The Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia:
Reaching Out to the Public*
The Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia

T

he Khmer Rouge regime took power on 17 April 1975 and wasoverthrown on 7 January 1979. At least 1.7 million people are believed to have died from starvation, torture, execution and forcedlabor during this period of three years, eight months and twenty days. The
end of the Khmer Rouge period was followed by a civil war. That war finallyended in 1998 when the Khmer Rouge political and military structures weredismantled.
In 1997, the government requested the United Nations to assist in establishing a trial to prosecute the senior leaders of the Khmer Rouge. In
2001, the Cambodian National Assembly passed a law to create a court totry serious crimes committed during the Khmer Rouge period (1975-1979).
This court is called the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia(eccc) for the Prosecution of Crimes Committed during the Period of
Democratic Kampuchea. The government of Cambodia insisted that, for thesake of the Cambodian people, the trial should be held in Cambodia using
Cambodian staff and judges together with foreign personnel. The government of Cambodia invited international participation due to the weaknessof the Cambodian legal system and the international nature of the crimes, aswell as for assistance in meeting international standards of justice.
An agreement with the United Nations, detailing how the international
community would assist and participate in the Extraordinary Chambers,
was ultimately reached in June 2003. While this special court was createdby the Cambodian government and the United Nations, it is independentof them. It is a Cambodian court with international participation that applies international standards.
*
This article is drawn from the Court Report 2023 published by the Extraordinary
Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, and from various reports available in its website.

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HURIGHTS OSAKA

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H U M A N R I G H T S E D U C AT I O N I N A S I A - PA C I F I C · V O L U M E 1 3 , 2 0 2 3The eccc can only prosecute two categories of alleged perpetrators foralleged crimes committed between 17 April 1975 and 6 January 1979:
1. Senior leaders of Democratic Kampuchea; and2. Those believed to be most responsible for grave violations of national and international law.
The Cases at the eccc are:• Case 001:
Defendant: Kaing Guek Eav alias Duch
• Case 002 (Severed into Case 002/1 and Case 002/2):
Defendants: Khieu Samphan, Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary (deceased) andIeng Thirith (deceased)• Case 003:
Defendant: Meas Muth
• Case 004 (Severed into Case 004/1, 1 Case 004/2 and Case 004)2
Defendants: Yim Tith (Case 004), Im Chaem (Case 004/1) and Ao
An (Case 004/2)
CASE 0013
On 8 August 2008, Kaing Guek Eav alias Duch was indicted in Case001. The trial took place between 30 March and 17 September 2009. On
26 July 2010, the Trial Chamber found Duch guilty of crimes against humanity and grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions of 1949. He was sentenced to thirty-five years of imprisonment. On appeal, the Supreme Court
Chamber overturned the sentencing decision and sentenced Duch to life
imprisonment.
CASE 002
On 15 September 2010, four defendants were indicted in Case 002: Nuon
Chea, Khieu Samphan Ieng, Sary and Ieng Thirith. Proceedings against Ieng
Sary and Ieng Thirith were terminated following the former’s death and thelatter’s unfitness to stand trial. Case 002 was subsequently divided into two
trials. On 7 August 2014, in Case 002/1, Nuon Chea and Khieu Samphan
were found guilty of crimes against humanity and sentenced to life imprisonment. On 23 November 2016, the Supreme Court Chamber quashed partsof the trial judgement but confirmed the sentence of life imprisonment. The
evidentiary hearings of Case 002/2 against Nuon Chea and Khieu Samphan

