⼦供たちの命を守るために学校の「危機管理マニュアル」等の評価・⾒直しガイドライン【表紙写真提供】
岩手県教育委員会
宮城県教育委員会

学校の「危機管理マニュアル」等の評価・見直しガイドライン

目次

はじめに ----------------------------------------------------------------- ⅰ
本ガイドラインの目的 ·························································································· ⅰ
既往の公表資料との関係 ··················································································· ⅱ
本ガイドラインの構成・使い方 ·············································································· ⅳ［チェックリスト編］

１ マニュアルの基本事項 -----------------------------------------------1-1

危機管理マニュアルの目的と位置付け························································· 1

1-2

危機管理の考え方 ···················································································· 1

1-3

危機管理マニュアルの運用方法 ································································· 1

２ 事前の危機管理 -----------------------------------------------------2-1

現状及び危機管理の前提となるリスクの把握 ··············································· 2

2-2

危機の未然防止対策 ················································································ 2

2-3

危機発生に備えた対策 ·············································································· 3

３ 発生時（初動）の危機管理 -------------------------------------------3-1

傷病者発生時の対応 ················································································ 5

3-2

犯罪被害発生時の対応 ············································································· 5

3-3

交通事故発生時の対応 ············································································· 5

3-4

災害発生時の対応 ··················································································· 5

3-5

その他の危機事象の発生時の対応 ····························································· 6

3-6

校外活動中・校内行事開催中における事故災害等発生時の対応 ···················· 6

４ 事後の危機管理 -----------------------------------------------------4-1

事後（発生直後）の対応 ············································································ 7

4-2

心のケア ·································································································· 8

4-3

調査・検証・報告・再発防止等 ···································································· 8

1

2

5

7

［解説編］

１ マニュアルの基本事項 -----------------------------------------------1-1

1

危機管理マニュアルの目的と位置付け························································· 1

1-1-1 危機管理マニュアルの目的と法的根拠.............................................. 1
1-1-2 各種計画・マニュアル類との相互関係 ............................................... 3

1-2

危機管理の考え方 ···················································································· 4

1-2-1 危機管理の基本方針.................................................................... 4
1-2-2 事前・発生時・事後の危機管理 ....................................................... 5

1-3

危機管理マニュアルの運用方法 ································································· 6

1-3-1
1-3-2
1-3-3
1-3-4

教職員・関係者等への周知徹底 ...................................................... 6
危機管理マニュアルの保管方法 ...................................................... 7
危機管理マニュアルの評価・見直しと改善 .......................................... 7
改訂履歴の管理.......................................................................... 8

２ 事前の危機管理 -----------------------------------------------------2-1

現状及び危機管理の前提となるリスクの把握 ··············································· 9

2-1-1 地域、学校、学区の現状 ................................................................ 9
2-1-1-1
2-1-1-2

地域の特徴、歴史、被災履歴の把握
学校、学区の現状の把握

9102-1-2 危機管理の前提となる危機事象等 .................................................. 12
2-1-2-1
2-1-2-2

2-2

想定される危機事象
地域における防災・安全上の学校施設の役割

12
13

危機の未然防止対策 ·············································································· 15

2-2-1 未然防止のための体制 ................................................................ 15
2-2-2 点検 ........................................................................................ 15
2-2-2-1
2-2-2-2

危険箇所の抽出危険箇所の分析と管理

15
18

2-2-3 傷病者発生防止対策 .................................................................. 20
2-2-3-1
2-2-3-2
2-2-3-3
2-2-3-4

傷病の基本的な防止対策
頭頸部外傷の防止対策
熱中症の防止食物アレルギー・アナフィラキシーの防止

20
21
22
24

2-2-4 犯罪被害防止対策 ..................................................................... 2７
2-2-4-1
2-2-4-2

不審者侵入の防止
インターネット上の犯罪

27
28

2-2-5 火災予防対策 ........................................................................... 2８
2-2-6 教育活動の様々な局面における未然防止対策 ................................... ２９
2-2-6-1
2-2-6-2
2-2-6-3

2-3

各教科の学習時間・休み時間・クラブ活動等における対策
校外活動に際しての対策
校内行事に際しての対策

29
29
30

危機発生に備えた対策 ············································································ 32

2-3-1 緊急時の体制整備........................................................................ 32
2-3-1-1
2-3-1-2
2-3-1-3

教職員の非常参集体制の整備
対策本部体制の整備
関係機関との連絡体制

32
33
34

9

2-3-2 施設・設備・備品の整備 ............................................................... 36
2-3-2-1
2-3-2-2
2-3-2-3

通信・情報収集手段
緊急時持ち出し品・文書等の整備・管理
備品・備蓄品3638
39

2-3-3 家庭・地域・関係機関等との連携 .................................................... 40
2-3-3-1
2-3-3-2

