低金属量の大質量星形成福島

肇 (京都大学)

共同研究者

細川隆史,
大向一行(東北大学),
Rolf Kuiper(University of Tubingen)
千秋元(ジョージア工科大)
仲谷崚平(東京大学)
吉田直紀(東京大学)

理論懇@京都, 2018/12/19 - 21

低金属量大質量星
大質量星: HII領域形成, 超新星爆発, 化学進化, BH連星形成…
星形成の変遷
銀河系内星

初代星

低金属量星?

(Hirano, Hosokawa et al. 2015)

最大質量> 1000 M

log10 (M/M )(Kroupa2002)~150M⊙ (Figer 2005)<latexit sha1_base64="TzT8dypu9qa4wMY67LrOiHUtmvw=">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</latexit>< ~300M⊙ LMC(0.4Z⊙)(Crowther et al. 2016)

大質量星形成シナリオ①高密度コア重力崩壊②質量降着③星質量決定Shu, Adams & Lizano(1987)•質量降着期
原始星質量の増加に伴い光度も増加

M⇤

輻射フィードバックが星質量決定に影響する

L⇤⚠アウトフローも質量降着に影響する(田中さんのトーク)(Tanaka et al. 2017, 2018)

大質量星形成における輻射フィードバック
Z = 0 (初代星) HII領域形成<latexit sha1_base64="V8fy8ijVn9b8OK37d/LZmbbZXjQ=">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</latexit>(UVフィードバック)

1Z

ダスト粒子への輻射圧<latexit sha1_base64="tCtygi+Cfdn+oim7zHUpQYUCCr0=">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</latexit>(+ HII領域形成)(Hosokawa et al. 16)(Hosokawa et al. 11, 16, McKee & Tan 2008)(Kuiper et al. 16)(Yorke & Bodenheimer 99; Krumholz et al. 09;
Kuiper et al. 10; Rosen et al. 16)

低金属量環境ではどちらが有効となるか？
最終星質量の金属量依存性は？

球対称降着における限界質量 (球対称定常降着を仮定)
✖
⌧ IR

1
>

輻射圧

sha1_base64="9hAJgFCCPbVzy8OIaX0+Oo8uIKk=">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</latexit><latexit

⌧ UV

1
>

✖

sha1_base64="aSpNHoJh4XMu/dLrgkuHzbFeMPM=">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</latexit><latexit

10<latexit sha1_base64="3OebHGQXUrjJRCCXGGr7yKvgt9E=">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</latexit>

102<latexit sha1_base64="tnYNUssrgDVCEGbE/cDN8ZRQ7yk=">AAACZnichVHLSsNAFD2Nr1ofrYoouCkWxVW5LYKPVdGNyz6sCloliaOGpklI0kIt/oALtxVcKYiIn+HGH3DRTyguFdy48CYNiBb1DjNz5sw9d87MKJauOS5RKyT19Pb1D4QHI0PDI6PR2Nj4lmNWbVUUVVM37R1FdoSuGaLoaq4udixbyBVFF9tKed3b364J29FMY9OtW6JUkY8N7UhTZdejUrSfPoglKEl+xLtBKgAJBJE1Y3fYwyFMqKiiAgEDLmMdMhxuu0iBYDFXQoM5m5Hm7wucIcLaKmcJzpCZLfN4zKvdgDV47dV0fLXKp+jcbVbGMUfPdE+v9EQP1KaPX2s1/BqelzrPSkcrrIPo+XTh/V9VhWcXJ1+qPz27OMKy71Vj75bPeLdQO/raafO1sJqfa8zTDb2w/2tq0SPfwKi9qbc5kb9ChD8g9fO5u0ExnVxJUm4xkVkLfiKMGcxigZ97CRlsIIsiH3uCCzRxGWpLUWlSmuqkSqFAM4FvIcU/AcjeimI=</latexit>

M [M ]

HII領域形成103(HF et. al 2018)<latexit sha1_base64="K2IsHeoNz81gK44dxwWAkYcqhcQ=">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</latexit>••限界質量も低金属量になるほど増加する<latexit sha1_base64="Aqqevl6QlCKGCzfYL+IgBH4Ixuo=">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</latexit>

