SMART INTEGRATION OF DISTRICTHEATING AND COOLING

GREATER COPENHAGENTAARNBY MULTI UTILITY

Stateofgreen, June 24 2021
Anders DyrelundPRESENTATION AND BACK GROUND• Ramboll• Independent Multidisciplinary Consulting Eng. Comp. Owned by the Ramboll Foundation• 16.000 Employees 300 offices in 35 countries, mainly Northern Europe and US• New office in Japan• World leading within several energy services, e.g. off shore wind and DH&C

• Anders Dyrelund• Civ.Eng. in buildings, Graduate diploma in Economics• 1975-81 Ramboll (BHR)• 1981-86 Danish Energy Authority• 1986-Ramboll• 1980The First Heat Plan in Denmark for Aarhus, PM• 1981-

Copenhagen Regional DH, task manager/consultant• 1990-Consultancy services to more than 20 countries2

DEVELOPMENT FROM 2013 TO 2021
A solid majority of the Parliament agreed June 2020:• Still objective to become independent of fossil fuels
or CO2 neutral in 2050
• Off shore wind shall be the dominating natural
renewable energy source• Heating and electricity shall meet the objective
already in 2030
• The challenge is not to establish the wind farms, butto utilize the fluctuating renewable energy source ina smart cost effective way• Therefore larger market share of DH&C
• Shift from gas boilers to DH or individual heatpumps has startet, taking into account cost-effectiv
eness and environmental• Ramboll from 10,000 to 16,000 employees

THE SMART ENERGY SYSTEM
COST-EFFECTIVE, RESILIENT
AND LOW CARBON• National power grid
• National natural gas grid
• Gas storage, CHP, Biogas, P2Gas• City-wide district heating grid
• Storage for CHP and RES• City district cooling grid
• Storage and optimal cooling• Buildings and other end-users• Low-temperature heating• High-temperature cooling4

THERMAL VIRTUAL ELECTRICITY STORAGE (LIKE A BATTERY)REDUCE CURTAILMENT OF WIND AND BALANCE THE SYSTEM

Source: Paul-Frederik Bach

• Baseline• Small heat pumps withoutstorage or gas boiler back-up• Can-not adjust consumption tothe fluctuations of the wind

• The virtual electricity storage:• DH hot water and DC cold water• Hot and cold water storage tanks and pits
• Large heat pumps, to be interrupted at any time as long as needed• Electric boilers at low electricity price + up/down-regulation• Gas fuelled CHP plants, only at high electricity price + up-regulation• Gas (biogas) boilers back-up
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GREATER COPENHAGEN DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM• Smart city land mark• 70 million m2 - 1 mill. residents• 12,000 GWh heat production• 20 municipalities (Copenhagen 50%)
• 3 heat transmission companies• Optimal market share of DH vs. gas• 99 % connection to the DH grid• 3 biomass CHP plants (65%)• 3 waste to energy plants (30%)• Heat pumps, Peak boilers.. (5%)• 3 x 24,000 m3 heat storage tanks• 8 District cooling systems inoperation, more in the pipe linTaarnby

See also case 1 out of 8 in this publication from EU:
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC104437
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A TRANSITION FROM COAL-GAS-BIOMASS CHP TO A MIX OFBIOMASS CHP, HEAT PUMPS FOR DH&C AND ELECTRIC BOILERS• Waste for energy is fully used
• CHP by-pass steam turbines + electric boilers• Large heat pumps mainly for combined DH&C
• Large heat storages tanks and pits
• Large chilled water storage tanks
Electric boiler

Waste to energy

Heat pump

Biomass CHP Bypass Gas CHP

Transition towards 2030 - Huge demand
response on electricity prices
Smart integration of electricity fromfluctuating wind and solar PV

Biomss CHP

Gas boiler

12000
11000

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DISTRICT HEATING IN TAARNBY IS A PART (2 %) OF THE
GREATER COPENHAGEN SYSTEM• 1980• 100% oil boilers in Taarnby• 1985 optimal zoning of new DH and gas grid
• 60% to hot water DH, large buildings (green)• 40% to gas, single family houses (no color)• 2018• First DC system combined with DH• Integration of DH with airport campus grid• 2020-2030• Second stage of the DC project• More DH to replace gas boilers (blue)• 2030-2035• Remaining buildings to DH and heat pumps

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KEY FIGURES OF THE DH SYSTEM FOR INTEGRATING DC
DH demand 170 GWh (growing)
Heat losses in network 6%
60 MW Maximal capacity demand
7 MW minimum capacity summer
60 MW Heat from the transmission system
60 MW back-up boiler at the airport
6,5 MWheat HP extracting heat from cooling,
wastewater and ground water
Summer: ground source cooling base load, HP
is peak, all buildings can be supplied from HP,
at 70 dgr.C
Winter: HP base load, temperature to mostconsumers is boosted by transmission system
9SMART SECTORINTEGRATION• Air from waste water cleaned, which paved
the way for a new city district• New metro station paved the way forKastrup Business District, all buildings haveneed active cooling in Danish climate• Plant is located at the wastewater
treatment plant as space is expensive• 5 circulating integrating water loops:• from tank to DC grid• from heat pump to cold storage tank• from heat pump to DH grid• from heat pump to treated wastewater• from heat pump to ground water
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DISTRICT COOLING IN TAARNBYSTAGE 2 FULLY DEVELOPED• Cooling demand in stage 2

9,5 MWc / 9.000 MWhc

• Capacity demand to network

8 MWc expected• Installed capacity

9,3 MWc incl. back-up• Ground source cooling

2,0 MWc / 4.000 MWhc

• Heat pump cooling

4,8 MWc / 5.000 MWhc

• Heat pump heating

6,5 MWheat / 50,000 MWhheat• 2.000 m3 chilled water tank >2,5 MWc / 0 MWhc

• Heat Pump heating

efficiency compared to basecase• Cogeneration heat/cold

7.000 MWh COP=6• Ground source

5.000 MWh COP=4,5• From waste water

38.000 MWh COP=3
See case 1 out of 8 in publication from EU, February 2021:
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC123771
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DC SAVES INVESTMENTS AND COSTS• Investments cooling baseline

97 mill. DKK• Investment in DC project

81 mill. DKK• DC plant incl. building

55 mill. DKK• DC storage tank

4 mill. DKK• DC network

19 mill. DKK• Connection to DH network

3 mill. DKK• Including transformer to 10 kV to save costs• Stage 1 only (no stage 2 is worst case for financing)• NPV Benefit for the society

60 mill. DKK• NPV Benefit consumers and utility 23 mill. DKK• Stage 1 and 2• NPV Benefit, society

103 mill. DKK• NPV Benefit, consumers and utility

60 mill. DKK (90 mill.)
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WHY IS THIS PROJECT A GOOD CASE TO MAKE CITIESSMARTER AND MORE LIVEABLE• Focus on energy solutions which reduce costs and improves environment and resilience in cities• Focus on municipal commitment in order to implement the solutions to the benefit of theconsumers and for integrating energy and environment in one utility• Focus om municipal co-operation• Focus on sector integration, which opens for smart city solutions across following sectors:• The energy sectors:

Electricity, District heating, District cooling and gas• The environment sectors: Waste water and ground water resources• The building sector:

Ferring and Scandic go for sustainability as being a part of the community• The symbiosis between• heat pump for combined DH&C and• heat pump for generating heat from waste water• is the key to cost effectiveness and bankability, in particular for the difficult stage 1.
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONQUESTIONSAD@RAMBOLL.COM

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