Paleontological Research 投稿案内 （2021年3月13日作成）
日本古生物学会の英文雑誌Paleontological Researchは， 世界各国の古生物学的研究より得られた知見の普及活動を通して，古生物学の発展に寄与するために設けられています．本誌は，以下の論文を出版しています．
論説（Article）：オリジナルな研究論文で，内容の主要な部分が学術論文としてほかに印刷発表されていないもの．24ページ以内．
総説（Review）：古生物学のある分野あるいは話題に関する現在までの研究成果を総括したもの．24ページ以内．
短報（Short note）：古生物のコミュニティーにとって有益な，新たな発見，データ，アイ
デア，実験手法に関する報告．要旨なし．4ページ以内．
投稿原稿は，査読者による審査と英文担当編集者による英文校閲者を受けます．
Paleontological Researchは，会員のみならず非会員からの投稿も受け付けています．
1. 版 権Paleontological Researchに掲載された論文の版権は日本古生物学会に属します．発表された図や表などのデータを使われる場合は，著者であるかどうかに関わらず，日本古生物学会事務局までその旨お伝え願います．
2. 電 子 投 稿
Paleontological Research は“ScholarOne Manuscripts”の電子投稿，査読システムを用いています．電子投稿サイトの URL は，“http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/pr”です．
電子投稿に関して質問等がありましたら,編集事務局宛にメールにてお問い合わせください．編集事務局メールアドレスは，“pr-admin@umin.net”です．

3. 全 体 の ス タ イ ル と 構 成・論文はイギリス英語でも米語でもかまいませんが，どちらかに統一したスタイルでお願いします．
・投稿前に，必ず英語を母国語とする研究者あるいは英文校閲会社による英文校閲を受けてください．

・原稿は A4 サイズ（210 × 297 mm）に，すべてダブルスペースで打ってください．通常１
ページに 20 行〜25 行程度になります．
・フォントはTimes New Romanをなるべく用いて下さい．
・長さや重さなどの単位はできる限り SI (Système International dʼUnités)に従ってください．
・学名（属名，種小名）はイタリックにしてください．これはイタリックのフォントで表してください（下線は用いない）．“et al.”や統計のテスト方法 (“t-test”など) や数式中の変数，
3段階目の見出し（下記参照）もイタリックを用います．
・上記以外の書き方（ボールドの指定，シノニムリスト等）は，Paleontological Researchの印刷体に倣ってください（下記の原稿例参照）．
・電子投稿の際の図表類の解像度は300dpi，もしくはそれ以下とします．
・論文は通常，下記の順に構成されます．
① Cover sheet

カバーシート② Abstract

アブストラクト（短報：Short notes にはアブストラクトはありません）③ Keywords

キーワード④ Main text

本文

⑤ Acknowledgments⑥ References

謝辞（必要に応じて記載してください）

引用文献⑦ Figure and Table captions⑧ Appendix（図と表の説明）

追記

3-1. Cover page

カバーシート・カバーページには以下を記載してください．(1) タイトル，(2) 全著者の氏名および所属先，(3) 査読結果や校正の送り先となる著者の連絡先（住所，電話・ファックス番号，E-mailaddress），(4) Running title（右ページ上に書かれる短縮したタイトル，40文字以内）を記載
して下さい．
・投稿原稿の内容は，すでに出版したものではなく，他の雑誌に投稿中のものでもないことを記載して下さい．
・タイトルは主題を表す簡潔な表現にしてください．また，文頭と固有名詞を除き小文字を用いてください．
3-2. Abstract

アブストラクト・500 語以下に収めてください．
・全体を要約し，そして重要なのは論文の結論を入れることです．様々なデータベースにもアブストラクトのみがまず登録されます．
・新たに提唱する分類名や地層名は必ず Abstract に入れてください．
・文献引用はいれないでください．
3-3. Keywords

