Transactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New Series

No. 78Palaeontological Society of japan] une 30th, 1970

Editor: Tokio SHIKAMA
Associate Editor: Kiyotaka CHINZEI

Officers for 1969-1970
President:

Fuyuji T AKAICouncillors (*Executives):

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HATAI, Itaru HAYAMI, Koichiro ICHIKAWA, Taro KANAYA, Kametoshi KAN·
MERA, Teiichi KOBAYASHI, Kenji KONISHI, Tamio KOTAKA, Tatsuro MATSU·
MOTO*, Masao MINATO, Hiroshi OzAKI* (Treasurer), Tokio SHIKAMA*, Fuyuji
TAKA!*
Executive Committee (Chairman:
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Transactions:
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Fossils on the cover is Globorotalia truncatulinoides (D'0RBIGNY, 1839).
The photograph was taken on a scanning electron microscope, JEOL-JSM-2, x 100.

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Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 77, pp. 253-264, pls. 27, 28, June 30, 1970

565.

THE ONTOGENIES OF PONUMIA OBSCURA (LOCHMAN), N. G.,
AND OF HOUSIA CANADENSIS (WALCOTT) (TRILOBITA)FROM THE UPPER CAMBRIAN OF THE BIG
HORN MOUNTAINS, WYOMONGCHUNG-HUNG HU
Department of Biology, Nanyang University, Singapore::jt;:Jf<: '71 ;;t ;: :/ :~t;l+[ Q:JJ:ff~ 7J :/7' U 7*!¥::=:.*EH. Ponumia obscura (LOCH MAN) i> J:: V'
Housia canadensis (WALCOTT) Q)jf§JI*9M:.: 1:::."' :7':/WrlEQ) Elvinia wiP Gff: !A:
Ponumia obscura (LocH MAN) i> J:: '(f Housia canadensis (WALCOTT) <'-l1:.:&:~11:~1lc;jij( L-t..:, JliT::ltv'i Bynumiella? obscura LocHMAN f:::.i!!!;-?v'"Clit"C l?:h.t:rflr~"t', anaprotaspid ~.ll:ll&iP G late meraspid M:f.&"i "t'Q:Jj~f*9€1:.7J:J:: < ~i@J.~ :h. Q, 1i::lffC:.-?v'"C v'i paraprotaspid M:F>&7J~:;r:a~·c-£b Qi'J!, ~t&l:::.-?v'-c v'i~-c <'-l9Ei~Wt~&7J!J::. < f*ff:~ n-c i> tl, fiE*N.tfft.dJ"'JJlili'IL!:;i5';t l?h-"Cv'f..:§ li!~<'-lJliiJ, ~tllU:.fft<ililrf C. <'-li!t~$tJ: c<'-l~)lli, ~:f.IR<'-l~H<'-l1J~tJ:cv:l:, i:Ei!E~~t.-c'%fL-<~1ti"Qt<'-l""C:·£bQcc7J:~Ja~L-t:" M,\!;, ~*-

Introduction

FIELD).

The collected material for the ontogenetic study of Ponumia obscura (LOCHMAN) is very complete, showing thecontinual growth sequence from very
early protaspid to the adult form; however, Housia canadensis is only incompletely represented in the author's collection, its paraprotaspids being unknown. The later stages of H. canadensis are beautifully preserved, and thepygidium is represented at all subsequent growth stages. At immature stages
these species ate distinguished by thenarrower axial lobe or glabella and thebroader fixigenae of H. canadensis.
It has been necessary to infer the
specific assignments and associations of
the trilobite fragments- the librigenae,
hypostomata, and pygidia -, because
these parts are disarticulated from thecranidia and thraxes.
The terminology employed here forthe ontogenetic sequences is that based

The present study describes the ontogeny of Bynumiella ? obscura LOCHMAN,(which is assigned to a new genus, Ponumia) and the ontogeny of Housia
canadensis (WALCOTT). The materials
for this study were collected from the
Elvinia zone in the Franconian, Upper
Cambrian, Flathead Formation of the
Big Horn Mountains in north-central
Wyoming during the summer session of1968 at the University of Illinois Geology Summer Field Camp. The Flathead
Formation lithology from which the trilobites were collected is a friable, lightgreen, micaceous shale containing somesmall intraformational limestone pebbles.
Only three species of trilobites wereavailable: Housia canadensis (WALCOTT),
Ponumia obscura (LOCHMAN), and Pseudagnostus communis (HALL and WHIT·
Received September 20, 1969; read June 27,
1970.

253

Chung-Hung Hu

254

on the morphologic changes of the
cranidium : Anaprotaspid, metaprotaspid, paraprotaspid, early meraspid, arid
late meraspid stages. The author has
employed these terms previously (Hu,
1968a, b).

Acknowledgments
The author wishes to thank Dr. K. E.
CASTER, Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, for his supervision.
Thanks are also extended to Dr. F. L.
KouCKY, Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, who guided me tothe collecting sites in the Flathead Formation in the Big Horn Mountains andaided in the collecting. The author
deeply appreciates the help of Mr. M.
STEPHENS, Division of Geological Sciences, California Institute of Technology,
who assisted with the English of thetext.
The specimens described in the present study are stored in the Geology
Museum, University of Cincinnati, Ohio.

Systematic Paleontology
Family Housiidae HUPE:, 1953
Genus Housia WALCOTT, 1916
Housia canadensis (WALCOTT)
Pl. 27, figs. 1-33, pl. 28, figs. 24, 26,
28-31 and text-fig. 1 and 2.

Ceratopyge canadensis WALCOTT, 1912, p.
233, pl. 36, figs. 13-22.
Housia canadensis (WALCOTT), 1925, p. 94,
pl. 22, figs. 10, 11; and LOCH MAN, 1964,
p. 46, pl. 12, figs. 16-29.
Housiella canadensis (WALCOTT), KOBAYASHI & IcHIKAWA, 1955, p. 66, pl. 11, fig.
12.

Synonomy.-KOBAYASHI and ICHIKAWA(1955) proposed a new genus, Housiella,based on Housia canadensis (WALCOTT)
and attempted to distinguish it from
Housia by its possession of genal spines,
shallow axial furrow along the glabella,
and a pair of caudal spines on the pygidium. This distinction was considered
trivial by LOCHMAN (1959) and PALMER(1965). It is now known that the genal
and caudal spines are absent in the later
growth stages ; therefore, these structures probably do not have any specificsignificance for the present species, but
further examination is needed.
Material.- The species Housia canadensis is represented in the author's collection by more than 15 cranidia, 10
pygidia, 10 librigenae, a few hypostomata, and about 20 immature instars.
The largest cranidium measures about
9.0 mm., the largest pygidium, 6.0 mm.
in length (sag.). Some of the adultspecimens previously prepared by theauthor and studied by LOCHMAN (1964)
are cranidia measuring up to 20 mm.
and pygidia, 9.0 mm. long (sag.). Thisgap in the size sequence may indicatethat the largest individuals of the present study are not fully grown forms.
The smallest specimens (pl. 27, figs. 11,12) measure 0.22 mm. in length (sag.).
They are shields composed of five axial
segments and belong to the early protaspid stage. These protaspides of Housia
canadensis are differentiated from thoseof Ponumia obscura by their narrower
glabella and broader fixigenae. Later
stages are discontinuously represented
in the collections.
Figured specimens.Cranidia, U.C.M. 39744, 39744a-d.
Hypostomata, U.C.M. 39744o-q.
Librigenae, U .C.M. 39744h'-k'.
Pygidia, U.C.M. 39744e', f'.

565.

Ontogenies of Ponumia and Housia (Trilobita)

a

c

I_,.:

d

e

u

255

f

g

.

..

k
Text-fig. 1.

A growth series of Housia canadensis (WALCOTT).

a-c, three adult cranidia, x 3.5, x 14, x 4; d, e, two late meraspid cranidia, x 20, x 20;
f, an early meraspid cranidium, x 30; g, a metaprotaspis, x 60; h, a librigena, x 2; i,j, k, a growth series of the hypostoma, x 60, x 25, x 8. (All drawings were made fromphotographs.)

Ontogeny

Metaprotaspid stage (pl. 27, figs. 11, 12;
text-fig. lg).- The convex shield isrounded to subrounded in outline andabout 0.20-0.25 mm. in length (sag.). Its
dorsal furrows distinctly define a fusiform axial lobe, which is divided into
five axial rings by distinct transverse
furrows. The small frontal lobe (or firstaxial ring) tapers and is rounded anteriorly. A pair of shallow lateral pits areassociated with it. The second to fourthaxial rings are each composed of a pairof rounded nodes and are all distinctly
delimited by longitudinal and segmental
furrows. The occipital ring is small,posteriorly rounded, and distinct. The
fixigenae or pleural lobes are equal toor slightly wider than the axial lobe;
they are convex and curve ventrally
along their margins. No librigenae orprotopygidia were observed except forsome specimens showing a narrow, unsegmented area along the post-axial
margin. The surface is finely granulose.
Only three specimens of· the metaprotaspid stage of H. canadensis were256

Ch~mg-H~mg

sorted out from several hundred of Ponumw obscura. These instars are cor( .· ·rectly identified because both species,
Hou sia canadensis and Po numia obscura, · ·.
are present as adults in the same sam- .
pies, and Hou sia canadensis is recognizedby its narrower axial lobe and broader
fixigenae.
Early meraspid stage (pl. 27, figs, 9, 10,
13, 14, 19-24; text-fig. lf, i, and text-fig.
2a, b).-The convex cranidium is regularly t r-apezoidal in outline and about
0.50- 0.60 mm. in length (sag.). The faintly impressed dorsal furrows delimit a
conical glabella with a rounded anterior
margin. No glabellar furrows or rings
are recognizable. The anterior borderis narrow and flat and indistinctly differentiated from the glabella. The occipital ring is a narrow, posteriorly
convex crescent which lacks an occipitalspine. The narrow fixigenae are each':l.bout one-half as wide as the glabella;they slope gradually down from thedorsal furrows. Their palpebral lobes
are located in front of the mid-lengthof the cranidium. The narrow posterior
fixigenal border is distinctly delimitedby the border furrow. Each librigena
is about 1.5 mm. long, convex, and without recogni za ble lateral f urrows (pl. 27,
fig. 14). The narrow ocular pla tform
bears the eye-ring far anteriorly, next
to the anterior facial suture. Th e posterior platform is narrow and elongate
and projects into a delicate genal spine.
The early meraspid pygidium is semicircular in outline, convex, and about
0.40-0.60 mm. in length. It consists offive to eight segments separated by indistinctly impressed dorsal furrows. The
axial lobe is a narrow cone tapering
posteriorly. Each pl eural lobe is about
one and one-half as wide as the axis;
their margins slope uniformly. Each
pleural segment of the smaller specimensHu

has a pair of blunt spines, but the spinesof the larger individuals are indistinct
except for the terminal pair, which arelong and strong.
The early meraspid hypostome isabout 0.27 mm. long, elongate, and arrowhead-shaped. The median body is anarrow cone distinctly delimited by lateral furrows and ending in a sharp·
point. The anterior margin arches for-ward with a pair of small lateral wings ;:the lateral borders are continued by a.
pair of spines extending postero-laterally
from the sides of the median body. Theposterior inner marginal border is broad,.
convex, and U-shaped.
The meraspid cranidia of H. canadensis are distinguished from those of
Ponumia obscw'a by the absence of the:distinct dorsal furrow, narrow occipital'
ring which lacks an occipital spine, andthe narrower posterior fixigenal border.
There is a ga p in the documentation.
between the metaprotaspid and the earlymeraspid stages. The reason for this:gap is unknown, but the mode of life,
may be significant in this connection,
since the species Pomtmia obscura isrepresented by more abundant immature
instars and less numerous adult forms, .
whilst in Hou sia canadensis adu lt are·more abundant and immature instars.
less so. The latter species may havebeen migrant, i.e., ha d a different reproductive region from the area in-habited by the matur€ form.
The metamorphosis of the pygidium
is ver y well shown by the material ofthis growth stage; the smaller forms .
(pl. 27, figs. 19, 20) show no caudals pines or macrosegment; the mediumsized specimens have a pair of shortspines hanging latera ll y behind the posterior axial lobe, and the larger speci-mens have large spines extending postero-laterall y from the pygidial margin _565.

Ontogenies of Pomtmia and Housia (TTilobita)

The hypostome has a narrow median
J:Jody and a pair of lateral spines; thesea257

spine·s are reduced in length to absent
during the next developmental stages.

b
c

e

f

g

K
Text-fig. 2.

A gro\vth sequence of pygidium and librigenaeof Hou si a canad en sis ( W A LCOT T ) .

a, b, t wo early meraspid pygidia, x 25, x 20; c- f, four la te meraspid pygidia, x 20,
x 14, x 13, x 8; g, an adult py gidium, x 5; h- j, three meraspid librigenae, x 8, x 8,
x 3; k, an adult librigena, x 10. (All drawings we're made from photograph s .)Late m era spid stage (pl. 27, figs. 3, 6:8, 16, 25- 31 ; pl. 28, figs. 24, 26, 28-31 ;text-fig. ld, e, j, and text-fig. 2c, f, h- j).
-The convex cranidium is elongately·subtrapezoidal in outline and about 0.901.30 rr'lm. in length (sag.). The faintly·delimited glabella is conical, tapering
forward with a rounded anterior mar_gin; no g labellar furrows are recognizable. The fiat preglabellar field is very
narrow and delimited by a distinct fron-tal furrow. The anterior border is narrow and convex and arches forward.
The narrow occipital ring is a convex
crescent delimited by the distinct occipital furrow. The fixigenae are rather
narrow; they bear large palpebral lobe's
located at the mid-length of the cranidlum; each posterior fixigena is narrow
and about one-half as wide as the occipital ring. The border is defined by anarrow border furrow. The anterior

258

Chung-Hung H.U.facial suture is straight or slightly convergent convex, and each posterior fixigena is divergent straight or gently
convex along the lateral side. The librigenae are moderately convex and havebroad lateral borders and distirwt ~?orderfurrows. The broad doublure is slightly
concave, marked by a few parallel ridges,
and terminated anteriorly at the mediansuture and posteriorly extending into thegenal spine. The hypostoma is elongate,
subquadrate, and convex. It bears a pairof short lateral spines. The medianbody is oval and distinctly delimited bymarginal furrows. The posterior innerborder is broad and U-shaped, convex,
and faintly defined by the border furrow. The marginal border is narrowand elevated.
The late meraspid pyridium is ankylosed with one or a few of the thoracic
segments and varies from 0.9 to 2.0 mm.
in length ; some of the small specimens
possess two to five thoracic segments infront of the stout macrosegment, andthe pygidium is small. In the larger
forms the macrosegment is reduced inlength, and the pygidium increases inwidth. The axial lobe is narrow, conical, and convex. It consists of various
numbers of axial rings. The pleurallobe is broader than the axis. The
pygidium increases in its number ofsegments, but the segmental furrow
become obsolete during later growth
periods.
The morphological changes of the latemeraspid stage are the initial appearance of the preglabellar field, the reduction in width of the fixigenae, the increase in relative size of the hypostomal
median body, and the decrease in relative length of the lateral spines. The
pygidium increases in size, but the
number of the anterior macrosegmental
thoracic segments becomes less distinct.