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concluded on 11 January 2017 with the closing statements held from 13-22
June 2017.
On 7 August 2014, the Trial Chamber found Nuon Chea and Khieu
Samphan guilty of crimes against humanity, grave breaches of the Geneva
Conventions and genocide of the Vietnamese ethnic, national and racial
group. The Chamber additionally convicted Nuon Chea of genocide of theCham ethnic and religious group under the doctrine of superior responsibility. Both Nuon Chea and Khieu Samphan were sentenced to terms oflife imprisonment. The Chamber took into consideration the life sentences
imposed on Nuon Chea and Khieu Samphan in case 002/1 and merged thesentences in cases 002/1 and 002/2 into a single term of life imprisonment.
The decision of the Trial Chamber was appealed to the Supreme Court
Chamber.
On 23 November 2016, the Supreme Court Chamber issued its appeals judgement reversing some of the convictions, upholding the rest andconfirming the sentences of life imprisonment for crimes against humanity
against Nuon Chea and Khieu Samphan.
CASE 003
In March 2015, the International Co-Investigating Judge charged Meas
Muth in Case 003. On 2 June 2015, the investigation against another suspect, Sou Met, was terminated following his death. On 10 January 2017, theInternational Co-Investigating Judge concluded the judicial investigation inCase 003.
On 28 November 2018, the Co-Investigating Judges issued two separate
closing orders in the case against Meas Muth, due to a disagreement about
whether Meas Muth is subject to the eccc’s personal jurisdiction as a seniorleader or one of the persons most responsible for crimes committed during
the period of Democratic Kampuchea. Both Judges appealed their respective division to the Pre-Trial Chamber.
CASE 004
Three individuals have been charged in Case 004: Im Chaem, Ao An
and Yim Tith. Case 004 was subsequently severed into three case files, one
for each charged person. On 22 February 2017, the Co-Investigating Judges
dismissed Case 004/1 against Im Chaem. On 20 July 2017, the International
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closing order in Case 004/01 to the Pre-Trial Chamber. On 16 December
2016, the Co-Investigating Judges concluded investigation against Ao An in
Case 004/02 .
On 28 June 2019, the Co-Investigating Judges issued two separate closing orders in the case against Yim Tith, due to a disagreement about whether
Yim Tith is subject to the eccc’s personal jurisdiction as a senior leader
or one of the persons most responsible for crimes committed during theperiod of Democratic Kampuchea. Both Judges appealed their respective
division to the Pre-Trial Chamber.
Residual Functions
The eccc commenced residual functions on 1 January 2023. In concluding
judicial work, the Supreme Court Chamber upheld Khieu Samphan’s convictions for genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity in the Case002/2 Appeals Judgment. The decision marks the first time in which a national appeals court upheld a genocide conviction against a former head ofstate. Following the Appeals Judgment, the Supreme Court Chamber, as thelast judicial office seized of Case 002, is responsible for reviewing the security classifications of all documents on the case file, and declassifying documents where a confidential classification is no longer necessary. A similar
process is underway in Case 004/2.
Reclassification is a crucial part of the eccc’s legacy. Following thecompletion of Case 002, the eccc is working to notify Civil Parties acrossthe country about the case through focal points and provincial meetings.
In 2023, eccc relocated to new premises in the heart of Phnom Penh.
The new space serves as a hub for the eccc to disseminate information
about its work of the past sixteen years. The new premises host a public andfreely accessible Resource Centre.
The new Resource Centre is the access point to the eccc and serves as
an information hub for the archives, legal resources, and other materials. In
addition, the Resource Centre also provides space for visitors – especially
young Cambodians – to consult, research, watch, study, and engage. The
Resource Centre is equipped with Wi-Fi, computers, working desks, meeting tables, and other resources to provide visitors with everything they needto learn about the eccc or related aspects.

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The Resource Centre consists of six components: (1) a library and research hub, (2) a new website which is being updated and upgraded in an
innovative way, (3) a digital and hard copy archive in line with international
standards, (4) a multi-purpose venue for organizing workshops and mootcourts, (5) a consultation and exhibition venue, and (6) a remembrance
and reflection space. The Resource Centre is available for public use free ofcharge and is located at eccc residual premises (Russian Blvd., Street 110,
Sangkat Mittapheap, Khan 7 Makara).4 The library and research space of the
Resource Centre opens daily (Monday-Friday) from 09:00 to 20:00, and on
weekends and official holidays from 09:00 to 18:00.5

Law students from National University of Battambang visit the ECCC Resource Center, 9 January 2024.6

