleventh and successive years of imprisonment;
A prisoner, who has attained the classification of colonist or trustee, shall be entitled to an
additional five daysʼgood conduct time allowance for each calendar month,while the prisoner retains
his or her classification, in addition to the credit allowance authorized in the preceding paragraph.A
prisoner serving a life sentence classified and retaining the classification of a colonist or trustee,shallhave his or her sentence automatically modified to thirty (30) years. However, for misconduct, acolonist or trustee may forfeit all special credits and the modification of his or her sentence.
A special time allowance for loyalty, consisting of a deduction of one fifth of the period of thesentence, shall be granted to any prisoner who ― having evaded the service of the sentence on theoccasion of disorder resulting from conflagration,earthquake,explosion,or other similar catastropheor during a mutiny,in which the prisoner has not participated ― shall have voluntarily surrendered tothe authorities within forty-eight (48)hours, following the issuance of a proclamation announcing theend of such calamity.
As a general rule, the twin mandate of the Bureau of Corrections as earlier stated, is to keep andrehabilitate the inmates until they are released by due process of law;to care for them while they areincarcerated;to reclaim them by environment and association,by intellectual and moral instructions,by industrial and practical teaching;and to train them to earn honest livelihoods in the future, thus
preparing them for re-entry into society as cured women mentally, physically and morally. They aretrained so that they will in the ordinary course of events be law-abiding and self-supporting membersof society.

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True to its main goal, to rehabilitate and not punish its inmates, “
The Open House”was created.
It was a rare privilege extended to the female offenders doing time in prison. This policy enabled
female relatives and minor children to stayovernight at the Institution on special occasions.Soon after,
the inmateʼs perception gradually changed.They embraced the programme and discipline followed.It
is because of that discipline and love for others that in spite of the dense population, the dormitories
have remained organized and clean without a whiff of unpleasantness.
D. Rehabilitation Programmes
The first step in our rehabilitation effort is to provide the basic needs of inmates as human beings.
The other steps in the rehabilitation process are the provision of work programmes, health care,education and skills training, recreation, sports, and religious guidance.
The chaplain service caters to the religious needs of inmates and personnel.Each of the prisons andsub-colonies has one organic chaplain and a church to undertake various religious worships andformations.
Health care for the inmates is provided through the NBP hospital and six other prisonsʼminihospitals/clinics. Serious cases that cannot be handled are referred to any government hospital in
M etro M anila.
The inmate work programme keeps the inmates busy, provides them money for their personal
expenses and family, and helps them acquire livelihood skills.
CIWʼs holistic approach to rehabilitation involves religion,education,livelihood and social skills ―all of which are needed for the inmatesʼpreparation for their release.
The inmates began getting involved with improving themselves and their home― the CIW.Becauseof a lack of funds,the CIW administration has resorted to creative means to improve its facilities.The
CIW has seen facilities being fixed or constructed with the help of the employees and inmates ― handin hand.
The men and women of the CIW have created something that not a lot of prisons have ― a family.
There is a genuine love present between the inmates and employees of the CIW. The success andstaying power of the CIW boils down to one universal concept ― love.
The Correctional Institution for Women (CIW)believes that the transformation ofthe inmates begin
with proper rehabilitation. The first step of which is when the prisoner admits wrongdoings andaccepts the situation. It is only through acceptance that the process can start.
The CIW has Reformation Programs, Performing Arts Groups and inmatesʼorganizations that
equip inmates with the necessary tools to ensure the institutionʼs goal― the re-entry ofinmates to theirrespective communities as spiritual, obedient and productive citizens.
Inmates have the opportunity to join counselling sessions, prayer meetings and recollections, hear
Holy M ass, and participate in Bible groups and other religious activities.Non-Catholics are welcome
at the Institution.Inmates are encouraged to practice their own religion as long as they are within thebounds of the freedom of religion.
Inmates are motivated to pursue their education at the CIW.The institutionʼ
s education programme
consists of a Computer Literacy Program,Vocational Courses from the Technical Education Skills andDevelopment Authority (TESDA) and the Alternative Learning System of the Department of Education: Basic Literacy, Lower Elementary Education (Grades 1-3), Advanced Elementary Education(Grades 4-6)and Secondary Education (High School).
The Education Program covers 25%-30% of inmates. The CIW also has year-long events that theinmates enjoy like the Linggo ng Wika, Sportsfest, Teacherʼs Day and festivals, to name a few. The
CIW makes certain that the inmates experience the same activities that students outside the institution

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experience as well.
Inmates who have gone through the programme have been promoted to being instructors themselves
after being evaluated.
Those programmes open doors for inmates to generate income while inside the institution. The
various agro-industrial projects allow the inmates to discover skills they may not have known prior tobeing incarcerated. The women are exposed to poultry and livestock farming, bead making, sewing,candle making and much more.
Projects like bead making highlight the imaginativeness of the women. Intricate bag designs andadorable key chains are just some of the womenʼ
s creations that have proved to be popular. The
Philippine flag design continues to be a crowd pleaser and has been used in different ways, like cell
phone charms, coin purses and ballpoint-pen holders. The beaded products are so popular that they
have even reached the shores of Dubai, the United Kingdom and Kuwait.
Besides daily morning workouts, the CIW promotes sports and exercise through its readily available activities, like volleyball, badminton and table tennis. The institution also holds annual sporting
events to compliment the programme.There are also indoor games that less active inmates can enjoy
as well.
The CIW houses several performing-arts groups that the inmates can join.Music is an integral partof the rehabilitation process. There are six performing groups at the institution:the Ati-atihan andDrums & Lyre, the Crossband Band, the CIW Dance Troupe, Tunog Kawayan, the CIW M usic
M inistry,and the CIW Chorale.These groups perform during special events at the institution or when
there are visitors.
The CIW Dance Troupe gives homage to our roots with their repertoire of modern and Filipino
dances.The Troupe practices every day and updates their choreography on a monthly basis.The mix
Filipino dances like singkil with contemporary music like Madonna showcasing an unforgettableperformance.
M edical and dental checkups are available to the inmates through the infirmary. There are also
medical missions throughout the year that the inmates engage in,thanks to the CIWʼs partner groups
and organizations.
With the success of these programmes in play, the inmates have better chances of adjusting andbeing assimilated into their communities after their release.

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