ENVIRONMENT ASPECTS ON
COAL MINING IN INDONESIA
Forest Reclamation In Post Mining Land Forum - Japan International Forestry Promotion

04 February 2016

By : Delma Azrin

CONTENTS• Introduction• Mining Location in Indonesia• Mining Characteristic• Legal Instruments• Environmental Programs in Coal Mining• Challenges and Opportunities• Clossing2

INTRODUCTION• Mining as one of Natural resources-based industry is
Indonesia’s absolute comparative advantage for the country
economic development.
• Based on the National Constitution - UUD 1945, the naturalresources are managed by Government for the welfare of thepeople of Indonesia.
• Many of coal & mineral resources are located in forest area.
• Government of Indonesia plan to increase the demand ofelectricity to support an economic growth by utilisation of coal indomestic through Domestic Market Obligation (DMO),
particularly when 35 GW power plant already in fully operation• Coal is not just a commodity, it’s an energy for national growth

FACTS & FIRGURES

4

Energy Mix of Power Generation
General Planning of National Electricity (Draft RUKN)
2015-2034

5

INDONESIA COAL PRODUCTION PLAN

Source : MEMR

6

INDONESIAN COAL EXPORT 2015

7

Existing Coal Mining Group Player(based on the license)

8nmnrkeb
unan

(HTI)

13,4

PeIn
dustri

Udan
g

0,135

Tamb
ak

20,5 33,5HtnTstrukt ur

2,0TambangPe
rt an ian

Infra

OITA
SIung

Al
am

Lind

EKSPL

Ta
mb
an
g&yahHut an

Cagar

HP
H

200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
200W
ila

atan

In
done
W
sia
ila
yahHu tanDar

LAND OCUPATIONS IN INDONESIA

19812066
4,54,73,80,06

Sources: 2002
DJGSM, Kemhut, Media

9

COAL MINING NOWMINING INDUSTRY LOCATIONS IN INDONESIA

11

COAL RESOURCES IN INDONESIA

Very High (> 7.100 kal/gr)
High(6.100 - 7.100 kal/gr)
Medium

(5.100 - 6.100 kal/gr)

Low(< 5.100 kal/gr)

Sorces : Badan Geologi, KESDM, 2013

RESOURCES : 120.5 Billion Ton
RESERVES : 31.4 Billion Ton
12CHARACTERISTIC OF MINING IN INDONESIA

13

MINE LIFE TIME
Speculative Capital
Investment

Mine Site Rehabilitation

DetailedMine
Production, Processing, Marketing,Sales
Exploration Feasibility+$Avg. TimeGuaranteed Closure
Fund

Mine Closure

Preliminary
Exploration

Operating Revenue / Profit
Guaranteed Reclamation Fund

8 yrs

4 yrs

2-5 yrs 5-10yrs

5 - 40 yrs

14

OPEN PIT COAL MINING

Reclaimed area
15

MINING RELATED REGULATIONS IN INDONESIA
PP 76/2008
Rehabilitasi dan
Reklamasi Hutan

PP 33/2014 : PNBP
Penggunaan K Hutan
PP 26/2008
RTRWN
PP PPR
Penyelenggaraan
Penataan Ruang
Permen PUN 11/2006
Kriteria dan Penetapan
Wil Sungai

Permenhut No. P.87/2014
Pedoman Rehabilitasi DAS

Forestry Law
41/1999
Spatial Law
No 26/2006

PP 22/2010
Wilayah Pertambangan

Permenhut No. P.16/2014
Pedoman IPPKH

MiningIndustry

Mineral &Coal Mining
Law no4/2009

WaterResources
Lawno 7/2004

PP 27/2012
Izin Lingkungan

Environment
Liaw no 32/2009

PermenLH no 05/2012
PP 101 / 2014
Usaha yang Wajib Amdal
Pengelolaan Limbah B3
PermenLH no 13 / 1995

Permen 28/2009:
Usaha Jasa
Pertambangan

PP 78/2010 Reklamasi
dan Pascatambang

Permen 1211k/1995
Pencegahan Pencemaran
Lingkungan Tambang

Baku mutu emisi sumber
Tidak bergerak

PP 23/2010
Pengusahaan Tambang
Permen 07/2014
Reklamasi danPascatambang

Reclamation &PostMining Docs

PP 42/2008
Pengelolaan SDA
PP 43/2008
Air Tanah

Permenhut No. P.60/2009
Pedoman Keberhasilan
Reklamasi

PermenLH 113/2003
Baku mutu Air Limbah
Tambang Batubara
Permen LH no 03 /2014
Pprogram Proper

PP 55/2010 Pembinaan
danPengawasan

LEGAL INSTRUMENTS• National Law No. 41
year 1999 For Forestry

NationalConstitution
Year1945• National Law No 4
Year 2009 For Mineraland Coal Mining• National Law No. 32
year 2009 For
Environment

