Light Sources in 2011storage ring, which was caused by an instantaneouselectricity shortage. Fortunately, in all cases the beamtime for users could be secured by extending theoperation time in the same weeks.

1. Status of UVSOR Accelerators
In FY2011, the UVSOR-II accelerators were in
operation from May 2011 to March 2012. A total of
36 weeks were devoted to user operations, consistingof 34 weeks in multi-bunch mode and two weeks insingle-bunch/multi-bunch hybrid mode, in which themachine is operated in single-bunch mode during thedaytime and in multi-bunch mode at night. Fourweeks were dedicated to machine studies this year.
We had a two-month shutdown starting from April
2011, for the installation of a new undulator andconstruction of two new beamlines. There was also aone-week shutdown in September and a two-week
shutdown around the New Year period.
The monthly statistics of the operation time and theintegrated beam current are shown in Fig. 1. The highintegrated beam current in June was due to vacuum
conditioning.

2. Improvements and Developments
New bending magnet for UVSOR-III
The magnetic lattice of UVSOR was modified in
2003, by replacing all the focusing magnets(quadrupoles and sextupoles). In 2012, we are goingto replace all of the bending magnets (dipoles) with
newly designed combined-function magnets. The new

Fig. 2. New combined-function bending magnet (alower half is shown).

Fig. 1. Monthly statistics in FY2011 (upper) for theoperation time (red bars) and integrated beam current(blue dashed bars).
The weekly operation schedule is as follows. On
Monday, the machine is operated for machine studies
from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. On Tuesday and Wednesday,the machine is operated for users from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m.
From Thursday 9 a.m. to Friday 9 p.m., the machineis operated for 36 hours continuously for users. Thus,
the beam time available to users is 60 hours per week.
Since last year, we have been operating the machine
in top-up mode for 100% of the users’ time. The
beam current is maintained at 300 mA in multi-bunchmode and 50 mA in single-bunch mode.
This fiscal year, we had a few problems with thepulse magnet power supplies for the booster
synchrotron, which may have been due to theincreased operation time of the beam injection systemcaused by the start of the top-up operation. We also
encountered a problem with the programmable logic
controller (PLC) for the magnet power supplies in theFig. 3. Lattice functions of UVSOR-II (upper) and
UVSOR-III (lower). The emittance is 27nm-rad and~15nm-rad, respectively.

9magnets have specially designed pole shapes andedge shapes as shown in Fig. 2, to produce dipole,quadrupole, and sextupole fields.
By this lattice modification, the emittance will be
reduced from 27 nm-rad to around 15 nm-rad. The
old and new lattice functions are shown in Fig. 3. The
construction of the bending magnets and the fieldmeasurements were completed by the middle ofMarch, 2012. In April 2012, the reconstruction work
is scheduled to start. The commissioning of the newlattice will begin in June. After commissioning has
been successfully completed, the ring will be called
UVSOR-III.

2010. The optical klystron consists of two identicalhelical undulators (APPLE-II type) of 1 m in length,with a buncher (wiggler) in between. Because of thedelay in the construction of these devices due to theearthquake last year, one undulator was installed in
May and the other in September. The installation of
the buncher took place in December.
This optical klystron will be used for generating
coherent synchrotron radiation in the terahertz (THz)region and coherent harmonics in the vacuum
ultraviolet (VUV) region, as well as for driving a freeelectron laser in the visible and UV regions. The firstexperiment on THz coherent synchrotron radiation
was successfully carried out in February 2012.

Design and construction of in-vacuum undulator for
STXM beamline
We designed and constructed an in-vacuum
undulator for the new scanning transmission soft
X-ray microscope (STXM) beamline (BL4U), which
will be constructed in 2012. The magnetic period
length is 38 mm and the pole length is about 1 m.
This will be the third in-vacuum device in this ring.
The basic design is similar to that of the U3 and U6
devices. The undulator will be installed in the ring inMay 2012.

Fig. 5. New undulator system for coherent lightsource development installed at the straight section,
S1.
Laser Compton scattering of gamma rays
Generation of polarized gamma rays based on thelaser Compton scattering technique has been
investigated, in which polarized laser photons are
injected into the storage ring and Compton
back-scattered. The photon energy was increased by
the square of the Lorentz factor (~1500 for
UVSOR-II), while preserving the polarity of thephotons. By controlling the polarity of the laser
photons, we can control that of the gamma rays. We
have succeeded in observing the changes in thespecial distribution of the gamma rays depending on
the polarization, which was well reproduced bynumerical simulation [1]. Direct measurement of thepolarization will be carried out in the future.

Fig. 4. New in-vacuum undulator for BL4U STXM
beamline.

References[1] Y. Taira et al., in this report.

Design and construction of optical klystronWe installed a new undulator system (optical
klystron) at the 4 m-long straight section (S1), which
was newly created by moving the injection point in

Masahiro Katoh (UVSOR Facility)

10

UVSOR Accelerator Complex
Injection Linear Accelerator

Booster Synchrotron

EnergyLengthFrequency
Accelerating RF Field
Klystron Power
Energy Spread
Repetition Rate

EnergyInjection Energy
Beam Current
Circumference
RF Frequency
Harmonic Number
Bending Radius
Lattice
Betatron Tune
Horizontal
VeritcalMomentum Compaction
Repetition Rate

