Japanese market and issue of Heat Pump

2013.11.13
Kenji Matsuda
Copyright 2013 JRAIA

About JRAIA
History
The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association(JRAIA) was originally established in February 1949.
Objective
JRAIA contributes to the steady development of Japanese industry
and improvement in people's standard of living.

Membership
JRAIA members consist of regular and associate members. （123 ）(1) Regular members: 76(2) Associate members: 47

Worldwide Heat Pump Market

Japanese share of Heat Pump Market in the world(%)

Japanese ShareUnits ( in million )World TotalJapanYearEnergy consumption structure in the residential sector
Cooling
2.1%

Lighting
home electric
appliances
35.9%

Cooking
8.1%

Electricity
13%

Heating
24.3%

Hot water
supply
29.5%

Gas
22%

Kerosene
65%

Electricity
12%
Kerosene
18%
Gas
70%

IEEJ 2010

Combustion of fossil fuel accounts for a large portion of
the breakdown of energy types for these two uses.

Energy consumption structure in the commercial sector
Others
5.8%

Kerosene
4.7%

Others4%

Electricity
41.7%
Gas
47.8%

Cooling
12.0%

Kerosene
63%

Heating
15.4%
Hot water
supply14.8%

Lighting homeelectric
appliances
48.8%

Cooking8.9%

Others12%

Kerosene
42%

Electricity
9%

Gas
24%

Electricity
4%

Gas
42%

IEEJ 2010

The combustion of fossil fuel also accounts fora large portion of energy consumption.

Worldwide ATW Heat Pump MarketPolicy and Activities for Environmental Issues

EQUIPMENTREFRIGERANTS

Energy Saving

Direct Emission control

・Emission control on a
CO2 basis· Recovery activities· Emission control in production· Leakage reduction in use

ALTERNATE
REFRIGERANTS
Switch to new refrigerants· Research and investigation· Low GWP refrigerants· Other refrigerants

Fluorocarbon Recovery and Destruction Law

Energy conservation law
Top Runner Program

Home Appliances Recycling Law
Automobile Recycling Law

New Law (2015)

Policy and Activities for Environmental Issues

EQUIPMENT
Energy Saving
・Emission control on a
CO2 basis

Energy conservation law
Top Runner Program

What is the Top Runner Program?
・Energy conservation law prescribes energy efficiency standards forappliances and vehicles according to the Top Runner method.
・The concept of the Top Runner Program is that standards are set higher thanthe best performance value of each product currently on sale in the market.
・Standard setting takes into account technological development.
Target products （23 products）
1．Passenger vehicles
13．Gas cooking appliance2．Freight vehicles
14．Gas water heaters
3．Air-conditioners
15．Oil water heaters
4．TV sets
16．Electric toilet seats
5．Video-cassette recorders 17．Vending machines
6．Fluorescent lights
18．Transformers
7．Copiers
19．Electric rice cookers
8．Computers
20．Microwaves
9．Magnetic disc units
21．DVD recorders
22. Routers
10．Electric refrigerators
23. Switching Units
11．Electric freezers
12．Space heaters

New Face in 2013
24. Multifunction machine
25. Printer26. Heat Pump Hot Water
supply machines

Energy-Saving Labeling System for Retailers

Improvement of Energy Efficiency (Example of Air Conditioner)

The effect of the Top Runner Program
Passenger vehicles

Air-conditioners

Fuel Consumption(km/L)

Seasonal Power Consumption(kW/h)

Reduced 75.7%

Improved 47.1%

YearYearJapanEUUSAJapan

EUUSA

China Thailand

Agency for Natural Resources and Energy

Who guarantees the performance of the product? 1/215

Who guarantees the performance of the product? 2/2
Outline of Certification ProgramEnter the Program

Factory assessment

Entry is allowed for
those manufacturingand selling in Japan

Certification seals are affixed to products.

Production

Assessment of quality
control system

Random sample test
Verification of
testing facilities

Renewed every
two years

Order issued for improvement

Self-certification of
products by participantsType registration ofself-certified productsＮＧ

Viewing available

Improved by participants

The following are certified
based on JIS.

・Cooling capacity
・Heating capacity
・APF
Certified results are kept fairby obtaining approval fromthe committee, including
members from outside(persons with relevant
knowledge and experience,etc.).

