Summary of Evaluation Results
I. Outline of the ProjectCountry：Nepal

Project title： Agricultural Training and Extension
Improvement Project (ATEIP)

Issue / Sector： Agriculture

Cooperation scheme：
Technical Cooperation Project
Total cost： about 360 million yen

Division in charge: JICA Nepal OfficePartner Country’s Implementing Organization：
Periodof

Cooperation

5 years from January 2004 to

Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MOAC)
Department of Agriculture (DOA)

January 2009

Supporting Organization in Japan：
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
Related Cooperation：
1. Background of the Project
Agriculture is the backbone of the Nepalese economy, which absorbs a major part of labour forces; about
66 percent of the economically active population and 33 percent of the country’s Gross Domestic Product(GDP) . However, the agricultural growth has been slow and has barely kept pace with population growthduring the last two decades. The Government of Nepal recognized the need of further improvement inefficiency and effectiveness of agricultural training and extension services to enhance agricultural
productivity.
Under these circumstances, the Agriculture Training and Extension Improvement Project (ATEIP)(hereinafter referred to as the Project) was requested to the Government of Japan in Japanese Fiscal Year
(JFY) 2000 and inaugurated in January 2004 for the period of five years, aiming at improvement of thecurrent agricultural training and extension services in Nepal to meet the needs of farmers. The target areaof ATEIP is five districts in the central development region, namely Dhading, Rasuwa, Makwanpur,
Nuwakot and Sindhupalchowk.
In September 2006, the mid-term evaluation was implemented to review and confirm the progress of the
Project, and the Project Design Matrix (PDM) and Plan of Operation (PO) were revised in line with theresult of mid-term evaluation. This time, eight months prior to the completion of the Project, the joint
final evaluation study (hereinafter referred as the Study) was conducted to evaluate whether the Project
has achieved the expected outputs and the project purpose and to draw lessons to be applied to othersimilar projects. The specific objectives of final evaluation are summarized in the next section.
2. Project Overview(1) Overall Goal:
1.

Farmers’ farming activities are improved in the Project districts.

2.

Improved agriculture service delivery system is replicated to other areas inside and outside theProject districts.

(2) Project Purpose:
Agriculture service delivery system is improved in the Project districts through training and extension.

i(Delivery system involves agriculture technology, group organization, facilitation, M&E, documentation,
coordination, etc.)(3) Outputs:
1. Practical training is imparted to extension workers and farmers.
2. Farmers’ need-based extension services are delivered.
3. Activities of different service providers in agriculture development are coordinated/ facilitated.

(4) Inputs (as of this final evaluation)
Japanese side：
No. of long term and short term experts: 9 persons（149.66 m/m）
No. of trainees received in Japan:

14 persons

Provision of equipment:

Items that can be utilized for extension activities such as PC,
projectors and so on (Approximately JPY 8 million)

Thai side:
Counterparts:

Four (4) major counterparts from MOAC DOA and DADO
officers and JT/JTAs in five project districts

Local cost:

Approximately JPY 3 million from KR2 Fund

Provision of land and facility:

For the project office space

II. Evaluation Team
Members
Evaluation
Team

of

Japanese Side
(1) Mr. Yoshio Fukuda (Leader)
Deputy Resident Representative, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
Nepal Office(2) Dr. Shun Suzuki (Agricultural Extension)
Professor, Department of International Agricultural Development, Tokyo
University of Agriculture(3) Mr. Yasuaki Momita (Project Planning)
Assistant Resident Representative, JICA Nepal Office(4) Ms. Misa Oishi (Evaluation Analysis)
Consultant, Overseas Operations Department, Kokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd.
Nepalese Side
(1) Mr. Rajendra Prasad Adhikari (Leader)
Senior Agricultural Economist, Ministry of Agricultural Cooperatives (MOAC)

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(2) Mr. Sanjay Verma (Member)
Agricultural Economist, MOAC
(3) Ms.Bina Chitrakar (Member)
Agricultural Economist, Department of Agriculture (DOA), MOAC

Period of Evaluation： May 5, 2008～May 22, 2008

Type of Evaluation： Final Evaluation

III. Results of Evaluation
1. Achievements(1) Project Purposes
Based on the status of indicators as seen below, it can be concluded that the Project Purpose is being
attained.

Indicator 1: 70% of the farmers, able to access to Project activities, are satisfied with training andextension services provided.

