a .ft"'~±~~~~.:!-· ic. f

Transactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New Series

No. 50Palaeontological Society of Japan

June lOth, 1963

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
Page

447.
4,18.

Brachiopods from the Late Jurassic Nakanosawa Formation in Fukushima
Prefecture, Japan .............................................. Kei tv1oRI 41
A Dibranchiate Cephalopod from the Rifu Formation (Triassic) near
Hamada, Shiogama City, tvliyagi Prefecture. japan .......... Yuji BANDO 46

449.

Verbeekininae from the Inferred Upper Wolfcampian Limestone in theWest of Ryoseki, Kochi Prefecture .................... Kunihiro ISHIZAKI

51

450.

On the Genus Acer with Description of New Species .......... Seido ENoo

65

451.

Two New Species of Opis from the Cretaceous of Japan .... Yoshiro UEDA

70

President : Teiichi KOBAYASHI
Councillors: Kiyoshi AsANO (Editor of "Fossils"), Riuji ENDO, Haruyoshi FUJIMOTO,
Shoshiro HANZAWA, Tetsuro I-lANAI (Secretary), Wataru HASIIIMOTO (Treasurer).
Kotara HAT AI. Ichiro HAY ASAKA, Hiroshi OZAKI (Planning), Teiichi KOBAYASHI,
Tatsuro MATSUMOTO (Editor of Special Publications), l\1asao MINATO, Tokio
SHIKAMA (Membership), Fuyuji TAKAI (Editor), Ryuzo TORIYAI\IA
Assistant Secretary:

Takeo ICHIKAWA

All Communications relating to this Journal should be addressed to the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan

Trans. Proc. Palacont. Soc. Japan, N. S .. No. 50, pp. -11-45, pl. 7. June 10. 1963

HI.

BRACHIOPODS FROM THE LATE JURASSIC NAKANOSAWA
FORMATION IN FUKUSHIMA PREFECTURE. JAPAN*
KEI MORI
Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Tohoku Uni\·ersity~tflllllPJ~t:PHlli1il0J:;1C;; 7 7nq, / iR~I'EIJ\iifEM 3 fll!: l:tft;;;,. 7 7nf1J.~~M·~' J iRJi?i0'1 ·iil!.1:ii1<!5-I.!·I?IIE L. t..:.l!li!JC.m 3 fll! " Terebratula" hataii MoR 1, n. sp.. " Terebratula".:.Litmii :\loR I. n. sp .... Terebralula" sp. 1.::.0\ •"Cl'i:!~L. t:.,*~ed the brachiopods described in thisarticle.
Although paleontological studies haYe
been published on the fossils from theJurassic Soma Group, this may be thefirst systematic work on the brachiopod
fauna of the Nakanosa\va formation.
This formation was correlated with the
Oxfordian to Kimmeridgian by l'viASA·
TAl\1 (1950) from the occurrence of Aula·cosphinctoides cf. steigeri (Slll!\IIZU). Virgatosphinctes sp. besides others.
Little is known of the brachiopod
fauna of the Mesozoic Era of the japa·
nese Islands except for the works of
TOKUYA:\IA (1957. 1958, 1959) who studied
the brachiopods from Shikoku in South·
west japan.
Concerning classification of the bra.
chiopods. it was already pointed out byl\1um-Wooo (1936. 1937) that a natur~lclassification of the Mesozoic Telotremata should be based upon the external
and internal characters. Although thisis well known. the collection of brachio·
pods at hand comprises only a few speci·
mens. According to this reason theinternal characters could not be studied.
Howe\'er. it is thought that their des·criptions may be a contribution to theupper Jurassic brachiopod-fauna of theIntroduction

It is known that the upper jurassic
Soma Group*.;: distributed in the Soma
District. Fukushima Prefecture. has
yielded abundant fossils such as of corals. mollusks. brachiopods. and plants.
The Soma Group which comprises chiefly
sandstone. shale and limestone. can beclassified into the following seven formations. from the older to the younger.
namely, Kitazawa***. Awazu. Yamagami.
Tochikubo. Nakanosawa. Tomizawa. andKoyamada formations.
Among theseseven formations the Nakanosawa con·sists mainly of dark gray medium grain·
cd sandstone overlain with white coarse
grained sandstone in the lower. succeeded
upwards with calcareous sandstone andimpure limestone. The latter rock yield·• Recei\·ed June 14. 1962: read June 2.
1962.