キーワード

重要で一般的な語または句を，6つ以内選び，アルファベット順に並べてください．

3-4. Main text

本文

本文の構成は論文の内容によって変わりますし，ある程度自由ですが，主に下記のような章立てが望ましい．ただし Short Notes の場合，章を設けないことが普通です(References
を除く)．
Introduction
Material and methods
Results
Discussion(Conclusions)
または，化石の記載が中心の場合は以下のようなスタイルが好まれます．
Introduction
Geological setting (Stratigraphy)
Systematic description
Discussion(Conclusions)・新タクサの記載には以下の項目を含めて下さい．
判別文（diagnosis），位置および産出層準，タイプ標本の所在，新タクサが示されている図の指定．
・シノニムリストでは，シノニムとする生物が記載された文献の著者，出版年，ページ，
図版・図（Text figure を含む）を略記して示してください．
Heading（見出し）は 3 段階以内．最上級の heading は太字で中央に配置，次の行と 1 行
空けます．
2 段階目の heading は，太字でインデントしないで左から配置，次の行は続けてください（行は空けません）．
3 段階目の heading は, 太文字は用いずイタリックを用い，インデントして始めてください．Heading の最後にピリオドを打ち，ダッシュ（横棒）を2つ打ってからそのまま文章を続ける形で始めてください（headingから空白や行変えをしないで続ける）．
・上記以外の書き方（ボールドの指定，シノニムリスト等）は，Paleontological Research の印刷体，電子ジャーナル版に倣ってください（下記の原稿例参照）．
・地層を命名する必要がある際には，International Stratigraphic Guide にしたがって下さい．
・印刷中の論文（受理が決定している論文）は in press として引用文献に加えることができます．しかし受理されていない論文の内容を引用する場合は，本文中に pers. comm.
(Personal communication) とし，その情報の出典（氏名）を示してください．
・その他の引用スタイルは， 印刷例を参照してください． 通常，カッコ内に著者の Family
name，カンマ，引用文献の出版年を記します．また出版年の後にセミコロンを打って，その後にページや図番号を書くこともできます．

・カッコ内に複数の引用を並べるときは，間をセミコロンで区切ってください．
例：
This species was described by Kobayashi (1950).
This character was discovered by Kobayashi (1950; p. 120).
This species is also found from Hokkaido (Yabe, 1940; Kobayashi, 1950; Makiyama, 1955).
3-5. Acknowledgments

謝辞

・“Dr., Prof.などの敬称は用いないでください．
3-6. References

文献・著者のアルファベットと年号順に並べます．
・出典を示す雑誌名は略さず，すべて書き出してください．
・Volume（巻）と Number（号）の両者のある雑誌で，年号と Volume のみで論文を特定できる場合は Number を用いず，Volume とページを示してください．
・本文，図，表で引用した文献をすべてここで挙げてください．またこの References には
本文，図，表で使った文献以外を挙げないでください．
例
Ager, D. V., 1963: Principles of Paleoecology, 371 p. McGraw-Hill Co., New York.
Barron, J. A., 1983: Latest Oligocene through early Middle Miocene diatom biostratigraphy ofthe eastern tropical Pacific. Marine Micropaleontology, vol. 7, p. 487–515.
Barron, J. A., 1989: Lower Miocene to Quaternary diatom biostratigraphy of Leg 57, offnortheastern Japan, Deep Sea Drilling Project. In, Scientific Party, Initial Reports of the
Deep Sea Drilling Project, vols. 56 and 57, p. 641–685. U. S. Government Printing Office,Washington, D.C.
Barron, J. A. and Keller, G., 1982: Widespread Miocene deepsea hiatuses: Coincidence withperiods of global cooling. Geology, vol. 10, p. 577–581.
Burckle, L. H., 1978: Marine diatoms. In, Haq, B. U. and Boersma, A. eds., Introduction to
Marine Micropaleontology, p. 245–266. Elsevier, New York.
Kuramoto, S., 1996: Geophysical investigation for methane hydrates and the significance of
BSR. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, vol. 11, p. 951–958. (in Japanese withEnglish abstract)
Zakharov, Yu. D., 1974: Novaya nakhodka chelyustnogo apparata ammonoidey (A new find of
an ammonoid jaw apparatus). Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal 1974, p. 127–129. (in Russian)
3-7. Figure and Table captions
論文に用いる図と表の説明を順に行ってください．
3-8. Appendix

