歴史地震第35号(2020) 105-111頁
受付日 2018/11/30, 受理日 2020/03/28

䠷㈨ᩱ䠹㻌 ᩥ໬ඖᖺභ᭶ᅄ᪥䠄㻝㻤㻜㻠ᖺ㻣᭶㻝㻜᪥䠅㻌ฟ⩚㇟₲ᆅ㟈䛾ヲ⣽㟈ᗘศᕸᆅ㟈ὠἼ㜵⅏ᡓ␎◊✲ᡤ㻌*㻌 㷗ྖ㻌 ჆ᐉᾏὒ◊✲㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ㻌 ᾏᇦᆅ㟈ⅆᒣ㒊㛛㻌†㻌 㻌 ௒஭ ೺ኴ㑻

Detailed Distribution of Seismic Intensities of the Bunka Kisakata Earthquake of July 10th, 1804
Yoshinobu TSUJI
Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster Prevention Strategy Institute, 3-8-3 Matsuba, Ryugasaki,Ibaraki, 301-0043 Japan
Kentaro IMAIJapan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku,
Yokohama, 236-0001 Japan
It is well known that coastal area of Kisakata lagoon, south coast of Akita Prefecture, was upheaved due to theBunka Kisakata Earthquake of July 10th, 1804. Accompanied with the earthquake a tsunami hit the coasts ofYamagata and Akita coasts. In this study, the rate for collapse of wooden houses due to strong motion described inhistorical document was evaluated and the details and wide spreading the seismic intensity distribution of theearthquake were clarified.
Keywords: The 1804 Bunka Kisakata Earthquake, upheaval of the crust, distribution of seismic intensity for villages,
estimation of seismic intensity by using old document descriptions.
