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ϤωώʖγϩʀϖϩηʀΩώϪρζ͹ͪΌ͹ऀճࢂՅͶ‫ͤؖ‬Ζύϱχϔρέ

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ϤωώʖγϩʀϖϩηʀΩώϪρζʤ8+&ʥͳͺɼͤ΄ͱ͹ਕ͗‫ࡃܨ‬ద͵ࠖೋΝ൒͑͞ͳ͵͚ɼචགྷ͵ฯ݊γʖϑηΝण͜ΔΗΖ͞ͳͲͤ>@ɽͨ͢ͱ͞͹ଜ͏໪ඬΝୣ੔ͤΖͶ͍ͪΕɼన઀͵ฯ݊γʖϑηΝ಩͜Ζฯ݊εητϞ͹‫ک‬Կ͗‫ٽ‬ΌΔΗͱ͏Ήͤɽ͞͹  ೧ؔɼήϫʖώϩͶɼΉ֦ͪࠅϪϗϩͲɼ8+& ͹खΕૌΊͺฯ݊ࡔ੕ͳҫྏγʖϑη͹఑‫ڛ‬Ͷྙ͗஭͗Ηͱ͘Ήͪ͢ɽ͞ΗΔͺ෈ՆܿͲͺ͍Ζ΍͹͹ɼ8+& րַ͹੔൳ͺ༑Ηͪ౹࣑ର੏͹༙ໃͶΓͮͱ΍ࠪӊ͠ΗΉͤɽͪ͗ͮ͢ͱɼήϫʖώϩϖϩη͹‫ंܐؖ‬ͺɼ8+& ͹ԾɼਕʓɼαϝϣωτΡɼࢤ຿ऀճ͗कରదͶ‫ؖ‬ΚΖฯ݊εητϞΝߑ஛
ͤΖͪΌͶɼ֦ࠅ͗ฯ݊Ͷ‫ͤؖ‬Ζ౹࣑ର੏͹‫ک‬ԿͶ஭໪ͤΖ͞ͳɼฑߨ͢ͱฯ݊εητϞͶ‫ܐؖ‬͹͍Ζଠ͹෾໼Ν‫ࠒ͘ת‬ΞͲ͏͚͞ͳͶࣁ‫ݱ‬Ν౦೘ͤΖ͞ͳ͗͏͖Ͷ॑གྷ͖Ν೟ࣟͤΖචགྷ͍͗ΖͲ͢Β͑ɽ౹࣑ର੏Ν‫ک‬ԿͤΖ৏Ͳ‫ۅ‬Όͱ॑གྷͲࠖೋ͵͹ͺɼਕʓ͹੢Ν੕ࡨΏқࢧ݀ఈͶର‫ܧ‬దͶखΕ೘ΗΖ͞ͳͲͤɽࣰࡏɼ৿‫ܗ‬αϫψΤ΢ϩη‫״‬ઝ঳ʤ&29,'ʥ͹ΉΞԈ͗ௗӀ͚͵͖ɼͨ͹ଲԢ͹੔ޯ͹ΩάΝѴΖ΍͹ͳ͢ͱɼ੕ැΏޮద‫ؖؽ‬ͶଲͤΖ৶བ৤੔͹ౖୈ>̐@ͳ͵ΖऀճࢂՅ͹චགྷ੓͗րΌͱ஭໪͠Ηͱ͘Ήͪ͢>̑ɼ̒@ɽ৶བͳͺɼ੕ැͳਕʓ͹ؔ͹ଲ࿫͗͞ΗΉͲҐ৏Ͷ͖ͮ͢Εͳఈ‫غ‬దͶɼ੏ౕԿ͠Ηͪ࿰ૌΊ͹ԾͲߨΚΗɼਕʓ͗੕ැͺࣙ෾ͪͬ͹‫ࣆৼؖ‬ͶࣘΝܑ͜ɼࣙ෾ͪͬ͹ࢻ఼Νߡྂ
͢ͱ͚ΗΖͳ‫͘ͳͪͣ״‬ͶүΉΗΖ΍͹Ͳͤ>@ɽਕʓ͗ࢧ͏Νఽ͓ɼͨΗΝण͜ࢯΌͱ΍Δ͑ͪΌͶͺɼΉͥࣙ෾ͪͬ͗੢Νड़ͤྙΝ࣍ͮͱ͏Ζͳ‫ͣ״‬ΔΗΖ‫͗ڧ؂‬චགྷͲ͍Εɼͨ͑ͤΖ͞ͳͲɼਕʓͺࣙ෾ͪͬ͹݊߃Ώਫ਼‫׈‬Ͷଲ͢ͱकରదͶ͵ΕΉͤɽ͞Ηͨ݊͞߃ͶଲͤΖਕ‫ݘ‬Νࣰ‫ͤݳ‬Ζ॑གྷ͵Ҳิͳ͵Ζ͹Ͳͤɽ
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&29,' ͹൅ਫ਼ͶΓΕɼਫ਼‫׈‬͹ࣰସͶԌͮͪଲԢྙ͹͍Ζฯ݊੕ࡨ͹චགྷ੓͗߶ΉΕΉͪ͢ɽͨ͑Ͳ
͵͜Ηͻɼ੕ැ͹ଲࡨͺॱग͠ΗͥɼࣰࢬͺࠖೋͶ͵ΖͲ͢Β͑>̔@ɽऀճࢂՅ͹࢕ૌΊΝߑ஛ͤΖ໪దͺɼΉ͠Ͷ͞͹੕ࡨཱིҌं͹ࢻ఼ͳαϝϣωτΡ͹‫͕ݩܨ‬Γ;ωʖθ͹ͥΗΝດΌΖ͞ͳͶ͍ΕΉͤ>̕@ʗ͞͹ͥΗͺɼ&29,' ओं͹ฯ‫ޤ‬ɼՊ‫΃ܯ‬͹Ӫ‫ڻ‬ɼͨ͢ͱਕʓ͗‫خ‬ຌదͶ࣍ͯࣙ༟ͳ͹ؔͲʹ͹Γ͑ͶώϧϱηΝͳΖ͹͖ऀճద߻қ͗͵͏஦ɼ֨୉͢ͱ͏Ζ͹Ͳͤ>@ɽ͞͹ͥΗΝດΌΖͶͺɼ੕ැ͹઒໵Պॄ஄͹ؔͲࢩഓదͶ͵ͮͱ͏Ζਫ਼෼ҫָదʀٗढ़ద͵ࢻ఼Ν௔͓ɼ݊߃ͶଲͤΖਕʓ͹ࢻ఼ΝखΕ೘ΗΖචགྷ͍͗ΕΉͤ>̗@ɽͯΉΕʰٗढ़దஎ‫ݡ‬ͶΓΖӣ༽ཀྵ࿨ΝαϝϣωτΡ͹Ճ஍؏Ώ‫ؽ‬೵͹࢕๏ͳ௒࿪ͦ͠Ζʱ͞ͳͲ͍Εɼ੕ැ͹ॊཔ͹๏๑Ώ઒໵Պ͹Ϗϧξ΢Ϟͨ͞఺‫͵͘΄ͤ׷‬͹Ͳͤ>@ɽͨ͑͢͵͜ΗͻɼΤ΢ϩη͹෩ͣࠒΌଲࡨͶͯ͏ͱे຿͹ཀྵմ͗ಚΔΗͥɼ‫ٺە‬ଲԢࡨΏ৚ๅ൅৶΍े຿͹ਫ਼‫཯͖͜ͳڧ؂׈‬Ηͪ΍͹Ͷ͵ͮͱ͢Ή͑Ͳ͢Β͑ɽ͞͹ύϱχϔρέͺɼ੕ࡨΝࡠΖਕͳͨ͹ଲেͳ͵Ζਕ͗қࢧ૆௪Νͺ͖ΕɼଲԢྙΝ޴৏ͦ͠Ζ͞ͳ͗݀͢ͱୱ͵Ζ࿓ྙΝགྷͤΖࡠ‫Ͳۂ‬ͺ͵͚ɼࣰ‫ݳ‬Ն೵Ͳɼ͖ͯචགྷͲ͍Ζͳ੕ࡨཱིҌंͶࣖͤ͞ͳΝ໪దͳ͢ͱ͏Ήͤɽ͞͹࣑ྏͺɼऀճࢂՅ͹࢕ૌΊΝߑ஛͢ɼ‫ک‬Կ͢ɼ੏ౕԿͤΖͪΌ͹౦ࣁͲͤɽ͞͹ύϱχϔρέͲͺɼͨ͹࢕ૌΊΝʰࢂՅηϘʖηʱͳ‫ͳ͞΁ݼ‬Ͷ͢Ήͤɽͨ͹ྭΝΉͳΌͪϨηφͺɼઈ໎ͳͳ΍Ͷιέεϥϱ  Ͳ఑‫͢ڛ‬Ήͤɽ
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Ζචགྷ͍͗Ζͳ͢ͱ͏Ήͤɽ>@Ήͪɼ
ʰ8+& ੕࣑ઑ‫ ݶ‬ʱ͗  ͹ࠅ࿊Յ໏ࠅͶΓΕ௒һ͠ΗΉͪ͗͢ɼͨ͹಼͹Ҳ෨ড়ߴͲҲൢࢂՅ‫ܗ‬͹੕ࡨӣӨ͹චགྷ੓͗‫ک‬௒͠Ηͱ͏Ήͤɽྭ͓ͻɼҐԾ͹Γ͑͵಼༲͗‫͠ࡎى‬Ηͱ͏Ήͤɽʰਕʓ͹ࢂժɿɿ
ɿͨ͢ͱͤ΄ͱ͹ཤ֒‫ंܐؖ‬Ν‫ࠒ͘ת‬΋͞ͳͺɼฯ݊εητϞ౹࣑͹॑གྷ͵ߑ੔གྷો͹ҲͯͲ͍Εɼͽ͏ͱͺͨΗ͗ 8+& ‫׈‬ಊΝ௪͢ͱଡ͚͹ਕʓͶ߫‫͚͏ͱ͢ݛ‬΍͹ͳߡ͓Ζʱ
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ཀྵ࿨ͳࣰભΝ౹߻ͪ͢࠹৿͹੔ޯࣆྭΝ఑‫͢ڛ‬Ήͤɽࢴͪͬ͗νʖΰρφͶͤΖಣंͺɼʤʥՅ໏ࠅक
಍͹ૌ৭ͳ͢ͱ͹ :+2 ͹೜ແɼ͕Γ;ʤʥ͞͹ύϱχϔρέ͹֐෨ࣀ໲‫͍Ͳؖؽ‬ΖʰऀճࢂՅͶ‫ؖ‬
ͤΖ઒໵ϋρφϭʖέ ʤ6RFLDO3DUWLFLSDWLRQ7HFKQLFDO1HWZRUNʥʱ͹఑ҌΝߡྂ͢ͱમ୔͢Ήͪ͢ɽͨ͹఑Ҍͳͺɼ੕ࡨཱིҌंΝଲেͶͪ͢ऀճࢂՅ೵ྙ‫ک‬Կ‫׈‬ಊͨ͞ɼऀճࢂՅ͹චགྷ੓Ώཀྵ࿨ͳࣰભ͹ͥ
Η͗ਫ਼ͣΖ৖Ͳ͍ΖͳͤΖ΍͹Ͳͤ>@ɽύϱχϔρέ̒হͲͺɼऀճࢂՅ೵ྙͶͯ͏ͱѽ͏ɼऀճ͹