The librigenae show a reduction in thelength of the genal spines.
Figured specimens.Metaprotaspides, U.C.M. 39744k, j.
Early meraspides,
Cranidia, U.C.M. 39744i, h.
Librigena, U.C.M. 39744m.
Hypostoma, U.C.M. 397441.
Pygidia, U.C.M. 39744p-v.
Late Meraspides,
Cranidia, U.C.M. 39744e-g.
Librigena, U.C.M. 39744g', 1'.
Hypostoma, U.C.M. 39744n.
Pygidia, U.C.M. 39744w-z, a'-d'.

Family undetermined
Genus Ponumia Hu, new genus

Type-species.-Bynumiella? obscura
LOCHMAN.

Diagnosis.- Cranidium subtriangular
to elliptical in outline ; glabella narrow,.
subtriangular, with narrowly rounded
anterior end ; glabellar furrows indistinct, occipital ring convex, crescentic,.
bearing medium-sized occipital spine;:preglabellar field rather narrow, sloping
ventrally toward the anterior borderfurrow; anterior border furrow almost
obsolete, very narrow anterior border;.
fixigenae sloping ventrally, convex,
bearing small palpebral lobes ; posterior
fixigenae of same width as occipitalring (sag.). Librigenae unknown. Pygidium subtriangular in outline, convex,.
with three large axial rings and a small,.
triangular terminal portion ; convex:
pleural lobes of same width as axial
ring, which bears three or four pairs ofpleural furrows and interpleural grooves..
Description.-Convex cranidium broadly subtriangular in outline, ·delimited by
distinct dorsal furrows. Convex glabella.
narrowly conical with a narrow and.
rounded anterior margin; glabellar furrows indistinct, except for the last pair,.

565.

Ontogenies of Ponumia·and Housia (Trilobita)

which are faifitly impressed. Convex
crescentic occipital ring distinctly separated by narrow· occipitat furrow ; ringbears a medium:sized spine: Brim narrow, i.e., about one-third the length ofglabella (sag.). Flat brim slopes slightly
ventrally and has faintly impressed
frontal furrow ; anterior border very
narrowly triangular with a median point
projecting anteriorly. Fixigenae broadly
triangular, convex, with small palpebral
lobes slightly elevated and locate-d next
to anterior glabellar margin (tr.) ; palpebral ridge indistinct ; posterior fixic
genae br'oiidly triangular, convex, distinctly impressed by rear furrow; convex marginal border of medium width(sag.) and about the same width as
occipital ring (tr.). Anterior branch of
facial sutafe running convergent convex,
short, narrowly cutting anterior fixigenae; posterior facial suture divergent
immediat~ly behind palpebral lobes but
strongly convex laterally with broad
posterior fixigenae.
Pygidium broadly subtriangular inoutline but with posterior marginal
medially recessed. Axial lobe conical,
taper·ing posteriorly and bearing threeor four convex axial rings and deep·
ring furrow ; terminal portion narrowly
triangular, faintly marked by a pair oflateral furrows. Convex pleural lobe
equal to or slightly narrower in widththan axial lobe ; pleural lobes sloping
ventrally from dorsal furrow and marked
by three or four pairs of pleural furrows
and interpleural grooves ; pleural bands
run directly from dorsal furrow to posterior lateral margin. No border orborder furrow is distinguishable.
The librigena and hypostome are unknown. The skeletal surface is smoothor finely granulose.
Comparison.- The new genus Ponumia
is very similar to· the genus Aphelotoxon

259

PALMER (1960, 1965) : Both possess aconical glabella, small palpebral lobes
and narrow fixigenae; ·but Ponumia differs in having the palpebral lobes locatedanteriorly and in having· a preglabellar
field. The pygidium of Ponumia also
resembles that of Aphelotoxon (A limbata
PALMER, 1965, p. 79,. 80 ; pl. 19, 'figs. 6,11) and resembles the pygidium of thegenus Cliffia WILSON (Cliffia wilsoni
LOCHMAN, 1964, p. 47, pl. 11, figs. 18-20),
but differs ip. being slightly broader.
The gentis Ponumia is differentiatedfrom Bynu"!iella RESSER (1942) by thepresence of the frontal furrow, narrower
glabella, broader posterior fixigenae, andpresence of the occipital spine. WILSON(1951) reported that the genus Bynumiellaoccurs in the Trempealeuan with thegenera Illaenurus and Raseitia. PALMER(1965) re-examined the types .of Bynumiella (B. typicalis RESSER) and synonymized it with the genus Cleandia
Ross (1951). Nevertheless, I:>oth of these
forms, i. e., Bynumiella and Clelandia,
are much younger than the new genus
Ponumia.
The family of the new genus Ponumia
is still undetermined, · bp.t Aphelotoxon,
Cltffia, and Ponumia may belong to thesame taxonomic group.

Ponumia obscura (LOCHMAN)
Pl. 28, figs. 1-25, 27, 32-35;
text-fig. 3a-k.
Bynumiella ? obscura LocHMAN, Pl. 19, figs.
21-24, p. 46.
.

Material.- This species is represented
in the' ~uthor's collections by more than
two hundred immature specimens, 15
adult cranidia, and.several pygidia. The
specimens were slightly compacted anddeformed due to ·preservation in ·a shale
matrix. LOCHMAN (1964) has associatedChung-Hung Hu

260

two small pygidia with the cranidiumof the present species ; both pygidia
measure less than 1.0 mm. in length(sag.). They quite possibly represent
the earlier immature pygidia of Housia
canadensis (WALCOTT), because they
have distinct segments (pl. 27, figs. 1922). The cranidium of the present species comforms exactly to those found in
the Williston Basin (LOCHMAN, 1965).

b

Q

The largest cranidium is about 2.0 mm.,and pygidium, 1.5 mm. in length. Apparently this is the small, not especiallycommon, but widely distributed trilobiteof the Elvinia zone.
Figured specimens.-:P!esiotypes
Cranidia, U.C.M. 39745s, t, w.
Pygidia, U .C.M. 39745y, z, a', b' .

c
d

f

e

g

Text-fig. 3. A growth series of Ponumia obscura (LocHMAN).
a, an anaprotaspis, x 60; b, c, twp metaprotaspides, x 60; d,. a paraprotaspis, x 43; e,f, two early meraspid cranidia, x 34, x 30; g, a meraspid pygidium, x 24; h, a latemeraspid cranidium, x 30 ;· i, an adult pygidium, x 13; j, k, two adult cranidia, x 22,
x 12. (All drawings were made from the photographs.)

Ontogeny
Anaprotaspid stage (Pl. 28, figs. 1, 2 ;text-fig. 3al.-The shield is abo ut 0.20-

0.24 mm. in length, rounded and convex
with well-defined axial and pleural lobes.
The axial lobe is elongate fusiform , divided into four segments, of which the565.

Ontogenies Qj Ponumia and Housia (Trilobita):first segment or frontal lobe is small
and delimited by a pair of distinct lateral pits.; the second to fourth segments
are each composed of two nodes, which
are all distinctly defined by dorsal, longitudinal, and segmental furrows. The·COnvex pleural lobes are of the same
width as the axis:; two or three pairs·of pleural furrows are faintly marked
laterally from the axial segmental furrows. The librigena and pygidium are
unknown. The skeletal surface is minutely granulose.
Mataprotaspid stage (pL 28, figs. 3-6,
8-12; text-fig. 3b, c).-The shield is about{).25-0.30 mm. in length (sag.), rounded
to subrounded in outline, and moderately
convex with distinctly differentiatedaxial pleural lobes. The smallest instars
show the fusiform axis, which is composed of five axial segments. The first
segment, or frontal lobe is small, rounded
anteriorly, and faintly delimited by apair of lateral pits. The second to fourth
segments are each composed of a pairof rounded nodes and separated bybroad, deeply impressed long furrows;
the last, or occipital, segment is small.and rounded and located near the posterior margin of the shield. The pleurallobe is convex, gently and uniformly
sloping ventrally along the margin. The
pleural or fixigenal furrows are shownby certain well-preserved specimens (pl.
28, figs. 9-10). The larger instars of themetaprotaspid stage are elongate, with
·Or without a longitudinal central axial
furrow ; generally the axial nodes are
fused in pairs to form three complete
transverse rings. The skeletal surface
is covered by minute granules. No
librigena or pygidium is seen.
Paraprotaspid stage (pl. 28, .figs. 7, 1317; text-fig. 3d).-The skeleton is subrounded convex, and distinctly divided
into cranidial and pygidial shields. The

261

length ·o.f the skeleton var;ies from 0.350.55 rnm. (sag..). The dorsal furrow is
distinct. The g.labella is narrow, .cylindrical or gently tape·ring anteriorly witha slightly expanded frontal lobe; glabel.Jar rings are faintly delimited by furrows. The first glabellar segment or
frontal lobe is expanded forward andcontinues with a pair of eye-brow ridges
Iateraily from its antero-lateral corners.
The second glabellar segment is slightly
smaller than the following ones, which
are transversely oval. The occipitalring is distinctly marked off from theglabel1a by a deep furrow. The ring istransversely oval and possibly bears aminute occipital spine. The fixigenae
are about the same width as the glabella
and bear very fine palpebral ridges located at the antero-lateral margins,which indicate the initial appearance ofthe narrow, elongate librigenae. The
posterior fixigenal border is convexly
elevated and defined by a distinct borderfurrow. The small protopygidium issubtriangular, convex, and slopes ventrally from the posterior cranidial margin; it shows none to two segments.
The surface of the skeleton is converedby fine minute granules, and possibly
by few coarser ones.
Early meraspid stage (pl. 28, figs. 1519, 22, 23; text-fig. 3e, f).- The convex
cranidium is nearly regular trapezoidal
in outline and has its anterior borderarching forward uniformly. It is about
0.50-0.70 mm. long (sag.). The dorsal
furrow is distinctly impressed. The
glabella is cylindrical, tapering gently
forward, slightly expanded anteriorly;
the glabellar furrows are incomplete,
deeply impressed iaterally and shallow
across the central axis. The narrowanterior border appears along the anterior glabellar margin from which it isseparated by the frontai furrow. The

262

Chung-Hung Huanterior of the glabella is elevated andarches. forward. The occipital ring is
nar:row, convex, and delimited by the
deep occipital furrow; the occipital ringbears a minute median spine directed
posteriorly. The convex fixigenae areslightly Wider than, or of the same
width as the glabella. ·The palpebral
lobes are located at the antero-lateral
margin of the fixigenae. The narrowpalpebral lobes are elevated and welldefined -by the palpebral furrows. Theiranterior ends are continuous with the
eye-ridges, which run directly to theantero-lateral corners of the glabella.
The posterior fixigenae are about thesame width as the occipital ring andhave the border furrow deeply marked.
The 'border is elevated; the lateral margin is rounded and steeply sloping
ventrally; it suggests the proparial
suture. The anterior facial suture isshort and convergent-convex, and theposterior one is long and divergent-convex from the posterior ends of the palpebral lobes. The cni.nidial surface iscovered by minute granules and sparselywith coarse ones.
Late meraspid stage (pl. 28, figs. 18, 27,
32; text-fig. 3g; h).-'-The convex · cranidium varies from 0.70-0.95mm. in length(sag.) and is triangular in outline ... The

Explanation of Plate 27 ·Figures 1~33. Housia canadensis (WALCOTT).
1-5. Five cranidia, notice the variation in the fac.ial suture, size of palpebral lobe, andpresence or absence of glabellar furrows.
1, 3.5 U.C.M. 39744; 2, x 13, U .C.M. 39744a; 3, x 14, U.C.M. 39744b; 4, x 4, U.C.M.
39744c; 5, x 8.3, U .C.M. 39744d. ·6-8. Three late meraspid cranidia.
6, x17, U.C.M. 39744e; 7, x20, U.C.M. 39744f; 8, x20, U.C.M. 39744g.
9, 10. Two early meraspid cranidia. ·9, x30, U.C.M. 39744h; 10, x30, U.C.M. 39744i.
11, 12. Two metaprotaspides.
11, X 60, U.C.M. 39744j; 12, X 60, U.C.M. 39744k.
14. An early meraspid librigena.
x 12, U.C.M. 39744m.
13, 15-18. A growth sequence of the hypostoma, showing the absence of the lateral spineand expansion of the median body during each successive growth stages.
13, x60, U.C.M. 397441; 15, x25, U.C.M. 39744n; 16, x12, U.C.M. 39744o; 17, x10,
U.C.M. 39744p; 18, x8, U.C.M. 39744q.
19-24. A growth series of the early meraspid pygidium showing the presence of the caudal
spine.
19, x25, U.C.M. 39744r; 20, x25, U.C.M. 39744s; 21, x26, U.C.M. 39744t; 22, x25,
U.C.M. 39744u; 23, x20, U.C.M. 39744v; 24, x20, U.C.M. 39744w.
25-31. A growth series of the late meraspid pygidium, notice the expansion of the macrosegment, and obsolescence of the thoracic segments during its successive growth
periods.
25, x2b, U.C.M. 39744x; 26, x15;.u.C.M. 39744y; 27, x15, U.C.M. 39744z; 28, x14,
U.C.M. 39744a'; 29, ·x14, U.C.M. 39744b'; 30, x13, U;C.M. 39744c'; 31, x8, U.C.M.
39744d'.
32, 33. Two adult pygidia, showing the ankylosis of the macrosegment.
32, x6, U.C.M. 39744e'; 33, x5, U.C.M. 39744f'.

