fJ -lt"' -1;- i. ~ ~ ~~~·ic.f
Transactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New SeriesNo. 28Palaeontological Society of Japan
December 15, 1957

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
Page

324.· An llturia from(?) Kusu County, Oita Prefecture, Kyushu ............... .
... ............... ...... ...... ... ...................... ...................... Teiichi KonAVASHI
325.

"Onimaru type" Corals newly found in the Northern Kitakami Mountain Region, japan ...................... Takashi YosHIDA and Makotu KATo

326.

111

115

Liassic Chlamys, •· Camptonectes" and other Pectin ids from the Kuruma(;roup in Central japan. (Studies on the Liassic Pelecypods in japan,!i).................................................................................. Itaru HAvAMI

327.

On some jurassic Rhynchonellids from Shikoku, japan.

.. .................. .

... ... ... ... .. . ... ... ... . . . .. . ... . .. ... .. ..... .. ... . . . ...... ... . .. ...... ... .... .. Akira TmwvAMA
328.

128

Two Carboniferous Corals from the Kitakami Mountains, Northeast
Honshu, japan.

329.

119

. ............................. l\1asao MINATo and Makoto KATo 137

Bryozoa from the Daishaka Formation (Pliocene), 1\•Iinami-Tsugaru-gun,J\omori Prefecture.

. ..................................................... jun KATAoKA 143

PUBLICATIONS lmCEIVED (19) . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . ... . . . 118
PROCEEDINGS................................................................................................

154

President:

llisakatsu Y ABECouncillors:

Kiyoshi ASANo, Riuji ENDO (Business and Accountant), Seido ENno,

Haruyoshi FuJIMoTo (Publication), Shoshiro HANzAwA, Kotara HATAI, Ichiro
IIAvAsAKA (General Affairs), Kazuo HuzJoKA, Teiichi KosAvAsm (Editor),]ira MAKIYAMA, Tatsuro 1\-IATSUMDTo, Masao MINATo, Tokio SuiKAMA, Fuyuji
TAKA! (General Affairs), Ryuzo ToRIYAMA.

All Communications relating to this journal should be addressed to the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan

Trans. Proc. l'alaeonl. Soc. Japan. N. S .. No. 28. pp. 1ll-1H. pl. 19, Dec. 15. 1957

324.

AN ATVRIA FROM (?) KUSU COUNTY, OITAPREFECTURE, KYUSHU*TEIICH I KOBAY AS III
Geological Institute. lniversity of Tokyo.

::K'l}!f~l~(f:UY. (?) ~0) .'!Iuria:.:.:hlJ.'~·::>L'W~~!ItfiiH;:f*tf.i:'t"LL'i;·fd;;i.f;:·c . ..:CcD~J.lliH::
AI uria minoensis var. C. fOJ:·,t"UJ ~ t cr.>"(' ;t ~o .:C VC .:.~"LI;: l·tf~I,J-'?if..tcDif.<illi())W
f-t.: ~XI:~~-::> "LV· :Q. t!f:::.:tcr.>'11 *~Wi'Witl·l? J*Jtlllfl\'lii!i-'?ft.:P ft.~f.V.J: c'::: "':)\.' L' J!'*;b :Q !iii tH: lli
tt~I:IW<b ~ il~.

-~0~

The specimen described here is kept
in the Tokyo Science l\luscum. I examined it in making a median longitudinal section. For the courtesy of
having this opportunity I am grateful
to :Mr. Iliroshi OZAKI of the museum.
The label att:tched to the specimen
is read .. Kusu-gun, Oita prefecture."
Therefore this must be the specimenof which YAnE (190:!. p. 108) stated that
"There is an ~lturia specimen from Prov.
Bungo (i.e. Oita !'ref.) in the Imperial
Museum (the progenitor of the Sciencel\luseum)." It is. however. a question\vhether it was actually unearthed•A -from Kusu-gun. because no marine
Miocene or older Tertiary sedimentis known in this area (SnuTo, 1953).
Nevertheless it is a well preserved
specimen worthwhile to described.
In japan there are four species ofAt uria beside two unnamed ones bothof which having unusually broad subtriangular whorls (KoBAYASHI. 1951i. 57).
Therefore there is no risk of confusion
for the present specimen with thesetwo. The distinction is figured out
here for the other four with reference
to the septal aspects.
The present specimen agrees best

Key to the Japanese Species of Aturia
A ~~entro-lateral lobe inva,ginatt;d into .the preceding·: ................ Aluria naguoi (Eocene)\ientro·lateral lobe not mvagmated tnlo the precedmg .......................................... B
nj~eptal interval wide ................................................... 1\luria yoknyamai (Oligocene)
Septal mterval narrow ....................................................................................... CC

Ventral saddle narrow; ventro-laterallobe pointed at the end............... /tluria minoensis (Miocene)
Ventral saddle broad; ventro-laterallobe rounded at the end ............ illuria toluma~ai (Miocene)!

with !l. minoensis not only in the septal
features hut also in the whorl section
and growth of the spire. There arc.
however. some differences. In the speci-

men the antero-lateral projection of theventral saddle is less significant thanin A minoensis s. str.. while the ventrolateral lobe forms a more distinct :;igmoid with the lateral saddle. With regard to this difference it may be said
that this is .-lturia stanslmriensis Gr. As-* Received Sept. 13. 1956; read at the64th Meeting of the Palaeontological Societyof Japan. Oct. 6. 1956. at Kyoto.

111

112

Teiichi KoBAYASHIsNER (1955). if A. minoensis were A australis l'vl'Coy (TEICHERT, El44). For thetime being. however, it is called Aluria
mi11oensis var. and no variety namegiven because of the uncertainty of
its locality.
It is then. interesting to see in thisspecimen some of the features \vhich
were unknown of the species. The
shell is about 115 mm. in di:1.meter andabout 50 mm. in thickness. The bodywhorl extends more than a quarter ofa volution from the last septum. The
shell is rather strongly distorted inthis part. but insofar as I can judge.
its original whorl section is not muchdifferent from that of the holotype of:1. minoensis. Growth striae are fairly
well impressed on the specimen. They
are strongly convex forward, almost
semicircular. somewhat more broadly
rounded on the umbilical side than theother and sinuated on the ventral
periphery.
Sail\IIZU (1926) said of Aturia lokmwgai "body chamber occupying 2/3 ofthe last volution.'' It is also stated by
M n.LER (1947, p. 77) for Aluria as agenus that "the living chamber isknown to extend the shell at least halfa volution." In the holotype of Aturia
grangei FLEMING (1945) which is a complete shell, however, the chamber appears shorter than ha If a vo Iu t ion.
just how long the chamber of il.
minoensis var. is. is unfortunately unknown. because the aperture is unpreserved.
There are various kinds in thepreservation of internal structure. In
A yokoyamai from the Poronai shale(KoBAYASHI.
1957), for example. theoriginal structure is well preserved in
the last volution which is filled up
with dirt. \vhile it is partly destroyedin the inner volutions by crystalliza-

tion. In A. tolwnagai from Hidachi(SHIMIZU. 1926) as \veil as A. panamensis
from Los Santos, Panama (.!\fiLLER, 19,17.
pl. 79. fig. 3) the whole space of thespires appears to be occupied by crystalline calcite, but the septa escapedfrom crystal! ization.

Text-Jigure
Aluria grangei FLEMING.

X l/2

Because the mode of preservation isan interesting subject, the medianlongitudinal section is made and polishecl. In the specimen of A. minoensis
var. the body whorl and siphuncle arefilled with very fine sanely matrix, but
the camerae with calcite. The sharp
difference of the filling bet\\'een thesiphuncle and camerae must depend
upon the imperforate wall between thetwo parts of the phragmacone which
is made of invaginated septal funnels
and endosipholinings. Closed by sucha wall perfectly, calcareous material
in the chambers has crystallized independently from the empty siphuncle.
Later on. sandy matrix was injected
into the siphuncle through the bodychamber. In the course of injection
the siphuncular wall happened to be
destroyed. Such a damage is seen at
the fourth camera counted from theadoral side.
The siphuncle is dorsal. marginaland nearly as large as one-fifth thewhorl height. Incidentally. a reexami-

113

An /lluri'J from (') Kusu County, Oita Prefecture, Kyushu

nation on the holotype and other specimens of .l. minoe~lsis has shown thatits siphuncle is also marginal andabout the same in size.

Volution
Last
Last but one
Last but two

Because little is known of the inner
volut ions of Aturia-shells, measurements are made on the pol ishcd section
and the results tabulated below:
NumberIlia meterin mm.

Major radiusin mm.

Whorl heighton the radius

Camerae

Septa

102
34
14

65
44

21
12

14
1''__ ;,~

15
13

6

10.5

11

12

I
I

~~--

In the growth stage of 26 mm. indiameter 11 camerae and 12 septa or
12 1/3 camerae and 13 septa are countable on the last volution respectivelyof A tokunagai or A. minoensis var. In
other words, the septa are more crowded in the latter than in the former.
Likewise. the septa arc denser in A.
minoensis var. than in .-1. panamensis inwhich the latter 12 septa and 11.5
camerae or 10 septa and 10 cameraearc countable on the volution where
the diameter of the shell measures 36
mm. or J:l mm. respectively.
Finally the comparison is made between 11. yokoyamai and A minoensis
var. in the growth stage of 70 mm. andfound that the septal interval is muchbroader in A. yolwyamai because in A.
yokoyamai 6.5 camerae and 7 septa arefound in a half of the last volution
whereas 5.5 camerae and 6 septa exist
in the same portion of A. minoensis var.
Unfortunately details of the internal
structure are unpreserved in this sepcimen. but it is interesting to see thatsome septa-like fragments are containedin certain camerae. Judging from the
duplication of a septa by a septa-likehyposeptal deposit in .1. yo/wyamai of
which observation is described in myrecent paper (1951). it is quite probablethat they are detached pieces of such
septa-like deposits.

Hcferencei-1
C. A. (1945), Some New Zealand
Tertiary Cephalopods. Trmzs. Roy. Soc.
N. Z .. Vol. 74. Pt. 4.
GLASSNER, M. F.
(1955). Pelagic Fo~sils(illuria, Penguins, Whales) from the
Tertiary of South Australia. Rec. S.
Australian A/us., Vol. 11. No. 4.
KoBAYASHI, T. (Hl54), A Contribution toward
the Palaeoflumentology, Science of the
Oceanic Current in the Past. with a
Description of a !\ew Miocene llturia
from Central japan. japan. ]our. Geo!.
Gcogr., Vol. 25.
(1956), An Interesting Form ofAturia from the Palaeogene of !\orthern
Kyushu.
Trans. Proc. Palaeonl. Soc.
japan. N. S .. No. 23.
(1957), An Oligocene Aturia fromthe Poronai Shale in 1-lokkaido. Trans.
Proc. Palaemtf. Soc. japan, .V. S ..•Vo. 27.
-and MASATANI. K. (1955), On the
Occurrence of Aturia in Provinces ofEtchu and lwami and tlwir Bearing on
the Palaeo!lumentology in the Mioceneof Japan.
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Sor.
japan. N. S .. No. 17.
Mn.uw. A. K. (19-17). Tertiary Nautiloids of
the Americas. Ceo/. Soc. Am .. 1lfem. 23.
1\AGAO, T. (1926). Aluria yokoyamai. nov.
nom. from the Palaeogene of Kyushu.
Sd. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Unit•., 2d Ser., Vol.
9. No.2.
SHIMIZU. S. (1926), On two Species of Nauti·
loidca from the Tertiar>' of Japan.
FLEMING.

114

Teikhi KonAYASIII

Ibid .. Vol. 9 ..No. 2.
SuuTo. T. (1953), Younger Cenozoic History

or Oita District, Kyul;hu. ]our. Ceo/.
Soc. japan, Vol. 59.
TEICHERT, C. (1944). The Genus Aturia in

the Tcrt i;try or Australia. Jour. Palaeont ..
Fol. 18.
YAnE, I!. (I H04), Tertiary .4turia from Prov.
Hidachi. four. Geol. Soc. Tokyo, Vol. 11.

Explanation of Plate 19
Aturia mi11oensis KoBAYASlll. var.

Figure 1. Median longitudinal polished section.
Figure 2. Lateral Yiew.
Figure 3. Ventral view.
All natural size.

KoBAYASHI :AturiaPlate 19

Trans. Proc. Palacont. Soc. Japan, l\. S .. No. 28. pp. 115-117. Dec. 15, 1957

325.

"0.1\'IMARU TYPE" CORALS NEWLY FOUND IN THE NORTHERNKITAKAMI MOUNTAIN REG[ON, JAPAN*
TAKASIII YOSHIDA
Geological Survey of Japan

and\JAI\OTO KATO
Department of Geology and JVIincralogy, liokkaido University.

:ftllll~tJ:Illl1kl::l>''.-'"'Cfn~!!<1.> ;i!.1Llf!lOOfNl:~tm>~t.I.:Illlt\!.'..:..t->lt ~ E~jH'\<7.>1HEi::-::> ~it·<.

~:rirlH1-JIElf.Pl(±li'}ft~f-lll&18lfi'J·tf J:'Nlli!€<1.>!:1. F<l.>JilllmJ 2 flli:a:al!~ i.. tc., Sipltonodeudrrm pscudomar-

tli Illtini (YABE ct IIAYASAKA). lfe:rap/tyf!ia sp.

In 1950 ~I. WAT ... NABE and M. MINATO
pointed out that there are two types of
Palaeozoic formation in the Kitakami
mountain region, N. E. Honshu. Japan.
Of them. one type is represented by
the relatively shallow sea facies, ranging from the Gotlandian to the uppermost Permian in age.
This type of Palaeozoic formation isvery fossiliferous in every horizon.
although the successions of the fossiliferous layers arc occasionally interrupted by unconformities.
This type of
Palaeozoic formations is typically developed in the southern part of theKitakami mountain region.
On the contrary, in the northernpart of the Kitakami mountain region.
there are Palaeozic formations. consisting of heavy bedded sandstone. shale,chert. limestone and schalstein, which
are observed to be apparently conformable with each other without any*f.;)· ;/JI!

W~

iiJR

sort of stratigraphical breaks.
In the second type, the Palaeozoic
formation is almost barren of fossils,
except that some Permian foraminiferal
remains have been found in a few
localities. Accordingly Y. 0:-mKI andothers held the bel icf that these older
formations in the northern Kitakami
mountain region may be exclusively
Permian in formations.
Meanwhile. Dr. M·. iviiNATo once sug·gested from his tectonic point of view.
that the most parts of these complexes
should be not only Permian but also
Carboniferous in age, if still older
deposits are not contained in them.
The present senior author unexpectedly found some coral remains from thelimestone belonging to such older
complex of the second type. developingin the city of Kamaishi, 1\vate Prefecture.
According to l\liNATo. the corals
now in problem are definitely of theLower Carboniferous type, which are

Read June 20. 1956; received Jan. 10.

1!!57.
115

'l'akashi YosuinA and Makoto KATO

116

Siphonodendron and Hexaphyllia.
This is the first discovery of Lower
Carboniferous fossils from the northern
Kitakami mountain region. This may
be by no means an unimportant factfrom the stratigraphical point of view.
In offering this suggestion, 1\li·
NATo requested the writers to inves·tigate these fossils more in detail.
This short note deals with the resultof this study.
The determined species arc:
Siphonodendron pseudomartini (YABEet HAY ASAI<A)
Hexaphy!lia sp.
Loc.: 2 km west of Sodeyama. Kamaishi City. Iwate Prefecture.
Sip/wnodendron pseudomarlini (YABEet HAYASAKA)
Loc.: 1.4 km north of Kamiogawa.
Kamaishi City, lwate Prefecture.
e MocioKa.

x • h,,[[oc.

Sip/wnodendrou pseudomartini (YAsE

et 1-L\Y.'\SAKA)
Text-fig. 2.
Lit host rot ion pseudomartini. YABE et
l-IAYASAKA. pp. 128-130.
19-13. Siplwnodendron pseudomarlini.J'vhNATO,
p. 235. pl. 22. fig. 5.
1955. Siplwnodendron pseudomarlini. MINATO,
pp. 71. 72, pl. 3, fig. 1; pl. 'l. fig. 9; pl.
31. fig. 7; text-Jig. (6). figs. A. 13, C. D.
1915.

Corallum compound. fasciculate, andcomposed of irregularly aggregatedcorallites. which are laterally compressed. 3 to 5 mm. in diameter.
Epitheca thin. lVlajor septa numbering as many as 18 in mature stage.
straight and thin; they do not reachthe columella; their distal ends
occasionally form a pseudo-innerwall
together with the arching tabulae.
Columella is thin, sometimes disappearing in cross section, but it unites

Text-fig. 2. Sipllonodendron pseudomartini(YABE et l-IAYASAKA). a cross sectionof younger cora IIi tc.

Text-fig. 1. Map showing the localities.

Here the writers wish to describe
these corals at the request of Prof.
l\IJNATo, to whom they express theirhearty thanks for his guidance through·out the course of this study.
Description of Species

Family Lithostrotiontidae GRABAu, 1927
Genus Siplwnodendron l\l'Cov, 1894

llrmly with counter and cardinal
septa, when it is developed.
Minor septa very short. Dissepimentarium also very narrow. Dissepiments usually one, rarely two in rows,
and are very small but regular insize. Clearly observable longitudinal
sections not obtained, but judging
from the tangential section, the archingof the tabulae may not be very strong.
Remarks :-It is far from doubtfulthat the present form is wholly conspecific with Litlwstrotion pseudomartiui

.. Onimaru type" Corab newly found in the Northern Kitakami Mountainet HAYASAK''·This species is easily separable fromits allied forms such as Lithostrotion
irregu!arc var. asiatica \'AnE cl I-lAYASAI<A
and Siplwnodendron pauciradiale l'vl'Cov
by the size of coral lites, mode of aggregation, and by septal as well as dissepimental numbers.
U. H. Reg. nos.: El47. J:ntil, 1~41!l.
12450.

