Records and Descriptions of North American Crane-Flies (Diptera). Part III.
Tipuloidea of the Upper Gunnison Valley, Colorado
Charles P. Alexander
American Midland Naturalist, Vol. 29, No. 1. (Jan., 1943), pp. 147-179.
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Records and Descriptions o f North American
Crane-Flies (Diptera)'
Part Ill. Tipuloidea of the Upper Gunnison Valley, Colorado
Charles P. Alexander

I n the present report are discussed the partial results of extensive collectionsof l'ipuloidea that were taken in the vicinity of Gothic, Gunnison Co., Colorado, in 1934, chiefly by Mrs. Alexander and the writer. I t is hoped that wewill be able to make a detailed survey of the crane-flies of the entire Rocky
Mountain system and the western United States and Canada, a study thatwill require a vast amount of work during the next several years. In 1941, in
Wyoming and Colorado, very extensive series of these flies were taken thatwill be discussed in future parts under this general title.

General Account
The so-called "Gothic Area," site of the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, lies in the Gunnison National Forest, Gunnison Co., in west-central Colorado. One of the sources of the Gunnison River, East River, flows through theGothic Area and much of the collecting done at Gothic was along or near
this beautiful mountain stream. East River eventually flows into the Gunnison,
which in turn flows via the Grand River into the Colorado and into the Gulf
of California. All collecting in the area was thus to the west of the Continental
Divide.
The facilities of the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory (Dr. John C.
Tohnson. Director, Crested Butte, Colorado) were made available to us in1934 and we are 'greatly indebted to various members of the staff and student
body of 1934 for much co-operation in our work. Our thanks are extended
to Dr. and Mrs. Johnson, Dr. A. 0.Weese, Dr. and Mrs. George W. Hunter
111, Dr. and Mrs. B. D . Barclay, Dr. Mary F. Howe (Mrs. M . H . Schot:),
Dr. J. Teague Self, and, from the student body, Mr. John D . Hallahan. The
last-named was keenly interested in insect collecting and we are very greatly
1 T h e preceding part under this general title was published in the American Midland
Naturalist 26: 281-319; 1941.
References in the text refer to the bibliography at the conclusion of the generalaccount.
In all cases where no collector is given, the specimens were secured by the author.
Charles P. Alexander.

M. M. Alexander-Mrs.

147

indebted to him for many fine specimens. I n 1935, our former student, Dr.
Inez W. Williams, was an advanced research student at the Laboratory andcollected further extensive series of Tipuloidea, these including the only specimen of the primitive family of Tanyderidae ever taken in the area.
The brief account of Gothic prepared for the annual announcement of theLaboratory is so excellent that I am taking the liberty of quoting part of it.
T h e Gothic A r e a comprises about a half million acres of virgin territory, almost
uninhabited. There are numerous high mountains, rivers and streams, lakes, bogs, swamps,
mountain and alpine meadows and regions of perpetual snow. T h e great range in elevation (8,000 to 14,000 feet) makes for great diversity in fauna and flora and offers
examples of many different ecological communities.
In 1930 the U. S. Forest Service set aside the "Gothic Natural Area," in the
Gunnison National Forest, a permanent research tract of about 905 acres, not far fromthe laboratory. Of this area some 500 acres is a virgin spruce-fir forest, while the other
400 acres is composed of alpine meadows, marshland and open grassy parks.

The remarkably rich environment of tlie Rocky Mountain Biological
Laboratory, in conjunction with a spiendid staff, makes this area an ideal one
for the study of the insect fauna in many groups, still almost unworked.
Mrs. Alexander and I arrived at Gothic on July Ist, 1934 and remained
until August 8th. The general altitude of the laboratory and immediate vicinity is 9,500 feet; collections were made up the sides of Gothic Mountain toover 10,000 feet; Mount Avery to above 10,000 feet; along Copper Creek toabove Judd Falls; up the Gothic Valley along East River to Emerald Lake,
10,500 feet; and in the Biological Forest, or "Gothic Natural Area," at about
10,000 feet.
One restricted area across East River from our cottage (Bellevue Cottage)
was made the base for special study. This occupies a swampy area with considerable growth of Eqelmann's Spruce, Picea Engelmannii (Parry) Engelmann,and Alpine Fir, Abies lasiocarpa (Hooker) Nuttall, together with other characteristic platits of this association, including Equisetum, Saxifraga arguta
Don., Swertia palustris A . Nels., Gentiana elegans A . Nels., and Lonicera
involt~crataBanks.
The stations in the Upper Gunnison Valley where collections were madelie in the upper Canadian life zone and in the lowest Hudsonian. The slopesof the mountains and the vicinity of Emerald Lake are definitely higher Hudsonian. N o collections were made outside of these two zones. Following theclassification of the United States into the physical divisions adopted by
Fenneman and co-workers (Fenneman, 1931), the Gothic Area falls in theSouthern Rocky Mountain Province of the Rocky Mountain System.
I n addition to the species recorded at this time, there still remain a considerable number of additional forms that I have not been able to identify
satisfactorily to the present moment. Most of these belong to the genus Tipula,including a vast range of species in western North America.

REFERENCES(VARIOUSAUTHORS)
1941-Climate
and Man. 1941 Yearbook of Agriculture. U. S.
D. A . , pp. 1-1248; Colorado, pp. 798-808, 7 maps.
ASHTON,RUTHE. (MRS.AVENNELSON).
1933-Plantsof Rocky Mountain National
Park. U. S. Printing Office, Dept. Interior, pp. 1-157, 15 pis., 100 text-figs.
CARY,MERRTTT.
191 l-A biological survey of Colorado. North American Fauna No.
3 3 : 1-256, 1 map in colors showing life zones of state; l lpis., 39 text-figs.

COCKERELL,
T. D. A. 1906-The Alpine Flora of Colorado. Amer. Nat. 20:861-873.
COULTER,JOHNM. A N D AVENNELSON.1937-New Manual of Botany of theCentral Rocky Mountains (Vascular plants), pp. 1-646.
of western United States, pp. 1-534, 173
figs.; 1 pocket map.
RAMALEY,
FRANCIS.
1907-Plant
zones in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Science(n. ser.) 26:642-643.
ROBBINS,
W. W. 1917-Native vegetation and climate of Colorado in t h e i ~ relation
to agriculture. Colorado A g r . Expt. Sta. Bull. 2 2 4 : 1-56, 19 figs.

FENNEMAN,NEVINM . 1931-Physiography

Systematic Account

TANYDERIDAE
Protanyderus vipio (Osten Sacken, 1877) .-Gothic, 9,500 ft., July 6,1935 (Inez W . Williams), swept from vegetation alon'g the East River.

PTYCHOPTERIDAE
Ptychoptera pendula Alexander, 1937.-Not uncommon in the Gothic
Area, especially so along a small, clear mountain stream, 10,100 ft., on roadto Emerald Lake, July 12, 1934.

TRICHOCERIDAE
Diazosma st~bsint~ata(Alexander, 1916) .-Gothic,(Hallahan); 9,500 ft., July 23, 1934 (M. M. A . ) .

10,000 ft., July 5, 1934

TIPULIDAE
TIPULINAE

T i p u l a (Bellardina) gothicana sp. nov. - General coloratton of mesonotum buffy yellow, the praescutum with four brown stripes that are narrowly bordered by darker brown; femora brownish yellow, the tips narrowly blackened, preceded by a very vague, obscure yellow, subterminal ring; wings withthe ground color grayish brown, sparsely variegated by darker brown andcream-colored areas; abdominal tergites reddish brown, narrowly darkened
on sides; male hypopygium with the median region of tergite produced into
a conspicuous depressed-flattened lobe, its caudal margin with an oval notch.

8.Length, about 17-19 mm.; wing, 17-20 mm.; antenna, about 3.3-3.5mm.

9 .Length, about 18-19 mm.; wing, 22 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head relatively long, yellowish brown on sides,
darker above; nasus long and slender; palpi brown. Antennae (male) ofmoderate length; scape brownish yellow, pedicel clear light ye!low, flagellumpale brown, the outer segments slightly more darkened; flagellar segments
only weakly incised, with very long conspicuous verticils. Head dark brown,
the front and orbits more brownish gray.
Pronotum brown, paler laterally. Mesonotal praescutum with the groundcolor buffy yellow, with four brown stripes that are narrowly and somewhat
insensibly bordered with darker brown; intermediate stripes confluent on
cephalic third or less, distinctly separated behind, reaching the suture; humeraland antero-lateral portions of praescutum darkened; scutum buffy gray, eachlobe with two conspicuous brown areas, the more mesa1 ones almost touching
one another on the median line; scutellum darkened basally, broadly moreyellow behind, parascutella dark; mediotergite yellow, the cephalic two-thirds
gray pruinose. Pleura and pleurotergite weakly darkened, more or less variegated with paler and darker areas, the latter including the ventral stemopleurite and meron, together with the pleurotergite above the root of halteres.
Halteres with stem brownish yellcw, knob infuscated, its apex yellow. Legs
with coxae grayish brown, the tips pale, the posterior pair somewhat more
intensely darkened; trochanters yellow; femora brownish yellow, the tips
narrowly blackened, preceded by a very vague, obscure yellow, subterminal
ring, the amount of black subequal on all femora; tibiae and basitarsi obscureyellow, the tips dark brown; remainder of tarsi passing into black; tibia1 spur

Fig. 1. Tipula (Bellardina) gothicana sp. n.; male hypopygium.
Figs. 2, 3. Tipula (Lunatipula) barbata Doane; male hypopygium.
(Symbols: b, basistyle; g, gonapophysis; id, inner dististyle; od, outer dististyle;s, sternite; 1, tergite.)formula 1-1-2; claw (male) toothed. Wings with the ground color extensively
grayish brown, restrictedly variegated with darker brown and cream-colored
areas, the darker markings, besides the stigma, including a very small spot at
origin of Rs, two dark areas in outer half of cell M and another at near onethird the length of cell Cu; creamy areas in radial field beyond the stigma
restricted in amount; distal fourth of cell R5 brightened; other pale marginal
spots in medial and cubital fields relatively restricted; veins brown. Numerous
macrotrichia on outer radial veins. becoming. more sDarse on outer medial veins.
Venation: Rs elongate, more than one and one-half times m-cu; cell R3 constricted at midlength; cell 1st M 2 short.
'lAbdominal tergites reddish brown, narrowly darkened on sides; sternites
yellow to obscure yellow; outer segments, including hypopygium, more infuscated. Male hypopygium (Fig. 1 ) relatively large and conspicuous; tergite
fused with sternite. Ninth tergite, 9t, with median portion produced caudad
into a conspicuous depressed-flattened blade, the posterior margin with a deep
but narrow oval notch that is widest at midlength; lateral lobes broadly truncate; tergal blade with numerous setae of moderate length, those adjoining thenotch shorter and more spinous. Mesal face of basistyle with a group of longconspicuous setae. Outer dististyle, ad, larger than the inner, of massive,
irregular form; inner style, id, strongly compressed, the beak small and relatively slender. Gonapophyses appearing as long and slender rods.