͍ΔΑΖཱི৖Ώ֌૜͹ਕͪͬΝ༙қ͖ٝͯ੕ࡨͶ‫ؖ‬࿊ͪ͢ଲ࿫΃ͳૌΊ೘Ηͱ͏͚ͪΌ͹ಝพ͵ηΫϩΝࣖͤ͞ͳͲɼ‫خ‬ຌదͶͺҫྏٗढ़͹໚Ͳ‫܉‬࿇Νणͪ͜੕ැ‫ײ‬෨৮ҽ͗௜໚ͤΖ՟ୌΝखΕ৏͝ͱ͏
Ήͤɽ>@͞͹ύϱχϔρέͺɼ੕ࡨཱིҌं͗ࢂՅ‫ܗ‬ϕϫιη͹ࣰ༽੓Ͷͯ͏ͱָ΄ΖΓ͑Ͷ͢ͱ͏Ήͤ͗ɼͨ͹͵͖Ͳɼଡঙཀྵ࿨దͲͺ͍Ζ΍͹͹ɼ௒ࠬΏυʖν෾ੵ͹ͪΌ͹‫خ‬ຌద࿰ૌΊͳ͵Ζ̑ͯ͹क͵๏๑Ͷ঱఼Ν౲ͱͱ͏ΉͤɽΉͥࢤ຿ͶΓΖ௜ંࢂՅ͹ͪΌ͹ϕϧρφϓΧʖϞɼ࣏ͶαωϣωτΡʖϪϗϩͲ͹ࢂժ͹࢕ૌΊɼͨ͢ͱࢤ຿ऀճૌ৭ʤ&62Vʥͳ͹‫׈‬ಊͲͤɽ͞͹̑ͯ͹๏๑ͺ‫͏ޕ‬Ͷ‫ؖ‬࿊੓͍͗Εɼࣆࣰɼ͖͵Ε॑෵͢ͱ͏Ήͤɽਕʓ͹ༀׄͺ͍Ζझླྀಊద͖ͯଡֱద͵΍͹Ͳͤɽྭ͓ͻ΢ϱχͲͺɼࠅՊ೸ଞฯ݊‫ܯ‬ժʤ%R[ ࢂলʥ͹क࣢ʰαϝϣωτΡԿʱ͹͵͖Ͳޮ೟ऀճฯ݊‫׈‬ಊՊʤ$6+$ʥ
ͳ͏͑઒໵৮͗અ஖͠ΗɼαϝϣωτΡͳฯ݊εητϞΝͯ͵͛ༀׄΝՎͪ͢ͱ͏Ήͤɽࢤ຿ऀճૌ৭
͹‫׈‬ಊٌ͗ಕͶ৒ͮͪαϝϣωτΡͲͺɼ$6+$ ͹ਕͪͬ͹ༀׄΝ͠ΔͶ‫ک‬Կ͢ɼαϝϣωτΡ͹੢ΝΓΕ‫ک‬௒ͤΖ͞ͳͲްՎ͗৏͗ΕΉͪ͢ɽ>@͞Ηͺɼਦ  ͲͨΗͩΗ͹๏๑Ͷ॑෵෨෾͍͗Ζ͞ͳΝࣖͪ͢Γ͑ͶɼαϝϣωτΡͳࢤ຿ऀճ‫׈‬ಊ͹࢕ૌΊ͗૮‫ޕ‬ғଚ͹‫ܐؖ‬Ͷ͍Ζͳ͏͑͞ͳΝࣖ͢ͱ͏Ήͤɽਦ̏͹ྣ͹෨෾Ͳͺɼ੕ࡨཱིҌं͗ՁΔ͖͹໪దΏ੕ࡨ՟ୌΝ‫ݡ‬ੀ͓ͪ৏Ͳਕʓͳ‫ؖ‬Κͮͱ͏͑͞ͳͤ
Ζࡏ͹ഐ‫ܢ‬͹໲ୌ͗ࣖ͠Ηͱ͏Ήͤɽ͞͹ύϱχϔρέͺɼ͍Ζྭ֐Νঈ͏ͱकͶࠅՊϪϗϩͲࣰࢬ͠
ΗΖ٠࿨Ώ੕ࡨ݀ఈ͵ʹɼ8+& ͶଲԢͪ͢ฯ݊εητϞΝߑ஛ͤΖࡏ͹੕ࡨཱིҌ͹ഐ‫ܢ‬Ͷ঱఼Ν͍ͱ ঺ভૼ୒崵崫崰嵗嵤崗峙৘ড়঺ভ峘য‫ر‬峮ਸೇব৆ਿୌ৖૙৩峨峉৾୒ੀ‫ط‬ব੠ਃঢ়峘৑峑਴ಉ峕ஷ峴ী岻峳島峉৺  ੡峘嵉嵛崸嵤岵峳峔峵ਗ৖໔ਖ੮৬峑峃ͱ͏Ήͤ ɽࠅ͹ฯ݊ࡔ੕Ώฯ݊੕ࡨཱིҌ͵ʹ͹ 8+& ‫ؖ‬࿊͹٠ୌͶͯ͏ͱ͹੕ࡨ‫ڢ‬٠Ͳͺɼ৙ͶਕʓΏαϝϣωτΡΉͪࢤ຿ऀճ͹੢Νൕӫͤ΄͘Ͳ͍ΕɼΉͪͨ͑Ͳ͵͜Ηͻɼ‫ݡ‬౲ҩ͏ً͗ͪ͘Εʤ͍Ζ͏ͺʥࣰࢬ෈೵ͳ͏͑݃ՎͶ͵Ε͖͸͵͏͹Ͳͤɽ>@͞͹ύϱχϔρέ͗ಝͶ॑ࢻ͢ͱ͏Ζ͹ͺɼਕʓ͹੢Ν௜ંɼΉͪͺαϝϣωτΡΏࢤ຿ऀճૌ৭Ν௪͢ͱฯ݊੕ࡨͶൕӫͦ͠Ζ͞ͳͲͤɽ຿ؔιένʖΏͨ͹ཤӻͳ‫ؖ‬Κͮͱ͏Ζ੕ැ͗࣍ͯಝ༙͹෵ࡸ͵ࣆߴͺखΕѽͮͱ͏ΉͦΞɽͪͫ͢ɼ຿ؔιένʖ͗ಝఈ͹ࢤ຿ऀճૌ৭Νߑ੔͢ͱࢂՅηϘʖηͶ೘Εࠒ΋͞ͳ΍͍ΕಚΉͤɽ͑ͪ͢͞ηϘʖηͶ͕͏ͱಝพ͵ཤ֒‫ܐؖ‬ΏΓΕ‫͵ྙک‬ཤӻ஄ରΝ૮घͶͤ
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 ৳௏崟崡崮嵈ଁ੘峒ਔઓৠ৒ૌங峕঺ভ૞ਸ峼ྚ岲峵ฯ݊εητϞ౹࣑͹෯࣏ద‫ؽ‬೵ͺɼཤ֒‫͖ंܐؖ‬Δ͹੢>@ɼͯΉΕཤ֒‫ंܐؖ‬͹‫ݡ‬մɼ‫ݩܨ‬ɼགྷ๮͵ʹ͗ɼқࢧ݀ఈգఖͶ͕͏ͱ͖ͮ͢Εͳซ͘೘ΗΔΗɼߡྂ͠ΗΖͳ͏͑‫ؽ‬೵Ͷ͍ΕΉͤɽ͞Ηͺऀճ͹༹ʓ͵ॄ஄ಋ͕࢞Γ;қࢧ݀ఈ‫ͳؖؽ‬૮‫ޕ‬Ͷ࿊‫͢ܠ‬ɼқٝ͹͍Ζ੕ࡨΝ఑Ҍ͢ͱ͏͚ࣆ͹॑གྷ੓Νࣖ͢ͱ͏Ήͤɽ͞͹Γ͑͵ިླྀͺ੊ֆ֋൅ๅࠄ  Ͳࣖ͠Ηͪʰ౹࣑͹ࢀֱ‫ܙ‬ʱ>@͹ࠞ‫ײ‬ΝઐΌΖ΍͹Ͳʤਦ  ࢂলʥɼಝͶ੕ࡨཱིҌंɼਕʓɼฯ݊ॊࣆंͳ͏͑̑ं͹ཤ֒‫ॄܐؖ‬஄Ͷ঱఼͗౲ͱΔΗͱ͏Ήͤɽ͞͹ύϱχϔρέͺɼ੕ࡨཱིҌंͳ͹ިླྀͶͯ͏ͱ‫ى‬फ़͢ͱ͏Ήͤ͗ɼಝͶ͞͹ࢀֱ‫ܙ‬͹͑ͬ͹್ंɼਕʓͳ੕ࡨཱིҌंؔ͹ިླྀ͗कགྷ͵෨෾ͳ͵ΕΉͤɽࢀ൬໪͹ฯ݊ॊࣆंͶ‫ͱؖ͢‬ͺɼଠ͹್ͯͳͺҡ͵ΖқັͲɼ॑གྷ͖ͯ‫͵ྙک‬ཤ֒‫ॄܐؖ‬஄͹Ҳͯͳ‫͓ݶ‬ΉͤɽऀճࢂՅ͹࿰ૌΊ͹஦Ͳฯ݊ॊࣆंͳ੕
ࡨཱིҌं͹࿊‫ܠ‬͹ഐ‫ܢ‬Ͷͺɼฯ݊ॊࣆं͗͏͵͜Ηͻฯ݊εητϞͺ‫ؽ‬೵͢͵͏ͳ͏͑‫ࣰ͍͗ݳ‬ΕΉͤɽͨ͞Ͳ੕ࡨཱིҌंͺฯ݊ॊࣆंଈ͹ཤӻΏࢻ఼Ν೟Όଜ॑ͤΖචགྷ͍͗ΕΉͤɽಋ࣎Ͷɼਕʓ͹ฯ݊Ͷ
ଲͤΖ‫ݘ‬ཤ͹༶‫ͱ͢ͳंޤ‬ɼଠ͹ॄ஄͹੢Ώཤӻ΍ॉ෾ߡྂͶ೘Η͵͜Ηͻ͏͜ΉͦΞɽͨ͹ͪΌͶͺɼඏຽ͵ώϧϱη૤ࡠ͗චགྷͲɼಝพ͵ηΫϩͳͨΗͶ‫͑߻ݡ‬੏ౕΝ६ඍͤΖචགྷ͍͗ΕΉͤɽ͞͹ύϱχϔρέͲͺਇਜ਼໚͖Δ͞͹໲ୌͶखΕૌΞͲ͏Ήͤɽਕʓͳฯ݊ॊࣆंͳ͹ިླྀͺɼकͶҫྏγʖϑη͹఑‫࣎ڛ‬Ͷฯ݊εητϞ಼Ͳ൅ਫ਼͢Ήͤɽঙ͵͚ͳ΍ཀྵ࿨৏ͺɼਕʓͺฯ݊ॊࣆंΝમ୔Ͳ͘Ζཱི৖Ͷ͍Εɼࣙ෾͹޹ΊΝ௪͢ͱϜʖίρφϏϭʖΝߨ࢘Ͳ͘Ήͤɽ΍ͬΘΞɼฯ݊ॊࣆं͹મ୔ࢸ͍͗ΉΕໃ͏ॶͲͺɼྙ‫ܐؖ‬ͺฯ݊ॊࣆंଈͶΓΕ༙ཤͶ͵ΕΉͤɽ̓হͲ͠ΔͶ৆͚͢‫ى‬फ़͢ͱ͏Ζͳ͕Εɼฯ݊͹ࢂՅ‫ܗ‬ϕϫιη͹໪దͺଡ‫ز‬ͶోΕΉͤ͗ɼ͞͞ʤιέεϥϱ ʥͲͺɼ੕ࡨ͗‫ͤ·ٶ‬Ӫ‫ͳڻ‬ɼฯ݊੕ࡨ͹қࢧ݀ఈգఖͶ͕͏ͱਕʓ͹੢Νൕӫͦ͠Ζ͞ͳΝ໪దͶ͢ͱ͏Ήͤɽͪ͗ͮ͢ͱɼਕʓͳ੕ࡨ݀ఈं͹ྙ‫ܐؖ‬Ν͑Ή͚௒੖ͪ͢੔ޯࣆྭΝ໎
ࣖͤΖ͞ͳͲɼࢀֱ‫ܙ‬͹್͑ͬंͶࢻ఼Ν߻Κͦͱ͏Ήͤɽฯ݊ॊࣆंͳਕʓͳ͏͑ଈ໚ͺɼਪ௜‫ܗ‬͹ฯ݊ϕϫήϧϞͶ͕͜Ζ‫ं׳‬γ΢χ͹‫کݸݘ‬ԿͶ‫ͤؖ‬Ζ໲ୌͲ͍Ζ͞ͳ͗ଡ͚ɼ͞͹ύϱχϔρέͲͺ໎ࣖదͶͺखΕѽͮͱ͏ΉͦΞɽਦ  ฯ݊εητϞ౹࣑͹ࢀֱ‫ܙ‬੕ࡨ݀ఈं

