රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-7➨ 㸵 ❶            රᗜ┴࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢽ࣍ࣥ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢᇶᮏⓗ⦾Ṫ≉ᛶ㎷ ▱㤶 ࣭ᶓᒣ┿ᘪ せ Ⅼ
࣭ 2004 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2013 ᖺ࡟཰㞟ࡋࡓᤕ⋓ಶయࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊዷፎ⋡ࠊึᅇዷፎᖺ㱋ࠊᖹᆒ⫾Ꮚᩘࠊ⦾Ṫ᫬ᮇࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋ࣭ ዷፎ⋡ࡣࠊ0 ṓ⩌ 8.8%ࠊ 1 ṓ⩌ 84.2%ࠊ2+ṓ⩌ 96.1%࡜⟬ฟࡉࢀࠊ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ࡛
ࡣ 0 ṓ࡛ࡶዷፎྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ2 ṓ௨ୖ࡛ࡣ࡯ࡰẖᖺዷፎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ࣭ ᖹᆒ⫾Ꮚᩘࡣࠊ0㹼1 ṓ⩌࡛ࡣ 2.40±1.14 㢌ࠊ2+ṓ⩌࡛ࡣࠊ4.26±1.41 㢌࡜⟬ฟࡉࢀࠊ㱋༊ศ㛫࡛᭷ព࡟␗࡞ࡗࡓࠋ࣭ ⦾Ṫ᫬ᮇࡣࠊཷ⫾᫬ᮇࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࢆ 1 ᭶ୗ᪪ࠊฟ⏘᫬ᮇࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࢆ 6 ᭶ୖ᪪ࡍࡿࠊ
1 ᖺ 1 ⏘ࡢ᫂░࡞Ꮨ⠇ᛶࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋཷ⫾࡜ฟ⏘᫬ᮇ࡟ࡣࠊ⣙ 5 ࠿᭶ࡢኚ␗ᖜࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ࣭ රᗜ┴࡟⏕ᜥࡍࡿ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡣࠊ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡢಶయࡢึᅇዷፎᖺ㱋ࡀ 1 ṓ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ
2 ṓ௨ୖࡢ࣓ࢫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣẖᖺᖹᆒ 4 㢌ࡢᏊࢆዷፎࡍࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊࡁࢃࡵ࡚㧗࠸⦾Ṫຊࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ



Key words 㸸 ዷፎ⋡ࠊึᅇዷፎᖺ㱋ࠊᖹᆒ⫾Ꮚᩘࠊཷ⫾᫬ᮇ࣭ฟ⏘᫬ᮇࠊᤕ⋓ಶయศᯒ㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟㔝⏕ື≀ࡢዷፎ⋡ࠊึᅇዷፎᖺ㱋ࠊ⫾Ꮚᩘ࡜࠸࠺ᇶᮏⓗ࡞⦾Ṫ≉ᛶࡣࠊಶయ⩌ືែࡢᢕᥱ࡟୙ྍḞ࡞᝟ሗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Bailey 1984; ㎷ 2013㸧ࠋࡲࡓ⦾Ṫ᫬ᮇࡣࠊຠᯝⓗ࡟ಶయᩘ⟶⌮ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵࡢᤕ⋓᫬ᮇࡢỴᐃࠊ㐺ษ࡞ㄪᰝ᫬ᮇࡢタᐃ࡟᭷⏝࡞᝟ሗ࡛࠶
ࡿ㸦Apollonio et al. 2011; Fonceca et al. 2011㸧ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࡇࢀࡽ 4 ࡘࡢ⦾Ṫ≉ᛶࡣࠊಶయ⩌ࡢᰤ㣴≧ែࡸ⏕ᜥ⎔ቃࡢኚືࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿࡓࡵࠊಶయ⩌ࡢ೺඲ᛶࢆホ౯ࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡶ㔜せ࡞ᣦᶆ࡜࡞ࡿ㸦Kaji 1988; ୰ᮧ࡯࠿ 2010㸧ࠋࢽ࣍ࣥ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ㸦Sus scrofa leucomystax㸹௨ୗ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ࡜⾲グ㸧ࡣࠊ᭷ྐ௨๓࠿ࡽ
᪥ᮏ࡟⏕ᜥࡋࠊே࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࡀ῝࠸ື≀࡛࠶ࡿ㸦㎷ 2013㸹ᶓᒣ 2014㸧ࠋࡑࢀ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿
ࢃࡽࡎࠊ⏕ែࡢゎ᫂ࡣᮍࡔ࡟༑ศ࡛࡞࠸ࠋ࡜ࡃ࡟⦾Ṫ᝟ሗࡣࠊᅜෆࡢ௚ࡢ⋇✀࠾ࡼࡧㅖእᅜࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ᴟࡵ࡚ஈࡋ࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⦾Ṫ᝟ሗࡣࠊ㣫⫱ಶయ㸦Ụཱྀ 2003㸧රᗜ┴᳃ᯘື≀◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࣭ රᗜ┴❧኱Ꮫ⮬↛࣭⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-7

ࡸࣈࢱ㸦Sus scrofa domesticus㸧ࡢ▱ぢࠊࡲࡓࡣ⊁⊟⪅㛫࡛ཷࡅ⥅ࡀࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ⤒㦂▱࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡀከ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㔝⏕ࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢ⏕⌮Ꮫⓗ≉ᛶࢆ༑ศ࡟཯ᫎࡋ࡚ࡇ࡞
࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㏆ᖺࠊ⏕ᜥᇦࡢᣑ኱㸦⎔ቃ┬⮬↛ಖㆤᒁ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࢭࣥࢱ࣮ 2004㸧ࠊᤕ⋓ᩘࡸ㎰స≀⿕ᐖ㔠㢠ࡢቑຍ㸦⎔ቃ┬ 2010㸹㎰Ỉ┬ 2010㸧࡞࡝࠿ࡽࠊ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢಶయᩘ
ࡀ඲ᅜⓗ࡟ᛴቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᥎ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ௒ᚋࡢ⏕ᜥ࡜⿕ᐖࢆணࡍࡿୖ࡛ࠊ⦾Ṫ᝟ሗࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ࡜ࡃ࡟⟶⌮ࡢᇶ┙࡜࡞ࡿ⦾Ṫ᝟ሗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊዷፎ⋡ࠊึᅇዷፎᖺ㱋ࠊ⫾Ꮚᩘࠊ⦾Ṫ᫬ᮇࡢ᝟ሗᩚ⌮ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢ᝟ሗࡀஈࡋ࠸ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊྛ㡯┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚௨ୗࡢㄢ㢟ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎዷፎ⋡࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㐣ཤ࡟୙㐺ษ࡞᪉ἲ࡛㐣ᑠ⟬ฟࡉࢀ㸦ጜᓮ࣭
ᆏᗞ 2010㸧ࠊⓗ☜࡟⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓሗ࿌ࡀ 1 ౛㸦Tsuji et al. 2013㸧ࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋḟ࡟⫾Ꮚᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ1 ⭡࠶ࡓࡾᖹᆒ 4 㢌࡜࠸࠺ሗ࿌ࡀከ࠸ࡀ㸦Ụཱྀ 2003㸹ጜᓮ࡯࠿ 2009㸧ࠊ⫾Ꮚᩘࡢኚ␗ᖜࡀ⏕ࡌࡿせᅉࡣ୙࡛᫂࠶ࡾࠊᤕ⋓ࡢ⌧ሙ࡛ࡣࠊ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚ 1ᅇ࡟ 10 㢌⏘ࡴ࡜࠸࠺ㄆ㆑ࡀṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟⦾Ṫ᫬ᮇ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡟෤࡟ዷፎࡋ᫓࡟ฟ⏘ࡍࡿ㸦Ụཱྀ 2003㸧࡜࠸ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ⛅࡟ฟ⏕Ꮚ㸦࠸ࢃࡺࡿ࢘ࣜ࣎࢘㸧ࡀ┠ᧁࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊฟ⏘ࡣ᫓࡜⛅ࡢ 2 ᅇ⾜ࢃࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ㄆ㆑ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ฟ⏕᫬ᮇࡀ୍ᖺ୰Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿሗ࿌㸦ᑠᑎ࡯࠿
2012㸧ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ࡜ࡃ࡟᝟ሗࡀΰ஘ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
