Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. A, 33(4), pp. 133–146, December 21, 2007

Deep-sea Galatheidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura)from Tosa Bay and Okinawa Trough, Southern Japan
Masayuki Osawa1 and Masatsune Takeda2,3
1

Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of the Ryukyus,
1 Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903–0213, Japan2
Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 3–23–1,
Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169–0073, Japan
3
Faculty of Modern Life, Teikyo Heisei University, 2289–23 Uruido,
Ichihara, Chiba 290–0193, Japan

Abstract Crustaceans of the family Galatheidae are reported from Tosa Bay and Okinawa
Trough, southern Japan, at depths ranging from 526 m to 3278 m. The material comprises two
species of Munida Leach, 1820, two species of Galacantha A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, and ninespecies of Munidopsis Whiteaves, 1874. Eight of these species are new to the carcinological faunaof Japan: Munida tiresias Macpherson, 1994, Galacantha bellis Henderson, 1885, Munidopsis andamanica MacGilchrist, 1905, M. bairdii (Smith, 1884), M. bispinoculata Baba, 1988, M. centrina
Alcock and Anderson, 1894, M. pilosa Henderson 1885, and M. verrilli Benedict, 1902. Brief
notes on the decapod crustaceans recorded from abyssal depths of Japanese waters are provided.
Key words : Crustacea, Decapoda, Galatheidae, Tosa Bay, Okinawa Trough, new records,
abyssal depths.

Introduction
The research project entitled “Study on DeepSea Fauna and Conservation of Deep-Sea
Ecosystem” has been carried out by the National
Science Museum (now National Museum of Nature and Science), Tokyo, in southern Japan since1993. Investigations during three phases of the
project were conducted in Suruga Bay on the Pacific coast of central Honshu mainland from1993 to 1996, Tosa Bay off Shikoku Island from1997 to 2000, and the sea around the Nansei(Ryukyu) Islands from 2001 to 2004, respectively (Kubodera and Machida, 1997; Saito et al.,
2001; Shinohara et al., 2005). Although Takeda(1997) reported on the decapod crustaceans, including galatheids, from Suruga Bay based on
the material collected during the research, noreports have been made on the deep-water
galatheids from Tosa Bay and the Nansei Islands.
Osawa (2006) described only a single species,
Galathea patae, from the shallow depth of ap-

proximately 80 m in the northern Nansei Islands.
The present paper reports on the Galatheidae
based on the material of the research project andsome additional specimens from Tosa Bay andOkinawa Trough located along the Nansei Islands, southern Japan, at lower bathyal andabyssal depths ranging from 526 m to 3278 m.
The material includes two species of Munida
Leach, 1820, two species of Galacantha A.
Milne-Edwards, 1880, and nine species of Munidopsis Whiteaves, 1874. Eight species are new
to Japan.
The specimens examined are deposited in the
National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo(NSMT) and the Natural History Museum andInstitute, Chiba (CBM). The size of the specimens is indicated by postorbital carapace length(cl), which is measured from the orbital margin(posterior lateral end of the ocular peduncle indorsal view) to the posterior margin of the carapace on the dorsal midline. The general terminol-

134

Masayuki Osawa and Masatsune Takeda

ogy follows that of Baba (2005).
Taxonomy
Family Galatheidae
Munida parvioculata Baba, 1982
(Fig. 1A, B)
Munida parvioculata Baba, 1982: 104, figs. 1, 2b.

Material examined. Tosa Bay: R/V TanseiMaru, KT00-08, st. BT-6 (32°30.6–32°30.6N,
133°56.3–133°55.4E, 1227–1360 m), 26 June
2000, beam trawl, 2 males (cl 10.2, 14.1 mm),
NSMT-Cr 17835.
Remarks. The present specimens agree wellwith the original description of Munida parvioculata in the diagnostic respects including that thelateral margins of the carapace are somewhat
convex with the anterior second lateral spine welldeveloped, and the dactylus of the second pereopod is approximately half as long as the propodus. Some minor morphological differences,which could be treated as intraspecific variations,are found in the present material. The second abdominal segment is armed with four or fivespines on the anterior transverse ridge, but theoriginal description cites as having only two median spines or a tubercular process in addition to
the two spines. The third article of the antennal
peduncle has a minute or small distolateral spinein the present specimens unlike in the type material. Also the smaller specimen examined is notarmed with a distomesial spine on the third antennal article, whereas the spine is present in thelarger specimen examined and the type material.
Distribution. Known only from Japan: Izu Islands and Tosa Bay; 430–1400 m.
Munida tiresias Macpherson, 1994
(Fig. 1C, D)
Munida tiresias Macpherson, 1994: 545, fig. 57.