C. H. HU:

30

Plate 27

Trilobit e

31

32

565.

Ontogenies of Ponumia and Housia (Trilobita)

dorsal furrows are distinctly marked.
The conical glabella is faintly impressedby two pairs of recognizable glabellar
furrows, which are very faint. The
narrow preglabellar field appears infront of the anterior glabellar margin,
which slopes downwards to the indistinct
frontal furrow. The anterior border isnarrow, elevated, obtuse, median lobe
pointing anteriorly. The convex crescentic occipital ring is separated by a
deep occipital furrow; the ring bears a
median spine. The broad, subtriangular
fixigenae are convex, sloping ventrally
from the dorsal furrow. The narrowpalpebral lobes are located on the fixigenae antero-laterally behind the transverse line of the anterior glabellar margin. The posterior fixigenal border isbroad, elevated, and delimited by deep
border furrows. The pygidium is transversely triangular in outline, gently
convex, with an elevated axial lobe. It
consists of three axial rings and arounded terminal portion. Each pleurallobe is broader than the ax·is ; each
pleural segment ends is a short, broadspine. The posterior margin is medially recessed and the pleural segments
are concentrically arranged around theterminal portion of the axis.
Theskeletal surface is faintly granulose andbears coarser granules more sparsely
distributed. The larger specimens show
the palpebral lobes located in front of
the transverse line of the anterior glabellar margin; this indicate that the eye
position moved forward during the latemeraspid period.
Figured specimens.Anaprotaspides, U.C.M. 39745, 39745a.

263

Metaprotaspides, U.C.M. 39745b-e, g-k.
Paraprotaspides, U.C.M. 39745f, I, m, o, PEarly meraspid cranidia, U.C.M. 39745n,
r, u, v.

Late meraspid cranidia, U.C.M. 39745q, X-

References Cited
Hu, C.H. (1968a) : Note on the ontogeny
and sexual dimorphism of Upper Cambrian trilobites of the Welleraspis faunule from Pennsylvania. jour. Nanyang
University, vol. 2, p. 321-357.
- - (1968b) : Ontogeny and sexual dimorphism of Lower Paleozoic trilobites. Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Universityof Cincinnati, Ohio. (accepted for Paleontographica Americana.)
KoBAYASHI, T. & IcHIKAWA, T. (1955): Discovery of Proceratopyge in the Chuangia
zone in Manchuria, with a note on the
Ceratopygidae. Trans. Proc. Palaeont.
Soc. japan, N.S., no. 19, p. 65-72.
LaCHMAN, C. (1959) : Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, part 0, Arthropoda 1.
Geol. Soc. America, p. 260.
- - (1964) : Upper Cambrian faunas fromthe subsurface Deadwood Formation, Williston Basin, Montana. jour. Paleontology,
val. 38, p. 33-60.
PALMER, A.R. (1960): Trilobites of the Upper Cambrian Dunderberg Shale, Eureka
district, Nevada.
Geol. Survey, Prof.
Paper, 334-c, p. 53-109.
- - (1965) : Trilobites of the Late Cambrianpeterocephalid biomere in the Great Basin,
United States. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper,
492, p. 101.
WALCOTT, C. D. (1925) : Cambrian and Lower Ozarkian trilobites. Smith. Misc. Coli.,
vol. 75, p. 53-60.
WILSON, J.L. (1951) : Franconian trilobitesof central Appalachians. jour. Paleontology, val. 2, p. 617-654.

264

Chung-Hung Hu

Explanation of Plate 28
Figures 1~23, 25, 27, 32-35. Ponumia obscura (LocH MAN).
1, 2. Two anaprotaspid shields notice the faint impression of the cephalic segmental
furrows.
1, x60, U.C.M. 39745; 2, x60, U.C.M. 39745a.
3-6, 8-12. A growth sequence of the metaprotaspid shields, showing the absence of thecentral axial furrow, and the combination of the axial rings.
3, x60, U.C.M. 39745b; 4, x60, U.C.M. 39745c; 5, x60, U.C.M. 39745d; 6, x53,
U.C.M. 39745e; 8, x53, U.C.M. 39745g; 9, x53, U.C.M. 39745h; 10, x53, U.C.M.
39745i; 11, x53, U.C.M. 39745j; 12, x53, U.C.M. 39745k.
7, 13, 14, 16, 17. A growth series of paraprotaspides, notice the presence of the protopygidium.
7, x43, U.C.M. 39745f; 13, x40, U.C.M. 397451; 14, x43, U.C.M. 39745m; 16, x43,
U.C.M. 39745o; 17, x40, U.C.M. 39745p.
15, 19, 22, 23. Four early meraspid cranidia.
15, x34, U.C.M. 39745n; 19, x30, U.C.M. 39745r; 22, x30, U.C.M. 39745u; 23, x30,
U.C.M. 39745v.
18, 27. Two late meraspid cranidia.
18, x 30, U.C.M. 39745q; 27, x 30, U.C.M. 39745x.
20, 21, 25. Three slightly deformed cranidia.
20, x22, U.C.M. 39745s; 21, x13, U.C.M. 39745t; 25, x12, U.C.M. 39745w.
32-35. A growth series of the pygidium, notice the differentiation of the pygidial segmentsfrom the terminal portion.
32, x24, U.C.M. 39745z; 33, x24, U.C.M. 39745a'; 34, x18, U.C.M. 39745b'; 35, x13,
U.C.M. 39745y.
Figures 24, 26, 28-31. Housia canadensis (WALCOTT).
A growth sequence of the librigena, notice the obsolescence of the genal spine during its
successive growth periods.
24, x3.4, U.C.M. 39744g'; 26, x8, U.C.M. 39744h'; 28, x3, U.C.M. 39744i'; 29, x4,
U.C.M. 39744j'; 30, x8, U.C.M. 39744k'; 31, x10, U.C.M. 397441'.

Plate 28

C. H . Hu : Trilobite

2

1

5

4

12

11

13

14

21

33

8

9

10

6

15

17

16

19

20

18

32

22

23

26

24

34

25

28

29

30

31

35

Trans. Proc. Palaent. Soc. Japan, N. S .. , No. 73, pp. 265-275, pis. 29, 30, June 30, 1970

566. SOME PALYNOMORPHS FROM THE UPPERCRETACEOUS SEDIMENTS OF HOKKAIDOKIYOSHI TAKAHASHI
Department of Geology, Nagasaki University~tl'Wi:iLI:~~r3!!U2:1lfJ't~iPt;,OY6=fOJ1H;): ~t141J))[:JJR~IIOJ®5JrJ,ILUf~B!!!!*20J1Ef'!) • Hf!l.f-OJ!fl;lpt;, ~)!l'\!'I':Hc ~L..v'*fil&~'b'? Loranthaceae OJTt¥» 2 fi], Proteaceae OJ:.fEt} 1
l!Jl, jilf~::r;aA OJ Aquilapollenites 1E*» 2 l!Jl, M ancicorpus :.fEfj} 1 fill. ? Sporopollis TtV.B
1l!ll :t.>J::'CF i!Eill'!Jf!ll'f£0)1:;}1,~-c- :/-" ~ .Y O)lj.;lp1?9<Jlt;,;f1,"(1t';l;: Orbiculapollis globosus
lC '? v' "Cticil& L.., !!Ui:"f:~I"J t,;. t;, V'lefi1H'0til!J-_II!"f:IY95J'1!i"IC'? v' "C !Jl!l};j(<b .Q ~~ilq~IJAA J.... t2 OJ"C~.....;:.Q.

jl!lj;f,!ijiilf

as Trivestibulopollenites sp. from theUpper Cretaceous Hakobuchi Group,
Yubari coalfield.
The author wishes to thank Professor
Dr. Tatsuro MATSUMOTO, Departmentof Geology, Kyushu University, for hiskind assistance in getting the samples
analyzed, and for valuable suggestions
on the stratigraphic relations andgeologic age; and Dr. AZUMA, Sapporo
Mining Office, Petroleum Exploitation
Corporation, for kindly supplying theboring core!:. Thanks are also due toProfessor Dr. Glenn E. RousE, Department of Botany, University of British
Columbia, Canada, for his valuableadvice in the determination of some ofthe species, and for reading the manuscript.

Introduction

In 1964, the author described many
spores and pollen grains from the Upper
Cretaceous Hakobuchi Group. Later, he(1965), in reporting some spores andpollen grains from the Upper Cretaceous
sediments from boring cores at Nishibetsu, eastern Hokkaido, emphasizedthat the pollen assemblages must be
studied carefully for a stratigraphic
standard. However, the zonation of
the Upper Cretaceous pollen assemblages
in the Nemuro and Kushiro regions has
not yet been established.
In this paper, the author describes indetail some remarkable pollen grains
which were first reported by him in
1965, and compares these with the sameor similar pollen grains from both thecircum-Pacific region and Siberia. In
addition, he redescribes here theSiberian species, Orbiculapollis globosus
CHLONOVA, which in 1964 he reported

Materials and Methods

Five core samples from the boring
SK 1 were palynologically analyzed.
The sedimentary rocks. analyied andtheir depth are as follows :Received December 13, 1969; read January
19, 1970 at Sendai.

265

266

Kiyoshi TAKAHASHI

Depth from surface
Rock type901. 5 m .............. greenish gray shale
917.1 m .............. gray shale
933. 0 m .............. dark gray shale
983. 0 m .............. light greenish shale
1007.0 m .............. dark gray shale

The samples were crushed in an ironmortar. After macerating with dilute
HCl during one to several days the finematerials only were gathered by stiring

the precipitate, and excluding coarse
fragments. The fine fractions were thenrinsed repeatedly with water. Finally,
concentrated HF was used for dissolving minerals that were not dissolved byHCl, mainly silica. The organic residue
containing microfossils was mounted inglycerine jelly on slides and sealed witha mixture of solid paraffin and Canadabalsam for microscopic studies.

140'

t--42"

(J

~~Km
144°

Text-fig. 1. Map showing the localities of the Upper
Creta'ceous palynomorphs of Hokkaido.

Spores, pollen grains, andother microfossils

The author could find some palynomorphs from four samples, excepting
the sample of dark gray shale at 933.0
m in depth. Unfortunately, the palynomorphs were not well preserved, andin some cases, morphological details
were difficult to determine. The palynomorphs obtained from the various
samples are as follows:(A)

Boring No. SK 1, 901.5 m in depth.

Spores:Stereisporites pseudostereoides TAKAHASHI,
Laevigatosporites
senonicus
TAKAHASHI,
Laevigatosporites ? sp., Deltoidospora psilostoma RousE
Pollen grains :Inaperturopollenites pseudodubius TAKAHASHI, Inaperturopollenites magnus (R. PoT.)THOMSON & PFLUG, Cycadopites sp., Graminites sp., Monocolpopollenites sp., Monocolpopollenites ? sp., Alnipollenites em in ens TAKAHASH!, U lmipollenites sp., Tricolporopollenites

566.

Upper Cretaceous Palynomorphs

castaneoides TAKAHASHI, Tricolpopollenites ?
reticulatus TAKAHASHI, Tricolporopollenites
minor TAKAHASHI, Ilexpollenites claval us
TAKAHASHI, Ilexpolienites excellens TAKAHASH!,
Tricolporopollenites meinohamensis
T AKAHASI-11, subsp. rotund us TAKAHASHI,
Tricolporopollenites spp., ? Cranwellia striata(COUPER) SRIVASTAVA.

(B)

Boring No. SK 1, 917.1 m in depth.

Spore:

Laevigatosporites senonicus TAKAHASHI
Pollen grains :Betulaepollenites minutulus TAKAHASHI,
Alnipollenites em in ens TAKAHASHI, Tricolporopollenites spp.
Hystrichosphere:

Leiosphaeridia n. sp. (no descr-iption)(C)

Boring No. SK 1, 983.0 m in depth.

Spores:

Laevigatosporites senonicus T AKAI-IASI-11,
Laevigatosporites dehiscens T AKAI-IASI-11, Laevigatosporites sp., ? Cicatricososporites sp.
Pollen grains :Inaperturopollenites pseudodubius TAKAHASH I, Inaperturopollenites sp., ? Sequoiapollenites sp., Betulaepollenites minutulus TAKAHASH!, Alnipollenites eminens T AKAI-IASHI,
Triporopollenites sp., Tricolporopollenites sp.,
Cranwellia striata (CouPER) SRIVASTAVA,Polyporopollenites spp., Aquilapollenites parvus
n. sp., ? Sporopollis sp.
Hystrichospheres:

Leiosphaeridia n. sp. (no description), Leiosphaeridia sp., Baltisphaeridium spp., Hystrichosphaeridium sp., Hystrichosphaeridium n.
sp. (no description), "Spinidinium" sp.

(D)

Boring No. SK 1, 1007.0 m in depth.

Spores:Stereisporites limbatus TAKAHASHI, Lygodiumsporites ? sp., ? Cicatricososporites sp.,
Laevigatosporites probatus TAKAHASHI,
Laevigatosporites dehiscens TAKAHASHI,
Laevigatosporites senonicus TAKAHASHI,
Punctatosporites sp., Apiculatisporis cf. inouei
TAKAHASHI, Lycopodiumsporites sp., Echinatisporites _sp., ? Biretisporites cf. minus TAKA·

HASH!, Biretisporites sp.,
sp.