㼲㻝㻚㻌 䛿䛨䜑䛻ᩥ໬ඖᖺ㻌 㻔㻝㻤㻜㻠㻕㻌 භ᭶ᅄ᪥䠈⛅⏣┴༡㒊ᾏᓊ⥺௜㏆䛷Ⓨ⏕䛧䛯㇟₲ᆅ㟈䛿䠈䛭䜜䜎䛷௝ྎᯇᓥ䛸ྠᵝ䛾ෆ‴䛻ከᩘ䛾ᓥ䛾ᾋ䛛䜆ྡ຾ᆅ䛷䛒䛳䛯㇟₲䛜䠈ᆅ┙㝯㉳䛻䜘䛳䛶㝣໬䛧䠈ྡ຾䛜ኻ䜟䜜䛯䛣䛸䛜▱䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊Ᏹబ⨾㻌 㻔㻞㻜㻜㻟㻕㻌 䛷䛿ᆅ㟈つᶍ 㻹 䛿㻣㻚㻜㼼㻜㻚㻝 䛸䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈䛣䛾ᆅ㟈䛻క䛳䛶ᒣᙧ┴㓇⏣ᕷᐑ㔝ᾆ௨໭䠈⛅⏣┴䛻䛛䜋ᕷ୕᳃௨༡䛾ᾏᓊ䛷ὠἼ⿕ᐖ䜢⏕䛨䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䛜㷗ྖ䞉௚㻌 䠄㻞㻜㻝㻡䠅㻌䛻䜘䛳䛶♧䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䜜䜙䛾䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈䛣䛾ᆅ㟈䛾㟈※ᇦ䛜䛻䛛䜋ᕷ㇟₲௜㏆䜢୰ᚰ䛸䛩䜛ᾏ㝣㡿ᇦ䛻䜎䛯䛜䛳䛶㟈※ᇦ䛜ᣑ䛜䛳䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䛿᫂䜙䛛䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈䛭䛾㉳㟈᩿ᒙ䛾ṇ☜䛺఩⨨䜔䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮䛿᫂☜䛻䛿▱䜙䜜䛶䛔䛺䛛䛳䛯䠊㻌䛭䛣䛷ᮏ◊✲䛷䛿䠈䛣䛾ᆅ㟈䛾䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮䜢ゎ᫂䛩䜛సᴗ䛾୍⎔䛸䛧䛶䠈ྛ✀䛾ᆅ㟈ྐᩱ䛛䜙Ụᡞᮇ䛾ᮧ༢఩䛷䛾₽ᐙᩘ䠈◚ᦆᩘ䛜グ㘓䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛グ஦䜢㞟䜑䠈ᖹซ♫䛾ᆅྡ㎡඾䛛䜙ᮧ䛤䛸䛾⥲ᡞᩘ䛾グ㍕
䜢㞟✚䛧䛶䠈ᮧ䛤䛸䛾䛂₽ᐙ⋡䛃䜢ồ䜑䠈ヲ⣽㟈ᗘศᕸᅗ䜢ᥥ䛟䛣䛸䜢ヨ䜏䛯䠊㻌㼲㻞㻚㻌 Ụᡞᮇ䛾ᮧ䛤䛸⿕ᐖᩘ䛜グ㘓䛥䜜䛯ᩥ⊩㻞㻚㻝㻌 ⛅⏣┴䛾ᩥ⊩㻌௒ᮧ᫂ᜏⴭ䛾䛄ዟ⩚す㒊䛾ᆅ㟈ᖏ䛅䠄Ṋ⪅䠈㻝㻥㻠㻝䠈䛄ቑゞ㻌 ኱᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ㻌 ➨ 㻟 ᕳ䛅䠈௨ୗ 㻹㻟 䛸␎グ䛩䜛䠅㻌 䛻䛿䠈㻝㻡㻞 㡫䛛䜙 㻝㻢㻥 㡫㻌 䠄௨ୗ䠈㻹㻟㻚㻝㻡㻞㻙㻝㻢㻥䛾䜘䛖䛻␎䛩䠅㻌 䜎䛷 㻝㻤 䝨䞊䝆䛻䜟䛯䛳䛶䛣䛾ᆅ㟈䛻㛵䛩䜛ྐᩱ䛜ᥖ㍕䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䜜䜙䛾ᩥ⊩䛾୰䛷䠈Ụᡞᮇ䛾ᮧ䜢༢఩䛸䛧䛶㟈ᗘ䜢᥎ᐃ䛩䜛䛾䛻᭱䜒᭷ຊ䛺ྐᩱ䛿䠈௒ᮧ᫂ᜏ䛾䛄ዟ⩚す㒊䝜ᆅ㟈ᖏ䛅䛾ᘬ⏝䛾ᙧ䛷⤂௓䛥䜜䛯䛂භ㒓౳㡸ศෆ䝙᪊䝔ྛ᪉㠃䝜ᒆ᭩䠈ཬ䝡≧ἣ䛃䛻ጞ䜎䜛䠈ྛ㒓䛾ྡ୺䛜㞟ィ䛧䛯⿕ᐖ⾲䛷䛒䜛䠊භ㒓䛸䛔䛖䛾䛿ᮏⲮ⸬䛾⸬୺䛾ጣ䛷䛒䛳䛶䠈ᩥ໬㇟₲ᆅ㟈䛾᫬䛾⸬୺䛿➨භ௦䛾භ㒓ᨻ㏿㻌 䠄䜝䛟䛤䛖㻌 䜎䛥䛱䛛䠅㻌 䛷䛒䛳䛯䠊䛣䛣䛻䛿⌧ᅾ䛾⛅⏣┴⏤฼ᮏⲮᕷ䠈ཬ䜃䛻䛛䜋ᕷᇦ䛾⣙ 㻟㻜 ಶ䛾ᮧ䛾㒓㻌 䠄䛚䜘䛭ᩘಶ䛾ᮧ䜢᮰䛽䛶䠍㒓䛸䛥䜜䜛䠅㻌 䛤䛸䛻㞟* 䛈301-0043 Ⲉᇛ┴㱟䜿ᓮᕷᯇⴥ 3-8-3㟁Ꮚ䝯䞊䝹: charohappypochii yyahoo.co.jp† 䛈236-0001 ⚄ዉᕝ┴ᶓ὾ᕷ㔠ἑ༊᫛࿴⏫ 3173-25

㟁Ꮚ䝯䞊䝹: imaik