For the purpose of final evaluation study, minimum of 100 farmers (at least 20 farmers from each district)
who belong to the following six categories were targeted to be interviewed, being assumed as “thefarmers, able to access to project activities”.
(1) Members of Agricultural Development Committee(ADC)(2) Participants of the training courses on ADC(3) Beneficiaries of micro projects(4) Training and Demonstration (T/D) Farm cooperating Farmers(5) Extension Model (E/M) Farmers(6) Participants of field days organized by T/D Farms and E/M Farmers

In fact, 118 farmers were interviewed; 102 (86%) of them are satisfied with training and extension
services provided.

Indicator 2: 70% of the farmers, able to access to Project activities, agree that training and extension
services provided have been improved.
Interviews to the same 118 farmers revealed that 106(90%) of them agree that training and extension
services provided have been improved.

In addition to the positive indications by two indicators, it is worth mentioning that farmers reiterated
during the interviews that they have been benefited from the close communication between theircommunities and JT/JTAs through ADC members, That was not so before the Project. Farmers haveiii

obtained useful agricultural knowledge such as new varieties, soil improvement, pesticides and others,
and moreover information on DADO programs that they can be benefited.

(2) Outputs

1.

Five training courses for DADO officers were held in Nepal by the Project and 3.67 training
courses per DADO officer were provided on average. In addition, three DADO officers from the
project districts joined in the study tour to India and Bangladesh. Also, eight DADO officers
participated in the training courses in Japan. Indeed, the questionnaire survey to DADO officers
who received trainings from the Project revealed that all interviewed officers (effective answers:16) consider that their capabilities have been improved in every aspects of planning, providing
guidance to JT/JTAs and managing / monitoring. As for training for extension workers, 18
training courses for JT/JTAs were held in Nepal by the Project and 5.16 training courses per
JT/JTAs were provided. In addition, the Project conducted the third country training in India, and
62 JT/JTAs attended in the training course in India. For the final evaluation, 26 JT/JTAs who
received training from the Project were questioned and 25 (96%) agreed that their capabilities intechnical aspects have been improved, and 26 (100%) agreed their capabilities in human skill
aspects have been enhanced. In addition, 71 out of 86 JT/JTAs (83％) who are working in thefive districts have been engaged in T/D Farm activities and received practical on-the-farmtraining. Likewise, series of training courses to major stakeholders such as DADO officers and
JT/JTAs have been extensively carried out in the Project; thus it can be concluded that
achievement level of Output 1 is satisfactory.

2.

All 26 JT/JTAs who were questioned during the final evaluation study agreed that extension
services provided to farmers have been improved. Interviews to 118 farmers also confirmed theenhancement of JT/JTAs’ capability by resulting that 113 (96%) of them agree that capabilities of
JT/JTAs have been improved. In addition, the Project implemented activities concerning farmmanagement and community-based agricultural development through 33 E/M Farmers and 33
ADCs. As a part of ADC activities, 57 small-scale projects aiming at the need-based agriculturaldevelopment in target communities were carried out; they are mostly small-scale irrigation (33projects), secondly training on vegetable cultivation (14 projects) and others. The Projectencourages ADCs to coordinate with other relevant organizations, and actually 15 ADCs has
carried out 16 micro projects in collaboration with the concerned agencies such as District
Development Committee (DDC), Village Development Committee (VDC), District Soil
Conservation Office, Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, DADO and local Non
Governmental Organizations (NGOs). As just seen above, a wide range of activities were carriedivout; thus it can be concluded that achievement level of Output 2 is satisfactory.

3.

The district-level coordination workshops were conducted in all five districts, and organizations
such as DDC, VDC, DADO, other government organizations, NGOs, Cooperatives,
representatives of ADCs and E/M Farmers participated in these workshops, shared informationon the Project’s activities such as E/M Farmers and ADCs. Also the result sharing workshop
participated by 98 stakeholders such as DOA officers, DADO officers and JT/JTAs in the five
districts was held on March 17, 2008 by the Project. In addition, the Project produced wide rangeof public relations materials such as video documentary on T/D Farm activities, T-shirts and bagswith the logo of the Project and others. Also, the Project plans to produce community
development textbook for extension workers, training material on farm management andmarketing, compilation of good practices of E/M Farmer activities, and video documentary on
ADC and E/M Farmers to accelerate further information sharing with stakeholders. Efforts toshare information were well made through workshops organized and public relations materials
produced by the Project as seen above. Indeed, it can be concluded Output 3 is reasonably
attained at the time of final evaluation.

