On new or little-known Tipuli&e.

97655. Aroa tomisa.
Aroa tomisa, Druee, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xvii. p. 353 (!896).
T y p e , ~ , Dar-es-Salaam, in Coll. Joicey.
656. Aroa sulphurea.
Aroasulphurea, P15tz, Stett. ent. Zeit. xli. p. 84 (1880) ; MSsch. Abhaudl.
Senek. Ges. xv. p. 75~ fig. 10 (1887) ; Kirby, I. c. p. 463.
W. Africa.
657. Aroa (?) xanthospila.
Aroa xanthospila~ P15tz, l. c.
Aroa (?)xanthospila, Kirby, I. c.
W. Africa.
[To be continued.]V I I . - - N e w or little-known Tipulidm (Diptera).--XlI[. Australasian Species. By CnAItLES P. ALEXAND~t, Ph.D.,
F.E.S., Amherst, Massaehusetts~ U.S.A.
Tnn new species described in this paper are all f r o m N e w
Zealand and were collected by Messrs. Curtis, Fenwick,
Harris, and Howes, to whom the writer's sincere thanks aredue for the privilege of retaining the types.

Dicranomyia sedueta, sp. n.
Head grey ; disk of mesonotal prveseutum and the seutal
lohes brownish blaek; wings with a faint brownish tinge;
stigma oval, pale brown; veiu Sc long ; spines on r o s t r u mof male hypopygium heteromorphous.
Male.--Length 5 mm. ; wing 5"7 ram.
Female.--Length 6"5 mm. ; wing 6"5 mm.
Rostrum reddish brow,,, nearly as long as the h e a d ;palpi dark brown. Antennm brownish black, l t e a d grey.
P r o n o t u m dark brown. Mesonotal prmscutum obscurebrownish yellow with three confluent, subshiny, brownishblack stripes ; seutal lobes brownish black ; remainder ofthe mesonotum brown. Pleura pale brownish testaeeous.
tIalteres dark brown, the basal half of the stem yellow.
Legs with tile eoxm eoneolorous with tile pleura ; troehanters
Ann. & Maj. 2(. Itist. Ser. 9. Vol. xi.
7

98

Dr. C. P. Alexander onyellow; remainder of the legs dark brownish black, thefemoral bases very narrowly pale. Wings faintly tinged
with brown; stigma oval, pale brown; veins dark brown.
Venation: Sc ]oog, Scl ending beyond mid-length of Rs,
Sc~ from once to twice its length from the tip; inner ends
of ceils Rz and 1st JI~ arcuated, especially the former ; basal
deflection of Cu~ at or beyond tim fork of M.
Abdominal tergites dark brown ; basal sternites obscureyellow, the terminal sternites passing into dark browu.
Male hypopygium with the spines of the rostrum of twosizes and shapes, the elongate one arising from a small
papilloid base. Ovipositor witil slender valves.
Hab. New Zealand (North Island).
Holotype, ~ , Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, December 25,19L)l (T. R. Harris).
Allotopotype, ?.
Paratopotype, (~ ; paratype, c~, Taumarunui~ December 12,
1921 (T. R. Harris).

Rhamphidia harrisi, sp. n.
General coloratiou shiny black; pleura silvery grey;
wings subh) aline with a broad seam along the cord and ti~eapex brown.
Female.--Length, excluding rostrum, 8 ram. ; wing
7"8 ram. ; rostrum alone, about 0 9 ram.
Rostrum black, pale beneath; palpi dark brown. Antennm
black, tile incisure between the scape and flagellum obscureyellow, tlead black, sparsely silvery pruinose.
Pronotum with a pubescent pruinosity. Mesonotal pr~escutum and the scutal lobes shiny bl. ck ; median area of
seutum and the scutellum pollinose ; postnotum dark, thebasal half pruinose. Pleura shiny black with a conspicuons,
silvery-grey, pubescent pruinosity, the sternum glabrous.
Halteres yellow, the knobs darker. Legs with the fore cox~eblack, grey pruinose; other coxm obscure yellow; trochan ters
obscure yellow ; femora tcstaceous yellow, the tips broadly
dark brown; remainder of tile legs black. Wings subhyaline ; a faint brown cloud at arculus ; a broad seam along
the cord from the stigma, completely traversing the wing;
wing-tip broadly infuscatcd, the area basad of it completely
encircled by brown ; veins black. Venation : cell Rl about
one-half wider at the wing-margin than cell R3 ; cell ]st M2
geutly narrowed distally; m about one-third tile outernew or littTe-know~, Tipulidaz.

