歴史地震第35号(2020) 225-228頁

䠷ሗ࿌䠹 㛵ᮾ኱㟈⅏䛸㙊಴䠉ᐑෆබᩥ᭩㤋ⶶ䛄㟈⅏෗┿ᖒ䛅䛻䜏䜛㙊಴ᚚ⏝㑰䜢୰ᚰ䛻䠉୕㔜┴❧⥲ྜ་⒪䝉䞁䝍䞊* ᮌୗ ᜤᏊThe Great Kanto Earthquake and Kamakura
䠉The Royal Family Villa in Kamakura From the Documents of The Imperial Household Archives䠉
Kyoko KINOSHITA
Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, 5450-132 Ohaza-Hinaga, Yokkaichi-city, Mie-ken, 510-8561 Japan
There are lots of important photographs about the damages of The Great Kanto Earthquake in the Imperial
Household Archives. Some of the photos show the damaged Royal family Villas in Kamakura escaped from a fire.
From the photos, we recognize the actual damages of the Royal Family Villas and how big the earthquake was.
Keywords: 1923 Kanto Earthquake, The Royal Family Villa㼲㻝㻚 䛿䛨䜑䛻኱ṇ 㻝㻞㻔㻝㻥㻞㻟㻕ᖺ 㻥 ᭶ 㻝 ᪥༗๓ 㻝㻝 ᫬ 㻡㻤 ศ䛻Ⓨ⏕䛧䛯㛵ᮾᆅ㟈䛷䛿䠈㟈※䛻㏆䛔⚄ዉᕝ┴䛾䜋䛸䜣䛹䛾ᆅᇦ䛷㟈ᗘ 㻢 ௨ୖ䜢ほ 䛧䛯䠊┴ᮾ໭㒊䛾㙊಴⏫
