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University）

・PlenaryDiscussionIILPcdagogy／TeachinRMethods＆ProgrammeDeveIopmen世

presentedbyDr・JosephHeimIich(OhioSlateUniversi(ylI)r・LucileGREGORIO・ａｎｄＤｒ・Shinichi

FURIHATAUapanNatureGameAssoci811i(DJ》
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chairedbyDr･LucileGREGORIO・andProfKKlzuyukiMIKAMI(MiyagiUniversityofEducaIion）･GroupDiscussionlV.Ｍ〔)nitoringandEvaIuatioIl：
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８

ＡＮＡＬＹＴＩＣＡＬＲＥＰＯＲＴＡＧＥＮＤＡ１：LearningFromEnvironmentaIEducationPractices
Moderalor:ＯｓＫｌｍｕＡＢＥ(RikkyoUniversily）

Rapportcur:ＲｉｅｌＭＯＴＯ(FukuokalnstitutcofTechnology）
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CI1inaflreanaIyzcdal1dthepapernun1bersal･cInadequantitystatisticlhelklcIthatEEresealrch
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ＤＩＳＣＵＳＳＩＯＮＲＥＰＯＲＴＡＧＥＮＤＡ２:ConnectingEEPracticesandTheories
GroupDiscussionl：Primary＆SecondawEducation
ToshihikoANDO(SaitamaUniversity)and
Sun-KyungLEE(CheongjuNationalUniversityofEducalion）

Rapporteur:YasuolKARI(EnvironmentalLcarI1ingCentres,Networkofjapan）
Ｔｏｐr(widethepIatIbrmandraisin間i旨sucsfOrdiscussiononEE/ESI）impIemenlalionandresearch
inpriｍａｒｙａｎｄｓｅｃ()ndHlrycducation,lhreepresentalionsweresharedwithparticipants．

First・Ｓｕ⑪KyungLecRaveapre1wIlI&ltiontitled．“にﾛﾉio"/ＩＤ'･SlIWj"(Jb化、どｗｍ""ＩＣ"rfArpluJVA

aMT"l",『"ｊｑ化tﾊｲ(･(J"｢)〃j〃Ｐ｢""ａｎ．ｑ"(/Ｓ《,(･けＭＪﾊ.Ｓむん〕()んinKWrP〔I.、whcresbeintroducedvariousEE

praclicesinscbooIs､ｓｕｃｈａｓＥＥｉＩｌｔ(J円【･ationint(wKlrioussubjecls・discretionaIHlclivities､ａｎｄ･Elwironment．／,ECCI０円ｙ＆Envir(Dllmcn（astheindepeIlden【seIeclivesubjects・Sheshowedlbur
quali【ｙｃｔｌｓｅｓｏｆＥＥｉｎｐｒｉｍａｒｙａｎｄｈｉ鷹hschools､wbichreHectedESD．
ＩｔｗａｓＭｌｏｗｅｄｂｙＭａｓａｋａｚｕＧ()t【)，ｓＩ〕resentati()I1litled．S〔･』(?"〔'('-〔wlrfreJ('"。Ｆ化ﾉ(/ｗＤｒ４ｂｑ“(ノノ"'〔Ｗｗ肥。Ｌ[wwj"JVMﾉ『ぬ)(･(,Ｍ(･"ひ"・ｗＪ"。ＣわりqlPc柳)『(･ｒｎ'(,Jr.、ＨｅｓｈａｒｅｄｌＩ】eintegratedcurricuIumal)dte&lcbingmethodinl1ispresentalioI1・wI1ichhehaddewlopeddurinRa521juniorhiＩＪＩ急chooIsciencc
teachcr､ＨｅａＩｓ()explainedhowEar1hSysIemEducalion・ｏｎwhichI1iscurricuIumwasbalsed・couId
bereIHltcdtovariou§ilspec(ｓｏｆｃｏｍｍ〔)ｎｅＩｅｍｅｎｌｓｏｆＥＳＤ．

ThennalpresenIali(〕I】、ＥｍＷｗｌ"ｌｗＩｌ(イノ低ﾉ"(･(Ｗｗｌｊ〃〃(l"〔)ｊＣｉｎ，，ｗｅ"Ｍ"ｌｗａｓｇｉｖｅｎｂｙ RyojilzumL
ｗｌ１ｉｃｈｄｅａＩｔｗｉｌｈｔｈｅＢ()E､sinternali(〕I】alEEcoopcratioIlprojeclk)ｒｌｌ【lnoi・Ｖｉｅｍａｍ、 Thisprojecl
aｉｍｓtoimproveawarenessandenhilIlceunderslandilMgonenvir()nlneIllalissuesof teacherｓａｎｄ§tudentsinschoolsinllanoiCily､whichbeganin2005andwillcontiIlueuntil2007．

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centcrs、ａｎｄｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｌｙｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ（〕r円aniznti〔)ns、ｗｂｅｒｅｔｈｅｙＩ〕r“entedsh()rlcommentsoll
preseIItHltionsanddiscussionre鷲ardinREE/ESDissuesinprimarvalld5ccondaryeducati()、based()nlheprcsentationsandthcirowncxpcrieIlces．

｣Ｍ(』"(）'Ｍ"，ｂｅｎ１ｗｌｌ雄(l"(ﾉＥＳＤｗａｓｌｈｃｍｏＨｔｐ()pulRlrlyissueraised,whi[ｈｗａｓｄｉ§cussedoverand(ｗｃｒａＨｉＩｉｌｌｉｎＩｅｒｍｓ()ldcfiniti()､,pIlilos()phyandpurp()se,etc,ＭａＩｌｙＩ)ilrticipantsconsideredESDa急IIlel)'･()HlderconceplIh【lnEEasitindudedotherl〕crspectivesIikehuInal1rigI1(saI1dcuItlIre､etc.
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would(werwhclmnaIure.centered(orl1ature-oriented）ＥＥ､OntheolIlerIlaund､thcrcwHlsacomment
thattcachersshouIdn()ｌｐａｙｍｕｃＩ】iI11entiontothedistinctionbctｗｃｃｎＥＥａｎｄＥＳＩ）becausetIle

mostimp()rtantthillNiIlcducati()､all〕racliceisdevel()pinghumimity,81,〔IrelininRthcdistinction（)ｆ
ＥＥ/I2SI）。()ｅｓｎｏｔｃ()nlributctothHltH()HIL

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issueiIlthediscussion・Teacbersfr()melemenIaryandhighsch〔)oIsmeIIIionedIhalESDseemedl(）