Material examined. Okinawa Trough: R/V
Tansei-Maru, KT02-03, st. A-2 (25°23.16–25°
22.28N,127°14.29–127°12.97E, 2027–2063 m),
24 April 2002, beam trawl, 2 females (cl 6.1,

6.9 mm), NSMT-Cr 17836.
Remarks. The two specimens examined
agree well with the original description and illustrations of Munida tiresias. In the larger specimen, the first article of the antennal peduncle has
a distomesial spine barely reaching the midlengthof the second article, and the second article lacks
a distomesial spine. In the type material andsmaller specimen examined, the first antennal article possesses a short distomesial spine neverreaching the midlength of the second article anda small but distinct distomesial spine is present
on the second article.
Distribution. Previously known only from
New Caledonia, 1140–2049 m, and presently
from Japan (Okinawa Trough), 2027–2063 m.
The present record greatly extends its distribution to the Northern hemisphere.
Galacantha bellis Henderson, 1885
(Fig. 2A, B)
Galacantha bellis Henderson, 1885: 418; Macpherson,
2007: 9 (synonymy and references), figs. 1–4.

Material examined. Tosa Bay: R/V TanseiMaru, KT00-08, st. BT-9-2 (32°09.3–32°08.9N,
134°03.4–134°06.0E, 2739–3278 m), 26 June
2000, beam trawl, 2 males (cl 13.6, 18.6 mm),
2 females (cl 17.7, 18.1 mm), 1 ovigerous
female (cl 19.4 mm), NSMT-Cr 17837; R/V
Hakuho-Maru, KH02-03, st. TE (32°12.67N,
133°55.64E, 2445 m), 10 September 2002, beam
trawl, 1 ovigerous female (cl 19.0 mm), NSMTCr 17838.
Okinawa Trough: R/V Tansei-Maru, KT02-03,
st. C-4 (25°24.47–25°25.03N, 124°57.58–124°59.41E, 2133–2125 m), 24 April 2002,
beam trawl, 1 male (cl 14.6 mm), NSMT-Cr
17839; st. D-2 (1) (27°02.33–27°02.88N,
126°58.24–126°59.08E, 1557–1540 m), 28
April 2002, beam trawl, 1 ovigerous female (cl18.7 mm), NSMT-Cr 17840.
Coloration. Carapace, abdomen, and pereopods entirely light red.
Remarks. The present material agrees wellwith the recent description of G. bellis provided

Deep-sea Galatheidae from Japan

135

Fig. 1. Dorsal view. A, B, Munida parvioculata Baba, 1982, male (cl 14.1 mm), NSMT-Cr 17835, Tosa Bay; C,D, Munida tiresias Macpherson, 1994, female (cl 6.1 mm), NSMT-Cr 17836, Okinawa Trough.

136

Masayuki Osawa and Masatsune Takeda

Fig. 2. Dorsal view. A, B, Galacantha bellis Henderson, 1885, ovigerous female (cl 18.7 mm), NSMT-Cr
17840, Okinawa Trough; C, D, Galacantha valdiviae Balss, 1913, ovigerous female (cl 15.2 mm), NSMT-Cr
17841, Okinawa Trough.

Deep-sea Galatheidae from Japanby Macpherson (2007) except that the dorsaltransverse groove of the fourth abdominal segment is interrupted medially in some specimens.
Macpherson (2007) mentioned that the groove is
not interrupted in his specimens of G. bellis andthe interruption is characteristic of its close relative G. subrostrata Macpherson, 2007 from thenortheast Atlantic. However, Macpherson (2007)
also suggested that the morphological variations
observed in his specimens of G. bellis require
further study in order to confirm the existence ofa single or several species. The Japanese specimens can be assigned to G. bellis until further
detailed study is made.
Distribution. Madagascar, Bay of Bengal,
Laccadive Sea, Arabian Sea, Sri Lanka, central
Indian Ocean, Makassar Strait (Indonesia),
Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna area, off Valparaiso in Chile, and presently
Japan (Tosa Bay and Okinawa Trough); 1035–
3800 m.
Galacantha valdiviae Balss, 1913
(Fig. 2C, D)
Galacantha valdiviae Balss, 1913; 224; Macpherson,
2007; 29 (synonymy and references), figs. 15, 16.

