I NST I T U TE FOR A DVA NCED R ESE A RCH

LETTER
March 2016 Vol. 14

Special Interview

SCIENCE & PEACE ―― Toshihide Maskawa
2008 Nobel Laureate in Physics

Research Highlights

Novel cell fusion terminates female courtship in plant―― Daisuke Maruyama

Consequences of War : Japanese demographic transition

and the marriage market―― Mizuki Komura

Super High-resolution Nuclear Emulsion for Directional
Dark Matter Search―― Tatsuhiro Naka

INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED RESEARCH, NAGOYA UNIVERSITY
Telephone. +81-52-788-6051 Facsimile. +81-52-788-6151 E-mail. iar@adm.nagoya-u.ac.jp
http://www.iar.nagoya-u.ac.jp/

14March 2016

INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED RESEARCHFor Further progress of the Institute

LETTERThe Institute for Advanced Research (IAR) of Nagoya University was established in 2002 topromote academic studies, and is independent of the Schools and Departments in the University,
as stipulated in the University Academic Charter. The fundamental objective of this institute is tofoster and produce academic achievements at a prominent and internationally significant level.
Such achievements are indispensable for the University not only to be widely recognized as a seat oflearning but also to cultivate “courageous intellectuals.” All members of the University should strive
for an unsurpassed level of creative academic research. IAR has been and will be a center for

CON TEN TS

assembling and coordinating various fields of state-of-the-art academic research in Nagoya
University.
Internationally, IAR is a member of the Steering Committee of the University-BasedInstitutes for Advanced Study (UBIAS) and is leading international exchange activities in research

03

Special Interview

SCIENCE & PEACE
Toshihide Maskawa（2008 Nobel Laureate in Physics）

and education. In this context, we are planning to host a UBIAS conference called“Intercontinental Academia (ICA)” from March 7th to 19th this year, where young researchers aswell as Directors of UBIAS affiliates will gather to discuss a common theme, “Time.” I sincerely
hope that all participants in ICA at Nagoya University will enjoy discussing such a

07

Research Highlights

Novel cell fusion terminates female courtship in plant
Daisuke Maruyama

cross-disciplinary theme and exchanging ideas of mutual interest in the forum.
During the past 6 years, IAR has also been coordinating an important University program,the Young Leaders Cultivation (YLC) Tenure-track Program, which has played a crucial role inConsequences of War : Japanese demographic transition and the marriage market
Mizuki Komura

cultivating and supporting talented young researchers in various fields. The program has
contributed greatly to converting the outcomes of excellent studies done by IAR researchers inSuper High-resolution Nuclear Emulsion for Directional Dark Matter Search
Tatsuhiro Naka

individual Departments into the common property of all members of the University.
From the present issue, volume 14, “IAR LETTER” is described fully in English suitable forinternational distribution and has been entirely renewed in terms of its content as well as overalllayout. In particular, readers may find the Special Interview and Research Highlights interesting,

13

IAR PEOPLE

25

IAR INFORMATION

and the first (memorial) Interview is on Professor Toshihide MASKAWA, a winner of the 2008
Nobel Prize in Physics.

February 2016
Director of Institute for Advanced Research

Director

Hisanori SHINOHARA

Cover Photo :Two developing seeds receiving single (left) or double(right) pollen tube(s) in Arabidopsis thaliana. (Daisuke
MARUYAMA, from Highlight Research, pp. 7-8.)

Special Interview

around on campus carrying out my union activities. When I went̶̶ What was Dr. Sakata like?

home—and that was just after my second son’s birth—I would ask
my wife how my young family had spent the day and then went

MASKAWA: He never told us what to do. His students watchedstraight to work on my research from nine to one in the morning. My

him work, and we learned that there was such a way to do such andlife was like this in those days. I was busy and was working efficiently.

such. In my office, I have a sheet of paper on the wall on which heI didn’t waste any time watching TV. After dinner, I immediately

wrote, “A scientist must love humanity as a human before he loves

started work. Sometimes I worked for four hours from nine.

science as a scientist.” He wrote this in 1969, when he was discharged

The broken symmetry (CP violation) on which we worked wasafter having been hospitalized for some time. I admire him for the

first detected experimentally in 1964 by James Watson Cronin andstrength of this message. I can’t make such a statement. I have to add

others. I brought this news to my laboratory. It was during my firstsomething like “… I think. Don’t you?” at the end to attenuate theyear or so in the doctoral course. I felt that something strange wasintensity. But he asserted himself.

going on but couldn’t figure it out even if I tried hard to understand.

Toshihide
MASKAWA
Dr. Maskawa was born 1940 in Nagoya, Japan. He graduated from Nagoya University in 1962 and received a Ph.D. in Physics fromSo I assumed that it was not the right moment and that we weren’t

Dr. Sakata took great interest in the laboratory’s administration.

ready to tackle this mystery yet. I wanted a theory that would enable

Once I went to see him to report a decision made by the Graduate

us to calculate. I kept it in the back of my mind. In 1967, Steven

School’s organization. After that, I left the room but noticed that I

Weinberg presented his unification theory, but calculation was still

had forgotten something. Since I already knew that he was in, I only

impossible. In 1971, the Dutch genius Gerardus ‘t Hooft drew aknocked and opened the door before I was told to come in. There, I

formula with symbols. This made me think that it was now time tosaw him mopping the floor, stained with my footprints. He hadn’t

discuss the broken symmetry. In April that year, Makoto Kobayashi

kept me from coming in the first time because of my muddy shoes.

had come to Kyoto University, and when the dust had settled

He thought that would have embarrassed me and discouraged me

somewhat, we started working together on or around May 10. We

from casually dropping in to speak with him. I still recall the image ofcompleted the theory near the end of June. It took about fifty days.

Dr. Sakata mopping the floor.

We had taken up the CP violation early and had been checking since
1964 to decide if it was time to tackle this question.

the same university in 1967 supervised by Professor Shoichi Sakata. He spent three years at Nagoya University as an assistantToward the end of World War II, Dr. Sakata was already totallyconvinced that Japan would lose, so his focus was already on how the

professor, then moved to Kyoto University where he had a fateful encounter with Makoto Kobayashi, a corecipient of the Nobel
Prize in Physics in 2008. Since then, he has also showed enthusiasm for social activities and nowadays is also famous as an anti-war

Even after we wrote our paper, it drew nobody’s attention because itlaboratory should be run after the war. In those days, a professor held

activist. In 1997, he became a professor at the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics at Kyoto University and held a directorship at

was written by young researchers in an unknown town in East Asia.

a chair. In 1946, this system was changed when the University was

the institute. After 2003, he moved to Kyoto Sangyo University as a full professor and established the Maskawa Institute for Science

Three years later, Nicola Cabibbo took up the same subject, without

reorganized. He said that all members of a laboratory were equal

Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, Nagoya University. Since 2010, he has been a member of the Japan Academy.

knowing about our work. In the “normal” course of events, the Italian

once they had begun research. In the new laboratory system, you

He won the Nishina Memorial Award in 1979, followed by the J.J. Sakurai prize and the Japan Academy Prize in 1985. In 2008, hebecomes famous first, and somebody points to a similar work by

were admitted into a laboratory as an autonomous researcher after

was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of atsome Japanese, allowing us to catch up with the rest of the world.

publishing a paper or so. All members of a laboratory were equal, andThis didn’t happen, thanks to Prof. Yoichi Iwasaki, who later served

anything was accepted with regard to the laboratory if it had beenas President of the University of Tsukuba. In those days, Prof. Iwasaki

decided by vote.

and Culture. He has been a university professor at Nagoya University since 2009, as well as a director at the Kobayashi-Maskawa

least three families of quarks in nature."

was at Kyoto and took notice of our work before moving to Tsukuba.
He told Dr. Hirotaka Sugawara, Chief of the Physics Division at theHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization, about our paper,

SCIENCE & PEACE

and they decided to call someone in the United States to do a bit of
PR for us, since they found our paper interesting. In fact, Dr.
Sugawara himself expanded our paper a little for publication. So we̶̶ You are an enthusiastic peace activist. Why?

reactor. It was a well-paid job, but I used to work, and still work,without remuneration whenever I can be useful and provide the kind

MASKAWA: I cooperate with people who defend Article 9 of theof knowledge that people need.

Japanese Constitution. My peace activism began around 1964, when
I got involved in movements opposing nuclear submarines calling at
Japanese ports and the construction of nuclear power plants. In thosedays, I used to go around meeting small groups of mothers here andthere. I used to be active at Nagoya University, too. When I moved to̶̶ So you continued your peace activism at Kyoto
Universit y. That was the same period as yourtheoretical work with Dr. Makoto Kobayashi, withwhom you shared the Nobel Prize.

owe our success to the two of them.

̶̶ Do you think that your social activism has had
an impact on your scientific work?
MASKAWA: It would be exaggerating if I said that my social
activism and scientific work were mutually beneficial, but it doesn’tmean that you can’t do both. In Dr. Shoichi Sakata’s laboratory, it wassaid that you were not a full-fledged scientist if you couldn’t play

Kyoto University, Kansai Electric was planning to build a nuclear
power plant in a small village on the Sea of Japan coast. The village

MASKAWA: Yes. In those days, I was the Secretary of the Faculty

more than one role. So I was always doing something besides mywas divided into two camps, for and against the project, fighting each

Union. Kobayashi used to come to the University at around ten in

research. You can always find time to pursue two different things that

other. I was commissioned to study and write a report on what would

the morning, and we would talk for about two hours and break forinterest you. If you have only one thing to do, you tend to slack off,

happen to the local river if cooling water was taken from there for thelunch. After lunch, Kobayashi went back to his office, and I ran

but if you have two or more, you try to be efficient.

03 | IAR LETTER | March 2016

A handwritten quote from Dr. Sakata.

March 2016 | IAR LETTER | 04

Special Interview | Toshihide M ASK AWA

it is not going well. But storing large quantities of plutonium is in
itself a problem. With that much plutonium, we can make hundreds

̶̶ Today, scientists are under pressure to produce
results that serve society immediately.

of atomic bombs within a year, which might then spread all over theworld because they want to export nuclear power generation. In

MASKAWA: This is an extremely bad situation for science. We aretoday’s politics, nothing true is said. I believe that it is wrong to be

not allowed to carefully and patiently work on something for a longallowed to store something that can be easily applied to anothertime because it is intriguing, although the project might fail. Everypurpose. This is, by extension, a question of war and peace.

year you must write annual reports and interim reports and fill out
application forms to ask for grants. You spend more time writing̶̶ In such a situation, how do you think scientists
should be involved in society?

interim reports than working on your research. This is an extremely
unfortunate situation.

MASKAWA: I take researchers out, even by deceiving them. If there
is a peace assembly or some related meeting, I would say to them,“The weather is great; let’s go for a walk,” and take them to themeeting. They always undergo a change afterwards. They inevitably
open their eyes when they contemplate society’s actual situation andhow it is changing and are forced to think of their children’s and̶̶ Dr. Sakata had thought about the new system
while the laboratory was evacuated to the countrysideduring the war and came back with the idea after thewar. Was he involved in the war as a scientist?

United States, had heard a rumor that the Nazis were amassing
uranium in Scandinavia and asked Einstein to talk to the American
government about the possible ramifications of Nazi Germany
beating the U.S. to make the world’s first atomic bomb. So Einsteintalked to the U.S. President. He must have been ashamed about this

MASKAWA: Dr. Sakata? No. Dr. Shin-ichiro Tomonaga (Nobel

afterwards. When Hideki Yukawa went to the United States after thePrize in Physics in 1965) seems to have been mobilized to take partwar, Einstein went to see him to apologize for his role of messenger,in a project to develop electromagnetic weapons. I have read theshedding tears and saying that his words had led the U.S. government

papers Dr. Tomonaga wrote at that time. I have the impression thatto drop two atomic bombs on Japan. The Russell-Einstein Manifesto,

he nicely managed to avoid getting involved. He did write papers, but

an approximately two-page document that was published later,

none of his research would be applicable to any war purpose. But I’m

indicates that if you carefully read between the lines, Einstein wassure there were scientists who collaborated because doing research

seriously concerned that a third world war would destroy the planet.

was interesting. They developed steel materials, which must havebeen used to build the battleships Yamato and Musashi, and they
thought that it was none of their business.

̶̶ The starting point of your peace activism isrelated to nuclear power plants. What do you think of
the utilization of nuclear power?

̶̶ Science can be used to serve both peace and war.

MASKAWA: We witnessed that accident in Fukushima. We know

didn’t care what purposes their research achievements served. Somethat the danger of nuclear power plants can be lowered if we spend
MASKAWA: Albert Einstein was gravely criticized for his suspected

more money. Is it appropriate to commercialize nuclear power at therole during the war. Leo Szilard, a Hungarian scientist in exile in thecurrent level ? I don’t think that we have arrived at such atechnological stage. But fossil fuels will one day be depleted. Then,
what should we do? There are moments when natural energy can’t beharnessed. Without winds blowing continuously, wind farms can’t
generate power. Power storage is also difficult. I believe that thebiggest mission of scientists today is to develop technologies for
low-cost power storage. What is most important is to clearlyrecognize the energy-related challenges we have to overcome as asociety.

̶̶ In Japan, much concern is focused on what to doabout the fast breeder reactor (FBR).
MASKAWA: Yes. It’s been suggested that it be discontinued because

05 | IAR LETTER | March 2016

grandchildren’s future lives.
Science begins with a question. Here are results, but how should you
interpret them? Do they suggest Phenomenon X, or am I wrong? I
call this a process of negation for affirmation. At the point where you
can no longer say “No,” you can at last say “Yes.” The report on thepossible discovery of the top quark was about 200 pages long, todemonstrate that it was NOT an erroneous signal. Without this, theInter view with Prof. Maskawa was done by M. Kawachi (Nag oya IAR), A .
Nishizawa (Nagoya IAR) and H. Nakazaki (Chunichi Shimbun Co., Ltd). This
interview article was written by H. Nakazaki and translated to English under the
responsibility of Nagoya IAR.

report could have been about four pages long. At first, there were allsorts of contamination caused by false signals, which we had to deny
one by one.

̶̶ Fina l l y, w hat is y o ur m e ss a g e to y o ung
researchers? What would you like to tell them?
MASKAWA: I think that you need a sense of longing and adventure
to develop as a research scientist. For example, in elementary school,a science teacher may make a digression and says, “A genius scientist
called Einstein said that time passes differently for people in different
motions.” This is something quite unforgettable. Most kids think,“That’s ridiculous,” and stop there, while some make a mental note ofit, plus the fact that no scientists are opposed to this theory. They
study more and get closer to Einstein, experiencing feelings ofadventure as they approach the object of their longing.
My object of longing was Dr. Sakata. It was in the autumn of my firstyear of senior high school. In 1955, he presented the Sakata model,
the forerunner of the quark model. I read about it in a boxed article
in a science magazine or something and felt quite excited to learn
that such advanced research was being conducted in my hometown.
In those days, senior high school science lessons covered only
discoveries made in Europe up to the 19th century, and nothing
contemporary. I discovered that something extraordinary was taking
place in Nagoya. I felt that I had to be a student of Dr. Sakata.

March 2016 | IAR LETTER | 06

Research Highlights _ 01

Hanako MEIDAI

Novel cell fusion terminates female
courtship in plantexistence of tiny “holes” between the persistent synergid cell and theendosperm. Electron micrographs of fertilized ovules revealed the absence ofa cell wall separating the two cells (Figure 2B). These data strikingly show
novel cell-to-cell fusion in flowering plants. It is well known that plant cells
are usually surrounded by a thick cell wall. Therefore, this finding that wetermed “synergid-endosperm fusion (SE fusion)” was surprising to many plantresearchers. There are only two cell-fusion events identified in the normal
developmental process in flowering plants: one is fertilization of the egg cell,and the other is fertilization of the central cell. The SE fusion is the thirdcell-to-cell fusion identified after 117 years since the discovery of double
fertilization.

Roles of SE fusion

Two developing seeds receiving single (left) or double (right) pollen tube(s) in Arabidopsis thaliana

Daisuke MARUYAMA
Designated Assistant Professor of Young Leaders Cultivation Program
Institute for Transformative Bio-Molecules / Institute of Advanced Research, Nagoya University
Email: maruyama.daisuke@f.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp

In flowering plants, immotile sperm cells are kept inside a growing pollen tube and conveyed to an egg-containing structure known as an ovule. The fertilized
ovule terminates the attraction to prevent additional fertilization by another pair of sperm cells from the second pollen tube. In this study, we discovered a
cessation mechanism of the pollen tube attraction caused by novel cell-to-cell fusion in a plant.(1)INTRODUCTION
In sexually reproducing organisms, a one-to-one relationship is formed
between male and female cells (e.g., an egg and a sperm). In flowering plants,
including the model plant used in this study, Arabidopsis thaliana, thispairing is established during pollen tube guidance. The pollen tube precisely
targets an ovule due to the secretion of attractant peptides from two synergid
cells, which are accessory cells adjacent to the egg cell. In the final stage of theguidance, the pollen tube discharges two sperm cells into a degeneratingsynergid cell, and each sperm cell fertilizes the egg cell and the central cell,
creating the embryo and the endosperm, respectively. After the double
fertilization, the ovule ceases to attract an additional pollen tube due to theinactivation of the remaining “persistent synergid cell” (see Figure 1). The
prevention of the attraction of multiple pollen tubes is considered to play an

07 | IAR LETTER | March 2016

The identity of the persistent synergid cell must be drastically changedby the SE fusion, because the persistent synergid cell is diluted many fold by
the efflux of a large volume of cellular contents to the endosperm. Time-lapse
imagings of a transgenic plant visualizing AtLURE1, a pollen tube attractant
peptide in Arabidopsis,(2) revealed that premature AtLURE1 accumulated in
the persistent synergid cell exhibited a rapid decrease through SE fusion.
Indeed, the ovules with the AtLURE1 signal also decreased in the early stagesof the seed development in an immuno-staining experiment. Presumably, thecytoplasmic dilution in the persistent synergid cell would reduce AtLURE1
secretion and disrupt the gradient of mature AtLURE1 on the surface of thefertilized ovule, leading to rapid termination of further pollen tube attraction.
The SE fusion appears to result in disorganization of the persistentsynergid nucleus, one of characteristic features of an inactivating synergid cell.
Time-lapse imagings of nuclei in the entire ovule showed that the nuclear
disorganization occurred by two to six hours after fertilization. Interestingly,
dynamic chromosomal condensations of the nuclear disorganization wereobserved during the mitotic stage of the endosperm. Although the endosperm
nucleus (or nuclei) gradually accumulated a mitotic-phase marker Cyclin
B1;2-YFP, the persistent synergid nucleus exhibited abrupt accumulation of
the marker, probably due to the influx of the endosperm contents caused by
the SE fusion. These data indicate that the persistent synergid nucleus begins
to share the same cytosol with the endosperm prior to preparation for mitosis(e.g ., DNA synthesis), and is selectively eliminated by a failure ofchromosome segregation known as a mitotic catastrophe.(3)Model of synergid inactivation
Our previous data demonstrated independent roles of the egg cell andthe central cell in the cessation of pollen tube attraction.(4) Thus, we
examined whether SE fusion was one such mechanism. Single fertilization ofeither the egg cell or the central cell was induced by pollination of a mutant
exhibiting reduced fertility, and the frequency of the SE fusion by an
endosperm marker plant was analyzed. The SE fusion was never observed in
the ovules after single fertilization of the egg cell, while the fusion took placein the ovules after the single fertilization of the central cell, suggesting the
cessation of pollen tube attraction controlled by the central cell via the SE(A) Migration of mitochondria (green) from the persistent synergid (white dotted line) to theendosperm (orange dotted line). (B) Electron micrograph of fusion site (arrow). End and PSC areabbreviations of endosperm and persistent synergid cell, respectively.

fusion. So, how does the egg cell in turn regulate the synergid inactivation?
We focused on the signaling pathway of a gaseous hormone, ethylene, because
the signaling activated after double fertilization is responsible for the nuclear
disorganization of the persistent synergid.(5) Mutant-induced single
fertilization analysis demonstrated that the egg cell, but not the central cell,
predominantly stabilized EIN3, a key transcription factor in the ethylene
signaling. Taken together, we proposed that a three-step synergid inactivation
regulates two independent fertilizations. First, fertilization of the egg cell
predominantly induces the activation of ethylene signaling and prepares
nuclear disorganization of the persistent synergid. Second, fertilization of thecentral cell triggers the SE fusion, and the synergid contents including
pre-secreted AtLURE1 are diluted, leading to acute disruption of the pollen
tube guidance. Finally, the identity of the synergid cell completely disappears
due to the nuclear disorganization of the persistent synergid duringendosperm proliferation.

CONCLUSION
We successfully elucidated the inactivation mechanisms of the persistentsynergid cell by a series of live-imagings and mutant analyses. The regulationof the second pollen tube attraction plays an important role in plant fertility,
and understanding of the mechanism may contribute to the development ofnovel breeding techniques. The SE fusion process suggests novel types ofprogrammed-cell-death mediated by cell-to-cell fusion, and has had a strong
impact on basic cell biolog y as well as plant research. In the process of
exploring the molecular mechanisms of SE fusion, we will learn more about
the physiological functions of cell-to-cell fusion in various developmental
scenes, which have been overlooked for years in botany.

Acknowledgements
I would like to thank Prof. Higashiyama and the lab members for giving me advice andcontinuous encouragement. I also highly appreciate the other co-authors: Völz, R.;
Takeuchi, H.; Kawashima, T.; Mori, T.; Groß-Hardt, R.; Nishikawa, S.; Ito, M.; Igawa,
T.; Umeda, M.; Kurihara, D.; and Ueda, M.

important role in efficient male-female pairing in terms of the pollination of
fewer pollen grains or the blockade of multiple fertilizations of the egg cell by
more than two sperm cells. However, the inactivation mechanisms of thepersistent synergid cell had previously been totally unknown.

References

Discovery of SE fusion
To elucidate the alteration of the persistent synergid cell, we performed
time-lapse imagings of fertilized ovules from a transgenic plant expressing
mitochondrion-localized Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) under the control
of a synergid-specific gene promoter. To our surprise, the GFP-labeled
mitochondria began to migrate from the persistent synergid cell to theendosperm within a few hours after the double fertilization, indicating anefflux of mitochondria to the endosperm (Figure 2A). We thus assumed the

Synergid-endosperm fusion (SE fusion).

Double fertilization and persistent synergid inactivation.
Schematic drawing of an ovule attracting a single pollen tube (left), the ovule receiving two
sperm cells from the pollen tube (middle), and inactivation of the persistent synergid after
double fertilization (right).

(1) Maruyama, D. et al., “Rapid elimination of the persistent synergid through a cellfusion mechanism” Cell 161, 907–918 (2015).
(2) Takeuchi, H. and Higashiyama, T., “A species-specific cluster of defensin-like genes
encodes diffusible pollen tube attractants in Arabidopsis” PLoS Biol. 10, e1001449.
(3) Maruyama, D. et al., “Selective nuclear elimination in multinucleate cells”
Oncotarget 6, 30447–30448 (2015).
(4) Maruyama, D. et al., “Independent control by each female gamete prevents theattraction of multiple pollen tubes” Dev. Cell 25, 317–323 (2013).
(5) Völz, R. et al., “Ethylene signaling is required for synergid degeneration and theestablishment of a pollen tube block” Dev.Cell 25, 310–316 (2013).

March 2016 | IAR LETTER | 08

Research Highlights _ 02

Mizuki KOMURA

Consequences of War : Japanese demographictransition and the marriage market

over family planning. The causes of these conflicts of interest include theasymmetric cost of having children (i.e., the biological cost of giving birth andthe intervals imposed on one’s career), and different weights of interest on thequantity and the quality of one’s children. In the common situation whereinhusbands prefer a larger family size than their wives, the empowerment of
women is likely to induce a reduction in the number of children; conversely,
weakening women’s autonomy leads to an increase in the number of children.
One of the determinants of the bargaining position is the sex ratio in themarriage market. The more possible partners a man or woman has in themarriage market, the greater the autonomy he/she wields within thehousehold, since it enables him/her to seek an alternative marriage partner.
Thus, our theory predicts that fertility rises in proportion to the ratio of
women to men in the marriage market, and vice versa.

Identification strategy
Using the historical event of WWII as a natural experiment andlongitudinal data sets of the 46 prefectures of Japan (similar to states in theUS), we empirically demonstrated the relationship between the CBR andchanges in the sex ratio (the ratio of women aged 15–59 to men of the sameage group). The changes in the sex ratio were mainly caused by the tragic
fatalities of soldiers. Soldiers were healthy and of prime marriageable age, andtheir destinations were less likely to reflect their own intentions than in the caseof labor migration, so we can regard the changes in the sex ratio as exogenous
events in the marriage market. Figure 1 shows the spatial distribution of thechanges in the sex ratio from 1935 to 1947. The darker shades indicate thatsuch regions experienced a severe scarcity of males as a consequence of the war.
We can see that the changes were not concentrated in specific areas.

Consequences of War by Peter Paul Rubens (1637–1638: located at The Palazzo Pitti in Florence)

From a historical point of view, the Japanese experience in the period
immediately after WWII differed from those of other countries in that it
accepted fundamental changes to its constitution and legislation imposed by
the Allied powers. These changes entailed the disestablishment of the
feudalistic family systems. One such change was the setting of a new equitabledivorce law for both parties, which strictly prohibited having other partners
outside marriage, while only wives had been punished for such transgressions
under the previous law. The other change was a new unfavorable inheritance
law for out-of-wedlock children. These changes dissuaded couples from having
extra marriages, resulting in a weakened adjustment mechanism of themarriage market. Thus, although the constitutional changes were regarded as aform of female empowerment in society introduced by the Allied powers, they
led that an unfavorable situation in the marriage market was reflected more in
intra-household allocation, including fertility decisions. Indeed, significant
increases in out-of-wedlock children as a form of polygamy were commonly
observed due to the scarcity of men after wars in France, Germany and Russia,
while the number of out-of-wedlock children remained relatively low in Japaneven right after WWII.

CONCLUSION
In this study, we confirmed fertility bargaining in the history of Japan,
demonstrating the effects of the exogenous historical event of WWII on
fertility decisions as an outcome of intra-household bargaining, and found thatthe regions that had experienced large changes in the sex ratio experienced
slower declines in the fertility rate compared to regions with fewer changes.
Our study from the viewpoint of the marriage market did not exclude thepossibility of determinants of fertility in the Japanese post-war period that had
already been raised by existing studies: increased access to and strategies forbirth control, enriched living standards, and urbanization, followed by shifts inparental interest from the quantity to the quality of their children, and theemergence of female labor participation in the final part of our period ofinterest.＊ However, understanding the effects of this seemingly unique
historical event on the marriage market may contribute to providing a new
insight into future interventions in countries suffering from sequential civil
wars that are aiming at economic development combined with gender
empowerment.

Mizuki KOMURA
Designated Assistant Professor of the Young Leaders Cultivation Program
Graduate School of Economics / Institute of Advanced Research, Nagoya University
E-mail: komura@soec.nagoya-u.ac.jp
Spatial distribution of changes in the sex ratio in Japan from 1935 to 1947

M

izuki Komura received her PhD at Nagoya University, subsequently joining the Institute for Advanced Research at Nagoya University and IZA as a
Research Affiliate in 2014. She is currently visiting the University of Florence in Italy. Her main research interests are household economics, labor
economics, and public economics. Among the fields, she investigates the behaviors of families and their interrelationship with public polices, including the topics offertility decisions by couples, arrangement of elderly cares by family members and intergenerational relations.

INTRODUCTION
Since the Second World War (WWII), Japan has witnessed rapid
population aging. The crude birth rate (CBR, the number of live births per1000 people) plunged by half in a decade, from a peak of 34.65 in 1947 to
17.58 in 1957. This drastic drop has attracted considerable attention fromresearchers all over the world, leading to attempts to explain this demographictransition, which was in turn followed by remarkable economic development.
Ogasawara and Komura (2015) explore how the Japanese demographictransition was affected by the historical event of the war from the scope of themarriage market. This study specifically examined the effects of the imbalancein the sex ratio caused by the war on family planning of households.

09 | IAR LETTER | March 2016

Making use of the variation in the changes in the sex ratio discussed
above, we hypothesized therefore that the CBR would be high in regions thatexperienced a severe scarcity of marriageable men due to the damage of WWII.
Our theoretical interpretation was as follows: since men were scarce in themarriage market, it was relatively easy for them to find a marital partner. This
led to favorable marriage outcomes for men, and thus households reflected
more the intention of the husbands, who typically had a larger ideal family size
than their wives.

Intra-household bargaining over fertility and the sex ratio
in the marriage market

RESULTS

Because it affects the population in the whole economy, the fertility
decisions of each household are not separable from economic development
and growth. Recent studies on development economics and population
economics have pointed out the possibility of fertility decisions as aconsequence of negotiation between the spouses involved, rather than that ofa choice by the household as a single decision-making unit, and that suchdecisions relate to some extent to the power balance between men andwomen (Komura, 2013).
The idea of fertility bargaining is that the couple has conflicting goals

Our analysis estimated the causality relationship of the sex ratio on thefertility decisions of couples affected by the war. In Figure 2, the solid line
represents the fitted line of the sex ratio in 1947 (the horizontal axis) and themean value of the CBR from 1948 to 1960 (the vertical axis), in which changes inthe sex ratio were considered to influence the marriage market. Figure 2 confirmsthat male scarcity (the higher sex ratio of women to men) in the marriage market
in 1947 had a significantly positive effect on the CBR of post-war marriages (theestimated coefficient of the changes in the sex ratio is 14.69, with a standard errorof 7.69), so our hypothesis is supported by the evidence.

The causal relationship of the sex ratio in 1947 on the mean CBR of 1948-1960
Note: The figure uses the available data of 46 prefectures showing the causal relationship of sex
ratio (female/male, aged 20-50) in 1947 on the mean value of crude birth rate (the number oflive birth per 1,000 population) from 1948 to1960. The fitted line indicates the significant
positive relationship between two variables (the estimated coefficient of the changes in the sex
ratio is 14.69, with a standard error of 7.69).

References(1) Komura, M. (2013). “Fertility and endogenous gender bargaining power” Journal of
Population Economics, 26(3), 943–961.
(2) Ogasawara, K. and Komura, M. (2015). “Marriage market, social reform andintra-household bargaining: evidence from Japanese experience of WW2” mimeo.
＊More formal analyses with control variables are carried out in Ogasawara and Komura (2015).
Figures are used from Ogasawara and Komura (2015).

March 2016 | IAR LETTER | 10

Research Highlights _ 03

Tatsuhiro NAKA

Super High-resolution Nuclear Emulsion for
Directional Dark Matter Search

There are two main methods used to identify dark matter: that using
annual modulation, and that using direction asymmetry. For example, thenumber of signals varies depending on the relative velocities between the dark
matter and the earth moving around the sun. This means the dark mattersignals are expected to exhibit behavior with annual modulation. Current
major experiments aim to observe this behavior, but as it has a modulation ofa few percent, there are some difficulties in identifying dark matter clearly.
The direction-sensitive method is a powerful method for identifying dark
matter using the asymmetry of the angular distribution of signals and lower
statistics than the annual modulation method [4]. However, no appropriate
detectors have been made yet that exhibit perfect performance, because thetechnologies for obtaining directional information to target energy (less thanapprox. 100 keV) for dark matter detection are currently poor.
The motivation of this study is to make feasible an original directionsensitive detector for an interesting dark matter model, and to promote a
project to carry out large scale directional dark matter search.

Directional dark matter search with nuclear emulsion
We proposed a super-high resolution nuclear emulsion as a directionsensitive dark matter detector. However, this was a big challenge because,
although nuclear emulsion detectors have a very long history, in this study,quite new devices, readout systems and various technologies for backgroundrejection with quite different qualities from current technologies had to becreated from scratch. In the following section, summaries and the statuses of
new technologies and projects will be introduced.

Fine-grained nuclear emulsion

Fig.1 Underground laboratory of the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), Italy

Tatsuhiro NAKA
Designated Assistant Professor of the Young Leaders Cultivation Program
Center of Experimental Studies, Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute / Institute of Advanced Research, Nagoya University
Email: naka@flab.phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp

The requirements for a direction-sensitive dark matter detector are very
high spatial resolution, scalability, and low background. In particular, such
resolution requires detection performance of better than submicron level of
nuclear recoil signals due to dark matter in order to obtain directional
information, but no such detector yet exists in the world. Here, we focused on
nuclear emulsion. Nuclear emulsion is kind of photographic film, but it
functions as a particle or radiation detector that can obtain 3D information of
tracks with very high spatial resolution (approx. 1 µm). However, its current
performance is very poor for this purpose. So, to improve the resolution, theidea was to micronize a silver halide crystal, which worked as a sensor for thedevice similar to a CCD camera. In 2010, the original machine designed torealize this was installed in Nagoya University, and the original production
method was established. Here, the crystal size was controlled to the accuracyof several nanometers, and the new device was named the Nano Imaging
Tracker (NIT) [5] (Fig.2). Intrinsically, this device can detect particle tracks
of more than 50 nm in length, and the detector has the highest resolution in
the world. Additionally, we succeeded in the demonstration of detection
performance to target energy for dark matter search.

High resolution readoutT

he problem of dark matter is one of the most important subjects for natural science; elucidation of its character leads to understanding of the very origins of
the universe. Direct dark matter search on the earth is the most promising method for discovering and understanding its character. In particular,
direction-sensitive dark matter search is a powerful method for searching with high reliability, because the direction of dark matter on the earth is expected to exhibit
unisotropy, and data thereof should constitute evidence for identifying dark matter signals. This study proposed using a super high-resolution nuclear emulsion as adetector, and the development of various new devices and technologies raised the possibility of carrying out such a method. International collaboration has now been
established and promoted as the “NEWS (Nuclear Emulsion for the WIMPs Search)” project at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory, Italy.

INTRODUCTION
The advance of technologies for observing the universe have resulted in
the understanding that, in particular very high precision measurement ofcosmic microwave backgrounds (CMB) indicate that elements comprisingordinal matter account for just 5% of the total energy of the universe, while
the remainder consists of unknown dark elements [1]. In particular, dark
matter observed due to the effect of gravity (e.g., the rotation of the galaxy
and gravitational lensing) is currently one of the most important subjects tobe grasped in natural science. The existence of dark matter in the Milky Way
galaxy has been understood by measuring rotational velocity [2][3], and local
dark matter density around the solar system can be estimated as 0.4 GeV/cm3.

11 | IAR LETTER | March 2016

This means that the flux of dark matter on the earth is expected to be approx.
106/cm2/sec in the case of hydrogen equivalent mass. Therefore, direct dark
matter search on the earth is the most important approach for directly
elucidating this.

Direct detection of dark matter through direction sensitivity
Direct search for dark matter is possible in principle by the detection ofrecoiled nuclei induced by dark matter. However, the possibility of finding
such recoiled nuclei depends on the event rate, which is affected byinteraction possibilities, the mass of dark matter particles, the amount oftarget mass, the detectable energy threshold, and background levels.

Recorded events at the NIT have to be read out and output as data
automatically. Readout technologies and performance are one of the mostimportant factors for defining the achievable experiment scale and sensitivity.
As technologies for achieving this, quite new methods and algorithms were
proposed [6] and demonstrated (this was an innovative approach, because
conventional nuclear emulsions have continued to utilize fundamentally thesame algorithms for 30 years).
In this research, a new analysis system based on an optical microscope
was constructed, and it became possible to read out submicron length tracks
of more than 100 nm automatically, with an angular resolution better than 30
degrees. This system would perform the function of screening candidate
tracks, and an additional step to distinguish and confirm the signals from thebackgrounds would be required. Such systems were also newly developed inthis research. For example, a hard X-ray microscope was one of the tools used
to realize this, because this system can achieve both non-destructive and superresolution (of about 60 nm). In this study, a new system using a hard X-ray
microscope at Spring-8 of JASRI was developed in collaboration withSPring-8 [7]. As an additional method, localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR) is a very interesting phenomenon, and can be applied tosuper-resolution analysis, and this is already demonstrated to achieve 10 nm
spatial resolutions under an optical microscope. We are constructing apractical application system using such new information.

Low-background technologies
As the interaction strength of dark matter to standard matter should bevery low, various contaminations have to be considered as the backgroundsource. For example, environment radioisotopes will produce serious
background noise despite being very low-level. Environmental radiation fromradioisotopes around the detector can be shielded in principle; however,intrinsic radioactivity etc., is the most serious. We were able to obtain data for
the quantitative amount of such radiation using a pure Ge detector and
ICP-MS, etc.. Currently, background rejection studies are the main topic ofstudy, and we are developing various technologies to reject background (e.g.,chemical sensitivity control, cryogenic devices, and so on).

The news project
The above technical breakthrough proved to be an important step for
promoting the project. Now, international collaboration has been establishedas the “NEWS (Nuclear Emulsion for WIMPs Search)” project, andorganization of the project and the making of a proposal are under way.
Currently, the participating countries are Japan, Italy, Turkey and Russia, andabout 50 persons have signed the previous Letter of Intent.
As cosmic rays or radiation induced by cosmic rays present the risk of
producing fake signals in the search for exotic particles such as dark matter, an
experimental field located deep underground is required, with rock providing
a shield from cosmic rays. This project will be started at the Gran Sasso
National Laboratory (LNGS) in Italy, which has a very large laboratory about1000 m underground (Fig.1). We will start the first pilot run in the coming
two years.

Fig.2 Fine-grained nuclear emulsion device for directional dark matter searchdeveloped by our group at Nagoya University

Acknowledgements
This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 23840018, 25800140,
15H05446 26104005, and the YLC program of the Institute for Advanced Research at
Nagoya University.

References(1) P. A. R. Ade (and Planck collaboration), Astronomy & Astrophysics, 571, A10(2014)(2) D.P.Clemens, Astrophys. J. 295, 422–436 (1985)(3) C. S. Oh, H. Kobayashi, M. Honma, T. Hirota, K. Sato and Y. Ueno, Publ. Astron.
Soc. Japan 62, 101–114(2010)(4) D.N.Spergel, Phys. Rev. D 37, 1353(1988)(5) T. Naka et al., Nucl. Inst. Meth. A 718 (2013) 519–521(6) K. Kimura and T. Naka, Nucl. Inst. Meth. A 680, 12–17 (2012)(7) T. Naka et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 86, 073701 (2015)

March 2016 | IAR LETTER | 12

IAR Core FacultyCommittee

Affiliation : Associate Professor at Nagoya IAR
Research Interests : Industrial organization. Environmental and resource economics

The IAR Core Faculty Committee is composed of the Institute Director, Deputy
Directors, Full-Time Faculty Members, and member of the clerical staff, who
promote the Institute’s activities, and make proposals to the IAR Committee.
DapengCAI
Full-Time Faculty

Affiliation : Director of Nagoya IAR/ Professor of the Graduate School of Science
Research Interests : Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of Carbon Nanomaterials (Fullerenes,
Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene) and Other Atomic Layered Materials

Hisanori
SHINOHARA
Director

MAJOR WORKS“Protection versus Free Trade: Lobbying Competition between Domestic and Foreign Firms” Cai, D.
and Li, J., Southern Economic Journal, Vol. 81, pp. 489-505 (2014)“Limit of the Solutions for the Finite Horizon Problems as the Optimal Solution to the Infinite
Horizon Optimization Problems”, Cai, D. and Nitta, T., Journal of Difference Equations andApplications, Vol. 17, pp. 359-373 (2011)

MAJOR WORKS“Bottom-up Formation of Endohedral Mono-Metallofullerenes is Directed by Charge Transfer”
P.W.Dunk, M.Mulet-Gas, Y.Nakanishi, N.K.Kaiser, A.Rodriguez-Fortea, H.Shinohara, J.P.Poblet,
A.G.Marshall and H.W.Kroto, Nature Commun., vol. 5, art. 5844 (2014)“Growth of Carbon Nanotubes via Twisted Graphene Nanoribbons” H.E.Lim, Y.Miyata, R.Kitaura,
Y.Nishimura, Y.Nishimoto, S.Irle, J.H.Warner, H.Kataura and H.Shinohara, Nature Commun., vol.
4，
art. 2548 (2013)

Affiliation : Associate Professor at Nagoya IAR
Research Interests : Plant physiology, Biochemistry

Miki
KAWACHI
Full-Time Faculty

MAJOR WORKS”Amino acid screening based on structural modeling identifies critical residues for function, ion
selectivity and structure of Arabidopsis MTP1”, The FEBS Journal, vol. 279, pp. 2339-2356 (2012)“Deletion of a histidine-rich loop of AtMTP1, a vacuolar Zn 2+ /H+ antiporter of Arabidopsis thaliana,
stimulates the transport activity”, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 283, pp. 8374-8383 (2008)

NasohiSUGIYAMA
Deputy Director

MAJOR WORKS“Cosmic Background A nisotropies in Cold Dark Matter Cosmolog y”, Naoshi Sugiyama,
Astrophysical Journal Supplement, vol.100, pp. 281-305 (1995)“The physics of microwave background anisotropies”, Wayne, Hu, Naoshi Sugiyama, Joseph Silk,
Nature, vol. 386, Issue 6620, pp. 37-43 (1997)

Affiliation : Designated Lecturer at Nagoya IAR
Research Interests : Observational Cosmology, Astronomy

AtsushiNISHIZAWA
Full-Time Faculty

Affiliation : Deputy Director of Nagoya IAR/ Professor of the Graduate School of Law
Research Interests : Atypical employment policy, Comparative study of standard labor relations inJapan and Germany, Comparative study of deregulation of labor law in Japan and the Republic of Korea

MAJOR WORKS“The integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect and the Rees-Sciama effect”, A.J. Nishizawa, Progress ofTheoretical and Experimental Physics, vol. 6, PTEP 6B101 (2014)“Perturbation theory for the non-linear halo power spectrum: the renormalized bias and halo bias”,
A.J. Nishizawa et al, MNRAS, vol.433 pp. 209-220 (2013)

HajimeWADA
Deputy Director

MAJOR WORKS“Analysis of work hours policy of Abenomics”, Quarterly Labor Law, Nr. 245, pp. 32-46 (2014)“Gesetzliche Regelungen zum befristeten Arbeitsvertrag in Japan”, Moderne Arbeitswelt: Festschrift
für Rolf Wank, edited by Martin Hensler, Jacob Joussen, Martin Matius and Ulrich Preis Verlag, C.H.
Beck München, pp. 617-633 (2014)

Affiliation : Deputy Director of Nagoya IAR/ Professor of the Graduate School of Bioagricultural
Sciences
Research Interests : Molecular Plant Physiology

Hitoshi
SAKAKIBARA
Deputy Director

13 | IAR LETTER | March 2016

MAJOR WORKS“Arabidopsis ABCG14 is essential for root-to-shoot translocation of cytokinin.”, Ko, D., Kang, J.,
Kiba, T., Park, J., Kojima, M., Do, J., Kim, K.Y., Kwon, M, Endler, A., Song, W.-Y., Martinoia, E.,
Sakakibara, H. and Lee, Y., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., vol. 111, pp. 7150-7155 (2014)“Copper mediates auxin signalling to control cell differentiation in the copper moss, Scopelophila
cataractae.”, Nomura, T., Itouga, M., Kojima, M., Kato, Y., Sakakibara, H. and Hasezawa, S., J. Exp.
Bot., vol. 66, pp. 1205-1213 (2015)

March 2016 | IAR LETTER | 14

IAR PEOPLE | IAR Core Faculty Committee

IAR PEOPLE | IAR Core Faculty Committee

Affiliation : Deputy Director of Nagoya IAR/ Professor of the Graduate School of Science
Research Interests : Cosmology, Astrophysics, Structure Formation in the Universe

IAR
Steering Committee

Affiliation : Professor of the Graduate School of Mathematics
Research Interests : Mathematics, Algebra, Algebraic Geometry

The IAR Steering Committee plan, discuss, and decide on the Institute’s
academic activities.
Shigeyuki
KONDO
Steering Committee

MAJOR WORKS“The automorphism group of a generic Jacobian Kummer surface”, Shigeyuki Kondo, J. Algebraic
Geom., vol. 7, pp. 589—609 (1998)
2) “A complex hyperbolic structure of the moduli space of curves of genus three”, Shigeyuki Kondo,
J.Reine Angew. Math., vol. 525, pp. 219—232 (2000)

Affiliation : Vice President of Nagoya University, Professor of Graduate School of Sciences
Research Interests : X-ray Astronomy ・X-ray Optics

HideyoKUNIEDA
Steering Committee

MAJOR WORKS"Gravitationally Redshifted Emission Implying an Accretion Disk and Massive Black Hole in the
Active Galaxy MCG-6-30-15", Y. Tanaka, K. Nandra, A.C. Fabian, H. Inoue, C. Otani, T. Dotani,
K. Hayashida, K. Iwasawa, T. Kii, H. Kunieda, F. Makino, and M. Matsuoka, Nature, Vol. 375,659-661 (1995)"Rapid Variability of the Iron Fluorescence Line from the Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC6814", H. Kunieda,
T. J. Turner, H. Awaki, K. Koyama, R. Mushotzky, and Y. Tsusaka;, Nature, Vol. 345, 786-788 (1990)

The IAR Faculty members commit themselves to obtaining the outstanding
results that their superior projects suggest. In addition, they are expected tocontribute to the overall improvement of research at the University and to work
towards increasing the University’s reputation as a site of advanced learning.

IAR Faculty

IAR PEOPLE | Steering Committee

Akira
FUJIMAKI
Steering Committee

MAJOR WORKS"Cryogenic ferromagnetic patterns with controlled magnetization for superconducting phase-shiftelements," S. Taniguchi, H. Ito, K. Ishikawa, H. Akaike, and A. Fujimaki, Japanese Journal of Applied
Physics, vol. 54 , art. 043101 (2015)”Rapid single-flux-quantum circuits fabricated using 20-kA/cm2 Nb/AlOx/Nb process,”
M. Tanaka, M. Kozaka, Y. Kita, A. Fujimaki, S. Nagasawa, and M. Hidaka, IEEE Trans. on
Appl.Supercond., vol. 25, art. 1100304 (2015)

Affiliation : Emeritus Professor at Nagoya University/ the Japan Academy, Institut de France,
Correspondant de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
Research Interests : History of Medieval Europe

ShoichiSATO
IAR Faculty“An Abbey and its Peasants in the Touraine of the Merovingian Times. Study of the Accounting
Documents from Saint-Martin of Tours” (in Japanese), Nagoya University Press, pp. 775 (1997)“Studies of the Frankish History in Post-Roman Era” (in Japanese), Iwanami Publishers, pp. 344(2000)

Affiliation : Professor of the Graduate School of Letters
Research Interests : Japanese Linguistics Phonological History of Japanese. Grammatical Historuy
of Japanese Theoretical HIstory of JapaneseToru
KUGINUKI
Steering Committee

TakakiMIYATA
Steering Committee

15 | IAR LETTER | March 2016

MAJOR WORKS

Affiliation : Professor of the Graduate School of Mathematics
Research Interests : Algebra

Osamu
IYAMA
MAJOR WORKSIAR Faculty

MAJOR WORKS"The Formation and the Academic School of Modern Japanese Luinguistics", Hitsuji Shobo(2013)"Study on KANAZUKAI in early modern times", NAGOYA University Press (2007)“Mutation in triangulated categories and rigid Cohen-Macaulay modules”, O. Iyama, Y. Yoshino,
Invent. Math, vol. 172 pp.117-168 (2008)“Higher-dimensional Auslander-Reiten theory on maximal orthogonal subcategories”, O. Iyama,Adv. Math., vol. 210 pp. 22-50 (2007)

Affiliation : Professor of the Graduate School of Medicine
Research Interests : Neural Development

Affiliation : Designated Professor of the Graduate School of Science
Research Interests : Chronobiology, Circadian clock, KaiC ATPase, Plant Physiology

MAJOR WORKS“TAG-1–assisted progenitor elongation streamlines nuclear migration to optimize subapical
crowding”, Okamoto, M., Namba, T., Shinoda, T., Kondo, T., Watanabe, T., Inoue, Y., Takeuchi, K.,
Enomoto, Y., Ota, K., Oda, K., Wada, Y., Sagou, K., Saito, K., Sakakibara, A., Kawaguchi, A.,
Nakajima, K., Adachi, T., Fujimori, T., Ueda, M. Hayashi, S., Kaibuchi, K., Miyata, T., Nature
Neuroscience, vol. 16, pp. 1556-1566 (2013)“Asymmetric inheritance of radial glial fibers by cortical neurons”, Miyata, T., Kawaguchi, A.,
Okano, H., and Ogawa, M., Neuron, vol. 31, pp. 727-741 (2001)