YABF.

Family Heterophyllidae YABE et
1940

SuGIYAMA,

Genus lfexapl!yllia STuCKENBE~<G, 1904
Hexaphyllia sp. indet.
Tex t-lig. 3.

Only single cross section at hand.
As is shown in text-fig. 3, the present
form belongs to a species of the genus
Hexap/iyl!ia. It may with high probability represent a corallite of Hexap!tyl!ia japonica, described by YABE and___.

......_

0

Text-fig. 3.

I mn1.

HexaphyllicJ sp.

from the southern Kitakami
mountain region, although the crosssection of the present specimen shows

SuGIYAMA

117

a very early stage of ontogeny, and isobliquely cut.
U.IL Reg. no.: 1~418.
]{cfcrence~(19-13). On some Upper Viseancoral fauna from the coral limestoneof the Kitakami mountainland. nothcast·ern Honsyu, Japan. four. Sigenkagaku
Kenkyusyo, 110/. I. no. 2. pp. 221-2-10.
- - ( 1950). Geology of the Kitakami mount·ainland (in japanese).
Monogr. Assoc.
Geol. Cot/abo. Japan. IW. 5.
(19:J'5), Japanese
Carboniferous andPermian corals. ]our. l-ite. Sci. Hokkaido
Unit• .. ser ..J. MI. 9. no. 2.
ONUI<I. Y .. HAs". K., KuDO, H. and MITOME,
T. (1!:155). Present knowledge about theolder rocks in the Northern Kitakami
mountain land (in Japanesc).]our. Geol.
Soc. Japan, rot. 61, 1w. 718, p. 317.
WATANABE, M. (1!:150), Igneous activitis in
the Kitakami mountainland (in Japanese). 1\Jrmogr. Assoc. Ceo/. Cot/abo. japan,
MINATO. 1\1.

1/fl.

·1.

H. and IIA YASAKA, I. (1915). Palaeo·
wic corals from Japan, Korea andChina, Ill. jour. Ceo/. Soc. Tokyo, tJo/.
22, pp. 127-1-12.
and SuGIYAMA. T. (193!:1). Discovery ofllexaphyllia in the Lower Carboniferousof japan. four. Ceo/. Soc. japan, vol. 46.
pp. -!49-502.
- - and - - (l!HO), Notes on Helerof>hyl/ia
and Hexapltyllia. ]our. Geol. Soc. japan,
val. 47, pp. 81-86.

YABE.

118
PUBLICATIO~S

1343. Jaarvcrlag van die Nasionalc 1\luseum.
Bloemfontein. 1956.
134~.

Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, vul.
112. pt. 3. 1956.
13,15. TEIWY. R. T.: A Geological Rccon.
naissance of Panama. Occ. Pap. Cal if.
Acad. Sci., no. 23, 1956.
1346. Hooi'Eil, S. L.: The Discovery of Wran.
gel Island, Ibid., nu. 21, 1956.
1347. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci .. Fourth Ser..
vol. 28. no. 6. 1954.
1348. Ibid., no. 7, 1955.
1349. Ibid . no. 8. 1955.
1350. Ibid .. nos. 9. 10. 11. 1:!. 1956.
1351. Ibid .. no. 13, 195G.
1352. A Century of Progress in the Natural
Sciences, 1853-1953, Calif. Acad. Sci ..
1955.

1353. GREr.onY . .f.T.: Vt:rtebrates in the
Geologic Time Scale. Geol. Soc. Amer ..
Sp. Pap. 62. 1955.
1354. EARGI.E. D. H.: Some Uranium Occur·
renccs in iVest Texas, Bureau of Ec.
Geol., l!niv. Texas. Heport of Invest.,
no. 27. 1956.
1355. GAZIN, C. L.: The Mammalian Faunaof the Badwater Area. Smith. !\lise.
Coli., vol. 131. no. 8. 1956.
1356. GnEGORY. J. T., F. E. PEAilODY, L.l.
PRICI': Revision of tlw Gymqarthridae.
American Permian Microsaurs. Peabody Museum ~at. Ilist .. Bull. 10. 1956.
Path in the Wind
1357. EPIIEMOV. I. A.·(Research in the Gobi). Moskwa. 1956.
(in l~ussian)
1358. Rep. Lib. Arts Fac .. Shizuoka L'nh·.
no. 9 (Nat. Sci.). 1956.
1359. !J!Jj(~j;;: -m!~.!f~m. vol. 3, no. I, Xo\·.
1\156.
1360. :IL:k.f,ci'f.ffill!l!:~1ilfrf.:~ll~i. tf; ·I .fy. llH 3~.
1361. f'J:xi'I?.~H~-1Wf'1.fil'lf~f1JtJl1;';. m 7 :-.f.
19!'i'i.
1362. Bull. Geol. Sruv. Gr. Britain, no. 12.
1957.

RECEl VED (l!J)

1363. Academy Nauk, SSSR:

Transactionsof the Palaeontological Institute. Tom.
11, Livr. 1, 1940. (in Russian)
1:J(i·l. Ibid., Torn. l!'i, Lin. 2, 1.948.
136S. Ibid., Tom. 26. 1950.
1366. Ibid., Tom. 27, 1950.
1367. Ibid., Tom. 39. 1952.
1368. Ibid .. Tom. ·18, 1954.
13li!l. Ibid .. Tom. •11. 1952.
1370. Ibid. Tom. -17. 195~.
1371. Ibid .. Tom. 4!1, 1954.
1372. Ibid .. Tom. 52. 1954.
1373. Ibid., Tom. 54. 195~.
137-t. Ibid .. Tom. 55, 1954.
1375. Ibid .. Tom. 5G, 1955.
1376. Ibid .. Tom. 58. 1955.
1317. Ibid .. Tom. 59, 1955.
1318. I bid .. Tom. 62. 1956.
1379. Academy Nauk. SSSR: htlaeontologi·
cal Works in the Mongolian Republic,
Memoir of the Mongolian Comittec,
59, 1954. (in Russian)

ro

om

m.

138o. w~l.l1i~¥lt.
6 %
32. 2
1::181. Kumamoto Journal of Science, Ser, R.

Sect. 1, Geology. vol. 2. no. 2, Mar.,1957.
1382. Journal of

Earth Sciences, Nagoya
University, vol. ~- no. 2, Dec., 1956.
1383. ~'ti£i't;J;.:~f!l!·~ffil~)(&'lf iHlM no. 3,
Hl50-51, 1952.
1381. Research on Fauna and Flora of Kazaxstan. Torn. 1, 1955. (in Russian)1385. ZIEGLER, W. H.: Geologischc Studienin den Flyschgebietcn des Oherhalbsleins (graubi.inden), MiUeil. geol.
Inst. Eidg. Tech. Hochsch. Univ. Zi.irich,
Seric A, Nr. 5\l, 1956.
1386. STAUB. R.: Grundlagen und Knoscquenzen dl·r Verteilung der spather·cynischen 1\bssiv~ im :tl(>inen Raum.
Ibid .. Ser. i\. Nr. 60, 1\l:i(i.
1381. SuTJ·:H. H.: Tektonische Juraproblemc.
ein historishcr Ri.ickblick. Ibid .. Scr. A,
Nr. 62, 195ti.

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S .. No. 28, pp. 119-12/. pl. 20, Dec. 15. 1957

32f.i.

LIASSIC CIJLAMYS, "CAMPTONECTES" AND OTHER PECTINJDS
FROM THE KURUMA GI{OUP IN CENTRAL JAPAK*(Studic3 on the Liassic Pelecypods in Japan, 5)
ITARU HAYAl\11
Geological Institute. University of Tokyo.

*-~l'i'l:llf-l!EGD Chlamys . .. Camptouet'/es" .:t<Dfi!!.<1.J Peclinids: *m~Hiffi;::·.LR<iil~<D Pectin ids
cu:bQ;:: ti.l:~~:n-c '·. ~i.l~. *l.r.~t;'!:J;:tmn:tili.t:;.t lf!PJkiftrf•rli-n<D~tX1t,':'l. 1dt-P.!J. f.l1~1\"l<D::.Hc

fl~b~MH~~M-10~ (~~4M~8M)~~-~~GD~~~--BGDIM~;:h~~~-c~­G~.

~

Triassic and Upper Jurassic scallops
in Japan have been described by Ko·
DAYAsm (1931). l\L\Tst•sHITA (1937).
Ko·
IHYAsm and lcmKAWA (1949),
KIMUHA(1951). NAKAZAWA (llJS:!).IcmKAWA (W54a.
l%1 b) and Al\IANo (1955), but Liassic
ones remain undescribed. although several pectinids were known to KonAYAsm(19:{5) and ToRIY.UIA (1938) from theKuruma and Toyora groups in the Inner Zone of Southwestern Japan. Lately the Kuruma and Toyora collections
were greatly amplified by the writer.
In the preceding paper he proposed
Radulonec!ites as a new pectinid genus.
The Toyora fauna. which will be dis·cussed in near future. consists of so
dilfcrent species from the Kuruma onethat the writer could find only a few
pelecypod species common between
these two groups. notwithstanding thefact that they are almost contemporaneous strata. On the other hand. theLiassic Shizukawa group in 1\ortheastern japan seems poor in fossil pee·tin ids.
In this paper arc described the fol-* mlowing Kuruma species:Cittamys kunmzensis
KoBAYASHI and HAYAMI. n. sp.
Chtamys cf. kurumensis
KoBAYASHI and HAYAMI
Clllamys lwtakiensis
TAKA! and li.'t.YAMI. n. sp.
Clllamys sp. indct.
"Camptonectes" oishii
KoB."I.YASHI and 1-L.-.YAMI. n. sp.
"Camptouectes" subjlabelliformis
1-IAYA!\11, 11. Sp.

.. Camptonec/es" a sp. i ndet.
"Camptonedes ·· b sp. indet.
Eof>edr:n (?) sp. indct.
l:'n/olium sp. indet.
Variamussium (. 0 ) sp. indet.

Family Pt~etinidae LAMARCK<;en us Clrlamys Riim:o~G. 1798
Type species:- Pee/en isla11dicus ~hit.I.ER( 1176). Recent.
Ch/amys lmrumensis
KoBAYASHI and IIAYA~II. new species
Plate 20. Figures la-b.

* Received Jan. !:!, 1957: read Feb. !1, 1957.

Description:- Represented by two right
119

120

ltaru HAYAMI

valves.
Shell small. nearly aclinc.
slightly inequilatcral with some expanded anterior area, trigonally ovate
in outline exclusive of auricles, weakly
convex, higher than long (holotype,l\IM 2697; 16.0mm. long; 17.5mm. high):antero-dorsal margin of shell-bodyslightly concave; postero-dorsal one
almost straight but slightly convex
in umbonal region; apical angle between the h,·o about 90 degrees. although it is slightly smaller in juvenilestage; hinge line long and straight;
umbo scarcely rising above hinge-margin, located slightly posteriorly frommid-point of length: auricles clearly
defined, very unequal ; anterior one
large, protruded forwards. supported
by a developed byssal sulcus. forminga profound byssal notch below; ctenolium not seen. probably absent; posterior auricle comparatively small. triangular, subvertically truncated at theextremity; surface ornamcntC'd with
about 42 radial costae \Vhich are flattopped, wider than interspaces. increasing their number by somewhat irregular bifurcation: each auricle sculptured
by about 4 radials in its ventral half:auricular sulcus marked \Vith strong
concentric lines; concentric lines ofgrowth very dense, crossing both of
costae and interspaces.
Observation and Comparison:- On I y two
right valves are at hand. The bolotype specimen (Fig. la) is slightly
broken at the posterior end, but thebyssal area and radial ornamentation
are well preserved. Judging from them.
this species can be safely refered toChlamys, ·although the internal st ructures are unknown.
This species appears fairly similar
to Chlmnys mojsism•icsi KoBAYASIII and
kurKAWA (19~9; NAKAZc\WA. 1952). a wellknown Upper Triassic species in theSouthwestern Japan, but differs fromthe typical specimens of that species
from Sakawa basin in the larger apicalangle and presence of radials on thebyssal auricle. although the ornamentation of mojsisovicsi is seemingly fairly
variable. Haclial costae are also present on the byssal auricle of that species from the Sakuradani (lcmKAWA,
195-t a) and Mine area (undescribed)*.
which may be more closely related tothis than typical mojsisot•icsi and ancestral to this. But the radials are
more regular, stout and flattened on
tops in this species, and, moreover,antero-dorsal margin of shell-body isfairly longer than in those forms.
Pee/en dispar TERQtJI(M (1855) from thelower Lias in Fntncl~ is another related
species in \veak convexity of the rightvalve and irregular bifurcation of radial costae. In the French species. however. the byssal auricle is wholly sculptured with radial markings, while they
are restricted to its ventral half 111
this species.
Occurrence:- Rare in a sandstone of
the Kuruma group at Kamikawara in
Kuruma, Kitaotari-mura, Nagano Prefecture (Province of Sh inano).

Chlamys cf. lwrumensis
KoBAYASHI and 1-IAYAMr
Plate 20. Figures 2a-b.

There is a solitary specimen (MM2699) whose auricular part is broken

off. It may be a right valve, judging
from the bifurcation of radial costae
and weakness of shell-convexity.
Shell nearly equilateral. trigonallycircular with height (.12.5• mm.) more

* ToKU\' A :~orA's collection
courtesy.

throughhisLiassic Chlamys . .. Camploneclas .. and other Pectin ids from the Kuruma Groupor less in excess of length (40.0 mm.);postero-dorsal margin of shell-body almost straight; apical angle 90 degrees
or so; radial costae dense, about 65 innumber, nat-topped. increasing their
number by bifurcation. slightly curved
outwards in lateral areas; their inter·spaces comparatively narrow, marked
with dense concentric lines of growth.
This resembles the preceding species
in many respects and may be its adultform. But the radial costae are more
numerous than in typical kurumensis.
even though they bifurcate in the middle stage.
Occurrenn·:-Same as the preceding.

Ch/amys kolakiensis
TAKAI and I-lAYAMI, new species
Plate 20. Figures 3-5.

Descriptirm:-Shell small to medium
for genus. inequivalve. nearly equilateral in two valves exclusive of auricles.

121

almost adine, moderately convex inleft valve but rather weakly in right.
more or less higher than long ; antcrodorsal and postero-dorsal margins ofshell-body nearly straight, forming anapical angle of about 90 degrees ineach valve; hinge-margin straight;
umbo scarcely protruded above hingemargin, located near median point oflength; right anterior auricle large,
protruded. linguiform. supported by adeveloped byssal sulcus. forming a
deep byssal notch below: other auricles
triangular, rather ill-defined from shellbody, obtusely truncated at the cxtremil ics; surface marked with about 58
fine and dense radial costae, whose
number is increased by insertion without difference in prominence in left\·ah·e; interspaccs almost equal orslightly wider than costae; radials
distributed also on auricles except for
byssal one; numerous line concentriclines of growth crossing costae andinters paces.

-----

Measurement in mm.

LengthHeightApical angle

Number of ribs

Holotype (1\IM 2700) Left valve
Paratype (MM 2701) Right valve(l'vl M 2702) Left valve

33.0
31.0
15.5

29.0
33.0

115'
90'

58

21.5

80'

60

5·1+

---

Obsen,alion and Comparison:- The
holotype (Fig. 5) is more or less compressed secondarily in dorso-ventral
direction. and the apical angle in consequently much larger than original.
On the contrary another II I ust rated
right valve (Fig. 4) is compressed antero-postcriorly. The auricles of left
valve arc ill-dcllncd if compared withmodern Chlmnys (s. s.). This species.
however. can be included in the wide
sense of Ch/amys by the developed byssal auricle, deep byssal notch and radi-a! ornamentation.
This species is distinguishable from
Chlamys mojsisoricsi. C. textorius (ScHLo·
THEI)I.t)(QuENSTEDT. 1858; STA!'SCHE, 1926;
DEcHAsl'Aux. 1936) from the Lias in Europe and its offshoots from the Dogger
and 1\lalm by the ill-def1ned auricle ofleft valve and fine radial ornaments.
Occurrence :-Common in black shalesof the lower or middle Liassic Kitamatadani formation of Kuruma groupat Ohishi in Kotaki and at the mouthof Yogurazawa in Odokoro, Itoigawa

Itaru IIAY~IAI

122

City. Niigata Pref. J\ solitary specimen procured by KANAYAMA* from thesame formation at Kitarnatadani. Kurobe national forest. Toyama Pref.

Chlamys sp. i ndet.
!'late 20. Figure G.
l~epresented by internal and externalmoulds of a broken right valve (MJ\I270-!). Shell medium. acline. more orless higher than long: byssal area of
Cltlamys-typc \Vith a byssal notch anddistinct ctcnolia.
This differs from normal Chlamys in
the extraordinarily fine radial lines andthe absence of concentric markings on
the shell-surface.
Occurreucr:- Sandstone of Kuruma
group at Kamikawara in Kururna. A
similar fragmentary specimen from asandstone of the Domerio-Toarcian
Shinatani formation at Kanayamadani,Omi-machi. J\iigata Prd.

Genus Camptonech•s l'vl EEl<. l8fi-!
I)pe sp('rir>s:-Pecfe/1{('liS

Sow~-:RnY(1818). Middle and l'pper jurassic.

Remarks:- CamptoneclcsM EEK ftou rished world-widely in the Jurassic andCretaceous. Its ancestral forms appear
already in the Upper Permian (NEWELL.
19:37). The Late Palaeozoic species have"Camptonertes-striations ", although thebyssal not ell is shallowt:r than in l'vlcsozoic typical forms. The roof-shaped
dorsal margins show that those forms
are more similar to the Aviculopectinidae, as mentioned by NEwELL Recently
Cmnptoneclcs friadicus NAKAZAWA (1!!!12)* The writer exprL·sses his thanks lo :\!r.
Jchiro K,\:"'AYA~IA for the donation of thespecimen.

and C. (.') sp. by lcmKA wA (lD54 b) were
described from the Upper Triassic injapan. The former species is pro,·idedwith undoubted "Camptonecles-striations ",but the auricles are not so clearly outlined as in Jurassic forms.
On the basis of the surface ornamentation Cox (1952) divided this genus
into the following three groups:(l) /ens· group (Camptonectes s. s.)providedwith fine tlal~cllate, often punctate"Camptmrec/es·slriations ".
(2) amm/atus-group with erect concentric
laminae at more or less regular inter·vals.
(3) inlertexlus·group (Camptochtamys ARKELI.
1!130) with lattice ornamentation.

There is. however. another groupcharacterized by an almost smooth surface. It comprises Camploncctes torinosuensis Ku1~ATA and KiMURA. C. (?)
mimikirensis K. and K. (KII\IURA. 1951)
and four Liassic forms described below.
This group lacks entirely '' Camptollectes-striations" or any striking radialor concentric costae. and the outline isoften llabellatc and somewhat longer
than high. It should be distinguishedfrom Camptonedes (s. s.) al least subgenerically. but the writer's materials
are so poor that he hesitates to establish a new subgenus or genus forthem.

.. Camptonectes" oishii
and IIAL<\MJ, new species

KoJ<AYASHI

Plate ~0. Figures 7-ltJ.

Descriptioll:- l~cpresented by threeright subinternal moulds and a fragmentary right valve. Shell medium.
orbicular in out line exclu~ive of auric!l:s. more or les~ opisthocline. highly
incquilatcral with well expanded anterior area. a little convex. slightly

Lias:;k Ch/amys. "Camptmu•rlt•s" and r•ther Pectin ids from the Kuruma (;rouplonger than high (holotype: :10.5 mm.
long; 28.5nun. high); antero-dorsal margin of shell-body pronounccdly ~.:oncave;postero-dorsal and hinge-margins nearly straight; ventral margin gently
arcuate but curvature becomes verystrong near the antero-dosral one; auricles very unequal; anterior one protruded. linguiform. supported by a narrow byssal sulcus; byssal notch wideand profound; posterior auricle triangular. horizontally elongated, roundedat the extremity. \\·ell defined fromshell-body by a shallow groove; surfaceof subintcrnal mould marked with line
concentric lines and numerous faintradial capillac which probably indicate
shell-structure of inner layer; ventral
margin marked with about 80 (assumed)
crenulations. which show the presenceof radial ornaments on ,-cntral surface.
Observation and Comparison: -Theholotype (:viM 2705. Fig. 8) is a rightsubinternal mould. Its shell-surface isalmost exfoliated except for a byssal
area. where faint radial ornaments are
bared. In a fragmentary right \'alve(M~l 2706. Fig. 10) the shell-surface ismarked with very weak radial foldings
which become more or less prominent
towards the ventral margin. although
they arc not "CamjJ/onedes-striations".
ln some respects it resembles Radulonectites HAYAMr (1957). but the radial
markings (striations in Radulonectites)
are more numerous and weak. and theorbicular outline is more similar toCamptonec/es.
Pleuronectites ScHLOTHEI:I-1 is characterized by almost smooth surface anda sigmoidal antero-dorsal margin, but
the height is slightly but persistently
greater than the length in Plermmectites
and Raduloneclites. while it is the reverse in this species. Incidentally. theoccurrences of Pleuroneclites arc re-123

strictecl in the Triassic. so far as thewriter is aware.
Camptonectes tori11osueusis 1\uRATA and
KIMt'RA (1\.11\IURA. 1951) from the Upper
jurassic Torinosu group in Sakawa
basin seems the closest ally to thisand probably congeneric with this. but
the byssal notch is much narrower inlorinosuensis l han in this species.
Occurrence:- Rare in black shales atKuruma. Kitaotari-mura. Nagano Pref.
(Prov. of Shinano) and at Ohishi in
Kotaki. ltoigawa City. Niigata Pref.

"Camptouectes" subflabelliformis
I lA,'A:\II. new species
Plate 20. Figures 11. 12.

Description:-Two small right valves
are at hand. Shell small. subequilateral exclusive of auricles, acline. ftabelliform. slightly convex. much longer
tha'n high (holotypc: 20.0 mm. long;
1'i.Omm. high); antcro-dorsal margin ofshell-body slightly sinuatcd, while postero-dc;·sal one is long and nearlystraight; apical angle about 115 degrees; hinge-line straight; anteriorauricle large, protruded, defined fromshell-body by a very narrow byssal
sulcus: byssal notch rather shallow
and angular; posterior one trigonal.
depressed. truncated with an obtuse
angle of about 1:20 degrees at the extremity; suriace smooth except forseveral obscure irregular concentric
undulations in umbonal area, lacking
any racl ial markings; byssal auricle
marked by numerous line concentriclines; ctenolium and resilifar unknown.

Observation and Comparison:-The
holotype (l\I:\'1 2709. Fig_ 11) is an almost
complete right external mould. This
species is fairly different from normal
Camptouectes in the 11abcllate outline.

124

I l:lJ"ularge apical angle and smooth surface.
This differs from Camptanectes lorinosuensis KuRATA and KIMURA in the
more equilateral shell-body and lessconcave antero-clorsal margin. Camplmll'cles (?) mimikirl'nsis KuRATA and KIMUHA has regular concentric lines on
the surface and is much larger thanthis, although the outline is fairly
similar. In the ftabellate outline thisis also similar to Pf'cfen jamoignrusis
TrmQUEM and PonTE (1868) fromthelower Lias in the eastern Paris basin.
but that species has "Camptonectes-striations" on the shell-surface.
J'eclw
pmemissus RITTNER (1901) from the Carnic in Bakony and Camptonectes (?) sp.
by lcmKAWA (1!J54 b) from the Carnic
Arai formation in Tokyo Pref. havealmost smooth shell-surfaces. and IcHIKAWA suggested that they are distinguishable from Camptonecles in genericrank. In this species, however. theoutline is more tlabellate with large
apical angle. if compared with those
Triassic forms.
Occurrence:- Rare in black shales at
the mouth of Yogurazawa in Odokoro
and at Ohishi in Kotaki.

" Camptonectes " a sp. indet.
Plate 20. Figure 13.

Represented by a large externalmould of right valve (l\ll\1 2711) whose
posterior side is broken off. Shell inequilateral. flabelliform. much longer
than high with rather weak shell-convexity (74.0 n:m. long; 61.0 mm. high):hinge-margin straight and very long:antero-dorsal margin gently sinuated;
apical angle unusually large and about1311 degrees or n~ore: anterior auricle
well developed. protruded. marked bylattice of radial and concentric cle-

IIAYAMIments; byssal sulcus very narrow;byssal notch narrow but extraordinarily profound: surface very smooth except for irregular concentric foldings.
Tlli!-; differs from the preceding in
the much larger dimension. profoundbyssal notch, larger apical angle, inequilateral shell and netted byssal
auricle. The writer could find no comparable species.
Occurrence:- Sandstone of the Domerio-Toarcian Shinatani formation of
1\uruma group at the upper stream ofKanayamadani in Omi-machi. Niigata
Pre f.

"Camptonecles" b sp. indet.
Plate 20, Figures U. 15.

There are two small ill-preserved
right valves (MM 2712, 2713). Shell
subcquilateral and acline exclusive ofauricles. slightly higher than long;antero-dorsal margin of shell-body almost straight or slightly sinuatcd;
apical angle 95 degrees or so; byssal
auricle protruded forwards. definedfrom shell-body by a narrow byssal
sulcus; byssal notch shallow. angular;
surface smooth exct>pt for fine concentric lines of growth.
This form is more or less similar totypical Camptonertes in the external
aspects, although "Camptouecles-striations" are not seen.
Occurrence:- Rare in a black shale at
Ohishi in Kotaki.
(;enus Eopecten DouviLLE, 1897
=Vela/a QUENSTEDT ( 1856) non GRIFFITH(lil3·1): Velopecten Pull.IPPI (1898).
1\•jJf' SjJecies: -.'3/JOIIdylus
GoLDFuss (1836),

Dogger.

tubercu/osus

Liassic Chlamys. "Camptonerles" anrl other Pectin ids from the Kuru rna (;roup

FojJec/Nl (?) sp. indet.

Family Amu:-~iidac RlllE\\'oou
Genus Entolium iVh:~-:1.;, 181i4

Platt· 2U, Figun· IIi.

Two left external moulds before handare a little broken and deformed secondarily.
Shell almost acline, subequilateral. well convex, higher thanlong (illustrated specimen, !viM :2714,
26.5"' mm. long; 33.5- mm. high); postero-dorsal margin of shell-body almost
straight; posterior auricle triangular.
ill-defined, obtusely truncated at theextremity: surface ornamented withstrong radial costae in two orders ofprominence: primary ones diverging
from umbo. numbered about 35: secondary ones appear by insertion in
middle stage. almost regularly alternating with primaries; costae distributed
also on posterior auricle: numerous
fine concentric lines of growth crossing
costae and their intcrspaces.
The ornamentation and strong convexity of shell remind one of a left
valve of /~'ojJel'ft•n, although the radial
costae arc numerous, if compared withthose of typical species. This form is
probably related to Vela/a anglica ARKELL
and Vela/a ll'ilfoniensis ARKELL(1931) from the Corallian in England,
but the distinction between primaryand secondary costae in left valve ismore clear than in those Corallian
species.
It is known to KoBAYASHI and lcmKAWA (19-19) that radial costae often increase their number by insertion in
the left valve of Ch/amys mojsism,icsi,
but the alternation of the costae of
two orders is more regular in thisform.
Ocwrrence :-Rare in black shales ofLiassic lwamuro formation near the
lwamuro Power Plant in Akagine-mura,
Gumma Pref. This is an importantmarine element in the formation.

125=Synclonenw MEEK (18G4): /'ro/amussium VER·
RILL (1899).

Type species:- Pecten demissum

PHIL-

ups (1829). Dogger.

Entolium sp. indet.
Plate 20. Figure 17.

Only an ill-preserved left valve (?)2717) is at hand. Shell equilateral. gently convex. subvertically elongated, oblong in outline with subequal
triangular auricles; surface smooth;internally, a pair of cardinal crurarunning close and subparallel to anteroand postero-dorsal margins of shellbody. Judging from the almost straighthinge-line. it mr~y be a ldt valve ofEntoliwn, but its sped fie i dent i fica t ion
is impossible.
Occurrence:-Sandstonc at Kamikawara in Kuruma.

(M~lGenus Variamussium SAcco, 1897
T"ariamussium (?) sp. indct.
Plate 20. Figure 18.

A very small specimen (MlVI 2718) devoid of auricular area. Shell equilateral. acline. circular. as high as long
(3.6 mm. long: 3.8 mm. high); surface
marked with 10 strong radiating ribs
which are very narrow and somewhat
roof-like. It appears a right valve of
Vflriamussium, but the material is toopoor for determination.
Occurrence:- Black arenaceous shaleof Domerian Tcraclani formation (,1maltheus-Cananaria bed) of Kuruma groupat Teradani in Kuaobe national forest,
Toyama Pref.

Itaru IL-\YAMJ

1.2fi

Explanation of !'late :w
Chlamys lmrumensis KonA YASIII and I-lA YAl\11. new species. ... ..
.. ....................... p. 119
Fig. I a. External mould of a right val \'C. 1-!olotype (~Il',,l 2697) x 1.5. Loc. sandstone oi
Kuruma group at Kamika\vara in Kuruma. Kitaotari-mura. Nagano l'ref. Ko·
llA Y AS Ill coli.
Fig. I b. Gypsum cast of the same specimen.
Chlamys cf. kurumensi.~ KonAYASH! and HAYAMJ ........................................................ p. 120
Fig. 2 a. Gypsum cast of external mould of a right (?) valve, X l.
Fig. 2 b. Internal mould of the same specimen (MM 2699) X l. Loc. ditto. KoBAYASHI coli.
Ch/amys kolahiensis TAKA 1 and IIA YA~~ 1. new species .................................................... p. 121
Fig. 3. Right val\·e. Paratype (MM 2701) X I. Loc. black shale of Kitamatadani formation at the upper stream of Kitamatadani in Kurobe national forest, Toyama!'ref. KANAYAMA coli.
Fig. 4. Left \·al\'e (!\·1M 2702) x l. Loc. black shale of the same formation at Ohishi
in Kotaki, Itoigawa City, Niigata Pref.
Fig. G. Lcit valve, I!olotype (lVIM 2700) X 1. Loc. ditto.
Chlamys s[l. ind .. t. ...............................
...........................
.. ........................ p. 122
Fig. ti. Internal mould of a right valve (\·JM 2704) X 1. Loc. same as l-'ig. I a.
"Camptmwcles" oishii KonAYASJJJ and HAYA:\11, new species ....................................... p. 122
Fig. , . Suhinternal mould of a right nlve, Para type (MM 2707) X 1. Loc. black shaleof Kuruma group at Kuruma. Eitaotari·mura, Nagano !'ref. KoB/IYASIIJ coil.
Fig. 8. Sut,intcrnal mould of a right valve. Holotype (MJ\1 2705) X I.G. Loc. ditto.
Kotl!\ y ASill coil.
Fig. 9. Subinternal mould of a right \'ah·e (Ml\12708) X 1.5. Loc. ditto. KoBA\'ASIII coli.
Fig. 10. Right vah·c (1\t:\1 2706) x 1. Loc. same as Fig. •1.
" Camptmwd,•s" .~11/J.f/a/wi/UiJnnis HAY AM 1. new species. .. .............................................. p. 12:1
Fig. II. Gypsum cast of external mould of a right valve. 1-lolotypc (MM 2709) X 1.5.
Loc. Lllack shale at the mouth of Yogurazawa in Odokoro. ltoil-{awa City, Nii·
gala Prcf.
Fig. 12. Right valvt· (Ml\1 2710) x 1.5. Loc. same as Fig. 4.
"Camptmwc/es" a sp. indct. ... .... .. ........
.. ......................................................... p. 12·1
Fig. 13. Gypsum cast of external mould of a right \·alve (Mi\1 2711) X I. Loc. sandstoneof Shinatani formation at Kana:;amadani in Omi-machi. Niigata Prd.
"Camptonecles" b sp. indet. .. ....................................................................................... p. 12-l
Fig. 14. External mould of a right valve (M:\1 2112) x 2. Loc. same as Fig. ·1.
Fig. 15. Right valve (M.\1 2713) X 2. Loc. ditto.
F.opecten (.') sp. indet. ................................................................................................. p. 125
Fig. 16. Gypsum cast of external mould of a left valve (MM 21J.l) x 1. Loc. black shaleof lwamuro formation near the lwamuro Power Plant in Akagine·mura, Gum·ma Pref.
Eulolium sp. indct.
.......................................................................................... p. 125
Fig. 17. Left (?) valv<: (:\ll\1 2ili) X 1. Loc. same as Fig. 1 a. KoB!I.YJ\5111 coiL
Variamussiwn (.') sp. indet. ....
........................................
.. ......................... p. 125
Fig. 18. Left (?) valv<: (l\iM 2718) X 1. Loc. sandy shale of Tcradani formation (Amaf.
tlums-Cammaria bed) at Tcradani in Daira, Asahi·machi. Toyama Prcf.
All

illustrat~.;dspecimens are kept in the Geological Institute. University of Tokyo.

HAY AMI:

Liassic Pectinids

Photo by Mrs. KoBAYAsHI and Mr. UEKI

Plate 20

Liassic Ch!amys. "Camptonecles" and other Pectin ids from the Kuruma Group

Hcfcrences
References cited in the preceding paper(1-IAYAMI. 195i) arc omitted here.
A11KELL. \V.]. (1930). A Monograph of British Corallian Lamcllibranchia. Part 2.
Palaeonl. Soc. /,ont!tm.
BITTNER. A. (1901). Lamellibranchiaten aus
der Trias des Bakonycr-waldcs. Erjorsch. d. 1/alatonsees. 1I 1, Pa/aeon/ol. An·
hang.
Cox, L. R. (I !J52), The Jurassic Lame IIi branch
Fauna of Cutch. Pal. Indica, Ser. 9. Fof.
3, Part -1.
HAYAMI. I. (1957).
Radufonectites. a new
Pectinid Genus. from the Liassic Kuru·
ma Group in Central Japan. Trans. Proc.
Pal. Soc. ]aPml, N.S .. No. 21.
lciiiKAW,\. K. (195·1 a). Late Triassic Pelecypods from the Kochigatani Group in
the Sakuradani and Kilo Areas, Tokushima Prefedure, Shikoku. Japan. Part
2. jour. !nsf. l'olytech. Osaka City Unit• ..
Ser. G. l"ol. 2.
(1954 b), Earh· Nco-Triassic Pelecypods
from lwai. ncar ltsukaid1i. Tokyo Pre·
fecture. japan. jour. (;eo/. Geogr., Vol.
25.
KIMURA. T. (1951). Some l'ectinids and a
Limid from the Jurassic Torinosu Group12i

in Japan. ]our. N1c. Sd. Uni1>. Tokyo.
Sec. 2. Vol. I.
KoBAYASHI. T. and IcHIKAWA. K. (19-19).
Tosa/Jf!c/c•n, gen. no\'. and Other Upper
Triassic Pectinidae from the Sakawa
basin in Shikoku. Japan. Ia/Jtm. ]our.
Geol. Geo~T .. Vol. 21.
MEEK. F. R (1864). Check List of the Invertebrate Fossils of :\orth America. Cretaceous and Jurassic. Smit!Jonian 1liisc.
Coli.. 1\fo. 177.
~AJ{,\ZAWA, K. (1952). A Study on the Pelecypod-fauna of the Upper Triassic 1'\abae Group in the Northern Part of
Kyoto Prefecture. Part. l. Pectinids and
Limids. 11iem. Col/. Sci. Unh•. Kyoto, Ser.
B, Vol. 20. No. 2.
Qur:r-:sTEDT. F. A. (1858). Der Jura. Tiibingen.
STAESCIIE. 1\. (1926).
Die l'cctinidcn derschwiibischen Jura. Geo/. u. Pa/aeout.
Ahhandl.. N. F.. Bd. 15.
TERQUEl\1, 1\1. 0. (1855),
Palt~ontologie deI'Etagc inferieur de Ia Formation liasique de Ia Province du Luxembourg,
Grand-Duche (Hollandc), el de llcttange.
1\lcm. Sm·. gcol. 1-i'tmce. 2 serie. tom. 5.
and PIETTE. E. (l8G8). Le Lias inferieur
de !'Est de Ia France comprcnant Ia
Meurthe, Ia Moselle. le Grand-Duche deLuxembourg, Ia llelgiquc el Ia Meuse.
.\Jcm. Soc. geol. France. 2 strie, tom. 8.

