MAIN ACTIVITIESMAIN ACTIVITIES OF UNAFEI(1 JANUARY 1999 - 31 DECEMBER 1999)

I. ROLE AND MANDATE
The Asia and Far East Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of
Offenders (UNAFEI) was established in Tokyo, Japan in 1961 pursuant to an agreement
between the United Nations and the Government of Japan. Its goal is to contribute tosound social development in Asia and the Pacific region by promoting regional cooperationin the field of crime prevention and criminal justice, through training and research.
UNAFEI has paid utmost attention to the priority themes identified by theCommission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice. Moreover, UNAFEI has been
taking up urgent, contemporary problems in the administration of criminal justice inthe region, especially problems generated by rapid socio-economic change (e.g.,transnational organized crime, corruption, economic and computer crime and the reintegration of prisoners into society) as the main themes and topics for its training
courses, seminars and research projects.
II. TRAINING
Training is the principal area and priority of the Institute's work programmes. In
the international training courses and seminars, participants from different areas ofcriminal justice discuss and study pressing problems of criminal justice administrationfrom various perspectives. They deepen their understanding, with the help of lectures
and advice by the UNAFEI faculty, visiting experts and ad hoc lecturers. This so-called"problem-solving through an integrated approach" is one of the chief characteristics of
UNAFEI programmes.
Each year, UNAFEI conducts two international training courses (three months
duration) and one international seminar (one month duration). Approximately 60
government officials from various overseas countries receive fellowships from the Japan
International Cooperation Agency (JICA; a governmental agency for ODA programmes)
each year to participate in UNAFEI training programmes.
Training courses and seminars are attended by both overseas and Japaneseparticipants. Overseas participants come not only from the Asia-Pacific region but also
from the Middle and Near East, Latin America and Africa. These participants areexperienced practitioners and administrators holding relatively senior positions incriminal justice fields.
During its 39 years of existence, UNAFEI has conducted a total of 113 international
training courses and seminars, in which approximately 2700 criminal justice personnel
have participated, representing 98 different countries. In their respective countries,
UNAFEI alumni have been playing leading roles and holding important posts in thefields of crime prevention and the treatment of offenders, and in related organizations.

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ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1999
A. The 111th International Seminar
1. Introduction
From 18 January to 19 February 1999, 25 participants from 20 countries attended
the 111th International Seminar to examine the main theme of "The Role of Police,
Prosecution and the Judiciary in the Changing Society."
2. Methodology
Firstly, the Seminar participants respectively introduced the current position
regarding the role and function of criminal justice agencies in their country. Secondly,
General Discussion Sessions in the conference hall examined the subtopics of the main
theme. In sum, the participants comprehensively examined recent manifestations ofcrime which have been transformed by social developments such as industrialization,
urbanization and advancements in science and technology. How modern criminal justiceagencies are to respond to this change was analyzed in order to seek concrete
recommendations. In order to conduct each session efficiently, the UNAFEI facultyprovided the following three topics for participant discussion:
Topic 1: Effective measures for better detection of crime and more thoroughinvestigations;
Topic 2: The role of prosecution in the changing society; andTopic 3: Effective Countermeasures for Speedy Trial.
The chairperson, co-chairperson, rapporteur and co-rapporteur, who were elected foreach topic, organized the discussions in relation to the above themes. Subsequently, inthe conference hall, all the participants and the UNAFEI faculty seriously studied thedesignated subtopics and exchanged views. Final reports were compiled, based on thesaid discussions, and were ultimately adopted as the reports of the Seminar. These
reports have been printed in their entirety in the UNAFEI Resource Material Series
No. 55.
3. Outcome Summary
Of grave concern worldwide is the prevalence and complexity of transnationalorganized crime, which seems to be growing yearly. The manifestations and seriousnessof transnational organized crime are overwhelming; for example, the smuggling of illegal
migrants, money-laundering, large-scale corporate fraud, and illicit trafficking in drugs,
firearms, stolen motor vehicles, and - most appalling -women and children. These crimes,
as well as their perpetrators, are increasing exponentially. Moreover, transnationalorganized crime remains largely undetected, due to the fact that traditionally it iscommitted behind a veil of secrecy.
The proliferation of such crime poses a great threat at various levels of society. First,
the life and welfare of individual citizens are imperiled. Secondly, national security andthe rule of law are threatened. Moreover, in the extreme case, it may destabilize thefundamental framework of a nation. In this regard, the importance of detecting andpreventing such crime in every country and the international community cannot beemphasized enough.

