THE REAL TIME PARTICIPATORY MAPPING FOR DISASTER AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS MODEL:A Case study of Teachers Involvement in Center Sulawesi-Indonesia
Zulhamsyah Imran1, Slamet Widodo Sugiarto2, Harry Imantho3, Benny Purwonegoro4

Abstract
The Real Time Participatory Mapping for Disasterand Emergency Preparedness System (RTPADEPS) has an significant play role for disastermanagement. It is an idea to adopt open web
standards to share a map services based on
Participatory Geographic Information Systems(P-GIS) and Spatial Notification for emergency
condition such as disaster, accident, emergency
condition, Etc. The objective of this paper is todevelopcollaborative
web
Geographic
Information System (Web GIS) based on the realtime geotagging emergency occurrence. Thismodel was generated due to a case study
aftermath earthquake and tsunami in PaluCenter Sulawesi, Indonesia.
This system was
not only applied to noticed heartbreakcondition, but also it could be used to estimate
or analyze a certain area affected by disasters
and damage building/facilities. Moreover, itobtained to show the real existing accessibility
and the fastest route to impacted area. Finally,
the system could connect the user and theauthorized agency to inform or take immediate
action for handling the emergency condition.
Integrating the spatial information with web GIS
and mobile platform, it can quickly andaccurately collect and share the information assoon as possible implementation.
Keyword: disaster, emergency, GIS, RT-PADEPS, spatial

1. Introduction
BackgroundIndonesia is located within ring of fire and it isextremely vulnerable by natural disaster. As
known that this tropical country has a lot of
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abundance natural resources, but it has
appeared to face a complex geographic
conditions. In addition, Indonesia also has
human resources that they are distribute invillages level and urban areas. The most area ofIndonesia are prone to natural disaster such as
earthquake, tsunami, and volcano eruption(Kusumastuti et al. 2014), and liquefaction.
Government of Indonesia recorded that there
are many natural disaster occurred in the period
2000-2018. A couple tragedy, earthquaketsunami-liquefaction, were happened in Center
Sulawesi in September 2018. It can be impacted
to the people who live in the vulnerable disasterarea such as coastal zone.
A disasters occurrence and following an
emergency conditions can be happened
anywhere and anytime. In these cases, it isrequired a quickly and appropriately action inorder to carry out a technical assistance by local
and national government level and to take carea victim and impacted area aftermath disaster.
Instead, reliable system and its easy operation
which are adopted and optimized using available
resources and facilities at certain locations andregions can be quick handled if we have a model
RT-PADEP. As a consequence, human resources
are needed to collect, scene and provide a valid
source of information. Integrated into spatial
technology as tools is expected that humanresources can be optimized throughParticipatory Geographic Information Systems(PGIS) (Forrester and Cinderby, 2015).
The RT-PADEP is an idea to adopt an open web
standards for the sharing of map services basedon (PGIS) and Spatial Notification for emergency
condition such as disaster, accident, emergency
condition base on real geo location. This system

Deputy Director for Administration, SEAMEO BIOTROP & Lecturer in Aquatic Resources Management, IPB University
Remote Sensing and Ecology Laboratory of SEAMEO BIOTROP Researcher
Remote Sensing and Ecology Laboratory of SEAMEO BIOTROP Researcher
A Student in Master Science of Information Technology for Natural Resources (MIT), Bogor Agricultural University

can operate by government, school, volunteer or
private institution to support an authorized
agency or decision maker for taking quick action
and deal with emergencies and post-disastermanagement processes.
Objective
Objectives of this project are:1) To develop an integration of web GIS base on
real-time
geotagging
emergency
occurrence.
2) To conduct the capacity building ofvocational teachers and communities forincreasing their attitude, knowledge and skill
and improving a participatory mapping of
emergencies and disasters preparedness
management.

