Guidelines for community-based MSW management
planning in Beijing city china
Aijun ZHU* Yosiro HIGANO Helmut YABAR(University of Tsukuba Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences)

1. Introduction
Beijing, the capital city of China, is located in the northern part of the North China Plain. The
population of the city was 19.61 million at the end of 2010(City of Beijing, 2010), including
12.57 million permanent residents and 7.04 million migrant population.
The waste-management system in the city, which consists of eight urban districts, is full ofcomplexities. Over 90% of the waste is buried in landfills. There are 28 waste-management
facilities located in the districts, including 17 landfills, 2 composting and 3 incinerators. All thewaste generated in urban districts is disposed of by the facilities located in suburb districts. All of
the 10 suburb districts have their own waste treatment facilities. Over the past three decades,
MSW generation in Beijing City has increased tremendously from 1.04 million tons in 1978 to4.134 million tons in 2006. It is forecast that the waste generation in the city in 2012 will reach
9.14 million tons (25 thousand tons/day) and in 2015 will reach 11.52 million tons (about 30
thousand tons/day). The facilities operate under overloaded conditions, with average overloading
rate 30%. If these trends continue the amount of waste will surpass the capacity of transfer
stations, treatment plants and final disposal sites. In addition the waste treatment structure is also
unreasonable, over 90% of the waste go to landfill that not only waste of resource but also wasteof land.
Since the Beijing Olympic, Beijing set a target to be a world, green city. However, low-carbon
green waste management becomes indispensable requirement, to solve outstanding problems
Beijing government published a future planning and principle for waste management, in thatplanning, reduction, recycling/reuse are be highlighted, 3 objectives are determined. 1. Increasing
treatment capacity. 2. Adjusting treatment structure. 3. Promoting waste reduction.
In older to reach objectives, Composting fertility and incineration fertility will be improved andconstructed. But due to environmental and health problems occurring in the vicinity of current
waste treatment and final disposal plants, residents show strong rejection to the construction ofsuch facilities, especially to incineration fertility. Solid waste management facilities represent
long-term commitments of public resources that can dramatically alter the quality of life in acommunity. In order to address this urgent challenges this research proposes the introduction of
an integral waste management system that includes not only technological and logistics aspects
associated with waste collection, treatment and disposal but will also incorporate the local
community and stakeholder participation, in the process of decision-making.2. Methodology
Using integrated evaluation and assessment methodology including Life Cycle Assessment(LCA), Life Cycle Inventory (LCI), Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA), Cost-benefit
assessment, as well as social assessment tools
3. Research flow

3.1 Current situation/Gap
3.2 Government future plan study
1. Increasing treatment capacity: daily municipal solid waste treatment capacity. In 2012 willreach 17 thousand tons, almost realizing restaurant and kitchen waste separate collection andrecycling treatment; daily municipal solid waste management capacity in 2015 will reach near 30thousand tons, which meet the municipal solid waste management capacity in the city. Select thesite in advance, perform the waste treatment facilities construction project and meet thesustainable development demands in the future.

2. Adjusting treatment structure: actively carry on waste incineration, which is planned andconstructed in accordance with the waste composition, generation quantity and facilities
construction and planning. Waste incineration, biochemical treatment and landfill ratio in 2012
will be 2:3:5, which realizes zero landfill of crude waste in urban area; the ratio will be 4:3:3 in
2015, which meets the demand for categorized waste and realizes zero landfill of crude waste in
the city.
3. Promoting waste reduction: establishing waste separate collection and transportation systemassociated with the household waste incineration and comprehensive treatment technology andcontrol increasing of waste generation with economic, legal, administrative and technical means.
Annual increasing rate of household waste generation will be reduced by 1% to 2% and reduced
to 5% in 2015, and conformity rate of waste separate collection reaches about 50%; annual
increasing rate of household waste generation will be 0, and conformity rate of waste separate
collection reaches about 65%.
3.3 Scenarios setting
Scenario 0: current system
Scenario a: incineration with recycle
Scenario a’: incineration without recycle
Scenario b: incineration and composting with recycle……….

4. Analysis
5. Social cost-benefit analysis
6. Introduction of MSW management policy
7. Future work
Date collection and calculations. Consider how to link local community and stakeholder
participation into the MSW management system during the policy determination.

References
Municipal Solid Waste Management in Beijing in Perspective of World City
WANG Hongzhong Vice-Chairman, Beijing Municipal Commission of City Administration andEnvironment
Environmental impact assessment of solid waste management in Beijing City, China
Yan Zhao a,b, Thomas H. Christensen c, Wenjing Lu a, Huayong Wua, Hongtao Wang
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing,
China
Survey of composition and generation rate of household wastes in Beijing, ChinaXiao-yan Qu a,
Zhen-shan Li a,b,*, Xin-yuan Xie a, Yu-mei Sui b, Lei Yang b, You Chen ba The Key aboratoryfor Environmental and Urban Sciences, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen
Beijing Statistical year book 2006,2010