Material examined. Okinawa Trough: R/V
Tansei-Maru, KT02-03, st. E-2 (26°15.10–26°
13.85N, 125°17.22–125°18.43E, 991–955 m),
26 April 2002, beam trawl, 1 young female (cl7.3 mm), 1 ovigerous female (cl 15.2 mm),
NSMT-Cr 17841.
Remarks. The present specimens agree wellwith the recent diagnosis provided by Macpherson (2007). No distinct differences are found.
Distribution. Off east coast of Somali Republic, Madagascar, Mozambique Channel,
Moluccas, off northwest Sulawesi, Palawan Passage, off Kii Peninsula and Okinawa Trough inJapan, off Central Queensland, and Solomon Islands; 991–1644 m.

137

Munidopsis andamanica MacGilchrist, 1905
(Fig. 3A, B)
Munidopsis Wardeni var. andamanica MacGilchrist,
1905; 245.
Munidopsis andamanica: Baba, 1988: 140, fig. 53; 2005;
284 (synonymy and references); Macpherson, 2007;37.

Material examined. Tosa Bay: R/V KotakaMaru, K98-12, st. K98-12-600 (33°12.1–33°11.8N, 133°44.4–133°45.4E, 654–686 m),
10 December 1998, otter trawl, 1 male (cl 15.0mm), NSMT-Cr 17842; st. K98-12-800 (33°
11.4–33°10.6N, 133°53.8–133°55.3E,744–786m), 11 December 1998, otter trawl, 1 female (cl14.2 mm), NSMT-Cr 17843.
Remarks. The specimens examined agree
well with the original description and an accountprovided by Baba (1988). Munidopsis andamanica is closely allied to M. cylindrops Benedict,1902 from Japan and Mindanao Sea, but distinguished by the corneas of the ocular peduncles
being cylindrical rather than oval.
Distribution. Andaman Sea, west coast of
Sumatra, Indonesia, Philippines, South China
Sea, Taiwan, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia,
Vanuatu and Fiji Islands, and presently Japan(Tosa Bay); 333–1598 m.
Munidopsis antonii (Filhol, 1884)(Fig. 3C, D)
Galathodes antonii Filhol, 1884: 230, fig. 2.
Munidopsis antonii: Baba, 2005: 132, 284 (synonymy andreferences), figs. 52–54; Macpherson, 2007: 38.

Material examined. South of Tosa Bay: R/V
Tansei-Maru, KT00-08, st. BT-9-2 (32°09.3–32°08.9N,
134°03.4–134°06.0E,
2739–
3278 m), 26 June 2000, beam trawl, 1 ovigerous
female (cl 34.4 mm), NSMT-Cr 17844.
Remarks. The taxonomy and morphologicalvariations of this species are fully discussed byBaba (2005). Jones and Macpherson (2007) recently described Munidopsis segonzaci, a close
relative of M. antonii, from off California. Munidopsis segonzaci can be differentiated from M.

138

Masayuki Osawa and Masatsune Takeda

Fig. 3. Dorsal view. A, B, Munidopsis andamanica MacGilchrist, 1905, male (cl 15.0 mm), NSMT-Cr 17842,
Tosa Bay; C, D, Munidopsis antonii (Filhol, 1884), ovigerous female (cl 34.4 mm), NSMT-Cr 17844, Tosa
Bay.

Deep-sea Galatheidae from Japan

antonii, which is widely distributed in the world
oceans, by the shorter rostrum and the eyespine
strongly concave on the mesial margin (straightor slightly concave in M. antonii).
Distribution. Atlantic Ocean—From northwestern Atlantic and Bay of Biscay to off South
Africa, southeastern Atlantic; Pacific Ocean—
Eastern Pacific from off Oregon to Juan Fernandez, Bering Sea, Japan (Izu Islands and Tosa
Bay), off Zamboanga, Tasman Sea; Indian
Ocean—Southwestern Australia, Mozambique,and off Sri Lanka; 366–458 m and 2516–4460 m.
Munidopsis bairdii (Smith, 1884)(Fig. 4A, B)
Galacantha bairdii Smith, 1884: 356.
Munidopsis bairdii: Baba, 2005: 285 (references);
Macpherson and Segonzac, 2005: 17, fig. 4; Macpherson, 2007: 43 (synonymy).