10-2Z⊙で輻射圧からHII領域形成へ切り替わる

多次元的効果と輻射フィードバックの関係はどうなっているか？

Method (Modiﬁed version of Nakatani et al. 2017 + Sugimura et al. 2017)
２次元輻射流体シミュレーション (PLUTO4.1)(ii)太陽金属量星(i) 初代星形成(Hosokawa et al. 16)「HII領域形成」(Kuiper et al. 16)「ダストへの輻射圧」•先行研究で既に個々の輻射フィードバックは導入済み•両者を含みかつ、金属量による強度変化取り入れた計算を行う

初期条件 (Kuiper & Hosokawa, 2018)
計算領域: 外側領域 0.1pc, 10 auのsinkを設置

⇢/r

密度分布:

2

z

<latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit>

3

Cloud mass: 100, 250, 500, 10 M<latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit>

角運動量: ⌦ / R 1<latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit>

回転と重力のエネルギー比は2%

計算領域

金属量 : 1, 10 2 Z

R<latexit sha1_base64="8jByChCxSKrG2Ob3WmArbqhyQyc=">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</latexit>

10au

0.1pc

球対称降着(1D) , Cloud Mass: 250 M<latexit sha1_base64="3tNMSeubhTWvJCXHaC2f0IfyMPs=">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</latexit>

降着率の時間進化

1Z•30M⊙で降着抑制•1Z⊙では~30M⊙以上の星への降<latexit sha1_base64="HH9wWzt4bAyNi36o32UAY9K+DOA=">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</latexit>(輻射フィードバックあり)
1Z
10 2 ZṀ [ M yr 1 ]10 2

着は輻射圧により抑制される(Wolﬁre & Cassinelli 1987)

10 3

10

2

Z

<latexit sha1_base64="f1va/WQRsO0KhdPY7FAC1JOOq1c=">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</latexit>•HII領域は球対称降着では拡
10 4

50

100
150
M⇤ [ M ]

200

250

大しにくい
(Omukai & Inutsuka 2002)

多次元効果 1Z, Cloud Mass = 250 M<latexit sha1_base64="HH9wWzt4bAyNi36o32UAY9K+DOA=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="3tNMSeubhTWvJCXHaC2f0IfyMPs=">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</latexit>

時間発展: (1) 星質量 M⇤ = 30 M
<latexit sha1_base64="jomg3fpNMBAAW7qrnLYib7mphrQ=">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</latexit>

10 1.7e2 2.9e3 5.0e4

T [K]<latexit sha1_base64="tGTsP3BUGTHAQugcRmJSMwt30hU=">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</latexit>

10 4.6e4 2.2e8 1.0e12(2) M⇤ = 120 M<latexit sha1_base64="W0JvyfxzfLnv4Fs2P3cD3GgB0dE=">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</latexit>

10 1.7e2 2.9e3 5.0e4

10 4.6e42.2e8 1.0e12

T [K]nH [ cm 3 ]nH [ cm 3 ]<latexit sha1_base64="fjPTbb1Y6se76G3aWYTxXfEzdOI=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="fjPTbb1Y6se76G3aWYTxXfEzdOI=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="tGTsP3BUGTHAQugcRmJSMwt30hU=">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</latexit>•球対称降着の限界質量に達しても降着円盤により質量降着継続•降着円盤後方では輻射圧の強度が下がる

降着率の時間進化 1Z, Cloud Mass = 250 M<latexit sha1_base64="3tNMSeubhTWvJCXHaC2f0IfyMPs=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="HH9wWzt4bAyNi36o32UAY9K+DOA=">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</latexit>

10 2

圧

圧の

み

域

II領

+H

10 4

射

輻

10

3

輻射

限界質量(1D)Ṁ [ M yr 1 ]フィードバックなし

50

100M⇤ [ M ]150•輻射圧により150M⊙で質量降着が抑制される•多次元効果により、1Dの場合より星最終質量は大きく増加する(Yorke & Bodenheimer 99; Krumholz et al. 09; Kuiper et al. 10; Rosen et al. 16)

低金属量の場合 102Z, Cloud Mass = 250 M<latexit sha1_base64="3tNMSeubhTWvJCXHaC2f0IfyMPs=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="f1va/WQRsO0KhdPY7FAC1JOOq1c=">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</latexit>

10 2

輻射

圧+

域

み

の

限界質量(1D)

