රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-5➨ 㸳 ❶            ࢽ࣍ࣥ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢᖺ㱋ᰝᐃ᪉ἲ㎷ ▱㤶 1࣭ᶓᒣ┿ᘪ 1,2せ Ⅼ࣭ 2003 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2013 ᖺ࡟⊁⊟ࡸ᭷ᐖᤕ⋓࡟ࡼࡾᤕ⋓ࡉࢀࡓಶయ➼ࠊィ 517 㢌ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊୗ㢡ࡢṑࡢⴌฟ࡜஺᥮≧ἣࡢほᐹ࠾ࡼࡧ➨୍ᚋ⮻ṑࡢࢭ࣓ࣥࢺ㉁ᒙࡢᖺ㍯ᩘ
ࡢ࢝࢘ࣥࢺ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᖺ㱋ᰝᐃࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࠊරᗜ┴࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢᖺ㱋ᵓᡂࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋ࣭ ᖺ㛫㏻ࡌ࡚཰㞟ࡉࢀࡓಶయࡢṑࡢⴌฟ࡜஺᥮≧ἣࢆほᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊරᗜ┴࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢ 3 ṓࡲ࡛ࡢᖺ㱋ᰝᐃ⾲ࢆసᡂࡋࡓࠋ࣭ ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡢṑࡢⴌฟ࡜஺᥮࡟࠾࠸࡚ 7㹼8 ࠿᭶ࡢኚ␗ᖜࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ
࢖ࣀࢩࢩ࡛ࡣṑࡢⴌฟ࡜஺᥮ࡢಶయᕪࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ
ࡑࢀࡽࡢほᐹ࡟ࡼࡿ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢ᭶㱋ࡸ㐌㱋ࡢᰝᐃࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ࣭ ศᯒಶయࡢᖺ㱋ࡣ 0 ṓ࠿ࡽ 11 ṓࡲ࡛☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊᖺ㱋ᵓᡂࡣ 0 ṓ࡜ 1 ṓࡀ඲యࡢ 56.3㸣ࢆ༨ࡵࡿࠊⱝ㱋ᒙࡀከ࠸ࣆ࣑ࣛࢵࢻᆺ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡼࡾරᗜ┴ࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡣቑຍᆺࢆ♧ࡍ୍᪉࡛ࠊẚ㍑ⓗᙉ࠸ᤕ⋓ᅽࡀ࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ㞤㞝ู࡟ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊⱝ㱋࡛ࡣ࢜ࢫࡢ᪉ࡀከࡃࠊ㧗㱋࡛ࡣ࣓ࢫࡢ᪉ࡀከ࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ࣓ࢫࡢ᪉ࡀ࢜ࢫࡼࡾࡶ㧗㱋ࡲ࡛⏕Ꮡࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ

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Key words㸸ᖺ㱋ᰝᐃࠊṑࡢⴌฟ࣭஺᥮ࠊᖺ㱋ᵓᡂࠊቑຍᆺࡣࡌࡵ࡟㔝⏕ື≀࡟࠾࠸࡚ಶయࡢᖺ㱋᝟ሗࡣࠊಶయࣞ࣋ࣝ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ✀࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ⦾Ṫ≧ἣࡸ⾜ື≉ᛶ➼ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓಶయ⩌ࡢᖺ㱋ᵓᡂࡣࠊಶయ⩌ືែࡢᢕᥱࡸᑗ᮶ணࡢࡓࡵࡢᇶ┙᝟ሗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᩪ⏣࡯࠿ 2011㸹ῦ㔝 2012㸧ࠋಶయ⩌ࡢ㐺ษ࡞⟶⌮ࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊᤕ⋓ಶయࡢᖺ㱋ᵓᡂࢆᢕᥱࡋࠊᤕ⋓ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㸦Milkowski & Wójcik 1984; ᩪ⏣࡯࠿ 2011㸧ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᤕ⋓᫬ᮇࡸᤕ⋓ᡭἲࡢ㐪࠸࡟క࠺ᤕ⋓ಶయࡢᖺ㱋ࡢ೫ࡾࡢ᭷↓ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊቑ࠼ࡍࡂࡓಶయ⩌࡟ᑐࡍࡿಶయᩘ๐ῶຠᯝࡸ⤯⁛ࡀ༴᝹ࡉࢀࡿಶయ⩌࡛ࡢ㑅ᢥᤕ⋓ࡢ᫝㠀ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡜࡞ࡿ㸦Apollonio et al. 2011㸧ࠋ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊಶయ⩌ࡢᖺ㱋ᵓᡂࡣࠊᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡞᝟ሗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ከ1 රᗜ┴᳃ᯘື≀◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࣭2 රᗜ┴❧኱Ꮫ⮬↛࣭⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-5ࡃࡢ㔝⏕ື≀࡛ᖺ㱋ᰝᐃࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦ᯘ࡯࠿ 1977㸹㡲⸨ 2001㸹ᩪ⏣࡯࠿ 2011㸧ࠋ㔝⏕့ங㢮ື≀ࡢ᭱ࡶ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ᖺ㱋ᰝᐃ᪉ἲࡣࠊṑࡢⴌฟ࡜ஙṑ࠿ࡽỌஂṑ࡬ࡢ஺᥮≧ἣࡢほᐹ࡟ࡼࡿุᐃ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦㡲⸨ 2001㸹ῦ㔝 2012㸧ࠋṑࡀ඲࡚ⴌฟࡋࠊỌஂṑ࡟⨨ࡁ᥮ࢃࡗࡓಶయ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊṑࡢࢭ࣓ࣥࢺ㉁ᒙ࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿᖺ㍯ᩘࡢ࢝࢘ࣥࢺࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦ᯘ࡯࠿ 1977㸹㡲⸨ 2001㸧ࠋ඲ࡃูࡢ᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊỈᬗయࡢ㔜㔞ࡢィ࡟ࡼࡿᖺ㱋ᰝᐃࡶ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦㡲⸨ 2001㸧ࠋ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ㸦Sus scrofa㸧࡛ࡣࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㇏ᐩ࡞㢌ᩘࡢ㣫⫱ಶయࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࡋࡓṑࡢⴌฟ࡜஺᥮ࡢほᐹ࡟ࡼࡾࠊヲ⣽࡞ᖺ㱋ᰝᐃ᪉ἲࡀ☜❧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
㸦Matschcke 1967; Boitani & Mattei 1992㸧ࠋ୍᪉ࠊࢽ࣍ࣥ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ㸦 Sus scrofaleucomystax㸹௨ୗ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ࡜⾲グ㸧࡛ࡣࠊᯘ࡯࠿㸦1977㸧ࡀࠊ㣫⫱ಶయ࡜෤Ꮨ࡟ᤕ⋓ࡉࢀࡓ㔝⏕ಶయࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᭱㏆ࠊAnezaki㸦2008㸧ࡀࠊ෤Ꮨ௨እࡢಶయࡶ⏝࠸࡚ṑࡢⴌฟࡸ஺᥮≧ἣࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᶆᮏᩘࡀ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡸⴌฟࠊ஺᥮ࡢ㐍⾜≧ἣ࡟ಶయᕪࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ෤Ꮨ௨እࡢ㔝⏕ಶయࡢᖺ㱋ᰝᐃ᪉ἲࡢᩚ⌮ࡣ༑ศ࡛࡞࠸ࠋ
㏆ᖺࠊ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢ⏕ᜥᇦࡣᛴ㏿࡟ᗈࡀࡾ㸦⎔ቃ┬⮬↛ಖㆤᒁ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࢭࣥࢱ࣮2004㸧ࠊᤕ⋓ᩘࡸ㎰స≀⿕ᐖ㔠㢠ࡶቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦⎔ቃ┬ 2010ࠊ㎰Ỉ┬ 2010㸧ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢಶయᩘࡣቑຍഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜᥎ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⌧ᅾᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢಶయᩘ᥎ᐃࡣࠊᤕ⋓ᩘࡸ⊁⊟⪅࠿ࡽᐤࡏࡽࢀࡿሗ࿌࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⏕≀Ꮫⓗ࡞᝟ሗࡣ஦๓ศᕸ࡟࠾࠸࡚⪃៖ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸦ᆏ⏣࡯࠿ 2012㸹ᯇᮏ࡯࠿ 2014㸧ࠋ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡣಶయᩘࡢᖺḟኚືࡶᖺෆኚືࡶ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜㸦ᆏ⏣࡯࠿ 2012㸧ࠊࢽ࣍ࣥࢪ࢝㸦Cervus nippon㸧ࡢ⣅ሢᐦᗘㄪᰝ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞⏕ᜥᐦᗘㄪᰝࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ⌧≧࡛ࡣࠊᑗ᮶ண