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integrateEE/ESDinIosubjecIsinschoolsorh〔DwtoteachEE/ESDintheir()wnsubjectsAls()some
peoplementi()nedtheimp()rt8ll1ceofinlerdisciI)linaryapproKlchbasedonthecaseofspeciaIeducati()ninonenewschool．

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discussiollltwassaidthaIscIl〔)()Isneed(ｘｌＩ〕al･lllershipswithlocalc(〕mmuIlitiesandenvir(Dnmental
円roupsinordertooffbrbelterESDprolgrHlIns､wherethepar(icipationsh()lIIdno1bemerelvhelping
inclassroomsbutmoresub部antialonesiIlcludinHpIanniIMgandmanaHinlE【theenvir(〕､men１．７７１２i"ＩＰＯ"α"rr(ﾉﾉ(,('α⑪lli"曲｢'wﾉﾊ，(,ｗ(w､"Ｊｓｕｃｈａｓｌｌ１ｅｂｏａｒｄｓｏｆｅｄｕｃＨltionwasmcntionedusinHthecase(〕fnJHlpalleseI()calboard()｢(Jducation,whicllcoordinatedtheeventonlherehHlbilimtionoftheI()calTsurumiRiver,TheboardiIwitedteachersHIndN(}ＯｓｔＤｔｈａｔｅｖｅｎｔｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｌ(〕iIlcreaseparlicip8ltionｏｆＮＧＯｓｉｎｐｒｉｍａｒｙａｎｄｓｅｃ()ndaryeducalioI1．

A"i"Ｉ｡“()rMi鮴〔ﾂﾞrcqc/ＩＦ'･Ｍｊｗ(''7ﾉ“Ｄｗｅｒ“l§ｏdiscussed.Ｉtwascommentedthalleachersncededl(〕havetbeirownvisionHlndpassionｌｂｒＥＳＩ).ｓｏthatlheyshouIdbeeI1coura円edtoconductreal

actionandt(）devcloptheir()wl1teachinjgmalcriHlIs､Thereｗ【lsacommenlsIKltingteachersllceded
logivepupiIshopesthattheiractioncanInHlkedif化rencestowardsasustainablesociety．
AfIerlhese(xDmments,par(icipHlntsweresulglgEstedtodiscus＆olIlhelblIowiIlHquesIions：ノ.Ｍ１〔''("〔,ﾉﾉIFrl･irel･ﾉﾛﾉiDrvll(ｌｌｊ凪･ＥＳＤｒ“(ｗ"ﾉ)""'(【ﾊ､α"“ＰＭＩ(ﾉｾｨﾊﾟﾊﾟ(･ﾉｗﾉHIP
２．１Ｗ'〔〃("ｗﾉ'どけﾉ･nP2m("･(･んI"(,"R(Psi〃ｊｌＩｌﾉ)l(ｗ'(,"Ｊｊｌｌｇ“、？
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』.jhhDw(･('〃lrDse【"てハα〕"ﾉﾉ･肋阯,｢()駆りi"'"/(ｗ'('"ﾉ('"()〃ｏｒﾉﾌﾞ'ｗ"〔)"()"？
TheactuaIdiHcussion､however､wasmorepmcticaIIhansulgge部cd・ItfOcuse(lonhowteacherscouId

impIemeJ1tESDinclassrooII1蔦ｔｍｄｈ(〕wpr5lcIitionersandscholarscouIdhclpthemTherewasa
proposalt(）documentgoodESDtcacbinHpracti(ＢｅＨｔｈａｔｗ()ｕｌｄｂｅｕｓｅｆｕＩｆｉ)rlcachersincIassr()oｍｓ
ａndmanypHlrIicipantsexpressedtlleirsiuI)p()ｒｔｔｏｔｈｉｓｐｒ(〕p()saLThcrewasaconsensusthal

providingiIlh)ｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｎ９ｌ,(JﾉjlUwwwsイゾＥＳﾉ〕inAsiaaIudPacificcountriesw()uIdbchclpfullOrteachersiIlscbools・Parlicip：lntspointed（)ultIIatperceptioIlo〔ａｎｄｐｒＨｌｃｔｉｃｃｓｉｎＥＳＤｍｉＲＩｌｔｂｅ
different＆１ｍ(〕IlRdiHerentc()untries、ｓｏlhHllpublishing組ｂ()okIetofqu2llilycasesofESDwouId
contribulet()improvecommunictltionam()n円(P()untries．

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ｈｏｗｔｂｅｙｈＨｗｅｄ()ｎｅｉｎａｃＫｌｓ(ｊｂｕｌａｌｓｏｃ()nt(jxIualinfbrmatioIusuchassociD-ec()nomiccircumstances
andcommunilyandgovernmentsupp()ｒＬＩｌｗ[ｌｓａｌｓｏｃｏｍｍｅｎｌｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｐｒ〔)cessofwritinlgqualitv
ESDrequircsskillsandlIle｢ｅｓｈｏｕＩｄｂｅｗ(〕rktih()ｐｓｔ(）impr(ｗｅｓｕｃＩ１ｓｋ雌§(）lllatclearcasesludies
couldbeeslablishedltwa§ｋ)ｌｌｏｗｅｄｂｙｐ()iIltinHoutofﾉﾙ゛i"'”"`｢"(･ど(ｿ,.cｗ(･ハincolIectinRquaIi1ycasesandnndiI1gthequalitycriterink)ｒESI)．

Inaddition（()thcquaIitycHIRcsdocumentRIti()I】.(ＭｌＭＷ"JWr加,〃"Jlfwo汰允rﾉﾋﾟＳＤｗａｓａＩｓｏｓｕＲ鷹ested・ItwasbecauseinterprctallionｗｏｕＩｄｌ)ｅＩｌｃｅｄｅｄtｏｍａｋｅｏｒｓｕｇｇｅｓ（ｍｏｄｅＩｓｆｏｒｇｒ(lspinR
environmenlaIprobIems・n5lturaIdisas(ers（､｢（〕lllerESDrclatcdi§suesslrIlaspeaceandhumanrights､ortoHuidestakeh()l(IcrstostarlKKli()ｎｓｉｎｔｈｅｉｒ〔)wncontexts、１１()ｗいPer・ｉｔｗａｓｎｏＩｆｕⅡy
discussedbe(Bauscoflimeconslraints．

