ISSN 1020-914X

UNAFEI

NEWSLETTER
UNAFEI

UNITED NATIONS ASIA AND FAR EASTINSTITUTE FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRIME
AND THE TREATMENT OF OFFENDERS

No. 156
June 2018

Established1961
IN THIS ISSUE

Page

LETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR

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THE 169TH INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COURSE3CRIMINAL JUSTICE PRACTICES AGAINST ILLICIT DRUG TRAFFICKING
Course Rationale
Course Summary
Lecture Topics
Individual Presentation Topics
Group Workshop Sessions
Observation Visits
Group Study Tours
Special Events
Reference Materials
Expert and Participant List

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INFORMATION ABOUT FORTHCOMING PROGRAMMESThe Follow-up Seminar of the Third Country Training Programme for the Development of Effective
Community-Based Treatment of Offenders in the CLMV Countries
The 170th International Training Course
The 21st UNAFEI UNCAC Training Programme

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ADMINISTRATIVE NEWS
Faculty Changes

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FACULTY AND STAFF OF UNAFEI

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UNAFEI IS AN AFFILIATED REGIONAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNITED NATIONS

2-1-18, MOKUSEINOMORI, AKISHIMA, TOKYO 196-8570, JAPANTEL: 81-42-500-5100 ◆ FAX: 81-42-500-5195 ◆ E-MAIL: unafei@i.moj.go.jp
HOME PAGE: http://www.unafei.or.jp/english/

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LETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR
It is my privilege to inform readers of the successful completion of the 169th
International Training Course on “Criminal Justice Practices against Illicit Drug Trafficking”,
which took place from 9 May to 14 June 2018. In this Course, we welcomed 7 Japaneseparticipants and 24 overseas participants: 11 from Asia, 8 from Africa, 2 from Europe, 1 fromSouth America, 1 from Oceania, and 1 from the Caribbean. The participants included judges,
prosecutors, probation officers, police officers and other public officials involved in the fieldof crime prevention and criminal justice. As this newsletter demonstrates, the Course wasextremely productive. It consisted of lectures by visiting experts, ad hoc lecturers, UNAFEI
faculty members, individual presentations, visits to relevant criminal justice agencies, andgroup-workshop and plenary sessions.
One of the most serious global problems currently faced by criminal justice authorities
is illicit drug trafficking, which involves the cultivation, production, manufacture, distribution,
sales, delivery and possession of drugs and other illicit substances. Illicit drug trafficking not
only facilitates drug abuse, which itself is a serious problem, but also generates substantial
profits for organized criminal groups. These illicit profits fund such groups’ activities andstimulates their growth, and much of these profits infiltrate the legitimate business sphere andimpair the integrity and stability of legitimate economic and financial systems as a whole.
Even more troubling is the growing link between illicit drug trafficking and the financing ofinternational terrorism.
UNAFEI, as one of the institutes of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal
Justice Programme Network, held this Course to offer participants an opportunity to clarify
and analyse the current situation of illicit drug trafficking and organized crime in eachparticipating country and to explore more effective ways to disrupt them. Additionally, theparticipants were able to share experiences, gain knowledge, and build a human network ofcounterparts.
During the Course, the participants diligently and comprehensively examined the main
theme, primarily through a comparative analysis. The participants shared their own
experiences and knowledge of the issues and identified problems and areas in which
improvements could be made. With the academic and practical input from the visiting experts,
ad hoc lecturers and UNAFEI faculty—and the in-depth discussions they had with eachother—the participants are now better equipped to enhance the policies and practices related
to illicit drug trafficking in their respective countries.
I would like to offer my sincere congratulations to all of the participants upon theirsuccessful completion of the Course, made possible by their strenuous efforts. My heartfelt
gratitude goes out to the visiting experts and ad hoc lecturers who contributed a great deal to
the Course’s success. Furthermore, I appreciate the indispensable assistance and cooperation
extended to UNAFEI by various agencies and institutions that helped diversify the Course.
I would also like to express my great appreciation to the Japan International
Cooperation Agency (JICA) for its immeasurable support throughout the Course. At the sametime, a warm tribute must be paid to the Asia Crime Prevention Foundation (ACPF) and its
branch organizations for their substantial contributions to our activities. Lastly, I owe mygratitude to all the individuals whose unselfish efforts behind the scenes contributed

2significantly to the successful realization of this Course.
Upon returning to their home countries, I genuinely believe that, like their predecessors,
the strong determination and dedication of the participants will enable them to work towards
the improvement of their respective nations’ criminal justice systems, and towards the benefit
of international society as a whole.
Finally, I would like to reiterate my best regards to the participants of the 169th
International Training Course. I hope that the experience they gained during the Course
proves valuable in their daily work and that the bonds fostered among the participants, visiting
experts and UNAFEI staff will continue to grow for many years to come.
June 2018

Keisuke SENTA
Director, UNAFEI

3
THE 169TH INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COURSECRIMINAL JUSTICE PRACTICES AGAINST ILLICIT DRUG TRAFFICKING