Trans. Proc. Palaeonl. Soc. Jap<llt, 1\. S., No. 28, pp. 128-13fi, pl. 21. Dec. 15, 1957

327.

ON SOl\JE JURASSIC 1-U-TYNCllONELLlDS I''ROJ\lSHIKOKU, JAPAN*
AKIRA TOKUYAMA
Gt:ological Institute, University of Tokyo.

lll:l!'f'l*!W®f!Jifli.*im<D Rhynchonellids 7 {11!: 1'1 2 NU;J:~uJl)lEf!.Ctl-tll!~<D'/ii=f-tti\\1/P.E-c, {':(1,-'f;h.
R. haradai, R. boucharaii l':.i!I*l<:'. Lias >.!::'ffi:if;-J·~~<Dc,I.J.'.:bt\.Q 0 ±~tllt1t-mv.Ee> 2 fll!c:Dp.]
1 HUi 1\.alfirhynchia, flk:1t!CJIIJIIJiltG9f.:;'.t!*'tlffi~ 2 filU:31<1:::. Burmirhynchia I:::.J}tj'Qe ;:Q>;JH:J:.
Burma Q> Namyau Bed '€ktl~> Tcthy~. Asia 0) Bathonian, Callovian(?) 1:::.~< zr:f!i·f'Q~~.
t~ ~fft<D B. japonica n. sp. 1.:. J: iJ tfrt,; 1-: l~lilltil\:;iriti~!I'PliJ Lt.: o !h !.lH/tilf Q> 111! 0) 1 fdH1 Pan•i·rlrynr.hia ~.:.m -J· Q"

~

rlJ

llJI

clzia BucKMAN. and the other to Bunnirhynchia Bucto.tAN which is widelydistributed in Bathonian of Europe andAsia. Two Torinosu species resemble
also certain species of Burmirllynchia,
and the other of the Torinosu species
belongs to Parvirhynchia BuCKMAN.
The Torinosu series which is Ivlalm
in age according to KoBAYAsm (1935),
is widely distributed in the Chichibuzone of japan. whereas the preTorinosu Jurassic formations are foundin the zone only at a few places in the
Shikoku island. The Naradani formation is known in the west and southwest of Sakawa and yields an interest·
ing
Doggerfauna.
The
Liassic
Miyakodani formation is so far restricted to a small area in Awa. Because
Naradani and Miyakoclani formations
are widely apart from each other,
their relation is not actually determi·
nable, but it is quite certain that thel\fiyakodani and Naradani formations
are located near the top of the Sambosan group. Their limited disLibution
is due to the extensive erosion caused

Seven Rhynchonellids procured fromthe Jurassic strata in the outer zoneof ]3pan are described in this paper,
namely, 2 of which are from the Lias·sic (?) l\1iyakodani formation in Awa(Tok1.1shima Pref.). another 2 from the
Naradani of the Dogger age in Tosa
(Kochi Pref.) and the remaining :~ fromthe Torinosu series of the l\hlm age
also in Tosa.
Rhyndwnella haradai NtwMAYR (1890)
has been a solitary rhynchonellid in
the Jurassic fauna of Japan, and unfor·
tunately its exact locality is unknown.
It was compared by NEU.MAYR with R.
jurci/lata TuEouoRt from the Lias ofWestern Europe.
The Miyakoclani
rhynchonellids are also suggestive ofLiassic age.
One is the lae1•is form
related to R. bouclwrdii DAvmsoN fromthe upper Lias of England, while theother is a capillate one closely resembl·
ing R. hamdai. One of the Naradani
species belongs probably to A-allirhyn-* l~eceivcd i\1ay 6, 1957: read at tht· lj5th
Meeting of the Palaeontologit'al Sociel y ofjapan. at Tokyo. Feb. 9, 1957.
128

129

On some Jurassic Rhynchonellids from Shikoku. Japanoy the emergence of the Middle Jurassic
JJida phase (1\.onAYASHI, 1941).
The writer is grateful to Prof. T.
KoBAYAsm under whose direction thisinvestigation was carried out. His
I hanks are due also to Mr. K. HAsmMOTo at Usugatani in Awa and Mr. T.
IMAMURA at Sakawa for the privilegeof describing their collection.
Description of species

Genus Rhynchonella F1scHER DE
WALJliiEIM, 180!) (sensu Jato)" Rhynchonella" sp. cf r. lwradai
NEUMAYR.

1890

Plate 21, Figures 1-3; Text-figure L

cfr. R. haradai NEUMAYR, (1890) Denkschr. ll.
Akad. wiss. Math.-Naturtc, Bd. 57. S. 32.
Taf. 5. Fig. 5.

Description :-Shell small,roundlytetragonaL Brachial valve rounded,
moderately convex and provided witha median fold which is broad, elevatedabove major part of shell; 3 of 7 ribs
on median fold, sharp, subangulate,and suddenly disappearing withinumbonal half. Median sinus of pedicle
valve wide, acute, somewhat gcniculat-

Text·tigure 1. .. Rhyllchonefla" cfr. hara·dai; showing the dorsal muscle scar. x3.

ed at base; anterior lobe projected inform of trapezoid; anterior commissure
folded up also in a similar form; ribs
starting a little below beak, distinct,
rounded. Beak small, and suberected.
Capillac fine, distinct and continue tocostation (fig. lb).
Internally, median septum of brachialvalve narrow, very shallow and extending for a half of shell-length; dental
lamellae divergent, short and supporting hinge teeth of common rhynchonellid type; hinge socket tolerably wellimpressed and coarsely crenulated.
Dorsal anterior adductor elongate-ovalor triangular; its inner margin slant
toward median septum, and then running parallel to septum; its longest
part parallel and close to narrow andshort posterior scar. Ventral scars
indistinct.

Measurement in mm.

LengthWidthThickness

Both valves (t1g. 2)
Pedicle valve
Brachial valve (fig. 3)

12.2
12.8

1G.3

3.3

12.2

ll. 1

--

15.0

-

ObserMtion and Comparison :-An internal mould of both valves and several
external moulds at hand arc badly
deformed. Ribs on the median sinus
number 3 in a specimen.
The above described .. geniculation"of the median sinus may be produced

by deformation. If so, this is almost
indistinguishable from the typical R.
haradai in the external view. The interior of the typical form is unknown.
This resembles l'an,ir/zyncltia BuCKMAN(1917) closely, but it can be distinguished by the absence of the Norella-Akira TOKUYAMA

13U

stage. and the aspect of muscular
impressions. Internally, this resembles
J\allirhynrhia BucK:-.tAN, especially 111
the shape of dorsal muscle scars, but
the resemblance may be superficial.
because it belongs to the laet•is group.
From Burmirltyncliia BucKMAN it differs
in its fairly strong median sinus andmuscular impressions. In Burmirhynchia
anterior and posterior dorsal scars are
C<?mbined in cordi- or pyri-form. while
they are separated in d1is species.
Thus the writer fciiled to find any
genus in which it can safely included.
"Rhynclwnella" ricltardsoni
MurR·
Woov. probably from the Lias. is very
similar to this in outline. but themedian sinus is narrower. the anterior
lobe Jess prominent and the shell capillate in this. As she pointed out (1936.
p. 48) the broad rounded costae on 1heanterior portion and anterior lobe suchas in these species are strongly suggestive of the alliance to some Liasspecies such as •· R." jurensis. "R."varidbilis.
Occmnmce :-Common in the Miyakodani formation at Kohama in Awa.
The Lias age of this formation issuggested by 2 species of rhynchonellids therein. NEuMAYR'S specimen issaid to have been collected at Kaisekiyama, near Sakawa in Tosa, where.
however, no Liassic formation is known.
.. Rhynchonella" sp. aff. bouchardii
DAVlllSON

about 11 prominent and more or lessrounded plicae appear suddenly in acertain stage of growth; central one
I ies on the median sinus which appears
near the centre of the shell ; rounded
concentric lines or growth discernible
near its periphery. Internally, dental
lamellae arc short, strong and subparallel; muscle impressions are obscure.
This differs from DAvmsoN's in its
more distinct median sinus, but coincides with the latter in convexity. outline. plication and so forth. R. 11atmi11ae
FTNKELSTETN fro!'n the upper Lias ofSouth Tirol is another ally which,however, is distinguished from this by
the distinct median sinus and more
widely spaced plicae in that species.
Upper Triassic •· R." nakajimensis ToKuYAMA (1957) has a similar outline andplication. from which, however, thisdiffers in its more rounded outline, inthe gently inflated pedicle valve andin the roundly sinuated median sinus.
Short plicae, rounded even outline
and other characteristics as seen these
species are also recognized in one of
the Triass.ic rhynchonell id sections(TmniYAMA, 1957). RoTIIOPLETZ {1886)
proposed Prmza-Sippe for the lower
Liassic "R." prona 0PP"L (1861) andupper Liassic .. R." boucltardii. The
present species is another Liassic member of the group. Writer is of opinion
that these 4 Liassic forms were derived
from the Triassic grieshachi section .
Occurrence :-Rare in the Miyakodani
formation at Kohama, Awa.

Plate 21. Figure 4.
aff. R. bouchardii DA VI!JS0:-1. (1851) Brilis!J
Fos.~il Brach., pt. 3,
p. 82, pl. 15, figs.
3, 5.

Genus Kallirhynchia BucKMAN, 1914

A pedicle valve, 13.5 mm. long, 15.5mm. wicle. gently convex and circular.
It is smooth in immature stage but

1917: Kal/irhynchia BuCKMAN, Pal. Indica,
JV. S., twl. 3. p. 31.
1934: 1\allirhynchia, Mum·Wocm. Phil. Trans.
Roy. Soc .. ser. H, 1'0/. 223, p. 534.

On some jura5sic Hhynchoncllids from Shikoku, Japan

Kallirhynchia sp. indet.
Plate 21. Figure II.

A pedicle valve. ll.S mm. long and13.5 mm. wide. is roundly trigonal andconvex, but is flattened mesially. The
shell is ornamented by 22 persistentcostae which are distinct, subangularanteriorly and separated by deep andnarrow sulci; median sinus flattened
and defined anteriorly, carrying a short
linguiform extension and provided with
G costae. Umbo is incurvcd and somewhat gibbous; foramen unknown.
Either muscle scars or other interiorfeatures are unknown. The generalexternal view is. however, suggestiveof Kallirhynchia for it. In the outline,
costation and number of ribs it resembles K. amoena BecKMAN and K. decora
BucKMAN.
According to BucKMAN the genus
ranges from Bajocian to Callovian.
Occurrence:- Rare at the mouth of
Naradani valley, near Nishiyama, Togano in Tosa, in the upper part of
the Naradani formation.

Genus Burmirhynchia Buc~<MAN. 1915
8urmirhy11chia BucKMAN, Rcc. Ceo/.
Surv. India, 1•of. ·15, p. 7fi.
l!Jl7: Burmirhym:hia BucK:-JAN, Pal. Indica.
N. s .. lfO/. 3, 110. 2. p. 49.

131

identiftes them with Bunnirh_rnclzia ,,·ithemphasis on the B. namyaue11sis typeof interior characters, especially on themuscle scar which is one of the mostimportant characteristics of the genus.
BucKMA~ (l!H7) did not discuss thesurface features. It is true that somespecies belong to the laevis group. B.
lzsipmcensis BucK:-JAN for instance, butsome others belong to the capil/atae. B.
ova/is for example, has capillate shells
as shown in his illustration. Thus thisgenus comprises the two groups. A
future study may promote them to thegeneric rank. According to SAHNI (1928)
and MuJR·\Vmm (193-1) the difference
between the capillate and laevis groups
does not bear great importance inthe phylogeny of terebratulids. Thismay be true also for rhynchonellids.
because B. japonica bears the similarcrura to the group of laevis Kallirhynchia
and others. According to ~luiR-WooD(1939) capi Ilate Parvirlzynchia has also
the similar type of crura. Phylogenetically the crural character. \Vhich isof prime importance, suggests that thisgenus may be related to these genera.
Burmirlzynchia is an important genusof the Dogger and the lowest l\lalm in
the Tethys and Asia.

HJI5:

Burmirhyncl1ia japonica ToKuY A MA,
new species
Plate ~1. Figure~ 5, 6; Text·figure ~.

This genus comprises 40 species fromthe Xamyau bed of Burma and 18
Bathonian and Callovian (?) ones fromEngland. France. Somaliland, Syria.
Arabia. Attock. China (Yunnan) andAust raJ ia (?); 3 species arc added here
to them. The genus belongs probably
to the /am•is group by lhJcK~JAN. In
spite of his capillate shells the writer

Description: ~Shell small for the
genus. biconvex and roundly subtetragonal. Brachial valve gently inflatedwith a low median fold in anterior
third. Pedicle valve more or Jess flattened: sinus shallow. distinct only inanterior. AniPrior commissure elevatedtrapezoiclally; lateral commissure slant-

Akira TOKUYAMA132

ing ventrally; beak small, short.
submesothyrid and slightly gibbous;foramen small and subcircular; about
15 ribs inclusive of 5 mesials on pedi-cle valve. more or less angular andabruptly weakened mesially.
\Veakand short capillae distributed on wholesurface.

Measurement in mm.

LengthWidthThickness

llolotype (fig. 5)
l'aratypc (fig. 6)

8. 7

1:!. 2

o. 4

8.6

6. l
4.5

Observation:- Thin tests arc preservedin a few specimens. The serial sectionof the posterior portion and artificial
internal mould show the internal
structure (Text-figure~). Dental lamellae are short and fairly strong. but
thin. diverging at ~0 degrees andsupporting narrow. short and cunei·
form in transverse section, extendingfor one-third of the shell length; it issplit away from the septalial plates inthe yery early stage; septalium more orless deep; a small project ion exists inthe anterior; hinge plate slightly concave, strongly demarcated by an inner

socket-ridge. Dental lamellae, hinge
plates and septalial plates are fused toform \V in transverse section nearumbones. Crura probably of "calcifer"type, consists of two thin curved
laminae which are concave anteriorly
and dorsally.
They are combine todescribe a semicircle.
I\Iusclc scars are obscure, but b)'
cross light they are found to be similar
to those of B. namyaueusis; namely. 2
anterior dorsal scars are narrow andoccupy two-thirds of the shell-lengthand connected with posterior ones
which arc a little more strongly im-

810~-'~ ~~

'·b

~~
0.1

0.1

·o

12

0.1

13

11

0.2

Text·figurc :.!.

Burmirltyu,·fli,t japoui,·a. U tran~vc_·rsc sections throughposterior portion of shell. x !:!.

0.2

133

On some Jurassic Rhynchoncllids from Shikoku. japan

pressed than the anterior ones; anterior
and posterior pairs of scars are united
to make a cordate form; posterior ventral scar is large and subrhomboidal:
2 anterior scars are separated from thepreceding by narrow furrows.
Comparison :-Among the
Namyauspecies B. 1wmyauensis BucKMA!'> isclosest to this, although the convexity
is greater and ribs are more distinct
and numerous in BucKMA:-o's. He did
not mention of its surface ornament,
but the close resemblance of interior
characters suggests both species to becongeneric. U. subtrigonalis BucKMAN
is another ally to this species, but thedisagreement is in its prominent, in·curved and gibbous beak. R. aff. varians
by \VAr-:NgR & 1\NIPSCIIEEI< from theLias of East Scrc111 is a close ally, but
ribs arc more numerous and a little
stronger in that species.
Its crura may be similar to those of
1\al/ir/tynchia or "calcifer" type (l\lu1R·
Woon, 193,1). although the second lamina
is not d ist inet. From 1\allirhynchia it
is distinguished by its characteristic
muscular impression, weaker and morerounded costae, anterior portion ofshell, and so on.
Occurrence :-Common at the mouthof the Naradani valley and "jinden-no·
Measurement in mm.

Lengthllolotrpc (Fig. 7)
Paratypc (Fig. 8)

shiba" on the eastern slope of Nishiyama valley, Togano near Sakawa in
Tosa. in the Naradani formation.
Bunnirhyucflia and associated terebratulid are Bathonian. KuHATA (19~1)
suggested the Inferior Oolite for thisfauna.
Bunnirlzyncliia torinosuensis ToKUYAMA,
new species
Plate 21, Figures 7, 8.