追記長大なデータ（多数の計測データや分岐分類に用いる形質のデータ行列など）等は，論文最後にAppendixとして入れてください．
4. 受 理 さ れ た 原 稿
原稿が受理され，その後印刷所に入校する前に，編集事務局から著者に画像等に関して連絡があります．その際，投稿時に使った図より解像度の良い図を印刷用に用いられたい
方は，Editor in Chiefまで図のファイルを CDあるいはDVD でお送りください．望ましいファイル形式はTIFF，EPS，PSD（Adobe Photoshop）AI（Adobe Illustrator）です．カラーの図の場合，RGB画像ではなく，CMYK画像で提出願います．図の解像度は，600 dpi以上とします．CDあるいはDVDは，西弘嗣宛，お送りください（住所は上記）．

5. Proofと Reprintに 関 し て
校正は通常初校のみが編集事務局から著者に送られます．受け取ったら 3 日以内にこれを必要に応じて修正し，事務局宛てにメールで返送してください．校正はpdfファイルの形で送られますので，Adobe Acrobatで修正箇所を分かりやすく書き加えるか，もしくはペー
ジと行をリストして修正箇所がわかるようにして校正を行ってください．校正のファイル
では，メールで校正のファイルをやり取りするため，図の解像度を落としてありますので予めご了承ください．
重要――

校正は著者が最終的な責任を持つこととします．編集部でも独自に校正を行いますが，著者が初校時に見落としていたミスが印刷時に発見された場合，著者が責任を持つことになります．著者の不注意により，校正段階で大きな変更をする場合，印刷経費の負担を求める場合があります．
・別刷りは1論文あたり50部が無料で著者に配られます．
・Page charge に関して印刷体で 24 ページまではページチャージはかかりません． 25 ページ以降は 1 ページあたり 9,000 円（2011 年 2 月現在）のチャージがかかります．
・Color page charge に関してカラーの図を用いる場合，1 ページあたり 58,000 円（2011 年 2 月現在）のチャージが発生します．雑誌の印刷体に白黒の図を用い，電子ジャーナル版のみカラーの図を使うことが可能です．この場合，現在のところ追加料金なしでこのような操作が可能です．その際，カラーの原図を白黒印刷した場合に多少コントラストが不自然になる場合があります
ので，十分注意してください．
・ご請求があれば，論文の出版後，原図は返送いたします．
以下に投稿のご参考のため，論文のサンプルを示します．実際の論文から主要な部分のみ抜き出してあります．また行も詰めて表示しています．

カバーシート
Ikiculter chojabaruensis, a new genus and species of cyprinid fish from the Miocene of Iki
Island, Nagasaki, JapanYOSHITAKA YABUMOTO
Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, 2-4-1, Higashida, Yahatahigashi-ku,
Kitakyushu, 805-0071, Japan
Name of the second author
Affiliation of the second author
Name of the third author
Affiliation of the third author
Corresponding author: YOSHITAKA YABUMOTO
E-mail: yabumoto@kmnh.jp
Phone number: 093-681-1011
Fax number: 093-661-7503
Running title: New Miocene cyprinid fish from JapanWe declare that none of the material in this manuscript has been published or is under consideration
for publication elsewhere.

以下，本文（カバーシートからページを改めて始めてください）
Ikiculter chojabaruensis, a new genus and species of cyprinid fish from the Miocene of Iki
Island, Nagasaki, JapanYOSHITAKA YABUMOTO
Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, 2-4-1, Higashida, Yahatahigashi-ku,
Kitakyushu, 805-0071, Japan (e-mail: yabumoto@kmnh.jp)
Abstract.

