UNFCCC COP25 ITTO/FFPRI Side Event“Forest-based solutions in the tropics for combatingclimate change and achieving the SDGs”

Adaptation and mitigation
practices in the forest sector:
beyond REDD+December 11, 2019

Dr. Tamotsu Sato
REDD R&D Center, FFPRI, Japan1

Mitigation and Adaptation
Mitigation

Adaptation

Reducing GHG emissions, enhancing
GHG sink strength

Reducing vulnerability, enhancing
adaptive capacity

Long-term focus on avoiding future
impactStart with focus on current variability

Global-scale cross-sectoral effort
needed for effectiveness

Local-scale cross-sectoral effort
needed for effectiveness

Local/ (sub) national nesting andcollaboration needed(Sub) national /global collaborationneededREDD+, CDM

Ecosystem-based adaptation, ...

Duguma et al. 2014
2Mitigation Practice in Forest Sector• Curbing deforestation is a highly cost-effective way of
reducing greenhouse gas emissions (IPCC 2007, 2015)• REDD+ (“Reducing Emissions from Deforestation andForest Degradation and the Role of Conservation,
Sustainable Management of Forests and Enhancement ofForest Carbon Stocks in Developing Countries”) is a key
strategy in mitigating climate change3Mitigation and Adaptation: Linkage• “Forest mitigation projects can have positive impacts on local
livelihoods and their adaptive capacity.”• “Adaptation projects can directly affect ecosystems and carbon
stocks, thus having an impact on mitigation.”
Referred from Locatelli 2011

• “Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) is the use of biodiversity
and ecosystem services as part of an overall adaptation
strategy to help people to adapt to the adverse effects ofclimate change.”
Referred from SCBD 20094

Ecosystem-based Adaptation“Ecosystem-based adaptation aims to maintain and increase
the resilience and reduce the vulnerability of ecosystems andpeople in the face of the adverse effects of climate change.”(SCBD 2009)• Maintenance and/or restoration of mangroves and other coastalwetlands reduce coastal flooding and coastal erosion• Sustainable management of upland wetlands and floodplains maintenance of water flow and quality• Conservation and restoration of forests
 stabilize land slopes and regulate water flows

5Adaptation in Forestry Practice
Tropical forestry practices can contribute to maintaining or
enhancing the adaptive capacity
Actions by forest management types
Approach

Natural forest
management based on
selective logging

Tree plantations

Facilitating adaptive
capacity of tree species

Maximize juvenile andreproductive population
size

Implement appropriate
species selection

Silvicultural andmanagement approaches

Minimize levels of slash
through reduced impact
logging

Plant mixtures of species

Guariguta et al. 20086

High Productivity - High Diversity

degradationenrichment• Positive relationship between productivity and tree species diversity• Imply negative effect of biodiversity loss on forest productivity• Potential benefits from transition of monocultures to mixed-species stands inforestry practices
Liang et al. 20167Trajectory of Ecosystem Service
Timber(Provisioning service)
Carbon(Regulatingservice)

Spatial priority of conservationdiffer among ecosystem services

Intensive use as
plantation

Urban

Degraded

Intensive

Light use

NaturalExtensive use as
secondary coppice forest

Extensive

Food and Others(Provisioning service)Less regulating services
From timber to regulating
Referred from Locatelli et al. (2017). Adjustments to the model by Braad and Ten Brink (2008) andDe Groot (2010).
8Conclusions• Mitigation and adaptation measures in forest sector interact
with each other.
• According to the biodiversity-productivity relationships,
biodiversity conservation would be important to maintain
forest carbon sink.
• Because land use intensity influence the supply of ecosystemservices, local and landscape strategy (e.g. land sparing)
would be important to ensure reducing negative impacts
from climate change.

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