267
? Reticulisporites

Pollen grains :I_naperturopollenites
pseudodubius T AKAHASHI, Pityosporites sp., Inaperturopollenites
magnus (R. POT.) THOMSON & PFLUG, ?
Phyllocladidites sp., Alnipollenites eminens
TAKAHASHI, Proteacidites thalmanni ANDER·
SON, Tricolporopollenites cf. microreticulatus
TAKAHASHI, Cranwellia cf. rumseyensis SR rv ASTAV A, Tricolporopollenites spp., Aquilapollen,ites parvus n. sp., Mancicorpus sp.,
Aquilapollenites cf. mirabilis SRrv ASTAV A.
Hystrichospheres :Cymatiosphaera globulosa TAKAHASHI, Hystrichosphaera sp., Micrhystridium cf. asagaiense TAKAHASHI, Micrhystridium spp., Leiosphaeridia n. sp. (no description), ? Leiosphaeridia sp.

The sample yielding the Siberianpollen species, Orbiculapollis globosus
CHLONOVA, is from the Fukaushi sandstone member of the Hakobuchi Group
close to the .Qyubari dam, Yubari coalfield. The following palynomorphs were
found:
Spores:Gleicheniidites marginatus T AKAI-!ASHI,
Concavisporites sp., Stereisporites pseudostereoides T AKAI-IAsr-11, Corrugatisporites yubariensis TAKAHASHI, Baculatisporites cf. valid us
TAKAHASHI, Neoraistrickia sp., Tuberculatisporites sp., ? Tuberculatisporites sp., ? Biretisporites minus T AKAI-IASHI, Laevigatosporites
prominens TAKAHASHI, ? Laevigatosporites
probatus T AKAHASI-11, Laevigatosporites dehiscens T AKAI-IASHI, Laevigatosporites senonicus
TAKAHASHI, Polypodiisporites repandus TAKAHASH!, Polypodiisporites invisus TAKAHASHI,
Punctatisporites sp.
Pollen grains :Inaperturopollenites pseudodubius TAKAHAS HI, ? I naperturopollenites falsus TAKA·
HASH!, Inaperturopollenites sp., Momipites sp.,
Betulaepollenites
minutulus
T AKAI-IASI-11,
Betulaepollenites sp., Orbiculapollis globosus
CHLONOV A, Alnipollenites eminens TAKAHASH!, Polyporopollenites puncta/us TAKA-

2:6.8:

Kiyo>Shv 'l''AKAFFAsm·

FI AS I'II, P.o>typo?'opolle·nit e~

sp·., Utmipoll.enites
Craminidites microapertus T A I<AI-I AS Hll,
M onocolpopollenites shiyupmro·ensis. T A K A 1-I A SI-II, T r-ice•lpopot'len·ites d. d'i tis T P. Ii A I-JIA&H I,
Tr-ic()/popo.ll'enite.s sp p..., Rhoipi·tes- ? mimutvreticulatus T A K AI'I A SI-H, T ri:wlporo.po/.len vtes
cf.
minor
T A K A H A SH I,
Aquilapo'i'l'eni t es.
quad'rinus. T AI<A&IASI-11, ? PisPi•llip.ol'flenit es sp•.

sp .,The· sediments· obtaimed h:om thet:wcring cores ali Nishibetsu co.ntair.J. some
<i:O'Fnmon speci-es w ith those fro m theupper members· of the Hakobuchi Group,that is, StereisjJOrites pseudost-ereoid:es
T AKAHASHI, Laevigatosporites senonicus
T AKAHASHI, Laevigatosporites dehiscens
TAKAHASH I, Inaperturopollenites pseudodubius T AKAHASHI, Alnipollenites. eminens
TAKAHASHI, Jnaperturopollenites magnus(R. POT..) THOMSON & P FLUG,. and Be·tufaepollenites 1:nrinutu:lu s. TAKAHASHI.
Stereispori~es P·seudoster.eoides TAKAlrllASHI, Laevigatosporites seno n~cus T AKAWASH!, a lilid /n@Jj9·ertur.oj)IY.lbe7,~ites 1.rvagnms,(R. PAT.) THOMSQN & P FLUG occur ilili
the Hakobuchi Group, and Betulaepatlenites minutulus T AKAHAS HI onl y inupper horizon of the Hakobuchi Group.
'The others r a nge f rom Upper Cretaceous to Paleogene.
The genus Cranwellia occurs only inthe circum-Pacific regions and Siberia,
and is fairl y characteristic of the Up per
Cretaceous and Paleogene. Cranwellia
str.iata (COUPER) SRIVASTAVA appears.
mo.r e often in the Maastrichtia n o.fwestern Canada ani!l Siberia than in the
Pafeogene.
Cranwellia
rumsey ensis
SRIVASTAVA is kno wn only in the
Edmonton Formation of A lberta, Canada.
Proteacidites thalmanni ANDERSON has
been reported from the Maastr ichtianof many regions, including New Mexico,
California, Mor.1tana, and Am ur (Sibe ria).
MaFlly localities containing Orbicul·apollis
globosus CHLONOV A are kno.wn in Siberia.
0He specimen was reported as "cf.

Orbicuf.apol'tis gf.ohosus CHLONO·VA " byS. K. SRIVASTAVA (1968) fromtheEdmonton Formation, A lberta, Canada ..
The ge nus Sp oropollis, belo.nging to the
N ormapolles group, was. pr oposed by
H. D. Pnu.G in 1953 and is known in.
the Upper Cretaceous. of Europe. K. R ..
NEWMAN (1965) described Sporopollis
laqJt&e·aeforrrnis WEYLAND & GRE1FEJ1D
from the Mancos shale, Mesaverde, lies,.
and Williams Fork FormatiOiil.S. Speci·es.
of flquilapollenites are very. interestillilgamd. im,pa:rtant because of the·i:r s liratigrap.hi,c drstributrio·n. Most olf Aq.ui·lapo.blenites species appear in the Up-[;)er
Cretaceous, especiall y in the Maastrichtian of Alaska, western Canada, northwestern America (USA), Japan, andSiberia. They also occur, but apparentfy
in much reduced numbers in Southeaste-rn A sia i:nclttding So.uth India,.
equatorial regions of Africa, Scotl'andetc.
All slides are kept in the Departme_nt
of Geology,, Kyushu University.

:Description of palynomorphs
Family Loranthaceae
Genus Cranwellia SRIVASTAVA, 1966
T ype species :Cranwellia striata(COUPER) SRIVASTAVA

Cranwellia sl7'iata (COUPER)
SH.IVASTAVA
P l. 29, figs. la, b.
1953. Elytranthe st riatus CoUP ER, New Zealand Ceo/. Surv. P aleont . Bull. 22, p.
51 , pl. 6, fig. 85.
1957. Elytranthe striatus, G. E. Ro usE . Ca-nadian ]. Bot., 35, p. 369, pl. 3, fig. 64 ..
1960. T riptycha striata CHLON.OVA , Tr. J.nst'.
Ceo!. Ceophys., Sibirsk, Otd. Akad:.

566.

Upper Cretaceous Palynomorphs

Nauk, SSSR, 3, p. 74, pl. 10, fig. 36.
1961. ? Elytranthe striatus, A. F. CHLONov A,
Tr. lnst. Geol. Geophys., Sibirsk, Otd,
Akad. Nauk, SSSR, 7, p. 90-91, pl. 16,
figs. 123, 124.
1965. Elytranthe striatus, G. M. BRATZEVA.
Geol. Inst. Akad. Nauk, SSSR, 129, p.
37, pl. 22, figs. 1-6.
1966. Cranwellia striata (CouPER) SRIVASTAVA, Pollen et spores, 8, 3, p. 537538, pl. 11, figs. 1, 4.

Description:
Isopolar,tricolporate
pollen, colpi breaking until halfway tothe poles. Grain triangular with somewhat rounded apices, sides concave inpolar view. Exine thin, finely granular,
granules arranged in a linear patterngiving a striate appearance, striations
meeting at right angles to the colpi.
Equatorial diameter 31.6,u, distance fromthe pole to the sides 11.5 to 12.5,u.
Occurrence: Light-greenish shale fromthe boring No. SK 1, 983.0 m in depth,
at Nishibetsu, eastern Hokkaido; Upper
Cretaceous-Maastrichtian?
Remarks: In 1966, S. K. SRIVASTAVA
proposed a new organ-genus Cranwellia
instead of the genus Elytranthe. The
present species Cranwellia striata occurs
sometimes in Paleogene and Upper
Cretaceous sediments of the circumPacific regions and Siberia.
Distribution: The following localities
and ages yielding this species are
known:New Zealand:
Waimumu-Otamita Rd., Mataura valley,
Southland; Oligocene-Landonian.
Canada:Southern Alberta; Oldman Formation, Upper
Cretaceous-Santonian.
Scollard, Alberta; Upper Edmonton memberof the Edmonton Formation, Upper Cretaceous-Maastrichtian.
USSR:
Siberia, right bank of the river Sym, 5 km
up the mouth of the river Doguldo, 300-

269

500 m above Brusovo Yar; Danian-Lower
Paleogene.
Catchment areas of the rivers Sym, Taz,and Vakh, wells at Tolka; Upper Cretaceous.
Amur; Upper Cretaceous-Maastrichtian.
Northwestern, western, and eastern areasof the west Siberian lowland; SenonianPaleocene.

Cranwellia cf. rumseyensis SRIVASTAVA
Pl. 29, figs. 2a, b.
1966. Cranwellia rumseyensis SRIVASTAVA,
Pollen et spores, 8, 3, p. 538, pl. 11,
figs. 3, 7.

Description:
Isopolar, tricolpate (?)
pollen, colpi reaching halfway to thepoles. Equatorial contour triangular,
with slightly convex sides.
Exine
granulate, with granules arranged striae.
Striae very fine, running at right angles
to each colpus. Equatorial diameter ofthe present specimen 21,u.
Occurrence: Dark gray shale fromthe boring No. SK 1, 1007.0 m in depth,
at Nishibetsu, eastern Hokkaido; Upper
Cretaceous-Maastrichtian?
Remarks: The present specimen isvery similar to the Canadian species
Cranwellia rumseyensis SRIV AST AVA fromthe Edmonton Formation. The author
reports here the present specimen as
Cranwellia cf. rumseyensis, in spite ofit being impossible to determine exactly
whether this specimen is tricolpate ornot.

Family Proteaceae
Genus Proteacidites COOKSON, 1950
Type species : Proteacidites
adenanthoides CooKSON
Proteacidites thalmanni ANDERSON
Pl. 29, fig. 5.

270

Kiyoshi TAKAHASHI

1960. Protea cidites thalmanni
A NDER SON,
New M exico Bureau of Mines Mineral
Res ., Mem ., 6, p. 21, pl. 2, figs. 1- 4;
pl. 10, figs . 9- 13.
1965. Proteacidites t halmann i, G. M. BR ATZEVA. Geol. I nst. Akad . Na uk, SSSR,
129, p . 33-34, pl. 19, fig s . 1, 2, 5, 6.
1967. Proteacidite s thalmanni, W. S. DR GG .
P alaeontographica, 120, Abt. B, p. 58,
pl. 8, fig. 38.
1969. Proteacidites thalmanni, N. ]. NoRTON
and]. W . HALL. Palaeontographi ca, 125,
Abt. B, p . 38, pl. 5, fig. 10 .

USSR ;
A mur : Zeya - Bureya depression, T sagai ansk Formation ; Mass trichtian.

Pollen- Incertae Sedis
Genus 07-biculapollis CHLONOVA, 1961
Type species : Orbiculapollis

globosus CHLONOV A
Orbiculapollis globosus CHLONOVA
P l. 29, figs. 3, 4a-c .

Description : Triporate pollen grain;slightly elongate-triang ular with straightor convex sides in polar view and withrounded corners; pores large and circular; pore canals (?) widening slightly
inward, about 6 to 7p. in depth, 12.6 to
14p in diameter. Exine about 1.5p. thick.
Exine surface reticulate, lumina of irregular shape, 0.7 to 1.4p. in diameter.
Size of pollen grain about 40p..
Occurrence: Dark gray shale fromthe boring No. SK 1, 1007.0 m in depth,
at Nishibetsu, eastern Hokkaido.
R emarlls : The present specimen isvery similar to the specimens from theKirtland shale and Lewis shale of New
Mexico, especially the fi g ures 3 and 4
from the Kirtland shale and the fi g ure
13 from the Lewis shale.
Distribution: The Upper Cretaceo us
species, Proteacidites thalmanni ANDERSON, apparently occurs onl y in thecircum-Pacific regions of the northernhemisphere and Siberia. The localities
occurred are as follows:USA:
New Mexico: K ir t la nd s hale an d Lewrs
shale; Upp ermost Cretaceous.
California :Upper Moreno Formation,
Marca shale and Dos Palos shale; Maastri chtian and Danian.
Montana : Hell Creek Formation; Maas tri chtian.

1960 . Triporina globosa CHLO NOVA, Tr. I nst.
Geol. Geophys., Sibirsk, Old. Akad.
Na uk, SSSR, 3, p. 74-75 , pi : 10, fig. 37.
1961. Orbiculapolli s globosus CHLONOVA, T r.
I nst. Geol. Geoj;hys., Sibirsk, Otd. Akad.
Nau k, SSSR, 7, p. 88, pl. 15, fig. 115.
1961. T riporina globosa, N. MTCHEDLIS HVI LI
in SAM OILOV ITCH & MTCHED L! SHVILI.
T r. Vses. Neft . Nauch .-I ssl . Geologorazved . In st. (VN IGRI ), 177, p . 2442,16, pl. 80, fi gs . 2a-c, 3a, b.
1965 . Orb iculapollis globosus, G. M . BRATZEVA. Geol . In st ., Ak ad . Nau /1, SSS R,
129, p. 10- 11, pl. 1, fi gs. 1, 2, 4, 5.

Description: Isopolar. Triporate pollen. Equatorial contour roundish triangular, with convex sides. Equatorial
diam eter about 26p.. Three germina lapparata with strongly projected apices,
4p. long, 8.5p. broad ()n the base. Ex ine
thin, smoo.th, about 0.5p. thick.
Occurrence: Light-greenish fine sandstone (sample G) of the Fukaushi sandstone member, Upper Hakob uchi Group,
collected near by Oy ubari dam, Yubari
coal-field, Hokkaido.
R emm-lls : In 1964, the author reported the present specimen as T rivestibulopollenites sp., but he describes revisionally here it as Orbiculapollis globosus
CHLONOVA. The form-genus Orbiculapollis was proposed by A. F. CHLONOVA
in 1961. Hitherto, the pollen grains of566.

