100% Renewable and Carbon Neutral Smart Energy Systems:
The Danish Target of a 70% decrease in CO2 emission by 2030
Professor Henrik Lund
Aalborg Universitet

Henrik Lund, Aalborg University, Denmark

Jutland/Denmark:• Approx. 50% wind power• High share of the world’s offshore power• 30-50% of electricity supplied by CHP• >50% District Heating• > 10% Biogas in the natural gas supply

Renewable Energy Systems

A Smart Energy Systems Approach to the
Choice and Modeling of 100% Renewable Solutions

2. Edition in 2014
New Chapter on

1. Edition in 2010

Smart EnergySystems andInfrastructures

The long-term Objective of Danish Energy Policy

Prime minister 16 November 2008:”We will free Denmark totally fromfossil fuels like oil, coal and gas”

Expressed by former Prime
Minister Anders Fogh
Rasmussen in his opening
speech to the Parliament in2006 and in several politicalagreements since then:

To convert to 100%
Renewable Energy

Prime minister 16 November 2008:”… position Denmark in the heartof green growth”

2019 New Government and agreement:

70% reductions inGreenhouse gases by 2030
Climate Law and Action plan:
1. Energy savings in among others public buildings
2. National Strategy for Sustainable buildings
3. Strategy for electrification of transport, industry and society in general
4. More funds for green research and demonstration projects
5. Assessment of Danish and North Sea countries mutual expansion of offshore wind
6. Investigation of energy island of 10 GW wind before 2030
7. Support afforestation (new forest)
8. Climate adoption via coordination of coastal protection

100% Renewable Energy 2050…… but how…???!!

IDAs Energy plan 2030 og IDAs
Energy Vision 2050

Energi System Analyse ModelElectricity
storagesystemImport/
Exportfixed andvariable

www.EnergyPLAN.eu
Hydro water

Hydrostorage

Hydro
power plant

RES
electricity

Coolingdevice

PP

Fuel

Heat
pump andelectricboiler

CHP

Boiler

CoolingdemandHeatdemandHeatstorage

RES heat
H2 storage

Electricity
demandElectrolyser
Transport
demandCars

Industry

ProcessheatdemandA Holistic Smart Energy Systems ApproachSmart Energy Systems:
Hourly modelling of all smart
grids to identify synergies!
… and influence of different
types of energy storage..!

Smart Energy Systems

www.energyplan.eu/smartenergysystems/

IDAs Climate Response:
Looks Beyond 2030
Denmark should fulfill its objective of a 70 percent CO2reduction in 2030 in a way, so it fits well into a fulldecarbonization by 2045
Therefore:• We should prioritize technologies before 2030 which paves theway for the next steps beyond 2030.
• On our way towards 2030 we should begin the innovation of
those technologies we will need after 2030 even if they cannot
play a bit role before 2030.

IDAs Climate Response: In a European context
Denmark should fulfill its objective of renewable energy and CO2reductions in a way, so it fits well into a context in which the rest ofEurope - and the world - will do the same.
Therefore:• Denmark should include the Danish share of international aviation andshipping even though it is not included yet in the UN way of calculating
the Danish CO2 emissions.
• Denmark should not exceed our share of sustainable use of biomass inthe world.
• Denmark should make our contribution in terms of flexibility and reserve
capacity to integrate wind and solar into the European electricity supply.

20202030

CO2 emssions (Mt/year)(UN accounting)CO2 emissions in
the UN accounting…

40
3530
25

Natural Gas

2015

Oil

10

Coal

50
Denmark 2020

CO2 emssions (Mt/year)(Cradle-to-gate in a 100 year time horizon)
40

2030 IDA Climate
Response

CO2 emissions (Mt/year)
including international shipping and aviation
40

35

Imported woodchips

3530

Woodchips

3025

Straw

2520Waste

2015Biogas

15

Natural Gas

10

Oil

5

Coal

10

Natural Gas

5

Oil0
Denmark 2020

2030 IDA Climate
Response

2030 IDA Climate
Response prioritizedCoalInternational aviation
International shipping

0Denmark 2020

2030 IDA Climate
Response

2030 IDA Climate
Response prioritizedSector integration
The IDA Climate Response focus on synergies and flexibility as aresult of sector integration including the following investments inenergy conversion and storage capacity:• Largescale thermal storage capacity of 112 GWH• Utilization of existing Natural Gas Storage capacity of 40 GWh• Additional electrolysis capacity equivalent to a 50% utilization• Use of seasonal over capacity on heat pumps and large-scale
electric boiler equivalent to 700 MW• Intelligent charging of Electric Vehicle Batteries of 14 GWh• Flexible intelligent eldemand equivalent to approx. 2.5 TWh/yearBiomass
IDAs Climate Response reduces biomass consumptions from29 to 26 GJ/capita.
IDAs Climate Response focus on:• Denmark to reduce the use of biomass• Denmark to use sustainable biomass with low CO2 emissions• Denmark to prepare for a long term target of not exceeding theDanish share of sustainable biomass use in the World.

Renewable Energy in 2030
IDAs Climate Response need the following Renewable Energy:• Solar thermal in district heating of 6-7 PJ.
• Solar thermal in individual houses of 8-9 PJ.
• 500 MW geothermal heat for district heating of 13-14 PJ.
• Photo Voltaic on large building roofs expand from bow1.000 MW to 5.000 MW i2030.
• Onshore wind power expand from approx. 4.200 MW at least 4.800 i 2030.
• Offshore wind power expands from approx. 2.000 MW to 6.630 i 2030.
• Wave power contributes with 132 MW (with wind power as an alternative)Smart Energy Europe

www.EnergyPLAN.eu/SmartEnergyEuropeÃReport OnlineÃPaper Publishedwww.henriklund.eu

www.4DH.dkMore information:
https://www.energyplan.eu/book2/
www.energyplan.eu/SmartEnergyEurope

https://ida.dk/om-ida/temaer/klimasvar

www.EnergyPLAN.eu
www.energyplan.eu/smartenergysystems/