INTRODUCTORY NOTE
It is with pride that the Asia and Far East Institute for the Preventionof Crime and the Treatment of Offenders (UNAFEI) offers to theinternational community the Resource Material Series No. 56.
This volume contains the work produced in two UNAFEI
international training programmes: the 112th International Training
Course (conducted from 12 April to 2 July 1999) and the 113th
International Training Course (conducted from 30 August to 18 November1999). The main themes of these courses were “Participation of the Public
and Victims for More Fair and Effective Criminal Justice Administration”,
and “The Effective Administration of Criminal Justice for the Preventionof Corrupt Activities by Public Officials”, respectively.
As an affiliated regional institute of the United Nations, UNAFEI
has paid utmost attention to the priority themes identified by the UN
Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice. Moreover,UNAFEI has been taking up these issues as the main themes and topics
for its training courses and seminars. The above-mentioned themes ofthe 112th and 113th International Training Courses were decided undersuch a consideration. Community involvement in crime prevention, as
well as accountability and fairness for offenders and victims in the criminal
justice process, were substantive agenda items and workshop topics atthe Tenth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and theTreatment of Offenders, which was held in Vienna from 10 to 17 April
2000. The 112th UNAFEI Course explored measures to enhance theparticipation of the public and victims for more fair and effective criminal
justice administration in the participating countries. Similarly, combating
corruption was also one of the workshop topics at the Tenth United Nations
Congress. In light of the fact that corruption is becoming transnational
in character, and it is a primary tool of organized crime, participants of
the 113th Course introduced their countries’ experiences regarding
corruption, analyzed the causes and dynamics of corruption, and sought
concrete measures for its eradication.
In this issue, papers contributed by visiting experts, selected individual
presentation papers from among Course participants, and reports of eachvii

Course are published. I regret that not all the papers submitted by Course
participants could be published. Also, I must request the understandingof the selected authors for not having sufficient time to refer themanuscripts back to them before publication.
I would like to pay tribute to the contributions of the Government ofJapan, particularly the Ministry of Justice and the Japan International
Cooperation Agency, and to the Asia Crime Prevention Foundation forproviding indispensable and unwavering support to the UNAFEI
international training programmes.
Finally, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all who sounselfishly assisted in the publication of this series, in particular, theeditors of Resource Material Series No. 56, Mr. Hiroshi Iitsuka (Chief ofTraining Division) and Ms. Rebecca Findlay-Debeck (Linguistic Adviser),who so tirelessly dedicated themselves to this series.
March 2000

Mikinao Kitada
Director of UNAFEIviii