, Gothic, 9,500 ft., July 21, 1934 (J. D. Hallahan). AllotopoHalotype,type, p, July 29, 1934 (Alexander). Paratopotypes, 4 8 8,July 17-19, 1934
(Alexander 8 Hallahan).
Tipula (Bellardina) gothicana is closest to T . (B.) subcinerea Doane,from this and all other described species in the strucdiffering conspic~~ousl~
ture of the male hypop~gium,especially the ninth tergite. Several large andhandsome species of Tipula in the Rocky Mountain and Pacific Coast regions
seem best referred to the subgenus Bellardina Edwards, 1931, although theydiffer in certain respects from the subgenotype of the last. These species include
T. (B.) albimacula Doane, 1912; T . (B.) commiscibilis Doane 1912 (contaminata Doane, 1901, preoccupied); T . (B.) faustina Alexander, 1941; T .
(B.) pacifica Doane, 1912; T . (B.) pura Alexander, 1941; T . (B.) ramona
Alexander, 1941; T. (B.) rupicola Doane, 1912; and T. (B.) subcinerea
Doane, 1901, among the described forms. In the Himalayan-Chinese fauna
there is an almost equal development of large and showy species that have beenplaced in a special subgenus Sinotipula Alexander, 1935. With the recent
accession of many new species in Tropical America it appears doubtful whether
the last named group can be maintained as distinct from Bellardina.
Tipula (Yamatotipula) albocaudata Doane, 1901.-Gothic, 9,500 feet,near the river, July 2, 1934; above Gothic, 10,100 feet, along a small mountain stream, July 12, 1934. One male from Logan Caiion, Utah, May 28,
1938 (Bischoff) is considerably darker than the above specimens, especiallyin the wings, but from the structure of the male hypopygium is the same.

Whether T . (Y.) cognata Doane, 1901, will prove to be a synonym of theabove is still in question.
Tzpula (Yamatotipula) continentalis Alexander, 1941.-Gothic, 9,500 ft.,
July 4, 1934; 10,000 ft., July 12 and August 1, 1934. These specimens show
the following range in size: d . Length about 12-14 mm.; wing, 13.5-16 mm.
9 . Length, about 16-18 rnrn.;wing, 15-16 mm.
I have seen other specimens from Three Sisters, Sunshine Shelter, Oregon,
6,000 ft., July 12, 1936 (R. E. Rieder); Oregon State College. These latterare even larger than the above, with the wing pattern more conspicuous, butfrom the structure of the male hypopygium are conspecific.
Tipula (Oreomyzn) serta Loew, 1863.-Gothic,(Hallahan); 11,000 ft., July 4, 1934 (Hallahan).

9,500 ft., July 18, 1934

Tipula (Lunatipula) macrolabis Loew, 1864.-Gothic,
1934 ( M . M . A.)

9,500 ft., July 23,

Tipula (Lunatipula) barbata Doane, 1901.-Originallydescribed from 1

8 and 2 9 9 ,labelled only "Col.", collected by H. K. Morrison; type,
U.S.N.M. 10,937. The species is now becoming better known and somefurther notes and figures concerning it are given.
d . Length, about 10 mm.; wing, 11 mm.; antenna, about 4 mm.
Antennae with scape and pedicel yellow, flagellum uniformly dark brown;
flagellar segments very feebly to scarcely incised, the basal swellings inconspicuous; verticils much shorter than the segments.
Mesonotal praescutum brownish gray with two narrow but conspicuousintermediate stripes, the usual lateral pair very poorly indicated; a darkened
triangle just inside the humeral region; scutal lobes dark brownish gray, themedian region paler; posterior sclerites of notum gray with a continuous
capillary, dark brown, median vitta. Femora yellow, the tips somewhat broadly
and conspicuously dark brown, the amount subequal on all Iegs; claws (ma!e)
toothed.
Male hypopygium (Figs. 2, 3 ) with the tergite, 9t, produced cephaladalong the lateral portions, the median length much shorter; caudal border witha deep U-shaped notch, the very broad lateral lobes truncated. Basistyle, 6,
on ventro-caudal portion with a conspicuous subglobular lobe that is provided
with long setae, the more ventral ones longest, exceeding twice the diameterof the lobe, the dorsal setae small and delicate. Outer dististyle, od, a small
pale lobe. Inner dististyle, id, a compact structure, the posterior lobe extensive
but not well differentiated from the main body of style; dorsal crest pale,
membranous, with longitudinally parallel ribs; beak of style short. Gonapophyses, g, appearing as darkened subcircular blades. Eighth sternite, 8s,
extensive sheathing, the lateral lobes bearing long conspicuous setae, especiallythe outer one of either side which rises from the summit of a short tubercle
and is distinctly fasciculate, the remaining strong setae totalling about a dozen
on either side, in a more or less evident row, their free tips decussate across themedial? line; 3 glabrous median plate projects between the lateral lobes, its
caudal border gently emarginate.
Alberta: Edmonton, September 5, 1925 (Owen Bryant).
Colorado: Gothic, 9,500 ft., August 2, 1934; Peaceful Valley, August 25(Cockerell); Halfway House, Pikes Peak, September (Cockerell).
New Mexico: White Mountains, south fork of Eagle Creek, altitude about
8,000 ft., at light, August 15-18 (C. H. T . Townsend).
I t seems evident that the species is a late summer and early fall form.

7
Fig. 4. T i p u l a ( L u n a f i p u l a ) rabiosa sp. n.; venation.
Figs. 5, 6. T i p u l a ( L u n a f i p u l a ) rabiosa sp. n.; male hypopygium.
Fig. 7. T i p u l a ( L u n a t i p u l a ) bigemirlafa Alexander; male hypopygium.
(Symbols: id, inner dististyle ; od, outer dististyle; s, sternite; t, tergite.)

Tipula (Lunatipula) 6igeminata Alexander, 1915.-Originally describedfrom Nevada. Like the last, the fly is still insufficiently known and supplementary details are given.
Ovipositor with cerci very long and slender, almost straight. Male hypopygium (Fig. 7) with the tergite, 9t, lorig and narrow, the lobes conspicuous,
subparallel to weakly diversgent, separated from one another by a deep Ushaped notch; dorsal face of tergite with a deep groove, the adjoining margins
approximated on cephalic portion of sclerite and provided with setae. Outerdististyle, od, on outer half expanded into an unusually large, nearly circularspatula. Inner dististyle, id, complex, as shown; a conspicuous dorsal crest that
becomes very pale and weakly fimbriate along the extreme margin; posteriorlobe of style broad. Basistyle with a strong lobe immediately ventrad of thepoint of insertion of the dististyles, this lobe blackened, its outer half cylindrical, provided with numerous short but very strong setae; above this lobe
a powerful flattened reddish blade, the tip acute. Ecghth sternite, 85, with thefasciculate bristles of lateral lobes decussate across median line; median lobe
large and pale, fringed with long ale setae; more anteriorly the dorsal or
inner surface, together with the inner faces of the lateral lobes ~rovidedwith
abundant strong curved reddish bristles.
Gothic, 9,500 ft., July 4, 1934; 10,000 ft., July 4-5, 1934; Kebler Pass,
Colorado, 10,150 ft., July 15, 1934.

Tipula (Lunatipula) rabiosa sp. nov. - General coloration yellow, thepraescutal stripes relatively indistinct; flagellar segments uniformly dark brown
to brownish black; wings grayish yello:*i, the prearcular and costal fields lightyellow; stigma pale brownish yellow; obliterative areas small and inconspicuous; male hypopygium with the tergal lobes low and obtuse; outer dististyle ashort spatula; e>ghth sternite with a pair of very powerful spines crossing one
another at the midline.
d . Length, about 16-17 mm.; wing, 16-18 mm.; antenna, about 4-4.5 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head obscure yellow; nasus stout; palpi brown, theterminal segment brownish black. Antennae relatively short; scape and pedicel
yellow, first flagellar segment light brown; remainder of flagellum dark brown
to brownish black; flagellar segments only weakly incised; longest verticils
subequal to or a little shorter than the segments. Head buffy yellow, sparsely
pruinose; vertical tubercle poorly developed.
Mesonotal praescutum obscure yellow, the three stripes very poorly differentiated, the median one slightly more reddish; posterior sclerites of notum
more reddish, with a yellow pollen, the scutal lobes and the scutellum sl>ght!ymore darkened. Pleura yellow. Halteres with stem yellow, knob darkened, theapex slightly paler. Legs with coxae and trochanters obscure yellow; femora
yellow, the tips narrowly dark brown, the amount subequal on all legs; tibiae
and basitarsi obscure yellow, the latter darkened at tips; remainder of tarsi
brownish black; claws (male) with a single strong tooth. Wings (Fig. 4)
grayish yellow, the prearcular and costal fields, especially cell Sc, conspicuously light yellow; stigma pale brownish yellow; obliterative areas across cord
very small and inconspicuous. Venation: R1+:,preserved; m-cu fully two-thirds
the length of Rs.
Abdominal tergites yellow, the second and succeeding se8gments with aconspicuous dark brown to black sublateral stripe; intermediate tergites withvague indications of a broken median stripe, most conspicuous as spots on
segments four to six; sternites yellow; hypopygium reddish brown. Male
hypopygium (Figs. 5, 6 ) relatively large, highly complex in structure; tergite,
sternite and basistyle all completely separated by sutures; eighth sternite moderately sheathing, its sides near base with a conspicuous posterior extension;e?ghth tergite reduced to a narrow band. Ninth tergite, 9t, relatively small, thecaudal margin convexly rounded, the median portion with a relatively small
but deep U-shaped notch, the lateral lobes thus formed low and obtuse. D i d styles as figured, the outer style, od, a small flattened spatula. Outer portionof inner dististyle, id, produced caudad into a pale membranous flange or
blade, the surface of which is microscopically wrinkled but without setae;
posterior lobe of style comp!ex, provided with abundant coarse and delicate
setae and setulae; sensory group consisting of about a dozen triangular orconical spinous points. Ninth sternite with mesa1 arms jutting to the midventral line, delicately fringed with golden yellow setae; sternite with caudal
portion terminating in a small apiculate point. Eighth sternite, 8s) with caudal
end emarginate, on either side bearing a powerful reddish spine composed offasciculate bristles, arising from a stout bilobed base, the two spines decussate
across the median line; at base of emargination with a pale depressed median
lobe or plate, the face of which bears numerous setae. Immediately above thismedian plate project the rounded ends of conspicuous paired rods arising fromthe basal portions of the eighth sternite.
Holotype, d , Gothic, 9,500 ft., July 7, 1934 (Alexander). Paratopotypes,
5 d on, 9,500-10,600 ft.? July 3-19, 1934 (Alexander & Hallahan).
The nearest relative of the present fly is T. (L.) bigeminata Alexander,
1915, previously discussed. The two species are well distinguished from one
another by the coloration of the body and wings, and especially by the quitedistinct male hypopygia. Throughout the Nearctic region there are several
other members of the same group, all characterized by having large and unusually complex male hypopygi~.
Nephrotoma altissima erythrophrys (Williston, 1893) .-Gothic, 9,500 ft.,
July 1, 1934. From the studies of Professor J. Speed Rdgers, it would appear
that both altissima (Osten Sacken, 1877) and the present form will better beconsidered as representing forms of the more eastern Iugens (Loew, 1864).
CYLINDROTOMINAE

Cylindrotoma pallescens Alexander, 1930.-Gothic, 9,500-10,000 ft., very
numerous along streams at the latter altitude near upper edge of the Biological
Forest. The exact relationships existing between C. americana Osten Sacken,
1865, C. juncta Coquillett, 1900, C.splendens Doane, 1900, and the present
fly are still not thoroughly understood. I t should be observed that in thepresent fly, the male is much darker in color than the pallid female.
LIMONIINAE
LIMONIINI

Limonia (Limonia) indigena jacksoni (Alexander, 1917) .-Describedfrom Geneva Park, Grant, Colorado, 9,500-10,000 ft., July 16-22, 1916 (L. 0.
Jackson). Gothic, 9,500 ft., July 4, 1934; Kebler Pass, 10,100 ft., July 15,
1934 (Alexander). I am still uncertain as to whether the present fly should
be considered as representing a valid species.

