Total
全吸収型ハドロン
Measurement
カロリメータHadroncalorimeter
event by event based analysis
竹下徹 (信州大)
for 全吸収カロリメータ@ 東北大with ﬁne samplings
T.Takeshita

1Total ABS.CAL2015

Hadron measurement• H interaction length ~10cm
heavy mat.
>> X0 ~1cm radiation
length for EM interaction•

localized

once a π0 produced EM
shower emerges
EEM>>Epi+-EM shower• nuclear interactions charged pi’s look like MIPs
Epi is small for Etotal
and neutrons• photons
e-/e+protondelayed signals

evaporation/spallation
T.Takeshita

2Total ABS.CAL2015

dE vs layer

shower & nuclear
excited gamma
conversion

steel 20mm+sc.5mm

k• simulation dE/layer• QGSP̲BERT• proton contribution• e+/e- from EMG4simulationdE/layer(sum)

5GeV π-energy deposit /layer
1 color code
black: total
3 green; protongreenheavy: proton
7 air-blue:ion cyan : heavy ion: electron
2 redred; electrons: pi+4 blueblue: pi+-depth:layer #T.Takeshita

3Total ABS.CAL2015

CALICE AHCAL〈 Erec 〉 [MIP] / Δ λI

experimental data

8 GeV

0.12DATAsystFTFP_BERTe+eπp0.1

•
8GeV
pions
incident:
8&18GeV•depth (λI)• longitudinal shower proﬁle : zshower starting point• (1) electrons from π & nuclear ex.
• (2) protons
18GeV• (3) charged pions ~ MIP(steel20mm+sc.5mm) x 38layers 0.08

CALICE Fe-AHCAL

0.06
0.04
0.02

12345

MC / DATAz [λI]〈 Erec 〉 [MIP] / Δ λI

FTFP̲BERT model Geant4

0.12

08 GeVDATAsyst
FTFP_BERTe+eπp0.1

0.08

T.Takeshita

5MC / DATA

0.02

4DATAsystFTFP_BERTe+eπp

QGSP_BERTCALICE Fe-AHCALQGSP_FTFP_BERT
QBBCsyst

0.50.04• JINST 8,2013,1 P07005
234

CALICE Fe-AHCAL
18 GeV

1CALICE Fe-AHCAL

0.06

1.501

235z λint

1.5

1CALICE Fe-AHCAL

23

depth from shower start pointz [λI]41

4Total ABS.CAL2015

5z [λI]event by event• simulation : longitudinally ﬁne
segmented calorimeter• QGSP̲BERT̲HP• found spikes• high dE in a layer• due to protons

dE/layer(~MIP)

5GeV πa proton
black: total
green : proton
cyan : heavy ion
red : electrons
blue : pi+-layer num.

5GeV πT.Takeshita

steel20mm+sc.5mm

5Total ABS.CAL2015

a spike in H-int.

• a simulated event• positive charged recoil• proton from np>pn• spallation neutron• timing ~0• Tn~Tp~50MeV

spallation neutro

blue track is positively charged

Fesci.

evaporated neutrons come later

green tracks are neutrals
T.Takeshita

6

Total ABS.CAL2015

Total absorption• think of a long scintillator tower• all slow neutron/protons
contributemuch seriousEM shower• dEdx is huge /proton• numbers a lot• timing may be (very) slow
T.Takeshita

7

Total ABS.CAL2015

Another solution• Yet totally active CAL : total abs.
• concept is to separate EM andneutron/proton contribution•• neutron/proton : scintillator• sampling calorimeter

scintillator

EM : Cherenkov light in absorber

T.Takeshita

8

heavy
transparent
activeabsorber

Total ABS.CAL2015

Cherenkov light• EM shower

well localized in small area

detection inabsorber

5GeVπ- into Pb10+sc.5 HCAL~num. Cherenkov photon

Lead Glass• utilizing
Cherenkov lightdet.

• correlation seenlow probability
T.TakeshitadE in scintillator~MIPS
9Total ABS.CAL2015

Cherenkov abs.
• in sandwich CAL. Cherenkov
detection at least a MIP• large Z abs. is desired• Cherenkov lights~(1-1/n )/λ LG scintillator• large n, low λ is favorable• must be transparent in visible
2

2

light region for photo-sensor• photo-sensor must be thin

T.Takeshita

10

Total ABS.CAL2015

Lead Glass• Lead Glass used for ECAL
• n=1.8, ρ〜5.4• transparent >360nm• Cherenkov photons ~1/λ• reduce Cherenkov-photons

3cmx3cmx4cm

2T.Takeshita

11transparent

Total ABS.CAL2015

Lead Glass• MPPC 3x3 mm2 detectCR• ~5 p.e./MIP• lack of photon yield• continue study

3cmx3cmx4cm

pedestal
T.Takeshita

12ADC
Total ABS.CAL2015

homogeneous scinti.
• non sampling calorimeterheavy• no lateral segmentation
scinti.
• once pizero prod. huge signal
photosensor• Cherenkov light produced• fast signal and short λ• slow scintillator and long λby timing or ﬁlter• separate
heavy scintillator such as LSO is expensive
in any case

T.Takeshita

13

Total ABS.CAL2015

homogeneous scinti.
••

photo sensor

ECherenkov/Escintillator = 1: all π0
sc-PMT

heavyscinti.

an event

Ch-PMT

100GeV πEsc/Ein

sc-MPPCsim

all π0Ch.-MPPC+ﬁlter

average
sc-PMT

poor π0

Ch-PMT
Adam Para
sc-MPPC
T.Takeshita

Ch.-MPPC+ﬁlter
14

Ech/Esc
Total ABS.CAL2015

summary & outlook• hadron energy measurement• neutrons by low energy protons >>>spikesdelayed contributions•• Cherenkov detection in absorber• need to develop technique to measure
EM components due to π0

Cherenkov by PPD

T.Takeshita

15Total ABS.CAL2015

<E> /MIPs•707012 GeV π - QGSP_BERT7012 GeV π - QGSP_BERT_TRV7012 GeV π - QGSP_FTFP_BERT

12 GeV π - FTFP_BERT60606060505050504040404030303030202020201010101000<E> /MIPs

G4-H-modeles
JINST 5P05007
1020304050
Depth

70001020304050
Depth

7012 GeV π -001020304050
Depth

70-12 GeV π QGSP_BIC
60606050505050404040403030303020202020101010101020304050
Depth

001020304050
Depth0020304050
Depth

12 GeV π - FTF_BIC

12 GeV π QGS_BIC

60001070-LHEP

00others
protons
electrons
positronsmesonsMonte Carlo : all
CALICE

1020304050
Depth

001020304050
Depth

Figure 14. Longitudinal energy profiles for 12 GeV π − data (shown as points), compared with simulations
using different physics lists. The mean energy in MIPs is plotted against the depth after the initial interaction,in units of effective 1.4 mm tungsten layers. The total depth shown corresponds to ∼ 20 X0 or 0.8 λint. . The
breakdown of the Monte Carlo into the energy deposited by different particle categories is also indicated.
16
Total ABS.CAL2015
T.Takeshitasimulation	

Birks’ low
20GeV pi- with longitudinal segmentation

HADRON CAL.
Energy Deposit in layer

one event

160
140

Edep
Entries
100
Mean
30.24
RMS
16.7

120

deposit Energy/ev/l [MeV]

deposit Energy/ev/l [MeV]

Energy Deposit in layer

one event90
8070603 green ; proton50
7 air-blue: heavyion
4030
2 red ; electrons
4 blue : pi+-! 201008060
402000

Edep
Entries
100
Mean
54.62
RMS
20.76

101020304050

6070800090
100
Layer Number

10203040

Energy Deposit in layer

奥行き層数
deposit Energy/ev/l [MeV]

Edep
Entries
100
Mean
32.33
RMS
21.79

30000

60

708090100
Layer Number

奥行き層数1000ev sum

25000

proton！

20000

e+e-50

total

proton

15000

10000

5000

T.Takeshita

001020304050

1760

708090100
Layer Number

Total ABS.CAL2015

event dataAHCAL events• CALICE
experimental data
• without selection
spikesteel20mm+sc.5mm

Figure 2. Left: segmentation of a sensitive layer of the AHCAL. The size of the scintillator tile
towards the outer region. Right: schematic view of the active layers of the AHCAL.

spike

32GeV pi-Temperature sensors placed inside the detector in correspondence to each modu
temperature changes with an accuracy better than 0.6 ◦ C .
htemp

htemp
layer {(e)*(nevt==10002)}
Entries
Entries364
MeanMean
21.61 502.3 The TCMTRMSRMS
6.265
The TCMT is positioned downstream with respect to the AHCAL in order to absorb theshowers leaking out of the AHCAL. The TCMT has a lateral size of 109 × 109 cm2 and40in depth, corresponding to 5.8 λI . It consists of two sections, a fine one and a coarse
section has 8 sensitive layers, alternating with steel absorbers. The absorber plates are 2 c
the fine section and 10 cm thick in the coarse section. The sensitive layers are 0.5 cm thisegmented into 5 cm wide and 1 m long scintillator strips, with alternating horizontal a30
orientation in adjacent layers. The scintillation light is collected by WLS fibers and dSiPMs, as for the AHCAL prototype.

layer {(e)*(nevt==10001)}

mips

mips

120
1008060203 Calibration

40

As typical of semiconductor devices, SiPMs are sensitive to temperature and bias voltag

10that affect most of their performance parameters [7]. Moreover, SiPMs show saturation e

2000510T.Takeshita

15202530

35

to the finite number of pixels and the finite pixel recovery time. One of the main technic
the AHCAL prototype is to show that these effects can be handled over a large number o0The calibration chain is described in [9]. It proceeds through the following steps:

40
layer

layer num.

05101520253035• inter-cell equalization of the response;

18

layer

layer num.
Total ABS.CAL2015• calibration of the SiPM signal and correction for the non-linear response;spikes in liq./gas• liq. Ar has spikes: spallation protons
5GeVπ• no spikes in gas detector
Fe25+gasAr5

Pb10+LiqAr5

Energy Deposit in layer

EdeEntries
MeanRMS

EdepEntries
1000.14Mean
19.89
RMS
13.12
deposit Energy/ev/l [MeV]

deposit Energy/ev/l [MeV]

Energy Deposit in layer
403530250.12energy deposit /layer !
black: total !
green : proton!
cyan : heavy ion!
red : electrons!
blue : pi+-

0.1
0.08

200.0615
100.04

50.02

00

10

T.Takeshita

2030

40

50

60

layer num.

70

80

090
0 100
Layer Number

191020

30

4050

60

70

80

90
1
Layer Number

layer num.
Total ABS.CAL2015

how to avoid spikes• a 5GeV pion event : 3 spikes EMshower atfrom proton Pb10+sc.5mm
an event~mips

layer=30

1 total!
3 green ; proton!
7 air-blue: heavy ion!
2 red ; electrons!
4 blue : pi+-

red~Nphotons in abs. layer
EM shower indicator
scintillator layer

layer num.
T.Takeshita

20Total ABS.CAL2015