Policy and Activities for Environmental IssuesREFRIGERANTS
Direct Emission control· Recovery activities· Emission control in production· Leakage reduction in use

Fluorocarbon Recovery and Destruction Law
Home Appliances Recycling Law
Automobile Recycling Law

Japan’s activities; Refrigerant Recovery
There are three major legislations
for the end of life of (EOL) products.
These laws require refrigerant recovery
from the EOL products and ban the release.
1) Home appliances
Recycling Plants：49

Fluorocarbon Recovery and Destruction Law

2) Commercial A/Cs andRefrigeration equipment

Home Appliances Recycling Law

3) Automobiles

Automobile Recycling Law18

Promotion of Refrigerant Recovery
2 million units / year
Typical Recycling Plant

Refrigerant Recovery Process

Hyper Cycle Systems Corporationin Ichikawa city, near Tokyo

Disassembling Process

Policy and Activities for Environmental Issues
New Law (2015)
ALTERNATE
REFRIGERANTS

The name of the Act is revised to the Act for
Rationalized Use and Proper Management ofFluorocarbons.

Switch to new refrigerants· Research and investigation· Low GWP refrigerants· Other refrigerants

1) Entities that manufacture and importfluorocarbons
2) Entities that manufacture and importproducts using fluorocarbons,e.g., air conditioning and refrigeration units
3) Users that manage commercial airconditioning and refrigeration units
4) Proper filling of air conditioning andrefrigeration units with fluorocarbons
and proper recycling of used Fluorocarbons

Promotion of low GWP equipment and products
After a certain period, manufacturers and importers of equipment and products(ex: air conditioners) are required to introduce to the market new equipment andproducts whose gas are low GWP or natural refrigerants.
Achievement of baseline in weighted average sector by sector (image)Domestic and Overseas Situation of Refrigerants and Future View
・EU passed a resolution to ban refrigerants with GWP150 and above
for automobile air-conditioners from 2011 onward.
・Phase-out of HFC is put on a discussion table due to global warming impact
caused by HFC.
・Japanese Government will frame a new system of the GWP reduction.
・ASHRAE has created a new grade A2L for moderate flammable refrigerants in its
classification. There is a movement worldwide toward moderate flammable
refrigerants with a low GWP.
Montreal Protocol (1987)
Protection of the ozone layer

Kyoto Protocol (1997)
Prevention of global warming

Proper control of HFC
Responsible use

Specified Chlorofluorocarbon

Alternative to Chlorofluorocarbon

CFC:

HFC: R32, R125, R134a, R404A
R407C=R32+R125+R134a
R410A=R32+R125

Low GWP refrigerants
Appearance of R1234yf
R1234ze
Mix

HCFC:

R11, R12
Phase-out by 1996
R22, R123
Phase-out by 2020

Depleting the ozone layer(due to chlorine)

Global warming impact
Increment of stock due toreplacement to the alternatives in thefuture

Other refrigerants
NH3, CO2, HC and so onNo ozone layer depleting and lessglobal warming impact
Problem of performance and safety
Limited use to a few equipment

Requirements for next generation refrigerants
Conditions required for Alternatives
Safety・Low Toxicity
・Low Risk of Flammability

Environment
Performance・Ozone Depletion Potential =0
・Low Global Warming Potential

EnergyEfficient*・Superior for LCCP value
・Similar performance at high load cooling

EconomicFeasibility

・Reasonable Cost
・Acceptable in Developing Countries* LCCP: Life Cycle Climate Performance
CO2 Emission origin from energy inproduct usage
CO2 Emission at refrigerant
production

Refrigerant Leaks
in product usage

CO2 Emission at refrigerant
destruction

Refrigerant Leaks at
product disposal

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Next generation refrigerant candidates for air-conditioners

ODP

GWP
(IPCC4AR)

ASHRAE
safetyclassification

Ignition
Point(℃)

Burning
Quantity(kJ/kg)Burning
Velocity(cm/sec)

Pressure（MPa）

HCFC R22

0.055

1810

A1---

1.72

R410A

02090

A1---

2.72

R320675

A2L

648

9.3

6.7

2.8

R1234yf

04

A2L

405

10.3

1.5

1.16

Mix

0300~500 ?

?

New0R717
(NH3)

?

?

?
?
?
Several proposals from refrigerant maker?
?
?
?

00B2L

651

18.67.2

1.78

R290(Propane)

0<3A3

410

46.3

39

1.53

R744 (CO2)01----

10.00?

Combustion Test Results

R290(A3) Propane

R152a (A2)

R32 (A2L)

Compressed Gas Flammability Classifications？

出典：Honeywell社より

EU A11
Japanese High Pressure Gas Law
US DOT & ASHRAE

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Thank you for your kind attention!

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