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participantsoltIlisconkJrcn(DeshouIdplayHInindispensaI〕ｌｅｒ()IeIobuiIdHlninIernationall(PHlrIling

communilybylinkingthe(〕ricsaIldpraclices5ucllascoⅡeclinHqualitycas“andfurtherworks．

ＥｌｖｖＪｌ?ＯＮＭＥＭｒＡＬＥＤｕｃ/ｌＷｏｊｖｖＯＬ・ｌａＮｏ,３〃

ＤＩＳＣＵＳＳＩＯＮＲＥＰＯＲＴＡＧＥＮＤＡ２:ConnectingEEPracticesandTheories
GroupDiscussionmHigherEducation＆EducatorTraining
ＨｅｒｂｃｒｔＤＯＮＯＶＡＮ(RikkyoUniversity)．

Ｔ(〕shihikoHIGUCIII(TokyoGakugeiUI1iversiIy)．
nl1dTzuchauCIIANG(NationalTaiwanNormalUI1iversity）
Rapporteur:HerbcrｌＤＯＮＯＶＡＮ(RikkyoUniversily）
Ｂｃｌｂｒｅｄｉ＆(ussioI1.（herewcresomcquesIi()Ｉ１ｓａｎｄｃ()mmentstothcIburpresenters､Ｄｒ,Ｃｈ２ｌｎｇＩｒｏｍ
ＮＴＮＵ，Ｉ〕r，Kob〔)ｒｉ［romMusasllilnstilulc（〕ｆＴｅｃｈｎ()l(〕lgy、ａｎｄＩ)r・IIilgu〔ｈｉｆｒ(〕InToky(DGakuHei
UniversiIv・AfterIhat・lI1c間r()upwHl§dividcdint(）lwosubHroupsal】ｄｈａ(l［ruilluIdiscussi()nｓ(〕ｎｔｈｃ
ｌｗ(）themcs・Aftcrthesediscussi()ns．ｐ&lrIicipaIIIssharcdtIleinh)rmalioIlandre&ults（)ldiscus§i()nfr(〕meachworksbI〕p､ａｎｄI()Ｏｋｅｄ(ltrelatioI鴫belwecneachtheme．

Inthequcstionsession，、｢．Ｋ〔)1〕ｏｒｉｗｉｌ；askcdHIbou【Ｉｈｅｓｌｌａｐｅｏｆ仁oIlHlb〔)rKl(ionbelweenthe

universityandIhclocalc()mmunity、Ｍｒ,IIHlrada5uggesl(JdtbeUniver葛itysbouldI1otoI】lysupport

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thcUS・IlesaidlhatuniversitiesintheUSｈａｗｅａｌｓ(）leanedfr()ｍｔｈｉｓｋｉｌ１ｄｏｆ()utreachtbatIlMw

mustconIribute(ｃｏｍｅｉｎ１ａｓ（ｌｃ〔)Iwener&ｌｎｄｆ孔cililalor,11()Ｉａｓｌｈｅｓ()urce()ｆｋｎ()wlcdRe,()rclaimiI11g
l(）ｋｎｏｗｌberiRhlway、T11pIayin皿ｈｅｒ(D1eolexI〕ert・whicbwasdoneinlIlepasI､ｗｅｃｕＩ（)urseIves

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nlldresourccsaw(lyfromcomml1nilvinv(〕lvemenl．

MlerllIequeslions【lnddi§cussi()11.Ihelgr()uI〕ｓｄＭｄｅｄｔｏｃ(Dnsider5eparaIclvthesctwoquestiolls：■

LWhatkiIldofcapaciIy/aI〕iliIy（､〔scll()(Dlleachcrs/ｃ〔)、、unitylcadersshouldbedeveloped&ll
uI1iversilyandtcHlchertr(lining？

｡〕￣･

WhatkiIldofeducalionallproHramsilluniversilicsan(lleachcrlrailIiI1円ｃ()ursesarerequiredIi)ｒ

ＥＥ/ESDiI1cIudiIlgeduC【lli〔)naIHII)pr()､に11？

111theirnnswert(DQuesti()nLllIcgroupli§tedthcIDll()wiIlRkeywordsfbrcapa(j(y/abilily､grouped
hercint()Ｒ)urcHlteIgories：

1.0p【imislicPers()I1aIIity
・ＩＩＧｐｅ・Conndence＆attiludc
2､Skills
・Conln1uIlicaIi()、
・Facililation

ＥＮＩ７ＲＯ八ＰＭＥｊＷＸ４ＬＥＤＵＣＷ７ＯＮｌ､ＯＬ１ａＭｌ３

〃CrbertDaVOVAlMTDshjMto〃IC【ﾉＣＨ７ｉｌＪ】ｄＴＺ【に/laIJC〃ＡJVC｣２

3.ComprehellsivePerspective
・ＷｉｄｅＶｉｅｗ.Ｃ０ｍｍ()ｎＵＩ】derstandingofESD
4・Participation
・CommunitylnvoIvcment
・P1ace:understandinglocalarea

TIlegroup8llsoemphasizedhavingaplace（ohavepracticaItrainingandexperience,thatchildrell
shouldbehelpedtodevelopcerlainc【lpabiIitiesHlndcapacities・ａｓｓｈ〔)uldteachers・ａｎｄｔｈｎｔｂｏｔｈ

ｓｈｏｕｌｄｌｅａｒｎｈｏｗｔｏＲ〕rmaRreements・Ｔｈｅ円roupalsothouRlltthatESDcouIdbeseparated・ｉｎthe
scnse()ｆ“Ｅ”：fbreducationability/cap&lcitylbrtheteachers､such8lsmnkinRngreements・ａｎｄ“Ｓロ：fbrsustainabIedevelopmentabili(y/capacity､proccsseslhatl1eedIobeconsideredandorlYanized．

Question2:Whatkindofeducati()nalproRraIninuniver5ityandteachertrainingcourseisrequiredh)ｒＥＥ/ESDincIudingcducationalapproach？

Assumptions
Sciencewillalreadybecoveredin thecllrriculumsowefbcusedo、education・
TherewerclburbroadcateHories， Ｔｈｅ()reticil1basc,ThiIlkill鷹skills､Tcchnicalskills,andApplicati()、skills

TheoreticalBases：.Ｌe孔rnin鷹Theory
・InstructionaITheory
・CurriculumTheory

・MeasurementAssessmenl(bo(henvironnlentilndlearniI1R）

TheoreticalfOundationsofEE/ＥＳ、・ThinkixlHSkills
・CriticaItbinking.、ecision-making/problemsolving.Ｃ()mparativestudies
lnquiry-basedlearning