750 MeV
EnergyInjection Energy
750 MeV
Maximum Stored Current 500 mA (multi bunch)
100 mA (single bunch)
27.4 nm-rad
Natural Emittance53.2 mCircumference
90.1 MHzRF Frequency
16
Harmonic Number
2.2 m
Bending Radius
Extended DBA×4
Lattice(4 m×4)+(1.5 m×4)
Straight Section
100 kVRF Voltage
Betatron Tune
3.75
Horizontal
3.20
VeritcalMomentum Compaction 0.028
Natural Chromaticity-8.1
Horizontal-7.3
Vertical
4.2×10-4
Energy Spread
Natural Bunch Length
108 ps

10 m

2.25
1.25
0.138
1 Hz (750 MeV)5

UVSOR-II Storage Ring

750 MeV
Booster
Synchrotron

750 MeV
15 MeV
32 mA (uniform filling)
26.6 m90.1 MHz8
1.8 m
FODO×8Beam Transport

0

15 MeV
2.5 m
2856 MHz2S/3 Traveling Wave
1.8 MW~1.6 MeV
2.6 Hz

15 MeV
Linear
Accelerator

BL5B

BL6U

BL5U

BL6B
BL4B

U7
3rd
Harmonic Cavity

BL7U

U6

Main Cavity

BL7B

U5

750 MeVElectron
Storage Ring

U1

BL3B

U3
BL3U

BL8B2

BL2B
BL1B

BL1U

BL1B

Electron Beam Optics of UVSOR-II Storage Ring
Horizontal /verticalbetatron functions
and dispersion function

Horizontal /verticalelectron bem sizes
and beam divergences

11

Insertion Devices
Brilliance of Radiation
Brilliance of radiationfrom the insertion devices(U3, U5, U6 and U7)
and a beding magnet
of UVSOR-IIUVSOR-II
27 nm-rad, 500 mA, 3% Coupling

1018

U7(Planar)
1st

U7(Herical)

U3

2nd

3rd

2

Brilliance(Photons/sec/mrad2/mm /0.1%b.w.)

1020

1st

1016

2nd

1st

U5(Herical)

3rd

1st

U5(Planar)

1014

Bending Magnet
2nd

10

12

2nd
3rd

1010
1

10

100

U6
3rd

1000

Photon Energy (eV)U3
3 In-vacuum
IIn-vaacuum
cu m U
Undulator
ndululaatorr

U6
6 In-vacuum
IIn-vaacuuum
mU
Undulator
ndululaatorr

Num
Numbermbe
ber
er of Pe
Periods
eriodsPereriiodio LengLe
ngth
PeriodLengthPo L
PoleLengthenengthPololee Gap
G
Pole
Deflection
D
Deflectioeon ParaParameter
ameterNum
Numbermbe
ber
er of Pe
Periods
eri
riods
Per
eriiod
io Le
Len
ng
ngth
PeriodLengthPo L
PoleLengthenengthPololee Gap
G
Pole
Deflection
D
Deflectioeon ParaParameter
ameter

50
8 mm
38
1.9
1.9 m
4 mm
m
15 - 40
2.00
2. - 0.24
0.
0.2
24

U5
5 Herical
H
Hericcal U
Und
Undulatornddulatorr / Opt
Opticalptical K
Klystronlysttroron
Numbe
Number
ber
er o
of Pe
Perio
Periods
riods
Per
erio
iod
od Le
ength
ngt
PeriodLengthPol L
Pole
Length
eng
ength
Pol
le G
ap
Pole
Gap
Deflection
ParameterDefDe
eflectionn ParameP
meter

U7 Apple-II
Variable Polarization Undulator

21
21 / 9+9+9 (Opt. K
Kly.)
ly.)
0 mm
m
110
2.35
2.3 m
150 mmm
30 - 150
4.6
6 - 0.07
7 (Helical)(
8.5
8.5 - 0.15
0.1 (Linear)

Num
Numbermber off Periods
P
PeriodPe
d Le
L
LengthPole
Length
Pol
le L
ength
Pol
Po
ole Gap
Pole
Deflection
ParameterD
eflectioion Para
ameterBending
Bendi
ing Magn
Magnets
netss
Bending
g Radius
Critical Energy

26
6 mm
36
0.94
0.94 m4 mm
m15 - 40
1.78
1.7 - 0.19
0.1
0.19

2.2
2.2 m
425 eV
V
425

12

40
76 m
m
mm
3.04
3
.04 m
24 - 2
00 mm
200
5.4
4 (Max.
(Horizontal)
H
3
3.6.6 (Max(Max.
ax. Vertical)
3.0 (M(Max. Helical)

