8３

PubIicAwarenessandEnvironmentaIEducation
inNewZeaIand:ABriefOverview
ｌｚｕｍｉＵＣＨＩＤＡ
Ｆｒｅｅｌ&mceWriter／Filmmaker／TransIator

ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴ

ＮｅｗＺｅａｌａｎｄｉｓｋｎｏｗｎａｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍ【〕stadvancedcountriesinel1vironmentalpolicies
andactivities,Becauseitisanislandcountrywithmanythreatenedendemicspecies,it
becameaworIdleaderintacklinginvasivealienspeciesandinpr〔)tectingthecountry
fromlurtherinvasion，ＨｏｗｅVer､IikewithKmyconservalionworkitwasessenlialtolFmin
supp()ｒｔｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｃ〔)untry､spublicloadval1ceenvironmentalaction、DurinRtheIast20
yearsNewZealalldhasgonethroughmaj()rrestructuringofg(wernmentalagencies・has

introducedcriticalelMronmentaIlegislationsandhasw(〕rkedhardtospreadlhemessage
toitspeople、Ｉｎｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒlheauthortriestogiveanoverviewofmajorelwironmental
movementsandcllangesingovernmel1IilIpoIiciesoftheIast20years、ａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｈ(〕wpublicawareness【lndenvironlnentaIeducationrosewilIlthelnｌｌＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮ

ＮｅｗＺｃｎｌａｎｄｉｓａｃｏｕｎtrythrivinRonilsIilrmingandt()urism・BoIhindustricsreIyheaviIyon
naturalresources，PeopleareRlI目oknownloloveoutdooractiviliesandtherearepIentyof

opportunitiｅｓｅｖｅｎｆＯｒｃｉｔｙｄｗｅｌｌｅｒｓｌｏｔｒａｍｐｉｎthemounlains､ｓａｉＩｏｎｔｈｅｓｅａ・ｏｒｎｓｈｉｎｔｈｃｒｉｖｅｒｓ、ThisisoneofthecountrieswherepeｏｐＩｅｎｒｅｃ〔)I鴫tantlyremindedthIlInatureisanintegraIp【lrlof
dailyIilCIbrbusiness､recreation,cultureandalsoaspiritu【11臼roundThus.＄〔)meoftheenvironmentaleducati(〕nhasbeendoneinaspontaneouswaylDralo1lgtime、ｂｙ￣ｈａｖｉｎｇｆｕｎ￣ｉｎｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒ(〕ｎｍｅｎＬＭｏｓｔｏｆｔｈｅＮｅｗＺｅａｌａｎｄａｄｕｌｔｓｈａｖｅｈ)ndchiIdbood

memoriesofgoingtobeautifUImounIainsandbemchesonIilmiIytrips､ａｎｄtheywanttokeepthem
lIlatwaylbrtheirchildrentoenjoyinthefulure、ItisagreatadvantaRe(】fthiscountry、However,inthebackground､ｔｈｅ響quality・ofthisenvironmenthasbeenconstanllydeteriorated
withoutthemajorityofpeoplereKllizingit･ＴｈｉｓdeteriorationwassteepestinthedecIineof
biodiversityandmanyanimalandpIantspeciesbecamelbreatenedmainlyfromlossofhabitala､dfromtheimpactcausedbyintroducedalienspecies・AlthoughtheNewZealandH()vernmenthad
beenprotcctingwiIdIifethroughleRislntionsuchastheN&ltionalParksA仁tinl952KlndtheWiIdIife
Actinl953thecrisiswasnotadver(ｉｓｅｄｔｏｔｈｃｐｕｂｌｉｃｉｎａｂｉＲｗａｙ、
２ＲＥＣＥＮＴＤＩＷＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＩＮＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＡＬＰＯＬＩＣＩＥＳＡＮＤＴＨＷＲＩＳＥ
ＯＦＰＵＢＬＩＣＡＷＡＲＥＮＷＳＳ