2. Summary of Evaluation Results(1) Relevance
The Team concluded that the Project remains highly relevant in terms of the Policy of Nepalese
government and the needs of C/P agency.

Agricultural Perspective Plan (1995-2015), National Agricultural Policy, 2004, Tenth Five Year Plan
(2002-2007) and Three Year Interim Plan (2007-2009) all aim to (i) accelerate growth of the agricultural
sector through increased productivity, (ii) alleviate poverty through expansion of agricultural sector,
provision of employment opportunities and diversification of agriculture through introduction of highvalue crops. Establishment of agricultural technology responsive to farmers’ needs and its effective
extension are proposed as a means of realizing these aims. In addition, National Agriculture Extension
Strategy 2007, emphasizes the importance of capacity development of extension workers and adaptationof participatory approaches responsive to farmers’ needs.

Indeed, Agriculture is the mainstay of the Nepalese economy, which produces 33% of the country’s Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) and absorbs 66% of its labor force. In order to enhance the agriculturaldevelopment, several policies and strategies were adopted as just seen above. Especially, National
Agriculture Extension Strategy, which appreciates JT/JTAs as “frontline extension workers”, considers
enhancement of extension workers’ capabilities as essential for agricultural productivity improvement. Asv

a response to this strategy, DOA needs to further improve agricultural training and extension activities.

In view of this policy consistency in appreciating role of agricultural training and extension and Japanese
assistance in Nepalese agricultural development, the relevance of the Project is well ensured.

(2) Effectiveness
The Team concluded that the effectiveness of the Project is substantially secured by considering
reasonable achievement levels of the outputs and the Project Purpose. It can be attributed to theintegration of training and extension components together to produce better results. Each of three outputs
has been produced through a wide range of vital activities, such as training to DADO officials, training to
JT/JTAs, third-country training, T/D Farm activities, E/M Farmer activities and ADC activities including
micro projects. Although some efforts should be added for the rest of the Project period, the numbers of
outputs and the achievement level of each output are sufficient to achieve the Project Purpose.

(3) Efficiency
A number of activities have been carried out and the outputs are being produced mostly as planned
although Japanese experts especially in the first half faced difficulty in mobility due to security
situations. In addition, the interview surveys reveal that overall satisfaction towards inputs such as humanresources (Japanese experts), trainings and provided equipment is high, and so is the level of utilization,
as seen below. Therefore it can be concluded that the efficiency is secured at the time of final evaluation.

Human recourses (Japanese experts)
Especially in the latter half of the Project’s period, the Project established good communication andcollaboration; also was able to accelerate major activities such as provision of training, T/D Farm
activities, E/M Farmer activities and ADC activities. Many C/Ps, DADO officers, JT/JTAs and farmers
not only participated in the Project but worked collaboratively with the Japanese experts. Therefore, it
can be said that human resources were utilized well.

Training courses in Japan
Fourteen (14) persons including officers from Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MOAC) andC/Ps participated in training courses in Japan. Eight (8) of them joined in the individual courses and therest in the group courses. Also, 8 of 14 participants are DADO officers. According to the interviews to theparticipants, it became clear that the courses were beneficial to them since they could actually observe
field activities and also exchange opinions and experiences with trainees from other countries.

Equipmentvi

The Project provided equipment that can be utilized for extension activities such as personal computers,
projectors, digital cameras and others. It was reported that some equipment had been provided without
sufficient assessment of the needs of each DADO partially due to immobility in the beginning. However,it became clear during the field observation that the provided equipment is in use now.

(4) Impact
Usually it is rather too early to measure impacts at the end of projects. However, the effects of the Project
have already affected farmer’s farming activities positively, as a first step of impact realization. In
addition, currently 15 ADCs (45% of the currently established 33 ADCs) have carried out micro projects
in collaboration with the concerned agencies. It is realized that ADCs and E/M Farmers were utilized byother agencies such as VDC, DDC and other NGOs as a district-level community platform. In otherwords, as a kind of impact, ADCs and E/M Farmers are also beneficial to agencies such as VDC, DDC
and others.

(5) Sustainability
The Team concluded that the sustainability in terms of organizational and institutional aspect, financial
aspect and technical aspect will be ensured.