Beamlines in 2011
The UVSOR facility has been widely recognized as
one of the highest brilliance extreme ultraviolet(EUV) radiation sources among synchrotron radiation
facilities with an electron energy of less than 1 GeV,
after the successful accomplishment of the upgrade
project on the storage ring (UVSOR-II Project). Eightbending magnets and four insertion devices areavailable for the utilization of synchrotron radiation at
UVSOR. There has been a total of twenty operational
beamlines in 2011, which are classified into two
categories. A total of 14 beamlines were operationalin 2011, classified into two categories. Nine areso-called "open beamlines," which are open toscientists of universities and research institutes
belonging to the government, public organizations,private enterprises, and those of foreign countries.
The remaining five beamlines are so-called "in-housebeamlines," which are dedicated to the use of
research groups within IMS.
The improvements and upgrades of the beamlines
at UVSOR have been continuously discussed withusers in a series of UVSOR workshops. The newly
constructed (BL3U, BL7U, and BL6U) as well as
upgraded (BL5U and BL6B) beamlines synchronizedwith the UVSOR-II Project have been routinely
operated, and a number of outcomes have emerged
through the utilization of these beamlines. We had
one soft X-ray station equipped with a double-crystal
monochromator, seven EUV and soft X-ray stations
with a grazing incidence monochromator, threevacuum ultraviolet (VUV) stations with a normal
incidence monochromator, and one infrared (IR)stationequipped
with
Fourier-transform
interferometers, as shown in the appended table (nextpage) for all available beamlines at UVSOR in 2011.
“Development and Application of Light Source
Technology Based on Electron Storage Ring andLaser” proposed by the UVSOR Machine Group was
accepted in 2008 as a research program in the
Quantum Beam Technology Project conducted by theJapan Science and Technology Agency (JST) of the
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology (MEXT). In this connection, the straightsection U1 will be used for generating coherent
terahertz (THz) and VUV radiation, with two
beamlines to be constructed there. As a consequenceof this, BL1A and BL1B must be moved to vacantsites. Since spectroscopic research work on solids has
been carried out very actively at these beamlines, it isessential that all of the users’ activities there becontinued smoothly at their new locations. Based on
the results of discussions at the users’ meetings,
which were organized by the UVSOR User’s Union,
it was decided that BL1A will be moved to thelocation of the previous BL2A without any changes tothe beamline components, and that BL1B will be
newly constructed at the site of the previous BL3B.
For the monochromator at BL3B, a 2.5 m off-plane
Eagle type has been chosen. The relocation andconstruction of the related beamlines, as well as therelocation of the Ti:Sa laser system for the MachineGroup to the downstream site of BL8B, weresuccessfully completed in 2011. Actual operation of
the new BL3B for users was initiated in January 2012.
A supplementary budget for upgrading the UVSOR
Facility, which had been originally submitted as oneof the budget requests of NINS, was approved in theautumn of 2010. The supplementary budget includes
the cost for constructing a new soft X-ray microscopy
beamline at BL4U, where a short in-vacuum typeundulator with a total length of about 1 m is available
as a light source. The period length chosen for thisundulator, U4, is 38 mm, which is the same value asthat for U3. The spectral region from 60 eV to 800 eV
will be covered by the first and higher harmonic
radiation. In order to cover a wide photon energy
region with one single grating, and to keep the
monochromator throughput as high as possible, avariable-included-angle Monk-Gillieson mounting
with an entrance slit-less configuration has been
selected. A scanning transmission soft X-ray
microscope (STXM) will be installed at the exit slit
position of the new BL4U. A new assistant professor,
who is in charge of the installation, commissioning,and maintenance of the STXM beamline, arrived in
the summer of 2011. The installation of the beamline
components including STXM will start during the
shutdown term before the summer of 2012, andpractical operation of BL4U is due to begin aroundthe end of the year. The introduction ofphotoemission electron microscopy to a branchbeamline of BL4U as well as upgrades of theundulator U5 and the SGM-TRAIN monochromator
at BL5U are still at the planning stage. Further
discussions will be continued toward formulating abasic plan for beamline construction with users.
All users are required to refer to the beamline
manuals and the UVSOR guidebook (the latest
revision in PDF format uploaded on the UVSOR
website in June 2010), at the time of conducting
actual experimental procedures. Those wishing to use
the open and in-house beamlines are recommended tocontact the relevant beamline master (see next page).
For updated information on UVSOR, please see thefollowing site: http://www.uvsor.ims.ac.jp
Eiji Shigemasa (UVSOR Facility)

13

Beamline List
Beamline

Monochromator/
Spectrometer

Energy Range

Targets

Techniques

Contact
M. Katoh

BL1U*

Free electron laser

BL1B

Martin-Puplett FT-FIR

BL2A

Double crystal

BL2B*

18 m spherical grating(Dragon)

BL3U*

Varied-line-spacing
plane grating(Monk-Gillieson)

BL3B

2.5 m off-plane Eagle

BL4B*

Varied-line-spacing
plane grating(Monk-Gillieson)

25 eV-1 keV

BL5U

Spherical grating(SGM-TRAIN†)

5-250 eV

BL5B

Plane grating

BL6U*

Variable-included-angle
varied-line-spacing
plane grating

BL6B

Michelson FT-IR

BL7U

10 m normal incidence(modified Wadsworth)BL7B

3 m normal incidence

BL8B

Plane grating

mkatoh@ims.ac.jp

1.6-13.9 eV

0.5-30 meV

585 eV-4 keV

24-205 eV

60-800 eV

1.7-30 eV

6-600 eV30-500 eV

3 meV-2.5 eV

6-40 eV

1.2-25 eV

1.9-150 eV

Solids

Reflection
Absorption

S. Kimura

Solids

Reflection
Absorption

N. Kondo

Gases

Photoionization
Photodissociation

H. Katayanagi

Gases
Liquids
SolidsAbsorption
Photoemission
Photon-emission

N. Kosugi

Solids

Reflection
Absorption

M. Hasumoto

Gases
SolidsPhotoionization
Photodissociation
Photoemission

E. Shigemasa

SolidsPhotoemission

M. Sakai

SolidsCalibration
Absorption

M. Hasumoto

Gases
SolidsPhotoionization
Photodissociation
Photoemission

E. Shigemasa

Solids

Reflection
Absorption

S. Kimura

SolidsPhotoemission

M. Matsunami

Solids

Reflection
Absorption

M. Hasumoto

SolidsPhotoemission

S. Kimurakimura@ims.ac.jp

nkondo@ims.ac.jp

kata@ims.ac.jp

kosugi@ims.ac.jp

hasumoto@ims.ac.jp

sigemasa@ims.ac.jp

sakai@ims.ac.jp

hasumoto@ims.ac.jp

sigemasa@ims.ac.jp

kimura@ims.ac.jp

matunami@ims.ac.jp

hasumoto@ims.ac.jp

kimura@ims.ac.jp

BL4U is under construction.
Yellow columns represent undulator beamlines.
*
In-house beamline.
†
Spherical grating monochromator with translating and rotating assembly including normal incidence mount.