域

3

I領

10

HII
領

HI

Ṁ [ M yr 1 ]フィードバックなし

10 4

50

100
150
M⇤ [ M ]200

250•低金属量では、球対称降着と比べ星最終質量が下がる•HII領域形成が支配的な輻射フィードバックとなる (初代星と同じ)•ディスク極方向は密度が低いため、HII領域が拡大しやすい(McKee & Tan 2008)

Results: 10<latexit sha1_base64="f1va/WQRsO0KhdPY7FAC1JOOq1c=">AAACdXichVHLLgRBFD3TXmO8GhuJSMQgNrg9kRArYWNphkG8Jt2tho6e7k53zSR05gf8gAUbEkR8ho0fsPAJYkliY+FOTyeC4Faq6tSpe26dqjI82wok0WNCaWhsam5Jtqba2js6u9TuntXALfumyJuu7frrhh4I23JEXlrSFuueL/SSYYs142Chtr9WEX5guc6KPPTEdknfc6yiZeqSqYKqarQTjmeqG4Vwy911ZbWgpmmCohj8CbQYpBHHkqteYwu7cGGijBIEHEjGNnQE3DahgeAxt42QOZ+RFe0LVJFibZmzBGfozB7wuMerzZh1eF2rGURqk0+xufusHMQIPdANvdA93dITvf9aK4xq1Lwc8mzUtcIrdB33Lb/9qyrxLLH/qfrTs0QRM5FXi717EVO7hVnXV45OXpZncyPhKF3QM/s/p0e64xs4lVfzMityp0jxB2jfn/snWM1MaIyzU+m5+fgrkujHEMb4vacxh0UsIc/nVnCGS1wl3pQBZVgZracqiVjTiy+hTH4AmAyQIA==</latexit>

2

Z , Cloud Mass = 250 M<latexit sha1_base64="3tNMSeubhTWvJCXHaC2f0IfyMPs=">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</latexit>

降着率の時間変化

10 1.7e2

2.9e3 5.0e4

T [K]<latexit sha1_base64="tGTsP3BUGTHAQugcRmJSMwt30hU=">AAACenichVHLSsNAFD2Nr1pfVREEN8FSURSZiqC4KroR3LTV2kJbShJHDeZFkhZq6A/4Ay5cVRDRfoYbf8BFP0FcKrhx4U0aEC3qHWbmzJl77pyZkS1NdVzGOhGhr39gcCg6HBsZHRufiE9OHTpmzVZ4XjE10y7KksM11eB5V3U1XrRsLumyxgvy2Y6/X6hz21FN48BtWLyiSyeGeqwqkktUNT5zIJZXxJI/eGVbF/eaBCvVeIKtsiDEXpAKQQJhZMz4Lco4ggkFNejgMOAS1iDBoVZCCgwWcRV4xNmE1GCfo4kYaWuUxSlDIvaMxhNalULWoLVf0wnUCp2iUbdJKSLJntgde2WPrM2e2cevtbyghu+lQbPc1XKrOnExu//+r0qn2cXpl+pPzy6OsRl4Vcm7FTD+LZSuvn5++bq/lUt6C+yavZD/FuuwB7qBUX9TbrI8d4UYfUDq53P3gsO11RTh7HoivR1+RRRzmMcivfcG0thFBnk610ML92hHPoR5YUlY7qYKkVAzjW8hrH8CdyeQWw==</latexit>

10

4.6e4 2.2e8 1.0e12

nH [ cm

3]<latexit sha1_base64="fjPTbb1Y6se76G3aWYTxXfEzdOI=">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</latexit>

初代星と同様にHII領域が拡大し降着が抑制される

雲質量が大きい場合

Cloud Mass = 500 M<latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit>

星質量100M⊙における降着流の様子の違い

1Z , 100M

10<latexit sha1_base64="QBSnbpEb1xHhNqBiRuEDT56glHA=">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</latexit>

2

Z , 100M<latexit sha1_base64="Ud3l3sSfR2Qv9Q1XZuFlsdHJjHg=">AAACg3ichVHLSsNAFD3Gd31V3QiCFIsi+OCmCIogiG7cCL6q4qsk6ajBNAnJtKChO1f+gAtXCiLqUv/AjT/gwk8QlwpuXHibRkRFvSEz5565586ZGd21TF8SPVQolVXVNbV19bGGxqbmlnhr25Lv5D1DpA3HcrwVXfOFZdoiLU1piRXXE1pOt8SyvjtVWl8uCM83HXtR7rliI6dt2+aWaWiSqUy8S6XNYDBVXM0E607WkcWBhEo085Fl4kkaojASP4EagSSimHXi51hHFg4M5JGDgA3J2IIGn781qCC4zG0gYM5jZIbrAkXEWJvnKsEVGrO7PG5zthaxNuelnn6oNngXi3+PlQn00D1d0DPd0RU90tuvvYKwR8nLHs96WSvcTMthx8Lrv6oczxI7n6o/PUtsYTT0arJ3N2RKpzDK+sL+0fPC2HxP0Eun9MT+T+iBbvkEduHFOJsT88eI8QOo36/7J1hKDamM54aTE5PRU9ShE93o4/sewQSmMYs073uAS1zjRqlW+pWUMlwuVSoiTTu+hDL+DhBilEA=</latexit>

T [K]<latexit sha1_base64="tGTsP3BUGTHAQugcRmJSMwt30hU=">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</latexit>nH [ cm 3 ]T [K]<latexit sha1_base64="tGTsP3BUGTHAQugcRmJSMwt30hU=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="fjPTbb1Y6se76G3aWYTxXfEzdOI=">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</latexit>nH [ cm 3 ]<latexit sha1_base64="fjPTbb1Y6se76G3aWYTxXfEzdOI=">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</latexit>•金属量により輻射フィードバックの強度が異なる
1Z<latexit sha1_base64="HH9wWzt4bAyNi36o32UAY9K+DOA=">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</latexit>: 輻射圧により降着抑制が開始 10<latexit sha1_base64="f1va/WQRsO0KhdPY7FAC1JOOq1c=">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</latexit>

2

Z : HII領域形成は有効とならない

降着率による原始星進化の違い
定常降着における原始星進化
104
10 3 M yr 1

R
[R
]
星半径
⇤
R⇤ [R ]

6 ⇥ 10 3 M yr 1

Ṁ<latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit>103

6 ⇥ 10 2 M yr 1

<latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit>

102

101

Ṁ
<latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit>

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5
2.0
M⇤⇤ [M
loglogM
M ] [M ]星質量<latexit sha1_base64="h2+iQ8EhWYxGvj5QA6tx+NYFanE=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit>

10 10

2.5

3.0

⇤

(Omukai & Palla 2003; Hosokawa et al. 2012)

高降着率の場合、半径膨張により原始星の有効温度が下がる• 有効温度低下により電離光子数減、HII領域形成の抑制•

雲質量が大きい場合

Cloud Mass = 500 M<latexit sha1_base64="(null)">(null)</latexit>Ṁ [ M yr 1 ]

10 2

10 3

1Z
10 2 Z

10 4

1Z

100

200
M⇤ [ M ]300

400: 光度は非常に大きいため、輻射圧により質量降着抑制<latexit sha1_base64="HH9wWzt4bAyNi36o32UAY9K+DOA=">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</latexit>

102

Z : 輻射圧は効きづらく、300M⊙に達するまでHII領域形成もおきない<latexit sha1_base64="f1va/WQRsO0KhdPY7FAC1JOOq1c=">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</latexit>

低金属度星は1Z⊙と比べ、より星質量が大きくなる

星最終質量のCloud Massと金属量依存性
1.0

1D

③

①
M⇤/Mcloud

0.8

0.6

0.4

②
1Z

0.2

10 2Z

1D
200

400

600
Mcloud [ M ]

800

1000

低金属度星の方がより大質量星となりやすい①多次元効果によりHII領域が拡大しやすい②多次元効果により輻射圧の強度は小さくなる③ 低金属度の場合、雲質量が大きくなると星質量は相対的に増加する

Summary•低金属量大質量星形成について、初めて系統的な
２次元輻射流体計算を行った。

•高降着率の場合や球対称降着に近い場合は、低金属量の場合により大質量星が形成される。

•

輻射フィードバックの機構については~10-2Z⊙を境にダストへの輻射圧とHII領域形成が切り替わる

Future work

•現実的な初期条件(Cosmological simulationの結果等)を用いる