Upper Cretaceo~~s Palynomorphs

Orbiculapollis have been found in Siberia, Alaska, and western Canada(Alberta), but Orbiculapolli s globosus is
known only from Siberia. The present
specimen described in this paper is thefirst reported in Japan.

Distribution :Orbiculapollis globosus

shows the following distribution in Siberia.
.USSR:
Siberia: A mur; Maastrichtian.
Eastern area of wes t Siberia lo wland;
Senonian- Danian .
Eastern area of cen tral Ural; Upper
Paleocene.
Tazovsk peninsula; Lo wer Eocene.

Genus Sporopollis PFL UG, 1953
T ype species : Sporopollis

documentum PFLUG? sporopollis sp.
Pl. 29, figs. 6a , b.

Pollen grain triporate, oblate. Equatorial contour triangular, sides weakly-convex to concave, pores somewhat
protruding at corners. Equatorial di.ameter 20p.
Exine smooth ; sexine
thickened at pores forming annuli. Triradiate marks on each polar surface.
Tori conspicuous, about 3p in breadth.
Occurrence: Light-g reenish shale fromthe boring No. SK 1, 983.0 m in depth,
at Nishibetsu, eastern I-Iokkaido; Upper·Cretaceous- Maastrichtian?
R emarlzs : Only one specimen was
found from the Upper Cretaceous sediments at Nishibetsu, eastern Hokkaido.
The present relativel y poorly preser ved
specimen is similar to the German Upper Cretaceous species Sporopollis pene.serta PFLUG (1953, p. 93, pl. 19, figs . 5·6). Additional specimens will have to271

be discov ered before the exact status
can be determined .
Genus Aquilapollenites Rou sE emend.
F UNKH OUSER restr. SRIVASTAVA, 1968
T y pe species : AquilajJollenites

quadrilobus Ro usE
Aquilapollenites parvus n. sp .
Pl. 30, fig s . l a-c; 2a , b.

HolotyjJe Dimensions : Polar axis 29 fJ;equatorial axis llp; distance from centerof polar axis to the apices of equatorial
protrusions 19p ; breadth of equatorial
protrusion 12p.
Holotype Preparation : Slide No. GK V 4050; Pl. 30, figs . la-c.
DescrijJtion : lsopolar to subisopolar;
polar protrusions on the proximal anddistal polar region well developed,
rounded ; three w ing -like eq uatorial protrusions meridional, long, size larger
than pola r protrusions, broader at thebase than apex; tricolpate, colpi short,
meridional across the · apices of equa'
torial protrusions. Sexine tectate andpunctate, becoming echinate on equatorial protrusions ; thickness at poles
about 0.8 to 1.3p. Sexine thickens meridion all y at the contact of polar andequatorial protrusions, up to 1.8 to 2p,
and becomes thin at the apices of equatorial protrusions. Spinules, accumina tewith broad base, distributed densely inapical and middle regions of equatorial
protrusions, tips of spimtles on equatorial protrusions directed proximall y_
toward the poiar axis; breadth of spinules at base somewhat less than lp,
length about lp.
Size R ange: Polar axis 24.5 to 29p;
equatorial axis 9 to llp; distance fromthe center of polar axis to the tips ofequatorial protrusions 13 to 19p; breadthKiyoshi TAKAHASHI

272

of equatorial protrusions 9.4 to 12,u.
Illustrated specimen : Slide No. GK- V
4057 ; Pl. 30, figs. 2a, b.
Occurrence : Light-greenish shale fromthe boring No. SK 1, 983.0 m in depth,
at Nishibetsu, eastern Hokkaido; Upper
Cretaceous-Maastrichtian?
Remarks: The present species is very
similar to Aquilapollenites matsumotoi
TAKAHASHI (1964, p. 252-253, pl. 38, figs.
la, b; 3a, b.) from the Hakobuchi Groupof the Yubari coal-field. However, A.
parvus has a smaller body, punctate
sexine, and a thicker sexine in the apical regions of polar protrusions thanA. matsumotoi.
Aquilapollenites cf. mirabilis SRIVASTAVA
Pl. 30, figs. 3a, b.
1968. Aquilapollen.ites mirabilis SRIVASTAVA,
Pollen et spores, 10, 3, p. 680-682, pl.
4, figs. 3-8.

Description: Subisopolar. Three apical projections on the equator of pollen
body, and proximal and distal · polar
projections becoming pollen body; equatorial projections short, spatulate; onepole more flattend than the other, poles
rounded. Tricolpate, colpi meridional
across equatorial projections, long, nar-row, reaching polar regions. Sexine basdonate on body, reticulate, lumina 1.1
to 2.7 ,u, muri 0.7 ,u broad, 2.1,u high inequatorial region, 1.3,u high at poles.
Basal portion of equatorial projections
striae, striae start from the base ofequatorial projections and fan out overthe projection. Broader apices of theequatorial projections reticulate (?),.
lumina about 0.8,u.
Polar axis 40,u; equatorial axis 18,6,t.t;length of equatorial projection 11.8 to·
12.5,u; breadth of equatorial projection
10.5,u at the base, 4.5,u at the apex.
Occurrence : Dark gray shale fromthe boring No. SK 1, 1007.0 m in depth~
at Nishibetsu, eastern Hokkaido; Upper
Cretaceous-Maastrichtian?
Remarks: This Japanese specimen.
resembles the Canadian species Aquilapollenites mirabilis SRIVASTAVA (1968, p..
680-681, pl. 4, figs. 3-8) from the Edmonton Formation in many characteristics. The author has found only one
specimen of this species. The present.
specimen also resembles Aquilapollenites·
medeis SRIVASTAVA (1968, p. 678-679, pl.
3, fig. 6; pl. 4, figs. 1, 2) from the baseof the Edmonton Formation in outline
and bastionate sexine, but differs from
A. medeis in the form and ornamenta-·tion of the equatorial projection.

Explanation of Plate 29(All figures magnified x 1400 unless otherwise mentioned)
Figs. 1a, b. Cranwellia striata (CouPER) SRIVASTAVA
Figs. 1a, 1b, in different foci to show the exine ornamentation pattern; slide GK-V 4042.
Figs. 2a, b. Cranwellia cf. rumseyensis SRIVASTAVA
Figs. 2a, 2b, in dift:erent foci to show the exine ornamentation pattern; slide GK-V 4079.
Figs. 3, 4a-c. Orbiculapollis globosus CHLONOV A
Fig. 3, x833; figs. 4a-c, in different foci. Slide GK-V 3212.
Fig. 5. Proteacidites thalmanni ANDERSON
Slide GK-V 4065.
Figs. 6a, b. ? Sporopollis sp.
Slide GK-V 4051.

TAKAHASHI:

Upper C1·etacem~s Palynomorphs

Plate 293

5.. -:;.

..
..
A

.'

· · ~·.

···~
~--·
.-

;.o

6a

.....

.

~

'

.. . ....

6b

566.

Upper Cretaceous Palynomorphs

Genus }vfancicorpus. MTCHEDLISHVILI
emend. SRIVASTAVA, 1968
Type species: Mancicorpus anchorijorme
MTCHEDLISHVILI, in SAMOILOVICH& MTCHEDLISHVILIMancicorpus sp.
· Pl. 30, figs. 4a, b.

Heteropolar pollen. Three wing-likeequatorial projections and one polar
projection developed on the distal (?)
pole; a very small projection present•On the other pole. The developed polar
projection relatively long, the apicalregion somewhat conical, the polar area
·Of smaller polar projection round.
Equatorial projections well developed,
long, meridional, broader at the basethan at the apex; apices of equatorial
projections truncate. Tricolpate, colpi
meridional across the apices of eq uatorial projections. Sexine smooth, baculate; bacula distributed sporadically on
the apical areas of equatorial projections.
Polar axis 32ft; equatorial axis 13ft;
distance from the center of polar axis
to the tips of equatorial projections
about 28ft; breadth of apical region ofequatorial projections 12.5ft.
Occurrence: Dark gray shale fromthe boring No. SK 1, 1007.0 m in depth,
at Nishibetsu, eastern Hokkaido; Upper
Cretaceous-Maastrichtian?
Remarks: The author has found only<>ne specimen of Mancicorpus pollen
grain, which he cannot assign to a
species.
References
ANDERSON, R. Y. (1960) : Cretaceous-Tertiary palynology, eastern side of the San
Juan basin, New Mexico. New Mexico

273

Bureau. of Mines and Min. Res. Mem.,6, (Catalog fossil spores and pollen, vol.
23).
BANER,JEE, D. and MISRA, C. M. (1968) :Cretaceous microftora from south India.
Seminar volume on "Cretaceous- TertiaryFormations of So.uth India" Mem., 2,99-104.
BELSKY, C. Y., BOLTENHAGEN, E. and POTO·
NIE, R. (1965) : Sporae dispersae deroberen Kreide yon Gabun, ii.quatoriales
Afrika,. Paliio,nt. Z., 39, 1j2, 72-83.
EPAT4EBA, r.M. (1965): nbiJibl.\a u cnopbi
MaacTpnxTcKnx 0TJIO)KeHnii .LJ:aJibHero
BoCTOKa. Tpy reoJI. llHCT. AKa,l(. HayK.
CCCP. 129, 1-42, Ta6. 1-42.
BRATZEVA, G. M. (1967): The problem of
the Tsagaiansk flora with regard tospore- and -pollen analytical data. Rev.
Palaeobotan. Palynol, 2, 119-126.
CoUPER, R. A. (1953) : Upper Mesozoic andCainozoic spores and pollen grains fromNew Zealand. New Zealand Geol. Surv.
Paleont. Bull., 22, 1-77.
DRCGG, W. S. (1967) : Palynology of theUpper Moreno Formation (late Cretaceous-Paleocene) Escarpado Canyon, California. Palaeontographica, B, 120, 1-71.
FuNKHOUSER, ]. W. (1961) : Pollen of thegenus Aquilapollenites.
Micropaleontology, 7, 2, 193-198, pls. 1-2.
MARTIN, A. R. H. (1968) : Aquilapollenites
in the British Isles. Palaeontology, ll,
4, 549-553, pl. 106.
MuLLER, Jan (1968) : Palynology . of thePedawan and Plateau Sandstone Formations (Cretaceous-Eocene) in Sarawak,
Malaysia. Micropaleontology, 14, 1, 1-37.
NEWMAN, K. R. (1964) : Palynologic correlations of late Cretaceous and Paleocene
Formations, northwestern Colorado.
Palynology oil exploration-Soc. Econ.
Paleont. Miner. A Div.Amer. Assoc.
Petrol. Geol. Spec. Publ. ll, 169-180.
--· (1965) : Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene
guide palynomorphs from northwestern
Colorado. Univ. Colorado studies, Ser.
Earth Sci., 2, 1-21.
NoRTON, N.J. (1965) : Three new speciesof Aquilapollenites from the Hell Creek0274

Kiyoshi TAKAHASHI

Formation, Garfield county, Montana (1).
Pollen et spores, 7, 1., 135-143, pls. 1-4.
NoRTON, N. ]. and HALL, }. W. (1967): Guide
sporomorphae in the Upper CretaceousLower Tertiary of eastern Montana(U.S.A.). Rev. Palaeobotan. Palynol., 2,
99-110.
- ' - and - - (1969) : Palynology of theUpper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiaryin the type locality of the Hell Creek
Formation, Montana, U.S.A. Palaeontographica, B, 125, 1-64, pis. 1-8.
PFLUG, H. D. (1953) : Zur Entstehung und
Entwicklung des angiospermiden Pollens
in der Erdgeschichte. Palaeontographica,B, 95, 60-171, pls. 15-25.
PoTONIE, R. (1956-66) : Synopsis der Gattungen der Sporae dispersae. I. Beih.
zum Geol. ]ahrbuch, Heft 23 (1956) ; II.
Heft 31 (1958); Ill. Heft 39 (1960); IV.
Heft 72 (1966).
RousE, G. E. (1957) : The application of a
new nomenclatural approach to Upper
Cretaceous plant microfossils from western Canada. Canadian ]. Bot., 35, 349375, pis. 1-3.
CAMOI1JI06114, C. P. (edit.) (1961): DbiJII.\a H
Cnopbi . 3anaJI.HOfi Cn6npn, Tpy. Bcec.
He<PT· Hay .-11ccJie. · feoJioropa3. 11HcT.
(6Hnrpn). 6bmy. 177.
SAMOILOVICH, S. R. (1967) : Tentative botanico-geographical subdivision of northern
Asia in late Cretaceous time.
Rev.
Palaeobotan. Palynol., 2, 127-139.
SATO, S. (1961) : Pollen analysis of carbonaceous matter from the Hakobuchi
Group in the Enbet3u district, northern

Hokkaido, Japan. Palynological study
on Cretaceous sediments (I). ]. Fac.
Sci. Hokkaido Univ., Ser. 4, 11, 1, 77-93,
pls. 1-2.
SRIVASTAVA, S. K. (1966): Upper Cretaceous.
microfiora (Maastrichtian) from Scollard,.
Alberta, Canada. Pollen et spores, 8, 3,
497-552.
- - (1967) : Palynology of Late Cretaceous.
Mammal beds, Scollard, Alberta (Canada). Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimat., Palaeoecol., 3, 133-150.
- - (1968) : Angiosperm microfiora of theEdmonton Formation. Thesis Dr. Ph.
Univ. of Alberta.
- - (1968) : Reticulate species of Aquilapollenites and emendation of genus
Mancicorpus Mtchedlishvili. Pollen etspores, 10, 3, 665-699, pis. 1-7.
- - (1968) : Eight species of Mancicorpus
from the Edmonton Formation (Maast-·richtian), Alberta, Canada. Canadian ].
Bot., 46, 12, 1485-1490, pis. 1-2.
- - (1969) : New spinulose Aquilapollenites
spp. from the Edmonton Formation (Ma-·estrichtian), Alberta, Canada. Canadian]. Earth Sci., 6, 1, 133-144, pls. 1-8.
STANLEY, E. A. (1961) : The fossil pollen
genus Aquilapollenites. Pollen et spores,.
3, 2, 329-352, pis. 1-8.
- - (1965) : Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene plant microfossils and Paleocene
Dinoflagellates and Hystrichosphaerids.
from northwestern South Dakota. Bull.
Amer Paleont., 49, 222, 179-384.
- - (1967) : Cretaceous pollen and spore
assemblages from northern Alaska. Rev.