k jjamstec.go.jp- 105 -䛷䛝䛺䛛䛳䛯ᮧ䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒ゝཬ䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈ᐈほⓗ䛺⢭ィ䛥䜜䛯⿕ᐖᩘᏐ䛜ᣲ䛢䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻䠈䛄㓇⏣ᗘ䛿ຎ䜛䛜㟈ᗘ䛾⪃ᐹᮦᩱ䛸䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛㻌 䠄ᩥ౳㡿ศෆྛᡤᒆ䛅䛸䛧䛶ᒣᙧ┴䛾グ㘓䜒ྵ䜎䜜䛶䛔⊩ 㻶䠅䠊㻌
䜛䠊䛣䜜䜢ᩥ⊩ 㻭 䛸䛩䜛䠊㻌ᮾி኱Ꮫᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤ㻌 䠄㻝㻥㻤㻠䠅㻌 䛛䜙ห⾜䛥䜜䛯䛄᪂䛺䛚䠈ᒣᙧ┴ഃ䛾グ㘓䛻䠈⛅⏣┴䛾⿕ᐖᩘ䜢グ㘓཰㻌 ᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ㻌 ➨ᅄᕳ䛅䠄௨ୗ 㻿㻠 䛸␎グ䛩䜛䠅㻌 䛧䛯䜒䛾䛜ⱝᖸ䛒䜛䠊୕஭ᩥᗜ䛾䛄Ọ᭩䛅㻔㻿㻠㻚㻞㻠㻣㻙䛻䛿䠈㻿㻠㻚㻝㻥㻠㻙㻞㻣㻢 䛻䠈䛣䛾ᆅ㟈䛾ྐᩱ䛜ᥖ㍕䛥䜜䛶㻞㻠㻤㻕㻌 䛻䛿ᮏᗉ䞉㓇⏣㛫䛾ྛ㞟ⴠ䛾③ᐙᩘ䛸Ṛ⪅ᩘ䛔䜛䠊䛭䛾䛖䛱䠈䛄ᮏⲮᕷྐ⦅⧩㈨ᩱ㻌 ༑୕䛅䠄㻿㻠㻚㻝㻥㻡䠅㻌䛜䠈グ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㻌 䠄ᩥ⊩ 㻷䠅䠊㻌䛻䛿䠈䛄ᚚᕠぢᵝ᪉ᚚᑜஅ⠇ၥ⟅ぬ᭩䛅䛾ෆᐜ䛜⤂௓䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䜜䛿ྛ⸬䛾᝟ໃ䜢ㄪᰝどᐹ䛩䜛┠㻞㻚㻞㻌 ᒣᙧ┴䛾ᩥ⊩㻌ⓗ䛷Ụᡞᖥᗓ䛜ྛᆅ䛾ㅖ኱ྡ䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䛂ᕠ᳨౑䛃䜢ᒣᙧ┴ഃ䛷᭱䜒⿕ᐖᩘᏐ䛜ヲ⣽䛻グ䛥䜜䛯ᩥ⊩ᕪ䛧ྥ䛡䠈ྛ⸬䛻ᛂᑐ䛥䛫䛯䜒䛾䛷䠈䛭䛾ၥ⟅䜢グ㘓䛿䛄ⴠⴥᦋ㻌 ୍䛅䠄㭯ᒸᕷ㒓ᅵ㈨ᩱ㤋ᡤⶶ䠈㻿㻠㻚㻞㻟㻟㻙䛧䛯䜒䛾䛸᥎ᐃ䛥䜜䜛䠊ኳಖ஑ᖺ㻌 䠄㻝㻤㻟㻤䠅㻌 䛻グ㘓䛥䜜㻞㻠㻠䠅㻌䛷䛒䜛䠊ෑ㢌䛻䛂Ⰽ䚻⪺᭩䛃䛸䛒䜛䛜䠈㢼⪺䜢㞟䛯䛸䛒䜚䠈ᩥ໬භᖺ䛛䜙 㻟㻠 ᖺᚋ䛾グ㘓䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈බⓗ䜑䛯䜒䛾䛷䛿䛺䛟䛶䠈බⓗ䛺グ㘓䜢ヲ⣽䛻㌿෗䛧䛯䜒䛺ᩥ᭩䛸䛧䛶ಙ㢗ᗘ䛾㧗䛔ᩥ⊩䛷䛒䜛䛸ホ౯䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊䛣䛾䛸䛝䛿ᮏᗉ⏫㻌 䠄⌧ᅾ䛾⏤฼ᮏⲮᕷ䠅㻌 䛾䛷ಙ㢗䛩䜛䛻㊊䜛ᩥ⊩䛸ุ᩿䛥䜜䜛㻌 䠄ᩥ⊩ 㻸䠅䠊㻌ᆅ㟈䛾䠎䛛᭶ᚋ䛾ᩥ໬஑ᖺඵ᭶䛻᪂ᇼᮧ㻌 䠄䛻䛔䛾䜋䛛䠈ሷ㉺ᮧ㻌 䠄⌧ᅾ䛾䛻䛛䜋ᕷ㇟₲䠅㻌 䜢ጞ䜑䛸䛧䜋䜚䜐䜙䠈⌧ᅾ㓇⏣ᕷ᪂ᇼ䠅㻌 䛾㜿㒊ᐑ἞䛾グ䛧䛯䛶䠈ᩥ໬㇟₲ᆅ㟈䛾⿕⅏ᾏᓊ䜢ᕠ᳨౑⮬㌟䛜ゼ䜜䛄⏣⯋ᄋ㻌 ඲䛅䠄ཎᮏ䛿㭯ᒸᕷ㒓ᅵ㈨ᩱ㤋ⶶ䠈㻿㻠㻙䛶⿕ᐖ≧ἣ䛻䛴䛔䛶㉁ၥ䛜䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䜢᝿ᐃ䛧䛶䠈㏉㼜㻞㻢㻟䠅㻌 䛻䛿㓇⏣䛾໭䛾⌧ᅾ䛾㐟బ⏫䛾ྛᮧ䛾⿕ᐖ⟅䛩䜛䜉䛝ෆᐜ䛜グ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䜜䛻䛿⌧ᅾ䛾䛻䛛䜋ᕷᇦ䛾㔠ᾆᮧ䠈ⱂ⏣ᮧ䠈㣕ᮧ䠈୕᳃ᮧ䠈㉥▼ᮧ䠈 ᩘ䛜グ㘓䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄ᩥ⊩ 㻹䠅䠊㻌䛄ぢศ㞟䛅㻔㻿㻠㻚㻞㻢㻣㻕㻌 䛻䜒㓇⏣ᇛୗ䠈㐟బ㒓䠈Ⲩ℩㒓⍆ᾆᮧ䠈ฟᡞᮧ䛾 㻣 ᮧ䛾⿕ᐖᩘᏐ䛜グ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛺䛹䛾⿕ᐖᩘ䛜グ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㻌 䠄ᩥ⊩ 㻺 䛸䛩䜛䠅䠊㻌䛣䜜䜢ᩥ⊩ 㻮 䛸䛩䜛䠊㻌Ᏹబ⨾㻌 䠄㻞㻜㻜㻞䠅㻌 䛾䛄᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈ྐᩱ㻌 ᣠ㑇㻌 ஧䛅䛄㇟₲㒓ᅵㄅ㻌 ୐䛅䠄㻿㻠㻚㻞㻜㻡㻙㻞㻝㻜䠅㻌 䛻䛚䛡䜛䛄㡿୺䠄௨ୗ䠈㼁㻞 䛸␎グ䛩䜛䠅䛻ᥖ㍕䛥䜜䛯䛄୕వ㞧ᢒ䠄෗䠅䛅භ㒓ᐙ䛾グ㘓䛅䠄㻿㻠㻚㻞㻜㻡㻙㻞㻜㻤䠅㻌 䛸䛧䛶䠈䛭䛾ᨭ㓄ୗ䛻䠄㼁㻞㻚㻝㻠㻞㻙㻝㻠㻤䠅㻌䛿ᒣᙧ኱Ꮫ㝃ᒓᅗ᭩㤋䛾୕ᾆᩥᗜ䛒䛳䛯㇟₲䜢ྵ䜐ሷ㉺ᮧ䛾⿕ᐖグ㘓䛻⥆䛡䛶䠈ᇛୗᩥ᭩䛾ᩥ⊩䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈ᒣᙧ┴ഃ䛾ᮧู䛾⿕ᐖᩘ䛜䛾⿕ᐖᩘᏐ䛜䛒䛢䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻䠈ྠ㒓ᅵㄅ䛻䛿᭩䛛䜜䛶䛔䜛㻌 䠄ᩥ⊩ 㻻䠅䠊㻌ᇛୗ䛾໭ᮾ䛻ᕷ⾤ᆅ䛜㐃䛺䛳䛯ⓑ㞷⏫䠈䛚䜘䜃㡿ෆᏱబ⨾㻌 䠄㻞㻜㻝㻞䠅㻌 䛾䛄᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈ྐᩱ㻌 ᣠ㑇㻌 ஬䝜䛾Ꮚྜྷ㒓䠈₲ಖ㒓䠈す┠㒓䠈▼ἑ㒓䛺䛹䛾⿕ᐖᩘ䛜ୖ䛅䠄௨ୗ䠈㼁㻡㻭 䛸␎グ䛩䜛䠅㻌 䛻ᥖ㍕䛥䜜䛯䛄ᨵゞ㻌 䜅グ㘓䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䜜䜢ᩥ⊩ 㻯 䛸䛩䜛䠊㻌䜛䛥䛸ㅮᗙ㻌྿ᾆ䛅䠄㼁㻡㻭㻚㻟㻝㻡㻙㻟㻝㻥䠅㻌 䛻䛿䠈㐟బ⏫྿䜎䛯䠈䛄㇟₲㒓ᅵㄅ㻌 ୐䛅䛻䛿䛄㛗ᒸᩧ⸨୚஬ྑ⾨ᾆ䛸䛭䛾࿘㎶䛾⿕ᐖᩘ䛜グ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㻌䠄ᩥ⊩ 㻼䠅䠊䜎㛛グ㘓䛅䠄㻿㻠㻚㻞㻜㻥䠅䛜ᘬ⏝䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈䛣䜜䛻䛿㇟₲௨༡䜔ෆ㝣㒊䛾ᮧ䛾⿕ᐖ䛜グ㘓䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㻌 䠄ᩥ⊩ 㻰䠅䠊㻌 䛯䠈䛄ᖹ⏣⏫ྐ䛅䛻ᘬ⏝䛥䜜䛯䛄㜿㒊ᕷຓᐙᩥ᭩䛅䜔䠈ຍ䛘䛶䠈㻿㻠㻚㻞㻜㻥 䛻䛿䛂ோ㈡ಖᐙ䛾グ㘓䛃䛜ᘬ⏝䛥䜜䠈 䛄㧗ᶫ୚ᕥ⾨㛛ᐙᩥ᭩䛅䛺䛹䜒᭷⏝䛷䛒䜛㻌 䠄ᩥ⊩ 