Ex-Post Monitoring of Japanese ODA Loan ProjectSouth Africa
Kwandebele Region Water Augmentation Project
External Monitoring Consultant: Katsumi Matsuyama, Nakamoto&Associates Co., Ltd.
1. Project Description

Project Location

Bronkhorstspruit Water Purification Plant

1.1 Project Objective
The project aims to fulfill the present and future water demand in Kwandebele region, one of theformer homelands, by installing conduits and water pipes and expanding water purification andpumping facilities in the region thereby contribute to the improvement of the sanitation environment
and the activation of industries.

1.2 Outline of the Loan Agreement
Approved Amount / Disbursed Amount

3,097 million yen / 1,814million yen

Loan Agreement Signing Date /May 1996 / November 2003

Final Disbursement Date
Ex-Post Evaluation

2006

Executing Agency

Department of Water Affairs (DWAF)

Main Contractor

Fregold-Construction (South Africa)・
Valente-Bros (South Africa) (JV)

Main Consultant-

1.3 Background of Ex-post Monitoring
Kwandebele region, located approximately 60 km east of the capital Pretoria, is one of the former

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homelands. Because of its geographical location, Kwandebele region was developing as the largest
township for black residents commuting to Pretoria. The region was experiencing rapid population
growth marking an annual growth rate of approximately 7.5% for several years prior to the appraisalof this project. However, Kwandebele region did not have sufficient infrastructure such as watersupply. To improve this situation, this project implemented installation of water pipes, constructionof water treatment plants, and expansion of pump facilities.
However, with the enactment of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa in 1997, Water
Service Act was signed into law according to a policy on water supply and sanitation and watersupply policies of local municipalities were reviewed on a national scale.1 Review of the water
policy of the Kwandebele region uncovered the fact that expending a large capital for drawing waterfrom Great Dry Dam was unnecessary. Hence, the project was cancelled in 2000. As a result of thepolicy change of the country, the jurisdiction of water supply was planned to be transferred from
Ministry of Water Affairs (DWAF) to local municipalities. But since the local governments had notbeen established, and organizations to assume the role of water service provider (WSP) in the region
were nonexistent, Ikangala Water Board (IWB) was organized as a body to implement the
installation of water supply infrastructure and the operation and maintenance of the facilities. At thetime of ex-post evaluation (2006), the DWAF was providing IWB with personnel and financial
support. However, they were insufficient. The local municipalities had not entered into a watersupply agreement with IWB, and payments for water supply were not being made. Based upon thefact that the IWB had not employed any engineers, and the resignation of CEO and five members ofthe management staff, it was judged that IWB was lacking the capacity to sustain the water supply
service. There was concern over the sustainability over the project, as the capacity was insufficient toeffectively utilize the facilities installed by this project and satisfy the water needs for the region.
Under these circumstances, in the ex-post evaluation report, recommendations were made to Japan
International Cooperation Agency (JICA) to organize the problems, carefully analyze the situation,
and apply the lessons learned from this project to future project formation. Recommendation was
also made to the South African local governments to establish relations with appropriate Water
Service Providers (WSP) as Water Service Authority (WSA) as soon as possible.
Therefore, this project was selected for ex-post monitoring and reviewed under each criterion withthe findings from the field survey and other research activities with a final conclusion being drawn.

1(1) Water Services Authority (WSA): Functions of administration, planning, and regulations
concerning water supply services (it was stipulated that the local municipalities having
jurisdiction over each service area shall serve as WSAs)(2) Water Services Provider (WSP): Functions of designing, construction, ownership, operation,
maintenance and customer relations concerning water supply services
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2. Outline of the Monitoring Study
2.1 External Monitoring Consultant
Katsumi Matsuyama (Nakamoto & Associates Co., Ltd.)

2.2 Duration of Monitoring Study
Duration of the Study: September 2012 – June 2013
Duration of the Field Study: November 16, 2012 – November 24, 2012

2.3 Constraints During the Monitoring StudyAt the time of the appraisal of this project in 1996, current Western Highveld region (former
Kwandebele region) represented an administrative area of former homeland. However, according to
the interview with DWAF, Western Highveld is merely a name for the historical region, in which,currently, its boundary passes through four local municipalities (There were five municipalities at thetime of ex-post evaluation. The municipalities were reorganized subsequently). The region name isused by the water suppliers for the operation of the facilities, since multiple municipalities share thefacilities within the region. The water supplied by the facility is utilized by municipalities inside andoutside of the region.

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Source: Reference obtained from Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
MM (Metropolitan Municipality): administrative body of metropolitan area. Also holds authority as
regional district municipality.
DM (District Municipality): administrative organization under the state and above LM
LM (Local Municipality): administrative organization under DM. Lowest in the hierarchy ofadministrative bodies.

Figure 1 Western Highveld Region

This study revealed that the data pertaining to this area does not exist, since Western Highveld
region is neither a name of an administrative district nor a collection of administrative districts.
Western Highveld is a region designated for the purpose of operating the water service facilities, andits boundary passes through parts of the four neighboring local municipalities.
Since Western Highveld is not an administrative district, water supply and consumption data
pertaining to this particular region could not be obtained. Therefore, efforts were made to obtain
alternative data which are comparable to the ex-post evaluation.

3. Monitoring Results
3.1 Effectiveness3.1.1 Quantitative Effects
3.1.1.1 Results from Operation and Effect Indicators(1) Volume of Water Supply and Water Supplied Population
According to "Blue Drop Report 2011" issued by DWAF, the water-supplied populations of fourmunicipalities, which are partially a part of Western Highveld (Greater Sekhukhune, Dr. JS Moroka,

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Thembisile, City of Tshwane) have reached 3.7million, and the volume of supplied water is 300,000㎥ per day (Table 1). According to the interview with DWAF, although there are persistent problemsof leakage and illegal connection to water supply pipes, Western Highveld region have notexperienced any water shortage due to the above mentioned reasons or any other reasons. At the timeof the study, there were problems with water pipes near some villages, and DWAF was working torepair the pipelines.

Table 1 Water supplied population and Volume of Water Supply in four municipalities
Population suppliedwith water(persons)

M unicipality

Volume of watersupply(㎥/day)G. Sekhukhune DM

854,093

95,627

Dr. JS M oroka LM

218,290

2,000

Thembisile LM

264,400

50,3992,445,083

156,497

City of Tshwane M M

Source: DWAF Blue Drop Report 2011*value from ex-post evaluation

Calculating from the data from Table 1, each resident of the four municipalities receive
approximately 79 liters (0.07 ㎥) of water per day. In the Reconstruction and Development Program,water supply of 20-30 liters per person per day was held as a short-term goal, and 50-60 liters perperson per day was held as a mid-term goal. Current numbers exceed both of these goals.
For the reasons mentioned above, data for the supply and demand of water pertaining to the
Kwandebele region could not be obtained. However, considering the calculation from the watersupplied population and supplied volume and the result from the DWAF interview, water shortage
could not be detected in the four municipalities studied by this project.

(2) Component Capacity
The capacities of the 4 components installed by this project are as follows:

