Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. A, 44(1), pp. 11–28, February 22, 2018

Taxonomic Notes and New Distribution and Host Plant Records
for Sawﬂies and Woodwasps (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) of Japan III
Hideho Hara1, Shin-ichi Ibuki2, Tikahiko Naito3 and Akihiko Shinohara4
1

West 4 - North 3 - 4-29, Bibai, Hokkaido, 072–0033 Japan
E-mail: harahideho@bell.ocn.ne.jp
2
Wami 1355-13, Nakagawa, Tochigi, 324–0612 Japan
E-mail: banbi-fa@ktd.biglobe.ne.jp
3
Aoyama-Minami 4-13-7, Himeji-shi, Hyogo, 671–2223 Japan
E-mail: insect@meg.winknet.ne.jp
4
National Museum of Nature and Science,
4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–0005 Japan
E-mail: shinohar@kahaku.go.jp(Received 1 December 2017; accepted 20 December 2017)

Abstract Taxonomic and bionomic notes, and new distribution and host plant records are given
for 19 species of Argidae, Tenthredinidae and Cephidae of Japan and Korea. Redescriptions oradditional descriptions are given for Arla ruﬁthorax (Togashi, 1995), Nematus viburnum Hara,
2017, Pristiphora albobalteata Takeuchi, 1933 and P. fulviceps Takeuchi, 1933. The males of thesefour species are described for the ﬁrst time. Eleven species are newly recorded from Hokkaido andone species each from Honshu, Shikoku, the Ryukyu Islands and Korea, respectively. Previous distribution record of Janus piri Okamoto and Muramatsu, 1925, from Japan and that of Sinicephus
giganteus (Enderlein, 1913) from East Siberia are erroneous. New host plant records are given for
Mesoneura mikagei Togashi, 1998, Monophadnoides smithi Togashi, 1980 and P. fulviceps.
Key words: Hymenoptera, Argidae, Tenthredinidae, Cephidae, distribution, host plant, larva,
redescription.

Introduction
Under the present title, we have published two
papers (Shinohara and Hara, 2015; Hara and Shinohara, 2017), where we reported on new ﬁndings and ideas on various aspects of the Japanese
sawﬂies and woodwasps, including taxonomy,
distribution, bionomics and host plants. Each bitof the information included here is apparently triﬂing, but we believe accumulation of such small
bits of knowledge will really contribute to thefull understanding of the diversity of these
insects. This is the third paper in the series andtreats one species of the Argidae, 15 species of
the Tenthredinidae and three species of the
Cephidae.
We dedicate the present paper to the memoryof the late Dr. Ichiji Togashi (1929–2017), who
passed away on November 5, 2017. He made agreat contribution to the study of sawﬂies andwoodwasps of eastern Asia through his numerous
publications and his very friendly support andencouragement to all colleagues.
Material and Methods
The material used in this study is kept in the
National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba. Observations of morphology were madewith a Leica MS5 stereo binocular microscopeand Olympus BH-2 light microscope. Photographs were taken with digital cameras, Nikon
D2X, Olympus Stylus TG-4 Tough, Sony DSCH7, Sony DSC-RX100. The digital images wereH. Hara et al.

12

processed and arranged with Adobe Photoshop
Elements 8 and 15® software. For the morphological terminology, we generally follow Viitasaari (2002). Rearings were done in the rooms
in Shintoku and Bibai, Hokkaido by Hara, in
Nakagawa, Tochigi Pref., Honshu by Ibuki, andin Tsukuba, Ibaraki Pref., Honshu by Shinohara.
In the rearing rooms, the temperature and day
length were not controlled. However, in the rearings in Shintoku and Bibai, the hibernating individuals were moved in March or April into airconditioned rooms, where the temperatures wereabout 10–25°C.
Results and discussion
Argidae
Spinarge prunivora Hara and Shinohara, 2006
(Fig. 1A, B)
Spinarge prunivora Hara and Shinohara, 2006: 82; Shinohara and Hara, 2013: 101.

Material examined. SHIKOKU: Ehime Pref.:7 ♀, Mt. Takanawa-yama, 900 m, 33°56′33″N
132°51′11″E, coll. gregarious larvae on Cerasus
× yedoensis, 4. IX. 2017, mat. 8–9. IX., em.
27–29. IX. 2017, A. Shinohara; 8 mature larvae(in ethanol), same collection data, mat. 9–10.
IX., ﬁxed 10. IX., A. Shinohara.
Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku (new record), Kyushu. Korea (Shinohara
and Hara, 2013).
Bionomics. Host plants: Rosaceae: Cerasus
sargentii (Rehder) H.Ohba, C. × yedoensis(Matsum.) A.V.Vassil.
On September 4, 2017, Shinohara found a
total of 15 larvae of this species feeding on theleaves of Cerasus × yedoensis on Mt.
Takanawa-yama, Ehime Prefecture, Shikoku.
Seven larvae were feeding in a group (Fig. 1A),
whereas the remaining eight were scattered on
different nearby leaves. All of the seven larvae
forming the group matured on September 8 and
9, and seven female adults emerged on September 27 to 29 of the same year. The eight remaining larvae matured on September 9 to 10 and all

were ﬁxed in ethanol. This is a multivoltine species (Hara and Shinohara, 2006).
Remarks. Spinarge prunivora is recorded here
for the ﬁrst time from Shikoku. The late-instar
larvae of the Shikoku larvae had entirely palethoracic legs as in the Hokkaido and Honshu
specimens, unlike the Kyushu larvae, which haveblack-marked thoracic legs (Shinohara and Hara,
2013).
Tenthredinidae
Ametastegia geranii (Takeuchi, 1929)
Emphytina geranii Takeuchi, 1929: 501.
Protemphytus geranii: Takeuchi, 1952a: 37; Takeuchi,
1952b: 52.
Ametastegia geranii: Abe and Togashi, 1989: 546; Taeger
et al., 2010: 256; Lelej, 2012: 72.

Material examined. HOKKAIDO: 1 ♀, Bibai,
Koshunai, 6. VI. 2013, H. Hara.
Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido (new record),
Kunashiri Is. (Lelej, 2012), Honshu (Takeuchi,1929), Shikoku (Takeuchi, 1952b).
Remarks. This is the ﬁrst record from Hokkaido.
Ametastegia otogirii Okutani, 1956
Ametastegia (Protemphytus) otogirii Okutani, 1956: 97.
Ametastegia otogirii: Abe and Togashi, 1989: 546; Taeger
et al., 2010: 256.

Material examined. HOKKAIDO: 2 ♀, Tokachi, Shintoku, 4. IX. 2011, H. Hara; 1 ♂,Fukagawa, Takadomari, 9. VI. 2012, H. Hara.
Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido (new record),
Honshu (Okutani, 1956).
Remarks. This is the ﬁrst record from Hokkaido.
Arla ruﬁthorax (Togashi, 1995)(Figs. 1C–E, 3A–H)
Kihadaia ruﬁthorax Togashi, 1995: 92.
Arla ruﬁthorax: Wei and Nie, 1998: 7; Wei and Nie, 2003:
44; Taeger et al., 2010: 632.

Additional description, female (Fig. 1C, D).

Taxonomic Notes and New Records in Japanese Symphyta III

Mesoscutellum often darkened. Wings somewhat
pale apically. Head in dorsal view with length
behind eye 0.5–0.6 × eye length. Postocellar
area anteriorly narrowly furrowed entirely; lateral furrow anteriorly distinct. Depression of dorsal tentorial pit fused with depression around torulus but separated from it by low transverse
ridge. Distance between toruli 1.0–1.3 × distance between torulus and eye. Genal carina
inconspicuous. Antenna with pedicel shorter thanscape; ﬁrst ﬂagellomere longer than second; apical four ﬂagellomeres combined 1.1–1.2 × aslong as ﬁrst ﬂagellomere. Mandibles each withthree inner teeth; most basal tooth weak. Mesoscutellar appendage bare. Mesepisternum setose
dorsally and ventrally, widely bare in middle.
Basal two tarsomeres of all legs without planter
lobe. Forewing with joint of crossvein 2r-m andvein M apart from joint of crossvein 2 m-cu andvein M; basal anterior angle of vein 2A＋3A
without basally projecting spur. Cercus about
2.5–3.5 × as long as wide (Fig. 3C). Ovipositor(Fig. 3D, E): Lance distinctly widened at basal
third, slightly serrate on middle of dorsal margin,
with annular sutures waved, and annuli oblique,their dorsal ends located apical to ventral ends;
lancet nearly straight, with about 20–23 serrulae;
basal annulus with serrula inconspicuous or verysmall; rows of ctenidial setae long, widely separated from ventral margin of lancet. Punctures
ﬁne or inconspicuous.
Description, male (hitherto undescribed) (Fig.
1E). Differing from female as follows except forusual sexual differences.
Length 6.0–7.0 mm. Black, without pale areas.
Subgenital plate widely truncate apically. Genitalia Fig. 3F, G; gonostipes in ventral view withposteromedial margin concave; parapennis
absent; harpe apically rounded; penis valve (Fig.
3H) simple, in dorsal view narrow, roundly convex laterally at middle of valviceps, in lateralview weakly concave dorsally near apex androunded apically, with scale like wrinkles apically.
Material examined. HONSHU: Tochigi Pref.:12 ♀4 ♂, Nakagawa, Wami, coll. larvae on

13

Phellodendron amurense, em. 29. V. – 5. VI.
2010, S. Ibuki; 1 ♀1 ♂, Nakagawa, Koisago,coll. larvae on Phellodendron amurense, 5. VII.
2013, mat. 10. VII., em. 23–24. V. 2014, S. Ibuki.
Distribution. Japan: Honshu (Togashi, 1995).
China: Fujian (Wei and Nie, 2003).
Bionomics. Host plants: Rutaceae: Phellodendron amurense Rupr. (Togashi, 1995).
In Nakagawa, Honshu, Japan, the gregarious
larvae were collected in early July. They matured
in late July and became adults in the following
spring. This sawﬂy probably has a univoltine life
cycle.
Remarks. Arla Malaise, 1957 is a small East
Asian genus consisting of three species (Taeger
et al., 2010), A. carbonaria Malaise, 1957 from
Vietnam, A. evodiae (Xiao, 1993) from Sichuan,
China and A. ruﬁthorax. The female of A. carbonaria is entirely black (Malaise, 1957) but thefemales of A. evodiae and A. ruﬁthorax are blackwith the thorax widely orange. The male is
known only for A. evodiae and A. ruﬁthorax.
Both are entirely black. Arla evodiae and A.
ruﬁthorax differ in the lancet and the penis valve.
The rows of ctenidial setae of a lancet areextending to the ventral margin of a lancet in A.
evodiae (ﬁg. 1 in Xiao, 1993) but widely separated from the ventral margin in A. ruﬁthorax(Fig. 3D, E). The penis valve is not concave on
the dorsal margin in A. evodiae (ﬁg. 3 in Xiao,
1993; dorsal is below) but concave on the dorsal
margin near the apex in A. ruﬁthorax (Fig. 3H).
Eutomostethus pilosus Seiyama, 1981
Eutomostethus pilosus Seiyama, 1981: 169; Abe andTogashi, 1989: 549; Taeger et al., 2010: 326.

Material examined. HOKKAIDO: 3 ♂, Tokachi, Ashoro, Lake Onneto, 29. VII. 2011, H.
Hara; 1 ♂, Tokachi, Shimizu, Nissho-toge, 26.
VII. 2011, H. Hara; 1 ♀, same except 29. VII.
2011; 1 ♀1 ♂, same except 29. VII. 2012; 1 ♂,Kamikawa, Nayoro, Mt. Piyashiri-yama, 30. VI.
2012, A. Shinohara.
Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido (new record),
Honshu (Seiyama, 1981).

H. Hara et al.

14

Fig. 1. A, B, Larvae of Spinarge prunivora on Cerasus × yedoensis. C, D, Arla ruﬁthorax, female, dorsolateral andventral views; E, same, male, dorsolateral view. F, G, Late instar larvae of Mesoneura mikagei on Acer amoenum var. matsumurae. H, I, Nematus viburnum, male, dorsolateral and ventrolateral views. J–L, Pristiphoraalbobalteata: J, Female, holotype, dorsal view; K, L, female, dorsal and ventral views. A, B. Mt. Takanawayama, 4. IX. 2017, photographed by A. Shinohara; C, D, Nakagawa; E, same; F, G, Mikasa, 11. VI. 2016, photographed by H. Hara (scales in B are 1 mm); H, I, Takayama; K, L, foot of Mt. Oginosen. K, L, photographedby F. Ito just after killing.

Taxonomic Notes and New Records in Japanese Symphyta III

15

Fig. 2. A, B, Pristiphora albobalteata, male, dorsal and ventral views. C–L, Pristiphora fulviceps: C, D, Female,
holotype, dorsal and ventral views; E–G, female, dorsal, lateral and ventral views; H, female, ventrolateralview; I–K, male, dorsal, lateral and ventral views; L, late instar larva on Carpinus cordata. A, B, Sayo; E–G,
Nakagawa; H, Shintoku; I–K, Nakagawa; L, Nakagawa, 25. V. 2011, photographed by S. Ibuki. A, B, E–G,
I–K, photographed by F. Ito just after killing.

Remarks. This is the ﬁrst record from Hokkaido.

Eutomostethus togashii Seiyama, 1981
Eutomostethus togashii Seiyama, 1981: 163; Abe andTogashi, 1989: 549; Taeger et al., 2010: 327.

Material examined. HOKKAIDO: 7 ♂, Toka-

16

H. Hara et al.

chi, Ashoro, 29. VII. 2011, H. Hara; 1 ♂, Tokachi, Shikaoi, Yamada-onsen, 4. VII. 2012, H.
Hara;1 ♀, Tokachi, Shintoku, 14. VI. 2012, H.
Hara; 1 ♀, Kamikawa, Higashikawa, Asahidakeonsen, 1. VII. 2012, H. Hara.

Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido (new record),
Honshu (Seiyama, 1981).
Remarks. This is the ﬁrst record from Hokkaido.

Taxonomic Notes and New Records in Japanese Symphyta III

Masaakia katayamai Togashi, 2002
Masaakia katayamai Togashi, 2002: 373; Taeger et al.,
2010: 332.

Material examined. HOKKAIDO: 1 ♀, Tokachi, Shimizu, Nissho-toge, 16. VI. 2012, H. Hara.
Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido (new record),
Honshu (Togashi, 2002).
Remarks. This is the ﬁrst record from Hokkaido.
Masaakia longivaginata Takeuchi, 1950

Masaakia longivaginata Takeuchi, 1950: 18; Takeuchi,
1952a: 53; Abe and Togashi, 1989: 551; Taeger et al.,
2010: 332.

Material examined. HOKKAIDO: 1 ♀, Tokachi, Shikaoi, Yamada-onsen, 18. VII. 2011, H.
Hara.
Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido (new record),
Honshu (Takeuchi, 1950).
Remarks. This is the ﬁrst record from Hokkaido.
Mesoneura mikagei Togashi, 1998
(Fig. 1F, G)
Mesoneura mikagei Togashi, 1998: 35; Taeger et al.,
2010: 412; Wei et al., 2013: 235.