93

deflection of M3; basal deflection of Cu~ about two-thirds
its length beyond the fork ot~ M ; prearcular cells large.
Abdominal tergites indistinctly bicolorous, dark brown,
the segments obscure yellow sublateraily and less distinctly
along the caudal margins; bas;d sternites more or lessyellowish; subterminal sterHites uniformly black. Ovipositor with the valves horn-coloured.
Hab. New Zealand (North IslalM).
Holot~/pe, ?, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feel December 1,
1921 (T. R. Harris).
Rhamphidia harrisi is named in honour of the collector,
Mr. T. g. ttarris, to whom I aln indebted fbr many favours.
It is tim first true Rhamyhidia to be described from New
Zealand, the Rhamyhidia levis, tIutton, being a species of
Ceratocheilus.

Molophilus hitaris, sp. n.
General coloration pale brownish yellow; legs yellow,
wu'iegated widl black; wi~gs grey, the costal regiou
yellowish, the disk traversed by three dark bands; distal
pleural appendage of male hypopygium bifid.
lllale.--Length about 2"2 nun. ; wing 2"6 ram.
Rostrum and palpi pale brown. Antennae short, pale
brown throughout, with long verticils. Head pale brownish
yellow.
Mesonotum uniformly pale brownish yellow.
I)]curamore uniformly yellowish. Halteres pale. Legs with thecoxm and trochanters yellow ; femora yellow, the tips black ;tibim yellow, the tips black ; hind tibia~ at from one-third to
one-fourth the length with a black ring; tips of the basal
tarsal segments dark ; terminal two tarsal segments uniformly
dark; the legs are provided with a conspicuous erect trichiatiou which is co]oured as described above. Wings grey, thecostal regiou conspicuously yellowish ; dark cross-bands ou
the wing arc produced chiefly by conspicuous, dark brownmacrotrichim; a band at the origin of Rs; a second at thecord; the third at the wing-apex; along the medial veins
the dark coloration continues more basad, so the (lark areas
are more or less connected; vein 2nd A with dark macrotrichim; veins yellow, darker in the iufuscated areas.
Venation : basal section of Re+:~ short.
Abdomen yellow.
Male hypopygium with the basal
pleural appendage straight, siigi~tly curved at the tip ; distal
appendage deeply bifid ; apex of pleurite a slender spine.
7~

100

Dr. C. P. Alexander o;~

Hab. New Zealand (North Island).
Hololype, c~, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, January 24,
1922 (T. _!L Harris).
Molophilus hilaris bears a slight resemblance to M. varie9atus, Edwards, in the coloration of the legs and wings. It
is more closely related to M. crucij~rus, M. plagiatus, andallied forms.
Molophilusflavidulus, sp. n.
Size small (wing of c~ 3 ram.) ; general coloration lightyellow; male hypopygium with the basal pleural appendage
gently curved toward apex, terminating in a few large teeth.
Male.~Length about 2"4 ram. ; wing 3 mm.
Rostrum and palpi pale brown. Antennm with the first
segment yellow, the second pale brown; flagellum broken.
Head light yellow.
Mesonotum and pleura light yellow, tlalteres pale yellow,
covered with appressed white seta~. Legs yellow, theterminal segments darker. Wings relatively broad, paleyellow with pale veins and maerotriehim. Venation. vein
2nd .4 elongate, ending beyond the level of the fork of Rs.
Abdomen yellow. Male hypopygium with the basal pleuralappendage pale at base, tim apvx blackened, the appendage
straight, at the tip enrved a little mesad and here provided
with a few apical teeth and less distinct appressed subapieal
dentieles ; distal pleural appendage bifid and blackened atapex, the lateral arm dilated at outer end.
Hab. New Zealand (North Island).
ftolotype, c~, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, January 18,
1922 (T. R. Harris).