139

Material examined. Okinawa Trough: R/V
Tansei-Maru, KT02-03, st. C-4 (25°24.47–
25°25.03N, 124°57.58–124°59.41E, 2133–
2125 m), 24 April 2002, beam trawl, 2 males (cl17.1, 19.6 mm), 1 female (cl 17.0 mm), NSMTCr 17845; st. D-2 (2) (26°30.63N, 127°04.16E,
1900–1920 m), 17 April 2002, beam trawl, 1 female (cl 23.6 mm), CBM-ZC 7643.
Remarks. The present specimens show a certain variation in the arrangement of the submedian spines and number of the posterior marginal
spines on the carapace, as found in the material
reported by Macpherson and Segonzac (2005)
and Macpherson (2007). The arrangement of thesubmedian spines varies in the three specimens
as follows: 2-0-2-0-2-1, 2-1-2-2-2-1, 2-2-3-0-3-1,
and 2-1-2-0-2-2. Those spines are situated in theepigastric, protogastric, mesogastric, anterior cardiac (just behind the cervical groove), posteriorFig. 4. Dorsal view. Munidopsis bairdii (Smith, 1884), male (cl 19.6 mm) (A), female (cl 17.0 mm) (B), NSMTCr 17845, Okinawa Trough.

140

Masayuki Osawa and Masatsune Takeda

cardiac, and intestinal regions, respectively. The
specimens examined also have two to five spines(two or three median spines, or two median andtwo or three lateral spines) on the posterior marginal ridge of the carapace.
The specimens examined agree well with thediagnosis of M. bairdii noted by Macpherson and
Segonzac (2005) in every respect including thecarapace armed with four distinct spines on eachlateral margin and the eyespine directed straightforward.
Distribution. Atlantic Ocean—Off Delaware
Bay, off New England, Middle Atlantic Bight,
from off British Isles to Bay of Biscay, west ofCape Point in South Africa; Eastern Pacific—
Gulf of Panama, Ecuador, Baja California, off
Oregon; Indian Ocean—Sri Lanka; 1986–
4260 m. The present specimens represent the firstrecord in the western Pacific (Okinawa Trough,Japan).

Material examined. South of Tosa Bay: R/V
Tansei-Maru, KT00-08, st. BT-9-2 (32°09.3–32°08.9 N, 134°03.4–134°06.0E, 2739–3278m), 26 June 2000, beam trawl, 1 male (cl 19.1mm), NSMT-Cr 17847.
Remarks. The specimen examined generally
agrees with the diagnosis recently provided byBaba (2005). The distolateral spine of the first article of the antennal peduncle barely reaches the
distal margin of the second article. The second
pereopod terminates at the tip of the first pereopod. These intraspecific variations are noted in
the small “Galathea” specimen by Baba (2005).
Distribution. Madagascar, Mozambique Channel, Reunion Island, Bay of Bengal, Tasman Sea,
New Caledonia, and presently Japan (Tosa Bay);
2300–3485 m.

Munidopsis bispinoculata Baba, 1988

Munidopsis pilosa Henderson, 1885

Munidopsis bispinoculata Baba, 1988: 142, fig. 54; 2005:
137, 285; Baba and Poore, 2002: 232, fig. 1; Macpherson, 2007: 44, fig. 55D.

Munidopsis pilosa Henderson, 1885: 415; Baba, 2005:
293 (references); Macpherson, 2007: 93.