7-5Table 2: Capacity of Components
Capacity

Component
2006*

2012

Installation of Ekangala-Enkeldoornoog
Gemsbokkspruit water pipe

Length: 42km
Capacity: 1㎥/s

Length: 42km
Capacity: 1㎥/s

Ekangala regulating reservoir

Capacity：20,000㎥

Capacity：20,000㎥

Enkeldoornoog regulating reservoir

Capacity：11,000㎥

Capacity：11,000㎥

3

Kwandebele Region regulating reservoir

Capacity：10,000㎥ × 2

Capacity：10,000㎥ × 2

4Procurement of equipment for Bronkhorstspruit
water treatment facilities

Treatment Capacity：
21 million ㎥/day

Treatment Capacity：
54 million ㎥/day

1

2

Source: DWAF

*data from ex-post evaluation

The data obtained for the capacity of Bronkhorstspruit water treatment plant differ from thosereported in the ex-post evaluation report. According to an interview with DWAF, there were no
renovations made after the ex-post evaluation, and the reason for the difference between the two
numbers is unknown. Otherwise, there are no changes in the capacity of the components from thetime of ex-post evaluation.
Utilization statuses of the four components are as follows.
・ Bronkhorstspruit water treatment plant treats 43,000 ㎥ of water per day supplied from Rand
Water Board, utilizing the water treatment facility implemented by this project.
・ Of these, 30,000 ㎥ per day is supplied to City of Tshwane. The remaining 13,000 ㎥ per
day is combined with 31,000 ㎥ per day supplied from Rand Water Board, and the total of
44,000 ㎥ per day is sent to Thembisile through the Enkeldoornoog water pipe andEnkeldoornoog regulating reservoir. The water supplied population for the four components
could not be obtained due to the reasons mentioned in the "Constraints during the Monitoring
Study".
From Table 1, total water supply to the four municipality is 304,523 ㎥ per day. Amount of water
conveyed to Enkeldoornoog regulating reservoir through Ekangala-Enkeldoornoog water pipe is
44,000 ㎥ per day, which is the capacity of the pipeline. Assuming that all of the water is supplied in
one day, the percentage of contribution to the entire water supply is 14.4%. Also, in assuming that, of
the 43,000 ㎥ that is treated at Bronkhorstspruit water treatment plant, the remaining 30,000 ㎥
which is not sent through Ekangala-Enkeldoornoog pipeline (volume consumed in City of Tshwane),is consumed in one day, the percentage of contribution to the entire water supply is 9.8%. From theabove, the contribution of the four components to the water supply to the entire municipality can be

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speculated to be approximately 24.2%.

3.1.1.2 Results of Calculations of Internal Rates of Return (IRR)
Re-calculation of Internal rate of return (IRR) will not be performed since IRR was not calculated
at the time of ex-post evaluation.

3.1.2 Qualitative Effects
See Impact.

From the above, concerning effectiveness, it was confirmed that four components implemented bythis project continue to be in operation since the time of ex-post evaluation. From theaforementioned reasons, data on the balance of supply and demand of water cannot be compared tothose in the ex-post evaluation. However, from the data obtained by this study, water shortage could
not be seen, and the contributions of this project to the water supply to the four municipalities(approximately 24.2% of the total water supply) were confirmed.

3.2 Impact
3.2.1 Intended Impacts
3.2.1.1 Improvement of Living Conditions
According to the interviews to residents of Bronkhorstspruit, located within the Western Highveld
region, there is no problem with the quality or quantity of tap or drinking water. There were also noreports of leakage.
Concerning the impact on living conditions, information required for confirming the improvementof public health in the targeted region could not be obtained from the Ministry of Health (MOH). As
alternative indicators, "under-five mortality" from "Mortality and Causes of Death in South Africa,
2009: Findings from Death Notification"(MCD) issued by MOH, and "water piped onto premises"from "Estimates for the Use of Improved Drinking-Water Sources of South Africa" (EIDW) issued
by World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) werecollected and compared (Table 3).

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Table 3 Under-five Mortality and the Portion of Families Using Potable Water
Use of Drinking Water Sources (%)

Under-5 mortality(persons)

Urban

Rural

2001

41,094

97.6

60.5

2002

46,4702003

51,881

2004

57,355

Data Not Available

2005

62,029

Data Not Available

2006

64,326

98.8

64.3

2007

61,54098.3

67.4

Data Not Available
98.2

64.1

Source: “Mortality and Causes of Death in South Africa: 2009” Ministry of Health,“Estimates for the Use of Improved Drinking-Water Sources South Africa(EIDW): March 2010” WHO/UNICEF

According to CIA World Factbook and World Bank, life expectancy of South Africa is as follows:

Table 4 Average Life Expectancy Rate of South Africa(Unit: years)

Life Expectancy
2001

48.09

2002

45.43

2003

46.56

2004

44.19

2005

43.27

2006

42.73

2007

42.45

2008

51.24*

2009

51.61*

2010

52.08*

2012

49.41

Source: CIA World Factbook*World Bank

Compared to the time of ex-post evaluation, improvement was seen in the under-five mortality
and life expectancy. However, since the components implemented by this project are limited incomparison with the scope of the project, it is impossible to present a clear causal relationship.

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3.2.2 Other Impacts
3.2.2.1 Environmental Impact
No negative environmental impact has been detected from the time of ex-post evaluation.
According to an interview with DWAF, no particular comment can be made concerning theenvironmental impact of this project since its implementation was limited.

From the above, concerning the impact, the components implemented by this project were limited
compared to the plan, as indicated in the ex-post evaluation report, and therefore, it is impossible toperceive the above figures as impacts resulting from this project.