Immature stages. Final feeding instar larva (?
ﬁnal instar larva) (Fig. 1F, G): Length about
15 mm; head pale brawn; thoracic legs pale yellow gray, basally black; trunk greenish gray, laterally with black spots; thoracic legs ﬁve segmented; prolegs present on second to eighth and10th abdominal segments; proleg of eighth segment small; third abdominal segment dorsallywith sixth inconspicuous annulets; tenth abdominal tergum simple, without caudal protuberance,

17

with posterior margin rounded in dorsal view.
Larval exuvia in cocoon (ﬁnal instar larva):
Clypeus with two pairs of setae; labrum symmetric, deeply concave apically, with two pairs ofsetae; mandible with two setae on lateral surface.
Cocoon: Length 8.5 mm, width 4.5 mm; blackish brown; double walled, tough; outer wallroughly ﬁbrous; inner wall parchment like.
Material examined. HOKKAIDO: 1 ♀ and its
cocoon,Mikasa,Kayano,43°12′26″N141°51′22″E, coll. 14 gregarious larvae (rearing
code HH160611A) on Acer amoenum var. matsumurae, 11. VI. 2016, mat. 12–13. VI., em. 20. IV.
2017, H. Hara.
Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido (new record),
Honshu (Togashi, 1998).
Bionomics. Host plants: Sapindaceae: Acer
amoenum Carrière var. matsumurae (Koidz.) K.
Ogata (new record).
In Hokkaido, gregarious late instar larvae were
found in middle June on a few adjacent leaves.
Under the rearing conditions, the larvae matured
in middle June and entered the soil. One female
adult emerged in the following spring. This sawﬂy has one generation per year and overwintersin a cocoon in the soil. We did not conﬁrm
whether the larva had an extra molt or not.
Remarks. This is the ﬁrst record from Hokkaido and the ﬁrst host plant record. The previously known host plants of Mesoneura Hartig,
1837 are Quercus and Larix (Liston, 2012; Weiet al., 2013). Acer is recorded for the ﬁrst time asa host plant for the genus.
Mesoneura shishikuensis Togashi, 1965
Mesoneura shishikuensis Togashi, 1965: 1; Hara andShinohara, 2017: 66. For more synonymy, see Haraand Shinohara, 2017.

Fig. 3. A–H, Arla ruﬁthorax (A–E, female; F–H, male); I–K, Nematus viburnum (male); L–Q, Pristiphora albobalteata (L–P, female; Q, male); R–V, Pristiphora albobalteata (R–U, female; V, male). A, L, R, Head, dorsal (A)or anterodorsal (L, R) views; B, antenna, inner view; C, O, P, T, U, ovipositor sheath, lateral (C, O, T) and dorsal (P, U) views ; D, ovipositor, lateral view (1, 10, 20, ﬁrst (most basal), tenth, twentieth annulus); E, middle
part of lancet (6, sixth annulus); F, G, J, genitalia, dorsal (F) and ventral (G, J) views; H, K, penis valve, lateralview (left dorsal); I, Q, V, apex of abdomen, dorsal view (genitalia removed in V); M, S, claw; N, cell Sc andits adjacent area of fore wing. A–E, Nakagawa; F–H, Nakagawa; I–K, Takayama; L, N, Shinonsen; M,
Sasayama; O, P, Shikotsu-ko; Q, Sasayama; R, S, holotype; T, U, Nakagawa; V, Nakagawa. D, O, reversed.

H. Hara et al.

18

Material examined. HOKKAIDO: 1 ♀, Tokachi, Shintoku, coll. larva 1. VI. 1991, em. III.
1992, Host: “Quercus mongolica grosseserrata” [＝Q. crispula], H. Hara.
Bionomics. Host plants: Fagaceae: Quercus
crispula Blume (new record).
A larva was collected in early June in Hokkaido. It overwintered in a cocoon in the soil andbecame an adult in the following spring under
the rearing conditions. This sawﬂy has one generation a year.
Remarks. This is the ﬁrst host plant record.
Monophadnoides smithi Togashi, 1980
Monophadnoides smithi Togashi, 1980: 126; Togashi,
1984b: 66; Abe and Togashi, 1989: 551; Taeger et al.,
2010: 335.

Material examined. HONSHU: 1 ♀, Tochigi
Pref., Nakagawa, Wami, coll. larva on Rubus
parvifolius 15. VI. 2012, mat. 20. VI., em. 17. IV.
2013, S. Ibuki.
Bionomics. Host plants: Rosaceae: Rubus
mesogaeus Focke (Togashi, 1984b), R. parvifolius L. (new record).
Remarks. Rubus parvifolius is recorded for theﬁrst time as a host plant of this species.
Monsoma pallipes (Matsumura, 1912)
Poecilosoma pallipes Matsumura, 1912: 61.
Empria pallipes Takeuchi, 1952a: 36; Abe and Togashi,
1989: 548.
Monsoma pallipes: Prous et al., 2011: 355.

Material examined. HONSHU: Gunma Pref.:2 ♀, Minowa, 1000 m, Mt. Akagi-san, 17–20. V.
2001, A. Shinohara. ― Nagano Pref.: 1 ♀,Niiyama-toge, 1200 m, Ina, 23–24. V. 2003, A.
Shinohara. ― KOREA: 1 ♀, Mt. Nogodan,
1200 m, Chirisan Mts., 26–28. V. 1997, A. Shinohara. ― RUSSIA: PRIMORSKIJ KRAJ: 2 ♀,Anisimovka, 300 m, 29. V. –1. VI. 1994, A. Shinohara; 3 ♀, Pass, 500 m, 28 km NW of Partizansk, 13–14. VI. 1995, A. Shinohara.
Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu (newrecord). Korea (new record) and Russia (Primor-

skij Kraj) (Prous et al., 2011).
Remarks. This species was described from
Hokkaido, Japan, and later recorded from Primorskij Kraj, Russia (Prous et al., 2011). The
specimens listed above represent the ﬁrst records
from Honshu and Korea. The ﬁve specimens
examined from Primorskij Kraj are indistinguishable from those from Hokkaido, whereas the
Korean specimen (only one available) has the
stigma and veins slightly darker than those from
Hokkaido and Primorskij Kraj. The legs of thisKorean specimen are darkened, though someHokkaido specimens also have such dark legs.
On the other hand, the three Honshu specimens
are appreciably darker than the specimens fromother areas. The stigma and veins are blackish
brown and the legs are largely marked withblack. In the two specimens from Minowa, thepale brown or creamy white marks on the head,thorax and abdomen are reduced, though thecolor pattern is basically the same as the Hokkaido specimens. In one specimen from
Niiyama-toge, the head capsule and thorax are all
black, except for the dorsal part of the pronotum
and most of the tegula. The richly pale-marked
head is characteristic of M. pallipes and Prous etal. (2011) regarded it as the most useful characterfor distinguishing M. pallipes from the otherthree congeneric species. Here we treat the three
Honshu specimens as M. pallipes but their systematic position should be revised when morematerial becomes available.
Nematus viburnum Hara, 2017
(Figs. 1H, I, 3I–K)
Nematus viburnum Hara, 2017: 62.