Description :-Shell small,roundly
trigonal. biconvex, nearly equivalve
and chestnut-like. Brachial valve fairly
flat and feebly trilobed by i nterca·
lation of a very weak median fold inanterior. Pedicle valve gently convex:
sinus insignificant, indicated only bya low undulation of anterior commissure which transmits into lateral ones;
lateral commissure slants ventrally;
beak small. short. erect and su bmesothyrid: foramen subcircular.
l<ibs 111
pedicle valve wide, distinct. rounded,separated by narrow sulci. weakened
toward beak and numbered l:i. !1 of
which on median sinus fit in .J ribs on
median fold of brachial valve. Capillae
short, distinct and running into costa·
tion.
Width

Thickness

9.0

9.2

5.2

9. 0

10.3

6. 1

Obseroation and Comparison :-A finecomplete specimen and a fragmentary
one arc found in limestone. The latter
is more convex than the former. Sucha convex form is rather common inthis genus, as exemplified by B.
1/llllf.l'llltensis and 8. pmestans REED.
This species resembles B. japonica inits biconvex shell. beak region, comparatively weak median sinus, capillae
like ornament and in the number ofribs so closely that they arc thought
to belong to the same genus, but theinterior is unl\110\\'11 of this species. It
is distinguished from the prtn·ding by
its indistinct median sinus and more

134

Akira ToKUYAr.L\

rounded and wider costae. B. cfr. parva
by 1\Ium-Woov (1937) bears nearly thesame number of ribs and the outline
similar to this, but its ribs are slightly
stronger and the beak is more incurved
than in this species.
Among theNamyau species H uamyauensis and n.
subtrigona/is are also similar to thisspecies and especially to its convex
paratype. This however, is distinguishable from them by its erect beak andmore widely spaced rounded costae.
From H. prl'estans REED of Yunnan thisis distinguished by the slender form.
R. cfr. haradai is the oldest among thecapillate species in Japan and bears
the most clear-cut median sinus, while
the sinus is most obscure in this. The
Naradani
species isintermediate
between them.
Occurrence :-Rare at I-Ianabata andlwasa-yama, ncar Sakawa in Tosa, inthe lower part of Torinosu series.
'' Burmirhyncltia" capi!!ata ToKuYAMA,
new species
Plate 21. Figure 9; Text-figure 3.

beak ridges subangular; interarea
rather high relative to foramen whichis in turn small, suboval, and methothyrid (Text-figure 3). Ribs on pedicle
valve Hi in number. including .:l mesials,
all weak, rounded and effaced toward
beak. Whole surface covered with finecapillae; concentric ornament absent
except a few growth lines.
Obsen•ation and ComjHJrison :-Only one
good specimen at hand is 8.6 mm. long.
8.1 mm. wide and 3.8 mm. thick. In theexternal view it looks to be a
Burmirhynchia, but this reference must
be confirmed by the interior structure.
In shell texture it is indistinguishable
from the preceding. This is fairly
similar to B. depressa BucKMAN in
outline, commissure, number of ribs,
the smaller beak and the non-trilobed
outline. but BucKMAN'S differs from thisin the gibbous beak and more distinct
costae. This is distinguished from H.
japonica as well as B. torinasuensis by
its slender outline, sharp beak. small
foramen and weak costae.
Occurrence:- Rare at 1wasa-yama near
Sakawa in Tosa, in the Torinosu
limetone.
Genus Pan•irh.yncliia BucKMAN, Hll-!
Parl'irhyncltia BucKMAN, Pal. Indica,
N. S., vol. 3, no. 2, p. 56.
1939: Parl'irhynchia: Mum- WooD, Proc. Geol.
Ass .. 1•of. 50, p. 476.
1917:

Text-figure 3. Deak of .. Burmirhyncl1ia"
cajJil/ala. X 6.

Description :-Shell small. biconvex,
fairly flattened, nearly equivalve andbroadly elliptical. Brachial valve subrounded, broadly inflated ; median foldalmost obscure, only defined by gradualeJcyat ion of anterior comm is:surc.
Pedicle valYe not gibbous. w iLh ashallow sinus ncar anterior margin;
lateral commissure slightly incurved;

Parvirlzynchia bella ToKuYAMA,
new species
Plate 21. Figure 10.

Description· Shell small. biconYex
and rounded. Brachial valve gently
convex; median fold elevated onanterior half. carrying 3 round costae;On sonw Jurassic Rhynchonellids from Shikoku, Japananterior commissure folded up to form
trapezoidal : Norella-stage passing invery early stage. Pedicle valve lessconvex. slightly trilobed and distinct
anteriorly; lateral commissure slanting
ventrally: beak hypothyrid. small, suberect and slightly incurved; foramen
small and rounded; ~ costae including~ mcsials rounded. stout. widely spaced
and developed on the anterior half;surface covered wholly with distinct
and continuous capillae.
Obsenation and Comparison:- The typespecimen. 8.~ mm. long, 8.1 mm. wideand 4.7 mm. thick is well preserved inoolitic limestone.
Internal characters arc unknown except for slightly diverging dental
lamellae and a cuneiform weak median
septum. Nevertheless the species reveals
several important characteristics ofPamirhynchia: namely hypothyrid beak.
small circular foramen. early Nord/astage, rounckd costae, and continuous
capillae through the shell as emphasized by BucK!\IAS.
From P. Parl'ula BucKMAN this isdistinguished by its smaller beak,wider and more rounded outline: ribs
are more distinct and more numerous
m that than in this species.
P.
llirlonensis l\lu•R·Woon (1\139) is similar
in dimension and has t.he same numberof costae as thb. but the foramen ts
larger and costae are more distinct inthat species than this.
According to RucK~IAN and 1\luiR\Vuon this genus appears to have beenflourished in Bajocian and survived
until Oxfordian.
Occurrence .·-Rare at Anaiwa at themouth and on the southern slope oi
l he Anaiwa valley. near ()gawa in Tosa,
in the lower part of Torinosu seric·s.

135References cited

BucKMA:-.1, S. S. (1915), The Brachiopoda of
the Namyau Bed: Preliminary l\otice.
Nee. Geol. Sun·. India. 110!. 45, pp. 75-81.
(1917), Tlw Brachiopoda of the
N·amyau Bed. Northern Shan States,
Burma. Pal. lnclica. N. S., l"ol. 3, 110. 2.
25·1 pp. 12. pis.
DAVIPSON, T. (1851-52). A l\lonograph of the
British Fossil 11rachiopoda. pt. 3. The
Oolitic and Liassic Brachiopoda. Pal.
Soc., 100 pp, 18 pis.
FJNKEI.STEIN. II. (l88Y). Ueber cin Vorkom·
men der Opa/inus· (und Murcliisonae· ?)Zone in westlichen Sud-Tirol. Z. deu/scli.
~:eo!. Ges., Bel ..J I. S. 49-79. Taf. i.
KoBAYASHI. T. (1935), Contribution to theJurassic Torinosu Series of Japan.
Japan. four. (;('(}/. Geogr .. mi. 12, pp. 69!ll. pis. 12. 13.
(1941). The Sakawa Orogenic Cycle
and its Bearing on the Origin of theJapanese Island. four. Nil". Sci. Imp.
Unit•. Tokyo, sec. 2, t:o!. 5. pl. 7. pp. 21!.1578.

Kui<ATA. N. (J!J.Il). Geology of the Togano
Basin and its Vicinity, Koti Pref., withspecial reference to the stratigraphyof the Torinosu SL·ries. pl. I. four. Geol.
Soc. japan. l!ol. 17. pp. 505-516.
Mum-\Voon. H. i\1. (193-1). On the Internal
structure of some :\l<:sowic Brachio·poda. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. l.mulon. ser.
II. vol. 233. pp. 511-567. pis. 62. 63.
(1936). A i\lonograph on the Brachio·
poda of the British Great Oolite Series.
pl. I. The Brachiopoda of the Fuller's
Earth. R1l. Sw. l.oudon. 1-1<1 pp. 5 pis.
(1937). The l\lesozoic Brachiopodaof the Attock District. !'a/. Indica. N. S ..
t•ol. 20. 110. 6, :H pp .. 1 pl.
(1939). Two new species of Bra·chiopoda from the Inferior Oolite.
Lincolnshire Limestone. Proc. Geol.
Ass .. vo/. 50, JI(J . .J7G-48G.
M. (18!111) in Nc\l!AIANN. E. andl'vl. NEUJ\IAYR. (1890). Zur (;eologie undl'alaontologic ,·on Japan. Dl'ltflscflr. k.

NEti~IA\'1~.

Akademielcissr·ltsdiOjl/.

.\Ia/ fl·l'•latunl' ..

136

Akira ToKUYAMA

Btl. 57. S. l-10. Taf. 1-5.
REED. C. (19~7). Palaeozoic and l\'lcsozoic
Fossils from Yun-nan. Pal. bu/ica, N. S ..
1'0/. 10. 110. 1, 291 pp .. 20 pis.
RoTHOPLETZ. A. (1886),
Geologisch· Paliiontologische-l\']onographie der Vilser
Alpen mit besonderer Beriicksichtigung
der Brachiopoden-Sys tematik. l'alaeontograph .. t•ol. 33, pp. 1-180. pis. 1-17.
SAH~I. M. R. (1928). On the :Morphology and
Evolution of certain Jurassic Terebra-

tulids. Ann. ,l/af.J. Nat. His/., ser. 10.
2, pp. 11-1-138.
ToKllYAMA. A. (1957), On the late Triassic
T<hynchonellids of Iapan. japa11. four.
Geo/. Geogr .. vol. 2;·~. pp. 121-137. pis. 10,
II.
WANNIW, J. and H. C. G. KNIPSCHEER, (1951).
IJcr Lias der Niefschlucht in Ost-Scran(Molukken). Ec/o~-:ae geol. HelL• .. Bd ..J.I,
S. 1-28. Taf. 1-3.
I'O[.

~---~~----

Explanation of Plate 21
Sufi xed letters in f1gs. 5, 7-9 show:- a: brachial view, b: lateral view. c: pedicle view.
d: anterior view. e: posterior view.
Figs. 1-3: "Rhyndumrlla" sp. cfr.lwnulai NEUl\IAYR ................................................... p. 130
Ia. b: External mould of a brachial valve; a: x 3. b; its enlarged part showing
capillae, x 7. Loc. Miyakodani. Usugatani in Awa.
2a-c: Internal mould of both valves viewed from 3 directions: a: pedicle view,
b: brachial view. c: anterior view, X 3. Loc. Ditto.
3: Internal mould of a brachial valve, X 2; dr. text-figure I. Loc. ditto.
All HASHIMOTO cull.
Fig. I:"Rhyuc/unwl!a" sp. aff. bouchardii DAVIDSON ................................................ p. 131
Internal mould of a pedicle valve viewed from :2 directions; a: pedicle view. h:anterior view, x 3. Loc. Miyakodani. HASHIMOTO coiL
Figs. 5-6: Burmirhyuchia jaj>ouica ToKUYAMA. new species .......................................... p. 132
5a-d: Holotypl'. internal mould of both valves. viewed from 4 directions, X 3. Loc.
Naradani, ncar Togano. in Tosa.
lia-c: Para type, internal mould of both valves. viewed from :i directions; a: pedicle
view. b: lateral view, c: anterior view, X 3. Loc. ]inden-no-shiba, near Toganoin Tosa.
Figs. 7-8: 8urmirhytwhia tori11osuensis ToKUYA~IA. new species .................................. p. 134
7a-e: Holotype, both valves. viewed from 5 directions: a: enlarged pedicle view
showing the surface character of shell, x 5; b-e: X 2. Loc. Hanabata. m:ar Sakawa in Tosa. IMAMUr~A coli.
Sa-d: Paratype. internal mould of both valves viewed from .J directions, x 3. Loc.
lwasa-yama near Sakawa in Tosa.
Fig. 9:·· Burmirhynchia" capil/ala ToKUYA~IA. new species ..................................... p. 135
9a-e: Holotype, both vah·es viewed from 5 directions, x 3: f: a part of the shell
showing capillae. x 5. Loc. Iwasa-yama.
Fig. 10:
Parvirhyuchia bella ToKUYAMA, new species ................................................ p. 135
lOa-d: Ilolotype. both valves, viewed from •1 directions. X 3. Luc. Anaiwa. Ogawa
near Sakawa in Tosa.
Fig. II:
Kallirhynchia sp. indct. .............................................................................. p. 132
An internal mould of a pt·dicle vah·e, X 3. Lnc. l\araclani.

All specimens illustrated here arc kept at the Geological Institute. Univen;ity of Tokyo.

ToKUYAMA:

Plate 21

Jurassic Rhynchonellids

9c

lb
11

UEKI

Photo.

Trans. Proc. Palaeonl. Soc. Japan. N. S.• No. 28, pp. 137-H2, Dec. 15, 1957

328.

TWO CARBONIFEROUS CORALS FROM THE KITAKA.MI
MOU~TAINS.

NORTHEAST HONSYU, JAPAN*

l\lASAO MINATO and 1\IAKOTO KATO
Department of Geology and l\lincralogy. Hokkaido University~tJ:UJ!U!.<l):ri#tfefi;i-lvJJllllffll2 £tll: ~tl:lliJU!vJ.bW{*CJ\':1il·0i!lt L.t.:Jlllll'NJD 2 H!. Dipl!yphyllum deli·calum Mns ..n o cl KATO, sp. nov .. Ctisiop!Iyllum sp. ~.::."?1.-'-c~cl!lll:·t~, f&:'ffiJIEli'llit.>:i'lJlf!.cl".ii:ijflf;J:/f'IJ!J't'~~il: C/isiophyltum m'coymmm THo~ISON l.:mJrl-J·Qo~
IE !i1ll·:fm ifi Jl&.

The present short note deals with twocorals derived from the Carboniferous
deposits developed in the Kitakami
Mountain region. Northeast Honsyu,
japan, viz .. Dip/zyp!zyllmn delicatum, sp.
nov .. and C!isiop/zyllum sp. The latterform closely resembles Clisiop/lyflum
m'coyammz Tum.IsoN. but may perhaps
belong to a new species.

Description of Species

Genus Dipli)1Jityl/um LoNSD.-\LE. 18.:!5!JiPit>Pityl!um delicat um, sp. nov.
Text.figs. B(1-6), C.

Corallum compound, fasciculate andphaceloid. Corallites cylindrical. gently
tapering downwards. rather closely dis·posed with each other. the interspace
between them not exceeding the distance of their own diameter. if they
are at maximum distance apart.
Epitheca thin. horizontally annulated
on its surface, but no distinct septal
grooves observable.
Type ol increase. perhaps lateral andnon parricidal.
ln cross section, corallites round in

Texl·lig. B.
Diphyphy/lum de/icatum 1\IINATO & KATO,
sp. nov. (all figures xl. 5)
Cross section showing" gemmation".
Longitudinal section.
Cross section, partly tangential.
Longitudinal section. Jl~1rtly tangential.
Fig. 5. Longitudinal ~('ctinn in a part of" gemmation " of tig. 1.
Fig. 6. Cross sect ion.
Fig. I.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. ,1.

* !{cad Sept. 28, 1957; received Feb. 2~. 1%7.
137

138

Masao MINATO and 1\fa)wlo KATO

unite with the flattened inner tabulaeof the central area. Such inclined outertabulae show concavity upwards. accordingly their cut edges appear incross section with their concave sides
faced out wards.
There is no fossula and no trace of
axial structure, accordingly the central
area of this coral seems to be wellspaced in the cross section.
Dissepimentarium narrow, where single or rarely two rows of dissepiments
are developed. which are generally arranged in concentric but sometimes inangulo-concentric pattern.
The cut
edges ol the dissepiments, which aremuch inclined to the outer wall joinwith the major septa and thus the major septa appear to be forked towards
the outer wall. However, in the corallites of the very early stages there are
no dissepiments and the major septa
are observable to be of a common plate
form .
.------------dissepiment
In longitudinal section, septa. . . . . - - - - - - - - - minor septum
also flex ious and amplexoid .
Inner tabulae almost flat. rarely undulating, uniting with
the inclined outer tabulae, all hough so met i mcs the former
is not distinctly differentiatedfrom the latter. Between the
major septa. the outer tabulae
incline towards the dissepi ·mentarium as above stated,and may perhaps be slightly
concave upwards, accordingly
they show concave surface upwards between the major septa
in the tangential section. The
density of both tabulae ranges
G to 10 in a \'crt ical distanceof 5 mm. Dissepimental vesi·
cles rather irrcgular in form
Text-fig. C.
and size. gently inclined mOiagr:~mmatic illustration of a part of corallill'.
wardly, arranged usually in
Diphrphyllron delicatum MIN A To & 1\.ATO.

outline. attaining 10 mm in maximum
diameter. Septa in two orders, major
and minor respectively, all of them arranged radially and somewhat t1exious.
Not only minor septa but also major
septa arc quite short. attaining a half
or a third of the radius of the corallite.
numbering 17 to 18 in a corallite offull grown stage. Even in a still carl ier stage. I he septal n urn ber 15 is rath ·er constant tor this species. and in this
hystero-neanic stage the minor septa
haYe also already appeared. although
they are very short.
In some corallites. the distal ends ofthe neighbouring major septa unitewith the tabulae to represent a kindof structure like a phyllotheca in crosssect ion. but this is by no means a true
phyllotheca. As will be later described,
the outer tabulae rise gently from theinner margin of the dissepimentariumin the longitudinal section, and theyTwo Carboniferous Corals frnm the Kitakami r-.rountains. Northeast Honsyu. Japan

one row but rarely in two rows. Density of dissepiments is :1 to G in a
vertical distance of !'i mm.
Remarks:- The present form is characterized by its relatively large corallite. short and comparati\·ely tew septa.
besides wide tabularium which is occupied by closely set and almost flat
tabulae. The dissepimentarium is narrow: it is occupied by single row orrarely two rows of dissepiments.
In 1928, Sr-.uTII divided Diph_,pliyllum
into two groups based on the structureof tabulae. Diphrp!n·!!um n: and /3 groups
respectively. HILL in 19,10 aclclecl one
more group represented by DiPII.\Phyllum ingens. Recently the senior author
classified diphyphyllids into five groups
and showed the relationship amongst
them, together with the geologicalrange of the five groups (l\1. l\'liNATo.
1955).
The nature of the tabulae of thepresent form apparently belongs to hisgroup :~ ( = group of IJiPhJPhy/lum ingensof HILL), in which the inner tabulae
are horizontal and the outer tabulae
slightly concavr. This group of Diphyp/zyllum is a most long lived form ranging from the Lower Carboniferous
Dibunophyllum zone to the Permian inage. The present form was also foundfrom the l\licldle Carboniferous Nagaiwa series in the Kitakami mountainregion. Among several forms of Dipliyp/zyl!um belonging to group 3, the present one somewhat resembles Dip/J.lPIIyl/um equiseptalum YABE et l-L\ Y ASA KA,
also a good horizon indicator of the~agaiwa series in the 1\.itakami mountain region. But the former has alarger corallite, numerous septa andmore numerous dissepiments than thepresent form.
Some corallites in the early stage ofTsclmssol•s/{ellia capitosa described by

139

DoBROI.YURov.~

sho\v features somewhat
like the present species, especially the
specimen tigured by her as tig. ~8 inplate XXX shows similarity with thepresent specimens now under consideration. but the Russian species possesses an axial structure in the mature
stage, and there is not discernible any
trace of an intimate relation between
these two forms.
Horizon: -l\1 iddle part of the i\agai wa series, perhaps the Profusu!inel/azone.
Locality:- Eastern slope facing toward
Onimaru Pass, in Hikoroichi-Machi.
Kesen-Gun. lwate Prefecture.