㻔⌧㙊಴ᕷ㻕䛷䛿㻘ᦂ䜜䛻䜘䜛⿕ᐖ䛾䜋䛛䠈ὠἼ䜔ⅆ⅏䛻䜘䜛⿕ᐖ䜒⏒኱䛷䛒䛳䛯㻚䛣䛖䛧䛯⿕ᐖ䛾඲ㇺ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿㻘䛄㙊಴㟈⅏ㄅ䛅䛻෗┿䛜ከᩘṧ䛥䜜㻘᫂䜙䛛䛻䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜㻘ᙜ᫬㻘ᐑෆ┬䛾ᡤ⟶䛷䛒䛳䛯㙊಴ᚚ⏝㑰䛾⿕ᐖ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾ヲ⣽䛿ṧ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔㻚ᮏሗ࿌䛷䛿㻘ᐑෆබᩥ᭩㤋ᡤⶶ䛄㟈⅏෗┿ᖒ 㻝䡚㻠䠋኱ṇ䞉᫛࿴䛅㻔㆑ู␒ྕ 㻠㻢㻤㻤㻜䡚㻠㻢㻤㻤㻟㻕䛻ṧ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛⿕⅏ᚋ䛾෗┿䜢୰ᚰ䛻㻘ᘓ≀⿕ᐖ䛾୍➃䜢᫂䜙䛛䛻䛧䛯䛔㻚ᅗ 㻝 ᅜᅵᆅ⌮㝔 㻞 ୓ 㻡 ༓ศ䛾 㻝 ᆅᙧᅗ㻔㙊಴㻕
Fig.1 Geographical Survey Institute
1/25000 topographic map (Kamakura)㼲㻞㻚 㙊಴⏫䛾⿕ᐖ㛵ᮾ኱㟈⅏ᙜ᪥㻘㙊಴⏫ෆ 㻠㻝㻤㻟 ᡞ䛾㻘▼㐀㻘ᅵ㐀㻘↢⎰㐀䜚䛾ᘓ≀䛾ከ䛟䛿⿕ᐖ䜢ཷ䛡㻘໭㒊䛷䛿ᒣᔂ䜜䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛯㻚ྛᐙᗞ䛷䛿᫨㣗䛾‽ഛ୰䛷䛒䛳䛯䛯䜑䛻ⅆ⅏䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧㻘ᾘⅆάື䜒䜎䜎䛺䜙䛼䛖䛱䛻㻘ṇ༗ 㻜 ᫬ 㻠㻜 ศ䛾వ㟈䛻䜘䜚ὠἼ䛜ᢲᐤ䛫䛯㻚ἢᓊ㒊䛷䛿㻘ಽቯ䛧䛯ᘓ≀䛸ே䚻䛻኱䛝䛺⿕ᐖ䜢䜒䛯䜙䛧㻘䛄㙊಴㟈⅏ㄅ䛅䛻䜘䜜䜀㻘඲₽ 㻝㻠㻡㻡 ᡞ㻘༙₽ 㻝㻡㻠㻥 ᡞ㻘඲↝ 㻠㻠㻟 ᡞ㻘ὶኻ㻝㻝㻟 ᡞ䛷䛒䛳䛯㻚㼲㻟㻚 㙊಴ᚚ⏝㑰䛾ἢ㠉᫂἞ኳⓚⓚዪ䛾ᐩ⨾ᐑ㻔䛾䛱䛾ᮅ㤶ᐑ㬀ᙪ⋤ድඔᏊෆぶ⋤㻕䛸Ὀᐑ㻔䛾䛱䛾ᮾஂ㑑ᐑ⫄Ꮚෆぶ⋤㻕䛿㑊ᐮ䛾䛯䜑ఱᗘ䛛㙊಴䜢ゼ䜜䛶䛔䛯㻚䛭䛾㒔ᗘ௚ே䛾ูⲮ䜢೉䜚ୖ䛢⁫ᅾሙᡤ䛸䛧䛶䛔䛯䛜㻘᫂἞㻟㻝㻔㻝㻤㻥㻤㻕ᖺ䛻୧ᐑ䛾㣴⫱୺௵䛛䜙ᐑෆ኱⮧䛻ୖ⏦䛥䜜㻘ᚚ⏝㑰䛾ᩚഛ䛜㐍䜑䜙䜜䜛䛣䛸䛸䛺䛳䛯㻚㙊಴ᚚ⏝㑰䛾ᘓタሙᡤ䛿㻘㙊಴೵㌴ሙ䜘䜚す໭䛾ᡪ䞄㇂䛸䛭䛾࿘㎶䜢㈙཰䛧䛯Ẹ᭷ᆅ䛸⚄ዉᕝ┴䜘䜚⛣⟶䛧䛯ᅵᆅ䛷㻘⌧ᅾ䛿㙊಴ᕷᙺᡤ䜔ᚚᡂᑠᏛᰯ䛜ᘓ䛱୪䜆ሙᡤ䛷䛒䜛㻚ᩜᆅ㠃✚ 㻡㻥㻜㻜㻜 ᖹ᪉䝯䞊䝖䝹䛾䛖䛱㻘㻝㻞㻜㻜 ᖹ᪉䝯䞊䝖䝹䛻ᚚẊ䛜ᘓタ䛥䜜㻘䛭䛾௚ 㻝㻜 ᡞ䛾㝃ᒓᒇ䛛䜙ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䛯㻚ᚚẊ䛿㻘㯞ᕸ➨஧ᚚᩱᆅ䛛䜙⛣⠏䛧䛯ᘓ≀䛻ቑ⠏䛧䛯࿴㢼ᘓ⠏䛷䛒䛳䛯㻚᫂἞ 㻟㻞㻔㻝㻤㻥㻥㻕ᖺ 㻥 ᭶䛻

* 䛈510-8561 ୕㔜┴ᅄ᪥ᕷᕷ኱Ꮠ᪥Ọ 5450-132㟁Ꮚ䝯䞊䝹: kyoko-kinoshita mie-gmc.jp- 225 -ⴠᡂ䛧㻘ෆ໶ᑅ䛛䜙୺Ẋᑅ䜈ᘬ䛝Ώ䛧䛜⾜䜟䜜䛯㻚㼲㻠㻚 㙊಴ᚚ⏝㑰䛾⿕ᐖ䛄㟈⅏෗┿ᖒ䛅䛻ṧ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛෗┿䛿 㻣 ᯛ䛷㻘 ᦆቯ䛧䛯ᘓ≀ 㻢 ᯛ㻔෗┿ 㻞㻘㻠㻘㻢㻘㻤㻘㻝㻜㻘㻝㻞㻕䛸ṇ㛛௜㏆䛾እᵓ 㻝ᯛ㻔෗┿ 㻝㻝㻕䛷䛒䜛㻚㟈⅏๓䛾ᘓ≀䛾ᵝᏊ䛿㻘ᐑෆබᩥ᭩㤋ⶶ䛄㟼ᒸᚚ⏝㑰㻘㙊಴ᚚ⏝㑰㻌 㻔෗┿ᖒ㻕䠋኱ṇ䞉᫛࿴䛅㻔㆑ู␒ྕ㻠㻢㻤㻠㻥㻕䛛䜙ᢤ⢋䛧㻘㟈⅏๓䛸ẚ㍑䛧䛯㻔෗┿ 㻝䡚㻝㻜㻕㻚෗┿ 㻝㻝㻘㻝㻞 䛿㻘ẚ㍑䛷䛝䜛㟈⅏๓䛾෗┿䛜䛺䛔䛯䜑㻘㟈⅏ᚋ䛾෗┿䛾䜏䛸䛧䛯㻚䛺䛚㻘䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾෗┿䛾䜻䝱䝥䝅䝵䞁䛿ཎ඾㏻䜚䛸䛧䛯䛜㻘ྡ⛠䜔እほ➼䛛䜙㟈⅏๓ᚋ㻘ྠ୍䛷䛒䜛䛸☜ㄆ䛧䛯㻚䜎䛯㻘ᅗ 㻞 䛿ᐑෆබᩥ᭩㤋ⶶ䛄㙊಴ᚚ⏝㑰⥲ᅗ䠋኱ṇ 㻝㻝 ᖺ䛅㻔㆑ู␒ྕ 㻥㻤㻝㻟㻣㻕䜢䝖䝺䞊䝇䛧㻘ྠ䛄⽥ᐖㄪᰝ෗┿ᖒ ᑠ⏣ཎᚚ⏝㑰㻘⟽᰿㞳ᐑ㻘⇕ᾏᚚ⏝㑰㻘㙊಴ᚚ⏝㑰㻘ᐑ䝜ୗᚚ⏝㑰㻔෗┿ᖒ㻕䠋኱ṇ䞉᫛࿴䛅㻔㆑ู␒ྕ 㻠㻢㻤㻤㻣㻕䜢ཧ⪃䛻㒊ᒇྡ䜢㏣グ䛧㻘᧜ᙳሙᡤ䜢䑵䡚䑹㻘᧜ᙳ᪉ྥ䜢▮༳䛷⾲グ䛧䛯㻚௨㝆䛷㻘䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾ᘓ≀䛻䛴䛔䛶ぢ䛶䛔䛝䛯䛔㻚஦ົᡤ㻔෗┿ 㻝㻘㻞㻕䛿㻘ᮌ䚻䛾ዟ䛾ᘓ≀䛜ಽቯ䛧㻘㻝 㝵㒊ศ䛜₽䜜㻘⎰䛜ᆅ㠃௜㏆䛻䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜☜ㄆ䛷䛝䜛㻚ㄪ⌮ᡤ㻔෗┿ 㻟㻘㻠㻕䛿㻘෗┿ 㻟 䛻䛒䜛஭ᡞ䛾ᕥᡭዟ䛾ᘓ≀䛜෗┿ 㻠 䛷䛿඲ቯ䛧䛯ᵝᏊ䛜㻘䛿䛳䛝䜚䛸☜ㄆ䛷䛝䜛㻚㌴ᐤ㻔෗┿ 㻡㻘㻢㻕䛿㻘ᰠⵌ䛾ᒇ᰿䛿㻘ᰕ䛜ᦆቯ䛧䛭䛾䜎䜎ᆅ㠃䛻ⴠ䛱㻘ᚋ᪉䛾⎰ⵌ䛾ᘓ≀䛿඲ቯ䛧㻘⎰䜒◚ᦆ䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚ᚚᗙᡤ㻔෗┿ 㻣㻘㻤㻕䛿㻘㻝 㝵㒊ศ䛜᏶඲䛻ᔂ䜜㻘ᒇ᰿䛜ⴠ䛱䛶䛔䜛㻚෗┿ 㻣 䛻䛿㻘ᚋ᪉䛻 㻞 㝵ᘓ䛶䛾ᘓ≀䛜☜ㄆ䛷䛝䜛䛜㻘෗┿ 㻤 䛷䛿㻘䛭䛾㒊ศ䜒᏶඲䛻ಽቯ䛧䛶䛔䜛ᵝᏊ䛜☜ㄆ䛷䛝䜛㻚ዪᐁ㒊ᒇ㻔෗┿ 㻥㻘㻝㻜㻕䛿㻘෗┿ 㻥 䛿඲ᬒ䜢෗䛧㻘෗┿㻝㻜 䛿ᔂ䜜䛯㒊ศ䛾ᣑ኱䛷䛒䜛䛯䜑㻘䛹䛾㒊ศ䛻⿕ᐖ䛜䛒䛳䛯䛾䛛䛿୙᫂䛰䛜㻘ᒇ᰿⎰䛿඲ቯ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜☜ㄆ䛷䛝䜛㻚ṇ㛛௜㏆እᵓᅵሠ㻔෗┿ 㻝㻝㻕䛷䛿㻘 ᅵሠ䛭䛾䜒䛾䛜ᔂ䜜䛶䛔䜛ᵝᏊ䛿䛺䛔䛜㻘ᅵሠ䛻䜂䜃๭䜜䛜☜ㄆ䛷䛝䜛㻚⮧ୗ᪼㝆ཱྀ㻔෗┿ 㻝㻞㻕䛿㻘㟈⅏๓䛾ᵝᏊ䛿୙᫂䛰䛜㻘ཎᙧ䜢␃䜑䛶䛚䜙䛪㻘⿕ᐖ䛾኱䛝䛥䛜❚䛘䜛㻚ᐑෆබᩥ᭩㤋ⶶ䛾䛄ᐑෆ┬⮫᫬⅏ᐖ஦ົ⣖せ኱ṇ୍஧䛅㻔㆑ู␒ྕ 㻤㻠㻠㻡㻟㻕䛻グ㍕䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛂㙊಴ᚚ⏝㑰䝝ᚚẊභⓒ୐༑ᆤ㻘඲ቯ䝉䝸㻚䛃䛸䛾グ㘓䜢⿬௜䛡㻘኱䛝䛺⿕ᐖ䛜䛒䛳䛯䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛㻚䛺䛚㻘⃭㟈䛻䜘䜚኱◚䛧䛯ᒣ㝵ᐑᐙู㑰⁫ᅾ୰䛻㈇യ䛧䛯㈡㝧ᐑድ䛿㻘㙊಴ᚚ⏝㑰䛾㌴ᐤ๓䛾ᗈሙ䛻タ䛡䜙䜜䛯ኳᖥ䛻୍᫬㑊㞴䛥䜜㻘䛭䛾ᚋ 㻥 ᭶ 㻝㻢 ᪥䛻ᖐி䛥䜜䛯㻚䛣䛾㑊㞴ᡤ䛻䛿㻘௜㏆䛛䜙䛾㑊㞴⪅䜒཰ᐜ䛥䜜䛯㻚䜎䛯㻘⸂ཤ䛥䜜䛯ᒣ㝵ᐑድ䛾㑇య䛿㈡㝧ᐑድ䛾ᖐி䛸ྠ᪥䛻ᮾி䛻ᦙ㏦䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㻚ᅗ 㻞 㙊಴ᚚ⏝㑰㓄⨨ᅗ㻔䛄㙊಴ᚚ⏝㑰⥲ᅗ䛅䛛䜙䝖䝺䞊䝇䛧䠈䛄⽥ᐖㄪᰝ෗┿ᖒ䛅䜢ཧ⪃䛻㒊ᒇྡ䜢㏣グ㻚㻌᧜ᙳሙᡤ䜢䑵䡚䑹㻘᧜ᙳ᪉ྥ䜢▮༳䛷⾲グ㻚㻕