Ikiculter chojabaruensis is described on the basis of three specimens from the

Miocene of Iki Island, Nagasaki, Japan, as a new genus and species of the family Cyprinidae.
This new species possesses an elongate body, modified first unbranched fin ray of dorsal fin,
extremely stout third dorsal spine like fin ray with smooth posterior edge, apart tips of deeply
forked basipterygium with a dorsal wing, elongated pterotic, smooth surface of opercle, large
third vertebra twice as large as second one, 13 branched anal fin rays and 21 abdominal and20 caudal vertebrae. A phylogenetic study using the character matrix of previous study
suggests that the species is related to leuciscins + phoxinins, Ecocarpia, Iquius, xenocyprinins
and cultins and is probably a sister taxon to a clade of Iquius + xenocyprinins and cultrins.
There was an extinct group closely related cultrins and xenocyprinins in Miocene East Asia.
Keywords: Cyprinidae, Ikiculter chojabaruensis, Iki Island, Japan, Miocene, phylogenetic
analysis.

Introduction
Fossil fishes from Iki Island in Nagasaki Prefecture are representatives of the Miocene
freshwater fishes in Japan. The fossils were found in diatomite beds of the Early to Middle Miocene
Chojabaru Formation in the Iki Group. The fish fauna consists of eight or nine species of cyprinids,
two species of percoids, one bagrid, two gobiids, and one mastacembelid (Hayashi, 1975). Jordan(1919) described Iquius nipponicus as the first fossil fish from Japan and placed it provisionally inthe herring family Clupeidae, although he recognized its resemblance to cyprinids. It is distinct and avalid genus and closely related to cultrins and xenocyprinins of the family Cyprinidae (Yabumoto
and Sakamoto, 2010). From the same beds, Watanabe and Uyeno (1999) described a bagrid fish,
Pseudobagrus ikiensis that is close to P. fulvidraco widely distributed in China, Siberia and the
Korean Penisula and P. nudiceps distributed in Japan and Yabumoto and Uyeno (2009) described apercoid fish, Coreoperca maruoi that is close to C. kawamebari distributed in the western part ofJapan and the southern end of the Korean Penisula. The fish founa of the Chojabaru Formation issignificant for understanding freshwater fishes in the Miocene and the origin of extant freshwater

fish fauna in East Asia. In the present study, a new genus of cyprinids from the Chojabaru Formation
is described and the origins of cultrin and xenocyprinin fishes are discussed.
Methods
Preparation.—Any remains of bones were removed from the specimens with a needle
under a microscope. The bone impressions of fossils were then coated with a very thin synthetic
resin, surrounded with a low clay wall.

Latex was poured onto the fossil impression in a vacuum.

The latex was allowed to dry for about an hour and then the latex was peeled off from the fossil. The
latex cast was scanned and drawn on a personal computer and observed under a microscope.
Counts and Measurements.—Standard length measurements were made from theestimated tip of the snout to the posterior end of the hypural along the midline of the body. Body
depth measurements were made at the origin of dorsal fin. Head length measurements were madefrom the estimated tip of the snout to the posterior end of the opercle along the midline of the body.
Fin ray counts were made according to Chen (1998) and vertebral counts were made according to
Uyeno (1984).
Osteological Terminology.—Names of skull bones and the anterior part of vertebrae
follow Britz. and Conway (2009), Chen et al. (1984), Dahdul, et al. (2010) and Harrington (1955),
and caudal bones follow Fujita (1999).
Systematic description
Order Cypriniformes Bleeker, 1859
Family Cyprinidae Cuvier, 1817
Ikiculter gen. nov.
Type species.—Ikiculter chojabaruensis sp. nov.
Etymology.—Iki, after the name of the island that contains the Chojabaru Formation, culter,
generic name of cyprinid fish, knife and plowshare in Latin.
Diagnosis.—Same as for type species.
Ikiculter chojabaruensis sp. nov.
Diagnosis.—A member of the Cyrprinidae distinguished by the following combination ofcharacters: body elongate, standard length 4.5 to 4.6 times body depth and 3.6 to 4.2 times headlength; large eye, head length 3.4 to 4.2 times orbital diameter; apart tips of deeply forked
basipterygium with a dorsal wing, the pterotic elongated, smooth surface of the opercle, unbranched
and unsegmented first three dorsal fin rays, the first one vestigial, the third one extremely stout andspine-like with smooth posterior margin; seven supraneurals between dorsal fin and supraneural 3
bone, supraneural 4 bone largest with an anterior extended wing; first proximal pterygiophore of
dorsal fin large bony plate with stout struts along anterior, posterior and dorsal margins and weak