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͞͹ύϱχϔρέͺɼҲ࣏͕Γ;್࣏దυʖν෾ੵ݃Վ͖Δ෾͖ΖΓ͑ͶɼࢂՅηϘʖη͗ຌ࣯దͶྙ‫ܐؖ‬ͶΓΕ‫ܙ‬੔͠ΗΖͳ͏͑͞ͳΝ઴఑Ͷ͢ͱ͏ΉͤɽࢂՅηϘʖηͺɼऀճ͖Δֶઊ͠Ηͪ‫ؔۯ‬Ͷଚࡑ͢ͱ͏ΖΚ͜Ͳͺ͍ΕΉͦΞɽชԿద͖ͯऀճదͶࢩ
͓ΔΗͱͪ͘֌‫څ‬қࣟΏ‫ع‬੔੐ྙ͹Ӫ‫͗ڻ‬ɼ๮΋๮Ή͵͏Ͷ͖͖ΚΔͥࢂՅηϘʖηͶ࣍ͬࠒΉΗΉͤΉͤɽ͑ͪ͢͞͞ͳͺɼࢂՅ‫ܗ‬ϕϫιη͹໪దୣ੔ͳ͏͑൥ҕ಼Ͳɼ͖ͮ͢Εͳ೟ࣟɼ෾ੵ͢ͱ‫ߩۋ‬ΝฯͯͪΌ͹ଲࡨΝखΔ͵͜Ηͻ͵ΕΉͦΞɽ੕ࡨཱིҌंଈͺɼͨΗͶΓͮͱࣰऀճͲण͜೘ΗΔΗɼࣰ͖ͯࢬՆ೵͵қٝ͹͍Ζ੕ࡨΝࣰ‫ͤݳ‬Ζͳ͏͑໪ඬͶ޴͖ͮͱ୉͚͘ิΊΝ਒ΌΖ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘Ζ͹Ͳͤɽͪ͗ͮ͢ͱɼࢂՅηϘʖηͶ͕͜Ζྙ͹‫ߩۋ‬ଲࡨͺɼ݃ՎదͶͤ΄ͱ͹ࢂՅंͶͳͮͱྒྷ͏݃ՎΝ΍ͪΔͤ΍͹ͳ͵ΕΉͤɽྙ͹෾ੵΏࢂՅͶͳͮͱ͹қັͺ̐হͲ৆͚͢फ़΄ΉͤɽࢂՅηϘʖη͹ӣӨ͹གྷͺɼི௜ͲՃ஍͍Ζ٠࿨Ν๨͝͵͏Γ͑ɼʹ͹Γ͑͵๏๑Ώઅ‫Ͳܯ‬Ն೵͵͖͙Εྙ͹෈‫ߩۋ‬Ν͑Ή੍͚ਜ਼͢ͱ͏͚͖ͳ͏͑͞ͳͶͯ͘ΉͤɽࢂՅηϘʖη͹અ‫ܯ‬৏͹॑གྷ՟ୌ͹Ҳͯɼେනं͹મ୔๏๑ͳͨ͹ਜ਼౲੓Ͷͯ͏ͱͺɼ̑হͲ৆͚͢फ़΄ͱ͏ΉͤɽΉͪࢂՅ‫ܗ‬ϕϫιη͹અ‫ܯ‬ɼӣӨɼ‫׈‬ಊͶචགྷ͵೵ྙͶ‫ͱؖ͢‬ͺ̒হͲफ़΄ͱ͏Ήͤ͗ɼ͞͞Ͳͺɼ੕ැ‫ײ‬෨‫ݺ‬ਕͶགྷ‫͠ٽ‬ΗΖ೵ྙ
෾ੵͫ͜Ͳͺ͵͚ɼਕʓɼαϝϣωτΡɼࢤ຿ऀճ͹೵ྙࣰ֮͗Ͷߑ஛͠Ηγϛʖφ͠ΗΖͪΌͶɼ੕ැ‫ײ‬෨ͶՁ͗Ͳ͘Ζ͹͖ɼͳ͏͑ࣆ΍ߡ͓Ήͤɽ̒হͲͺɼ‫ྙݘ‬͹͍Ζਕͪͬʤ௪৙ɼ੕ැ৮ҽΏྙ͹͍Ζཤӻ஄ରʥͶɼଡ༹͵қ‫ݡ‬Ͷ‫ڑݢ‬ͶࣘΝܑ͜
Ζ͞ͳ͗ௗକͤ͘Ζ੕ࡨ৏͹մ݀ࡨͶͯ͵͗Ζ͞ͳΝɼ‫״ڠ‬Ν΍ͮͱཀྵմ͢ͱ΍Δ͏ͯͯɼ‫ݸݘ‬ΏӪ‫ڻ‬ྙ͗ঘ͠͏ਕͪͬʤ௪৙ɼҲൢ͹ਕΏࢤ຿ऀճʥ͹ྙΝʹ͹Γ͑Ͷ߶Όͱ͏͜Ζ͖Ν஦ৼτʖϜͶ͢ͱ͏Ήͤɽ‫ͳྙݘ‬Ӫ‫ྙڻ‬͹෈‫੍ߩۋ‬ਜ਼ΉͲͶͺࢺΔ͵͚ͳ΍ɼͨ͹ଚࡑΏॄ஄Ͳ͹٠࿨΃͹Ӫ‫ڻ‬Ν೟ΌΖ͞ͳͺɼຌ࣯దͶͤ΄ͱ͹ࢂՅं͗ॊཔͳҩͮͪༀׄΏɼ৖߻ͶΓͮͱͺࢂՅηϘʖη͹֐ΓΕ΍෈չ͵ༀׄΝ୴͑Ն೵੓Νқັ͢ͱ͏Ήͤɽ୻‫غ‬ద͵݃Վͺड़͵͏͖΍͢ΗΉͦΞ͗ௗ͏໪Ͳ‫ݡ‬ΗͻࣰΝ݃΁΍͹Ͳɼͤ΄ͱ͹ਕͪͬͶͳͮͱ͹ָ;͹գఖͲ͍ΕɼΉͪͨ͑Ͳ͵͜Ηͻ͵ΕΉͦΞɽฯ݊εητϞ‫ؖ‬࿊ૌ৭΃͹৶བͳɼ‫͏ޕ‬Ͷ٠࿨͢͵͗Δ༙ް͵մ݀ࡨΝ‫ݡ‬ड़͢ͱ͏͚ชԿΝ৤੔ͤΖ͞ͳ͗ͨ͑ͪ݃͢ՎΝՆ೵Ͷ͢Ήͤɽ>@ࢂՅ‫Ͳܗ‬ಚΔΗͪ݃ՎΝްՎదͶ੕ࡨͶ‫ͯͯ͘͏ͱ͝ܪ‬մ݀ͶࢺΖ๏๑Ͷ‫ͱؖ͢‬ͺɼ̓হͶͱ‫͏ͱ͢ৄݗ‬Ήͤɽ‫ͳྙݘ‬Ӫ‫ྙڻ‬͹෈‫੍ߩۋ‬ਜ਼ͺɼฯ݊Ͷ͕͜ΖࢂՅ‫׈ܗ‬ಊ͹๑ద‫خ‬൭ͳ͵Ζ࿰ૌΊ͹͵͖͹஦ৼదτʖϜͲͤɽ̔হͲͺɼ‫ྙݘ‬͹‫ߩۋ‬ଲࡨқࣟΝ൒ͮͪ࿰ૌΊࡠΕ͗ɼ͏͖Ͷͤ΄ͱ͹ཤ֒‫ंܐؖ‬͹ΓΕ༙қٝ͵‫׈‬ಊͶ॑གྷ͖Ν٠࿨͢Ήͤɽ࠹‫ޛ‬Ͷ̕হͲͺɼௗ‫ؔغ‬ͶΚͪͮͱࢂՅқཋΝң࣍ͤΖͪΌ͹՟ୌΝ࿨ͣɼฯ݊෨໵͹ఈ੶ͳ͢ͱࣰ֮Ͷ੏ౕԿ͢ͱ͏͜ΖΓ͑Ͷ͢Ήͤɽ
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ߨಊ͢ͱ͏͵͏ਕͺɼૌ৭Կ͠Ηͱ͏Ζ͖͏͵͏͖Ͷ‫ؖ‬ΚΔͥɼΉͪΠ΢υϱτΡτΡΏॶ଒Ͷ‫͵ܐؖ‬͚ɼʰਕʓʱͳ͏͑‫ݼ‬সͶ଒ͤΖ΍͹ͳ͢ͱඵ͖Ηͱ͏Ήͤɽฯ݊ιένʖͶ͕͏ͱɼ&62 ͺಝͶฯ݊৏͹՟ୌΝଡ͚์͓ΖਕʓͶๆ࢕͢ɼେනͤΖ͞ͳͶΓͮͱɼࢂՅ͹‫ݬ‬ଉɼਕ‫ݘ‬ɼऀճਜ਼ٝ΃͹৶೨Ν
න໎ͤΖɼ͍ΔΑΖझྪ͹ૌ৭Ώ஄ରΝใ‫͏ͱ͢؜‬Ήͤɽ௕ ‫؟‬ম崷嵛崱崾崫崗峑ઞ৷峁峐岮峵岣঺ভ૞ਸ岤峕ঢ়৴峃峵੉୴‫ق‬໪୛௕‫ك‬ 岽峘嵒崡崰峙౥৸峔峬峘峑峙岬峴峨峅峽岞峲峴੗岹峘৷ୁ峒৒ଝ峙岝岣嵎崳崸嵤崝嵓嵣嵀嵓崡嵣崓崸嵔崫崠峘峉峫峘঺ভ৓૞ਸ峕ঢ়峃峵崷嵛崱崾崫崗岤峘ూବધછ岝岣঺ভ৓૞ਸ峕ঢ়峃峵৷ୁ峘৒ଝ‫੶؟‬஽৓໪ਏ岤峑ৄ峵岽峒岶峑岷峨峃岞Ϛρέη ฯ݊෾໼ͲΓ͚࢘ΚΗΖʰࢂՅʱͶ‫ͤؖ‬Ζ༽‫ޢ‬͞͞Ͳͺɼช‫ݡͲݛ‬ΔΗΖҲൢద͵ࢂՅͶ‫ؖ‬࿊ͤΖ༽‫ޢ‬͹֕གྷΝɼฯ݊ιένʖͲ͹༹ʓ͵࢘༽য়‫ڱ‬ͶলΔ͢ͱઈ໎͢Ήͤɽ໪దͺɼऀճࢂՅͶ‫ؖ‬࿊ͤΖ༽‫ޢ‬͹Ҳൢద͵ఈٝΝࣖͤ͞ͳͲͺ͵͚ɼ΋͢Θɼ͞ΗΔ͹༽‫͗ޢ‬ฯ݊෾໼͹ช‫ʹͲݛ‬͹Γ͑Ͷ࢘༽͠Ηͱ͏Ζ͖Νཀྵմ͢ɼຌύϱχϔρέͲనٕ
ଲԢͲ͘ΖΓ͑ͶͤΖ͞ͳͲͤɽ‫͓׷͏ݶ‬Ηͻɼࢴͪͬͺ੊ֆɼࠅɼஏҮ͹ฯ݊੕ࡨཱིҌंɼฯ݊Ͷ‫ؖ‬ΚΖ఑‫׈ݶ‬ಊΏ੕ࡨཱིҌͶ੷‫ۅ‬ద͵ࢤ຿ऀճ͹ؔͲ࠹΍Ҳൢద͵‫ݶ‬ཁΏ઒໵༽‫ޢ‬Ν࢘͏ͪ͏ͳߡ
͓ͱ͏ΉͤɽΉͪɼಣं͗‫ڠ‬௪͹ཀྵմΝ࣍ͯ͞ͳ΍໪దͳ͢ͱ͏ΉͤɽҐԾ͹ϘʖζͲɼ֦༽‫ޢ‬͹क͵ಝ௅Νઈ໎͢ɼͨ͹ଡ໚੓ͳଡ༹͵࢘͏๏Ν໎Δ͖Ͷ͢Ήͤɽૌ৭͠Ηͪॄ஄Ͷ‫ͤؖ‬Ζ༽‫ޢ‬ࢤ຿ऀճช‫Ͳݛ‬ͺɼࢤ຿ऀճͳ͏͑‫ݶ‬ཁͺ‫ڠ‬௪͹ཤӻɼ໪ඬɼωʖθɼ‫ؽ‬೵Ͷ‫ͱ͏Ͱخ‬࿊‫͏ͱ͢ܠ‬Ζ‫ݺ‬ਕΉͪͺͨ͹ॄ஄͹͞ͳͳ͢ͱ࢘ΚΗͱ͏Ήͤ>@ɽช‫ݛ‬Ͷ‫ݡ‬ΔΗΖΓ͑͵ɼ͞ΗΔ͹໪ඬΏ‫ؽ‬೵͹ใ‫ׇ‬ద͵τʖϜͺɼࢤ຿͹‫ݘ‬ཤ͹ฯ‫ޤ‬ɼࣙ༟͵݃ऀ͹ওྯɼͨ͢ͱ੕ැ͗ࠅ຿͹ωʖθͶԢ͓Ζͳ͏͑ߡ͓๏͵ʹɼकͶ຿ककٝ͹Ճ஍Ώ‫ݬ‬ཀྵ͵ʹ͍͗͝ΔΗΉͤ>@ɽ͞ΗΉͲ‫ͪ͘ͱݡ‬ชॽͲͺɼࢤ຿ऀճͺҲൢదͶՊఋ͹྘Ү͹֐ଈͶҒ஖ͤΖͳఈٝ͠ΗɼՊఋͳࠅՊ