・TechnialISkills.ScienceskiIls
・SocialScienccskills
・Communica(i〔〕nskills

ApplicHltionSk雌・Methodsoflnstru[tion・IntcgratedInterdisciplil18lryIcarninH・CriticaIThinking
・Ilolislicapproach・AppIiedintelgrativelearIling・Actionresearch・ScrviceLearning
・CommunityService.Ｃ1&lssr()〔)InM8malIement

ｊＷＶｊＲＯｌＶＭＥＭＭＬＥＤＵＣＡＴＪＯＮＶＯＬｊ５ＵVDL3

AGIENnl2CbnnerlimH醗胱rlhPcsimdTheDI7BsCmUpDjsrussiDnH:lljIMlerEducHriDn＆EUu“IorT1milliljJF13

ＷｅｓｈａｒｅｄｔｈｅｏｕｔｃｏｍｅｏｒｅＨｌｃＩｌgroup･sdiscussionandlookeddlllherelationshipbe【ｗｅｅｎｌｈｅｔｗ(〕
lopics･Ｉｔｉｓｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｌ（ＣＣＩ】】phnsizethatthema11ysingIepI1ri1se：thntweproposedllere（)、ＥＥ

Ｉeadercapaci1yandeducatiDnnIpl･(》gram/approacharenotfinill（X)nclu5ions.Ｍany（)ftI】eDhmses
3ujgIgcstedinourgrouplldi5cu鵠ionwcreintmduced()ｎＩｙｂｙｃ()mmcHtsthatparticipHmt5dc:cribed(〕ｎＥＥ/ESDineachcountrytllr()u悪lllheirexperience,Therelbre・weshouldregardthesepllrilH“Ｈ１ｓｎｂａ乳elbrfUturediscussioIMllldexnminethemagainnextIime．

WCC()nductedonIymuzldtHlblcdiscussionsthistime・ＩｆｗｅｃｏｕＩｄｈａｖｅａｃｌ】ancetodiscussHlbqut
EE/ＥＳ、】Fese副rcbIookilu円oneHU（atimeatspecificeduc8hti(〕ＩｌａＩ１〕raclices，ｉｔｗｉⅡbeaIIexCel1cnt
ｃｏｍｐＩｅｍｅｎｔｔｏｔｈｅｗｏｒｋｗｅｂ&ｗｅnccompIishedinthisconmrence．

EjVVlj?ＯｊＶＭＥｊＶＴＡＬＥＤＵＣＡＴＩＯﾉVVOLJ5jVDL3

1４

ＤＩＳＣＵＳＳＩＯＮＲＥＰＯＲＴＡＧＥＮＤＡ２:ConnectingEEPracticesandTheories

GroupDiscussionmPedagogy/TeachingMethods＆ProgrammeDeveIopment

KazuyukiMIKAMI(MiyagiUniversityofEducation)，
andLucilleC､ＧＲＥＧＯＲＩＯ(UNESCONaIionalCommissionoflhePhilippines）

Ra])porteur:YasuolKARI(Environment【llLearningCcnlrCs・NetworkofJapan）
GroupDi§cussionudividedinlw()mini-gr(〕up5to6m§ｗｅｒｔｈｅＲ)Ⅱ()Wing：

・Ｔｏｐｉｃｌ：WhataretheeffCctivePedago円y/TeachiIlRMethod§brimplemelllingI11eprograml(〕reorientEEPracticelowardsESDintheAsian/PacilicreRion？

Ｔｏｐｉｃ２:ＷｈａｔｎｃＩｉ(〕nscouldbeimpleIIIcntedusillｇｌｌｌｅｐｅｄ&lH()HyIOreffcctiveESD・particularlyon

theissucsof(1)SchooIeducation.(2)Teachertr【linillg.(3)Research.(4)CommunityactionaI]。(5)Policyｋ)rmalion？

WhatHlrclheef化ctivePedag(〕gy/TeachinHMcthodsltMQimplementingtheprograml(Dre-orientEE
Practice（()ｗａｒｄｓＥＳＤｉｎｔｈｅＡｓｉａｎ/Pacificregion？

Ｔｈｅｄｉ雌rcncesbcIweenEE【lndESDwercidentiHcd,ａｎｄｏｎｅｄｉｌ(erenceis￣outcome賛fromthelwo

processcs､ＥＥａｉｍｓｔ(）changeａｎ“indivi〔IuHl｢、beII【wior扉while（)utcomes［ｒｏｍＥＳＤａｒｅｆＯｃｕｓｃｄｏｎ~systemalic癖change・AsimilarityisthalbothEEandESDarenot(DnlylearniIlg型hgUrthe

environmeI1IandsuslainabledeveIopmeIll･butals(）￣learninlgL2エーlheelwir(〕nmentandsu＆tainabIc
deveIopmenl．

OntheteachingZlpproachesandmethodologiesofEEandESD・ＥＥｆＯｃｕ急esonchanHingindividual
behaviorsanddeveIopmemolhigIlerordcrthinkingskills・Ｔｈｅｇｏａｌｉｓｌ(）deveIopdecision-makin円
skillsaIIdcriticalthinkingsk鵬，theref()re・action-basedlenrI1iIug、experience-basedlearnin目andillquiryb(lsedlearlliIl間appr()achcscouldI〕eselccIcd・ＥＳＤＩ１Ｍｌｌａｉｍｓｔ(）ｃlMmgethesocialsystem

incIudinHc(DmmunityparticipalionineducHltion・lhereli)re，ｗ()uIdutilizecommunity-basedlearIling
approach・suchascoInmuniWactionresc51r(Ｐｈａｎｄｃ()Inmunityservice．

Whatacti《DnscouIdbeimplementedusingtIuepedag【DRyfbrefkDcliveESI)？
Thediscus5ionfbcuscdon：

Scho《DIEducati()､：EIwironmcnlaleducHlti()Ilshoul(lbetaughtilIanintcHr(ltedmaIlner,however,ｉｌｌ

ｔｈｅ」apilIlesescho()I＆ystemthercarcHlbou【３００ｔｈｃｍｅｓｔｏｂｅｔａｋｅｎｕｐｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｓ(ｕｄｉｅＳａｌｕｄＥＥ
ｉｓｏＩｌｌｙ〔)neoflhem・ＥＳＤｃ()uldbcamIljorlhemeulilizing（hcstrate鷹iestointe鷹ratethevariety

ofissue5intbesllbjectareas．

TeachcrTraininR：ＴｈｅｒｅｉｓｓｔｉｌｌａｌＨｌｃｋｏｌｅｆｆｃ〔tiveproHramoftrainingsch(〕olteacherson
ＥＮｖＩＲＯｊｖＭＥＮＴＡＬＥＤＵＣＬＭｒＩＯＮり゛ＯＬ・I５ＮＯ３