࡞࡝ࢆྵࡵ⢭ᗘࡢ㧗࠸᥎ᐃࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸㸦ᆏ⏣࡯࠿ 2012㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞࢖ࣀࢩࢩ≉᭷ࡢㄢ㢟ゎỴ࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࠊಶయ⩌ࡢᖺ㱋ᵓᡂ࠾ࡼࡧᖺ㱋࡟౫Ꮡࡍࡿ⦾Ṫࢹ࣮ࢱ࡞࡝ࡢ⏕≀Ꮫⓗᇶ┙᝟ሗࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊಶ
యᩘ᥎ᐃࡢไᗘࢆ㧗ࡵࡽࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊᖺ㛫㏻ࡌ࡚཰㞟ࡉࢀࡓಶయࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ㏻ᖺ࡛ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿᖺ㱋ᰝᐃ᪉ἲࡢᩚ⌮ࢆヨࡳࠊරᗜ┴ࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢᖺ㱋ᵓᡂࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓࠋᮦᩱ࡜᪉ἲ
ᮦᩱ
 2003 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2013 ᖺ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⊁⊟࠾ࡼࡧ᭷ᐖᤕ⋓࡟ࡼࡾᤕ⋓ࡉࢀࡓಶయࡸ஺㏻஦ᨾṚ➼࡟ࡼࡾᅇ཰ࡉࢀࡓಶయࠊྜィ 517 㢌ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࠊᮦᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚㢌㦵ࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓࠋ᪉ἲ ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢṑᘧࡣࠊୖୗᕥྑࡑࢀࡒࢀษṑ㸦I㸧3 ᮏࠊ≟ṑ㸦C㸧1 ᮏࠊ๓⮻ṑ㸦P㸧4ᮏࠊᚋ⮻ṑ㸦M㸧3 ᮏࡢィ 44 ᮏ࡛࠶ࡾ㸦Matschcke 1967; ᯘ࡯࠿ 1977; Boitani & Mattei

 රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-51992; Anezaki 2009㸧ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢỌஂṑࡀ⏕࠼ࡑࢁ࠺ࡢࡀ 38 ࠿᭶௨ෆ࡜ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᯘ࡯࠿ 1977㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢṑࡢⴌฟ࡜஺᥮ࡣࠊୖ㢡ࡢ᪉ࡀୗ㢡ࡼࡾࡶಶయᕪࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡜ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Matschcke 1967; ᯘ࡯࠿ 1977㸧ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ3 ṓ௨ୗࡢಶయࡢᖺ㱋ᰝᐃ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊୗ㢡ࡢṑࡢⴌฟ࡜஺᥮≧ἣࢆほᐹࡋࡓ㸦Matschcke1967; ᯘ࡯࠿ 1977; Boitani & Mattei 1992; Anezaki 2009㸧ࠋࡓࡔࡋ➨୍๓⮻ṑࢆḞኻࡋ࡚࠸ࡿಶయࡀከ࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ➨୍๓⮻ṑࡣᖺ㱋ᰝᐃࡢᣦᶆ࠿ࡽ㝖እࡋࡓࠋḟ࡟඲࡚ࡢṑࡢⴌฟ࡜஺᥮ࡀ᏶஢ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓಶయࠊࡘࡲࡾ 3 ṓࡼࡾࡶ㧗㱋ࡢಶయࡢᖺ㱋ᰝᐃ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ
➨୍ᚋ⮻ṑࡢࢭ࣓ࣥࢺ㉁ᒙࡢᖺ㍯ᩘࢆ࢝࢘ࣥࢺࡋࡓ㸦ᯘ࡯࠿ 1977㸧ࠋᖺ㍯ࡢほᐹࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ➨୍ᚋ⮻ṑࢆᢤṑࡋ࡚⬺⅊ฎ⌮ࢆ᪋ࡋࡓᚋ 35㹼40ȣm ࡟ⷧษࡋࠊࡑࡢษ∦࡟࣐࣊ࢺ࢟ࢩࣜࣥᰁⰍࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸦㡲⸨ 2001㸧ࠋ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊᯘ࡯࠿㸦1977㸧࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊ➨୍ᚋ⮻ṑ㸦M1㸧ࠊ➨஧ᚋ⮻ṑ㸦M2㸧ࠊ➨୕ᚋ⮻ṑ㸦M3㸧ࡢⴌฟ≧ែ࡟ࡼࡾࠊᑐ㇟ಶయࢆ 5 ࡘࡢ㱋ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟༊ศࡋࡓ㸦⾲㸯㸧ࠋ⾲㱋ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ༊ศ᪉ἲ㱋ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᚋ⮻ṑࡢⴌฟ≧ែ,0 ⴌฟ᏶஢ࡲ࡛ϩ0 ⴌฟ㛤ጞ㹼᏶஢Ϫ0 ⴌฟ㛤ጞ㹼0 ➨  ည㢌ⴌฟϫ0 ➨  ည㢌ⴌฟ㛤ጞ㹼᏶඲ⴌฟࠊᦶ⁛࡞ࡋϬ0 ᏶඲ⴌฟࠊᦶ⁛࠶ࡾୖグࡢ 5 ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟༊ศᚋࠊࡲࡎࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢᚋ⮻ṑࡢⴌฟ≧ἣࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋ➨୍ࠊ➨஧ᚋ⮻ṑ࡛ࡣࠊⴌฟࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ሙྜࡣ NP㸦Non-Eruption㸧ࠊⴌฟ୰ࡣ EP㸦Erupting㸧ࠊⴌฟ᏶஢ࡢሙྜࡣ E㸦Erupted㸧࡜⾲グࡋࡓࠋ➨୕ᚋ⮻ṑ࡛ࡣࠊည㢌ࡢⴌฟ≧ἣ࡛ࠊ➨୍ࠊ஧ည㢌ࡲ࡛ࡢሙྜ M3-1ࠊ➨୕ࠊᅄည㢌ࡲ࡛ࡢሙྜ M3-2ࠊ➨஬ࠊභည㢌ࡲ࡛ࡢሙྜ M3-3ࠊ᭱ᚋࡢ➨୐ည㢌ࡲ࡛☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓሙྜ M3-L ࡜グ㍕ࡋࡓࠋḟ࡟ษṑࠊ≟ṑࠊ๓⮻ṑࡢஙṑ࠿ࡽỌஂṑ࡬ࡢ஺᥮≧ἣࢆ☜ㄆࡋࠊஙṑࡢሙྜࡣࠕᑠᩥᏐࠖࠊ
஺᥮୰ࡣࠕᑠᩥᏐЍ኱ᩥᏐࠖࠊỌஂṑࡢሙྜࡣࠕ኱ᩥᏐ࡛ࠖ࢔ࣝࣇ࢓࣋ࢵࢺ⾲グࡋࡓࠋ௨ୖࡢṑࡢⴌฟ࡜஺᥮≧ἣࡢほᐹ⤖ᯝࢆࡶ࡜࡟ᖺ㱋ᰝᐃ⾲ࢆసᡂࡋࡓࠋ
సᡂࡋࡓᖺ㱋ᰝᐃ⾲࡜ࢭ࣓ࣥࢺ㉁ᒙࡢᖺ㍯ᩘ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ඲࡚ࡢಶయࡢᖺ㱋ࢆỴᐃࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ㝿ࠊ౽ᐅୖࡢ௬ࡢฟ⏕᪥ࢆ 5 ᭶ 1 ᪥࡜ࡋ࡚㸦ᯘ࡯࠿ 1977㸹す 2003㸧ࠊ5 ᭶ 1 ᪥ࢆ㐣ࡂࡓሙྜ࡟ࡣᖺ㱋ࢆ୍ࡘ⧞ࡾୖࡆࡓࠋ රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-5⤖ᯝ㸬ᖺ㱋ᰝᐃ㱋ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ༊ศ ศᯒಶయࡣࠊϨࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟ 145 㢌ࠊϩࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟ 158 㢌ࠊϪࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟ 78 㢌ࠊϫࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟ 19 㢌ࠊϬࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟ 117 㢌ࡀ༊ศࡉࢀࠊ࡝ࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡶ⊁⊟ᮇ㛫ࡢ 11㹼2 ᭶࡟ከ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ㸯㸧ࠋᅗ ᤕ⋓᭶ࡈ࡜ࡢྛ㱋ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ☜ㄆᩘϨࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ
➨୍ᚋ⮻ṑࡀᮍⴌฟࡢಶయ㸦M1NE㸧ࡣ 6㹼12 ᭶ࠊⴌฟ୰࡛࠶ࡗࡓಶయ㸦M1EP㸧ࡣ
7 ᭶࡜ 9㹼2 ᭶ࠊⴌฟ᏶஢ಶయ㸦M1E㸧ࡣ 7 ᭶࡜ 9㹼5 ᭶࡟☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ㸰.㹟㸧ࠋஙṑ࠿ࡽỌஂṑ࡬ࡢ஺᥮ࡀ᭱ึ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡓࡢࡣ➨୕ษṑ࡜≟ṑ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ஺᥮୰࡛࠶ࡗࡓಶ
య㸦c,i3ЍC,I3㸧ࡣ 10㹼5 ᭶࡟☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊỌஂṑ࡟⨨ࡁ᥮ࢃࡗࡓಶయ㸦C,I3㸧ࡣϨࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ୰࡛ࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ㸰.㹠㸧ࠋϩࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ
➨஧ᚋ⮻ṑࡀⴌฟ୰࡛࠶ࡗࡓಶయ㸦M2EP㸧ࡣ 4㹼8 ᭶ࠊ10㹼11 ᭶ࠊ1 ᭶ࠊⴌฟࡀ᏶
஢ࡋࡓಶయ㸦M2E㸧ࡣ 5㹼3 ᭶࡟☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ㸱.㹟㸧
ࠋஙṑ࠿ࡽỌஂṑ࡬ࡢ஺᥮≧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ➨୕ษṑ࡜≟ṑࡀஙṑ࡛࠶ࡗࡓಶయ㸦c,i3㸧ࡣ 4ࠊ6ࠊ7ࠊ11 ᭶ࠊ஺᥮୰࡛࠶
ࡗࡓಶయ㸦c,i3ЍC,I3㸧ࡣ 4㹼6 ᭶࡟ຍ࠼ࠊ኱ࡁࡃእࢀ࡚ 10 ᭶࡜ 1 ᭶࡟ほᐹࡉࢀࡓࠋỌஂṑ࡛࠶ࡗࡓಶయ㸦C,I3㸧ࡣ඲ᮇ㛫୰࡟☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ㸦ᅗ㸱.㹠㸧ࠋ➨୍ษṑࡀஙṑ࡛࠶ࡗࡓಶయ㸦i1㸧ࡣ 4㹼1 ᭶ࠊ஺᥮୰࡛࠶ࡗࡓಶయ㸦i1ЍI1㸧ࡣ 5㹼10 ᭶࡟ຍ࠼ࠊ኱ࡁࡃ
እࢀ࡚ 2 ᭶࡟☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋỌஂṑ࡛࠶ࡗࡓಶయ㸦I1㸧ࡣ 5㹼3 ᭶࡟☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ㸦ᅗ㸱.

 රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-5

㹠 㹟 ᅗ Ϩࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠊᤕ⋓᭶ࡈ࡜ࡢⴌฟࠊ஺᥮☜ㄆᩘ
㸦D㸧ࡣ➨୍ᚋ⮻ṑࡢⴌฟ≧ἣࢆ♧ࡋࠊ01( ࡣᮍⴌฟࠊ0(3 ࡣⴌฟ୰ࠊ0( ࡣⴌฟ᏶஢ಶయࢆ⾲ࡍࠋ㸦E㸧ࡣ➨୕ษṑ࡜≟ṑࡢஙṑ࠿ࡽỌஂṑ࡬ࡢ஺᥮≧ἣࢆ♧ࡋࠊFL ࡣஙṑࠊ
FLЍ&, ࡣ஺᥮୰ࢆ⾲ࡍࠋ㹡㸧ࠋ➨஧ษṑࡀஙṑ࡛࠶ࡗࡓಶయ㸦i2㸧ࡣ 4㹼2 ᭶ࠊ஺᥮୰࡛࠶ࡗࡓಶయ㸦i2ЍI2㸧ࡣ
5㹼6 ᭶ࠊ11㹼3 ᭶ࠊỌஂṑ࡛࠶ࡗࡓಶయ㸦I2㸧ࡣ 5㹼6 ᭶ࠊ8㹼9 ᭶ࠊ11㹼3 ᭶࡟☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ㸦ᅗ㸱.㹢㸧๓⮻ṑࡀஙṑ࡛࠶ࡗࡓಶయ㸦p㸧ࡣ 4㹼11 ᭶ࠊ1㹼2 ᭶ࠊ஺᥮୰࡛࠶ࡗ
ࡓಶయ㸦pЍP㸧ࡣ 6㹼1 ᭶ࠊỌஂṑ࡛࠶ࡗࡓಶయ㸦P㸧ࡣ 5㹼6 ᭶ࠊ8㹼9 ᭶ࠊ11㹼3 ᭶࡟☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ㸦ᅗ㸱.㹣㸧
ࠋ ϩࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟࡚ࠊ඲࡚ࡢஙṑࡀỌஂṑ࡟⨨ࡁ᥮ࢃࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ⏕࠼᥮ࢃࡾᮇ㛫࡟ኚ␗ᖜࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ஺᥮ࡢ㡰␒࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ➨୕ษṑ࡜≟ṑࠊ➨୍ษṑࠊ๓⮻ṑࠊ➨஧ษṑࡢ㡰࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ㸰㸪㸱㸧ࠋϪࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ ➨୕ᚋ⮻ṑࡢ➨୍ࠊ஧ည㢌ࡀⴌฟࡋࡓಶయ㸦M3-1㸧ࡣ 10 ᭶࡜ 1㹼8 ᭶ࠊ➨୕ࠊᅄည㢌ࡀⴌฟࡋࡓಶయ㸦M3-2㸧ࡣ 7㹼8 ᭶ࠊ11㹼12 ᭶ࠊ2 ᭶ࠊ➨஬ࠊභည㢌ࡀⴌฟ㏵୰ࡢ
ಶయ㸦M3-2ЍM3-3㸧ࡣ 7㹼4 ᭶ࠊ➨஬ࠊභည㢌ࡀⴌฟࡋࡓಶయ㸦M3-3㸧ࡣ 9 ᭶࡜ 11
㹼6 ᭶࡟☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ㸲㸧ࠋ࡝ࡢⴌฟ≧ἣ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿᮇ㛫ࡀ㛗ࡃࡤࡽࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡓࠋ රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-5