Col/ector:-T. HASHIMOTo.
Registration number:- L. 1-1. R.

12446(i-ix).

Genus Clisiophyl!um DANA. 18-16

Clisiophyllum alT. m'<."oyaJ//ll/1 TuoMsoN
Text-fig. A.
Compare, with:
Clisiopllyllum keyserlingi. II11.1. (part),
193S: pp. 60-65. pl. I. figs. 6. 11. Clisio·
pltyl/um aff. m'royamrm. SmL Y. 1908: pp.
13, 14, pl. 1' fig. 4.

Available for study there is only one
oblique thin section which was madefrom the much deformed corallite.
Corallum simple. Corallite is elliptically outlined in the oblique section,
attaining about 16 mm in the shortest
diameter. Outer wall moderately thick.
The outline of the outer margin of thewall is quite smooth in thin section,
and accordingly there may be only indistinct septal grooves in the corallite.
Septa in t \VO orders, both of themquite thickened throughout their length
by stereoplasmic deposits, especiallythe major septa much dilated at theJ\Iasao MtNATo and J'vbl;oto KATO

1·10

thecal region. and becoming slightly
thin towards both axial and distal
ends. The major septa usually straight.
numbering about •10: they m;ually reachthe axial complex and some of themunite with the septal lamellae. although
the latter structure does not mean themere elongation of the major septa.

Text-fig. A.
C/isiophyl/um aff. m'coyamtm THO:\tso:-:.
(X 3)

In the thin section. both the major
and minor septa arc observable to beconstructed from the three layers: thecentral layer is very narrow and translucent. on both sides of this translucent
layer there are narrow black layers
and sti II outside of them there arc
stereoplasmic layers formed of fibrous
tissues which are perpendicularly arranged to the septal plane.
The minor septa alternating with the
major one. fairly long and slightly protruding beyond the theca into the tabularium. They are abo much thickened

throughout their length as alreadynoted.
J\xial complex is large and free fromany organic deposits; it is composed of
an indistinct. somewhat flexious medianplate, numerous axial tabellae and also
a number of radiating septal lamellae.
though they are less numerous thanthe major septa. Of them, the medianplate only is composed of three layers:a translucent layer in the middle, andblack layers on both sides of it. However, all of these three layers arc quite
thin and accordingly the width of themedian plate is not so different fromthat of the other skeletal clements suchas septal lamellae and axial tabellae.
The septal lamellae arc not straight:-tnd do not show the radial arrangement but rather show bilateral symmetry. The septal lamellae are somewhat twisted in both ends and rot at·
ing as a whole.
Fossula indistinct.
Llissepimentarium rather narrow. incomparison with the broader axial complex. The dissepiments arc arranged
in concentric to sub-concentric pattern.
Rmzarf?s:- J\ It hough the present m:lterial is quite imperfect. it seems to
the writers to be specifically nearly
like the Scottish Carboniferous species
C/isiophy!lumm't:O_W/1111111 THoMsoN. a specimen of which was illustrated by Hn.r.
(l\n8) as fig. 6 on plate I under thename of C!isiopll_rllum keyst>rlinf!i M'CoY.
Strong resemblance between the Japanese form an THoMsoN's species consists
especially in the much dilated major
septa, long minor septa, and broad
axial complex composed of rotating
septal lamellae, numerous axial tabellae
and median plate. It seems likely thatthe specimen now under considerationis quite nearly allied with THoMso:-:'s
sp('cies.

Two Carboniferous Corals from the 1\itakami 1\lountains. Northeast llonsyu. Jap;lll

In the japanese form. however. notonly the major septa but also the minor
septa arc much dilated, and such l<:ature is, according to I-IlLL, never observable in the Scottish specimens. She
stated that "the minor septa and thedissepiments also vary with ontogeny
but they are never dilated". Such being
the case. the writers wonder whether
the Japanese form should be regarded
as wholly synonymous with the Scottish species or not.
Hru. is of the opinion that the variation in respect to the dilation of the
septa must be regarded as almost negligible for any specific distinction andshe grouped various types of Clisiophyllum into one species.
For example, she regarded such species as Clisiophy/lum m'coym111111 Tno~·ISoN,
and Cyc/ophyl/um parado:ricum THo:>.JsoN
to be wholly synonymous with Clisiophyl/um key.~erliugi 1\!'CoY. Cydophy/lum
paradoxicum TnoMsoN belongs to thegenus Clisiophyllum. which has alsomuch dilated major septa in the tabularium, but those major septa of thisspecies are very thin in the dissepimentarium.
Sm1.v once described and illustrated
one coral under the name of C/isiophyllum aff. m'coyanum TnoMsoN. which isderived from D2 zone in the Midlandarea of England. In his specimen the
major septa arc also thickened in theintrathecal area, but thin in the dissepimentarium and further no dilations
are observable in the minor septa.
Also in the specimen of so-called
Clisiophyllum m'coyflllllm illustrated by
HrLL. the major septa are not dilated
in the dissepimentarium, although they
are strongly thickened in the intrathecal area.
On the contrary. in the japanese
form. both the major and minor septa

J.ll

are much dilated by the stereoplasmic
deposits throughout their length either
in tabularium or in dissepimentarium.
Accordingly the writers wish to regard
this form as specilically distinct fromthe Scottish species, although it may
be nearly related to Clisiop/iyl/um m'cnanum TnoMsoN.
The present from may be a new species. However. the material now available for study is very imperfect andmuch deformed, and it may be reasonable to delay proposing a name until
more numerous and complete materials
may be collected.
Furthermore. the exact locality andhorizon of the present form is unfortunately unknown to the writers. The
specimen was found in a collection leftby some university stud(•nts who once
engaged in a lield survey of the Carboniferous deposits in the Kitakami
district.
It i:; certain that this specimen wascollected from the Setamai region in
the Kitakami mountain district andfrom the Carboniferous deposits. but
beyond this. nothing can be statedabout its locality and horizon.
1\leanwhile, it is the first representative from this country of the genus
C/isiophy/lum (s. str.). This genus is notcommon in Asia. though not lacking.
so the record of the present form fromjapan may be somewhat interesting.
Horizon :-Onim:1ru series or Nagaiwa
series.
Locality:- Kitakami mountain district.
but the precise locality is unknown.
Co/lee/or:- Unknown.
Registration member:- U. H. R. 12710.

Chicr Hefen•tH'es
Cm. Y. S. (1931).

Wciningian (!\fiddle Car·l\Ia5ao MINATO and Makoto KATO

112

boniferous) Corals of China. !'ill. Sinira,ser. li, vol. 1:!. fasc. 5.
(1935), J\otes on som(· Carboniferou5
and Permian Corals of Dr. ERIK NoJ{IN·s
Collection from Sinkiang PrO\·incc. Bull.
Ceo[. Soc. Chiua, tml. 11. pp. 23-:J,I.
DELEPINE. G. (1939). La discordance Viseen
sur Famennien pres Taquoz (Confins
algero· marocains du Sud). Bull. Soc. Ceo!.
Frrnu:r·. scr. 5. tome !1. fasc. 1-3. pp. 9110,1.
DJNGW ALL. J. M. !\1. (192G), On Cyatlwdisia. a:\'cw Genus of Carboniferous CoraL
Quart. jour. Ceo/. Sm· .. rot. 82, pp. 12-21.
DoBRO!.YUBO\'A, T. A. (1\J:~!i). The Corals of
the Upper Carboniferous of the Middle
Urals and their Stratigraphic Importance. Trans. All-Union Sci. Res. Ins/.
Eom. illin .. fasc. 103. 68 pp.
EnwAJWS. H. M. & IL-\IME. ]. (1852), i\ l'VIonograph of the British Fossil Corals.
part. 3. Pa!aeo11fogr. Soc.
FRECH. F. (1885). Die 1\orallenfauna desOberdcvons in Deutschland. 7.eitschr.
deutsch. geol. Gesell.. 1/d. 37, S. 21-130.
GARWOOil, E. J. (1912). The Lower Carboniferous Succession in the North-Westof England. Quart. four. Cent. Srlr' .. t'OI.
68. pp. <149-586.
IlF.RITSCH. F. (1936). Korallen der Moskaucr-.
Gshel- und Schwagerinen-Stuft: derKarnischen /\!pen. /'alaeontogr .. /Jrl. 83,
Abt. A S. 99-162.
HILL, D. (193·1). The Lower Carboniferous
Corals of Australia. Proc. Roy. SrJf'. Queenslrmrl, 1'0[. 45, no. /2, pp. 63-115.
(1938-19·10), A Monograph of the Carboniferous Rugose Corals of Scotland.
part I. 1938: part I I I. 1940. Palaron/ogr.
Soc.
KELLY, W. A. (1942). Lithostrotiolllidac in
the Hocky Mountains. four. Pat.. 1:0/.
16. No. 3. pp. 351-3()1.
LoNSDALE. W. (1845). Description of some

Palaeozoic Corals of Ru~~ia. pp. 591-63·1.
in .MURCHISON, VERNEVII. & KEYSEI<I.·
ING's .. The (;eo/ogy of Russia in Eurofx•
and the Ural .Hmmtaius, /."LlJil\I'IG, R. (Hlfi2). Zur Pal:tcontologie desUrals. Palal'fmfogr .. Bel., 10. S. 179-226.
l\ltNATo. 1\1. (1955). Japanese Carboniferous
and Permian Corals. four. f(u·. Sci. Hoklwido Unir• .. ser. IV, ~·ol. 9. no. 2. 202 pp.
I'EI{NJ\. A. (192:1), Die Korallen der Unterkarbonablagerungen am ostlichen Ahhange des Sud Urals. Mcm. Com. giol.
St.-Petersb. (n. s.). Lit•r. 115. 34 pp.
SmLY. T. F. (1908). The Faunal Succession
in the Carboniferous Limestone (Upper
Anmian) of the Midland Area (North
Derbyshirt and North Staffordshire).
Quart. four. Geo/. Soc .. t•ol. 6 4. pp. 34-82.
SMITH. S. (1928), The Carboniferous Coral
Nemistium crlmmulsi. gen. et sp. n . .·!1111.
1\/ag. Nat. !list .. ser. 10. t•ol. I. pp. 112120.
TuoMSON. ]. ( 1881). On the Occurrence ofSpecies of the Genus Dipltypltyllum Lo:--;sDALE. in the Lower Carboniferous Strataof Scotland. with a De~cription of some
New Spccit·s and Notices of Varieties.
Quart. four. Grot. Soc .. z•ol. ·13. pp. 33-39.
& NicHOLSoN. H. A. (18i6),
Contributions to the Study of thl' chief GenericTypes of the Palaeozoic Corals. Ann.
J1lag. Nat. /-list., ser. -1. 1•o/. 17. pp. 123128: ~51-,162.
YABE. H. & liAYASAK.-\, I. (1915). Palaeozoic
Corals from japan, Korea and China.
Ill. ]our. fir!Ol. Soc. Tokyo, rot. 22. pp.
127-142.
& - - (19211). Palaeontology of Southern China, and Atlas of Fossils. in .. Geo-graphical Research in China".
YO. C. C. (1933). Lower Carboniferous Coralsof China. !'a/. Sinica. ser. N. r•nl. 12, fa.~,·.
3. 211 pp.

Trans. Proc. l'al<wont. Soc. Japan. N. S .. :"Jo. 28, pp. 143-153. pl. 22, flee. 15, 1957

329.

BRYOZOA FROM THE DAISHAKA FORMATiON (PLlOCF:NE),
MINi\ l\II-T::;UGARU-l;UN, AOMORl PIU:FECTUltE*

JLl'\ KATAOKA
Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Tohoku University.

'i'i~lf~iY4W~ll11*fRilm/i:i1£D-~!It:m: iJ.I.ljij~f.!lhl~H~l.:.~{li't'~7dJ~i!A!h'f/ ($Vit;lc)

iH-< O){t;fi (:fi

R:.gm, ~:RtlL ~rem. iliJ:#:!IlJJ~. itiJIJ.El.M, r:p-:nJ'Ji. :EY<f®~~) ~ltd·Q, 4"fuJ:J!tCI)f*l~A!1l!.J:~ o:>fii.:I~mft.:ri~t<ft.t;f L. -c 3.1 IIi 5·1 flll~~'l}IJ L-~£DF9 6 tJTflfi&tf 2 fJfllli!'tfifdit:\iH.. t.:.
it iirll*4!

Introduction and Aeknowkd~ements

small stream in the valley northwestof Daishaka. Osugi-mura, \linami-Tsugaru-gun. Aomori Prefecture. (IGPS loc.
no. Ao-019)
The writer thanks Prof. Kotora HATAI of the Department of Geology. Faculty of Education, Tohoku University
and i'vlr. Shizuo l\L'I.wATJ\Itt of the Research Institute of Natural f~esourccs.
for their encouragements and kindness
with regard to many important litcratu res, and to 1\Ir. Ktlich i rG MAstmA of
the Department of Geology, Faculty of
Education. Tohoku Cniversity for hiskind offer of his collections.
Acknowledgements arc also due toProf. Shoshiril lL.-.NzAwA and other members of the Institute of Geology andPaleontology, Tohoku University, fortheir supports with regard to the present work. Thanks are due to l\Ir.
Kimiji KuMAGAI for his photographic
work.

It is well known that Bryozoa remains occur in many sedimentary deposits of Japan. where they occur isolated or attached to molluscan andBrachiopoda shells and other foreignmaterials. However. there are ycry
few studies concerning them.
I. I-IAYASAKA (19:!4). K. SAKAKt:RA (1935.
1936) and S. No:-.tut~A (1B3G) are the only
contributors on the fossil Bryozoa ofJapan.
The purpose of the present work is
to study the Bryozoa fauna of the Daishaka formation (Pliocene). which istypically developed in Nlinami-Tsugaru-gun. !\omori Prefecture in northern Honslni, japan, from the view of
its assemblage
andpaleoecology.
Among the distinguished 3,1 genera and54 species. six new species and two newsubspecies are described in this paper.
The specimens treated in the present
work were collected from the type
locality of the formation. which is thecliff situated on the right side of a

i'\ntes on the Stratigraphy andPrevious \Vork on the Fauna.

The stratigraphic position of the Daishaka formation as referred in thispaper is shown in Table I. The forma-* Head June 20. 1956. bdore the 63rd Or·
dinary Meeting of Paleontologkal Society ofjapan; received l\lar. 27. 1957.
143

Jun KATAOKA

144

tions is unconfortable with both suband superjacent formations and is composed of coarse clastic sediments consistinJ of conglomerate and very coarse
grained, greyish to light yellow sandstone, which is often cross-bedded andvery fossiliferous.
The fossils of the formation include
ForaminiCera. Bryozoa, Brachiopoda.
Mollusca. echinoides, sponge spicules.
Cirripe jia and calcareous algae. The
Brachiopoda fauna from this formation
were described by S. NoMURA and K.
Table I.

.

~uWest Part of Hirosaki

East Part of Hirosnki

Aomori l'ref.

Basin, Aomori Prcf.

Dasin, Aomori Pref.

IMA!\ISHI (1949)

KANAYA (1949)

IMAIZUMI (1957) (MS)Yamadano

UJJJ ItU JlliJIIIJ I

formation

I

Narusawa formation

Shiblknwn formation

Tsurugasnkn tuff~"""'

Hignshlmeyn formation~

S6ma formation

.

"'"
.2

Katnnishi formation~

Takano daciteu

Ogn Peninsula,
Akita Pref.

Maednnome formation

1i::

ii:

The Bryozoan species so far discriminated from the formation are given
in Table II, in which the known Recent

Ajignsawa djstrict,

"'
·o;

.2

Hemarks on the Paleoecology of
the Daishalm formation.

Correlation Table of the Tertiary Deposits in the Hirosaki
Basin and its Adjacent Districts.

3

.,"'

IlATAI (l~J:3S) and K. 1-lATAI (1936. 19-10).
l'vlollusca by S. NoMuuA and K. 1-iATAI(1935) and Foraminifera by K. AsANo(1937, 1938). This is the first report on
the Bryozoa.

Maido formation"'and fossil distributions arc included.
The fauna is characterized by thefollowing features:1) Specimens with Membrauijnr111 typezoarium predominate. These arc characteristic of the littoral zone, generally
encrusting on shells. stones, etc.
2) Specimens with Cel/arifor/11 type ofzoarium are not rare; these are also
littoral forms and generally adhere toalgae.
3) The fauna contains species commonly found in the Tsugaru Strait.

