Solid Materials of Mineral and Rock on the Solar System: X-ray Unit and Mixed Status
Yasunori Miura1 and Toshio Kato2
Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, JAPAN2
Department of Earth System Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, JAPAN1

Introduction: Solid materials of all celestial bodies on the Solar System (with technical limits of whole observation andcollection by man-made satellites) should be defined clearly as main purpose of this paper based on academic data of thosesolids from the Earth’s definition relatively.
Academic definition: All mineral crystals on Earth are defined with X-ray determination (as arrangement of 0.1nm unit)
and chemical composition (as stoichiometric compound) with its occurrence on the academic material database (as Earth’smineral), where the rock is composed on many mineral crystals or mineral with mixed irregular solids (with light or heavyelements) usually. This Earth’s definition is easily applied to investigate and determination to unknown samples including
extraterrestrial samples on Earth and visiting collections on the Moon (and Mars and Asteroids etc.). However, basic definitionof solid samples on extraterrestrial sources is not enough to be defined (especially on its developed status as the Celestialbodies) as shown in Table 1.
New concept of the Solar System’s material: Solid bodies of the Solar System have been accepted mainly from their
movements from the geo-centered theory to the Helio-centered theory through many astrophysical investigators based on theMoon and nearest planetary tracking data. Therefore, we should investigate by solid material database (rock and/or mineralcrystal) of each Celestial body. This is main reason why a) mineral spices are completely different with the water-planet Earth(three systems of rock, ocean water and atmosphere as the mineral differentiation) and other Celestial bodies (mainly rockand/or atmosphere systems as different generation of mineral and rock compared with the planet Earth), b) previous collected
extraterrestrial rocks (without chondrules or not) shows different evolution of glass and mineral, c) final mineral grains (soils,carbonates and silica) of the Earth’s sedimentary process cannot be obtained clearly on extraterrestrial samples so far, and d)various mineral deposits of light element of carbon (from extreme to lower conditions) are obtained from macroscopic tomicroscopically as shown in Table 1.

Existence of fluid-related grains: Carbon-bearing grains show only light element to exist all phase states from solid toliquid to vapor condition with various compositions, texture and atomic structure. Therefore, it is significant indicator to detect
its formed process with or without fluid on water-planet Earth (to form final global carbonate minerals and its rocks) , theMoon (to form global carbon distribution rich in fine regolith soils on surface), Mars (to form global carbon-rich grains anddeposits) and Asteroids (carbon-rich in fine regolith grains and/or carbon-bearing grains and rocks) as shown in Table 2.
Discussion: Earth’s minerals formed as large mineral crystals are defined by atomic structure and chemistry based on Xray analysis and EPMA-ATEM/SEM microanalyses in laboratory on Earth. On the other hand, extraterrestrial samples of theMoon, Mars and Asteroids have no large crystal of mineral grains (due to no global water system on these bodies). Therefore,
Earth’s mineral crystal cannot be obtained at any other planets and Asteroids without the global water system. Remote-sensing
detectors by the IR and Visible wavelengths are mainly instant data obtained from mainly molecular data (atom-atomdistances) which are different with Earth’s mineral definition. This suggests that extraterrestrial mineral rocks (or rockyminerals) are considered to be imperfect solids compared with Earth-type mineral crystal, which means that main X-ray peaksof crystal planes (hkl) are mainly formed during the developed processes with short extreme condition of simple or multiple
impact heating and cooling processes on the extraterrestrial bodies. In short, all celestial bodies at the Solar System arecompletely different on its process and fluid contribution for rocky mineral or mineral rock formation (including the Hayabusasamples), which means that solid bodies of the Solar System might be the Helio-centered theory-type material rocks which are
not used by the Earth-type mineral rocks to all other extraterrestrial bodies (not as the Earth (geo)-centered materials as used in
the astronomical scale previously).

Summary: The following data are summarized in this study. 1) Solid materials of all Celestial bodies on the Solar
System are discussed on the solid data from the Earth’s definition relatively to the extraterrestrial Celestial bodies. 2) All
mineral crystals on Earth are defined with X-ray determination and chemical composition with its occurrence on the material
database, though basic definition of extraterrestrial sample is not enough to be defined from less crystalline rocks. 3) The
Earth’s minerals show absolutely huge numbers of mineral species, well differentiated minerals, various Earth’s sedimentary
process, and various mineral deposits of carbon-bearing grains. 4) Carbon-bearing grains show various grains, texture andcompounds which are indicators of the detailed formation process on each Celestial body including the Hayabusa samples. 5)
The material data of the samples might indicate that all material data of mineral and rock are different from the Celestialbodies of the Solar System.
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