Fig.2 The layout drawing of the royal family villa in Kamakura- 226 -෗┿ 㻝 ᚚẊ஦ົᡤ㝃㏆㻔㟈⅏๓㻕
Photo1 The Office (before the earthquake)෗┿ 㻞 ஦ົᡤ㻔㟈⅏ᚋ㻕
Photo2 The Office (after the earthquake)෗┿ 㻟 ⮧ୗㄪ⌮ᡤ㝃㏆㻔㟈⅏๓㻕
Photo3 The cooking place (before the earthquake)෗┿ 㻠 ㄪ⌮ᡤ㝃㏆㻔㟈⅏ᚋ㻕
Photo4 The cooking place (after the earthquake)෗┿ 㻡 ᚚẊᚚ㌴ᐤ㻔㟈⅏๓㻕
Photo5 The carriage (before the earthquake)෗┿ 㻢 ᚚ㌴ᐤ㻔㟈⅏ᚋ㻕
Photo6 The carriage (after the earthquake)෗┿ 㻣 ᚚᗙᡤ඼ᘨ㻔㟈⅏๓㻕
Photo7 The princess room (before the earthquake)෗┿ 㻤 ᚚᗙᡤ㻔㟈⅏ᚋ㻕Photo8 The princess room (after the earthquake)- 227 -෗┿ 㻥㻌 ዪᐁ㒊ᒇ㝃㏆㻔㟈⅏๓㻕㻌
Photo9 The woman officers’ room
(before the earthquake)㻌෗┿ 㻝㻜㻌 ዪᐁ㒊ᒇ㻔㟈⅏ᚋ㻕㻌
Photo10 The woman officers’ room
(after the earthquake)㻌㻌෗┿ 㻝㻞㻌 ⮧ୗ᪼㝆ཱྀ㻔㟈⅏ᚋ㻕㻌
Photo12 The subjects’ doorway(after the earthquake)㻌

෗┿ 㻝㻝㻌 ṇ㛛௜㏆እᵓᅵሠ㻔㟈⅏ᚋ㻕㻌
Photo11 The earthen wall near the main gate(after the earthquake)㻌