Government Regulation• Number 76 year 2008 on Forest
Rehabilitation and Reclamation• Number 78 Year 2010 on Mining
Closure and Reclamation• Number 26 year 1999 on Analysis
Environmental Effect• Number 24 year 2010 on Utilization ofForest Areas• Number 27 year 2012 on Environment
Permit and EIA

For implementation in the Field from start to mine closure; Each
Main Stakeholder(Energy and Mineral Resource (ESDM)
Department, Forestry Department and Environmental Department)
Made the guidance forplanning, action, evaluation andmonitoring activities)

REGULATION UPDATE• Law No. 23 of 2014 : Local Authority
 Mining activities can only be administered and governed by Central
Government and Provincial Government
 Central Government:


CCoW (PKP2B)
Mining Authorization (IUP) owned by foreign shareholders

 Provincial Government: Mining Authorization (IUP) previously administered by Regency (Kabupaten)

18

TECHNICAL DOCUMENTSFeasib)ility
Study

5 YearReclamation
Plan

Mining
Activity

Mine Closur
Plan

EIA(Environment
ImpactAnalysis)

Need approval from Government• Annual Work Program & Budget• Annual Technical andEnvironment Plan (RKTTL)

19

MINING FEASIBILITY STUDYMinePlanGeologycal
Conditions

Man
power

Mining
Methods

Processing
Technology

FinancialMining
Equipments

Safety &Environment

Mineral/CoalCan Be
Economically
MinedMarketing

20ENVIRONMENT STUDY & PERMIT21

REHABILITATION PLAN
INTEGRATED TO MINE LIFE PLAN
Exploration
Mining Permit

General Survey

Exploration

Submit Mine Closure Plan
Document
Production / Operation
Mining Permit

Feasibility
Study

Submit Reclamation Plan
Document On Exploration

Based on EIA (Env Documnent) that has been approved

Operation

Submit Reclamation Plan
Document On ProductionMINED LAND MANAGEMENTLand reconstruction

Planting(Revegetation)
Planting cover crops
Construct Erosion
Devices
Site Preparation
Land Stabilization:•Sloping,•leveling, and•back filling•Top soiling,•Compaction

POST MINED REHABILITATION24

MINE WATER MANAGEMENTErosion Control : riprap

Vegetative treatment

Sediment Pond MaintenanceWetland25

HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENTSTORAGEREUSE

TRANSPORTA
TION

RECYCLEDISPOSAL

Used Oil For
ANFO - Blasting

Used Oil For
Energy Recovery

26

BIODIVERSITY• Revegetation Program : local and native species• Contribution to carbon capture• Establish micro climate : support flora and fauna
restoration back to origin habitats

27

ENVIRONMENT MONITORING••

Based on AMDAL (EIA) : All of environmental aspects management, effortand monitoring result are required to be reported regularly to authority(Quarterly)
Regular inspection from authority (Mine Inspector, Env. Control Agency, andForestry Officer)

Water Quality Tets

Air Quality : Emision Test

Laboratory Tets
28

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Community Health

Agriculture

Education

Fisheries

SANCTION
1

2

Written
Warning

Termination ofpartial orwhole mining
activities

3

MiningPermit
Revocation

Administrative penalty is in form of mining permit revocation applied for mining company
which does not carried out their responsibility to conduct environment program
implementation until the end of temporary penalty termination of partial or whole mining
activities.
30

CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES• Mining operation should create
benefits to thestakeholders such as: local community, local and central
government, employees, share holders and others.
• Mining to protect Forest that has unique ecosystem andimportant function to support local, national, globalenvironment.
• Mining in forest land should not be seen as threat orsource of deforestation and degradation, but throughimplementation of Good Mining Practices, may improveforest condition.

GOOD MINING PRACTICES vs CLIMATE CHANGE

 Stabilizing Land AndSlope Improve Soil Condition

 Fast Growing
Forest Plantation

 Better Planting
Material/Good Quality
Seedling

 Bio-diversity
Recovery High Quality Species(Timber And NonTimber) Oxygen Production

 Avoiding HazardousRisk
 Erosion And SedimentControl

 Carbon Sink

 Restore Forest
Ecosystem

CONCLUSION
Energy,Mineral,
Text in
Text in Coal
hereand here
Forestry,a Symbiosis for Sustainable
National Development ”

Text in
hereConclusion

CLOSING
•

•

•

•

Indonesia has various natural resources can play an important role inproviding mineral, coal, as well as forest products and services, which aredesignated for the welfare of its people and the global community.
Characteristic of coal mining in Indonesia: shallow of coal reserves, so it
has the potential to interact directly with other natural resources utilizationon the land surface (Forestry and the Community land)
Mining requires huge capital, long-term return on investment, high risk,
affect local social and economic growth, so that the implementation ofmining activities must have concern on environmental especially to avoid
deterioration of forest and other natural resources, through implementationof Good Mining Practices (GMP)
Mining tends to alter the original landscape, reclamation must be done
immediately to restore the ecosystems and can improve the quality of theenvironment to other re-designation function in accordance with economic,
ecological and social development.

TERIMA KASIH
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