Organizational and institutional aspect
C/Ps in Kathmandu deepens their understanding on the Project’s results through taking part in training
courses, workshops and site visits. Concerning T/D Farm activities, which are highly recognized as great
opportunities for JT/JTAs’ on-the-farm training, DOA initiated to form a committee called T/D FarmInternalization Committee; the committee studied effects of T/D Farm, and in October 2007, submitted areport that recommends DOA to internalize T/D Farm activities as DOA’s regular program. Likewise,
C/Ps in DOA office in Kathmandu are actively involved in the Project. As for DADO officers and
JT/JTAs in the target five districts, they have recognized that their capabilities and the quality of services
delivered to farmers have been improved through participating in training courses, workshops, T/D Farm
activities, E/M Farmer activities and ADC activities.

Likewise, both in the central and district levels, personnel who play key roles in agricultural training andextension were able to enhance their capabilities through the Project; thus, although further efforts tointernalize and replicate the Project fruit such as T/D Farm activities to other districts are necessary, thesustainability in terms of organizational and institutional aspects will be secured.

Financial aspect
As reiterated, T/D Farm activities that enable JT/JTAs to obtain practical knowledge and experiences areviihighly recognized in DOA. As for the five project districts, each DADO has officially requested for thebudget for T/D Farm activities, and therefore it is highly likely that T/D Farm activities will be carriedout in the five districts even after the Project. However, the only concern is that JT/JTAs implementing
T/D Farm activities are not getting extra allowance like travel allowance while working within theirrespective field.

Technical aspect
T/D Farm activities considered as a vital component of the Project are highly appreciated by DOA and
DOA is hoping to replicate this type of activity in many districts. In fact, it is confirmed that the five
DADO have officially requested for the budget for T/D Farm activities, and T/D Farm activities will be
continued by DADO officers and JT/JTAs who are trained under the Project. As for E/M Farmer
activities and ADC activities, technically speaking, both DADO officers and JT/JTAs have beenacquiring capabilities to carry out by themselves. It is worth mentioning here that the Project pay close
attentions to social aspects such as gender issues and social inclusion as well throughout the field-level
activities. This, along with the technological aspect, reinforces the prospect of sustainability of the
Projects’ activities.

Likewise, the Project has been carried out by considering technical aspects such as technical level of
C/Ps, DADO officers and JT/JTAs and social aspects such as social inclusion and gender. The concerned
stakeholders could easily acquire and transfer the developed knowledge and skills. Thus it can be said
that for the Project districts, the sustainability in terms of technical aspects is likely to be secured. As for
replication to other districts, it might take some time since E/M Farmer activities and ADC activities
carry newly introduced concepts and require intensive efforts to get activities off the ground. In a
response to these situations, “Guideline for ADC and E/M Farmers” in the Field Notebook that iscurrently used in the Project can be deployed. Once staffs working in the project districts transferred toother districts, they could easily replicate these activities. In addition, several training materials areplanned to be produced and distributed to major stakeholders in order to disseminate the as much Project
effects as possible.

3. Factors that promoted realization of effects
Factors concerning the planning• National Agriculture Extension Strategy, naming JT/JTAs “frontline extension workers”, consideredenhancement of extension workers’ capabilities as essential for agricultural productivity
improvement. As a response to this strategy, improvement in agricultural training and extension
activities is seriously considered in the country.
Factors concerning the implementation processviii• DOA well acknowledges the outcomes from the Project, and also highly committed C/Ps actively

participated in the Project.
• The experts dispatched in the latter half of the Project’s period have had work experiences in Nepal,

and had knowledge on the conditions of Nepalese agriculture. Moreover, they are fluent in
Nepalese. These could be a part of reasons that the Project has been implemented efficiently in spiteof the fact that most of the experts are short-term, and come and go often.

4. Factors that impeded realization of effects
Factors concerning the planning• It was difficult to provide training opportunities to all JT/JTAs and all DADO officers since they are

under frequent personnel shift.
Factors concerning the implementation process• Due to security reasons, especially the Japanese experts in the first half of the project period had

difficulties to visit some of the project sites.

5. Conclusion
Thanks to the fullest cooperation from MOAC, DOA, the Project and people in Nepal, the Evaluation
Team was able to conduct the Study successfully. The Team discussed with C/Ps in Kathmandu andanalyzed the field survey results from the five districts, namely Dhading, Rasuwa, Nuwakot, Makwanpur
and Sindhupalchowk. As the Project has been progressing smoothly with close cooperation between
people concerned and their dedicated efforts, achieving the project outputs set forth, and consequently is
successfully attaining the project purpose, the Project should be terminated as planned.