͹ؔ͹ཱࣙద‫͠ٶݶͱ͢ͳؔۯ‬Ηͱ͏Ήͤ>ʛɼɼ@ɽΉͪɼඉӨཤͲࢤ৖͖Δಢཱིͪ͢΍͹ͳ͠Ηͱ͕Εɼ͞͹఼Ͳɼࢤ຿ऀճͺ୊  ιένʖͳ‫ͻݼ‬ΗΖ͞ͳ΍ଡ͚ɼࠅՊͳࢤ৖͹ྈ๏͖Δ઀Ε཯͠ΗͪଚࡑͶ͵ͮͱ͏Ήͤɽ͞͹ࢻ఼͖Δࢤ຿ऀճͺޮ‫྘ڠ‬Ү͕Γ;຿ؔ͹Өཤιένʖ͖Δಢཱི͢ͱ͏Ζ͞ͳΝ‫ک‬௒ͤΖ΍͹Ͷ͵ͮͱ͏Ήͤ>@ɽՅ͓ͱɼช‫Ͳݛ‬ͺҲൢదͶࢤ຿ऀճͳ͏͑‫ݶ‬ཁΝɼඉޮ͖ࣞΔਜ਼ࣞ͵஄ରͶࢺΖΉͲ>ɼ@ɼ ʰૌ৭దʱʰ༙‫ؽ‬దʱ͵ϋρφϭʖέΏήϩʖϕɼ͠ΔͶͺʰࣙ൅దʱ>ɼ@ͳ͏͑‫ݶ‬ཁͳ݃;ͯ͜ͱ͏Ήͤɽ͖͢͢͵͗Δɼࢤ຿ऀճ͹ಝ௅Ώऀճదༀׄͺɼ‫׈‬ಊ͹ഐ‫ܢ‬Ώ‫׈‬ಊ͢ͱ͏ΖࠅՊʀஏҮ͹ࢤ຿ऀճͶଲ
ͤΖҲൢద͵ܑ޴͵ʹɼชຼదགྷҾͶΓͮͱ݀ΉΕΉͤɽࠅՊ͹‫ؽ‬೵ͶԢͣͱɼ੕ැ͹֋൅౔ྙΝึ‫׮‬
ͤΖɼ੕ැ͹ѳ੕Ν‫ʹ͵ͤچ‬ɼࠅՊΝࢩԋͤΖ‫׈‬ಊΝͪ͢Εɼ͍Ζ͏ͺࠅՊ͗ࣨࡨͪ͢৖߻͹άϡρϕ
ΝດΌΖ‫׈‬ಊΝߨͮͪΕͤΖ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘Ήͤ>@ɽΉͪࠅՊͺɼࢤ຿ऀճΝ๑దͶฯ‫͠ޤ‬Ηͪ৶བͲ͘
Ζଚࡑͳ͢ͱѽ͑͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘ΖҲ๏ɼٛ࿯͹໪ͲଲԢͤΖ͞ͳ΍͍ΕΉͤɽΉͪ‫͗ͫ୼ۅ‬સ͚‫Ͳم‬ͺ͵͏ίʖηͳ͢ͱɼ৶བͶ஍͢͵͏‫ڶ‬Ҙͫͳ‫ͳͤ͞͵ݡ‬΍͍ΕΉͤ>@ɽࢤ຿ऀճૌ৭
ࢤ຿ऀճૌ৭ʤ&62ʥͺɼࣰࡏͶࢤ຿ऀճΝେනͤΖଚࡑͲ͍Εɼʰࢤ຿ऀճ͹‫ڋ‬৖ॶͲ͍Εɼ෼ࣆً͗
͘ͱ͏Ζ‫ݳ‬৖ʱͲ͍ΖͳఈٝͲ͘Ήͤ>@ɽช‫ݛ‬Ͷ‫ݡ‬ΔΗΖ &62 ͹ಝ௅ͳ͢ͱͺɼඉࠅՊɼඉӨཤɼࣙ൅దɼ‫ک‬੏͠Η͵͏ɼ࣑ࣙద͵ʹ͍͗ΕΉ
ͤ>@ɽ&62 ͹ใ‫ׇ‬ద͵໪ඬͺɼ຿ककٝ͹‫ݬ‬ଉΝਬ਒ͤΖ͞ͳͲ͍Εɼଡ͚͹৖߻ɼਕ‫ݘ‬Ώऀճਜ਼ٝͶ఼॑Ν஖͏ͱ͏Ήͤ>@ɽช‫ݛ‬৏Ͳͺɼ༹ʓ͵ҡ͵ΖήϩʖϕΏॄ஄͗ &62 ͳන‫͠ى‬Ηͱ͏ͱɼඉ੕ැࠅࡏૌ৭ʤ,1*2ʥ
ɼඉ੕ැૌ৭ʤ1*2ʥɼஏҮΏࠅ͹఑‫ݶ‬஄ରɼγʖϑη఑‫ڛ‬ૌ৭ɼαϝϣωτΡ‫خ‬൭‫ܗ‬ૌ৭ʤ&%2ʥ͵ʹ֚͗౲͢Ήͤɽ஄ରΏૌ৭͹ྭͳ͢ͱͺɼऑं͗क಍ͤΖ࿊߻ରɼ઒໵Պ஄ରɼ৶‫ھ‬Ͷ‫͚Ͱخ‬ήϩʖϕΏγʖϑη఑‫ंڛ‬ɼ઎े຿ήϩʖϕɼ࣌વ஄ରɼ‫ڂݜ‬ʀָढ़‫ؖؽ‬ɼঐ‫ۂ‬ʀ઒໵Պ஄ର͵ʹ͗‫͝ڏ‬ΔΗΉͤ>
@ɽ
6KDQNOLQ Δͺɼ&62 ͗Վͪ͑͢Ζ༹ʓ͵ༀׄͳ͢ͱɼஎࣟ͹૓ड़ɼ༑઎՟ୌͶ‫ͤؖ‬Ζ఑‫ݶ‬ɼޮ‫ڠ‬γʖϑη͹ϠωνϨϱήɼ੕ࡨ΃͹΢ϱϕρφΏΪ΢ξϱηɼࣆ‫ۂ‬͹ࣰࢬɼ੮ओͲࢩԋ͗ೋ͢͏ਕʓ΃͹ࢩԋ͵ʹ͍͗Ζͳफ़΄ͱ͏Ήͤ>@ɽΉͪ &62 ͺ੕ැͶଲ߇ͤΖ͞ͳ΍͍ΕΉͤ͗ɼ͑ͪ͢͞͞ͳͺ໎ࣖదΉͪͺҋࣖద͵੕ැͳ͹‫ܐؖ‬੓ͳ݃;ͯ͏ͱ͏Ζ৖߻΍͍Ηͻɼͨ͑Ͳ͵͏৖߻΍͍ΕΉͤ>@ɽ&62 ͹ༀׄΝઈ໎ͤΖࡏͶΓ͚͍͝ΔΗΖʰઈ໎੻೜ʱͶͯ͏ͱͺɼ&62 ͗े຿ͶଲͤΖ੕ැ͹ઈ໎੻೜Ν໲͑͞ͳΝ໪దΏ໪ඬͶͤΖ৖߻͗ଡ͏ͪΌͲͤɽ
&62 ͗୯Νେන͢ͱ͏Ζ͹͖ɼΉͪ୯͗ࣁۜΝ఑‫͢ڛ‬ɼӪ‫ڻ‬Ν‫ͤ·ٶ‬Ն೵੓͍͗Ζ͹͖Ͷͯ͏ͱ͹٠࿨ͺɼָढ़ֆ͕Γ;ࣰભं͹ؔͲࠕ΍͵͕କ͏ͱ͏Ήͤɽ&62 ͺঙ͵͚ͳ΍ཱࣙదͲ࣑ࣙదͲ͍Ζ΄ͫ͘ͳ͏͑͹͗Ҳൢద͵ཀྵմͲ͍ΖΓ͑ͶࢧΚΗΉͤɽ͖͢͢ɼ͍Ζझ͹ชຼͶ͕͏ͱͺɼ&62 ͗ຌཔๆ࢕ͤ΄͘ਕʓΓΕ΍ɼ΋͢Θࣁۜ఑‫ंڛ‬͹ཤӻΝकͶେන͢ͱ͏Ζ͹Ͳͺ͵͏͖ɼͳٛ໲ΝఆͤΖๅࠄ΍͍ΕΉͤ>@ɽࢤ຿ऀճૌ৭ɼࠅՊɼӨཤ໪ద͹຿ؔιένʖɼͨ͢ͱՊఋ͹ؔͶͺɼήϪʖμʖϱ͗॑͵ͮͱ͏ΖΓ͑ͶࢧΚΗΉͤɽ3ROODUG ͳ &RXUW ͺɼ͞ΗΔ͹ιένʖؔ͹໎֮͵‫ڧ‬ֆતΝಝఈͤΖ͞ͳ͹ೋ͢͠Ν‫ک‬௒͢ͱ͏Ήͤ>@ɽଡ͚͹ &62 ͺɼଠ͹༹ʓ͵ιένʖͳ෵ࡸ͖ͯଡ໚ద͵‫ܐؖ‬Ν࣍ͬɼࡔ੕ద͵‫ޛ‬Θ८ͫ͜Ͳ͵͚ɼ੕࣑దཱི৖Ώιένʖࣙਐ͹໪దΝՎͪͤͪΌͶචགྷ͵༹ʓ͵ࣁ‫ݱ‬Ͷͯ͏ͱ΍ɼଠ͹ιένʖͶғଚ͢ͱ͏ΖՆ೵੓͍͗Ζ͖ΔͲͤɽͪ͗ͮ͢ͱɼ&62 ͹‫ڠ‬௪͹ఈٝΏཀྵմΝ‫ݡ‬ड़ͨ͑ͳ
ͤΖ৖߻ɼͨ͹ &62 ͹࢘ໍͳ໪దͫ͜Ͳ͵͚ɼͨ͹ &62 ͗ʰʹ͹Γ͑Ͷʱʰ୯ͶΓͮͱʱࣁۜ͗‫ڇڛ‬͠Ηɼ౹࣑͠Ηͱ͏Ζ͖΍‫ۅ‬Όͱ॑གྷͳ‫͓ݶ‬ΖͲ͢Β͑>@ɽඉ੕ැૌ৭
ඉ੕ැૌ৭ʤ1*2ʥͳ͏͑‫ݶ‬ཁͺɼ&62 ͳ‫׷ޕ‬దͶ࢘ΚΗͪΕ>ɼ@ɼ&62 ͹γϔήϩʖϕͳ͢ͱ࢘ΚΗͪΕ>ɼɼ@͢ͱ͕Εɼ໎֮͵΍͹Ͳͺ͍ΕΉͦΞɽΉͪɼඉӨཤૌ৭ͳಋͣΓ͑Ͷ࢘ΚΗͱ͏ΖΓ͑Ͳͤ͗ɼ3DXO ͺ 1*2 ͳ 132 ͳΝ໎֮ͶۢพͤΖ͞ͳΝགྷ‫͕ͱ͢ٽ‬ΕɼͨΗͺദ෼‫ؙ‬Ώ୉ָ͹Γ͑͵ΠχϚΩεʖ‫׈‬ಊ͹ঙ͵͏ඉӨཤૌ৭ͳɼ৙ͶΠχϚΩεʖ‫׈‬ಊΝ࢘ໍͳͤΖ 1*2 ͳ͹໎֮͵ۢพͲ͍Ζͳ͢ͱ͏Ήͤ>@ɽ