Limonia (Limonia) sciophila (Osten Sacken, 1877) .-Gothic,
July 2, 1934.

9,500 ft.,

Limonia (Limonia) solitaria (Osten Sacken, 1859) .-Gothic,
July 4, 1934 ( M . M . A . ) .

9,500 ft.,

Limonia (Dicranomyia) ctenopyga sp. nov. - General coloration darkgray, the praescutum with a conspicuous median blackened stripe that is
especially distinct in front; rostrum yellow; antennae black throughout; halteres with strongly infuscated knobs; femora obscure yellow, the tips narrowly
and rather weakly infuscated; wings subhyaline, stigma brown, relatively conspicuous; Scl long, only a little shorter than Rs; cell 1st M 2 relatively long,exceeding vein M3 beyond it; male hypopygium complex; ninth tergite narrowly transverse, with an oval setiferous lobe at the midline; basistyle with theventro-mesa1 lobe very large and conspicuous, near outer end with a single
row or comb of flattened spinous setae; rostra1 spines two.
3 . Length, about 6-6.5 mm.; wing, 7-7.5 mm.
Rostrum yellow; palpi dark brown. Antennae black throughout; flagellar
segments lor~g-oval;terminal segment about one-third longer than the penultimate; longest verticils a little shorter than the segments. Head dark gray;anterior vertex relatively wide, fully twice the diameter of the scape.
Pronotum dark brown, gray laterally. Mesonotal praescutum dark gray,with a cons~icuousmedian blackened s t r i ~ ethat is es~eciallvdistinct in front.
more obscured and pruinose behind; lateral stripes not or scarcely indicated;humeral region more ochreous pollinose. Pleura heavily gray pruinose, thedorsopleural region and the pleurotergite paler. Halteres of moderate length,
stem obscure yellow, knob strongly infuscated. Legs with coxae brownish
yellow, knob strongly infuscated. Legs with coxae brownish yellow, theirouter surface sparsely pruinose; trochanters yellow; femora obscure yellow,
the tips narrowly and rather weakly infuscated; tibiae and tarsi brown. Wings(Fig. 8 ) subhyaline; stigma brown, relativriy conspicuous; prearcular fieldslightly yellowish; veins brown. Venation: Scl ending about opposite originof Rs, Sc2 far from its tip, Scl alone only a little shorter than Rs; cell 1st M2
relatively long, exceeding in length vein M3 beyond it; m-cu close to fork of
M; vein 2nd A nearly straight.
Abdominal tergite brownish black, the incisures narrowly paler; sternites
darkened basally, the posterior borders broadly pale; ninth segment and principal lobe of ventral dististyle pale, the remainder dark brown. Male hypopygium (F?g. 9) with the tergite, 9t, unusually narrow and transverse, thelateral lobes correspondingly low, with scattered setae; an oval median lobe
provided with about eight unusually long and conspicuous setae. Basistyle, 6,
with the body small, the ventro-mesa1 lobe very large and conspicuous, subequal in extent to the ventral dististyle; lobe elongate, somewhat pointed atouter end, before apex with an oblique ridge that is set with a row of cons~icuousflattened s ~ i n o u ssetae exceeding thirtv in number. Dorsal dististvle
with the basal third straight, the remainder gently curved, the apex a longL2'

straight spine. Ventral dististyle, vd, with the rostra1 prolongation and its
swollen base blackened, the apex of the prolongation a little produced; ros:ralspines two, relatively stout, placed close together at near one-third the lengthof prolongation; face of prolongation beyond the spines with about a dozen
strong setae; swollen base of prolongation with long conspicuous setae, including a group of unusually long bristles on cephalic mesa1 portion. Gonapophyses, g, with mesal-apical lobe curved to an acute darkened point, themargin of lobe weakly crenate.
Holotype, d , Copper Creek below Judd Falls, 9,600 ft., July 6, 1934
(Alexander). Pardtopotypes, 2 d 8 , in the same place, August 2, 1934
(Alexander).
The most similar species is Limonia (Dicrdnomyia) aldscaensis (Alexander, 1919), of Alaska, which is still known to me only from the unique typefemale. This latter differs in coloration, as the blackened rostrum and thecolor of the halteres, legs and abdomm, and in the venational details, as thearcuated Rs and short, subquadrate cell 1st M P . I t seems certain that the malesex of dldscaensis, when discovered, will show important hypopygial differences.
Limonia (Dicranomyid) gracilis (Doane, 1900) .-Describedfrom Idaho.

NOWknown to have a wide distribution in the central Rockies. Gothic, 9,50010,000 ft., July 18-August 1, 1934, the latter specimens in swampy areas alonga small stream in the spruce-fir forest of the "Gothic Natural Area." This fly
was often taken in company with L. (D.) yulgata (Bergroth, 1888).
Limonia (Dicranomyia) halterata (Osten Sacken, 1869) .-This northern
species was originally described from specimens taken in Labrador by Packard.
I t is now known to have a vast range across all northern North America,

Fig. 8. Limonia (Dicranomyia) ctenopyga s p a . ; venation.
Fig. 9. Limonia (Dicranomyia) clenopyga sp.n.; male hypopygium.
Fig. 10. Limonia (Dicranomyia) vulgata (Bergroth) ; venation.
Fig. 1 1. Limonia (Dicranomyia) vulgata (Bergroth) ; male hypopygium.
(Symbols: a , redeagus; b, basistyle; g, gonapophysis; 1, tergite; vd, ventral dististyle.)

extending southward along the higher Rockies and other mountain ranges.
Gothic, 9,500 ft., July 4-12, 1934 ( M . M . A . ) .
Limonid (Dicranomyid) rnorioides (Osten Sacken, 1860). - Anothercharacteristic northern species having a distribution much like the last. Gothic,
9,500 ft., July 2-19, 1934, abundant.
Limonia (Dicranomyia) vulgatd (Bergoth, 1888) .-Allied to irnmodesta;
general coloration yellow, more or less pruinose, the praescutum with threebrown stripes; rostrum yellow; antennae black throughout; wifigs subhyaline,
the stigma scarcely darker; Scl long, exceeding one-half the length of Rs; cellM 2 open by atrophy of m; male hypopygium with the tergite conspicuously
t:otched; lobe of basistyle simple; dorsal dististyle a slender, strongly curved
hook; ventral dististyle fleshy, the rostra1 spines of moderate length; mesa1
face of main lobe of style with short spinous setae; mesal-apical lobe of gonapophysis slender and straight, the outer margin microscopically serrulate;aedeagus terminating in conspicuous sclerotized points.

8.Length about 6-6.5 mm.; wing, 6.5-7.2 mm.
Rostrum yellow; palpi brownish black. Antennae black throughout; flagellar
segments passing through short-oval to long-oval, the terminal segment exceeding the penultimate in length; verticils long and conspicuous, exceeding thesegments. Head gray, the vertex more or less infuscated medially; anteriorvertex wide, approximately three times the diameter of scape.
Pronotum dark brown above, the lateral borders yellow. Mesonotal praescutum yellow, more or less pruinose, with three brown to brownish black
stripes, the median one wider and more intense, not reaching the suture behind,the lateral stripes more pruinose; central portion of scutum and scutellum
yellow, the lateral portions dark brown, more or less pruinose, parascutella
pale; mediotergite darkened on central portion, broadly yellow on sides.
Pleura and pleurotergite yellow, with a whitish pruinosity, the pleurotergite atrifle more darkened. Halteres elongate, stem yellow, knob darkened. Legs
with the coxae and trochaoters yellow; femora obscure yellow, the tips weakly
darkened; tibiae brownish yellow; tarsi passing through brown to black. Wings(Fig. 10) subhyaline, unpatterned; stigma varying in intensity, in cases
scarcely differentiated from the ground, in other cases pale brown; veins brown,
prearcular veins and Sc more yellow. Venation: Sc short, Scl ending opposite
or shortly before origin of Rs, Sc2 some distance from its tip, Scl alone exceeding one-half the length of Rs; cell M p open by the atrophy of rn; rn-cu close
to fork of M.
Abdomen dark brown, the basal sternites more brightened; eighth segment
and ninth tergite pale, the basistyles more darkened. Male hypopygium (Fig.
11) with the tergite, 9t, deeply notched medially, the relatively narrow lobes
densely provided with blackened setae that are directed strongly mesad. Basistyle, 6, with the ventro-mesa1 lobe relatively small, simple, with abundant
but pale and delicate setae. Dorsal dististyle an unusually long and slendercurved hook, gradually narrowed to the subacute apex. Ventral dististyle, vd,
pale and fleshy, the mesal face of the main lobe with short spinous setae,
those of the outer face much longer and more conspicuous; a row of longsetae along base of prolongation; prolongation conspicuous, curved and flattened; rostra1 spines two, separate at their bases, a little longer than the prolcngation beyond the outer spine. Gonapophyses, g, with mesal-apical lobe slender,
straight, darkened, the tip subacute, the margin back from the tip microscopically serrulate. Aedeagus, a, stout, the outer lateral angles produced into
conspicuous sclerotized points.
d , Gothic, 10,000 ft., July 12, 1934 (Alexander); d d , 9,500 ft., July
18, 1934 (Alexander). The first were taken along streams in the spruce.fir
forest near the upper edge of the "Gothic Natural Area," associated with L.
( D . ) gracilis (Doane) and other crane-flies; the latter were swept fromswampy areas among small beaver dams near the bridge at Gothic, ag:lin
associated with gracilis.
Limonia (Dicranomyia) vulgata is amply distinct from the three mostclosely allied species, L. (D.) gladiator (Osten Sacken, 1859), L. (D.)
immdesta (Osten Sacken, 1859), and L. ( D . ) iowensis (Rogers, 1926).
The structure of the male hypopygium is distinctive, especially the ventral
dististyle, with its prolongation, the gonapophyses, and the aedeaps. Among
the relatives above listed, it is most similar to L. ( D . ) immodesta. The shortened spinous setae on the mesal face of the ventral' dististyle are quite different
from those in these related species though somewhat similar to the condition
found in the otherwise quite different L. ( D . ) modesta (Wiedemann, 1815).
Antocha (Antocha) monticola Alexander, 1917. - Gothic, along East
River, 9,500 ft., July 10, 1934.
Elliptera astigmatica Alexander, 1912.-Described from British Columbia;
known hitherto from the northern Rockies of the United States and Canada.
The present records are the most southerly so far made known. Gothic, 10,45010,600 ft., July 12-19, 1934; especially common near Emerald Lake where
they were found resting on the rock faces of small cliffs or occurring in small
crannies, with no water present. I n the male sex, a surprising range in the size
and modification of the radial field of the wing is found, not only in thepresent species but in others in the same genus throughout the entire Holarctic
region. I n the present small series, the males show a wing length between 10
and 14.5 mm. I n some specimens, the enlargement of the outer radial cells
is accompanied by a deepening in color, and, in cases, with a weak spur of avein near the outer end of cell R1, arising from vein RY; in addition, somespecimens show weak traces of Rp, shortly beyond the fork of Rs. I n stillother individuals, the normally closed cell 1st M p tends to be open by thepartial atrophy of the outer deflection of vein Ms.One specimen, a smallmale, shows the surprising anomaly of total loss of m-cu in both wings; normally this lies from about one-half to its own length before the fork ofM,in rarer cases, closer to the fork. I n most specimens, the basal section ofR4+5is arcuated to very weakly angulated. The character of Rs usually being
equal in length to or longer than its anterior branch in astigmatica while being
shorter than this branch in coloradensis does not hold in a series of specimens.
The three Western Nearctic species of Ellipterd may be separated asfollows :1 . Stigma distinct, oval, brown; vein R2+3 immediately beneath the stigma bent
strongly caudad, beyond the stigma regaining its former level. (California) ....
..............................................................................................
c a a Osten Sacken, 1877
N o well-delimited stigma1 darkening; vein R,,,
straight or virtually so .................... 2- .
2. Wings distinctly patterned, with evident brown seams along cord and outer end ofcell 1st M 2 . (Colorado) .................................................. c o 1 r a d n s i s Alexander, 1920
Wings without dark seams along cord or outer end of cell 1st M,. (British
Columbia, Wyoming, Colorado). .................................. a s t i , o a t i a Alexander, 1912.

Elliptera coloradensis Alexander, 1920. - Described from the Rocky
Mountain National Park, Colorado. Gothic, 9,500 ft., July 19-27, 1934; 1
d, 10,450 ft., July 12, 1934. The larvae occurred on vertical board walls at
the falls of East River above the old saw-mill. They lived where the wood wasconstantly wetted by thin sheets of water trickling over them, mostly quite
exposed but some in flimsy cases composed of silk covered with silt. The
adult flies rested on these same walls, often associated with Erio~tera (Zlisia)
hygropetrica sp. nov. The species is apparently best differentiated by the distinctly patterned wings, as described; in addition, the basal section of R4+5 isstrongly angulated and often conspicuously spurred, the spur jutting backward
into cell R. I n most individuals, m-cu is closer to the fork of M than in astignzatica. Althou~ghcell 1st M o is normallv closed in all three of our westernspecies of Elliptera, several specimens in the present series showed the cell
open by the atrophy of both m and the basal section of vein MS, leaving thecuter section of the latter vein stranded in the membrane. much as in the
net-winged midges, Blepharoceridae.
D-

PEDICIINI

Pedicia (Tricyphona) aspidoptera (Coquillett, 1905) .-This surprising fly
was originally described as a Limnophila, with a question, by Coquillett. The
next year (Ent. News, 1 7 :29, fig. of adult male; 1906) the species was definitely assigned to Limnophila, as it was in a still later reference (Alexander,
Can. Ent. 49:208, pl. 12, fig. 9, wing; 1917).
The species was described from material taken on the summit of the Las
Vegas Mountains, New Mexico, taken on June 29th, by Cockerell (Type,
U.S.N.M. 9033). Other specimens were taken at high altitudes in the Rockies
near Beulah, New Mexico, by H. L. Viereck, presumably a locality identicalwith the type station. Rather numerous specimens representing both sexes,
from Gothic and the adjoining slopes of Gothic Mountain, 9,500-10,000 ft.,
July 3-5, 1934 (Alexander). As indicated by all previous references, thespecies is subapterous in both sexes, more resembling a large spider or phalangid when noted alive. Despite the almost wingless condition, almost allspecimens taken were swept from tall herbs where the flies had walked or
climbed to a height of two or three feet.
A study of this materid shows that the fly is not a Limnoph~la (Hexatomini) but a true Tricyphona, belonging to the Pediciini. The eyes are notglabrous, as described by Coquillett but the setae between the ommatidia,
while of normal size, are very sparse and scattered, as evidenced by theirpunctures. The halteres are always slightly longer than the wings, as shownby the following measurements:

d.Length, about 11-13 mm.; wing, about 1-12 mm.; halteres, 1.5-1.7 mm.

9 .Len8gth,about 16-18 mm.; wing, about 1.4-1.6 mm.; halteres, 1.8-2 mm.
The male hypopygium (Fig. 16) indicates that the fly belongs to theampla group, represented by a few species in both the eastern and western
Nearctic region. Ninth tergite, 9t, with the caudal margin subtruncate to very
gently rounded, the surface with numerous long pale setae. Apex of basistyle,6, with numerous long coarse setae. Outer dististyle a small pale lobe at baseof the inner style, provided with elongate setae that exceed in length the lobe
itself. Inner dististyle, d, %lobed, as in the group; two innermost lobes longest,
appearing as flattened blades with obtuse tips, their apices with microscopic
setulae; innermost lobe with the most basal setae longer and more conspicuous;
outer lobes shorter, two of them more pointed at their tips.
Among the Pediciini of the Nearctic fauna, as now known, there are several
species showing brachypterism or stenopterism in the female sex or in both
sexes. Besides the cases listed below, representing previously described species,
I have still other undescribed forms, including one in the genus Polyangaeus
Doane. The species described as Limnophila nemoptera Alexander, 1927, isstill known only from the female sex. I t will probably be found to be a Pediciine type, possibly a Dicranota.
Pedicia (Tricyphona) aspidoptera (Coquillett, 1905) .-Western UnitedStates. Brachypterous in both sexes, wings very reduced.
Pedicia (Tricyphona) autumnalis (Alexander, 1917) .-Eastern
UnitedStates and Canada. Female only with slightly reduced wings.
North
Pedicia (Tricyphona) degenerata (Alexander, 1917) .-Western
America. Both sexes showing moderate reduction of wings; see next species inthis paper.
Pedicia (Tricyphona) hannai (Alexander, 1923) .-Arctic North America,
Pribilof Islands, Alaska. Both sexes strongly brachypterous.
Pedicia (Tricyphona) subaptera (Alexander, 1917) .-Western
UnitedStates. Wings moderately reduced in both sexes, exceeding the halteres.
Pedicia (Nusiternella) hyperborea (Osten Sacken, 1861) .-Arctic andnorthern North America. Wings of female only very reduced.
Dicranota (Plectromyia) stenoptera (Alexander, 1927) .-Western UnitedStates; both sexes with wings reduced to linear strips, stenopterous; discussed
later in this paper.

Pedicia (Tricyphona) degenerata (Alexander, 1917) .-DescribedfromGeneva Park, Grant, Colorado, 9,500-10,000 ft., July 22, 1916 (E. C. Jackson). Gothic, 9,500-10,000 ft., July 5-18, 1934.
The normal venation and wing shape are as figured (Fig. 12); in evenmore degenerate individuals, cell MI may be lost by atrophy or fusion of theveins concerned (Fig. 13). I t seems certain that the present fly represents a
distinct species, differing from its nearest ally, P. (T.) aperta (Coquillett,1905), by the coloration of the body, the reduced wings, with correlatedchanges in venation, and in details of structure of the male hypopygium.
Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) Cayuga (Alexander, 1916) .-Wide-spread
northern North America. Gothic, 9,500 ft., July 2, 1934.

over

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) integriloba sp. nov. - General coloration
gray, the praescutum with three more or less distinct brown stripes; antennae
15-segmented; halters with knobs weakly infuscated; legs pale brown; wings
whitish subhyaline, stigma very slightly darker; R2+3+4longer than the basal
section of Rs; abdomen brown with a brownish black subterminal ring, hypopygium yellow; male hypopygium with the tergite produced into a conspicuous median lobe that is slightly expanded outwardly, its caudal margin trun-

Fig. 12. Pedicio ( T r i c g p h o n a ) degenerafa (Alexander) ; normal venation.
Fig. 13. Pedicio ( T r i c y p h o n o ) degenerata (Alexander) ; abnormal venation.
Fig. 14. Dicronota ( R h o p h i d o l o b i s ) infegriloba sp. n . ; venation.
Fig. 15. Dicronolo ( P l e c f r o m g i o ) engelmannio sp. n . ; venation.
Fig. 16. Pedicio ( T r i c p p h o n a ) aspidoptera (Coquillett) ; male hypopygium.
Fig. 17. Dicranola ( R h o p h i d o l o b i s ) infegriloba sp. n . ; male hypopygium.
Fig. 18. Dicronola ( P l e c f r o m p i o ) engelmannia 5p.n.; male hypopygium.
(Symbols: a , zdeagus; b, basistyle; d , dististyle; t , tergite.)cate or but weakly emarginate.
8 . Length, about 7-7.5 mm.; wing, 6.5-7.5 mm.
Rostrum obscure brownish yellow; palpi brownish black. Antennae ofmoderate length, 15-segmented; flagellar segments short suboval or subcylindrical, the outer segments even more crowded; terminal segment shorter thanthe penultimate; verticils shorter than the segments. Head dark gray.
Thorax srav. the IDraescutum with three brown s t r i ~ e sthat varv in intensitv
from pale to dark brown, the median one longer and broader; scutal lobes
with brown centers: scutellum and ~osteriormargins of scutal lobes vellow:
postnotum gray. Pleura pale gray. Halteres with stem yellow, knob weakly
infuscated. Legs with coxae and trwhanters yellow; remainder of legs pale
brown. Wings (Fig. 14) whitish subhyaline; stigma very slightly indicated;veins pale brown. Venation: R2+3+4from one and one-half to two times thebasal section of R5; cell M I about one-half as deep as cell M3
0

/ '

2
'

Abdomen brown, with a more brownish black subterminal ring involving
segments seven and eight; hypopygium abruptly and conspicuously yellow.
Male hypopygium (Fig. 17) with the median tergal lobe, 9t, long and conspicuous, only slightly widened outwardly, the caudal margin subtruncate to
weakly emarginate, the lateral angles obtusely rounded, inconspicuous. Mesa1
face of basistylc, 6, with a row of very long setae that are arranged more oriess evidently into two or three groups; interbase broad at base, narrowed toa lor~gacute point. Outer dististyle, od, with a cylindrical spine-tipped appendage on face. Inner dististyle an elongate, compressed blade, the tip obtuse.
Aedeagus, a, a stout dusky lobe that is bent at a right angle at near midlength,
the apex obtusely rounded.
Holotype, 8 , Gothic, 9,500 ft., July 6, 1934 (Alexander). Paratopotypzs,

8 $ , 9,500-9,600 ft., July 6-August 2, 1934 (Alexander).
Dicranota (Rha~hidolabis)
inteeriloba
is auite distinct from the other, '"generally similar regional species of the subgenus. The type of male hypopygium is different from other species of the subgenus, being more like thatfound in species of the related subgenus Plectromyia Osten Sacken, as petiolata (Alexander), engelmannia sp. nov., and stenoptera (Alexander). The
male sex of D. (R.) major (Alexander) and D . (R.) sessilis (Alexander)
are still unknown but from the coloratiol~and venation the present fly cannot
be referred to either of these flies.
Dicranota (Plectromyia) petiolata (Alexander, 1919).-Gothic,
10,000ft., along a small clear stream in the "Gothic Natural Area," August 1, 1934;
10,100 ft., on trail to Emerald Lake, along a small mountain torrent, July 12,
1934.
Dicranota (Plectromyia) stenoptera (Alexander, 1927). - Originallydescribed as a species of Tricyphona but from the structure of the male hypopygium certainly a member of this genus and presumably oi Plectromyia. The
wings of both sexes are reduced to linear strips so that the venation is distorted

beyond any taxonomic use. In the present specimens, the wings are slightly
longer than in the type, with the venational details a little more evident.
Gothic, 9,500 ft., in swampy areas near the beaver dams on East River nearbridge, July 18, 1934; 10,500 ft., in wet spots on slopes of Gothic Mt., July
19, 1934 (Hallahan).