6. Recommendations
6.1

During the rest of the Project period

Although the Team realized that the Project has been successfully carried out according to the plan, it canbe mentioned that the following items were not achieved in terms of the Indicators, by the time of the
Final Evaluation; the Project should continue activities especially focusing on these items, as well as
continuous monitoring and evaluation on them.
• As of now, 33 ADCs have been established. Continuous effort is necessary to accomplish thenumerical goal of 35.
• Though the numerical goal of E/M Farmer has been set to 45, the Project has decided to re-set it to35, according to the necessity of relating the ADC activities to the activities of E/M Farmers. The
Project should get an approval by Joint Coordinating Committee (JCC) on this matter, and the
Project is to accomplish the re-set goal by the end of the Project.

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Also, considering the achievement of Overall Goal in the future, the Project is recommended to carry out
activities such as follows;• The benefit from this Project should be expanded beyond ADCs and E/M Farmers to more farmers.

In this sense, the Project should make efforts for the expansion of the benefit through extension
activities by ADCs and E/M Farmers.
• To ensure institutional sustainability of ADCs, it is recommended to encourage DADO to register

these ADCs officially.
• Organizations of ADCs are still ongoing in some area, and the lack of experience and capacity of

those newly formed ADCs is considered as a concern. As the Project is planning to develop
capacities among ADCs through implementation of micro projects until the termination of the
Project, those activities should also focus on the capacity development and accumulation of
know-how among extension workers (including DADO officers and JT/JTAs), in expectation ofsustainable guidance by them.
• Since other donors are implementing projects in the field of agricultural extension, exchange of

information and outputs is highly recommended. The Project should actively transmit informationand promote outputs to other donors, as well as to mainstream the outputs within the related
agencies within the Government of Nepal.
• In order to extensively utilize the outputs from the Project, deliverables such as resource book,materials, and good practices should be documented and distributed.

6.2 After the completion of the Project• Budget allocation by the Government of Nepal, which was also pointed out during the Mid-term

evaluation, has been improving. However, as it is still relying on the counterpart fund from KR2
Fund, further effort to procure general account budget shall be appreciated.
• Also as mentioned during the Mid-term evaluation, effort for introducing performance based

evaluation system and its reflection to promotion, positioning and other incentives such as training ,study opportunities and exposure visit. Further it is strongly recommended that sufficient field
allowance for extension workers should be provided. Until a well-functioning performance based
evaluation system is in place, incentive mechanisms for extension workers need to be inbuilt within
the activities. Moreover, it is arguable that the title of “Junior” Technician (JT) is reconsidered inorder to add incentive among them.
• The target 5 districts have decided to continue T/D farm. Expansion of T/D farm activities to other

districts, as well as continuation by the 5 districts, is highly recommended.
• The Team found that certain ADCs have implemented micro projects with other donors or NGOs,

utilizing the experiences from the Project. Extension workers should facilitate such farmer-oriented
activities even after the termination of the Project.

x• The achievements from the Project such as training curriculum and contents should be introduced tothe periodical trainings for extension workers by the Government, so as to pledge sustainability.
They should also be reflected into Technical Schools in charge of fostering new extension workers.
• Utilization of possible schemes such as “In-country Training Course on Agricultural Sector” forexpansion of the outputs from this Project should be considered.
• Deliverables documented and distributed by the Project should be periodicals by the Governmentand be published with periodical revision.

7. Lessons Learned
7.1

Importance of Needs-oriented Approach in agricultural extension projects

Through the field visits to the developed sites, T/D farm activities, etc., the Project aimed at shortening
the distance between extension workers and farmers, which provided extension workers not only the
agricultural technology but also confidence, motivation, and trust between farmers and extension
workers. In addition, the Project especially in the last half has put an emphasis on organization of farmergroups which enables the farmers to seek for extension services by themselves, in accordance with therecommendation by the Mid-term Evaluation. This “Confidence Building Approach”, connecting theextension workers and farmers through the linkage between top-down and bottom-up approach, isrealized as very effective in such agricultural extension projects.

7.2

Experience in a certain country as expertise for Project Experts

The Japanese experts dispatched in the last half of the Project had rich experience in the field works in
Nepal, including fluency in Nepalese language and knowledge in Nepalese culture besides their technicalexpertise, and it greatly contributed to smooth implementation and communication between Nepaleseside and Japanese side. Though it is understood that such a case is rare due to unavailability of humanresources in Japan, it is still recommended to recruit experts with experience in the assigned countries.

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