<DFKNDVFKL ͳ .DQ\LQJD ͺɼ&62 ͳ 1*2 ͳ͏͑‫ݶ‬ཁ͹ҩ͏Νɼঙ͵͚ͳ΍ΠϓϨΩ͹ชຼͲͺɼ‫ंޛ‬͗ΓΕޮࣞԿ͠Ηͱ͏Ζͳ͏͑ࣆࣰͲଌ͓ͱ͏ΖΓ͑Ͳͤ>@ɽՅ͓ͱɼ1*2 ͺࠅࡏద͵͍Ζ͏ͺ֐ࠅ͹χψʖ͖ΔࣁۜΝण͜खͮͱ͕Εɼχψʖ͹‫׈‬ಊ໪ඬͶғଚͦ͠ΔΗͱ͏Ζͳ͏͑ཀྵմ͗͏͚ͯ
͖͹ఁॶಚࠅ͹ชຼͶ͍ΖΓ͑Ͳͤ>@ɽ஦ࠅͲͺɼ1*2 ͹અཱིͺࠅՊ͹౹੏ԾͲߨΚΗΉͤɽ͞Ηͺ‫ࣞܙ‬ద͵қັ߻͏Ν༫͓Ζͫ͜Ͳ͵͚ɼͨ͹ 1*2 ͹ϝρεϥϱɼߑଆɼ‫׈‬ಊɼͨ͢ͱࣁۜ௒ୣͶ΍Ӫ‫ڻ‬Ν༫͓ͱ͏Ήͤɽ͞ΗΔ͹ʰ੕ැ͗ૌ৭ͪ͢ඉ੕ැૌ৭ʱͺ֐ࠅ͹ࡔ੕ࢩԋΝण͜Ζ͞ͳͺ͍ΕΉͦΞ>@ɽαϝϣωτΡʰαϝϣωτΡʱͳ͏͑‫ݶ‬ཁͺୱͶेΞͲ͏Ζ৖ॶ͹৖߻΍͍ΕΉͤ͗ɼਕझΏ຿ଔɼ೧ྺɼ৮‫ۂ‬ɼ‫ڠ‬௪͹‫ࣆৼؖ‬Ώ਎ۛ‫״‬ʤभ‫گ‬ɼ৶‫ʹ͵ھ‬ʥɼ͍Ζ͏ͺ݊߃৏͹චགྷ੓Ώ෈ཤ͵ড়݇͵ʹ͹‫ڠ‬௪఼Νࣖ͢ͱ͏Ζ৖߻΍͍ΕΉͤ>@ɽ͞ΗΔ͹ҡ͵Ζಝ੓ͺɼ‫ݺ‬ਕ͗મ୔ͶΓͮͱɼͯΉΕࣙ൅దͶ஄ରͶՅ೘ͪ͢ΕɼΉͪͺ೧ྺɼ຿ଔ੓ɼ‫ेڋ‬ஏ͵ʹ͹ಝ੓ͶΓͮͱճҽͶ͵Ζ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘Ζ͞ͳΝࣖ͢ͱ͏Ήͤ>@ɽαϝϣωτΡͳ͏͑‫ݶ‬ཁͶ݃;ͯ͏ͪқັ߻͏Ͷͺɼូɼ৶བɼऀճద݃଍ɼਕؔ‫؜͗ʹ͵ܐؖ‬ΉΗΉ
ͤ>@ɽ
αϝϣωτΡ‫خ‬൭‫ܗ‬ૌ৭ɼαϝϣωτΡૌ৭ *UHHU Δ>@ͺɼ͠Ή͡Ή͵ν΢ϕ͹αϝϣωτΡૌ৭ʤ͞͹‫ݶ‬ཁΝʰαϝϣωτΡ‫خ‬൭‫ܗ‬ૌ৭ʱͳ‫ޕ‬‫׷‬దͶ࢘༽͢ͱ͏ΖʥΝ‫͏ͱ͝ڏ‬Ήͤɽ৶‫ھ‬Ͷ‫͚Ͱخ‬αϝϣωτΡૌ৭ɼΠ΢υϱτΡτΡͶ‫͚Ͱخ‬αϝϣωτΡૌ৭ɼஏҮαϝϣωτΡૌ৭ɼऀճαϝϣωτΡૌ৭ɼ݊߃য়ସͶ‫ؖ‬࿊ͤΖαϝϣωτΡૌ৭ʤ‫ं׳‬ήϩʖϕɼࢩԋήϩʖϕʥɽαϝϣωτΡ‫خ‬൭‫ܗ‬͹ૌ৭ͺɼΓΕ૴͹ࠞదͲஏҮద͵‫׈‬ಊΝ͢ͱ͏ΖͪΌɼ‫׈‬ಊࣁۜ͹௒ୣΏң࣍Ͷචགྷ͵߶ౕ͵ߑଆΏϋρφϭʖέΝ࣍ͮͱ͏͵͏৖߻͍͗ΕΉͤɽસରͳ͢ͱɼαϝϣωτΡ‫خ‬൭‫ܗ‬ૌ৭ͺɼॄ஄ద͵ࢤ຿ߨಊΝً͢͞ɼ‫͍ـ׈‬Ζࢤ຿ऀճ͹൅ఴͶӪ‫ڻ‬Ν༫͓Ζ॑གྷ͵ༀׄΝ୴ͮͱ͏Ήͤ>@ɽࢂժ͹ϠξϨτΡʤ๏๑ʥͶ‫ͤؖ‬Ζ༽‫ ޢ‬ࢤ຿ࢂՅ ʰࢤ຿ࢂՅʱͳ͏͑༽‫ޢ‬ͺɼಝͶ຿ककٝΝ‫ک‬Կ͢Γ͑ͳ͢ͱ͏ΖࠅʓͲ࢘ΚΗͱ͏ΖΓ͑Ͳɼࢤ຿ࢂՅͺࢤ຿ӣಊ͹࣏͹ητρϕͲ͍Εɼࢤ຿ࢂՅ͹໪దͺकͶ‫ݳ‬য়Ͷҡ٠Ν঑͓ɼրַ͹ͪΌ͹ಕΝ֋͚͞ͳͶ͍ΕΉͤ>@ɽΉͪɼଲཱིͳ͏͑қັ߻͏΍ऑ‫؜ױ‬ΉΗͱ͕Ε>@ɼͨΗͶΓͮͱαϝϣωτ
ΡࢂՅͳۢพ͠ΗΉͤʤ‫ޛ‬फ़ʥ
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ޮ௎ճͺɼ͞͹ύϱχϔρέ͹ชຼͲͺ੕ࡨཱིҌंͶΓͮͱ֋࢟͠ΗΖɼҲൢࢤ຿͖Δ͹৚ๅफॄ͹ϕϫιηͲͤ> @ɽޮ௎ճ͹क͵໪దͺɼफॄͤΖΠένʖ͗੕ැ͹৖߻ͺ੕ࡨ໪దͲ͍Ζ͞ͳΝࣖࠨͯͯ͢ɼ৚ๅΝॄΌΖ͞ͳͲͤɽࠅ຿͹੢Ώ‫ݔ‬೨ͶࣘΝܑ͜ɼͨΗͶԢ͓Ζ͞ͳͺ຿ककٝ͹ཀྵ૟͹͵͖Ͳ΍஦ৼదͲ͍Ζ͞ͳ͖Δɼ຿ककٝ͹क࣢ͳ͠Ηͱ͏Ήͤ >@ɽࢂՅɼࢤ຿͹ࢂՅฯ্ࢂՅͺɼΦϱϏϭϟϱφͳಋ࣎Ͷɼ຿ककٝ͹ཀྵ૟ͳ‫ؖ‬࿊͢ͱ༽͏ΔΗΖ͞ͳ͗ଡ͏‫ݶ‬ཁͲͤ>@ɽ੕ࡨʤฯ݊෾໼ʥ΃͹ࢤ຿ࢂՅͳͺɼ੕ැ͍͗Ζ݀ఈͶ‫ࢤͱؖ͢‬຿͹қ‫ݡ‬Ώ৚ๅΝ੷‫ۅ‬దͶ‫ٽ‬ΌΖϕϫι
ηɼ͍Ζ͏ͺࢤ຿ऀճ͗੕࣑՟ୌͶӪ‫ڻ‬Ν༫͓Ζ๏๑ͳ͢ͱଌ͓ΔΗͱ͏Ήͤ>@ɽΦ΢ϗϩλϱ
ʤ$EHOVRQʥͳΠ΢ϩθʤ(\OHVʥɼΦ΢ϗϩλϱʤ$EHOVRQʥͳΪΤϲΡϱʤ*DXYLQʥͶΓΗͻɼʰࢂՅʱͶͺқ‫ݡ‬Ώ৚ๅΝ‫ٽ‬ΌΖणಊద͵΍͹͖Δɼқࢧ݀ఈͶࢤ຿͗ΓΕ੷‫ۅ‬దͶ‫ؖ‬༫ͤΖ΍͹ΉͲ͍ΕΉͤ> @ɽࢤ຿ऀճͶͳͮͱ͹ࢂՅ͹क͵໪దͺɼ੕ැͶଲ͢ͱɼे຿ͶଲͤΖٝແͲ͍Ζʰʤ੕ැ͹ʥઈ໎੻೜ʱΝՎͪͦ͠Ζ͞ͳͲ͍Εɼ੕ැͶͳͮͱ͹໪దͺɼཤ֒‫ंܐؖ‬͹ΨʖψʖερϕΝ߶Όɼ੕ࡨ΃͹ൕԢͳखΕࠒΊΝ৏͝Ζ͞ͳͶ͍Ζͳߡ͓ΔΗΉͤ>@ɽช‫Ͳݛ‬΍‫ک‬௒͠Ηͱ͏ΖΓ͑ͶɼࢂՅ͹΍͑Ҳͯ͹॑གྷ͵ଈ໚ͺɼ੕࣑దϕϫιη͖Δഋঈ͠Ηͱͪ͘ঙ਼ं͹ਕʓΝɼฯ݊ιένʖͶ
͕͜Ζ‫ܯ‬ժɼ௒ࠬɼߨಊͶࢂՅͲ͘ΖΓ͑ͶͤΖ͞ͳͲͤ>@ɽͪ͗ͮ͢ͱɼࢂՅͺɼҲൢࢤ຿͖Δ͹΢ϱϕρφͳ઒໵Պ͖Δ͹΢ϱϕρφΝಋ౵Ͷѽ͑ͪΌɼԡʓͶ͢ͱΦϱϏϭϟϱφ͹གྷો΍࣍ͮͱ͏
Ήͤ>@ɽࢤ຿͹ࢂժ‫ؖ‬༫ฯ্ϫΤΥʤ5RZHʥΔͺɼ੕ැ͗ࢤ຿ऀճΝ੕ࡨ݀ఈͶ‫ؖ‬༫ͦ͠Ζ͍ΔΑΖ๏๑Νใ‫ׇͤ‬Ζ‫ݶ‬ཁͳ͢ͱɼࢤ
຿͹ࢂժ‫ؖ‬༫ฯ্Ν༽͏ͱ͏Ήͤɽ͞Ηͺɼ੕ැ͖Δࠅ຿Ͷ৚ๅΝఽ͓ΖҲ๏௪ߨ͹ʰࠄஎʱͲ͍ͮͪ
Εɼࠅ຿͖Δ৚ๅΝॄΌΖ͞ͳͫ͜Ν໪దͳͪ͢ʰޮ௎ճʱ͹৖߻ɼͨ͢ͱ੕ࡨ݀ఈ΃͹‫ؖ‬༫͗қࢧ݀ఈ΃͹ΓΕ੷‫ۅ‬ద͵ࢂՅΝ‫؜‬΋৖߻͍͗ͮͪΕ͢Ήͤʤ৆ࡋͺ֦༽‫ޢ‬͹ߴΝࢂল͢ͱ͚ͫ͠͏ɽ