2. Literature Review
Collaborative Mapping of School Community
A risk disaster is a potential loss of life, injury,
destroyed, and damaged assets which could
occur to a system, society or a community in a
specific period of time. It is determinedprobabilistically as a function of hazard,
exposure, vulnerability and capacity (UN-ISDR,
2017). Identifying and quantifying of risk
(spatially), will assess leveling of hazard intensityand vulnerability magnitude (Peggion et al.,2008). These targets are to optimize source of
spatial collaborative information approach using
Geographic
Information
System(GIS)
technology.
As known that GIS is the best tools forunderstanding and collaborating of gathering,
managing, and analyzing data. GIS is aframework for gathering, managing, analyzing
and integrating divers types of data. Now a day,using an online platform (for instance: web-GIS
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and/or mobile devices) has improved an uniquecapability of GIS and analyzed spatial locationand organizes layers of information into
visualizations. These technology have revealed
that they can also use to analyze a deeper
insights data to be a patterns, relationships, andsituations information (ESRI, 2018). Instead,evolving web-GIS and/or mobile device can help
users to make more faster, smarter and accurate
decisions on managing natural disaster.
There are a lot of source information to
implement GIS technology for gathering data
specify for identifying and quantifying of risk
spatially. A participatory mapping collaboration
through a school community is interested todevelop how to manage affected area by
disasters. This concept has provided a benefit
for the senior vocational school in Indonesia(example: schools can becomes a hub of
information rapidly and accurately). In addition,
we can also improve understanding andknowledge about mitigation, preparedness,
emergency toward an increasing a knowledge
aftermath disaster.
Participatory Mapping
Participatory mapping is the “bottom-up
approach” that allows the communities to create
maps for a certain users. In contrast to the
traditional “top-down approach”, relying on
those with the power and resources to create
maps that it will beneﬁt the masses either
directly or indirectly (Warner, 2015). With somemodification and newer tools, participatory
mapping approach can implement withinteractive, rapid and accurately. The
contributors can send and share data andinformation to support decision makers to carryout actions or policies base on spatial analysis
every time and everywhere.

Deputy Director for Administration, SEAMEO BIOTROP & Lecturer in Aquatic Resources Management, IPB University
Remote Sensing and Ecology Laboratory of SEAMEO BIOTROP Researcher
Remote Sensing and Ecology Laboratory of SEAMEO BIOTROP Researcher
A Student in Master Science of Information Technology for Natural Resources (MIT), Bogor Agricultural University

Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is technology to distribute dataprocessing in which some scalable information
resources and their capacities are provided as aservice to multiple external customers throughInternet technology. There are three basic
concept of cloud computing, as follow: first, IaaS
(Infrastructure as a Service) – A computer
infrastructure, typically presented in the form of
virtualization. Is a service within the concept ofcloud hosting. Second, PaaS (Platform as aService) – An integrated platform for thedevelopment, deployment, testing and support
of web-applications. Presented as a service on
the basis of the concept of cloud hosting. And
third, SaaS (Software as a service) – Is thebusiness model of software license, which
involves the development and support of thesoftware vendor. Customers also have theopportunity to pay and use of SaaS, usually
through the Internet. In this research, SaaS
(Software as a service) concept will
implementing by geo-processing service
application for spatial data. Connecting
information base on locations and data sharing
using interactive interface will increase theability of the system and the community that willuse it.

Figure 1. Project Location
Required Data
Several types of spatial data were used in thisproject. Imagery, base map and thematic data
were obtained from the government’s portals.
The validation data were acquired by direct fieldsurvey. All requirement data as shown in Table
1.

Methodology

Table 1. Data Required

Project Site

MethodThere were two locations which was trial for the
implementation of the Real Time Participatory
Mapping for Disaster and Emergency
Preparedness System, namely the Palu City andSigi, Center Sulawesi.

This Project was focus on developing databaseand formatting various standard spatial data,
development The RD-PADEPS and community
training. Those activities were used forprocessing data from various scale andresolution with preprocessing and spatial
analysis approach. Web-GIS of The RD-PADEPS
were consist of three main components (Figure
2).

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Deputy Director for Administration, SEAMEO BIOTROP & Lecturer in Aquatic Resources Management, IPB University
Remote Sensing and Ecology Laboratory of SEAMEO BIOTROP Researcher
Remote Sensing and Ecology Laboratory of SEAMEO BIOTROP Researcher
A Student in Master Science of Information Technology for Natural Resources (MIT), Bogor Agricultural University

easily. Figure 4 present a detail architecture of
Geo-processing Service.

Figure 2. Main components Real Time
Participatory Mapping for Disaster andEmergency Preparedness System
The development of the RT-PADEPS was divided
to five major steps of design, namely:assessment, database design, system design,
test & evaluation, and training implementation(Figure 3).