MoIophilus luteipennis, sp. n.
Size large (wing of c~ over 5 ram.) ; general coloration
light reddish yellow ; ~ings strongly tinged with yellow ;anal veins convergent; basal pleural appendage a strm~gly
curved black spine.
Male.--Length about 4"4. ram. ; wing 5"3 ram.
l~ostrum and palpi pale b~own. Antenme ~hort, pale
brown. Head dull grey.
Mesonotum and pleura uniformly reddish yellow. Halteres yellow. Legs with the eoxm and troehanters yellow ;remainder of the h'gs yellow, the terminal tarsal segments
darker.
Wings broad, stroJ~gly thJged with yellow, thenew or llttle-k,town Tipulid~e.

101

veins slightly darker yellow; macrotrichi~e pale brown.
Venatiou: petiole of cell R~ short ; petiole of cell Ma about
one and two-thirds the length o~ the basal deflection of CuL ;vein 2nd A elongate, sinuous, the anal veins convergent.
Abdominal tergites pale brown, tile steruites light yellow.
]~fale hypopygium with two pleural appendages, tile basal
appendage a strongly curved black arm, the base straight,
the distal third bent at a right angle and directed laterad,acute at apex, before which are borne a few weak setm;
distal pleural appendage bifid at apex, the lateral arm larger
and weakly denticulate at apex.
Hab. New Zealand (South Island).
Holotype, ~ , Otago ( Geo. Howes).

~l[olophilus denticulatus, sp. n.
General coloration obscure yellow ; antennae short ; wings
pale brownish subhyaline; anal veins convergent; basal
pleural appendage of hypopygium a straight black rod thathears a conspicuous erect spine on the lateral face before theapex,~llale.--Length about 4 ram.; wing 4"6 mm.
tl~ostrum and palpi brown. Antennae short, pale brown,
the basal segments tinged with reddish, this latter condition
probahly abnormal. Head pale brown.
Mesonotum obscure yellow. Pleura brownish yellow;
sternum yellow. Halteres pale, Legs with the cox0e andtrochanters concolorous with the sternum ; remainder ofthe legs pale brown, the femoral bases paler. Wings pale
brownish subhyaline, the veins slightly darker, with brownmacrotrichim. Venation: anal veins convergent.
Abdomen brownish yellow. Male h)popygium with twopleural appendages, the two pairs of either side approximated ;the more basal appendage a powerful bl~,ck rod that is almost
straight, at about three-fourths tile length ou the lateralface with au erect black spine ; between this spine and thesubacute apex, on the mcsal face, a small setiferous area, tile
apex slightly twisted ; distal pleural appendage bifid ; apex of
pleurite a high blackened blade.
Hab. New Zealand (South Island).
Hololype, ~ , Otago ( Geo. Howes).
Paratype, ~ , Queenstown, Otago, altitude 1500 feet,February 15, 1922 iL. Curtis).
The paratype is slightly smaller than the type.

11)2

D~. C. P. Alexander on

Molophilu~ quadr~fidus ohakunensis, subsp, n.
Male.--Length about 4 mm. ; wing 4"6-4,'8 ram.
(;el~erally similar to M. ~uadrifidus, differing as follows : Male hypopygium with the lateral and mesal arms much
more compact, the lateral arm very powerful, the outermargin microscopically serrulate ; the lateral and mesa1 arms
are separated only by a small oval notch ; the median arm
terminates in two small laterally-directed points; the basal
arm is shorter and more densely provided with set~e. Distal
pleural appendage with tlle apex more abruptly truncate.
ltab. New Zealand (North Island).
Holotype, ~, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, February 9,1922 (~1\ R. Harris).
Paratopotype, 1 c~, March 10, 1922; paratype, 1 c~,
Taihape, March 1~ 19.22 (T. R. Harris).

Molophilus brevb~ervis, sp. n.
General coloration pale brown ; antennae of male elongate ;petiole of cell R~ elongate ; vein 2ndA short ; mesal pleuralappendage of hypopygium with a lung, straight, lateral
Splne.

