APPLICATION INFORMATION
ADDITIVES FOR AMBIENT CURING POLYESTER RESINSTS-A 4

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Additives for ambient curing polyester resins

Contents
03 Ambient curing unsaturated polyester and vinylester resins
04 Air release additives
07 Wetting and dispersing additives
10 Styrene emission suppressants
13 Rheology control additives
20 Processing additive to prevent foaming in vinylester resins
22 Coupling agents
23 Summary of additive recommendations

03

Ambient curing unsaturated
polyester and vinylester resins
Unsaturated polyester resins are usually a solution of a polyester withreactive double bonds in an equally reactive monomer, usually styrene.
These resins mentioned in this brochure are cured at room or slightly
elevated temperature with the aid of a accelerator and a peroxide toform a thermoset material. Vinyl ester resins are chemically more like
epoxy resins, but in their present form they also have reactive double
bonds, are dissolved in styrene, and behave similarly to “true” UP resins
with respect to application and curing.
Unsaturated polyester resins and vinyl ester resins, due to goodcommercial availability and competitive cost, are used in a wide variety
of different processes for equally diverse applications, each of whichmust meet its own unique requirements, e.g. FRP boat hulls, various
types of pipes, buttons, putties, wind blades, drainage systems,
automotive and truck parts, sinks, etc.
This brochure summarizes our additive recommendation for thesesystems and applications.

Note
To ensure the best appearance
and full functionality, please
open in Adobe Acrobat.

For additional information
on additives and technical
topics, please contact us:
Thermosets.BYK@altana.com

04

Additives for ambient curing polyester resins

Air release additives

2. Smaller bubbles coalesce to form large bubbles
Bubble-stabilizing substances are displaced by the
air release additive. Smaller bubbles coalesce to form
larger bubbles, which rise to the surface faster becauseof their higher buoyancy (Stokes’ law).

BYK air release additives
Air bubbles
many

1. Displacing air from filler and reinforcement
materials
By reducing the interfacial tension between resinand filler/reinforcement materials, the trapped air isdisplaced into the resin.

3. Bubbles burst on the surface
Bubble-stabilizing substances are displaced,
and the bubbles burst.

Optimized dosage
BYK air release additives achieve excellent
deaeration even at small dosage levels.

none

Additives work in three steps

0

0.5

1
Additive (%)
G. 02

Air release additives work in three steps
Step 1

Step 2

Step 1

Step 3

Step 2

Step 3

G. 01

Additives for ambient curing polyester resins / Air release additives

Selection chart air release additives

Product recommendations
Product

Remarks

BYK-081is a very efficient defoamer with only slight hazinessand has food-contact approval. Recommended for vinylester resins.

BYK-A 500

is recommended for transparent systems.

BYK-A 501

is a universal air release additive with strong incompatibility.

BYK-A 505

is based on 100 % renewable raw materials.

BYK-A 515

shows good fiber wetting properties. Recommended for vinylester
resins.

BYK-A 550

is highly effective with minimal haziness.

BYK-A 555

shows the best air release effects and can be used in mostapplications.

BYK-A 560

provides excellent air release with excellent fiber wetting
properties.

Air release05

BYK-A 555

BYK-A 515

BYK-A 560
BYK-A 505

BYK-A 501

BYK-081*BYK-A 500

BYK-A 550

Compatibility
T. 01

Standard additive  

Renewable  

Improved fiber wetting  

Food contact applications*G. 03* For details on food contact use, please refer to the food contact sheet available on www.byk.com/en/service/regulatory-affairs/food-contact.

Deaeration of an unsaturated polyester
Without additive

With additive

G. 04

06

Additives for ambient curing polyester resins / Air release additives

Test method

Application areas

The test method shown in figure G.05 makes it possible tovisually evaluate air release speed in unsaturated polyester
resins.

Product

Pre-mix additive into promoted resin (Dosage: 0.1- 0.5 %based on resin). Add peroxide, agitate under high shear,
and whip in as much air as possible for 30 to 60 seconds.

BYK-A 500

Immediately after agi­tation, pour the resin on a surface.
Allow 30 seconds deaeration time, then cover with Mylar
film.

BYK-A 515

UP
resinsVinylester
resinsFiber wetting
properties

Gel
coats

Casting

Transparent
parts

BYK-081BYK-A 501
BYK-A 505

BYK-A 550
BYK-A 555

After casting is completely cured, visually evaluate the air
release additive effect.

BYK-A 560
Excellent  

Good

T. 02

Test principle to evaluate air release
Whip air into resin(high-speed disk)

Pour on substrate

Cover after 30 seconds

BYK-A 555
BYK-A 555 at 0.2 % in unsaturated polyester resin. Only fast air
release speed allows low void content in the final part.

without

with

G. 05

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Additives for ambient curing polyester resins

Wetting and dispersing additives
Low molecular weight, polymeric wetting anddispersing additives to reduce viscosity
The structure of the classic deflocculating additive has
spatially close pigment/filler affinic groups and a resin-likechain structure. Such additives are low molecular weight
polymers that adsorb onto the pigment/filler surface. This
reduces interactive forces between pigment/filler particles,
which, in turn, significantly reduces the viscosity of
the filled resin system (G. 06).

BYK-W 908, BYK-W 909*, BYK-W 969, BYK-W 985

Viscosity reduction and anti-settling: BYK-W 980, BYK-W 966

These additives are monofunctional molecules:

These additives are bifunctional molecules:

Filler-seeking group
Filler-seeking group
Resin-compatible segment
Resin-compatible segment

They adsorb onto the particle surface
and reduce interactive forces, which
lowers viscosity.

* Not available in EU

They adsorb onto the particle surface, reduce
interactive forces, and have some bridgebuilding properties. This both lowers viscosityand enhances anti-settling.

G. 06

G. 07

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Additives for ambient curing polyester resins / Wetting and dispersing additives

Low molecular weight, polymeric wetting anddispersing additives to reduce viscosity and settling
Wetting and dispersing additives, which function by sterichindrance, are characterized by two special structuralfeatures. First, such products contain more pigment/filler
affinic groups, i.e. anchor groups or adhesive groups, thattogether facilitate a strong, durable adsorption onto thepigment/filler surface. Second, such products contain resincompatible chains (hydrocarbon entities), which, after
adsorption of the additive onto the pigment/filler surface,
protrude as far as possible from the pigment/filler into
the surrounding resin solution.

Application example for wetting and dispering additives
Viscosity
Increasing the filler load while
maintaining the viscosity

Reduction of viscosity

This layer of adsorbed additive molecules with protruding
chains is referred to as steric hindrance or “entropic
stabilization” (G. 07).
The stabilization is further enhanced by the interaction of
the additives’ polymeric segments with the resin polymers
in such a way that the “envelope”, so to speak, aroundthe pigment/filler particles is enlarged. Through specificstructural elements composed of pigment/filler affinicgroups (polar) and resin-compatible chains (non-polar),these additives exhibit definitive surface-active properties.
In other words, they not only stabilize the pigment/filler
dispersion, but they also function as wetting additives thatlower the viscosity of the filled resin system (G. 08).

Filler loadReference  

Formulation including wetting and dispersing additive

G. 08

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Additives for ambient curing polyester resins / Wetting and dispersing additives

Wetting and dispersing additives to reduce settlingand improve color stability
The controlled flocculation state of fillers and pigments forms
three-dimensional wetting structures, which facilitate
thixotropic flow behavior within the system. The restingstate viscosity is rather high as a result of these structures.
However, when shear forces are applied, the structures(pigment/filler flocculates) break apart and reduce viscosity.
After the shear forces are removed, the flocculates canrebuild. Generally, such systems have a flow threshold.
Properties such as sagging and settling can be positively
influenced through the above-mentioned rheologicalbehavior. During processing and handling, the shear forces
maintain viscosity at a level low enough to ensure easy
processability. Then, in the resting state (such as after
application), the viscosity increases quickly and provides
excellent stability. The high resting state viscosity (in thiscase, during storage) greatly reduces pigment/filler particle
settling speed.

Anti-settling, better storage stability

An additional factor should be considered with respect tosettling. Often, a small, yet rather hard and compact layer
may build up and be resistant to reincorporation. However,in a controlled flocculation system, this does not occur
since additive molecules are always between the pigments/
fillers. The sedimentation (if it forms at all) is much lesscompact, has a larger volume, and is therefore easily
reincorporated. Controlled flocculation can also control
both flooding and floating because the different pigments
are bound together in the flocculates, and consequently
cannot separate from the mixture.

Without
additive

With
BYK-W 940

G. 09

Anti-settling and color stability BYK-W 940
These additives are multifunctional molecules:

Resin-compatible segment

Wetting and dispersing additives for:Application

They adsorb onto the particle surface tocreate a bridged network, thereby
preventing settling and color separation.

Filler-seeking group

Viscosity reduction

Viscosity reduction
and anti-settling

Anti-settling– reduced viscosity anddramatically increased
filler load

– reduced viscosity andincreased filler load
– improved storage stability(anti-settling)– improved storage stability(anti-settling)

BYK-W 966
BYK-W 980

BYK-W 940

Cont. laminating

BYK-W 985

Putty

BYK-W 969*

Spray-up, lay-up,
casting
Polymer concrete,solid surface
G. 10

BYK-W 985
BYK-W 908/BYK-W 909*** Not recommended for cobalt-promoted systems  ** Not available in EU

BYK-W 940
T. 03

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Additives for ambient curing polyester resins

Styrene emission suppressants
FRP fabrication methods utilizing open mold techniques –whether the resin is orthophthalic, isophthalic, DCPD-type,or vinylester  – are known to produce relatively high levelsof styrene monomer emissions. Paraffin wax has become
one of the most widely used film-forming suppressantsto minimize styrene emissions in open mold applications.
Although it suppresses emissions well in orthophthalic resins
and less effectively in isophthalics, it is ineffective in
vinylesters and DCPD resins.
Paraffin wax forms a closed film on the surface oforthophthalic and most isophthalic polyester resins. This
reduces styrene monomer emissions, but its pure wax

BYK-S 740*/BYK-S 740 N combines paraffin wax with a
specifically developed adhesion promoter, thereby ensuring
good styrene emission reduction with excellent interlaminaradhesion (G. 14).
BYK-S 740*/BYK-S 740 N is highly effective in reducing
emissions in orthophthalic resins and is also effective inisophthalic polyesters – though to a lesser degree anddepending on the resin polarity (G. 12).

Both paraffin wax and BYK-S 740 N are too soluble to forma surface film in vinylesters, most DCPD-type resins, and evensome isophthalics. BYK-S 750 N – developed specifically as astyrene suppressant for DCPD-type resins – forms very fine
wax crystals on the resin surface of such DCPD resins.
These carry an external polar component, which holds
them apart and allows resin from a secondary laminate topenetrate below the wax. The direct contact with theprimary laminate is what provides good interlaminaradhesion (G. 13).
BYK-S 750 N is also very effective in vinylester andisophthalic resins (G. 15).

BYK-S 740*/BYK-S 740 N

BYK-S 750 N/BYK-S 760

Top view

Straight paraffin wax

nature makes it act as a release film, which does not allow
good interlaminar adhesion (G. 11).

Cross section

Paraffin wax

Paraffin wax

ResinSpecial wax with polar components

Resin

G. 11
*Not available in EU

Adhesion promoter

Resin

G. 12

G. 13

11

Additives for ambient curing polyester resins / Styrene emission suppressants

BYK-S 740*/BYK-S 740 N for orthophthalic resins

Styrene emission (g/m2)

Interlaminar adhesion
200

With paraffin wax

With 1% BYK-S 740

150

100

50

0
0

10

Without additive  

20

30

40

50

60

80
G. 14

1 % BYK-S 740

Styrene emission (g/m2)

BYK-S 750 N for DCPD, vinylester, and isophthalic resins

180
160
140
120
100
80
40
20
0
DCPD resins
Without additive  *Not available in EU

1 % BYK-S 750 N

Isophthalic resins

Vinylester resins
G. 15

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Additives for ambient curing polyester resins / Styrene emission suppressants

BYK-S 760 is, in terms of performance, similar to BYK-S 750 N,
but fulfills food contact regulations. For the current foodcontact legal status, please contact our product safety
department or visit www.byk.com for further information.
Like BYK-S 750 N, the active substance carries a polar
component, which holds the wax crystals apart and allows
good laminar adhesion. In BYK-S 760, a new technology
is used to stabilize the polar component even at higher
temperatures, so that the additive can be melted at 40 °C
and processed in liquid form.

Styrene emission suppressantsApplication

BYK-S 740*/BYK-S 740 N

BYK-S 750 N

BYK-S 760

Orthophthalic resins

0.5–1.0 %–0.3–1.0 %DCPD-containing resins–

0.3–1.0 %0.3–1.0 %Isophthalic resins

0.5–1.0 %0.3–1.0 %0.3–1.0 %Vinylester resins–

0.3–1.0 %0.3–1.0 %Food contact applications**

not recommended

not recommended

0.3–1.0 %*Not available in EU** For details on food contact use, please refer to the food contact sheet available on www.byk.com/en/service/regulatory-affairs/food-contact.

Key benefit
BYK – LSE – additives can reduce
styrene emissions by more than 80 %.
These additives, though showing limited
effectiveness during the dynamic phase,are particularly effective during thestatic phase.

T. 04

13

Additives for ambient curing polyester resins

Rheology control additives
Why rheological additives?
Flow behavior is one of the most important technicalproperties of a gel coat or laminating resin system. To a great
extent, it determines the usability and user-friendliness of
the liquid system. The key factor in describing flow behavior
is viscosity. However, for most systems, viscosity is not a
constant. It depends on a variety of parameters. Besides
temperature dependence, the most important parameterfrom the application standpoint is the mechanical stress theliquid system is exposed to. Rheology is the interrelationshipbetween viscosity and shear forces, which can be very
complex.
The rheology of a liquid system isdetermined primarily by:
1. the resin (chemistry, molecular weight)
2. the type of thixotrope used
3. the solvent content
Consequently, special rheological additives are required for
optimum adjustment of rheological properties. In mostcases, these additives are used to improve sagging during
application; in some cases, they are used to prevent the
fumed silica or clay from settling during resin storage.
However, the rheological properties described above may
also negatively impact the deaeration and surface flowof the liquid system.

Typical shear ranges

StorageTransport

Production
Dispersion

Settling

Application
Spray

Brush, Roller
Sagging
Leveling
Mixing, Stirring, Pumping

0.0001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1,000

10,000100,000
Shear rate (s-1)
G. 16

14

Additives for ambient curing polyester resins / Rheology control additives

Rheology of ambient curing resins
A major factor, however, is the dependence of viscosity
on shear rate. For many FRP applications, a relatively large
shear range must be taken into account (G. 16). Rather
high shear forces (>1000 s-1) are used to produce thesesystems (dispersing, blending and filling) as well as during
application (rolling, brushing or spraying). However, shear
rates are relatively low (<1 s-1) during storage and in thephase between application and hardening.

Three-dimensional network structures of solid thixotropes
Fumed silica

Clay-based additive
-OH
-OH
-OH
-OH

A rheological characterization over the entire shear range
is best obtained by using rotation viscometers. In allmeasuring systems of this type, the liquid to be tested issheared between a stationary surface and a moving surface.

Solid thixotropes
Hydrophilic fumed silica and clay-based additives areused as solid thixotropes to control rheology in many UP
formulations. The solid thixotrope particles carry hydroxyl
groups on their surface, which, by hydrogen bonds, are able
to create three-dimensional network structures (G. 17).
As a result, formulations with solid thixotropes can exhibit
pseudoplastic and thixotropic flow behavior.

-OH

Hydrogen
bonds

G. 17

15

Additives for ambient curing polyester resins / Rheology control additives

GARAMITEGARAMITE-1985 and GARAMITE-1210 are solid thixotropes
based on the patented Mixed Mineral Technology (MMT).
These clay-based additives are organically modified in order
to meet the polarities of various unsaturated polyester
systems. Due to multiple particle morphologies (G. 18),
the powder disperses very easily into the resin with only
moderate shear force. GARAMITE additives form a network
via hydrogen bonds, which leads to a pseudoplastic flow
behavior (G. 19).

Typically, in UPR formulations GARAMITE additives arecompared to fumed silica additives on a 1:1 replacement.
At equal loading levels, the formulations containing
GARAMITE additives exhibit a higher low shear viscosityand a lower high shear viscosity. Therefore, a comparison
should be set around actual performance parameters suchas sag resistance and not based on existing fumed silica
rheology profiles.

Mixed mineral technology (MMT)GARAMITE-1958

G. 18

GARAMITE-1958 vs. fumed silica

Improved bulk density of GARAMITE-1958

Viscosity (mPa*s)

Fumed silica

GARAMITE-1958

Good sag resistance
GARAMITE

Easy wet out
Fumed silica

1

10

100
Shear rate (s-1)
G. 19

15 g in 150 ml flask each
G. 20

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Additives for ambient curing polyester resins / Rheology control additives

Incorporation of GARAMITE additives into
UPR systems
GARAMITE additives can be added directly to the resin orprocessed via a pregel, whereas for maximum performancethe pregel route should be preferred. Here, GARAMITE
additives should first be predispersed in monomer orsolvent. The following process is highly recommended toensure maximum performance of GARAMITE additives inall UP resins:
Direct addition:
GARAMITE should be added after the addition of air
release additives (e.g. BYK-A 555) at low shear forces to thelowest-viscosity component of the formula (e.g. monomer).
After a mixing period at moderate shear force, all the othercomponents of the formulation should be added.
Pregel:Add GARAMITE additives to the monomer phase. If
necessary, an air release additive can be added prior to
the GARAMITE additive. Typically, a standard mixer issufficient for mixing GARAMITE additives. No high shear
force is needed. For maximum efficiency, the concentrationof GARAMITE additive in the pregel should be above
8 % and not exceed 15 %. At these concentrations, theGARAMITE additive pregel will remain pumpable andpourable. The GARAMITE additive pregel may be added
to the formulation at any point in the manufacturing
process. In some instances, it is preferable to drop theresin into the GARAMITE additive pregel.

In both cases, do not add any dispersant, wetting agent,surfactant, or rheology booster prior to the addition andmixing of GARAMITE additives into the monomer or solvent.
The overall advantages of using GARAMITE compared toother solid thixotropes are:• only minimal shear is necessary for incorporation• standard production dissolver are sufficient forincorporation• reductions in processing time of 50 % or moreare common• high shear forces are not required• heat activation is not required• polar activation is not required• less dust is produced17

Additives for ambient curing polyester resins / Rheology control additives

RHEOBYK-R 605, the thixotropy booster
The rheological additive RHEOBYK-R 605 can best be
described as thixotropy booster. If RHEOBYK-R 605 is used in
combination with a solid thixotrope (hydrophilic fumed silica
or clay), the additive acts on the solid particles as a wetting
additive and as a dispersing additive, which flocculates in acontrolled manner. The additive has free OH groups, whichallow hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl groups.
Structures form with a distinctively closer mesh, and thethixotropy is increased as a result (G. 21).

Intensification of the network structure with RHEOBYK-R 605

RHEOBYK-R 605

Thixotropic agent

G. 21

18

Additives for ambient curing polyester resins / Rheology control additives

Where is RHEOBYK-R 605 used?

Laminating resin with fumed silica

It is also possible to replace some of the fumed silica or
clay with RHEOBYK-R 605 to minimize the silica’s effecton transparency while maintaining the thixotropy.
RHEOBYK-R 605 can also be used to reduce the content ofsolid thixotropes in the final formulation without losing
rheological performance, but while gaining production
speed and lower formulation costs.

14
12

4.0
3.5
3.0

10

2.5

8

2.0

6

1.5

4

1.0

2

0.5
0%

5%

10 %

20 %

0%

30 %

5%

10 %

20 %

30 %

Amount of RHEOBYK-R 605 based on fumed silica

Amount of RHEOBYK-R 605 based on fumed silica

G. 22

Laminating resin with GARAMITE-1958
4

Thix index

Viscosity (Pa∙s)

The effectiveness of RHEOBYK-R 605 is shown in
G. 22 and G. 23 in combination with fumed silica andGARAMITE-1958. Generally, RHEOBYK-R 605 can be usedin all types of ambient curing resin systems. In vinylester
resins, it is even possible to use hydrophilic fumed silica
when combined with RHEOBYK-R 605 (G. 24) and stillobtain optimal thixotropy effects.