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The Archive
Archiving is one of the most important activities of the eccc, even in its
residual phase. Working with nearly 2.4 million pages of documentation,
the Records and Archives Unit is required to maintain, preserve and manage
these materials in physical and digital format. Eccc’s holdings are divided
into two broad categories: case files and non-case file documents. Case files
are court documents which are submitted during investigations, trials or
appeals. Non-case file documents consist of other media which document
the official activities of the Extraordinary Chambers. To date, the eccc has
successfully digitized all its documents without backlog and is working to
make public documents easily available online.
In 2023, the eccc became a member of the International Council on
Archives (ica), the largest professional association in the field of archives.
Membership will allow the eccc to exchange experiences with international
experts, share practices of good archival management, and pursue the highest standards of archives preservation in Cambodia. This will enhance the
eccc’s ability to share best practices with other Cambodian institutions andstakeholders, and facilitate trainings on good governance, accountability
and transparency in records management.
Upgrade of Digital Archive
The eccc’s digital archive is being upgraded to continue preserving therecords securely. The upgraded system, ZyLAB One, will include Optical
Character Recognition (ocr) that reads Khmer script, making it possible
to search inside the eccc’s Khmer language documents. This is a first in
Cambodia! A new analytical module will utilize next-generation technologies to enhance search results, making research easier and accessible directly from the website.
Educational Videos
On 17 September 2023, the eccc launched the “Educational and OutreachVideo Series,” developed from documents, records and archives of the eccc,
which highlight a wide range of topics related to the trials and investigations
over sixteen years. The short video series will be an integral part of edu-

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cational dissemination activities aimed at informing younger generations
about the work of the eccc. Forty-two episodes of the video series werereleased and are now available on all the eccc’s social media platforms including the Facebook Page, YouTube, Telegram, and TikTok.7
Public Affairs Section8
The eccc has a policy of reaching out actively to the community, the media,
the diplomatic corps, donors, researchers and other interested parties. The
objective is to provide as much information as possible on the activity ofthe eccc, working transparently to build public confidence in the judicial
process. This objective needs to be balanced with respect for privacy, confidentiality and the rights of all parties in the proceedings including witnesses and victims, concerns for fair trial, due process and the presumptionof innocence.
The eccc has a Public Affairs Section (pas) which has combination of
National and International staff working as one and headed by a national
staff member.
Pas is the external face of the eccc and works to support and coordinate the public representation of all Organs of the eccc, including the judicial chambers, prosecution and defense. It is responsible for the dissemination of information to the public about the operations of the eccc,9 as wellas the cases under judicial investigation.10
It shares public judicial information and developments, such as decisions, legal instruments, financial documents, reports, photographs, andbiographies with the media and the general public through the eccc website. Press releases and statements are circulated by e-mail through mailing lists and are also posted on the website and social media. It also serves
as the conduit for interview requests with judicial officers and Office ofAdministration personnel.
It undertakes various outreach activities aimed at informing
Cambodians about the work of the eccc and the trial process to facilitate
their understanding and involvement in its work. Outreach is conducted invarious formats, including through publications, public forums, seminars
and conferences, the eccc website, weekly radio programs, and television
programs.

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Public court proceedings at the eccc were broadcast on Cambodian
television. Videos of past trial hearings are also available on the eccc website and YouTube. Pictures and other information are disseminated on social media including Facebook, Flickr, Instagram, Tik-Tok and X (formerly
Twitter).
In addition to organizing its own outreach activities, pas partners withother organizations (Cambodian and international ngos, national, provincial, and local structures of government) to facilitate the dissemination ofreading materials, videos, radio, and television programs. It also undertakes
outreach activities relating to victims and Civil Parties in consultation with
the Victims Support Section (vss) and the Civil Party Lead Co-Lawyers(cplcls).11
Through its various outreach programs, pas reached over 640,000 people during the judicial phase.
Media relations
The eccc aims to provide information on its activities to representatives of print and electronic media, both within Cambodia and internationally, on a timely basis as required.
Press releases and statements are circulated by e-mail to all those
who register with pas and are also posted on the website (Press Releases).
Arrangements can be made for media interviews with judicial officers andstaff in the Office of Administration as appropriate, by request to the Public
Affairs Section.
ECCC website
The new website has been reconceived as an engaging informational
resource which will complement the Resource Centre as a digital access hub
to the archive, interactive and educational features and the eccc’s legacy.
The website will be available across different devices in the eccc’s threelanguages, and will include:• Archive microsite – providing direct access to the eccc’s public
case records;• Historical overview – including the origins, establishment and operations of the eccc;• Case information – everything about the investigations and trials;• Digital resources – a one-stop-shop for eccc publications, media,
and updates.

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ECCC Mobile Bus
On 31 January 2024, the eccc launched the eccc Mobile Bus that aims
to carry out broad outreach and educational activities about the trial process, achievements, and legacies of the eccc. The eccc Mobile Bus, theextension of its eccc Resource Centre inaugurated on 27 September 2023,
will serve the public, students, youth, communities, and civil parties living
in remote areas.
The launch ceremony of the eccc Mobile Bus was organized in collaboration with and at the Royal University of Phnom Penh (rupp) and withthe participation of its honorable delegates including rector H.E. Professor
Chet Chealy.
H.E. Tony Kranh, Acting Director of Administration of the eccc said,“the eccc Mobile Bus is equipped with laptops, a meeting room connectingwith lcd projectors, an interactive touch panel for drawing, presentation,and video screening, and with educational materials and multimedia contents about trial proceedings that would serve the public for study and research.” He added that the Mobile Bus would travel throughout the country
to meet Cambodian and will stop in schools, universities, downtown areas,
pagodas, and markets in twenty-five provinces and cities. The eccc Mobile
Bus began travelling in Phnom Penh and stopped by educational institutions including schools and universities where the eccc organized eventsand presentations, interactive activities, and discussions with the audience,
to learn more about the eccc, its history and trials, its current and future
activities, and the resources available to the public.12(Above and next page, top) Launching ceremony of the ECCC Mobile Bus, 31 January 2024.13

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H U M A N R I G H T S E D U C AT I O N I N A S I A - PA C I F I C · V O L U M E 1 3 , 2 0 2 3International Humanitarian Law (IHL) Moot Court Competition
In early December 2023, the eccc hosted the final rounds of the icrc
Humanitarian Law Moot Court Competition. Four teams from the National
University of Management (num), Royal University of Law and Economics(rule) and American University of Phnom Penh (aupp) participated in the
Cambodian national rounds over two days. The winning team from rule
will progress to the Asia-Pacific regional finals, to be hosted in Hong Kongin 2024.
On 18 February 2024, the eccc co-hosted the final rounds of the mootcourt competition on the right to a fair trial​at the eccc courtroom of its
Resource Centre. Students from the University of South-East Asia (usea) in
Siem Reap province won the first place and students from the University ofManagement and Economics (ume) – Batttambang won the second place.
The competition was organized by the Raoul Wallenberg Institute (rwi) andthe Center for the Study of Humanitarian Law (cshl). Three universities
including usea, ume and the National University of Battambang – nubb
participated in the moot court competition.14(Above and next page) Final Rounds of Moot Court Competition on The Right to a Fair Trial, 18 February2024.

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Outreach Study Tours
Pas coordinates and leads weekly eccc outreach study tour for students,
young people, and the public to raise awareness about the atrocities committed by the Khmer Rouge regime. More than 650,000 members of thenational and international public have taken part in outreach study tours
since 2009 until early 2024.
“Trials alone cannot foster the reconciliation necessary to heal woundsof the past. It is therefore my hope that you, being respected monks, throughthis special and privileged standing in this society are able to complement the
Court proceedings by assisting victims and perpetrators to reconcile,” said
Deputy Director Knut Rosandhaug in a speech to four hundred Buddhist
monks at Preah Sihanouk Raja Buddhist University on 9 August 2011.
This was one of the first outreach events organized by PAS reaching out
to the Buddhist community in Cambodia. The event was presided over by
Venerable Samdech Non Nget, Buddhist Supreme Patriarch of the Maha
Nikaya and Rector of Preah Sihanouk Raja Buddhist University.
Acting Director of the eccc Office of Administration H.E. Tony Kranh
briefed the Buddhist Monks about the recent developments at the eccc andalso discussed the trial proceedings at the eccc in the context of evolving international criminal law since World War II. Minister of Cults and Religious
Affairs H.E Min Khin congratulated the eccc for its progress so far, and also
shared some of his recollections of the period the Khmer Rouge held power.
The participants were also briefed about the alleged crimes of religious
persecution included in the second trial before the eccc. The treatment of

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Buddhists during the regime of Democratic Kampuchea forms part of theindictment included in the Closing Order in Case 002.
According to the Closing Order, Buddhists constituted one of the groups
targeted by the regime. The Communist Party of Kampuchea allegedly adopted a policy of prohibiting Buddhism and the practice of Buddhism. Highfigures in the Buddhist hierarchy were allegedly executed during the evacuation of Phnom Penh in April 1975. Many pagodas and sanctuaries were destroyed, or converted for other purposes such as security centers, pig pens,
dining halls, hospitals or warehouses. Images of Buddha were destroyed andeven lighting incense was allegedly prohibited. Virtually all Buddhist monks
and nuns were reportedly disrobed. Some monks were allegedly threatenedwith death or killed if they did not comply. After the monks were disrobed,
they were allegedly forced to do manual labor and farming.
In the Case 002 Closing order, the Co-Investigating Judges have classified these alleged crimes as persecution on religious grounds, which is one
category of crimes against humanity. Two hundred thirty-six victims of alleged crimes against Buddhists have been admitted as Civil Parties in Case002.
The monks used the opportunity at the outreach meeting to ask questions on a wide range of issues to the visiting eccc officials. Questions
ranged from what roles Buddhist could play in the eccc process, to why
former Khmer Rouge members who were Buddhists themselves killed other
Buddhists, how many persons should be put on trial, and many more ques-

Buddhist monks at Preah Sihanouk Raja Buddhist University, 9 August 2011.

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tions. As the one hour set aside for questions and answers proved to be
insufficient, the eccc planned to organize another outreach meeting with
Preah Sihanouk Raja Buddhist University in the near future.15

Monks from Kampong Spue visiting ECCC.16

Pas also held other activities such as a video showing on 26 July 2017attended by students.

(Above and next page) Students attending video showing, 26 July 2017.17

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H U M A N R I G H T S E D U C AT I O N I N A S I A - PA C I F I C · V O L U M E 1 3 , 2 0 2 3The eccc’s weekly outreach study tours consist of visits to the eccc, Tuol
Sleng Museum, Choeung Ek “Killing Fields”, and the Win-Win Memorial.
In 2023, pas conducted ninety-five outreach activities involving 18,225
participants from Phnom Penh and nine provinces. Table 1 shows the consolidated outreach and attendance in the study tour program from 2009 to
2022.
Table 1: Consolidated outreach and attendance (by person)18
PeriodHearings
days

Study tours(tours)Visits(groups)

VIPs(delegations)

Screenings(screenings)

Lectures(occasions

Total

71,488(167)

101,319(76)

640,276

Judicial phase19 4
20092022

244,668(639)

214,168
(722)

7,855
(446)

778
(182)
Residual phase

Jan-Sept
2023-

11,702 (62)

1,718
(13)

55
(6)

-

-

13,475

TOTAL

244,668(639)

225,870
(784)

9,573
(459)

833
(188)

71,488(167)

101,319(76)

653,751

In the tour for about two hundred fifty students from Hun Sen Angprey
high school in Samrong district, Takeo province on 3 January 2024, theteachers said that this study tour was so important for their students to understand the history, especially the Democratic Kampuchea regime, and thesuccessful trial of the Khmer Rouge senior leaders by eccc. The study tour
also provided the students to understand the origins of the Khmer Rouge

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regime, the struggle of the leaders to liberate the country from this wallless prison and students can also share what they saw and know today toother friends, especially parents, grandparents who have never visited theMemorial.20
The teachers also appreciated the Win-Win policy of the Royal
Government of Cambodia, which led the country to bring peace and social
stability. They also thanked the eccc for organizing the program so thatyouth could understand, visit the crime scenes left over from the Khmer
Rouge regime and see the development in Phnom Penh today.
The study tour for about two hundred seventy students from Sok An
Tonloap high school, Kirivong district, Takeo province was held on 11
January 2024.21 During the visit in Win-Win Memorial, the group learned
about the leaders’ struggles to liberate Cambodia from the Khmer Rouge
Regime and the establishment of a Win-Win policy to end the civil war andbring peace for the nation. Under the trees in the Win-Win Memorial premise, the group was briefed by a Public Affairs Officer of the Khmer Rouge
Tribunal on the achievement of the eccc obtained from the trials and theresidual functions that the Chamber is currently conducting. Then thegroup continued to visit the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum to learn about
the tragedy left behind by the brutal Khmer Rouge regime.