Male.--Length about 3 mm. ; wing 4"2 ram.
Rostrum and palpi brown. Antenna? of the male elongate,b r o w n ; w h e n entire at least as long as the body, tile
flagellar segments with conspicuous erect setm. Itead pale
brown.
Mesonotum uniformly pale brownish testaceous. Pleura
pale brownish yellow. Haltercs dark brown, the base of thestem paler. Legs with the cox~ and troehanters eoncolorouswith the pleura ; remainder of the legs pale brown with theterminal tarsal segments darker. Wings tinged with pale
brown, the veins darker with dark brown macrotrichia~.
V e n a t i o n : p e t i o l e of cell R4 one-third longer than the
petiole of cell M3; basal deflection of Cu~ arcuated near
mid-length, situated on R3 a short distance beyond the forkof M ; vein 2nd .A short and straight, ending far before thefork of Cu, the cell 2nd A being long and narrow.
Abdomen brown, the hypopygium a trifle brighter. Male
hypopygium with two appendages, both basal in position;
lateral appendage a powerful black hook, strongly curved
at apex; mesal appendage deeply bifid, the lateral arm
appearing as a very lung straight spine, the mesa1 arm as anew or 1/ttle-known Tipuli&e.

103

powerful flattened blade; apex of pleurite chitinized andterminating in a few teeth.
Hab. New Zealand (North Island).
Holotype, ~, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, December 22,
1921 (T. R. Harris).

Molophilus sepositus, sp. n.
General coloration brown, the prmseutum dark brown withthree paler brown stripes; pleura dark brown; antennm
short; male hypopygium with the bifid pleural appendage
having the lateral arm very small, spine-like, and remote
fi'om the tip of the mesal arm.
Male.--Length about 2'6 ram. ; wing 3"2 ram.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae short, pale
brown, the flagellar segments with very conspicuous erect
white setm. Head brown.
Pronotum brown. Mesonotal prrescutum dark brownwith three lighter brown stripes ; remainder of the mesonotum light brown, the postnotum darker brown beyond thebase. Pleura uniformly dark brown. Halteres pale yellow.
Legs with the coxre and trochanters brownish testaceous ;remainder of the legs yellow, the terminal tarsal segments
darker. Wings tinged with greyish brown, the base ,nnd
costal region a little more yellowish ; veins pale brown withdark macrotrichi~e. Venation : vein 2 n d A ending opposite
the fork of Cu.
Abdomen dark brown, the hypopygium obscure brownish
yellow. Male hypopygium with the pleurites short, thelateral apical angle produced caudad into a long fleshy lobe
that juts caudad beyond the appendages ; pleural appendages
two, arising close together at the base of the fleshy lobe ;one appendage simple, gently curved, broad at base, narrowed
to the long apex; second appendage bifid, the lateral arm
being a small, slender spine remote from the tip of themesal arm which terminates in a small cylindrical point.
Gonapophyses appearing as two long, straight, divergent
arms, gradually narrowed to the acute tips~ their surface
sparsely provided with appressed sctm.
Hab. New Zealand (North Island).
Holotype, ~, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, December 22,
19.)1 (T. R. Harris).
Molophilus paululus, sp. n.
General coloration dark brown ; vein 2nd.4 short; male104

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

hypopygium with a single pleural appendage--this flattened,
ear-shaped, and terminal in position.
Male.--Length about 2"6 ram.; wing 3"2 mm.
Female.--Length about 3 mm. ; wing 3"3 mm.
Rostrum and palpi pale brown. Antennm with the first
scgmeut pale brown, the second segment darker ; flagellum
broken. Head dark brown.
Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotum dark brown, thehumeral region brighter. Pleura dark brown. Halteresdark brown, the extreme base obscure yellow. Legs withthe coxa~ and troehauters obscure yellow ;remaiuder of thelegs black ; only the middle legs remain, and these show
faint indications of narrow pale rings on the tibiae and tarsi,
possibly due to the removal of triehi~e. Wings tinged withbrown, the veins a little darker and clothed with long, dark
1)rox~'n maerotriehi~e. Venation : vein 2nd A short, ending
some distance before the level of the fork of Ca.
Abdomen dark brown. 5~[ale hypopygium with thepleurites short and stout ; a single pleural appendage--thisterminal in position, flattened, ear-shaped, pale yellow incolour. Penis-guard and apophyses forming a ehitinized
mass between the pleurites, the guard jutting caudad as two
slender parallel points.
Hab. New Zealand (North Island).
Holot2/pe, c~, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, January 18,
1922 (T. R. Harris).

Allolopotype, ?.
Molophilus paululus is related to M. gourlayi, Alex.
Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) oplata, sp. n.
General coloration grey, the prveseutum with two submedian brown stripes ; pleura darl¢ grey ; wings whitish
sllbhyaline, handsomely variegated with brown, the costal
region more yellowish; abdominal segments pale brown,
the bases of the segments darker brown.
Male.--Length about 4"8 ram. ; wing 6 mm.
Female.--.Length 6'8 ram. ; wing 7"2 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae dark brown
throughout, the flagellar segments with an abundant, erect,
white pubescence. Head grey.
5~[csonotum dull grey, the pr~escutum with two snbmedianbrown stripes; in the female, the lateral stripes are also
indicated. Pleura dark grey. Halteres pale. Legs withthe fore cox~e dark, the other coxm obscure brownish

new or little-known Tipulidm.

105

yellow ; troehanters yellow ; fore and middle coxm elongate ;remainder of the legs brown. Wings whitish subhyaline,
the costal region more yellowish; stigma dark brown,sending a conspicuous brown cloud along the cord to r-m,
wing-tip faintly darkened ; other brown clouds in the haseof cells C and Sc, along vein Ca, the outer end of cell 1st
3[~ ; cell 2nd A largely dark ; prearcular region abrui)tly
pale; veins dark brown, paler in the costal regmn.
Venation: Sct ending about opposite three-fourths thelength of Rs, Sc~ not far from the tip; R2 short, a little
more than its length from the tip of Rx ; basal deflection of
Cut about two-thirds its length beyond the fork of Jl. No
macrotrichim on veins R~+3 or 2nd A.
Abdomen indistinctly bicolorous, pale brown, the bases ofthe segments darker brown; subterminal segments uniformly
darkened; hypopygium obscure yellow. Valves of the ovipositor elongate, horn-colour.
Hab. New Zealand (North Island).
Holotype, ~ , Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, January 24,
192~ (T. R. Harris).
Allolopotype, ? , February 8, 1922.
Rhabdomastix ( Saeandaga) vittithorax, sp. n.
General coloration yellow, the mesonotal prmseutum withfour brown stripes; head grey; wings tinged with grey;
Se ending opposite two-fifths the length of Rs ; maerotrichke
on veins R~+3and 2nd .4.
_Female.--Length 4"2 ram. ; wing 4"9 mm.
Rostrum brown, the palpi dark brown. Antennm dark
1)rown, tile first scapal and the first flagellar segments paler.
Head grey.
Pronotum yellow, slightly darker medially. Mesonotal
prmseutum yellow with four conspicuous brown stripes, theintermediate pair confluent anteriorly ; remainder of themesonotnm yellow, the scutal lobes brown. Pleura yellow.
ltaltercs yellow. Legs with the fore coxm slightly darkened ;other coxa~ and the trochanters yellow; remainder of thelegs dark brown. Wings tinged with grey, the base andcostal region indistinctly yellowish; stignm faintly indicated,pale brown; veins dark brown, those in the costal area moreyellowish. Venation: Sc short, Sct ehding opposite twofifths.the length of Rs, Sc~ indistinct ; distance between thetips of Rt and R: at margin greater than R~ alone. Macrotrichim on R:+~ basad to the fork of Rs and on vein 2nd A.

106

Dl'. C. P. Alexander on

Abdominal tergites uniformly brown, the sternites paler ;genital segment and ovipositor paler. Abdomen of typegravid with large eg~s.
Hab. New Zealand (North Island).
Hololype, ?, Ohakune, altitude 2050 feet, January 28,
1922 (T. R. Harris).
Rhabdomastix vittithorax is most closely related to R.
olagana, Alex.
ZELANDOMYIA~gen. nOV.
Antennm with at least 15, probably with 16, segments,
the segments with conspicuous verticils timt exceed the segment ill length. Legs clothed with very long, coarse setm ;tibial spurs elongate. Wings with Sc ending about opposite
two-thirds the length of the long Rs, Sc2 at tile tip of Sc~ ;Rs long, straight; r lacking; R~+3 nearly as long as R2 alone;R2 somewhat oblique in position; cell R~ wide at the wingmargin; inner ends of cells R3, Rs, and 1st M2 in obliquealignment; cell 1st M: open by the atrophy of m ; cell 3/1
present, but small; basal defl('ction of Cul about its own
length beyond the fork of M; vein 2ud A ending opposite
the origin of Rs; arculus complete. Ovipositor withacieular valves.
Genotype~ Zelandomyia pygmcea, sp. n. (Maorian Subregion).
The tiny fly that is made the type of this new genericgroup is the smallest Hexatomine fly known~ with the
exception of certain species of Polymera which are of about
the same size. Its general appearance is more like a species
of Gonomyia than a Limnophila, to which genus it is mostclosely allied. The medial field of the wing suggests eertaiu
Pediciine Tipulidm, such as Dicranota and Rhaphidolabis.

Zelandomyia pygm6ea, sp. n.
General coloration pale brownish yellow ; size very small(wing of ? 3"5 ram.) ; wings greyish yellow; cross-veinsr and ra lacking; vein / ~ oblique in position; cell M1t)resent.
Female.--~ength 3"5 mm. ; wing 3"5 ram.
Rostrum and palpi pale brown. Anteanm short, testaceous. Head pale brown.
Mesonotuul and pleura pale brownish yellow, unmarked.
Halteres pale, the knobs large. Legs with the coxm andtrochanters yellow; remainder of the legs pale brown,new or llttle-known Tipulidm.

107

scarcely darkened distally. Wings with a faint greyishyellow tinge; veins pale brown. Venation as discussed
under the generic characterization.
Abdomen pale brownish yellow, the sternites It little paler.
Hub. New Zealand (North Island).
Holotype, ?, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, January 28,
19:~2 (T. R. Harris).

Gynoplistia eluta, sp. n.
General coloration grey, the pr~escutum with three darker
stripes; antennm with seventeen segments; wings tinged
with pale brown, the pattern very pale and diffuse; pleurites
of male hypopygium with spinous basal lobes.
dlIale.--Length 12"5 mm.; wing 9"2 mm.
_Female.--Length 15"5 mm. ; wing 12 mm.
Rostrum pale brown, the palpi dark brown, kntennm
with the scape yellow, first flagellar segment light brown ;remainder of the antennm, including all the peetinations,
black ; antennal formula in d' 2 + 3 + 8 + 4 , the pcctinationsof moderate length; formula in ? 2 + 3 + 6 + 6 .
Headbrown, the front and orbits pruinose.
M~:sonotum pale brown with three rather indistinct~ darker
brown stripes ; pseudosutural fove~e reddish ; remainder ofmesonotum weakly pruinose; the seutal lobes darker.
Pleura pruinose. Halteres obscure yellow, the knobs alittle darker. Legs with the coxm yellow, weakly pruinose;
troehanters yellow; femora pale brown, the tips broadly
yellow, enclosing a narrow brown subterminal ring ; in the? the femora arc uniformly pale brown ; tibim and metatarsi
pale brown, the terminal tarsal segments black. Wings
tinged with pale brown (c~) or yellowish brown ( ? ) with avery diffuse, pale brown pattern, so that at first sight tim
wings appear almost unicolorous; stigma oval, brown,sending a paler brown seam along the cord and outer end ofcell 1st M~ ; a pale brown spot at origin of Rs. Venation :Sc'~ ending beyond the end of Re, Sc~ at its tip ; cell lsl Mg
relatively small, the basal deflection of Cu~ beyond midlength; petiole of cell 3/1 two and one-half to three times m.
Abdominal tergites brown, the subterminal segments
scarcely darkened ; hypopygium a little paler. Male hypopygium with conspicuous, blackened, spinous, basal lobes on
the mesal face of pleuritcs ; outer pleural appendage bifid
and blackened at apex, the smooth arm shorter than thedenticulate arm; inner pleural appendage with an obtuse
tooth near mid-length of the lower face.