Ｔｈｉｓｓｉｔｕ&ltionhnschangedinrccenttimes・especialIyduringthelnst20years・Afteramajor
restructurmRofcentraIRovernme【1tagencies、NewZeaIand･sDeparlmentofConservationwas
estabIishedinl987,Itbecamealargeagencyresponsiblclbrprotectingthreatenedspecieｓａｎｄａｌｓｏｈ)ｒｍａｎａｇｉｎｇｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎａｔｈｉｒｄｏｆａⅡlandareasofNewZeaIand,ａｓｗｅⅡasmarineandfreshw&lter

environments・ToachicvemoreCffectivemanagementitnctiveIyinitiatedpartnershipsoutside

governmentalYencies・includingIocaIcommuni(ies・noLRovernmentalorRanizati〔》I1sandbusiness

mmmunilies・CommunicationbecamecrucialtoinvoIveawideIPrangeofpeople，ARoodexampIeof
thiswiIIbediscussedinPauIJansenspaper．

llIIい合わせ先２４CIydeStrcct,RosenealILDunedin､NewZeaIand

爾境我育ＶＯＬ〃-３

IzumjUrﾉ】』ぬ脚

Inl991theResourceManagementActtookeffbct,HlmaIgamatiI1gNewZealand・sIawsrelatingto
theuseanddevelopmentofland・airandwaterresourcesandconcentratingonmaJIagingthe

environmentaIeffeclsofhumanactivities・ＩｔｓｃｏｒｅｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｉｓｔｏｈｅｌｐａｃｈｉｅｖｅｓustainabilityinNew
Zealand（･Ｉ)．AnyonetryingtolakeadvantageofnaturaIresourcesinbarmfulwaywouldbe
restricted,ortheaclivityprohibited、TheActworksasmainenvironmentallegislationonhumanactivitiesanｄｔｈｅｐｕｂｌｉｃｂａｓｂｅｃｏｍｅａｗａｒｅｏｆｔｈｅｅf企ctsofeachdevelopme別talaction、
1,1993.NewZealandratifiedtbeConventionofBioIogicalDiversityand、biodiversity￣became
Ihekeyconceptfbrconservalionprojects・NowitwasmadecIearthalprotectingbiodiversity

requiresmoretbanoncagencyoragroupofpeople、ltneededeverybody，sinvoIvementandall
geographicalａｒｅａｓｈａｄｔｏｂｅｃ()nsideredashabitatfbradiverseliにCross-agencyorganizations(e､9．
TheCentralGovernmentCDordinatingGroupofBiodiversityChiefExecutives)ｗａｓｌＯｒｍｅｄａｎｄｉｎｔｂｅｙｅａｒ２０００ＮｅｗＺｅaIand.ｓＢｉ()diversityStratejgywasreIeased・TheNewZealandBiodiversity

StrategywasagoaI-settingactioかfbcusedstraIegy・ａｎｄiｎits“Theme8-CommunityParticipati〔)、&mdAwareness・someofitspriorityactionsreadaslbIIows(･2)．
ＯｶﾉemiVe8・ノα"Tm""ilWloWJだ''“Sα"ｄﾉ"w)ﾉＷｗｌＷ

ＥＭｕｎ“ロ"‘ｂｍｑ火lIilld八Ｍｲﾛｲﾛ"‘com胸lＩ"ｉｎｗ"*ｍｊａ"｡i"RubDmJbWn，e（ilWjnﾉwric"ﾉ“ﾉＶＰｗＺ&PqlU"ハi"digE'ToIlsbiodil,e砥jO･).ｎｍｄｉ"cre“ｅｃｏ"ｵﾚ"I"'ｉｎ,i"''０ｈ，ど''１F"『i〃rAF(.⑰'IJC､,α"p''ｑ'ｌｄＭｓＪｑｉｍＷｅｌｕ“ｑ/Ⅳcw