Students in study tour

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In the study tour for thirty law students from National University ofBattambang on 9 January 2024, the students visited the Resource Center
to learn about eccc’s residual works. On that occasion, eccc officials welcomed and presented to group about the achievements of the eccc obtained from the trials, the eccc residual works; the victims’ participationin the eccc, transitional justice and trauma transformation, the Resource
Centre, the preserving and managing of the eccc Archive case files, and theexperience of eccc for local court systems and jurisprudent.22

Visit of students to ECCC Central Office

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Survey of Students
In the first half of 2023, the eccc held an online survey on the study tour. The
results of the survey of the eccc show that the knowledge gained throughthe participation in the eccc study tour is very significant.23
In the third question of the eccc survey, do you think the knowledge
you gained while attending this visit was important? There were 1,274 respondents to this question, while nine hundred forty-five respondents or
74 percent answered it is very important, and three hundred twenty-one
respondents or 25 percent answered that it is important.
In addition, there were some comments as:“This study tour is a program to the discovery of the management of Democratic Kampuchea, which has left clear evidence of torture, massacres and atrocities, which made me
shocked and saddened from the brutal acts.”“I would like to propose such a study tour program for the
younger generation to see and remember this brutal history intheir hearts.”“As a student, I would like to have such visit to every
Cambodian child so that they can gain knowledge and understanding of the history of their own country and the geographyof Cambodia, and finally I would like to thank the teachers whoorganized this visit. Thank you!”
The survey was conducted online from 15 February 2023 to 6 April
2023 for anyone who participated in the eccc study tour program. From
15 February to 6 April 2023, there were 3,430 youth, students and teachers
who participated in the study tours organized by the Khmer Rouge Tribunal
while 1,527 people responded in the eccc online survey.
Pas asks the students in the study tour to evaluate the activity througha survey questionnaire. Table 2 below provides the results of the survey undertaken in the second half of 2023.

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Table 2: Study tour survey results24
Question

Quotient

Responses

Do you think the study tour is important for you and other Cambodians?
Yes

100%

No

0%

1,947

Why do you see this study tour as important? (multiple selection possible)
Understanding the trials of former Khmer
Rouge leaders

620

Finding out that atrocities took place

806

Learning more about Cambodian history
and atrocities

1,717

Understanding the suffering of Cambodians
during the Democratic Kampuchea period

742

Learning about historical sites and placesof suffering

805

Visiting Choeung Ek, Tuol Sleng Museum,
Win-Win Memorial

2,136

6,826

Is the knowledge you gained during the study tour important?
Important or very important98%

Neutral1%

Not important

1%

1,742

Museum visit (Choeung Ek, Tuol Sleng Museum, Win-Win Memorial)
followed by “Learning more about Cambodian history and atrocities” aremost cited as reasons why the study tour is important to the students.
Conclusion
A summary of the public awareness work of the eccc has been stated:25
Unprecedented public awareness work
The work of the Court cannot be understood purely fromthe point of cases and convictions. Its vital functions play out
against a broader canvas – remembering and reconciling a troubling past. The education function of the eccc for the Khmer
Rouge history cannot be understated as it serves to prevent suchserious crimes from happening again either in Cambodia or
elsewhere.