Takao
KONDO
IAR Faculty

MAJOR WORKS“Expression of a gene cluster kaiABC as a circadian feedback process in cyanobacteria”, Ishiura M,
Kutsuna S, Aoki S, Iwasaki H, Andersson, CA, Tanabe A, Golden SS, Johnson CH, Kondo T,
Science, vol. 281, pp. 1519-1523 (1998)“Reconstitution of Circadian Oscillation of Cyanobacterial KaiC Phosphorylation in vitro”,
Nakajima M, Imai K, Ito H, Nishiwaki T, Murayama Y, Iwasaki H, Oyama T, Kondo T. Science, vol.
308, pp. 414-415 (2005)

March 2016 | IAR LETTER | 16

IAR PEOPLE | IRA Steering Committee & IAR Faculty

Affiliation : Vice Trustee of Nagoya University/ Professor of the Graduate School of Engineering
Research Interests : Superconductor Device, Integrated Circuit, Detector System

Affiliation : Professor of the Graduate School of Science
Research Interests : Radio astronomy

Yasuo
FUKUI
IAR Faculty

IAR Tenure-Track
Faculty

The Institute selects and supports young researchers who are expected to leadthe research of the University in the next generation as the Tenure-track Faculty.

MAJOR WORKS“A Detailed Study of the Molecular and Atomic Gas toward theγ-Ray Supernova Remnant RX
J1713.7-3946: Spatial TeVγ-Ray and Interstellar Medium Gas Correspondence”, Fukui, Y., 15
colleagues, Astrophys. J, vol. 746, pp. 82-99 (2012)“Molecular Loops in the Galactic Center : Evidence for Magnetic Flotation”, Fukui, Y., 13 colleagues,
Science, vol. 314, pp.106-109 (2006)

Affiliation : Designated Lecturer at Nagoya IAR / Graduate School of Medicine
Research Interests : Understanding the intractable mechanisms and developing the novel therapies inmalignant lymphoma

Kazuyuki
SHIMADA
Affiliation : Visiting Professor of the Graduate School of Engineering/ Professor at Meijo University
Research Interests : Intelligent Robotic and Mechatronic System, Cellular Robotic System, andMicro- and Nano-robotic System

Tenure Track Faculty（YLC-t）

MAJOR WORKS“Retrospective Analysis of Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma Treated With Rituximab-Containing
Chemotherapy As Reported by the IVL Study Group in Japan”, Shimada K et al., J Clin Oncol. vol. 26,
pp. 3189-3195 (2008)“Presentation and management of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma”, Shimada K et al., Lancet Oncol.
vol. 10, pp. 895-902 (2009)

ToshioFUKUDAIAR Faculty

MAJOR WORKS“On-chip Fabrication of Magnetic Alginate Hydrogel Microfibers by Multi-Layered Pneumatic
Microvalves”, Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, vol. 17, pp. 457-468 (2014)“Micro-assembly of a Vascular-like Micro-channel with Railed Micro-robot Team-coordinated
Manipulation”, International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, vol. 11, p. 115 (2014),

Affiliation : Designated Lecturer at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Science
Research Interests : Chromosome Biology

Affiliation : Visiting Professor at Nagoya University / Professor at Chubu University
Research Interests : History of Social Thought

Tenure Track Faculty（YLC-t）

TakahoANDO
IAR Faculty“Sororin mediates sister chromatid cohesion by antagonizing Wapl”, Nishiyama T, Ladurner R,
Schmitz J, Kreidl E, Schleiffer A, Bhaskara V, Bando M, Shirahige K, Hyman AA, Mechtler K,
Peters JM., Cell. Vol. 143, pp. 737-49 (2010)“Aurora B and Cdk1 mediate Wapl activation and release of acetylated cohesin fromchromosomes by phosphorylating Sororin”, Nishiyama T, Sykora MM, Huis In 't Veld PJ,
Mechtler K, Peters JM., PNAS, vol. 110, pp. 13404-13409 (2013)

MAJOR WORKS“Establishment of French liberalism” (in Japanese), Nagoya University Press, (2007)“France 's modern thought” (in Japanese) Annual Report of the Society for the History of Social
Thought, vol. 37, pp.33-53 (2013)

Affiliation : Designated Lecturer at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Medicine
Research Interests : Development, Neurobiolog y, Mechanism of Extracellular proteins in
Neuromuscular Junction

Bisei
OHKAWARA
Tenure Track Faculty（YLC-t）

17 | IAR LETTER | March 2016

MAJOR WORKS

MAJOR WORKS"“LRP4 third β-propeller domain mutations cause novel congenital myasthenia by compromisingagrin-mediated MuSK signaling in a position-specific manner”, Ohkawara B, Cabrera-Serrano M,
Nakata T, Milone M, Asai N, Ito K, Ito M, Masuda A, Ito Y, Engel AG, Ohno K., Hum Mol Genet, vol.
23, pp. 1856-1868 (2014)“Requirement of prorenin receptor and vacuolar H+-ATPase-mediated acidification for Wnt signaling”,
Cruciat CM*, Ohkawara B*, Acebron SP, Karaulanov E, Reinhard C, Ingelfinger D, Boutros M, Niehrs
C, Science, vol. 327, pp. 459-63 (2010) *:equal contribution

March 2016 | IAR LETTER | 18

IAR PEOPLE | Tenure-Track Faculty

IAR PEOPLE | IAR Faculty

TomokoNISHIYAMAYLC
Program Faculty

YLC Faculty members are promising young researchers recruited under the
Nagoya University Young Leaders Cultivation Program (YLC Program).

ShinyaMATSUZAKIYoung Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Nagoya
University
Research Interests : Research on Origin of Mass
MAJOR WORKS“Holographic QCD Integrated back to Hidden Local Symmetry”, M.Harada, S.Matsuzaki and
K.Yamawaki, Phys.Rev. vol. 82, art. 076010 (2010)“Is 125 GeV techni-dilaton found at LHC?”,
S.Matsuzaki and K.Yamawaki, Phys.Lett.B vol. 719, pp. 378-382 (2013)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Medicine
Research Interests : Respiratory Medicine; Pneumonia; Infectious Diseases; Immunotherapy

Yuichiro
SHINDO
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty (YLC)

Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Bioscience Biotechnology Center
Research Interests : Glycobiology, Neuroscience

ShinjiMIYATA
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

A f fi liation : Desig nated A ssistant Professor at Nagoya I A R and E xperimenta l Studies,
Kobayashi-Maskawa InstituteResearch Interests : Particle physics, Dark Matter, Radiation physics
MAJOR WORKS“A novel approach to dark matter search based on nanometric emulsions”, A. Alexandrov T. Asada N.
D’Ambrosio G. De Lellis, A. Di Crescenzo, N. Di Marco, S. Furuya, V. Gentile, K. Hakamata, M.
Ishikawa, T. Katsuragawa, K. Kuwabara, S. Machii, T. Naka, F. Pupilli, C. Sirignano, Y. Tawara, V.
Tioukov, A. Umemoto and M. Yoshimoto, JINST, vol. 9, C12053 (2014)

Yasuyoshi
YONEZAWA
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

MAJOR WORKS“Persistent cortical plasticity by upregulation of chondroitin 6-sulfation”, Miyata, S., Komatsu, Y.,
Yoshimura, Y., Taya, C., Kitagawa, H., Nature Neuroscience, vol. 15, pp. 414-22 (2012)“C o - e x pre s s ion of t wo d i s t i nc t p ol y s i a l ic a c id s , α 2 , 8 - a nd α 2 , 9 -l i n ke d p ol y me r s of
N-acetylneuraminic acid, in distinct glycoproteins and glycolipids in sea urchin sperm”, Miyata, S.,
Yamakawa, N., Toriyama, M., Sato, C., Kitajima, K., Glycobiology, vol. 21, pp 1596-1605 (2011)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Law
Research Interests : Investment Arbitration, Tax Sovereignty, Competition Law and Policy, Energy
Law and Policy
MAJOR WORKS“Quantum (sl(n),ΛVn) link invariant and matrix factorizations”, Yasuyoshi Yonezawa, Nagoya Math.
J, vol. 204, pp. 69-123 (2011)“sl(n) web categories”, Marco Mackaay and Yasuyoshi Yonezawa,
arXiv:13066242, (2013)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Engineering
Research Interests : Micro/Nanomachines

Kousuke
NOGAWA
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

MAJOR WORKS“Development of Local Environmental Control System by Combination of Microfluidic Chip and
Pipette”, Kousuke Nogawa, and Fumihito Arai, Proceedings of 2014 IEEE International Conferenceon Robotics and Automation, pp. 5842-5847 (2014)“Miniaturized load sensor using quartz crystal
resonator constructed through microfabrication and bonding”, Yuichi Murozaki, Kousuke Nogawa,
Fumihito Arai, ROBOMECH Journal, vol. 1, pp. 7 (2014)

Alisher
UMIRDINOV
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Law
Research Interests : Investment Arbitration, Tax Sovereignty, Competition Law and Policy, Energy
Law and Policy
MAJOR WORKS“Competition Law of Uzbekistan in Transition-current situation and challenges”, with Shuya
Hayashi in International Enforcement of Antimonopoly Law, Nihonhyoronsha, pp. 259-302 (2012)“Investment Treaty Arbitration and Protection of Host State`s Discretion Power in Tax Disputes”,
Japanese Yearbook of International Economic Law, vol. 22, pp. 191-215 (2013)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Medicine
Research Interests : Neuroscience, Biochemistry

KazumaSAKAMOTO
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

MAJOR WORKS“Mechanisms of axon regeneration and its inhibition: roles of sulfated glycans”, Kadomatsu K,
Sakamoto K., Arch Biochem Biophys., vol. 15, pp. 36-41 (2014)

Yuko
URAKAWA
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

19 | IAR LETTER | March 2016

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Science
Research Interests : Early universe, Quantum field theory in curved spacetime, Gauge/gravity
correspondence
MAJOR WORKS“Loops in inflationary correlation functions,” Classical and Quantum Gravity, Vol. 30, art. 233001(2013)“Holographic inflation and the conservation of ζ,” Journal of High Energy Physics, vol. 1406,
art. 086 (2014)

March 2016 | IAR LETTER | 20

IAR PEOPLE | YLC Program Faculty

IAR PEOPLE | YLC Program Faculty

Tatsuhiro
NAKA

MAJOR WORKS“Risk factors for 30-day mortality in patients with pneumonia who receive appropriate initial
antibiotics: an observational cohort study”, Shindo Y, Ito R, Kobayashi D, et al., Lancet Infect Dis, vol.
15, pp. 1055-1065 (2015)“Risk Factors for Drug-Resistant Pathogens in Community-Acquired and Healthcare-AssociatedPneumonia”, Shindo Y, Ito R, Kobayashi D, et al., Am J Respir Crit Care Med, vol. 188, pp. 985-995 (2013)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Information Science
Research Interests : Databases

Chuan
XIAO
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty
(YLC)

Yin
WANG
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

MAJOR WORKS“Efficient Error-tolerant Query Autocompletion”, Chuan Xiao, Jianbin Qin, Wei Wang, Yoshiharu
Ishikawa, Koji Tsuda, and Kunihiko Sadakane. Proceedings of VLDB Endowment, vol. 6, pp. 373-384(2013).“Efficient Similarity Joins for Near Duplicate Detection”, Chuan Xiao, Wei Wang, Xuemin
Lin, Jeffrey Xu Yu, and Guoren Wang. ACM Transactions on Database Systems, vol. 36, pp.15:1-15:41(2011)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Institute of Transformative
Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM)
Research Interests : Plant physiology, Plant ecophysiology, Photosynthesis
MAJOR WORKS“Multiple roles of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase and its regulation”, Yin Wang, Ken-ichiro
Shimazaki, Toshinori Kinoshita, The Enzymes, vol. 35, pp. 191-211 (2014)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Mathematics
Research Interests : Mathematics, representation theory of algebras

Yuya
MIZUNO
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

Fusa
MIYAKE
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty
(YLC)

Itaru
KUSHIMA
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

Kunihiro
MORISHIMA
MAJOR WORKS“Analysis of the VAV3 as candidate gene for schizophrenia: evidences from voxel-based morphometry
and mutation screening”, Schizophr Bull., vol. 39, pp. 720-728 (2013)“Resequencing and association
analysis of the KALRN and EPHB1 genes and their contribution to schizophrenia susceptibility”,
Schizophr Bull., vol. 38 pp. 552-560 (2012)

Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Economics
Research Interests : Economics of the Household, Labor Economics, Public Economics

Mizuki
KOMURA
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

Daisuke
MARUYAMA
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

21 | IAR LETTER | March 2016

"A Gabriel-type theorem for cluster tilting", Y. Mizuno, Proc. London
Math. Soc. vol.108 (4): pp. 836-868 (2014).
"Classifying τ-tilting modules over preprojective algebras of Dynkin type", Y. Mizuno, Math. Z. vol.
277, 3, pp. 665-690 (2014).

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya I A R and Institute for Space-EarthEnvironmental Research
Research Interests : Cosmogenic nuclides, solar activity
MAJOR WORKS“A signature of cosmic-ray increase in AD 774–775 from tree rings in Japan”, Nature, vol. 486, pp.
240-242 (2012)“Cosmic ray event of A.D. 774–775 shown in quasi-annual 10Be data from the Antarctic Dome Fuji
ice core”, Geophys. Res. Lett., vol. 42, pp. 84-89 (2015).

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Institute of Material and Systems for
Sustainability
Research Interests : Fundamental particle physics. Astrophysics. Radiation detectors.
MAJOR WORKS“Development of a new automatic nuclear emulsion scanning system, S-UTS, with continuous 3D
tomographic image read-out”, Journal of Instrumentation, vol. 5, P04011 (2010)“First demonstrationof cosmic ray muon radiography of reactor cores with nuclear emulsions based on an automatedhigh-speed scanning technology”, RADIATION DETECTORS AND THEIR USES Proceedings ofthe 26th Workshop on Radiation Detectors and Their Uses in KEK, pp. 27-36 (2012)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Letters
Research Interests : Cultural Anthropology. Ethnology. African Studies

SayuriYOSHIDAMAJOR WORKS”Fertility and endogenous gender bargaining power”, Journal of Population Economics, vol. 26, pp.
943-961 (2013)“Tax reform and endogenous gender bargaining power”, Review of Economics of theHousehold, vol. 11, pp. 175-192 (2013)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor of Nagoya IAR and Institute for Transformative
Bio-molecules (ITbM)
Research Interests : Pollen tube guidance, Polytubey block, Double fertilization.
MAJOR WORKS“Rapid Elimination of the Persistent Synergid through a Cell Fusion Mechanism”, Cell, vol. 161, pp.
907-918 (2015)“Independent Control by Each Female Gamete Prevents the Attraction of Multiple
Pollen Tubes”, Developmental Cell, vol. 25, pp. 317-323 (2013)

Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty
(YLC)

Simon
DALGLEISH
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

MAJOR WORKS“The Reality of Discrimination: Ethnography of the Kafa and the Manjo in Ethiopia” (Shumpusha,
2014, in Japanese).
“Struggle against Social Discrimination: Petitions by the Manjo in the Kafa and Sheka zones,
Southwest Ethiopia” Nilo-Ethiopian Studies, No. 18, pp. 1-19 (2013)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Research Center for Materials Science
Research Interests : Organic electronics and optoelectronics, Near-infrared dyes, Low bandgap
semiconductors, Electrochemistry, Organic synthesis
MAJOR WORKS“Utilizing Photocurrent Transients for Dithiolene-Based Photodetection: Stepwise Improvements at
Communications Relevant Wavelengths”, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 134, pp.
12742-12750 (2012)“Electrodeposition as a Superior Route to a Thin Film Molecular Semiconductor”, Chemical Science,
pp. 316-320 (2011)

March 2016 | IAR LETTER | 22

IAR PEOPLE | YLC Program Faculty

IAR PEOPLE | YLC Program Faculty

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Medicine
Research Interests : Neuropsychiatry, Genetics

MAJOR WORKS

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Science
Research Interests : Radio Astronomy, High-Energy Astrophysics

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Mathematics
Research Interests : Nonlinear dispersive equations, Long-time dynamics

Hidetoshi
SANO

Cyrus Tristan
ROY
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

MAJOR WORKS“On control of Sobolev norms for some semilinear wave equations with localized data”, T. Roy, J.
Funct. Anal., vol. 265, pp.2724–2752 (2013)“Global existence of smooth solutions of a 3D log-log energy-supercritical wave equation”, T. Roy,
Anal. PDE, vol. 2, pp. 261–280 (2009)

Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Mathematics
Research Interests : Lie superalgebras, Quantum groups, AdS/CFT correspondence

TakuyaMATSUMOTO
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)Mana
KANO-NAKATA
MAJOR WORKS“Lunin–Maldacena backgrounds from the classical Yang–Baxter equation — Towards thegravity/CYBE correspondence”, T. Matsumoto and K. Yoshida, J. High Energy Phys., no. 6, 135(2014)“A quantum affine algebra for the deformed Hubbard chain” N. Beisert, W. Galleas and T.
Matsumoto, J. Phys. A, vol. 45, no. 36, 365206 (2012)

Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)“Nitrogen application enhanced the expression of developmental plasticity of root systems triggeredby mild drought stress in rice”, Plant Soil. vol. 378, pp. 139-152 (2014)“Effect of various intensities of drought stress on δ 13C variation among plant organs in rice”, Am. J.
Plant Sci. vol. 5, pp. 1686-1693 (2014)

MAJOR WORKS“Prehistoric Salt Production on the Pacific Coast of Southeastern Mesoamerica: Case Study of Nueva
Esperanza, El Salvador”, Journal of the Japanese Archaeological Association, vol. 40, pp. 1-18 (2015)“Estudio Arqueológico de Nueva Esperanza, Bajo Lempa, Usulután” Dirección de Publicaciones e
Impresos, Secretaría de Cultura de la Presidencia (2011)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of law
Research Interests : Political Science. Political Thought. History of Social Thought. Canadian
Politics.
MAJOR WORKS“Charles Taylor and Hungarian Incident, 1956-1957 (1)(2)” Yoshiko UMEKAWA, The Nagoya
journal of law and politics, vol. 257, pp. 109-136 (2014) and vol. 259, pp. 113-132, (2014)“Charles Taylor as a New Left, 1956-1960 (1)(2)”, Yoshiko UMEKAWA, The Nagoya journal of law
and politics, vol. 261, pp. 99-125, (2015), and vol. 262, pp. 177-210 (2015)

Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

MAJOR WORKS“Stable And Versatile Gold(III) Catalysts by Oxidative Addition of a Strained Carbon-Carbon
Bond”, Chung-Yeh Wu*, Takahiro Horibe* , Christian B. Jacobsen, F. Dean Toste, Nature, vol. 517,
pp. 449-454 (2015) (*These authors contributed equally)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Science
Research Interests : Molecular Genetics, Molecular Biology

Chun
LI
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

MAJOR WORKS“The growth factor SVH-1 regulates axon regeneration in C. elegans via the JNK MAPK cascade”,
Chun Li, Naoki Hisamoto, Paola Nix, Shuka Kanao, Tomoaki Mizuno, Michael Bastiani andKunihiro Matsumoto, Nature Neuroscience, vol. 15, pp. 551-557 (2012)“Axon regeneration is regulated by Ets–C/EBP transcription complexes generated by activation of
the cAMP/Ca 2+ signaling pathways”, Chun Li, Naoki Hisamoto and Kunihiro Matsumoto, PLOS
Genetics, vol. 11, art. e1005603 (2015)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Science
Research Interests : Cosmology and Gravitational Waves

SachikoKUROYANAGI
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

23 | IAR LETTER | March 2016

MAJOR WORKS“Implications of the B-mode polarization measurement for direct detection of inf lationary
gravitational waves”, Physical Review D, vol. 90, 063513 (2014)

March 2016 | IAR LETTER | 24

IAR PEOPLE | YLC Program Faculty

IAR PEOPLE | YLC Program Faculty

Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

MAJOR WORKS

Takahiro
HORIBEAkira
ICHIKAWA

Yoshiko
UMEKAWA

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Bioagricutural
Sciences
Research Interests : Crop science, Weed science

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Engineering
Research Interests : Organic Chemistry, Development of Catalyst

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Letters
Research Interests : Mesoamerican Archaeology, History of periphery zone, Archaeology of Disaster

Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

MAJOR WORKS“A detailed study of non-thermal X-ray properties and interstellar gas toward the γ-ray supernova
remnant RX J1713.7−3946”, The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 799, pp. 175-184 (2015)“Non-thermal X-rays and interstellar gas toward the γ-ray supernova remnant R X J1713.7-3946:
Evidence for X-ray enhancement around CO and HI clumps”, The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 778, pp.
59-77 (2013)

I.A.R. INFORMATIONI
INFORMATIONThe Nagoya University Lecture 2015
On September 6, 2015, the Nagoya University Lecture 2015 washeld at the Toyota Auditorium in Nagoya University, hosted by IAR
Nagoya and Chunichi Shimbun Co., Ltd. The Nagoya University Lecture
is positioned as the most important academic lecture at the University
to be hosted by the President. The lecturers, selected frominternational researchers of the highest caliber, are awarded Nagoya
University Lectureships. It is open to the general public.
This year, Dr. Hiroshi Amano, a professor of the Graduate Schoolof Engineering at Nagoya University, was awarded the Nagoya
University Lectureship. He had won the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) which
has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources" with Dr.
Isamu Akasaki and Dr. Shuji Nakamura. When he was a graduate
student at Nagoya University, he succeeded in the crystallization ofgallium nitride and developed a blue LED with his supervisor Prof.
Isamu Akasaki (Nagoya University/Meijo University). Their invention
enabled the development of very energy-efficient lighting and is
widely used in our lives. Moreover, due to their low energy
consumption, their invention has brought light to 1.5 billion people in
Africa and Central Asia. On that day, Dr. Akasaki gave a memorial
lecture titled “How the blue light emitting diode was created,”
following which Dr. Amano gave a lecture titled “LEDs that haveilluminated the world.” After the lecture, Dr. Amano invited highschool students onto the stage and answered questions from thestudents. He encouraged students with his words “Please findsomething that you can really get into and challenge yourself. One day,you will find something that only you can do.” About 1,000 people
including 172 junior high and high school students attended thelecture.

Activity & News
They discussed the theme of “TIME” from a multidisciplinary approachand made a plan for a joint project to create a Massive Open Online
Course (MOOC) on the knowledge of “TIME.” The second phase will beheld from March 7 to 18, 2016 at Nagoya University.

The 1st Intercontinental Academia under the theme of “TIME”
consists of a São Paulo workshop (first phase) and a Nagoya workshop(second phase). The first phase was held at the University of São Pauloin Brazil from April 17 to 29, 2015. Thirteen young researchers that
had been selected based on recommendations from their respective
Advanced Research Institutes all over the world and over 30 seniorresearchers from different fields attended the São Paulo workshop.

25 | IAR LETTER | March 2016

IAR Freshmen Lecture Series

The Foreign Principal Investigator (PI) Fellowship program is a
program inviting excellent researchers from foreign countries withoutstanding research achievements for three to four months’
fellowship, to promote the University’s academic research. In theacademic year 2015, Prof. Kirill Ole Thompson, professor and associatedean for Humanities at the Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities
and Social Sciences of National Taiwan University was selected for thisfellowship. While he was visiting Nagoya University, he undertook aresearch project called “Relational humanism in early Chinese thought,with implications for agrarian ethics” and gave a lecture titled “Lessons
from Early Chinese Humanist Impulses” on September 28, 2015 at
Nagoya University.

Targeting freshmen of the University, this lecture series includes
lectures delivered by members of the Academy, IAR Faculty members,
IAR Fellows, and researchers of Nagoya University. It is aimed atcommunicating the fun of academic research. In the academic year
2015, the following 14 lectures were given:2015 Young Leaders Cultivation ProgramGroup photo of the São Paulo workshop

Ryoji Noyori Academy Salon
Since January 2013, University Prof. Ryoji Noyori, a 2001 Nobel
Laureate in Chemistry, has contributed numerous articles to"Kamitsubute" in the Japanese daily newspaper Chunichi Shimbun.
Based on these articles, he holds regular academic discussions withstudents at Nagoya University. In 2015, six (the 13th to 18th) Ryoji
Noyori Academy salons were held. Prof. Noyori and students fromdifferent academic fields at Nagoya University discussed the topics. The
topics were “My Mentor and Me” (13th), “The Fascination of Chemistry”(14th), “For the Proper Evaluation of Research Performance” (15th),“Globalization and Internationalization” (16th), “English Ability for
Scientists” (17th) and “Science and Technology for Innovation” (18th).

Lectureship award ceremony

1st Intercontinental Academia

Foreign PI Fellowship Program

The 18th Roji Noyori Academy Salon

Symposium on frontier and next generation
researches at Nagoya University
The Annual Symposium of Nagoya IAR was held on November 5,
2015. Twenty-three researchers and six research groups presented theirresearch results, and about 150 people attended the symposium.

The Young Leaders Cultivation (YLC) Program, through which
Nagoya University regularly and systematically recruits and trains young
faculty members, is a strategic program based on the premise that it isimportant to secure an appropriate quantity and quality of young
faculty members, in order to sustain the development of outstanding
education and research in the future. In the academic year 2015, Akira
Ichikawa (Grad. Sch. of Letters), Yoshiko Umekawa (Grad. Sch. of Law),
Sachiko Kuroyanagi (Grad. Sch. of Science), Hidetoshi Sano (Grad. Sch.
of Science), Mana Nakata (Grad. Sch. of Bioagricultural), Takahiro
Horibe (Grad. Sch. of Engineering), and Chun Li (Grad. Sch. of Science)
were newly employed as a designated assistant professors of the YLC
program.

Joint Project between FRIAS andNagoya IAR 2015–17
The Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS) and theInstitute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University (Nagoya IAR) had
called for a joint project group between FRIAS and Nagoya IAR. The aimof this program was to strengthen the collaboration between
researchers of the two universities and to support highly original joint
research combining the strengths of the two universities. The support isworth 28,000 euros + 4,000,000 yen in total for 24 months. Through thepeer review procedure and the selection conference by the selection
committee, two project groups out of six were selected for funding. The
project titles and coordinator ’s names were “Multicomponent
Supramolecular Catalysis for Sustainable Chemical Synthesis” (Prof.
Bernhard Breit, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Freiburg University, andProf. Tahashi Ooi, Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya
University) and “Social Governance by Law—Substantive Standards andProcedural Enforcement” (Prof. Alexander Bruns, Institute for German
and Foreign Civil Procedural Law, Freiburg University and Prof.
Masabumi Suzuki, Graduate School of Law, Nagoya University).

1.“The laws of science and development,”
Prof. Toshihide Maskawa（Director of the Kobayashi Maskawa Institute, 2008 Nobel Laureate in Physics）
2.“The dark universe,”
Prof. Naoshi Sugiyama（Grad. Sch. of Science/Deputy Director in IAR Nagoya）
3.“Chemistry challenges for important issues in the 21st Century,”
Prof. Susumu Saito（Grad. Sch. of Science）
4.“The boundary of chemistry and biology,”
Prof. Yoshito Watanabe（Grad. S ch. of Science/Vice President）
5.“Interpretation—among living, knowing and bereaving—”
Prof. Kazuhiro Matsuzawa（Grad. Sch. of Literature）
6.“What is social justice?”
Prof. Hajime Wada
（Grad. Sch. of Law, Deputy Director of IAR Nagoya)
7.“What is the economy?”Prof. Tasturo Kuroda（Grad. Sch. of Environmental Study）
8.“Fascination with an introduction to the history of thought,”
Prof. Takaho Ando（Chuo University/Sixth Director of IAR Nagoya）
9.“Searching for the mystery of languages,”
Prof. Ken Machida（Grad. Sch. of Letters）
10.“Bench & bed,”
Prof. Takashi Takahashi（Grad. Sch. of Medicine）
11.“Genome breeding to solve the food crisis,”
Prof. Makoto Matsuoka（Grad. Sch. of Bioagricultural Sciences）
12.“Society that will be transformed by LEDs,”
Prof. Hiroshi Amano（Grad. Sch. of Engineering, 2014 Nobel Laureate in Physics）
13.“Proteins to measure time,”
Prof. Takao Kondo（Grad. Sch. of Science/Fifth Director of IAR Nagoya）
14.“Science starts from seeing,”
Prof. Sumio Iijima（Meijo University/Distinguished Invited Professor of Nagoya University）

AwardsDr. Sumio Iijima (University Professor at Meijo University /Distinguished Invited Professor of Nagoya University and IAR Academy)

won the European Inventor Award 2015 in the category of
Non-European Countries.
Dr. Tomoko Nishiyama (Designated Lecturer of the YLC-t Program)won the 2015 Young Scientists’ Prize of the Commendation for
Science and Technology from the Minister of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.

March 2016 | IAR LETTER | 26