ZCqkJPTd･Jbmdn，e応ｉｎ,．
Ａｒ"o"s：(〃ルノｑＡＦｉ'1/b""('"(，'ｌｄｂＤｌＷ)jＭｎ，ｃＭｗｗｑｊｌｑﾙｨｨﾉﾉ'COP化α"droJ""u""i"“,ｒｅ化Ｍ"rlofheirm〔･ロノｅ'Ｍｗｌ"'2"1J(｢ﾉMr向,ひ'ｌＪﾉIecxrc'Jf(』'Ｍ'"α'ｌｑｇど"'ど"『"“ぬQ化(ｗＵｗｅ"'３，伽Jbilmsa"。"ｑｒｎ,巴叩Ecie3ハｍｅ'ｌｑｂ化『ｈｅ"Ｉ／Ｏ〃Ｉｄｋｅｄ巴(Pisjo"J〔''M/｢(ﾊc“Jip''1()ＳＩＷ，｡'ﾌﾞﾉﾊﾋﾟＣＯ"肥rwllio'1α"ｄＪｌＩ爪(ｑｉｎｑ雌Ｕｌｓ２ｑ／
biodnwTirv．

パハPlqve応:、()r,Ｍ/ＥＭＶｑＭ/ish,“J,Ｍ"i叩ＩＩ,ⅣGOS,、'''''1"'uiD.g'Tjllp(率ｺﾞﾉ
ﾜ⑰￣Biodiversity国ｉｓａｂｉｇａｎｄｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｃｏｎｃｅｐｔａｎｄｗａｓａｎｕｎｌｈｌｍｉｌｉａｒｗｏｒｄｔｏｍａｎｙｃｏｍｍｏｎpeople・
butafternumerouspubIicworksbopsandconsuItationsfOrthcBiodiversityStrategy・itbecame
surprisinglyweIlknown・ItreceivedfundingofNZ$l87miIIionoverthefirstlWeyears(･4).andsome
moneywasusedlbrspecificpublicawarenessprogrammes（･5)．NewpartnershipsweefOrmed
amonggovernmentagencies,non-governmentaIor恩anizationsjocalauthoritiesandcommunities､toachievespecilicgoalsintheBiodiversityStrategy，Theseorganizationsalsoplayedanimpor(antroleinvigorouspromotionofbiodiversity・
Ｉｎｌ９９３ｔｈｅＮｅｗＺｅａｌａｎｄｇｏvernmentalsoenfbrcednewlegisIationcaⅡedtheBiosecurityAcL
Whatisbiosecuritv？Theanswercanbelbundinit・spromotionaIwebsite(･6)ａｓbelow：~Eve（ollFj瓜(妖crCdbVbios2rllrinw、BiDse(･MrilyJq/bglJ(l〃FⅣ２Ｗ垂(Jlm,,“どＣＤ"(,"Ｗα"‘elwim"me"',plIr

ACqﾉ｢/i,ｐＩｌｒｐｌ(【'118α'1“'Iil"`】ん,α"。/ＭＷ)rMJp"lWl(*7ﾉﾉ)Ｗ'1ＩＡＢ〃sAsq/illr'､、“`p“ｒｓａ'ZddjsmF“.ＡＳＷピルJF

rlTiljgroﾉ,'well『'ｌｅｗｐ“『ｓα"`ＭｉＦＦ““,ａＭｌ"１Ｍα'１『P。《J'１i"Ｍｌｑ"。''ﾉα"fspcri“/)ｗ〃arrjU,i"9,biolre(ｗｒｉパ

j"''０ｈ．esgc"i"ｇｒ〃q/F("１．ｍ'１『'vWi'ｌＲｆﾉFoselﾉ『(〃(''Ｔｄｌ'てPdJ小賑,正,..．

“BiosecuritymwasalsoanewconceｐｔｗｈｉｃｈｄｉｄｎｏｔｓｐｒｅａｄｓｏｅａｓｉｌｙａｍｏngpeopIe､untilin2001，
epidemicFootandMouthDiseaseprevailedinEngland，AsafarmingandtourismcountryNew
ZealandwasonfullaIerttopreventinvasionbysuchadisease,NZgovernmentdrasticallyincreased
itsbiosecuritｙbudget､FootandMouthDiseasecouIdbecarriedbyanytourists,sobordercontrol
becametigI1terandabigpubIicawarenesscampaiRnstartedinSeptember2001cnIled轡Protect

