Index
Academic hegemony 195, 254

Collaboration/collegiality between teachers

Academic literacy/academic study 59, 61, 85-

7-9, 42-46, 48-50, 71, 74, 78, 81-4, 97-8, 100,102, 124, 140-1, 153, 174, 180, 182-3, 185,6, 107-8, 132, 158-9, 197-200

Action logging/class newsletters 2-4, 9,10, 150

192-3, 195, 210-1, 219, 229, 232, 243-5, 255,259

Action research (see Research)

Communication skills/using English
for communication (see also Listening
development, Speaking development) 18, 21-

Affective factors 12, 20, 58,107

Age factors 29, 31-3,38, 219
Anglo-American culture/norms (see alsoWestern models) 43,67

2, 36-7, 40, 72, 81, 88, 99, 137-8, 144

Communities (of learners) 6, 8,190, 255

Anxiety 19-20, 25, 198, 200, 212

Confidence 3,16,18, 21, 24, 59, 60-1, 63, 65,

Appropriate methodology 49, 214, 223
Asian learners/contexts for learning 12, 13, 88,67,86,108-109,218,222

Contextual factors for autonomy/learning:
cultural 8, 12-26, 48-9, 99, 222-3, 232,250,260, 264-5

Assessment/evaluation 70, 73, 76-8, 83, 85, 99,110, 123, 128, 145-6, 154-5, 159 ff.

254-5,259,263-5

Contextual factors for autonomy/learning:
institutional 7-8,15,48, 69-86, 231, 254, 259

hansei 40

negative self- 56-7,146, 151, 153, 222

Co-operative development 5,42-6,48-50

peer- 6, 145-6, 151, 155, 159, 170, 200
self- 6, 12, 31, 59-61, 97,102-4,158-9,160-

Co-operative learning 13, 31,129-142

2, 170, 172, 177,221,229

Critical collaborative autonomy 5, 31, 127,
197-210,212,268

student- 79-80

teacher- 6, 123, 149, 151, 161, 170,184

Attribution theory 14, 25, 131
Autonomy, multiple definitions/
understandings of 7,44, 48, 82, 88,100, 115,174, 188, 190, 223-5, 246, 254, 260-2, 26970,272,278-9,281

Autonomy-developing activities 5, 58, 88, 111,219

Critical thinking 127, 136, 149-50, 152,154,
198,255

Curriculum 39, 69-86, 172, 228~ change 71~ evaluation 73, 75~ materials design 70-2, 75, 85, 159-60,
173~ tests 76-7-tensions 83, 174,228

Bacardi (metaphorical) 275-6, 278, 281
Chaos 44, 66,192,231

Decision-making (see Choices and decision
making)

Choices and decision-making in learning 13,Dependence/dependent learning 63, 142,144

47-9, 51-2, 70, 89, 99,112,113-128,144,153-5, 182-4,188,193, 195, 199, 203-4, 206,224,228,245,255,271

Co-construction of learning 4, 9,188, 193-4,231,266

Desire to learn (see Motivation)
Disappointment 36, 38
Discussion/debate skills 42,44-6, 60, 64, 83-4,
100,133, 147, 149, 198,220

Cognitive beliefs 20-3, 26

Diversity of learners/learning styles 107, 142

Collaboration/co-operation between learners

Drawing 2, 3,10, 237, 248, 251-2

5,6, 10,31,40, 110, 112, 113-128, 131-2,Embarrassment 36, 39

145,245,256,268-9

Ethnography/teacher-as-ethnographer 3, 9,198,201-3

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Exploratory practice 49, 245,273-4
Failure 9, 38

Index

Learner autonomy-teacher autonomy
relationship 48-52, 65, 67, 82-3, 78, 81, 2235,228,255

Fear 18,45, 56,64

Learners' attitudes/beliefs/expectations 11-26,

Feedback

50, 88, 97, 100, 141, 164-5, 167, 171, 188,

course ~ 74, 80

student-to-teacher ~ 47, 80, 200,203-5,
208

teacher-to-student ~ 91,95, 155,229

194,278

Learner awareness 12, 22-3, 51, 60, 63, 66, 85,
88-90, 97, 100, 112, 134, 138, 141, 151

Learner goals (see Setting goals)

test ~ 76-7

Learner strategies/training 12, 21, 26, 99,139,

Gender 25,160,169,173

205-6

Grammar learning 73, 76
Group dynamics 2,6,142,276
High school (students) 18,40, 70, 71-2,89,106,186,225

In-class learning 12,14,22-3, 39, 51, 70, 86,

Learning diaries/journals 55-8, 65-6,103-4,130, 134-8, 140-2, 154, 212, 243, 250, 266-7

Learning fluency 8,63, 66
Learning habits 88,90
Learning materials 32, 70-2, 76, 79, 82, 84-5,102,111-2,142, 155

Independence/independent learning 12-3,92,104,110

47-8, 50-2, 63, 69, 82, 99, 142, 144, 147, 151,

Learning models 6, 9, 39, 55, 90, 112, 222,228

155,159,176,182,267-8

Learning opportunities 86, 88-9,97

Individual learning 6, 16, 47, 70, 88,102,112,114, 133, 146-7, 150

Institutional expectations 8c factors 48, 70 ff,
85-6,173-4, 192, 194,229

Learning preferences/styles 102-3,141
heterogeneous ~ 15-26
homogeneous ~ 15-26
Learning processes 12, 39, 88-9,99,112

Interdependence 7, 47-8, 63, 65,133, 142, 2679,271-4

Learning roles 88, 100, 117-8, 132-4, 138, 1402, 149,203-4,206

Interpretation/Re-interpretation 61,65, 67,200-10,219

Liberation from authority/oppression 231,271

Interrupted learning 33-4, 38

Japanese educational norms 8c values 24, 67,
173

Listening development 76, 88-92, 95, 99, 1067,178-9,182

Making mistakes 63-4, 81, 89

Japanese learners/learning contexts 11-26,28,
89-90,130,154,264

Maps 8c metaphors of autonomy development
57-8,70,190

Language learning histories (seealso Research)
32-4,36-8,81,88

Mapping autonomy/learning 70, 76
Maturity 38-40

Leadership style 8c teaching mode 2-4

Metacognitive awareness/development/skills~ autocratic 2, 227

2, 7, 9, 12, 58, 62-3, 66-7, 139, 140, 144, 147,

~ autonomy-inviting 2, 4
~ delegating 142

153-5,199,207,209-10~ democratic 2, 255~ negotiating 142 (seealso Negotiation/Negotiatedforms of autonomy)
Learner activity/passivity 12-26, 47, 106,130,
134,136,140, 265

Motivation/desire to learn 14, 20-1, 22, 26, 29,30, 36-7, 39, 40, 51, 70, 72, 76, 77, 81, 85, 89,91, 97, 99, 100, 108, 112, 127, 130-2, 134,
136-9,142,184,186,225,254

Near peer role models 4, 32,227LD SIG 2003 A n t h o l o g y —297*IndexNegotiation/negotiated forms of autonomy 3,Research

9, 13,65,81, 117,127, 139, 142,211-2,231,

action ~ 13, 112, 130, 193, 199, 200, 276-7

241,254-5,272,280

data-based ~ 277, 282

Newsletter project 113-128

norms of- 278

Note-taking skills 55-6, 60, 63, 64-5, 95, 250

practice-driven - 102-3, 111-2, 280-2
reliability 8c validity of - 26, 171, 173, 185,

Noticing 9, 31,49, 54, 67, 81
Observation 32, 45-6, 49, 50, 61-2, 214, 216-7,219, 220, 222, 229, 230, 232, 249, 272

Operationalizing autonomy 9, 100, 272

Out-of-class learning 10, 12,25, 29-30, 32, 346,47,101-12, 140, 147,155,180, 184, 278

Perceptions: Learner/teacher ~ (See also
Attitudes/beliefs/expectations) 13-5,47,179,192,259-74

187,279- as ethnography 3, 9, 201-3- through audio-taping 64~ through classroom observation 45-6, 323,62, 133-4- through finding space 49, 194-5, 200- through interview/discussion groups 15,32, 46-7, 133-4, 208, 210-2, 215, 223-8~ through language learning histories 324,36-8

Personal constructs 268

Political autonomy 262
Portfolios 62, 64, 123, 176-188, 214-32, 234-56- through listening 43, 50, 57- through narrative inquiry 190-1,195- through questionnaires/surveys 32-3,

assessment ~ 177

35-8, 46-7, 74, 76, 91, 149, 158, 240, 259-

collections ~ 177

60,269-70,273~ through student reflections/journals 56

showcase ~ 177

ff., 95, 105, 133-4,200-3

working -215

- through teacher conversation groups

Positivism 71, 192, 195

192

Power 43, 209-10, 212, 214, 231

Presentations/presentation skills 57, 60-4, 100,102, 104-5, 119, 144-155, 197-200

Pro-active/reactive autonomy 13, 88, 89, 97,- through teaching diary 54, 65, 67, 211- through video observation 45-6, 232~ with learners 9, 64-5,193-4

researcher position 62,193, 277
teacher - and teacher-researchers 6, 12,100, 194

Project based learning/language learning
projects 51, 82, 85, 101-12, 113-27, 199 ff.