Dicranota (Plectromyia) engelmannia sp. nov. - Size small (wing,
male, 4-5 mm.); general coloration ochreous or brownish yellow; head gray;wings with a pale yellow or milky tinge, the veins very pale ro scarcely visible;
cell R3 short-petiolate; male hypoygium with the median region of tergite
produced caudad into a rectangular lobe that is nearly parallel-sided, its apex
truncate or virtually so.

d . Length, about 4-4.5 mm.; wing, 4-5 mm.

9.Length, about 5-5.5 mm.; wing, 5-5.5 mm.
Rostrum pale; palpi black. Antennae brownish black; flagellar segments
oval, the outer segments smaller. Head gray.
Thorax almost uniformlv ochreous or brownish vellow. the Draescutum alittle darker, slightly pruinose; thorax narrow, the praescutum produced
cephalad. Halteres pale, apex of knob dark brown. Legs with the coxae andtrochanters yellow; legs dark brown, the proximal portions of femora andbasitarsi restrictedly pale; legs relatively long and slender. Wings (Fig. 15)
small. with a Dale vellow or milkv, tinge.
the veins verv Dale to scarcelv visible" ,against the ground; no stigma or other darkened pattern. Sparse macrotrichia
on veins beyond cord. Venation: Scl ending just beyond fork of R2-3+4, Sc2
not evident; Rs strongly arcuated to feebly angulated at near midlength;
R2+3+4about equal in length to the basal section of R5; R2 subequal to R1+2;
cell M 3 much shorter than its petiole, in cases only about one-half to one-third
its length beyond fork of M; cell 2nd A relatively wide.
L

,

,

l

Abdomen brownish vellow to Dale brown. in male with a narrow. darker
brown subterminal ring; hypopygium clear yellow. Male hypopygium (Fig.
18) of the general type of structure of petiolata. Ninth tergite, 9t, with themedian area produced into a rectangular lobe, nearly parallel-sided and withthe apex truncate or with a very shallow notch; outer lobes of tergite appearin'g
as simple flattened blades, their tips subacute, slightly arcuated and microscopically denticulate at tips. Basistyle, 6, with the apical lobe broad, provided with
abundant spinulae; interbase, i, slender, at npex split into two slender points,
one a little longer and more acute than the other. Dististyle, d, narrowed outwardly, the tip bbtuse.
Holotype, 8 , Biological Forest, above Gothic, 10,000 ft., August 1, 1934
(Alexander). Allotopotype, 9 ,mounted with type. Paratopotypes, 8 d 9 .
These specimens occurred in swampy areas along a small ciear stream flowing
through the spruce-fir forest. Associated with Dicranota (Plectromyia) petiolata (Alexander), Limonia (Dicranomyid) gracilis (Doane), L. ( D . ) vulgata(Bergroth), and others mentioned in this report.

The nearest relatives are Dicranota (Plectromyia) petiolata and D. (P.)
reducta (Alexander), both of which differ conspicuously in the structure of
the male hypopygium. In the conformation of the median tergal lobe, thepresent fly is more like reducta but the other structures are different.
HEXATOMINI

Limnophila (Elaeophila) aldrichi alticrista subsp, nov. d . Leagth, about 7.5 mm.; wing, 8 rnm.
9 .Length, about 8.5 rnm.; wing, 9 mm.
Differs from typical aldrichi Alexander, 1927, from the northern Rocky
Mountains (Alberta, Montana) chiefly in the details of structure of the malehypopygium, especially the very high crest of the outer dististyle (Fig. 25,od). In the typical form, the style is proportionately narrower and the crest
is low and relatively inconspicuous (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 72, art. 2, pl. 1,
fig. 6; 1927).
L. (E.) angustior Alexander, 1919, of Colorado to Montana, has the
structure of the male hypopygium quite distinct, the apex of basistyle being
provided with numerous, very long, yellow setae that exceed in length thelongest dististyle. Outer dististyle long and narrow, its apical point relatively
small.
Holotype, d , Gothic, 9,500 ft., July 6, 1934 (Alexander). Allotopotype,8,9,800 ft., July 8, 1934. Paratopotypes, d 9 , 9,800 ft., July 3, 1934;
10,100 ft., July 12, 1934.
Limnophila (Phylidorea) claggi Alexander, 1930.-Gothic, 9,800-10,100ft., in swampy areas, July 3-12, 1934. The nearest relative is L. (P.) subcostata (Alexander, 1911), of northeastern North America, well-distinguishedby the gray coloration instead of the polished black of the present fly.
Lirnnophila (Phylidorea) platyphallus Alexander, 1926.-Gothic, 9,500
ft., July 7, 1934. Widespread throughout northeastern and northern North
America. Although allied to the European L. (P.) fulvonervosa (Schummel,
1829), the present fly is amply distinct.
Limnophila occidens Alexander, 1924.-Gothic, 9,800 ft., July 3-10, 1934;
common in the special study area on the slopes of Gothic Mt. and along theEast River. Swarming among the Engelmann's Spruce, usually in groups offtom three to ten. Also taken at Monarch Pass, Colorado, 10,500 ft., July 1,
1934; swept from among the spruce and firs near the crest of the pass. This is
the largest known species of the nemoralis (brevifurca) group, with numerous
representatives in Europe and eastern Asia, together with the much smaller
L. brevifurca Osten Sacken, 1859, of northeastern and eastern North America.
Shannonomyia oslari (Alexander, 1916) .-Gothic, 9,500-10,100 ft., July
2-12, 1934; Monarch Pass, 10,500 ft., July 1, 1934. Widespread throughout
the central Rockies.

Hexatoma (Eriocera) eriophora (Williston, 1894) .-Gothic,

9,500-10,000ft., July 7-12, 1934. Williston's types were from Washington State. The

present material has the antenna of male a little shorter than in the type (8mm.) but in other regards the specimens agree sufIicientIy well with thedescription and other determined material in my collection.

d.Length, about 16-17 mm.; wing, 16-18 mm.; antenna, 7-7.5 mm.
9 . Length, about 23-24 mm.; wing, 19 mm.; antenna, about 5 mm.
ERIOPTERINI

Gonomyia (Idiocera) gothicana sp. nov. - General coloration yellow,
variegated with dark brown; thoracic pleura striped with yellow and brown,
the dorsal dark stripe not involving the pteropleurite; wings yellowish gray,unpatterned except for the vaguely darkened stigma; Scl very loflg; male hypopygium with both the intermediate dististyle and inner dististyle bifid; aedeagus
with three strong black spines near apex, the larger more basal spine directed
strongly cephalad.

d . Length, about 6-6.5 mm.; wing, 6.5-6.8 mm.
Rostrum pale yellow; palpi black. Antennae with the scape yellow above,
darker beneath; remainder of antennae black; flagellar segments oval, the outer
segments becoming more eloflgate. Head light yellow, the posterior portion
and a median line on vertex brown; anterior vertex broad.
Pronotum brownish gray, the lateral margin narrowly yellow; pretergites
yellow. Mesonotal praescutum brownish gray, the humeral and lateral portions
abruptly light yellow; posterior sclerites of notum darkened, the scutellum notor scarcely brightened; mediotergite with lateral margin narrowly yellow, thepleurotergite more extensively brightened, the ventral margin brown. Pleural?ght yellow, variegated longitudinally with brown, including a dorsal stripe
from the propleura across the anepisternum, not including t h e pteropleurite
which is uniformly pale; a fainter and more restricted brown darkening on theventral sternopleurite and meron. Halteres relatively long, stem obscureyellow, knob weakly darkened. Legs with the coxae and trochanters yellow;
remainder of legs obscure yellow, the tips of tibiae narrowly and vaguelydarkened; outer tarsal segments more blackened. Wings (Fig. 19) yellowish
gray subhyaline, unpatterned except for the pale brownish yellow stigma thatis only a trifle darker than the gound; prearcular and costal fields moreyellow, including the veins; remaiiirsg veins pale brown, delicate. Venation:
Sc long, Scl ending about opposite one-half to four-fifths the length of Rs,
Scz far from its tip, opposite the origin of Rs or only slightly beyond, Sclalone subequal to or exceeding the petiole of cell Rg; Rs elongate, arcuated atorigin; faint indications of vein Rz at proximal end of stigma; veins R1+2
- - andR s only narrowly separated at wing margin; m-cu mu& more than its own
length before fork of M.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, the lateral borders narrowly, the posteriormargins more broadly pale, becoming more extensive on the outer segments,
especially the eighth; sternites and hypopygium chiefly pale. Male hypopygium(Fig. 2 7 ) with the outer dististyle, od, a slender simple rod, the acutely
pointed distal fourth blackened. Intermediate dististyle, md, without setae,
longer than the other styles, bifid, the outer arm slender, narrowed to a longacute point; shorter arm darkened, less than one-half the length of the outer
atm. Inner dististyle, id, profoundly bifid, the outer arm a slender pale spine,
its acute apex blackened; inner arm shorter but stouter, provided with sparsedelicate setulae. Apical lobe of basistyle, 6, relatively long, extended caudad
about to the outer end of the outer dististyle, provided with numerous longsetae. Aedeag~u,a, a stout rod, near apex produced into a recurved blackened
spine, with two smaller spines still closer to tip.