NewZealand.｡（･8)．LeadaReIlcyforthebiosecurity・MinistryofARricuItureandForestry・

implementedNZS28millionawarenessandeducationprogrammes(･9)．TVcommerciaIs・numerous
brochures，newspaperal1dma鷹azineartic1es・ａｓｗｅｌｌａｓａｗｅｂｓｉｔｅｗｅｒｅｃｒｅａｔｅｄｆＯｒthecampaiIm．
環境教育ＶＯＬＩ４－３

ＰｌＪＭｒ/IwaIw】ｅｓｓｍｄＥｍ'1,,"JeJJmlEducatjbJljnﾉVどｗＺＣ（llaJJdf／ｌＢＩ九'０Ｗ八泥ｗ錨

Throulmthiscampailmitstronglypasscdonthemessageoftheimp(〕rlance()ftheNewZeaIandenvironment、

InAuHust2003,theBiosecurityStraIe鷹ylbrNewZeaIandwaslHluncbed（､10)．Therearemany
overlapsinconcepts，goals・ａｎｄ&lclionsbetweentheBiodiversilyStrategy【mdtheBiosecurily
StmtegyTheBiosecurityStriltegyi§seeI】aspartoltheBiodiversityStm【elgy(･'1)．
３ＰＲＯＧＲＥＳＳＩＮＴＩＩＥＰＵＢＬＩＣＡＷＡＲＥＮＥＳＳ

Ｓ()whataretberesults〔)falltheseIeRislationsandcampaigl1s？
IntbeThirdAnnualReportoftheNewZealandBiodiversityS1rateRypublishedin2003（､12)．
pr〔〕gressreviewonObjective8」says：

α"'"ｌｌＭＷ''wﾉﾊ，cwJc"lincwlwu'ﾛﾉi(j〃α"‘r“､、"o"〃'ﾏﾘe“hJ“jN''(/k･ａ'Jrh，hJc7“Fcdj〃Ｍハ〃ｌｍﾉα"‘'ｲ地α'】α花(ＩＦ.〃、'･巴U“'/'2”iwj〃ｗｉ(/eﾊﾂﾞwJrjf(ﾉ'''ldeMJ'ldmgQﾉﾉﾊFCC"(.(7)'＠'６i(ｘｌｎ'２応ｉｎ.ｆ､'Uds-p"M〃orrq"drm"'j"gjsbfi"ｇｐ'T’'化左｡〃｢〔幻'""I'ｌ"jrIwrplJpB,〃'ｨ"leJV〕ｌｌＪｐｌＭａＪｌｉ(''ｉｆハ〔Jwl)“'''’'7jdtｨc2‘i"qwlrj21:ｗゾ'"f(ﾉjα,α"‘ＤＯＣﾉMs〃r"ＩＦ‘Ｉ，(lrr"どパノｌｊｐｓＭハノ､(wlbDdi“''０ルバ(ﾊﾟF'w"'f"『()噸α'１jご(ｌ"()'１ｓ【''1Jjwj(*ﾉｺﾞﾉ『`，
ｐ、"lol2M)`八Ｗ･弧パα"‘“"『"IRU"ｉｎｊ"ｗ)ｌｗｗｌＦ"ノｊ〃ルcロノ《〃eqJ，ノト化グパ’ＩＣ腓1VｲｸｗｎJ"ＩＦ"ｒＤｎＶ《"liごqrm"sqr《′c('""jbmjnlgFijl''(/、''"ﾉＷＤｒﾉiisﾉﾉICP"F,ＭﾉﾘＭｉ〔)ルⅡw北eliwMwﾉｖｔｗ塗(uh"'ｄし"ｌｄａＪ'で7)w“ＪｌＩＦＲｏｗｌ〃'ぜ〃α"ｄＢｉｎﾉＰ庇"ecrip'ＩＳＤ〔WPn，,α"(川I/ＷＦ：