3.3 Sustainability
3.3.1 Structural Aspects of Operation and MaintenanceAt the time of ex-post evaluation, Western Highveld region was under direct jurisdiction of DWAF,
since the region was not included in the service area of Water Service Company and the local
municipality had not been established. Currently, WSP is the local government itself, company
partially-owned by the local government, private contractor, NGO, or community organizations
which follow WSA's procedures in carrying out the operations. IWB was providing services to theregion at the time of ex-post evaluation; however, IWB has been liquidated.
WSA's regional offices of the four municipalities are located in remote locations, andinterviewing all of the offices under the conditions of this study was impossible. Therefore,
interviews were done with officials, in charge of operation and maintenance, from Dr. JS Moroka
and Thembisile, where the four components are operating. Under the supervision of DWAF, plan forwater supply is made by local government (WSA), and WSP collects water fees and performs theoperation and maintenance of the facilities. Among the local municipalities, in Dr. JS Moroka, WSP
is the local government itself, and in Thembisile, multiple private contractors and local governments(Rand Water Board; Lekwa, municipality located in the neighboring district; Dr. JS Moroka; City of
Tshwane) are acting as WSPs and conducting the supply of water and the operation and maintenanceof the facilities. Fee collection is implemented by the local government itself. Operation andmaintenance personnel for Greater Sekhukhune and City of Tshwane could not be interviewed, butfollowing information concerning the operation and maintenance were obtained from the “Blue Drop
Report 2011”:
Table 5 Names of WSA and WSP
WSA

WSP

Greater Sekhukhune DM

Greater Sekhukhune DM ; Lepelle Water; Elias M otswaledib

City of Tshwane M M

City of Tshwane M M ; Rand Water; M agalies Water

Source: Blue Drop Report 20117-9

In the ex-post evaluation, concern was shown over the relationship between the IWB, which was
the WSP, and the local municipality. However, the IWB has already been liquidated, and service
agreement between WSA and WSP is stable. The contract is renewed every year. Information on thenumber of workers could not be obtained, but through an interview with the officials in charge of
operation and maintenance at Thembisile and Dr. JS Moroka, there are no shortages of workers.
Every year, DWAF conducts an audit targeting all WSAs over water quality, maintenance status of
the facilities, and management structure, and publishes the results as the “Blue Drop Report”.
Municipality with a high score receives an award. Similar audit is also done for sewage treatment,
and the results are published annually as the “Green Drop Report”. The water service framework of
DWAF-WSA-WSP is currently established throughout the country. Under these circumstances,
DWAF conducts audit and rating to each WSA, and the results are disclosed to the public. This
procedure has been carried out for the past several years. Therefore, it can be concluded that theoperation and maintenance structure has improved since the time of ex-post evaluation.
According to an interview with DWAF, concerning the operation and maintenance structure of thefour municipalities, imbalance in the supply and demand of water has been recognized as a common
problem. Intake of water is ultimately twice the volume of consumed water. In other words, treatedwater is twice the amount of the water demand, and there exists an imbalance. The causes of thisimbalance are: lack of technical knowledge to draft a plan and control the volume of intake based on
ascertained demand volume of water, inefficiency of water treatment facilities due to deteriorationand leaks from water pipes, and the consumer's low awareness towards economizing water
consumption. In order to improve the situation, WSA is working to repair the failing facilities andeducating the consumers on water economy through seminars and pamphlets.
Although adequate system for operation and maintenance is organized, there is still room for
improvement in water economy such as, systematic planning of water supplier, facility improvement,
and educating and raising public awareness on water economy.

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Ekangala-Enkeldoornoog Aqueduct facility