.Hlll 1J1UJ11J1L

Dnishakn formation~ ~ Sabiishi Wakimoto formation

Kogakoformation~,~
1\lntnznwn

format!

Kitaurn formationn4) The number of species distributing
to the Hawaiian Islands, Philippine
Islands and Tsushima Strait are very
few. The species with such wide spreadrecords are considered to be cosmopolitan in distribution.
5) This fossil fauna is more closely
related to the California (Santa Barbara
and Santa Monica) Pleistocene fauna,
which is ,-ery similar to the Recent
fauna of the Queen Charlotte Islands
oi Canada. than to that of the Jizodu
formation (Pleistocene) of Chiba Prefec-

145

Bryozoa from the Daishaka Formation (Pliocene)
Table ll.

Geographic Distribution of Bryozoa from the Daishaka
Formation, Aomori Prefecture.

~~
Distribution
_ __

,

:

Frequency

Genus and Species
A/embranipora I ubt:rc/1/ate Bose
' ,lJem. lm:roxii AupoutN
Mem. osburui CA:-<V & BAs..<;Lt':R
El/isina sp.
Cmwpeum barbar•·nsis GABB & HoRN

I

A.ntropora japonica (C.-.Nu & BASSLER).-!11/. fUII)[UCu/a (CANU & BASSLER).-lnt. elongala KATAOKA, n. sp.
Ant. tlaislwlwensis KATAOKA, n. sp.
Ant. lurlaii KATAOKA, n. sp.
~--ui,~k~i~~~;·~~---·---.............

c -- - - - *- - *H - - *
- - **RR*---*

Alderina lumzmcai KATAOKA, n. sp.
Crassinurrgi1urle/a kuma/ae (OKADA)
Crass. parvim•icularia KATAOKA. n. sp.
Rosseliana shibatai SAt<AI<Ut~A!llicroporina artiwlala (FABRICIUs)
Celtaria Prmctala (BusK)
Cella ria divarcala MAcGt LLVIIA v
Fig/aria? ortmmmi Stu:.ON
Puellina imwminala Coven
Puellina heermani GABB & HcmN

R

- *

A

- - - - - - * - * - - * -

R

- - *

R

A
R

*-

R

* - -

R

R

I

VA

*-

Puellina radiata !\''lULL.
Cyclioco/posa per/usa CANU & BASSLER
Coleopora lsugarucnsis KATAOKA. n. sp.
Col. tsugarm:nsis masudai K .. n. subsp.
Petraliella asanoi KATAOI<A. n. sp.

Exodr('/[a sp.

BAsst.~:rl

BASSLER

-*-

- *

-I

R

R
R
R

VA

- - *

- *
- *-

c

- - *- - - - - *** -I

R
R
R
R

I
---------- ·--------. ------------------- .. -------- . ---------------------

Srh. cfr. lorquata CANU &

----

H

C(mlorhamphas porosus (CANU & BAssu·:r~)Caul. disjunctus CANU & BAsSLER
Cranosina sp.
Callopora cwmi Su.f.:NDakaria sp.
llippodiplosia Per/usa (EsPE!l)
Scldzomm•el!a oi'Oiclt'fl CANIJ &- - - - - - -I- * - -'

I

- *
--~

----- -. -----------

-~

- *-

*A

c
R

R
R

R

*

* -

- * -

}un KATAOKA

14(jDistribution
Frequency
Genus and SpeciesI

R - - - - * * - - - - - - * - - - -Microporella cfr. mliforuica HtNCKS
lt/ic. cfr. riliata LJNNAEUS
Parella purprea ] ULLI EN
Parella kurilensis 1\IAWATARI
Rhamp/wstomella sollers CANU & BAssu;R

R
R

C

-

1

*-

R

Rymulostoma ~ sp.
Smitlina porifera (HtNCKS)
Sm. areola/a CANU & BAsSLER
l~rrasmitlina trispinosa (JoHSSTo~)/'. tr~~~i~U:~(~-~~~~i-~al~- (CANU & BAssLER)•-•-"--

R
1

R I R
1

C

JR

-

* -

* -

- * * ** * * * - -- - - - - - • *lrispiuosa 11itida (I-liNCKS)! R/'. trisp. aomoricnsis KATAOKA, n. subsp. I R
Perigastrella spinossima major (llJNCKs)
R
llo/oporeila cfr. sermtirostris 1\L-\CGILLVRAY R,lfyriozoum subgracile o"ORBIGNY
VA- - - -/'.

Uchenopora radiata SAVIGNY & AunomN
Liclzenopora buslti HARMER
Actinopora japonim CANU & BASSI.EI~/Jerenicea sarniensis (NoRMAN)

- *-

*-

- - *
- *
A

- *

-,
-I

- -I

*- *- - - -*--- • *-----*-- -*VA:- Very abundant. more than 20 specimens, A:- i\ bundant, more than 10 specimens,
C :-Common, more than 5 specimens, R :-Rare, less than 4 specimens.
Locality number;-(!) jamaica (l'vliocene), (2) Panama Canal Zone (Pliocene). (3) South
Carolina (Pliocene). North America.
'1-8. Pleistocene ;-(4) Jiz6d6 formation, B6s6 Peninsula. Chiba Prcfl'cture. japan,(5)Santa Barbara. California. (6) Santa Monica, California, (7) Panama
Canal Zone. (!!) South Carolina.
9-19. Recent ;-(9) Cosmopolitan, (10) Tsugaru Strait, (11) Mutsu Bar. (12) 1\urile
Islands to Northeast Hokk::titlo, (13) Queen Charlotte Islands, l'acitic
Coast of Canada. (1 J) Arctic l~egion, (15) Toyama Bay, Sea of japan,(16) Kii and lzu Peninsulas. (17) Tsushima Strait, (18) Philippine
Islands, (19) Hawaiian Islands.

ture. Unfortunately there are no knO\\·n
Neogene bryozoan faunas trom the Pacific borderland, thus comparison could
not be made.
II) The abundant species of the present
fauna are commonly found in the cold

water fauna from the 1\urile Islands.
7) The known bathymetric distribution of the Bryozoa occurring in the
Daishaka formation is giYen in Table
Ill, from which it may be inferred thatthe bathymetric distribution of the fos-Bryozoa from the Daishaka Formation (l'liocenc)
Table II I.

147

Bathymetri<.: Distribution of the Identified Bryozoa Fossils.

Specific ;-.;ameHange in Depth (in meter~)
58-10:~

Anlrnj>ora la11gunt!a (CA:-;u and BAs..<sLER)
Ca/lipora canui SILE:-1
Crassimargiuatella kumalae (OKA nA)
Fig/aria? ortmmmi Su.E!>:
Jlicroporiua arlinl!ala (f.\BHICIUS)
Cellaria ftuuctala (BusK)
Holloj>orclla serratirostris MAcGILLVRAY
Parasmittina lrispinosa (JoHNSToN)
Smitlina porifera (!liNCKs)
Micropore/la cilia/a (LIN:-;AEUS)(Philippines)
100-600
U7-100100-600 (Sagami Bay. japan)

uG-12318-12036- 90100 (Toyama Bay, japan)
34-15025 (Onagawa Bay, japan)
110 (Tsugaru Strait, Japan)
54-1445·1-144

Licheuopora rudiala SAVIGNY & At:DOUIN
Lichcuopora lmski HARMER

si Is is shallower than 100m.
From the forgoing characters. it may
be inferred that the Bryozoan faunaof the Daishaka !ormation is typicallynorthern in aspect and of shallow waterorigin. The fauna seems to correspondto one influenced by the Oyashio Cur·rent, probably such as now living off
the coast of eastern Hokkaido to Kurile
Islands.
The shallow water condition in which
the fauna lived corresponds well withthe lithologic characters of the Daishaka sediments. which consist of coarse
clastics quite free from argillaceous
materials.
The above-stated views agree. in general. with the results obtained by S.
1\o:-.Il:RA and K. ll.nAI (1\l36. 19-!0) fromtheir studies on the moll usc an fauna.
With regard to the thermal condition
which governed the bryozoan fauna, thewriter is in the opinion that may havebeen more or less similar to the southern coast oi Hokkaido or slightly cooler than the seas adjacent to thewestern and northern parts o[ Aomori
Prefecture. This Yiew is also in good

agreement with that obtained by K.
AsANo, S. NoMuRA and 1\. BATAt.
The bryozoan fauna of the Daishaka
formation shows similarity with thefossil fauna of the northwestern coastof America particularly to the Pleistocene of Santa Barbara and Santa l\lonica
in California and the Recent fauna of
Canada. The above-stated fact coincides
with the evidence afforded by the foraminiferal fauna, that is. K. AsAI\o(1938) stated that the Piloccne foraminiferal fauna of the japan Sea Provinceshows affinity \Vilh the fauna of the
Pliocene and Pleistocene of the west
coast of North America.

Description of ~tw Species

Family IIicksinidae CANu and
BASSLER.

1927

Genus Jlntropom NoRM.-\N, 1903.-lntropora elongata KATAoKA. n. sp.
I'Ia te 22. hgu re 8.

Thezoarium

encrusts shell

frag-

148

]un KATAOKA

ments. The zooecia distinct, separated
by thin and sharp ridge of mural rim.
subrectangular in form, much elongatedin outer zooecia (distalwarcl).
The
opesia is elliptical or oval. There area pair of small avicularium with raised
rim around its orifice placed in distal
corner of zooecium.
The proximal
cryptocyst developed in later zooecia;
olocystal fine and granulated. The ovicell not present.
!Jimensions:Zooecia
Lz=l. 0-0.8 mm.
lz =0. 34-0.33 mm.

Opesiaho=0.5mm.
lo =0. 3-0.32 mm.

Remarks :-This species resembles.llembranipora lacro:r:ii Au !loUIN (l82G), butdiffers from it in the presence of distal
avicularia and by not having tubercles.
Ant roj)(}ra !angucu!a (CANu and BAssLER)(1929), differs from this species in its
dimensions and by the presence of raised rim of avicularia.
Cotype :-IGI'S. coli. cat. no. 77394.
Antropora daishalwensis KATAOKA, n. sp.
Plate 22, Figure 7.

The zoarium encrusts shell fragments. The zooecia distinct and contact through mural rim with surrounding zooecia, its form oblong oval. The
mural rim is smooth and the greaterpart occupied by avicularia and ovicell.
There are three avicularia in eachzooecia. two of which arc at distal corner of zooecia, their form is small fusiform. and beak is directed towards thezooecial axis: the other avicularium
large and placed at proximal part ofzooecia along the mural rim. hookedform, like cf.rl!opora amui SILEN, 1941.
The opesium occupies almost whole
zooecia. oval. The uvicell is hyperstomial and ornamented with transversal ribs.

Dimensions:Zooccia
Lz=0.63 mm.
lz=O. 2-0. 5 mm.

Opesiaho=O. 3-0.5 mm.
lo=0.2 mm.

Remarlls :-The present specimens differ from Au/ropora japonica (CANu and
BAssLER) (1929). by the presence of proximal avicularium of large form and1ittle elongated zooecial form. and also
from Cal/opora canui SILE!< (19·11) by thepresence of distal avicularia at thecorner of zooecia.
ffolotype:-IGPS. coli. cat. no. 77395.

tllltropora /iataii KATAOKA, n. sp.
Plate 22, Figure 4.

The zoarium encrusts pectinid shellfragments. The zooecia distinct, adjacent through mural rim, elongated suboblong. 1\·Iural rim in distal part ofzooecia, hyperstomial oviccll. little
raised, rectangular, finely granulated,olocystal anterior, with transversal slit.
The opesia is generally oval but somc1imes fusiform by depression of surrounding zooecia. The gymnocyst issmall in proximal part of zooecia. The
two small fusiform avicularia placedat distral part of mural rim, and its
beak is directed towards the zooecial
axes.
Dimensio11s :Zooeda
Lz=O. 8-0.9 rnm.
lz=O. l-0. 5 mm.

Opcsialo=O. 5-0. 8 mm.
wo=O. 3 mm.

Remar/?s :-This new species resembles Antropora lowei (CANu and BAssLER)(1920). but differs from it by it measurements and form of ovicell. Autropora/augucula (CANU and BAssLr:R) (1!129) differs from this species by the presenceof zooecial furrow and ornamentationof the ovicell surface. Autropom elougafa KATAoKA n. sp. differs from thisBryozoa from the Daishaka Formation (Pliocene)

species by its much elongated zooecial
form and broad g~·mnocyst. This new
species also differs from :lnlropora langucula (CANU and BAssLER) (1929), by
the presence of a slit on the anterior
part of the ovicell.
Cotype:-IGJ'S. coli. cat. no. 77376.
Family Calloporidae NoRMAN, 1903
Genus Alderina NoRMAN, 1903
Alderina lumzmcai KATAoKA, n. sp.
Plate 22, Figure I.

The zoarium encrusts molluscan shellfragments. The zooccia are distinct,
separated by deep furrows. sub-elliptical mural rim well developed andstrong, elevated. no trace of spine. little crenulatcd. The opesia is oval.
The ovicell is hyperstomial and phcedon the convex olocystal gymnocyst of
distal zooecium. The form of the ovicell is semiglobular and its frontal is
olocystal. The orifice of ovicell opens
upon the distal end of opesia.
Dimensions:Zooecia
Lz=0.6mm.
lz=O. 3-0.4 mm.

Opesiaho=0.4 mm.
lo=O. 2-U. 3 mm.

Ovicell
Iov=O. 2-0.25 mm.
wov=O. 3-0. 2 mm.

Remarks:- This new species is referred to the named genus by the absenceof embedded ovicell and interzooccial
tuberosity. The characters distinguishing this species from the others of thegenus A!derina arc mentioned in thedescription.
Holotype:-IGPS. coli. cat. no. 77397.
Genus Crassimarginatella CANU, 1900
Crassimm:f!ilmlel/a pan,imJiculatia
KATAoKA, n. sp.

149

Pia te 22. Figure 2.

The zoarium encrusts molluscan fragments. The zooecia distinct. separated
by deep furrows between mural rims.
subcircular or elliptical. The mural
rim salient. sharp, finely granulated.
olocystal. gymnocyst present in somezooecia. The interzooecial avicularium
is a little smaller than the ordinary
zooecia and elliptical, with trace of
pivot, mural rim of a\·icularia elevatedfrom zooecial gymnocyst and separated
from surrounding zooccia by shallow
furrows.
The oviccll hyperstomial.
small and globular. placed on thegymnocyst of distal zooecia and elevated from mural rim, its surface olocystal.
Dimensions:Zooecia
Lz=O. 4-0. 5 mm.
lz=O. 3 mm.

Opcsia

Lo=O. 2-0.3 mm.
lo=O. IH-0. 2 mm.

A\·icularia

Ovic<·ll

LaY=O. 1 mm.

Lov=O. 18 mm.
lov=O. 2 mm.

Remarl~s:-This species differs from
Crassimm'f!inatella crassimarginala (II 1:-;CKs) (1880), by the smaller micrometricmeasurements and smaller intcrmoecial avicularia. Crassinwrginatella pusilla(CANU and BAsSLER) (1920). differs fromthis species by the larger micrometricmacsurement and form of its ovicell.
Cotype :-IGPS. col I. cat. no. 77398.

Family Petraliidae LEVINSEN, 1909
Genus Colrwpora C."-NU & BAssLER, 1927
Co!eojJOra tsugaruensis KA-rAoJ<A, n. sp.
!'late 22, Figure 6.

The zoarium encrusts pectinid shellfragments. The zooecia distinct. separated by a furrow. oval (little elongated).
The peristome well developed,

150

Jun KATAOI<A

peristom icc subrectangular. trace ofspine present on pcristome (about ti).
The aperture embedded in the pcristomice, semicircular. The ovicell l'Jllbedded in the distal zooecia and its
front rising up from ordinal zooecial
front, globose.
The frontal convex
tremocystal. avicularia and vibracula
not present.

Dimensions:Zooecia
Lz=U. 3-0. Gmm.
lz=0.35mm.

l'erb to mice
wpcr=O. 1:! 111111.
lpcr=O. l mm.

Remarks :-c.~~u and BAssLER (19~9)
pointed out that this genus is a shallow
water type. At Uaishaka Coleopora tsugamcnsis KATAoi<A. n. sp. and Coleopora/suganwnsis masudai KATAoKA, n. subsp.
are very abundant. This fact showsthat this fossil fauna lived in a shallow
water condition.
Cotype .·- IGPS. coli. cat. no. 11399.

Zooe<.:ia
Lz=O. 5-0. 7 mm.

Peristom icc
hper=O. I mm.

lz=O. 8.!-0. :~:{ 111111.

lp=O.l-O.l:~ mm.

Rcmarl~s: This subspecies shows awider range of variation than Coleopora
lsugaruensis KATAOKA, n. sp. in the dimensions. form of zooccia, and presenceof expansion of proximal side of peristomice, but agrees in all other characters with the species. For such reasons the author distinguishes the present specimens from the species. The
species shows stable characters contrary to the instable ones of the subspecies. This feature is thought tohave bearing on the evolution of thisgroup.
llolotype:-IGPS. coli. cat. no. 11-100.

Genus Petraliella CANll & lhssLEH. 1927

Petraliella asanoi KATAOKA. n. sp.
Plate 22. figur(' 5.

Coleopora /suf.[aruensis masudai
KATA<>KA.

n. subsp.

Plate 22. figure 3.