ＡⅡinalldifficuItconceptssuchasbiodiversityandbiosecuritybecameｍｕｃｈｍｏｒｅ“tolerabIe~･orfamiliarwordsｔｏｍｏｓｔＮｅｗＺｅａｌａｎｄｅｒｓｉｎｌｈｅｐａｓｔｌＯyearsPeoplealsobecamemoreconsciousof
theirnaturalberitageandilsuniquenessandfeelproudofit，especiallywhentheyaregivena

chancet(》beinvolvedintheprojects・Ｉｔｓｅｅｍｓｔ(Dmclhattherearesever【lIreasonsfbrthe§uccessinachievinghi月hIeveIofpubIicawarenessinNcwZeaIand：・StronRcross･agencyiniIiativebygovernmenI．
・PartnershipsamonggovernmenlaIaRencies・Iocalauthorities・non-RovemmentalorRanizations・businesscommunitiesandlocalcommunities．

・Cleargoalsetting,practicalaclionpIanandconstaI】lreviewofthepr()鷹ress．
・PeopIearenotonlyprovidedwithknowIedRe､butarealsoHivenchancesloparlicipateinthe
projects(action-mcus)．
・GencrousbudgetaIIocationsbycentralandIocaIIFovernmentandfromvariouscommunilies．
・FriendIyandeasy､to-understandal〕profIchtotbcsubjecLincIudinRTVcommercmIs､ＴＶ
ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｍｅｓ(､14).websi(es,animatioX1sandRames(･'5)．
・People・sgemeralinterestinnatureandtheirfrequcntexposuretooutdooractivities．
・Popul8ltionsize・ＮｃｗＺａｌｌａｎｄｈａｓａｓｍａＩＩｐ(〕pulati(〕nof4miIlion､whichmakcsiteasiertoget
messagesthrough．

・Commercialconcern.Ｐr〔〕tectinHnaturaIheritageiscruciaIltDrmanybusinesse5oflhiscouI1try、
４ＥＩＷＩＲＯＭＥＮＴＡＬＥＤＵＣＡＴＩＯＮＩＮＰＲＩＭＡＲＹＡＮＤＳＥＣＯＮＤＡＲＹＳＣＩＩＯＯＬＳＷｈｉｌｅａｌＩlhenewIeRislati()nwasiInplementcdandcampailmswerecarriedout・aframeworkfbr
environmentaleducationinpubIicschoolswasalsopreparedlntbeBiodiversityStratejgy￣Theｍｅ
８－CommunityParticipationandAware､CSS,,(･'６)．specificIgoalsandpriorityacti〔)nfor
environmentaIeducationwasstatedasbel()ｗ、

Ｏｈ/c〔Ｔｉｗ８ＪＥｍｲﾊﾞﾉ"mFnr(ＪｌＥｔｌＩｌ(･("i､'１ＥＷ"。α"`ノＦ"肱"ｌｃｃｃ(ｊｌＩ｢qrio〃（ＪｂｏｌＩｒＭｊｄｎｗ懇in(ｌＪＭＪＡＦｗノビ"ＩＦ"’ｉ〃(ん,ｗｌ”ｊ"ｇｅ'パノバ)'『'"c'『'(JノｃｄｌＩ〔ｗｉＤｊｌ
ｐｍｇｍ"l"lFNMJ"ｺﾞﾛ(､'八ijrr肘．
A【Pjipll舟：ﾛノノレＷｇｍｒｅｂｍｄｉＷパｉｎｃ()肌WdrlWjp"Ｆｉ〃rﾉI2j"ﾘﾉ,雌"､ど"Ｍ"o〃イゾ、ＦＭ"io'Ｍ/Ｓ"ｎｋＷ)．/ｂｒ⑧”て)""I(，"rｕｌ礪掩教がＶＯＬＩ４－３

lZumjUrhjUa

8６

Ethrq"('",incl"di"ｇｌｈｅｄｅｌ'２lb'''１２'Ilq/ellW'１Ｊ'】"DC"ｌｑにdMzJrio"Ｃｌｨ'７７CIIﾊｲ'"glljdﾋﾚﾉjlles/brscﾉIools,『ﾉIE
esMblﾊﾟﾙ'1e'1「｡「α'1i〃senしjcelmi"jlW)、1V'wlll"lc/ijrraJcﾉＩＦ'Tα'WfgH“"cピノbrlDcamMrhori"“
胸，Ｐﾉnye(ｆＭ/ＥＤｏＧＭｏＥＷ*ﾉﾌﾉ

