STRENGTHENING SMALLHOLDERCOMMUNITY-BASEDTEAK PLANTATIONS IN THAILAND.
Yongyut Trisurat
Kasetsart University, Thailand
ITTO-BMEL Smallholder Teak Plantation ProjectIntroduction
National Forest Policy• 40% of the country• Conservation 25% (23%)• Production 15% (7.2%)

Wood Demand in Thailand(M m3/4.2 M ha)1) Community- &remnant forests (6.6%)
2) Forest plantation:
0.6% (1.2 M ha)

Teak plantation (1906)

16.3 mill ha

Total: 181,000-200,000 ha
FIO: 74,000 ha
40-60 bill m3 ha -1

Phase I Teak Project
ITTC 54 Yokohama in 2018

Gerhard Dieterle, EX-ITTO ED (left); Matthias Schwoerer, BMEL-Germany (right)

ITTO Project: “Enhancing Conservation and Sustainable Management ofTeak Forests and Legal and Sustainable Wood Supply Chains inthe Greater Mekong Sub-region” (PP-A/54-331)

Phase I Output/Outcome

27 chapters 41 authors

20 bi-monthly issues

Newspaper, TV, VDO clips

Challenges:

Low productivity
THA’s MAI ∼ 5 m3/ha/yr

Exotic sp.

Unknown sources &poor silvicultural practices

Native sp.

Poor silvicultural practices(20-year old)

Smallholder is the key(78%; <3 ha)Challenges: Timber legality & high transaction costs
ITTO/RFD
RFD certification
Legal stamp(50% of FOI’s plantation)

Cost for an international
standard & informal fees?

C&I

Non-restricted sp.
Permitted transportation

Community-basedwood processing

ITTO-BMEL Project Phase II

Specific Objectives• To improve the production of highquality timber from teak and othervaluable species plantations establishedby smallholders and communities;
South-South
Cooperation• To improve livelihoods and social andenvironmental outcomes through better
silviculture practices, financial schemes(long rotations) and access to voluntarycarbon markets, etc.

Opportunity: Tree Collateral Schemes
20-30 years+ better wood quality+ higher value+ carbon credit(passive income)+ biodiversity/env.

10-15 years

Starfinger (2022)

1 USD = 35 THB

Economic Analysis

Teak
B/C ratio
HSI- 1.5-11.5
LSI- 1.1-8.0

RubberB/C 1.14
NPV 240 USD

NPV (10%)
HSI 3,800 USD
LSI 2,000 USD

Maize- Env &biodiversity

B/C 1.01
NPV 297 USD

Bending the curve of
terrestrial biodiversity:
SFM Contribution

GBF 30 x 30 target

Leclere et al. (Nature 2020)

Wrong perceptionof wood useITTO Executive Director
Sheam Satkuru“…harvesting timbersustainably isnot deforestation…”.
29th session of theAsia-Pacific Forestry
Com. 2022

Sustainable Wood Use

Ursula Von Der Leyen
President of the EU Com.
State of the Union Address,
September 16, 2020
Credit: suwanRFD@gmail.com, RFD“We know that theconstruction sector caneven be turned from acarbon source into asink, if organic building
materials like wood andsmart technologies like
AI are applies”

Opportunities:
Smallholder plantation toward carbon neutrality

Thailand’s NDC Roadmap 2030
(20-25% by 2030, net zero by 2065)
Energy 113.0
Waste 2.0
Industry 0.6
Forest (45%; 4.2 M ha)

Blending the curve with SFM
Reduce haze problem

1 Oct 2023

On-going activities

Launching Workshop
11 October 2023

59th ITTO Council Meeting
13-17 November 2023 @Pattaya

Fields & Training
Exhibition: raising awarenessand right perception (SFM)

Maintain clonal plots

Training smallholders
on silviculture (1/4)

Discuss with prov. forestry
officials to define target areas& farmers

Smallholder plantation& poor
silvicultural practices(22-year old)

Clonal test forsmallholderplantations

Way Forward
High-quality timber• Micro-finance (land- and tree collateralschemes)• Optimize rotation & diversify markets

EUDR• Good quality materials & silvicultural
practices

Carbon neutrality & net zero
• Perception of SWU/SFM• High-value products from modern design• Carbon credit/ESG framework• Embedded forest plantation into NDC• Target areas: marginal and vulnerable lands(30-40%), smallholder and commercial
plantations (inter-cropping)

USD 100>USD 700

Conclusions
Livelihoods, socialand environmental
outcomes

Teak Phase II(2023-2026)
South-South
Cooperation

Teak phase I
2019-2022

Knowledge sharing(LK and modernpractices)- Legal supply chains ofsmallholder plantation- Production of high-quality
timber- Financial scheme/ carbon credit- Knowledge sharing &networking

Mahogany

Teak

Rosewood

Milestone of ITTO-BMEL project and expected outcomesQ&A
Recommendations