Role of CCS in Sustainable Energy Future
Kenji Yamaji
Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the EarthCCS Workshop
January 18, 2012
@Tokyo, JapanKenji Yamaji 120118

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Climate Change in Sustainability Perspectives● ” Sustainability” is an essential keyword for the 21st century. WSSD (2002)
adopted five areas: WEHAB. Among them, energy and global warming are
critical themes to be tackled in order to achieve a sustainable society.
●International Energy Agency (IEA) predicts further increase of energy
demands particularly in developing regions.
●The 4th IPCC Assessment Report shows warning of temperature rises for the2000-2100 period, ranging 1.1C to 6.4C.
●There are growing concerns over the long-term depletion of energy resources,
such as “cheap oil”. On the other hand, Fukushima Disaster shadowed the role ofnuclear power.
●It is important to understand these issues from a comprehensive perspective
and tackle with global warming, while endeavoring to maintain economic growthand enhance human welfare.
Kenji Yamaji 120118

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Structure of Response Measures

Mitigation(CCS)
Geo-engineering

Adaptation

Kenji Yamaji 120118

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60Power sector: CCS

Energy-related CO2 emissions and reductions(GtCO2/yr)

Baseline emission:
57 GtCO2/yr

17%

Power sector: renewable energies

14%

Power sector: nuclear power

40

15%

30

11%
5%
12%

Power sector: efficiency improvement& fuel switching among fossil fuels
Other energy conversion sector

50

20Halving global emission：
13 GtCO2/yr

1002000

Residential & commercial sector

9%1%Transportation sector

16%

Industrial sector: CCS
Industrial sector: efficiency
improvement & fuel switching
Net CO2 emission

2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

Role of CCS in Deep Cut of Global CO2 Emission
Source: K. Yamaji and K. Akimoto: CCS for Global Warming Mitigation
RITE (ed.), New Development of CCS Technologies, CMC Shuppan, 2011

Kenji Yamaji 120118

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Energy Technology Scenarios
IEA ETP2008: “ACT scenarios” global CO2 emissions from energy sector is reduced
to current levels by 2050. “BLUE scenarios” to 50%

Kenji Yamaji 111122, Abu Dhabi

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Energy Technology Perspectives 2008 (IEA)
Kenji Yamaji 120118

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Importance of Electricity Sector• More than 40% of primary energy is used for power generation• Electricity can be produced from variety of energy resources, notably
from non carbon resources• CCS can be applied to fossil power plants• Electricity is clean and efficient in end-use• Efficient supply of low temp. heat by heat pumps• Prospects for electric vehicle (PHEV,EV)
But,• Difficulty in large and long distance transmission• Stability of supply (voltage, frequency)：→smart grid?
• Difficulty for mobile use：→batteries？
Kenji Yamaji 120118

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(being reviewed)

Kenji Yamaji 120118

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Kenji Yamaji 120118

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Fukushima Disaster on March 11, 2011BeforeAfter

Kenji Yamaji 111122, Abu Dhabi

10Fundamental Objectives of Energy Policy
Damaged Points by Fukushima Disaster

3E
Energy Security(semi-)domestic resources, upstream investment, reserve, nuclear
fuel cycle, diplomacy …

Economics/Growthgreen innovation/growth, export of systems, energy service co. …
＋review of power costs

Environment

low carbon society, zero emission power, energy saving, CCS …

+Srisk of global warming

risk of low level radiation exposure

Safety (Trust?)

vs(scientific uncertainty)

skepticismvspublic concern

Kenji Yamaji 120118

11Power Generation Mix in 2030
Targets in current strategic energy plan
Renewables: 20%
Nuclear:50%

Fossil-fired: 30%

Impossible after Fukushima
20%? depending on the recovery of public trust on nuclear
safetyHow to fill the gap of reduced nuclear power?
1. Further energy savings: ambitious targets are incorporated in current strategic energy plan
→ behavioral change using ICT as well as efficiency improvements
2. More renewables: PV: 53GW and wind power10GW in current strategic energy plan →power system stability issue → smart grid?; more geothermal, more small hydro, morebiomass by FIT policy
3.Clean use of fossil fuels: notably natural gas, clean coal incl. CCS, international
applications of Japanese efficient technologies
Kenji Yamaji 120118

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Concept of CCS
Separation/Capture

Transport

Injection

Injection

Onshoreaquifer

Large scale
emission source
Offshoreaquifer

CO2２
ＣＯKenji Yamaji 120118

CＣＯ
２O2
CO21313CCS Status： Roadmap
2010

2020

2030

●Technology establishment
Capture Cost：4200JPY/tCO2→2000sJPY/ｔCO2

CaptureSuccessive Cost reduction
Extended applicable gassesChemicalabsorption

Pre-combustion 1500JPY/tCO2→1000sJPY/tCO2
Successive Cost reduction
Extended applicable gasses

MembraneOthers

Storage

Basic research
Application study

Successive Cost reduction
Extended applicable gasses● Technology establishment●Full-scaled Implementation

GeologicalStorage

Safety Assessment
Confidence building

Increase Storage sites
Cost reduction

Demonstration
Kenji Yamaji 120118

1AUS$=82.5JPY

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Nagaoka Project (CO2 Geological Storage)[CO2 Injection site][Target of the project]
Verification of CO2 Storagein Complex Geology of Japan

CO 2 Storage tank

[Pilot test overview]

CO 2 Injection pump

CO2 injection period

Nagaoka

Evaporator

Site

CO2 injected amount about 10,400 t-CO2

CO 2 Injectionwell[Outline of injection experiment ]CO2 injection rate

20 to 40 t-CO2/day

CO2 source

purchased commercial CO2Monitoring

well logging, crosswell seismic
tomography, microseismicity,formation water sampling, etc.

[Well configuration]【Simulated CO2 distribution】

Logging

Injection
well

Observation
well

Observation well 4

観
観
測測井
井

Jul. 2003 to Jan. 2005

圧
圧
入入井
井

60 m

LiquidCO22タンク
tunk
液化COHeaterPump

ヒータ ポンプ

液化炭酸ガス
LiquidCO2 Rolly
輸送ローリーground surface
地表Caprock (layer
ｷｬｯﾌﾟﾛｯｸ泥岩 )液体や気体をThickness：
通さない層
１４０ｍ
（厚さ約１４０ｍ）

帯水層（砂岩）帯水層
Salineaquifer
深部地下塩水層：約６０ｍ

Observation well 3
Logging

120 m

Observation well 240 m
Logging

１００ｍ

As圧入終了時
Injection stopped

Injection well 1[CO2 monitoring ]Injection depth ： 1.100m
深度約1,100m
Injection layer: Zone-2
圧入層：Zone-2(unticline structure)
Layer thickness:12m（背斜構造）
Inclination:15°（ 層厚：12m ）（傾斜：１５°）
Porosity:20%（孔隙率：約20%、浸透率：約7md）
Permeability:7md

CO2１００ｍ

After1,000 years
１０００年後深部地下塩水層：約６０ｍ

CO2 Injectedlayer
CO 圧入部

2Pressure:11.3Mpa,
Temperature:47℃
2
地圧：11.3MPa、地温：47℃

圧入CO(crosswell seismictomography)

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Development of Safety Assessment Technology
Reservoir Evaluation

Analysis of CO2 Leakage

Geological Modeling

Leakage
Scenario
GeologicalModel

CO2 Monitoring
Simulation of
CO2 Behavior

Simulation ofCO2 Leakage

History Matching

Environmental
Impact Analysis

Risk Analysis

Analysis of CO2 BehaviourLong Term CO2Behavior Estimation

BPM & ISOfor Storage andits Safety Analysis

CO2 Risk Analysis

Objectives
BPM: Best Practice Manual, ISO: International Organization for Standardization

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CCS Demonstration Project Phase
Fiscal Year*200809101112 -Investigation Phase

Demonstration Phase

METI
Development of Assessment Technologies
Subsidized and Site Screening for Large-scale CCS Demonstrations
Project

METI Commissioned Project“Demonstration of CO2 Reduction Technology”

NEDO Commissioned Project
Feasibility Study – CCS Total System
CO2 capture at IGCC and store at an offshore depleted gas field
Kenji Yamaji 120118

Today

17JCCSGeological Survey at Tomakomai Candidate Site

Tomakomai CitySurvey
WellSurvey well(2010)

Survey well (2011)

3D Seismic(2009)
3D Seismic(2010)

Currently a geological evaluation
is being carried out and a basic
plan for a large-scale CCS
demonstration is being
completed for this site.

5km
Kenji Yamaji 120118

18JCCS5. International Cooperation of RITE
GHGT-11

CanadaWeyburn-Midale Project
AQUISTORE Projects

18-22, November, 2012
Kyoto

Kyoto International Conference. Center
Organized by RITE andIEA-GHG R&D Programme

EuropeJapan-EU CCS Expert
Meeting

RITE

QICS Project (UK)CO2 Field Lab (Norway)
RITE-NTNU (Norway)

R&D
of CO2 Capture& CO2 geological storage

China

FS on IZECOrganizationIEA-GHG R&D
IEA

CSLF

USA
Japan-US collaboration
LBNL

SECARBMETL (Capture)

CSLF Project
DOE

NETL

Stanford Univ. (GCEP)

CCS-EOR collaboration
CNPC

Australia
Indonesia
Collaboration on CCS
LEMIGASPERTAMINAITBTEAPOTDOME

MOUNTAINEERGCCSI (Global CCS Institute)

Callide Project
CSIRO (Loy Yang Power)

GHGT-11- 11th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies November 2012 - Kyoto will welcome experts in greenhouse gas control technologies from across the world!

1. Dates: Sun. 18 – Thur. 22 November, 2012

2. Venue: Kyoto International Conference Center, Japan

3. Organizers : RITE & IEAGHG
4. Call for Paper open : Late-September, 2011

GHGT-10 Plenary session

Themes are: Capture; Geo Storage; Other Storage; Industrial sources; Transport; Negative CO2; CO2 utilisation options;
Demonstration; Tech Assess & Integration; Commercial Issues; Public Perception; Policies; Legal & Regulatory;
Education, training, and capacity building

5. On-line Conference Registration
Early Bird open: Late-April 2012

6. Programme Overview
Sun.Nov. 18
AMPMNight/ Late on-line registration: Late-July 2012 – November 17th, 2012

( Subject to change)

Mon. Nov. 19Tues. Nov.20

Wed. Nov.21

Thurs. Nov.22

Welcome and Keynote
Address

Plenary Session

Plenary Session

Plenary Session

Technical Session 4

Technical Session 7

Technical Session 10

Technical Session 1

Technical Session 5

Technical Session 8

Technical Session 11

Technical Session 2

Poster Session A

Poster Session B

Panel Discussion

Technical Session 3

Technical Session 6

Technical Session 9

Closing Session

NetworkingReception

Conference DinnerRegistrationand Welcome
Reception

7. Website http://www.ghgt.info/!!! Sponsors are now being sought !!!

GHGT-10 :Poster session

Thank you for your attention!
Join us on GHGT-11, in Kyoto, 2012 !

財団法人 地球環境産業技術研究機構
Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth

URL：http://www.rite.or.jp22⑫22