4MAIN ACTIVITIESThe seriousness and heinousness of these crimes speak for themselves.
Countermeasures and recommended solutions to this problem may include:(i) Adoption of a police model whereby the political executive does not have unhinderedor direct control over police organizations.
(ii) Established recruitment/appointment criteria and incentives to increase the calibreof investigative, prosecuting and judicial personnel, including attractive conditionsof service; adequate equipment, training and facilities; promotion and higher
education opportunities.
(iii) Cooperation and coordination with the public and between investigative agencies.
(iv) Introduction of specific legislation relating to the admissibility of evidence gatheredby electronic surveillance and covert operations; confiscation of illicit proceeds
and anti-money laundering provisions; establishing a presumption against theaccused (shift in the burden of proof) in certain cases.
(v) Strategies to address the overloading of courts, including possible use of summary
proceedings, plea bargaining, and discretionary withdrawal and suspension.
(vi) Establish guidelines to facilitate speedy trial, including strict non-adjournment
policies; time limits for submission of expert reports and for completing trial;
sanctions against dilatory tactics of counsel; limiting the scope of preliminary
hearing activities.
While crime control is an issue concerning society as a whole, the criminal justicesystem – especially the police, prosecution and judiciary - is vested with a particularresponsibility in this regard. Thus it is imperative that relevant agencies addressthese changing issues from a proactive, as well as a reactive, position.
B. The 112th International Training Course
1. Introduction
UNAFEI conducted the 112th International Training Course from 12 April to 4 July
1999 with the main theme, "Participation of the Public and Victims for More Fair andEffective Criminal Justice Administration." This Course consisted of 27 participantsfrom 18 countries. The Institute's selection of this theme reflects its concern regarding
the often limited participation of the public and victims in criminal justice processes.
Facilitating meaningful inclusion and involvement requires the establishment, proper
implementation, and strengthening of programmes and services from the pre-trial
through to post-trial stages, and from a crime prevention perspective.
2. Methodology
The participants identified the obstacles to the participation of victims and the public
in criminal justice procedures and policies, and searched for effective measures tofacilitate involvement. In this regard, the underlying tension between the need to protect
the rights of the accused and the need to recognize victims' and the public's interest,
was acknowledged and explored with a view to reducing disparities.
The objectives were primarily realized through the Individual Presentations and Group
Workshop sessions. In the former, each participant presented the actual situation,
problems and future prospects of their country with respect to the main theme of the
Course. The Group Workshops further examined the subtopics of the main theme. To

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ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1999
facilitate discussion, the participants were divided into the following three groups under
the guidance of faculty advisers:
Group 1: Victim Assistance: Public Participation for More Effective Crime Prevention
and Law Enforcement;Group 2: Participation of the Public and Victims for More Effective Administration in
the Prosecution and the Judiciary; andGroup 3: Participation of the Public and Victims for More Effective Administration in
the Treatment of Offenders.
Each group elected a chairperson(s) and rapporteur(s) to organize the discussions.
The group members seriously studied the designated subtopics and exchanged theirviews based on information obtained through personal experience, the Individual
Presentations, lectures and so forth. Fourteen sessions were allocated for Group
Discussion. In the sixth, eighth and ninth week, Plenary Meetings were held to discuss
the interim outline of the Group Workshop reports and to offer suggestions and comments.
During the final Plenary Meetings in the tenth week, drafts of the Group Workshop
reports were examined and critiqued by all the participants and the UNAFEI faculty.
Based on these discussions, the Groups further refined their reports and presented
them in the Report-Back Session, where they were endorsed as the reports of the Course.
The full texts of the reports have been published in the UNAFEI Resource Material
Series No. 56.
3. Outcome Summary
Public participation and cooperation is an essential element of all aspects of criminal
justice administration, from crime prevention to the treatment of offenders. Regrettably,
many countries have not successfully obtained such participation and cooperation due
to a lack of public confidence in, and relevant policies related to, criminal justiceadministration.
In order to obtain public confidence and cooperation, the recognition, protection andincorporation of the rights and interests of victims of crime ('victims') in criminal justiceadministration is fundamental. Assistance and protection of the rights of victims isnecessary at all stages of the criminal justice process, from pre-trial to post-trial. In
this context, there are growing concerns that the current administration of the criminal
justice system has often resulted in the unfair treatment of victims.
Although assistance to, and the protection of, the rights and interests of victims andthe public are, in some jurisdictions, established; many countries (including Asian and
African) are still lacking in this regard. The following initiatives are some measuresthat may be taken to enhance public and victim involvement in the criminal justiceprocess:(i) Improving community policing through sensitivity training and organizational
re-structuring of the police services; and through public education campaigns.
(ii) Increasing victim services including crisis intervention, counseling, and advocacy
assistance and support.
(iii) Introduce a notification system for victims and, where necessary, the right to attend