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ͪ͗ͮ͢ͱ৚ๅ͹ླྀΗ๏ʤ๏޴੓ʥͶΓΕʰࠄஎʱ‫ܙ‬ସͳʰޮ௎ճʱΏࢤ຿ࢂՅͳΝۢพͲ͘Ζͳ͏͓ΉͤɽΫϡρφʤ&DWWʥͳϜʖϓΡʖʤ0XUSK\ʥͺɼ͍Ζ੕ࡨ݀ఈͶ‫ͱؖ͢‬୯ʤҲൢࢤ຿͖ಝఈ͹αϝϣωτΡ͖ʥͳ‫ڢ‬٠͠ΗΖ΄͖͘ɼ୯֦͗ಝఈήϩʖϕ͹ࢻ఼ͳཤӻΝେනͤΖ͹͖ɼͨ͢ͱʹ͹Γ͑Ͷେනं͗મͻΗΖ΄͖͘ͳ͏͑໲ୌΝ఑ً͢ͱ͏Ήͤ>@ɽ͞͹՟ୌͺɼࢤ຿ऀճ͖Δ͹қ‫ݡ‬Ώ఑Ҍ͗‫ٽ‬ΌΔΗΖͤ΄ͱ͹ϕϫιηͶ౲ͱͺΉΕΉͤɽαϝϣωτΡ͹ࢂժ‫ؖ‬༫ฯ্ɼαϝϣωτΡ͹ࢂՅ ช‫ݛ‬ͶΓΖͳɼαϝϣωτΡ͹‫ؖ‬༫ͳͺɼ߁ٝͶͺқࢧ݀ఈΏ‫ܯ‬ժͶαϝϣωτΡΝࢂՅͦ͠Ζ͞ͳͳઈ໎͠Ηͱ͏Ήͤ>@ɽ۫ରྭͳ͢ͱͺɼωʖθ௒ࠬΏαϝϣωτΡ͹‫ܙ‬੔ɼ‫ܯ‬ժɼઅ‫ܯ‬ɼ֋൅ɼࣰ
ࢬɼ඲Ճ͵ʹ͍͗ΕΉͤ>@ɽช‫ݛ‬͹஦Ͷͺ͠ΔͶҲิ਒ΞͲɼ‫ڢ‬ಉɼ࿊‫ܠ‬ɼ‫ݸݘ‬͹෾ࢆͳ‫͑͏ͳ༙ڠ‬‫ݶ‬ཁ͗࢘ΚΗΖ͞ͳ΍͍ΕΉͤ>@ɽΤ΢ϨΠϞθʤ:LOOLDPVʥ>@ͶΓΗͻɼαϝϣωτΡ͹‫ؖ‬༫ͺਜ਼౲͵౹࣑ͳಋٝͳ͢ͱ͏Ήͤɽ:+2 ͺαϝϣωτΡ‫ؖ‬༫ͳαϝϣωτΡಊҽ͹ؔͶ໎֮͵ҩ͏Νઅ͜ͱ͕ΕɼαϝϣωτΡ‫ؖ‬༫ΝɼαϝϣωτΡͳ͹‫ڢ‬ಉΝՆ೵ͶͤΖ‫ܐؖ‬Νߑ஛ͤΖϕϫιηͲ͍Ζ
ͳΊ͵͢ͱ͏Ήͤ>@ɽଡ͚͹ช‫͞Ͳݛ‬͹್ͯ͹‫ݶ‬ཁΝಋٝ͹΍͹ͳ͢ͱѽ͑Ҳ๏ɼϛʖϩʤ3DXOʥ>@͹Γ͑͵ɼ੕ැΉͪͺ੕ࡨཱིҌंͶΓͮͱ࢟ΌΔΗΖ΍͹ΝʰαϝϣωτΡ‫ؖ‬༫ʱͳ͢ɼणӻंΉͪͺଲেंήϩʖϕ͗൶Δࣙਐ͹ਫ਼‫޴׈‬৏Ͷ‫ر‬༫ͤΖͳ͏͑؏఼͖Δ࢟ΌΔΗΖ΍͹ΝʰαϝϣωτΡࢂՅʱͳۢพ͢ͱ͏Ζන‫ݳ‬΍͍ΕΉͤɽಋ༹Ͷɼϫώʖφλϱʤ5REHUWVRQʥͳϝϱέϧʖʤ0LQNOHUʥ>@ͺɼαϝϣωτΡࢂՅͳͺɼଲেαϝϣωτΡ͹ήϩʖϕ͗ࣙ෾ͪͬ͹ωʖθΝಝఈ͢ɼͨ͹ωʖθΝຮͪͤͪΌ͹ϟΩωθϞΝཱི֮ͤΖ͞ͳͲ͍Ζͳफ़΄ͱ͏Ήͤɽસରͳ͢ͱɼαϝϣωτΡ͹‫ؖ‬༫ͺɼޮ‫ڠ‬γʖϑη͹րવΝ΍ͪΔͤ‫͵ྙک‬ςʖϩͲ͍Ζͳ઴޴͘ͶͳΔ͓ΔΗͱ͏Ήͤ>@ɽ‫ڢ‬٠ͳ‫ڢ‬٠ϕϫιη ࢂՅͳ‫ڢ‬٠͹ؔͶͺືં͵‫͍͗ܐؖ‬Ζͳߡ͓ΔΗɼ‫ڢ‬٠ͳͺɼώϧϱη͹ͳΗͪɼࣆࣰͶ‫͚Ͱخ‬৚ๅ͹఑‫ڛ‬ɼ͍Ζ͏ͺϔϧρέεϡʖʤ%ODFNVKHUʥ͗‫͑ݶ‬Γ͑Ͷɼ୯΍͗ਜ਼౲ͳΊ͵ͤޮ‫ڠ‬ద͵݀ఈΝ΍ͪΔ
ͤޮਜ਼͵ϕϫιηΝ໪ࢨͪ͢ʰ຿कద࿫͢߻͏ʱ͹͞ͳΝࢨͤͳ͠Ηͱ͏Ήͤ>@ɽฯ݊෾໼Ͷ͕͜Ζ
ࢂՅ͹໪దͳͺଡ͚͹৖߻ɼ‫ܯ‬ժΏ‫ڂݜ‬ஊ֌Ͷҡ͵Ζήϩʖϕॄ஄Ν‫ؖ‬༫ͦ͠Ζ͞ͳͶ͍ΕΉͤɽҲ๏Ͳɼ‫ڢ‬٠Νߨ͑ࡏ͹֦ϕϫιη͹໪దͺɼཀྵ੓ద͵ଲ࿫ΝͤΖͪΌ͹ড়݇Ν੖͓Ζ͞ͳͲͤɽͤ͵Κͬɼ͞͹ϕϫιη͹ࢂՅंͺͨΗͩΗ͹ࢻ఼Ν࣍ͮͱࢂՅͤΖ͖΍͢ΗΉͦΞ͗ɼ࿫͢߻͑͞ͳͲͨ͹‫ݡ‬๏͗रਜ਼͠ΗΖՆ೵੓Ν࣍ͬΉͤɽࣰ‫ݳ‬੓Ώଠ͹ήϩʖϕ͖Δ͹ൕଲқ‫ʹ͵ݡ‬Νߡྂ͢ɼͤ΄ͱ͹ਕͶͳͮͱ͹࠹વ͹մ݀ࡨ͗ࣙ෾ͪͬͶͳͮͱ͹࠹વ͹մ݀ࡨͲͺ͵͏͖΍͢Η͵͏͞ͳΝཀྵմͤΖ͖ΔͲ
ͤɽ઴఑Ͷ͵ͮͱ͏Ζ͹ͺɼ͑ͪ͢͞ଲ࿫ͨ͗͞ฯ݊՟ୌͲͺ৽॑͵൓இͶͯ͵͗Ζͳ͏͑ߡ͓Ͳͤ
>@ɽΦ΢ϗϩλϱʤ$EHOVRQʥΔͺɼ఑‫͠ڛ‬ΗΖ৚ๅͶଡ༹͵ࢻ఼͗‫؜‬ΉΗΖ͞ͳͲɼཀྵͶ͖͵ͮͱ͏
Ζ͗૮༲Η͵͏༹ʓ͵क௃Ν৒Εӿ͓ɼ෱߁͏ࢻ఼Ͳ٠࿨ͤΖ‫ؽ‬ճΝ఑‫͘Ͳڛ‬Ζͳࢨఢ͢ͱ͏Ήͤ>@ɽ‫ڢ‬٠Ώ‫ڢ‬٠ϕϫιηɼ͍Ζ͏ͺޮ֋‫ڢ‬٠͵ʹ͹න‫ݳ‬ͺɼಋ෾໼Ͷ‫ؖ‬ΚΖ‫ंڂݜ‬͹ชॽ͹஦ͲͺΓΕළൡͶ࢘༽͠Ηͱ͏Ήͤ>@ɽϖϩηίΠ྘ҮͲͺɼʰ‫ڢ‬٠ʱͳ͏͑‫ݶ‬ཁ͗ɼ੕ࡨࢨਓΏ‫ࠄש‬͹ࡠ੔ɼ༑઎ॳҒ͹અఈɼྛཀྵదΉͪͺՃ஍Ͷ‫͚Ͱخ‬ζϪϱϜͶ‫ͤؖ‬Ζࢨਓ͹఑‫ڛ‬ɼϨηέ͹඲Ճɼқࢧ݀ఈ‫ݘ‬Ν࣍ͯ΄͘ਕ͹݀ఈգఖ͵ʹͲ༽͏ΔΗͱ͘Ήͪ͢>@ɽऀճࢂՅ ऀճࢂՅͺɼ͍ΔΑΖࢂՅ͹‫ܙ‬ସΝ࠹΍ใ‫ׇͤ‬Ζ‫ݶ‬ཁͲ͍Ζ΍͹͹ɼ͞ΗΉͲ‫ͪ͘ͱݡ‬ช‫Ͳݛ‬ͺ͍ΉΕ࢘ΚΗͱ͏͵͏Γ͑Ͳͤɽοϡϱʤ&KDQʥ >@ͶΓΗͻɼऀճࢂՅͳͺɼ͍Ζήϩʖϕ͹஦ৼద͵୴͏घ͗ήϩʖϕ͹ཤӻΝୣ੔ͤΖͪΌͶɼॄ஄͹ઞࡑ೵ྙΝॄ༁ͤΖ͞ͳͫͳ͢ͱ͏Ήͤɽ͞ΗͶଲ͢ͱɼϚζΥʤ%RMHʥͺ͞͹༽‫ޢ‬Νɼ࿓ಉࢤ৖΃͹ࢂՅΏՊଔ͹໲ୌɼஏҮαϝϣωτΡ͹ϋρφϭʖέ
͖Δɼ຿कద‫ݘ‬ཤ͹༶‫ޤ‬ͶࢺΖΉͲɼೖ৙ਫ਼‫׈‬Ͷ͕͜Ζऀճద‫׈‬ಊͶଲ͢ͱΓΕ߁͚࢘༽͢ͱ͕Εɼޮࣞૌ৭Ͷ͕͜Ζ੷‫ۅ‬ద͍Ζ͏ͺভ‫ۅ‬ద͵ϟϱώʖερϕͫ͜Ͳ͵͚ɼඉޮࣞ͵‫ܐؖ‬΍ࢨͤ͞ͳ͍͗Ζͳ͢ͱ͏Ήͤ>@ɽ
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୊್͹࢕ૌΊͺɼқ‫ݡ‬௎ख͹ͪΌ͹ճ߻ɼ੕ࡨଲ࿫ɼཤ֒‫͖ंܐؖ‬Δ͹қ‫ݡ‬௎खճ٠ɼϓΧʖΩηʀήϩʖϕ͵ʹ͹қ‫ݡ‬௎खघ๑Ͳͤɽ୉‫و‬ໝ͵ࢂՅ͹͚͢Ίͳͺҡ͵Εɼͪ͏ͱ͏े຿ήϩʖϕ͹େනΏ઒໵ՊΝডଶͪ͢ঘ‫و‬ໝͲ‫ݸ‬ఈద͵қ‫׷ިݡ‬͹ͪΌ͹ϓΧʖϧϞΝࢨ͢Ήͤɽ໪దͺɼқࢧ݀ఈ͹գఖͲ৚ๅΝ఑‫ͱ͢ڛ‬΍Δ͏ɼΩάΝѴΖཤ֒‫ंܐؖ‬͹ࢂՅͳ࢏ಋΝଇ਒ͤΖ͞ͳͶ͍ΕΉͤɽқ‫ݡ‬௎ख͹ͪΌ͹ճ߻ɼ੕ࡨଲ࿫ɼཤ֒‫ͳंܐؖ‬͹ճ٠Ͳͺɼಝఈ͹෾໼͹‫ݩܨ‬Ώ઒໵எࣟΝ࣍ͮͱ͏Ζ༹ʓ͵ཤ֒‫ंܐؖ‬Νডॄ͢Ήͤɽডଶ͠ΗͪࢂՅंͺɼಝఈ͹੕ࡨ՟ୌͶ‫ͤؖ‬Ζқ‫ݡ‬Ώ඲ՃΝफ़΄ΖΓ͑‫ٽ‬ΌΔΗΉͤɽࢂՅंͺɼ઒໵Պ஄ରɼ‫ं׳‬஄ରɼࢤ຿ऀճɼஏ๏ฯ݊౲‫ۃ‬ɼཤӻ஄ର͵ʹ͹ҡ͵Ζήϩʖϕ͖Δనਜ਼͵େන੓Ν֮ฯͤΖͪΌ৽॑ͶમͻΗΖ΄͘ͲͤɽԋঁͶғଚͤΖ‫ڧ؂‬ԾͲͺɼ੕ැ͹઒໵ՊͶՅ͓ͱ֋൅Ϗʖφψʖ΍қ‫ݡ‬Νफ़΄ΖͪΌͶࢂՅͤΖ͞ͳ͗Γ͚͍ΕΉͤɽ୉੐͹े຿ΝԥஇదͶ໤དͤΖ୉‫و‬ໝήϩʖϕͶർ΄ɼॄ஄͹‫و‬ໝ͗ঘ͠͏ͪΌɼٗढ़ద՟ୌͶͯ͏ͱ਄͚٠࿨͗Ͳ͘ΉͤɽϓΧʖΩηʀήϩʖϕͺɼ࣯ద௒ࠬͶ͕͏ͱཱི֮͠Ηͪघ๑Ͳͤɽ͞͞Ͳͺɼʛ ਕ͹ࣇͪഐ‫ܢ‬Ώ‫ܨ‬‫ݩ‬Ν΍ͯർֳద‫͵࣯ۋ‬ήϩʖϕ͗ॄΌΔΗΉͤɽ༹ʓ͵қ‫ݡ‬ɼ઒໵எࣟɼ‫ݩܨ‬Ν΍ͯଡ༹͵ν΢ϕ͹ਕ