､ＩＣい、ＭＣ()ﾛ｣TcTliM腿PlYI(Pljiesand71l(ｗ↑(DsGmUpDiScussjMmA'digWWyTcacljinXM’１１１()dＳ＆ＰmgHlmlll(]'九ＷＩ叩mｅｎｌｊ５

EE/ES､.TheexMnRleacher-lraillin鷹ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓａｒｃｏ｢lensubje(Bt-based･ｂｕlwitI1ESl）concepls
iI】化lgratBdinthedi〔krentsubjec鵬.(eacher-lraininlgprogramsneed【()bereviewedaIldifpossible

reIl〔waled,AIife-smge-basedtraininRprogramcouIdbeadopled・JapaIlhassubje〔I-basedteacIler

traiIliIMgprogmmshDrnewIyhiredleachers，ｈ)rteacherswithIOyearsexpericnce、ａｎｄｈ〕rte【lchcrswith20＋ye6lrsexperieI1ce．Thesepr()Hramscouldbedevel()pedilslZSDtrainin閣
pr(〕lu【raInsibrteacherHwithcertainIlumberofycarsIcflchinlFexpcrience．

･ＣｏＤｍｍｕｎｉｔｙＡｃｔｉ(､、：Ｔｈｅｃｏｎｃｅｐｔ（)ｆ￣ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ￣ｈａｓｔｈｒｅｅＩｅｖｅｌｓ，local．】Mlti(ＤｎａｌａｎｄｉＩ】にrna[ional,PeoplelcI1dtopayaIlcluIionmoretotheIocalorcomnlunityleveI､HlIldIessonthe
llaIi(DnalandinterlMllionallevels，Perh【lpslI1eissueHnttheIocalIeveIaremorevisible・ａｎｄＩｅｓｓｃ(〕Jllr(wersial，IIowever・ｗｅｓｈ()uIdlI(Ｄｌｈ)ｒｇｅｔｔＭＩＩ】aIi()nalandintcl･I〕ilti()nalperspc[tive§ａｒｅａｌｓ(）
ｉｍｐ()'･tantfOrlocalacIions．

PIDlicD・fiDrmatiOn：Ｔｈｅｇ(〕ａＩｔ(〕ｂｅｒｅａＩｉｚｅｄｉｓ￣theLadderofParIicipati()n戸ofRolgerHarts・It
mKwbedifficuIttoachievebutｉｔｃｏｕｌｄｂｅｔｒｉｃｄ（)utandfacedHlsachaⅡenRe，Abalanced
per叩ectivecouldb(Jcreated．、Cｌ（)nIy鯉oal-orienIededucationbulalsora1hernpr()cess・orienled
cduc【ltionimportaI】ｔＲ)ｒＥＳＤＩｔｒｃ(luiresbuiIdinRc()I1sensuswhiIedevelopingcriIicRlI/analyticaI
lI1inkingandproblem-solvingskiⅡｓａＩ１ｄＩ〕ositivevaIuc§Hlndattilud“lbrlheenvir()nmentlhrougheducalion、Thereli)re･poIiciesneedt()belbrmuIatedmndspeciaIacli〔》nsimplementcdespeciaIIyt〔）impr(weIiteracv、Ｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔ(）ｉｍｐｒ〔weenvir〔)nmeIllalIiteracy．ｗllichwiIIrequireIlvarietyof
muIti-kweIstratcgiesalndmethodoloRies．

こ■

ＥＮｗＨｏＭＶＥＭｒＡＬＥＤＵＣＡＴＩｏＮｌＰＯＬ・j５ＮＯ３

1６

ＤＩＳＣＵＳＳＩＯＮＲＥＰＯＲＴＡＧＥＮＤＡ２:ConnectingEEPracticesandTheories
GroupDiscussionⅣ:MonitoringandEvaIuation
ＭａｓａｈｉｓａＳＡＴＯ(Asia/PacilicCulturalCentrefbrUNESCO）

Rapporteur:YukoOGURI(KagoshimaUniversity)ａｎｄＴａｉＨＡＲＡＤＡ(ESDJ）
Thegroupdiscussionsessionwasorganizedto:（１）providecommonunderstandingontheinternationaltrendsandsituationonm(mitorin恩andevaluationactivitiesfOrEE:(2)tosharerelated
termsonmonitoringandevaluation:(3)sharesomecasesofmonitoringandevaluationactivitiesIOr

EEinJapanaswellnsAsia-PacificReHion;（４）deepenunderstandinlFonthemonitoringand

evaluationactivitiesinｌｉｎｅｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｉｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆＵＮＤESDrelatedprogrammes;（５）discuss
pointstobeconsideredfOrthepromotionofmonitoringandevaluationactivitieslbrEE;(6)identify
someprioritizedareasfOrfurtIlerqualilyimprovementofmonitoringandevaluationactivities．
BefDrediscussion,、r､MasahisaSato,chairpersonoftIlegroupdiscussionprovidedopportunitiesbr
participantstosharetbeirinterestontheevaluatioIlandmonitoringactivitiesandtheirexpectation
totbesession，Then・hepointedthereasonswhytheevaluationactivitiesareneeded:（１）ｂｒｔｈｅ
ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｑｕａｌｉｔｙｏｆａｐｒojectandpracticethroughconstantfeedbackandrealtime
underStanding:(2)fbrtheimprovementoftheskillsofthestafffhlciIitatingormanagingtheprOJect
andpracticethroughthecontinuaIprocessofselftestingandrefinin厩(3)fbrtheimprovementofthe
proJectandpracticeincreasingaproject/practice､ｓｉｍｐ曲ctandeffectiveness、Then,hesummarized
differentevaluatioｎｔｙｐｅｓｉｎｔｅｒｍｓｏｆｔｈｅｔｉｍｅｓｅｒｉｅｓ(diagnostic,fbrmativesummativeandfOllow‐up),evaIuators(selfevaluationinternationaleValuation,externalevaluation,jointevaluationandparticipatoryevaIuationlevaluationmethodsandmethodologies（quantitativeandqualitative
mmner・andsemi-structuredinterviews・questionnaire・observation，longitudinalstudy，dialogue･
analysisofprocessdocumentation，analysisofteachingIogsandeducationalguidelines，wordassociationsurvey・etc.),andevaIuationcontent(notonlyskiIls､knowledgeofindividuals､butvaIue
andattitudepointofview,aswellasthattheprojectmanagement,LeeffCctiveness､efficiency，
reIevanceoftheplanprojectsustainabilityosocialimpact，degreeofcommunityinvolvement,degree
ofsatisfactionofthebeneficiariesl
Then､Ｄｒ､SatoprovidedacasepresentationoｎｔｈｅＡＣＣＵｓＥＥＰａｃｋａｇｅｄＭａｔｅｒｉａｌｓｏｎEnvironmentO鴎lWH11i1h:;鰐製翻…､ヒ尼引

7１

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,|鬘鑿鑿

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:鑓§:if鞍SEh2m2躍轤篝籔護''１豊雲 霧壜篝
叡Lj2（|…【::::::;1鞭::2F…

Figurel：PLANETRegionalProgIamme

ＥｊＶＶＩＲＯＭＭＥｊＶＴＡＬＥＤＵＣＡＴＩＯＮＶＯＬ」ａＮＯＬ３

Figure2:ACCUPLANETDissemination
andUIillzationScheme

､lGEML1ユＣＯ川ｌｅｃｌｉｌ】ＲＥＥＰｍ(Tjr(DsalJd7lIG()雄ｓＣｎ)【ｌｐｐｊ９ｉ(PussjDjIハ:ｊｂｌｌｊ１()"ngf川ｄＥＩ･aluaIjblIノァ

(ＰＬＡＮＥＴ）ljrogramlne・ilsdisscmiI】ali()llal1dulilizilti()I】：Ｃｌ】cmc，imdtheevaluali()Ilactivitiesonlhe
proJectmKmilHcment・deliverymechnI1i§manditsimp8lcltotbelearners．Ｉ)｢・SaIointrodu低edllle
overaIlframeworkoftheProHr【ｌｍｍｅ.、､dtheevaIuHhtionframeworkelnpl()yed:（１）Projecl
Management;(2)DelivervMechaI1ism;(3)ImpacttotheLearners．

Afterhisprcscnla(ion､ｔｈｅｎ〕Ⅱ()willIu【pointsareraisedby（hepnrticipaI11s〔)ｌｌｈｃ§essi()､：･Imporlancc()｢b()thviews:projectlnilnagemenIaI】ｄin(lividualIearnin鷹．
.Ｃon瓢derHIti()I】()fthatwh(〕ｓｅｗｉルlrcrcHected,PoIiticalwiⅡmightbereflcclcdk)ｒ【hedesiRIloflbe
indicat()r§､HlndimpIcmenmtioll()fcvaIuati()nactivities．
・ImporlKlnce()[sllaringtheframew(】rknndleavin皿hedeIaiIstotheindividualcases．
・ProcesSoIfu【urescenariobuildin鷹()fＳＤ
・Considemli()nofthcimpactt〔)lIlecommunity・ａｓｗｅルl鳥individualandins(iluIi〔)nallevel．
・ＳＤｉｓＩｈｅｉｍｐ()rtalnlpar［ａmoll関ESI）
・IndicatorsIlecdt()beeasyundcrslandabIeandtranspilrenl
Finally、base(’（〕nthediscussi()ｎｌｒＨｌｍｃｗ()rkpreparedbytheDr，Sato，ｌｈｅｌ)Ⅱ()ｗｉｎｇｐ(〕intswerc
recommendedbylheparticipantHHI篇I〕oiI1tstobeaddedIi〕rtheconducti(〕、（〕ｆｃｖ【lluationactiviliesin
theconleｘｔｏｆＥＳＤ．

TabIel：Pointstobeaddedio｢theImpIementationolMonitoringandEvaIualionActMties
inIheconIｅｘｔｏＩＥＳＤ．

WhyEvaluate，Wh1tmbeEvalunnt､。

ｏｃｈｏｃｋｔｈｅ(lirect1onCAI)oUUl肥ar2her

Ｃｅ(lUCal1OnalPUrPOSeS
ｏａｃ(lut1･ethesocialrelevanc(PｏＩｍｌＤＩ･ovcthequaIitvofe〔lucin【Ional
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oMull〕u･ovPsustainabilityor(x)Iuu1uD1Muity

・ＩｘｕＤｐａｃｔｔｏｔｈｅｃｏｍｍｕｍＷ・Biologic紐lspecies￣

oconsi(l(Pu,at】onOfevaIuatioIMllDout.`cvaIlunlionsociety”
HowEVaUun池・varuouslPwlaI1dvariousstakohoI(lerらohoIisticaIDproaches
Ｉ》紐rticipatorD-approaches
osccnariobuiIdingｌ)rocess(locumentation
●

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Oth②西

・ＡＩ》I)ｅＨｈｌｌｏｍｅ(Iia。Ｉ)iHbmnccsofviewpolntofuP罪al･ｃｈｅｒａｎｄｌ〕ractitioner。Ｃ細ｌｗｅｈａｖｅａｃｏｍｍｏｎｍ(xleI/imageofthe
susmi2】ablefiltureamongthestakeholde】rs？

ＥＮＷｊ?ＯＭＶＥ｣ＶＴＡＬＥＤＵＣＡＴﾉＯｊｖＶＯＬ､ﾉｺﾊ7０３

1８

ＤＩＳＣＵＳＳＩＯＮＲＥＰＯＲＴＡＧＥＮＤＡ３:SystemThinkingandHolisticApproach，
FutureDirection

Kimik()ＫＯＺＡＷＡ(TokyoGHlkugeiUniversity)，
Ｍ【lsahisaSATO(Asia/PaciHcC1I1IuralCcntrefOrUNESCO)．

alldLuciⅡｅＧＲＥＧＯＲ１０(UNESCONaliollalC()mmissionofIhePhiIil)pines）
ＲａI〕porleur:ＲｉｅｌＭＯＴＯ(FukuokHllnstitutefOrTeclmolo鷹y）Ｔｈｅｓｕｍｍａｒｖ（)ｌｌｂｃ§essi()nisiI1dicaledinlIli§Ｉ)ｉｌｒｌ（Dflllereport、ThesessioI1slHlrIedwithDr、
MasahisaSat(､､spreseI1mti〔)ｎｗｈｅｒｅｈｅｓＩ１()wcd3diaHrHⅡ】１s:(1)孔ｎｅｘａｍｐｌｅｏｆａｂ８ｌｌ【lncin鷹Ieap;(2)ｔｈｅｅｆｌｅｃｔｏｆｎＲａｐａＩＩ〔Itllesyslemand,(3)ｓｙｓｔｅｍsll1inkillRofnaturalenvir()nmclut（H1｡()ptedfrom