Reading development 55, 86, 106,178, 214
jigsaw ~ activities 132-3,136,141

201,212

writing-201, 211, 276, 281-2
Research skills (learners) 60-1, 198-9, 245
Routines 8, 58, 59, 65,67, 212

Recording/video-taping students 91, 100,139

Scaffolding 5, 70, 146-9, 220-1, 231

Reflecting on learning 6, 9, 31,40,42, 43, 47,

Self-access 13,85, 100, 112

49-50, 57, 63, 67, 91, 95-7, 100, 103, 112,
122, 126, 140, 142, 145, 150-2, 154-5, 177,
188,209-12,219,245,268

Self-determination theory 131
Self-direction 6, 14-5, 21, 29, 44-5, 51, 65-6,100

Reflecting on teaching 51, 97, 99, 127, 141,
150, 154, 200-5, 207-8, 211, 231

Self-initiative 31,61

Self-regulation 7, 9,10, 12, 21

Self-study (see Out of class learning)—Autonomy You

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Setting learning goals/objectives and planninglearning 20,40,43, 55-7, 90-1, 95-7,103-4,
110-12,126,131,169-70,174,177,180,185,
199,203-9

Index

Teaching fluency 8
Textbooks/coursebooks 5,15, 70-6, 78-9, 81-6,
133,140-1,216,251

Theory and practice of autonomy 49, 100,

Shame 36-40

210,279-81,282

Shared discourse (teachers, learners) 60-1, 71,82,84,86,212,225,231

Time 32-6, 38-40, 54, 78, 81, 84,191,194, 198200,211,218

Shyness 86, 88, 99, 191

Uncertainty 44, 62, 66

Situated appropriateness of autonomy 2, 7, 9,Underachievement 56, 60

14,47,48,52,188

Skills (See Learning/Listening/Speaking/Reading/Writing Development)
Social/collectiveforms of autonomy/learning5, 6, 13, 16, 31, 33, 36, 40, 47, 51-2, 70, 104,111, 114-5, 131-3, 137, 145, 147-8, 150, 1989,202

Social origins of autonomy 2, 5-6, 9,47,1312,226,262,269,271

Speaking development 85, 87-98,246, 255
Stereotypes (8c perceptions) 12,14,16-9, 24-5,
252,263-4,269-71,273-4

Stories 190-2, 195,233, 246, 258-9

Taking responsibility for/control of learning12-3, 29, 30-1, 38, 40, 48, 52, 62, 78, 81, 88-

Universalist models/thinking 272
University/university students 40, 71, 89,1023,115-6,130, 132

Vocabulary learning 57, 62-4, 73, 83, 91, 95,96-7, 179,198,243,250

Vygotskian concepts
Intermental learning 4, 5
Intramental learning 5
GGLCD 268
ZPD 268-9

Western models of autonomy/learning/ethnocentrism 14, 43,49, 88, 260-1, 264-5,267

Writing development 86, 120, 121-2, 124,128,178,236,243,246,250-1

9, 99,103, 111, 115,123, 127-8,130-1, 138,
140-2, 144, 153-4, 177, 180, 211, 247, 260Teacher as adviser, facilitator, supporter 3, 12,22, 46,104,110-11, 115,127-8, 132,140,155

Teacher attitudes, beliefs, expectations about
learning 14, 26, 42,49, 51,165-6,168,194
Teacher autonomy 2, 7,42, 48, 78-80, 82,193,
226,228-30

Teacher autonomy-learner autonomy
relationship 48-52, 65-6, 78, 81, 82-3, 193,
223-25,228-9,255

Teacher control and learning 3-5, 9, 22, 39, 43,
45-7, 49, 50-1, 78, 88-9, 99, 111, 116, 121-3,125, 128, 130, 139, 142, 147, 192

Teacher development/professional
development 8,42-4, 48-9, 51, 80-2, 192
Teacher-learner 48, 52, 212

Teacher training 214-32— LD SIG 2003 A n t h o l o g y —