Belle / Belle II
Takeo Higuchi

IPNS, KEK
Belle Collabora1on

Topics on
the Belle Opera7onRaw Data Grand Reprocess

newold• Grand reprocess of Belle raw data
– Track ﬁnding eﬃciency ↑Track ﬁnding algorithm is switched from
Conformal to Hough transforma1on method.
‐ Reconst. eﬃciency: +7% for J/ψKS(π+π–), +60% for D*+D*– (no π0).
‐– γ/π0 eﬃciency ↑ECL E threshold is changed from constant to azimuth‐angle dependent.
‐ Reconst. eﬃciency: +10% for J/ψKS(π0π0), +22% for D*0(D0π0)π–‐– Several minor modiﬁca1ons, correc1ons• All grand reprocess eﬀorts have completely converged– Exp#41‐55 (372 b–1): released on Dec.24,2009.
– Exp#31‐39, 65, 69 (241 b–1): released on Feb.9,2010.

Addi7onal COPPERs to Belle DAQ
4 x digi7zer units Online CPU• COPPER readout system consists of:

Add‐on cards to the COPPER

VME9U– Common R/O plagorm: COPPER– Signal digi1zer unit
– COPPER R/O PC, slow control, etc …

2 x 100BaseT ports
Data TX and run control

Triggercard• COPPER system test in Belle beam opera7on for Belle II– KLM readout electronics changed from LeCroy FASTBUS TDCs toAMT‐3 TDC + COPPER

Sequen1al 1ming signals from3264 input channels are digi1zed by
AMT‐3 TDC on COPPER.
‐ 34 COPPERs are newly installed.
‐– 179 COPPERs have been working for Belle DAQ so far.

New Readout System for Belle II ECL• Readout system of Belle II ECL• Pre‐ampliﬁer• Shaper (shaping‐1me 0.5μs … E measurement)• Shaper (shaping‐1me 0.2μs … trigger)• ADC (18‐bit, 2MHz)• FPGA for waveform analysis• Data collector binding FE and COPPER– Prototype system test in Belle“Shaper + ADC” electronics‐ On‐COPPER electronics withFPGA for data RX and WFA‐TKOPrototype systemtest in Belle beam
opera7on started
since Oct.15,2009.
VME9U– New system under R&D‐“Shaper + ADC + WFA FPGA” electronics

Topics on
the Recent Physics Analysesb  sℓ+ℓ−• Physics mo7va7on– In the SM, the decay is mediatedby Z/γ penguin and W+W– box diagrams.
– Interference by NP par1cles to SM diagram may detect the NP,

especially for Wilson coeﬃcients: C7, C9, C10• B  K(*)ℓ+ℓ− (exclusive)– Low‐BG reconstruc1on– AFB: fwd/bwd asymmetry• B  Xsℓ+ℓ− (inclusive)

Bℓ+fwdℓ−
θBℓ

K*

bwdℓ+

θBℓ

K*

Bℓ−

in K*rest frame– Low form‐factor uncertainty in B  K decay– d(Br)/d(q2): diﬀeren1al branching frac1onB  K(*)ℓ+ℓ− (exclusive)• K(*)ℓ+ℓ− reconstruc7on,– K(*): K+π–, K+π0, KSπ+, K+, KS

657M BB– ℓ+ℓ− : excluding lepton pairs

forming J/ψ and ψ(2S) mass ( band).
– BG suppression: (qq / semi‐ℓ B decays):‐Kℓ+ℓ−

K*ℓ+ℓ−

Fisher‐discriminant, cosθ, etc.
Mbc (GeV/c2)• AFB as a func7on of q2=Mℓℓ2c2 for  K*ℓ+ℓ−
AFB is determined for each of 6 q2 regionsby ﬁ{ng θBℓ to distribu1on func1on including AFB.

SM predic7on
C7 = –C7SM casePhys. Rev. Le|. 103, 171801 (2009).

Hint of New
Physics ?

B  Xsℓ+ℓ− (inclusive)
657M BB• Xsℓ+ℓ− reconstruc7on– Xs: K+ + nπ± + mπ0 / KS + nπ± + mπ0‐n+m = 0 … 4, m = 0,1– ℓ+ℓ− : excluding J/ψ and ψ(2S)– BG suppression as well.

_– Peaking BG (Xscc, Xshh, Xshℓν) and self cross feed  sys.err.
d(Br)/d(q2):• Total Br and diﬀeren7al Br–BelleTheo.

Data
MCC7 sign
ﬂippedfrom C7SM‐‐H.Nakayama, Ph.D. thesis (2010).

SMResults favor SM

Y(5S), Y(2S), Y(1S) Physics Analyses• Y(5S) … L=125 h–1: on‐going analyses– Br(Y(5S)BBπ(π)):– Br(BsDs(*)+Ds(*)–):– Br(BsDs*π, Ds(*)ρ):– Br(BsJ/ψη(’)):– BsJ/ψφ:

informa1on to Y(5S) resonance dynamics
input to ΔΓs determina1onﬁrst meas. to be compared with Bd case
input to the 1me‐dependent CPV analysis
1me‐dependent
analysis to get ΔΓs/Γs

Mbc ofBsJ/ψφ@ 24 h–1• Y(2S), Y(1S) … L=24.1 h–1, L=5.7 h–1: on‐going analyses, eﬀorts– Br(ηbJJ/ψJ/ψ):judgment of 2 exis1ng Br model; (Y(2S)γηbJ)– Decay simula1on tool of Y(1S) is being developed/tuned.

More and more are going on.

Y(4S) Physics Analyses (780h–1)• Time‐dependent analyses– Published:

CPV in B0D*+D*–, CPV in B0K0π0 … Accepted by PRD– On‐going:
CPV in B0K+K–KS, CPV in B0φKSγ,
CPTV in B0J/ψK0, D(*)h, D*ℓν
_ 00
– Prospects: The ﬁnal CPV in B (cc)K with full Y(4S) data for summer;
φ2 update, CPV in bs, CPV in DD for summer or later_• D0‐D0 mixing analyses– Toward summer 2010:– Toward early 2011:• Rare‐B‐decay analyses

D0 π+π–KS, D0K+K–KS
D0K+π–π0, D0KK/ππ_– B  D+ℓ+ℓ−, B  ρ+ω, B  π0π0, B  νν …

More and more are going on as well.

Hints of the New Physics

CP Viola7on in bs Penguin• Devia7on of bs CP‐viola7ng

parameter from bc indicates
NP in the penguin loop
B0  J/ψK0 (bc)

B0  φK0, η’K0 (bs)– Sbc = SbsSM– W.A.: Sbs = 0.62±0.04– W.A.: Sbc = 0.673±0.023– δ(Sbs) ~ 0.012 @ 50ab–1

1.3σdevia7on

Kπ Puzzle in B0/B+ CP Viola7on
B0  K–π+

B0  K+π–B0

5.3σ devia7on  Hint of NP
B –  K–π0

B+  K+π0

PEW contribu1on to CPV(only to B+ mode) may
be large due to NP…?

B+TP

CPEW

NP will violate above equa7on  Measurements of 4 ACP’s answer.

B+  τ+ντbB+
uW+, H+signal peakτ+ντIf the decay is also mediated by H+, as well as W+, the Br will deviate from the SM predic1on.

2.4σdevia7on

backgroundConstraint ontanβ and mH+
rela7on is imposed.

δ(Br) ~2% @50 ab–1

_D0‐D0 Mixing_yD ≡ ΔΓD/2ΓD (%)

Larger D0‐D0 mixing thanthe SM predic1on (xD).

Average of Belle, BaBar,
CDF, CLEOc

Hint of NP

SM predic1on

Possible scenario_ tohave large D0‐D0 mixing
R‐parity‐viola1ng
SUSY par1cle in thebox‐diagram
E. Golowich et al.,
PRD76 095009 (2007)

R‐parity‐viola1ng coupling
constant can be determinedby precise meas. of xD and SUSY
par1cle masses (md~=m~ℓ).
xD xD ≡ ΔMD/ΓD (%)

A. Petrov, Int. J. Mod.
Phys. A 21, 5686 (2006)

m=300GeV/c2

m=2000GeV/c2
coupling const.

Toward Belle IIAccess to the New Physics by Belle II
Typical SUSY models

Measurements by Belle IIand others
…

mSUG
RA

MSSM+νR
degenerate…

SU(5)+νR

non‐degenerate

degenerate

non‐degenerate

U(2)
FS
✔

ACP(sγ)S(K*γ)

✔

✔

✔

S(ργ)

✔

✔

✔

S(φKS)✔

✔

✔

S(BsJ/ψφ)

✔

✔

✔

✔

✔

?

✔

✔

?

✔

?

μeγ

✔

τμγ

✔

✔
✔

τeγ
✔: possible devia1on from SMT.Goto et al., Phys. Rev. D77, 095010 (2008).

Survey as much modes as possible and ﬁgure out thenature of NP (e.g.: SUSY) hidden above TeV.

Belle II Detector
Central dri| chambersmall cell, longer lever arm

More intelligent
trigger

Time of propaga7on
counter + Aerogel RICH

High speed
DAQ electronics
Largermass storage

2‐layer DEPFET pixel+ 4‐layer DSSD

Calorimeterbarrel: CsI(Tl)endcap: CsI(pure)KLμ detector
barrel: RPC
endcap: scin7llator + SiPM

Vertex Detectors
2‐layer DEPFET pixel
4‐layer DSSD

SVD
PXD

Track impact parameter resolu7on

B‐meson eﬃciency ↑ by acceptance increase
Self tracking performancein very fwd/bwd region @ 1GeV/c
PXD/SVDPXD/SVD/CDC

FWD

69μm

54μm

BWD

38μm

30μm

If PXD/SVD coverage increases from 92 to 94%

eﬀ.B = 34.5  37.5%

IR design

Be pipe with 20mm/30mm diameter
and with beam crossing angle 83mrad.

Central Dri| Chamber
Longer lever arm
Smaller cell
Geometrical parameters (preliminary)Radius (mm)Number of layers
Number of sense wires

160‐1096
5815104

B‐meson eﬃciency vs. background (MC)B0→J/ψKS reconstruc1on eﬃciency is notvery degraded even in higher background.

Prototype of CDC frontend readout• Installed inside Belle II• Preampliﬁer & shaper• FADC: 32MHz, 10bit• TDC: 1ns coun1ng• Tracking performance wasstudied with beam test

Dead1me is to be suppressed by smaller cell, new
R/O electronics, and so‘ware updates to maintainthe present tracking eﬃciency under the higher
BG.

Par7cle Iden7ﬁca7on
TOP readout

Barrel: TOP counter
Endcap: Aerogel RICH
Theory of TOP opera7onIden1fy par1cles by measuring propaga1on 1meof Cherenkov light in quartz bar.
R/O byphoto‐cathodeTOP performance (MC)DSP FINESSE on COPPER
Frontend ASIC
• 60 waveform Sa/s
• 4GSa/s, 9bit
• FADC: 32MHz 10bit • Op1cal ﬁber I/F

Theory of Aerogel RICH opera7on
Iden1fy par1cles
chargedby detec1ng
par1cleCherenkov ring
photon fromaerogel radiator.

photondet.
e.g: HAPD

ARICH performance from beam test
resol. =4mrad/trk
Detector conﬁgura1on and cylindrical layout
are being studied to tune the performance.

5.8σ K/π@ 4GeV/cCalorimetry and KL/μ Detec7on
Calorimeter: B=CsI(Tℓ),
E=CsI,BSO,PbWO4
KL/μ: B=RPC, E=Scin7llator

KLM endcap upgrade
RPC is replaced with scin1llator strip + WLS +SiPM against higher background in endcap part.

ECL endcap baseline op7on: CsI(pure)• CsI(pure) has shorter decay 1me than CsI(Tℓ).
• Pipeline readout w/ waveform analysis.
 Combined eﬀect of shorter decay 1me and1ming informa1on suppresses fake clusters
by factor 30;
Pileup noise will be reduced by factor 5.

Other ECL endcap op7ons: BSO or PbWO4• Pro: be|er 2 shower resolu1on …
• Con: mechanical strength …

KLM endcap general layout• 4cm width / strip.
• 75 strips / sector.
• 2‐superlayer structure;orthogonal each other• 4% dead zone in total
due to cables, supports,etc.

Readout System
An7cipateddata size[kB/ev]

PXD

100 ARICH

4SVD

12CDC

<120 ECL~
6 KLM

TOP

4 TRG–Special
Electronics

PXD

Rocket I/O~2 Gbps

HLT

Par1al event builder
merging mul1pleﬁbers.
COPPER
COPPERCOPPER

FINESSER/O PC

COPPER
COPPER
COPPER

FINESSER/O PC

Rocket I/O R/X

HLT

EVB
#1

HLT

EVB
#2

HLT

…

Frontend
Digi1zer

PC‐based
higher level
online trigger
HLT…

…
KLM

MergerElectronics and/or PC for PXD
readout and online data
reduc1on with track matching.

…

CDC

Frontend
Digi1zer–Design max L1 rate: 30kHz
L1 latency: 5μs

HLT

HLT

Belle II Short‐Term Schedule• Technical design report– The preliminary version of TDR will be released around the endof February (or beginning of March).

• The 5th open mee7ng of the Belle II collabora7on– The Belle II group mee1ng is held from March 31st to April 2nd

to make an important step toward ﬁnalizing the detector
design.

Belle II and LHCb
Belle

Belle IIBelle IILHCb~ 0.5 ab−1

5 ab−150 ab−1

10 h−1 [5yrs]

ΔS(φKS)

0.22

0.073

0.029

0.14

ΔS(η’KS)

0.11

0.038

0.020

‐‐‐

φs from S(J/ψφ)

–––

0.01

S(K*γ)

0.36

0.12

0.03

–

S(ργ)

0.68

0.22

0.08

–

ΔBr/Br(Bτν)

3.5σ

10%

3%–

Bsμμ?

?

?

5σ @ 6 h−1τμμ [x10−9]<45<30<8‐‐‐τμμμ [x10−9]<209<10<1‐‐‐

φ211⁰

2⁰1⁰4.5⁰

φ316⁰6⁰2⁰2.4⁰• Belle II and LHCb would co‐reveal the New Physics– Belle II has advantages in modes with γ, π0; modes with ν;_modes with KS vertex reconstruc1on; … (Bτν, bsqq, τ LFV…)

Summary• Grand reprocess has been ﬁnished.
• Readout components of Belle II are tested in Belle.
• NP searches with bsℓ+ℓ– are recently published.
• Belle has observed several hints of the NP

to be revealed by Belle II.
• Signiﬁcant eﬀorts on Belle II upgrade are carried out.
• In a coming few weeks, we publish Belle II TDR.
• Belle II and LHCb would co‐reveal the nature of the NP.

BackupB+  τ+ντℓfull recon.
DhB

Y(4S)

B

τ

signal peakνννAs B  τν includes 2 or more neutrinos in decay,
opposite side B needs fully reconstructed.

bB+
uW+, H+τ+ντ

backgroundIf the decay is also mediated by H+,
as well as W+, the Br will deviate fromthe SM predic1on.

2.4σdevia7on

Constraint ontanβ and mH+
rela7on is imposed.

δ(Br) ~2% @50 ab–1

The “Big Two”
SU(5)+νREnergy fron7er

mSUGRA(non‐degenerate)

Direct detec7onof SUSY par7cles
Mass spectra are insuﬃcient
to ﬁgure out the SUSY model.
Similar mass spectra show up
across diﬀerent SUSY models.

Various analyses on B,τ,charmetc. decays enable to reveal
the SUSY model.

S(K*γ)

Measurements between
SUSY‐SUSY and/or SUSY‐SM
interac7ons

S(K*γ)

Luminosity fron7er

S(fK0)@ 50 ab−1

S(fK0)

OPE and Wilson Coeﬃcient•Eﬀec7ve Hamiltonian is expressed in termof Operator Product Expansion.

–––––––•••

O1,2: current current operator
O3‐6 : QCD penguin operator
O7: electro‐ magne1c operator
O8: chromo‐magne1c operator
O9 : semileptonic vector operator
O10 : semileptonic axial vector operator
Ci : Wilson coeﬃcient

Wilson coeﬃcient is a strength ofcorresponding short distance
operator.
Precise measurement of Wilsoncoeﬃcients is one of the goals for Bphysics.

For bsγ and bℓℓ case, only O7, O9
and O10 appear in the Hamiltonian.

New Physics may change
Wilson coeﬃcients.