Ekangala Regulating Reservoir
Minor leakage can be seen

3.3.2 Technical Aspects of Operation and MaintenanceInterview was conducted to respective officials in charge of operation and maintenance at
Thembisile and Dr. JS Moroka. From the interviews, the problems of worker shortages andinadequate skill level, detected at the time of ex-post evaluation, have been resolved. In Thembisile,
WSP is the local government itself, and in Dr. JS Moroka, in addition to Rand Water Board, threemunicipalities of Lekwa, City of Tshwane, and Dr. JS Moroka are WSPs. At Thembisile, engineer
staff carries out the basic operation and maintenance procedures such as leakage inspection, andrepair of minor malfunctions. In case of complex malfunctions, the repair is commissioned to private
contractors. Thembisile is planning to hire three highly-skilled engineers in order to manage to these
problems themself in the future. Also in the near future, there are plans to separate departments forwater supply and sewage in order to raise the efficiency of water business management. Furthermore,by increasing the number of regional offices, Thembisile is expecting to decentralize the operationand maintenance of facilities and the collection of water fee. In Dr. JS Moroka, water business isdivided into water treatment department and water supply department. Interview could only be heldwith the water treatment department. The department currently has a staff size of 35. There is no
shortage of workers, and they have no plans of recruiting. According to the official of the water
treatment department, the water supply department is mainly in charge of counter services such asfee collection.

3.3.3 Financial Aspects of Operation and Maintenance
In Thembisile, improvements were made based on the proposals made in the “Special Assistancefor Project Sustainability” (SAPS) report of 2011. Improvement could be seen since the

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implementation of SAPS (2011). Currently, Revenue from water services is processed separatelyfrom general account, in accordance with the SAPS report. Although the details of the budget could
not be obtained through the field studies in Thembisile and Dr. JS Moroka, according to an interview
with DWAF, there is no shortage of the budget for water services. Currently, in addition to
conducting the operation and maintenance of the facilities, DWAF is holding meetings in various
places and publishing pamphlets in order to raise public awareness on water economy. These wereactivities that were not possible in the past. Further, water rates are reviewed annually, though they
are not necessarily revised each year. Payment of water fee is generally done through pre-paid cardfor corporations, and individuals pay a fixed rate at a regional office or through bank transfer.
According to the interview to the official in charge of water treatment department at Dr. JS
Moroka, there is ample budget provided for operation. However, data on the budget could not be
obtained.

3.3.4 Current Status of Operation and Maintenance
The following were selected for site visits:
Water pipe between Ekangala and Enkeldoornoog-Gemsbokkspruit
Ekangala Regulating Reservoir
Bronkhorstspruit Water Treatment Plant
The ex-post evaluation indicated that the four components were not in the state to be operated andmanaged effectively. Currently, the components are operated and managed effectively, and areoperating under good condition. According to an interview with DWAF, Enkeldoornoog Regulating
Reservoir and Kwandebele Region Regulating Reservoir, which were not selected for on-site
surveys, are also functioning properly.

3.4 Others
Urgent agreement between local governments and WSA was recommended in the ex-post
evaluation. Currently, the problem has been resolved, and no problems can be detected in the relation
between local governments and WSP.
There is a necessity for water supplier in the region to initiate more advanced and complex issues
such as securing of water resource, building industrial water facilities, and sewage recycling plants.

From the above, concerning sustainability, improvement can be seen from the time of ex-post
evaluation. Shortage of employees and insufficient technical knowledge has been resolved in
Thembisile and Dr. JS Moroka. Furthermore, there are no problems with the maintenance of thecomponents implemented by this project. The problem with the relation between WSP and WSA
reported in the ex-post evaluation report has been resolved. Systems for performing the operations

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are established between DWAF, WSA, and WSP and functioning satisfactorily. However, since there
are problems such as the volume of water intake far exceeding the demand, there is still room for
improvement.

4. Conclusion, Lessons Learned and Recommendations
4.1 Conclusion(1) Utilization and Contribution of Implemented Components
Four components installed by this project are operating in satisfactory condition, and provides
24% of the total water supply to the four municipalities which are part of Western Highveld region.
The components are serving a role in fulfilling the water demand of the region. However, since only
a limited portion of the planned components has been implemented, the project's contribution to theimprovement of living environment and industrial development was unclear.
WSA of Thembisile and Dr. JS Moroka have ample personnel and the maintenance of the facilities
was adequately performed. In addition, accounting issues identified by the SAPS report have beenaddressed. According to the interviews to the officials of each region, sufficient budget is secured forthe operation and maintenance expenses.
This project was terminated without the implementation of all planned components. Since ex-post
evaluation was conducted based upon the evaluation plan to evaluate all of the planned components,
this ex-monitoring was also conducted under the same premises. Therefore, there were manydifficulties in the verification of the direct effects of this project and analyses of information. Under
these circumstances, the following conclusion was drawn. Although the installed component
provides 24%, which is only a portion, of the volume of water demand of the region, no water
shortage could be seen in the region. Therefore, there is a possibility that the original plan for water
intake was too large.

