【ノート】
ハワイ州における高大連携プログラム

ࣁ࣡࢖ᕞ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㧗኱㐃ᦠࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛỌ⏣⣧୍㸪㧗ᆅ⚽᫂㸪ᮡཎᩄᙪ㸦ᗈᓥ኱Ꮫ㸧⡿ ᅜ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ⌧ ᅾ 㸪 ึ ➼ ᩍ ⫱ ࠿ ࡽ 㧗 ➼ ᩍ ⫱ ࡲ ࡛ ࡢ ࢩ ࣮ ࣒ ࣞ ࢫ ࡞ ᥋ ⥆ ࢆ ࡵ ࡊ ࡍ ࠕ P16(ࡲࡓࡣ K-16, P-20)ࠖ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇ࡀከࡃࡢᕞ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᗈᓥ┴ࡢබ❧㧗ᰯ࡜ጜጒᰯ⥾⤖ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࣁ࣡࢖ᕞࡢ㧗ᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㧗኱᥋⥆࡟㛵ࡍࡿ ㄪ ᰝ ࡢ 㝿 ࡟ 㸪 P-20㸦 ࣁ ࣡ ࢖ ᕞ 㸧 ࣉ ࣟ ࢢ ࣛ ࣒ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ㄪ ᰝ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ ᶵ ఍ ࢆ ᚓ ࡓ ࠋ ⡿ ᅜ඲య࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᭱㏆ࡢ≧ἣ࡜ࣁ࣡࢖ᕞ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ≧ἣ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡑࡢ≉ᚩࢆศᯒࡋ㸪ᡃࡀᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㧗኱㐃ᦠཬࡧ㧗኱᥋⥆࡬ࡢ♧၀ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡣࡌࡵ࡟㊊㸪୙ᮏព㐍Ꮫ࡞࡝࡟ᑐࡍࡿ♫఍ⓗ࡞༴᝹㸪 ୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟఍࡟ࡼࡿࠕึ➼୰➼ᩍ⫱࡜㧗㸦㸱㸧Ꮫຊࡢᐃ⩏࡟࠾ࡅࡿ▱㆑㔞ࡢ࢖ࣥࣉࢵ➼ᩍ⫱࡜ࡢ᥋⥆ࡢᨵၿ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ㸦୰ኸᩍ⫱ࢺ࠿ࡽỗ⏝ⓗ࡞⬟ຊࢆࡩࡃࡵࡓࢥࣥࣆࢱࣥࢩᑂ㆟఍㸪 1999 㸧ࡀ⟅⏦ࡉࢀ࡚௨㝆㸪ᡃࡀᅜ࣮࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࡬ࡢኚ໬㸪ࡢ 3 Ⅼࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸࡛ࡣ㸪㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡜኱Ꮫࡀ㐃ᦠࡋࡓάື࡛࠶ࡿࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪㧗኱㐃ᦠάືࢆᚋᢲࡋࡍࡿࠕ㧗኱㐃ᦠࠖࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀ㔞ⓗ࡟ᣑ኱ࡋࡓせᅉࡣ㸪༢࡟㸪Ꮫຊపୗࡸ㐍㊰ᣦᑟࡢᙉ໬࡜㸦຾㔝 , 2004; ᮡཎ , 2007 㸧ࠋᮡཎ(2007)࡟