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It is estimated that almost 250,000 people attended trial andappeal hearings of the Court, while more than 400,000 people
have been exposed to the work of the eccc through outreachactivities.
It is vital that the lessons of the past are not forgotten andthat they form part of the Cambodian narrative, highlighting thevital role of human rights and the value of tolerance, resilienceand peace.
This is a goal the eccc through its outreach program would continue towork for in years to come.
Endnotes
1 Decision on Im Chaem’s Request for Reclassification of Selected Documentsfrom Case File 004/1,
https://eccc.gov.kh/sites/default/files/documents/
courtdoc/%5Bdate-in-tz%5D/D313_2_EN.pdf.
2 Decision on International Co-Prosecutors’ Immediate Appeal of the Trial
Chamber’s Effective Termination of Case 004/2, https://eccc.gov.kh/sites/default/
files/documents/courtdoc/%5Bdate-in-tz%5D/E004_2_1_1_2_EN.pdf.
3 Information on the four cases was drawn from Case Load and other pages of
the website section on “Cases,” www.eccc.gov.kh/en/case-load.
4 1st Floor, Building 40, Russian Blvd. (Street 110), Sangkat Mittapheap, Khan 7
Makara, downtown Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
5 Eccc Launches the Mobile Bus, the Extension of Its Resource Centre,
Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, https://eccc.gov.kh/en/
articles/eccc-launches-mobile-bus-extension-its-resource-centre.
6 30 students from National University of Battambang Visit eccc Resource
Center, www.eccc.gov.kh/en/articles/30-students-national-university-battambangvisit-eccc-resource-center.
7 Inauguration of the eccc Resource Centre, 27 September 2023, https://cambodia.un.org/en/247503-inauguration-eccc-resource-centre.
8 Guide to the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, 1 January2024, https://eccc.gov.kh/sites/default/files/publications/Guide%20to%20the%20
eccc%20%28Advance%20Copy%29.pdf.
9 Internal Rules (Rev.10), rule 9(4), Extraordinary Chambers in the CourtsofCambodia,
https://www.eccc.gov.kh/sites/default/files/legal-documents/
Internal%20Rules%20-%20EN.pdf.
10 Internal Rules, rules 9(4), 56(2)(a), ibid.
11 Internal Rules, rule 12 bis (1)(i), ibid.
12 Eccc Launches the Mobile Bus, the Extension of Its Resource Centre, op.
cit.
13 Eccc Launches the Mobile Bus, ibid.

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14 Eccc
Co-hostedtheFinalRounds
of
Moot
Court
Competition on The Right to a Fair Trial, www.eccc.gov.kh/en/articles/
eccc-co-hosted-final-rounds-moot-court-competition-right-fair-trial.
15 Eccc Reaches Out to Buddhist Monks, www.eccc.gov.kh/en/articles/
eccc-reaches-out-buddhist-monks.
16 Photos of the visit of Monks from Kampong Spue, www.eccc.gov.kh/en/
gallery/photo/photos-visit-monks-kampong-spue.
17 Lcdfilm
screening
photos,www.eccc.gov.kh/en/gallery/photo/lcd-film-screening-photos.
18 Quarterly Progress Report: July-September 2023. See Annex 8.7 for moredetails per year on the Outreach statistics, Guide to the Extraordinary Chambers in
the Courts of Cambodia, op. cit.
19 For a detailed breakdown of attendance and participation during the judicial
phase, please refer to Tables 6, 7, and 7.1-7.3 of the Quarterly Progress Report from
October-December 2022.
20 250 students from Hun Sen Angprey High School Participate in the eccc’
Outreach Study Tour Program, www.eccc.gov.kh/en/articles/250-students-hunsen-angprey-high-school-participate-eccc-outreach-study-tour-program.
21 270 Students from Sok An Tonloap High School Participate in the eccc’
Outreach Study Tour Program, www.eccc.gov.kh/en/articles/270-students-sok-tonloap-high-school-participate-eccc-outreach-study-tour-program.
22 30 students from National University of Battambang Visit eccc Resource
Center, www.eccc.gov.kh/en/articles/30-students-national-university-battambangvisit-eccc-resource-center.
23 Survey:
Knowledge
GainedDuringParticipation
in
eccc
Study
Tours
Is
Important,www.eccc.gov.kh/en/articles/
survey-knowledge-gained-during-participation-eccc-study-tours-important.
24 Quarterly Progress Report: July-September 2023, op. cit.
25 Speech by the UN Resident Coordinator, Jo Scheuer, Inauguration of theeccc Resource Centre, United Nations Cambodia, 27 September 2023, https://cambodia.un.org/en/247503-inauguration-eccc-resource-centre.