14

BL1U
Free Electron Laser
The free electron laser (FEL) at UVSOR-II is being moved to a dedicated long straight section (S1). The FEL
is equipped with a variably polarized optical klystron of 3 m in length and an optical cavity of 13.3 m in length.
By using various multilayer mirrors for the cavity, the FEL can provide coherent light in a wide wavelength
range from 800 nm to 199 nm. The pulse duration is typically several tens of picoseconds. The repetition rate isapproximately 11 MHz. The average output power depends on the wavelength but its typical value is several
hundred milliwatts. Output power higher than 1 W was recorded at 230 nm and 570 nm. The FEL can be
operated in top-up injection mode. Users can use the FEL for several hours with quasi-constant output power.
The laser pulses are naturally synchronized with the synchrotron radiation pulses that are provided at othersynchrotron radiation beamlines. The laser beam can be transported to the beamlines using a mirror system forpump and probe experiments if requested.

Fig. 1. Schematic of the 13.3 m-long optical cavity.

Fig. 2. Left and right circularly polarized FEL
being delivered to B4 for an application
experiment.

Fig. 3. The FEL is delivered to BL7B. The FEL isirradiated on a target simultaneously with the SR .

FEL Specifications
Wavelength
Spectral band width
Polarization
Pulse rate
Max. average power
Cavity type
Cavity length
Cavity mirror

199-800 nm~10-4
Circular/linear
11.26 MHz
~1 W
Fabry-Perot
13.3 mHfO2, Ta2O5, Al2O3 multilayer

15

BL1B
Terahertz Spectroscopy Using Coherent Synchrotron Radiation
Coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) is a powerful light source in the terahertz (THz) region. This beamline
has been constructed for basic studies on the properties of THz-CSR. However, it can be also used formeasurements of reflectivity and transmission spectra of solids using conventional synchrotron radiation.
The emitted THz light is collected by a three-dimensional magic mirror (3D-MM, M0) of the same type as
those already successfully installed at BL43IR in SPring-8 and BL6B in UVSOR-II. The 3D-MM was installed
in bending-magnet chamber #1 and is controlled by a 5-axis pulse motor stage (x, z translation; Tx, Ty, Tz
rotation). The acceptance angle was set at 17.5-34 degrees (total 288 mrad) in the horizontal direction. The
vertical angle was set at r40 mrad to collect the widely expanded THz-CSR.
The beamline is equipped with a Martin-Puplett type interferometer (JASCO FARIS-1) to cover the THz spectral
region from 4 to 240 cm-1 (hQ = 500 PeV-30 meV). There is a reflection/absorption spectroscopy (RAS)
end-station for large samples (a several mm). At the RAS end-station, a liquid-helium-flow type cryostat witha minimum temperature of 4 K is installed.

Fig. 1. Schematic top view of the beam extraction partoftheTHz-CSRbeamline,
BL1B.
The
three-dimensional magic mirror (3D-MM, M0) and aplane mirror (M1) are located in the bending-magnet
chamber. A parabolic mirror (M2) is installed to form aparallel beam. The straight section (BL1U) is used forcoherent harmonic generation (CHG) in the VUVregion.

Fig. 2. Obtained intensity spectra with the
combination of a light source (UVSOR),
interferometer (FARIS-1), and detectors (Sibolometer and InSb hot-electron bolometer).

Beamline Specifications
Interferometer

Martin-Puplett (JASCO FARIS-1)

Wavenumber range(Energy range)

4-240 cm-1
(500 PeV-30 meV)

Resolution in cm-1

0.25 cm-1

Experiments

Reflection/transmission spectroscopy

Miscellaneous

Users can use their experimental system in thisbeamline.

16

BL2A
Soft X-Ray Beamline for Photoabsorption Spectroscopy
BL2A, which was moved its previous location as BL1A in 2011, is a soft X-ray beamline for photoabsorption
spectroscopy. The beamline is equipped with a focusing premirror and a double-crystal monochromator [1].
The monochromator serves soft X-rays in the energy region from 585 to 4000 eV using several types of single
crystals, such as E-Al2O3, beryl, KTP (KTiOPO4), quartz, InSb, and Ge. The throughput spectra measured usinga Si photodiode (AXUV-100, IRD Inc.) are shown in Fig. 1. The typical energy resolution (E / 'E) of themonochromator is approximately 1500 for beryl and InSb. There are no experimental setups that are specific tothis beamline, except for a small vacuum chamber equipped with an electron multiplier (EM) detector.
Photoabsorption spectra for powdery samples are usually measured in total electron yield mode, with the use of
the EM detector.

Photon Flux(photons/sec./100mA)[1] Hiraya et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63 (1992) 1264.

4

Beta-alumina
Beryl
KTP
InSb
Ge

2
9
10 8
6
4
2
8

10 8
6
4

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

Photon Energy(eV)Fig. 1. Throughput spectra of the double-crystal
monochromator at BL2A.

Fig. 2. Side view of BL2A.

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator

Double crystal monochromator

Monochromator crystals:

E-Al2O3 (22.53 Å, 585–1609 eV), beryl (15.965 Å, 826–2271 eV),

(2d value, energy range)

KTP (10.95 Å, 1205–3310 eV), quartz (8.512 Å, 1550–4000 eV),InSb (7.481 Å, 1764–4000 eV), Ge (6.532 Å, 2094–4000 eV)Resolution

E/'E = 1500 for beryl and InSb

Experiments

Photoabsorption spectroscopy

17

BL2B
Beamline for Gas Phase Photoionization and Reaction Dynamics
This beamline has been developed to study ionization, excitation, and decay dynamics involving inner-valence
electrons, 2p electrons of the third row atoms, and 4d electrons of the lanthanides. The monochromator is aspherical grating Dragon type with 18-m focal length. High throughput (1 u 1010 photons s-1) and high resolution(E/'E = 2000 - 8000) are achieved simultaneously under the condition of the ring current of 100 mA [1]. The
optical system consists of two pre-focusing mirrors, an entrance slit, three spherical gratings (G1 - G3), twofolding mirrors, a movable exit slit, and a refocusing mirror [2]. The monochromator is designed to cover theenergy range of 23–205 eV with the three gratings: G1 (2400 lines mm-1, R = 18 m) at 80–205 eV; G2 (1200lines mm-1, R = 18 m) at 40–100 eV; G3 (2400 lines mm-1, R = 9.25 m) at 23–50 eV. The percentage of thesecond-order light contamination at hQ = 45.6 eV is 23% for G2 or 7% for G3.
We have been measuring the yield curves of various fullerene ions [3]. Geometrical structures and electronic
properties of fullerenes have attracted widespread attention because of their novel structures, novel reactivity,and novel catalytic behaviors as typical nanometer-size materials. However, spectroscopic information was very
limited in the extreme UV region, owing to difficulties in acquiring sufficient sample amounts. This situation has
rapidly changed since the start of this century, because the techniques related to syntheses, isolation, andpurification have advanced so rapidly that an appreciable amount of fullerenes can now be readily obtained.
[1] M. Ono, H. Yoshida, H. Hattori and K. Mitsuke, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 467-468 (2001) 577.
[2] H. Yoshida and K. Mitsuke, J. Synchrotron Radiation 5 (1998) 774.
[3] J. Kou, T. Mori, Y. Kubozono and K. Mitsuke, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 7 (2005) 119.

Fig. 1. 18 m spherical grating
monochromator at BL2B.

Fig. 2. End station of BL2B for gas phase
spectroscopy of refractory materials.

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator

18 m spherical grating Dragon-type

Wavelength Range

6-55 nm; 24-205 eVResolution

2000–8000 depending on the gratings

Experiments

Mass spectrom.; photoelectron spectrosc.; momentum imaging
spectrosc.; e--ion coincidence spectrosc.; fullerene beam source

18

BL3U
Varied-Line-Spacing Plane Grating Monochromatorfor Molecular Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy
The beamline BL3U is equipped with an in-vacuum undulator composed of 50 periods of 3.8 cm period length.
The emitted photons are monochromatized by the varied-line-spacing plane grating monochromator (VLS-PGM)
designed for various spectroscopic investigations in the soft X-ray range including soft X-ray emission studies.
Three holographically ruled laminar profile plane gratings are designed to cover the photon energy range from60 to 800 eV. The beamline has two endstations, namely, XES setup and multi-purpose setup. The XES setup is
used for soft X-ray emission spectroscopy. The beam is horizontally focused onto the sample position by aplane-elliptical mirror, M2X. In the multi-purpose setup, the beam is focused by the toroidal mirror M2. Between
the sample position and M2, the differential pumping is placed.

S0

Top View

XES Setup
S1X

in-vacuum
plane undulator

M0: Cylindrical
R=47.253 m

M1: Spherical G: VLSP
R=88.826 m

sample176°

M2X: Plane-Elliptical
r1=11.7 m
r2=0.5 m

M2: Toroidal
R= 81.65 m
U = 37.23 mm

Multi-purpose setup S1

sample

176°
700
0

5300

Side View

3100
6000

S0

400
9100

2203

500

9500

11703

G

M2X

800
12203

13003

14603

S1X
sample

176°

177°

1600

173°

M1

S1

M0

M2

sampleFig. 1. Schematic layout (left) and the photography (right) of the BL3U. The distances along the beam from thecenter of the in-vacuum plane undulator are shown in millimeters. S1X and M2X can be replaced with the otherexit slit S1 so that experiments can be carried out at either the XES or the multipurpose endstation. In the XES
setup, the sample is placed 5–10 mm downstream of S1X.

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator

Varied-line-spacing plane grating monochromator

Energy Range

60-800 eVResolution

E / 'E > 10 000

Experiments

Soft X-ray spectroscopy (XPS, XES, XAS)

Beam Size

Gaussian shape(XES Endstation)

Vertical 5-20 Pm; Horizontal 41 Pm (FWHM)

19

BL3B (HOTRLU)
VIS-VUV Photoluminescence and Reflection/Absorption Spectroscopy
BL3B has been constructed to study photoluminescence (PL) in the visible (VIS) to vacuum ultraviolet (VUV)
region. This beamline consists of a 2.5 m off-plane Eagle type normal-incidence monochromator, which covers
the VUV, UV, and VIS regions, i.e., the energy (wavelength) region of 1.7-31 eV (40-730 nm), with threespherical gratings having constant grooving densities of 1200, 600, and 300 l/mm optimized at the photon
energies of ~20, ~16, and ~6 eV, respectively. The schematic side view and top view layouts are shown in Figs.
1(a) and 1(b), respectively. The FWHM of the beam spot at the sample position is 0.25 mm (V) u 0.75 mm (H).
Low energy pass filters (LiF, quartz, WG32, OG53) can be inserted automatically to maintain the optical purity
in the G3 (300 l/mm) grating region (1.7~11.8 eV). Figure 2 shows the throughput spectra (photon numbers at abeam current of 300 mA) for each grating with entrance and exit slit openings of 0.1 mm (resolving power E /'E of ~2000 (G3, ~6.8 eV)). Since both slits can be opened up to 0.5 mm, a monochromatized photon flux of1010 photons/s or higher is available for PL measurements in the whole energy region.
The end station is equipped with a liquid-helium-flow type cryostat for sample cooling and two detectors; oneof which is a photomultiplier with sodium salicylate and the other a Si photodiode for reflection/absorption
measurement. For the PL measurements in the wide energy region from VIS to VUV, two PL monochromators,
comprising not only a conventional VIS monochromator but also a VUV monochromator with a CCD detector,
are installed at the end station.

9

Photon Number (x10 /s/300mA)

3.0

(b)

(a)

2.5

G3
G2
G1

2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0

0

10

20

30

Photon Energy (eV)Fig. 1. Schematic layout of the BL3B (a) side view and (b)top view.

Fig. 2. Throughput spectra for each grating(G1:1200 l/mm, G2:600 l/mm and G3:300l/mm) with S1 = S2 = 0.1 mm.

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator-2.5 m normal-incidence monochromator

Energy range

1.7-31 eV (40~730 nm)

Resolution ('hQ/ hQ)

t 12000 (at ~ 6.9 eV, 0.02 mm slits, G1 (1200 l/mm)

Experiments

Photoluminescence, reflection, and absorption spectroscopy,
mainly for solids

20

40

BL4B
Varied-Line-Spacing Plane Grating Monochromatorfor Molecular Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy
The beamline BL4B equipped with a varied-line-spacing plane grating monochromator (VLS-PGM) wasconstructed for various spectroscopic investigations in a gas phase and/or on solids in the soft X-ray range.
Three holographically ruled laminar profile plane gratings with SiO2 substrates are designed to cover the photon
energy range from 25 to 800 eV. The gratings with groove densities of 100, 267, and 800 l/mm cover the
spectral ranges of 25–100, 60–300, and 200-1000 eV, respectively, and are interchangeable without breaking thevacuum. Fig. 1 shows the absolute photon flux for each grating measured using a Si photodiode (IRD Inc.),with the entrance- and exit-slit openings set at 50 and 50 Pm, respectively. The maximum resolving power(E/'E) achieved for each grating exceeds 5000.
㩷
㪈㪜㪈㪉

㪈㪜㪈㪈

㪪㫃㫀㫋㪑㩷㪌㪇P㫄㪄㪌㪇P㫄

㪞㪉

㪈㪜㪈㪇

㩷

㪠㫅㫋㪼㫅㫊㫀㫋㫐㩷㩿㫇㪿㫆㫋㫆㫅㫊㪆㫊㪀

㪞㪊

㪞㪈
㪈㪜㪐

㪈㪜㪏
㪇

㪉㪇㪇

㪋㪇㪇

㪍㪇㪇

㪏㪇㪇

㪈㪇㪇㪇

㪈㪉㪇㪇

㪧㪿㫆㫋㫆㫅㩷㪜㫅㪼㫉㪾㫐㩷㩿㪼㪭㪀

Fig. 2. Photo of BL4B.

Fig. 1. Throughput from the VLS-PGM
monochromator on BL4B.

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator

Varied-line-spacing Plane Grating Monochromator

Energy range

25-1000 eVResolution

E / 'E ! 5000 (at maximum)

Experiments

Soft X-ray spectroscopy (mainly, angle-resolved photoion spectroscopy forgaseous targets and photoelectron spectroscopy for gaseous and solid targets)

21

BL5U
Photoemission Spectroscopy of Solids and Surfaces
This beamline is designed for high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission study of solids and surfaces withhorizontal-linearly and circularly (CW, CCW) polarized synchrotron radiation from a helical undulator. The
beamline consists of a Spherical Grating Monochromator with a Translational and Rotational Assembly
Including a Normal incidence mount (SGM-TRAIN) and a high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission
spectrometer.
The SGM-TRAIN is an improved version of a constant-length SGM that aims at realizing the following
points: (1) covering the wide energy range of 5–250 eV, (2) high energy resolving power, (3) use of linearly andcircularly polarized undulator light, (4) reduction of higher-order light, and (5) two driving modes (rotation andtranslation of gratings) by computer control. The second-order light is well suppressed using laminar profile
gratings and combinations of mirrors and gratings.

Fig. 1. Throughput spectra from the SGM-TRAIN monochromator at BL5U.

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator

SGM-TRAIN

Energy Range

5-250 eVResolution

hQ/ 'E > 2,000 for < 40 Pm slits

Experiment

ARPES, AIPES, XAS

Flux<1011 photons/s for <40 Pm slits(in the sample position)

Main Instruments

Hemisphericalphotoelectron

analyzer(MBS-Toyama

A-1),

of

LEED

reverse‘Peter’type(OMICRON), Liq-He flow cryostat(5-400 K)

22

Fig. 2. High-resolution angle-resolved
photoemission apparatus at BL5U.