•• The name of the Soma Group although
first proposed for the Tertiary format ions. isin general usage and popular as a unit of theJurassic. For this reason the? name will be
retained for the Jurassic System in the present area.
••• New stratigraphic term proposed forthe preoccupied Hatsuno formation of KITA·:lll'R!I., SHIBATA and UEDA (1955).

41

42

1\ei .l!OR!

japanese Islands.
So far as the external characters areconcerned. the specimens at hand could
not be identified with previously des·cribed species reported from abroad orfrom the japanese Islands. Among thethree species of brachiopods describedin this article from the limestone of the
Nakanosawa formation. two arc consi·
dcred to be new to science and one is
specifically indetermined.
Acknowledgements

The writer wishes to express his sin·cere gratitude to Professor Kotara HA·
TAI of the Institute of Geology andPaleontology, Tohoku University. for hiskind guidance and constant encourage·
ment throughout this work. He also
thanks Professor jun-ichi IwAI of thesame Institute for his kind offer of thespecimens upon which this article isbased. Deep appreciation is due to Dr.
Kunihiro IsmzAKI of the same Institutefor his valuable suggestions. Thanks
are expressed to Mr. Kimiji KUMAGAI
for taking the necessary photographs.
Systemat.ic Descriptions

Superfamily Terebratulacea
WAAGEN, 1883
Family Terebratulidae GRAY, 18~0
Genus Terebmtula MULLER. 1776·· Terebratula" hataii '.·lORI, n. sp.
Pl. 7. figs. 1-5.

Description :-Shell biconvex. subpenta·
gonal, moderate in size. somewhat longer
than wide. maximum width at middleof length. Commissures straight paste·riorly. curved gradually dorsally: ante·rior commissure with sharp uniplicate
fold. Dorsal or brachial valve subcircular. less convex than ventral. sculptured with periodic, weak concentric
growth lines. Hinge-line arched rather
acutely. Ventral valve nearly twice as
deep as dorsal, evenly convex. maximum
convexity slightly posterior to middle oflength. rather sharply curved dorsallynear beak. Beak pointed. pierced withsmall. circular foramen. mesothyrid,
erect. separated from hinge-line withconjunct deltidial plates or symphytium
which is both curved and short: surface
with obscure concentric growth lines.
Shell structure punctate and more or lessfibrous. Weak, obscure radial threads
exposed on undersurface. Length (inmm) 3-!.6, width 32.0, thickness 15A (Halotype).
Remarks :-judged from the dorsal
valve which has lost most of the original shell layer. there seems to havebeen a sharp, thin, median septum ex·tending anteriorly to near the middle ofdorsal-valve length, and a short longi·
tudinal median depression below thebeak in the ventral valve. The beakridges are not sharp although narrowly
rounded. Since no radial sculpture canbe observed on the dorsal vah·e andonly faintly on the anterior half of theventral valve. it appears as if the radials
were not originally external but internal.
This species is similar to ·· Terebra·
tufa" riclwrdsoni MUIR· WOOD (\IUIR·WooD. 1936. p. 83. pi 3. fig. 11) from theFuller's Earth Rock in outline of theshell, but the former is distinguishable
from the latter by the erect and lessprojecting beak. and shape of the ventral
valve.
" Terebratula" in sign is Scul'BLER 1DA •VIllSON, 1851-2. pp. 47-48, pl. 13. fig. l)from the Coralline Oolite of Malton.
which was referred to the genus 1'·./eu-

4-~7.