Course Rationale
The main role of criminal justice in combating illicit drug trafficking is to identify eachcriminal act done by criminal organizations and criminals, and to punish individuals
depending on their degree of responsibility. Further, to disrupt and dismantle criminalorganizations, it is essential to identify, investigate, prosecute and punish high-value targets,that is, leaders of criminal organizations.
However, defining these targets is not easy because their identities are often carefully
concealed and their roles in criminal acts remain unclear. Further, even if these targets aredefined, many criminals refuse to provide information on the involvement of such high-value
targets, and even if they do, many of them hesitate to testify in court for fear of retaliation.
Therefore, in the course of investigation and prosecution, criminal justice agencies should
endeavour to overcome these difficulties, making full use of measures adopted by national
legislation, which should be in line with standards established by international conventions.
More specifically, during the investigation stage, to identify high-value targets, it isnecessary for investigators to first gather background information and evidence through their
daily activities in reaction to a single or limited episode of crime. When involvement of anorganized criminal group is suspected, intensive collection and analysis of information andevidence should be conducted in order to uncover the entire structure of the group, its financesand relationships with other criminal groups. Then, the identities and whereabouts of the core
members of the group may be revealed. Only through these persistent investigative efforts
will the important elements of the crime become clear, such as who is to be arrested, which
conduct should be the focus of the prosecution, and which laws are to be applied. Some
investigative techniques, such as utilization of informants, controlled delivery, electronic
surveillance and undercover operations, can be effective measures to identify high-value
targets and collect evidence on their involvement in specific criminal conduct.
At the prosecution and trial stages, to prosecute and punish high-value targets it isnecessary for prosecutors and magistrates to ensure that key witnesses, including accomplices
and organized group members, give testimony. Tools such as immunity from prosecution in
exchange for testimony and protection of witnesses are useful in this regard.
In dealing with illicit drug trafficking, it should be emphasized that it is essential todeprive the perpetrators of their illicit proceeds and any property derived from them. Because
criminal organizations conduct illicit acts and attract members with their financial power,
criminal organizations can be dismantled effectively by depriving them of their assets.
Therefore, identifying illicit proceeds, and eventually depriving criminal organizations of theirassets, is also important to disrupting them. To achieve this goal, it is critical to conduct
thorough financial investigation and make full use of the anti-money-laundering regime. In
many jurisdictions there are several measures for depriving illicit assets such as confiscation(including criminal/civil forfeiture, equivalent-value confiscation and conviction-based/non-4conviction-based confiscation), and it is important to explore which measures are mosteffective for enforcement.
Multi-agency cooperation and coordination are also crucial to combating illicit drugtrafficking. Customs, border control and immigration authorities often detect drug offences in
the course of their duties. The information and evidence obtained are very important forinvestigation and prosecution because they show how the illicit drug was found and how thecriminals behaved at that time, thus clarifying the situation of the possession anddemonstrating the illicit intention of the criminals.
Moreover, in some jurisdictions there are specialized agencies for drug control, which
may have the authority for investigation, prosecution or judicial/quasi-judicial decisionmaking as well as for others such as policy-making, intelligence, regulatory supervision andrehabilitation. Since there may be an overlap in the investigative/prosecutorial or other powers
between such specialized agencies and usual criminal justice agencies, adequate practices for
coordination and cooperation, including information sharing, should be effectively in place.
Also, given that such specialized agencies have extensive expertise and information on drugrelated issues, as well as on specific incidents, criminal justice agencies can benefit fromsharing information and cooperating in investigation, prosecution and adjudication.
Furthermore, since financial intelligence units (FIUs) obtain useful financial
information, such as money flow and the whereabouts of the assets of criminals and organizedcriminal groups, sharing of information with FIUs is necessary to adequately punish criminals
and to deprive them of their illicit proceeds. Because illicit drug trafficking and laundering of
its proceeds have an inherently global nature, harmonization of countermeasures andinternational cooperation are indispensable. Therefore, information exchange mechanisms,
mutual legal assistance and extradition are also important to disrupt it.
In addition, investigation, prosecution and adjudication must respect due process of law.
Balancing the necessity to punish individuals and confiscate illicit proceeds, while protecting
the rights of the suspects/defendants, must be kept in mind throughout the procedure.
Key Topics of the Programme
The following are key topics that were addressed during the program me:
1)

Current situation of illicit drug trafficking• Prevalent criminal acts related to illicit drug trafficking (as well as the types ofdrugs/substances involved, trafficking routes, and other recent trends);• Available statistics, case examples, etc.

2)

Legal framework and available measures to combat illicit drug trafficking• Criminalization of illicit drug trafficking• Controlled delivery• Utilization of informants• Electronic surveillance, communications interception, etc.
• Undercover operations• Immunity in exchange for testimony• Protection of witnesses (both at the investigative stage and the trial stage)• Proving intent in trafficking and possession cases

53)

Confiscation of the proceeds of illicit drug trafficking• Available measures, such as criminal/civil forfeiture, “equivalent-value” confiscationand other related procedures, including procedures for freezing or seizing criminal
proceeds• Applicability of statutory presumptions (disproportionate/unexplained wealth) to illicit
drug trafficking cases• Anti-money-laundering measures

4)

Legal impediments and practical challenges in combating illicit drug trafficking• Impediments/challenges in the investigation, prosecution and adjudication ofindividuals• Impediments/challenges in confiscating proceeds of crime

5)Multi-agency cooperation and coordination• Immigration, border control and customs• Specialized agencies for drug control• FIUs and financial institutions

6)

International cooperation• Information exchange• Mutual legal assistance• Extradition• Joint investigation and border control

