Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus. , Tokyo, Ser. B, 25(3), pp. 95- 105, September22, 1999

Taxonomic Studies of Cirsium (Asteraceae) in Japan VI.
Two New Species, Cirsium hidakamontanum and Cirsium zawoense
from Northern Japan
Yuichi Kadota
Department of Botany, National Science Museum,
Amakubo 4- l- l , Tsukuba, 305- 0005 Japan

Abstract Two new species of Cirsium , C. hidakamontanum Kadota and C. zawoense Kadota are described here . Cirsium hidakamontanum described from the Hidaka Mountain Range, Hokkaido, is discriminated from C. kamtschaticum by havingl) bloody reddi sh black heads, 2) ribbed achenes, 3) 5-seriate involucra! phyllaries,4) simple, serrulate, sessile, broadly ovate to broadly elliptic or ovate cauline leaves
with a uriculate bases . Cirsium zawoense described from Mt. Zawosan, northern
Ho nshu , is distinguished from C. norikurense by having I) g lutinous involucres (thepresence of g landular bodies on the midribs of inner and middle involucra! phyllaries) and 2) cauline leaves glabrous on the abaxia l side, and from C. nipponicum var.
nipponicum by having 3) the small number of capitula, 4) the presence of glandular
bodies on th e midribs of inner and middle involucra! phyllaries and 5) patent outer
involucra! phyllaries .
Key words: Cirsium hidakamontanum sp. nov. , Hidaka Mountains, Cirsium
zawoense sp. nov., Mt. Zawosan, Japan

As part of a systematic study on the genus Cirsium of Japan (Kadota, 19891998) I have conducted extensive field works throughout Japan. Here I will describe
two new species of Cirsium, C. hidakamontanum from the Hidaka Mountain Range,
Hokkaido, and C. zawoense from Mts. Zawosan, the Owu Range, northern Honshu.
1. Cirsiu m hidakamontanum Kadota, sp . nov. [Sect. Onotrophe (Cass.) DC. subsect. Borealicola Kitam.][Figs. 1, A- 8 , 2]Cirsium amplexifolium auct. non Kitam.: Ko . !to in J. Jpn . Bot. 71(5): 300 (1996).
Haec species ab Cirsio kamtschatico capitu lis atrosanguineis, acheni is porcatis,
phyllariis involucrorum 5-seriatis et foliis caulinum late ovatis vel late ellipticis vel
ovatis simplicibus serrulatis plerumque sessilibus valde auriculatis differt.
TYPE: HOKKAIDO; Tokachi-shicho, Kasai-gun , Nakasatsunai -mura, theHidaka Mountain Range, Mt. Kamui -Ekuuchikaushi, the Hachi-no-sawa Cirque alt.
1500 m, 6 September 1998, S. Umezawa 9800 I (TNS 672568-holotype; Fig. 2).
Japanese name : Hidaka-azami (nov.).

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Yuichi Kadota

A perennial herb, 1- 2 m tall. Rootstock well developed, stout, horizontal , up to
5 cm in diameter, with cord-like roots. Stem suberect, 1- 2 times to well branched in
the upper part, covered with brownish multicellular hairs and scarcely arachnoid in
the upper half. Basal leaves withering at anthesis. Middle cauline leaves deep green
above, somewhat fleshy, broadly ovate to broadly elliptic or ovate, simple, serrulate,
10- 29 cm long, 6- 17.5 cm wide, provided with weak spines ea. 1 mm long along
margin, glabrous on the adaxial side, pubescent with brownish multicellular hairs andsparingly arachnoid on the abaxial side, sessile or petiolate (in some cases of lower
cauline leaves) , strongly auriculate. Flowers in June to August. Capitula nodding, 2- 3
in a loose raceme; peduncles 1- 11 cm long, densely covered with brownish multicellular hairs and/or arachnoid; subtending leaf solitary or absent, linear, 5- 10 mm long,provided with weak spines less than 1 mm long. lnvolucres campanulate, purplish red
to purplish green, not glutinous, 15- 20 mm long, 20- 25 mm (in vivo) and 20- 35 mm(in sicco) in diameter, glabrous. Phyllaries 5-seriate, herbaceous, terminated withweak spines ea. 1 mm long; glandular bodies absent; inner ones narrowly ovate, ea.
2 cm long, ascending to patent; outer ones narrowly ovate with acuminate tips, ea.
1 cm long, reflexed. Corollae bloody reddish black, 15- 16 mm long; lobes ea. 4mm
long; throats 6- 7 mm long; tubes 5- 6 mm long, shorter than the throats. Anthers
bluish black. Achenes brown, ea. 4 mm long, prominently ribbed ; pappi sordid,
13- 14 mm long.
Chromosome number: 2n=2x=34 (Fig. 3).
Specimens examined: HOKKAIDO; Tokachi-shicho, Kasai-gun, Nakasatsunaimura , the Hidaka Mountain Range, Mt. Kamui- Ekuuchikaushi , Hachi-no-sawa alt.
950 m, 6 September 1998, S. Umezawa 98008 (TNS); Obihiro-shi , Valley EsaomanTattabetsu, 7 July 1993, S. Umezawa s.n. (TNS). Hidaka-shicho, Saru-gun, Hidakacho, Mt. Penke-Nushi , Valley Panke-Nushi, Roku-no-sawa alt. 1480 m, 3 October
1998, S. Umezawa 98010 (TNS).
Cirsium hidakamontanum is distinguished from C. kamtschaticum by having
bloody reddish black flowers, ribbed achenes, 5-seriate involucra! phyllaries, simple,
serrulate, broadly ovate to broadly elliptic or ovate leaves with strong ly auriculatebases and the chromosonie number (2n=34 vs. 2n=68; e.g., Nishikawa 1982, 1988).
Cirsium kamtschaticum has frequently simple cauline leaves, however, their bases aredeccurent and not auriculate. The strongly auriculate bases of cauline leaves are characteristic of C. hidakamontanum. For this reason !to ( 1996) considered this plant as