࠸࠺ഃ㠃ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑࡶࡑࡶ㧗ᰯ࡜኱Ꮫࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࡇࢀࡽ㧗኱㐃ᦠࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣ㸪࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⬟ຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡍ࡭ࡁ࠿㸪㸦㸯㸧ࠕ≉ᐃࡢศ㔝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㧗࠸⬟ຊ࡜ᙉ࠸࡜࠸ࡗࡓᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ⓗ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ෌᳨ウ࡬ࡢせồពḧࢆᣢࡕ㸪㧗➼Ꮫᰯࣞ࣋ࣝࡢෆᐜ࡟࡜࡝ࡲ࠿ࡽࡶ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡽࡎᵝࠎ࡞ᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᕼᮃࡍࡿ⏕ 㧗኱㐃ᦠάື࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ከᵝ࡞ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛᚐࠖࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸪㸦㸰㸧ࠕ㧗ᰯࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⡿ᅜࡢ≧ἣ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡢ㐍㊰ᣦᑟࡢ⠊␪࡟ධࡾ㸪୍᪉ࡢ኱Ꮫ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡲ࡛࡟ࡶከࡃࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ࡓࡣ㧗ᰯ⏕࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪኱Ꮫࡢ≉Ⰽ➼ࢆ࢔ࣆ࣮ࣝ࡜࠼ࡤᑠᕝ࣭ᑠ㔝ᑎ , 2009; ⚄ཎ , 2011; ⚟ࡍࡿᶵ఍࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ධᏛᨻ⟇࣭Ꮫ⏕ເ㞟᪉⟇࡜㔝 2011 㸧ࠋ௒ᅇ㸪ᗈᓥ┴ࡢ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡜ጜጒᙉࡃ㛵㐃ࡍࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࠖ㸪ࡢ㸰ࡘ࡟኱ูࡉࢀᰯ⥾⤖ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࣁ࣡࢖ᕞࡢ㧗ᰯࡢ㐍㊰ᣦࡿࠋ㸲ᖺไ኱Ꮫ࡬ࡢ㐍Ꮫ⋡ࡀ 50 㸣ࢆ㉸࠼㸪ᑟ➼࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ࡟㝿ࡋ㸪㧗኱㐃ᦠࣉࣟࢢࣛࡉࡽ࡟ከᵝ࡞㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵㐍Ꮫ⪅ࢆྵࡵࡿ࡜࣒࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࣁ࣡࢖ᕞᩍ⫱┬ᢸᙜ⪅ཬࡧࣁ㧗ᰯ༞ᴗ⪅ࡢ70%௨ୖࡢࡶࡢࡀ୰➼ᚋᩍ⫱࣡࢖ᕞ❧኱Ꮫ➼࡟࠾࠸࡚࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ➼ࡢㄪ(post secondary education) ᶵ㛵࡟㐍Ꮫࡍࡿᰝࢆ⾜࠺ᶵ఍ࢆᚓࡓࠋࣁ࣡࢖ᕞ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㧗኱ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝẁ㝵࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㧗኱㐃ᦠࡢ⌧≧ศᯒࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㸪ᡃࡀᅜ࡬ࡢ♧၀ࢆ㐃ᦠࡀ⌧ᅾồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ௨ୗࡢ⠇᳨࡛ウࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ⚄ཎ (2011) ࡣ㸪㧗኱㐃ᦠࡢつᶍᣑ኱ࡀ⏕ࡌ ࡓ⫼ᬒ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪㸦㸯㸧Ꮫᰯᙧែࡢ⮬⏤ᗘࡢቑ ⡿ᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ3 .3➼ຍࡸ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ㑅ᢥᗘࡢ㧗ࡲࡾ➼࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ᒎ㛤ࡢጞࡲࡾ

ᬑ㏻ᩍ⫱ࡢ᏶ᡂ࣭ᢸಖ⿦⨨࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᶵ⬟ࡢ႙⡿ᅜࡢ኱Ꮫࡢ≉ᚩࡣ㸪ࡑࡢከᵝᛶ࡟࠶ࡿࡇኻ㸪㸦㸰㸧ᇶᮏⓗ࡞Ꮫຊపୗ࣭Ꮫ⩦ពḧࡢ୙࡜ࡣ㸪ࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀࡓ஦ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡣ㸪- 123 -

大学入試研究ジャーナル第 25 号

ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢෆᐜ࡜࠸ࡗࡓᩍ⫱ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜࠼ࡤ࢜ࣞࢦࣥᕞ࡛ࡣ 1995 ᖺ㸪ࣁ࣡࢖ᕞࡀ

ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪ධᏛ⪅ࡢᖺ㱋ᵓᡂ㸪༞ᴗᚋࡢ㐍

2002 ᖺ㸪ࣇࣟࣜࢲᕞࡀ 2003 ᖺ➼࡛࠶ࡿ㊰㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ኱Ꮫタ⨨ᙧែࡢከᵝᛶ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ

( ஧ᐑ , 2010) ࠋᖜᗈ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ึ➼࣭୰➼ᩍ⫱࡟ࡉ࡚㸪ᒣ⏣ (2011:39) ࡣࠕK16࡟㇟ᚩࡉࢀ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᆅ᪉⮬἞య࡛࠶ࡿᕞᨻᗓࡀ⟶㎄ࡋࡿᩍ⫱᥋⥆࡜ࡣ㸪ึ➼ᩍ⫱࠿ࡽ኱Ꮫࡲ࡛㸪ඣ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ᕞࡈ࡜࡟ከᵝ࡞≧ἣࡀぢࡽ❺㸪⏕ᚐ㸪Ꮫ⏕ࡀ㌟࡟௜ࡅࡿ࡭ࡁᩍ⫱ࡢෆᐜࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Ravitch, 2001, 2011㸧ࠋ࡟ࡣ୍㈏ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ㄆ㆑ࢆᇶ┙࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣࡢ୰㸪 1983 ᖺ࡟ࡣ㸪⡿ᅜࡿࠖ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ከࡃࡢᕞ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡢᩍ⫱≧ἣ࡬ࡢ㆙㚝ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ࡛࠶ࡿホ౯ᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫ⋡ࡸSATࢫࢥ࢔➼ࡢ

͆A Nation at Risk(National Commission㔞ⓗᣦᶆࢆᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪 P-16 ࡀ┠ᣦࡍෆ

on Excellence in Education, 1983)͇ ࡀሗ࿌ᐜࡣ㸪༢࡟ࢫࢥ࢔ࡢ㏣ཬࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᤵࡉࢀ㸪ࡇࢀ௨㝆㸪ከࡃࡢᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉࡟ᑐࡍࡿᥦᴗࡸ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛᨵၿ➼ᩍဨ࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡿᣦᶆゝࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ㸪ᐇ⾜࡟⛣ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ (Ravitch,➼ࡶྵࡵࡓᗈ⠊࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸪

2001, 2011) ࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ᚋᮇ୰➼ᩍ⫱࡜ࡢ࡜ࡢᣦ᦬ࡶ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (Chamerlin and㛵㐃࡛ࡣ㸪㧗ᰯ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᵝࠎ࡞㆟ㄽࡀ࡞ࡉ

Plucker, 2008) ࠋࠕ୍ேࡢᏊ౪ࢆ⫱࡚ୖࡆࡿࢀ㸪౛࠼ࡤ Clark(1985) ࡀබ❧Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢ㐃⥆ࡋࡓ⥲ྜⓗ࣭య⣔ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱ࢩࢫࢸ⥲ྜไ㧗ᰯࡢゎయ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᥦゝࢆ♧ࡍ୍᪉㸪࣒ࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉Goodlad (1985)ࡣ㸪ᨵ㠉ࡣᚲせࡔࡀ⥲ྜไࢆ

ࡀᾐ㏱ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺஧ᐑ(2010: 8)ࡢᣦ᦬

ゎయࡍࡿࡢࡣၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦኱ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ㸪 P-16 ࡢ┠ᣦࡍᖜᗈ࠸ᯟ⤌ࡳ࡬ࡢ⬥,2002㸧ࠋࡑࡢᚋ㸪 2001 ᖺ࡟NCLBどⅬࡀ㸪ᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ㸦 No Child Left Behind 㸧ἲࡀ㐃㑥ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ไᐃࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡾ㸪඲⡿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢝ࣜ࢟ ࣁ࣡࢖ᕞ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㧗኱㐃ᦠࣉࣟࢢ࣒࣒ࣛࣗࣛ➼ࡢᶆ‽໬ࡢືࡁࡀάⓎ໬ࡋࡓ㸦 3 㸧(Archive and The Education Trust, 2008; ᯇ ⤌⧊࡜┠ⓗᑿ㸪 2010; Ravitch, 2011; ▼஭㸪 2011) ࠋࡓ ࣁ࣡࢖ᕞ࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕ Hawaii P-20

ࡔࡋ㸪NCLBἲࡣ㸪㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶ㸪Partnerships for Education ࠖ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿྛK-8 ᡃࡀᅜࡢ୰Ꮫ㸰ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢᩍ⫱࡟┦ᙜᩍ⫱ẁ㝵㸦ᗂඣᩍ⫱㹼㧗➼ᩍ⫱㸧ࡢ᥋⥆ࡸ㐃ࢆ୺࡞ᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿᣦ᦬ࡶ࠶ࡿᦠࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪(Kirst et al., 2004: 314-315) ࠋ 

๓㏙ࡢ P-16 ࡢࣁ࣡࢖ᕞ∧㸦ᅗ 1 㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᵝࠎ࡞㆟ㄽࢆ࡜࠾ࡋ࡚ࠊ (1) ึ➼୰➼ᩍ⫱ࡑࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠕ඲࡚ࡢ⏕ᚐࡀ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱࡜࢟ࣕࣜ࡜㧗➼ᩍ⫱࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢࠕ୍㈏ᛶ࡜㐃⥆ᛶࠖࡢḞⴠࠊ (2) Ꮫᰯ࡜♫఍࡜ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡶᙅ࠸ࠊ࡜࠸࠺཯┬࠿ࡽࠊࠕᗂ⛶ᅬ࠿ࡽ኱Ꮫࡲ࡛ࡢᏛᰯ㛫ࡢ᥋⥆ࢆࢫ࣒࣮ࢬ࡟ࡋࠊ♫఍࡛ά㌍࡛ࡁࡿேᮦࢆ㣴ᡂ࣭‽ഛࡍࡿࠖࡓࡵࡢᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉࢖ࢽࢩ࢔ࢳࣈࡀ P-16 ࡜ࡋ࡚⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ ( ஧ᐑ , 2010) ࠋ᭱ึࡣࠕ㐃ྜ(Alliances)ࠖࠕ఍
㆟ (Councils) ࠖࡀྛᕞ࡛タ⨨ࡉࢀ , ࡑࡢᚋࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 1) ࠋ
P-16 ࡢ㛤ጞ᫬ᮇ࡟ࡣ࠿࡞ࡾࡢᖜࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡓ

ᅗ 1 P-20 Partnerships ࡢᑐ㇟- 124 -ハワイ州における高大連携プログラム

࢔ᙧᡂ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᡂຌࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ᗂඣᩍ⫱࠿ ホ౯ᣦᶆࡽ㧗➼ᩍ⫱࡬ࡢࣃ࢖ࣉࣛ࢖ࣥ㸦 Pipeline 㸧ࢆࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ≉࡟㸪㧗ᰯ࡜኱Ꮫ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿᣦᶆᙉ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ 2) ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪≉࡟ලయⓗ࡞ᣦᶆ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ 3.4 ⠇࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪͆ 2025 ᖺࡲ࡛࡟㸪ᡂேேཱྀ㸦⏕⏘CCSS ࡣ㸪⡿ᅜࡢከࡃࡢᕞ࡛タᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᖺ㱋ேཱྀ㸧ࡢ࠺ࡕ 55 㸣ࡀ 2 ᖺไࡲࡓࡣ 4 ᖺᩍ⫱┠ᶆ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ࠕⱥㄒࠖࠕᩘ

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࠸ࡿࠋࡣ writing( ⱥㄒ ) ࡸᩘᏛ⬟ຊ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᩍᖌࡢ࡜ࡿ࡭ࡁᩍ⫱᪉ἲ➼࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ

 +DZDLL3 ࢖ࢽࢩ࢔ࢳࣈ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

๓㏙ࡢ┠ⓗ࡬ࡢྲྀ⤌ࡳࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᗂࣁ࣡࢖ᕞࡢ P-20 ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪≉࡟ⱥㄒ࡜ඣᩍ⫱࠿ࡽึ➼ᩍ⫱ึᮇ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡢࣉࣟࢢࣛᩘᏛࡢ⬟ຊ⫱ᡂ࡟㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨ࡁ㸪ྛ㧗ᰯูࡢ࢔࣒ࡀ P-3 ࢖ࢽࢩ࢔ࢳࣈ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪ᕞෆࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ➼ࡢᡂ⦼ࢆබ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋホ౯ࡢࡢ Preschool, Kindergarten, Elementaryᣦᶆࡣ㸪 CCRI (College and Careerschoolࡀ㐃ᦠࡋࡓάື࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᗂඣ࠿ࡽ 8 ṓReadiness Indicators) ࡜࿧ࡤࢀ㸪ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢࡢඣ❺㸦ᑠᏛᰯ➨ 3 Ꮫᖺ㸧ࡲ࡛ࡢᩍ⫱᥋⥆ࢆබ❧㧗ᰯ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ HP ୖ࡛බ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸺 CCRI ࡢෆᐜ㸼ᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ(1) *($583+DZDLL ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㧗ᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᡂᯝ
࣭㧗ᰯ༞ᴗ㈨᱁ྲྀᚓ≧ἣ࣭༞ᴗ⋡⤒῭ⓗᅔ❓ᗘࡢ㧗࠸୰࣭㧗ࡢ⏕ᚐ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ኱Ꮫ࡬ࡢ㐍Ꮫࢆᨭ᥼ࡍࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ࠶ࡾ㸪࣭ Hawaii State Assessment(HAS):

2011 㹼 2018 ᖺࡢᮇ㛫࡟⣙ 2 ൨ࢻࣝࡢண⟬Reading, Mathematics, Science.
࣭࢔ࢻࣂࣥࢫࢺࣉࣞ࢖ࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ (AP) ཬࡀ⡿ᅜᩍ⫱┬࡟࠾࠸࡚ィୖࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࡧࣛࣥࢽࣥࢢࢫࢱ࣮ࢺ(RS)ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ ᩍဨᑐ㇟ࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ཧຍ≧ἣ 4)

 ๓⠇࡛ࡶ♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪 P-20 ࡢᴫᛕࡣ⏕࣭SATࢫࢥ࢔ᚐࡢ⬟ຊྥୖࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪ᩍ⫱ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᨵ(2)኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫ⋡ၿ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᩍဨࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ

(3)ࣁ࣡࢖ᕞ❧኱Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᒚಟ≧ἣ࣭ᩘᏛࡢูࣞ࣋ࣝᒚಟ≧ἣ (College-ࡓࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡶ㛤ദࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㸪 2013 ᖺ 9 ᭶࡟ࡣ㸪 ”College oflevel, Remedial/Developmental,

Education Common Core States

Other, Not Enrolled in Any

Standards[CCSS] Symposium” ࡜㢟ࡋ࡚㸪Mathematics Course㧗ᰯ࡜኱Ꮫࡢ㛵ಀ⪅࡟ࡼࡾ㸪኱Ꮫ࡛ࡢᏛࡧ࡟࣭ⱥㄒࡢูࣞ࣋ࣝᒚಟ≧ἣ (College-࠾ࡅࡿࢥ࢔࡜࡞ࡿ▱㆑ࡸࢫ࢟ࣝ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡢࢩlevel, Remedial/Developmental,

࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡀ㛤ദࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪 2012

Other, Not Enrolled in Any Englishᖺ㸲᭶࡟ࡣ ”GEAR UP Writing Summit” ࡀCourse)㛤ദࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᆅඖࡢ㧗ᰯᩍဨ࡟ࡼ
ࡿ ”Building Curriculum Alignment and౛࠼ࡤ௒ᅇゼၥࡋࡓ㸰ࡘࡢ㧗ᰯࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸯

Articulation Partnerships for Student࡟♧ࡍࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᅗ 2 ࡟ AP ಟᚓ≧ἣ࡜኱Ꮫ㐍

Success”࡜㢟ࡋࡓㅮ₇➼ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 3) ࠋᏛ⋡ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ୚࠼ࡿࠋ AP ಟᚓ࡟ࡣ㸪 1 ⛉┠௨ୖࡢྜ᱁⪅ࡢ๭ྜࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ 2 ᰯ- 125 -大学入試研究ジャーナル第 25 号

⾲ 1 ࣁ࣡࢖ᕞ P-20 ࡢホ౯ᣦᶆ (CCRI) ࡢࢆỴࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୍⯡࡟ࡣྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪౛ࠋ⾲୰ࡢ್ࡣ➨ 9 Ꮫᖺ᫬ࡢ⏕ᚐᩘࢆẕᩘ⮬↛⛉Ꮫ㸪་⒪⣔࡟㐍Ꮫࢆᕼᮃࡍࡿሙྜ㸪ᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ๭ྜ㸦 %㸧Ꮫࡸ⌮⛉ࡢᣦᐃࡉࢀࡓᩍ⛉࣭⛉┠ࢆ㧗ᰯ᫬௦ ᖺ ༞ᴗ⋡ $3ಟᚓ⋡኱Ꮫ㐍ᩘᏛᒚᏛ⋡   ಟ⋡ ࡟ᒚಟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲ㡲᮲௳࡛࠶ࡿሙྜࡀከ࠸ࠋࡑࡢሙྜ࡛ࡶ㸪ᑓᨷࢆධᏛᚋ࡟ኚ᭦ࡍࡿ$ 㧗ᰯ㐨ࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪᫬㛫ࢆ࠿ࡅࢀࡤ෌ධᏛࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡞% 㧗ᰯࡃ␗࡞ࡿศ㔝ࡢᏛಟࢆ㐍ࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ༞ᴗࡲ࡛࡟ᶆ‽ࡢ 4 ᖺ௨ୖࢆせࡍࡿሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑ࡛ࡣ㸪 AP ಟᚓ≧ἣ࡟኱ࡁ࡞┦㐪ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪ᅗ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪඲య࡛ࡳࢀࡤࡼࡾ㧗࠸ AP ಟᚓ⋡࡯࡝㧗࠸኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫ⋡࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪 APಟᚓࡀ኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫࢆಁࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

ࡶࡑࡶ 4 ᖺ㛫࡛༞ᴗࡍࡿ๭ྜࡣ᪥ᮏ࡯࡝㧗ࡃ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪㧗➼ᩍ⫱࡟㐍Ꮫࡋࡓᚋࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࡑࢀ௨๓ࡢ୰➼ᩍ⫱࡜ࡢ㐃ᦠࡸ᥋⥆ࡢ≧ἣࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᐜ᫆࡟᝿ീ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪᪥ᮏ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡸ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔࡜࠸ࡗࡓᅜࠎ࡛ࡣከࡃࡢሙྜ㸪ධヨ㸦᥋⥆㸧ẁ㝵࡛ධᏛᚋࡢᑓ㛛ศ㔝ࢆỴࡵࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟㧗ᰯ᫬௦࡟᪥ᮏ࡜ྠࡌࡃ㸪㐍Ꮫࡍࡿࠕศ㔝ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢධヨ࡟ᚲせ࡞ࠕᩍ⛉࣭⛉┠ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࢝࢘ࣥࢭ࣮ࣛᩍဨ࡜ヲ⣽࡞ヰࡋྜ࠸ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᮡཎ㸪 2013 㸧ࠋ ᥋⥆᪉ἲࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪㐃ᦠ࡟ࡶ␗࡞ࡿࢫࢱ࢖ࣝࡸ᪉ྥᛶࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚ࡃࡿࡢࡶᚲ↛࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ᪥ᮏࡸ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔࡛ࡣ㸪㧗➼ᩍ⫱㐍Ꮫ๓ࡢẁ㝵࡛㸪࠸࠿࡟ࡋ࡚