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Course Summary
Lectures
During the Course, the participants attended 48 lectures, including 6 presented by thevisiting experts, 5 by ad hoc lecturers and 6 by the faculty of UNAFEI. Three distinguishedcriminal justice practitioners served as UNAFEI’s visiting experts. They lectured on issues
relating to the main theme of the Course and contributed significantly beyond their lectures byencouraging discussions after their lectures, participating in the discussions of otherprogrammes, and conversing with the participants on informal occasions. Additionally, the ad
hoc lectures were delivered by five Japanese practitioners from the National Police Agency,
the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the Ministry of Finance, the Japan Coast Guard,
and the Tokyo District Public Prosecutors Office. The lecturers and lecture topics are listed on
pages 7 to 8.
Individual Presentations
During the second week of the Course, all participants delivered individual presentations
which introduced the situation, problems and future prospects of the participants’ countries.
These papers were compiled onto a USB memory stick and distributed to all the participants.
The titles of these individual presentation papers are listed on pages 9 to 11.
Group Workshop Sessions
Group workshop sessions provided the participants with the opportunity to further
examine the sub-topics of the main theme. In order to conduct each session effectively, the
UNAFEI faculty selected individuals to serve as group members for the sub-topics, based on
their responses to a previously distributed questionnaire. Selected participants served aschairpersons, co-chairpersons, rapporteurs or co-rapporteurs, and faculty members served asadvisers. Each group’s primary responsibility was to explore and develop their designated
topics in the group workshop sessions. The participants and UNAFEI faculty studied the
topics and exchanged their views based on information obtained through personal experience,
the individual presentations, lectures and so forth. After the group workshop sessions, reports
were drafted based on the discussions in their groups. These reports were subsequently
presented in the plenary report-back session, where they were endorsed as the reports of the
Course. Brief summaries of the group workshop reports are provided on pages 12 to 14.
Visits and Special Events
Visits to various agencies and institutions in Japan helped the participants obtain a morepractical understanding of the Japanese criminal justice system. In addition to the Course’s
academic agenda, many activities were arranged to provide a greater understanding ofJapanese society and culture, with the assistance of various organizations and individuals,
including the Asia Crime Prevention Foundation (ACPF). For more detailed descriptions,please refer to pages 15 to 17.

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Lecture Topics
Visiting Experts’ Lectures
1)

Mr. Wasawat CHAWALITTHAMRONG• Undercover Operation and Case Study2)

Mr. Greg Matthew Millard• The Current Drug Situation in the United States of America• DEA Investigations

3)

Mr. Celso Eduardo Faria Coracini• Global Situation of Illicit Drug Cultivation, Production and Trafficking• Main Requirements of the International Drug Control System: Focus on Drug
Trafficking

UNAFEI Professors’ Lectures
1)

Mr. SENTA Keisuke, Director, UNAFEI• International Legal Cooperation in the Investigation of Drug Trafficking Cases

2)

Mr. YAMADA Masahiro, Professor, UNAFEI• Criminal Justice System in Japan: Overview, Investigation and Prosecution

3)

Mr. HIRANO Nozomu, Professor, UNAFEI• Criminal Justice System in Japan: Criminal Trials

4)

Mr. WATANABE Hiroyuki, Professor, UNAFEI• Community Corrections in Japan5)

Mr. FURUHASHI Takuya, Professor, UNAFEI• Penal Institutions: Overview, Organization and General Affairs, Treatment for
Inmates and UN Standards and Norms

6)

Mr. TSUJI Takanori, Police Superintendent, Adjunct Professor, UNAFEI• Criminal Justice System in Japan: Overview, Crime Situation, Activity of Japanese
Police and Drug Abuse

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Ad Hoc Lectures
1)

Mr. KANEKO Takayuki
Chief Inspector in charge of Drugs Investigation, Drugs and Firearms Division,
National Police Agency• Police Investigation of Drug-related Crimes in Japan2)

Mr. KAWASE Yasuharu
Head of the International Intelligence Division, Narcotics Control Department KantoShinetsu Regional Bureau, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare• Narcotics Control Department of Japan’s Measures to Fight against Drug-related
Crimes3)

Mr. WATANABE Yasuhisa
Customs and Tariff Bureau, Ministry of Finance, Japan• Anti-Drug Measures by Japan Customs

4)

Mr. ISOBE Koji
Deputy Director
International Investigation Division, Guard and Rescue Department, Japan Coast Guard• Japan Coast Guard’s Measures to Fight against Drug-related Crimes

5)

Mr. KIYONO Kenichi
Director-General
Trial Department, Tokyo District Public Prosecutors Office• Situation of Stimulant Smuggling to Japan ~ What we need to do to combat smugglingorganizations ~9Individual Presentation Topics
Overseas Participants
1)

Mr. Rodrigo LEITE PRADO (Brazil)• Addressing Challenges in Investigating Transnational Drug Trafficking: Three Real
Case Examples from Brazil

2)

Ms. Yasmine Nagnouma KEITA (Côte d’Ivoire)• Illicit Drug Trafficking in Côte d’Ivoire

3)

Mr. Maurice Kouadio N’DRI (Côte d’Ivoire)• Legal Framework and Available Measures to Combat Illicit Drug Trafficking in Côte
d’Ivoire4)

Ms. NKULU Mbayo Marie Claude (Democratic Republic of the Congo)• Report on the Congolese Criminal Justice System Focusing on Investigations,
Prosecutions, Execution and International Cooperation against Organized Crime:“The Fight Against Illicit Drug Trafficking”

5)

Ms. TSHIBOLA Mulumba Annie (Democratic Republic of the Congo)• Drug Consumption and Its Impacts on the Behaviour of the Delinquent in the
Democratic Republic of the Congo

6)

Mr. Mostafa Hicham Mohamed Osman ELBASTAWISSY (Egypt)• Legal Framework to Combat Illicit Drug Trafficking

7)

Mr. Mohamed Ahmed HABIB (Egypt)• Criminal Justice Practices against Illicit Drug Trafficking

8)

Ms. Maxine Tuedian BERNARD (Jamaica)• Current Situation of Illicit Drug Trafficking in Jamaica

9)

Ms. Aida Syeliza Binti ABDUL JALIL (Malaysia)• International Cooperation against Illicit Drug Trafficking

10)

Mr. Chandra Segaran SUBRAMANIAM (Malaysia)• Drug Laws in Malaysia: Whether the Drug Laws Have Been Effective in Curbing the
Drug Menace in Malaysia?

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11)

Mr. Modibo SACKO (Mali)• Specialized Agencies for Drug Control in Mali

12)

Mr. Cheick Sala SANGARE (Mali)• Criminal Justice (Focus on Investigation, Prosecution, Adjudication and International
Cooperation)

13)

Mr. Asghar ALI (Pakistan)• Narcotic Trafficking in Pakistan and Challenges Faced by Law Enforcement Agencies

14)

Mr. Ismail M. I. HAMMAD (Palestine)• Palestinian Case in Combating Drug Trafficking

15)

Mr. Augustus Apelis Mathew BRAY (Papua New Guinea)• Criminal Justice Practices in Papua New Guinea against Illicit Drug Trafficking

16)

Ms. Marie Catherine Reniva NOLASCO (Philippines)• Smuggling of Illicit Drugs Aided by Customs Players

17)

Mr. Roshan Wijesinghe GAMMANPILA IMIYAGE DON (Sri Lanka)• Countering Narcotic Drugs

18)

Mr. Palinda Prabhanthi Rashmi Edirisinghe Hewa SINGAPPULIGE (Sri Lanka)• Illicit Drug Trafficking in Sri Lanka

19)

Mr. Abdushukur Ibrohimjon IBROHIMZODA (Tajikistan)• Analysis of the Situation in the Field of Offences Associated with Drug Trafficking

20)

Mr. Khurshed Iskandar ISOZODA (Tajikistan)• The Legal Bases of Combating Illicit Drug Trafficking in the Republic of Tajikistan

21)

Mr. Nitchan HADSARANG (Thailand)• The Effectiveness of the Recent Amendment of the Narcotics Act and the Supreme
Court Decision about the Number of Offences in Narcotic Cases

22)

Mr. Valentyn SHMITKO (Ukraine)• Current Situation of Illicit Drug Trafficking in Ukraine

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23)

Mr. Ihor Vitaliyovych YASELSKYI (Ukraine)• Controlled Delivery and the Fight against Illicit Drug Trafficking in Ukraine

24)

Mr. Murod Abduraximovich MAVLYANOV (Uzbekistan)• The Drug Situation in Afghanistan and the Way of Combating Illicit Drug Trafficking
in Uzbekistan

Japanese Participants
25)

Mr. AKIMA Shunichi• Using Controlled Delivery to Investigate Drug Crimes

26)

Mr. AMAYASU Ryo• Investigation Methods, Legal System and Illegal Transactions of Drugs in Japan

27)

Mr. FUKUSHIMA Yoshihiko• A Case Study of the Stimulant Drug Smuggling Incident

28)

Mr. KONISHI Takahiro• Proving Intent in Stimulant Smuggling Cases

29)

Mr. NAKAJIMA Hirokazu• Practices against Illicit Drug Trafficking in the Japan Coast Guard

30)

Ms. SADA Yoshiko• Using Interception to Investigate Drug Crimes in Japan31)

Ms. TAKEUCHI Yoshie• Methods for Countering Drug-Related Crimes in Japan12
Group Workshop Sessions
Group 1
EFFECTIVE INVESTIGATIVE AND PROSECUTORIAL MEASURES TO DETECT,PROSECUTE AND PUNISH LEADERS OF CRIME ORGANIZATIONS AND HIGH
VALUE TARGETS
Rapporteur: Mr. Asghar ALI (Pakistan)
Co-Rapporteur: Mr. Rashmi SINGAPPULIEGE (Sri Lanka)
Co-Rapporteur: Mr. AMAYASU Ryo (Japan)
Chairperson
Co-Chairperson
Members

Advisers

Ms. Yasmine Nagnouma KEITA
Mr. Khurshed Iskandar ISOZODA
Mr. Maurice Kouadio N’DRI
Ms. TSHIBOLA Mulumba Annie
Mr. Augustus Apelis Mathew BRAY
Mr. FUKUSHIMA Yoshihiko
Mr. Valentyn SHMITKO
Prof. Masahiro YAMADA
Prof. Hidenori OHINATA(Cote d’Ivoire)(Tajikistan)(Cote d’Ivoire)(D.R. Congo)(Papua New Guinea)(Japan)(Ukraine)(UNAFEI)(UNAFEI)

Report Summary
Drug trafficking is a global crime in which organized crime groups operate in secrecy.
Thus, special measures are necessary to combat drug trafficking. The group reported on thecurrent situation of special measures in the participating countries, explained common
problems, and recommended solutions. For all measures, the group stressed the importance of
establishing legal frameworks (specific legislation) for the use of such measures.
Because drug trafficking is committed in secret, informants are critical for detection andinvestigation. However, challenges faced include the reliability of information provided,
protection of informants, and corruption among law enforcement officials. Thus, the groupstressed the need to scrutinize and corroborate information obtained before making decisions.
Additionally, witness protection frameworks should be established, and compensation should
be offered subject to strict record keeping.
While electronic surveillance and communication interception are important techniques
to detect drug trafficking, safeguards (i.e., warrants and time limitations) are necessary toprotect the privacy rights of citizens. In addition to laws on electronic surveillance, the group
recommended the adoption of standard operating procedures for the use of these technologies,
increasing budgets to acquire state-of-the-art technologies, and specialized training.
Undercover operations are high-risk investigative operations to infiltrate criminalorganizations and detect their criminal activities. Common problems include lack of legal
frameworks, technology and training. Solutions proposed include enhanced commitments tostaffing, technology, training, and the protection of agents and their families.
Controlled delivery operations permit illicit or suspect consignments to pass into or
through an enforcing jurisdiction in order to identify and apprehend those involved in thecriminal activity. The group recommended enhancing professionalism by conducting suchoperations by special law enforcement units, combining controlled delivery with otherinvestigative techniques, and establishing procedures to ensure timely cooperation withforeign and domestic law enforcement agencies.
Finally, without testimony at trial, drug-trafficking prosecutions will fail. The group
recommended witness protection measures and the granting of immunity from prosecution toensure that witnesses can safely testify at trial.

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Group 2CONFISCATION OF DRUGS AND PROCEEDS DERIVED FROM DRUG
OFFENCES: A WAY FORWARD FOR EFFECTIVE ENFORCEMENT
Rapporteur: Ms. Maxine Tuedian Bernard (Jamaica)
Co-Rapporteur: Ms. Aida Syeliza Binti Abdul Jalil (Malaysia)
Ms. Yoshie Takeuchi (Japan)
Chairperson
Co-Chairperson
Members

AdviserMr. Mohamed Ahmed Habib
Mr. Ihor Yaselskyi
Mr. Chandra Segaran Subramaniam
Mr. Cheick Sala Sangare
Mr. Ismail M. I Hammad
Mr. Roshan Wijesinghe
Mr. Shunichi Akima
Mr. Takahiro Konishi
Prof. Takuya Furuhashi
Prof. Nozomu Hirano
Prof. Ryo Futagoishi(Egypt)(Ukraine)(Malaysia)(Mali)(Palestine)(Sri Lanka)(Japan)(Japan)(UNAFEI)(UNAFEI)(UNAFEI)

Report Summary
To promote public safety and prevent the further commission of crime, confiscation ofdrugs and criminal assets is a fundamental law-enforcement priority. Global conventions suchas the Palermo Convention (UNTOC) and the Vienna Convention require States Parties toadopt measures to detect money laundering and confiscate illicit drugs, criminal proceeds andother instrumentalities of crime.
While the traditional approach to drug confiscation (informants and random checking)is important, the group noted that special investigative techniques (controlled delivery,
undercover operations, electronic surveillance) are more effective. These special techniques
require a greater emphasis on training. Likewise, investigators need training to stay up to dateon drug-trafficking trends and modus operandi. For example, proving intent in trafficking
cases is a constant challenge that is compounded by the dark web and cryptocurrencies. The
drug confiscation process is: search warrant, seizure, investigation, forensic testing andstorage in a secure facility. To prevent the loss/ theft of seized drugs, early disposal of drugs
before the conclusion of the case was addressed by some members. The challenges of lack ofinternational standards on the disposal of drugs and lack of public trust in some countries wereidentified.
Criminal assets can be identified by search procedures (with or without warrants),
Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs), investigations and interrogations, and asset tracing.
Challenges include the often-limited scope of investigation of FIUs, registration of assets inthe names of third parties, cross-border transactions and the slow pace of international
cooperation. To overcome these challenges, the group recommended strengthening theinvestigative authority of FIUs, establishing clear guidelines for international cooperation,
adoption and implementation of international frameworks for asset tracing, and capacitybuilding for law enforcement officers. Once assets are identified, authorities must freeze,
confiscate, and ultimately dispose of them. However, certain assets often decline in value andare stored by the state at high cost. Measures to address these challenges include releasing
assets on bond and authorizing special agencies to manage the storage of seized property.
Finally, the group also recommended that countries consider the adoption of civil or nonconviction-based forfeiture per the FATF Recommendations. The group concluded byoffering recommendations to improve information sharing, border control practices, domestic
coordination between agencies, statistical information and analysis, and capacity-building.