Material examined. Tosa Bay: R/V KotakaMaru, K00-08, st. K00-08-800 (32°59.9–
33°00.3N, 133°37.4–133°37.9E, 820–840 m),
23 August 2000, otter trawl, 1 male (cl 8.5 mm),
1 female (cl 12.5 mm), NSMT-Cr 17846.
Remarks. As Baba and Poore (2002) andBaba (2005) noted for their specimens from thesoutheastern Australia and Mindanao Sea, thepresent material also has numerous, weak transverse ridges on the carapace and two or four,
comparatively small spines on the anterior margin of the third thoracic sternite.
Distribution. Madagascar, Philippines, Indonesia, New South Wales, Solomon Islands,
Vanuatu, Fiji, and presently Japan (Tosa Bay);
443–2363 m.
Munidopsis centrina Alcock and Anderson,
1894(Fig. 5A, B)

Munidopsis centrina Alcock and Anderson, 1894: 170;
Baba, 2005: 139, 286 (synonymy and references), fig.
57; Macpherson, 2007: 49.

Material examined. Tosa Bay: R/V KotakaMaru, K00-08, st. K00-08-800 (32°59.99–33°
00.3N, 133°37.4–133°37.9E, 820–840 m), 23
August 2000, otter trawl, 1 male (cl 9.3 mm),
NSMT-Cr 17848.
Remarks. The diagnosis and detailed illustrations of this species are provided by Baba (1988)
on the basis of the “Albatross” material. There
are no clear differences in the present specimen.
Distribution. Madagascar, Andaman Sea, Indonesia, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu,
Tonga Islands, and presently Japan (Tosa Bay);
732–1640 m.
Munidopsis subchelata Balss, 1913
(Fig. 5C, D)
Munidopsis subchelata Balss, 1913: 222; Baba, 2005: 296(synonymy and references); Macpherson, 2007: 110.

Material examined. Okinawa Trough: R/V
Tansei-Maru, KT02-03, st. E-2 (26°15.10–Deep-sea Galatheidae from Japan141

Fig. 5. Dorsal view. A, B, Munidopsis centrina Alcock and Anderson, 1894, male (cl 19.1 mm), NSMT-Cr
17847, Tosa Bay; C, D, Munidopsis subchelata Balss, 1913, male (cl 21.6 mm), NSMT-Cr 17849, Okinawa
Trough.

142

Masayuki Osawa and Masatsune Takeda

26°13.85N, 125°17.22–125°18.43E, 991–955m), 26 April 2002, beam trawl, 1 male (cl21.6 mm), NSMT-Cr 17849.
Remarks. Baba and Williams (1998: 154)
mentioned that Munidopsis plana Baba, 1986,
appears to be a junior synonym of the Balss’
species. The present specimen obtained from the
Okinawa Trough, the type locality of M. plana,agrees well with the type material of this species
as well as M. subchelata in the diagnostic respects.
Distribution. West of Sumatra, Makassar
Strait, Okinawa Trough in Japan, and Solomon
Islands, at depths of 560–1080 m.

12.65N, 124°54.27–124°55.47E, 991–955 m),
26 April 2002, beam trawl, 1 female (cl20.3 mm), NSMT-Cr 17851.
Remarks. The sole specimen examined
agrees well with the diagnosis recently provided
by Baba (2005). The fixed finger of the first pereopod lacks a denticulate carina on the distolateral
margin. The propodus of the second pereopod isunarmed on the dorsal surface.
Distribution. Eastern Pacific–Off Oregon,
San Nicolas Island, Santa Cruz Basin, from Monterey Bay to off Cerros Island, and off San Diego;
Western Pacific—Makassar Strait, Tasmania, andpresently Japan (Okinawa Trough); 732–4169 m.

Munidopsis trifida Henderson, 1885

Abyssal galatheids and other decapod
crustaceans from Japanese waters(Fig. 6A, B)
Munidopsis trifida Henderson, 1885: 415; Baba, 2005:
193, 298 (synonymy and references); Macpherson, 2007:
115.

Material examined. Tosa Bay: R/V KotakaMaru, K99-03, st. K99-03-500 (33°12.5–
33°11.7N, 133°41.9–133°41.4E, 526–539 m),
3 March 1999, otter trawl, 2 males (cl 17.3, 17.6mm), NSMT-Cr 17850.
Remarks. The specimens examined have thebody and pereopods covered with fine setae andthe palm of the first pereopod unarmed on themesial margin. These characters agree with theobservations of the western Pacific material byBaba (1969, 2005) and Macpherson (2007).
Distribution. Madagascar, Laccadive Sea,
southern Arabian coast, Gulf of Aden, Bay of
Bengal, Indonesia, South and East China Seas,
Okinawa Trough, Suruga Bay, Sagami Bay,
Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Straits ofMagellan, and south of Chile; 280–1270 m.
Munidopsis verrilli Benedict, 1902
(Fig. 6C, D)
Munidopsis verrilli Benedict, 1902: 291, fig. 34; Baba,
2005: 194, 298 (references).

Material examined. Okinawa Trough: R/V
Tansei-Maru, KT02-03, st. E-1 (26°11.34–26°

Only two galatheid species, Munidopsis antonii and M. subsquamosa Henderson, 1885,
have been recorded from Japanese waters at
abyssal depths of over 3000 m (Baba, 1982,
2005). The present material contains two species,
Galacantha bellis and M. centrina, as additions
to Japanese abyssal galatheid fauna.
Osawa et al. (2006) reported four Munidopsis
species, M. panamae Baba, 2005, M. profunda
Baba, 2005, M. tafrii Osawa, Lin and Chan,
2006, and M. teretis Baba, 2005, from depths of3564–4455 m off Taiwan, which is adjacent toJapanese waters. Examination of the material
newly obtained during the recent research cruises
around Taiwan has revealed the presence of several additional Munidopsis species from abyssal
depths (Osawa et al., in press). Among the four
species recorded from Japanese abyssal depths,
only M. centrina is found in the Taiwanese material. The other three species have been known
from the eastern and western Pacific and evenfrom Indian Ocean or Atlantic Ocean (Baba,
2005; Macpherson, 2007). Thus the apparent differences between the faunas of Japan and Taiwan
may simply reflect the differences of sampling
effort or technical difficulties in collecting particular species.
Besides these galatheids, only seven decapod

Deep-sea Galatheidae from Japan143

Fig. 6. Dorsal view. A, B, Munidopsis trifida Henderson, 1885, male (cl 17.6 mm), NSMT-Cr 17850, Tosa Bay;C, D, Munidopsis verrilli Benedict, 1902, 1 female (cl 20.3 mm), NSMT-Cr 17851, Okinawa Trough.

144

Masayuki Osawa and Masatsune Takeda

crustaceans are known from the abyssal zone ofJapanese waters. The dorippid crab, Ethusina
challengeri (Miers, 1886), was originally recorded from off the Pacific coast of central Japan at
the depth of 3429 m and recently reported fromthe Northwest Pacific Basin and Indian Ocean(Castro, 2005). Kim et al. (2000) recorded threepenaeoid shrimps, Hemipenaeus spinidorsalis
Bate, 1881, Plesiopenaeus armatus (Bate, 1881),
and Benthesicymus crenatus Bate, 1881, and two
caridean shrimps, Sclerocrangon zenkevitchi Birshtein and Vinogradov, 1953 and Neocrangon
abyssorum (Rathbun, 1902), as benthic inhabitants from depths of 3100–6350 m. Two of thethree penaeoids, H. spinidorsalis and P. armatus,
are known from the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic
Oceans, whereas the record of B. crenatus is restricted in the Pacific Ocean. The two species of
the Crangonidae are known with much narrower
distributions. Sclerocrangon zenkevitchi and N.
abyssorum have been recorded from the Northwest Pacific and Bering Sea, and from the northern North Pacific from southern California to the
Pacific coast of Hokkaido, respectively. Asakura
et al. (2004) reported a hermit crab of the Parapaguridae, Tylaspis anomala Henderson, 1885,
from off southern Japan at depths of 3444–4464
m. This unusual species has been also recorded
from some scattered localities in the Pacific
Ocean (Lemaitre, 1998).
The published reports and information on the
deep-sea decapod crustacean fauna of Japanesewaters are still limited and incomplete, especiallyon those of the lower bathyal and abyssal zones.
Further research and study may well reveal theexistence of more species new to the Japanesefauna and of new species.
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to the research project members of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, and the staff and crew of R/V Kotaka-Maru of the National Research Institute ofFisheries Science, and of R/Vs Tansei-Maru andHakuho-Maru of the Japan Agency for Marine-