㻽䛚䜘䜃ᩥ⊩ 㻾䠈㼁㻡㻭㻚㻟㻝㻥㻙㻟㻞㻢䠅䠊㻌⌧ᅾ䛾 㻶㻾 ோ㈡ಖ㥐࿘㎶ᾏ὾䛾୕ᮧ䛾グ㘓䛜ᥖ㍕䛥䛣䛾䜋䛛ᒣᙧ┴ഃ䛻䛿㝶➹㢼䛾ᩓᩥ䛾ᙧᘧ䛷グ䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈䛣䜜䛻䛿ὠἼ⿕ᐖ䛜グ㘓䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄ᩥ⊩㻱䠅䠊㻌䛥䜜䛯グ㘓䛜ከ䛔䠊㻌䛄㇟₲⏫ྐ䛅䠄㻿㻠㻚㻞㻝㻜㻙㻞㻝㻝䠅㻌 䛻䛿㇟₲䛾༡䛻఩⨨䛩䜛㛵ᮧ䛾ᐙᒇ⿕ᐖ䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈⿕⅏⪅ಶே䛾ேྡ䛸㼲㻟㻚㻌 ᐙᒇ඲ቯ⋡䛾⟬ฟ䛸┦ᙜ㟈ᗘ䛾᥎ᐃ㻌⿕ᐖ≧ἣ䛜ヲ⣽䛻グ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄ᩥ⊩ 㻲䠅䠊㻌䛄⏤฼⏫ྐ䛅㻔㻿㻠㻚㻞㻝㻞㻙㻞㻝㻟㻕㻌 䛻䛿䠈ෆ㝣㒊䜢㉮䜛⏤㻟㻚㻝㻌 ྂグ㘓䛛䜙⌧⾜㟈ᗘ䛾᥎ᐃ᪉ἲ㻌฼㧗ཎ㕲㐨ἢ䛔䛾㞟ⴠ䛾⿕ᐖ䛜グ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㻌 䠄ᩥ๓⠇䛷㏙䜉䛯ྛᩥ⊩䛾グ㍕䛛䜙ᮧู䛾⿕ᐖᩘ䜢⊩ 㻳䠅䠊㻌ᢳฟ䛧䠈ᮧ䛤䛸䛻㞟ィ䛧䛯䠊ᮧ䛤䛸䛾⥲ᐙᒇ㌺ᩘ䛿䠈䛄㇟₲⏫ྐᖺ⾲䛅䠄㻿㻠㻚㻞㻝㻡䠅㻌 䛻䛿㔠ᾆᮧ䠈๓ᕝᮧ䠈኱➉ᮧ㻌 䠄䛔䛪䜜䜒⌧ᅾ䛻䛛䜋ᕷ䠈㻶㻾 㔠ᾆ㥐௜㏆༡ᖹซ♫㻌 㻔㻝㻥㻤㻜䠈㻝㻥㻥㻜㻕㻌 䛾䛄᪥ᮏṔྐᆅྡ኱⣔䛅䛾䛄⛅᪉䠅㻌 䛾⿕ᐖᩘ䛜ᣲ䛢䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄ᩥ⊩ 㻴䠅䠊㻌⏣┴䛾ᆅྡ䛅䛸䛄ᒣᙧ┴䛾ᆅྡ䛅䛻䜘䛳䛶䠈Ụᡞᮇ䛾䛄㇟₲㒓ᅵྐ㈨ᩱ䛅䠄㻿㻠㻚㻞㻝㻡䠅㻌 䛻䛿䛄㯮ᕝᩪ⸨ᚨᙪ䛺䜛䜉䛟ᩥ໬භᖺ㻌 䠄㻝㻤㻜㻠㻕㻌 䛻㏆䛔ᖺ௦䛾ᐙᒇ㌺ᩘ䜢ᐙᩥ᭩䛅䛸䛧䛶䠈㉥▼ᮧ䠈㣕ᮧ䛺䛹 㻶㻾 㔠ᾆ࿘㎶໭᪉ㄪ䜉䠈䛣䜜䜢ศẕ䛸䛧䛶䛂₽ᐙ⋡䛃䜢⟬ฟ䛧䛯䠊䛭䛾㝿䠈㻌䛾ᮧ䚻䛾⿕ᐖᩘ䛜グ㘓䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㻌 䠄ᩥ⊩ 㻵䠅䠊㻌䠄㻭䠅㻌 ศᏊ䛸䛧䛶䛂₽ᐙᩘ䛃䛾䜏䜢⏝䛔䜛䠊㻌௨ୖ䛾䜋䛛䠈㔠ᾆ䛾䛄ίⶈᑎ஑ୡ▱⚽グ䛅䠄㻿㻠㻚㻞㻝㻡䠅䠄㻮䠅㻌 ศᏊ䛸䛧䛶䛂₽ᐙᩘ䠇㻜㻚㻡㽢䠄༙₽ᩘ䠇኱◚䛿䠈㝶➹㢼䛾ᩥ⊩䛷䠈⿕ᐖᩘ䛿グ䛥䜜䛶䛿䛔䛺䛔䛜ᩘ䠅䛃䜢⏝䛔䜛䠊㻌
グ㍕ᑐ㇟䛜ᗈ⠊ᅖ䛷䠈௨ୖ䛾ᩥ⊩グ㘓䛷ぢ䜛䛣䛸䛾- 106 -䛾஧㏻䜚䛾ᩘᏐ䜢⟬ฟ䛧䛯䛜䠈᭱⤊ⓗ䛺㟈ᗘ᥎ᐃ䛻⾲ 1䠊ᩥ໬㇟₲ᆅ㟈䛾₽ᐙ⋡䜢ィ⟬䛷䛝䜛ᮧ䛸䛭䜜䛿䠄㻮䠅䜢⏝䛔䛯䠊₽ᐙ䛜䛺䛟༙₽ᐙ䛰䛡䛜ᩘ㌺䛒䛳䛯䛻䜘䛳䛶᥎ᐃ䛧䛯㟈ᗘᮧ䛜䛂↓⿕ᐖ㻌 㻔㟈ᗘ 㻠 䛛䛭䜜௨ୗ㻕䛃䛸ྠ䛨䜘䛖䛻ᢅ䜟䜜䜛䛾䛿୙ྜ⌮䛸⪃䛘䛯䛛䜙䛷䛒䜛䠊䛯䛰䛧⿕ᐖ䛜
Table 1.㻌 Estimated seismic intensities of the 1804
Bunka
Kisakata Earthquake with list of villages where䛂◚ᦆ䛃䛾䜏䛾ᮧ䛿୍ᚊ䛻㟈ᗘ䠑ᙅ䛸䛧䛯䠊㻌the rate of collapsed houses evaluated.