14Group 3

MULTI-AGENCY AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
Rapporteur: Mr. Rodrigo LEITE PRADO (Brazil)
Co-Rapporteurs: Ms. Marie Catherine NOLASCO (Philippines)
Mr. NAKAJIMA Hirokazu (Japan)

Chairperson
Co-Chairperson
Members

AdviserMr. Nitchan HADSARANG(Thailand)
Mr. Mostafa Hicham ELBASTA WISSY (Egypt)
Ms. NKULU Mbayo Marie Claude(D.R. Congo)
Mr. Modibo SACKO(Mali)
Mr. IBROHIMZODA Abdushukur(Tajikistan)
Ibrohimjon
Mr. Murod Abdurakhimovich(Uzbekistan)
MAVLYANOV
Ms. SADA Yoshiko(Japan)Prof. Junichiro OTANI(UNAFEI)
Prof. Mana YAMAMOTO(UNAFEI)
Prof. Mika KITAGAWA(UNAFEI)

Report Summary
All countries, whether origin, transit or destination countries, are impacted by the crossborder nature of drug trafficking. Therefore, drug trafficking is a matter of global concern, andinternational cooperation is necessary to combat it. Group 3, under the theme of multi-agency
and international cooperation, focused on the topics of (i) border control, (ii) informationexchange, (iii) mutual legal assistance, and (iv) financial institutions.
Regarding border control, many participants reported severe difficulties in interdicting
the trafficking of drugs across their inland borders, coastlines and points of entry. To respondto this challenge, the group recommended strengthening border security and enhancement ofvisa application screening. Along similar lines, the group stressed the importance of agencyto-agency information exchanges between countries by entering into treaties or otheragreements with neighbouring countries, as well as utilizing channels between liaison
magistrates, police attaches, FIU liaison officers and focal points of international cooperation
networks, such as INTERPOL.
Mutual Legal Assistance is also an important measure to combat drug trafficking, butthere are numerous challenges to successful assistance, such as lack of domestic laws on
MLA, lack of expertise, differences in legal systems and terminology, discrepancies indomestic laws, difficulty in implementing special investigation techniques through MLA, andlack of timely response. Among numerous recommendations, the group suggested: (a)establishing international cooperation units within relevant agencies; (b) promotion of anactive international cooperation culture among practitioners; (c) fostering communication
through informal cooperation; (d) facilitation of international cooperation based on aharmonized list of common illicit substances and precursors.
Regarding financial institutions, the group reviewed the practices implemented in theparticipating countries to combat money laundering connected with drug trafficking. These
practices include strengthening anti-money-laundering laws, reliance on international
cooperation, and sharing financial intelligence through networks such as the Egmont Group.
Still, challenges remain such as overcoming refusals to provide assistance and meeting thedual criminality requirement with respect to countries deemed as tax havens. The group
recommended enhancing capacity-building efforts and using open source and FIU tools totrace foreign accounts and assets.

15
Observation Visits
Date

Agency/Institution

Main Persons Concerned

18 MayYokohama District Court• Mr. KOSHIDA Hideyuki(Chief of General Affairs)

23 MayMinistry of Justice• Ms. KAMIKAWA Yoko
(Minister of Justice)16
Group Study Tours
Date

Location

Agency/Institution

Main Persons Concerned

6 JuneHiroshima

6th Regional Coast
Guard Headquarters• Mr. SHIMONO Motoya(Commander)

7 JuneKobe

Kobe Customs Office• Mr. TANI Takeshi(Anti-Smuggling administrator)• Mr. SHINGAI Masahiro(Supervisory Inspector)

8 JuneKyoto

Kyoto District Public
Prosecutors Office• Ms. TANAKA Motoko(Chief Prosecutor)

17
Special Events
9 May

Welcome Party

14, 15, 16, 17 May

Japanese Conversation Classes

The overseas participants attended four Japanese conversation classes and learned
practical Japanese expressions. The sensei (teachers) were Ms. SAYAMA Sachiyo, Ms.
KATAYAMA Yuko, Ms. IKEMIZU Masako and Ms. OKAMURA Mari from EP Academy.
18 MayYokohama Dinner Cruise

The participants enjoyed a sunset cruise and dinner aboard the Marine Rouge, hosted by
the ACPF Yokohama branch.
23 MayCourtesy Call to the Minister of Justice
andReception by the Vice-Minister of Justice

At the conclusion of their courtesy visit to the Minister of Justice, Ms. Yoko Kamikawa,a reception was held for the participants by the Vice-Minister of Justice, Mr. KUROKAWA
Hiromu, at the Danwa-shitsu lounge on the 20th floor of the ministry building, overlooking
Hibiya Park.
26 MayGrand Sumo Tournament Visit and ACPF Kisei-kai Branch Party

Following a tour of Ryogoku, including a visit to Edo-Tokyo Museum, the participants
attended the Grand Sumo Tournament at the Ryogoku Kokugikan, Tokyo. They later enjoyeda party hosted by the Kisei-kai Branch of the ACPF held at the Daiichi Ryogoku Hotel.
30 May

UNAFEI International Table Tennis Tournament

The UNAFEI Table Tennis Tournament was held in the Multipurpose Hall. Mixed
teams of international participants, Japanese participants, Visiting Experts and UNAFEI
faculty were formed based on groups for workshop sessions, and competed against each other.
Professor Yamada led Team A and won the championship.
1 Jun.

Dinner Party

A Dinner Party was held in the Dining Room. Grilled lamb meat was served by
UNAFEI staff and some participants wore Yukata, a traditional Japanese costume.
13 Jun.

Farewell Party

A party was held to bid farewell to the participants.

18
Reference Materials
UNAFEI’s 169TH INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COURSE
LIST OF REFERENCE MATERIALS
I. The International Drug Control Conventions
II. United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime
1
United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols
thereto2

Interpretative notes for the official records (travaux préparatoires) of the negotiationof the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and theProtocols thereto (Addendum)

III. UNODC Materials
1
Outcome Document of the 2016 United Nations General Assembly Special Session
on the World Drug Problem
2

World Drug Report 2017
Executive Summary: Conclusions and Policy Implications

3

Global Overview of Drug Demand and Supply

4

Market Analysis of Plant-Based Drugs

5

Market Analysis of Synthetic Drugs

6

The Drug Problem and Organized Crime, Illicit Financial Flows, Corruption andTerrorism

IV. Japanese Law
1Penal code2

Code of Criminal Procedure3

Law concerning Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Law,etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conducts
and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International
Cooperation

19
Expert and Participant List
Visiting Experts
Mr. Wasawat Chawalitthamrong

Head of Cybercrime Sector One
Bureau of Technology and Cyber Crime
Department of Special Investigation
Ministry of Justice

Mr. Gregory Matthew Millard

Resident Agent in Charge
Chiang-Mai Resident Office
DEA Far East Region

Mr. Celso Eduardo Faria Coracini

Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Officer
United Nations Office on Drugs andCrime (UNODC)

Overseas Participants
Mr. Rodrigo LEITE PRADO

Federal Prosecutor
Criminal Division of the Federal Prosecution
Office in Minas Gerais
Federal Prosecution Service of Brazil

Ms. Yasmine Nagnouma KEITA

Judge
Court of First Instance of Abidjan
Ministry of JusticeCote d’sIvoire

Mr. Maurice Kouadio N’DRI

Magistrate
Tribunal of Abengourou
Ministry of JusticeCote d’Ivoire

Ms. NKULU Mbayo Marie Claude

First Prosecutor’s Assistant
Prosecutor Justice Department
Gombe Court
Democratic Republic of the Congo

Ms. TSHIBOLA Mulumba Annie

Judge
High Court of Gombe
Superior Magistrate Counsel
Democratic Republic of the Congo

Mr. Mostafa Hicham Mohamed
Osman ELBASTAWISSY

Senior Public Prosecutor
Centre of Cairo Criminal Prosecution OfficePublic Prosecution
Egypt

20
Mr. Mohamed Ahmed HABIB

Judge
Criminal Section, Technical Office of the Court
Egyptian Court of Cassation
The Egyptian Judicial Authority
Egypt

Ms. Maxine Tuedian BERNARD

Detective Inspector
Narcotics Division
Jamaica Constabulary Force
Jamaica

Ms. Aida Syeliza Binti ABDULJALILHead of Data/Analysis
Narcotics Crime Investigation Department
Royal Malaysia Police
Malaysia

Mr. Chandra Segaran
SUBRAMANIAM

Head of Legal/Investigation Unit
Narcotics Crime Investigation Department
Royal Malaysia Police
Malaysia

Mr. Modibo SACKO

Technical Adviser/Magistrate
Secretary General
Ministry of JusticeMali

Mr. Cheick Sala SANGARE

Prosecutor/Magistrate
Court of District II Bamako
Ministry of JusticeMali

Mr. Asghar ALI

Assistant Inspector General of Police
Human Resource Management
National Highways and Motorway Police
Ministry of Communications
Pakistan

Mr. Ismail M. I. HAMMAD

Public Prosecutor
Palestinian Public Prosecution
Palestine

Mr. Augustus Apelis Mathew BRAY

State Prosecutor
Justice and Attorney General
Public Prosecutors Office
Papua New Guinea

21
Ms. Marie Catherine Reniva
NOLASCO

Executive Officer for Operations
Anti-Organized and Transnational Crime
Division
National Bureau of Investigation
Philippines

Mr. Roshan Wijesinghe
GAMMANPILA IMIYAGE DONIn Charge of Mount Lavinia
Division
Sri Lanka Police
Sri Lanka

Mr. Palinda Prabhanthi Rashmi
Edirisinghe Hewa SINGAPPULIGE

Additional Secretary (Judicial)
Legal Division
Ministry of Justice
Sri Lanka

Mr. Abdushukur Ibrohimjon
IBROHIMZODA

Judge
Court of Gisar Region
Supreme Court of the Republic of Tajikistan
Tajikistan

Mr. Khurshed Iskandar ISOZODA

Judge
Court of Somoni District
Supreme Court of the Republic of Tajikistan
Tajikistan

Mr. Nitchan HADSARANG

Judge
Chiang Mai Juvenile and Family Court
Court of Justice
ThailandMr. Valentyn SHMITKO

Senior Detective
Main Department of Detectives
National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine
UkraineMr. Ihor Vitaliyovych YASELSKYI

Judge
Lutsk City Court
UkraineMr. Murod Abduraximovich
MAVLYANOV

Senior Investigator, Major
Investigative Department
Ministry of Internal Affairs
Uzbekistan

22Japanese Participants
Mr. AKIMA Shunichi

Public Prosecutor
Tokyo District Public Prosecutors Office

Mr. AMAYASU Ryo

Official of Health, Labor and Welfare
Narcotic Control Department
Tohoku Regional Bureau of Health and Welfare

Mr. FUKUSHIMA Yoshihiko

Public Prosecutor
Chiba District Public Prosecutors Office

Mr. KONISHI Takahiro

Assistant Judge
Tokyo District Court

Mr. NAKAJIMA Hirokazu

Deputy Director
International Organized Crime Base
3rd Regional Coast Guard Headquarters

Ms. SADA Yoshiko

Public Prosecutor
Kyoto District Public Prosecutors Office

Ms. TAKEUCHI Yoshie

Chief Inspector
Organized Crime Department, Criminal Affairs
BureauNational Police Agency

