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Ỉ‽ୖ᪼ࡀ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡢண࡟ࡶᙺ❧ࡘ▱ぢࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓ㸬࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸ࣈ࣮࣮ࣝ࢝࣎ࣥ㸪ᾏⲡ⸴ሙ㸪ሷᛶ‵ᆅ㸪Ⅳ⣲㈓␃㸪┦ᑐⓗᾏỈ‽㸪ྠ఩యศᯒ* ἢᓊ⎔ቃ◊✲㡿ᇦ ἢᓊ⎔ቃ◊✲ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ ◊✲ᐁ** ἢᓊ⎔ቃ◊✲㡿ᇦ ἢᓊ⎔ቃ◊✲ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ ᐈဨ◊✲ဨ*** ໭ᾏ㐨኱Ꮫ Ỉ⏘⛉Ꮫ◊✲㝔 ᾏὒ⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫศ㔝 ᩍᤵ**** ἢᓊ⎔ቃ◊✲㡿ᇦ ἢᓊ⎔ቃ◊✲ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㛗
ࠛ239-0826 ⚄ዉᕝ┴ᶓ㡲㈡ᕷ㛗℩3-1-1ᅜ❧◊✲㛤Ⓨἲேᾏୖ࣭ ‴࣭⯟✵ᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ ‴✵ ᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ㟁ヰ㸸046-844-5046  Fax㸸046-844-1274  E-mail㸸watanabe-ke@pari.go.jp-3-

REPORT OF THE PORT AND
AIRPORT RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Vol.57, No.4 (Mar.2019)

Regulating factors of organic carbon accumulation rate in coastal vegetated habitats

Kenta WATANABE*
Tatsuki TOKORO**
Kazufumi TADA**
Shigeru MONTANI***
Tomohiro KUWAE****
Synopsis
Organic carbon (Corg) storage and the absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) are among
the valuable functions in vegetated coastal habitats (e.g., seagrass meadows, saltmarshes, andmangroves). The conservation and restoration of these habitats enhance atmospheric CO2 sinks,
which is considered as important measures for mitigating global climate change. Corg accumulation
into sediment is a key process contributing to the function of atmospheric CO2 absorption. An
increasing number of studies have examined the factors controlling the Corg stocks in vegetatedcoastal habitats. However, the regulating factors of Corg accumulation rate and its spatiotemporalvariations are poorly understood in these habitats. In this study, we examined the sediment profilesof geological and biogeochemical features in two coastal lagoons in eastern Hokkaido, aiming toinvestigate the regulating factors of Corg accumulation rate in vegetated coastal habitats. For
assessing the variation in the depositional environments, the historical change in the source of
sedimentary Corg was estimated by using isotopic and elemental signatures. Our geological andbiogeochemical approaches indicated that the Corg accumulation rate was regulated by thedepositional environment (relative sea-level, sediment supply, and calmness) and the habitat
relocation. The depositional environment and the habitat were affected by relative sea-level
fluctuations driven by seismic land-level change and climate change. In particular, relative sea-level
rise accelerated sediment accretion and increased Corg accumulation rate. Our findings help
planning the conservation and restoration of these habitats for enhancing their carbon storage
function.
Key Words: Blue carbon, Seagrass meadows, Saltmarshes, Carbon storage, Relative sea-level,
Isotopic analyses* Researcher, Coastal and Estuarine Environment Group, Coastal and Estuarine Environment Department** Member, Coastal and Estuarine Environment Group, Coastal and Estuarine Environment Department*** Professor, Faculty of Fisheries Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University**** Head of Coastal and Estuarine Environment Group, Coastal and Estuarine Environment Department
3-1-1, Nagase, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 239-0826, JapanPort and Airport Research Institute
Phone : +81-46-844-5046
Fax : +81-46-844-1274
E-mail : watanabe-ke@pari.go.jp-4-┠    ḟせ  ᪨ ························································································································

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ࡼࡿ྾཰※ࡢᣑ኱ࢆά⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᅜෆእ࡛άⓎ࡟㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Ⅳ⣲ࡢ㝸㞳࣭㈓␃ᶵ⬟ࡢホ౯ᡭἲ㛤Ⓨᐊ㸦Hiraishi et al., 2014; Kelleway et al., 2017; ᡤࡽ, 2015㸧ࡸᐊຠᯝ࢞ࢫ⃰ᗘࡣୖ࣓᪼࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢゎ᫂㸦ᇼ࣭᱓Ụ, 2017; Macreadie et al., 2017㸧ே㛫άື࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿ஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲㸦CO2㸧ࢆ୺࡜ࡍࡿ
ຠᯝ࢞ࢫࡢ᤼ฟ࡟ࡼࡾ኱Ẽ୰ࡢ࡞࡝ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨࡢᚲせᛶࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ⥆ࡅ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Ẽೃኚື࡟ᑐࡍࡿே㛫άືࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ᫂ⓑ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦IPCC, 2013㸧㸬ᑗ᮶ࡢẼೃኚືἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦࡀ኱Ẽ୰CO2ࢆ㝸㞳࣭㈓␃ࡍࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡜ࡋ

࡟ࡼࡿᵝࠎ࡞ศ㔝࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ⦆࿴ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪CO2ࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡚㸪኱Ẽ–Ỉ㛫CO2࢞ࢫ஺᥮㸪⏕≀య࡬ࡢⅣ⣲ᅛᐃ㸪㞴ศ࡜ࡋࡓᐊຠᯝ࢞ࢫࡢ኱Ẽ୰⃰ᗘୖ᪼ࡢᢚไࡀୡ⏺ⓗ࡟ゎᛶ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲ࡢ⏕ᡂ㸪ሁ✚≀୰࡬ࡢ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃ࡀ⪃࠼ႚ⥭ࡢㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬2015ᖺ࡟㛤ദࡉࢀࡓUNFCCC

ࡽࢀࡿ㸦ᇼ࣭᱓Ụ, 2017; Kuwae et al., 2016; Ώ㎶࣭᱓Ụ,㸦Ẽೃኚືᯟ⤌᮲⣙㸧ࡢ➨21ᅇ⥾⣙ᅜ఍㆟㸦COP21㸧࡛

2013; Watanabe and Kuwae, 2015a㸧㸬≉࡟ሁ✚≀୰࡬ࡢ᭷ᶵ

ࡣி㒔㆟ᐃ᭩࡟⥆ࡃ㸪2020ᖺ௨㝆ࡢẼೃኚືᑐ⟇ࡢᯟ⤌Ⅳ⣲㈓␃ࡣἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦࡢⅣ⣲㝸㞳ᶵ⬟ࡢ୺せ࡞㐣⛬࡜ㄆࡳ࡜࡞ࡿࠕࣃࣜ༠ᐃࠖࡀ⥾⤖ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࣃࣜ༠ᐃ࡛ࡣࠕẼ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࡣእὒᇦࡢࡑࢀࡼ

ୖ᪼ࢆ2.0°Cᮍ‶࡟ᢚ࠼㸪1.5°C┠ᶆ࡬ࡢດຊࢆ⾜࠺ࠖ࡜ࡾࡶᅽಽⓗ࡟኱ࡁ࠸㸦Nellemann et al., 2009㸧㸬ἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦ࠸࠺㔝ᚰⓗ࡞┠ᶆࡀᥖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪඲ୡ⏺ⓗ࡟Ẽೃኚࡢ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㔞㸦ࢫࢺࢵࢡ㸧ࢆつᐃࡍࡿせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ືᑐ⟇ࡢᐇ⾜ࡀ࠸ࡗࡑ࠺ồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᅵ◁ࡢᛶ㉁㸦Kelleway et al., 2016a; Miyajima et al., 2017;Ẽೃኚືࡢ⦆࿴⟇࡜ࡋ࡚㝣ୖ⏕ែ⣔࡛࠶ࡿ᳃ᯘ➼㸦࠸

Serrano et al., 2016a㸧㸪᳜⏕࣭ᵓᡂ✀㸦Kelleway et al., 2016b;

ࢃࡺࡿࢢ࣮࣮ࣜࣥ࢝࣎ࣥ㸧ࡢ྾཰※ᣑ኱ࡀ᭷ຠ࡞ᨻ⟇࡜

Lavery et al., 2013㸧㸪᳜⏕ᇦࡢつᶍ㸦Miyajima et al., 2017;ࡋ࡚㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㏆ᖺ㸪ᾏⲡ⸴ሙࡸሷᛶ‵ᆅ㸪࣐ࣥ

Oreska et al., 2017㸧㸪≀⌮ⓗ᧠஘㸦Macreadie et al., 2013,ࢢ࣮ࣟࣈ࡞࡝ࡢἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦࡀ᭷ࡍࡿⅣ⣲ࡢ㝸㞳࣭㈓␃ᶵ

2015㸧࡞࡝ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㈓␃ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿⅣ⣲ࡀேⅭ⬟ࡀ᭷⏝࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾ

ⓗ࡞⎔ቃኚ໬ࡸẼೃኚື࡞࡝ࡢᙳ㡪࡛CO2࡟ᅇᖐࡋ࡚ࡋ

㸦Nellemann et al., 2009㸧㸪ἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦࡢ㐀ᡂ࣭෌⏕࣭ಖ඲ࡲ࠺࡜ἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦࡣ᤼ฟ※࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᙳ

ࡀ྾཰※ᑐ⟇ࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚ὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⏕㡪ࡢ࣏ࢸࣥࢩࣕࣝࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㔞㸦ࢫែ⣔࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᤕᤊࡉࢀࡿⅣ⣲ࡣࣈ࣮࣮ࣝ࢝࣎ࣥ࡜࿧ࡤࢀ

ࢺࢵࢡ㸧ࢆ㸦Nellemann et al., 2009㸧㸪ࡇࡇ10ᖺ㛫࡯࡝࡛┒ࢇ࡟◊✲ࡀ྾཰※ᑐ⟇࡜ࡋ࡚ἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦࡢᶵ⬟ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Duarte et al., 2013; ᇼ࣭᱓Ụ, 2017; Macreadie᫬㛫࠶ࡓࡾࡢ㈓␃㔞࡛࠶ࡿ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘ㸦ࣇ࣮ࣟ㸧

et al., 2017; McLeod et al., 2011㸧㸬ࢆᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ᐃࡍࡿࡢࡀ┤᥋ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘ㸦ࣇࣟἲⓗᣊ᮰ຊࢆᣢࡘࣃࣜ༠ᐃ࡛ࡣ㸪ྛᅜࡀ᤼ฟ๐ῶ࡟㛵࣮㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪᳜⏕ࡢ᭷↓㸦Marbà et al., 2015㸧㸪᳜⏕ᇦࡋ࡚⣙᮰ⲡ᱌㸦Nationally Determined Contributions㸹NDC㸧

ࡢኚ໬㸦Kelleway et al., 2016b㸧㸪⏕≀⏕⏘㸦Serrano et al.,ࢆᥦฟࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ┦஫࡟᳨ドࡋྜ࠺௙⤌ࡳࢆᇶᮏ࡜ࡋ࡚

2016b㸧
㸪ᾏỈ‽ୖ᪼㸦Carnero-Bravo et al., 2018; Hill and࠸ࡿ㸬COP21࡟࡚ᥦฟࡉࢀࡓNDCࡢ୰࡛㸪ࣈ࣮࣮ࣝ࢝࣎

Anisfeld, 2015; Jones et al., 2017㸧࡞࡝࡟╔┠ࡋࡓ◊✲౛ࡀࣥ࡟ࡼࡿẼೃኚືࡢ⦆࿴࡟ゝཬࡋࡓᅜࡣ28࢝ᅜ࡟ࡶཬࢇ

࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሁ✚⎔ቃ㸪᳜⏕㸪ᆅᙧࡔ㸦Herr and Landis, 2016㸧㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢᅜ࡟ࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡸ୰

࡟࠾࠸࡚᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺▱ぢࡣᅜ㸪࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔࡞࡝ࡢ኱ᅜࡶྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬᪥ᮏ࡟㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࡢつᐃせᅉࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟

࠾࠸࡚ࡣඛࡢNDC࡟࠾࠸࡚ࣈ࣮࣮ࣝ࢝࣎ࣥ࡬ࡢゝཬࡣ࡞ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪྾཰※ᑐ⟇࡜ࡋ࡚ἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦࡢ㐀ᡂ࣭෌⏕࣭࠿ࡗࡓࡀ㸪྾཰※ᑐ⟇࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㆟ㄽࡀ㛤ጞࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ಖ඲ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ㝿࡟㸪྾཰ຠ⋡ࢆࡼࡾ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢィ‴ᇦࡣከᵝ࡞CO2ࡢ᤼ฟ※ࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠾ࡾ㸪 ‴⾜ᨻ࡟⏬࣭タィࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓

࠾࠸࡚ࡶẼೃኚືᑐ⟇࡬ࡢ㈐௵࠶ࡿᑐᛂࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸

␃࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ⏕≀࣭≀⌮࣭໬Ꮫⓗ࡞ㅖ㐣⛬ࡣ᫬㛫ࢫࡿ㸬2018ᖺ࡟ᨵṇࡉࢀࡓ㺀 ‴ࡢ᪋タࡢᢏ⾡ୖࡢᇶ‽࣭ྠࢣ࣮ࣝ㸦ᩘᖺ㹼ᩘ༓ᖺ㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ኚ໬ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪」ᩘࡢ

ゎㄝ㺁࡛ࡣ㸪 ‴᪋タࡢタィ࡟ಀࡿ⎔ቃ➼࡬ࡢ㓄៖࡜ࡋ࡚㸪᫬㛫ࢫࢣ࣮࡛ࣝ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࡢつᐃせᅉࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡇ

྾཰※㸦ἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦ㸧ࢆ฼ά⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᥎ዡࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㛗ᮇⓗ࡞᫬㛫ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢゎᯒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ2030ᖺࢆぢᤣ࠼ࡓ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞⎔ቃኚ໬㸦ᾏỈ‽ୖ᪼➼㸧࡟ࡼࡿ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃

‴ࡢ୰㛗ᮇィ⏬ࠕPORT 2030ࠖ

㏿ᗘ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ▱ぢࢆᚓࡽࢀࡿ㸬࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪࣮࢝࣎ࣥࣇ࣮࣏࣮ࣜࢺࡢᐇ⌧࡟ྥࡅ࡚ἢᓊ

ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃

᳜⏕ᇦࡢ㐀ᡂ➼ࡢ྾཰※ᑐ⟇ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᐉゝࡉࢀ࡚㏿ᗘࢆつᐃࡍࡿせᅉࢆᢳฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓ㸬ሁ✚࠸ࡿ㸬⎔ቃࡸ᳜⏕ࡢኚ໬࡜᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࡢ㛵ಀࢆᩘ༑ᖺ࠿

ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟Ẽೃኚືࡢ⦆࿴⟇࡜ࡋ࡚ࣈ࣮࣮ࣝ࢝࣎ࣥ࡟

-7-Ώ㎶ ㅬኴ࣭ᡤ ❧ᶞ࣭⏣ከ ୍ྐ࣭㛛㇂ ⱱ࣭᱓Ụ ᮅẚ࿅࡚㸪ሁ✚≀ࢥ࢔ࡢྛᒙཌࢆ⿵ṇࡋࡓ㸬ࡽᩘ༓ᖺࢫࢣ࣮࡛ࣝㄪ࡭ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪⌧ሙ࡛᥇ྲྀࡋࡓሁ✚≀ࢥ࢔ࢆᆅ㉁Ꮫ࣭⏕≀ᆅ⌫໬Ꮫⓗ࡟ศᯒ࣭ゎᯒࡋࡓ㸬ሁ

ྛᆅⅬ 3 ᮏࡢ⾲ᒙሁ✚≀ࢥ࢔㸦ࢥ࢔㛗 20 cm ⛬ᗘ㸧ࢆ✚ᖺ௦᥎ᐃ࡜ྠ఩యࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㉳※ู᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘ᥎

࢔ࢡࣜࣝ〇ࣆࢫࢺࣥࢥ࢔ࣛ㸫࡛᥇ྲྀࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࢥ

ᐃἲࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪⎔ቃࡢ᫬✵㛫ኚ໬ࢆヲ⣽࡟࢔ࡢ⾲ᒙ 2 mm ᒙࢆ⌧ᆅ࡛ศྲྀࡋ㸪ᚋ㏙ࡍࡿᨺᑕᛶⅣ⣲ゎᯒࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࢆ㧗ࡵྠ఩య㸦14C㸧ࡢࣜࢨ࣮ࣂ࣮ຠᯝࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟⏝࠸ࡓ㸬ࡿ⎔ቃ᮲௳ࢆ࡜ࡾࡲ࡜ࡵࡓ㸬ศྲྀࡋࡓヨᩱࡣ࣏࢚ࣜࢳࣞࣥࣂࢵࢢ࡛í20°C ࡛෭෾ಖᏑ
ࡋࡓ㸬⌧ᆅㄪᰝཬࡧศᯒ᪉ἲ

 ヨᩱࡢฎ⌮࣭ศᯒ ㄪᰝỈᇦ࡜ヨᩱ᥇㞟ࣟࣥࢢࢥ࢔ࢆᐇ㦂ᐊ࡬㍺㏦ᚋ㸪㠀◚ቯ࡛ᖏ☢㖔≀ྵ᭷㔞ࡢ㖄┤ศᕸࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪࣐ࣝࢳࢭࣥࢧ࣮ࢥ࢔ࣟ

⌧ᆅㄪᰝࡣ໭ᾏ㐨ᮾ㒊࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿ㢼ⶈ†࡜ⅆᩓᕸ἟࡛ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸧㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ₲†ࡣளᐮᖏ࡟ᒓࡍࡿ༙㛢㙐࣮࢞㸦MSCL-S㸪GeoTek♫〇㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚☢໬⋡ࢆᐃࡋࡓ㸬ᛶỈᇦ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬†ෆࡢሁ✚≀ࡣࢣ࢖㓟ሷ㖔≀ཬࡧ࢔࣑ࣝ

ࢥ࢔ࡣ1 cmẖ㸦Ἶ῝0–1 m༊㛫㸧㸪ࡶࡋࡃࡣ2 cmẖ㸦Ἶ῝ࣀࢣ࢖㓟ሷ㖔≀ࡀ୺య࡛࠶ࡿ㸬࠸ࡎࢀࡢ₲†ࡶ㸪†ෆࡣ

1–2 m༊㛫㸧࡟ᒙษࡾࡋࡓ㸬ᒙษࡾࡋࡓྛヨᩱࡣศᯒࡲ࡛

₻ộࢳࣕࢿࣝࢆ㝖࠸࡚࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡀᾏⲡ⸴ሙ࡟そࢃࢀ࡚࠾

í20°C࡛෭෾ಖᏑࡋࡓ㸬ሁ✚≀ࡢ⢏ᗘ⤌ᡂࢆ࣮ࣞࢨᅇᢡ/ᩓ஘ᘧ⢏Ꮚᚄศᕸࡾ㸪†␁ࡣሷᛶ‵ᆅ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦෗┿㸧㸬⿦⨨㸦LA-960㸪ᇼሙ〇సᡤ♫〇㸧࡛㢼ⶈ†ࡣࡑࡢዟ㒊࠿ࡽ୺せ࡞ 3 Ἑᕝ㸦㢼ⶈᕝ㸪▮⮻ู

ᐃࡋࡓ㸬

ᐃ

ᐃ⤖ᯝ

ᕝ㸪࣏ࣥ▮⮻ูᕝ㸧ࡀὶධࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪†ෆࡣỶỈ㸦ሷศ㸪ࡣ㸪♟ཬࡧ⢒⢏◁㸦>500 µm㸧㸪୰⢏◁ཬࡧ⣽⢏◁㸦63–500

1–30㸹Tokoro et al., 2014㸧࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸧㸬ᾏഃࡣµm㸧㸪ࢩࣝࢺཬࡧ⢓ᅵ㸦<63 µm㸧࡟ศ㢮ࡋࡓ㸬࣮࢜࣍ࢶࢡᾏ࡟᥋⥆ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᾏỈࡢ஺᥮ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬†ෆ໬Ꮫศᯒࡢ๓ฎ⌮࡜ࡋ࡚ྛᒙࡢሁ✚≀ヨᩱࢆࢻࣛ࢖࢜

ࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡣỈ῝ 1 m ௨ὸ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪†㠃✚ࡢ 70%⛬ᗘࢆ࣮ࣈࣥࢆ⏝࠸࡚60°C࡛24᫬㛫௨ୖ஝⇱ࡉࡏࡓ㸬஝⇱ࡢ๓

࢔࣐ࣔ㸦Zostera marina㸧ࡀ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Tokoro et al., 2014;ᚋ࡛‵㔜㔞ཬࡧ஝㔜㔞ࢆ

Watanabe and Kuwae, 2015a㸧
㸬3 ࡘࡢሁ✚≀ࢥ࢔᥇ྲྀᆅⅬ⇱ࡉࡏࡓヨᩱࡣᆒ㉁࡟⢊○ࡋࡓᚋ㸪ྠ఩యศᯒ㸪ඖ⣲ศ

㸦F8㸪F41㸪F25㸧ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ࢔࣐ࣔሙࡢෆഃ࡟఩⨨ࡋ࡚ᯒ㸪ሁ✚ᖺ௦᥎ᐃ㸪஝⇱࠿ࡉᐦᗘ㸦DBD㸧ࡢ࠸ࡿ㸬F8 ࡣ†ዟ㸪F41 ࡣἙཱྀ௜㏆㸪F25 ࡣ†ཱྀ௜㏆࡟఩ࡓ㸬ᐃࡋ㸪ྵỈ⋡ࢆ

ᐃࡋࡓ㸬஝
ᐃ࡟⏝࠸

᭷ᶵⅣ⣲ྵ᭷㔞㸦Corg㸪%㸧㸪඲❅⣲ྵ᭷㔞㸦TN㸪%㸧㸪

⨨ࡍࡿ㸦ᅗ㸧㸬

Ⅳ⣲Ᏻᐃྠ఩యẚ㸦į13C㸪‰㸧ࡢⅆᩓᕸ἟ࡣỈ㊰ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ኴᖹὒ࡟᥋⥆ࡍࡿ₲†࡛㸪㢼ᐃࡢ๓ฎ⌮࡜ࡋ࡚㸪஝ⶈ†࡟ẚ࡭࡚Ἑᕝὶධ㔞ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡟ẚ㍑ⓗ㧗ሷศ⇱ࡉࡏࡓሁ✚≀ヨᩱ࡟1 N HCl⁐ᾮࢆ⁲ୗࡋ㸪↓ᶵⅣ⣲ࢆ㸦ሷศ㸪27.5–34.1㸹Komorita et al., 2014㸧࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸧㸬㝖ཤࡋࡓᚋ㸪60°C࡛෌ᗘ஝⇱ࡉࡏࡓ㸬ሁ✚≀ヨᩱࡢCorg㸪ⅆᩓᕸ἟ࡣỈᇦࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡀỈ῝ 0.7 m ⛬ᗘ࡜ὸࡃ㸪ࢥTN㸪 į13Cࢆ ඖ ⣲ศᯒィ –ྠ఩య ㉁㔞ศᯒィ 㸦Flash EA

࢔࣐ࣔ㸦Z. japonica㸧ࡸ࢔࣐ࣔࡀ⩌⏕ࡍࡿ㸬3 ࡘࡢሁ✚≀1112/Conflo III/DELTA Plus Advantage 㸪 ThermoFisherࢥ࢔᥇ྲྀᆅⅬ㸦H15㸪H7㸪H12㸧ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶᾏⲡ⸴ሙࡢ

Scientific♫ 〇 㸧࡟ࡼ ࡾྠ᫬ෆഃ࡟タᐃࡋࡓ㸬H15 ࡜ H7 ࡣ†ዟ㸪H12 ࡣ₻ộࢳࣕࢿ

㸦PeeDee Belemnite㸧࡟ᑐࡍࡿྠ఩యẚࡢ༓ศ⋡೫ᕪ㸦‰㸧ࣝ௜㏆࡟఩⨨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࡛⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᐃࡋࡓ 㸬 į13Cࡣᶆ ‽≀㉁ᐃࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢศᯒ⢭ᗘࡣ」ᩘࡢ࣮࣡࢟

2012 ᖺ 10 ᭶࡟㸪㢼ⶈ†ཬࡧⅆᩓᕸ἟ࡢᾏⲡ⸴ሙ࠿ࡽ

ࣥࢢࢫࢱࣥࢲ࣮ࢻ㸦L-Histidine㸪į13C-3'% íÅ㸪᫛ྜィ 6 ᮏࡢࣟࣥࢢࢥ࢔㸦ࢥ࢔㛗 2 m㸧ࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓ㸦෗┿

ග㏻ၟ♫〇㸹L-Alanine㸪į13C-93'% íÅ㸪᫛ගࢧ࢖㸧㸬ἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦ࡛ࡢᖹᆒⓗ࡞ሁ✚㏿ᗘࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿ࡜㸪2࢚ࣥࢫ♫〇㸧ࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋศᯒ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪±0.2‰௨ୗ࡜ィ⟬ࡉm ࡢࢥ࢔࡛ᩘ༓ᖺ㛫ࡢሁ✚グ㘓ࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡿࡓ

ࢀࡓ㸬ࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬᥇ྲྀࡣሷ໬ࣅࢽࣝ〇ࣃ࢖ࣉࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓᡴᧁᘧ
ࢥ࢔ࣛ㸫㸦Adachi et al., 2010㸧ࡶࡋࡃࡣࣆࢫࢺࣥࢥ࢔ࣛ

 ሁ✚ᖺ௦᥎ᐃ

㸫ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㸬᥇ྲྀࡋࡓࣟࣥࢢࢥ࢔ࡣ⌧ᆅ࡛୧➃࡟ᑒࢆࡋ㸪ᅵ◁ሁ✚㏿ᗘ㸦sediment accretion rate㸹SAR㸧ࢆ㸪ᩘ༑ᐇ㦂ᐊ࡟㍺㏦ࡋࡓ㸬ሁ✚≀ࢥ࢔ࡢᅽᐦ㸦ࢥ࢔㛗ࡢῶᑡ⋡㸧ᖺࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡣᨺᑕᛶ㖄ྠ఩య㸦210Pb㸧ࡢ㖄┤ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖

ࡣᴫࡡ 20%௨ୗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪F8㸪F41㸪F25 ࡢἾ῝ 0–1 mࣝ㸪ᩘ༓ᖺࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡣ14C࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᥎ᐃࡋࡓ㸬஝⇱ࡉࡏࡓ༊㛫࡛ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 21%㸪23%㸪31%㸪H15 ࡢἾ῝ 1–2 m ༊ሁ✚≀ヨᩱࡢ210Pb⃰ᗘࢆ㧗⣧ᗘࢤ࣐ࣝࢽ࣒༙࢘ᑟయࡢ஭

㛫࡛ 22%࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ヨᩱ᥇ྲྀ㐣⛬࡛ࡢᅽᐦࢆ⪃៖ࡋᡞᆺ᳨ฟჾࢆഛ࠼ࡓ࣐࢞ࣥ⥺ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ࣓࣮ࣟࢱ࣮

-8-ἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࡢつᐃせᅉᅗ 㢼ⶈ†ཬࡧⅆᩓᕸ἟ࡢ఩⨨࡜ሁ✚≀ࢥ࢔ࡢ᥇ྲྀᆅⅬ㸬㸦GCW3523㸪Canberra♫〇㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚

210

Pb㸦210Pbsup㸧࡜༊ูࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬210Pbsupࢆ210Pb

ᐃࡋࡓ㸬ศᯒ࡟

࠾ࡅࡿࣂࢵࢡࢢࣛ࢘ࣥࢻࣀ࢖ࢬࢆᢚ࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㖄〇ࡢࢳ⃰ᗘࡀῶ⾶ࡋࡁࡗ୍࡚ᐃ⃰ᗘ࡟࡞ࡿᒙࡢᖹᆒ⃰ᗘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐃࡋࡓ㸬 Pb

᥎ᐃࡋࡓ㸬210Pbexࢆྛᒙࡢ210Pb⃰ᗘ࠿ࡽ210Pbsupࢆᕪࡋᘬ࠸

⃰ᗘࡣ46.5 keVࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ఩⨨ࡢ࣐࢞ࣥ⥺᳨ฟࢆ24᫬㛫௨ࡓ್࡜ࡋ࡚⟬ฟࡋࡓ㸬ྛᒙࡢሁ✚ᖺ௦ࢆ210Pbex࢖ࣥ࣋ࣥࢺ

ࣕࣥࣂ࣮㸦777B㸪Canberra♫〇㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚

210

ୖ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬᳨ฟຠ⋡ࡣᶆ‽≀㉁㸦IAEA-375㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᰯ

ࣜ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚constant rate of supply㸦CRS㸧ࣔࢹࣝ㸦Applebyṇࡋࡓ㸬ሁ✚ᖺ௦᥎ᐃ࡟⏝࠸ࡿ኱Ẽ㝆ୗ⏤᮶ࡢexcess 210Pb

and Oldfield, 1978㸧ࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛᥎ᐃࡋࡓ㸬

㸦210Pbex㸧ࡣ㸪ࣂࢵࢡࢢࣛ࢘ࣥࢻ࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡍࡿsupported

14

C࡟ࡼࡿᖺ௦᥎ᐃࢆࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࣟࣥࢢࢥ

-9-Ώ㎶ ㅬኴ࣭ᡤ ❧ᶞ࣭⏣ከ ୍ྐ࣭㛛㇂ ⱱ࣭᱓Ụ ᮅẚ࿅࢔࠿ࡽ12ᒙ௨ୖࡢヨᩱ࡜⾲ᒙ2 mmࡢヨᩱࢆศᯒ࡟౪ࡋࡓ㸬࡚ィ⟬ࡋࡓ㸬ྠᵝ࡟㸪ᩘ༓ᖺࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢᖹᆒ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓஝⇱ヨᩱ࠿ࡽ┠❧ࡗࡓ᳜≀∦ࡸ㈅Ẇ∦ࢆ㝖ཤࡋ㸪1 N HCl

␃㏿ᗘࢆ14C࡛᥎ᐃࡋࡓሁ✚ᖺ௦࡜᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㔞ࡢ୍ḟ࡛↓ᶵⅣ⣲ࢆ㝖ཤࡋࡓ㸬ฎ⌮ᚋࡢヨᩱࢆඖ⣲ศᯒィ㸦Euroᅇᖐᘧࡢഴࡁ࡜ࡋ࡚ィ⟬ࡋࡓ㸬ྛᒙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓

EA3000 㸪 EuroVector ♫ 〇 㸹 Flash 2000 㸪 Thermo Fisher␃㏿ᗘࢆୖୗᒙྜࢃࡏ࡚3ヨᩱࡢሁ✚ᖺ௦࡜᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓

Scientific♫〇㸧࡛⇞↝ࡉࡏ㸪᭷ᶵⅣ⣲࠿ࡽ⏕ᡂࡋࡓCO2࢞␃㔞ࡢ୍ḟᅇᖐᘧ࠿ࡽ⟬ฟࡋࡓ㸬ࢫࢆ෭༷ࢺࣛࢵࣉ࡛ᤕ㞟ࡋࡓ㸬⃰⦰ࡉࢀࡓCO2 ࢞ࢫࢆCorgྵ᭷㔞࡜DBD࠿ࡽྛᒙࡢ↓ᶵ㖔≀㔞ࢆ᥎ᐃࡋ㸪ୖグ

650°C࡟㐣⇕ࡋࡓ≧ែ࡛㕲ࢆゐ፹࡜ࡋ࡚Ỉ⣲࡛㑏ඖࡋ㸪ࢢࡢ⟬ฟ᪉ἲ࠿ࡽ↓ᶵ㖔≀ሁ✚㏿ᗘࢆィ⟬ࡋࡓ㸬᪤ ◊✲ࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺࢆ⏕ᡂࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺࢆຍ㏿ჾ㉁㔞

㸦Fourqurean et al., 2012㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ྲྀࡾࡲ࡜ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ

ศᯒィ㸦AMS㸧࡟ᑟධࡋ࡚13C⃰ᗘཬࡧ14C⃰ᗘࢆᐃࡋ㸪Corgྵ᭷㔞࡜᭷ᶵ≀㔞ࡢ㛵ಀᘧࢆ⏝࠸࡚ྛᒙࡢ᭷ᶵ≀㔞

14Cࡢ༙ῶᮇ࠿ࡽᨺᑕᛶⅣ⣲ᖺ௦ࢆィ⟬ࡋࡓ㸬ᨺᑕᛶⅣ⣲

ࢆ᥎ᐃࡋ㸪DBD࠿ࡽᕪࡋᘬࡃࡇ࡜࡛↓ᶵ㖔≀㔞ࢆィ⟬ࡋᖺ௦࠿ࡽᬺᖺ࡬ࡢ㍑ṇࡣࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔OxCal 4.3ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࡓ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛Corgྵ᭷㔞࡜᭷ᶵ≀㔞ࡢẚࡀ୍ᐃ࡜௬ᐃࡋ࡚࠸

IntCal13ࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺ㸦Reimer et al., 2013㸧࡟ࡼࡾ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ࡿ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿᬺᖺ⾲♧ࡣヨᩱࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓすᬺ2012ᖺࢆ
ᇶ‽࡟㸪ࡑࡇ࠿ࡽ㐳ࡗࡓᖺᩘ㸦Cal yr BP㸧࡛♧ࡍ㸬14Cࡣ

 ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲ࡢ㉳※᥎ᐃ኱Ẽ࠿ࡽᾏὒ࡬⛣⾜ࡋ㸪ᾏὒࢆᚠ⎔ࡋࡓᚋ࡟᭷ᶵⅣ⣲࡜ሁ✚≀୰Corgࡢ㉳※ࡣį13CཬࡧN/Cẚࢆኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸㸪ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾ㎸ࡲࢀࡿ㸬ᾏὒࡢ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲ࡀྠࡌᖺ௦࡟⏕ᡂࡉ

SIARࣔࢹࣝ㸦Parnell et al., 2010㸧࡟ࡼࡾ᥎ᐃࡋࡓ㸬ᮏ◊✲ࢀࡓ㝣ୖࡢ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲࡟ẚ࡭୍࡚⯡࡟ྂ࠸ᖺ௦ࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜

࡛ࡣN/Cẚࢆࣔࢹࣝ࡟⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡣC/Nẚࡼࡾࡶࢆᾏὒࣜࢨ࣮ࣂ࣮ຠᯝ㸦ǻR㸧࡜࿧ࡪ㸬ᾏὒヨᩱࡢᬺᖺࢆ

N/Cẚࡢ᪉ࡀⅣ⣲※ࡢ㉳※᥎ᐃ࡟㐺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ

ࡼࡾṇ☜࡟᥎ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣǻRࢆ▱ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ᮏ◊

㸦Perdue and Koprivnjak, 2007; Ώ㎶࣭᱓Ụ, 2013; Watanabe✲࡛ࡣ㸪⾲ᒙ2 mmࡢヨᩱࡀ⌧ᅾሁ✚ࡍࡿ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲࡛࠶ࡿ

and Kuwae, 2015a㸧㸬࡜௬ᐃࡋ㸪ࡇࡢヨᩱࡢᬺᖺࢆǻR࡜௬ᐃࡋ࡚ྛᒙࡢヨᩱ࠿ࡽ࢜ࣇࢭࢵࢺࡋࡓ㸬ࡓࡔࡋ㸪ᵓᡂࡍࡿ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲ࡢ࡯࡜ࢇXij = fS1VjS1 + fS2VjS2 + fS3VjS3 + İij࡝ࡀ㝣ୖ᳜≀⏤᮶࡛࠶ࡿἾⅣᒙࡢヨᩱ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ǻR = 0

fS1 + fS2 + fS3 = 1

࡜ࡋࡓ㸬
210

Pbཬࡧ14C࡟ࡼࡿᖺ௦᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪ሁ✚ᖺ௦ࣔࢹࡇࡇ࡛㸪S1㸪S2㸪S3ࡣ3ࡘࡢ㉳※᭷ᶵ≀㸦࢚ࣥࢻ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮㸧ࣝࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࡓ㸬ሁ✚ᖺ௦ࣔࢹࣝࡣࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔ Bacon

㸪Vjࡣྛ࢚ࣥ
ࢆ⾲ࡍ㸬Xijࡣࢧࣥࣉࣝiࡢኚᩘj㸦į13C 㸪N/C㸧㸦Blaauw and Christen, 2011㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚࣋࢖ࢬ᥎ᐃࡋࡓ㸬ྛࢻ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢኚᩘj㸪İijࡣࢧࣥࣉࣝiࡢኚᩘj࡟࠾ࡅࡿㄗᕪ࡛

ᒙࡢሁ✚ᖺ௦ࢆࣇ࢕ࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡋࡓࣔࢹࣝ࠿ࡽィ⟬ࡋࡓ㸬࠶ࡿ㸬SIARࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣVjཬࡧİijࢆṇつศᕸ࡟ᚑ࠺ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛ
ࢱ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐤ୚⋡fࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿ㸬࡞࠾ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣྛᒙࡢሁ✚ ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࡢ᥎ᐃ

≀ヨᩱࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ᥇ྲྀࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛㸪İijࡣ0࡜ࡳ࡞ࡋ࡚

᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㔞㸦ࢫࢺࢵࢡ㸧ࢆCorgྵ᭷㔞࡟DBDࢆ஌ࡌィ⟬ࡋࡓ㸬ୖグィ⟬ᘧࡢࡶ࡜࡛࣐ࣝࢥࣇ㐃㙐ࣔࣥࢸ࢝ࣝ

ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ィ⟬ࡋࡓ㸬DBDࢆྛᒙヨᩱࡢྵỈ⋡㸦w㸪g gí1㸧ࣟἲ㸦MCMC㸧࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟㐺ྜࡍࡿfࡢ᥎ᐃ್ࢆ⧞

࡜ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࣟࣥࢢࢥ࢔࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᩘヨᩱࡎࡘᐃࡋࡓᅵࡾ㏉ࡋࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢࡋ㸪fࡢ☜⋡ศᕸࢆ᥎ᐃࡋࡓ㸬ྛ㉳※⢏Ꮚᐦᗘ㸦d㸪g cm 㸧ࡢᖹᆒ್࠿ࡽィ⟬ࡋࡓ㸬ࣆࢡࣀ࣓ࡢᐤ୚⋡࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᥎ᐃ್ࡢ୰ኸ್࡜95%ಙ㢗༊㛫ࢆィ⟬

í3

࣮ࢱ࣮࡛

í3

ࡋࡓ㸬

ᐃࡉࢀࡓdࡢᖹᆒ್ࡣ2.48–2.66 g cm ࡛࠶ࡗ㢼ⶈ†ࡢ㉳※᥎ᐃࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ㸪ᾏⲡ㸪᳜≀ࣉࣛࣥࢡࢺ

ࡓ㸬DBDࡣ௨ୗࡢᘧ࡛ィ⟬ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࣥ㸪ᗏ⏕ᚤ⣽⸴㢮㸦microphytobenthos㸹MPB㸧㸪ሷᛶ‵ᆅ
DBD (g cmí3) = (1 í 1.023w) / (w + (1 í 1.023w) / d)᳜≀㸪Ἑᕝ⏤᮶᭷ᶵ≀ࢆ࢚ࣥࢻ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚௬ᐃࡋࡓ㸬᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࡢⓎᩓࢆᢚไࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪į13CࡸN/Cẚࡀẚ㍑ⓗ㛫㝽Ỉᐦᗘࡣ1.023 g cmí3࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢᘧ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ

㏆࠸᳜≀ࣉࣛࣥࢡࢺࣥ࡜MPBࢆᚤ⣽⸴㢮࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡲࡓሷ

í3

DBD࡜Corgྵ᭷㔞㸦%㸧࠿ࡽCorgᐦᗘ㸦g Corg cm 㸧ࢆィ⟬ᛶ‵ᆅ᳜≀࡜Ἑᕝ⏤᮶᭷ᶵ≀ࢆ㝣ᇦ⏤᮶᭷ᶵ≀㸦TerrOM㸧ࡋࡓ㸬CorgᐦᗘࢆἾ῝᪉ྥ࡟✚⟬ࡋ࡚᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㔞㸦g࡜ࡋ࡚࢚ࣥࢻ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡓ㸬ⅆᩓᕸ἟ࡢ㉳※᥎ᐃí2ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡶྠᵝ࡟㸪ᾏⲡ㸪ᚤ⣽⸴㢮㸪TerrOM㸦ሷᛶ‵ᆅ

Corg m 㸧ࢆ᥎ᐃࡋࡓ㸬
210

Pb࡛᥎ᐃ

᳜≀࡜Ἑ␁ᅵተࡢΰྜ㸧ࢆ࢚ࣥࢻ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࡜௬ᐃࡋࡓ㸬ࡋࡓሁ✚ᖺ௦࡜᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㔞ࡢ୍ḟᅇᖐᘧࡢഴࡁ࡜ࡋ

ᾏⲡⲡయࡣሷศ໙㓄࡟ἢࡗ࡚」ᩘᆅⅬࢆタᐃࡋ㸪Ꮨ⠇ᩘ༑ᖺࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢᖹᆒ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࢆ- 10 -

ἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࡢつᐃせᅉࡢ†␁࡟࡚ࢥ࢔࣮࡛ࣛ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓ㸦Ლཎ, 2010㸧㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢẖ࡟㸪㢼ⶈ†㸦Watanabe and Kuwae, 2015b㸧࡜ⅆᩓᕸ἟㸦Ლ
13࢚ࣥࢻ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢį13CཬࡧN/Cẚࡣሁ✚≀࡜ྠᵝࡢᡭἲཎ, 2010㸧࡛ࡑࢀࡒࢀ᥇ྲྀ࣭ศᯒࡋࡓ㸬ᾏⲡࡢį C࡜N/Cẚࡣᆅୖ㒊࡜ᆅୗ㒊ࡢᖹᆒ್࡜ࡋࡓ㸬㢼ⶈ†㸦Watanabe࡛and Kuwae, 2015b㸧࡜ⅆᩓᕸ἟㸦Ლཎ, 2010㸧ࡢ†ෆ࡛᥇ཬࡧMPB㸦Kajihara et al., 2010; Kuwae et al., 2012㸧ࡢį13C

ᐃࡋࡓ㸬Ἑᕝ⏤᮶᭷ᶵ≀㸦Watanabe and Kuwae, 2015b㸧ྲྀࡋࡓᠱ⃮ែ᭷ᶵ≀ヨᩱࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪Ⅳ⣲/ࢡࣟࣟࣇ࢕ࣝaẚ

ཬࡧN/Cẚࡣ᪤ ᩥ⊩ࡢሗ࿌್ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㸬ΰྜ≀࡛࠶ࡿᚤ

㸦<100㸧ཬࡧC/Nẚ㸦<8.0㸧ࡀ᳜≀ࣉࣛࣥࢡࢺࣥ࡟㏆࠸ࡶ⣽ ⸴ 㢮 ཬ ࡧ TerrOM ࡣ ྛ ࢚ ࣥ ࢻ ࣓ ࣥ ࣂ ࣮ ࡢ ΰ ྜ ⋡ ࢆ 0–ࡢࢆ᳜≀ࣉࣛࣥࢡࢺࣥࡢ௦⾲್࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡓ㸬ሷᛶ‵ᆅ

100%࡛ࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡟ኚ໬ࡉࡏ࡚ィ⟬ࡋࡓ㸬᳜≀ࡢN/Cẚࡣศゎ㐣⛬࡛኱ࡁࡃኚ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ୍⯡ⓗ࡟ࡣN/Cẚࡣศゎ࡟కࡗ࡚ῶᑡࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸦Krüger࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸦Krüger et al., 2015㸧
㸪H7࡜H15ࡢࣟࣥࢢࢥ࢔

et al., 2015㸧㸪ᚤ⣽⸴㢮࡞࡝N/Cẚࡢ㧗࠸㉳※ࡢᐤ୚⋡ࡣ㐣࠿ࡽᐇ㝿࡟᥇ྲྀࡉࢀࡓ᳜≀∦ࢆሷᛶ‵ᆅ᳜≀ࡢ࢚ࣥࢻ࣓ᑠホ౯ࡉࢀ࠺ࡿࡇ࡜࡟␃ពࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪į13C

ࣥࣂ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡓ㸬Ἑ␁ᅵተ㸦⾲ᒙ5 mm㸧ࡣⅆᩓᕸ἟ࡣศゎ㐣⛬࡛ࡣ኱ࡁࡃኚ໬ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
㸦Fry, 2006㸧㸬 ⤫ィゎᯒ⤫ィゎᯒ࡟ࡣࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔Rࡢ⤫ィゎᯒࣃࢵࢣ࣮ࢪࢆ
⏝࠸ࡓ㸦R Core Team, 2017㸧
㸬ኚ໬Ⅼゎᯒ㸦Killick and Eckley,2011㸧ࢆྛሁ✚≀ࢥ࢔ࡢ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ
࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࡀ኱ࡁ࠸᫬
ᮇࢆ⤫ィⓗ࡟ᢳฟࡋࡓ㸬ᢳฟࡉࢀࡓࠕ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࡀ኱ࡁ࠸᫬ᮇࠖࡢሁ✚⎔ቃࢆศ㢮ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪㝵ᒙࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ሁ✚⎔ቃ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ኚ໬ࡋ࠺ࡿࣃࣛ
࣓࣮ࢱ࡜ࡋ࡚Corgྵ᭷㔞㸪⢏ᗘ⤌ᡂ㸪Corg㉳※⤌ᡂࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࡓ㸬ኚ໬Ⅼゎᯒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᢳฟࡉࢀࡓࢧࣥࣉࣝࡢCorgྵ᭷㔞㸪⢏ᗘ⤌ᡂ㸪Corg㉳※⤌ᡂࢆඖ࡟㸪࣮ࣘࢡࣜࢵࢻ㊥㞳ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ࢛࣮࢘ࢻἲ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࢡࣛࢫࢱࣜࣥࢢࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓྠᵝࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺࢆ୺ᡂศศᯒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶゎᯒࡋࡓ㸬෗┿ (a)ᾏⲡ⸴ሙ࡜(b)ሷᛶ‵ᆅࡢᵝᏊ㸬෗┿ ሁ✚≀ࢥ࢔㸦LH7㸧ࡢᵝᏊ㸬- 11 -

Ώ㎶ㅬኴ࣭ᡤ ❧ᶞ࣭⏣ከ ୍ྐ࣭㛛㇂ ⱱ࣭᱓Ụ ᮅẚ࿅⤖ᯝ

ࡓ㸦ᅗ㸧ࡀ㸪ⅆᩓᕸ἟ࡣ₻ộࢳࣕࢿࣝ௜㏆࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿ

H12ࢆ㝖࠸࡚ࢩࣝࢺ࣭⢓ᅵࡀ୺せ⏬ศ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ㸧㸬 ሁ✚ᖺ௦ࣔࢹࣝ࡜ᅵ◁ሁ✚㏿ᗘ☢໬⋡ࡣ㢼ⶈ†ࡢሁ✚≀࡛㧗࠿ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ㸧㸬௨ୗ࡟ྛሁ

210✚≀ࢥ࢔ࡢᆅ㉁Ꮫ࣭⏕≀ᆅ⌫໬Ꮫⓗ≉ᚩࢆ♧ࡍ㸬Pbex⃰ᗘࡣ⾲ᒙ࠿ࡽୗᒙ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ 210Pbsup ⃰ᗘࡲ࡛ῶᑡࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸧㸬

210

Pbexࡢ㖄┤ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ࠿ࡽィ⟬ࡉࢀ

ձF8㸦㢼ⶈ†ࡢ†ዟ㸧㸸ᩘ༓ᖺࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢSARࡀ᭱ࡶ㐜ࡓᩘ༑ᖺࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢᖹᆒᅵ◁ሁ✚㏿ᗘ㸦SAR㸧ࡣ㢼ⶈ†ࡃ㸪Ἶ῝2 m࡛8000 Cal yr BPࡼࡾྂ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗD㸧
㸬◁Ἶ

í1

í1

࡛0.6–4.9 mm yr 㸪ⅆᩓᕸ἟࡛0.2–1.9 mm yr ࡜ィ⟬ࡉࢀ

㸦<500 µm㸧ࡀ୺࡞⏬ศ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪⢒⢏◁ࡀἾ῝10–20

ࡓ㸦⾲㸧㸬ᩘ༑ᖺࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢSARࡀ᭱ࡶ㏿࠿ࡗࡓࡢࡣ㢼cm࡟ศᕸࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬Corgྵ᭷㔞ࡣ⾲ᒙ࡛2%௨ୖ࡜㧗ࡃ㸪ⶈ†ࡢF25㸦†ཱྀ௜㏆ࡢ࢔࣐ࣔሙ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ᩘ༓ᖺࢫࢣୗ ᒙ ࡛ ࡣ 1%௨ ୗ ࡜ ప ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 C/N ẚ ࡣ 12–20 㸪 į13C ࡣ࣮ࣝࡢᖹᆒSARࡣ㢼ⶈ†࡛0.2–1.2 mm yrí1㸪ⅆᩓᕸ἟࡛í23.3‰࠿ࡽí27.1‰࡛ኚ໬ࡋࡓࡀ㸪࡜ࡶ࡟㖄┤ⓗ࡟኱ࡁ࡞í1

0.4–0.6 mm yr ࡜ィ⟬ࡉࢀ㸪㢼ⶈ†ࡢF25㸦†ཱྀ௜㏆ࡢ࢔ኚ໬ࡣࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬࣐ࣔሙ㸧࡛᭱ࡶ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦⾲㸧㸬F41࡜H7ࢆ㝖࠸ࡓղF41㸦㢼ⶈ†ࡢἙཱྀ௜㏆㸧㸸Ἶ῝2 m࡛4000 Cal yr BPࢥ࢔࡛ࡣᩘ༑ᖺࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢSARࡣᩘ༓ᖺࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢSAR࡛࠶ࡾ㸪୰⛬ᗘࡢSARࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗE㸧㸬ሁ✚ᖺ௦ࣔࢹࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟኱ࡁ࡞್࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸦t test㸪p<0.01㸧
㸬210Pb࡜ࣝࡣ1800 Cal yr BP࠿ࡽ800 Cal yr BP㸦Ἶ῝16–131 cm㸧࡟

14C࡟ࡼࡿᖺ௦᥎ᐃ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓሁ✚ᖺ௦࡜Ἶ῝ࡢ㛵ಀ࠿ࡽ

࠿ࡅ࡚SARࡀ୍᫬ⓗ࡟ୖ᪼ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓἾ῝ሁ✚ᖺ௦ࣔࢹࣝࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸹ᅗ㸧㸬

59–87 cmࡣ୰⢏◁࠿ࡽ⢒⢏◁࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ㸪į13Cࡀప࠿ࡗࡓ㸬

Corgྵ᭷㔞ࡣ඲ᒙࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚1.5%௨ୗ࡜ప࠿ࡗࡓ㸬C/Nẚࡣ ሁ✚≀ࢥ࢔ࡢᆅ㉁Ꮫ࣭⏕≀ᆅ⌫໬Ꮫⓗ≉ᚩ

12–18㸪į13Cࡣí23.1‰࠿ࡽí27.2‰࡛ኚ໬ࡋࡓ㸬㢼ⶈ†ࡢሁ✚≀ࡣࢩࣝࢺ࣭⢓ᅵཬࡧ◁࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸

ճF25㸦㢼ⶈ†ࡢ†ཱྀ௜㏆㸧㸸ᩘ༑ᖺࢫࢣ࣮ࣝཬࡧᩘ༓

ᅗ 210Pb ⃰ᗘࡢ㖄┤ศᕸ㸬⦪㍈㸸Ἶ῝㸪ᶓ㍈㸸210Pb ⃰ᗘ㸪⥙᥃㒊㸸supported 210Pb ⃰ᗘ㸪࢚࣮ࣛࣂ࣮㸸㸦Watanabe et al., 2019 ࢆᨵኚ㸧- 12 -

ᐃㄗᕪ㸬ἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࡢつᐃせᅉᖺࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢSARࡀ࡜ࡶ࡟᭱ࡶ኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦⾲㸹ᅗF㸧㸬ࡣⅆᩓᕸ἟ࡢࢥ࢔᥇ྲྀᆅⅬࡢ୰࡛᭱ࡶ㧗࠿ࡗࡓࡀ㸪Corgྵሁ✚≀ࡣ⣽⢏◁࠿ࡽ୰⢏◁࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬Corgྵ᭷㔞᭷㔞ࡣ඲ᒙࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡀ1%௨ୗ࡜ᑡ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡣ⾲ᒙࢆ㝖࠸࡚1%௨ୗ࡛Ᏻᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬㢼ⶈ†ࡢ௚ࡢᆅ

SARࡣ⣙1700–2200 Cal yr BP㸦Ἶ῝63–125cm㸧࡛኱ࡁࡃ࡞

Ⅼ࡟ẚ࡭࡚㸪C/Nẚࡣపࡃ㸦9–14㸧㸪į13Cࡣ㧗࠿ࡗࡓ㸦í20.5–

ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬í16.8‰㸧㸬ሁ✚ᖺ௦ࣔࢹࣝࡣ┤㏆100ᖺ㸦Ἶ῝0–40 cm㸧࡜
800–1100 Cal yr BP㸦Ἶ῝60–200 cm㸧ࡇࢁ࡟SARࡀ኱ࡁ࠿ ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㉳※ࡢᵓᡂ๭ྜ

ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬᭷ᶵⅣ⣲ࡢ㉳※᥎ᐃࣔࢹࣝ㸦ᅗ㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ἢᓊ᳜⏕մH15㸦ⅆᩓᕸ἟ࡢ†ዟ㸧㸸SARࡀᆅ㉁Ꮫ࣭⏕≀ᆅ⌫໬ᇦࡢ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㉳※ࡢ᫬✵㛫ⓗኚືࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬㢼ⶈ†ࡢᏛⓗࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࡜㐃ືࡋ࡚኱ࡁࡃኚ໬ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗD㸧㸬Ἶ

F8㸦†ዟ㸧࡜F41㸦Ἑཱྀ௜㏆㸧࡛ࡣTerrOMࡢᐤ୚⋡㸦඲ᒙⅣᒙࡀἾ῝140–175 cm㸦⣙2400 Cal yr BP㸧௜㏆࡟ศᕸࡋྜ⟬ࡢ୰ኸ್࡜95%ಙ㢗༊㛫㸪௨ୗྠᵝ㸧ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ79%࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢᒙࡣ㧗࠸Corgྵ᭷㔞㸦~20.3%㸧㸪㧗࠸C/Nẚ

㸦78–81%㸧࡜79%㸦76–81%㸧࡛࠶ࡾ㸪TerrOMࡀ᭱ࡶඃ༨

13

㸦~20㸧
㸪ప࠸į C㸦~í28.6‰㸧ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࡢୖࡢἾ῝71–ⓗ࡞᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㉳※࡜᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᅗDE㸧㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢሁ

13

140 cmᒙࡣSARࡀ኱ࡁࡃ㸪į Cࡣୖᒙ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚ቑຍࡋࡓ㸬✚≀୰࡛ࡣᾏⲡ࡜ᚤ⣽⸴㢮ࡣTerrOM࡟ẚ࡭࡚ᐤ୚⋡ࡀᑠἾ῝15–71 cm࡛ࡣSARࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡀ㸪Ἶ῝15 cm࠿ࡽࡉ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬F41ࡢሁ✚≀࡛ࡣ1000–1400 Cal yr BP௜㏆࡛

13⾲ᒙ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡣ෌ࡧSARࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪į Cࡶቑຍࡋࡓ㸬

TerrOMࡢᐤ୚⋡ࡀ㢧ⴭ࡟኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪†ཱྀ௜㏆

յH7㸦ⅆᩓᕸ἟ࡢ†ዟ㸧㸸ࢩࣝࢺ࣭⢓ᅵ୺య࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪

ࡢF25࡛ࡣTerrOMࡢᐤ୚⋡ࡀ22%㸦20–24%㸧࡜௚ࡢᆅⅬࡑࡢ୰࡟࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ᫂░࡞◁ᒙࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ㸦෗┿㸹ᅗ࡟ẚ࡭࡚పࡃ㸪ᾏⲡ㸦30%㸪18–45%㸧࡜ᚤ⣽⸴㢮㸦48%㸪

E㸧㸬ἾⅣᒙࡀἾ῝103–118 cm࡟ぢࡽࢀ㸪ࡇࡢἾⅣᒙࡣ

31–68%㸧ࡀ୺せ࡞᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㉳※࡜᥎ᐃࡉࢀ㸪ᵓᡂ๭ྜࡢ

◁ᒙ㸦120–140 cm㸧ࡢ┤ୖ࡟ሁ✚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ἾⅣᒙࡣ㧗㖄┤᪉ྥ࡬ࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ኚ໬ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗF㸧㸬

13

࠸Corgྵ᭷㔞㸪㧗࠸C/Nẚ㸪ప࠸į Cࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬ἾⅣᒙୖ

ⅆᩓᕸ἟ࡢሁ✚≀ࢥ࢔࡛ࡣ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㉳※ࡀ᫬㛫ⓗ࡟኱㒊ࡢሁ✚ᒙ㸦Ἶ῝70–100 cm㸧ࡣSARࡀ኱ࡁࡃ㸪ୖᒙ࡟࠿ࡁࡃኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬H15࡜H7࡛ࡣ㸪⣙2400

13

ࡅ࡚į Cࡀୖ᪼ࡋࡓ㸬Ἶ῝0–70 cmࡣSARࡀᑠࡉ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬Cal yr BP࡟ࡣᚤ⣽⸴㢮ࡢᐤ୚ࡀ࠶ࡿሁ✚ᒙ࠿ࡽTerrOMࡀնH12㸦ⅆᩓᕸ἟ࡢ₻ộࢳࣕࢿࣝ௜㏆㸧㸸⢏ᗘ⤌ᡂࡀ୙

90%௨ୖࢆ༨ࡵࡿἾⅣᒙ࡟㑄⛣ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗDE㸧
㸬ἾⅣᒙࡢ

13

ୖᒙ࡛ࡣ෌ࡧᚤ⣽⸴㢮ࡸᾏⲡࡢᐤ୚⋡ࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬H12

ᆒ㉁࡛◁Ἶࡢ୰࡟⢒⢏◁ᒙࡀศᕸࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦ᅗF㸧㸬į C⾲ ᖹᆒᅵ◁ሁ✚㏿ᗘ㸦SAR㸧ཬࡧᖹᆒ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘ㸦ᖹᆒ±95%ಙ㢗༊㛫㸧
㸬㸦Watanabe et al., 2019 ࢆᨵኚ㸧ᩘ༑ᖺࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ (210Pb)
ᆅⅬ᳜⏕ᇦ࣭ᆅᙧ

ᒙཌᩘ༓ᖺࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ (14C)

Corg ㈓␃㏿ᗘ

SAR
í1

í2

í1

ᒙཌ

Corg ㈓␃㏿ᗘ

SAR
í1

(cm)

(mm yr )(g Corg m yr )(cm)

(mm yr )(g Corg mí2 yrí1)8

1.0±0.2

11.7±3.5200

0.2±0.0

2.0±0.46

0.6±0.2

7.5±3.1200

0.6±0.1

5.1±1.030

4.9±1.0

41.6±7.7200

1.2±0.5

11.8±4.520

1.9±0.431.0±7.0200

0.6±0.1

14.8±3.82

0.2±0.1

5.1±5.6200

0.5±0.1

9.2±3.26

1.5±0.1

11.7±4.0200

0.4±0.1

2.7±0.6

㢼ⶈ†
F8

F41

F25

࢔࣐ࣔ (Zostera marina)†ዟ࢔࣐ࣔ (Z. marina)
Ἑཱྀ௜㏆
࢔࣐ࣔ (Z. marina)
†ཱྀ௜㏆

ⅆᩓᕸ἟
H15

H7

ࢥ࢔࣐ࣔ (Z. japonica)†ዟࢥ࢔࣐ࣔ (Z. japonica)†ዟH12ࢥ࢔࣐ࣔ (Z. japonica)₻ộࢳࣕࢿࣝ௜㏆- 13 -

Ώ㎶ㅬኴ࣭ᡤ ❧ᶞ࣭⏣ከ ୍ྐ࣭㛛㇂ ⱱ࣭᱓Ụ ᮅẚ࿅ᅗ 㢼ⶈ†ࡢ(a) F8㸪(b) F41㸪(c) F25 ࡟࠾ࡅࡿሁ✚≀ࢥ࢔ࡢᆅ㉁Ꮫⓗ࣭⏕≀ᆅ⌫໬Ꮫⓗࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡢ㖄┤ศᕸ㸬⦪㍈㸸
㸪C/N ẚ㸪į13C㸪ሁ✚ᖺ௦ࡢ᥎Ἶ῝㸪ᶓ㍈㸸⢏ᗘ⤌ᡂ㸪஝⇱࠿ࡉᐦᗘ㸦DBD㸧㸪☢໬⋡㸦MS㸧㸪᭷ᶵⅣ⣲ྵ᭷㔞㸦Corg㸧ᐃ್㸬ሁ✚ᖺ௦ࣔࢹࣝࡢ㉥⥺ࡣ᥎ᐃ್ࡢ㔜ࡳ௜ࡅᖹᆒ㸪⅊Ⰽ㒊ࡣ 95%ಙ㢗༊㛫ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬㸦Watanabe et al., 2019 ࢆᨵኚ㸧- 14 -

ἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࡢつᐃせᅉᅗ ⅆᩓᕸ἟ࡢ(a) H15㸪(b) H7㸪(c) H12 ࡟࠾ࡅࡿሁ✚≀ࢥ࢔ࡢᆅ㉁Ꮫⓗ࣭⏕≀ᆅ⌫໬Ꮫⓗࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡢ㖄┤ศᕸ㸬⦪㍈㸸Ἶ῝㸪ᶓ㍈㸸⢏ᗘ⤌ᡂ㸪஝⇱࠿ࡉᐦᗘ㸦DBD㸧㸪☢໬⋡㸦MS㸧
㸪᭷ᶵⅣ⣲ྵ᭷㔞㸦Corg㸧㸪C/N ẚ㸪į13C㸪ሁ✚ᖺ௦ࡢ᥎ᐃ್㸬ሁ✚ᖺ௦ࣔࢹࣝࡢ㉥⥺ࡣ᥎ᐃ್ࡢ㔜ࡳ௜ࡅᖹᆒ㸪⅊Ⰽ㒊ࡣ 95%ಙ㢗༊㛫ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ⲔⰍ㒊ࡣἾⅣᒙ㸦Peat㸧ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬㸦Watanabe et al., 2019 ࢆᨵኚ㸧- 15 -

Ώ㎶ㅬኴ࣭ᡤ ❧ᶞ࣭⏣ከ ୍ྐ࣭㛛㇂ ⱱ࣭᱓Ụ ᮅẚ࿅ᅗ ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㉳※࡜ሁ✚≀ヨᩱࡢ C/N ẚཬࡧ į13C㸬⦪㍈㸸C/N ẚ㸪ᶓ㍈㸸į13C㸬࢚࣮ࣛࣂ࣮ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ࢚ࣥࢻ࣓
ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢᶆ‽೫ᕪࢆ♧ࡍ㸬㸦Watanabe et al., 2019 ࢆᨵኚ㸧
ࡣἾⅣᒙࡢศᕸࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀ㸪⣙2400 Cal yr BP࡟ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡀ31.0 g Corg mí2 yrí1㸪ᩘ༓ᖺࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡀ14.8 g

TerrOMࡢᐤ୚⋡ࡀ୍᫬ⓗ࡟ቑຍࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᚋ෌ࡧᚤ⣽⸴㢮

Corg mí2 yrí1࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪F41࡜H7ࢆ㝖࠸ࡓᆅⅬ࡛ࡣᩘࡸᾏⲡࡢᐤ୚ࡀቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗF㸧㸬༑ᖺࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢ್ࡢ᪉ࡀᩘ༓ᖺࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢ್ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព
࡟኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦t test㸪p<0.01㸧㸬 ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㔞࣭㈓␃㏿ᗘ

Corg㈓␃㏿ᗘࡣ◁㉁㸪Ἶ㉁࡟㛵ࢃࡽࡎ↓ᶵ㖔≀ሁ✚㏿ᗘἾ῝2 mࡲ࡛ࡢCorg㈓␃㔞ࡣ◁Ἶ㉁ࡢሁ✚≀࡛ᑡ࡞ࡃ㸪࡜᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ┦㛵ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸦p<0.001㸪ᅗ㸧㸬ἾⅣᒙ࡛ࡶ

F8ࡣ19600 g Corg mí2㸪F41ࡣ18400 g Corg mí2㸪F25ࡣ18600 gṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡀỴᐃಀᩘࡣᑠࡉ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦R2 = 0.36㸪

Corg mí2㸪H12ࡣ13900 g Corg mí2࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ㸹ᅗ㸧㸬

p<0.01㸪ᅗ㸧㸬ሁ✚ᖺ௦ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿヲ⣽࡞ゎᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ࢩࣝࢺ࣭⢓ᅵ୺యࡢሁ✚≀ࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢ2ಸ௨ୖከࡃ㸪H15

Corg㈓␃㏿ᗘࡣ᫬㛫ⓗ࡟኱ࡁࡃኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿

í2

í2

ࡣ48700 g Corg m 㸪H7ࡣ38400 g Corg m ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ྛሁ✚

ࡗࡓ㸬Corg㈓␃㏿ᗘࡀ⤫ィⓗ࡟኱ࡁ࠸᫬ᮇ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢳฟࡋࡓ

≀ࢥ࢔ࡢࢩࣝࢺ࣭⢓ᅵྵ᭷⋡ࡢᖹᆒ್ࡣἾ῝2 mࡲ࡛ࡢ

ヨᩱࡣ5ࡘࡢࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࡟ศ㢮ࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ㸧㸬ࢡࣛࢫࢱ2

Corg㈓␃㔞࡜ṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ㸦R = 0.95㸪p<0.001㸪N =࣮1ࡣⅆᩓᕸ἟ࡢࢩࣝࢺ࣭⢓ᅵ୺య࡛㸪TerrOM࡜ᾏⲡཬࡧ

6㸹ᅗD㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ྛヨᩱࡢࢩࣝࢺ࣭⢓ᅵྵ᭷⋡࡜Corgྵᚤ⣽⸴㢮ࡀΰྜࡋࡓሁ✚ᒙ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮2ࡣCorg2

᭷㔞ࡢ㛫࡟ࡶ᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ㸦R = 0.48㸪

ྵ᭷㔞ࡀከ࠸ἾⅣᒙ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮3ࡣ୺࡟㢼ⶈ†

p<0.001㸪N = 681㸹ᅗE㸧㸬ࡓࡔࡋ㸪ἾⅣᒙࡢヨᩱࡣࡇࡢࡢF8ཬࡧF41࡛ぢࡽࢀ㸪TerrOMࡢᐤ୚⋡ࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪◁Ἶ㉁ࡢ

㛵ಀ࠿ࡽࡣእࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ሁ✚ᒙ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮4ࡣᾏⲡཬࡧᚤ⣽⸴㢮ࡢᐤ୚㢼ⶈ†࡟࠾࠸࡚ᩘ༑ᖺࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢᖹᆒCorg㈓␃㏿ᗘࡣ
í2

í1⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ሁ✚ᒙ࡛㸪እᾏ࡟㏆࠸F25࡜H12࡛ぢࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࢡ

í2

ࣛࢫࢱ࣮5ࡣ⢒⢏◁ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿሁ✚ᒙ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬

F25࡛᭱ࡶ኱ࡁࡃ㸦41.6 g Corg m yr 㸧㸪F8㸦11.7 g Corg m
í1

í2

í1

yr 㸧ཬࡧF41㸦7.5 g Corg m yr 㸧ࡢ3ಸ௨ୖ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦⾲㢼ⶈ†ࡢዟ㒊࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿF8ཬࡧF41࡛ࡣ1800–800 Cal yr㸧㸬ᩘ༓ᖺࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢᖹᆒCorg㈓␃㏿ᗘࡶF25㸦11.8 g Corg

BP㡭࡜┤㏆150ᖺ⛬ᗘࡢCorg㈓␃㏿ᗘࡀ኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗD㸪

mí2 yrí1㸧࡛᭱ࡶ኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ⅆᩓᕸ἟࡛ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ᫬㛫E㸧㸬ࡇࡢᮇ㛫࡟ࡣ୺࡟TerrOM㉳※ࡢCorg㸦ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮3㸧ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢᖹᆒCorg㈓␃㏿ᗘࡶH15࡛᭱ࡶ኱ࡁࡃ㸪ᩘ༑ᖺࡀሁ✚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡲࡓF41࡛ࡣ1400 Cal yr BP㡭࡟⢒⢏◁࡜- 16 -

ἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࡢつᐃせᅉᅗ 㢼ⶈ†ࡢ(a) F8㸪(b) F41㸪(c) F25 ࡟࠾ࡅࡿሁ✚≀ࢥ࢔ࡢྛ✀ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡢሁ✚ᖺ௦ኚ໬㸬⦪㍈㸸ሁ✚ᖺ௦㸪ᶓ㍈㸸㝣ᇦ⏤᮶᭷ᶵ≀㸦TerrOM㸧ᐤ୚⋡㸪ᾏⲡᐤ୚⋡㸪ᚤ⣽⸴㢮ᐤ୚⋡㸪ᅵ◁ሁ✚㏿ᗘ㸦SAR㸧㸪᭷ᶵⅣ⣲ྵ᭷㔞㸦Corg㸧㸪᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘ㸪᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㔞࢖ࣥ࣋ࣥࢺࣜ㸬᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㔞࢖ࣥ࣋ࣥࢺࣜࡢ࢜ࣞࣥࢪⰍࡣ TerrOM㸪⥳Ⰽࡣᾏⲡ㸪㟷Ⰽࡣᚤ⣽⸴㢮ࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ♧ࡍ㸬Ⰽ࡛⥙᥃ࡀࡉࢀࡓᖺ௦ࡣ⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡜ᢳฟࡉࢀࡓᮇ㛫࡛㸪ྛⰍࡣ㝵ᒙࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ศᯒ࡟ࡼࡿศ㢮ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍ㸬㸦Watanabe et al., 2019 ࢆᨵኚ㸧- 17 -

Ώ㎶ㅬኴ࣭ᡤ ❧ᶞ࣭⏣ከ ୍ྐ࣭㛛㇂ ⱱ࣭᱓Ụ ᮅẚ࿅ᅗ ⅆᩓᕸ἟ࡢ(a) H15㸪(b) H7㸪(c) H12࡟࠾ࡅࡿሁ✚≀ࢥ࢔ࡢྛ✀ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡢሁ✚ᖺ௦ኚ໬㸬⦪㍈㸸ሁ✚ᖺ௦㸪ᶓ㍈㸸㝣ᇦ⏤᮶᭷ᶵ≀㸦TerrOM㸧ᐤ୚⋡㸪ᾏⲡᐤ୚⋡㸪ᚤ⣽⸴㢮ᐤ୚⋡㸪ᅵ◁ሁ✚㏿ᗘ㸦SAR㸧㸪᭷ᶵⅣ⣲ྵ᭷㔞㸦Corg㸧㸪᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘ㸪᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㔞࢖ࣥ࣋ࣥࢺࣜ㸬᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㔞࢖ࣥ࣋ࣥࢺࣜࡢ࢜ࣞࣥࢪⰍࡣTerrOM㸪⥳Ⰽࡣᾏⲡ㸪㟷Ⰽࡣᚤ⣽⸴㢮ࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ♧ࡍ㸬Ⰽ࡛⥙᥃ࡀࡉࢀࡓᖺ௦ࡣ⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡜ᢳฟࡉࢀࡓᮇ㛫࡛㸪ྛⰍࡣ㝵ᒙࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ศᯒ࡟ࡼࡿศ㢮ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍ㸬㸦Watanabe et al., 2019ࢆᨵኚ㸧- 18 -

ἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࡢつᐃせᅉᅗ (a) ྛሁ✚≀ࢥ࢔ࡢᖹᆒࢩࣝࢺ࣭⢓ᅵྵ᭷⋡㸦< 63 µm㸧࡜Ἶ῝ 2 m ࡲ࡛ࡢ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㔞ࡢ㛵ಀ㸬⦪㍈㸸Ἶ῝ 2m ࡲ࡛ࡢ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㔞㸪ᶓ㍈㸸ᖹᆒࢩࣝࢺ࣭⢓ᅵྵ᭷⋡㸪ᐇ⥺㸸ᅇᖐ┤⥺㸬(b) ྛヨᩱࡢࢩࣝࢺ࣭⢓ᅵྵ᭷⋡࡜᭷ᶵ
Ⅳ⣲ྵ᭷㔞ࡢ㛵ಀ㸬⦪㍈㸸᭷ᶵⅣ⣲ྵ᭷㔞㸪ᶓ㍈㸸ࢩࣝࢺ࣭⢓ᅵྵ᭷⋡㸪⅊Ⰽ୸㸸ἾⅣᒙヨᩱ㸪ⓑ୸㸸ἾⅣᒙ௨እࡢヨᩱ㸪ᐇ⥺㸸ᅇᖐ┤⥺㸬
ἾⅣᒙ㸦ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮2㸧࡛≉࡟Corg㈓␃㏿ᗘࡀ኱ࡁࡃ㸪H15
ࡣᖹᆒ59.0 g Corg mí2 yrí1㸪H7ࡣᖹᆒ117.4 g Corg mí2 yrí1࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗDE㸧㸬ࡲࡓⅆᩓᕸ἟ࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡢᆅⅬ࡛ࡶ2400
Cal yr BP࠿ࡽ1800 Cal yr BP㡭㸦ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮1㸧࡟࠿ࡅ࡚Corg㈓␃㏿ᗘࡀ኱ࡁࡃ㸪H15࡛ᖹᆒ56.2 g Corg mí2 yrí1㸪H7࡛ᖹ
ᆒ46.1 g Corg mí2 yrí1㸪H12࡛ᖹᆒ13.1 g Corg mí2 yrí1࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ㸧
㸬ࡲࡓ㸪H15ཬࡧH12࡛ࡣ┤㏆ᩘ༑ᖺࡢCorg㈓␃
㏿ᗘࡀ㢧ⴭ࡟ቑຍࡋࡓ㸬⪃ᐹ
 ሁ✚⎔ቃ࣭᳜⏕ᇦኚ໬࡜᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘᮏ◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿሁ✚ᖺ௦ࣔࢹࣝ࡜ᆅ㉁Ꮫ࣭⏕≀ᆅ⌫໬Ꮫⓗゎᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪ሁ✚⎔ቃࡢ᫬㛫ⓗ࣭✵㛫ⓗኚ໬ࡀ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘ࡜㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬໭ᾏᅗ ↓ᶵ㖔≀ሁ✚㏿ᗘ࡜᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࡢ㛵ಀ㸬㐨ᮾ㒊࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪༓ᓥᾏ⁁௜㏆

⦪㍈㸸᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘ㸪ᶓ㍈㸸↓ᶵ㖔≀ሁ✚㏿ᗘ㸪࡟࠾࠸࡚ᩘⓒᖺ࿘ᮇ࡛㉳ࡁࡿᕧ኱ᆅ㟈࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᆅẆኚືᐇ⥺㸸ᅇᖐ┤⥺㸪ⓑ୸㸸◁㉁ሁ✚≀㸦F8㸪F41㸪F25㸪ࡀ㢖⦾࡟㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Kelsey et

H12㸧㸪⅊Ⰽ୸㸸Ἶ㉁ሁ✚≀㸦H15㸪H7㸧㸪㯮୸㸸ἾⅣal., 2006; Nanayama et al., 2003; Sawai et al., 2009; 㔜㔝ࡽ,

ᒙ㸬

2013㸧
㸬ᮏ◊✲ࡢᑐ㇟Ỉᇦ࡛ぢࡽࢀࡓ㐣ཤࡢሁ✚⎔ቃኚ໬ࡶ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᆅ㟈ᛶࡢᆅẆኚື࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿᆅ┙㧗ࡢኚື࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬

࡜ࡶ࡟TerrOMᐤ୚⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ᒙࡀሁ✚ࡋࡓ㸦ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮5㸧㸬ⅆᩓᕸ἟ࡢሁ✚≀ࢥ࢔ࡣ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㉳※ࡀ኱ࡁࡃኚືࡋ

F25࡛ࡣ1100–800 Cal yr BP㡭㸦ᖹᆒ್㸪43.9 g Corg mí2 yrí1㸧ཬࡧ┤㏆200ᖺ⛬ᗘ㸦17.2 g Corg m yr 㸧࡟Corg㈓␃㏿ᗘࡀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ሁ✚⎔ቃࡸ᳜⏕ᇦࡶ᫬㛫ⓗ࡟ኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜᥎

㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗF㸧
㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚800–230 Cal yrᐃࡉࢀࡿ㸦ᅗ㸧㸬†ዟࡢH15ཬࡧH7࡛ࡣ2400 Cal yr BP㡭

BPࡣCorg㈓␃㏿ᗘࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ⅆᩓᕸ἟࡛ࡣ୺࡟2✀࡟ᚤ⣽⸴㢮୺యࡢCorgྵ᭷㔞ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ሁ✚≀ࡀሷᛶ‵ᆅ㢮ࡢሁ✚⎔ቃ࡛Corg㈓␃㏿ᗘࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ

⏤᮶ࡢCorgྵ᭷㔞ࡀ㧗࠸ἾⅣᒙ࡟ኚ໬ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗD㸪E㸧㸬ศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬H15ཬࡧH7࡛ࡣ2400 Cal yr BP㡭࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓ

Sawai et al.㸦2009㸧ࡣ㸪ⅆᩓᕸ἟ࡢ༡࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿ⸴ᩓᕸ἟

í2

í1- 19 -

Ώ㎶ㅬኴ࣭ᡤ ❧ᶞ࣭⏣ከ ୍ྐ࣭㛛㇂ ⱱ࣭᱓Ụ ᮅẚ࿅ᅗ 㝵ᒙࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ศᯒཬࡧ୺ᡂศศᯒ࡟ࡼࡿゎᯒ⤖ᯝ㸬ᶓ㍈㸸➨ 1 ୺ᡂศ㸪⦪㍈㸸➨ 2 ୺ᡂศ㸬࣋ࢡࢺࣝࡣྛኚ
ᩘ࡜୺ᡂศᚓⅬࡢ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡍ㸬㸦Watanabe et al., 2019 ࢆᨵኚ㸧࡟࡚㸪ὠἼሁ✚≀ࡢ┤ୖ࡟ྠᵝࡢἾⅣᒙࡀศᕸࡍࡿࡇ࡜

࡜Corg㈓␃㏿ᗘࡢ㛵ಀ࡜ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜㸪ἾⅣᒙ࡛ࡣCorgࡀࡼࡾࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢሁ✚ᒙࡣ2400 Cal yr BP㡭࡟ὠἼከ࠸๭ྜ࡛ሁ✚ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦ᅗ㸧㸪ሷᛶ‵ᆅ࠿ࡽࡢCorg౪ሁ✚≀ࢆ⏕ࡌࡉࡏࡿ࡯࡝ࡢ኱ᆅ㟈࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᆅ┙ࡀ㝯㉳ࡋ㸪⤥ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ሷᛶ‵ᆅ࡜ᾏⲡ⸴

┦ᑐⓗᾏỈ‽ࡀపୗࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡑࢀࡲ࡛₻ୗᖏࡔࡗࡓ

ሙࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ሷᛶ‵ᆅࡢᇶ♏⏕⏘㏿ᗘࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟㧗ᆅ┙㧗ࡲ࡛ሷᛶ‵ᆅࡀᣑ኱ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Sawai

࠸ࡇ࡜㸦Duarte et al., 2005, 2013㸧ࡀ୍ᅉ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡲ

et al., 2009㸧
㸬H7ࡢሁ✚≀ࢥ࢔࡟ࡣ㸪Sawai et al.㸦2009㸧ࡢࡓ㸪₻㛫ᖏ࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿሷᛶ‵ᆅ࡛ࡣᾐỈࡍࡿ᫬㛫ࡀ▷࠸Ⓨぢ࡜ྠᵝ࡟◁ᒙ㸦ὠἼሁ✚≀㸧ࡢୖ㒊࡟ἾⅣᒙࡀぢࡽࡓࡵ㸪Corgࡀὶฟࡍࡿ㢖ᗘࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶཎᅉ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࢀࡓ㸦ᅗE㸧㸬H15ࡢሁ✚≀ࢥ࢔࡟ࡶ࡯ࡰྠࡌሁ✚ᖺ௦࡟ࡿ㸬ἾⅣᒙࡀฟ⌧ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗD㸧㸬ᾏഃ࡟㏆࠸H12ࡢሁ✚≀ࢥ࢔

2400 Cal yr BP㡭ࡢἾⅣᒙࡢฟ⌧௨㝆ࡣ†ෆ඲ᇦ࡛ᚤ⣽࡟ࡣἾⅣᒙࡣṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀ㸪⢒⢏◁㸦Ἶ῝126–140 cm㸧⸴㢮ࡸᾏⲡࡢᐤ୚⋡ࡀቑຍࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪┦ᑐⓗᾏỈ‽ࡢୖࡢୖ㒊࡟TerrOMࡢᐤ୚⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ሁ✚ᒙࡀぢࡽࢀ㸪ሷᛶ‵᪼࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ሷᛶ‵ᆅࡀᾘኻࡋ㸪෌ࡧ₻ୗᖏ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜

ᆅᣑ኱ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀH12௜㏆࡟ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿ㸦ᅗࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸧㸬໭ᾏ㐨ᮾ㒊ࡢኴᖹὒഃ࡛ࡣᆅ㉁グF㸧㸬2400 Cal yr BP㡭࡟㉳ࡁࡓ₻ୗᖏ㸦ᾏⲡ⸴ሙ㸧࠿ࡽ㘓࠿ࡽ㸪ᗈ࠸⠊ᅖ࡛ᆅ㟈ᚋࡢᆅ┙ỿୗ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚┦ᑐⓗᾏሷᛶ‵ᆅ࡬ࡢ᳜⏕ᇦ෌㓄⨨࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Corg㈓␃㏿ᗘࡣ㢧ⴭỈ‽ࡀపୗࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Sawai et al., 2004,࡟ቑຍࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸧㸬₻ୗᖏ࡛ぢࡽࢀࡓ↓ᶵ㖔≀ሁ✚㏿ᗘ

2009㸧㸬ࡇࡢ᫬ᮇ㸪ⅆᩓᕸ἟ࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡢሁ✚≀ࢥ࢔࡟࠾࠸

- 20 -

ἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࡢつᐃせᅉ࡚ࡶCorg㈓␃㏿ᗘࡀ኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ㸧㸬ᅵ◁ሁ✚㏿ᗘࡢ

␃㏿ᗘࡣᆅⅬ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᅵ◁౪⤥㔞ࡸ≀⌮ቑຍࡀ୺せᅉ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚Corg㈓␃㏿ᗘࡀቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸦ᅗ᧠஘ࡢᙉᗘࡀᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪210Pbἲ㸧㸪ࡇࡢሁ✚ᒙࡢ☢໬⋡ࡣపࡃ㸦ᅗ㸧㸪㝣ᇦ࠿ࡽࡢᅵ

ࡣ14Cἲ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ᅵ◁ሁ✚㏿ᗘࡀ㐣኱ホ౯ࡉࢀࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜

◁౪⤥ࡀቑ࠼ࡓ࡜ࡣ⪃࠼࡟ࡃ࠸㸬ᚑࡗ࡚㸪┦ᑐⓗᾏỈ‽ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸦Breithaupt et al., 2018㸧㸪ᮏ◊✲࡟࠾࠸

ࡢୖ᪼࡟ࡼࡿሁ✚✵㛫ࡢᣑ኱࡜ᗏ㠃࡟స⏝ࡍࡿእຊ㸦ᗏ࡚ࡣ㸪14Cἲ࡛ࡶ210Pbἲ࡜ྠ⛬ᗘࡲࡓࡣࡑࢀ௨ୖࡢᅵ◁ሁ㠃ࡏࢇ᩿ᛂຊ㸧ࡢῶᑡࡀᅵ◁ሁ✚㏿ᗘࡢቑຍ࡟ᐤ୚ࡋࡓ

✚㏿ᗘࡀィ⟬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᖺ௦ࡶ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᡭἲ࡟ࡼࡿ㐣࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸦Collins et al., 2017; Morris et al., 2002;

኱ホ౯ࡔࡅࡀཎᅉ࡜ࡣ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸㸬

Woodroffe et al., 2016㸧㸬ሁ✚✵㛫ࡣᅵ◁ࡀሁ✚࡛ࡁࡿ✵㛫ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡣ᭱㧗₻఩ࡲ࡛ࡢ✵㛫࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࡢつᐃせᅉ┦ᑐⓗᾏỈ‽ୖ᪼࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᅵ◁ࡢሁ✚࡛ࡁࡿవᆅࡀᗈࡀ

ᮏ◊✲ࡢᑐ㇟ᾏᇦ࡛ࡣ┦ᑐⓗᾏỈ‽ࡢኚື࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᳜

ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᅵ◁ሁ✚㏿ᗘࢆቑຍࡉࡏࡿ࣏ࢸࣥࢩࣕࣝࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬⏕ᇦཬࡧᅵ◁ሁ✚㏿ᗘࡀኚ໬ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡀᩘ༑ᖺ࠿ࡽᩘ

ࡲࡓ㸪┦ᑐⓗᾏỈ‽ୖ᪼࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ỉ῝ࡀቑ࠼ࡿ࡜ᗏ㠃ࡏ༓ᖺࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢCorg㈓␃㏿ᗘࢆᣦᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ

ࢇ᩿ᛂຊࡀῶᑡࡋ㸪ᅵ◁ࡢ෌ᠱ⃮ཬࡧὶฟࢆᢚ࠼ࡿ᪉ྥ

࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪ἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿCorg࡟స⏝ࡍࡿ㸬H15࡜H12࡛ࡣ┤㏆ᩘ༑ᖺࡢCorg㈓␃㏿ᗘࡀ㈓␃㏿ᗘࢆつᐃࡍࡿせᅉࢆ୍⯡໬ࡋ࡚ᢳฟࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸧㸬ቑຍࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡶ㏆ᖺࡢᾏỈ‽ୖ᪼࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿ࡜⪃



࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬

 ᳜⏕ᇦ

㢼ⶈ†࡛ࡣ᳜⏕ᇦࡢ෌㓄⨨ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀ㸪┦ᑐ᳜⏕ᇦࡢ✀㢮࡟ࡼࡗ࡚༢఩㠃✚࠶ࡓࡾࡢᇶ♏⏕⏘㏿ᗘⓗᾏỈ‽ኚື࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿCorg㈓␃㏿ᗘࡢኚ໬ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡓࡵ㸪Corg㈓␃㏿ᗘࡢ࣏ࢸࣥࢩࣕࣝࢆᕥྑࡍࡿ

㢼ⶈ†࡛ࡣᆅᙧⓗ࡞ᡂࡾ❧ࡕ࡟㛵ࢃࡽࡎ1800–800 Cal yr

㸦Duarte et al., 2005, 2013㸧㸬ṇ࿡ࡢᇶ♏⏕⏘㏿ᗘࡢ඲⌫ᖹBP㡭࡜┤㏆ᩘ༑ᖺ࠿ࡽ200 Cal yr BP࡟Corg㈓␃㏿ᗘࡢࣆᆒ್ࡣሷᛶ‵ᆅ㸦440 g Corg mí2 yrí1㸧ࡢ᪉ࡀᾏⲡ⸴ሙ㸦278

࣮ࢡࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ㸬᪤ ◊✲࠿ࡽࡇࡢᆅᇦ࡛ࡣ኱ᆅ㟈࡟㉳

g Corg mí2 yrí1㸧ࡼࡾࡶ኱ࡁࡃ㸪Corg㈓␃㏿ᗘࡶྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿᅉࡍࡿᆅ┙㝯㉳ࡀ㐣ཤ2000ᖺ࡛4ᅇ㸦300 Cal yr BP㸪400–㸦ሷᛶ‵ᆅ㸪218 g Corg mí2 yrí1㸹ᾏⲡ⸴ሙ㸪138 g Corg mí2

600 Cal yr BP㸪1400 Cal yr BP㸪1900 cal yr BP㸧☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚

yrí1㸧㸦Duarte et al., 2013㸧㸬ࡲࡓሷᛶ‵ᆅࡢሁ✚≀ࡣ㸪₻࠾ࡾ㸪ᆅ┙㝯㉳ࡢ㛫ࡢᮇ㛫࡛ࡣỿ㝆࡟క࠺┦ᑐⓗᾏỈ‽ୗᖏ࡛ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓሁ✚≀ࡢࢩࣝࢺ࣭⢓ᅵྵ᭷⋡࡜Corgྵ᭷ࡢୖ᪼ࡀ㉳ࡁࡓ㸦Kelsey et al., 2006㸧
㸬Corg㈓␃㏿ᗘࡀ኱ࡁ㔞ࡢ㛵ಀ࠿ࡽࡣ㐓⬺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦ᅗ㸧㸬ࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣྠࡌ⢏࠿ࡗࡓᮇ㛫ࡣ┦ᑐⓗᾏỈ‽ୖ᪼ᮇ࡜ྜ⮴ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ሁ✚ᚄࡢᅵ◁ࡀ౪⤥ࡉࢀࡓሙྜ࡟㸪ሷᛶ‵ᆅࡢ᪉ࡀࡼࡾከࡃ

✵㛫ࡢᣑ኱࡜ᗏ㠃ࡏࢇ᩿ᛂຊࡢῶᑡ࡟ࡼࡿᅵ◁ሁ✚ࡢቑࡢ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲ࢆ㈓␃ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸧㸬ሷᛶ‵

ຍࡀCorg㈓␃㏿ᗘࢆቑຍࡉࡏࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ᾏỈ‽ୖ᪼ᆅࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ᳜≀ࡢ᪉ࡀᾏⲡࡼࡾࡶศゎࡉࢀ࡟ࡃ࠸ᡂศ

࡟ᑐࡍࡿF25ࡢᅵ◁ሁ✚㏿ᗘࡢᛂ⟅ࡣ௚ᆅⅬ࡜ẚ࡭࡚ࡶࢆከࡃྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୍ᅉ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ≉࡟኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬㢼ⶈ††ཱྀ࡛ࡣἢᓊ⁻◁㔞ࡀከࡃ㸪◁

㸦Trevathan-Tackett et al., 2015㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ሷᛶ‵ᆅࡣ₻㛫ᖏნࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Nanayama et al., 2017㸧㸬†ཱྀ௜㏆࡟࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪₻ୗᖏ࡟⏕ᜥࡍࡿᾏⲡ⸴ሙࡼࡾࡶᾐỈ఩⨨ࡍࡿF25࡛ࡶ₯ᅾⓗ࡟ᅵ◁ࡢ౪⤥㔞ࡀከ࠸ࡓࡵ㸪┦ᑐ㢖ᗘࡀపࡃ㸪Corgࡀὶฟࡋ࡟ࡃ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶཎᅉ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ⓗᾏỈ‽ୖ᪼࡟ᛂ⟅ࡋ࡚≉࡟Corg㈓␃㏿ᗘࡀቑຍࡋࡓ࡜
⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬㢼ⶈ†࡛ࡣ800 Cal yr BP࠿ࡽ200 Cal yr BP㡭 Ỉ῝㸦┦ᑐⓗᾏỈ‽㸧࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡣᅵ◁ཬࡧ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲ࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ሁ✚ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸

ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ┦ᑐⓗᾏỈ‽ࡢኚືࡀᅵ◁ሁ✚㏿ᗘࢆつᐃࡀ㸪ࡇࡢᮇ㛫࡟㉳ࡁࡓᆅ㟈ᛶ㝯㉳࡟ࡼࡿ┦ᑐⓗᾏỈ‽పࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬≉࡟┦ᑐⓗᾏỈ‽ࡀୖ᪼ࡍࡿࣇ

ୗ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᾐ㣗ࡀ㉳ࡁࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬࢙࣮ࢬ࡛ᅵ◁ሁ✚㏿ᗘཬࡧCorg㈓␃㏿ᗘࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬┤㏆100ᖺࡢCorg㈓␃㏿ᗘࡣH7ࢆ㝖ࡃᆅⅬ࡛ቑຍࡋ࡚࠸

୍⯡ⓗ࡟┦ᑐⓗᾏỈ‽ࡢୖ᪼ࡣሁ✚✵㛫ࢆᣑ኱ࡉࡏ

ࡓࡀ㸦ᅗ㸹ᅗ㸧㸪ࡇࢀࡣ㏆ᖺࡢ┦ᑐⓗᾏỈ‽ୖ᪼࡟ࡼ㸦Collins et al., 2017; Morris et al., 2002; Woodroffe et al.,ࡗ࡚ㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬໭ᾏ㐨ᮾ㒊ࡢ㐣ཤ100ᖺ㛫

2016㸧㸪ᗏ㠃ࡏࢇ᩿ᛂຊࢆపῶࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᅵ◁ሁ✚ࢆí1ࡢ᳨₻グ㘓ࡣᖹᆒ5–10 mm yr ࡢ┦ᑐⓗᾏỈ‽ୖ᪼㸦ᆅ┙ಁ㐍ࡍࡿ࣏ࢸࣥࢩࣕࣝࢆᣢࡘ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬Ẽೃኚື࡟ỿ㝆ཬࡧẼೃኚື࡟ࡼࡿᾏỈ‽ୖ᪼㸧ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼࡿᾏỈ‽ୖ᪼ࡣ⌧ᅾࡶ㐍⾜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟ࡣຍ㏿

㸦Atwater et al., 2004㸧㸬ሁ✚✵㛫ࡢᣑ኱࡜ᗏ㠃ࡏࢇ᩿ᛂຊ

ࡍࡿ࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦IPCC, 2013㸧㸬┦ᑐⓗᾏỈ‽ࡀୖࡢῶᑡ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡣሁ✚ࡋࡸࡍ࠸⎔ቃ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸

᪼ࡋ⥆ࡅࢀࡤ㸪ᅵ◁ࡀሁ✚ࡋ⥆ࡅ࡚ࡶ୍ᐃࡢỈ῝ࡀ☜ಖࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ᅵ◁ሁ✚㏿ᗘཬࡧCorg㈓ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛㸪㛗ᮇⓗ࡟Corgࡀ㈓␃ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬- 21 -

Ώ㎶ㅬኴ࣭ᡤ ❧ᶞ࣭⏣ከ ୍ྐ࣭㛛㇂ ⱱ࣭᱓Ụ ᮅẚ࿅ ᅵ◁౪⤥㔞࣭ᛶ㉁

࡛㸪㐣ཤࡢ⎔ቃ࡜᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࡢ㛵ಀࢆㄪ࡭㸪᭷ᶵ₻ୗᖏ࡛ࡣᅵ◁ࡢ౪⤥㔞ཬࡧ⢏ᚄࡀCorg㈓␃㏿ᗘࡢつⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࢆつᐃࡍࡿせᅉࢆྲྀࡾࡲ࡜ࡵࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢᐃせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚≉࡟㔜せ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ㸹㸧㸬ᅵ◁ࡢ⢏ᚄ⤖ᯝࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚㸪ἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦࢆ㐀ᡂ࣭෌⏕࣭ಖ඲ࡋ࡚᭷

㸦ẚ⾲㠃✚㸧࡜Corg ྵ᭷㔞ࡢ㛵ಀࡣ௚ᾏᇦࡢ࢔࣐ࣔሙ

ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃ᶵ⬟ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪≉࡟㐺ᆅ㑅ᐃཬࡧ⎔ቃ㸦Zosteraᒓ㸧࡛ࡶ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Miyajima et al., 2017;

タᐃࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ␃ពࡍ࡭ࡁⅬࢆ௨ୗ࡟♧ࡍ㸬

Serrano et al., 2016a㸧㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪ᾏὒሁ✚≀୍࡛⯡ⓗ࡟ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㖔≀⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿ᭷ᶵ≀ࡢᏳᐃ໬࣓࢝ࢽ

࣭ἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦࡢ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃࡟࠾࠸࡚↓ᶵ㖔≀ࡢሁ✚ࡣࢬ࣒㸦Hedges and Keil, 1995; Zonneveld et al., 2010㸧ࡀᾏⲡᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡞せᅉ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Miyajima et al., 2017; Serrano⸴ሙሁ✚≀࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲ

et al., 2016a㸧㸬≉࡟᪥ᮏἢᓊࡢ₻ୗᖏ࡟ศᕸࡍࡿ௦⾲ⓗࡓ㢼ⶈ††ཱྀ㸦F25㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡟እ㒊࠿ࡽࡢᅵ◁౪⤥ࡀከ࠸࡞ἢᓊ᳜⏕࡛࠶ࡿ࢔࣐ࣔሙ࡛ࡣ㸪↓ᶵ㖔≀ࡢሁ✚㏿ᗘᆅᙧⓗ≉ᚩࢆᣢࡘሙ࡛ࡣ㸪ሁ✚⎔ቃḟ➨࡛ࡣ኱ࡁ࠸Corg㈓ࡀ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃ࢆつᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸦ᅗ㸹

␃㏿ᗘࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬㸹㸧㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪Ẽೃኚືᑐ⟇ࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ௒ᚋᩘ༑ᖺ
࠿ࡽⓒᖺ⛬ᗘࡢ᫬㛫ࢫࢣ࣮࡛ࣝᅵ◁ࡢሁ✚ࡀぢ㎸ࡵࡿ 㟼✜ᛶ㸦እຊ㸧ሙ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸㸬᪂ࡓ࡟ἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦࢆ㐀ᡂࡍࡿᩘ༓ᖺࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢᖹᆒⓗ࡞Corg ㈓␃㏿ᗘ࡛ࡣⅆᩓᕸ἟ሙྜ㸪ᆅᙧⓗ࡟ᾐ㣗ࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿሙᡤ࡛ࡣຠ⋡ⓗ࡞᭷ࡢ†ዟ㒊࡛኱ࡁ࡞್࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸦⾲㸧㸬ࢩࣝࢺ࣭⢓ᅵࡀሁᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃ࡣぢ㎸ࡳ࡟ࡃ࠸㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ἢᓊᇦࡢᅵ◁ືែ✚ࡋࡸࡍ࠸㟼✜࡞⎔ቃࡀ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ዲ᮲௳࡛

ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪✵㛫ⓗ࡟᭷ᶵⅣ⣲ࡀ㈓␃ࡉࢀࡸࡍ

࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㢼ⶈ†ࡢ†ዟ㒊ࡣ࠸ሙࢆண࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬㠃✚ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡓࡵ࡟྿㏦㊥㞳ࡀ㛗ࡃ㸪㢼Ἴ࡟ࡼࡿ᧠஘ࡀ
࣭Ẽೃኚື࡟ࡼࡿᾏỈ‽ୖ᪼ࡣୡ⏺ⓗ࡟㐍⾜ࡍࡿ࡜ண᝿

ᙉ࠸㸬ࡲࡓἙᕝฟỈ࡟ࡼࡿ᧠஘࡞࡝ࡢ࢖࣋ࣥࢺࡶ㛗ᮇⓗࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦IPCC, 2013㸧㸬ᑗ᮶ࡢᾏỈ‽ୖ᪼࡟ࡼࡗ࡚

࡞᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬Ỉ῝ࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ሁ✚✵㛫ᣑ኱㸦Collins et al., 2017;⤖ㄽ

Morris et al., 2002; Woodroffe et al., 2016㸧࡜ᗏ㠃ࡏࢇ᩿ᛂຊపῶ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᅵ◁ሁ✚ࡢ࣏ࢸࣥࢩࣕࣝࡣୖࡀࡿ࡜⪃ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪໭ᾏ㐨ᮾ㒊ࡢἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦ࡛᥇ྲྀࡋࡓሁ✚࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸦ᅗ㸧㸬ᚑࡗ࡚༑ศ࡞ᅵ◁౪⤥ࡀ࠶ࡿሙ࡛

≀ࢥ࢔ࢆᆅ㉁Ꮫ࣭⏕≀ᆅ⌫໬Ꮫⓗ࡟ศᯒ࣭ゎᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡜

ࡣ⥅⥆ⓗ࡞᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃ࡀぢ㎸ࡵࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬㏫ᅗ ἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࡢつᐃせᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᴫᛕᅗ㸬- 22 -

ἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࡢつᐃせᅉ࡟ᅵ◁౪⤥ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ㸪ᾏỈ‽ୖ᪼࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ỉ῝ࡀኚ໬ἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕⏘ࡉࢀࡓ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪⣔ෆࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ሙ࡛ࡣ᳜⏕ᇦࡢ෌㓄⨨ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ㸬ᾏⲡ⸴ሙ࡟ᇙἐࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⣔እ࡟㍺㏦ࡉࢀ㸪࡝࡛ࡣỈ῝ࡢቑຍ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᭱㐺࡞ග㔞ࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ

ࡢ⛬ᗘ⣔እ࡛ሁ✚ࡍࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ㔜せ࡞␲ၥ࡜ࡋ

࡜ᾏⲡࡀᾘኻࡋ㸪᳜⏕ࡢ࡞࠸ᾏᗏ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺

࡚ṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᇶ㉁ࡀᒾ┙ࡸேᕤᵓ㐀≀࡛࠶ࡿ኱ᆺᾏ

㸦Mazarrasa et al., 2018㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ሷᛶ‵ᆅࡸ࣐ࣥࢢ࣮ࣟ

⸴࡞࡝࡛ࡣ≉࡟㔜せ࡞Ⅳ⣲ࣇ࣮࡛ࣟ࠶ࡿ㸬ᇶ♏⏕⏘㔞ࡢࣈ㸪ᖸ₲࡞࡝ࡢ₻㛫ᖏࡣỈἐࡋ࡚₻ୗᖏ࡟⛣⾜ࡍࡿ࠺ࡕᾏⲡ࡛ࡣ5%⛬ᗘ㸪኱ᆺᾏ⸴࡛ࡣ10%⛬ᗘࡀ⸴ሙእ࡛㸦Craft et al., 2009; Kirwan and Megonigal, 2013; Lovelock㛗ᮇⓗ࡟኱Ẽ࠿ࡽ㝸㞳ࡉࢀࡿ࡜ヨ⟬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ◊✲౛

et al., 2015㸧㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪ᅵ◁ሁ✚࡟ࡼࡿᆅ┙㧗ࡢ⥔ᣢࡀࡣ 㝈 ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦 Duarte and Krause-Jensen, 2017;୙༑ศ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ᾏỈ‽ୖ᪼࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᳜⏕ᇦࡢศᕸᵓ

Krause-Jensen and Duarte, 2016㸧㸬㐀ࡣ㝣ഃ࡬⛣ືࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪㝣ഃᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣᅵ◁ࡢᛶ㉁ࡀ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࡢつᐃせᅉ࡟ேᕤᵓ㐀≀㸦ㆤᓊࡸ㜵Ἴሐ➼㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣἢᓊ

ࡢ1ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦࡢ㐀ᡂᮦᩱ࡜ࡋ

᳜⏕ᇦࡢศᕸࡀࡑࡇ࡛ไ㝈ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺㸦Doody, 2004㸧㸬࡚㸪ὼࡑࡢࡓࡵ₻ୖᖏ㹼₻ୗᖏࡲ࡛ࡢ᳜⏕࡜ேᕤᵓ㐀≀ࡶྵ⢏≀➼㸧࡞࡝ࡢࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝᮦࡢ฼ά⏝ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡵࡓᗈ࠸ࢫࢣ࣮࡛ࣝࡢィ⏬࣭タィࡀ㸪ἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦࡢ᭷ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝᮦࡢ≉ᛶ㸦⢏ᚄ㸪ẚ⾲㠃✚㸪ྵ᭷ඖᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃ᶵ⬟ࡢᣢ⥆ⓗாཷ࡟ࡣ㔜せ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬⣲➼㸧ࡀ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡢ࠿᳨

ᅵ◁ࡸ⏘ᴗⓎ⏕๪⏘≀㸦〇㗰ࢫࣛࢢࡸ▼Ⅳ⅊㐀ドࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣ㐀ᡂᢏ⾡ࡢ㧗ᗘ໬࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬࣭↓ᶵ㖔≀ࡢሁ✚㏿ᗘ࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪↓ᶵ㖔≀ࡢ⢏ᚄࡶ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ㸦ᅗ㸹㸹㸧㸬⢏ᚄࡀ⣽࠿ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃ᶵ⬟࡟╔┠ࡋ㸪ࡇࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ㧗࠸࡯࡝༢఩య✚࠶ࡓࡾ࡟㈓␃ࡉࢀࡿ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㔞ࡣከ࠸ࡵࡿ⎔ቃ᮲௳ࡢᢳฟࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᐇ㝿࡟ἢᓊ᳜⏕ࡓࡵ㸪ࢩࣝࢺ࣭⢓ᅵࡀ㈓ࡲࡾࡸࡍ࠸㟼✜࡞ሙࡢ᪉ࡀ᭷

ᇦࡢ㐀ᡂ࣭෌⏕࣭ಖ඲ࢆ⾜࠺㝿࡟ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀ௨እࡢ⏕ែ⣔ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃࡟ࡣ㐺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪᳜⏕ࡢᏑᅾࡣὶື

ᶵ⬟㸦㣗ᩱ౪⤥㸪⏕≀ࡢ⏕ᜥሙ㸪Ỉ㉁ί໬㸪ᩥ໬ⓗࢧ࣮᢬ᢠ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚᧠஘ࢆᢚ࠼ࡿࡓࡵ㸦ⱱᮌࡽ, 2016㸧㸪ࢩࣝࣅࢫ➼㸧࡟ࡶ␃ពࡋ㸪ࢥ࣋ࢿࣇ࢕ࢵࢺࢆ≺࠺ࡢࡀ୍⯡ⓗࢺ࣭⢓ᅵࡀ㈓ࡲࡾࡸࡍ࠸㟼✜࡞⎔ቃࡢᙧᡂ࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿ

࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⏕ែ⣔ᶵ⬟㛫࡟ࡣࢺ࣮ࣞࢻ࢜ࣇࡢ㛵ಀ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸦Miyajima et al., 2017㸧㸬ࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃࡟╔┠ࡍࢀࡤᅵ◁ࡢ⢏ᚄࡣ⣽࠿࠸࡯࡝᭷ᶵⅣ⣲ࢆ⵳࠼ࡿࡀ㸪◁㉁ࡢᆅ

࠶࡜ࡀࡁ

┙ࢆዲࡴ⏕≀࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ㈇ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ⏕ែ⣔ᶵ⬟㛫ࡢࢺ࣮ࣞࢻ࢜ࣇࡸࢩࢼࢪ࣮࡟ࡘ
࠸࡚ࡣᐃ㔞ⓗ࡞⌮ゎࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀࣂࣛࣥࢫࡢྲྀࢀ

ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࢆつࡓィ⏬࣭タィ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᐃࡍࡿせᅉࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ሁ✚≀ࢥ࢔ࡢヲ⣽࡞ゎᯒࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ㸬᭷ᶵⅣ⣲ࡢ㉳※᥎ᐃ࡜ሁ✚ᖺ௦᥎ᐃࢆ

‴⾜ᨻ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶẼೃኚື࡬ࡢᑐᛂࡣႚ⥭ࡢㄢ㢟࡜⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ⎔࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ୰࡛྾཰※ᑐ⟇࡜ࡋ࡚ἢᓊ᳜⏕ᇦࡢ㐀ቃ᮲௳ࢆᢳฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡓ㸬≉࡟᳜⏕ᇦ㸪Ỉ῝㸦┦ᡂ➼ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᵝࠎ࡞⏕ែ⣔ᶵ⬟࡜ࡢࢥ࣋ࢿࣇ࢕ࢵ

ᑐⓗᾏỈ‽㸧
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࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆᐃ㔞ホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࢆ㐀ᡂ࣭෌⏕࣭ཎᏘ⧊Ặ㸪ዟ㔝ᙬ⨾Ặ࡟ࡈຓຊࢆ㡬࠸ࡓ㸬ᮏ◊✲ࡢ୍㒊ࡣ㸪JSPS⛉◊㈝㸦JP24656316㸪JP26630251㸪

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Ώ㎶ ㅬኴ࣭ᡤ ❧ᶞ࣭⏣ከ ୍ྐ࣭㛛㇂ ⱱ࣭᱓Ụ ᮅẚ࿅⏝ㄒࣜࢫࢺ
ᾏⲡ⸴ሙ㸸ᾏⲡࡢ⩌ⴠሷᛶ‵ᆅ㸸₻ộࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿ‵ᆅ࢚ࣥࢻ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮㸸᭷ᶵ≀㉳※᥎ᐃࣔࢹࣝࡢ➃ᡂศᾏὒࣜࢨ࣮ࣂ࣮ຠᯝ㸦ǻR㸧㸸ᾏὒࡢ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲ࡀྠࡌᖺ௦
࡟⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡓ㝣ୖࡢ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲࡟ẚ࡭࡚ྂ࠸ᖺ௦ࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜┦ᑐⓗᾏỈ‽㸸ᾏ㠃࡜ᆅ┙㧗࡛ỴᐃࡉࢀࡿᾏỈ‽ሁ✚✵㛫㸸ᅵ◁ࡀሁ✚࡛ࡁࡿ✵㛫ሁ✚≀ࢥ࢔㸸ᰕ≧࡟᥇ྲྀࡋࡓሁ✚≀ヨᩱ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㏿ᗘ㸦ࣇ࣮ࣟ㸧㸸᫬㛫࠶ࡓࡾ࡟᪂ࡓ࡟㈓␃
ࡉࢀࡿ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲ࡢ㔞᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㔞㸦ࢫࢺࢵࢡ㸧㸸㈓␃ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲ࡢ⌧Ꮡ㔞ᆅୖ㒊㸸ᾏⲡࡢᆅୖ࡟ฟ࡚࠸ࡿⴥ㒊ᆅୗ㒊㸸ᾏⲡࡢᆅୗⱼࡸ᰿₻ộࢳࣕࢿࣝ㸸₻ộ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓỈ㊰≧ࡢᆅᙧἾⅣᒙ㸸ᯤṚࡋࡓ‵ᆅ᳜≀࡞࡝ࡀ⵳✚ࡋࡓሁ✚ᒙᗏ㠃ࡏࢇ᩿ᛂຊ㸸ᗏ㠃࡟స⏝ࡍࡿእຊᚤ⣽⸴㢮㸸᳜≀ࣉࣛࣥࢡࢺࣥཬࡧᗏ⏕ᚤ⣽⸴㢮᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㔞࢖ࣥ࣋ࣥࢺࣜ㸸᭷ᶵⅣ⣲㈓␃㔞ࡢ⾲ᒙ࠿ࡽࡢ✚⟬Pbex ࢖ࣥ࣋ࣥࢺࣜ㸸 210Pbex ࡢ⾲ᒙ࠿ࡽࡢ✚⟬210

Corg㸸᭷ᶵⅣ⣲
DBD㸸Dry Bulk Density㸪஝⇱࠿ࡉᐦᗘ
į13C㸸Ⅳ⣲Ᏻᐃྠ఩యẚ
SAR㸸Sediment Accretion Rate㸪ᅵ◁ሁ✚㏿ᗘ
TerrOM㸸㝣ᇦ⏤᮶᭷ᶵ≀- 28 -