௨ୖࢆࡩࡲ࠼ࠊྛㄢ㢟ࡢゎỴ࡟ྥࡅ࡚ᶆᮏᩘࡀ඘ᐇࡋࡓරᗜ┴ࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊዷፎ⋡ࠊึᅇዷፎᖺ㱋ࠊ⫾Ꮚᩘࠊ⦾Ṫ᫬᫬ᮇࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓࠋᮦᩱ࡜᪉ἲ
ᮦᩱ࡜᪉ἲ
 2004 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2013 ᖺ࡟⊁⊟࠾ࡼࡧ᭷ᐖᤕ⋓࡟࡚ᤕ⋓ࡉࢀࡓ࣓ࢫ 107 㢌ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
ᑐ㇟ಶయ࠿ࡽࡣࠊ༸ᕢࠊ⬇࠾ࡼࡧ⫾Ꮚࠊୗ㢡ࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓࠋᑐ㇟ಶయࡢᖺ㱋ࢆୗ㢡ࡢṑࡢⴌฟ࡜஺᥮࠾ࡼࡧࠊ➨୍ᚋ⮻ṑࡢࢭ࣓ࣥࢺ㉁ᒙࡢᖺ㍯ᩘࡢ࢝࢘ࣥࢺ㸦Matschcke 1967;ᯘ࡯࠿ 1977; Boitani & Mattei 1992㸧࡟࡚Ỵᐃࡋࡓᚋࠊዷፎᖺ㱋ࡈ࡜࡟ 0 ṓ⩌ࠊ1 ṓ⩌ࠊ2㸩ṓ⩌ࡢ 3 ࡘࡢ⩌࡟ศ㢮ࡋࡓࠋዷፎ⋡࡜ึᅇዷፎᖺ㱋ࠊ⫾Ꮚᩘࠊ⦾Ṫ᫬ᮇࡣࠊ㐣ཤࡢሗ࿌ࢆඖ࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀ௨ୗࡢ᪉ἲ࡛⟬ฟࡋࡓࠋ࣭ዷፎ⋡࡜ึᅇዷፎᖺ㱋͐༸ᕢෆࡢዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨ࡜Ꮚᐑෆࡢ⬇࠾ࡼࡧ⫾Ꮚࡢ☜ㄆ࡟࡚⟬ฟࡋࡓ㸦Tsuji et al. 2013㸧ࠋ࣭⫾Ꮚᩘ͐Ꮚᐑෆࡢ⬇࠾ࡼࡧ⫾Ꮚࡢᩘࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋ⫾Ꮚࡢᛶูࡣࠊእ㒊⏕Ṫჾࢆほᐹࡋุ࡚ᐃࡋࡓ㸦Inomata et al.1993㸧ࠋ࣭⦾Ṫ᫬ᮇ͐⫾Ꮚయ㔜ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⫾㱋᥎ᐃᘧ㸦Tsuji et al. 2013㸧࡟࡚⫾㱋ࢆ⟬ฟࡋࠊಶయࡢṚஸ᪥࠿ࡽཷ⫾᫬ᮇ࡜ฟ⏘᫬ᮇࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓࠋ රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-7⤫ィฎ⌮ዷፎᖺ㱋⩌㛫ࡢዷፎ⋡ࡢᕪࡢ᭷↓ࡣࠊȮ2 ᳨ᐃᚋࠊBonferroni ἲ࡟ࡼࡾከ㔜ᛶࢆㄪᩚࡋุ࡚ᐃࡋࡓࠋዷፎᖺ㱋⩌㛫ࡢᖹᆒ⫾Ꮚᩘࡢẚ㍑࡟ࡣࠊMann-Whiteney ࡢ U ᳨ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ⫾Ꮚᛶẚࡢᕪࡢ᭷↓࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊȮ2 ᳨ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋཷ⫾᫬ᮇ࡜ฟ⏘᫬ᮇࡢእࢀ
್ࡢ᳨ฟࡣࠊSmirnov-Grubbs ᳨ᐃࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ඲࡚ࡢ᳨ᐃࡢ༴㝤⋡ࡣ 5%௨ୗ㸦p < 0.05㸧
࡜ࡋࡓࠋ⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹዷፎᖺ㱋⩌ࡈ࡜ᶆᮏᩘ
 0 ṓ⩌ࡣ 34 㢌ࠊ1 ṓ⩌ࡣ 19 㢌ࠊ2+ṓ⩌ࡣ 51 㢌ࠊୗ㢡ࡢᶆᮏࡀ࡞ࡃᖺ㱋୙᫂࡜࡞ࡗ
ࡓࡢࡀ 3 㢌࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ2+ṓ⩌ࡢዷፎᖺ㱋ᖜࡣࠊ2㹼11 ṓࡲ࡛☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋዷፎ⋡ ዷፎ⋡ࡣࠊ0 ṓ⩌࡛ࡣ 8.8%ࠊ 1 ṓ⩌࡛ࡣ 84.2%ࠊ2+ṓ⩌࡛ࡣ 96.1%࡜⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ㸯㸧
ࠋ࡞࠾ 1 ṓ⩌࡜ 2+ṓ⩌ࡢዷፎ⋡࡟᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸦p > 0.05㸧ࠋᅗ  ዷፎᖺ㱋㒆ูࡢዷፎ⋡௒ᅇࡢ⤖ᯝࡼࡾࠊ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡣ 0 ṓ࡛ࡶዷፎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣᮏ◊✲࡟㝈ࡽࡎࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡞࡝ᾏእࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸦Fonseca etal. 2011㸧ࠊ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ࡜࠸࠺✀ࡢ≉ᚩ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࡑࡢ๭ྜࡣࠊᮏ◊✲ࡶ㐣ཤࡢሗ࿌ࡶ୍ᵝ࡟ప࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸦Fonseca et al. 2011; Gethöffer et al. 2007㸧
ࠊ0 ṓ࡛ࡢ
ዷፎࡣ୍⯡ⓗ࡟ࡣ㉳ࡇࡾ࡟ࡃ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ௒ᅇࡢ 0 ṓࡢዷፎಶయࡢయࢧ࢖ࢬࡣࠊྠ රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-7

᫬ᮇ࡟ᤕ⋓ࡉࢀࡓ 0 ṓࡢ㠀ዷፎಶయࡼࡾࡶ኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓࠋᾏእࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊึᮇᡂ㛗ࡢᮇ㛫࡟࠾ࡅࡿయ㔜ቑຍࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᛶᡂ⇍᫬ᮇ࡟ኚ␗ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ㸦Gaillardet al. 1992㸧ࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᛶᡂ⇍࡟⮳ࡿ࡟ࡣ୍ᐃࡢయ㔜࡟㐩ࡍࡿᚲせᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢሗ࿌ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸦Gethöffer et al. 2007㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡽࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ௒ᅇࡢ 0 ṓዷፎࡢせᅉࡢ 1 ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᙜヱಶయࡀ㏻ᖖࡼࡾࡶึᮇᡂ㛗ࡀⰋዲ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᛶᡂ⇍ࡀ᪩ࡲࡾዷፎ࡟⮳ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋึᮇᡂ㛗᫬ࡢయ㔜ቑຍ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㣗≀㈨※㔞ࠊ࡜ࡃ࡟⛅Ꮨࡢ୺せ࡞㣗≀࡛࠶ࡿሀᯝ㢮㸦ᑠᑎ࡯࠿ 2001㸧ࡢ⏕⏘㔞ࡀᣲࡆ
ࡽࢀࡿ㸦Matschke 1964; Mauget 1982㸧ࠋරᗜ┴࡛ࡣࣈࢼ⛉ሀᯝ㢮ࡢ㇏ปࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦⸨ᮌ࡯࠿ 2011㸧ࠊ㇏ป࡜ 0 ṓዷፎಶయࡢฟ⌧࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚௒ᚋ᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ0 ṓࡢዷፎ⋡࡟ẚ࡭࡚ 1 ṓࡢዷፎ⋡ࡣᛴ⃭࡟㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸦ᅗ㸯㸧ࠊከࡃࡢ࢖
ࣀࢩࢩࡢึᅇዷፎᖺ㱋ࡣ 1 ṓ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ࣓ࢫࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡢᛶᡂ⇍᫬ᮇࡀ 1 ṓࡢ෤࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜㸦㎷ 2013㸧࡟ࡶ୍⮴ࡋࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᛶᡂ⇍࡟㐩ࡋࡓᖺࡢ⦾Ṫ᫬ᮇ࡟ึᅇዷፎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
2 ṓ௨ୖࡢಶయࡢዷፎ⋡ࡀ 100%࡟㏆࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࠊࡇࡢ୰࡟ࡣ 2㹼11 ṓࡲ࡛ࡢዷፎಶ
యࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢศᯒಶయࡣᩘᖺ㛫⥅⥆ࡋ࡚཰㞟ࡉࢀࡓಶయ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜
ࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ2 ṓ௨ୖࡢಶయࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡀẖᖺዷፎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢዷፎ⋡ࡢ㧗ࡉࡣࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ࡜ࡶ୍⮴ࡋ㸦Fonseca et al. 2004; Fonseca et al.