Explanation of Plate 30(All figures magnified x 1400)
Figs. la-c, 2a, b. Aquilapollenites parvus n. sp.
Figs, la-c: Holotype; slide GK-V 4050; figs. 2a, b: Para type; slide GK-V 4057.
Figs. 3a, 1;>. Aquilapollenites cf. mirabilis SRIVASTAVA
Figs. 3a, 3b, in different foci; slide GK- V 4066.
Figs. 4a, b. Mancicorpus sp.
Figs. 4a, 4b, in different foci; slide GK-V 4063.

TAKAHASHI:

Uppe1· Cretaceous Palynomorphs

Plate 30

lc

lb

2a
2b

e.t•· ,
4a

4b

566.

Palaeobotan. Palynol., 1, 229-234.
TABBERT, R. L. (1966) : Upper Cretaceouspollen and spores from the Ivishak RiverCountry, Arctic Alaska. Abst. 2nd Intern.
Conf. Palynol., Utrecht.
TAKAHASHI, Kiyoshi (1964) : Sporen undPollen der oberkretazeischen Hakobuchi·
Schichtengruppe, Hokkaido. Mem. Fac.
Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser. D, 14, 3, 159271, pis. 23-44.
- - (1965) : Mikrofossilien der Oberkreide
von Nishibetsu, Hokkaido. (in Japanesewith German abstract). Bull. Fac. Lib.
Arts, Nagasaki Univ., Natural Sci., 5,
7-20, pis. 1-2.
- - (1965) : Spore and pollen assemblagesof the Upper Cretaceous Hakobuchi Groupin Hokkaido, Japan. The Palaeobotanist,
13, 1, 82-84.
- - (1967): Upper Cretaceous and Lower
Paleogene microfloras of Japan. Rev.
Palaeobotan. Palynol., 5, 227-234.
- - (1967) : Pollen- und Sporenfloren der

Habobuchi

i?J9

~J

275

Upper Cretaceous Palynomorphs

Oberkreide und des U nterpalaogens inder Provinz Aquilapollenites und ihre
stratigraphische Untersuchung. (in Japanese with German abstract).
jubileePubl. Comm. Prof. Sasa, Dr. Sci., Sixtieth
Birthday. 303-315.
XJIOHOBA, A.<!>. (1960) : BH.llOBOH CocTas
DhiJih'lbi H cnop a OT JIO)KeHHl!X BepxHero
MeJia 4yJihiMO·EHwceiicKoii Bna.llHHhi· Tpy.
Y!HcT." feoJior. H feocf>H3- AKa.ll. MayK
CCCP, Cw6wp. 0T.lleJI. Bbm. 3, 1-104, pis.
1-10.
- - (1961) : Cnopbi H DhiJib'!a BepxHeii
DoJIOBHHbi BepxHero MeJia BocTO'IHOii
4acm 3arra.llHO·Cw6wpcKoi'l Hfi3MeHHOCTH·
Tpy. YIHCT. feoJior. H reocf>H3· AKa,ll.
HayK, CCCP, Cw6wp. 0Tae. Bb!rr. 7, 1138, pis. 1-17.
3AKJIY!HCKA5L E.A. (1963) : DbiJib'!a DoKpbi·
ToceMl!HHbiX H ee 3Ha'!eHwe .UJIH o6ocHO·
aaHHll CTpaTHrpacf>HH BepxHero MeJia H
DaJieopeHa. Tpy. feoJior. Y!HCT. AKa)(.
HayK, CCCP. Bblll· 74, 1-256, pis. 1-44.

Nishibetsu

i§

J.PJ

Oyubari::k6'~ftTrans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 77, pp. 276-289, pl. 31, June 10, 1970

567.

FOSSIL MOLLUSCS FROM TESHIMA, SHODO-GUN,
KAGAWA PREFECTURE, SOUTHWEST JAPANMINORU SAITOLaboratory of Engineering Geology, Faculty of Agriculture,
Kagawa University

YUJI BANDO
Geological Laboratory, Faculty of Education, Kagawa University

andHIROSHI NODA
Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Science,
Tohoku University

illif.M E:;fl:11\'JII}'i!;;J,11JiB:Q~fffJ=.!.ft:fiiC-::>v''"C:-ut1nJIJJ:l!IJ:~~fffJ=J.ft:fi~~~~JM"L.t:fi1lJ:,

11\'JlltlfH,:i'L/iHI.±IIIJ:Q~Ic ~~i"":Q$~1i'~rrm 4 ~~lj.=-&.L"!. 9m. ~.L"'. 10 l!I!~~JJUL.

t:. t. O):Q~ J=J.ft:fimv'i~li:P l*l!i!!.:h.iltlcj"<)v' '"C $f!i'ii!:O)J5ti!!.lll!, !ll!.~~O)w~a,ij 1c£~t.l: b O)""C:<b :Q • .L"f.ft:fiiC~-:5 &-:!W:~J\ifO)!If!.'f!ill$f'i:~Yc5E L. Arcid-Potamid fauna J:: t:J i'if!i' L. <, "9; t::a~J=J.ft:fimv'i $f!i'ii!:1JJWJI:.j<)IJ":Q $00 • P-BOOti!!.jjO)mMa"l~.H9. rt~~O) !ll!.'E!i$ri'9'W1lt~!JWJ~ :Q b 0) c L. '"C~~i.l;~"'·
i\1 l'~. ;ocr6 w. !Iff m ra w.

*

Introduction

Since SATO (1932) discovered and reported the occurrence of marine shellsof Pectunculus sp., Area sp., Tapes sp.
and Y oidia sp. ·from Teshima Island,
Tonosho-cho, ShOdo-gun, Kagawa Prefecture, there was no record of molluscan fossils from the Island. Recently,
SAITO (1962), SAITO et al. (1962) andFURUICHI et al. (1969) recorded some
Miocene marine molluscan fossils fromthe islands of ShOdo-shima and Teshima

both of which are located the northsideof Shikoku, an area from where no
Miocene marine sediments had been
known to be distributed. The occurrence of mollusca of Miocene age fromthe islands in the Setouchi Sea is considered to be important for interpretation of the history of the paleo-Setouchi(Setonai-Kai).

Acknowledgements

The present writers wish to express

Received Dec. 18, 1969; read Nov. 29, 1969.

276

567.

Miocene Mollusca from Teshima

their hearty thanks to Professor Kotara
HATAI of the Institute of Geology andPaleontology, Faculty of Science, Tohoku
University for his continuous encouragement. Acknowledgements are also due
to Associate Professor Tamio KOTAKA
of the Tohoku University for his kindsuggestions on the molluscan taxonomy
and biostratigraphy and to Mr. Mitsunobu FURUICHI of the Kagawa University for donating to the writers themolluscan fossils. which he collectedfrom Teshima Island. For photographic
work, thanks are due to Mr. Kimiji
KUMAGAI of the Tohoku University.

277

Stratigraphic Occurrence of theTeshima Fauna

The Teshima fauna as it may becalled comprises 9 species of Pelecypoda
and 10 species of Gastropoda as shownin Table 1, among which 11 species including 4 new species were determinedto specific level. The Teshima fauna
listed in Table 1 is from the Teshima
Formation of yellowish gray tuffaceouscoarse grained arkosic sandstone. Thisfossiliferous stratigraphic unit is shown
below according to the classification of
FURUICHI et a!. (1969).

Alluvial deposits ...... Unconsolidated sand, gravel, clay
· ·: · · · · · Unconformity · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ..
Terrace deposits ...... Gravel, sand, clay
· · · · · · · · Unconformity ............... .
Upper .... Sanukitic andesite
Pliocene { Sanuki group
Lower .... Black brecciated tuff, Fagus sp., Liquidambar sp.
· ...... · Unconformity · .............. .
Karato Formation ...... Dark green tuffaceous siltstone, fine to medium±20m.
grained sandstone, Turritella sp.
· · · . · · · · Conformity ................. .
Ieura Formation ...... Whitish gray medium grained sandstone, granular±30m.
sandstone, conglomerate, Gastropoda gen. et sp.
indet.
Miocene· · · ·. · ·. Conformity ................. .
Teshima Formation .... Dark yellowish gray tuffaceous medium to coarse
20-80 m.
grained sandstone, Teshima Fauna
Medium to coarse grained sandstone, siltstone,
Cinnamomum lanceolatum, Metasequoia sp.
Cobble to boulder conglomerate·- · · · · · · Unconformity · · ... · ......... .
Cretaceous Basement : Granitic Rocks
Holocene {The Teshima Formation lies upon the
Cretaceous biotite-granodiorite with unconformity and commences with basal
conglomerate. It is distributed mainlyin the central part of Teshima Island
surrounding Mt. Dan (339.8 m above sea
level). The formation is composed- mainly of yellowish gray, medium to coarse
grained sandstone, siltstone and conglomerate in the order from the upper tolower and is covered by the Ieura Formation with conformity. The molluscan
fossils from above the coarse grainedsandstone mentioned above occurred ina crowded assemblage. Some of thefossils still retain the original shell materials, whereas many occurred as molds
or casts. ·The valves are mostly isolated
ones and those with intact valves are
rare.

278

Minon~ SAITO,

Yuji RANDO and Hiroshi NODA

Table 1. Fossi)s from the Teshjma
Formation, Teshima Is land.

Sa cce lla sp ., fe w
Glycymeris sp., common
Llf.cinoma sp., rare
V enericardia (Cy clocardi a) siogam ensis No lVIURA, common
Cardita niinoensis ITO IGAWA, r are
Va sti cardium t es himaense SAITO , B ANDO andN oDA, n . s p., fe w
Va sticardium sp ., fe w
Gomphi na sp., fe w
Tap es nagahamaensis SAITO, BAN DO and No DA, n . sp., abundant
A stra ea furui chii SAITO, BAN DO and No DA,
n . sp., rare
Turri te lla s p., fe w
Epitonium sp . 1, rare
Epi tonium s p . 2, rare
Calyp tra ea hataii SAIT O, B ANDO a nd NooA,n . s p., rare
Calyp traea s p., rare
Crepidula i simotoi OT UKA, few
Eu spira meisensis (M AKI YAMA), rareMusashia cf . yanagidaniensis (A RA KI), rare
T erebra sp ., rare

The fossil localities and the distribution of the formation are shown in thegeological map (Fig. 1). The fossils described in the present article are preserved in the collection of the Instituteof Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of
Science, Tohoku Univ ersity (abbreviated
IGPS coli. cat. no.).

Geological age of the Teshima Fauna
Based upon the fossil marine molluscs
listed in Table 1, the geological age of
the Teshima Formation may be consid!'!rep to be early Middle Miocene. The
following species are considered to beimportant for determination of the geological age.
V enericardia (Cyclocardia) siogamensfs
NOMURf\, first described from the Miq,
cene Ajiri Formation in Miyagi Pr~fec:

ture in 1935, is known to occur fr.om
the foltowing formations; Suenomatsuyama Formation (CHINZEI, 1958, pl. 7,
fig . 3), Shimonagaya sandstone and Kusakizawa alternation (MIZUNO, 1965, p.
431, pl. 1, fig. 12), both in Iwate Prefecture; Miocene sandstone of Tajima in
Okayama Prefecture (OTUKA, 1941, p.
23, text-figs. 2-3) ; Manzaemonyama Formation (KOTAKA and NODA, 1967, pl. 2,
fig. 9), Fukaura Formation (MIZUNO,
1964, p. 612, pl. 1, fig. 14), both in Aomori Prefecture; Honya Formation (KAMADA, 1962, p. 85-86, pl. 7, fig. 23, pl. 8,
figs. la - lb), Nakayama Formation (KA MADA, 1962, p. 85-86), Kokozura Formation (KAMAD A, 1962, p. 85-86, pl. 7, figs.
lOa - lOb, 12- 19), N umanouchi Formation(KAMADA, 1962, p. 85-86, pl. 7, figs. 20,22) all in Fukushima Prefecture ; Taira
Member of the Kanagase Formation in
Miyagi Prefecture (MASUDA and TAKEZAWA, 1965, pl. 1, fig. 14) ; Kaisekizan
Formation in Mie Prefecture (ARAKI,
1960, p. 88-89, pl. 6, figs. 5-6).
Cardita mino en sis ITOIGA w A (1960) is
known only from the type locality of
Shukunohora Sandstone of the Oidawara
Formation in Gifu Prefecture, an unit
which is characterized by the GlycymerisMiogypsina assemblage according to ITOlGAWA (1960).
Crepidula isimotoi OTUKA (1934) has
been recorded from the Kadonosawa
Formation in Iwate Prefecture, Isomatsu
Formation in Aomori Prefecture (IWAI,
1969) and Tomikusa Group in Nagano
Prefecture (TAN AKA, 1967): The Kadonosawa Formation has yielded Anadaraninohensis (0TUKA), Jj.nadara ogawa f(MAKIYAMA), Ostrea gravitesfa YOJWYAMA, ChlamY,_s nisqtaiensis OTUKA, felanf ~ lla ferruginata (MA.KIY AMA.), Dosiniq
nomt~rai OTUKA, Batillaria yamanarij
M4KIY AMA., N assarius si1niz71i OT~~A­~tc . The ls!)mats!l formatiqn wa§ first567.