Figure 3. Development of System Design
Processes

Figure 4. Geo-processing Service

Expected Result
Expected result from this project was web-GIS
application that it can be implemented forparticipatory mapping for disaster andemergency management. It can easily accessedusing desktop and mobile devices and it will besupported emergency action and as decision
support from authorized agencies as well. The
design model of the RT PADEPS is presented in
Figure 5.

Architecture
The RT-PADEPS was an optimizing capability ofGeo-processing services. Geo-processing service
is the powerful analytic capability of ArcGIS to
the World Wide Web. A geo-processing service
contains one or more geo-processing tasks andwill running on a server, where its execution andoutputs are managed by the server (ESRI, 2018).
User will be divided into two categories: (1)admin with full management capability, and (2)user with limited capability. This method is way
to link, analyze and publish spatial data with

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Figure 5. The RT-PADEPS Design Model
Expectation Output

Deputy Director for Administration, SEAMEO BIOTROP & Lecturer in Aquatic Resources Management, IPB University
Remote Sensing and Ecology Laboratory of SEAMEO BIOTROP Researcher
Remote Sensing and Ecology Laboratory of SEAMEO BIOTROP Researcher
A Student in Master Science of Information Technology for Natural Resources (MIT), Bogor Agricultural University

3. Briefly Result and Discussion
Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Rapid Survey
Severalactivities
were
initiated
andimplemented by BIOTROP SEAMEO as the initialstage to develop the RT-PADEP Project. Those
activities were carried out using Focus Group
Discussion (FGD) to assess an disaster impact
within affected area. FGD was conducted in The
State of Vocational High School 1 of Sigi (later it
is called SMKN 1 Sigi). This event was attended
by teachers of this school. This activity was
focused to explore and assess appropriate dataand information on disaster affected areas in Sigi
Regency. Meanwhile, spatial data collection andrapid survey were conducted using drones inseveral disaster impacted areas, both in theschool environment and in several otheraffected locations.
FGD result shown that all building of SMKN 1 Sigi
had appeared on damage condition that they
were hit by an earthquake on 28 September
2018.
Regarding this FGD, the participant
proposed three programs as follow: (1) Schoolbuilding reconstruction; (2) Rehabilitation school
garden, including fruit garden development; and(3) increasing capacity on disaster mitigation andrisk reduction management. The last program ishighly related with the RT-PADEPS. The FGD’s
participant mentioned that they did not haveany management system how to assess andcalculate lost and damage of the facilities andbuilding because they did not have any
appropriate data base before disaster.

consist of several facilities i.e. layer data, main
map interface and graphical interface. Layer data
displayed all supporting format data such as
vector data, rater data and numeric data. Main
map interface shown and overlay all data fromseveral sources and the graphical sub system
displayed a graph format of existing data. Thebase map of main interface data can changeusing some types of data i.e. topographical data,
open street map (OSM) data, imagery data or
administration data. A detail of prototype ofinterface the RT-PADEPS prototype system ispresented in Figure 7.

Figure 7. Prototype of Interface Real Time
Participatory Mapping for Disasterand Emergency
Preparedness
SystemCapability of the RT-PADEPS is the system that it
can be directly presented area, building or
facilities that affected by disaster. The
information can be calculated using data andinformation that they were collected and sentfrom the contributor i.e. school community.

Prototype of System
Base on the result of assessment, teamresearchers were initiated the RT-PADEPS as acase study of Center Sulawesi affected area
aftermath disaster. The RT-PADEPS designed a
prototype of the model. The main interface was
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Deputy Director for Administration, SEAMEO BIOTROP & Lecturer in Aquatic Resources Management, IPB University
Remote Sensing and Ecology Laboratory of SEAMEO BIOTROP Researcher
Remote Sensing and Ecology Laboratory of SEAMEO BIOTROP Researcher
A Student in Master Science of Information Technology for Natural Resources (MIT), Bogor Agricultural Universitycapacities of institutions and communities inconserving and managing tropical biology
sustainably for the well-being of communities
and the environment of Southeast Asia”,
development of spatial technology will become
important concern.
Figure 8. Real Time Participatory Data

Regarding an initiation development, The RTPADES system also allowed us to compare theexisting condition between before and after
disaster using time series imagery data withswipe menu. Figure 8 present swipe menu forcomparing before and after disaster.

