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(IGH %ND  7  /HMS )NTEGRATED !MPLIFIER n )NNOVATIVE !!6! VOLUME CONTROLAND TRIPLE PARALLEL PUSH PULL POWER -/3 &%4 ARRANGEMENT IN OUTPUT STAGE 0OWER
SUPPLY FEATURING MASSIVE HIGH EFFICIENCY TOROIDAL TRANSFORMER AND LARGE FILTERINGCAPACITORS PROVIDES AMPLE RESERVES FOR HIGH OUTPUT POWER )NSTRUMENTATIONAMPLIFIER PRINCIPLE IN POWER STAGE ENABLES FULLY BALANCED SIGNAL TRANSMISSION
#URRENT FEEDBACK DESIGN COMBINED WITH FURTHER IMPROVED -#3 TOPOLOGY
The successful and long-running E-400 series
from Accuphase has garnered high praise bothin Japan and abroad and is widely regarded as
the pivotal line of high-end integrated
amplifiers. The E-460 represents a modelchange from the popular E-450. It incorporates
the sophisticated technological know-how
gained by Accuphase over the years, andfeatures a further refined AAVA volume control.
It also marks a return to MOS-FET devices inclass A/B integrated amplifier from Accuphase.
Latest circuit topology and strictly selectedparts bring out the hidden potential in eachmusic source. Rediscover the joys of musicwith this high-class integrated amplifier.
AAVA is a revolutionary principle that redefines
the concept of volume control from the groundup. Unlike the digital approach involving A/Dand D/A processing, it operates purely in theanalog domain for high performance andultimate sound. Because the amplification andvolume control tasks are integrated in a single
electronic entity without any variable resistors,
performance and sonic purity do not deteriorate
over the years, providing excellent reliability.
The power amplifier section is built as anadvanced instrumentation amplifier, whichenables fully balanced signal transmission
throughout. Together with the further improved
MCS+ circuit topology and the highly
acclaimed current feedback principle, thismakes for even better electrical characteristics.
In the output stage, high-power MOS-FET
devices renowned for their great sound andutter reliability are arranged in a triple parallelpush-pull configuration per channel. MOSFETs have excellent frequency response andhigh input impedance which reduces the loadon the preceding driver stage. They also haveperfect thermal stability. The power supply
features a massive toroidal transformer andlarge filtering capacitors, sustaining the highquality power output rated at 260 watts x 2 into
4 ohms or 180 watts x 2 into 8 ohms.

MCS＋Circuit（ MultipleSumming ）■ Power amplifier unit with power MOS FETs in triple parallel
configuration delivers ample power: 180 watts/channel into
8 ohms or 260 watts/channel into 4 ohms.
■ Instrumentation amplifier principle in power amplifier
section allows fully balanced signal paths. Current
feedback design ensures outstanding high-range phasecharacteristics, together with further improved MCS+
topology.

Power MOS-FETs■ Massive high-efficiency toroidal transformer and large filtering capacitors(33,000 MF x 2) provide ample reserves.
■ Output phase selectable individually foreach input, with visual indication. When INV
LED is lit, output phase is inverted. WhenLED is out, phase is normal.
■ EXT PRE switch and power amplifier input
connectors allow independent use of power
amplifier section.
"EXT PRE" selector

Toroidal power transformer"PHASE" selector■ Two option board installation slots provide
further versatility. With AD-20 board, MC/MM switching on
E-460 front panel is possible.
■ Dedicated headphone amplifier optimized for sound quality.
■ Analog peak power meters for monitoring output levels.
■ Loudness compensator for enhanced bass at low listeninglevels.

MC/MM selector

Filtering capacitors■ Tone controls using active filters for optimum sound quality.
■ Two sets of large-size speaker terminals accept also Y lugs.
■ Logic-controlled relays assure high sound quality and long-termreliability.
■ Versatile array of inputs with two balanced inputs to shut out external
noise interference.
Large speaker terminals

Line input and output connectors and balanced input connectors

Biasstabilizer+ B1

REGULATOR

Q1+ INPUT

Q5

Q9Q 13Q7Q 11Q 15+ B2+–Q 17

Q 19Q 21

Q 23

Q 25

Q3NFB
NETWORKBias
stabilizer

NFB
NETWORKOUTPUT
Biasstabilizer

Biasstabilizer
NFB
NETWORK–+Q2
Q6Q 10

Q 14
Q 18

Q 20

Q 22

Q 24

– INPUT

Q 26

– B2

Q4

Q8

Q 12

Q 16
REGULATOR– B1Bias
stabilizer

Circuit diagram of E-460 power amplifier(one channel)■ Power amplifier assembly and output stage with triple
parallel push-pull power MOS-FETs directly mounted tolarge heat sink

AAVA (Accuphase Analog Vari-gain Amplifier) Volume Control
AAVA is a radically different volume control principle that eliminates all variable resistors from the signal path and provides top-notch performance and sound quality.
Because the music signal is not affected by changes in impedance, high signal-to-noise ratio and low distortion are maintained at any volume control setting.
■ Volume control resolution
AAVA adjusts the listening volume by means of 16 weighted V-I converter amplifiers which arecontrolled by current switches. The number of possible volume steps set by the combination of theseconverter amplifiers is 2 to the power of 16 = 65,536.
■ Input buffer amps use 5-MCS topology
One of the factors that have a bearing on possible noise in an AAVA arrangement is the input buffer
design. By connecting five high-performance amps in parallel, excellent S/N ratio is assured.
■ AAVA maintains high S/N ratio and uniform frequency response
Unlike with conventional volume controls, AAVA does not introduce a change in impedance at any
volume setting. Consequently, there is no deterioration of S/N ratio, and frequency response remains
totally uniform. The benefits are especially apparent at settings that correspond to normal listening
levels, because the tonal quality is not altered in any way.
■ No more left/right tracking differences or crosstalk
Because AAVA is an electronic circuit employing fixed-value resistors, there is virtually no left/righttracking error also at low volume levels. Since channels can be kept separate, crosstalk also does notpresent a problem.

■ AAVA means analog processing
The AAVA circuit converts the music signal from a voltage into a current, switches gain by means ofcurrent switches, and then reconverts the current into a voltage. The entire process is carried out in theanalog domain.
■ Same operation feel as a conventional high-quality volume control
The volume control knob position is detected by a dedicated CPU which in turn selects the current
switches for AAVA operation. Operating the knob therefore feels exactly the same as with aconventional control, and as before, operation via the remote commander is also possible.
■ Attenuator and balance control also implemented by AAVA
The functions of the attenuator and the left/right balance control are covered by the AAVA circuit aswell, eliminating the need for additional circuit stages. Keeping the configuration simple helps tomaintain high performance and sonic purity.
■ Display shows volume level as numeric value
The volume level (degree of attenuation) as set with AAVA is shown as a numeric indication in thecenter of the front panel. The indication ranges from MAX (0 dB) to MIN (lowest setting).

16 current switches(65,536 possible combinations)

AAVA operation principle
The music signal is converted into 16 types of weighted current byV-I (voltage - current) converting amplifiers [1/2, 1/22, ... 1/215, 1/216].
The 16 currents are turned on or off by 16 current switches, and thecombination of switch settings determines the overall volume. Theswitching operation is controlled by a CPU according to the positionof the volume control knob. The combined signal current forms avariable gain circuit that adjusts the volume. Finally, the combined
current is converted back into a voltage by an I-V (current - voltage)
converter.

AAVA configuration in E-460

1−
21−
22I-V Converter
Reconversion ofcurrent into voltage

1−
23＋

BUFFERINPUTOUTPUT

Current values
are added

5-MCS

Input music signal
1−215■ CPU assembly which controls AAVA and various other functions
1−216

#05

6OLUME"ALANCE!TTENUATOR

V- I Converter
Conversion into current with 16
weighting stages (1/2 - 1/2 16 )CPU detects position of volumeknob and operates current on/off
switches according to knob position
Volume knob is turnedand position is detected■AAVA volume control assemblywith higher integration densityof components and circuitry■ Supplied remote commander RC-200
Allows volume adjustment andinput source switching.

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