Assessing organic molecules during a deflagration processwith quenching effect
Y. Takano1, K. Yamada2, C. Okamoto3, K. Sakamoto4,T. Sawada4, R. Okazaki5, and S. Tachibana6
1

Japan Agency Marine-Earth Science Technology (JAMSTEC),Tokyo Inst. Technology (TIT), 3Kobe Univ., 4Japan Aerospace
Exploration Agency (JAXA), 5Kyushu Univ., 6Hokkaido Univ.
E-mail: takano@jamstec.go.jp

2

The chemical nature of deflagration and detonation products(i.e., soot) has been investigated mostly into solid materials including formation of amorphous carbon composite and diamond[1]. The physical explosive shock, i.e., a momentary energetic
reaction, will also produce simple inorganic gas components(e.g., N2, CH4, CO2, H2O) as end products. However, the chemical composition for volatile and involatile organic compounds arestill largely unknown. To assess those important issues by a physical explosive shock, we conducted a simulation experiment using KTB explosive (KClO4, 69.5%; TiH2, 19.5%; B, 9.5%; Nitrocellulose, 1.5%) with RK ignition charge explosive (Pb(SCN)2,ca. 50%; KClO3, ca. 50%; Nitrocellulose, ≤ 1%) under ambient
temperature and low pressure (< 40 Pa; Ar-replaced and thenvacuumed for substantial time). For the qualitative feedback toprojectile operation [2], we also compared the deflagration phenomenon equipped with a sabot and w/o a sabot. After the experiment in the closed box, we collected the gaseous sample, carbonaceous solid samples and relic of burst materials. Here, we discuss the preliminary report on an assessment of organic molecules and inorganic elemental profiles.
Firstly, low molecular weight carboxylic acids, e.g., formic
acid and acetic acid, were detected by an ion-chromatography(IC) and a thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS [3]). A wide variety of aliphatic hydrocarbons were detected; the series of straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons (< n-C20H42) were chemically-resemble to the product ofputative Fischer-Tropsh Type reaction. Secondly, number of aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic hydrocarbon (e.g., dibenzofurane) were detected; the most abundant species were 1-Ring
type of benzene and toluene, which were consistent with thevolatile gas analysis by a solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME)
coupled with GC/MS. The isomer ratios for 2-methyl and 1methyl naphthalene (2-MN/1-MN), phenanthrene and anthracene(Phe/Ant) indicated typical signatures of abiotic formation process (cf. detonation process [3]). The relative abundance for thosearomatic rings showed 1-Rings > 2-Rings > 3-Rings > 4-Rings.
We conclude that the KTB- and RK-based deflagration with thequenching effect will produce various labile and refractory organic matters in the soot without thermal degradation.
[1] e.g., Greiner et al., Diamonds in detonation soot. Nature 333,440-442 (1988).
[2] Tachibana et al., Hayabusa2: Scientific importance of samples
returned from near-Earth C-type asteroid 1999 JU3. Geochem.
J., 48, 571-587 (2015); Okazaki et al., Hayabusa2 sample container: Metal-seal system for vacuum encapsulation of returned
samples. Space Science Reviews (submitted)[3] Takano et al., Abiotic formation of amorphous carbonaceous
particles by a HMX (cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine) explosion experiment: implication from organic matters and thequench effect. Abstract for Hayabusa 2014: 2nd Symposium of
Solar System Materials, P03 (2014)