Holotype, $, Gothic, 9,500 ft., July 11, 1934 (Alexander). Paratopotypes, 2 $ $ , July 2, 1934 (Alexander).
Gonomyia (Idiocera) gothicana is very different from all other regional
members of the subgenus, especially in the structure of the male hypopygium,
notably the dististyles and aedeagus. I n the armature of the latter the species
is approached only by G. ( I . ) mathesoni Alexander, of northeastern North
America. which is otherwise an entirelv different flv. I n the structure of themale hypopygiurn, the species is closer to the eastern Palaearctic G. (I.)
pallens Alexander, 1928, and G. ( I . ) perpallens Alexander, 1938, which differ
chiefly in relatively minor details of structure of the dististyles.
G o n o m y i a ( G o n o m y i a ) e x t e n s i v e n a sp. nov. - General coloration
yellow, patterned with dark brown; rostrum yellow; antennae entirely black,the outer flagellar segments elongate; head dark 'gray; scutellum yellow; central
region of scutum and lateral portions of mediotergite extensively yellow;
pleura chiefly yellow, restrictedly patterned with darker; knobs of halteres
infuscated; legs brownish black to black; wings grayish subhyaline, stigma
very slightly darker; S c long to very long, Scl ending from one-fifth toapproximately one-half the len~gthof Rs; m-cu just beyond fork of M; malehypopygium with the outer dististyle slender, straight, with a narrow blackened
flange before apex; inner dististyle a compressed blade, bearing a long curved
spine, with a smaller lateral spine on its face; phallosome with two unequal
black spines and a longer compressed blade of irregular conformation.
$ . Length, about 5.8-6 mm.; wing, 6.5-6.7 mm.
9 .Length about 6.5 mm.; wing, 6.5 mm.

Rostrum varying from light sulphur yellow to more obscure yellow; palpi
black. Antennae black throughout, relatively elongate; outer flagellar segments
very elongate-oval to subcylindrical, the outer segments exceeding the verticils
in length. Head dark gray.
Pronotum and pretergites light yellow, the scutellum narrowly and vaguelydarkened medially. Mesonotal praescutum dark brownish gray, the lateral and

29

30

Fig. 19. Gonompia (Idiocera) gothicana sp. n.; venation.
Fig. 20. Gonornyia (Gonomyia) exfensivena sp. n.; venation.
Fig. 21. Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) leptodoma sp.n.; venation.
Fig. 22. Rhabdomasfix (Sacandaga) neolurida sp. n.; venation.
Fig. 23. Erioptera (Ilisia) hygropetrica sp. n.; venation.
Fig. 24. Rhabdomasfix (Sacandaga) neolurida setigera subsp. n.; venation.
Fig. 25. Limnophila (Elaeophila) aldrichi alticrista subspn.; male hypopygium.
Fig. 26. Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) leptodoma sp. n.; male hypopygium.
Fig. 27. Gonornyia (Idiocera) gofhicana sp. n.; male hypopygium.
Fig. 28. Gonomyia (Gonomyia) extensivena sp.n.; male hypopygium.
Fig. 29. Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) neolurida sp. n.; male hypopygium.
Fig. 30. Erioptera (Ilisia) hygropefrica sp. n.; male hypopygium.
(Symbols: a, ~ d e a g u s ;b, basistyle; g, gonapophysis; id, inner dististyle; ig, inner
gonapophysis; rnd, intermediate dististyle; o d , outer dististyle; og, outer gonapophysis;p, phallosome; 1, tergite.)humeral portions broadly light yellow, the central region restrictedly brightenedat the suture; scutum yellow, the lobes extensively brownish gray, the darkcolor continued across the mid-line at the ~osterioroortion of the scutum;
scutellum broad, light yellow; mediotergite brownish gray, the cephalic-lateral
portions broadly yellow; pleurotergite yellow, the ventral portion darkened.
Pleura chiefly yellow, the ventral sterno~leuriteand meron abruptly darkened;a small dark cloud on anepisternum, not forming a longitudinal stripe. Halteres relativelv eloneate. stem vellow. knob infuscated. Legs
with coxae morec,or less infuscated; trochanters brownish yellow; remainder of legs brownish
black to black, the femoral bases more or less obscure yellow. Wings (Fig. 20)
grayish subhyaline, the oval stigma very slightly darker, ill-delimited; prearcularand costal fields slightly more yellow, including the veins; remaining veinsbrown. Costal fringe relativelv short. Venation: Sc unusuallv long. for amember of this genus, Scl ending from about opposite one-fifth to fully onehalf the length of Rs, Sc2 a short distance from its tip; R2+3+1 elongate, gently
arcuated, about four-fifths the length of Rs and fully twice RS; m-cu justbeyond fork of M.
0

,

D

0

Abdominal tergites dark brown, the incisures and lateral borders yellow;
sternites yellow; hypopygium uniform yellow except for the blackened styli
and apophyses. Male hypopygium (Fig. 28) with the apical lobe of basistyle,6, small and oval, pale. Outer dististyle, od, a slender elongate lobe, before
apex bearing a narrow blackened flange. Inner dististyle, id, a compressed
blade, the outer margin and angle produced into a curved blackened spine thatbears a smaller tooth or flange on its face near base; rostra1 prolongation ofstyle relatively slender, bearing the two usual fasciculate setae. Phallosome, p,consisting of an elongate flattened yellow blade of irregular conformation andtwo slender blackened spines, one much shorter and more slender than theother.
Holotype, d., Gothic, 10,100 ft., July 12, 1934 (Alexander). Paratopotypes, d. 9 ,9,500 ft., July 31, 1934 (Alexander). The types were collectedalong a small mountain stream on the trail to Emerald Lake; the paratype
and other material from swampy areas near the beaver dams at Gothic.
Gonomyia (Gonomyia) extensivena is readily told from all other describedregional species of the genus by the elongate Sc. I n other forms, this vein
ends opposite or before the origin of Rs. The structure of the male h y p o p ~ ~ i u r n
is likewise distinctive.
Gonomyia (Gonomyia) filicaudd Alexander, 1916.-Gothic,ft., July 2-August 3, 1934, abundant.

9,500-10,000

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) poliocephala Alexander, 1924.-Gothic,
July 31, 1934.

9,500 ft.,

Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) leonardi Alexander, 1930.-The species was
originally described from Montana; now known to be widely distributed in thenorthern and central Rocky Mountains. The unique type was preserved inalcohol and the normal pruinosity lost; as surmised at the time of the originaldescription, in fresh specimens the dark coloration is more or less obscured bya gray bloom. Gothic, 9,500 ft., July 7, 1934; swept from low vegetation along
the East River.
Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) leptodoma sp. nov. - General coloration
gray, the praescutum without clearly indicated praescutal stripes, halteres
uniformly pale yellow; legs brownish black, the femoral bases yellow; wings
subhyaline, the base narrowly pale yellow; stigma oval, pale brown; Scl ending
about opposite fork of Rs, R2 weakly preserved, at about midleflgth of petioleof cell R3; cell 1st M2 rectangular, rn-cu about one-half its length beyond thefork of M; male hypopygium with the outer dististyle slender, bidentate atapex; gonapophyses long and narrow, even more slender than the aedeagus.
d . Length, about 4-4.2 mm.; wing, 4.8-5 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae short, black, the scape pruinose; flagellar segments oval to long-oval, the longest verticils exceeding the se8gmentsin
length. Head dark gray; vertex broad.
Pronotum gray; anterior lateral pretergites almost white. Mesonotum andpleura uniform light gray, the praescutal stripes not or scarcely indicated;scutellum a trifle brightened. Halteres uniformly pale yellow. Legs with thecoxae obscure brownish yellow or testaceous yellow, the fore pair somewhat
darker; trochanters obscure yellow; remainder of legs dark brown to brownish
black, the femoral bases yellow. Wings (Fig. 21) subhyaline, the base narrowly pale yellow; stigma oval, pale brown, ill-delimited; veins brown, yellow at
the wing base. Venation: Scl ending opposite or just before the fork of Rs,
Sc2 a short distance from its tip; RB preserved as a weak element at or j ~ s tbeyond midlength of petiole of cell R3; vein R3 oblique, cell R3 relatively
small; cell 1st M2 rectangular; rn-cu about one-half its length beyond the forkof M; vein 2nd A nearly straight, the cell of moderate width only.
Abdomen black, heavily gray pruinose; base of hypopygium a little brightened, the styli dark. Male hypopygium (Fig. 26) of the general type ofrnonticola. Outer dististyle, od, much more slender and less flattened, conspicuously bidentate at apex but with other denticles or points lacking or reduced
to vague roughenings on the lower margin before the ventral spine. Apex of
inner dististyle narrowed. Gonapophyses, g, longer and narrower than rnonticola, a trifle longer but more slender than the aedeagus.
Holotype, d , Gothic, 9,600 ft., along Copper Creek below Judd Falls, July6, 1934 (Alexander). Paratopotype, d , August 2, 1934.
The nearest relative is Rhabdornastix (Sacandaga) monticola Alexander,
which differs especially in the venation and in details of structure of the malehypopygium, as compared above. The normal species of the genus have theouter dististyle quite different in structure, with abundant spines and spicules
scattered over the entire outer surface.

Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) subfasciger Alexander, 1927.-Gothic, 9,500
ft., July 6, 1934; Kebler Pass, 10,000 ft., July 15, 1934. In the present species
there is some variation in the length of vein R4, in cases this being subequal
to the petiole of cell R3, in other specimens slightly exceeding this distance.
Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) neolurida sp. nov. - Belongs to the lurida
group; general coloration dark brown and yellow, the praescutum patternedwith two more or less distinct intermediate dark stripes; pleura variegated withdark brown; fore femora chiefly blackened, the remaining femora obscureyellow with their distal ends narrowly blackened; wings subhyaline, the prearcular and costal portions slightly more yellow; R3 relatively short,, oblique;male hypopygium with the gonapophyses unusually elongate, gradually narrowed to the very long acute blackened points.

d.Length, about 4:5-5 rnrn.; wing, 5.4-5.8 mm.; antenna, about 1.5-1.6mm.

9 . Length, about 5-5.5 mm.; wing, 5.5-6 mm.
Rostrum obscure brownish yellow to yellow; palpi black. Antennae black
throughout, relatively elongate in male, as shown by the measurements; flagellar segments passing through oval to elongate oval, the more basal segmentswith one face slightly more protuberant; segments clothed with a dense erectpale pubescence that is shorter than the diameter of the segment; verticils
shorter than the segments, unilaterally distributed. Head gray; anterior vertex
wide.
Pronotum light yellow, restrictedly darkened medially. Mesonotal praescutum almost uniform dark brown, sparsely pruinose, the humeral and lateral
portions restrictedly more yellow; in cases, the praescutum with more or lessdistinct intermediate dark stripes; pseudosutural foveae large, reddish brown;
scutum and scutellum chiefly dark brown, the posterior margin of latter, withthe parascutella, paler; postnotum chiefly yellow, the posterior portion narrowly
more darkened; in cases, the postnotum more uniformly blackened. Pleura
obscure yellow, conspicuously patterned with dark brown on the anepisternum,
ventral sternopleurite and meron. Halteres uniformly pale yellow. Legs withthe coxae more or less infuscated, especially the fore pair; trochanters obscureyellow; fore femora chiefly blackened, the basal third obscure yellow; remaining femora yellow, the tips more narrowly blackened, narrowest on the posterior
pair where about the outer seventh is included; fore tibiae and tarsi brownish
black to black; middle and posterior tibiae and basitarsi obscure yellow, theirtips blackened; remainder of tarsi black. Wings (Fig. 22) subhyaline, theprearcular and costal fields slightly more yellow; veins dark brown, those ofbasal and cephalic portions more yellow. Venation: Sc relatively long, Sclending a short distance before fork of the long Rs, Sc2 atrophied; vein R3
relatively short, oblique, the distance on costa between Rl+2 and R3 nearly
equal in length to vein R3 alone; m-cu oblique, at near midlength of cell 1st
Ma In cases, a vague trace of vein Rz present, placed just before midlengthof petiole of cell R3.