BL5B
Calibration Apparatus for Optical Elements and Detectors
BL5B has been constructed to perform calibration measurements for optical elements and detectors. This
beamline is composed of a plane grating monochromator (PGM) and three endstations in tandem. The most
upstream station is used for the calibration measurements of optical elements, the middle one for opticalmeasurements for solids, and the last for photo-stimulated desorption experiments. The experimental chamber at
the most downstream station is sometimes changed to a chamber for photoemission spectroscopy. The
calibration chamber shown in Fig. 2 is equipped with a goniometer for the characterization of optical elements,
which has six degrees of freedom, X-Y translation of a sample, and interchanging of samples and filters. These
are driven by pulse motors in vacuum. Because the polarization of synchrotron radiation is essential for suchmeasurements, the rotation axis can be made in either the horizontal or vertical direction (s- or p-polarization).

Fig. 1. Throughput spectra for possible combinations ofgratings and mirrors at BL5B measured by a gold mesh.

Fig. 2. A side view of the experimental
chamber for calibration measurements.

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator

Plane Grating Monochromator

Energy range

6-600 eV (2-200 nm)

Resolution

E / 'Ea500

Experiments

Calibration of optical elements, absorption of solids, photo-stimulated
desorption from rare-gas solids

23

BL6U
Variable-Included-Angle VLS-PGM for Molecular Soft X-Ray
Spectroscopy
The beamline BL6U equipped with a variable-included-angle Monk-Gillieson mounting monochromator witha varied-line-spacing plane grating was constructed for various spectroscopic investigations requiringhigh-brilliance soft X-rays in a gas phase and/or on solids.

Through a combination of undulator radiation andsophisticated monochromator design (entrance slit-less configuration and variable-included-angle mechanism),using a single grating, the monochromator can cover the photon energy ranging from 30 to 500 eV, withresolving power of greater than 10000 and photon flux of more than 1010 photons/s.

Figure 1 shows an exampleof the monochromator throughput spectra measured using a Si photodiode, with the exit-slit opening set at 30
Pm, which corresponds to the theoretical resolving power of 10000 at 80 eV.

Throughput spectra of the BL6U (Gap=13 mm, Slit=30Pm)

Flux(Photons/s/100mA:PD-AXUV100G)

1E13

3rd

1E12

5th

1st
1E11

DE 168q
DE 170q
DE 172q
DE 174q

1E10
1E9
1E8
1E7
30

100

Photon energy(eV)Fig. 1. Throughput spectra of the BL6U monochromator atvarious included angles.
Fig. 2. Photo of BL6U

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator

Variable-included-angle Varied-line-spacing Plane Grating Monochromator

Energy range

40-500 eVResolution

E / 'E ! 10000 (at maximum)

Experiments

High-resolution soft X-ray spectroscopy (mainly photoelectron spectroscopy forgaseous and solid targets)

24

BL6B
Infrared and Terahertz Spectroscopy of Solids
Synchrotron radiation (SR) has good performance (high brilliance and high flux) not only in the VUV and soft
X-ray (SX) regions but also in the infrared (IR) and THz regions. BL6B covers the IR and THz regions. The
previous beamline, BL6A1, which was constructed in 1985, was the pioneer in IRSR research. The beamline
was deactivated at the end of FY2003 and a new IR/THz beamline, BL6B (IR), was constructed in FY2004. The
front-end part including bending duct #6 was replaced with a new part having a higher acceptance angle (215
(H) u 80 (V) mrad2) using a magic mirror, as shown in Fig. 1 [1].
The beamline is equipped with a Michelson type (Bruker Vertex70v) interferometer to cover a wide spectral
region from 30 to 20,000 cm-1 (hQ = 4 meV-2.5 eV), as shown in Fig. 2. There are two end-stations; one forreflection/absorption spectroscopy (RAS) of large samples (up to several mm) and the other for IR/THz
microscopy (transmission microscopy: TM) of tiny samples (up to several tens of Pm). At the RAS end-station, aliquid-helium-flow type cryostat with a minimum temperature of 10 K is installed. At the TM end-station,pressure- and temperature-dependent THz spectroscopy can be performed. A superconducting magnet with amaximum field of 6 T can be installed by the exchange with the TM end-station.
[1] S. Kimura, E. Nakamura, T. Nishi, Y. Sakurai, K. Hayashi, J. Yamazaki, M. Katoh, “Infrared and terahertz
spectromicroscopy beam line BL6B(IR) at UVSOR-II,” Infrared Phys. Tech. 49 (2006) 147.

Fig. 1. Design of the optics and front end of BL6B.

Fig. 2. Schematic top view of BL6B.

Beamline Specifications
Interferometer

Michelson (Bruker Vertex70v)

Wavenumber Range(Energy range)

30-20,000 cm-1
(4 meV-2.5 eV)Resolution in cm-1

0.1cm-1

Experiments

Reflectivity and transmission
Microspectroscopy
Magneto-optics

Miscellaneous

Users can use their experimental system in this beamline.

