AI Teacher Education inKorea
Hee-chan Lew
Korea National University of Education
APEC-Tsukuba Conference XV (Webinar)
Feb 10, 2021

AI as a key cornerstone in Society 4.0§ AI is a key cornerstone thatunderlies our society in thesense that it is a basis of highlysophisticated technologies
driving the Fourth IndustrialRevolution.
§ What is AI?
§ AI has three concepts:§ AI as Machine Systems§ AI as PS Strategy§ AI as Social Norms

AI as a Machine System§ AI is a machine system to implement a variety of recognition,
thinking, and learning that have been performed by only
human intelligence.
§ Autonomous driving vehicle has
AI system which can recognize
quickly various environmental
information.
§ AI math teacher we could see in
the near future has AI system
which can teach mathematics wellwithout giving up.

AI as PS strategy§ AI is a problem solving strategy to make a machine or acomputer think efficiently.
§ Machine learning and deeplearning are typical examples.
§ The right picture “Irises” waspained by Gogh in 1889. But
what kind of Irises the flower is?
§ We can get the answer byapplying the problem solving
strategy of “Nearest Neighbors”
to the big data we have.

Vincent van Gogh(1853-1890) Irises, 1889
J. Paul Getty Museum

AI as Social New Norm
§ AI is a new Social Norm itself in this industry
4.0 where AI and humans coexist.
§ The right picture was painted by AI Robot
Painter at the LG Science Hall located inSeoul.
§ Questions: What is a difference between thepictures painted by AI and human? Is AI justa tool for creating art or is it a new artist initself? Does AI's creation need to bepreserved?
§ These questions are the new norms that havebeen seriously discussed in the “NextRembrandt” project.

Do we need to teach AI in school?
§ Many people might claim that it is enough for high-level
experts only to know about AI.
§ AI education might be too much burden for ordinary students.
§ Basic education should be thekey to elementary andsecondary schools.
§ It is better to teach professional
knowledge of AI, after faithfully
teaching basic knowledge.
Ordinary Students are not happy ineven the traditional curriculumWhy AI in school?
§ On the other hand, many othersargue that AI education is so
urgent from the 4 perspectives:§ Humanistic perspective: AI system& strategy are a human heritage.
§ Ordinary life perspective: AI to help
human life already exists next to us.
§ Developmental perspective: AI
technique is a p-s strategy todevelop students’ thinking§ Social developmental perspective:
AI will change our future society.

New change in education: SchoolCurriculum§ Although the new curriculum will beannounced in 2022, new subjects of “AIBasic” and “AI Mathematics” were added
into the new chapters of the current
national high school curriculum in 2020.
This was unusual!!
§ High school textbooks for “AI Basic” and“AI Mathematics” are being developed
for public education, which will be usedfrom this year Fall semester.

High School Textbook of AI: “AIand Future Society”(2020) bySeoul Metropolitan Government

New contents of “AI Basic” (Information)
Key Concepts
Understandingof AI
Principles of AI
and Application

Data andMachine
Learning

Contents

AI and Society

Concepts and Characteristics of AI, Development of AI
Technology and Social Change

AI and Agent

Concepts and Roles of Intelligent Agents

Recognition

Sensor and Recognition, Computer Vision, Speech Recognition
and Language Understanding

Exploring andReasoning

Exploring Problem Solving, Representing and Reasoning

Leaning

Concept and Application of Machine Learning, Concept andApplication of Deep Learning

Data

Properties of Data, Structured Data and Unstructured Data

Machine Learning
Model

Classification Model, Machine Learning Model Implementation

Social Impact of Impact of AI
AI
Ethics of AI

Social Problem Solving, Data Bias
Ethical Dilemma, Social Responsibility and Fairness

New contents of “AI Mathematics”(Mathematics)
Key Concepts
AI and Mathematics
Representation of DataClassification and Expectation
Optimization

Contents
Mathematics related to AI
Representation of Text Data
Representation of Image DataClassification of Data
Tendency and Expectation
Optimization and Decision
Making

The new challenge of teacher education
Pre-service teachers for Software Education§ From 2018, in Korea, all elementary preservice teachers must have mandatory“software education” for :• Securing the coding education
leadership of elementary teachers withENTRY blocking coding language.
• Fostering the interdisciplinary talentsof elementary students.
• Strengthening the logical thinking
power of elementary teachers.
ENTRY is South Korea's programming
language platform

The new challenge of teacher education:
In-service teachers for AI Education§ In 2019 South Korean Government
decided to train 5000 AI teachers
who are responsible for leading thenew era of the fourth industrial
revolution.
§ For 5 years, they will receive master's
degrees from the second semester of2020.
§ KNUE will train about 160 in-service
teachers every year from this year
based on its H-I-G-H-E-R vision.

Humanity

Integrated
Intelligence

Globalization

Renovation
MindHarmony

Experience“HIGHER” Vison of KNUE

KNUE AI Teacher Education§ The program was launched with the goalof convergence education related to AIwhich is to develop a convergent eye toteach their subjects through AI basedteaching methods.
§ Compulsory: 18 credits of 6 courses
including AI programming I, II and AI
Education I, II, AI and school and AI Ethics
and Education in School.
§ Elective: 9 credits of 2 courses and 1
Independent Study course from eachgraduate student’s major subject.

Lecture Note Cover of AI
Programming I for KNUE AI
Teacher Education

Syllabus of “AI programming I” and “AI Education I”
AI Programming I

AI Education I

Basic Concepts of AI

Concepts and History of AI

How to Learn Machine Learning

Introduction of Machine Learning

Programming Languages for AI Education

Computing Basic for AI Implementation (1)Environment Settings for Machine Learning for Kids
(ML4Kids)

Computing Basic for AI Implementation (2)ML4Kids Voice Projects: Laser Eye and New Words
Dictionary

Computing Basic for AI Implementation (3)ML4Kids Text Projects: SNS Emotion Analyzer and Travel
Information

Programming Environment for Machine Learning

ML4Kids Image Projects: Fools and pets

The History of Machine Learning and theImplementation of Basic Models

ML4Kids Number Projects: OX games, Pacman

Implementation of Artificial Neural Network Model andUnderstanding Learning Concepts through LinearRegression

Interdisciplinary AI Coding

Machine Learning for Classification

Individual Task Presentation

Individual Task Presentation

4 kinds of Computational Thinking§ In the green parts, teachers
learn 4 kinds of CT strategies
shown in the right figure:• Algorithmic Thinking by
Rules and Programs,• Mathematics Modeling by
Computational Models,• Unsupervised Machine
Learning Thinking without
previous solution and• Supervised Machine Learning
Thinking with previoussolution

4 kinds of Computational Thinking Strategies(Masami & Araya, 2020)

Framework for School Curriculum andTeacher Education Programs§ The 4 kinds of CT strategies
have been introduced as
powerful tools in the historyof AI which is a softwaresystem to solve various
problems.
§ Therefore the CT strategies
are the importantframework for developing
AI school curriculum as well
as AI teacher education
programs.

Final Words§ So far, we have looked at about three things:• Concepts of AI and why should AI be taught in school
education?
• A new curriculum and textbook development for AI
Education• A new challenge of AI Teacher Education§ Many people worry that it might be a hasty decision, butmany others believe that it is an understandable decision.
§ No one can predict success, but Korea's new effort isbelieved to be a good touchstone for APEC countries
regardless of whether it is successful or not.