Abdominal segments black, the lateral borders very narrowly yellow; hypopygium brownish black. Male hypopygium (Fig. 29) with the outer dististyle,od, relatively narrow, the apical point stout. Gonapophyses, g, unusually long,gradually narrowed to very long acute blackened points.
Holotype, d , Arizona Creek, Grand Tetons National Forest, Wyoming,
6,700 ft., July 8, 1941 (Alexander). Allotopotype, 9.Paratopotypes, numerous d 9 .
In addition to the above described species, I am further differentiating asubspecies of the same.
Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) neolurida setigera subsp. nov. - Compared with the typical subspecies, differs as follows: Antennae (male) evenmore elongate, the individual flagellar segments correspondingly longer; erectpale pubescence of segments longer and more conspicuous, exceeding in length
the transverse diameter of a segment. Wings (Fig. 24) broader, with theveins medium brown, more uniform in color over the entire disk. Venation:
Cells correspondingly wider, due to the increase in wing width; R2+3+4only
about one-third longer than R3, in the typical form nearly twice the length of
this vein; R3 even more longitudinal in position, in approximate alignment
with R2+3+4.Male hypop~giumwith the gonapophyses less elongate, especiallythe narrowed apical portion.
Holotype, d , Gothic, 9,500 ft., July 6, 1934 (Alexander). AIIotopotype,

9 ,with the type. Paratopotypes, several d 9 ,July 9-18, 1934.

The lurida group of Rhnbdomastix is well-distinguished by the loss ofvein Sc2 and the pointed gonapophyses. T o this date, members of the groupwere known only from Eurasia (inclinata Edwards, 1938; Iurida Loew, 1873,of the western Palaearctic region; Iuridoides Alexander, 1940, of the eastern
Palaearctic region) .The present fly is closest to Iuridoides, differing especiallyin the coloration and details of structure of the male hypopygium. The two
European species have the gonapophyses much shorter than in the other species
tllough still pointed at their tips. The exact homologies of these latter structures still remain in question. Both Edwards (1938) and Alexander (1940)
considered them as representing parameres (gonapophyses) but from theirposition I am not at all certain of this homology, it being at least possiblethat they are actually interbases.
Erioptera (Erioptera) septemtrionis Osten Sacken, 1859.-Gothic, slopesof Mount Avery, 10,000 ft., July 5, 1934 (Hallahan); Gothic Valley, on trail
to Emerald Lake, 10,000 ft., July 12, 1934 ( M . M . A . ) . E. (E.) subseptemtrlonis Alexander, 1920, seems now not to be separable from typical septemtrzonis.
Erioptera (Ilisia) hygropetrica sp. nov. - General coloration dull black,sparsely pruinose; antennae black throughout; halteres elongate, dark; wings

with a strong brown tinge, the stigmal region and anterior cord vaguely darkened; cell 1st M2 closed, small; m-cu close to the fork of M; vein 2nd A
nearly straight; male hypopygium with the mesal face of basistyle produced
into a short arm that bears conspicuous blackened points; outer dististyle bifid,
the inner arm with conspicuous slender teeth.

6.Length, about 4.5-5 mm.; wing, 5.8-6.2 mm.
? . Length, about 4.5 mm.; wing, 5 mm.
Rostrum dark gray; palpi black. Antennae black throughout; flagellar segments oval, with long outspreading verticils. Head black, sparsely dusted with
Pronotum brownish black. the scutellum more reddish brown. Mesonotum
dull black, the surface sparsely pruinose. Pleura black, sparsely pruinose. Halteres unusually long and slender for a member of this genus, stem dusky,
knob even darker. Legs with the coxae and trochanters brownish black: remainder of legs brownishJblack, the terminal tarsal segments blackened; vestitureof legs relatively short and appressed. Wings (Fig. 23) broad, with a strong
brownish tinge, the stigma1 region and anterior cord vaguely seamed withdarker; veins brown. Venation: Scl ending opposite R2, Sc2 about opposite
one-fourth to one-third the length of Rs; cell 1st M2 closed, small, less than
one-half vein M4 beyond it; m-cu close to the fork of M , in cases shortly
beyond this fork; vein 2nd A nearly straight, cell 2nd A relatively narrow.
Abdomen, including hypopygium, black. Male hypopygium (Fig. 30)
having the caudal margin of ninth tergite, 9t, with a broad U-shaped notch,
the adjoining lobes thus formed unusually slender. Basistyle, 6, with mesal
face at cephalic end produced into a short arm that bears conspicuous blackened denticles. Outer dististyle, od, bifid, blackened, the outer arm more
slender, with appressed teeth on outer margin; inner arm shorter and broader,the margin with numerous slender teeth, their tips obtuse. Inner dististyle, id,
shorter, pale, the narrowed tip bearing a single strong seta; face of style witha tubercle tippzd with two even longer setae. Outer gonapophysis, og, appearing as a flattened pale blade, the tip obtuse. Inner gonapophysis, ig, appearing
as slender, gently curved horns that subtend the short aedeagus, each gradually
narrowed into a pale acute point.
Holotype, d,9,500 ft., July 13, 1934 (Alexander). Allotopotype, $2,
luJy 29, 1934. ( M . M . Alexander). Paratopotypes, 5 8 8 , July 13-19, 1934
(Alexander). This very interesting crane-fly was found only along East Rivernear the old saw-mill, under conditions described under the account of Elliptera coloradensis Alexander on a previous page. The flies were taken wliile
resting in the dryer places on the vertical wooden wall where a film of water
constantly trickled and flowed. Here it was associated with numerous otherhygropetric Diptera of several families, including the Elliptera. A single specimen of Ormosia (Ormosia) hallahani sp. nov. was also secured here.
Erioptera (Zlisia) hygropetrica is very different from all other describedAmerican species of the genus. In its venation, it is closest to the various lightyellow species that center about microcellula but it is entirely different in coloration and in the structure of the male hypopygium.
Erioptera (Ilisia) luck Alexander, 1914.-Gothic, 9,500-10,100 ft., July
9-12, 1934. Other records: Estes Park, Colorado, August 10, 1919 (Claassen);
Webster, Colorado, August 24, 1915 (E. J . Oslar).
Erioptera (Ilisia) margarita Alexander, 1919.-Gothic, 9,500 ft., July 211, 1934. Other record: Colorado Springs, Colorado, June 8, 1915 ( M . C.
VanDuzee).
Erioptera (Ilisia) microcellula Alexander, 1914.-Above Gothic, 10,100ft., July 12, 1934; along a small clear mountain stream, common.
Erioptera (Psiloconopa) aperta (Coquillett, 1905) (mormon Alexander,
1927) .-Gothic, 9,500 ft., July 2-6, 1934. A common and wide-spread species
throughout the central and northern Rockies. The distinctions used to separate
the subgeneric groups Psiloconopa Zetterstedt, 1838, and Ilisia Rondani, 1856,
are becoming more difficult to maintain as new species are constantly being
discovered.
Erioptera (Pszloconopa) gaspicola (Alexander, 1929) .-Gothic,
9,500ft., July 19, 1934. Hitherto known only from the Gaspk Peninsula, eastern
Quebec.
Erioptera (Helobia) cana (Walker, 1848) .-Gothic,
1934.

9,500 ft., July 4-12,Erioptera (Mesocyphona) splendida (Alexander, 1913) .-Gothic,
10,100 ft., July 4-12, 1934.
Erioptera (Empeda) cinereipleura (Alexander, 1917) .-Gothic,
July 4, 1934.

9,500-

9,500 ft.,

Ormosia (Ormosia) megarhabda sp. nov. - General coloration brownish gray, the praescutum with a conspicuous, darker brown, median stripe;
antennae black throughout; halteres yellow; leg dark brown to brownish black;wings with a faint yellowish tinge, unpatterned; macrotrichia of cells long but
sparse; cell M2 open by atrophy of m; vein 2nd A elongate, subsinuous; malehypopygium with the dististyles apical in position, outer style profoundly bifid,
both arms microscopically spiculose; inner dististyle gently arcuated; gonapophyses appearing as very powerful blackened horns.

d.Length, about 4.5-5 mm.; wing, 5-6 mm.
$? . Length, about 5.5 mm.; wing, 5.5 mm.

Rostrum brownish black; palpi dark brown. Antennae black throughout;flagellar segments oval, those of more than the outer half with segments more
slender and attenuated; verticils very long and conspicuous, especially on the
more proximal segments. Head dark brown.

Pronotum brownish gray; pretergites conspicuously light yellow. Mesonotum brownish gray, the praescutum with a conspicuous, darker brown,
median stripe, the lateral stripes not or but poorly differentiated; scutellum
more yellowish brown to obscure yellow. Pleura brownish gray; dorso-pleuralregion slightly paler. Halteres yellow throughout. Legs with coxae brownish
gray; trochanters brownish yellow; remainder of legs dark brown to brownish
black. Wirtgs (Fig. 31) with a faint and uciform yellowish tinge, without
pattern; veins brown. Cells of wing with sparse but conspicuous, elongate
setae, distributed over the entire wing surface; macrotrichia of veins only atrifle longer and stouter. Venation: Scl ending about opposite Rp, Scg atnear midlength of Rs; cell M , open by atrophy of m; vein 2nd A elongate,
feebly sinuous to nearly straight, about intermediate in condition between
strongly arcuated to straight.
Abdomen dark brown, the hypopygium slightly brightened. Male hypopygium (Fig. 36) with the basistyle, b, simple, at apex produced into a short
conical lobe. Outer dististyle, od, profoundly bifid on outer ha!f, both arms
microscopically spiculose, one arm much stouter than the other. Inner dististyle, id, a long slender gently arcuated pale blade. Gonapophyses, g, appearing as very powerful blackened simple horns on either side of the very small
aedeagus.
Holotype, cT., 9,500 ft., July 4, 1934 (Alexander). Allotopotype, 9 ,pinned with type. Paratopotypes, numerous cT. 9 , July 7-19, 1934 (Alexander).
Ormosia (Ormosia) megarhabda is very distinct from the other Nearctic
species of the genus so far described. The venation is almost identical withthat of the genus Erioptera but from the presence of sparse but conspicuoustrichia over the entire wing surface, it seems that the fly is better assigned to
Ormosia. The structure of the male hypopygium, especially of the gonapophyses, is very different from that of other members of the genus.
Ormosia (Ormosia) hallahani sp. nov. - General coloration black, themesonotum only sparsely pruinose so that the surface appears subnitidous;
head and thoracic pleura heavily gray pruinose; halteres pale yellow; femora
y-tllow, the tips narrowly but conspicuously blackened; wirtgs whitish subhyaline, the stigma conspicuous, dark brown; a brown seam alortg vein Cu, withmore restricted markings along cord and as a delicate border to the wing; cell
1st M 2 closed; anal veins divergent; male hypopygium with the basistyle profoundly notched, to produce a ventral and a dorsal lobe, the dististyles arisingfrom this notch; inner dististyle slender, especially the distal half which appears
as a long straight spine.