strut between anterior and posterior struts; anal fin with three unbranched and 13 branched rays; themost dorsal principal caudal fin ray branched; third vertebra almost twice of second one in length;and 21 abdominal and 20 caudal vertebrae.
Material.—Holotype, KMNH (Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human
History) VP 100,264, a nearly complete specimen, estimated 109 mm in standard length (SL).
Paratype, KMNH VP 100,265, a nearly complete specimen, the middle part of the body at the originof dorsal fin and the posterior part of the caudal fin missing, estimated 90 mm SL; KMNH VP
100,266, anterior part of the body.
Locality and horizon.—All specimens were discovered from the rock belonging to theMiddle Miocene Chojabaru Formation (15.3 Ma: personal communication from Kimura in
Watanabe and Uyeno, 1999) in the Iki Group. Diatomite at Hachiman, Ashibe, Iki Island, Nagasaki
Prefecture, Japan.
Etymology.—chojabaru after the locality of the type specimens and the name of theformation.
Description of holotype.—The body is slender, the standard length 4.6 times the body
depth and 4.2 times the head length. The eye is large, the head length 3.4 times the orbital diameter(Figure 1).
Skull. The dorsal part of the lateral ethmoid is thick with the v-shaped concavity on thelateral side. The preethmoid and vomer are not clearly visible. The frontal is a large, elongate bonethat forms the dorsal roof of the orbit. There are five openings of the sensory canal. The parietal isalmost square in shape. The pterotic is long with a bony tube for the postorbital sensory canal. The
anterior end of the bone extends over the posterior border of the orbit. The parasphenoid is preserved,
but the anterior part is obscure (Figure 2).
Infraorbital bones. The first infraorbital (= lachrymal by Harrington, 1955) is a large flatbone, composed of a middle bony tube for the infraorbital sensory canal with flanges extending oneither side. The second infraorbital is slightly shorter than the third and fourth infraorbitals, which
are almost of equal size. The sensory canal runs along the dorsal margin of the second and third
infraorbitals, and the middle of the fourth one. The fifth infraorbital is short, only nearly one-thirdsof the fourth one (Figure 2).
――

Systematic description 以下略――

Discussion
This new genus and species, Ikiculter chojabaruensis, is a member of the family
Cyprinidae because of toothless jaws, the short anteriorly curved ribs of the fourth vertebra; threebranchiostegal rays; having the upper jaw bordered only by the premaxilla; presence of an opercular
canal; and the structure of the caudal skeleton (see Cavender and Coburn, 1992; Chen et al., 1984;
Nelson, 2006). Although there are many systematic and phylogenetic studies on the family
Cyprinidae, there is no consensus on the interrelationships of the family among ichthyologists anddifferent researchers have been holding different views on the subdivision of subfamilies and genericcomposition of each subfamily (Chen et al., 2005).
To date there have been few studies of morphological phylogenetic analyses of the family
utilizing cladistic methods. The most recent morphological phylogenetic analysis of relationships in
the family Cyprinidae is that of Yabumoto and Sakamoto (2010). This data matrix was based on thematrix of Cavender and Coburn (1992), which relied heavily on the 25 characters for the Asiaticcyprinids used by Chen et al. (1984), with correction of the coding of their character 28 by Chen etal. (2005) following the description of Ecocarpia ningmingensis Chen, Fang and Chang 2005 fromthe mid-Tertiary of the Ningming Basin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
――

