Product-Specific Criteria for EP and IJ Printer(PCR No: AD-04)
Note: These standards have been prepared for the development of EcoLeaf™ environmental labels. Use for any other purpose without consent of the EcoLeaf™ program office is strictly prohibited.
No.

1

Major
key

Preconditions

Minor key

Targetproduct

2

Class

Requirements

Description

Output devices for the computers in general use in homes, offices, and other places, using either the ink jet (IJ) technology
or the electrophotographic (EP) technology. Not included are,
EP printers using continuous form paper, or printers using paper sizes larger than A3.

Scope

Accessories include the following.
EP: Photoreceptor, toner, carrier (integrated cartridgesfor printers that use them)
IJ: Printhead, ink3Stage

Scope•All packaging (except for packaging that is used repeatedly
in general application)•Accessories for performing functions include printer drivers
provided on floppy disks, CD-ROMs, or other media, andmanuals provided in printed form, CD-ROMs, or otherforms.

All lifecycle stages (all stages specified in the PEIDS of thisprogram: manufacturing, distribution, use, discarding, andrecycling)No.

4Majorkey

Product
datasheet(PDS)
Input data for theLCI:
Lifecycle
inventory
analysis

Minor keyClass

Manufacturing
stage information(productinformation)

Productmaterials
or ingredientmakeupRequirements

1) Items classified as class A parts (see section 3.4 of implementation guidelines):
EP Printers
Photoreceptor
Notes: 1. Concerning cylinder processing:• Use processing energy data collected in house (when inhouse data collection is possible).
• See No. 14 when in-house data collection is impossible.
2. Use processing energy data collected in house forprocessing from making cylinder to applying coating.
Toner
Note: Use processing energy data collected in house.
Carrier
Note: Same conditions as toner.
IJ Printers
Printhead
InkNotes: 1. All ink constituents are treated as water, and theintensity for “water” is used, but this does not restrict the use of individual intensities.
2. For processing, use the processing energy dataobtained in house.
To evaluate materials in class A parts, go back to theMSDS material level.
2) To determine resource input amounts, use material mass
for the stage at which materials become products, get abreakdown of the masses of the materials making up at least
90% of total product mass, and prorate the rest to come out
to 100%.
3) The 11 materials listed on the product data sheet are:“Normal steel, Stainless steel, aluminum, other metals,
thermoplastic resins, thermosetting resins, rubber, glass,paper, semiconductor substrates, and wood.” For other materials, list their intensities.
4) Open recycling and reuse
When open recycling and reuse are included, each company
can calculate these categories by creating scenarios considered appropriate, and while taking careful note of the following items. The soundness of scenario bases is subject to verification.
(1) Processes regarded within the scope of “indirect effects”(2) Deductions and impacts within the scope of “indirect effects”

No.

5

Major
key

Minor keyClass

Manufac- Material
turingand enstage inergy information puts,(production consumpsite infortion, andmation)
emissions

Requirements

Input and consumption items
Electricity, fuel oil A, diesel fuel, kerosene, gasoline, LNG(town gas), LPG, city tap water, industrial water supply,
groundwater
However, determine the impact of processing energy forclass A parts by going back to the MSDS material level.
Emissions
Not specified. Each company should list those which itdeems important.
Transport impact for material inputs (raw materials and energy) is not factored in.
Byproducts and sub-materials are not factored in.
Sub-materials: Defined as materials input and discarded
at manufacturing sites, and not shipped with products.

6

Distribution Productstage intransport
formation conditions

1) The means of transportation to the user and the loading
factors are to be based on models established by each applicant company.
2) The quantification is to be done with a total domestic transportation distance (transportation up to the place of use) of
100 km. The product transportation from overseas to Japan isto include overseas land transportation and sea transportation,and the total distance figure is to be set by each company. Alternatively, it may be a value from an actual history at eachcompany.
3) Disposal/recycling of the main unit packaging is to be entered into the calculations in No. 8 "Disposal/Recycling".

No.

7

Major
key

Minor key

Usage
stage information

ClassProductusage
conditions

Requirements

1) Usage conditions
IJ process:• Pattern to be printed: ISO/IEC-24712• Number of prints: 10 sheets/day, 8 hours/day, 20days/month, 12 months/year, 3 years of use.
Note: Since 5 types of images are defined in ISO/IEC-24712,
two sets per day are to be printed.
• Printing mode: default mode for regular paper (ISO/IEC24711)• Measurement of standby power consumption: standby
power consumption conditions (hard/soft SWOFF state,when the power plug is connected) for the power plug to bemeasured in a connected state with the power outlet are tobe set at each company.
The conditions above are specified in description column onPEIDS.
EP process: Patterns to be printed are as follows:
Monochrome: K with printing rate of 5%
Color: YMCK (four colors) with printing rate of 5% eachCriterion for calculation shall comply with TEC test method ofUnited States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
(1) Number of prints per day for calculating the electricity
consumption shall be the value specified in TEC test method(i.e. 0.5 ipm2). (ipm: number of papers printed per minute inmonochrome printing. Printing performance)(2) The usage period of the printer shall be five (5) years.
(3) Therefore, total electricity consumption in five years shallbe as follows:
Total electricity consumption in 5 years = [TEC value] x 4weeks x 12 months x 5 years(TEC value: weekly electricity consumption calculated fromthe number of papers printed per day)(For details, see appendix “Calculation Procedure of Electricity Consumption of and Quantity of Consumables Usedon EP Printer.”)2) The papers necessary in the usage stage are not to be included in the entities to be entered into the burden calculations3) Quantities of regularly replaced parts and consumables
usedItems: Based on the plan at the time of the design, or on actual history.
Quantities: Quantities used based on the above (EP: 5 years;IJ: 3 years), with fractions rounded up to integers.
(For details on EP printer, see appendix “Calculation Procedure of Electricity Consumption of and Quantity of Consumables Used on EP Printer.”)

No.

Major
key

Minor keyClass

Requirements

Transport: Each company develops a model based on theabove.
4) Conditions for disposal and recycling of regularly replacedparts and consumables are set forth in No. 8 "Disposal / Recycling"No.
8Majorkey

Minor key

ClassWaste/ recycling
stage information

Productwaste/recyclingconditions

Requirements

1) Scenario development
Use the appendix: “Discarding and Recycling Scenarios forScrapped Products.”• Recovery routes are those in each company’s scenarios
which include transport.
• Reuse scenario• Recycling scenario
Each company sets material-specific recycling rates (=η).
• Industrial waste management scenario with no reuse or recycling.
2. For non-recovery route, use “Municipal Solid Waste Management
Scenario” (see appendix).
2) Deduction scenarioUse appendix: “Discarding and Recycling Scenarios for ScrappedProducts.”
3) Criteria for determination of recyclability and reusability Eachcompany decides on its own criteria.
4) Product recovery rate (the “part recovery rate” for consumables
and replacement parts shall be the same) EP: η2=40%
IJ: η2=1%
Or, each company may use its own actual rate (η1).
5) When products are reused
Based on its design values, each company sets the number oftimes a product is reused (N1) after the 5-year usage period. N1 isan integer.
To calculate the impact, use the above N1: deduction amount forpart reuse = “possible reuse amount planned at time of design byeach company” x “product recovery rate η2 (or η1)” x “reuse deduction ratio N1/(N1+1)”
6) For consumables and replacement parts
The number of times an item is reused during its lifetime is N2, andthe number of items used in 5 years is n, with fractions rounded up
to integers.
Impact calculation uses the above N2 and n: part impact = “impactgenerated until one part is manufactured” x “number of items usedin 5 years (n)”deduction amount for part reuse = “possible reuse amount planned
at time of design by each company” x “product recovery rate η 2 (orη1)” x “reuse deduction ratio N2/(N2+1)” x “number of items used in
5 years (n)”7) Concrete method for entering into the calculations the processing burdens for products or parts that are not recovered
The "End-of-life Product Disposal/Recycling Scenario" on the separate sheet is to be adopted.
Regarding entry of the transportation burden into the calculations,
60 km as the distance, 4t truck as the means for transportation,and 62% as the loading factor, are to be used.
Reference documents: Loading factors: Separate table No. 3 in theNotification No. 66 from the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; Transportation distance: "Study Report for LCA Investigation
Pertaining to Plastic Waste Management/Disposal", March 2001,
from the Plastic Waste Management Institute.
8) Open recycling and reuse
When open recycling and reuse are included, each company cancalculate these categories by creating scenarios considered appropriate, and while taking careful note of the following items. The
soundness of scenario bases is subject to verification.
(1) Processes regarded within the scope of “indirect effects”(2) Deductions and impacts within the scope of “indirect effects”

No.

Major
key

Minor key

Class

Inventory
analyses

Lifecycle
inventory
calculation rules

When open recycling/reuse is to be included, indirect impacts and direct impacts are to be calculated separately, andamong these, the indirect impact portions are to be represented as "recycling effects". In the PEIDS, the sum of
the indirect impacts is to be entered in the "recycling effects"
field.

Impactanalysis

Additional impact
category“Ozone layer depletion,” “eutrophication,” and “photochemical oxidants” deleted from the PEIDS.

11 BreakData prodown da- cessing
ta sheet(PDS12 related)
Data collection

Allocation
rule

Not unified; each company decides as it sees fit.

Coverage

When data are unobtainable, you may substitute data (including intensities) that include the conditions used in designingor planning.

13

Cut-off
rules

When a cut-off is applied for assembly or other impact, note
this fact and clearly state the reason.

9Product
Environmental
Information
Disclosure
Sheet
10 Product(PEIDS)
Environmental
Information
Disclosure
Sheet(PEIDS)

Requirements

No.

Majorkey14 Breakdown
datasheet(PEIDSrelated)

Minor keyClass

Requirements

Database

Base unit 1.
databaseselection
2.

For the assembly of purchased parts decided by eachcompany, the base unit "parts assembly" is to beadopted.
For the photoceptor materials, the base unit "Al plate" isto be adopted.
3. Regarding iron oxide (if used), the base unit "cold-rolled
steel plate" is to be used, without limiting the use of individual base units.
4. For the photoceptor drum processing, the base unit
"non-ferrous press" is to be adopted.
5. For the ink composition, base unit class name "utility(water)" is to be adopted, without limiting the use of individual base units.
For the above-mentioned base unit names, see the "baseunit list".

15

Baseunit databaseadditions16

Addition None.
of characterization
factor17 Productenvironmental
information

Product
specification

None.

EP Printers
1. Process (EP)
2. Monochrome/color
3. Print speed (monochrome/color)
4. Maximum paper size
5. Functions subjected to verification (two-side function andsuch).
IJ process
1. Maximum paper size
2. Process (IJ)No.

18Majorkey

Minor key

Data disclosureClassRequirements

1. Items to list
Compulsory items - “global warming impact, acidification impact, and energy consumption” - are specified (in the guidelines), while the 7 optional items (guidelines) may be listed
as desired.
2. Life cycle stages included
As desired.

3. Usage conditions
List: period of use (X years), amount of use (X pages [inmultiples of 10,000])
4. Method of representation
Use text, tables, and graphs as desired
When open recycling and reuse are included:• Show recycling effectiveness with dotted lines independently for each stage, without integrating actual impact.

19 Other en- Optional
vironitems
ment- related information

The following may be entered:(1) Type I and/or Type III environmental label(2) Acquisition of ISO 14001 certification(3) Certificates, approvals, or awards from national or industry
organizations(4) Information on hazardous substances

End-Of-Life Product Disposal/Recycling Scenario
General waste disposal fraction scenario

Non-recovery routeEnd-oflifeproduct(General waste handling)

Reuse scenario

Recovery route

Reuse partsamounts(Industrial waste handlingor reuse/recycling)

Repairs, tests,
cleaning, etc.

Amount ofreuse parts

Amounts thatcan be reusedas parts (deduction)

Recycling scenario

Determination

Recyclable
amountFragmentation,sorting, regeneration, etc.

Amounts of recycling materials

Amounts thatcan be reusedas materials(deduction)

Industrial waste disposal scenario(Handling as industrial waste)

General Waste Disposal Fraction Scenario

Determination

Fragmentation"Non-recovery route": route taken if entry into the calculations ismade in terms of disposal as general waste(municipalities' responsibility)(Handling ascombustible)(Handling as noncombustible)

General waste
incineration

General wastelandfilling"Recovery route":

route taken if entry into the calculations ismade in terms of disposal as industrial waste(businesses' responsibility) or reuse/recycling

Rev. 01 1st March2004

Calculation Procedure of Electricity Consumption of
and Quantity of Consumables Used on EP Printer(2) Weekly
electricity
consumption(TEC value)(TEC test method)

x4
weeks

(3) Monthly
electricity
consumption

x 12months(4) Annual
electricity
consumption

Calculation of Electricity Consumption(1) Number ofprints per day (ipm: number of prints per minute in monochrome printing.
(TEC: 0.5 ipm2)
Printing performance)x 5 days(6) Number ofprints perweek

x4weeks(7) Number ofprints permonthx 12months(8) Number ofprints peryear

Calculation of Quantity of Consumables Used

(5) Totalelectricity
consumptionx5
in 5 yearsyears• Monochrome printerNumber of prints in 5 years: 600
ipm2• Color printer(both serial drum andquadruplicate drum printers)
Number of prints in 5 years: 600
ipm2(Number of monochrome prints:300 ipm2)(Number of color prints: 300 ipm2)(9) Total numberof prints in 5years

x5yearsx (1 / Number of prints
per 1 cartridge)(10) Quantity ofconsumables used in
5 years

On the Changes in the Order of PCR Items
Due to the Revision of the Product Category Rules (PCR) Development Rules (R-06)
Due to the May 1st, 2008 rule revision, the order of product category rules (PCR) items were changed.
As this PCR was developed prior to the rule revision, the order follows the previous item numbers.
Indicated below is the correspondence between PCR items before and after the rule revision.
<PCR items prior to rule revision>No．

<PCR items after rule revision>
No．

PCR items prior to rule revision

PCR items after rule revision

Related forms[LCA examination range setting and label publication contents]
1

Product definitions

2

Product constitutive elements and evaluation units

3

Product life cycle stage→→→

1

Product definitions－

2

Product constitutive elements and evaluation units－

3

Product life cycle stage－

4

Product specifications

PEAD

5

LCA data publication contents

PEAD

6

New-to-old product comparison

PEAD

7

Other eco-design relevant informationPEAD[System area and data collection conditions setting]
4Raw materials/parts constitution

5Production stage data collection conditions→→

6

Distribution stage data collection conditions→

7Usage stage data collection conditions

8Disposal/recycling stage data collection conditions

9108

Product raw materials/parts constitution

9Article production stage modelling/data division, etc.

10Distribution stage modelling/data division, etc.

11

Usage stage modelling/data division, etc.

Breakdown DS (usage) PDS

12

Disposal/recycling stage modelling/data division, etc.

Breakdown DS (disposal/recycling) PDSLCI FGD/BGD data collection/processing

13

Cut-off rules

LCIA impact category14

Collection data quality requirements

15

Collection data allocation→→

11

Allocation

12

Data collection range[Inventory calculations]13

Cut-off rules

16

Approach to LCI calculation

17

LCI common base unit usage conditions

14

LCI BGD approximation substitution

15

LCI BGD PCR base unit

Breakdown DS (product) PDS
Breakdown DS (productionsite) PDS
Breakdown DS (distribution)
PDS

Breakdown DS (each stage),
PDS
Breakdown DS (each stage),
PDS
Breakdown DS (each stage),
PDS

Breakdown DS (each stage),
PEIDS
Breakdown DS (each stage),
PEIDS[Life cycle impact evaluation (characterization)]
16

LCIA BGD characterization factor additions

17

Product specifications

18

LCA data publication contents

19

Other environmentally relevant information→18

LCIA impact category and characterization factor
additions

Breakdown DS (each stage),PEIDS

Information on the development/approval of this PCR
Name of Commission makRepresentative: Youji Uchiyama
ing the determination
PCR development/Jan 01, 2008
revision date

Affiliation: University of Tsukuba
Validity period

Feb 01, 2014 to Jan 31, 2017

Note: For the current PCR, the validity period is full 3 years from the development/renewal or revision with the purpose of continuation.

History of revisions, etc. for this PCR
VersionDateNo., etc.

Action taken

June 3, 2002

01

DevelopmentMarch 1, 2004

02

Entry into the calculations of overseas transportation burden has been added;
direct impacts/indirect impacts distinction in the recycling effects has been added;
and quality-weighting factor has been removed.

September 29, 2004

03

Distribution stage contents have been corrected

January 1, 200804

The following have been corrected in PCR-BM-01(Item 6) sea and land transportations have been added; (Item 7) IJ process usageconditions have been corrected to latest criteria; (Item 8) distribution in the final
disposal has been entered into the calculations; (Item 9) production site assembly
burden calculation formula has been removed; and (Item 14) ink compositionbase unit has been correctedFebruary 1, 2011-

RenewalFebruary 1, 2014-

Renewal