(2) Situation of Local Government
Local government is functioning as WSA, but there are recommendations described in thefollowing sections.

(3) Operation and MaintenanceAlthough there are no problems with water supply to the Western Highveld Region with respect tothe region’s water demand, there are recommendations described in the following section.

4.2 Recommendations
4.2.1 Recommendation to WSA
WSA has currently initiated a reparation project with Rand Water Board to replace corroded water

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pipes as indicated in the SAPS report. It is desirable to continue to ensure future repairs and extend
the lifespan of the components.

4.2.2 Recommendation to DWAF and the Government of South Africa
1.

It is desirable to continue to provide adequate budgetary measures and guidance on theoperation and maintenance, including the maintenance of facilities, to the water suppliers of local
municipalities. Also, as mentioned in the SAPS report, DWAF is expected to take initiative in
combining WSAs and organizing the joint management of water supply facilities, which is currently
being managed by individual WSAs.

2.

South Africa's water service environment has changed considerably from the 1990s. Actions

toward problems resulting from economic development such as, preventing water resources
pollution, securing industrial water and construction of water treatment facilities, installation of
sewage pipelines as a premise of the increase in flush toilets from improved living standards,
securing a dependable water source to respond to the progression of desertification need to beaddressed promptly with central government and local government as a team. Meanwhile, DWAF
and municipalities are aware of their technical inability and insufficient management knowledge tosolve these problems. It is desirable therefore to strengthen the cooperation with other countries toobtain the necessary technology and knowledge.

4.3 Lessons Learned
None.

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Comparison of the Original and Actual Scope of the Project
Item
Original
1. Outputs
1) Installation of
Ekangala-Enkeldoornoog
Gemsbokkspruit conduit
2) Construction of Ekangala
Regulating Reservoir andEnkeldoornoog Regulating
Reservoir
3) Procurement of equipmentfor Bronkhorstspruit Water
Purification Works (Stage 2)4) Civil works for the expansionof Bronkhorstspruit Water
Purification Works(Stage 2)5) Construction and installationof Kendal Regulating Reservoir,
Matla-Khutala conduit andKendal-Bronkhorstspruit Dam
conduit
6) Installation of
Bronkhorstspruit-Ekangala
conduit
7) Procurement of equipmentfor Bronkhorstspruit Water
Purification Works (Stage 3)8) Civil works for the expansionof Bronkhorstspruit Water
Purification Works (Stage 3)9) Construction of Kwandebele
Region Regulating Reservoir
10) Construction of the Second
Kendal Regulating Reservoir11) Construction ofTweefontein Reservoir andKwandebele Region Regulating
Reservoir
2. Project Period
3. Project Cost
Foreign Currency
Local Currency（In local currency）
Total
ODA Loan Portion
Exchange Rate

Actual42-km long, capacity 0.52 m3/s

42-km long, capacity 1m3/s

Capacity 10,000 m3and 40,000m3

Capacity 20,000 m3and 11,000m3

Add 6.0 million m3, total
capacity 21.0 million m3

Procured (used for other region)

Expansion of the intake fromthe river, intake pumping stationand the conduit
10,400m3, 2.3 km long,capacity 0.6 m3/s, and 35km
long, capacity 0.5 m3/s

Suspended

10km long, capacity 0.68 m3/s

Suspended

Add 5.0 million m3, total
capacity 26.0 million m3

Suspended

Details undecided

Suspended

Capacity 10,000 m3

10,000 m3 x 2

Capacity 10,400 m3

Suspended

Capacity 40,000 m3and 10,000
m3

Suspended

May 1996 – May 2001
（61 months）
732 million yen
3,408 million yen（144 million rand）
4,129 million yen
3,097 million yen
1 rand＝23.67 yen

Suspended

Oct. 1996 – Nov. 2003
（86 months）
N/A
N/A
2,327 million yen
1,814 million yen
1 rand＝20.07 yen

Note 1）The total 4,129 million yen, which is the amount shown in appraisal material provided by JICA, does notagree with the total of the foreign and local currency portions converted into yen (4,140 million yen).
Note 2）Calculated based on the JICA loan amount (in rand) stated in the Project Completion Report and the amountactually provided by JICA (in yen).

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