8 . Length, about 5 mm.; wing, 5.8-6 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black throughout; flagellar segments
oval, the verticils shorter than the segments. Head black, heavily pruinose.

Pronotum dark brown, the pretergites conspicuously light yellow, themarking continued caudad to the wing-root. Mesonotal praescutum black, thesurface very sparsely pruinose so the general appearance is subnitidous; posterior callosities of scutal lobes more reddish brown. Pleura black, heavily graypruinose. Halteres pale yellow. Legs with the coxae pale brown; trochanters
yellow; femora yellow, the tips narrowly but conspicuously blackened, theamount subequal on all legs; tibiae and basitarsi obscure yellow, the tips narrowly blackened, remainder of tarsi black. Wings (Fig. 32) whitish subhyaline,
patterned with dark brown, including an unusually conspicuous sti'gmal area;
a conspicuous brown seam along vein Cu and narrower darkenings along cord
and as a delicate border from vein R3 continued entirely around the wing to

Fig. 31. Ormosia ( O r m o s i a ) megarhabda sp. n.; venation.
Fig. 32. Ormosia ( O r m o s i a ) hallahani sp.n.; venation.
Fig. 33. Ormosia ( O r m o s i a ) libella sp.n.; venation.
Fig. 34. Ormosia ( O r m o s i a ) suffumata sp.n.; venation.
Fig. 35. Ormosia ( O r m o s i a ) hallahani sp.n.; male hypopygium.
Fig. 36. Ormosia ( O r m o s i a ) megarhabda sp.n.; male hypopygium.
Fig. 37. Ormosia ( O r m o s i a ) libella sp.n.; male hypopygium.
Fig. 38. Ormosia ( O r m o s i a ) s u f f u m a f a sp.n.; male hypopygium.
(Symbols: a , ~ d e a g u s ; b , basistyle; d b , dorsal lobe of basistyle; g, gonapophysis;
i d , inner dististyle; o d , outer dististyle; 1, tergite; v b , ventral lobe of basistyle.)

vein 2nd A: veins brown. more vellow in ~rearcularfield and at base of Sc.
Trichia of cells abundant, more sparse or lacking in bases of cells Cu, 1st A
and 2nd A . Venation: Sc2 nearly opposite midlength of Rs; cell 1st M z
closed; m-cu about one-third to one-fourth its own length beyond fork of M ;anal veins divergent.
Abdomen black, sparsely pruinos~;hypopygium black. Male hypopygium(Fig. 35) with the extensive median lobe of tergite, 9t, broadly depressed,
weakly bilobed at apex. Basistyle, b, deeply bilobed into a ventral, vb, and adorsal, db, lobe, with the two dististyles arising from this notch. Outer dististyle, od, very large and massive, unequally bilobed, the major outer lobe verylarge and massive. Inner dististyle, id, slender, the basal haIf stouter, the distal
half narrowed into a long slender spine. Gonapophyses, g, appearing as flat.
.spinous blades. Aedeagus slender, straight, terminating in a small brlltened
shaped cap.

Holotype, d , Gothic, 9,500 ft., July 13, 1934 (Alexander). Associal-ed
with Elliptera coloradensis Alexander and Erioptera (Ilisia) hygropetrica sp.
nov., as discussed earlier in the present report.
Ormosia (Ormosia) hallahani is named in honor of M r . John D . Hallahan, to whom I am greatly indebted for numerous specimens of Tipulidae
from the Gothic Area. The species is quite distinct from certain other approximately similar regional species, as 0. ( 0 . ) fumata (Doane, 1900) and 0 .
( 0 . ) bifidaria Alexander, 1919, being more closely related to a group of
species hitherto believed to be restricted to the eastern Palaearctic region,
including 0. ( 0 . ) cata Alexander, 1940, 0. ( 0 . ) deprava Alexander, 1941,
and 0. ( 0 . ) prava Alexander, 1940, all of Japan and northern Korea.
Ormosia (Ormosia) bifidaria Alexander, 1919.-Gothic, 9,500 ft., July 2,
1934; trail to Emerald Lake, 10,100 ft., along a small mountain stream.
O r m o s i a ( O r m o s i a ) libella sp. nov. - Belongs to the fumata group;
mesonotal praescutum gray, with three brown stripes; femora and tibiae
obscure yellow, their tips weakly darkened; wings whitish subhyaline, stigma
brown; anal veins convergent, 2nd A strongly sinuous; male hypopygium withthe outer dististyle only weakly expanded outwardly, the apex scarcely emarginate, provided with abundant blackencd spinous points; gonapophyses withthe outer spines relatively slender, strongly curved, the inner spine long andnearly straight; apical arms of aedeagus unusually short and relatively inconspicuous.

8. Length, about 5.5-6 mm.; wing, 6.6.5 mm.; antenna, about 1.5 mm.
Rostrum brownish gray; palpi dark brown. Antennae of moderate length,
brownish black throughout; flagellar segments passing through long-oval toelongate; longest verticils slightly exceeding the segments. Head dark gray.
Pronotum brownish gray; pretergites conspicuously yellow. Mesonotal
praescutum gray with three brown stripes, the median one especially broad andC O ~ S D ~ C U O U' S :~ seudosutural foveae black: scutum "gray. each lobe with two
pooJy marked brown areas; posterior por;ion of scutal lobes and the scutellum
obscure orange, parascutella dark; postnotum gray. Pleura gray. Halteres paleyellow throughout. Legs with the fore coxae brownish gray, middle and posterior coxae more yellowish; trochanters yellow; femora and tibiae obscure yellow,
the tips weakly darkened; tarsi dark brown. Wifigs (Fig. 33) whitish subhyaline to weakly tinged with brown; stigma brown; a poorly indicated darkening
on anterior cord; veins brown, those in prearcular field more yellow. Macrotrichia cf cells numerous and well-distributed. Venation: R2+3 subequal to R2
alone; vein 2nd A strongly sinuous.
I

1,

Abdominal tergites brownish gray, basal sternites somewhat brightened;
subterminal segments more uniformly dark brown; hypopygium yellow, thebasistyles weakly darkened. Male hypopygium (Fig. 37) with the outer dististyle, od, pale, darkened apically, the outer portion weakly expanded but
scarcely emarginate, the margin provided with very abundant blackened spinous points. Inner dististyle flattened, narrowed to the subobtuse apex. Gonapophyses, g, with the outer spine relatively slender, curved more or less strongly
to a long straight point; inner spine !ong and nearly straight, subtending theaedeagus. Aedeagus, a, with the apical arms unusually short and relatively
inconspicuous.
Holotype, d , Gothic, 10,100 ft., July 12, 1934, along small mountainstream (Alexander). Pnratopotypes, 2 d d ; paratypes, 9,500 ft., 2 d d ,July 3, 1934; 1 8 , July 18, 1934.
Ormosia (Ormosia) libella is readily told from the other species that are
allied to fumatn (Doane) by the structure of the male hypopygium. The
short apical arms of the aedeagus are more as in 0 . ( 0 . ) garretti Alexander,
1926, than in 0 . ( 0 . ) bifidaria Alexander, 1919; 0 . ( 0 . ) fumata (Doane,1900) or 0. ( 0 . ) suffumata sp. nov.
Ormosia (Ormosia) suffumata sp. nov. - Belongs to the fumata group;
general coloration of thorax yellow, the dorsum patterned with brownish gray,including four virtually confluent praescutal stripes; pleura not or but feebly
darkened; halteres uniformly pale yellow; wings with a weak brown tinge, theprcarcular and costal fields more yellow; stigma and a restricted seam along
cord darker brown; vein 2nd A strongly sinuous; male hypopyRium with theouter dististyle conspicuously dilated at apex; gonapophyses appearing as flattened blades, each bearing two unequal spines; apical lobes of aedeagus longand gently sinuous.
8 . Length, about 5.3-5.5 mm.; wifig, 6-6.2 mm.
Rostrum obscure yellow; palpi brown. Antennae with the basal three segments yellow, the succeeding ones passing into brown; flagellar segments oval
to long-oval. Head uniformly gray.
Pronotum brownish gray, obscure yellow medially behind. Mesonotal

praescutum with the humeral and lateral portions yellow, the disk chiefly
covered by four more brownish gray stripes that are virtually confluent, obliterating the posterior interspaces or nearly so; tuberculate pits black, conspicuous,pseudosutural foveae more reddish brown; scutal lobes brownish gray, themedian area paler; scutellum obscure yellow; postnotum brownish gray. Pleuravariegated yellow and pale brownish gray, the latter color sometimes lacking,in other cases involving the mesepisternum and meron. HaIteres pale yellow.
Legs with the coxae and trochanters yellow; femora obscure yellow, the tips
not or scarcely darkened; tibiae and basitarsi yellow, their tips pale brown;
remainder of tarsi black. Wings (Fig. 34) with a weak brown tinge, the prearcular and costal fields more yellow; stigma and a restricted seam along cord
darker brown; veins brown, paler in the flavous areas. Macrotrichia of cells
abundant and distributed over the entire wing excepting the extreme basal
portions of cell Cu. Venation: Vein 2nd A strongly sinuous, on distal thirdor more paralleling the posterior margin of wing. In one wing of a paratype,
7n is atrophied so that cell M 2 is open.
Abdominal tergites dark grayish brown, the sternites and outer two segments yellow. Male hypopygium (Fig. 38) as in the fumata group. Outerdististyle, od, widely dilated apically, with rows of abundant blackened setaeor short spines. Gonapophyses, g, appearing as flattened blades, the mesa1
portion of each produced into a long curved spine, the outer angle into a
shorter acute spinous point. Apical lobes of aedea'gus, a, long and gently
sinuous.
Holotype, d , Peaceful Valley, Boulder Co., Colorado, August 25, 1918

(T. D. A. Cockerell) . Paratopotypes, 3 d d , August 25, 1918; August 1919
(T. D. A. Cockerell).

Although the present species has not been taken in the Gothic Area it isincluded herewith in order to add to the data regarding the fumata group. The
fly has long been confused in my collection with Ormosia (Ormosia) fumata(Doane, 1900), of the north-central Rocky Mountain region, which is now
known to differ in coloration and in the structure of the male hypopygium. I
am greatly indebted to Dr. Alan Stone, of the United States National Museum for mounting the male hypopygium of the type of fumata; this shows thedetails of the hypopygium, especially the gonapophyses, to be quite distinct
from those of the present fly.
Ormosia (Ormosia) cockerelli (Coquillett, 1901).-Gothic,ft., July 3-12, 1934.

9,800-10,100