Miocene Mollusca jTom Teshima

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280

Minoru SAITO, Yuji BANDO and Hiroshi NODA

considered to be Oligocene by KoT AKA(1955).
Modiolus tugaruana KOTAKA,
Nanaochlamys notoensis (YOKOYAMA),
Pi tar itoi (MAKIY AMA), Felaniella ferruginata (MAKIY AMA), Nipponomarcia
nakamurai (IKEBE), Siratoria siratoriensis(OTUKA), Batillaria tateiwai MAKIYAMA,
Vicaryella tyosenica otukai (NOMURA)
etc. were recorded from the Isomatsu
Formation by MIZUNO (1965).
Euspira meisensis (MAKIY AMA) originally from the Heiroku Formation in
Korea, occurs from the Kadonosawa
Formation in Iwate Prefecture, Shobara
Formation in Hiroshima Prefecture, Kaisekizan Formation in Mie Prefecture,
Honya Formation in Fukushima Prefecture, Higashi-Innai Formation in Ishikawa Prefecture, Kurosedani Formationin Toyama Prefecture, Tanozawa Formation in Aomori Prefecture and Nukuta
Formation in Nagano Prefecture.
Musashia yanagidaniensis (ARAKI, 1959)
according to SHIKAMA (1967) is distributed in the type area of the Kaisekizan
Formation in Mie Prefecture.
Among the indetermined species shownin Table 1, the under-mentioned ones
are of considerable chronostratigraphic
value.
Saccella sp. (pl. 31, fig. 8) resembles
Saccella nidatoriensis (OTUKA, 1934) fromthe Kadonosawa Formation in Iwate Prefecture. Turritella sp. (pl. 31, figs. 12-13)
is allied to Turritella oyasio IDA (1952)
from the Kurosedani Formation· in Toyama Prefecture. Epitonium sp. 1 (pl.
31, fig. 14) is close to Epitonium yabei
NOMURA (1936) from the Kurosawa Formation in Iwate Prefecture.
From the data mentioned above, themarine fauna of the Teshima Formationis considered to be early Middle Miocene
in geological age and can be correlatedwith the Kaisekizan Formation, and the
Shobara Formation of the Bihoku Groupin the Kinki and Chugoku areas respectively. Moreover, as stated by SAITO(1962) the formation based upon its
stratigraphic position and marine molluscan fauna can be correlated with the
Fujiwara Group in the Nara basin andwith the Tsuzuki Group in the Kyoto
basin. In broad sense, the Teshima faunacorresponds to that of Nishikurosawa inNorthern japan. The Teshima fauna isvery similar to and can be correlatedwith those found in the, Shikai Formation of the Tonosho Group developed in
Sh6do-shima Jsland. The Shikai fauna
is characterized by Glycymeris cf. crassa
KURODA, Cardium sp., Callista sp., Siratoria sp., Turritella oyasio IDA, Calyptraeasp., Euspira meisensis (MAKIY AMA) andNassarius sp. according to SAITO (1962).
In addition to the data above stated,
it may be mentioned that characteristic
plant fossils as Cinnamomum lanceolatum
HEER, Metasequoia sp. and Quercus sp.
occurred from the lower part of theTeshima Formation. The first mentioned
species is an important element and acommon Early Miocene species of the
Utto Flora (HUZIOKA, 1963a, 1963b) in
Northern Honshu, japan. This florabearing formation is succeeded upwards
by the Nishikurosawa marine fauna,
which corresponds as already stated, to
the Teshima fauna.

Geological Significance of Occurrenceof Miocene Teshima Fauna
from Teshima
As already discussed by KASAMA andFUJITA (1957) and the Cenozoic ResearchGroup of Southwest japan (1960), Southwest japan can be classified into four
provinces, each of which have their own
characteristic back -ground in the historical development of their respective

567.

Miocene Mollusca from Teshima

sedimentary basins, geological structures, volcanic activities, and paleontological evidences (T AI, 1959). Basedupon the Teshima fauna, the characteristics of the biostratigraphy and historical geology of the paleo-Setouchi
province can be described as mentioned
below.
With the opening of the Miocene age,
many areas of Chugoku and Shikoku
were submerged and the major marinetransgression brought in an Asiatic
fauna characterized by the ArcidPotamid fauna (TSUDA, 1965). Thisfauna is characterized by Vicarya japonica YABE and HATAI, Vicaryella notoensis MASUDA, Batillaria yamanarii MAKIY AMA, Anadara kakehataensis HAT AI
and NISIY AMA, Anadara kurosedaniensis
HAT AI and NISIYAMA, Stria rca uetsukiensis HAT AI and NISIY AMA, Ostrea gravitesta YOKOYAMA and other brackish
water dwellers of subtropical regions.
These elements distributed to the innerbasins such as to the Yoshino Formationin the Tsuyama basin (KAWAI, 1957),
Shobara Formation in the Saijo area
(YOKOYAMA, 1929) and sporadically to
the Lower Bihoku Group in the Miyoshi
and Iigoshi basin (IMAMURA, 1966) taken
together are included into the Miyoshianstage by T AI (1959).
The Arcid-Potamid fauna (TSUDA,
1965) generally occupies a stratigraphic
horizon lower than the Operculina-Miogypsina fauna or Pectinid fauna (TSUDA,
1965) of the Setouchi province (KASAMA
and HUZITA, 1957; TAI, 1959).
As described in the earlier lines, theTeshima fauna is not represented by
the elements of the Arcid-Potamid fauna(TSUDA, 1965) and Vicarya-Tateiwaia
fauna (KOTAKA, 1958) but is characterized by Glycymeris, V asticardium,
Gomphina, Turritella, Calyptraea andCrepidula.
As stated by ITOIGA WA

281(1969), the molluscan assemblage in the
Setouchi areas differs in specific components according to the paleo-environmental condition. Considering from thesedimentary facies that yielded the Teshima fauna, the unconformity between
the Teshima Formation and the preTertiary granite may serve to explain
the absence of and actually represent
the horizon of the Arcid-Potamid faunaor the Comptoniphyllum-Liquidambar flora
both of which are widely recognized in
the Sanin-Hokuriku regions but not in
the Setouchi or Nanki regions. This
may suggest that the Miyoshian stageof the Setouchi and Nanki provinces isrepresented by an unconformity in thisarea and points to upheaval of the Cretaceous granitic area. On the contrary,
the Sanin-Hokuriku province was subjected to submergence as may be judged
from the sediments and fossils that accumulated on the borderland of theJapan Sea (KATO, 1969; OKAMOTO, 1965).
The view just stated is supported
from the absence of the stratigraphic
succession of marine sediments with representative molluscan fossils of theJapan Sea borderland in Setouchi-Kinki
province.
From the evidence at hand it is inferred that the Teshima fauna lived on asea bottom of clear water and was fed
with rather rapid deposition of coarse
grained sand transported from the area ofactive erosion of the Eocene Kuma Group
and/or Cretaceous Izumi sandstone andgranitic rocks forming the hinterland in
Ehime and Kagawa Prefectures (SAITO,
1962). The provenance of the Miocene
sea distributed in Tanabe, Sh6do-shima,a part of Hiroshima (KUSUMI and KATAYAMA, 1962) and Okayama (T AI, 1965 ;IMAMURA, 1966) was the uplifted area
just mentioned. The shallow areas of
the warm sea was favourable to the282

Mino?"u SAITO,

Y~~J·iB ANDO and Hi1·oshi N ODA

flourishing of Miogypsina-Operculina,
Pectinid fauna arid other sessile forms.and open sea dwellers. This particular
stage is younger than the Arcid-Potamid
faunal stage which is represented bywarm, tropical and brackish water dwellers. The different crustal movementsthat influenced the separated sedimen·
tary basins in the region referred toseem to have been responsible also forthe development of the different pa leo·
zoological provinces stated above.

elusion that it represents an undescribed
species: This species is described below.
Shell rather medium in size, elliptically elongated in form, longer than high.
Anterior side shorter than posterior,both dorsal margins straight. Anterodorsal margin narrowly rounded at end,
posterior margin narrowly acute andventral margin broadly rounded. Shellsurface sculptured with narrow, slightly
elevated, fine radial ribs and interstitialstriations crossing concentric growthlines. Beak small, pointed anteriorly.

Description

Length 26 .8, Heig ht 16 .6 (in mm), Holotype
Length 24.6, Height 14.6 (in mm)
Leng th 34 .0, Height 18.0 ( in mm )Famil y Veneridae RAFINESQUE, 1815
Subfamil y Tapesinae H. and
A. ADAMS, 1887

Genus T apes MEGERLE, 1811
Tap es nagahamaensis SAITO, BANDOand NODA, n. sp.
Pl. 31, fig s. 1- 4, 22

Sira toria sp . (nov .?) , SAITO, 1962, Mem. Fa c.
Agr. K agawa Univ ., no . 10, pl. 14, figs .
7-11.
Ho lotype : IGPS col!. cat. no. 78707, Siratoria sp . of SAITO, 1962, pl. 14, fig. 7.
.Paratype: Siratoria sp. of SAITO, 1962, pl.
14, fi gs. 8- 11.

The present species was from the Mio·cene Shikai Formation and was firstillustrated by SAITO (1962) under thename of Siratoria sp. without description.
Specimens identified with the
Siratoria sp. of SAITO (1962) cited above
were collected from the Teshima Formation in Teshima. A fter re-examination of the specimens of Siratoria sp.
-of SAITO (1962) preser ved in the co!H~c­tion of the Institute of Geology andPaleontology, Faculty of Science, Tohoku
University, the writers came to the con-Comparison : The present new species
resembles TajJ es (Amygdala) miyamuraensis lTOIGAWA (1956) from the Miyamura Sandstone of the Tsuzuki Group,
Kyoto Prefecture in the dense radialstriations on the external surface but
differs from the former by the convex
dorsal margins and wide anterior andposterior borders. Sir atoria sira toriensis(OTUKA, 1934) frequentl y recorded fromthe Early Miocene sediments of Japandiffers from the present new species in
hav ing hig h ova tely trigonal f orm anddistinct banded growth lines .
Locality : Locality no. 1.
Formation: Teshima Formation.
Depositor y: IGPS coil. cat. no. 86743.
Famil y Carditidae FLEMING, 1820
Genus Cardita BRUGUIERE, 1792
Cardita minoensis lTOIGAWA, 1960
Pl. 31, fig. 9

Cardita 1ninoensis lTOIGAWA, 1960, jour .
Earth Sci ., Nagoya Univ., vol. 8, no. 2,
p. 267-268, pl. 1, figs. 9- 10.

An imperfect specimen was ex amined.

567.

Miocene Mollusca from Teshima

The species was origi nall y describedfrom the Shukunohora Sandstone Member of the Oidawara Formation in Gifu
Prefecture by ITOIGAWA (1960). According to ITOIGAWA (1960), the ex t ernalsurface is scu lptured with 17-18 strong
radia l ribs. The present specimen ischaracterized by its larger shell (Length
about 30 mm, Height abo ut 18 mm) co mpared with the origina l description a nds trong ly elevated, fiat-to pped radial ribs
(exa ct number unknown beca use of a nterior end being slightl y broken but 15
wer e counted) being wider than its
inters paces.
Lo cality: Locality no . 1.
Formation: Teshima Formation.
Depository: IGPS coli. cat. no. 86744.

Famil y Cardi idae LAMARCK, 1809
S ubfamil y Ca rdiinae LAMARCK, 1809283

1938) from the Shobara Formation in
Oka ya ma Prefecture in shell form a nd
shape of radial ribs but differs in havi ng
more rad ial ribs. Vasticardium arenicoloides AKUTSU (1964) from the Ka nomata zawa Formation in Tochigi Prefecture is similar to the present species in
number of radial ribs but the f ormer
is characterized by the hig her shellform an d more fiat-topped radial ribs
compared with the present species.
Among the Tertiary species of V ashcardium recorded in Japan Vasticardium
ogurai (OT UKA, 1938), Vast. tochigiensis
HIRA YAJVIA (1954), Vast. shimoto!zuraensis
AKUSTU (1964), Vast. arenicoloides AKU TSU (1964) and Vast. hyuganum SHUTO(1960) are distributed in the area southof ce ntral j apan and range from Early
Miocene to Middl e Miocene in age.
Locality: Locality no. 1.
Formation : Teshima Formation .
Depository: IGPS coli. cat. no. 86745.

Genus Vasticardium IREDALE, 1927
Fami ly Turbinidae R AFINESQUE, 1815

Vasticardium teshimaense SAITO,BANDO and NODA, n. sp.

Subfami ly As traeinae DAV IES, 1933

P l. 31, figs . 5- 7

Genus Asl1"aea RborNG, 1798

Shell rather small in size, swollen,o va tely -roundecl in form , longer thanhigh. Anterior and posterior dorsal
margins nearly straight, ventra l margin
well rounded. Shell surface sculptured
w it h about 30 narrowly elevated radialribs. Beaks small, pointed, in-curved,
directed forward, nea rl y touching eachother and si tua ted anteriorly.
Length: 22.4 (in mm), H eight : 19.1 (in mm),Holotype, left
Length: 25 .8 (in mm), Hei g ht 20 .6 (in mm)

R emarks : The pres e nt specimen
without the original shell mate ri al resembles Vasticardium ogurai (OTUKA,

Astraea fur uichii SA ITO, BANDOand NODA , n. sp.
Pl. 31, fig. 10

Shell moderate in size, of t rochoid
form , post nuclear-conch of 6 who rls
sculptured with small tubercles in three
spiral rows at regular inter vals paralleling w ith d istinct sutures. Uppe rmost
spiral tubercul ar row weaker tha n others.
Tubercl es of lower two rows equal toone another in numbers, shape, and size.
Tubercles abo ut 20 to 22 in a ro w on
bod y w horl. Base flat and sharpl yangular at side of body whorl. Apicalangle about 70 •.

284

Minoru SAITO, Yuji BANDO and Hiroshi NODA

Height 23 mm (nuclear whorl missing andslightly deformed)
Width 26.0 mm (Holotype)

Remarks: The present new species isnamed after Mr. Mitsunobu FURUICHI
of the Kagawa University in recognitionof his studies on the biostratigraphy
and tectonic geology of Teshima andSh6do-shima islands.
Comparison: The present new species
resembles the Recent species Astraea
tayloriana SMITH in its shell form but
the latter has smaller and more tubercular structures on the external surface.
Astraea gradata GRANT and GALE (1931)
from the Pliocene of Los Angeles, California resembles the present species in
its form and sculpture but has rather
stronger tubercles in the spiral rows
compared with the present species. Another allied species is Astraea sp. of
HIRAYAMA (1967) from the Miocene
Arakawa Group in Tochigi Prefecture.
Unfortunately it is deformed but it
resembles the present species in having
similar tubercular rows. Turcica osawanoensis TSUDA (1959) resembles thepresent species in the external tubercular rows but differs distinctly mhaving swollen body base.
Locality: Locality no. 1.
Formation: Teshima Formation.
Depository: IGPS coli. cat. no. 86747(Holotype).

Family Calyptreidae LAMARCK, 1799
Genus Calyptraea LAMARCK, 1799
Calyptraea hataii SAITO, BANDOand NODA, n. sp.
Pl. 31, figs. 15-16

Shell rather small in size, conical inform, ovately rounded in apertural view.

A small half volution largely incurved
and situated anteriorly and succeeding
body whorl swollen, abruptly increasing
in size and width. Apex situated anteriorly about at one fourth of shelllength. External surface unknown but
inner surface rather smooth.
Length : 10.8 mm, Height: 5.0 mm,
Width: 8.6 mm (Holotype).

Comparison and Remarks: The present new species is characterized by
the position of the apex and aperturalform. Calyptraea tokunagai HATAI andNISIYAMA (1952) and Calyptraea aokii
HIRAYAMA (1955) both from the Asagai
Formation of the Joban Coal-field, differ
from the present new species in theshell form and anterior inclination of
the apex.
Locality : Locality no. 1.
Formation: Teshima Formation.
Depository: IGPS coli. cat. no. 86748(Holotype).
Calyptraea sp.
Pl. 31, figs. 17-18

Several specimens were examined. The
specimens are characterized by theirhigh, subcircular, swollen conical form.
They lack their original shell materials.
Calyptraea yokoyamai KURODA (1929) differs from the present species in the
subcircular convex shell and high shellform. Calyptraea tokunagai HAT AI andNISIYAMA (1952) from the Asagai Formation differs from the present species
in having slender conical form and in
the apex being pointed at the central
part of shell.
This may be a new form but the stateof preservation of the shell does not
permit determination.
Locality: Locality no. 1.

567.

Mioc en e Mollusca frorn Teshima

Formation : Teshima Formation.
Depository: IGPS coli. cat. no. 86749.
Genus Crepidula LAMARCK, 1799
Crepidul a isimotoi OTUKA, 1934
Pl. 31, fig s . 19- 21, 23
Cre pi dula i simot oi 0T UKA, 1934, Bull. Earthq .
R es ., In st ., vol. 12, pt . 3, p. 626, pl. 48,
fig s.· 56-61.

A few specimens are at hand. Though
the specimens a ll lack the original shellmaterials, the characteristics such as
ovately elongated body whorl and small
incurved coiled beak serve to refer themto the original description of OTUKA(1934), whose specimens are from theKadonosawa Formation in Iwate Prefecture. Among the recorded Tertiary
species of Crepidula in Japan, Crepidula
jimboa na YOKOYAMA recorded by NOMURA and HATAI (1936) from the Miocene Tanagura Formation resembles thepresent species in apical view but differs from the latter in having morerounded and wider apertural view. Crepidula nidatoriensis OTUKA (1934) is another species allied to the present one
but differs in having narrow apert uralview and gradually increases in width
posteriorly.
Locality: Locality no. 1.
Formation: Teshima Formation.
Depository : IGPS coli. cat. no. 86750.
Fami ly Naticidae Lr NAEUS, 1758
Genus Eu spim AGASSIZ in SOWERBY, 1859
Eu spim meisensis (MAKIYAMA, 1926)
Polinices ( E uspira) meisensis M A K I Y A :VIA ,1926, Coli . Sci ., K yoto Imp. Univ ., Ser .
B, vol. 2, no. 3, p. 150- 151, pl. 12, fi g . 7.
? Poli ni ces ( Eu spira) me ise nsi s M A KI YAMA,

285

0 TUKA , 1934, Bull. Ea rthq . R es . In st .,v ol. 12, pt. 3, p. 627, pl. 49, fig s . 76- 77.
N atic a (Eusp ira) aff. meise nsis (M A KI YAMA),
0T U K A , 1938, jour. Fa c. Sc i ., Imp. Univ .
T okyo, S ec. 2 , vol. 5, pt. 2, p . 37, pl. 3,
figs. 25, 28.
Eu spira meisens i s ( M A KI YA M A ), SHrr< AMA ,1954, Sc i. R ep., Yokohama Nat . Uni v .,S ec, 2, no . 3, pl. 7, fig s . 2- 3.
Eu spira mei se nsi s (M A KI Y AMA), AR A K I , 1960,
Bull. L ib. A rts, Dep. , Mi e Uni v ., Spe c.
Vol ., no. 1, p. 109- 110, pl. 9, fig s . 11- 14.
Eu spira meisensis ( M Ar< I YAMA) , S A ITO , 1962,
M em. Fa c. Agr., Ka g awa Uni v ., no. 1,
pl. 14, fig s . 23- 25.
Eu spira meise nsis ( M A KI YAMA) , K AMADA ,1962, Pala eont. Soc . japan , Sp ec . Papers,
no. 8, p. 158- 159, pl. 18, fig . 23.
Polini ces meise n s i s M A KI YAMA , M ASU D A ,1967, T rans . Proc. Pa laeont . So c. japa n,
N . S., no. 65 , pl. 1, fig s . 24a- b.

R emarlls: The present species has beenfrequently recorded from the Early Miocene age of Southwestern Japan and Korea. The species from the Kadonosawa
Formation (OTUKA, 1934) rather resembles
Euspira isensis ARAKI (1960) originallydescribed from the Miocene Kaisekizan
Formation in Mie Prefecture which ischaracterized by its well swollen bodywhorl. At present, the species from theKadonosawa Formation is left with question whether it is meisensis or isensis.
However, according to ARAKI (1960) Euspim isensis occurred in association with
Eu spim meisensis. Anyway, the two species cited abo ve shou ld be re-examined.
As alread y mentioned by ARAKI (1960),
E uspira and Polinices are often difficult
to distinguish from one another especiall y in the case of fossi ls because inmany cases, the preservation of the um bilical characters are not so good. Originall y MAKIYAMA (1926) stated that theumbilicus of the species is open moderately and elongate, and he illustrated
good specimens. These characters areMinoru SAITO, Y~~ji BANDO and Hiroshi NO DA

286

shown in a cross section of the species
from the Higashi-Innai Formation (MASUDA, 1967).

Locality: Locality no. 1.
Formation : Teshima Formation.
Depository : IGPS coil. cat. no. 86751.
Family Fulgoraridae P ILSBRY
and OLSSON, 1954
Subfamily Fulgorariinae PILSBRY
and OLSSON, 1954
Genus Musashia SHIKAMA, 1967

Musashia· cf. yanagidaniensis(ARAKI, 1959)
Pl. 31, fig. 11

Compared wit h:Fulgoraria hirasei yanagidaniensis AR AKI,
1959, Trans . Proc. Palaeont. Soc. j apan,
N. S., no . 36, p. 165, pl. 18, fig. 6.
Fulgoraria hirasei yanagidanie nsis ARAK I,
1960, Bull. Lib. Arts, Dep. Mie Univ.,
Spec. Vol., no. 1, p. 104- 105, pl. 8, fig. 5.
Musashia (Neopsephaea ?) y anagidaniensis(ARAKI), SI-II KAMA, 1967, Sci. R ep., Yo kohama Univ ., Sec . 2, no. 13, p. 115- 116,
pl. 13, figs. 5- 8, text-fig. 20 .

A n imperfect specimen was exa mined.
The specimen is characterized by thenarrowly elevated, 13-14 long itudinal
striae on the ex ternal body whorl an dthe ova tely rounded aperture. This
specimen is comparable w ith Fulgoraria
hirasei yanagidaniensis ARAKI (1959)
origi nall y described from the Miocene
Kaisekizan Formation in Mie Prefecture.
ARAKI's (1959) species was re-describedin detail by SHIKAMA (1967), w ho statedthat yanagidaniensis is characterized by"subsutural band absent and . suture
rather deep, axial ribs acute and 14 inpenultimate w horl. " The specimen at
hand is imperfect but the characters aspreserved agree with the descrip tion of
SHIKAMA (1967).
Locality : Locality no. 1.
Formation: Teshima Formation.
Depository: IGPS coil. cat. no. 86752.

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Miocene Moll~[sca f rom Teshima

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Minoru SAITO, Yuji BANDO and Hiroshi NODA

Higashi-Innai formation of Noto Peninsula, Japan, III. Trans. Proc. Palaeont.
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Shiogama, Northeast Honshu, Japan.
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Explanation of Plate 31
Figs. 1-4, 22. Tapes nagahamaensis SAITO, BAN DO and NoD A, n. sp., 1: plaster type, x 2,
Locality no. 1; 2: inner mold, x 1, Locality no. 1; 3: Holotype, x 1, Locality, Nagahama,Tonosh6-cho, Shodo-gun, Kagawa Prefecture, Shikai Formation, IGPS coli. cat. no. 78707;
4: plaster type, x 1, Locality no. 1; 22: inner mold, x 1, Locality no. 1; figs. 1-2, 4, 22
from Teshima Formation, IGPS coli. cat. no. 86743, p. 282.
Figs. 5-7. Vasticardium teshimaense SAITO, BANDO and NoD A, n. sp., 5: inner mold, x 2,
para type; 6: plaster type, x 2, 7: Holotype, x 2, all from Locality no. 1, Teshima Formation, IGPS coli. cat. no. 86745, p. 283.
Fig. 8. Saccella sp., x 1, Locality no. 1, Teshima Formation,. IGPS coli. cat. no. 86753.
Fig. 9. Cardita minoensis lTOIGAWA, plaster type, x 1, Loc;ality no. 1, Teshima Formation,
IGPS coli. cat. no. 86744, p. 282-283.
Fig. 10. Astraea furuichii SAITO, BANDO and NoDA, n. sp., plaster type, x 2, Holotype, Locality no. 1, Teshima Formation, IGPS coil. cat. no. 86747, p. 283-284.
Fig. 11. Musashia cf. yanagidaniensis (ARAKI), x 1, Locality no. 1, Teshima Formation, IGPS
coli. cat. no. 86752, p. 286.
Figs. 12-13. Turritella sp., 12: plaster type, x 2; 13: x 1, both from Locality no. 1, Teshima
Formation, IGPS coli. cat. no ..86754.
Fig. 14. Epitonium. sp. 1, plaster type, x 1, Locality no. 1, Teshima Formation, IGPS coli. cat.
no. 86754.
Figs. 15-16. Calyptraea hataii SArTo, BAN DO and NoD A, n. sp., Holotype, x 2, Teshima Formation, IGPS coli. cat. no. 86748, 15: apical view, 16: lateral view, p. 284.
Figs. 17-18. Calyptraea sp., x 1, Locality no. 1, Teshima Formation, IGPS coil. cat. no .. 8w756,
17: apical view, 18: lateral view, p. 284.
Figs. 19-21, 23. Crepidula isimotoi OTUK A, x 2, Locality no. 1, Teshima Formation, IGPS coil.
cat. no. 86750, p. 285.
Figs. 24-27. Venericardia (Cyclocardia) siogamensis NoMURA, 24-25: plaster type, x 2; 26-27:
inner molds, x 1, Locality no. 1, Teshima Formation, IGPS coli. cat. no. 86758.

. SAITO, BANDO and NODA:

16
20

17

K uMAGA I

21

photo.

Miocene Molluscs from Teshima

Plate 3 1

567.

Miocene Mollusca from Teshima

81-111, pl. 6, figs. 1-3, tabs. 1-2.
0TUKA, Y. (1934) : Tertiary structures of
the northwestern end of the Kitakami
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Explanatory text of the geological mapof Kagawa Prefecture, Scale 1: 100,000,(in Japanese). Naiba Chika-Kogyo, K.K.,
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BihokuDan zan
Ieura
Iigoshi
Kaisekizan
KaratoMiyoshi
Saijo
Sanuki

Yokohama Nat. Univ., Sec. 2, vol. 13, p.
23-132, pis. 1-17, figs. 1-26, tabs. 1-41.
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japan, N. S., no. 37, p. 209-222, pl. 25,
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cycle found out in Kojima bay, Okayama
Prefecture, west Japan, (in Japanese withEnglish abstract). Geol. Rep., Hiroshima
Univ., no. 14, Prof. S. Imamura Mem.
Vol., p. 13-24, figs. 1-11.
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265-395, pis. 37-43, fig. 1, tabs. 1-33.
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Fossils from the Tomikusa Group] (inJapanese), p. 21-100, pis. 1-15.
TsuDA, K. (1959) : New Miocene molluscs
from the Kurosedani formation in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. jour., Fac. Sci.,
Niigata Univ., Ser. 2, vol. 3, no. 2, p.
67-110, pis. 1-7.
- - (1965) : Neogene molluscan assemblages
in the inner zone of Northeast Japanwith special reference to the Middle
Miocene assemblages, (in Japanese). Fossils, no. 10, p. 20-23, tabs. 1-2, fig. 1.
YoKOYAMA, M. (1925): Molluscan remains
from the uppermost part of the Joban
coal-field. jour., Colt. Sci., Imp. Univ.
Tokyo, vol. 45, art 5, p. 1-34, pis. 1-6.
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Imp. Univ., Sec. 2, vol. 2, pt. 8, p. 363368, pl. 70.

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Transactions and Proceedings of the PalaeontologicalSociety of Japan

June 30, 1970

New Series No. 78

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
565.

Hu, Chung-Hung: The ontogenies of Ponumia obscura (LOCHMA N), N. G.,
and of Hou sia canadensis (WALCOTT) (Trilobita) from the upper Cambrianof the Big Horn Mountains, Wyoming .. .......................... . ... .. 253

566. TAKAHASHI, Kiyoshi: Some palynomorphs from the upper Cretaceous sediments of Hokkaido . . .... . .. .. ........ . ... . ........ . ......... . ... . .. ..... 265
567. SAITO, Minoru, BANDO, Yuji and NODA, Hiroshi: Fossil molluscs from Teshima, Shodo-gun, Kagawa Prefecture, Southwest japan . .... .... .. .. . .. 276