Fig. I . Habit of Cirsium hidakamontanum and C. zawoense. A & B: C. hidakamontanum. A.
Habit (Hokkaido, the Hidaka Range , Mt. Kamui-Ekuuchikaushi, the Hachi-no-sawa Cirquealt. 1550 m , 17 August 1991. by Mr. S. Umezawa). B. Capitula (the Hidak a Range , Mt. Pisenai
a lt. 450 m, 30 July 1993, by Mr. S. Umezawa). C & D: C. zawoense. C. Habit. D. Capitula (CD: Honshu, Yamagata Pref., Mt. Zawosan, near the Katakai-numa Pond 1310 m , 26 September

1998)Description of Two New Cirsium Species

97

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Yuichi Kadota

Fig. 2. Holotype of Cirsium hidakamontanum Kadota (Hokkaido, the Hidak a Range, Mt. KamuiEk uuchikau shi , Hachi-no-sawa C irque a it. 1500 m, 6 September 1998. S. Umezawa 9800 I.
TNS 672568). Bottom right. A cap itulum of the isotype spec im en.

Desc ription of Two New Cirsium Species

99

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Fig. 3. Somatic chromosomes 2n =3 4 of Cirsium hidakamontanum (voucher: S. Umezawa
9800 I, holotype).

Fig. 4. Comparison between Cirisium hidakamontanum and C. kamtschaticum in seed coat surface under SEM microscopy. Left. C. hidakamontanum (U mezawa 9800 I, Hokkaido, the Hidaka Range, Mt. Kamui-Ekuuchikaushi , holotype, TNS 672568). Right. C. kamtsch(l(icum(Koyama & Fukuoka 3138, Hokk ai do, Prov. Hidaka, Shi zunai-gun , at the vic inity of Petekarisa nso 400 m, 25 July 1970, TNS 271851 ).