Okayama,1985>,Discussi()nlbll(〕ｗｅ。

SystemsThinkinHisbased（)、￣CauseEffecIIMHIli()nship毎，１，roactiveW&lysofThinkin鷲織．ａｎｄ~ＴｉｍｅＦｒａｍｅｒｚｕｔｈ(JrIIlanPhenomena.､パhereI〕vrtquirinH【ｌ“tiIneseries..．
－

QuestionscanaIs()beraisedsucI1as：

・Howlact〔)r§ilrcreIatedh()wonefactorwiⅡcIlangewllenanotherchanlHes？
.Ｈ()wfactorsmay此edbilckineitherbaIandIl関|(x)I〕ｓ()rreinh)rcingIoops？

・IIowexlerIlalfaclorsimpactonthesyRtem？
・Ｈｏｗｇａｐｓ()pcrntc？
・IIowdelaysaIh［tlllesyslem？
・WI1atalreth(Ｊｃ(〕I】]plexities()fｔｈｃｓｙstem？

S()ｍｅｃｘａｍｐｌｅｓｏ〔11(DwSVsIeII1sThinkingw()ｒｋｓｃ()uldl)cshownintsunamiaHectedareaswhereinseveralfactorsreInlel〔〕lhenflturaldisastcr-lhccauseandeffectalldthecomplexities〔)fthe
process､SincelhcrcwHl5I1〔)急ystcms、thinkinR・lhedisaslertookplace・ＩｔｗｎｓｏｎＩｙａｆｌｅｒｌｈｃｄａｍage
lhatIearninRtookpIace・ThisrefersIobehavior鳥.【･Illllerlhansy&temsdynamics．

ConcreteexampIcswerecitedonwhysyslcmsIhiIlkiI】Ｒａｆｆｅｃｔ１ｈｅ“carryinlgc&lpacily.．（)fthe

na1uralenvir(〕nｍ(Jnl、ＯＩｌｅｅｘａｍｐｌｅｉｓｏｎｃｅｒｍｉｌ】（IGC「（werpopulatiomThemovie￣Bambrsbows
this・ＴｈｅｓａｍｅlbinHisoccurringinMt．Ｙat烏uHHlmke（mdYakushimalsIandinJapan、The

colonization()flivinH(〕rRaIlismsneedssystcmsⅡliIlkiIlH、Allotherconcreteexamplcisthesetti､鯉ｕｐｏｆ壌ecoloRic8Ulp()'1.5...1)ccisionsaremadeaf化ｒｓｙｓ１(Dnlsthinkin悪．
ThefinalstKltemcnt（)I1IhislopiclnentionedIIlcrM【§ｉＩｗ()IvedThCthinkin鷲ｓｅｅｍ５ｓ()l〕I】islicaledand
difIiculttoapI〕lｙ（()iIny〔()mmunity．

HoIisticAppr(DacI1c〔)uIdbeappIiedfronla・M8lnaHclIlelllViewpoinf.､fbllowinRlhesequence:（１）SituationAnalvsis（SWOTAnaIysis・ForceFieIdAIMlly§is､CHluse-cffectAnalysis､etc);（Ｈ）Ｓ〔enario
Buildin解（Ⅲ）Ｌｏ関icKlIFramework（Preconditi()nsKlndImI)ortantAssump【ions):（、）IIX1plementalion：(Ｖ）Monitorin唖ａｎｄ（Ⅵ）Evalualion．

Ｆｒｏｍａｌｌｌｎ－急erviCcTc&'(sI1ersCapa(jtyPoillI（)ｆＶｉ(?ｗ，aholisticapproachilwolvcd（Ｉ昨ｌＳ()cial

ＥｌＶＶＩＲＯＭＶＥｊＷ７ＭＥＤＵＣ/ｌＴＪＯｊＶＶＯＬ､ｌ５ｊＶＯ３

ＡＣＥＡＤＡａＳｙｓＩｅｍＴＭ】ＭＩｇａｌＩｄＨｂﾉﾉSrrAppmac}].Ｆ【JrllreD歴ｃｒｍｌ】

１９

SupporlSyslem;（Ⅱ）【helnstilutioIIaICapacilyof1helOrmalsystem;（Ⅲ）ｌｌｌｅｉ血serviceleacher､scapacity;ａｎｄ（Ⅳ）theprogrammeorcurriculum，Alllburneedsthesupportofcommunities,ｓ〔)ciaI
contextandcuIturc､nndothers．

Oneconcreteexalnpleis1he“PaddyFieldProject”ｏｆtheEnvironmentEducationCenter,Miyagi
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stillpredominantIyc()nccptualizedinthecontexl（)fEEbymanykeystakehoIdersanddecision

makers,ａｎｄｔｈｃｎ１(Ｗｉｎｇ［ｒｏＩＸ１ＥＥｔｏＥＳＤｗ()ｌＩｌｄｂｃ【lkeychaIIengeIbrthcDecade.【lsrelbrredto
theAsia-PacilicUNI)ESDRegi()nalStrateRy(2005）

Then･heproposedtlleM1owingpointst()ｂｅｄｉ目cusscd&ｌｔｔｈｅｐ【lneldiscussion:（１）values･ethicsand

waysofthinkiIu際(2)appr()achprocessandrcIKlliwllc爲s:ａｌｌ。(3)attitude・parlicipali()、【IndactioI】:(4)civilcapacityandli化ｌ(〕IlglearninHsociety、Ｔｈｅｎ)Ⅱ()ｗｉｎｌｇｐ(〕intswereraiscdbytllcI〕ancIistsand
theparticipalWifr()I、thenoor．

VnIues,EthicsandWaysq)ｆThinking

・ImportanceofJnoraleduc【lIion
・Transmissi()、()fkn〔)wlcdgeonsusIainabilityfroInh)refathers
・KnowIedlXe()fhisl()ricaldevelopment()fthesiluallion
・Rolesoleducali()Ｉｌｈ)rrcspectingdiffbrenccs()fvilluesHlndcthics