ᅗ 2  AP ಟᚓ≧ἣ࡜኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫ⋡ࡢ㛵ಀࠋᅗ୰ࡢ್ࡣࢹ࣮ࢱᖺᗘࢆ♧ࡍࠋ⮬㌟ࡢࡍࡍࡴ࡭ࡁศ㔝ࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿ࠿ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡾ 5) 㸪㧗኱㐃ᦠ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㔜せどࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸪⡿ᅜ࡛ࡣ㸪ศ㔝㑅ᢥࡶ㔜せ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪 㧗኱㐃ᦠཬࡧ㧗኱᥋⥆࡬ࡢ♧၀ ᡃࡀᅜࡢ㧗ᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫ࡛ࡣ㸪ศ㔝ࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᴟࡵ࡚ከࡃࡢປຊࢆ㧗ᰯ⏕ࡣ࠿ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪ධᏛᚋ࡟⮬㌟ࡢᑓᨷศ㔝ࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿవᆅࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ሙྜࡀከࡃ㸪ࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟㸪㧗ᰯ᫬௦࡟㐍ᏛࡍࡿᏛၥศ㔝ࢆỴࡵ㸪ࡑࡢศ㔝࡟㛵ࡍࡿᩍ⛉▱㆑ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡼࡾ㑅ᢤᗘࡢ㧗࠸኱Ꮫ࡟㐍Ꮫࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ୍᪉㸪⡿ᅜ࡛ࡣ≉࡟ேᩥ࣭♫఍⛉Ꮫࡢศ㔝࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵࡟ධᏛᚋ㸪ᑓᨷศ㔝ᮏሗ࿌࡛࡜ࡾ࠶ࡆࡓ P-16 ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪኱Ꮫ࡟࠾࠸࡚Ꮫಟࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᇶ♏
⬟ຊࢆ㌟࡟௜ࡅࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ຊⅬࡀ⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣁ࣡࢖ᕞ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ P-20 Partnerships
ࡶ㸪㧗኱㐃ᦠ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ୺║ࡣ㸪㧗➼ᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛಟᇶ♏⬟ຊ㸦࣮࢟ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢫ㸧ࡢ⫱ᡂ࡟࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㧗኱㐃ᦠࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ
ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣮࢟ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢫ⫱ᡂࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡼࡾࡶ㸪㧗኱᥋⥆࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢධᏛ⪅㑅ᢤࢆ࠸࠿࡟࠺ࡲࡃ㏻㐣ࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⬟ຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡟ഴࡁࡀࡕ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡸࡣ
ࡾ㸪㧗ᰯ࡜኱Ꮫ୍࡛㈏ࡋ࡚⫱ᡂࡍ࡭ࡁ⬟ຊ࡜- 126 -

ハワイ州における高大連携プログラム

ࡣ࡞࡟࠿㸪ࡲࡓࡑࡢ⬟ຊࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⫱ᡂࡍ

State Standards [CCSS] Symposium,”࡭ࡁ࠿㸪࡜࠸࠺ほⅬࢆᣢࡗ࡚㧗኱㐃ᦠࡸ㧗኱

September 13, 2013, Honolulu; “GEAR᥋⥆ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ

UP Writing Summit,” April 10, 2012,

ࢃࢀࡿࠋWindward Community College,Kaneohe.

 ࠾ࢃࡾ࡟4 㸧 Advanced Placement (AP) ࡀ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ ஧ᐑ(2010)ࡣ㸪⡿ᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ P-16 ࡢྲྀࡾ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡿ኱Ꮫࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᤵᴗ࡛࠶ࡿ୍

⤌ࡳ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࢆྵࡵ࡚ᗂ⛶ᅬ᪉㸪 Running Start (RS) Program ࡣ㸪࠿ࡽ኱Ꮫ࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢᩍ⫱࣭ᨭ᥼ࡢ௙⤌ࡳࢆࣁ࣡࢖ᕞ❧኱Ꮫ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡿᤵᴗ࡛࠶

୍㈏ⓗ⥲ྜⓗ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡍ࡭ࡁࡾ㸪ᐇ᪋᫬ᮇࡣ኱Ꮫࡢఇᴗᮇ㸦᫓㸪ኟ㸪࠿㸪࡜࠸࠺ 21 ୡ⣖ᆺᩍ⫱ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆၥ࠺࡚⛅㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㧗ᰯ⏕ࡣྲྀᚓࡋࡓ༢఩

࠸ࡿࠖ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝẁ(credits) ࢆ㧗ᰯࡢ༞ᴗ༢఩࡟ྵࡵࡿࡇ࡜㝵ࡢᩍ⫱᥋⥆ࡢㄢ㢟࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪ྜྷ⏣ (2011:ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ180) ࡣ㸪ࠕࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞♫఍㝵ᒙ

5 㸧ࠕ኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫ⋡ࠖࡣ 4 ᖺไ࡜ 2 ᖺไ኱Ꮫࡢࡀᩍ⫱ࡢᶵ఍࡟࠶ࡎ࠿ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿㸪࡜ྜィࠋࠕᩘᏛᒚಟ⋡ࠖࡣ㸪ࣁ࣡࢖ᕞ❧኱࠸࠺㑅ᢤࡢḟඖࡢၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪᥋⥆ࡢၥᏛ࡬ࡢ㐍Ꮫ⪅ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪 remedial /㢟ࡀᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࡢഃ㠃࡟ᣑࡀࡾࢆࡶࡘࡇ࡜࡛㸪developmental ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᩘᏛࢆᒚಟࡋࡓᶵ఍ࡢၥ㢟࠿ࡽᡂᯝࡢၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ၥࢃࢀࡿࡼࡶࡢࡢ๭ྜࢆ♧ࡍ (College ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡜ᑐ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠖ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋẚࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ ) ࠋཧ⪃ࡲ࡛࡟㸪ᕞෆࡢ኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫ⪅ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪 70.3% (2012 ᖺ ) ࡀࣁᮏሗ࿌࡛ࡣ㸪㧗ᰯ࡜኱Ꮫࡢ㐃ᦠ࣭᥋⥆ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࡶࡑࡶ P-16 ࡜ࡣ㸪ࡼࡾ኱ࡁ࡞࣡࢖ᕞ❧኱Ꮫ࡟㐍Ꮫࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᯟ⤌ࡳࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ึ➼ᩍ⫱࡜୰➼ᩍ⫱࡜ࡢ᥋⥆ࡶࡑࡢ㔜せ࡞ᑐ㇟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㧗ᰯ༞ᴗᚋ௜グ࡟㸵๭ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ⏕ᚐࡀࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞୰➼ᚋᩍ⫱ᮏ◊✲ࡣ-636⛉◊㈝  ࡢຓᡂࢆཷࡅᶵ㛵࡟㐍Ꮫࡍࡿᡃࡀᅜࡸ⡿ᅜࡢ⌧≧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᯟ⤌ࡳ࡛࡜ࡽ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ㔜せᛶࡀ௒᪥ࡲࡍࡲࡍቑࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜࠸࠼ㅰ㎡ࡿࠋ⡿ᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ௒ᚋࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡟ࡣ㸪࠾࠾ㄪᰝ࡟༠ຊ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࣁ࣡࢖ᕞᩍ⫱┬㸪ࣁ࣡࠸࡟⯆࿡ࡀᣢࡓࢀࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢖ᕞ❧㧗➼Ꮫᰯཬࡧࣁ࣡࢖ᕞ❧኱Ꮫࡢⓙᵝ࡟ឤㅰ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋὀ
1 㸧 Education Commission of the States,
50-State Analysis, 2008 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 28 ᪥ ,ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩Archive and The Education Trust (2008).

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