⌧ᅾ䛾Ẽ㇟ᗇ㟈ᗘ䛿䠈㏆௦䛾ᮌ㐀ᐙᒇ䛾඲ቯ⋡䛾㟈ᗘ䠑ᙅ䛸㟈ᗘ䠑ᙉ䛾ቃ⏺䠈㟈ᗘ䠑ᙉ䛸䠒ᙅ䛾ቃ⏺䠈䠒ᙅ䛸䠒ᙉ䛾ቃ⏺䠈䛚䜘䜃䠒ᙉ䛸䠓䛾ቃ⏺䜢䛭䜜䛮䜜㻜㻚㻝㻑䠈䠍䠂䠈㻝㻜䠂䠈㻟㻜㻑䛷༊ศ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㻌 㼇౛䛘䜀Ṋᮧ㻌㻔㻞㻜㻜㻟㻕㻌 䛾኱ṇ㛵ᮾ㟈⅏䛾㟈ᗘศᕸᅗ㼉䠊䛧䛛䛧䛺䛜䜙䠈Ụᡞᮇ䛾ᐙᒇ䛿㏆௦䛾᪥ᮏ䛾ᐙᒇ䜘䜚⪏㟈ᛶ䛜ຎ䛳䛶䛔䜛䛾䛿᫂䜙䛛䛺䛾䛷䠈䛣䛾༊ศ䜢䛭䛾䜎䜎Ụᡞᮇ䛾ᆅ㟈䛾⿕ᐖ⋡䛻ᙜ䛶䛿䜑䜛䛾䛿ጇᙜ䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊䛭䛣䛷ᮏ✏䛷䛿䠈䛣䛾ቃ⏺䜢 㻝䠂䠈㻟䠂䠈㻟㻜㻑䠈㻤㻜㻑䛸䛧䛯䠊㻌㻌 ↓⿕ᐖ䛾ሙᡤ䛷䛾㟈ᗘ䛿䠈䐟ቨ䛾ட⿣䛺䛹䛾ᚤ⿕ᐖ䛾ሙྜ䠈䐠⸬୺䛺䛹䜈䛾䛤ᶵ᎘ఛ䠈䐡ᐙᒇ䛛䜙䛾ᡞእ㏥㑊䠈䐢䛂㏆ᖺぬ䛘䛼ᦂ䜜䛃䛺䛹䛾グ㍕䛾ሙྜ䛿㟈ᗘ 㻠 䛸䛧䛯䠊᪥グ୰䛺䛹䛻ᙉ䠈వ⛬䠈䛺䛹䛷ᙧᐜ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛ሙྜ䛿㟈ᗘ 㻟 䛛 㻠 䛷䛒䜝䛖䛜䠈ᮏ✏䛷䛿 㻟䛸䛧䛯䠊᪥グ䛺䛻䛯䛰䛂ᆅ㟈䛃䛸䛒䜛䛾䛿㟈ᗘ 㻞 䛺䛔䛧㻟 䛷䛒䜝䛖䛜䠈ᮏ✏䛷䛿 㻟 䛸䛧䛯䠊䛂ᑡ䚻䛾ᦂ䜜䛿 㻞 䛸䛧䛯䠊㻌㻟㻚㻞㻌 ᮧ䛤䛸㟈ᗘ䛾᥎ᐃ㻌ྂᩥ⊩グ㘓䜢䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇໬䛧䠈ᮧ༢఩䛾㟈ᗘ䜢᥎ᐃ䛧䛖䜛グ஦ 㻝 ௳䜢 㻝 ᯛ䛾㟁Ꮚⓗ䜹䞊䝗䛸䛧䛯ሙྜ䠈ᩥ໬㇟₲ᆅ㟈䛿඲㒊䛷 㻞㻞㻣 ᯛ䛾㟁Ꮚⓗ䜹䞊䝗䛸䛺䛳䛯䠊㻌㻝 䛴䛾ᮧ䛷䠈ᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛₽ᐙᩘ䠈༙₽኱③ᩘ䠈䛚䜘䜃Ụᡞᮇ䛾䛭䛾ᮧ䛾⥲ᐙᩘ䛜ุ᫂䛧䠈₽ᐙ⋡䛛䜙䛭䛾ᮧ䛷䛾㟈ᗘ䜢᥎ᐃ䛧䛖䜛ሙᡤ䛿䠈඲㒊䛷 㻡㻥 䛛ᡤ䛒䛳䛯䠊㻌䛭䛾ྛᮧ䛾グ㍕ᩥ⊩䠈ᮧྡ䠈ᆅ㟈⿕ᐖᩘ䠈Ụᡞᮇ䛛䜙᫂἞ึᮇ䛾⥲ᐙᩘ䠈₽ᐙ⋡䠈䛚䜘䜃䛭䜜䛻䜘䛳䛶᥎ᐃ䛧䛯㟈ᗘ䜢⾲䠍䛻♧䛩䠊⾲䛾㡰ᗎ䛿ཝᐦ䛻໭䛛䜙༡䜈䛾㡰䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌䛔䛟䛴䛛䛾ᮧ䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䠈Ụᡞᮇ䛸᫂἞ึᮇ䛾ᐙᩘ䜢ඹ䛻♧䛧䛯ሙᡤ䛜䛒䜛䛜䠈୧⪅䛾ᩘᏐ䛿䛒䜎䜚ኚ䜟䜙䛪䠈᫂἞ึᖺ䛾ᐙᩘ䜢⏝䛔䛶䜒䛚䜘䛭ၥ㢟䛜䛺䛔䛣䛸䛜஢ゎ䛥䜜䜛䛷䛒䜝䛖䠊㻌㻟㻚㻟㻌 㒓༢఩䛷ᖹᆒⓗ䛺㟈ᗘ䛜᥎ᐃ䛷䛝䜛ᮧ䚻㻌ಶ䚻䛾ᮧ䚻䛾㟈ᗘ䛿᥎ᐃ䛷䛝䛺䛔䛜䠈ᩘ䜿ᮧ䛷ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䜛䛂㒓䛃༢఩䛾ྜィ⿕ᐖᩘ䛜グ㘓䛥䜜䠈䛧䛛䜒䛭䛾㒓඲య䛾⥲ᡞᩘ䛜䜟䛛䜛ሙྜ䛻䛿䠈㒓඲య䛸䛧䛶䛾₽ᐙ⋡䛜ィ⟬䛷䛝䛶䠈㒓඲య䛸䛧䛶䛾㟈ᗘ䛜᥎- 