23
INFORMATION ABOUT FORTHCOMING PROGRAMMES
1.

The Follow-up Seminar of the Third Country Training Programme for theDevelopment of Effective Community-Based Treatment of Offenders in the CLMVCountries
UNAFEI has provided significant resources for the Third Country Training Programme(TCTP) for the Development of Effective Community-Based Treatment of Offenders in the
CLMV Countries since the first phase of the TCTP in 2017. To follow-up on the second phaseof the TCTP, which was held from 8 to 19 January in Thailand, UNAFEI will host theFollow-up Seminar in June 2018. The purpose of the follow-up seminar is to review thestrategic plans for the establishment of effective community-based treatment of offenders in
Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Viet Nam (the “CLMV” countries) which were developed
during the second phase of the TCTP.
2.

The 170th International Training Course
From August to September 2018, UNAFEI will host the 170th International Training
Course in Tokyo, Japan. The main theme of the course is “Treatment of Illicit Drug Users”.
Government officials from across Southeast Asia and other parts of the world, including
Japan, and visiting experts and lecturers will attend.
3.

The 21st UNAFEI UNCAC Training Programme
From 8 October to 16 November 2018, UNAFEI will host the 21st UNAFEI UNCAC
Training Programme in Tokyo, Japan. The main theme of the Programme is “Combating
Corruption through Effective Criminal Justice Practices, International Cooperation andEngagement of Civil Society”. Twenty-five overseas participants and several Japaneseparticipants will attend.

24
ADMINISTRATIVE NEWS
Faculty Change
Mr. OHTANI Junichiro, formerly a prosecutor of the Chiba District Public Prosecutors
Office, was appointed as a professor of UNAFEI on 1 April 2018.
Mr. FUTAGOISHI Ryo, formerly an attorney of the Litigation Bureau, Ministry ofJustice, was appointed a professor of UNAFEI on 1 April 2018.
Mr. OHINATA Hidenori, formerly a probation officer of the Niigata Probation Office,
was appointed as a professor of UNAFEI on 1 April 2018.
Ms. KITAGAWA Mika, formerly a member of the Kanto Regional Parole Board, wasappointed as a professor of UNAFEI on 1 April 2018.
Mr. FURUHASHI Takuya, formerly a specialist of juvenile corrections at Takamatsu
Regional Correction Headquarters, was appointed as a professor of UNAFEI on 1 April 2018.
Mr. YUKAWA Tsuyoshi, formerly a professor of UNAFEI, was transferred to theTokyo High Prosecutors Office on 1 April 2018.
Ms. WATANABE Ayuko, formerly a professor of UNAFEI, was transferred to theTokyo District Public Prosecutors Office on 1 April 2018.
Mr. Yoshimura Kouji, formerly a professor of UNAFEI, was transferred to the Tama
Juvenile Training School on 1 April 2018.
Mr. MINOURA Satoshi, formerly a professor of UNAFEI, was transferred to theInternational Affairs Division of the Minister’s Secretariat, Ministry of Justice on 1 April
2018.
Ms. AKASHI Fumiko, formerly a professor of UNAFEI, was transferred to theInternational Affairs Division of the Minister’s Secretariat, Ministry of Justice on 1 April
2018.

25
FACULTY AND STAFF OF UNAFEI
Faculty:
Mr. SENTA Keisuke
Ms. ISHIHARA KayoMr. YAMADA Masahiro
Mr. FURUHASHI Takuya
Mr. OTANI Junichiro
Mr. FUTAGOISHI Ryo
Mr. HIRANO Nozomu
Mr. OHINATA Hidenori
Ms. KITAGAWA Mika
Mr. WATANABE Hiroyuki
Dr. YAMAMOTO Mana
Mr. Thomas L. SCHMID
Secretariat:
Mr. FUJITA Takeshi
Mr. TOYODA Yasushi
Ms. KIKUCHI Yoshimi

Director
Deputy Director
Professor
169th Course Programming Officer
Professor
169th Course Deputy Programming Officer
Professor
Professor
Professor
Professor
Professor
Professor
Chief of Information and Public Relations
Professor
Chief of Research Division
Linguistic Adviser
Chief of Secretariat
Chief of Training and Hostel Management
Affairs Section
Chief of General and Financial Affairs Section

General and Financial Affairs Section:
Mr. KIGUCHI Ryo
Senior Officer
Mr. OHTA Masaru
Officer
Ms. TSUJII Yayoi
Officer26
Training and Hostel Management Affairs Section:
Ms. NAGAHAMA Arisa
Senior Officer
169th Course Assistant Programming Officer
Ms. KAMADA Mariko
Senior Officer
169th Course Assistant Programming Officer
Mr. HIROSE Kentaro
Senior Officer
Ms. ODA Michie
OfficerMs. IINUMA Hazuki
OfficerInternational Research Affairs Section:
Mr. SAITO Masato
Senior Officer
Ms. IWAKATA Naoko
Librarian
Secretarial Staff:
Ms. YAMADA Hisayo

Officer

Kitchen:Ms. ODAGIRI Maki

Chef

JICA Coordinator for the 166th International Training Course:
Ms. KITA Chizuko
JICA
Ms. MINASE Kaoru
JICA

UNAFEI Home Page: http://www.unafei.or.jp/english/
UNAFEI E-mail: unafei@i.moj.go.jp