Discussion 以下略――

Acknowledgments
The author wishes to express his sincere gratitude to XXX for donating the specimens to
the Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History. The author is deeply grateful to
YYY of the National Museum of Nature and Science for his valuable advice and critical reading of
this manuscript. A part of this study was supported by the ZZZ Foundation.
References
Bleeker, P., 1859: Conspectus systematis Cyprinorum. Natuurk. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor
Nederlands-Indië, vol. 20, p. 421–441.
Britz, R. and Conway, K., 2009: Osteology of Paedocypris, a miniature and highly developmentally
truncated fish (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae). Journal of Morphology, vol. 270, p.
389–412.
Cavender, T. M. and Coburn, M. M., 1992: Phylogenetic relationships of North American
Cyprinidae. In, Mayden, R. L. eds., Systematics, Historical Ecology and North American
Freshwater Fishes, p. 293–327. Stanford Univ Press, Stanford.
Chang, M. M., Chen, Y. and Haowen, T., 1996: A new Miocene xenocyprinine (Cyprinidae) from
Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China and succession of Late Cenozoic fish faunas of East
Asia. Vertebrate PalAsiatica, vol. 34, p. 165–183.
Chen, G. G., Fang, F. and Chang, M. M., 2005: A new cyprinid closely related to cultrins +xenocyprinins from the mid-Tertiary of South China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, vol.
25, p. 492–501.
Chen, W. J., Miya, M., Saitoh, K. and Mayden, R. L., 2008: Phylogenetic utility of two existing andfour novel nuclear gene loci in reconstructing tree of life of ray-finned fishes: the order
Cypriniformes (Ostariophysi) as a case study. Gene, vol. 423, p. 125–134.
Chen, X. L., Yue, P. Q. and Lin, R. D., 1984: Major groups within the family Cyprinidae and their
phylogenetic relationships. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, vol. 9, p. 424–440.
Chen, Y. Y., 1998: Fauna Sinica, Osteichthyes, Cypriniformes II, 531 p. Science Press, Beijing.

Cuvier, G., 1817: Le Règne Animal, 2, 532 p. Fortin, Masson et C. Librasis, Paris.
Dahdul, W. M., Lundberg, J. G., Midford, P. E., Balhoff, J. P., Lapp, H., Vision, T. J., Haendel, M.
A., Westerfield, M. and Mabee, P. M., 2010: The teleost anatomy ontology: anatomical
representation for the genomics age. Systematic Biology, vol. 59, p. 369–383.
Gaubert, R., Denys, G. and Oberdorff, T., 2009: Genus-level supertree of Cyprinidae(Actinopterygii:

Cypriniformes),

partitioned

qualitativeclade

support

and

test

of

macro-evolutionary scenarios. Biolological Reviews, vol. 84, p. 653–689.
Hayashi, T., 1975: Fossils from Chojabaru, Iki Island, Japan. 120 p. Shima no Kagaku kenkyusho,
Iki.
Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, 1979: Handbook of Chinese vertebrate
fossils (Revised edition). 665 p., 188pls. Science Press, Beijing.
Jordan, D. S., 1919: Description of a new fossil fish from Japan. Proceedings of California Academyof Science, 4th Ser. 9, p. 271–272.
Liu, H. and Chen, Y., 2003: Phylogeny of the East Asian cyprinids inferred from sequences of themitochondrial DNA control region. Canadian Journal of Zoology, vol. 81, p. 1938–1946.
Liu, H. T. and Su, T. T., 1962: Pliocene fishes from Yushe basin, Shansi. Vertebrate PalAsiatica, vol.
6, p. 1–25.
Maddison, D. R. and Maddison, W. P., 2002: MacClade 4: analysis of phylogeny and character
evolution, Version 4.05. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachussets.
Mayden, R. L., Chen, W. J., Bart, H. L., Doosey, M. H., Simons, A. M., Tang, K. L., Wood, R. M.,
Agnew, M. K., Yang, L., Hirt, M. V., Clements, M. D., Saitoh, K., Sado, T., Miya, M. andNishida, M., 2009: Reconstructing the phylogenetic relationships of the earth’ most diverse
clade of freshwater fishes—order Cypriniformes (Actinopterygii: Ostariophysi): a case study
using multiple nuclear loci and the mitochondrial genome. Molecular Phylogenetics Evolution,
vol. 51, p. 500–514.
Mayden, R. L., Tang, K. L., Wood, R. M., Chen, W.-J., Agnew, M. K., Conway, K. W., Yang, L.,
Simons, A. M., Bart, H. L., Harris, P. M., Li, J., Wang, X., Saitoh, K., He, S., Liu, H., Chen, Y.,
Nishida, M. and Miya, M., 2008: Inferring the Tree of Life of the order Cypriniformes, theearth’s most diverse clade of freshwater fishes: Implications of varied taxon and charactersampling. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, vol. 46, p. 424–438.
Nakajima, T., 1986: Pliocene cyprinid pharyngeal teeth from Japan and East Asia Neogene cyprinid
zoogeography. In, Uyeno, T., Arai, R., Taniichi, T. and Matsuura, K. eds., Indo-Pacific Fish
Biology: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Indo-Pacific Fishes, p.
502–513. Ichthyological Society of Japan, Tokyo.
Nelson, J. S., 2006: Fishes of the world. 4th end. 601 p. John Wiley, New Jersey.
Swofford, D. L., 2003: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony. Version 4.0 Beta. Sinauer
Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
Tomoda, Y., Nakajima, T. and Kotera, H., 1973: Fossil fishes collected at Chojabaru, Iki islands—I.
Kasekikenkyukaishi, no. 7, p. 11–20.
Uyeno, T., 1984: Characters and methods of measuring and counting. In, Masuda, H. K., Amaoka,