107 -ᐃ䛷䛝䜛䜿䞊䝇䛜䛒䜛䠊䛣䛾ሙྜ䠈䛭䛾ᖹᆒ㟈ᗘ䛜ᚲ䛪䛧䜒䛭䛾㒓䜢ᵓᡂ䛩䜛ಶ䚻䛾ᮧ䛾㟈ᗘ䛻➼䛧䛔䛸䛿㝈䜙䛺䛔䠊䛧䛛䛧ᮏ✏䛷䛿䠈䛭䛾䛣䛸䜢ᢎ▱䛾ୖ䛷䠈ྛᮧ䛾㟈ᗘ䛿䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻䛧䛶᥎ᐃ䛧䛯㒓䛾ᖹᆒ㟈ᗘ䛻➼䛧䛔䛸ぢ䛺䛩䛣䛸䛸䛧䛯䠊䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺౛䜢௨ୗ䛻䛒䛢䜛䛜䠈௨ୗ䠈ᩥ⊩グྕ㻛㒓ྡ㻛ᢅ䛔ྡ୺ྡ㻛ᡤᒓᮧ㻛₽ᐙ⋡㻛᥎ᐃ㟈ᗘ䛾㡰䛻ิᣲ䛩䜛䛸ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛻䛺䜛䠊㻌㻭㻛Ꮚྜྷ㒓㻛⏒ර⾨ᢅ㻛⸆ᖌᇽᮧ䞉⸨ᓮᮧ㻛㻢 ᙉ㻌㻭㻛Ꮚྜྷ㒓㻛㔠ྑ⾨㛛ᢅ㻛⯪ᒸᮧ䞉ᇙ⏣ᮧ䞉ⴱἲᮧ䞉⋢䜿ụᮧ㻛㻢 ᙅ㻌㻮㻛▼ἑ㒓㻛ᛅྑ⾨㛛ᢅ㻛⍆䜿ᾆᮧ䞉ᐊἑᮧ㻛㻣㻌㻮㻛ⱂ⏣㒓㻛୚ᕥ⾨㛛䛺䛹 㻠 ྡᢅ㻛ⱂ⏣ᮧ䞉୕᳃ᮧ䞉㯮ᕝᮧ䞉㔠ᾆᮧ䞉㉥▼ᮧ䞉㣕ᮧ㻛㻣㻌➼䛷䛒䜛䠊㻌䜢ᇶ♏䛸䛧䛶䠈䛣䛾ᆅ㟈䛾䜘䜚⢭ᗘ䛾㧗䛔᩿ᒙ䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮䜢◊✲䛩䜛䛾䛻㈉⊩䛷䛝䜜䜀ᖾ䛔䛷䛒䜛䠊㻌ㅰ㎡㻌ᮏ◊✲䛿 㻶㻿㻼㻿 ⛉◊㈝㻌 䠄㻝㻢㻴㻜㻟㻝㻠㻢䠅㻌 䛾ᡂᯝ䛾୍㒊䛷䛩䠊䛣䛣䛻グ䛧䛶ឤㅰ䛾ព䜢⾲䛧䜎䛩䠊㻌ᑐ㇟ᆅ㟈䠖㻝㻤㻜㻠 ᖺฟ⩚㇟₲ᆅ㟈㻌ᩥ㻌 ⊩㻌ᖹซ♫䠈㻝㻥㻤㻜䠈᪥ᮏṔྐᆅྡ኱⣔➨஬ᕳ㻌 ⛅⏣┴䛾ᆅྡ䠈㻣㻢㻢㼜㼜㻚㻌ᖹซ♫䠈㻝㻥㻥㻜䠈᪥ᮏṔྐᆅྡ኱⣔➨භᕳ㻌 ᒣᙧ┴䛾㻟㻚㻠㻌 ⿕ᐖᐙᒇ⋡௨እ䛷㟈ᗘ䛜᥎ᐃ䛷䛝䜛ᮧ㻌ᆅྡ䠈㻥㻣㻡㼜㼜㻚㻌 㻌㇟₲䛾ᮾ᪉⣙ 㻢㻌 㼗㼙 䛻䛒䜛᱇ᆏᮧ䛷䛿ᩥ⊩ 㻰 䛻Ṋ⪅㔠ྜྷ䠈㻝㻥㻠㻝䠈ቑゞ㻌኱᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ㻌 ➨୕ᕳ䠈䛄᱇ᆏ⏿䜢㝖䛝ᆅ⿣䛡◲㯤⮯䛾ἾỈ‪䛝ฟ䛩䛅䛸グ㘓ᩥ㒊┬㟈⅏ண㜵ホ㆟఍䠈㻥㻠㻡㼜㼜䠊䠄ᮏᩥ䛷䛿 㻹㻟䛥䜜䠈ᙉᗘ䛾ᾮ≧໬䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㟈ᗘ 㻡 ᙉ䛸᥎ᐃ䛥䜜䜛䠊㻌䛸␎グ䠅㻌㻌 ௨ୖ䛾䜘䛖䛺⪃ᐹ䛛䜙䠈ᩥ໬㇟₲ᆅ㟈䛾ᗈᇦ㟈ᗘṊᮧ㞞அ䠈㻞㻜㻜㻟䠈Ụᡞ䞉ᮾி䛾ᆅ㟈䠈䝗䜻䝳䝯䞁䝖⅏ᐖศᕸ䛸䛧䛶ᅗ 㻝 䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䠊ᅗ㻌 㻔㼍㻕䛿᪥ᮏิᓥ䛻䛚䛡ྐ 㻝㻣㻜㻟㻙㻞㻜㻜㻟䠈ᅜ❧ṔྐẸ಑༤≀㤋䠈㻠㻝㻙㻡㻡䠊㻌䜛ᗈᇦ㟈ᗘศᕸ䠈ᅗ㻌 㻔㼎㻕䛿⛅⏣┴䛚䜘䜃ᒣ䛜┴䛾ᗈᮾி኱Ꮫᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤ䠈㻝㻥㻤㻠䠈᪂཰㻌 ᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ㻌ᇦ㟈ᗘศᕸ䛷䛒䜛䠊ヲ⣽㟈ᗘศᕸ䛛䜙ᅗ 㻡 䛜ᚓ䜙䜜➨ᅄᕳ䠈㻤㻣㻜㼜㼜䠊䠄ᮏᩥ䛷䛿 㻿㻠 䛸␎グ䠅㻌䜛䠊ᅗ 㻞 䛿ᩥ໬㇟₲ᆅ㟈䛾ヲ⣽㟈ᗘศᕸ䛷䛒䜚䠈ᅗ㷗ྖ჆ᐉ䞉௒஭೺ኴ㑻䞉㤿ῡᖾ㞝䞉ᒸ⏣Ύᏹ䞉␁ᰗ㝧㻔㼍㻕䛿⛅⏣༡㒊䠈㻔㼎㻕䛿ᒣᙧ໭㒊䠈㻔㼏㻕䛿ᒣᙧ୰㒊䛾ヲ௓䞉኱ᐙ㝯⾜䞉ᰩᮏᫀᚿ䞉ᮌ༡Ꮥ༤䞉ᯇᒸ⿱ஓ䞉⣽㟈ᗘศᕸ䛷䛒䜛䠊㻌బ⸨㞞⨾䞉ⰾ㈡ᘺ⏕䞉௒ᮧᩥᙪ䠈㻞㻜㻝㻡䠈ኳಖᅄᖺ༑୍᭶஧༑භ᪥㻌 䠄㻝㻤㻟㻟 ᖺ 㻝㻞 ᭶ 㻣 ᪥䠅㻌 ฟ⩚㼲㻠㻚㻌 䛚䜟䜚䛻㻌Ἀᆅ㟈ὠἼ䛾ᒣᙧ┴ἢᓊ䛷䛾ὠἼ㧗ศᕸ䠈ὠᩥ໬ඖᖺ㇟₲ᆅ㟈䛾ྂᩥ⊩䛾୰䛛䜙ᮧ䛤䛸䛾ᐙἼᕤᏛ◊✲ሗ࿌䠈㻟㻝䠈㻞㻡㻟㻙㻞㻣㻡㻌ᒇ⿕ᐖᩘ䛾グ㍕䜢㞟䜑䠈ᆅྡ㎡᭩䛻䜘䛳䛶ᙜ᫬䛾⥲Ᏹబ⨾㱟ኵ䠈㻞㻜㻜㻞䠈᪥ᮏ䛾Ṕྐᆅ㟈ྐᩱ㻌 ᣠ㑇㻌 ஧䠈ᐙᩘ䜢ㄪᰝ䛧䛶Ụᡞᮇ䛾ᮧ䛤䛸䛾₽ᐙ⋡䜢ồ䜑䜛䛣㻡㻤㻟㼜㼜䠊䠄ᮏᩥ䛷䛿 㼁㻞 䛸␎グ䠅㻌䛸䛻䜘䛳䛶䠈㟈※ᆅ௜㏆䛷䛾ヲ⣽㟈ᗘศᕸᅗ䜢ᚓ䛯䠊 Ᏹ బ ⨾ 㱟 ኵ 䠈㻞㻜㻜㻟㻘㻌 ᭱ ᪂ ∧ 䠈 ᪥ ᮏ ⿕ ᐖ ᆅ 㟈 ⥲ ぴ㏆ᖺ䛿᩿ᒙ䝰䝕䝹䜢୚䛘䠈䝖䝰䜾䝷䝣䜱䞊䛺䛹䛷ᚓ䜙㼇㻠㻝㻢㼉㻙㻞㻜㻜㻝㻘㻌 ᮾி኱Ꮫฟ∧఍㻘㻌 㻢㻜㻡㼜㼜䠊㻌䜜䛯ᆅ┙䛾 㻿 Ἴ㏿ᗘᵓ㐀䜢୚䛘䛶䠈ᆅ⾲䛷䛾㟈ᗘศᏱబ⨾㱟ኵ䠈㻞㻜㻝㻞䠈᪥ᮏ䛾Ṕྐᆅ㟈ྐᩱ㻌 ᣠ㑇㻌 ஬ᕸ䜢ண 䛩䜛ᢏ⾡䛜㐍ᒎ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈ᮏ◊✲䛾ᡂᯝ䝜ୖ䠈㻢㻞㻡㼜㼜䠊䠄ᮏᩥ䛷䛿 㼁㻡㻭 䛸␎グ䠅㻌㻌㻌- 108 -㻌(a)㻌 ᪥ᮏิᓥ(b) ⛅⏣┴䛚䜘䜃ᒣᙧ┴ᅗ 1. ᩥ໬㇟₲ᆅ㟈䛾ᗈᇦ㟈ᗘศᕸ䠊
Fig. 1.㻌 Seismic intensity distribution㻌 of the Bunka Kisakata Earthquake㻌 in㻌 Japan. (a) Japan Is., (b) Akita and Yamagata.㻌
- 109 -

(a) ⛅⏣┴༡㒊(b) ᒣᙧ┴໭㒊

ᅗ 2. ᩥ໬㇟₲ᆅ㟈䛾ヲ⣽㟈ᗘศᕸ䠊
㻌Fig. 2.㻌 Detailed seismic intensity distribution of the Bunka Kisakata Earthquake. (a) South Akita, (b) North Yamagata.㻌
- 110 -(c) ᒣᙧ┴୰㒊
ᅗ 2. ᩥ໬㇟₲ᆅ㟈䛾ヲ⣽㟈ᗘศᕸ䠊Fig. 2.㻌 Detailed seismic intensity distribution of the Bunka Kisakata Earthquake. (c) Central Yamagata.㻌
㻌- 111 -