The zoarium encrusts pectinid shellfragments. The £ooecia distinct, separated by a furrow. which is larger andmore widely oval compared with thespecies. The frontal tremocystal. convex, dimensions of each ;moecia variable. The aperture embedded in theperistomicc. semicircular. Peristomiceespecially on proximal part, elongated.
l\lural spine (4-fi ?) present on the sideof peristomire. The ovicells embedded
in distal zooecia, never closed by operculum. its frontal tremocystal. and rising from distal zooecia, globose. The
a\·icularia and the vibracula not present.
Dimensions:-

The zoarium encrusts pectinid shellfragments. The zooecia distinct. separated by furrow which is deep incurved zooccial front and shallow inflat zooecial front. The form of zooecia
is subhexagonal. its length shorter than
the width. The frontal is trcmocystal.
The aperture is semilunar. two lyruladeveloped and placed in the proximal
corner of aperture except in some zooecia. The direction of avicularian
beak obliquely cro~ses the axes of zooecial developement in almost all zooecia. but in a few zooecia it (directionof avicularian beaks) crosses transversally the axes.
The ovicell absent.
Swollen peristomice is very characteristic.
J)imension.~:-Zooecia

Aperture

Lz=O. -15-U. 5 mm.

wa=O. 2-0. 17 mm.

lz=O. 35-0. 4 mm.

la=O. 1 mm.

151

Bryozoa from the Daishaka Formation (Pliocene)
Avicularia
Jav=O.l mm.
wav=O. 07-0. 05 mm.

Compare with:
1929 CANU and BAsSELER, U.S. Nat. 11/us.,
Bull. 100, vol. 9. p. 3•10.

Remarks:- This species is very characteristic in its swollen peristomice as
above described and is thus easily distinguished from the known species ofthis genus (Petraliella).
Cotype :- IGPS. coli. cat. no. 77401.

Description:-The zoarium encrusts ashell fragment. The zooecia distinct,
separated by salient furrow, oblong
rectangluar and sometimes fusiform ot~
irregular in form. The frontal almost
flat. pleurocyst finely granulated, areolar pores placed in marginal part oi
zooecia. The aperture orbicular, andlyrula is narrow. two distal spines arepresent in some zooecia. The avicularia
obliquely crossing axes of zooecia, andslender. The oviccll present in somezooecia but broken in others. hyperstomial.
The peristomice developed
especially in proximal part.
Dimensions:-

Family Exochella BAsSLER, 1935
Genus Exoche/la ]uLLIEN, 1888
Exoclze/la sp. indet.
Plate 22, Figure 10.

The zoarium encrusts pectind shellfragments. The zooecia distinct, separated by salient furrow, elliptical andwith projection of avicularia area, zooecia serial in arrangement. The frontal is convex and olocystal with eight
to eleven marginal areolar pores. The
aperture is circular or subcircular withproximal pores, lyrula and condyle notpresent. The avicularia occur in aside of zooecia transversal. The ovicell
absent in the specimens.
Dimensions :Zooccia
Lz=O. 31-0.38 mm.
lz=O.l!J-0. 25 mm.

Aperture
la=O. 06 mm.
ha=O. 06-0. 05 mm.

Remarks:- The general structure of
the specimens is I ike Exochella lmlgistris ]uLur-:N 1888, but differs from it by
the dimensions of zooecia and the formof aperture.

Zooecia
Lz=0.6 mm.
lz=O. 25-0. 31 mm.

Remarks :-The obi iquely directedbeak of avicularia is characteristic of
this variety. In the Daishaka formation, this species and its varieties arevery abundant.
CANu and BAssi.ER.
pointed out that the ascendant avicularia of Parasmittina trispinosa are moreabundant in the northern seas while thedescendant avicularia occur more frequently in the equatorial seas and thatthe typical form is frequent in thetemperate zone. The common occurrence of the species and its varieties
indicate that the Daishaka formation\vas deposited under a condition typicalof the northern temperate zone.
Jlolotype:-lGPS. col!. cat. no. 77402.

Family l\lucronell idae LEviNsEN, 1902
Genus Parasmittina OsBuRN, 1952
Parasmittina trispinosa (JoHNsToN)
aomoriensis KATAOKA, n. subsp.
Plate 22, Figure 9.

Peristomice
lp=O. 075-0. 1 mm.
hp=0.12-0. 13 mm.

References
AsANO. K. (193!!), On ~orne Pliocene Forami·

nifera from the Setana Beds. Hokkaido.
]ap.]our. Ceo/. Geogr., vof. 15. pp. 87-103.
BASSLER,R. S. (1953). Treatise on Invcrte-

jun MTAOKA

152

bra te Paleontology. Part G, Bryozoa.
pp. 1-253, figs. 1-175.
CANU, F. and R. S. BASSLER (1920), North
American Early Tertiary Bryozoa. U.S.
Nat. Mus., Bull. 102, pp. 1-253, pis. 1103, lcxt·figs. 1-279.
- - and - - (1923). North American Later
Tertiary and Quarternary Bryozoa. U.S.
Nat. liJus .. Bull. 125, pp. l-2<14. pis. 1-47,
text-figs. 1-38.
- - and - - (1929), Bryozoa from the Philippine Region. U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull.
100, vol. 9, pp. 1-199, pis. 1-94.
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HATAI, K. (1938), The Tertiary and Ret:ent
Brachiopod of Northeast Japan. Saito
Ho-011 Kai 1Hus., Res. Bull., 110. 16, pp.
89-2·1G, pis. lG-20.
lMAIZUMI, R. (1949). Geology of the Eastern
Border of the Hirosaki Basin, Aomori
Prefecture. Abstrad of the Annual
Meeting of the Geological Society ofjapan (in japanese). four. Ceo/. Soc.

]ajJa11, t•o/. LY, IIOS. 248-249, p. 182.

MAWATARI. S. (1952), Bryozoa of Kii Peninsula. Pub!. Se/o Mar. Lab .. ll (2), pp.
lGl-287, pl: XII.
- - (1956). Cheilostomatous Bryozoa fromthe Kurile Islands and the Neighbouring Districts. Pac. Sci., z•ol. 10, 110. 2,
pp. 113-135.
OKADA, Y. (1923), On a Collection of Bryozoa
from the Northern Kurile Expedition.
Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. ]apa11, vol. 4, no. 3,
pp. 213-216.
- - (1928). Cyclostomatous Bryozoa of Mutsu Bay. Sci. Rep. Tolwku Imp. U11iv.,
4/lt ser., vo/. 3, no. 4, ji1sc. 1, pp. 481-t!J!i, pl. 2-1.
(1928), Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of Mutsu Bay. Ibid., I'(J/. 4, 1w. 1, fasc. 1, pp.
11-35, pis. 1-5.
'
- - and S. MAWATAnr (1937), On the Collection of Bryozoa along the Coast of Onagawa Bay and its Vicinity, the Northern Part of Honshu, Japan. Ibid., t•ol.
1 I, no ..J, pp. 43a-H5, pl. 11.
No.MunA, S. and K. liATAl (1935), Pliocene

Explanation of Plate 22(All enlarged 30 times)

Fig.

1.

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

5.

I

Fig.

G.

Fig. 7.
Fig. 8.
Fig.

9.

Fig. 10.

tllderina haneawai KATAOKA, n. sp. llolotype, IGPS.* coli. cat. no. 77397. A portionof zoarium with ovicelled zooecia.
Crassimarginatel/a pan•im•icularia KATAOKA, n. sp. Cotype, IGPS. coli. cat. no. 77398.
Unilamcllar zoarium with intcrzooecial avicularia.
Coleopol'll /sugaruensis ma.~udai KATAOKA. n. subsp. Holotype, IGPS. coli. cat. no.
77400. A portion of zoarium, showing the variation of zooecial form.
,Jntropora hataii KATAOKA, n. sp. Cotype, IGPS, coli. cat. no. 77396. A portion of
zoarium, showing the ovicells with transversal slit.
Pelraliella asanoi KATAOKA, n. sp. Cotype, IGPS. coli. cat. no. 77401. A portion of
zoarium.
Coleopora /sugamensis KATAOKA, n. sp. Cotypc, lGPS. coli. cal. no. 77399. A portionof zoarium .
.tl.ntropora daislwkaeusis KATAOKA, n. sp. Holotype, IGPS. coli. cat. no. 77395. A
portion of ovicl'lled zoarium.
.·lnlropora elongata KATAOKA, n. ~p. Cotype, IGPS. coli. cat. no. 77394. A portionof zoarium. showing curved zooeda.
Parasmilli11a trispinosa aomoriensis KATAOKA, n. subsp. Holotypc. IGPS. coli. cat. no.
77402. A portion of zoarium, showing obliquely directed avicularia.
E:rochella sp. indet. A portion of r.oarium.

* IGPS=abbrevation for Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Tohoku University, Senclai.

]. KATAOKA:

Pliocene Bryozoa

Photo. by K. KuMAGAI

Plate 22

Bryozoa from the Daishaka Formation (Pliocene)
Mollusca from the Daishaka Shell-Beds
in the Vicinity of Daishaka. Aomori
Prefecture. Saito Ho-011 Kai .ll!us.. Res.
Bull., 110. 6. pp. 83-142, pis. !J-13.
SAKAKUUA. K. (1935), Pliocene and Pleistocene Bryozoa from the H()s6 Peninsula.
(I) 1. Bryozoa of the Jiz6d6 Beds. four.
Fac. Sci. Imp. U11iv. Tollyo, Sec. 2, r•ot. ·1.
pt. 1' pp. 1-48, pis. 1-7.
(1935), Bryozoa from Toyama Bay, Sea

153

of japan. AIIIIOI. Zoo!. japan, r·ol. 15, no.
1. pp. 106-117, pl. 8.
SJLEN, L. (1941), Cheilostomatous Anasca(Bryozoa) collected by Prof. Dr. Sixten
BocK's Expedition to japan and theBonin Islands, 1914. A.rkiv fur Zoo/., Bel.
33 a. no. 12, pp. 1-130, pis. 1-9.
STACH, L. W. (1936). Correlation of Zoarial
Form with Habitat. four. Ceo/., t•ol.
XLIV, pp. 60-65.

l5cJ

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF JAPAN

fEJ;;f;:i!i'±~~~~ 67 (!)jf9l}$<J 19571f 9 il 28 13;J;(f.l:7>:!1f.:OO~mH&a~.rt~n=.~" ·--ct.mflli Lt.:

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1. f~A!~I'j:I~~O)~i~"f'itlfl:."?1. ·--c ······~·'Oit~f.!ll
2. Yabeina from Omura Island, Shima ..... .
... Nobuo YAMAGIWA and Ken'ichi Isnn
3. Note on Verbeekitw splwera OzAwA andits phylogenetic Position (ftlt't) ........ .
......... Kametoshi KANMERA and T. SUGI
4. Fusulinids from the Maizuru Zone,
Part I, Ozawainellinae, Schubert.el·lininae and Neoschwagerininae ........... .
....................................... Yasuo NoGAMJ
5. On some terebratuloids from Middle
Jurassic Naradani Formation in Shikoku, Japan ((~~) ......... Akira ToKUYAMA
6. On some tercbratuloids from Late
Jurassic Torinosu Series in Sikoku,
Japan (ftitll) ............... Akira ToKUYAMA
7. Indigenous Aturia and some Tropical
Gastropods from the Miocene of Wa·
kasa. West Japan ..................... Teiichi
KoBAYAsm and Masuoki lloRIKOSHI
8. New fossil Cltlamys from the Environsof Nagano City, Japan (ftiffl) ........... .
.............................. Masohiko AKIYAMA
9. On the so-called A.twdara lrilineata(CoNRAD) from N. E. Japan-Studies of
Anadara of Japan (Pt. 1) (ft!m) ........ .
.. ................. .. . ... ........ ...... ... Shigeru AoKI
10. On some Miocene Boring Shells ........ .
.................................... Junji ITOIGAWA

11. *lf.l!l!:F'3!1lim0) Spondy/us J.:itl.. •-c (ftili'l)............................................... X!IIJ'I§?,
cfr.

12. lfE 1)81lJ, .!!* illli 'f ~1; ~ "Preisseusia"/auceo/ata (Sow.) 1:."?1.. ·:C (ftift) ........ .

................................................
13. A Review~"JJEi;)\on the Liassic so-called"Cyrenoids" in Japan (ft!Wt) .............. .
....................................... Itaua IIAYAMI
H. Some Hettangian Pelecypods from the" Trigonia-sandstone" of the Shizukawa Group in Northeast Japan (ftJI'Z) ...
. ...................................... Itaru liAYAMr
15. ~IJii.~Q)talJ~!ll~.ll'f.jlg Myophoria 1:."?1, '""C
( f ~!Wl) ....................................... ~llpfij;f;n
16. Occurrence of the Rifu-faunule from
the Maizuru Zone ...... Keiji NAKAZAWA
17. "Jl!onophyllites" arakurensis n. sp. from
Triassic Arakura Formation in the
Maizuru Zone ............... Keiji NAKAYAWA
18. Hevision of Osmunda brome/iaefo/ioides
MATSUO from the Miocene Bed in theNote Peninsular, Inner-side of Central
Japan (~~) ............... Ilidekuni MATSUO
19. Electron-microscopic Fine Structure of
Fossil Diatom, V. Observation on someDiatoms found in an American Commercial Diatomite "Celatom" ............ .
.......................................... Haruo 0KUNO
20. A new Pliocene Venericardia from Aomori Prefecture CftM't) ..................... ,..
. . . .. .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . Kiyotaka CIIINZEI
21. Two Carboniferous Corals from the
Kitakami Mountains, Northeast lionshu, .Japan ({~lti'l) ............................... .
......... Masao MJNATO and Makoto KATO
22. Short Note on Lonsdaleoides tomiYllmai
MJNATO (ftl!i'l) ................................... .
......... Masao MJNATO and Makoto KATOnM------------

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Palaeontological Society of Japan, Special Papers
Number 1. Bibliography of Japanese Palaeontology and Related Sciences. 1941-1950, by Riuji
ENDO, pp. 1-71, 1951.
Number 2. Matajiro YoKOYAl\IA's The Pliocene and Later Faunas from the Kwanto Regionin Japan, revised by Isao TAKI and Katsura OYAMA, pp. 1-68, 49 plates, 1954.
Number 3. Matajiro YoKoYAMA's Tertiary Fossils from various Localities in Japan, Part 1,
revised by Jiro MAKIYAMA, pp. 1-4, 24 plates, 1957.

Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan
Old Series
Number 1, 1935, Transactions.
1. Tsuneteru OINOMIKADO: Some Molluscan Remains from the Pleistocene Deposits
ol the Kwanto Region ..........................................................................................
1
2. Yanosuke 0TUKA: SerriPes in Japan ............. ........... ..........................................
5
3. Seido ENDO: A Pleistocene Flora of Japan as an Indicator of Climatic Condition...
9
4. Teiichi KoBAYASHI: Restudy on Alanc!mroceras with a Brief Notes on the Classification of Endoceroids .......................................................................................... 2·i
5. Takumi NAGAO: Desmostylus mirabilis nov. from Saghalin ................................. 43
Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . 46
Number 2, 1936, Transactions.
6. Saburo OISHI: A Note on E11ge!lurrdtia Genus, and its Occurrence in the Palaeo·gene of Korea ......................................................................................................
1
Number 3, 1936, Transactions.
10. Shigeyasu ToKUNAGA and Fuyuji TAKA!: On a Fossil Elephant, Palaeoloxodo11
aomoriensis from Shichinohe. Kamikita-gun, Aomori Prefecture, Japan ............... 25
Number 4, 1936. Transactions.
17. Tokio SHIKAMA: On the Genus Paraslegodmt ...................................................... 62
Number 5, 1936, Transactions.
22. Shitihei NoMURA and Kotara HAT AT: The Geologic Significane of the Recent
Mollusca from the Vicinity of Ishinomaki, Rikuzen ............................................. 109

New Series
Number 1, 1951, Transactions.
192. Masao MINATO: Some Carboniferous Corals from Southwest Japan ..................
1
193. Teiicci KoBAYASHI and Koichiro IcHIKAWA: On Pa!aeoplwrus, a Late Triassic
Pelecypod Genus . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 7
HH. Tokio SmKAMA: Palaeogene Mollusca from South Nagana-ken ........................ 13
195. Seido ENno: Sequoia from South Manchuria, oldest in the World ..................... 17196. Tatsuro MATSUMOTO: A Note on the Pachydiscinae, a Cretaceous Ammonitegroup ..... .... .... ............... ..... ..... .................... ...... ..... ..... .... .... ... ... .......... ... ....... ...... 19
Proceedings . .. .... . . . ... .. . . . . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. ... .. .. .... .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
.. ...... . .... .... ...... .. ... 27
Number 2, 1951. Transactions.
197. Takayasu Ucmo: New Species and Genus of the Cenozoic Formations in the
Middle Part of the Boso Peninsula, Chiba-ken ...................................................... 33
Number 3, 1951, Transact ions.
201. Shigeo MuRATA: The Occurrence of the Genus Cyc!amina in the Tertiary of
Kyushu ............................................................................................................... 65
Number ·1, 1951. Transartions.
206. Wataru IcHIKAWA: Fossil Diatoms found in the Kayama Clayshale on the
Outskirts of Kanazawa City ................................................................................. 97
Number 5, 1952, Transactions.
209. .Tiro MAKJYAMA: On the Mutation of Fossil Glycymeris rotunda ........................ 131
Number G, 1952, Transactions.
213 Yasuhiko KAl\IADA: On Some Species of Cyclina from Japan and Korea ............... 167
Number 7, 1952, Transactions.
217. Takayasu UcHio: An Interesting Relation between Stomatorbina DoRREEN,1948,
and 1Wssissippina HowE, 1930, of ['oraminifera ..................................................... 195
Number 8, 1952, Transactions.
222. Yudzuru 0GURA: A Fossil Palm in Kenroku Park at Kanazawa ........................ 223
Number 9, 1953, Transactions.
227. Toshimasa TANAI: Note on some Plant Fossils from Ennichi (Yongil) Groupin Southern Korea, II ............................................. .............................................
1