家庭との連携地域・関係機関等との連携

40
41

2-3-4 避難計画・避難訓練 .................................................................... 43
2-3-4-1
2-3-4-2

避難計画
避難訓練

43
47

2-3-5 教職員研修............................................................................... 48
2-3-6 安全教育.................................................................................. 49

３ 発生時（初動）の危機管理 -----------------------------------------3-1

傷病者発生時の対応 ·············································································· 51

3-1-1
3-1-2
3-1-3
3-1-4

3-2

51

傷病者発生時の基本の対応.......................................................... 51
頭頸部外傷発生時の対応 ............................................................ 54
熱中症発生時の対応................................................................... 5６
食物アレルギー発生時の対応 ........................................................ 58

犯罪被害発生時の対応 ··········································································· 59

3-2-1 不審者侵入事案発生時の対応 ...................................................... 59
3-2-2 登下校時の不審者事案 ............................................................... 60
3-2-3 学校への犯罪予告等への対応 ....................................................... 60

3-3

交通事故発生時の対応 ··········································································· 62

3-4

災害発生時の対応 ················································································· 63

3-4-1 火災発生時の対応...................................................................... 63
3-4-2 気象災害時の対応...................................................................... 63
3-4-2-1
3-4-2-2

大雨等が予想される場合の事前の臨時休業等の措置
突発的な気象災害等の発生時の対応

63
64

3-4-3 地震発生時の対応...................................................................... 65
3-4-4 火山災害発生時の対応 ............................................................... 66
3-4-5 原子力災害発生時の対応 ............................................................ 67

3-5

その他の危機事象の発生時の対応 ··························································· 68

3-5-1 弾道ミサイル発射等への対応 ........................................................ 68

3-6

校外活動中・校内行事開催中における事故災害等発生時の対応 ·················· 69

3-6-1 校外活動中に発生した場合の対応 ................................................. 69
3-6-2 校内行事開催中に発生した場合の対応 ........................................... 70

４ 事後の危機管理 ---------------------------------------------------4-1

事後（発生直後）の対応 ·········································································· 71

4-1-1 児童生徒等の安否確認 ............................................................... 71
4-1-2 集団下校・引渡しと待機 ............................................................... 72
4-1-3 保護者等・報道機関への対応 ........................................................ 72
4-1-3-1
4-1-3-2
4-1-3-3

被災児童生徒等の保護者への説明と支援
児童生徒等、保護者への説明
報道機関への対応

72
73
74

71

4-1-4 教育活動の継続......................................................................... 75
4-1-5 避難所運営への協力 ................................................................... 76

4-2

心のケア ································································································ 77

4-2-1 児童生徒等の心のケア ................................................................ 77
4-2-2 教職員の心のケア ...................................................................... 78

4-3

調査・検証・報告・再発防止等 ·································································· 79

4-3-1 学校設置者等への報告、支援要請 .................................................. 79
4-3-2 調査 ........................................................................................ 79
4-3-3 評価・検証、再発防止 .................................................................. 81［サンプル編］

１ マニュアルの基本事項 --------------------------------------------------◆ 危機管理マニュアルの目的と位置付け······························································ 1◆ 危機管理の基本方針 ····················································································· 2◆ 教職員・関係者等への周知等·········································································· 3◆ マニュアルの保管方法 ···················································································· 4◆ マニュアルの見直しと改善··············································································· 5◆ 危機管理マニュアル 表紙イメージ ··································································· 6◆ 改訂履歴一覧 ······························································································· 6