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trial as a spectator.
(iv) Expand victim participation in the criminal prosecution process and provide
opportunities for input on sentencing and appeal.
(v) Provide monetary redress/compensation to victims through accessible means.
(vi) Avail public support for both the penal and community-based treatment ofoffenders, particularly by use of volunteer probation officer (VPO) systems, victimoffender panels and work release programs.
Many countries have recently seen an increase in the number and seriousness ofcrime. However the prevention and control of crime, through the fair and effective
administration of criminal justice, cannot be achieved by governments alone. Public
and victim participation and cooperation play a pivotal role in crime prevention. Without
improvement in the means to facilitate this involvement, a fair and effective criminal
justice system will not be achieved.
C. The 113th International Training Course
1. Introduction
From 30 August to 18 November 1999, UNAFEI conducted the 113th International
Training Course with the main theme, "The Effective Administration of Criminal Justicefor the Prevention of Corrupt Activities by Public Officials." This Course consisted of 30
participants from 19 countries.
2. Methodology
The 113th Course endeavored to explore the best means to more effectively combat
corruption in public officials through the development of transparency and accountability,and by strengthening the criminal justice system. This was accomplished primarily
through the comparative analysis of the current situation and problems in the participating
countries. Our in-depth discussions enabled us to put forth effective and practicalcountermeasures to this problem, so as to improve the global fight against corruption.
This Training Course provided a forum for the exchange of information and views on
how criminal justice agencies in the respective countries detect, investigate and prosecutecorruption cases, as well as the problems and difficulties encountered in that regard.
Discussions also highlighted the importance of establishing more efficient systems andeffective countermeasures, and the need to increase international cooperation in thisfield in order to eradicate such crime.
The objectives were primarily realized through the Individual Presentations and theGroup Workshop sessions. In the former, each participant presented the actual situation,
problems and future prospects of their country with respect to the main theme of the
Course. The Group Workshops further examined the subtopics of the main theme. To
facilitate discussions, the participants were divided into the following three groups,
under the guidance of faculty advisers:
Group 1: Current Situation and Recent Trends in the Corrupt Activities of Public
Officials and Criminal Legislation against Corruption;
Group 2: Current Problems in Responding to the Corrupt Activities of Public Officials
at the Investigation and Trial Stages, and Solutions for them; and7

ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1999
Group 3: General Preventative Measures against the Corrupt Activities of Public
Officials.
Each group elected a chairperson(s) and rapporteur(s) to organize the discussions.
The group members seriously studied the designated subtopics and exchanged theirviews based on information obtained through personal experience, the Individual
Presentations, lectures and so forth. Seventeen sessions were allocated for Groupdiscussion.
In weeks five to ten, Plenary Meetings were held to discuss the interim outline of theGroup Workshop reports and to offer suggestions and comments. During the final
Plenary Meetings in the tenth week, drafts of the Group Workshop reports were examined
and critiqued by all the participants and the UNAFEI faculty. Based on these discussions,
the Groups further refined their reports and presented them in the Report-Back Session,
where they were endorsed as the reports of the Course. The reports will be published infull in the UNAFEI Resource Material Series No. 56.
3. Outcome Summary
Corruption is a social phenomena escalating in magnitude and form. Its activities
can manifest as bribery, undue influence or misuse of professional status for personal
gain, incorporating a range of traditional, punishable offences, including breach of trustand embezzlement.
Corruption undoubtedly disrupts the integrity and neutrality of public officials in
performing their duties. It breeds a feeling of distrust and unfairness toward the nationalor local government by the citizenry, and may ultimately weaken gravely or collapse
the national or local ruling government and economic structure of a country. It is alsosuggested that organized crime groups are involved in many corruption cases.
There are many common problems in responding to the corrupt activities of public
officials at the level of detection, investigation, prosecution and trial, although legal
frameworks and systems vary from country to country. One of the most importanttasks for the criminal justice system is to expose the corrupt activities of public officials
and to punish the wrongdoers effectively. The following countermeasures are suggested
as a means of achieving this goal and developing a preventative framework:(i) Clarify the responsibilities of public officials and educate them in matters including
conflict of interest, transparency and accountability.
(ii) Implement internal inspection programs, auditing and disciplinary actions,preferably conducted by outside agencies.
(iii) Introduce substantive domestic legislation against corruption, including broadinterpretation of the offence; increased punishment provisions; confiscation/
forfeiture of assets; and criminalize bribe-giving.
(iv) Improve investigative tools including the use of covert operations and wire-tapping
for corruption offences, and enhance co-ordination between different investigatingorganizations.
(v) Seek the cooperation of financial institutions and introduce mandatory disclosure
provisions for financial transactions.