K., Araga, C., Uyeno, T. and Yoshino, T. eds., The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago, p.
xii–xvi. Tokai Univ Press, Tokyo.
Wang, X., Li, J. and He, S., 2007: Molecular evidence for the monophyly of East Asian groups ofCyprinidae (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) derived from the nuclear recombination activating gene2 sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, vol. 42, p. 157–170.
Watanabe, K. and Uyeno, T., 1999: Fossil bagrid catfishes from Japan and their zoogeography, withdescription of a new species, Pseudobagrus ikiensis. Ichthyolological Research, vol. 46, p.
397–412.
Yabumoto, Y., Sakamoto, Y. and Liu, H., 2008: Osteology of the cyprinid fish, Hemiculter
leucisculus. Bulletin of Kitakyushu Museum Natural History and Human History, Ser. A(Natural History), no. 6, p. 33–48.
Yabumoto, Y. and Uyeno, T., 2009: Coreoperca maruoi, a new species of freshwater percoid fishfrom the Miocene of Iki Island, Nagasaki, Japan. Bulletin of Kitakyushu Museum Natural
History and Human History, Ser. A (Natural History), no. 7, p. 103–112.
Yabumoto, Y., Sakamoto, Y. and Liu, H. 2010: Osteology of the cyprinid fish, Xenocypris argentea.
Bulletin of Kitakyushu Museum Natural History and Human History, Ser. A (Natural History),
no. 8, p. 69–86. (in Japanese with English abstract)
Yabumoto, Y. and Sakamoto, Y., 2010: Revision of Iquius nipponicus Jordan 1919 (Teleostei:
Cyprinidae) from the Miocene of Iki Island, Nagasaki, Japan and its phylogenetic position.
Ichthyological Research, vol. 57, p. 286–297.

