５７

EnvironmentaIEducationinJapan:ＴｈｅＲｏｌｅｏｆＴｈｅＪａｐａｎｅｓｅＳｏｃｉｅｔｙｏｆＥnvironmentaIEducationinLinkingTheoriesand
Practices

KimikoKozawa

PresidenlofTIleJHlpancseFederati(〕nofEnvironmenl&llEducation
ProfcssorofToky()GakugeiUniversity
ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴ

ThisstudyexamineslhetreIld（)felwironmenlaleducationinJapａｎｔｈａｌｔｈ&ｌｓＩｅａｄ【otheEIwironmelltalEducationPromoti(〕ｎＡｃｔｏｆ２００３、Then・theprobIemsresuItinNfr()、Ihethcories

andpracticesofenvir()nmcntaleducali()ninJapanarecIarifieCLAlsoexaminedistlledirccti(〕nality

which【heJapaIleseSocietyofEnvironmen(alEdu低ationpromole＆EnviroIlmentaIEducatiollaI1d
EducaIionlbrSu部ain&lbleDeveIopmenLandｔｈｅｆｒａｍｅｔｈ&】ｔｔｉｅ５ｔｏｂ()tｈlheoryaIldpractice．

Kevwords:EIwironmel】taIEducHltionPr(DmotionAcLeducati(〕ｌｌａｎｄｓｔｕｄｙｍｏｄｅｌ・promotion
C

indic5ltor,colltlborKltion＆ｃ()opelP【ltion､ｄｉｖｅ庵ily・approach

NewBeginning(DfEnvir()nmentalEducntioninJap孔、EnvironmcntaleducationinJapiln.whicl〕Ilasstarledfromeduc&ltiIMme()pleaboulpoⅡution・b81s

changedgrcatIywitll1hec()IlIentandthemelbodinb()thscho(〕IeducationKlndsociaIeducation

wllichreHectsaIuintcmzllionaIlrend，ltispossibIel〔)considerliveterI】】siI1searchinRfbrlhetrend

ofenvironmenlaleducati()ninJapan．

FrqDmlIlel950･slolhebeginning()fthel970，ｓＮａｔｕｒｅｃ(〕nservati()nactivitynndtheproIeclioI1m()vementwerecarriedoutbythelocHIlp(Dpulace

invari()usplacesinllle1950.5.andthereaIiliesofinduslrialpolluIionandIhedcstructionofnature
wereclarined･TheEnvironmenIAgencywaｓ急ｅｔｕＩ〕､ａｎｄｔｈｅＮ&ltioluwidcEIemenmryandJunior
HilghSchoolSociety（)ｆＡｎ[i-I〕()IIulionMeasuresstarledPollutioneducali(Dnandnaturecducation

wcreindMduaIIyd〔)I】eineachrelgion．

Ｆｒ《D、lheMtterhaIfofthel970,ｓｌＤｔｌｌｅｆｉｒｓｔｈａＩｆ⑪fthel980・slnternali()nalapproachespr()ｐｏｓｅｄｉｎｃｏｎｌｃｒｅｎｃｅｓｓｕｃｈａｓＩｈｅＩｎｔernati()nalWorksh()ｐ（)ｎＥＪｗｉｒ()nmeIl【alEduc【ltioIlinl975and（heTbilisilnter閣()vernlnenmlCon血renceonEnvironmentKlI

Educ狐ioninl977werehardIysll&lredinJilpall･ａｎｄｌＩｌｅｙｃａｍｅｔ()bepaidattenti〔)Ilinjapanonly
aflerl990、Ｉｎｌ９７５ｔｈｅＮａ(ionwideElemenlaryandJuniorHighSch〔DoISocie[yofAntfpollution
McasurcscI】anRediIsnKlmctotIlcNati()nwidcEIcmcIltaryalIdJulliorIliRIlScbooISociety（)fEIwironmenlalEducation、Ｔｈｅｅｌｗｉｒ〔)IlmcI】laIeducationsocicty部arledallthcuniversitylcveIin
l977．Thi＆ｗａｓａｔｉｍｅｗｈｅｎｐｏⅡutiolIeduca(ion、natureeducalion、aIIdenvironmentaIeducali〔)I】
be関ant()ｃ〔)(〕perale・ａｎｄｌｈｅｃ()ncel)ｔｏ[ｃducaliollexlcndedfrompolluti()ntoenvironme､1．
FromlhelnttcrhaIfoflllel980･ｓｌｌＤｔｈｅｆｌｒｓｔｈｉｌＩｆＤｆｌｈｅｌ990,ｓ