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MAIN ACTIVITIES(vi) Introduce an ombudsman system and increase public awareness of the adverse
effects of corruption
With the globalization of economic activities, many countries have recently seen acorresponding increase in the number of corruption cases of a transnational nature.
The acknowledged difficulties of detecting, preventing and punishing corrupt activities
are increased in the international arena. In this context, including extradition provisions
for corruption offences in bi-lateral and multi-lateral agreements is one solution.
Needless to say, the prevention and exposure of corrupt activities are vital. The
clandestine nature of such activities obscures the ability of investigators to detect andexpose them. Other obstacles include the difficulty in securing the cooperation of thepeople involved in the case during investigation and trial; the scarcity of personnel andmaterial resources in the criminal justice system; laws limiting the authorized methodsof investigation; and the limited skill and/or low morale of the investigators. Without
meaningful commitment to the eradication of corruption by governments and individual
agencies/departments, through practical measures and legislative support, the combatof corruption in public offices will not be achieved.
III. SECOND EXPERTS MEETING ON CRIMES RELATED TO THE
COMPUTER NETWORKUNAFEI hosted the second Experts Meeting on Crimes Related to the Computer
Network from 25 October to 28 October 1999 in preparation for the Workshop on Crimes
Related to the Computer Network, as part of the Tenth United Nations Congress for thePrevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders. To this end, UNAFEI welcomed
representatives from all world regions to our institute to discuss Workshop issues interms of their significance to Member States.
UNAFEI willingly assumed responsibility to organize and host the Experts Meetings,
as well as to act as coordinator for the Workshop at the Congress, in response to arequest made during the twelfth Co-ordination Meeting of the United Nations Crime
Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme Network held in Courmayeur, Italy, 1997.
The first Experts Meeting was held at UNAFEI in October 1998. The work product of
this initial meeting was submitted to the eighth session of the Commission on Crime
Prevention and Criminal Justice in April 1999. The second Experts Meeting wasorganized to finalize preparations for the Workshop, based on the outcome of the firstExperts Meeting and subsequent administrative changes.
IV. TECHNICAL COOPERATION
A. Joint Seminars
Since 1981, UNAFEI has conducted 20 joint seminars under the auspices of JICA
and in collaboration with host governments in Asia and the Pacific. With the participationof policy-makers and high-ranking administrators, including members of academia,
the joint seminars attempt to provide a discussion forum in which participants canshare their views and jointly seek solutions to various problems currently facing criminal
justice administration in both the host country and Japan.