lOO

Yuichi Kadota"C. amplexifolium Kitam." which is also characterized by having amplexicaul and auriculate leaf bases. However, true C. amplexifolium has erect capitula and the chromosome number of 2n=68 and has no relation to C. hidakamontanum (cf., Kadota
1995, 1998b).
Figure 4 shows the deference between C. hidakamontanum and C. kamtschaticum in seed coat surface. In C. hidakamontanum several ridges (usually sevenor sometimes more) are recognized while in C. kamtschaticum the surface is almost
smooth although very shallow furrows are found.
Cirsium hidakamontanum is an endemic of the northern part of the Hidaka
Mountain Range, Hokkaido, northern Japan (Fig. 5, disk). Habitat of this species extends from stands along streamside in the basal area to alpine meadows. Cirsium
kamtschaticum was also collected around the middle of the gorge Hachi-no-sawa of
the Valley Satsunaigawa (Umezawa 98002, Hachi-no-sawa alt. I 000 m, TNS 672569),
the type locality of C. hidakamontanum, however, any intermediate forms between
them were never collected there.
2. Cirsium zawoense Kadota, sp. nov. [Sect. Onotrophe (Cass.) DC. subsect. Nip[Figs. I, C- D, 6]
ponocirsium Kitam . ser. A !pi cola Kitam.]Cirsium alpicola auct. non Nakai: Yuhki, New Fl. Yamagata 277 (1992), sub C.
inundatum Makino subsp. alpicola (Nakai) Kitam.
Haec species ab Cirsio norikurenso involucris plus minusve glutinosis,
glandibus phyllariorum interiorum et mediorum anguste lanceolatis, foliis subter
glabris differt; ab C. nipponico var. nipponico involucrorum capitulis paucis, involucris 6-seriatis, glandibus phyllariorum interiorum et mediorum anguste lanceolatis,
phyllariis exterioribus patentibus differt.
TYPE : HONSHU; Yamagata Pref., Yamagata-shi , the Owu Mountain Range ,Mts. Zawosan, in the vicinity of the Katakai-numa Pond, along Fagus crenata summer-green forests, alt. 1310 m, 26 September 1998, Y. Kadota 985142 (TNS 67897 5holotype; Fig. 6).
Japanese name: Zawo-azami (nov.).
A perennial herb, 1- 1.5 m tall. Rootstock well developed, stout, horizontal, up
to I 0 cm in diameter, with thick cord-like roots. Stem suberect, 2- 5 times branched in
the upper part, sparingly covered with brownish multicellular hairs and arachnoid in
the upper half. Basal leaves withering at anthesis. Middle cauline leaves deep green
above, subcoriaceous, elliptic to narrowly elliptic in outline, 17- 29 cm long, 8- 11 cm
wide, medially pinnatilobate with 4-6-jugate, if pinnatilobate) to coarsely serrate,
provided with sharp spines 2- 5 mm long, almost glabrous but sparingly covered withbrownish multicellular hairs along veins on both sides, acuminate, cuneate at base,sessile, slightly auriculate and not decurrent. Flowers in August to September. Capitula nodding, 2---4 in a loose raceme; peduncles 1- 6 cm long or sometimes sessile,densely arachnoid; subtending leaves 2- 3, linear and leafy, apparently longer than theDescription of Two New Cirsium Species

NORTHERN
JAPAN
Fig. 5.

Distribution of Cirsium hidakamontanum (di sk) and C. zawoense (star).

101

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Yuichi Kadota

Fig. 6. Holotype of Cirsium zawoense Kadota (Honshu, Yamagata Pref. , Yamagata-shi , the Owu
Mountain Range , Mts. Zawosan, in the vicinity of the Katakai-numa Pond, along Fagus crenafa summer-green forests , alt. 1310m, 26 September 1998, Y. Kadota 985142 (TNS 678975) .
Bottom right. A capitulum of the holotype specimen.

103

Description of Two New Cirsium Species• ..••••• •••Fig. 7.

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Somatic chromosomes 2 =68 of Cirsium zawoense (voucher: S. Kato 970 I, TNS 6513 70).

heads , provided with sharp spines 1- 3 mm long. Involucres campanulate, purplish to
purplish black, glutinous, 16- 18 mm long, ea. I cm (in vivo) and 20- 35 mm (insicco) in diameter, sparingly arachnoid. Phyllaries 6-seriate, terminated with sharp
spines ea. 2 mm long; glandular bodies narrowly lanceolate to linear, situated on the
midribs of inner and middle phyllaries; inner ones broadly linear, ea. 18 mm long,membranous, adpressed; outer ones broadly ovate with acuminate tips, ea. 15 mm
long, subcoriaceous, patent. Corollae violet, 18- 20 mm long; lobes ea. 5 mm long;
throats 5- 6 mm long; tubes 7- 9 mm long, clearly longer than the throats. Anthers
pale violet. Achenes yellowish brown, 4-4.5 mm long, smooth on the surface; pappi
sordid, 13- 17 mm long.
Chromosome number: 2n=4x=68 (Fig. 7).
Specimens examined: HONSHU; Yamagata Pref., Yamagata-shi, the Owu
Mountain Range, Mts. Zawosan, in the vicinity of the Katakai-numa Pond, alt.
1360m, 26 Sept. 1997, S. Kato 9701 - 9702 (TNS); the Katakai-numa Pond, 9 Sept.
1998, S. Kato 98001 - 98003 (TNS); the Katakai -numa Pond, a1t. 1310 m, 26 Sept.
1998, Y. Kadota 985139- 985149 (TNS). Miyagi Pref., Katta-gun, Zawo-cho, Mt.
Sugigamine, on northeastern slope, alt. ea. 1680 m, 3 Oct. 1998, Y. Yuzawa 2179721798 (TNS).