Earth Science and Technology (formerly belonging to the Ocean Research Institute, University ofTokyo), for their efforts in sampling on board.
Dr. Tin-Yam Chan of the National Taiwan Ocean
University kindly allowed the first author to examine rich galatheid material collected during
recent deep-sea expeditions off Taiwan. Our
knowledge on the deep-sea species in the northwestern Pacific is increasing thanks to his invaluable help and efforts. The manuscript benefited
from the review by Dr. Colin L. McLay of theCanterbury University.
References
Alcock, A. and A. R. S. Anderson, 1894. Natural history
notes from H. M. Indian marine survey steamer “Investigator,” commander C. F. Oldham, R. N., commanding.
Series II, no. 14. An account of a recent collection ofdeep sea Crustacea from the Bay of Bengal and Laccadive Sea. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (IINatural Sciences), 63: 141–185, pl. 9.
Asakura, A., S. Ohta and H. Watabe, 2004. Recent topics
on taxonomy of hermit crabs from Japanese waters—
Family Parapaguridae. Aquabiology, 155: 583–588. (InJapanese, with English abstract)Baba, K., 1969. Chirostylids and galatheids from dredgings and trawlings operated in the East China Sea by
the Japanese Fisheries Research Vessel “Kaiyo Maru”
in 1967. OHMU, 2: 41–57.
Baba, K., 1982. Deep-sea galatheidean Crustacea (Decapoda, Anomura) taken by the R/V Soyo-Maru inJapanese waters. II. Galatheidae. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A, 8: 103–118, pls.
1, 2.
Baba, K., 1986. Reptantia Macrura, Anomura andBrachyura. Pp. 148–231, 279–316. In: K. Baba, K.
Hayashi, and M. Toriyama (eds.), Decapod Crustaceans from Continental Shelf and Slope around
Japan. Intensive Research of Unexploited Fishery Resources on Continental Slopes. 336 pp. Japan Fisheries
Resource Conservation Association, Tokyo.
Baba, K., 1988. Chirostylid and galatheid crustaceans(Decapoda: Anomura) of the “Albatross” Philippine
Expedition. Researches on Crustacea, Special No. 2:i–v, 1–203.
Baba, K., 2005. Deep-sea chirostylid and galatheid crustaceans (Decapoda: Anomura) from the Indo-Pacific,
with a list of species. Galathea Report, 20: 1–317.
Baba, K. and G. C. B. Poore, 2002. Munidopsis (Decapoda, Anomura) from south-eastern Australia. Crus-Deep-sea Galatheidae from Japantaceana, 75: 231–252.
Baba, K. and A. B. Williams, 1998. New Galatheoidea(Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura) from hydrothermal
systems in the West Pacific Ocean: Bismarck Archipelago and Okinawa Trough. Zoosystema, 20: 143–156.
Balss, H., 1913. Neue Galatheiden aus der Ausbeute derdeutschen Tiefsee-Expedition ‘Valdivia.’ Zoologischer
Anzeiger, 41: 221–226.
Bate, C. S., 1881. On the Penaeidea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 8: 169–196.
Benedict, J. E., 1902. Descriptions of a new genus andforty-six new species of crustaceans of the family
Galatheidae, with a list of the known marine species.
Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 26:
243–334.
Birshtein, Y. A. and L. G. Vinogradov, 1953. New data on
the decapod crustacean fauna in the Bering Sea. Zoologicheskiy Zhunal, 32: 215–228. [In Russian]Castro, P., 2005. Crabs of the subfamily Ethusinae
Guinot, 1977 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippidae) of the Indo-West Pacific region. Zoosystema, 27:
499–600.
Filhol, H., 1884. Explorations sous-marines. Voyage duTalisman. La Nature, Paris, 12: 119–122, 134–138,
147–151, 161–164, 182–186, 198–202, 230–234, 278–
282, 326–330, 391–394.
Henderson, J. R., 1885. Diagnoses of the new species ofGalatheidea collected during the “Challenger” Expedition. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5,
16: 407–421.
Jones, W. J. and E. Macpherson, 2007. Molecular phylogeny of the East Pacific squat lobsters of the genus
Munidopsis (Decapoda: Galatheidae) with the descriptions of seven new species. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 27: 477–501.
Kim, J. N., K. Hayashi, Y. Natsukari and K. Yoshida,2000. Abyssobenthic shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda,
Penaeidea and Caridea) from the northwest Pacific collected by RV Soyo-Maru. Biogeography, 2: 3–20.
Kubodera, T. and M. Machida, 1997. An outline of“Study on Deep-Sea Fauna and Preservation of DeepSea Ecosystem” conducted by the National Science
Museum, Tokyo. National Science Museum Monographs, (12): 1–9.
Leach, W. E., 1820. Galateadees. Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles, Paris, 18: 48–56.
Lemaitre, R., 1998. Revisiting Tylaspis anomala Henderson, 1885 (Parapaguridae), with comments on its relationships and evolution. Zoosystema, 20: 289–305.
MacGilchrist, A. C., 1905. Natural history notes from theR. I. M. S. “Investigator,” Capt. T. H. Heming, R. N.
(retired), commanding.—Series III, No. 6. An accountof the new and some of the rarer decapod Crustacea obtained during the surveying seasons 1901–1904. Annals