108

Dl'. C. P. Alexander on

Hab. New Zealaml (North Island).
Holotype, c~, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, December 25,
1921 (T. R. Harris).
Xllotopotype, 9.
Paratopotype, ~ ~ December 20, 1921 ; paratypes, 2 ~ ? ,Waimarino, January 1922 (3~[r. Fenwick).
Cerozodia hiemalis, Sl). n.
Coloration in alcohol dark brown; antennae with seventeen segments, the terminal segment elongate; wings andhalteres subequal in length (in ~ ).
JFeraale.--Length 24 ram. ; wing 2"5 ram.
Described from an alcoholic specimen.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae dark brown,with apparently only seventeen segments~ the terminal segment being a composite that is as long as the preceding
three taken together ; the formula is 2 + 10 + 5, interpretingthe terminal segment as being a unit; longest pectinatiou
about as long as the segment. Head dark brown.
Thorax dark brown, the pseudosutural foveae pale.
Halteres and wings subequal in length, pale brown~ thelatter slightly curved, strap-like. Legs brown~ covered withconspicuous erect brown setm.
Abdomen brown, the ovipositor passing into horn-colour.
Ovipositor with the tergal valves elongate, gently upcurved.
Hab. New Zealand (North Island).
Holotype, ?~ Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet~ July 1921
(T. R. Harris).
The reference of this fly to Cerozodia is somewhat provisional, and it may prove to belong to Gynoplistia when themale sex is discovered.
Macromaslix longioricornis, sp. n.
Male.--Length 11"5-12 ram. ; wing 14"4-15 mm. ; antenna 17-17"5 mm.
Described from alcoholic material.
Bearing a general resemblance to a small AI. binotata,
Hutton, from which it is readily told by the elongate
antennae and the coloration of the wings and abdomen.
Compared with binotata, the present species differs as
follows : w
Antennae of male approximately one-half longer than the
body. Vertical tubercle more prominent. Wings with theground-colour yellowish grey, the ocellate spot at mid-lengthnew or little-k~ow,. 'l'it)ulid~e.

109

of vein M not touching the origin of Rs ; the band along
the cord that occurs in binotala is here much broken up,
represented chiefly by a vague clouding cephalad of r-m anda conspicuous dark brown spot at the fork of Cu. Venation :cell 1st M~ more elongate ; cell Ms short-petiolate to sessile.
Second abdominal segment not yellow on the basal half.
Hab. New Zealand (North Island).
Holotype, ~ , Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, July 1921
(T. R. Ha~'ris).
Paratopotypes, 8 c~ c~, with tim type ; 1 c~, May 17, 1922 ;paratype, l ~ , Owhango, July 1, 1922 (T. R. Harris).

Macromastix hallerata, sp. n.
General coloration dark brown ; antennm short ; halteresvery long; wings strongly tinged with brown; basal
deflection of Cul far before the fork of M ; abdominal
sternites bicolorous.
Male.--Le~gth 7 ram. ; wing 8"3-8"5 ram.
Described from alcoholic m a t e r i a l
Frontal prolongation of the head short, light brown;nasus lacking; palpi short, pale brown. Antennm short,pale browll, tile basal flagellar segmel~ts narrowed basally,a little produced apically on the ventral face, the terminal
five segments elongate, cylindrical or nearly so, gradually
becoming more elongate to the elld. Head dark brown, theanterior part of the vertex paler.
Mesonotal prmscutum dark brown with three yellowishbrown stripes, tile medial stripe further subdivided by acapillary dark v i t t a ; remainder of mesonotum brown.
Pleura obscure brownish yellow, with no distinct marki~lgs.
tlalteres very long and slender (25 ram.), brown. Legs
with the coxm concolorous with the pleura; trochanters
a little darker; remainder of the legs dark brown, theextreme femoral bases paler. Wings with a strong darkbrown tinge, the stigma even darker brown; obliterative
areas before the stigma and across the base of cell 1st 11i2.
Wing-base subpetiolatc, so the basal half of cell 2nd A isvery narrow. Venation: cell 2ndR1 small; petiole of cellMs variable, from about equal to m to almost lacking ; basal
deflection of Ca1 before the fork of M, the fusion variable,from about equal to m to almost at the fork of M ; fusionof Ma and Cus about equal to the fusion of M and Cul.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, the sternitcs yellow~ withthe bases of the segments narro~vly infuscated.

110

On new or llttte-lcnown Tipulida.