2011㸧ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᡂ⋇࣓ࢫࡣࡁࢃࡵ࡚㧗࠸⦾Ṫຊࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿
࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ᭱኱ዷፎᖺ㱋ࡣ 11 ṓ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ㔝እࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢᑑ࿨ࡀ 12㹼13 ṓ㸦Jezierski 1977㸧࡜ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᑑ࿨㏆ࡃࡲ࡛ዷፎྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ⫾Ꮚᩘ࡜ᛶẚศᯒಶయ 107 㢌ࡢ࠺ࡕዷፎಶయࡣ 46 㢌࡛࠶ࡾࠊᚓࡽࢀࡓ⬇ࡶࡋࡃࡣ⫾Ꮚࡣィ 180 㢌࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
1 ⭡࠶ࡓࡾࡢ⫾Ꮚᩘࡣ 1㹼7 㢌࡛ࠊ4 㢌ࡀ᭱ࡶከ࠿ࡗࡓࠋዷፎᖺ㱋⩌ࡈ࡜࡟ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ0㹼1 ṓ⩌ࡢ⫾Ꮚᩘࡣ 1㹼4 㢌ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡟཰ࡲࡗࡓࠋ୍᪉ࠊ2+ṓ⩌࡛ࡣ 2㹼7 㢌࡜ኚ␗ᖜࡀ
኱ࡁࡃࠊ⫾Ꮚᩘࡶከ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ㸰㸧ࠋ
0㹼1 ṓ⩌ࡢᖹᆒ⫾Ꮚᩘࡣ 2.40±1.14 㢌㸦N=5㸧
ࠊ2+ṓ⩌ࡢᖹᆒ⫾Ꮚᩘࡣࠊ4.26±1.41
㢌㸦N=38㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊ2 ⩌㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ᕪࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ㸦p < 0.05㸧ࠋ඲యࡢᖹᆒ⫾Ꮚᩘࡣࠊ
4.07±1.45 㢌࡜⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓ㸦⾲㸯㸧ࠋ රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-7

ᅗ ୍⭡࠶ࡓࡾࡢ⫾Ꮚᩘࡢ㢖ᗘศᕸ⾲  ዷፎᖺ㱋ูࡢᖹᆒ⫾Ꮚᩘዷፎᖺ㱋

1ᖹᆒ⫾Ꮚᩘ ṓsṓsᖺ㱋୙᫂sྜィs

රᗜ┴ࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢ⫾Ꮚᩘࡣ᭱኱ 7 㢌࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ㸰㸧ࠋᮏ◊✲ࡢᑐ㇟ಶయ࡛ࡣࠊ᤼༸ᩘ⮬యࡶ౛እࢆ㝖ࡃ࡜᭱኱ 8 ಶ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㎷ ᮍⓎ⾲㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊᅜෆࡢ௚ᆅᇦ࡛ࡢሗ࿌࡛ࡶ⫾Ꮚᩘࡣ᭱኱ 9 㢌࡛࠶ࡾ㸦ጜᓮ࡯࠿ 2009㸧ࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢሗ
࿌࡛ࡶ 10 㢌௨ୖࡢ౛ࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸦Fonseca et al. 2004; Bywater et al. 2010㸧ࠋ௨ୖࡢ᰿ᣐ࠿ࡽࠊ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢ 1 ⭡࠶ࡓࡾࡢ⏘Ꮚᩘࡀ 10 㢌ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣᴟࡵ࡚పࡃࠊ
⌧ሙ࡛ࡢㄆ㆑࡜ᮏ᮶ࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢ⦾Ṫ≉ᛶ࡟ࡣ┦㐪ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ᖹᆒ⫾Ꮚᩘࡣ඲య࡛ࡣ 4.07±1.45 㢌࡜࡞ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛࠸ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ 4㹼5 㢌㸦Ụཱྀ