145

and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 15:
233–268.
Macpherson, E., 1994. Crustacea Decapoda: Studies on
the genus Munida Leach, 1820 (Galatheidae) in New
Caledonian and adjacent waters with descriptions of 56
new species. In: A. Crosnier (ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, Volume 12. Mémoires duMuséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, 161:
421–569.
Macpherson, E., 2007. Species of the genus Munidopsis
Whiteaves, 1784 from the Indian and Pacific Oceans
and reestablishment of the genus Galacantha A. MilneEdwards, 1880 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Galatheidae).
Zootaxa, 1417: 1–135.
Macpherson, E. and M. Segonzac, 2005. Species of thegenus Munidopsis (Crustacea, Decapoda, Galatheidae)
from the deep Atlantic Ocean, including cold-seep andhydrothermal vent areas. Zootaxa, 1095: 1–60.
Miers, E. J., 1886. Report on the Brachyura collected by
H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–76. In: Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S.
Challenger During the Years 1873–76 Under the Command of Captain George S. Nares, R.N., F.R.S. and theLate Captain Frank Tourle Thompson, R.N., Zoology,
17 (49): I–L, 1–362, pls 1–29.
Milne-Edwards, A., 1880. Reports on the results of dredging under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the
Gulf of Mexico and in the Caribbean Sea, etc. VIII.
Etudes preliminaries sur les Crustacés. Bulletin of theMuseum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College,
in Cambridge, 8: 1–68, pls. 1, 2.
Osawa, M., 2006. A new species of Galathea Fabricius,1793 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Galatheidae)
from Japan. Zoosystema, 28: 435–441.
Osawa, M., C.-W. Lin and T.-Y. Chan, 2006. Munidopsis(Decapoda: Anomura: Galatheidae) from the abyssal
depths of Taiwan, with description of one new species.
Journal of Crustacean Biology, 26: 420–428.
Osawa, M., C.-W. Lin and T.-Y. Chan, in press. Species ofGalacantha and Munidopsis (Crustacea: Decapoda:
Anomura: Galatheidae) from the deep-waters off Taiwan, with the description of two new species. Scientia
Marina.
Rathbun, M. J., 1902. Description of new decapod crustaceans from the west coast of North America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 24:
885–905.
Saito, H., T. Fujita, H. Sakaji and M. Takeda, 2001. An
outline of “Research on Deep-Sea Fauna and Pollutantsin Tosa Bay, 1997–2000”. National Science Museum
Monographs, (20): 1–9.
Shinohara, G., K. Hasegawa, A. Go, K. Nakaguchi, H.
Horikawa and M. Takeda, 2005. An outline of “Research on Deep-Sea Fauna and Pollutants in Nansei Is-

146

Masayuki Osawa and Masatsune Takeda

lands, 2001–2004”. National Science Museum Monographs, (29): 1–15.
Smith, S. I., 1884. Report on the decapod Crustacea of theAlbatross dredgings off the east coast of the UnitedStates in 1883. Reports of the U. S. Commission on
Fish and Fisheries, 10: 345–426, pls. 1–10.

Takeda, M., 1997. Deep-sea decapod crustacean fauna of
Suruga Bay, central Japan. National Science Museum
Monographs, (12): 229–255, pls. 1–5.
Whiteaves, J. F., 1874. On recent deep-sea dredging operations in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. American Journal of
Science, Series 3, 7: 210–219.