Figure 8. Swipe Menu for Comparing Before
and After Disaster

Future Model Development
BIOTROP Spatial Development Planning
SEAMEO (Southeast Asian Ministers of
Education Organization) was established in 1965
through the SEAMEO Charter signed by seven (7)South East Asia countries. The signing of thecharter marked the establishment of this center.
At present there are 21 specialist institutions
that undertake training and research programsin various fields of education, science, andculture. SEAMEO BIOTROP, the Southeast AsianRegional Centre for Tropical Biology is one of thecentres. Related to the BIOTROP Mission that is“To provide scientific knowledge and build
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BIOTROP has comprehensive spatial laboratory
namely Remote Sensing and Ecology Lab. With
several mapping equipment support, softwareand spatial databases, BIOTROP is become aleading centre in developing spatial technology
and research and welcome for cooperation andcollaboration project and research.
Roadmap Model Development
This prototype model still requires to be
development and refinement, both in terms ofinfrastructure, capabilities and facilities that canbe operate properly. In addition, it also
requirement of funding support from otherinstitutions to overcome on development of adisaster management system. For next phase,
this prototype will be used on dissemination andtesting for a training course on disastermitigation and management for school that it
will be conducted on 2019. A detail roadmap for
RD-PADEPS as shown in Figure 9.
Figure 9. Roadmap of Real Time Participatory
Mapping for Disaster and Emergency
Preparedness System Presented

Modul Development
According to a prototype RD-PADEPS, Seameo
Biotrop has defined two module training for thevocational teachers. First one, it will be used for
fundamental-intermediate target of content.
Regarding an assessment result, this level was

Deputy Director for Administration, SEAMEO BIOTROP & Lecturer in Aquatic Resources Management, IPB University
Remote Sensing and Ecology Laboratory of SEAMEO BIOTROP Researcher
Remote Sensing and Ecology Laboratory of SEAMEO BIOTROP Researcher
A Student in Master Science of Information Technology for Natural Resources (MIT), Bogor Agricultural University

consist of 8 topics as follow: (1) Introduction of
emergency and disaster management, (2)Introduction GIS & remote sensing technology,(3) Introducing GIS software and tools (licenseand open source), (4) Utilizing GIS software andtools (license and open source), (5) Produce andediting spatial data, (6) Introduction of spatial
analysis and image analysis for participatory
mappingof disaster and emergency
preparedness, (7) Layout, print, publishing map,and (8) Field trip (survey and practice).
Second one, the module has developed for advancetarget level and it was also consist of 8 topics, as
follow: (1) data analysis for emergency and disastermanagement, (2) Introduction web-GIS, (3) Spatial
data query, (4) Spatial model implementation forparticipatory mapping for disaster and emergency
preparedness, (5) Using participatory mapping fordisaster and emergency preparedness system andgeoprocessing service, (6) Spatial analysis and image
analysis for participatory mapping for disaster andemergency preparedness, (7) Layout, print,
publishing map, and (8) Field trip (survey andpractice)

Forrester J and Cinderby S. 2015, A Guide tousing
Community
MappingandParticipatory-GIS, Managing Borderlands
project and funded by the Rural Economy
and Land Use (RELU) programme of the
Economic&
SocialandNaturalEnvironment Research Councils under
grant number RES24050020
Kusumastuti RD, Viverita V, Hosudo Z, Suardi L
and Danarsari DN. 2014. Developing aresilience index towards natural disasters inIndonesia.
Warner C. 2015. Participatory Mapping: aliterature review of community-based
research and participatory planning, Social
Hub for Community and Housing Faculty ofArchitecture and Town Planning Technion.
ESRI. 2018. Open REST Standard Lets You
Author, Use Map and GIS Services Almost
Anywhere, Arc News Summer, USA

Conclusion
As a case study basis, the RT-PADEPS is stillneeded improvement before it will be
implemented for vocational senior high school.
Instead, any other case studies and input data to
be data base within GISweb as trial and error to
become a good model on disaster mitigation andrisk reduction management,

REFERENCES
Wold NR. 2017. Participatory Web GIS Design –A Sustainable Recreation Decision Support
System for Missoula County, Graduate
Student
Theses,Dissertations,&
Professional Papers, University of Montana.

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Deputy Director for Administration, SEAMEO BIOTROP & Lecturer in Aquatic Resources Management, IPB University
Remote Sensing and Ecology Laboratory of SEAMEO BIOTROP Researcher
Remote Sensing and Ecology Laboratory of SEAMEO BIOTROP Researcher
A Student in Master Science of Information Technology for Natural Resources (MIT), Bogor Agricultural University