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͖Δߑ੔͠ΗɼમͻΗͪࢂՅं΃৚ๅͳࣁྋΝ༽қ͢ɼ౲֚՟ୌͶͯ͏ͱߡ͓ʰज़ߡʱͤΖͪΌ͹ॉ෾͵࣎ؔΝ఑‫ͤڛ‬Ζ͞ͳͶ఼॑Ν஖͏ͱ͏Ήͤɽྭͳ͢ͱɼࢤ຿җҽճɼࢤ຿ഞ৻ɼϕϧϱωϱήιϩɼ߻қ‫ܙ‬੔ճ٠ɼ‫ڢ‬٠‫੊ܗ‬࿨௒ࠬɼεψϨΨʀϭʖέεϥρϕ͵ʹ͍͗ΕΉͤɽࢤ຿җҽճʤྭ͓ͻɼฯ݊җҽճʥͲͺɼ਒ߨༀ͹΍ͳͲ༁ ʛ ਕ͖Δ͵Ζήϩʖϕ͗અఈ͠ΗΉͤɽࢤ຿җҽͺɼ਼͖݆Ήͪͺ  ೧ͳ͏͑ௗ͏೜‫غ‬Ν༫͓ΔΗɼ༹ʓ͵φϒρέͶͯ͏ͱɼҡ͵Ζν΢ϝϱήͲ‫ڢ‬٠͢Ήͤɽଡ͚͹җҽճ͗ฑߨ͢ͱӣӨ͠ΗɼͨΗͩΗ͗ҡ͵ΖφϒρέͶͯ͏ͱ‫ݗ‬౾͢ɼଡ͚͹ਕ͗ࢂՅͤΖ‫ؽ‬ճΝಚΔΗΖΓ͑ϟϱώʖΝިେͤΖ৖߻΍͍ΕΉͤɽࢤ຿җҽճͺɼௗ‫غ‬ద͵‫ܐؖ‬Νߑ஛ͯͯ͢ɼ॑གྷ͵੕ැ՟ୌͶ‫ͤؖ‬Ζߨ੕౲‫ۃ‬͹ʰ૮஌ༀʱͳ͢ͱ‫ؽ‬೵͢Ήͤɽ>@ࢤ຿ഞ৻΍ໃࡠҟͶમͻΗͪ ʛ ਕఖౕ͹ಋ‫و‬ໝ͹ॄ஄Ͳߑ੔͠ΗΉͤɽഞ৻ҽͺɼ৆ࡋ͵ࣆ઴৚ๅΝण͜खΕɼ઒໵ՊΏ౲ࣆं͹࿫Νซ͘ɼͨ͹͓͑Ͳഞ৻ҽಋ͚࢞͗ͣͮΕ‫ڢ‬٠͢఑‫ݶ‬Νड़͢Ήͤɽ͞͹࢕ૌΊ͗͑Ή͚‫ؽ‬೵ͤΖ͹ͺɼ͍ΔΑΖࢻ఼ΝେනͤΖใ‫ׇ‬ద͵৚ๅΝ఑‫ͤڛ‬Ζͳ͏͑໪ద͹΍ͳɼన઀͵ϓΟεϨτʖεϥϱͳਇ伪ͶखΕૌ΋क࠷ं͗६ඍͪ͢৖߻Ͳͤɽ
Ήͪɼ݊߃ͶଲͤΖऀճద͵໪దͶ‫ͤؖ‬Ζ߻қ‫ܙ‬੔ͳʰޮ‫ڠ‬͹ཤӻʱ͹؏఼Νଇ਒͢ɼ‫ݺ‬ਕ͹қ‫ݡ‬Νึ‫ͤ׮‬Ζॄ߻ద͵қ‫ݡ‬͹ࡨఈΝՆ೵Ͷ͢Ήͤ>@ɽϓϧϱηͳοϣωζΠͲͺɼࢤ຿ഞ৻͗ΨʖϕϱʀϜ΢έʀϐΠϨϱήΝึ‫ͤ׮‬Ζ࢕ૌΊͳ͢ͱ‫͠༽׈‬ΗΉͪ͢ɽಋ༹͹࢕ૌΊͳ͢ͱɼυϱϜʖέͲ֋൅͠Ηͪ߻қ‫ܙ‬੔ճ٠͍͗ΕΉͤɽ͞Ηͺɼʛ ਕ͹ࢤ຿җҽ࣯͗໲Νࡠ੔͢ɼճ٠‫Ͳࣞܙ‬઒໵ՊҗҽͶյ౶͢ͱ΍Δ͑ͳ͏͑΍͹Ͳͤɽ͞͹઒໵Պͳࢤ຿͹ؔ͹ଲ࿫ͺɼҲൢࢤ຿ΏϟυΡΠͶޮ֋͠ΗΉͤɽಋͣΓ͑͵અ‫ܯ‬Ͷϕϧϱωϱήιϩ͍͗ΕΉͤɽ͞Ηͺɼχ΢ςͲ֋൅͠Ηͪ๏๑Ͳɼ
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͖Εͳͪ͢‫ݗ‬౾͹‫ؽ‬ճΝ༫͓ΔΗͪ৖߻ɼਕʓͺʹ͑ߡ͓Ζ͖ΝϠυϩԿ͢Γ͑ͳͤΖ΍͹Ͳͤɽ੊࿨
௒ࠬ͹γϱϕϩͺɼʛ ਕҐ৏͹ࢤ຿ΉͲ༹ʓͲͤɽમͻΗͪࢂՅंͺɼ‫ڢ‬٠͹઴ͳ‫ޛ‬͹  յɼ੊࿨௒ࠬΝण͜Ήͤɽͨ͹ؔɼࢂՅंͶͺ‫ڢ‬٠͹‫ؽ‬ճ͗༫͓ΔΗɼ઒໵ՊͺࣁྋΝ఑ࣖ͢ɼ࣯໲Ͷ౶͓ΖͪΌͶଶ‫͢ؽ‬Ήͤɽ͞Ηͺɼ ͯ͹ҡ͵Ζ఼࣎Ͳ͹ࢂՅं͹қ‫ݡ‬Νॄ༁ͤΖΓ͑ૌΊཱིͱΔΗͪ๏๑Ͳ
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ద͵৙અ‫ͤͲؖؽ‬ɽ༹ʓ͵ߨ੕ϪϗϩͶઅ஖͠Ηɼฯ݊෾໼͹Γ͑͵੕ࡨͶ‫ؖ‬༫ͤΖ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘Ήͤɽɼ‫ڢ‬٠ճͺ๑దࠞ‫ڎ‬Ͷ‫ͱ͏Ͱخ‬અ஖͠Ηɼͨ͹੓࣯ɼϟϱώʖߑ੔ɼ໪దɼૌ৭ର੏ɼ‫ؽ‬೵͗݀ΌΔΗͱ͏Ήͤɽ>@ྭ͓ͻɼϛϩφΪϩ͹ฯ݊‫ڢ‬٠ճͺɼ੕ැ͹ࣀ໲‫͍Ͳؖؽ‬Εɼࠅ຿ฯ݊γʖϑηͶ͕͜Ζʰࢤ຿͹ྙʱΝ‫ک‬ԿͤΖ͞ͳΝ໪దͳ͢ͱ͏Ήͤɽ ੰ͹͑ͬɼ̔ੰͺɼࢤ຿ऀճͳ‫ं׳‬஄ର͹ͪΌͶ֮ฯ͠Ηͱ͏Ήͤɽฯ݊җҽճɼΉͪͺஏஏۢฯ݊җҽճͺɼ௪৙ஏҮऀճͳஏۢฯ݊౲‫ۃ‬ɼҫྏࢬઅ͹ؔ͹஧ղༀͳ͢ͱߡ
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ΦϱϏϭϟϱφ͹ఖౕΏͨ͹‫ؽ‬೵Ͷͯ͏ͱ΍ಋ༹Ͷ༹ʓͲͤɽ௪৙ɼҗҽճͺฯ݊ҫྏγʖϑη͹఑‫ڛ‬Ͷ͕͏ͱɼͨ͹ஏҮͶనͪ͢մ݀ࡨ͹݀ఈͶ‫ؖ‬ΚΕΉͤɽ>ɾ@  崷嵛崱崾崫崗হ୻ૐˠʤ༃஭ʥ͞͹ຍ༃൝ͲͺΠϓϨΩঀࠅ͹ࣆྭ͹Ίൊਰ͢ͱ͏Ήͤ͞͹ύϱχϔρέ͹ࡠ੔գఖͲͺɼ6371ʤऀճࢂՅͶ‫ͤؖ‬Ζ઒໵ϋρφϭʖέʥ͹ࢨ಍͹΍ͳɼ ΩࠅͲҲ࣏υʖνΝफॄ͢Ήͪ͢ɽ Ωࠅ͹ऀճࢂՅ͹ࣆྭͺɼύϱχϔρέΝ௪͢ͱଠ͹ࠅ͹ࣆྭΓΕ΍‫܃‬Εศ͢‫͠ٶݶ‬Ηͱ͏Ήͤɽͨ͹ͪΌɼύϱχϔρέ͹ಣं͗ࢂল͢Ώͤ͏Γ͑Ͷɼ֦ࠅ͹खΕૌΊ͹఼॑෾໼ͳक͵௒ࠬ݃ՎͶͯ͏ͱ؈ୱͶΉͳΌͪ΍͹ΝҐԾ͹ϚρέηͶ‫͢ࡎى‬Ήͤɽ͞ΗΔ͹ࣆྭ͖Δͺɼࠅ͟ͳ͹ɼ͍Ζ͏ͺ‫ݺ‬ʓ͹ชຼΏωʖθ͖Δ‫ܙ‬੔͠Ηͪଡ༹͵‫ݩܨ‬Ͷͯ͏ͱ༙ӻ