㹟 

㹠 
㸦㹡㸧㸦㹢㸧㸦㹣㸧ᅗ ϩࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠊᤕ⋓᭶ࡈ࡜ࡢⴌฟࠊ஺᥮☜ㄆᩘ
㸦D㸧ࡣ➨஧ᚋ⮻ṑࡢⴌฟ≧ἣࢆ♧ࡋࠊ0(3 ࡣⴌฟ୰ࠊ0( ࡣⴌฟ᏶஢ಶయࢆ⾲ࡍࠋ㸦E㸧ࡣ≟ṑ࡜➨୕ษṑࡢஙṑ࠿ࡽỌஂṑ࡬ࡢ஺᥮≧ἣࢆ♧ࡋࠊFL ࡣஙṑࠊFLЍ&, ࡣ஺
᥮୰ࠊ&, ࡣỌஂṑࢆ⾲ࡍࠋ㸦&㸧ࡣ➨୍ษṑࡢஙṑ࠿ࡽỌஂṑ࡬ࡢ஺᥮≧ἣࢆ♧ࡋࠊLࡣஙṑࠊLЍ, ࡣ஺᥮୰ࠊ, ࡣỌஂṑࢆ⾲ࡍࠋ㸦G㸧➨஧ษṑࡢஙṑ࠿ࡽỌஂṑ࡬ࡢ஺᥮≧ἣࢆ♧ࡋࠊL ࡣஙṑࠊLЍ, ࡣ஺᥮୰ࠊ, ࡣỌஂṑࢆ⾲ࡍࠋ㸦H㸧ࡣ๓⮻ṑࡢஙṑ࠿ࡽỌஂṑ࡬ࡢ஺᥮≧ἣࢆ♧ࡋࠊS ࡣஙṑࠊSЍ3 ࡣ஺᥮୰ࠊ3 ࡣỌஂṑࢆ⾲ࡍࠋ රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-5ᅗ Ϫࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠊᤕ⋓᭶ࡈ࡜ࡢⴌฟ☜ㄆᩘ➨୕ᚋ⮻ṑࡢⴌฟ≧ἣࢆ♧ࡋࠊ0 ࡣ➨୍ࠊ஧ည㢌ࡀⴌฟࡋࡓ≧ែࠊ0 ࡣ➨୕ࠊᅄည㢌ࡀⴌฟࡋࡓ≧ែ 0 ࡣ➨஬ࠊභည㢌ࡀⴌฟࡋࡓ≧ែࢆ⾲ࡍࠋ0Ѝ0ࡣࠊ➨஬ࠊභည㢌ࡀⴌฟ୰ࡢ≧ែࢆ⾲ࡍࠋϫࠊϬࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ ➨୕ᚋ⮻ṑࡀ➨୐ည㢌ࡲ࡛඲࡚ⴌฟࡋࡓಶయ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊṑࡢᦶ⁛ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ
ϫࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡣ 8 ᭶࡜ 10㹼3 ᭶࡟☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ㸳㹟㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊᦶ⁛ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓϬࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢಶయࡣ඲࡚ࡢᮇ㛫୰࡟☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ㸳㹠㸧ࠋ㸦㹟㸧㸦㹠㸧ᅗ ϫࠊϬࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟࠾ࡅࡿⴌฟ࡜ᦶ⁛≧ἣ
㸦D㸧ࡣ➨୕ᚋ⮻ṑࡢⴌฟࡀ᏶஢ࡋṑࡢᦶ⁛ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓಶయࠊ㸦E㸧ࡣᦶ⁛ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓಶయࢆ♧ࡍࠋṑࡢⴌฟ࡜஺᥮ࡣࠊ඲యⓗ࡟ኚ␗ᖜࡀ㢧ⴭ࡟኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢኚ␗ᖜࢆຍ࿡ࡋ࡚ࡲ
࡜ࡵࡿ࡜௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡎ 0 ṓ࡛ࡣ෤࡟➨୍ᚋ⮻ṑ㸦M1㸧ࡢⴌฟࡀ᏶஢ࡋ㸦ᅗ㸰.㹟㸧ࠊ෤࠿ࡽ⩣᫓࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࠊ➨୕ษṑ㸦I3㸧࡜≟ṑ㸦C㸧ࡀ⏕࠼ኚࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦ᅗ㸰.
㹠, ᅗ㸱.㹠㸧
ࠋḟ࡟ 1 ṓࢆ㏄࠼ࡿ᫓࠿ࡽึኟ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚➨஧ᚋ⮻ṑ㸦M2㸧ࡀⴌฟࡋ࡚㸦ᅗ
㸱.㹟㸧ࠊ➨୍ษṑ㸦I1㸧ࡀ⏕࠼ኚࢃࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ㸱.㹡㸧ࠋ1 ṓࡢኟ㹼⛅࡟࠿ࡅ࡚๓⮻ṑ㸦P㸧ࡀ⏕࠼ኚࢃࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ㸱.㹣㸧
ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸯ṓࡢ⛅࠿ࡽ෤࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࠊ➨஧ษṑ㸦I2㸧ࡢ⏕࠼ኚ රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-5ࢃࡾ㸦ᅗ㸱.㹢㸧࡜➨୕ᚋ⮻ṑࡢⴌฟࡀ㛤ጞࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ2 ṓࡢ⛅࠿ࡽ෤࡟࠿ࡅ࡚➨୕ᚋ⮻ṑࡢ➨୕ࠊᅄည㢌࠾ࡼࡧ➨஬ࠊභည㢌ࡀⴌฟࡋࠊ3 ṓࡢ⛅࠿ࡽ෤࡟࠿ࡅ࡚᭱ᚋࡢ➨୐ည㢌ࡀⴌฟࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸲㸧ࠋ௨ୖࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡓරᗜ┴ࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢ࠾࠾ࡼࡑࡢᖺ㱋ᰝᐃ⾲ࢆᅗ㸴࡟♧ࡍࠋ