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5８

EducationPancl．．Bettercnvironmentbuillby&'１１．．ｗａｓｓｅｔｕｐｂｙｔｈｅＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔＡｇｅＩ】cyilll91B8．

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November’1993．ａｎｄ図EIwironmcm8md5tudyconcerningprotectionoftbeenvironmentwasprovidedh)ｒｂｙＡｒｔｉｃｌｅ２５．Ｏ、ｔｈｅ()lberhand,theJapane§eSocietyofEnvironmentaIEducati(Ｄｎｗａｓｓｅｔｕｐｉｎｌ９９０､ａｎｄｉｔｗａｓｔｈｅｂａ訓ｃ（)I･lKanizationollhec()operati()nofleacIlers､NGOmembers

andrcsearchers、ThcMinistry()fEducationissued･GuidanceMHlteriaIlOrEnvir(〕nmentnIEducation(Ibrjuniorhigbsch()olandbiHhschool)．il1I99L（TI】eelcmenlaryHcho()lvcrsionwasissuedinl992.）
ItproposedtbetarRet()fenvironmentaIeducalionandthec()ncre(ｅａｂｉｌｉｔｙａｎｄｌｈｅａｔｔｉｔｕｄｅｔｏｗａ､1t(）raiselIlcsl【lndards（)felwironmentRlIcducation．Ｉ山ｌ１ｓｏｓｈｏｗｅｄｔｈｅｃ()nceptofenvironmental
educalionKls5lcrosscurricuIartIlemean(lasproutelementoftheconcept〔)fsustainabilily，II1additi〔)n．based（)ｎｌｈｅ“SurvciⅡancesludvontheenhancement〔)fenviroIlInenlaIeducation（(）ｔｈｅchild￣（1991-931￣JuniorEc()Club、beRilnilll995wherebothchildrenandadultsIearnabouttheeIwiroJumelutinlhEirregion･ａｎｄ、(〕wabouI8qO(〕Ochildrenareparlicip8htin閂intI1isactivity．
FrqDmtheIHI1terhaIfofthe1990.slo2000

TheCentralEnvironmentC()unciIproposed禦FutureeIwironmentaIeducationandenvironmental
sIudies:towardasustainablesociety薄ｉｎＤｅｃｅｍｂｅｒｌ９９９ａｎｄ“Ｂ【lsicEnvir()nmentPlim-Guidepostlt)rtheEnvironmentaICentury鹿ｉｎ2000.whichideIltifiedenvironmenlaleducationasoneoflＩ１ｅｌＩｓ(ratelgicenvir()nmentaIp()liciesandmadecIenrlhedirecli(〕、図towflrdasustHlinabIesociety.“

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COc(LearIlerssenseofvaluesandattitudefnceHociHlIparlicipation.）

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sprinlgb()ardt〔)thenextstepsofDccpenunderstandinR(researchrand"(hinkingandjudRment(lhink)園andcontinueto￣pracIicinRandparlicipation（changeal1dshift).￣Theprocesswilh
lCedbacklll(DvesHpirally、ThalliscaIle〔１．acIionresearch・byRogerHart(R()ｇｅｒＡ､IIart）Learners
c【lndeveI(〕ptheirprob1em-s()IvingskiIlbyexperience-basededucalionwitllactivitiessuchas
researchquestioninH,thinkdeeply､talk･bringideas､Create・explain,⑪rtakeaction、Ａｂ()IisticapproachqohnP・Ｍｉｌｌｅｒ)andreHectivethinkin円(JohnFien)isIackinRinthestudymodeIoflhecnvironmenlaIeducationinJapan・Inthenppr〔)ach,鐸thelearnersseemliketheyarc
taIkinlgwiththestudyprobIemmutuaⅡyandlheyconstructtheirconst5lntperceptionintheprocess
oflearninR.“Sincetheproblemoftbeenvironn】entisintheinterdcpendencerelationamon円theenvironmelut・economy、andsociely・ｉｔｉｓｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｙｔｏｌｈｉｎｋａｂｏｕｌｉｔｗｉｔｈ【minterdisciplinary

appro【lchandliIld()utallernativesolu(i()ns．
Ｉｎｃ(〕ncreteterms・itwiIlbeneces5aryto【ldopｔｌｂｅｆＯⅡowin脛appr(xlchesfbreducationfor

sustainabledevcIopment：１）interdiscipIinaryapproaches､２）systemslIlinking､３）participatio肝typeapproRlchesthalplaccemphH鴉iｓ（DnilcIiveilwolven1entandpracticaIity,４）ｐｒ(DbI(Dm-s()Ivin鷹-typcapproacheslhatplaceemphasisonacriticaIandmultila(elFaIapproach5)HlpproKlcbesba葛ｅｄ(〕、theperspectivesofmuIticulturalsymbiosis’６)inlegriltedapproachestIMltemphasize園ilwoIvement.、and￣

associaUoT（hoIisticapproaches).７)appro【lchesbascdonlinkmgesandcolIaborationilmongdiverses()Cialsectors・

EnvironmentalproblemshHweHlrisenIr()mtbemultipIcimpactsinnictedonIheenvir()nmentby
il】(errelatedcomplexfactorslhatarediverscinnature・EnvironmentaIproblemsarecl()selyreIatedt(）culture,history･dwelliI1gs,nndfurthcrmore.［(）politics,econ《〕micsandspiriluKllaspectsofhumaI1
bcin醸．Accordingly・learninIgvenuesshouIdnotbeIimitedonlytoschoolpr()gramswithnatureobservationorresearchactivitiesHlb()utcomnlunityre＆ources，Leamingactivitieswiththeaspectof
IifelonReducationwhichchiIdrencanparlicipilleinandchangetheirsurroundinlKenvironmen（t()Retherwithcommunitymembers・AlsotDpicsinenviroI1men(aleducation時ucbaswater・air・ecosystem・soiLn)odenerRy,etc,shouIdbe．.tiedup函bytIleaspectofproteClin円園IiIG“

ＡｓＭｒ・RogerHartsays，￣Thebestwaytosocialdcvelopmcntiｓｔｏｌｉ)stercitizenswhoareaware
andullderstandenvir()nmenm1managemeluLandpHlrticipateincreatingdem()craticcommunity..,e1wironmenlaIIiteracyasCitizen，swisdomisfO&leredbybotbchiIdrenand&ldullsp[lrticil)atin照andlearnin円intheprocessofcooperation

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Reftrences

EnvironmentaIAgeIucy（1999）￣FutureEnvironmentaIEducationanｄＬｅｉｌｒｎｉＩ１ｇｆ(〕rSustainableSociety..（injupancse）

JohnFien(TranslatedinJapanesebySat()ｋｏｌｓｈｉｋａｗａｅｌａｌ)(2001）￣KankyouIl()tamenoKy()uiku￣Toushinndou(OriIFinal:JohnFieJl(1993）￣EducalionlbrtlleElwir()､ment環）
JohnＰ・ＭｉⅡｅｒ(TraIlslatedinJapaI1escbyAtsLIhik(）Ｙ〔Mihid5uetil1）（1999）￣HolisticKy(Duikuron

戸Shunju-sha

ＥＮｖＩＲＯ｣ｖＭＥＭｒＡＬＥＤＬﾉＣﾉｌＴＩＯｊｖｖｏＬ・ｌａＮＯＬ３

E､伽nmemalFiIu(xMIbmM1piⅡrTHGRDlGofT1ieﾉilPiTneseSOdblyofEiMwlmen【alEUllfalibnjnLmkingThMiGsandFiHc【雌５６１I（“uhir(）Nitta（2003）￣Ｅ【wir()111】】cntz1IEduczlti(ＤｎｆｂｒＣＩ･catinHSuslain2lbleS(》仁iety..．Ｂ巴台sa【副UKaihatsukyouiku(inJap8ulesc）

Ministry《】ftheEIwironment(2000)”EnviroilmentnlStudies麺（inj8lpanese）
Roger八.Ｈart(TranslatedbylsilmuKinoshita,II5lruhikoTanaka,ｉｍｄＨｉＨＤＩＵｍｉＭｉｎａｍｉ,Translaled
illJapn[ｌｅｓｅｂｙｌＰＡＪｎＩ)&lnsecli｡】1)(2000)鍔ＫＯ｡〔)monoSHl】1】1k:lku..HoubuZ1shHl(OrigiIMlI:RolFerA．
IIarl(1997）℃hiIdren､sPflr【icip8ltioTEnr【hscal1inass〔)ciationwilhUNICEF）

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