Hub. New Zealand (North Island).
Holotype, c~, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, July 1921
( T. R. Harris).
Paratopotypes, 6 g c~, with the type; 9 c~ ~ , May 21,
1922 ; 3 c~ d ~ May 28, 1922 (T. R. Harris).
Macromaslix angusticosta, sp. n.
General coloration grey, the prascutum with three (larkbrown stripes, the median one fulvous at ~nterior end ; wings
subhyaIine, cells C and Sc dark brown; abdominal tergites
deep reddish brown, ttle lateral margins broadly pale.
M a l e . - - L e n g t h about 15 ram. ; wing 18"4 mm.
Frontal prolongation of the head brown, darker brownbeneath, the nasus very short and broad ; palpi dark brown.
Antenna short, the first segment yellow, the second segment pale brown; flagellum dark brown.
Head brown,
dark brown on the gena, fulvous on the low vertical
tubercle and on the orbits, the vertex when viewed obliquelywith a silvery sheen.
~[esonotal praescutum light brownish grey with threevelvety dark brown stripes, tim median stripe fulvous-orange
anteriorly, forming a very conspicuous triangular area;
median stripe indistinctly split by a pale line; humeral
region and lateral margins light yellow; scutal lobes obscureorange, the median area broadly pruinose ; a small brownspot on latero-caudal portion of each scutal lobe ; scutellum
obscure fulvous, sparsely pruinose, the lateral margins of themedian lobe greenish yellow; postnotum brown, paler
caudally, the surface sparsely pruinose. Pleura dark brown,
sparsely pruinose, with a broad, ventral, longitudinal, grey
stripe, ttalteres brown, the knobs greenish. Legs withthe coxa l)ruinose; trochanters obscure yellow; femora
light yellowish brown, the tips conspicuously but rather
narrowly blackened; tibia uniformly yellowish brown;
tarsi similar, the terminal segments black; legs elongate.
Wings subhyaline, ceils C and Sc dark brown ; wing-base,
before the arculus, tinged with yellowish brown; stigma
conspicuous, dark brown, preceded and followed by indistinct
yellowish areas ; veins dark brown, slender.
Venation:cell 2rid R1 small, rectangular; petiole of cell M 1 shorter
than m ; m-cu obliterated by fusion ; cell 2nd A moderately
broad.
Abdominal tergites deep reddish brown, the lateral
margins broadly whitish, this coloratiou decreasing in extent

On the Species as ~ Ge~c-comple.~ ~.

111_

distally, margined internally by a deep blackish a r e a ;sternites uniformly dark brown, the hypoi)ygium more
reddish brown.
Hab. New Zealand (North Island).
Hololype, c~, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, December 23,
1921 (T. 1~. Harris).

V I I I . - - A zVote on t~e Species as a Gene-complex.
B y GuY C. ROBSON, M.A.
UP to the presenlb no very satisfactory solution of tile " species
question" has been offered by the gemticist. He has i,~deedSul)plied some very just criticisms of the taxonomist's attitude
towalds the ~' species," particularly on the question of their
origin; but he has nevertheless produced no constructive
solution of the problem. The effect of genetic studies in tile
field of taxonomy has been, in fact, similar to that of theSelection theory. Bateson has poihted out (I, p. 10) the
falsification of Darwin's prediction that~ when his interpregation was adopted, " t h e disputes whether or not some fifty
species of British brambles are good species or not willcease," only to admit on another page (l. c. p. 3)~ " I cannot
assert that we are already in a position to answer thisimportant question" ( W h a t is a species?).
In the tollowing note I venture to indicate ~ method bywhich at least some precision might be introduced into thediscussion. I do not wish to claim originality for those views.
They are partly a restat:ement~ in a different terminology
or' those held by other people. I venture to think thatsuch a restatement is necessary at the present time.
W e are offered two mutually exclusive views on the nalureof species. One is ~hat a species is a purely arbitrary
association of individuals agreeing in respect of certain
characters, an association justifiable on pragmatical grounds
as affording a working basis for the task otl classification.
The other view is that the species is a biological reality, though
no means at present are available for arriving at a satisfactory
criterion or of unifying the species-concept as it is applied
to the various groups of animals and plants. A number ofsuggestions have been made as to what such a criterion might