Description, male (hitherto undescribed) (Fig.
1H, I). Differing from female as follows except
for usual sexual differences.
Length 8.0–9.0 mm. Legs black; trochanters
ventrally brown apically; fore femur mostly
brown; middle femur dark brown, posteriorly
and ventrally brown; hind femur ventrally brownbasally; fore and middle tibiae ocher, basallyTaxonomic Notes and New Records in Japanese Symphyta III

slightly whitish; basal third of hind tibia white;fore and middle tarsi ocher, apically slightly
darkened; tibial spurs yellow ocher, hind ones
dark brown; claws brown. Abdomen black
entirely or with anterior parts of third and fourth
segments brown.
Depth of apical emargination of clypeus 1.0–
2.5 × median height of clypeus. Antenna withﬁrst ﬂagellomere 0.8–0.9 × as long as eyeheight; second ﬂagellomere 1.3–1.4 × as long asﬁrst. Inner tooth of claw sometimes not curved.
Seventh abdominal sternum weakly concave on
posterior margin. Procidentia distinctly protruding posteriorly, in dorsal view widely roundedapically (Fig. 3I). Subgenital plate apicallyrounded, 0.6–0.7 × as long as hind tibia. Male
genitalia (Fig. 3I, J): Valvispina spine like andparavalva convex apically below valvispina (Fig.
3K).
Variation. In the additional material(1 ♀13 ♂), the anterior depressed area of themetepisternum is not or slightly narrowing dorsally.
Material examined. HONSHU: Nagano Pref.:1 ♀13 ♂, Takayama, Maki, 36°39′N 138°26′E,
22. V. 2017, A. Shinohara.
Remarks. Nematus viburnum belongs to thespecies group of N. lucidus (Panzer, 1801) characterized by the right mandible with the anterior
surface abruptly sunk at the apical third and theleft mandible without an inner tooth (Hara,2017). This group contains only N. viburnum andN. lucidus. Their males are quite different in coloration (compare Fig. 1H, I with the images of N.
lucidus in Anonymous, 2017a).
Pristiphora albobalteata Takeuchi, 1933
(Figs. 1J–L, 2A, B, 3 L–Q, 4)
Pristiphora albobalteata Takeuchi, 1933: 32; Takeuchi,
1952a: 71; Abe and Togashi, 1989: 554; Naito et al.,
2004: 27; Haris, 2006: 202, 215; Taeger et al., 2010:
465.

Redescription, female (Fig. 1J–L). Length 4.0–
6.0 mm. Black. Vertex with or without brownspot near eye. Supraclypeal area often medially19

brown. Clypeus brown to dark brown, often
becoming pale dorsolaterally. Labrum entirely
pale yellow, or brown, apically yellow. Mandible
apically widely brown. Palpi pale yellow, basallydarkened. Thorax yellow on wide posterodorsal
area of pronotum and tegula; postspiracularsclerite yellow, sometimes anteriorly darkened.
Legs pale yellow or white on apices of coxae,
trochanters, trochantelli, narrow apices of femora, fore and middle tibiae and tarsi, hind tibia
except for apical fourth to ﬁfth, and hind ﬁrst tarsomere except for apical half to fourth; spurs yellow, hind one dark brown; claws brown. Most of
wing veins and stigma dark brown; in fore wing,veins C, Sc, R＋M and R1 yellow brown to darkbrown, and narrow base of vein C, wide base ofvein Sc and wide base of vein A pale yellow.
Abdomen pale yellow to reddish yellow on second to fourth segments except for anterior area of
second tergum in Honshu specimens (14 ♀), on
posterior area of ﬁrst tergum and from second
segment to anterior area of ﬁfth segment in Hokkaido specimen (1 ♀). Cercus brown to darkbrown.
Head in dorsal view not dilated behind eye,with length behind eye 0.2–0.3 × eye length.
Postocellar area with width 2.0–2.2 × medianlength; anterior margin widely convex anteriorly
beyond posterior end of lateral ocellus in dorsal
view; anterior furrow narrow; lateral furrow
short. Head with length behind lateral ocellus
1.5–2.0 × length of lateral ocellus.
OOL:POL:OCL ＝ 0.8–0.9:1.0:0.4–0.7. Head inlateral view with eye height about 5–6 × distance from dorsal margin of eye to dorsal mostpoint of head. Frontal area raised, posteriorly
with pair of weak convexities (Fig. 3 L); lateral
margin dull, nearly parallel or slightly converging to another anteriorly, not ridged. Area justabove dorsal tentorial pit without transverse
ridge. Frontal pit circular or horizontally longoval, sometimes weak (Fig. 3 L). Frontal crest
inconspicuous. Edge of torulus ridged only on
narrow dorsomedial area and narrow ventrolateral area. Inner margins of eyes slightly converging ventrally (Fig. 3 L). Distance between eyes at

20

H. Hara et al.

anterior tentorial pit 1.1–1.2 × eye height. Clypeus slightly or weakly emarginate apically; depthof apical emargination 0.2–0.4 × median height;
width 3.3–3.9 × maximum height; maximum
height 0.6–0.7 × torulus height. Malar space
0.8–0.9 × as wide as median ocellus. Antenna
2.1–2.3 × as long as head width (Fig. 1K); ﬁrst
ﬂagellomere length 0.8 × eye height, 0.9–1.1 ×
second ﬂagellomere length. Each mandible with
one inner tooth. Apical maxillary palpomere 1.0–
1.2 × as long as torulus height.
Notaulus distinct. Mesoscutellar appendage
length 1.3–1.5 × short diameter of cenchrus.
Prepectus very small or very narrow. Epicnemium much wider than mesothoracic spiracleheight; epicnemial groove faint or inconspicuous.
Mesepisternum including epicnemium without
groove along anterior margin. Anepimeron not
sunken posteriorly, and divided from katepimeron by weak groove; katepimeron bare. Anterior
fore tibial spur with velum. Claws each withlarge inner tooth (Fig. 3M); depth of concavity
between teeth about as long as distance between
teeth. Fore wing with cell Sc less than 0.1 × as
wide as vein C including its marginal lamella atbase of vein Rs＋M (Fig. 3N).
Hypopygium usual, with posterior margin
weakly concave beside medial projection. Cercus
slender, about 5 × as long as wide, extending
posteriorly beyond ovipositor sheath (Fig. 3O,
P). Ovipositor sheath in lateral view with dorsal
margin straight, ventral margin, rounded andapex pointed, in dorsal view about 2–2.5 × as
wide as cercus, apically slightly emarginate andwith short medial projection. Lance annulated on
apical two-thirds; basal and middle annuli curved
and weakly oblique (Fig. 4G). Lancet with large
tangium and about 23–25 serrulae (Fig. 4A, C,E); ctenidia each one row of long setae; basal
annular sutures dorsally widely separated fromdorsal margin of lancet, ventrally curved basally;basal annuli ventrally lacking ctenidia; middle
and apical annular sutures arched; apical annuli
dorsally lacking ctenidia; serrulae low (Fig. 4B,
D, F).
Head mostly rough, with anterodorsal area

widely weakly granulate; vertex except for ocellar area and clypeus smooth. Thorax mostly
smooth and shiny, with inconspicuous punctures;
pronotum microsculptured; mesoscutum except
for posterolateral sunken area and mesoscutellar
appendage with dense ﬁne punctures; posterolateral sunken area of mesoscutum faintly microsculptured centrally; mesopostnotum laterally
microsculptured, smooth on wide medial area.
Abdomen reticulately microsculptured.
Description, male (hitherto undescribed) (Fig.
2A, B). Length 4.0–4.5 mm. Differing fromfemale as follows, except for usual sexual differences. Flagellum dark brown, basally yellow
ventrally. Fore and middle femora except for trochantelli brown yellow, dorsally and ventrally
black, apically yellow; hind tibia narrowly darkened apically. Stigma dark brown, anteriorly yellow; in fore wing, veins C, R＋M, R1 and A
mostly yellow to yellow brown. Second to fourth
abdominal segments dorsally black, reddish yellow on laterotergites and sterna.
Head with length behind lateral ocellus 1.4 ×
length of lateral ocellus. Distance between eyes
at anterior tentorial pit 1.0 × eye height. Malar
space 0.6 × as wide as median ocellus. Antenna
with setae uniform in size.
Subgenital plate widely rounded along posterior margin (Fig. 2B). Procidentia small, in dorsal view slightly protruding posteriorly (Fig. 3Q).
Male genitalia (Fig. 4H, I): Parapennis long,pointed at apex; valvispina very long, arisingfrom middle of ventral margin of valviceps (Fig.
4J, K); paravalva projecting above valvispina,
about half as long as valvispina; pseudoceps
straight, rounded at apex.
Material examined. Holotype: ♀, “22. IV.
1917 Minomo Takeuchi” “Pristiphora albobalteata Tak. Holotype”. Paratype: 1 ♀, “27, IV,
1916 Minomo Takeuchi”.
Other material examined: HOKKAIDO: 1 ♀,Lake Shikotsu-ko, 4–5. VI. 1999, A. Shinohara.
― HONSHU: Tochigi Pref.: 1 ♀, Kanuma, Kusagyu, 5. V. 2005, T. Saito. ― Niigata Pref.: 1 ♀,“Takane”, 3. V. 1983, I. Togashi, NSMT-HYM
62125. ― Nagano Pref.: 1 ♀, Lake Nojiri-ko,

Taxonomic Notes and New Records in Japanese Symphyta III

21

Fig. 4. Pristiphora albobalteata: A–F, Lancet and serrulae (1, 10, 20, ﬁrst (most basal), tenth, twentieth annulus);G, lance; H, I, male genitalia, dorsal and ventral views; J, K, penis valve, lateral view (left dorsal). A, B, Holotype; C, D, Lake Shikotsu-ko; E, F, Sasayama; G, Shinonsen; H–J, Sayo; K, Sasayama. G, Reversed.

27. V. 1981, A. Shinohara, “Pristiphora helvicincta Togashi, n. sp. Holotype” (unpublishedspecies), NSMT-HYM 62124. ― Hyogo Pref.:1 ♀, Sasayama, em. 16. IV. 1962, host: Acer palmatum, T. Naito; 2 ♀2 ♂, same except host:Acer sp. (partly cited by Naito et al., 2004); 2 ♀,same except em. 15. IV. 1963; 1 ♀, Sasayama, 1.

V. 1968, T. Naito (cited by Naito et al., 2004);
1 ♀, Sasayama, Mt. Koganegatake, 23. IV. 1961,
T. Naito; 1 ♀, Shinonsen, Foot of Mt. Oginosen,
7. V. 2012, T. Naito; 1 ♂, Sayo, Mikazuki, 18.
IV. 2012, T. Naito. ― Locality unknown: 1 ♀,“Goshiki, 2120 525”, J. Yoshioka, NSMT-I-Hym
20214.

22

H. Hara et al.

Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido (new record),
Honshu (Takeuchi, 1933).
Bionomics. Host plant: Sapindaceae: Acer sp.
(Naito et al., 2004), Acer palmatum Thunb. (newrecord).
The adults were collected from mid April tolate May in Honshu and in early June in Hokkaido.
Remarks. This is the ﬁrst record from Hokkaido and the ﬁrst deﬁnite record of the hostplant.
Most Japanese species of Pristiphora Latreille,
1810 including P. albobalteata are externallyseparated from the species of the other Japanesenematine genera by the edge of a torulus notridged at least in the dorsolateral fourth in addition to the short postocular area, the usuallystrongly swollen apex of the vein C of the fore
wing and the truncate or weakly concave apicalmargin of the clypeus (cf. Prous et al., 2014).
Other Japanese nematine genera and some Pristiphora species, e.g. P. mollis (Hartig, 1837),
have the edge of a torulus ridged throughout or
except for narrow dorsal area.
From the Japanese congeners having the dorsolaterally widely non-ridged torulus edge, P.
albobalteata is distinguished by the following
characters: Black; pronotum widely yellow posterodorsally (Figs. 1J, K, 2A); abdomen black
narrowly on base and widely on apex, and yellow to reddish yellow on middle in female (Fig.
1J–L), black, ventrobasally yellow in male (Fig.
2A, B); epicnemial groove faint or inconspicuous; mesepisternum smooth between inconspicuous punctures, without groove along anterior
margin; mesopostnotum medially widelysmooth; fore wing with vein C apically strongly
swollen and cell Sc less than 0.1 × as wide asvein C at base of vein Rs＋M (Fig. 3N); claws
each with large inner tooth and depth of concavity between teeth about as long as distance
between teeth (Fig. 3M).
In the female and male keys to North-Western
Palaearctic species of Pristiphora by Prous et al.
(2017), the female of P. albobalteata will go tocouplet 65 containing P. depressa (Hartig, 1840)

and P. tetrica (Zaddach, 1883), and the male of P.
albobalteata goes to P. tetrica (Zaddach, 1883).
However, they are quite different in coloration(compare Figs. 1J–L and 2A, B with the imagesof P. depressa in Anonymous, 2017b and theimages of P. tetrica in Anonymous, 2017c). The
lancet is relatively obtuse apically and the ctenidial setae are long in P. albobalteata (Fig. 4A, C,
E) but the lancet is acute apically and the ctenidial setae are short in P. tetrica and P. depressa(ﬁgs. 184 and 186 in Prous et al., 2017). The
pseudoceps is straight in P. albobalteata (Fig. 4J,K) but it is curved in P. tetrica (ﬁg. 301 in Prous
et al., 2017; the male of P. depressa is unknown
according to Prous et al., 2017).
In the keys to the Palaearctic species of Pristiphora by Haris (2006), the female of P. albobalteata will run to this species. The hitherto
unknown male of P. albobalteata goes to the ﬁrst
section of couplet 13 of Table O containing P.
cretica Schedl, 1981, P. pallidiventris (Fallén,1808) and P. sauteri Rohwer, 1916, but the penis
valve distinctly differs from those of the latter
three (compare Fig. 4J, K with ﬁgs. 94, 140 and
144 in Haris, 2006).
Pristiphora fulviceps Takeuchi, 1933
(Figs. 2C–L, 3R–V, 5)
Pristiphora fulviceps Takeuchi, 1933: 34; Takeuchi,
1952a: 71; Abe and Togashi, 1989: 554; Haris, 2006:
205, 233; Taeger et al., 2010: 466.

Redescription, female (Fig. 2C–H). Length
4.5–5.5 mm. Head yellow, black on dorsomedial
area and occiput. Antenna black; scape and pedicel ventrally yellow; ﬂagellum ventrally brownish. Mandible apically dark brown. Thorax black,yellow on pronotum except for medial area,
tegula, postspiracular sclerite and propleuron
except for dorsal area; prosternum yellow, often
mostly brown. Mesepisternum black, with epicnemium sometimes dark brown in Honshu specimens (Fig. 2F), with brown marking extending
from epicnemium to ventral end of mesepimeronin Hokkaido specimens (Fig. 2H). Legs yellow;
in Honshu specimens (Fig. 2C–G), fore leg with

Taxonomic Notes and New Records in Japanese Symphyta III

coxa narrowly black laterobasally, trochanter andtrochantellus sometimes partly brown, femur
sometimes black dorsobasally, tibia brown atnarrow apex, tarsus brown dorsally and apically,
middle leg with coxa basally black, trochanterand trochantellus partly brown to dark brown,
femur brown, dorsally and ventrally black, tibiabrown at narrow apex, tarsus brown dorsally andapically, and hind leg as middle leg but withfemur black, tibia black on apical fourth and tarsus black except for venter of ﬁrst tarsomere; in
Hokkaido specimens (Fig. 2H), legs mostly yellow, black on narrow laterobasal areas of fore
and middle coxae, wide base of hind coxa anddorsobasal area of hind femur, and darkened at
narrow apices of tibiae and apices of tarsi; tibial
spurs yellow; claws yellow brown. Wing veinsdark brown to black; in fore wing, veins C, Sc,
R＋M and R1 brown, base of vein A pale yellow;
stigma brown to dark brown. Abdomen black
dorsally and apically; laterotergites and sterna
yellow (pale green in life) and base of ovipositor
sheath yellow or brown.
Head in dorsal view not dilated behind eye,with length behind eye 0.2–0.3 × eye length.
Postocellar area with width 2.3–2.7 × medianlength; anterior margin widely convex anteriorly
up to posterior end of lateral ocellus; anterior furrow wide; lateral furrow very short or punctiform. Head with length behind lateral ocellus
1.6–2.0 × length of lateral ocellus.
OOL:POL:OCL ＝ 0.7–0.9:1.0:0.6–0.8. Inner
margins of eyes slightly diverging ventrally (Fig.
3R). Distance between eyes at anterior tentorialpit 1.4–1.6 × eye height. Head in lateral view
with eye height about 5–6 × distance from dorsal margin of eye to dorsal most point of head.
Frontal area slightly raised (Fig. 3R); lateral margins diverging anteriorly, straight and slightly
ridged. Area just above dorsal tentorial pit without transverse ridge. Frontal pit distinct, lying inV-shaped ridge (Fig. 3R). Edge of torulus ridged
only in narrow ventrolateral area. Clypeus
scarcely or slightly emarginate apically; depth of
apical emargination 0.1–0.3 × median height;
width 3.5–4.5 × maximum height; maximum

23

height 0.8 × torulus height. Malar space 1.2–1.5
× as wide as median ocellus. Antenna 2.1–2.3
× as long as head width (Fig. 2C, E); ﬁrst ﬂagellomere length 0.8–0.9 × eye height, 1.0–1.1 ×
second ﬂagellomere length. Each mandible with
one inner tooth. Apical maxillary palpomere 1.0–
1.1 × as long as torulus height.
Notaulus weak. Mesoscutellar appendage
length 1.2–1.5 × short diameter of cenchrus.
Prepectus very narrow. Epicnemium wider thanheight of mesothoracic spiracle; epicnemial
groove inconspicuous (but suture visible inside).
Mesepisternum including epicnemium without
groove along anterior margin (but suture visible
inside). Anepimeron not sunken posteriorly,
divided from katepimeron by inconspicuous
groove; katepimeron bare or with some setae
along posterior margin. Anterior fore tibial spurwith velum. Claws each with large inner tooth(Fig. 3S); depth of concavity between teeth about
as long as distance between teeth. Fore wingwith cell Sc less than 0.1 × as wide as vein C
including its marginal lamella at base of vein
Rs＋M as in Fig. 3N.
Hypopygium usual, with posterior margin
slightly concave beside medial projection. Cercus slender, about 5 × as long as wide, notextending posteriorly beyond ovipositor sheath(Fig. 3T, U). Ovipositor sheath in lateral view
with dorsal margin nearly straight, ventral margin distinctly convex roundly, slightly concave
near apex and apex narrowly rounded, in dorsal
view about 2 × as wide as cercus and pointed
apically. Lance annulated on apical two-thirds;
basal and middle annuli curved and weakly
oblique (Fig. 5E). Lancet distinctly curved, about
21–23 serrulae (Fig. 5A, C); ctenidia each one
row of minute setae; basal annuli ventrally lacking ctenidia, with annular sutures nearly straight,
dorsally extending near dorsal margin of lancet;
apical annular sutures arched; apical annuli dorsally lacking ctenidia; serrulae weakly convex(Fig. 5A–D).
Punctures inconspicuous or ﬁne. Head microsculptured dorsally and behind eye, without distinct punctures and granules. Thorax mostly

H. Hara et al.

24

Fig. 5. Pristiphora fulviceps: A–D, Lancet and serrulae (1, 10, 20, ﬁrst (most basal), tenth, twentieth annulus); E,
lance; F, G, male genitalia, dorsal and ventral views; H, penis valve, dorsal view; I, J, penis valve, lateral view(left dorsal). A, B, E, Holotype; C, D, Shintoku; F–J, Nakagawa. A, B, Reversed.

smooth; pronotum microsculptured; posterolateral sunken area of mesoscutum weakly microsculptured centrally; mesopostnotum laterally
microsculptured, medially smooth. Abdomen
reticulately microsculptured.
Description, male (hitherto undescribed; only
Honshu specimens) (Fig. 2I–K). Length 4.5 mm.
Differing from female as follows, except forusual sexual differences. Flagellum yellow ventrally. Mesepisternum yellow except for narrow
posterodorsal area. Metepisternum yellow, darkened anteriorly. Metepimeron centrally brown.
Legs yellow; coxae each with black spot latero-basally; fore and middle femora except for trochantelli each with black spot dorsobasally; hindfemur except for trochantellus and apex dorsally
black; hind trochanter and trochantellus partly
darkened; tarsi dorsally darkened. Wing veins
yellow to brown; stigma yellow to pale brown; infore wing, veins C, Sc, R＋M and R1 yellow topale brown, base of vein A nearly colorless.
Abdomen ventrally yellow.
Antenna 2.4–2.6 × as long as head width;
setae of antenna uniform in size.
Subgenital plate widely rounded along posterior margin (Fig. 3 V). Procidentia small, slightly

Taxonomic Notes and New Records in Japanese Symphyta III

protruding posteriorly in dorsal view. Genitalia
Fig. 5F, G; parapennis with medial margin distinctly convex, pointed apically; valvispina longand nearly straight, arising from middle of ventral margin of valviceps (Fig. 5I, J); paravalva
slender lobe like, arising from base of valvispina,
projecting laterodorsally (Fig. 5F, J); pseudoceps
nearly straight, rounded at apex.
Immature stages. Late instar larva (Fig. 2 L):
Length about 10 mm; light green; head with vertical black band laterally; coxae partly black;claws brownish; prolegs present on second toseventh and tenth abdominal segment; tenthabdominal tergum simple.
Material examined. Holotype: ♀, “10, V, 1931
Kibune Takeuchi” “Pristiphora fulviceps Tak.
Holotype”.
Other material examined: HOKKAIDO: 1 ♀,Tokachi, Shintoku, 24. V. 1993, H. Hara; 1 ♀,Mikasa, nr. Ichikishirigawa, 31. V. 1999, A. Shinohara. ― HONSHU: Tochigi Pref.: 1 ♀1 ♂,Nakagawa, Bato, coll. larvae on Carpinus cordata, 25. V. 2011, mat. 28–30. V., em. 10. IV.
2012, S. Ibuki; 1 ♂, Nakagawa, Bicchuzawa,coll. larva on Carpinus cordata, 21. V. 2012,
mat. 28. V., em. 4. IV. 2013, S. Ibuki; 1 ♂, same
except coll. larva 30. V. 2012, mat. 1. VI., em. 4.
IV. 2013. ― Tottori Pref.: 1 ♀, Mt. Daisen,
Yokotemichi, 20–25. V. 2000, A. Shinohara.
Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido (new record),
Honshu (Takeuchi, 1933).
Bionomics. Host plant: Betulaceae: Carpinus
cordata Blume (new record).
Adults were collected in middle and late May
in Honshu and late May in Hokkaido. Larvae
were solitary leaf feeders. They were collected inlate May in Honshu, and became adults in thefollowing spring under rearing conditions. This
sawﬂy has a univoltine life cycle.
Remarks. This is the ﬁrst record from Hokkaido and the ﬁrst record of the host plant for P.
fulviceps.
Pristiphora fulviceps is one of the typical Japanese congeners having the dorsolaterally widely
non-ridged torulus edge like P. albobalteata (seeunder the remarks of that species for more