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ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1999
1. Thailand-UNAFEI Joint Seminar
The Thailand-UNAFEI Joint Seminar was held in Bangkok under the theme of"Community and Victim Involvement in Criminal Justice Administration" from 13 to
16 December 1999. The Government of the Kingdom of Thailand, through the Office of
the Attorney General, and UNAFEI organized the Joint Seminar. The Joint Seminar
was attended by high-ranking Thai government officials, representing all sectors of thecriminal justice system. The UNAFEI delegation comprised of the Director, Deputy
Director, four professors and an official from the National Police Agency of Japan. The
Joint Seminar concluded with a summary of each session and an oral presentation of
the resulting recommendations for the betterment of the Thai criminal justice system,as formulated by each session.
B. Regional Training Programmes
1. Costa Rica
In February 1999, the Preliminary Survey for the Regional Seminar on Effective
Measures for the Improvement of Prison Conditions and Correctional Programmes washeld in San Jose, Costa Rica. The Government of Costa Rica, through the United Nations
Latin American Institute for the Prevention of Crime and Treatment of Offenders(ILANUD), will now organize and host the Costa Rica Regional Seminar, with the supportof JICA and UNAFEI, as a result of the Preliminary Survey's findings. This seminar
will be held annually for five years and will target correctional officers in Latin America.
Under this scheme, two UANFEI professors attended the 1st International Training
Course on the Improvement of Prison Conditions and Correctional Programmes, from 7
to 21 August 1999.
2. Kenya
From 15 August to 5 October 1999, two UNAFEI professors were dispatched to Kenya
to assist the Children's Department of the Ministry of Home Affairs and National
Heritage in a project to develop nationwide standards for the treatment of juvenile
offenders and the prevention of crime by children and young persons.
3. Thailand
From 18 to 29 January 1999, two UNAFEI professors represented the Institute at
the Seventh Regional Training Course on "Effective Countermeasures against Drug
Offences and Advancement of Criminal Justice Administration", hosted by the Office of
the Narcotics Control Board, in Bangkok, Thailand.
C. Special Seminars for Senior Criminal Justice Officials of the People's
Republic of China
1. Fourth Special Seminar for Senior Criminal Justice Officials of the People's
Republic of China
The Fourth Special Seminar for Senior Officials of Criminal Justice in the People's
Republic of China, "Rational Structure of Criminal Justice and Relationship between
the Different Agencies of Criminals Justice," was held from 1 to 19 March 1999. Ten
senior criminal justice officials and UNAFEI faculty comparatively discussed
contemporary problems faced by China and Japan in the realization of criminal justice.

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MAIN ACTIVITIES
V. COMPARATIVE RESEARCH PROJECT
Reflecting its emphasis on the systematic relevance of training activities and priority
themes identified by the UN Commission, the research activities of the Institute aredesigned to meet practical needs, including those for training materials for criminal
justice personnel. For example, in 1999 UNAFEI updated its research by requesting
several experts from countries in the Asia-Pacific region to report on their respective
probation systems. UNAFEI subsequently compiled and published these reports in abook entitled "Adult Probation Profiles of Asia" and distributed copies internationally.
VI. INFORMATION AND DOCUMENTATION SERVICES
The Institute continues to collect data and other resource materials on crime trends,
crime prevention strategies and the treatment of offenders, from Asia, the Pacific, Africa,
Europe and the Americas, and makes use of this information in its training courses andseminars. The Information and Library Service of the Institute has been providing,upon request, materials and information to United Nations agencies, governmentalorganizations, research institutes and researchers, both domestic and foreign.
VII. PUBLICATIONS
Reports on training courses and seminars are published regularly by the Institute.
Since 1971, the Institute has issued the Resource Material Series, which contains
contributions by the faculty members, visiting experts and participants of UNAFEI
courses and seminars. In 1999, the 54th edition of the Resource Material Series was
published. Additionally, issues 98 to 100 of the UNAFEI Newsletter were published,including a brief report on each course and seminar (from the 111th to the 113th
respectively) and providing other timely information.
VIII. OTHER ACTIVITIES
A. Public Lecture Programme
On 10 February 1999, the Public Lecture Programme was conducted in the Grand
Conference Hall of the Ministry of Justice. In attendance were many distinguishedguests, UNAFEI alumni and the 111th International Seminar participants. This
Programme was jointly sponsored by the Asia Crime Prevention Foundation (ACPF),
the Japan Criminal Policy Society (JCPS) and UNAFEI.
Public Lecture Programmes increase the public's awareness of criminal justice issues,
through comparative international study, by inviting distinguished speakers from abroad.
This year, the Programme sponsors invited Mr. Suchart Traiprasit (Attorney General,
Office of the Attorney General, Thailand) and Judge Rya W. Zobel (Judge, U.S. District
Court for the District of Massachusetts and Director of Federal Judicial Centre, UnitedStates of America). Their lectures were entitled "The Role of Thai Prosecutors in theFight against Transnational Crime" and "An Overview of the United States Sentencing
Guidelines," respectively.