2003㸹ጜᓮ࡯࠿ 2009㸧ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡟཰ࡲࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊዷፎᖺ㱋⩌࡛༊ศࡍࡿ࡜ 0㹼1 ṓ⩌࡜ 2+ṓ⩌㛫࡛᭷ព࡟␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸦⾲㸯㸧ࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡼࡾࠊᖺ㱋ࢆ༊ูࡏࡎ࡟⫾Ꮚᩘࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓሙྜࠊศᯒಶయࡢᖺ㱋ࡢ೫ࡾࡢ⛬ᗘ࡛඲యࡢᖹᆒ್ࡀኚືࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋᐇ㝿࡟ Fernandez-Llario & Mateos-Quesada㸦1998㸧ࡣࠊศᯒࡍ
ࡿᶆᮏࡀⱝ㱋࡟೫ࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ඲యࡢᖹᆒ⫾Ꮚᩘࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡼࡾṇ☜࡟࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢ⦾Ṫ≉ᛶࢆ཯ᫎࡋࡓᖹᆒ⫾Ꮚᩘࢆ⟬ฟࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ᭱ప㝈࡛ࡶึ⏘ಶయࡢከ࠸ 0㹼1 ṓ⩌࡜ 2+ṓ⩌࡟ᖺ㱋ࢆ༊ูࡋ࡚⟬ฟࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲ࡼࡾࠊዷፎᖺ㱋ࡀࠊ⫾Ꮚᩘࡢኚ␗ᖜࡢⓎ⏕࡟኱ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-7

ࡗࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋᶆᮏᩘࡢ୙㊊࡟ࡼࡾࠊຍ㱋࡜⫾Ꮚᩘࡢ㛵ಀࡣ᳨ウ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ௒ᚋ
ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ௚ࡢせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡛ࡣࠊ⫾Ꮚᩘࡀᆅᇦ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡾࠊ
⏕ᜥᆅࡢ⦋ᗘࡀ㧗࠸࡯࡝⫾Ꮚᩘࡀከࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜㸦Bywater et al. 2010㸧࡞࡝ࡶ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⌧ᅾࠊ᪥ᮏᅜෆࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢ⏕ᜥᇦࡣ໭ୖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦⎔ቃ┬⮬↛ಖㆤᒁ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࢭࣥࢱ࣮ 2004㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᆅᇦࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢศᕸࡣࠊᒣ㛫㒊࠿ࡽ㒔ᕷ㒊ࡲ࡛ከᵝ࡞⎔ቃ࡟ᗈࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ศᕸᣑ኱ᆅᇦࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢ⫾Ꮚᩘࢆẚ㍑
ࡋࠊᆅᇦⓗ࡞ኚ␗ᖜࡢ᭷↓ࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊቑຍ⋡ࡢホ౯ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
㞤㞝ุูࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ⫾Ꮚࡣࠊ180 㢌୰ 164 㢌࡛ࠊࡑࡢẚ⋡ࡣ࢜ࢫ㸸࣓ࢫ㸻1㸸1.22㸦࢜ࢫ 74 㢌ࠊ࣓ࢫ 90 㢌㸧࡜࡞ࡾࠊ㞤㞝ᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ 㸦df=1ࠊȮ2=0.78ࠊp > 0.05㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡼࡾ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡣࠊฟ⏕᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡣ㞤㞝ࡢ๭ྜࡣᆒ➼࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋཷ⫾ᮇ࣭ฟ⏘ᮇࡢ⟬ฟཷ⫾᫬ᮇࡣ 11 ᭶୰᪪࠿ࡽ 3 ᭶୰᪪ࡢᮇ㛫࡟࠶ࡾࠊ1 ᭶ୗ᪪ࢆࣆ࣮ࢡ࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋ1 ౛ࡢࡳ 5 ᭶୰᪪࡜⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ㸱㸧ࠋฟ⏘᫬ᮇࡣ 3 ᭶୰᪪࠿ࡽ 7 ᭶୰᪪ࡢᮇ㛫࡟࠶