25

details). Pristiphora fulviceps will be distinguished from the related congeners by the following characters: Head yellow, black on dorsomedial area and occiput (Fig. 2C–K), withanterodorsal area microsculptured, not granulate
and not punctured; inner margins of eyes slightly
diverging ventrally (Fig. 3R); frontal pit lying inV-shaped ridge; mesepisternum smooth between
inconspicuous punctures, without groove along
anterior margin; border of anepimeron and katepimeron indistinctly grooved; mesopostnotum
medially smooth; fore wing with vein C apicallystrongly swollen and cell Sc less than 0.1 × as
wide as vein C at base of vein Rs＋M as in Fig.
3N; claws each with inner tooth large and depthof concavity between teeth about as long as distance between teeth (Fig. 3S).
In the keys to North-Western Palaearctic species of Pristiphora by Prous et al. (2017), thefemale of P. fulviceps goes to couplet 11 in thefemale key, but does not agree with either section, because the female of this species has subbiﬁd claws (Fig. 3S) and a dorsally black andventrally yellow abdomen (Fig. 2C–G). The malegoes to couplet 8 in the male key, but does notagree with either section because of the different
penis valve (Fig. 5I, J) and the combination of
the predominantly yellow propleuron (Fig. 2J, K)
and the subbiﬁd tarsal claws (Fig. 3S).
In the keys to the Palaearctic species of Pristiphora by Haris (2006), the female of P. fulviceps runs to this species. The male was unknown
to him. It goes to couplet 5 of Table N containing
P. memoriakaszabi Haris, 2002 and P. subarctica(Forsslund, 1936). However, the male of P. fulviceps has a dorsally black and ventrally yellow
body (Fig. 2I–K), while the male of P. memoriakaszabi has an entirely ochraceous body andthe male of P. subarctica has a mostly black
mesopleuron. Their penis valves are also different (compare Fig. 5I, J with ﬁgs. 132 and 161 inHaris, 2006).
The Honshu females (3 ♀) and Hokkaido
females (2 ♀) are rather different in coloration;e.g. the hind femur is black in the former (Fig.
2G) but yellow in the latter (Fig. 2H). However,H. Hara et al.

26

they are quite similar structurally and their lancets are also identical (compare Fig. 5A, B and
5C, D). We here regard the Honshu and Hokkaido females as conspeciﬁc.
Zaphymatocera nipponica Togashi, 1984
Zaphymatocera nipponica Togashi, 1984a: 443; Abe andTogashi, 1989: 558; Taeger et al., 2010: 359.

Material examined. HOKKAIDO: 1 ♀, Tokachi, Shimizu, Nissho-toge, 22. VI. 2014, H. Hara.
Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido (new record),
Honshu (Togashi, 1984a).
Remarks. This is the ﬁrst record from Hokkaido.
Cephidae
Janus piri Okamoto and Muramatsu, 1925
Janus piri Okamoto and Muramatsu, 1925: 10; Wei andNie, 1996a: 6; Naito et al. 1998: 239.

Distribution. Korea, China (Wei and Nie,
1996a).
Remarks. Naito et al. (1998) included Japan in
the distribution of this species without giving references or collection records. We were not able
to ﬁnd any specimens or collection records ofthis species from Japan. The above Japaneserecord of J. piri is a lapsus and here we exclude
the species from the faunal list of Japan.
Phylloecus agilis (Smith, 1874)
Cephus agilis Smith, 1874: 386.
Hartigia agilis: Abe and Togashi, 1989: 560; Wei et al.,
2006: 555; Lelej, 2012: 111.
Phylloecus agilis: Liston and Prous, 2014: 90.

Material examined. HOKKAIDO: 1 ♀, Iwamizawa, 1. VI. 2014, H. Hara.
Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido (new record),
Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. China, Russian Far
East (Abe and Togashi, 1989; Wei et al., 2006;
Lelej, 2012).
Remarks. This is the ﬁrst record of P. agilis
from Hokkaido.

Sinicephus giganteus (Enderlein, 1913)
Janus giganteus Enderlein, 1913: 215.
Sinicephus giganteus: Maa, 1949: 25; Abe and Togashi,
1989: 560; Wei and Nie, 1996b: 20; Wei et al., 2006:
555.

Material examined. RYUKYU ISLANDS:
1 ♀, Ishigaki-jima Is., Okinawa, 9. IV. 2014, M.
Sugimoto.
Distribution. Japan: Honshu, Shikoku,
Kyushu, Ryukyu Islands (new record). Korea,
China (incl. Taiwan) (Abe and Togashi, 1989;
Wei and Nie, 1996b; Anonymous, 2017d).
Remarks. This is the ﬁrst record of S. giganteus and the family Cephidae from the Ryukyu
Islands. Abe and Togashi (1989) included East
Siberia and Korean Peninsula in the distributionof this species. We were not able to ﬁnd any
specimens or collection records of this species
from Russia, and no subsequent authors, including Wei and Nie (1996b) and Lelej (2012),
recorded the species from East Siberia. We consider the record of S. giganteus from East Siberia
erroneous. A collection record of S. giganteus
from Korea (Yangpyeong-gun, Gyeonggi-do) has
been given on the internet (Anonymous, 2017d),
though we found no other published collection
records from Korea.
Acknowledgements
We thank Andrew D. Liston (Senckenberg
Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg) for his careful review of the manuscript
and Fukuo Ito (Kanmaki) for offering excellent
photographs. This study was partly supported by
JSPS KAKENHI Grant No. 25440223.
References
Abe, M. and I. Togashi 1989. Symphyta. In Hirashima, Y.
(ed.): A Check List of Japanese Insects, pp. 541–560.
Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture,
Kyushu University, Fukuoka. (In Japanese.)
Anonymous 2017a. Nematus lucidus. http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Taxbrowser_Taxonpage?taxid=
294483 (last access November 17, 2017).
Anonymous 2017b. Pristiphora depressa. http://www.