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ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1999
B. Assisting UNAFEI Alumni Activities
Various UNAFEI alumni associations in several countries have commenced, or areabout to commence, research activities in their respective criminal justice fields. It is,therefore, one of the important tasks of UNAFEI to support these contributions toimprove the crime situation internationally.
C. Overseas Missions
Mr. Chikara Satoh (Professor) and Mr. Ryosuke Kurosawa (Professor) represented
UNAFEI at the 7th Regional Training Course on "Effective Countermeasures against
Drug Offences and Advancement of Criminal Justice Administration", hosted by the
Office of the Narcotics Control Board, in Bangkok, Thailand, from 18 to 29 January
1999.
Ms. Kayo Konagi (Professor) and Mr. Shinya Watanabe (Professor) visited the Republicof Costa Rica from 14 to 27 February 1999 for the purpose of formulating an International
Training Course on the Improvement of Prison Conditions and Correctional Programmes.
Mr. Chikara Satoh (Professor) participated in the ACPF Working Group Meeting on"The Role of Public Prosecutors in the Changing World" in Bangkok, Thailand, from 15
to 18 February 1999.
Mr. Mikinao Kitada (Director) and Mr. Keiichi Aizawa (Professor) represented
UNAFEI at the 8th UN Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, Vienna,from 26 April to 8 May 1999.
Mr. Masahiro Tauchi (Deputy Director), as a member-representative of UNAFEI and
the Japanese delegation, attended the Subgroup on High-tech Crime of the G8 Senior
Experts' Group on Transnational Organized Crime, held in Paris, France, from 17 to 22
May 1999.
Mr. Mikinao Kitada (Director), Mr. Akihiro Nosaka (Professor) and Mr. Kazuhiko
Kawasaki (Director of 2nd Training Division, Research & Training Institute of Ministryof Justice) visited the Peoples' Republic of China, from 19 to 26 July 1999, for the purposeof fostering international exchange in criminal justice administration.
Mr. Shinya Watanabe (Professor) and Mr. Chikara Satou (Professor) represented
UNAFEI at the 1st International Training Course on the Improvement of Prison
Conditions and Correctional Programmes, San Jose, Costa Rica, from 7 to 21 August
1999.
Mr. Shoji Imafuku (Professor) and Mr. Hiroshi Tsutomi (Professor) visited Kenya as
short-term visiting experts, as part of a JICA international assistance scheme for thePrevention of Crime by Children and Young Persons, from 15 August to 5 October 1999.
Mr. Hiroshi Tsutomi (Professor) represented UNAFEI at the 19th Asia and PacificConference of Correctional Administrators (APCCA), Shanghai, the People's Republicof China, from 24 to 29 October 1999.

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MAIN ACTIVITIES
Mr. Keiichi Aizawa (Professor) attended the International Association of Prosecutors
4th Annual Conference General Meeting in Beijing, the People's Republic of China,
from 5 to 11 September 1999.
Mr. Keiichi Aizawa (Professor) represented UNAFEI at the International Conference
for Combatting Child Pornography on the Internet in Vienna, Austria, from 28 September
to 2 October 1999.
Mr. Mikinao Kitada (Director) attended the 14th Co-ordination Meeting of the Networkof United Nations Institutes, 18 November 1999, and the ISPAC International Conference
on Responding to the Challenges of Corruption, 19-20 November 1999, in Milan, Italy.
Mr. Masahiro Tauchi (Deputy Director), Mr. Shoji Imafuku (Professor) and Mr. Chikara
Satou (Professor) attended the ACPG International World Conference in New Delhi,
India, from 21 to 26 November 1999.
Mr. Chikara Satou (Professor) attended the ILEA Senior Criminal Justice Executive
Program on Organized and Transnational Crime in Bangkok, Thailand, from 29
November to 1 December 1999.
Mr. Mikinao Kitada (Director), Mr. Masahiro Tauchi (Deputy Director), Mr. Hiroshi
Iitsuka (Professor), Mr. Chikara Satou (Professor), Mr. Shinya Watanabe (Professor)
and Mr. Shoji Imafuku (Professor) attended the Thailand-UNAFEI Joint Seminar in
Bangkok, Thailand, from 13 to 16 December 1999.
D. Assisting ACPF Activities
UNAFEI cooperates and corroborates with the ACPF to further improve crime
prevention and criminal justice administration in the region. Since UNAFEI and the
ACPF have many similar goals, and a large part of ACPF's membership consist of
UNAFEI alumni, the relationship between the two is strong. Some examples ofcooperation and corroboration can be seen as follows:a. UNAFEI faculty members attended the ACPF working group meeting on prosecution
held in Thailand in February 1999.
b. UNAFEI dispatched faculty members to India to attend the ACPF International
World Conference in November 1999.
IX. HUMAN RESOURCES
A. Staff
In 1970, the Government of Japan assumed full financial and administrative
responsibility for running the Institute. The Director, Deputy Director and sevenprofessors are selected from among public prosecutors, the judiciary, corrections andprobation. UNAFEI also has approximately 20 administrative staff members, who areappointed from among officials of the Government of Japan, and a linguistic adviser.

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