Figure and Table captions.（新たなページで始めてください）
Figure 1. Ikiculter chojabaruensis gen. et sp. nov. A. photo of holotype. KMNH VP 100,264. B.
latex peel of A. C. line drawing of B. Abbreviations: EPN, epineural; EPP, epipleural; LL,
lateral line scales.
Figure 2. Ikiculter chojabaruensis gen. et sp. nov., holotype, KMNH VP 100,264. A. latex peel ofthe head. B. line drawing of A. Abbreviations: ANG, angular-articular; BAH, basihyal; BRA,
branchiostegal rays; CHY, anterior ceratohyal; CLE, cleithrum; CRA, coracoid; DEN,
dentary; EPN, epineural; ETH LAT, lateral ethmoid; FRO, frontal; HYO, hyomandibular;
INO, interopercle; IO1, first infraorbital; IO2, 2nd infraorbital; IO3, 3rd infraorbital; IO4, 4th
infraorbital; IO5, 5th infraorbital; LHYPH, lower hypohal; MAX, maxilla; MET,
metapterygoid; NP3, lateral process of the 3rd neural arch; NPZ, neural prezygaphophysis;
OOS, outer arm of the os suspensorium; OPE, opercle; P1, pectoral fin; PAL, autopalatine;
PAR, parietal; PARA, parasphenoid; POP, preopercle; PREM, premaxilla; PTO, pterotic; Q,
quadrate; R5, fifth rib; RET, retroarticular; RD, radial; SC, scapula; SO, supraorbital; SPN3,
supraneural 3 bone; SPN4, supraneural 4 bone; SRPE, supraethmoid; TRI, tripus; UH,urohyal; UHYPH, upper hypohyal.
Figure 3. Dorsal fin of Ikiculter chojabaruensis gen. et sp. nov., holotype, KMNH VP 100,264.
Arrow indicates the vestigial first dorsal fin ray.
Figure 4. Ikiculter chojabaruensis gen. et sp. nov., holotype, KMNH VP 100,264. A. latex peel ofthe pelvic fin and basipterygium. B. line drawing of A.
Figure 5. Ikiculter chojabaruensis gen. et sp. nov., holotype, KMNH VP 100,264. A. latex peel ofthe caudal skeleton and fin. B. line drawing of A. Arrows indicate longest fin rays of upperand lower lobes of caudal fin. These fin rays are usually unbranched, but the fin ray of theupper lobe is branched and the one of the lower lobe is branched at the middle part in thisspecies. Abbreviations: EPN, epineural; EPP, epipleural; EPU, epural; HPU2, haemal spine ofsecond preural centrum; HYU1, first hypural; HYU2, second hypural; HYU5, fifth hypural;
NPU1, neural spine of first preural centrum; PARH, parhypural; PL, pleurostyle; PP,
hypurapophysis; PU1, first preuralcentrum; PU2, second preuralcentrum; U1, first uralvertebra; UN2, second uroneural.
Figure 6. Ikiculter chojabaruensis gen. et sp. nov. A. latex peel of paratype, KMNH VP 100,265. B.
line drawing of A. Abbreviation: EPN, epineural; EPP, epipleural; LL, lateral line scales.
Figure 7. Ikiculter chojabaruensis gen. et sp. nov., paratype, KMNH VP 100,265. A. latex peel ofhead. B. line drawing of A. Abbreviations: ANG, angular-articular; BRA, branchiostegal rays;

CHY, anterior ceratohyal; CLE, cleithrum; CRA, coracoid; DEN, dentary; ETH, ethmoid;
ETH LAT, lateral ethmoid; EPN, epineural; FRO, frontal; HYO, hyomandibular; INO,
interopercle; IO1, first infraorbital; IO3, 3rd infraorbital; MAX, maxilla; MET,
metapterygoid; OOS, outer arm of the os suspensorium; OPE, opercle; PAL, autopalatine;
PAR, parietal; PARA, parasphenoid; PCL,

postcleithrum; POP, preopercle; PREM,

premaxilla; PT, posttemporal; PTO, pterotic; Q, quadrate; R5, fifth rib; RET, retroarticular;SC, scapula; SO, supraorbital; SNP3, supraneural 3 bone; SPN4, supraneural 4 bone; SRPE,
supraethmoid; SUPC, supracleithrum; UHYPH, upper hypohyal.
Figure 8. Ikiculter chojabaruensis gen. et sp. nov. A. latex peel of paratype, KMNH VP 100,266. B.
line drawing of A. Abbreviations: BAH, basihyal; BAP, basipterygium; CB5, ceratobranchial
5 (= pharyngeal bone by Harrington, 1995); CRA, coracoid; DEN, dentary; EPN, epineural;
FRO, frontal; MAX, maxilla; NPZ, neural prezygaphophysis; OOS, outer arm of the ossuspensorium; OPE, opercle; PAR, parietal; PREM, premaxilla; PTO, pterotic; Q, quadrate;
R5, fifth rib; SO, supraorbital; SPN4, supraneural 4 bone; SYM, symplectic.
Figure 9. A. One of the ten equally parsimonious cladograms under the branch-and-band search
option (TBR). Numbers at the right of branches are apomorphic states of each clade. B. Strict
consensus cladogram resulting from of the equally parsimonious cladograms. C. 50%
majority-rule consensus cladogram of 10 equally most parsimonious cladograms.
Table 1. Comparison of fossil cyprinid fishes from China and Ikiculter chojabaruensis gen. et sp.
nov.