㻌㼲㻡㻚㟈⅏ᚋ䛾ᚚ⏝㑰㻌㟈⅏ᚋ㻘ᚚ⏝㑰䛭䛾䜒䛾䛿෌ᘓ䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛺䛟㻘኱ṇ㻝㻟㻔㻝㻥㻞㻠㻕ᖺ䛻䛿ᚚ⏝㑰⏝ᆅ䛾୍㒊䛜኱ṇኳⓚ䛾⏕ẕ䛷䛒䜛ᰗཎឡᏊ䛻ୗ㈷䛥䜜䛯㻚䜎䛯㻘᫛࿴ 㻢㻔㻝㻥㻟㻝㻕ᖺ䛻ᚚ⏝㑰ᗫṆ䛜Ỵᐃ䛩䜛䛸㻘ᛴ⃭䛺ேཱྀቑຍ䛻䜘䜚㻘ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵➼䛾ᘓタ䛻㏕䜙䜜䛶䛔䛯㙊಴⏫䛛䜙䛾㢪䛔ฟ䛻䜘䜚㻘⣙ 㻡㻜㻜㻜㻜 ᖹ᪉䝯䞊䝖䝹䛜ᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ㻘ᅗ᭩㤋ᘓタᩜᆅ䛸䛧䛶ᡶ䛔ୗ䛢䜙䜜䛯㻚㻌 㻌㻌㼲㻢㻚䛚䜟䜚䛻㻌㙊಴⏫ෆ䛾⏒኱䛺⿕ᐖ䛸ྠᵝ㻘ᚚ⏝㑰䛷䜒኱䛝䛺⿕ᐖ䛜䛒䛳䛯䛣䛸䛜☜ㄆ䛷䛝䛯㻚௒ᚋ䛿㻘ᚚ⏝㑰䛾ᘓ⠏ᵓ㐀䜢ㄪᰝ䛧㻘㙊಴⏫ෆ䛾ᘓ≀⿕ᐖ䛸ẚ㍑䛧䛺䛜䜙㻘⿕ᐖ䛾ලయⓗᵝ┦䜢☜ㄆ䛩䜛సᴗ䜢㐍䜑䛯䛔㻚㻌䜎䛯㻘௚䛾ᚚ⏝㑰䜔ⓚ᪘㑰䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒㻘ㄪᰝ䜢㐍䜑䛶䛔䛝䛯䛔㻚㻌ㅰ㎡㻌ᮏሗ࿌䛻䛒䛯䛳䛶䛿㻘ᐑෆබᩥ᭩㤋᭩㝠㒊⫋ဨ䛾᪉䚻䛻኱ኚ䛚ୡヰ䛻䛺䛳䛯㻚䜎䛯㻘㙊಴Ṕྐᩥ໬஺ὶ㤋䛾ᾉᕝᖿኵẶ㻘㙊಴ᕷ୰ኸᅗ᭩㤋䛾ᖹ⏣ᜨ⨾Ặ䛻䛿㻘㙊಴䛾⿕ᐖ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾䛤ᩍ♧䜢䛔䛯䛰䛔䛯㻚㻌䛣䛣䛻グ䛧㻘ឤㅰ⏦䛧ୖ䛢䜛㻚㻌ᑐ㇟ᆅ㟈䠖㻝㻥㻞㻟 ᖺ㛵ᮾᆅ㟈㻌ྐ㻌 ᩱ㻌䛄㟈⅏෗┿ᖒ 㻝䡚㻠䠋኱ṇ䞉᫛࿴䛅㻔㆑ู␒ྕ 㻠㻢㻤㻤㻜䡚㻠㻢㻤㻤㻟㻕㻚ᐑෆබᩥ᭩㤋㻌㙊಴⏫ᙺሙ㻘㻝㻥㻟㻜㻘㙊಴㟈⅏ㄅ㻘㻢㻞㻙㻢㻡㼜㼜㻌䛄㙊಴ᚚ⏝㑰ἢ㠉ㄅ䛅㻔㆑ู␒ྕ 㻝㻞㻤㻥㻢㻕㻚ᐑෆබᩥ᭩㤋㻌䛄㟼ᒸᚚ⏝㑰㻘㙊಴ᚚ⏝㑰㻌 㻔෗┿ᖒ㻕䠋኱ṇ䞉᫛࿴䛅㻔㆑ู␒ྕ 㻠㻢㻤㻠㻥㻕ᐑෆබᩥ᭩㤋㻌䛄㙊಴ᚚ⏝㑰⥲ᅗ䠋኱ṇ 㻝㻝 ᖺ䛅㻔㆑ู␒ྕ 㻥㻤㻝㻟㻣㻕㻚ᐑෆබᩥ᭩㤋㻌䛄⽥ᐖㄪᰝ෗┿ᖒ㻌 ᑠ⏣ཎᚚ⏝㑰㻘⟽᰿㞳ᐑ㻘⇕ᾏᚚ⏝㑰㻘㙊಴ᚚ⏝㑰㻘ᐑ䝜ୗᚚ⏝㑰㻔෗┿ᖒ㻕䠋኱ṇ䞉᫛࿴䛅㻔㆑ู␒ྕ 㻠㻢㻤㻤㻣㻕ᐑෆබᩥ᭩㤋㻌䛄ᐑෆ┬⮫᫬⅏ᐖ஦ົ⣖せ㻌 ኱ṇ୍஧䛅㻔㆑ู␒ྕ㻤㻠㻠㻡㻟㻕ᐑෆබᩥ᭩㤋㻌䛄㟈⅏㘓኱ṇ 㻝㻞䡚㻝㻟 ᖺ䛅㻔㆑ู␒ྕ 㻝㻞㻤㻠㻥㻕ᐑෆබᩥ᭩㤋㻌- 228 -