104

Yuichi Kadota

Cirsium zawoense grows along margin of summer-green fore sts which were
dominated by Fagus crenata and were composed of Acer spp., Betula , Hy drangea,
Co1ylus, Weigela, Viburnum etc. in the upper part of the montane zone.
Cirsium zawoense is exclusively restricted to the upper part of Mts. Zawosan,
northern Honshu (Fig. 5, star). According to Kato (pers. comm.) C. zawoense wasformerly found around the location of 1500 m in elevation on the Yamagata side of
Mt. Kattadake, Mts. Zawosan, however, any plants of this thithle have never been collected there so far.
Acknowledgment
I wish to give my sincere thanks to Mr. S. Umezawa for his guidance and help of
the field collection in the Hidaka Mountain Range, and for taking beautiful photographs of Cirsium hidakamontanum in the fields and to Messrs. S. Kato, S. Takahashi , S. Domon and Y. Yuzawa for the collections and a lot of valuable information
on Cirsium zawoense in Mts. Zawosan; to Mr. S. Yokoyama, Fukui University, and to
Dr. G. Kokubugata, Tsukuba Botanical Garden, National Science Museum, forcounting chromosome numbers of both two Cirsium species. Field works in Hokkaido were financially supported by a Grant-in-Aid from the Monbusho Scientific Research Programs No. 09440258 (representative: Dr. H. Katakura, Hokkaido University). Field examinations made in the Tohoku District were financially supported by aGrant-in-Aid from the Fujiwara Natural History Foundation .

References!to, Ko. 1996. New localities ofHokkaido plants (4). J Jpn. Bot. , 71 (5): 300-301.
Kadota , Y. 1989. Genus Cirsium . In M. Ono et al. (eds.), Makino's New Illustrated Flora of Japan , pp.
799- 807. Hokuryukan, Tokyo (in Japanese).
Kadota, Y. 1990. Taxonomy and distribution of Cirsium brevicau/e A. Gray and its re lated species(Asteraceae). Mem. Na tn. Sci. Mus. , Tokyo, (23 ): 5 1- 61.
Kadota, Y. 199 1. Taxonomic studi es of Cirsium (Asteraceae) of Japan l. Alpine species of ce ntral Honshu- the Cirsiumfauriei group. Bull. Na tn. Sci. Mus. , Tol.yo, Ser. B, 17(3 ): 123- 139.
Kadota, Y. 1993 . Lectotypification of six spec ies and a new spec ies of Japanese Cirsium (Asteraceae).
Bull. Na tn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, Ser. B, 19(2): 45- 57.
Kadota, Y. 1995 a. Genus Cirsium (Asteraceae). In T. Yamazak i et al. (eds.), Flora of Japan new Englished., 2nd ed. lllb: 119- 151 . Maruzen, Tokyo.
Kadota, Y. 1995 b. Taxonomic studies of Cirsium (Asteraceae) of Japan ll. Three new species and a newvariety of Cirsium nipponicum (Maxim.) Makino from central Honshu. Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus.,
Tokyo, Ser. B, 20(1): 13- 27.
Kadota, Y. 1996. Cirsium abukumense- a new species of Cirsium (Asteraceae) from the Abukuma
Mountains, northeastern Japan. Mem. Na tn. Sci. Mus .. Tokyo, (29) : 93- 98.
Kadota, Y. 1997. Taxonomic studies of Cirsium (Asteraceae) of Japan Ill. Cirsium occidentalinipponense, sp. nov. with special reference to the lectotypification of Cirsium borealinipponense Kitam.
Bull. Natn. Sci. M us., Tokyo, Ser. B, 23(3 ): 11 5- 125.

Description of Two New Cirsium Species

105

Kadota, Y. 1998 a. Taxonomic studies of Cirsium (Asteraceae) of Japan IV Notes on Cirsium /u cens
Kitam. from southwestern Japan. Mem. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, (30): 65-7 1.
Kadota, Y. 1998 b. Taxonomic studies of Cirsium (Asteraceae) of Japan V Cirsium umezawanum, a new
species from Island Rishiri, Hokkaido and a new white-flowered form of Cirsium amplexifolium
Kitam. Bull. Natn . Sci. Mus. , Tokyo , Ser. 8 , 24(4): 147- 156.
Nishikawa, T. 1982. Chromosome counts of flowering plants of Hokkaido (6). Rep. Taisetsuzan Inst.
Sci. , (15): 9- 16.
Nishikawa, T. 1988. Chromosome counts of flowering plants of Hokkaido ( 11 ). J Hokkaido Univ., Educ.
Sect., liB 38: 33-40.
Yuhki, Y. 1992. New Flora ofYamagata. pp. 487. Member of Flora Yamagata, Yamagata (in Japanese) .

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