ＥＮＶＩＨＯＭＶＥｊＷ､ＡＬＥＤｌﾉＣＡＴＩＯＮＶＯＬｊ丘Ｍ〕L３

､ｌＧＥＭＬｌ５Ｒｃｏｊ九J】【"】ｇＥＥＩｏｗａｒ小ESDjDr/】ｃ,JSm-随cnRp

２５・Acknowledgemellt()fdif化rentknowledgesystems

・Ｈｉｇｈ《〕rdcrthinkiIlge・関.meta-thinkinR､criticalthinkinRandsyslemthinkinR・anaIysis.＆ynlbesis、
appIication,andevalIuation.Ｌ()CaⅡyorientedvalues5Ⅱ】(Ｉ（Jlhics(ec()､()micalaspects.；()ci(〕-cullurピルlspectsandenvir()nmclll(llnspecls）．Ｐr(〕bingintotheessenc(j(蛆11)r()blem
・Criticalreview()fthec〔)､(Cl〕Ｉ（)ｆESI）。Ｃ〔)nsiderationofownership・historicaIcontext・commuI1ily()felwir()nmexlt・andcommunicaIi()、.、ｅｍ()craticconsensus.、anReroftheabu＆ｅｏｆｔｌＭｗ()ｒｄ国ＥＳＤ￣・PoteIltiaIityanddifHcuIticsbr()ugI1tbytheambiguily(〕｛tｈｅｃｏＩｌｃｅｐＩｏｆＥＳＤ
・ESDunderIhepoliticHlIc〔DI11exl､anditspotenliaIitvh)rpolilicalchange

・Implicationof￣change・l1otonlynsanindividualchanRebutasaI1institutionaIands()ciKlIchanIge
ddAppr(DachPr⑪cessandRelatiwness

・Linka鷹csbetweells()ciHlIissuc急ａI】dleaningobjeclivcs
・AcknowlegementofdiffercntwayslearninlF/teaching・lnteractivecommunicnti()、.Ｃ(〕llectivedecisionmakinH・Participatoryanddialo鷹icaIlcarniI1gprocess

・PromotionofcoIlaborativeworkslbridentifyinglhec〔)mmoIlissuesandresourcesatmulti-Ievcl
紐ndmuIti-sectoral

・Linkagesamongpeda度o卿icaIapproaches
・NarrowingknowIed鷹e-actionlgnp

・VisionbuildingtomakeabridRebetweenknowledgeandactiom

・Sharedvisionfbrthee雌ctiveIinkagesbetweensocialdevelopment（environmenL：ocio-cuIturaL
economicperspectivesMndeducation

・Actionoriented/ActionIe【lrning
・CuIturaIIysensitive

Attitude・Participnti〔ｍａｎｄＡｃｌｉｌＤｎ

・SharedvisionandscenariobuildingwhichenableloidentilytheroIeofstakehoIders
・NarrowinlFknowledge-acti(》ｎＨａｐ
・Actionoriented/actionIearning

ＣＭｌＣａｐａｃｉｔｙａｎｄＬｉ血LongLenmingSociety
・PotentialfbrmuIti-levelandmul(i-sectoraIimpacl

・PromotionofcolIaborativeworksli)ridentifyingthec()mmonissuesandresourcesatmulti-IeveI
andmuIti-sectoral

・SIlHlredvisionandsccnHlriobuildiIlRwhichenableloideI1ti｢ｙｌＩｌｃｒ(〕leofstakeh()ldersandl(Jｗｌ・SelIingc(DmmonobjecliveMt)ｒｃ(Dmmunitydevel()pmenI・IIller-personaIreIatiol1§IliI)ｌｂｒｃ(〕mmunitVdevel(DpnucM。Ｉ)i【lloRueamongdi雌rent瓢［lkch(》lders､whichenablesl(〕(kwcl()ｐ(x)mmunityidentilv
Mlerbreak・paneldiscussi()Ｉｕｗ&ｌｓｍ()ｖｅｄｏｎｌｏｔｈｅｎｃｘ１§c§§i(》n．wllichwasundertIletillcof~ReorienIingEEtowardsESI）intheAsia-Pacinc，Link50ResbclweenThe(DryandPracti(e園Ｉ〕r・
ＴＡＮＩＧＬｒＣＨＩｓｕｍｍａｒｉｚｅｄＩ〕()iIulsraisedbylhepantlists・lllcnIleiI1vitedfivepHlneIli訓ｓｗｈ(）

prcscnlｅｄａｔｔｈｅｍ()rninHs(P鵠i(DII．I)｢・Sun-kyunRLEE.、r・Tzu〔PhiluCIlNAG､Ｄｒ・ＬｕｃｉＩｅＧＲＥ(;(〕ＲＩＯ．
I)rJosephHEIMLICルｌｎｄＩ〕r・Kinlik(〕ＫＯＺＡＷＡ・IIllIli爲目“§i()rLdiscussionwaslbcused()Ⅱ【(Dlhec()､cepluaIreIationshipbelwcenEＥ＆ｌｎｄＥＳＤ、lnparticular、thediscussi()ｎｗａｓｄｏｎｅｕＩ１ｄｅｒｔｈｃ

ＥｌＷ７ＲＯＭＶＥｊＶＴ/lＬＥＤＵＣＡＴＩＯｊｖｌＵＬＪ５Ｍｌ３

妬

Ｍ１sabjSaSATOfIjldjgm1jnAノＴＡＭＣＵＣＨＪ

questionsｏｆ（１）ｗｈ()ｓｅｓｏｃｉｅｌｙｗｅｗａｎｔｔ(〕})esuslainabIe?;(2)withwhomwewanttodopartnership
lOrsustainabledeveIopmenl?;ａｎｄ(3)I1owd〔）wedevelopvision/scenari(DbuildingwhicheI】flbIesto
promoleaction？

Inthisdiscussi()ILitwaspointcdoutthilt：

・Relativilyoflheconceptofsustainability

・Individual・institutionaIandsocialchan礫・ProcessofESDshouldbeeducationHllllotaspolilical、importanceｏｆ１ｅａｒｎｉｎｇｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｓ・
institulioll＆Hlndsocietics．

・Impor⑬nccofconlexlualizalion
・SpirallcKll･IIing台tructureiltn1ulti-levelaI1dnlulli･sectoral

FinaⅡy、aseriesofthediscussi()ｎｗａｓｒｅに()mmendedbytllepaIueIlistsandl〕Hlrticipantsh)rfurther
development()ftheconcepl()ｆＥＥａｎｄＥＳＤ・iMldlinkagesbetweentheoryandpracticeｌｊＡ７Ｖｌ｝?ＯｊｖＭＩＷＴＡＬＥＤＵＣ,lＴＪＯＮＶＯＬＪ５ＮＯ３