Taxonomic Notes and New Records in Japanese Symphyta III
boldsystems.org/index.php/Taxbrowser_Taxonpage?
taxid=475335 (last access November 17, 2017).
Anonymous 2017c. Pristiphora tetrica. http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Taxbrowser_Taxonpage?taxid=
339382 (last access November 17, 2017).
Anonymous 2017d. Sinicephus giganteus (Enderlein).
Konchung Jawon. https://www.forest.go.kr/newkfsweb/
kﬁ/kfs/kbi/insct/pilbk/selectInsctPilbkScnmIndexList.
do;jsessionid=rJYprsYIC6qSfxsVb0noSXOwma8UTN
GW50D6MFoISFKmiIOEgP3BUiMaPXBASdSt.
frswas02_servlet_engine1?mn=KFS_28_02_02_01&or
gId=kbi&pageIndex=998&searchCnd=&searchWrd=&
pageUnit=10#txt (last access November 22, 2017, inKorean.)Enderlein, G. 1913. H. Sauterʼs Formosa-Ausbeute. Janus
giganteus, eine neue Cephine (Hym.). Entomologische
Mitteilungen, Berlin-Dahlem, 2(7/8): 215–216.
Hara, H. 2017. A new sawﬂy, Nematus viburnum sp. nov.,
related to N. lucidus (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae).
Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 23: 61–66.
Hara, H. and A. Shinohara 2006. The sawﬂy genus Spinarge (Hymenoptera, Argidae). Bulletin of the National
Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Series A, 32:
61–94.
Hara, H. and A. Shinohara 2017. Taxonomic notes andnew distribution and host plant records for sawﬂies andwoodwasps (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) of Japan II.
Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series A, 43: 53–69.
Haris, A. 2006. Study on the Palaearctic Pristiphora species (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Natura Somogyiensis, 9: 201–277.
Lelej, A. S. 2012. Annotated Catalogue of the Insects ofRussian Far East, Vol. I. Hymenoptera. 635 pp. Dalnauka, Vladivostok. (In Russian.)
Liston, A. D. 2012. On West Palaearctic Mesoneura species (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). The Entomologistʼs Monthly Magazine, 148: 187–194.
Liston, A. D. and M. Prous 2014. Sawﬂy taxa (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) described by Edward Newman andCharles Healy. ZooKeys, 398: 83–98.
Maa, T. 1949. A synopsis of Chinese sawﬂies of thesuperfamily Cephoidea (Hymenoptera). The Chinese
Journal of Zoology, Nanking, 3: 17–29.
Malaise, R. 1957. Some Neotropical and Oriental Tenthredinoidea (Hym.). Entomologisk Tidskrift, 78: 6–22.
Matsumura, S. 1912. Thousand Insects of Japan. Supplement IV. 247 pp., 55 pls. Keiseisha-shoten, Tokyo. (InJapanese and English.)Naito, T., D. R. Smith and F.-S. Huang 1998. Records of
Cephidae (Hymenoptera) from China and southeastern
Asia with two new species of Janus Stephens. Japanese
Journal of Systematic Entomology, 4: 237–242.
Naito, T., H. Yoshida, H. Nakamine, T. Morita, T. Ikeda,
H. Suzuki and A. Nakanishi 2004. Species diversity of27

sawﬂies in Hyogo Prefecture, central Japan. Museumof Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo, Monograph of
Natural History and Environmental Science, (1): 1–2＋ pls. 1–10 ＋ 1–85. (In Japanese.)
Okamoto, H. and S. Muramatsu 1925. Studies on thepear-stem girdler, Janus piri n. sp. Bulletin of the Agricultural Experiment Station, Government General of
Chosen, Suigen, 2: 9–16.
Okutani, T. 1956. New sawﬂies from Japan. (Studies on
Symphyta VI). Insecta Matsumurana, 20: 97–99.
Prous, M., S. M. Blank, H. Goulet, E. Heibo, A. Liston, T.
Malm, T. Nyman, S. Schmidt, D. R. Smith, H. Vårdal,
M. Viitasaari, V. Vikberg and A. Taeger 2014. The genera of Nematinae (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 40: 1–69.
Prous, M., M. Heidemaa, A. Shinohara and V. Soon 2011.
Review of the sawﬂy genus Empria (Hymenoptera,
Tenthredinidae) in Japan. ZooKeys, 150: 347–380.
Prous, M., K. Kramp, V. Vikberg and A. Liston 2017.
North-Western Palaearctic species of Pristiphora(Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 59: 1–190.
Seiyama, Y. 1981. A revision of the Japanese species of
the genus Eutomostethus Enslin (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Transactions of the Shikoku EntomologicalSociety, 15: 155–171.
Shinohara, A. and H. Hara 2013. New distribution andhost plant records for Spinarge prunivora and S. afﬁnis(Hymenoptera, Argidae) from Japan. Japanese Journalof Systematic Entomology, 19: 101–106.
Shinohara, A. and H. Hara 2015. Taxonomic notes andnew distribution and host plant records for sawﬂies andwoodwasps (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) of Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science,
Series A, 41: 171–184.
Smith, F. 1874. Descriptions of new species of Tenthredinidae etc. of Japan. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 2(3): 373–386.
Taeger, A., S. M. Blank and A. D. Liston 2010. World catalog of Symphyta (Hymenoptera). Zootaxa, 2580:
1–1064.
Takeuchi, K. 1929. Descriptions of new sawﬂies from theJapanese Empire (I). Transactions of the Natural History Society of Formosa, 29: 495–520.
Takeuchi, K., 1933. Undescribed sawﬂies from Japan.
The Transactions of the Kansai Entomological Society,
4: 17–34.
Takeuchi, K. 1950. An interesting new genus and speciesof the subfamily Blennocampinae from Japan. The
Transactions of the Kansai Entomological Society, 15:
17–19.
Takeuchi, K. 1952a. A Generic Classiﬁcation of the Japanese Tenthredinidae (Hymenoptera: Symphyta). 90 pp.
Kyoto.
Takeuchi, K. 1952b. New and unrecorded sawﬂies from

28

H. Hara et al.

Shikoku, Japan (II) (Hymenoptera: Symphyta). Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society, 3:
47–54.
Togashi, I. 1965. New and unrecorded species of the subfamily Nematinae (Hym., Symphyta) from Japan (3).
Life Study, 9: 1–4.
Togashi, I. 1980. Japanese sawﬂies of the genus Monophadnoides Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae).
Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society, 15:
125–130.
Togashi, I. 1984a. The genus Zaphymatocera Sato
(Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in Japan, with description of a new species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 86: 443–445.
Togashi, I. 1984b. Food plants of two sawﬂies, with life
history notes on Monophadnoides smithi Togashi(Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Transactions of the
Shikoku Entomological Society, 16: 65–66.
Togashi, I. 1995. A new genus and new species of thetribe Caliroini, Heterarthrinae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) from Japan. Japanese Journal of Entomology,
63: 91–94.
Togashi, I. 1998. Sawﬂies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) collected by Mr. T. Mikage in Fukushima Prefecture, Honshu, Japan. The Bulletin of the Biogeographical Societyof Japan, 53: 33–37.
Togashi, I. 2002. Description of a new species of thegenus Masaakia Takeuchi (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) from Japan. Proceedings of the EntomologicalSociety of Washington, 104: 373–375.
Viitasaari, M. 2002. The suborder Symphyta of theHymenoptera. In Viitasaari, M. (ed.): Sawﬂies 1(Hymenoptera, Symphyta), pp. 11–174. Tremex Press,

Helsinki.
Wei M., J. Cai, Q. Yang and W. Bao 2013. A new speciesof Mesoneura Hartig (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)
with a key to world species. Entomotaxonomia, 35:
233–240.
Wei, M. and H. Nie 1996a. Studies of Chinese Cephidae
II. The genus Janus Stephens and its allies in China(Hymenoptera: Cephidae: Hartigiini). Journal of Central South Forestry University, 16(2): 1–8. (In Chinese,with English abstract.)
Wei, M. and H. Nie 1996b. Studies of Chinese Cephidae
V. The Genus Sinicephus Maa and its allies (Hymenoptera: Cephidae: Hartigiini). Journal of Central South
Forestry University, 16(4): 18–23. (In Chinese, withEnglish abstract.)
Wei, M. and H. Nie 1998. Name changes for some forest
sawﬂies and description of the female of Trichiocampus rufus Verzhutskii. Journal of Central South Forestry University, 18(2): 6–9. (In Chinese, with English
abstract.)
Wei, M. and H. Nie 2003. Heterarthridae. In Huang, B.
(ed.): Fauna of Insects in Fujian Province of China,
Vol. 7 (Hymenoptera), pp. 41–45 ＋ 193–212. Fujian
Press of Science and Technology, Fuzhou. (In Chinese,with English abstract.)
Wei, M., H. Nie and A. Taeger 2006. Sawﬂies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) of China - Checklist and review of
research. In Blank, S. M., S. Schmidt and A. Taeger(eds.): Recent Sawﬂy Research: Synthesis and Prospects, pp. 505–574. Goecke & Evers, Keltern.
Xiao, G. 1993. Two new species of sawﬂies from China(Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Forest research, 6:
618–620. (In Chinese, with English abstract.)