ࡾࠊ6 ᭶ୖ᪪ࢆࣆ࣮ࢡ࡜ࡋࡓࠋྠᵝ࡟ 1 ౛ࡢࡳ 9 ᭶୰᪪࡜⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓࠋ5 ᭶୰᪪࡟ཷ⫾ࡋ 9 ᭶୰᪪࡟ฟ⏘ࡍࡿ࡜᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡓ 1 ౛ࡣࠊ እࢀ್࡜ุᐃࡉࢀࡓ㸦p < 0.05㸧ࠋࡇࡢ 1౛ࢆ㝖ࡁࠊཷ⫾᪥୰ኸ್ࡣ 1 ᭶ 28 ᪥ࠊฟ⏘᪥୰ኸ್ࡣ 5 ᭶ 25 ᪥࡜⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ㸱㸧ࠋᅗ  ཷ⫾᫬ᮇ࡜ฟ⏘᫬ᮇࡢศᕸරᗜ┴ࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡣࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡟෤࡟ዷፎࡋࠊ᫓࡟ฟ⏘ࡍࡿ 1 ᖺ࡟ 1 ⏘ࡢ᫂░࡞Ꮨ⠇⦾Ṫᛶࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛᪥ᮏࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢཷ⫾᫬ᮇࡣࠊ12㹼1 ᭶㸦⚄ᓮ 1993㸧ࠊฟ⏘᫬ᮇࡣ 4㹼5 ᭶ 㸦ᯘ࡯࠿ 1977㸧࡜࠸ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ⫾㱋᥎ᐃ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ศᯒࡋࡓᮏ◊✲࡟࡚ࠊරᗜ┴ࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡣࡑࢀࡼࡾࡶ 1 ࠿᭶⛬ᗘ㐜࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ
࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋཷ⫾࣭ฟ⏘᫬ᮇ࡟ࡣࠊ᫂░࡞ࣆ࣮ࢡࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊ⣙ 5 ࢝᭶㛫ࡢࡤࡽࡘࡁࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࠋྠᵝࡢ⌧㇟ࡣࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ࡛ࡶሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ 㸦Mauget රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-71982; Fonseca et al. 2011㸧ࠊ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢ≉ᚩ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⦾Ṫ᫬ᮇࡢኚ␗ᖜࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ
♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ࡛ࡣࠊዷፎᖺ㱋ࡀప࠸࡯࡝ཷ⫾࣭ฟ⏘᫬ᮇࡀ㐜࠸ࡇ࡜ࠊ⛅ࡢ㣗≀㈨※㔞ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⏕ᜥᆅࡢ⦋ᗘࡀప࠸⎔ቃ࡯࡝ኚ␗ᖜࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸦Matschke 1964; Mauget 1982; Fonseca et al. 2004㸧ࡘࡲࡾࠊ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡣᵝࠎ࡞せᅉ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ࠊ⦾Ṫ᫬ᮇࡢኚ␗ᖜࢆኚ࠼ࡿᰂ㌾ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜᥎ᐹࡉ
ࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊᅜෆࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ௒ᚋᆅᇦࡈ࡜࡟᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊዷፎಶయࡢ୰࡛ 1 ౛ࡢࡳࠊ5 ᭶ࡢ୰᪪࡟ཷ⫾ࡋ 9 ᭶ࡢ୰᪪࡟ฟ⏘ࡍࡿ࡜᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ㸱㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ㐣ཤࡢᩥ⊩࡟࡚㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⛅ฟ⏘࡟ヱᙜࡍࡿ 㸦⚄ᓮ
1993㸹Ụཱྀ 2003㸧
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