AnexcitingaspectofenvironmentaIeducationislhefacｔｔｈａｔｉｔｃａｎｃｏｎｎｅｃｔａｗｉｄｅｒａｎｇｅｏｆ
ｔopicsandstudyareas:fromsciencetosocialstudies･ｆｒｏｍoutdooractivitiestonatuICart・However・
ｉｔｃａｎａＩｓｏｂｅｄｉｆｆｉｃｕＩｔｔｏｂｒｉｎｇｉｔｉntoaschoorscurricuIum・EnvironmentalｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎｉｎＮｅｗ
ＺｅａＩａｎｄｉｓｎｏｔａｃｏｍpulsorycurricuIumareaonitsown,likematbematicsorEngHSh，Ithastobe
chosenbyteachersasasubjecta】UdshouldbeincorporatedintothecurricuIum
lnl999・theMinistryofEducationpublisheｄｉｔｓ℃uidelinesfbrEnvironmentalEduca1ioninNew
ZeaIandSchooIs,,(｡18)．TheguideIine,slOcusisonplanningandimpIemenlimgenvironmentaI
educationprogrａｍｍｅｓａｓｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅ図NewZeaIandCurricuIumFramework面imprimaryand
secondaryschools(･19).TheseguidelinesexpIoretheexamplesofstudentactivitiesandhowthose
activitiescanbeaccountedlbrinoneoftbecurricuIumareas．

However,producinlgtheGuidelinesisonlyhaIfthestory.Unlessappliedtotherealclassroom・ifs

goodintentionwillbewasted、Unlbrtunately、ｔｈｉｓｗａｓｔｈｅｃａｓｅｎｔＩｅａｓｔｌＯｒａｗｈＵｅ，Accordingto
research，ｏｎｌｙ６９６ｏｆｔｅａｃｈｅｒｓｉｎＩｈｅＯｍｇｏｒeHionwereu&ingtheGuidelinesfOrEnvironmental
EducationinFebruary2002(･20Lwhichmeansthatlbrthreeyearstbeguidelinesgathereddustin
thecomerofschools,referenceshelves．

Ｔｈｅｒｅare，however，organizationsthatbavebeenfiⅡｉｎｇｔｈｅｇａｐ・Onesuchexampleis
EnviroschooI，IfanyschoolisinterestedinbecominlHenvironmel1tallyfriendIyiｔｃａｎｓｉｇｎｕｐｔ〔）ａｔhree-yearcourseandEnviroschoolwiIIsendatrainedlaciIitatorR)ｒｕｐｔｏ８０ｈｏｕｒｓｐｅｒｙｅａｒ・ａｓｗｅⅡ
asprovidinganexteI1siveresourcekit，InadditionEnviroschoolaIsoruns制ｎＡｗａｒｄＳｃｈｅｍｅ,ＩＤr
whichschoolscanachievebronze､siIverorgreen/goldIevels(､21)．

ThisproJectisrunbyHIcharitHlbIetrustcalIedtheEnviroschoolFoundation、Itsconceptwas
originaIlydeveIopｅｄｉｎｌ９９３ｂｙｔｈｅＨａｍｉＩｔｏｎＣｉｔｙＣｏｕｎｃiIinNewZealamd,sNorthlsland、Nowtbe
trustoperateswithinapartnershipoftbeMinistryofEnvironmenLDepartmento（Conservation・indigenousgroups・variouslocalauthorities・universitiesasweⅡａｓｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙｇｒｏｕｐｓ・The
participatingschoolnumbersareincreasingeveryyear．

ＩｎｔｈｅＴｈｉｒｄＡｎｎｕａｌＲｅｐｏｒｔｏｆｌｈｅＮｅｗZeaIandBiodiversityStrategy・publishedin2003（･22)．
prolgressreviewonObjective8,３says：
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