ṓ,

ṓ

ஙṑ,

ṓ

஺᥮୰

ஙṑ

ṓỌஂṑ
஺᥮୰

Ọஂṑ

,ஙṑ஺᥮୰

Ọஂṑ&ஙṑ஺᥮୰Ọஂṑ

30ஙṑ஺᥮୰Ọஂṑ

ⴌฟ୰0Ọஂṑⴌฟ୰Ọஂṑ00ⴌฟ୰0Ọஂṑ0ᅗ රᗜ┴࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢᖺ㱋ᰝᐃ⾲, ࡣ➨୍ษṑࠊ, ࡣ➨஧ษṑࠊ, ࡣ➨୕ษṑࠊF ࡣ≟ṑࠊ3 ࡣ๓⮻ṑࠊ0 ࡣ➨୍ᚋ⮻ṑࠊ0 ࡣ➨஧ᚋ⮻ṑࠊ0 ࡣ➨୕ᚋ⮻ṑࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡲࡓ➨୕ᚋ⮻ṑ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ0 ࡣ➨୍ࠊ஧ည㢌ࡲ࡛ࠊ0 ࡣ➨୕ࠊᅄည㢌ࡲ࡛ࠊ0 ࡣ➨஬ࠊභည㢌ࡲ࡛ⴌฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ែࢆ♧ࡍࠋ㸬රᗜ┴ࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢᖺ㱋ᵓᡂ㞤㞝ࡀุᐃ࡛ࡁࡓ 451 㢌ࡢᖺ㱋ࡣ 0㹼11 ṓࡲ࡛☜ㄆࡉࢀࠊᖺ㱋ᵓᡂࡣࣆ࣑ࣛࢵࢻᆺࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸵㸧ࠋ඲య࡟ᑐࡍࡿ 0 ṓࡢ๭ྜࡣࠊ࢜ࢫ࡛ࡣ 34.6㸣㸦N=81㸧ࠊ࣓ࢫ࡛ࡣ 24.4%
㸦N=67㸧ࠊ1 ṓࡢ๭ྜࡣࠊ࢜ࢫ࡛ࡣ 31.2%㸦N=73㸧ࠊ࣓ࢫ࡛ࡣ 25.5%㸦N=70㸧࡜࡞ࡾࠊ0 ṓ࡜ 1 ṓ࡛඲యࡢ༙ᩘࢆ༨ࡵࡓࠋ㞤㞝ࡢ೫ࡾ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ0㹼1 ṓ࡛ࡣ࢜ࢫࡢ᪉ࡀከ
࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊ2 ṓ௨㝆ࡣ࣓ࢫࡢ᪉ࡀከ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
᭱㧗ᖺ㱋ࡣ࢜ࢫ࡛ࡣ 8 ṓ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ
࣓ࢫ࡛ࡣ 11 ṓ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-5

ᅗ රᗜ┴࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢᖺ㱋ᵓᡂ㸬⪃ᐹ㸬ᖺ㱋ᰝᐃ᪉ἲ ⴌฟࠊ஺᥮᫬ᮇࡢኚ␗ᖜ
ᮏ◊✲ࡼࡾࠊ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢୗ㢡ࡢṑࡢⴌฟ࡜஺᥮᫬ᮇ࡟ࡣኚ␗ᖜࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋⴌฟ୰ࡸ஺᥮୰࡛࠶ࡗࡓಶయ࡟㝈ᐃࡋ࡚ࡶほᐹࡉࢀࡿኚ␗ࡢᮇ㛫ࡣ 6㹼8 ࠿᭶࡟ཬࢇࡔ㸦ᅗ㸰ࠊ㸱㸧ࠋࡇࡢኚ␗ᖜࡀ⏕ࡌࡿせᅉࡣ 2 ࡘᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ୍ࡘࡣࠊࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜ࡢฟ⏕᫬ᮇࡢኚ␗ᖜ࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣࠊฟ⏕ᚋࡢṑࡢⴌฟ࡜஺᥮ࡢ㐍⾜≧ἣࡢಶయᕪ࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ୰࡛๓⪅࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊරᗜ┴ࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ࡛ࡣࠊ⫾㱋᥎ᐃࡼࡾ⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓฟ⏘᫬ᮇࡢኚ␗ᖜࡣࠊ⣙ 5 ࠿᭶࡜ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㎷࣭ᶓᒣ2014㸧ࠋᮏ◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊฟ⏘᫬ᮇࡢኚ␗ᖜࡼࡾࡶ㛗࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊฟ⏕ᚋࡢṑࡢⴌฟ࡜஺᥮≧ἣ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶಶయᕪࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ㐣ཤࡢ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶṑࡢⴌฟ࡜஺᥮᫬ᮇࡣࠊಶయࡢᰤ㣴≧ែࡸ⑌⑓ࠊ⦾Ṫ≧ἣ࡞࡝ᵝࠎ࡞せᅉࡀᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚ࠊᖜࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Boitani & Mattei 1992; Bridault et al. 2000;
Mangnel & Carter 2007; Anezaki 2009㸧ࠋࡉࡽ࡟⏕⫱⎔ቃࡀ⤫୍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㣫⫱ಶయ
࡛ࡶ 0.3㹼4.5 ࠿᭶ࡢಶయᕪࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Matschke 1967㸧ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ࢖ࣀࢩ
ࢩࡢṑࡢⴌฟ࡜஺᥮᫬ᮇࡢኚ␗ᖜࡣࠊ༢࡟ฟ⏕᫬ᮇࡢࡤࡽࡘࡁࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᡂ㛗ẁ㝵࡟࠾ࡅࡿಶయᕪࡀᙉࡃᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊ᭶㱋ᰝᐃࡸ㐌㱋ᰝᐃࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-5

࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢᖺ㱋ᰝᐃ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ๓㏙ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾṑࡢⴌฟ࡜஺᥮࡟ኚ␗ᖜࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ࠾࠾ࡼࡑࡢᖺ㱋ᰝᐃࡢ┠Ᏻࢆసᡂࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸴㸧ࠋୗ㢡ࡢṑࡢⴌฟ࡜஺᥮ࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡿ㡰␒࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ
Matschcke㸦1967㸧ࡢሗ࿌࡜୍⮴ࡋࡓࡀࠊBoitani & Mattei㸦1992㸧ࡸ Anezaki 㸦2009㸧ࡣࠊ➨஧ษṑࡢⴌฟࡼࡾࡶඛ࡟➨୍ษṑࡢ஺᥮ࡀඛ࡟㉳ࡇࡿ࡜ሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ┦㐪ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋṑࡢⴌฟ࡜஺᥮᫬ᮇ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ㐣ཤࡢሗ࿌㸦Matschcke 1967; Boitani & Mattei
1992; Anezaki 2009㸧࡜୍⮴ࡍࡿ㒊ศࠊ๓ᚋࡍࡿ㒊ศࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢṑࡢⴌฟ࡜஺᥮ࡢ㡰␒ࡸ᫬ᮇ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊಶయᕪ࠾ࡼࡧᑐ㇟ಶయ⩌ࡸᑐ㇟ᆅᇦ࡛ࡢኚ␗ࡶ኱ࡁ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊ඲ᅜ୍ᚊ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ㄗᕪࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍᜍࢀࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢᖺ㱋ᰝᐃ⾲ࡶ࠾࠾ࡼࡑࡢ┠Ᏻ࡜ࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ➨୕ᚋ⮻ṑࡢⴌฟ≧ἣࡣ࡜ࡃ࡟ኚ␗ᖜࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸦ᅗ㸲㸹
Matschcke 1967; Boitani & Mattei 1992; Anezaki 2009㸧ࠊほᐹࡉࢀࡿ᫬ᮇ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣࠊⴌฟࡔࡅ࡛ᖺ㱋ᰝᐃࢆࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ➨୍ᚋ⮻ṑࡢࢭ࣓ࣥࢺ㉁ᒙࡢᖺ㍯ᩘࡢ࢝࢘ࣥࢺࡶ⾜ࡗ࡚ࠊ཮᪉ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆࡶ࡜࡟ᖺ㱋ࢆỴᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ
➨୍ษṑ࡜➨୕ษṑࠊ≟ṑࡢ஺᥮≧ἣ➼࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟᫬ᮇࡀࡎࢀ࡚࠸ࡿಶయࡀ
1㹼2 㢌☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ㸱㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣࠊ᫓௨እ࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡓಶయࠊࡘࡲࡾ⛅࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡓಶయ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊṑࡢⴌฟࠊ஺᥮≧ἣࡢ☜ㄆ࡟࡚ࠊ⛅Ꮚࡢ๭ྜࡸࡑࡢ⏕Ꮡ⋡ࢆ᥎ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࠊ௒ᚋࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ᳨ウࡀᚲせ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ㸬රᗜ┴࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢᖺ㱋ᵓᡂᤕ⋓ಶయࡢᖺ㱋ᵓᡂࡣࠊ㔝⏕ࡢಶయ⩌ࢆᚲࡎࡋࡶ཯ᫎࡍࡿ࡜ࡣ㝈ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᩪ⏣ 2011㸧ࡀࠊᮏ◊✲ࡣ㏻ᖺ࡛཰㞟ࡋࡓ㇏ᐩ࡞ᶆᮏᩘ࡟᳨࡚ウࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ
࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢุ᩿ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡎරᗜ┴ࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢᖺ㱋ᵓᡂࡣࠊⱝ㱋ᒙࡢከ࠸ࣆ࣑ࣛࢵࢻᆺࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸵㸧ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊಶయᩘࡣቑຍഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡣ⟽ࢃ࡞ࡸᅖ࠸ࢃ࡞࡛ᤕ⋓ࡋࡓሙྜࠊ0 ṓࡀྠ᫬࡟」ᩘ㢌ᤕ⋓ࡉࢀࡓࡾࠊ0 ṓࡔࡅࡀᤕ⋓ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᡂ⋇ಶయࡀᤕ⋓ࡋ࡟ࡃࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Ụཱྀ
2003㸹す 2003㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢᑐ㇟ಶయ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⟽ࢃ࡞ࡸᅖ࠸ࢃ࡞࡛ᤕ⋓ࡉࢀࡓಶయࡶࡃࡃࡾࢃ࡞࡛ᤕ⋓ࡉࢀࡓಶయࡶࠊ୍ᵝ࡟ 0 ṓ࡜ 1 ṓࡀ඲యࡢ༙ᩘ௨ୖࢆ༨ࡵ
ࡓࡇ࡜㸦㎷ ᮍⓎ⾲㸧࠿ࡽࠊ⌧᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡣࠊᤕ⋓᪉ἲ࡟ࡼࡿ኱ࡁ࡞ᖺ㱋ࡢ೫ࡾࡣぢࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢሗ࿌࡛ࡣࠊᤕ⋓ᅽࡀ㧗࠸ಶయ⩌࡯࡝ᖺ㱋ᵓᡂࡀⱝ㱋࡟೫ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Milkowski & Wójcik 1984; Fernandez-Llari et al. 2003㸧ࠋරᗜ┴ࡣࠊྂࡃ࠿ࡽ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢ㈨※ⓗ౯್ࡀᴟࡵ࡚㧗ࡃࠊ᫛࿴ 30 ᖺ௦㸦ᶓᒣ 2014㸧ࡼࡾ⊁⊟ᮇ࡟ࡣ㧗࠸ᤕ⋓ᅽࡀ࠿ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᶓᒣ 2014㸧ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᮏ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚0 ṓ࡜ 1 ṓࡢಶయࡢ๭ྜࡀከࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊරᗜ┴≉᭷ࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㧗࠸ᤕ⋓ᅽࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ཯ᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ḟ࡟ࠊ㞤㞝ࡢ೫ࡾ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ௒ᅇࠊ0 ṓ࡜ 1 ṓࡣ࢜ࢫࡀከࡃࠊ2 ṓ௨㝆ࡣ࣓ࢫࡢ᪉ රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-5

ࡀከࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ࡜ࡃ࡟ 5 ṓ௨㝆࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ࣓ࢫࡀ༨ࡵࡿ๭ྜࡀᴟ➃࡟ከࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ᭱㧗ᖺ㱋ࡶ࣓ࢫࡢ᪉ࡀ 3 ṓୖᅇࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ㸵㸧ࠋᅜෆࡢ௚ᆅᇦࡢ㱋ᵓᡂ㸦す 2003㸧ࡸ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ
ࡢಶయ⩌ࡢ㱋ᵓᡂ㸦Fernandez-Llari et al. 2003㸧࡛ࡶྠᵝࡢഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢ≉᭷ࡢ⩌ࢀᵓᡂࡸ⾜ື≉ᛶ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㞤㞝࡛ᑑ࿨ࡀ␗࡞ࡾࠊ࣓ࢫࡢ᪉ࡀ࢜ࢫࡼࡾࡶ㧗㱋ࡲ࡛⏕Ꮡࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࡇࢀࡽࡢሗ࿌ࡣࠊ඲࡚ᤕ⋓ಶయࡀᑐ㇟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ㞤㞝ࡸᖺ㱋࡟ࡼࡿᤕ⋓ࡢࡉࢀࡸࡍࡉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ௒ᚋࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ᳨ウࡀᚲせ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋㅰ㎡
 ᮏ◊✲ࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡾࠊ2003 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2013 ᖺࡢ 10 ᖺ㛫࡟රᗜ┴⊟཭఍ࡢከࡃࡢ
ᨭ㒊ࡢⓙࡉࡲ࡟ᶆᮏࢆࡈᥦ౪㡬ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋⓙࡉࡲࡢከ኱࡞ࡿࡈ༠ຊ࡞ࡋ࡛ࡣᮏ◊✲ࡣ㐙⾜࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢሙࢆ೉ࡾ࡚ࠊ῝ࡃᚚ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ

ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩
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Ụཱྀ♸㍜㸬2003㸬࢖ࣀࢩࢩ࠿ࡽ⏣⏿ࢆᏲࡿ ࠾ࡶࡋࢁ࠸⏕ែ࡜࠿ࡋࡇ࠸㜵ࡂ᪉㸬pp.152㸬㸦♫㸧㎰ᮧ⁺ᮧᩥ໬༠఍㸪ᮾி㸬Fernandez-Llario, P., Mateos-Quesada, P., Silvério, A., and Santos, P. 2003. Habitat
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ᯘⰋ༤࣭ す⏣㝯㞝࣭ ᮃ᭶බᏊ࣭ ℩⏣Ꮨⱱ㸬1977㸬᪥ᮏ⏘࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢṑ∳࡟ࡼࡿᖺ௧࡜ᛶ
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ᩪ⏣ᰤ㔛ዉ࣭ᶓᒣ┿ᘪ࣭୰ᮧᖾᏊ࣭᳃ග⏤ᶞ㸬2011㸬රᗜ┴࡟࠾࠸࡚ᤕ⋓ࡉࢀࡓࢶ࢟ࣀ࣡
ࢢ࣐ࡢᛶ࣭ᖺ㱋ᵓᡂࡢ≉ᚩ㸬ࠕරᗜ┴࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢶ࢟ࣀ࣡ࢢ࣐ࡢಖㆤ⟶⌮ࡢ⌧≧࡜ㄢ㢟㸬ࠖ㸪රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 3 ྕ㸪pp.94-101㸬රᗜ┴᳃ᯘື≀◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸬ᆏ⏣ᏹᚿ࣭ᓊᮏᗣ㄃࣭㛵㤶⳯Ꮚ㸬2012㸬࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢಶయ⩌ືែࡢ᥎ᐃ㸦රᗜ┴ᮏᕞ㒊 2011ᖺ㸧㸬රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ 1 ྕ㸪pp.44-55㸬රᗜ┴᳃ᯘື≀◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸬㡲⸨㸦ᒣ㊰㸧᫂Ꮚヂ㸬2001㸬ᛶุู࡜㱋ᰝᐃ㸬᪥ᮏ㔝⏕ື≀་Ꮫ఍࣭㔝⏕⏕≀ಖㆤᏛ఍┘ಟ㸪㕥ᮌṇႹ⦅ヂ㸪㔝⏕ື≀ࡢ◊✲࡜⟶⌮ᢏ⾡㸬ᩥỌᇽฟ∧㸪ᮾி㸪pp224-256㸬
㎷▱㤶࣭ᶓᒣ┿ᘪ㸬2014㸬රᗜ┴࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢽ࣍ࣥ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢᇶᮏⓗ⦾Ṫ≉ᛶ㸬ࠕරᗜ┴࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢽ࣍ࣥ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢ⟶⌮ࡢ⌧≧࡜ㄢ㢟㸬ࠖ㸪රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6 ྕ㸪
pp.84-92㸪රᗜ┴᳃ᯘື≀◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸬ࠕරᗜ┴࡟࠾ࡅᶓᒣ┿ᘪ㸬2014㸬රᗜ┴࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢽ࣍ࣥ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢಖㆤ⟶⌮ࡢ⌧≧࡜ㄢ㢟㸬ࡿࢽ࣍ࣥ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢ⟶⌮ࡢ⌧≧࡜ㄢ㢟㸬ࠖ㸪රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6 ྕ㸪pp.1-8㸪රᗜ┴᳃ᯘື≀◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸬 