ANNEX CHAPTER 4:
FarmingDocument SA-S-SD-22
Version 1
EnglishBinding from July 1st, 2022
Published July 1st, 2022

Included in this document:
S07 Pesticides management© 2022 Rainforest Alliance. All rights reserved.

The Rainforest Alliance is creating a more sustainable world by using social and market forces toprotect nature and improve the lives of farmers and forest communities.

Name of the document

Date of first publication

Expires byAnnex Chapter 4: Farming

July 1st, 2022

Until further notice

Linked to
SA-S-SD-1 Rainforest Alliance 2020 Sustainable Agriculture Standard, Farm requirements
SA-P-SD-9 Policy on Exceptional use of FAO/WHO highly hazardous pesticides
Replaces

Applicable to

SA-S-SD-8-V1.3 Annex S07: Pesticides
Management, published December 17th, 2021

Farm Certificate Holders

Annexes are binding and must be complied with for certification.
More information
For more information about the Rainforest Alliance, visit www.rainforest-alliance.org, contact info@ra.org or contact the
Rainforest Alliance Amsterdam Office, De Ruijterkade 6, 1013AA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Translation Disclaimer
For any question related to the precise meaning of the information contained in the translation, please refer to theofficial English version for clarification. Any discrepancies or differences in meaning due to translation are not binding
and have no effect for auditing or certification purposes.
Any use of this content including reproduction, modification, distribution, or republication, without the prior writtenconsent of Rainforest Alliance is strictly prohibited.

SA-S-SD-22-V1

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OVERVIEW OF KEY CHANGESThe replaced document has been shortened to make it more user friendly.
One change in the content has been made:SectionSubject

2.

Exceptional
procedure

ChangeUse

Addition: Temporary, urgent requests are managed
outside the Exceptional Use Policy. For submitting an
emergency request, follow the Exceptional Use
procedure and include: details of the need, context,
and period in which the substance is needed.
Indicate in the title of the email: EMERGENCY request.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
S7 Pesticides management ....................................................................................................................... 4
1.

Related Standard requirements................................................................................................ 4
1.1.

Scope of this Annex ............................................................................................................................... 4

1.2.

Lists of Pesticides within the context of IPM .........................................................................................42.

Exceptional Use Procedure ....................................................................................................... 5

3.

List of prohibited pesticides ....................................................................................................... 6

4.

Obsolete substances ................................................................................................................ 14

5.

List of risk mitigation pesticides ................................................................................................ 15

6.

Risk mitigation measures required with the use of Risk Mitigation Pesticides .................... 21

7.

Requirements for aerial application ....................................................................................... 22
7.1.

Aerial Application by piloted aerial vehicles .................................................................................... 22

7.2.

Aerial application by drones .............................................................................................................. 24

SA-S-SD-22-V1

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S07 PESTICIDES MANAGEMENT
1. RELATED STANDARD REQUIREMENTS
The Rainforest Alliance standard includes multiple requirements that directly and indirectly relate
to Integrated Pest Management (IPM):•

Requirements in topic 4.5 on Integrated Pest Management.

•

Requirements in topic 4.6 on Agrochemicals Management.

•

Requirements in topic 4.7 on Harvest and Post-harvest practices.

•

Requirement 5.6.1 on Occupational Health and Safety.

1.1. Scope of this Annex
The scope of this annex includes the use of pesticides in agriculture and post-harvest carried out
by, or for, the producer. Currently, the use of chemicals by other supply chain actors after sellingfrom the farm is not included in the scope.

1.2. Lists of Pesticides within the context of IPM
This document contains the lists of Prohibited, Obsolete, and Risk Mitigation pesticides:•

The use of Prohibited and Obsolete Pesticides is prohibited for certified farms because they
are either considered Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHPs) that present major human healthand environmental risks or because they are no longer formally registered or produced, or
widely banned.

•

The use of the Risk Mitigation Pesticides is discouraged, and producers should strive to
avoid the use of these pesticides as they are known to bear significant human health andenvironmental risks. These substances should only be applied within the context of an IPM
strategy, and only when the related risk mitigation measures to protect people and theenvironment are fully implemented.

SA-S-SD-22-V1

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2. EXCEPTIONAL USE PROCEDURE
Under exceptional circumstances, exceptions can be granted for the use of pesticides included
on the Prohibited List. Exceptions can be granted for specific crop/pest and geographical scope(country or part of the country). The granted exceptions and conditions of each exception are
included in the Exceptional Use Policy. Producers do not need to get additional approval to use
an exception that is already included in the Exceptional Use Policy.
When exceptions are granted, these are in principle granted for one year. In cases where one
year is not realistic, Rainforest Alliance can choose a different timeframe. In cases where phasingout the exempted pesticide is not possible within the established timeframe, a renewal of the
exception can be considered. For this, data on actual pesticide use and an application for a new
request following this procedure will be required.
For a formal request, producers need to submit to ipm@ra.org the following information:•

Country and Region•

Name of the pesticide’s active ingredient and details of formulation•

Name of the commercial product in use•

Crop (common and scientific name)•

Pest species to be controlled (common and scientific names)•

Evidence that the specific pest species cannot currently be managed by other methods
included in the producer’s IPM strategy (e.g., cultural or other non-chemical methods)•

Evidence that other alternatives to control this pest species are not registered by the local
authority in the specific production country•

Alternatives the producer is working on

Temporary, urgent requests are managed outside the Exceptional Use Policy. For submitting an
emergency request, follow the Exceptional Use procedure and include: details of the need,
context, and period in which the substance is needed. Indicate in the title of the email:
EMERGENCY request.
The Exceptional Use Policy can be found here: Exceptional Use Policy (EUP) | Rainforest Alliancefor Business (rainforest-alliance.org)
The template for requests is available at Template for Requests for Exceptional Use of Pesticides| Rainforest Alliance for Business (rainforest-alliance.org)
After consideration by Rainforest Alliance’s technical team, granted exceptions will be includedin the Exceptional Use Policy, which will be updated half-yearly.
The following procedure will be used1:
1. Before June 30/ December 31: Producer sends in a request for an exception.
2. The Rainforest Alliance evaluates the requests and works out required conditions.
3. Every 6 months (By December 31 and June 30): The Rainforest Alliance publishes an
updated Exceptional Use Policy, including conditions to work on alternatives.

1 The Rainforest Alliance Assurance Document, Section ‘Rights reserved by the Rainforest Alliance’, refers tohandling in case of unforeseen cases

SA-S-SD-22-V1

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3. LIST OF PROHIBITED PESTICIDES
Linked to requirement 4.6.1
This list is based on the FAO/WHO Guidelines for Highly Hazardous Pesticides2. These guidelines
include the definition of Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHPs) following eight criteria. The Rainforest
Alliance List of Prohibited Pesticides has eight columns that refer to each of these criteria.
1. WHO Category 1A Extremely hazardous for human health, or 1B Highly hazardous forhuman health - indicated in the table as Acute toxicity;
2. Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), Known orpresumed carcinogenic (Categories 1A and 1B)- indicated in the table as Chronic toxicity,
carcinogenic column;
3. Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), Known orpresumed mutagenic (Categories 1A and 1B) - indicated in the table as Chronic toxicity,
mutagenic column;
4. Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), Known orpresumed to be reproductive toxicant (Categories 1A and 1B) - indicated in the table as
Chronic toxicity, reproductive toxicant column;
5. Montreal Protocol, Ozone-depleting substances - indicated in the table as International
Convention, letter M;
6. Rotterdam convention (as contained in Annex III of the Convention and subject to the PIC
procedure) - indicated in the table as International Convention, letter R;
7. Stockholm Convention, Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) - indicated in the table asInternational Convention, letter S;
8. Severe effects, pesticide’s active ingredients and formulations have shown a highincidence of severe or irreversible adverse effects on human health or the environment asinterpreted by Rainforest Alliance - indicated in the table as Severe Effects.
Rainforest Alliance’s technical experts will regularly review the Rainforest Alliance List of Prohibited
Pesticides. Pesticides added to the respective reference lists of the Montreal Protocol, Rotterdam
Convention, Stockholm Convention, WHO (Class Ia or Ib), or GHS (carcinogenicity 1A/1B,
mutagenicity 1A/1B, reproductive toxicity 1A/1B) will be included in a revised version of this list.
New evidence of substances causing a high incidence of severe or irreversible harm to humanhealth or the environment will also be considered for inclusion. A phase-out period will be definedfor newly added substances to support farmers to find alternatives.
Please note that Carbosulfan, Fenthion, and Methoxychlor have been recommended for inclusionin the Rotterdam Convention (PIC) or for inclusion in the Stockholm Convention (POP). In the eventthat these substances are included in either convention, they will also be included in the Rainforest
Alliance Prohibited List. Producers are urged to consider this, use alternative methods where
possible, and phase out these pesticides in anticipation of the listing under these conventions.
Main use abbreviations: A: Acaricide, Ad: Adjuvant, Fun: Fungicide, Fum: Fumigant, H: Herbicide, I:
Insecticide, N: Nematicide, R: Rodenticide, Wood Pres.: Wood preservation

2 International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management, Guidelines on Highly Hazardous Pesticides,
FAO/WHO, 2016

SA-S-SD-22-V1

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1. Abamectin

71751-41-2

I

2. Acetochlor

34256-82-1

A, I, N

3. Acrolein

107-02-8

H

4. Alachlor

15972-60-8

H

5. Aldicarb

116-06-3

I, A

1A

6. Alpha chlorohydrin

96-24-2

R

1B

7. Alpha-BHC; alpha-HCH

319-84-6

I, A

8. Aluminum phosphide20859-73-8

Fum

9. Amitrole

61-82-5

H

10. Anthracene oil

90640-80-5

Multiple

11. Arsenic and its
compounds

several

12. Atrazine

1912-24-9

H

13. Azafenidin

68049-83-2

H

14. Azinphos-ethyl2642-71-9

I, A

1B

15. Azinphos-methyl

86-50-0

I, A

1B

16. Benomyl

17804-35-2

Fun

17. Beta-cyfluthrin; Cyfluthrin

68359-37-5

I, A

18. Beta-HCH; beta-BCH

319-85-7

I, A

19. Blasticidin-S

2079-00-7

Fun

20. Borax; Borate salts*

severalI, A✓

21. Boric acid

10043-35-3

I, A

✓

22. Brodifacoum

56073-10-0

R

1A

✓

23. Bromadiolone

28772-56-7

R

1A

✓

24. Bromethalin

63333-35-7

R

1A

25. Bromophos-ethyl4824-78-6

I

1B

SA-S-SD-22-V1

Multiple

Severe effects

International
conventions

Reproductive
toxicant

Mutagenic

Main
use

CAS number

Carcinogenic

No.

PROHIBITED PESTICIDES
Active ingredient orgroup

Acute toxicity

Chronic toxicity

1B
✓
1B
R
R

S
✓
✓
✓
1B
(a)

✓
✓
✓

R
✓

✓

1B
S
1B

7

26. Bromoxynil3

1689-84-5

H✓

27. Bromoxynil butyrate

3861-41-4

H✓

28. Bromoxynil heptanoate

56634-95-8

H✓

29. Bromoxynil octanoate

1689-99-2

H✓

30. Butocarboxim

34681-10-2

I, A

1B

31. Butoxycarboxim

34681-23-7

I, A

1B

32. Cadusafos

95465-99-9

N, I, A

1B

33. Calcium cyanide

592-01-8R

1A

34. Captafol

2425-06-1

Fun

1A

35. Carbendazim

10605-21-7

Fun

36. Carbetamide

16118-49-3

H

37. Carbofuran

1563-66-2

I, A

38. Chlordane

57-74-9

I, A

39. Chlorethoxyphos

54593-83-8

I, A

1A

40. Chlorfenvinphos

470-90-6

I, A

1B

41. Chlormephos

24934-91-6

I, A

1A

42. Chlorophacinone

3691-35-8

R

1A

43. Chlorothalonil

1897-45-6

Fun

44. Chlorotoluron

15545-48-9

H

45. Chlorpyrifos

2921-88-2

I, A✓

46. Chlorpyrifos-methyl5598-13-0

I, A✓

47. Clothianidin

210880-92-5

I, A

48. Coumaphos

56-72-4

I, A

1B

49. Coumatetralyl

5836-29-3

R

1B

50. Creosote

8001-58-9

Wood
Pres.

✓

Severe effects

International
conventions

Reproductive
toxicant

Mutagenic

Main
use

CAS number

Carcinogenic

No.

PROHIBITED PESTICIDES
Active ingredient orgroup

Acute toxicity

Chronic toxicity

R
✓

✓
✓

1B

R
R, S

✓
✓
✓

✓

✓
✓

3 Bromoxynil and its esters (Bromoxynil butyrate, Bromoxynil heptanoate, and Bromoxynil octanoate) are
moved from the Risk Mitigation List to the Prohibited List in Version 1.3, December 17, 2021, due toan update in the GHS Classification as Reproductive toxicant 1B. To facilitate implementation ofthis change, there is a phase-out period of a year, until December 17, 2022.

SA-S-SD-22-V1

8

51. Cyproconazole

94361-06-5

Fun

52. DDT

50-29-3

I, A

53. Demeton-S-methyl919-86-8

I, A

1B

54. Dichlorvos; DDVP

62-73-7

I, A

1B

55. Dicofol

115-32-2

I, A

56. Dicrotophos

141-66-2

I, A

1B

57. Difenacoum

56073-07-5

R

1A

✓

58. Difethialone

104653-34-1

R

1A

✓

59. Dimethomorph4110488-70-5

Fun

60. Dimoxystrobin

149961-52-4

Fun

61. Dinocap

39300-45-3

Fun

62. Dinoterb

1420-07-1

H

1B

63. Diphacinone

82-66-6

R

1A

64. Disulfoton

298-04-4

I, A

1A

65. DNOC and its salts

severalFun

1B

66. Dustable powder formul. several
containing a combinationof:benomyl≥7%,
carbofuran ≥10%, thiram
≥15%.

I, A

67. E-Phosphamidon

297-99-4

I, A

1A

68. Edifenphos

17109-49-8

I, A

1B

alpha- 115-29-7;
beta 959-98-8;
33213-65-9

I, A

69. Endosulfan;
Endosulfann;Endosulfan*

Severe effects

International
conventions

Reproductive
toxicant

Mutagenic

Main
use

CAS number

Carcinogenic

No.

PROHIBITED PESTICIDES
Active ingredient orgroup

Acute toxicity

Chronic toxicity

✓
R, S

S

✓
✓
✓
✓

R

R
R

R, S

70. Epichlorohydrin

106-89-8

I, A

71. EPN

2104-64-5

I, A

72. Epoxiconazole

133855-98-8

Fun

73. Ethiofencarb

29973-13-5

I, A

✓
1A
✓
1B

4 Dimethomorph is added to the Prohibited List in Version 1.2, June 30, 2021, due to an update in
the GHS Classification. To facilitate implementation of this change, there is a phase-out period ofa year, until June 30, 2022.

SA-S-SD-22-V1

9

74. Ethoprophos; Ethoprop

Severe effects

N, I, A

International
conventions

13194-48-4

Reproductive
toxicant

Main
use

Mutagenic

CAS number

Carcinogenic

No.

PROHIBITED PESTICIDES
Active ingredient orgroup

Acute toxicity

Chronic toxicity

1A

75. Ethylene dibromide; 1,2- 106-93-4
dibromethaneFum

76. Ethylene dichloride; 1,2- 107-06-2
dichloroethaneFum

77. Ethylene oxide75-21-8

Fum

78. Ethylene thiourea

96-45-7

Other

79. Famphur

52-85-7

I, A

1B

80. Fenamiphos

22224-92-6

N, I, A

1B

81. Fenchlorazole-ethyl

103112-35-2

H

82. Fentin Acetate

900-95-8

Fun✓

83. Fentin Hydroxide

76-87-9Fun✓

84. Fipronil

120068-37-3

I, A

✓

85. Flocoumafen

90035-08-8

R

86. Fluazifop-butyl69806-50-4

H

87. Flucythrinate

70124-77-5

I, A

1B

88. Fluoroacetamide

640-19-7

I, A

1B

89. Flusilazole

85509-19-9

Fun

90. Formetanate

22259-30-9

I, A

1B

91. Furathiocarb

65907-30-4

I, A

1B

92. Glufosinate-ammonium

77182-82-2

H

93. Heptenophos

23560-59-0

I, A

1B

94. Hexachlorobenzene

118-74-1

Fun

1A

95. Hexachlorocyclohexane;
BHC mixed isomers

608-73-1

96. Hydrogen cyanide

74-90-8

Fum

97. Imidacloprid

138261-41-3

I, A

98. Iprodione

36734-19-7

Fun

99. Isoxathion

18854-01-8

I, A

100.Lindane

58-89-9

I, A

101.Linuron

330-55-2

H

102.Magnesium phosphide12057-74-8

Fum

SA-S-SD-22-V1

✓

R

✓
✓

R
✓

R
✓

✓

1A

✓
✓

R
✓

✓

✓

R, S

I, A

R
1A
✓
✓
1B
R,S
✓
✓

10

103.Mancozeb58018-01-7

Fun

104.Mecarbam

2595-54-2

I, A

105.Mercury
andcompounds

its several

Severe effects

International
conventions

Reproductive
toxicant

Mutagenic

Main
use

CAS number

Carcinogenic

No.

PROHIBITED PESTICIDES
Active ingredient orgroup

Acute toxicity

Chronic toxicity

✓
1B

Fun

R

106.Methamidophos

10265-92-6

I, A

1B

R

107.Methidathion

950-37-8

I, A

1B

108.Methiocarb

2032-65-7

I, A

1B

109.Methomyl

16752-77-5

I, A

1B

110.Methyl bromide

74-83-9

Fum

111.Mevinphos

7786-34-7

I, A

112.Molinate

2212-67-1

H

113.Monocrotophos

6923-22-4

I, A

1B

114.Nicotine

54-11-5

I, A

1B

115.Nitrobenzene

98-95-3

I, A

116.Omethoate

1113-02-6

I, A

1B

117.Oxamyl

23135-22-0

N, I, A

1A

118.Oxydemeton-methyl

301-12-2

I, A

1B

119.Paraffin oils with a DMSO
content > 3%
severalAdj,
Fun

120.Paraquat dichloride

1910-42-5

H

121.Parathion

56-38-2

I, A

1A

R

122.Parathion-methyl298-00-0

I, A

1A

R

123.PCP;
Pentachlorphenol 87-86-5
and its salts

Wood
Pres.

1B

124.Phorate

298-02-2

I, A

1A

R

125.Phosphamidon

13171-21-6

I, A

1A

R

126.Phosphine

7803-51-2

Fum✓

127.Profoxydim

139001-49-3

H

✓

M
1A
✓
R

✓

A,

✓
✓

R, S

5 Mancozeb is moved from the Risk Mitigation List to the Prohibited List in Version 1.2, June 30, 2021,
due to an update in the GHS Classification. To facilitate implementation of this change, there is aphase-out period of a year, until June 30, 2022.

SA-S-SD-22-V1

11128.Propetamphos

31218-83-4

I, A

129.Propiconazol

60207-90-1

Fun

130.Propylene oxide, Oxirane

75-56-9

Fum

131.Quizalofop-p-tefuryl

119738-06-6

H

132.Silafluofen

105024-66-6

I, A

133.Sodium cyanide

143-33-9

R

134.Sodium(1080)

fluoracetate 62-74-8

R

Severe effects

International
conventions

Reproductive
toxicant

Mutagenic

Main
use

CAS number

Carcinogenic

No.

PROHIBITED PESTICIDES
Active ingredient orgroup

Acute toxicity

Chronic toxicity

1B
✓
✓

✓
✓
✓

1B
1A

135.Spirodiclofen

148477-71-8

I, A

136.Strychnine

57-24-9

R

137.Sulfluramid

4151-50-2

I, A

138.Sulfotep

3689-24-5

I, A

1A

139.Tebupirimifos

96182-53-5

I, A

1A

140.Tefluthrin

79538-32-2

I, A

1B

141.Tepraloxydim

149979-41-9

H

142.Terbufos

13071-79-9

N, I, A

1A

143.Thallium sulfate

7446-18-6

R

1B

144.Thiacloprid6

111988-49-9

I, A

145.Thiamethoxam

153719-23-4

I, A

146.Thiofanox

39196-18-4

I, A

1B

147.Thiometon

640-15-3

I, A

1B

148.Thiourea

62-56-6

Multiple

149.Triadimenol

55219-65-3

Fun

150.Triazophos

24017-47-8

I, A

151.Tributyltin compounds

severalFun

R

152.Trichlorfon; Metrifonato

52-68-6

I, A

R

✓
1B
R, S

✓

✓
✓

✓
✓
1B

6 Thiacloprid is moved from the Risk Mitigation List to the Prohibited List in Version 1.2, June 30, 2021,
due to an update in the GHS Classification. To facilitate implementation of this change, there is aphase-out period of a year, until June 30, 2022.

SA-S-SD-22-V1

12

153.Tridemorph

81412-43-3

Fun✓

154.Triflumizole

68694-11-1

Fun✓

155.Vamidothion

2275-23-2

I, A

156.Vinclozolin

50471-44-8

Fu

157.Warfarin

81-81-2

R

1B

158.Z-Phosphamidon

23783-98-4

I, A

1A

159.Zinc phosphide1314-84-7

R

1B

Severe effects

International
conventions

Reproductive
toxicant

Mutagenic

Main
use

CAS number

Carcinogenic

No.

PROHIBITED PESTICIDES
Active ingredient orgroup

Acute toxicity

Chronic toxicity

1B
✓
✓
R

(a): some actives in this group are classified WHO 1a or WHO 1b

SA-S-SD-22-V1

13

4. OBSOLETE SUBSTANCES
Linked to requirement 4.6.1
The below table includes pesticides known as ‘obsolete’: no longer formally registered or
produced, or widely banned. These are included here, as some of these pesticides may still beaccessible in some of the countries where Rainforest Alliance certified producers operate.

No.

SA-S-SD-22-V1

OBSOLETE pesticides(active ingredient)

CAS number

1. 2,3,4,5-Bistetrahydro-2- furaldehyde

126-15-8

2. 2,4,5-T

93-76-5

3. 2,4,5-TCP, potassium salt

35471-43-3

4. Aldrin309-00-2

5. Binapacryl

485-31-4

6. Chloranil

118-75-2

7. Chlordecone (kepone)

143-50-0

8. Chlordimeform

6164-98-3

9. Chlorobenzilate

510-15-6

10. DBCP

96-12-8

11. Dieldrin

60-57-1

12. Dinoseb and its salts and esters

88-85-7

13. Endrin

72-20-8

14. Heptachlor

76-44-8

15. Leptophos

21609-90-5

16. Mirex

2385-85-5

17. Nitrofen

1836-75-5

18. Octamethylpyrophosp horamide (OMPA)

152-16-9

19. Propham

122-42-9

20. Safrole

94-59-7

21. Silvex

93-72-1

22. Strobane

8001-50-1

23. TDE

72-54-8

24. Toxaphene (Camphechlor)

8001-35-2

14

5. LIST OF RISK MITIGATION PESTICIDES
Linked to requirement 4.6.2
This list is based on the work by the Oregon State University Integrated Plant Protection Center’s
state-of-the-science risk assessment tool ipmPRiME and its latest results7. The use of thesesubstances is permitted only within the context of an IPM strategy and when the related risk
mitigation measures as indicated below the table are fully implemented.
Abbreviations Main Use: A: Acaricide, Ad: Adjuvant, Fun: Fungicide, Fum: Fumigant, H: Herbicide,
I: Insecticide, N: Nematicide, R: Rodenticide, Wood Pres.: Wood preservation

Bystander Risk✓✓✓✓542-75-6

Fum

✓

✓

2.

2,4-D, 2-Ethylhexyl ester

1928-43-4

H

✓

✓

3.

2,4-D, isooctyl ester

53404-37-8

H

✓

✓

4.

Acephate

30560-19-1

I, A

✓

5.

Acequinocyl

57960-19-7

I, A

✓

6.

Acetamiprid

135410-20-7

I, A

✓

7.

Acifluorfen, sodium salt

62476-59-9

H

✓

8.

Amitraz

33089-61-1

I, A

✓

9.

Anilazine

101-05-3

Fun

✓

10.

Azoxystrobin

131860-33-8

Fun

✓

11.

Bendiocarb

22781-23-3

I, A

12.

Benfluralin

1861-40-1

H

13.

Benfurcarb

82560-54-1

I, A

✓

✓

✓

14.

Bensulide741-58-2

H

✓

✓

✓

✓

15.

Bentazon, sodium salt

50723-80-3

H

✓

✓

✓

16.

Bifenthrin

82657-04-3

I, A

17.

Bromacil

314-40-9

H

✓

18.

Captan133-06-2

Fun

✓

19.

Carbaryl

63-25-2

I, A

✓

20.

Carbosulfan(recommended PIC)

55285-14-8

I, A

Main
Use

✓

Risk

1,3-Dichloropropene

CAS
NumberWildlife

1.

RISK MITIGATIONPESTICIDES

Risk

Aquatic
PPE✓

Higherlevel

Pollinator
Risk

160.

✓
✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓
✓
✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

7 Article ‘Selection of agrochemicals to reduce human and environmental health risks’ by Paul C. Jepson etal, Lancet Planet Health, Feb 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(19)30266-9

SA-S-SD-22-V1

15

21.

Cartap15263-53-3

I, A

22.

Chlorfenapyr122453-73-0

I, A

23.

Chloropicrin

76-06-2

Fum

24.

Chlozolinate

84332-86-5

25.

Copper hydroxide

26.

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Fun

✓

✓

20427-59-2

Fun✓

Copper oxide (ic)1317-38-0

Fun

27.

Copper oxide (ous)1317-39-1

Fun

28.

Copper oxychloride

1332-40-7

Fun

29.

Coppersulfateoxychloride

8012-69-930.

Copper(anhydrous)

sulfate7758-98-7

31.

Coppersulfate(pentahydrate)7758-99-8

32.

Cube root extracts

no cas33.

Cyanazine

21725-46-2

H

✓

34.

Cycloate

1134-23-2

H

✓

35.

Cyhalothrin

68085-85-8

I, A

✓

✓

36.

Cyhalothrin, gamma

76703-62-3

I, A

✓

✓

37.

Cyhalothrin, lambda

91465-08-6

I, A

✓

✓

✓

38.

Cypermethrin, alpha52315-07-8

I, A

✓

✓

✓

39.

Cypermethrin, beta

65731-84-2

I, A

✓

✓

✓

40.

Dazomet533-74-4

Fum

✓

✓

41.

Deltamethrin

52918-63-5

I, A

✓

✓

42.

Diazinon

333-41-5

I, A

✓

✓

43.

Dichlobenil

1194-65-6

H

✓

✓

44.

Dichloran

99-30-9

Fun

✓

✓

45.

Diclofop-methyl51338-27-3

H

✓

✓

46.

Difenzoquat
sulfate47.

Diflubenzuron

35367-38-5

I, A

48.

Dimethenamid

87674-68-8

H

✓

49.

Dimethenamid-P

163515-14-8

H

✓

50.

Dimethoate

60-51-5

I, A

SA-S-SD-22-V1

methyl43222-48-6

Fun

✓
✓

✓
✓
✓

✓

✓

✓

✓
✓

✓

Fun
I, A

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

H

Bystander RiskPollinator
Risk

✓

Risk

✓

Wildlife

Main
Use

Risk

CAS
NumberAquatic
PPE

RISK MITIGATIONPESTICIDES

Higherlevel

160.

✓
✓
✓

✓
✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓
✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓
✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

16

51.

Dinotefuran

165252-70-0

I, A

52.

Diquat dibromide

85-00-7

H

✓

✓

53.

Diquat ion

2764-72-9

H

✓

✓

54.

Diuron330-54-1

H

✓

✓

55.

Dodine2439-10-3

Fun

✓

56.

D-trans(Bioallethrin)

57.

Emamectin benzoate

137512-74-4

I, A

✓

58.

EPTC

759-94-4

H

✓

59.

Esfenvalerate

66230-04-4

I, A

✓

✓

60.

Ethalfluralin

55283-68-6

H

✓

✓

61.

Ethion563-12-2

I, A

✓

✓

62.

Etoxazole

153233-91-1

I, A

✓

63.

Famoxadone

131807-57-3

Fun

✓

✓

64.

Fenbutatin-oxide

13356-08-6

I, A

✓

✓

✓

65.

Fenitrothion

122-14-5

I, A

✓

66.

Fenoxycarb

79127-80-3
72490-01-8

67.

Fenpropathrin

39515-41-8

I, A

✓

✓

✓

68.

Fenpyroximate

134098-61-6

I, A

✓

✓

✓

69.

Fenvalerate

51630-58-1

I, A

✓

✓

70.

Fenthion(recommended PIC)

55-38-9I, A

71.

Ferbam14484-64-1

Fun

✓

72.

Fluazinam

79622-59-6

Fun

✓

73.

Flufenacet

142459-58-3

H

✓

✓

74.

Flumioxazin

103361-09-7

H

✓

✓

75.

Fluopyram

658066-35-4

Fun

76.

Flupyradifurone

951659-40-8

I, A

77.

Folpet133-07-3

Fun

✓

78.

Fomesafen sodium

108731-70-0

H

✓

79.

Formetanatehydrochloride

23422-53-9

SA-S-SD-22-V1

Allethrin

584-79-2

I, A

/

✓

Bystander RiskPollinator
Risk
✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓
✓

✓
✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓
✓

I, A

I, A

✓

Risk

Wildlife

Main
Use

Risk

CAS
NumberAquatic
PPE

RISK MITIGATIONPESTICIDES

Higherlevel

160.

✓

✓

✓
✓

✓

✓
✓

✓

✓

✓

✓
✓

✓

✓
✓
✓

✓

✓

17

38641-94-0

81.

Glyphosate-trimesium

82.

Risk

Wildlife

Bystander RiskGlyphosate,
isopropylamine salt

Pollinator
Risk

80.

Main
Use

Risk

CAS
NumberAquatic
PPE

RISK MITIGATIONPESTICIDES

Higherlevel

160.

✓

✓

H

✓

81591-81-3

H✓

Haloxyfop-P

95977-29-0

H

✓

✓

83.

Hexazinone

51235-04-2

H

✓

✓

84.

Indoxacarb, S-isomer

173584-44-6

I, A

85.

Iodosulfuron
sodium salt

144550-36-7

86.

Isoxaben

82558-50-7

H87.

Lenacil

2164-08-1

H

88.

Lime-sulfur

1344-81-6

I, A

89.

Lufenuron

103055-07-8

I, A

90.

Malathion

121-75-5

I, A

91.

Maleic hydrazide

123-33-1

H

✓

✓

92.

Maleichydrazide,potassium salt

28382-15-2

H

✓

✓

93.

Maneb

12427-38-2

Fun

✓

✓

94.

MCPA,
ester

95.

MCPA, isooctyl ester

26544-20-7

H

✓

96.

Metalaxyl

57837-19-1

Fun

✓

97.

Metam

144-54-7

Fum

✓

✓

✓

98.

Metam potassium

137-41-7

Fum

✓

✓

✓

99.

Metam-sodium

6734-80-1

Fum

✓

✓

✓

100. Metconazole

125116-23-6

Fun

101. Methoprene

40596-69-8

I, A

102. Methoxychlor

72-43-5

I, A

✓

✓

103. Methyl iodide

74-88-4

Fum✓✓

104. Methyl isothiocyanate

556-61-6

I, A

✓

✓

105. Metiram

9006-42-2

Fun

✓

✓

106. Metolachlor

51218-45-2

H

✓

✓

107. Metolachlor, (S)87392-12-9

H✓108. Metribuzin

21087-64-9

H✓109. Mineral oil, refined

8042-47-5

I, A

SA-S-SD-22-V1

methyl,2-ethylhexyl

29450-45-1

✓
✓

H

H

✓

✓
✓
✓

✓
✓

✓

✓

✓

✓
✓

✓
✓
✓
✓

✓
✓

✓

✓

✓
✓
✓

✓
✓
✓

18

Pollinator
Risk

Bystander RiskRisk

Wildlife

Main
Use

Risk

CAS
NumberAquatic
PPE

RISK MITIGATIONPESTICIDES

Higherlevel

160.

✓

✓

✓

110. Monolinuron

1746-81-2

H

111. Myclobutanil

88671-89-0

Fun✓112. Naled

300-76-5

I, A✓

113. Napropamide

15299-99-7

H✓

114. Norflurazon

27314-13-2

H✓

115. Novaluron

116714-46-6

I, A

✓

116. Oryzalin

19044-88-3

H

✓

✓

✓

117. Oxadiazon

19666-30-9

H

✓

✓

✓

118. Oxycarboxin

5259-88-1

Fun

119. Oxyfluorfen

42874-03-3

H

120. Oxythioquinox;

2439-01-2

121. PCNB (Quintozene)

82-68-8

Fun

122. Pendimethalin

40487-42-1

H

123. Permethrin

52645-53-1

I, A

✓

✓

✓

124. Phosalone

2310-17-0

I, A

✓

✓

✓

125. Phosmet

732-11-6

I, A

✓

✓

✓

✓

126. Pirimicarb

23103-98-2

I, A

✓

✓

✓

✓

127. Pirimiphos methyl29232-93-7

I, A

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

128. Profenofos

41198-08-7

I, A

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

129. Prometryn

7287-19-6

H

✓

✓

✓

130. Propamocarb

25606-41-1

131. Propanil

709-98-8H✓132. Propargite

2312-35-8

I, A✓

133. Propoxur

114-26-1

I, A✓

134. Prosulfuron

94125-34-5

H

135. Pyraclostrobin

175013-18-0

Fun136. Pyrazophos

13457-18-6

Fun

137. Pyrethrins

8003-34-7

I, A✓

138. Pyridaben

96489-71-3

I, A

✓

139. Pyridalyl

179101-81-6

I, A

✓

140. Resmethrin

10453-86-8

I, A

✓

Chinomethionat

hydrochloride

SA-S-SD-22-V1

Fun, A

Fun

✓
✓

✓
✓
✓

✓
✓
✓
✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓
✓

✓
✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓
✓

✓
✓

✓
✓

✓

✓

✓

19

I, A

✓

142. S-Dimethenamid

163515-14-8

H✓

143. Simazine

122-34-9

H✓

144. Sodium chlorate

7775-09-9

H✓

145. Sodium

7345-69-9

146. Spinetoram (XDE-175-J)

187166-40-1 /935545-74-7

147. Spinosad

131929-60-7 /tetrathiocarbonate(mixture
Factors A & D)of168316-95-8

Fun

I, A

✓
✓

149. Tecnazene

117-18-0

Fun✓150. Teflubenzuron

83121-18-0

I, A

151. Terrazole; etridiazole2593-15-9

Fun22248-79-9

✓
✓

H

Z-

I, A

153. Tetraconazole

112281-77-3

Fun

154. Thiabendazole

148-79-8

Fun

155. Thiobencarb

28249-77-6

H

156. Thiodicarb

59669-26-0

157. Thiophanate-methyl

✓
✓

✓

✓
✓

✓
✓

✓

✓
✓

✓
✓

✓

✓

✓

M

✓

✓

✓

23564-05-8

Fun✓158. Tolfenpyrad

129558-76-5

I, A

✓

✓

159. Triallate

2303-17-5

H

✓

✓

✓

160. Triazamate

112143-82-5

I, A

✓

✓

161. Triclopyr, triethylamine 57213-69-1

H

162. Trifloxystrobin141517-21-7

Fun

163. Triflumuron

64628-44-0

I, A

164. Trifluralin

1582-09-8

H

165. Triforine

26644-46-2

Fun

166. Triticonazole

131983-72-7

Fun

167. Zeta-Cypermethrin

52315-07-8z

I, A

✓

168. Zineb

12122-67-7

Fun✓

169. Ziram

137-30-4

Fun✓

SA-S-SD-22-V1

✓

✓

✓

salt

✓

I, A

122836-35-5

isomer✓✓✓148. Sulfentrazone

152. Tetrachlorvinphos,

Bystander Risk83-79-4

Pollinator
Risk

141. Rotenone

Risk

Wildlife

Main
Use

Risk

CAS
NumberAquatic
PPE

RISK MITIGATIONPESTICIDES

Higherlevel

160.

✓

✓

✓

✓
✓

✓

✓
✓
✓

✓

✓

✓

✓
✓
✓
✓

✓
✓

✓

✓

✓

20

6. RISK MITIGATION MEASURES REQUIRED WITH THE USE
OF RISK MITIGATION PESTICIDES
If substances from the Risk Mitigation Pesticides list are used, the following specific risk mitigation
measures apply for the different risk categories:
1. Pesticides indicating higher-level personal protection required means that occupational
exposure risk assessments have demonstrated potential for exposure, and significant
acute or chronic risks. Pesticides listed under Higher-level PPE (Personal Protective
Equipment) are only applied if:a) PPE is used as prescribed in the product’s label or MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet).
If labels do not provide details of PPE for applicators, basic protective clothing withprotection for eyes (i.e., a face mask or goggles) and respiratory protection (i.e., a
respirator) are worn.
2. Pesticides listed as having risk to aquatic life or risk to terrestrial wildlife are only applied if:a) Mechanisms are established and maintained to avoid contamination by pesticides,
through spray drift or other pathways, from treated areas to other non-targetedareas, including natural ecosystems, public roads, areas with human activity andinfrastructure. Such mechanisms include non-crop vegetative barriers or nonapplication zones, or other effective mechanisms.
3. Pesticides listed as having risk to pollinators are only applied if:a) Less toxic, efficacious pesticides are not available; andb) Exposure of natural ecosystems to pesticides is minimized by establishing nonapplication zones, or vegetative barriers; andc) Contact of pollinators with these substances is further reduced through:i)

Substances are not applied to flowering weeds, or flowering weeds are removed;
and

ii)

Substances are not applied while the crop is in its peak flowering period.
Not applicable to banana, cocoa, grapes, lemongrass, pineapple, psyllium,
sugar cane, and tea.

4. Pesticides listed as having bystander risk have an increased inhalation risk and are only
applied if:a) Restricted Entry Intervals (REIs) are enforced; andb) All application sites are flagged to indicate inhalation risks to bystanders.
c) Pesticide handlers are using respirators with an organic vapor (OV) cartridge orcanister with any N, R, P, or 100-series filter.
Bystanders are defined as persons, other than farmworkers, pesticide handlers, or their families,
who are exposed to pesticides by inhalation.

SA-S-SD-22-V1

21

7. REQUIREMENTS FOR AERIAL APPLICATION
Linked to requirement 4.6.7
7.1. Aerial Application by piloted aerial vehicles
Aerial application of pesticides needs to comply with applicable law in the country of use, or thefollowing Rainforest Alliance requirements, whichever is stricter, unless defined differently by the
Rainforest Alliance. Please note that Standard Requirement 1.2.1 specifies that in the case wheresuch a law has become obsolete the requirement in the Standard will prevail. The Rainforest
Alliance requirements for aerial application set out below may be adapted in future based on
scientific evidence.
Requirements
1. Aerial application by helicopters, planes, or other piloted aerial vehicles that carry liquids foraerial application must be:a. Conducted by a competent technician,b. Consistent with MSDS and/or label instructions, rates, and precautions.
2. Aerial application by helicopters, planes, or other piloted aerial vehicle is prohibited in thefollowing situations:a. Agrochemicals with WHO classification 1A Extremely hazardous for human health,and 1B Highly hazardous for human health.
b. Aerial application of agrochemicals on areas outside the legal limits of the farm,including public roads8, areas with human activity9, animal farms, and natural
ecosystems, which include aquatic ecosystems.
c. Aerial application of agrochemicals when one of the following conditions occurs:i. Temperature exceeds 30 ° C
ii. Wind speed exceeds 15km/h
iii. There is an inversion phenomenon
3. Equipment used for aerial application by helicopters, planes, or other piloted aerial vehicles
must respect the following conditions:a. The aircraft is equipped with geographical positioning systems (GPS), and with
automatic shut-off valves connected to the GPS system or manual shut-off valves.

8 When available, the interpretation of this term and other terms related to roads will be based on theapplicable legal definition. The purpose of the requirement is to ensure that persons are not being sprayed.
This can be ensured by non-application zones along the roads or by closure of the roads. For roads in thefarm area through which external persons pass by occasionally, either method may be chosen.
9 Areas where people can be present.

SA-S-SD-22-V1

22

b. The length of the application boom is at a maximum of 80% of the wing length.
c. The application equipment is in optimal conditions according to its specifications.
d. Application equipment is calibrated every six months by a competent technician
and calibration records are kept.
4. Aerial application by helicopters, planes, or other piloted aerial vehicles respects the following
requirements to protect human health and natural ecosystems:a. Visible signaling systems or effective warning mechanisms are implemented forthe notification and protection of third parties. Including
i. In the case of roads managed by the farm or group administrator, people
that may be affected by the aerial application are identified and warnedin advance.
ii. Access to the application areas is prohibited, roads in these areas areclosed and the corresponding re-entry periods are respected.
b. A flight plan10 that mitigates negative impacts to the adjacent areas of theapplication area is designed. Agrochemicals are applied in the determined area
within the flight plan, and the respective agrochemical non-application zones
are respected. The flight altitude is a maximum of 5 meters above the crop orvegetative barriers canopy.
c. Aerial drift to the adjacent areas is prevented through vegetative barriers or nonapplication zones. Agrochemical non-application zones are at a minimum:
i. 30-meter-wide next to public roads, areas with human activity, animal
farms, and natural ecosystems (except rivers);
ii. In the case of rivers, a 15 m non-application zone for each riverbank.
d. In the case of applications over primary or secondary drains with permanent11
water
i. Drainage canals up to 6m in width are covered with vegetation
ii. Wider drainage canals are lined by vegetation that covers the canals asmuch as possible (e.g., trees or any other type of vegetation) within three
years after certification. Application over wider drains is avoided whenpossible.
iii. The planting and coverage of the drainage canals may be implemented
in the first three years of certification, provided that in the first and second
year, at least one-third of the canals are planted.
5. Each aerial application is documented with an operational report, including:a. Location of the property;
b. Date and time of application (start and end time);

10 Written statement including the key data of a planned flight including time, flight path, speed, height,
weather conditions and other relevant aspects for a safe flight

11 Permanent water means the drains normally have water all year round. This may be interrupted by
exceptional weather events like El Niño.

SA-S-SD-22-V1

23

c. Type of service performed and type of application equipment, including the widthof the effective deposition range, model, prefix, and type of used aircraft;d. Treated crop and area (in hectares) with a sketch of the area indicating its
boundaries, barriers, roads, power grids, buildings, sensitive areas (areas withhuman activity and natural ecosystems), magnetic north, and geographic
coordinates (at least one point);
e. Applied agrochemicals, including label name, the active ingredient,concentration (volume per litre, mass per kg, or percentage of the active
ingredient) for each product, and quantity of each product applied;f.

Name of the agrochemicals’ handlers;g. Flight and application parameters: height of the flight, weather conditions during
application time: temperature range, wind speed, and direction;h. The direction of application ranges (shots); location of the flight track throughgeoreferencing, specifying whether the application was performed with the
Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS).

7.2. Aerial application by drones
In addition to the above requirements for aerial application, the following requirements apply fordrones and other Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). As the use of drones and the legal regulations
for this use are developing fast, these requirements may be updated in the future based on
scientific evidence.
Requirements
1. Aerial application of pesticides by drones follows all existing legislation in the country of
application. This includes all legislation applicable to drones and/or UAVs in general, andto aerial application of pesticides by drones and/or UAVs in particular.
2. Drones used for the aerial application of agrochemicals are specifically designed andproduced for the task of aerial application of chemicals. The drones have safety settings
to avoid flying out of the area to be sprayed in case of loss of signal, including flying backto the pilot, hovering in place and/or coming down slowly vertically. The pilot follows all
guidance from the producer of the drone, including maximum speeds.
3. Aerial application by drones is performed by licensed pilots who are trained specificallyfor this task by licensed trainers. Pilots must have at least 1 year of experience flying drones
professionally, including at least 6 months, and/or 25 flying hours of experience flying
drones designed for aerial application. Pilots carry out a minimum of 50 hours of flying peryear with such drones.
4. Before the flight, the pilot receives written documentation of the chemical(s) used (brand
name, active ingredient(s), concentration, and all health and environmental risks
associated with the active ingredient(s) in that concentration).
5. The flight plan includes where and how to refill the containers.
6. Aerial drift to adjacent areas is prevented through vegetative barriers or non-application
zones. Agrochemical non-application zones for drone application are at least 10 meters
wide. Certificate Holders may request an exception from the Rainforest Alliance to reduce
the non-application zones t to 5 meters where they can provide evidence of the accuracy

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of drone application within these parameters. Exceptions must be requested and granted
before the application occurs.
7. Before the flight, the pilot is fully prepared for emergencies with a procedure andequipment for recovering the vehicle, cleaning up and storing chemicals, and warning
people within possible reach of the drone and any spillage of the chemicals carried.
8. The pilot follows all guidance from the producer of the chemical(s) used, including notusing a concentration higher than allowed.
9. More than one drone can be flown simultaneously, provided that the navigation systems
and flight plan of the drones cannot interfere with each other. One pilot can operate up
to three drones at the same time.
10. Aerial application of pesticides by drones is reported directly to Rainforest Alliance at
ipm@ra.org in the first application month.
11. If aerial application of agrochemicals is conducted by a subcontractor, the farm owner isliable in case of any accidents or negative effects associated with the use of the drone
and responsible for the mitigation of all damage related to it, unless otherwise agreed
between the farm owner and subcontractor.
12. Any accident involving drones involved in aerial application of agrochemicals is reported
to Rainforest Alliance through ipm@ra.org within a week.

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