1. Introduction
The research is oriented to the following objectives by means ofsystematizing the actual situation of the survey methods for earthquake damages
related with buildings in Asia-Pacific Region.
1.1. Objectives
1.1.1. Guideline for the Survey Methods
The guideline is expected to be used by researchers and practitioners relatedwith the earthquake damages on buildings in order to discuss and to establish their own
survey methods in their own countries. For various existent survey methods ofearthquake damage related with buildings and houses, the information about themethods ("how") is systematized with the indexes, "when" and "for what". These may
be edited with real examples and clear specification for quantity, quality, means forcollection and arranging of required data. The subjects that will be included in theguideline are listed in the Table 1.1-1.
1.1.2. Data and materials on that the guideline is based
These are the data and materials that will be used by researchers andpractitioners for discussion and establishment on their own survey methods in theirown countries. They are the base or the background information for the guideline
mentioned above. Any complete data set is not expected, but examples showing thenecessary information will be made.

1Table 1.1-1 Categorization of Survey and Research Subjects
Earthquake source & seismic motion

Earthquake disaster

Objects ofPeriod

Type of survey
Regional disastersurveyEarthquake source

Seismic motion

Ground & foundation

Structure & materials

Non-structural materials

Fires
prevention

Before Eq.

UsualResearch

Background
Knowledgeof Area

Eq.
Information
Just after eq.

Quick Notice

Seismotectonics
Earthquake geology
Historical earthquakes
Seismicity
Active fault
Earthquake occurrence
probabilityGeomorphology
Geology
Surface geology
Deep ground condition
Micro-zoning
Hazard map
Strong motion records
Experienced earthquake disaster

Hypocenter Location
Magnitude
Focal Mechanism

Quick Notice on Intensity

Aftershock distribution

Regional intensity distribution
PGA distribution
Attenuation relation

Source process by teleseismic
data
Outline of surface fault
Aftershock observation

Strong motion records
PGV distribution
Response spectra
Aftershock observation
Detailed intensity distribution

Intensity distribution byquestionnaire

DisasterFeature

Few days few weeks
after eq.

Emergency
surveyDisasteroutlineFew weeks few months
after eq.

Detailedsurvey inselected area

Detailed
informationin selectedarea

Detail of surface fault
Crustal deformation (SAR)

Detailedsurvey in thewhole area

Detailed
informationin the wholearea

Crustal deformation (GPS)Few months
after Eq. or
Later

Until few
years afterEq.

Post-disaster
research

Clearing up
the causes

Process ofrehabilitation
Long TermLong Term
CounterMeasures

Earthquake
Disaster
Mitigation2.

Detailed rupture propagation
Propagation characteristics
of seismic waves

3.

+Liquefaction potential
Aseiscmic code
Input ground motionRequired performance
Type
Construction techniqueDistribution
Construction year
History of damage
Past earthquake damages
Evaluation of seismic performanceand retrofitting

4.

Aseiscmic code
Input ground motion
Required performance
Type
Construction technique
Construction year
Distribution
History of damage
Past earthquake damages
Evaluation of seismic
performance and retrofitting

Fire resistant code
Input ground motion
Required performance
Type
Construction technique
Construction year
Distribution

Wide range survey on damaged area by air plane
Survey by few scouts in damaged area
Preliminary estimation of damage scale and glade

Emergency risk assessment andrestoration (damaged buildings)
Extraction of damage type

Emergency risk assessment and restoration (damaged buildings)
Emergent survey and countermeasure(damaged buildings)
Extraction of damage typeLand usage
Urban planning
Risk map
Regional disastermitigation planning
Earthquake disaster
information system
Estimated economic loss

Same as left

Extraction of damage type

Functional disorder of cities

Survey of all the buildings in selected area
Detailed survey of selected damage buildings(damage level assessment and retrofitting)Damage distribution in selected area

Survey of all the buildings in whole area

Damage distribution in whole area
Damage statistics
Estimation of direct economic loss+

Microtremor observation local
amplification characteristics
Estimation of strong groundmotion in damaged area

Aseiscmic code
Input ground motion
Required performance
Type
Construction techniqueDistribution
Construction year
History of damage
Past earthquake damages
Evaluation of seismic
performance and retrofitting

DesignStructure
Construction technique
Ground condition
Ground improvement+

DesignStructure
Construction technique
Evaluation of response
Performance

DesignStructureConstruction technique
Performance

Evaluation of seismic performance and retrofitting

Review of the background knowledge of area

Hatched area: Subjects for the background data, Block letters: Subjects for this research project
2Structure
Construction technique
Performance+

Rehabilitation planning
Estimation total economic loss
Review of risk map
Review of regional disaster mitigation planning1.2. Guideline for the Survey Methods
Discussion on the outline of the guideline has been conducted. The subjects
shown in Table 1.1-1 are ordered in the groups as shown in Table 1.2- 1 and theskeleton of text for each group is made tentatively, in order to extract the subjects
appropriate for the guideline and to draw up a simple and enough description.

Table 1.2-1 Tentative Grouping of the subjects handled in the guideline
Research
Field

Seismology

Seismology &Earthquake
Engineering

Earthquake
EngineeringGroup

Seismic
SourceGroundMotionSubgroup

Subjects (example)

Information ofHypocenter &Magnitude

Hypocenter, Magnitude

Source Mechanism

Focal Mechanism

Crustal Deformation

Geometry, GPS

Source Process

Source Inversion

Aftershock Distribution

Fault Plane

Intensity Distribution

Intensity, Damage Index

Peak Value Distribution

PGA, PGV, Attenuation
Relation

More detailed
information of Ground
Motion Characteristics

Strong Motion Records,Response Spectra, Source
Effect, Path effect, Local
Amplification, Microtremor
Observation

Ground Damage

Damage Investigation Flow
Quick Inspection
Damage Classification

Building Damage

Quick Inspection
Damage Classification
Damage Index

Building Foundation Damage

Damage Investigation Flow
Pile Damage Investigation
Methods34