16

Thix index

Viscosity (Pa∙s)

RHEOBYK-R 605 stabilizes and increases thixotropic flow
behavior of formulations containing fumed silica and clay.
It also facilitates incorporation of fumed silica into theresin system. This last aspect is particularly apparent inlaminating resins, as the shear forces normally available
here for incorporation are lower than in gel coats. In
combination with GARAMITE-1958, the thixotropy booster
RHEOBYK-R 605 is able to increase the viscosity and, in
addition, move the rheological profile of the system frompseudoplastic to thixotropic, which is beneficial in terms of
air release, flow, and leveling.

3

4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5

2

2.0
1.5

1

1.0
0.5

0
0%

5%

10 %

20 %

30 %

Amount of RHEOBYK-R 605 based on GARAMITE-1958

0%

5%

10 %

20 %

30 %

Amount of RHEOBYK-R 605 based on GARAMITE-1958
G. 23

19

Additives for ambient curing polyester resins / Rheology control additives

Vinylester gel coat
Thicknessin μm

Gel coat with hydrophilic
fumed silica

Gel coat with hydrophobic
fumed silica

Gel coat with hydrophilic
fumed silica and RHEOBYK-R 605

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

G. 24

20

Additives for ambient curing polyester resins

Processing additive to prevent foaming in vinylester resins
Vinylesters are used whenever high corrosion resistance isrequired; pipes and containers are thus typical applications.
Since the use of standard curing agents such as methyl ethyl
ketone peroxide (MEKP) is always difficult with vinylesters,other curing agents such as CHP, cumyl hydroperoxide,
have been used.

Foam generation in a vinylester resin system
Without additive

With BYK-P 9928

With BYK-P 9928, curing standard vinylesters withstandard curing agents such as MEKP is now possible (G. 25).
The vinylester’s structure has an impact on the cobalt
complex, and therefore on the activity of the cobalt
in the resin. BYK-P 9928 interferes with the interaction
between the cobalt and the resin, so that the cobalt is
less reactive.
BYK-P 9928 changes the activity of the cobalt accelerator
by changing the cobalt complex, which is indicated by acolor change. The additive therefore has a direct influenceon the curing process, so that gel time and peak exotherm
can be influenced. To check the influence on the curing,
we recommend starting with a dosage of 1 % on resin. If
there is an effect on foaming, the dosage can be reduced
until the effect disappears. At that point, the optimum
dosage has been determined. Curing, gel time, and peakhave to be checked and, if necessary, adjusted.

Curing agent: MEKP

G. 25

21

Additives for ambient curing polyester resins / Processing additive to prevent foaming in vinylester resins

BYK-P 9928 has been tested with respect to the chemical
resistance of thermosetting resins used in glass fiber
reinforced structures according to ASTM C581-03 (2008).
The additive has no negative effect on the resistancetowards pure water, hydrochloric acid (10 %), toluene,
isobutanol, or sodium chloride (saturated, 50 %) in thetest system.

Glass fiber reinforced laminate
Without additive

With BYK-P 9928

Preventing gas formation during curing leads to lessentrapped air in the laminate, so that higher resistances
are possible, especially in hot water boiling tests (G. 26).
In infusion systems, this effect ensures the success of
the infusion process.
BYK-P 9928 is not an air release agent. It has no influence
on mechanically incorporated air. Combining BYK-P 9928
with an air release additive creates a synergy effect (T. 04).

G. 26

BYK-P 9928 vs. air release additives
Effect on

BYK-P 9928

Air release additive, e.g. BYK-A 515

Mechanical air, e.g. during
production and/or application

No

Yes

Reaction air, e.g. oxygen
formation

Yes

No
T. 05

22

Additives for ambient curing polyester resins

Coupling agents
Coupling agents are used to improve the bonding of fibers
and fillers to the polymer matrix. Most coupling agents
therefore consist of two reactive groups, one bonding to thesurface of the fiber or filler, and the other bonding to thematrix during polymerization. This significantly improves anumber of properties.

The use of coupling agents, for example, results in higher
mechanical load capacities, an improvement in chemical
resistance, or an increase in UV stability.

Mode of action
Polymericresin-compatible group

Filler-active groups

Double bond

Bonding

Resin

Coupling agents for UP/VE

Silica sandFiller is usually only mechanically embedded in the resin. Under stress, filled parts break at the interface filler/resin. Coupling agents canstrengthen the interface between filler and resin by forming bonds, resulting in a remarkable improvement of mechanical properties.

G. 27

Product

Filler/fiber

BYK-C 8000

Sand, quartz, glass beads

BYK-C 8003

Glass fibers
T. 06

23

Additives for ambient curing polyester resins

Summary of additive recommendations
Additive recommendations for ambient curing polyester resins
Rheology

Styrene emission

BYK-P 9928

RHEOBYK-R 605
GARAMITE-1958
GARAMITE-1210

BYK-S 740*/BYK-S 740 N
BYK-S 760
BYK-S 750 N

Air releaseAnti-sedimentation Flow/leveling,of fumed silica
anti-cratering

Lay up/spray up

BYK-A 515
BYK-A 555
BYK-A 560
BYK-A 501

ANTI-TERRA-210

Filament winding

BYK-A 560
BYK-A 515

BYK-C 8003

Casting, polymer
concrete, solid surface

BYK-A 555
BYK-A 515

BYK-C 8000

BYK-P 9928

Transparent

BYK-081BYK-A 550
BYK-A 500

Continuous laminating

BYK-A 560
BYK-A 555

Infusion/RTM

BYK-A 560
BYK-A 515

BYK-C 8003
(glass fiber)

BYK-P 9928

Green resins

BYK-A 505First recommendation  

Mechanicalproperties

Prevention ofchemical foam in
vinylester resins

Application

Substrate wetting

Viscosity reduction

BYK-W 966

BYK-330
BYK-370
BYK-W 908
BYK-W 985
BYK-W 909*

BYK-330
BYK-378
BYK-361 N

Second recommendation  * Not available in EU

BYK-330

BYK-W 985
BYK-W 908

BYK-S 760
T. 07

10/2022
TS-A 4BYK-Chemie GmbH
Abelstraße 4546483 Wesel
GermanyTel +49 281 670-0
Fax +49 281 65735

ADD-MAX®, ADD-VANCE®, ANTI-TERRA®, AQUACER®, AQUAMAT®, AQUATIX®, BENTOLITE®, BYK®, BYK-AQUAGEL®, BYK®-DYNWET®, BYK-MAX®,
BYK®-SILCLEAN®, BYKANOL®, BYKCARE®, BYKETOL®, BYKJET®, BYKO2BLOCK®, BYKONITE®, BYKOPLAST®, BYKUMEN®, CARBOBYK®, CERACOL®,CERAFAK®, CERAFLOUR®, CERAMAT®, CERATIX®, CLAYTONE®, CLOISITE®, DISPERBYK®, DISPERPLAST®, FULACOLOR®, FULCAT®, GARAMITE®,GELWHITE®, HORDAMER®, LACTIMON®, LAPONITE®, MINERPOL®, NANOBYK®, OPTIBENT®, OPTIFLO®, OPTIGEL®, POLYAD®, PRIEX®, PURABYK®,
PURE THIX®, RECYCLOBLEND®, RECYCLOBYK®, RECYCLOSSORB®, RECYCLOSTAB®, RHEOBYK®, RHEOCIN®, RHEOTIX®, SCONA®, SILBYK®, TIXOGEL®
and VISCOBYK® are registered trademarks of the BYK group.

info@byk.com
www.byk.com

The information herein is based on our present knowledge and experience. The information merely describes the properties of our products but noguarantee of properties in the legal sense shall be implied. We recommend testing our products as to their suitability for your envisaged purpose prior touse. No warranties of any kind, either express or implied, including warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose, are made regarding
any products mentioned herein and data or information set forth, or that such products, data or information may be used without infringing intellectual
property rights of third parties. We reserve the right to make any changes according to technological progress or further developments.
This issue replaces all previous versions.