Le Systeme International d’Unites
Table 2.1 SI base units
ValueSymbol (Name)

Definition

Times (second)
periods of the radiation of caesium
Length m（meter）
velocity of light in vacuum
Masskg（kilogram） international prototype
Electric currentA（ampere）
Force between conductors
Temperature
K（kelvin）
Triple point of water
Amount of a substance mol（mole） atoms in 0.012 kilogram ofcarbon 12
Avogadro's number 6.0221415 × 1023
Luminous intensity cd（candela） radiation of frequency
540×1012 hertz© Shigehiro Hashimoto 2013, Published by Corona Publishing Co., Ltd. Tokyo, JapanTable 2.2 Powers of ten and unit prefixes
Prefix (Name) power times

Prefix (Name) power times

Y (yotta) ×1024
Z (zetta) × 1021
E (exa) ×1018
P (peta) ×1015
T (tera) ×1012
G (giga) ×109
M (mega) ×106
K (kilo) ×103
H (hecto) ×102
Da (deka) ×10

D (deci)×10－1
c (centi) ×10－2
m (mili) ×10－3
μ (micro) ×10－6
n (nano) ×10－9
p (pico) ×10－12f (femto) ×10－15
a (atto)×10－18
z (zepto) ×10－21
y (yocto) ×10－24© Shigehiro Hashimoto 2013, Published by Corona Publishing Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan

Fig. 2.1: Principle of electrocardiograph
Va－Vb
Time tVa
Depolarization

PeriodRepolarization
Time tVbTime t© Shigehiro Hashimoto 2013, Published by Corona Publishing Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan

Fig. 2.2: Immuno-staining

0.1 mm© Shigehiro Hashimoto 2013, Published by Corona Publishing Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan

Fig. 2.3(a): Vibrating electrode[Fixed electrode]

Resistance R[Vibrating electrode]Frequency fResistance R +ΔR© Shigehiro Hashimoto 2013, Published by Corona Publishing Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan

Fig. 2.3(b): Vibrating electrode

CellElectrode0.05 mm© Shigehiro Hashimoto 2013, Published by Corona Publishing Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan

Fig. 2.4: Biological system
Signal processing
Memory[Nerve system][Brain]Signal transduction

Sensor[Sensory organ]© Shigehiro Hashimoto 2013, Published by Corona Publishing Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan

Fig. 2.5: Electric current through lipid bilayer
Lipid bilayer

Hydrophilic group

Hydrophobic group
High frequency

Low frequency© Shigehiro Hashimoto 2013, Published by Corona Publishing Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japanvv

T/2i00Tti

T/2

Fig. 2.6: Lissajous figure
Tt© Shigehiro Hashimoto 2013, Published by Corona Publishing Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan

Fig. 2.7: Tissue grouping

KidneyIntestinal mucosa

FatLiverCardiac muscle

0.1 mm© Shigehiro Hashimoto 2013, Published by Corona Publishing Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan

Fig. 2.8: pH measurement with light

Microscope

Illuminant© Shigehiro Hashimoto 2013, Published by Corona Publishing Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan

Fig. 2.9: Measurement with laser
SampleDetector

MirrorIlluminantFilter© Shigehiro Hashimoto 2013, Published by Corona Publishing Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan

Fig. 2.10: Measurement of skintemperature with infra-red ray
Light source &Detector© Shigehiro Hashimoto 2013, Published by Corona Publishing Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan

Fig. 2.11: Principle of electromagnetic
flowmeter
Magnetic field
Electrolytes flow

Electric field© Shigehiro Hashimoto 2013, Published by Corona Publishing Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan

Fig. 2.12: Gravitational equilibrium

Subject

Standard mass

W1

W2
Fulcrum© Shigehiro Hashimoto 2013, Published by Corona Publishing Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan

Fig. 2.13: Wheatstone bridgebR2R3iGaR1dRxcE

R2／R1＝R3／Rx(2.2)© Shigehiro Hashimoto 2013, Published by Corona Publishing Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan

Fig. 2.14: MRI (magnetic resonance image)(a) Probe(b) MRI of Knee

Primary coil

Secondary coil

© Shigehiro Hashimoto 2013, Published by Corona Publishing Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan

Fig. 2.15: Test of difference in themean value
Frequency(Normal distribution)
Group AμA －μB=σ, n=mn>9, 5%, n>16, 1%

Group BσσμAσParameterμB

Significance level© Shigehiro Hashimoto 2013, Published by Corona Publishing Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan