Synergies of REDD+ andBiodiversity
International Workshop on REDD +A new framework for conservation of tropical forests:
monitoring, biodiversity and practices
Nagoya, 25 October 2010
Eduardo Mansur
International Tropical Timber Organization, ITTO

Outline• Understanding the “plus”• Linking Biodiversity and REDD+• When REDD+ & Biodiversity conservation aremutually supportive?
• When REDD+ may threaten Biodiversity?
• Why safeguards are important?
• What can we do? What is ITTO doing?
• Conclusions
Based on outcomes of the Global Expert Workshop on REDD-plus
Biodiversity Benefits, Nairobi, Kenya, 20-23 September 2010

Forests emit GHG

Forests are vulnerable

Forests and climate changeREDD+ Definition(UNFCCC- Bali Action Plan, 2007)“Developing policy approaches and positive
incentives on issues relating to reducing
emissions from deforestation and forest
degradation in developing countries; and the role of conservation,
 sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks
in developing countries”.

Understanding the “plus”• REDD + : Reducing emissions fromdeforestation and forest degradationsplus
Direct impact onforest biodiversity> Conservation of forest carbon stocks> Sustainable management of forests> Enhancement of forest carbon stocks

Reducingemissions

Storing
CO2

Mechanism
management
Mitigation
Options ForestinFLCM
alternatives

Target(1) Maintain existing forests
e.g.: Improve law compliance,
establish new protected areas,account the full value of the forestsand promote payment forenvironmental services (PES) toretain forests, avoid forest fires, etc(2) Rehabilitate degraded forests

ReduceRED
Deforestation

ReduceDegradation

REDD

Restoration andrehabilitation ofdegraded areas

Recovercarbon
Pools

Establish newcarbon pools

A/R CDM(outsideforests)(“second D”)

REDD+Mitigation
strategies

Multipurpose forest management,
community-based forest
management, increasing forest stock(enrichment plantating), PES for
ecological rehabilitation, etc(3) Establish new forests
Plantation forests, agroforestry, etc

Linking biodiversity and climate change“Biodiversity and climate change are
inextricably linked, not only because of thecurrent and expected future impacts ofinevitable climate change on biodiversity,
but also because of biodiversity’s essential
role in climate change mitigation andclimate change adaptation.”
UN General Assembly Resolution 64/203 of 14 December
2009, calling for enhanced cooperation of the RioConventions

Linking Biodiversity and REDD+
CBD Decision IX/5 - 3 (b) : Requests the Executive Secretary tocollaborate with the other members of the Collaborative Partnershipon Forests to support Parties efforts to address reducing emissions
from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries;
UNFCCC Decision 4/C.P. 15: Recognizes the importance ofpromoting sustainable management of forests and co-benefits,
including biodiversity, that may complement the aims and objectivesof national forest programmes and relevant international conventions
and agreements.
Various other Conventions and Agreements (ITTA 2006, CITES,CMS, RAMSAR, etc) recognize the multiple benefits of forests andthe need to enhance forest ecosystem services.

http://www.cbd.int/forest/pow.shtml

The CBD Programme of Work on Forest
Biodiversity
1. Conservation, Sustainable Use, Benefit-sharing
 increase sustainable management of forests
 implement ecosystem approach designate PAs
 restore degraded forests
 fight against forest fires
 invasive alien species
2. Institutional, Socio-economic Enabling Environment
 provide incentives for the use of sustainable practices (e.g., certification)
 develop good practices in forest law enforcement and governance (FLEG)
 ensure equitable ABS with indigenous and local communities
 clarify land tenure and resource rights
3. Knowledge, Assessment, Monitoring advance forest biodiversity assessment methods
 research forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning develop a general classification of forest at various scales improve the infrastructure for data and information management

When REDD+ and Biodiversity conservation
are mutually supportive?
•The permanent storage of carbon depends on well-functioning andresilient forest ecosystems. Hence REDD+ dependency on
biodiversity conservation as much as biodiversity conservation canbenefit from REDD+.

•Primary forests and other naturally regenerated forests are
generally more resilient (and stable, resistant, and adaptive) thanplanted forests.
• Biodiversity (at species, genetic and ecosystem level) supports
maintain forest ecosystem resilience and thus the longterm stability of the forest carbon stock.
•Increasing the biodiversity in planted and semi-naturalforests will have a positive effect on their resilience capacityand often on their productivity (including carbon storage).

When REDD+ may threaten Biodiversity?
The current biggest risk of REDD+ to biodiversity, indigenous peoples andlocal communities is that a well-designed REDD+ mechanism is not agreed
upon and, consequently, not successfully implemented.

Specific risks for biodiversity include:–––

The conversion of natural forests to plantations and other land uses of low
biodiversity value and low resilience; and the introduction of growing of
biofuel crops;
Displacement of deforestation and forest degradation to areas of lower
carbon value and high biodiversity value;
Increased pressure on non-forest ecosystems with high biodiversity value
Specific risks of REDD+ for indigenous peoples and local communities
include:––––The loss of traditional territories and restriction of land and natural
resource rights;
Lack of tangible benefits to indigenous peoples and local communities
and lack of equitable benefit sharing;Exclusion from designing and implementation of policies and measures;
Loss of traditional knowledge

Why safeguards are important?
Precautionary measures are needed to prevent negativeimpacts
If designed and implemented appropriately, safeguards will
reduce the risks and enhance the potential benefits ofREDD+, by ensuring, inter alia:





a holistic approach to forest carbon storage
avoided conversion of natural forests
full and effective participation of indigenous peoples
and local communities
appropriate baseline and reference scenarios
monitoring biodiversity impacts of REDD+

What can we do? (1)•National plans and national approaches will benefit from theintegration of climate change, biodiversity, and development
objectives and strategies. This requires effective cross-sectoral
coordination and harmonization of relevant policies and laws atnational level (agriculture, energy, environment, forests,biodiversity, and others), and integrated land use planning at thenational and local scale.
Successful implementation of REDD+ is dependent on transparent
and effective national governance structures.

••Support implementing CBD Programme of Work on Forest
Biodiversity will contribute to both REDD+ and biodiversity
conservation by:–––Encouraging the Parties to maximize the benefits for biodiversity, forexample through prioritizing the conservation of natural forests;
Supporting the work of the UNFCCC to operationalize safeguards
Developing a framework for monitoring the impacts of REDD+ onbiodiversity

What can we do?(2)•Capacity building efforts at all levels based on national needs
assessments, as well as information sharing, are required toachieve multiple benefits of REDD+, including through coordinatedefforts of the members of the Collaborative Partnership on Forestsand other organizations.

•Identifying and realizing multiple benefits can be supported throughthe application of:–––Spatially explicit tools, such as maps and ecological gap
analyses, to identify synergies and tradeoffs among climatechange, biodiversity, and social issues;
Valuation of multiple forest benefit e.g. trhough the results of“The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity” (TEEB)
process;
Design of social and environmental indicators for REDD+

What can we do?(3)•Key research and development needs in the context ofREDD+ multiple benefits include:––––––

Analysis of key drivers of biodiversity loss due todeforestation and forest degradation at the national andlocal level
The conditions for effective and equitable distribution
mechanisms
Criteria and indicators for monitoring multiple benefits
and safeguards
Spatially explicit support tools/maps, including information
on ecosystem services;
Socio-economic analyses of implementing REDD+
considering the full value of forests and multiple benefits
Reviewing and improving national biodiversity strategies
and action plans (NBSAPs) to reflect climate change issues

ITTO work related to REDD+• Projects to advance REDD+– REDDES Thematic Programme• Working with partners:– CBD/ITTO Initiative to support implementing the CBD
Programme of Work on Biodiversity in ITTO producer
member countries– Co-host (with CBD) the CPF Working Group toadvance a common message on SFM• Promoting PPP: Private Public Partnerships– Seven & i Holdings and Indonesia– METI/Marubeni feasibility study in Indonesia

ITTO REDDES Demonstration
Projects

1.

Monitoring Pan-Amazonian forest (Brazil)

2.

Social processes for SFM (Guatemala)3.

Resources assessment & monitoring (Guyana)

4.

Communities and PES (Peru)

5.

Carbon stock inventory (Dem Rep Congo)

6.

Collaborative management for REDD (Ghana)

7.

PES in degraded/secondary forests (China)

8.

SFM to enhance carbon stocks (Indonesia)

9.

REDD in south Sumatra peatland (Indonesia)

10. Voluntary carbon marketing scheme (ITTO)

Total allocation 2009: USD 4,000,000

Monitoring Pan-Amazonian Forest (Brazil)
Monitoring deforestation, logging and land use change
in the Pan Amazonian Forests

Executing Agency:
AMAZON
COOPERATION TREATY
ORGANIZATION (ACTO)

Duration & Budget:
4 Yrs (Mar 2010-Feb 2014)
Total: US$ 7.873.244
ITTO (1.050.320), ACTO(356.854), ACTO MEMBERCOUNTRIES (1.808.000),
OTHERS (FUNDOAMAZONIA; 4.658.070)

Eight ACTO Members Countries for the project

Monitoring Pan-Amazonian Forest(Brazil) (2)Outputs

Outputs 1:
National plans for the implementation of aforest cover monitoring system prepared
Outputs 2:
National Plans for forest cover monitoring
system implemented
Outputs 3:
Spaces for regional dialogue and coordination
on forest management harmonized andother C&I strengthened

Carbon Stock Inventory in DR Congo
Supporting UN-REDD
Executing Agency:
Dep of Inventory andForest Management(DIAF)

Duration & Budget:- 1 yr (Mar 2010-Feb 2011)- US$476,000
60 mil ha Production Forest in DR Congo
Project Outputs:
1) 70 - 80 technicians of the DIAF, DDD (and other partners)
are formed to execute the national forest carbon inventory2) Acquisition, set up and distribution of equipments tooperate the national forest carbon inventory
Technical guidance from the on-going ITTO Project“Multispectral Three-Dimensional Aerial Digital Imagery for Monitoring SFM in Congo”

SFM to enhance carbon stocks in Indonesia
Executing Agency:
DG of Forest Production Development, MoF
Duration & Budget:
2 yrs (April 2010-Mar 2012), US$535,000
Specific Objective:
To develop national strategy to maintain andincrease forest carbon stock through SFM
Completed ITTO project “Internal Monitoring of SFM Performance
at Forest Management Unit Level [PD 389/05 Rev. 2 (F)]” willcomplement

South Sumatra Peatland in Indonesia
Specific Objectives:to enhance conservation andrestoration of Peat Swamp Forest
ecosystems in South Sumatra
Expected Outputs:
I.

Institutional setting to prevent further
deforestation and forest degradation
II. Sound and applicable technology inrestoration and rehabilitation of PSF
III. Demonstration activities with theplantation of indigenous species

A Public-Private Partnership to promote REDD+A conservation project in Indonesia

Meru Betiri National Park, Java

Executing Agency:FORDA, MoF
Duration & ITTO
budget
4 yrs (Jan 2010-Dec 2014)
US$900,000

Ceremony at Indonesian Embassy(Tokyo, Oct 2009)24

Examples of REDD+ related projects of
ITTO and JICA are available at:

http://www.itto.int/technical_report/

The ITTO/IUCN
Guidelines for theconservation andsustainable use of
biodiversity in tropicaltimber production
forests•2009•11 Principles, 46
Guidelines•Priority actions

Furtherreading• CBD documents on
Biodiversity andREDD+ at:–
http://www.cbd.int/doc/?
meeting=EWREDD-01(Nairobi Workshop)–
http://www.cbd.int/doc/publications/for-redden.pdf (CBD/GTZpublication)

In conclusion:•If REDD+ is successful at reducing deforestation and forest degradation,and promoting forest conservation, it will have significant andunprecedented benefits for biodiversity.

•

A well designed REDD+ mechanism also has the potential to deliversignificant benefits to indigenous peoples and local communities.

•Multiple benefits of REDD+ are already being realized in many countries
that are taking REDD+ activities forward, e.g. through ITTO REDDES
projects and other initiatives to advance REDD+ and to assist countries
getting ready for REDD+.

•Both biodiversity and the full and effective participation of indigenous
peoples and local communities are necessary for the success of REDD+.

mansur@itto.int
www.itto.int
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