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ʀ‫΃ंܐؖ‬͹΢ϱνϑϣʖͲͺɼࢤ຿ऀճଈ͹઒໵எࣟΏʤٗढ़దʥ೵ྙ͗෈ଏ͢ͱ͏ΖͳࢧΚΗͱ͏Ήͪ͢ɽʀฯ݊঴ͺ 61)6&68 ͹٠࿨ͶࢂՅͤΖࢤ຿ऀճ͹େනΝમ΁ࡏ͹क͵‫خ‬६ͳ͢ͱɼٗढ़దηΫϩͶՅ͓ͱɼ༹ʓ͵ऀճ֌૜ԾͶ͕͜Ζన઀͵αϝϣωίʖεϥϱ೵ྙΝࢨఢ͢Ήͪ͢ɽ¾

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ࢤ຿ऀճͶͳͮͱɼճ٠ͶࢂՅͤΖͪΌ͹ࣆແघକ͘৏͹՟ୌ਼͗ଡ͚͍ΕΉͪ͢ɽճ٠ͺࠅ಼͹༹ʓ͵৖ॶͲ֋࠷͠Ηɼࢤ຿ऀճ͹େනͶͳͮͱͺघକ͘͵ʹ͗൧ࡸͲɼ߶ֻ͹ྃඇ͖͖͗ΕΉͪ͢ɽΉͪճ٠͗௜઴Ͷডॄ͠ΗͪͪΌɼডଶয়͕Γ;ͨ͹ଠ͹‫ؖ‬࿊ชॽ͗࣎ؔదͶ༪༡Ν΍ͮͱ‫༙͠ڠ‬ΗΉͦΞͲͪ͢ɽଲ࿫͕Γ;‫ڢ‬٠͹৖ͺɼਕ਼Ώༀ৮ɼ൅‫ʹ͵ؔ࣎ݶ‬͹͍ΔΑΖ໚Ͳ੕ැ‫͗ंܐؖ‬༑ҒͶ͵ΕΉͪ͢ɽ

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͖͢͢ɼϔϩΫψϓΟλ͹ࢤ຿ऀճͺ൅ୣ͢ͱ͘ͱ͕Εɼࠅ಼͹ඉ੕ැૌ৭ΝΉͳΌΖࣆແ‫ۃ‬Ν୴͑
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ͮͪΓ͑͵ɼΓΕҲൢదͲใ‫ׇ‬ద͵ฯ݊Ͷ‫ͤؖ‬ΖφϒρέͶৰΗΖ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘Ήͪ͢ɽϓΧʖΩηʀήϩʖϕΆ͖͹ࢂՅηϘʖηͶࢂՅ͢ͱ͏͵͏αϝϣωτΡΝଲেͶઅఈ͠ΗΉͪ͢ɽऀճ͖Δ૆֐͠Ηͪओ͏ཱི৖͹ਕʓΝଲেͳ͢ɼಋͣαϝϣωτΡ͹ਕͲߑ੔͠Ηͪঙਕ਼͹ιρεϥϱΝߨ͏Ήͪ͢ɽࢤ຿৻ࠬҽճ
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ࢤ຿৻ࠬҗҽɼ‫ڢ‬ճɼ1*2ɼ࿓ಉૌ߻ɼࠅճ٠ҽ͵ʹɼଡ͚͹ࢂՅं͗ॄΉΕɼ੕ࡨΏ݀٠͹ଧ౲੓Ν‫͢ৄݗ‬Ήͤɽ௒ࠬ໪ద݊߃͹ͪΌ͹ऀճଲ࿫͹࢕ૌΊΝ௪ͣͱɼʹ͹ఖౕे຿ɼαϝϣωτΡɼࢤ຿ऀճ͹੢͗ฯ݊੕ࡨҌͶൕӫ͠Ηͪ͹͖඲ՃͤΖ͞ͳ Ձ͗͑Ή͚͏͘ɼ͑Ή͚͏͖͵͖ͮͪ͹͖ཀྵմ͢ɼࠕ‫ޛ‬͹ 6'+ ΃͹‫܉گ‬ΝಚΖ͞ͳक͵௒ࠬ݃Վ
 ೧͹ʰΠϧϔ͹ॡʱַໍͳ຿़͹୉͘͵ѻྙͶΓΕɼฯ݊ιένʖ͹ࠞຌద͵๏޴఺‫͗׷‬චགྷͶ͵ΕΉͪ͢ɽ ೧Ͷ֋࢟͠Ηͪʰ݊߃͹ͪΌ͹ऀճଲ࿫ʱͺɼऀճ͹౲ࣆंસର͗ฯ݊εητϞ͹ࡑΕ๏Ͷͯ͏ͱ൅‫ݘݶ‬Ν࣍ͯ΄͘Ͳ͍Ζ͞ͳΝ‫ک‬௒ͤΖͪΌʰऀճʱͳ͏͑‫ݶ‬ཁΝ॑གྷࢻ͢ͱ͏Ήͤɽ>@ͨΗࣙରͺ੕ැ͹‫Ͳؖؽ‬ͺ͵͚ɼࢤ຿ऀճͶΓͮͱӣӨ͠Ηͱ͏Ήͤ͗ɼฯ݊঴͹ࢤ຿ࢂՅϤωρφͳ࿊‫͢ܠ‬ͱ͏Ήͤɽ
 6'+ ͺࢤ຿ऀճͳ੕ැ߶‫ׯ‬Ν‫؜‬΋ӣӨҗҽͶΓͮͱӣӨ͠Ηͱ͏Ήͤɽ෵਼͹ࡠ‫ۂ‬෨ճ͗ɼٗढ़җҽճͶΓͮͱ௒੖͠Ηͱ͕Εɼٗढ़җҽճͺɼࢤ຿ऀճͫ͜Ͳ͵͚ɼฯ݊঴͹஦‫ٗݐ‬ढ़‫ײ‬෨Ώ :+2 Ͳߑ੔͠Ηͱ͏Ήͤɽ໪దͺɼ6'+ ΢ϗϱφΝ‫ة‬ժɼ६ඍͤΖ͞ͳͲͤɽ ͞͹ࣆྭͲಚΔΗͪक͵எ‫ݡ‬ͺҐԾ͹௪ΕͲͤɽ क͵੔ޯགྷҾͺɼύ΢Ϫϗϩ͵੕࣑దࢩԋͫ͜Ͳ͵͚ɼϚϧϱτΡΠͳ͢ͱ࣎ؔΏஎࣟΝ఑‫͚ͱ͢ڛ‬Η
ΖқཋదͲ༙೵͵ࢤ຿ͳ઒໵Պ͹஦ৼదήϩʖϕ͗ଚࡑͪ͢͞ͳͲͤɽ ֋൅Ϗʖφψʖ͖Δ͹ौೊ͵ٗढ़ࢩԋͺɼৰഖͳ͵Ζࣁۜͫ͜Ͳ͵͚ɼ༹ʓ͵΢ϗϱφΝӣӨͤΖͪΌ͹઒໵எࣟ΍఑‫͢ڛ‬Ήͪ͢ɽ क͵՟ୌͺɼฯ݊঴͹‫ͳౕৼؖ‬कགྷ͵੕ැ઒໵‫ײ‬෨͹ࢂՅͶͻΔ͍ͯ͗ͮͪ͘͞ͳͲͤɽ͞͹໲ୌͺɼ೨೘Ε͵೬Ε‫͏ک‬ΠχϚΩεʖ‫׈‬ಊΝఴ֋͢ɼοϡϱη͗๜Ηͪͳ͘Ͷɼ੕ැ‫΃ंܐؖ‬దΝߞͮͱಉ͖͘
͜Νߨ͑͞ͳͲࠂෲ͠ΗΉͪ͢ɽ Ήͪɼࢤ຿͹ࢂՅқཋΝң࣍ͤΖ͞ͳ΍՟ୌͲͪ͢ɽ6'+ ͹಼༲ͫ͜Ͳ͵͚ɼϕϫιηࣙରͶͯ͏ͱఈ‫غ‬దͶ‫ڢ‬٠ͤΖ͞ͳ͗ࢤ຿͹‫ৼؖ‬Νң࣍ͤΖ͞ͳͶༀཱིͮͪΓ͑Ͳͤɽ ࢤ຿ͳฯ݊ॊࣆं͹ؔ͹‫ە‬യͪ͢‫ܐؖ‬ͺ౲ॵ͖Δೋ͢͏΍͹Ͳͪ͢ɽྈं͗พʓͶ٠࿨ͤΖ͞ͳͺ༙ްͲͪ͗͢ɼήϩʖϕؔͲ΍қ‫׷ިݡ‬Νߨ͑ͪΌɼ͠Δ͵Ζଲ࿫घ๑͹‫ݗ‬౾ͳրྒྷ͗චགྷͲͤɽ ݊߃͹ͪΌ͹ऀճଲ࿫͹࣏͹ϓΥʖθͲͺɼοϣωζΠऀճ͹ΓΕ߁͏൥ҕ͹େනΝ֮ฯͤΖ͞ͳɼ๑ద࿰ૌΊͶ 6'+ ϕϫιηΝఈ஥ͦ͠Ζ͞ͳΝ‫ݗ‬౾ͤΖ͞ͳɼқࢧ݀ఈΏ੕ࡨ݀ఈͳ͹੏ౕదͯ͵͗ΕΝ஛͚͞ͳɼࢤ຿ΏαϝϣωτΡ͹ 6'+ ΃͹‫ؖ‬༫Ν‫ܩ‬କͦ͠ΖͪΌ͹કྲྀΝ֋൅ͤΖ͞ͳͶ঱఼Ν͍ͱΖ΄͘Ͳͤɽ

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この翻訳版はJSPS科研費21K18415の助成を受けて（特活）アフリカ日本協議会が作成しました。
監修：（特活）アフリカ日本協議会
翻訳協力：平家穂乃佳、宮澤仁、安松早百合以下は原本の該当ページよりReferences

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Chapter 1 - Participation: a core instrument for voice, agency and empowerment

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