25

BL7U (SAMRAI)
Angle-Resolved Photoemission of Solids in the VUV Region
Beamline 7U, named the Symmetry- And Momentum-Resolved electronic structure Analysis Instrument(SAMRAI) for functional materials, was constructed to provide a photon flux with high energy resolution andhigh flux mainly for high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of solids [1]. An APPLE-II-type
variable-polarization undulator is installed as the light source. The undulator can produce intense VUV light withhorizontal/vertical linear and right/left circular polarization. The undulator light is monochromatized by amodified Wadsworth type monochromator with three gratings (10 m radius; 1200, 2400, and 3600 lines/mm
optimized at hQ = 10, 20, and 33 eV). The energy resolution of the light (hQ / 'hQ) is more than 104 with aphoton flux of 1011-1012 ph/s or higher on samples in the entire energy region.
The beamline has a photoemission end-station equipped with a 200 mm-radius hemispherical photoelectron
analyzer (MB Scientific AB, A-l analyzer) with a wide-angle electron lens and a liquid-helium-cooled cryostat
with 6-axis pulse motor control (AVC Co., Ltd., i-GONIO). The main function of the beamline is to determine
the three-dimensional Fermi surface and electronic structure of solids at low temperatures and their temperaturedependence in order to reveal the origin of their physical properties.
[1] S. Kimura, T. Ito, M. Sakai, E. Nakamura, N. Kondo, K. Hayashi, T. Horigome, M. Hosaka, M. Katoh, T.
Goto, T. Ejima, K. Soda, “SAMRAI: A variably polarized angle-resolved photoemission beamline in the VUVregion at UVSOR-II,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81 (2010) 053104.
Fig. 1. Layout (a) and photograph (b) of
the SAMRAI beamline consisting of an
APPLE-II type undulator (U7), a modified
Wadsworth type monochromator (M0-S),
and a high-resolution photoemission
analyzer at the focal point. The
monochromator has five major opticalcomponents: two plane mirrors (M0 andM1) with water cooling, one set of threespherical gratings (G), an exit slit (S), andone toroidal refocusing mirror (M3). The
spherical gratings have a radius of 10 m andare located 22 m from the center of theundulator. There is no entrance slit. S is
located 6.47 m from G. A second branch fora VUV microscope end-station is planned tobe constructed after the plane mirror (M2)located between G and S.

Beamline Specifications
Light source
Monochromator
Photon energy range
Resolution (hQ/' hQ)
Photon flux on sample
Beam size on sample
Experiments

APPLE-II type undulator (Ou = 76 mm, N = 36)vertical/horizontal linear, right/left circular
10 m normal-incidence monochromator(modified Wadsworth type)6a40 eV (O = 30a200 nm)
1 u 104-5 u 104
t 1012-1011 ph/s (depending on hQ)
200 (H) u 50 (V) Pm2
Angle-resolved photoemission of solids(MB Scientific A-1 analyzer, acceptance angle: r 18 deg)

26

BL7B
3 m Normal-Incidence Monochromator for Solid-State Spectroscopy
BL7B has been constructed to provide sufficiently high resolution for conventional solid-state spectroscopy,
sufficient intensity for luminescence measurements, wide wavelength coverage for Kramers–Kronig analyses,
and minimum deformation to the polarization characteristic of incident synchrotron radiation. This beamline
consists of a 3-m normal incidence monochromator, which covers the vacuum ultraviolet, ultraviolet, visible,
and infrared, i.e., the wavelength region of 40–1000 nm, with three gratings (1200, 600, and 300 l/mm).

Twointerchangeable refocusing mirrors provide two different focusing positions. For the mirror with the longer focal
length, an LiF or a MgF2 window valve can be installed between the end valve of the beamline and the focusing
position. Fig.1 shows the absolute photon intensity for each grating with the entrance and exit slit openings of
0.5 mm. A silicon photodiode (AXUV-100, IRD Inc.) was utilized to measure the photon intensity and theabsolute photon flux was estimated, taking the quantum efficiency of the photodiode into account.

Fig. 2. Photo of BL7B.

Fig. 1. Throughput spectra of BL7B measured using
a silicon photodiode.

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator

3 m Normal-Incidence Monochromator

Wavelength Range

50-1000 nm (1.2-25 eV)Resolution

E / 'E = 4000-8000 for 0.01 mm slits

Experiments

Absorption, reflection, and fluorescence
spectroscopy, mainly for solids

27

BL8B
Angle-Resolved Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectrometer for Solids
BL8B is a beamline for the angle-resolved ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (ARUPS) system, which isdesigned to measure various organic solids such as molecular crystals, organic semiconductors, and conducting
polymers. This beamline consists of a plane-grating monochromator (PGM), a sample preparation chamber witha fast-entry load-lock chamber, a measurement chamber (base pressure 1 × 10-10 Torr), a cleaning chamber (basepressure 1 × 10-10 Torr), and a sample evaporation chamber (base pressure 3 × 10-10 Torr). The cleaning chamber
is equipped with a back-view LEED/AUGER, an ion gun for Ar+ sputtering, and an infrared heating unit. The
PGM consists of premirrors, a plane grating, focusing mirror, and a post-mirror, with an exit slit. It covers thewide range from 2 to 130 eV with two exchanging gratings (G1: 1200 l/mm, G2: 450 l/mm) and five cylindricalmirrors. The toroidal mirror focuses the divergent radiation onto the sample in the measurement chamber. The
spot size of the zeroth-order visible light at the sample surface is approximately 1 × 1 mm2. Figure 1 shows thethroughput spectra of PGM (slit = 100 ȝm). The energy resolution at a slit width of 100 ȝm was found to be
E/ǻE = 1000 in the wavelength range from 2 to 130 eV. A hemispherical electron energy analyzer of 75 mm
mean radius with an angular resolution less than 2° can be rotated around the vertical and horizontal axes. The
sample mounted on a manipulator (temperature range 14–320 K) can also be rotated around two axes.

Sample Current / A / R.C(100mA=1)

1E-8

1E-9

1E-10

GM[24]
GM[13]
GM[12]
GM[11]

1E-11

1E-12

0

20

40

60

80

100 120 140

Photon Energy / eV

Fig. 2. A photo of BL8B.

Fig. 1. Throughput spectra of plane-grating
monochromator at BL8B (slit = 100 ȝm).

Beamline Specifications
Monochromator

Plane-grating monochromator

Wavelength Range

9-600 nmResolution

E / ǻE = 1000

Experiments

Angle-resolved ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy

28