２ 事前の危機管理 --------------------------------------------------------◆ 地域、学校、学区の現状 ·················································································· 7◆ 危機管理の前提となる危機事象等 ··································································· 9◆ 平常時の危機管理体制 ················································································ 12◆ 点検 ·········································································································· 13◆ 事故、ヒヤリ・ハット、気付き報告様式 ······························································· 16◆ 運動前の体調チェック ·················································································· 17◆ 運動部活動における頭頸部外傷等事故防止 ··················································· 18◆ 熱中症の予防措置 ······················································································ 19◆ 食物アレルギー・アナフィラキシーの未然防止 ··················································· 21◆ 犯罪被害防止に関する日常管理···································································· 2５◆ 来校者予定表様式 ······················································································ 2６◆ 来校者受付票様式 ······················································································ 2７◆ 保護者受付表様式 ······················································································ 2７◆ 校内巡視チェックリスト·················································································· ２８◆ インターネット上の犯罪被害防止対策 ····························································· ２９◆ 校外活動における危機未然防止対策 ····························································· ３０◆ 校内行事に際しての危機未然防止対策 ·························································· ３２◆ 緊急時の非常参集体制 ················································································ 3３◆ 事故・災害発生時の対策本部体制 ································································· 3５◆ 保護者への緊急連絡・通信手段 ···································································· ３８◆ 教職員間の緊急連絡・通信手段 ···································································· ３８◆ 関係機関の緊急連絡先一覧 ········································································· ３９◆ 通信・情報収集手段 ····················································································· 4１◆ 緊急時持ち出し品の内容、保管場所、担当者 ··················································· 4３◆ 重要書類等の保管・整備 ·············································································· 4４◆ 事件・事故・災害等発生時の情報整理様式 ····················································· 4５◆ 事故・事件対応記録様式 ·············································································· 4６◆ 校内の備品・備蓄品 ····················································································· 4７◆ 備品・備蓄物資整理一覧表様式 ···································································· ４８◆ 家庭との共有事項 ······················································································· ４９◆ 引渡し事前登録カード ·················································································· 5１◆ 引渡し控えカード ························································································· 5１◆ 地域・関係機関等との連携············································································ 5２◆ 校門・体育館の鍵の管理票 ··········································································· 5４◆ 校内の非開放区域 ······················································································ 5４◆ 避難所としての学校施設の利用方法 ······························································ 5５◆ 津波避難計画 ····························································································· 5６◆ 避難訓練の実施 ·························································································· ５９◆ 教職員研修 ································································································ 6１◆ 安全教育 ···································································································· 6２

３ 発生時（初動）の危機管理 ----------------------------------------------◆ 近隣で犯罪被害につながる事案が発生した場合の対応···································· 6４◆ 学校に犯罪予告・不審物等があった場合の対応フロー ······································ 6６◆ 交通事故発生時の対応フロー ······································································· 6７◆ 大雨等が予想される場合の事前の臨時休業等の措置 ······································ ６８◆ 突発的な気象災害等の発生時の対応フロー（授業中） ····································· ６９◆ 地震発生直後の対応フロー（授業中） ···························································· 7０◆ 火山噴火対応フロー ···················································································· 7１◆ 原子力災害対応フロー（ＵＰＺ内の場合） ························································· 7２

４ 事後の危機管理 --------------------------------------------------------◆ 安否確認 ···································································································· 7３◆ 災害用児童生徒等安否確認様式 ·································································· 7５◆ 集団下校・引渡しと待機 ··············································································· 7６◆ 被災児童生徒等の保護者への対応 ······························································· 8０◆ 児童生徒等、保護者への説明········································································ 8２◆ 報道機関への対応 ······················································································· 8３◆ 教育活動の継続 ·························································································· 8４◆ 避難所運営への協力 ··················································································· ８８◆ 児童生徒等の心のケア ················································································· ８９◆ 危機発生時の健康観察様式 ········································································· 9１◆ 児童生徒等の身体状況等調査票様式 ···························································· 9２◆ 教職員の心のケア ······················································································· 9３◆ 調査・検証・報告・再発防止等 ······································································· 9４

［コラム一覧］◆ 「避難確保計画」の作成義務 ······························································ 解説編-2◆ 大川小学校事故の教訓にみる「基本方針」の重要性 ······························ 解説編-4◆ 市町村の「地域防災計画」を活用しよう！ ··············································· 解説編-9◆ 「地理院地図」を活用した災害リスクの把握········································· 解説編-11◆ 様々な種類の避難施設について························································· 解説編-14◆ 学校施設における非構造部材等の耐震点検の重要性 ·························· 解説編-18◆ 事故事例等の情報を活用しよう！························································ 解説編-19◆ 教職員・児童生徒等による心肺蘇生の実施 ········································· 解説編-21◆ 日常生活の活動強度も理解しておきましょう。 ······································· 解説編-23◆ エピペン®の使用について ································································· 解説編-25◆ 災害用伝言ダイヤル（171）、災害用伝言板（Web171） ······················ 解説編-34◆ 遠方から通う児童生徒等との連絡手段は...········································· 解説編-35◆ 災害時のための様々な通信手段 ························································ 解説編-37◆ 避難所として指定されていない学校でも... ·········································· 解説編-42◆ 一次避難・二次避難・三次避難 ·························································· 解説編-44◆ 令和３年の災害対策基本法改正に伴う避難情報等の変更 ···················· 解説編-45◆ 「避難確保計画」と学校の危機管理マニュアルとの関係 ························ 解説編-46◆ 安全教育と安全管理の一体的な推進 ················································· 解説編-50◆ 一次救命処置の手順と留意点··························································· 解説編-53◆ 交通事故の加害者となった児童生徒等への対応·································· 解説編-62◆ 南海トラフ地震に関連する情報 ·························································· 解説編-65◆ 幼稚園・幼保連携型認定こども園における調査 ···································· 解説編-80