Jurassic Brachiopods

mayrithyris TOKUYAMA (TOKUYAMA, 1958,
p. 1201 is another species resembling thepresent one, bur differs from the latterin having more convex and ovate shaped
valves. and in lacking a median septum.
From the faint radial threads observedon the anterior half of the shell resemblance is found w·ith the genus Somalit/zyris MuiR-V\'ooo (1935, p. 124), whichis stated to range from Di\·esian to Argovian. However, the characters of bothbeak ancl for~men of that genus areapparently different from those of thepresent species. The genus lVeldoni·t!zyris i\luu<-\Vooo (1952, p. 130) is another related genus to the present species from the Soma District, being similar in the possession of the thread-likemedian septum but differing in externalfeatures. Therefore. the present species.
hataii and iwaii, although showing resemblance with the genera Somalithyris andWeldonitlzyris, are referred to the genus" Terebratuta" in broad sense because
the internal characters could not be
studied.
Occurrenre :-The limestone of theupper part of the Nakanosawa formation at Koike. Kashima-machi, Soma-gun,
Fukushima Prefecture. IGPS coli. cat.
no. 7932t (Holotype).

phytium or deltidial plates short, conjunct, beak ridges rounded. foramen
subcircular. Hinge-line broadly acute.
Dorsal valve with short, slender median
septum extending anteriorly to about
one fourth length of dorsal valve. Length(in mm) 20.0, width 18.4, thickness /.9.
Remarlls :-Among the species reported
from the Japanese Islands. the present
one is similar to Neumayritkyris torinosu·
ensis ToKUYA:'IIA (1958. pp. 122-126. pl.
9, figs. 1-6) from the Sakawa Basin in
Kochi Prefecture in the shell outline,
but it is distinguished by ha\'ing morestraight anterior commissure.
" Terebratula" anaiwensis ToKUYA:\IA(1958, pp. 126-128, pl. 9, figs 7-8) also
from the Kochi Prefecture is also similar
to the newly described species, but canbe distinguished from the present one
by having more plano-convex valves andmore projected beak. Because the internal structures of the present specimen
remain unkno\vn further comparison is
not possible.
Occurrence :-The limestone of the upper part of the Nakanosawa formation
at Hayama. Kashima·machi. Soma-gun.
Fukushima Prefecture. IGPS coli. cat.
no. 79325 (Holotype).

" Terebratula" sp. indet.
" Terebratu/a" izraii ~VIORI, n. sp.
Pl. 7, figs. 6-9.

Description:-Shell biconvex. oval. longer than wide, widest near middle of shelllength, nearly equally convex. but the\'entral deeper than dorsal. Lateral commissures straight, anterior one rectimarginate. Both valves sculptured with obscure concentric growth lines and with
faint radials on anterior half observedby reflected light. Test finely punctate.
Beak moderately S\vollen, suberect. sym-Pl. 7, figs. 10-12.

Descrij>lion :-Shell ovate, plano-convex,
longer than wide, maximum \\·idth near
middle of shell length. Dorsal valve
nearly fial. sculptured with obscure concentric growth lines. Test finely anddensely punctate. Lateral commissure
slightly curYecl ventrally, anterior commissure almost rectimarginate. Ventral
valve about two times or a little moreconvex than dorsal, maximum thickness
or depth near or slightly posterior to44

1\ei MORI

length of Yentral val\·e. Beak moderately swollen. fractured. Hinge-line broadly
arcuate. Surface smooth except for obscure concentric growth lines. Length(in mm) about 20.0. width about 15.0.
and thickness 8.8.
Remarks:- The present specimen is
fractured at its posterior part and thus
details of beak. foramen and symphytium remain unknown. llowever. fromthe rectimarginate folding. slightly
curved lateral commissure. convexity ofthe valves and similarity with the specimen described as "Terebratula" itcaii. itis thought to belong to the same genus.
Occurrence :-The limestone of the upper part of the Nakanosawa formation
at Koike. Kashima-machi, Soma-gun,
Fukushima Prefecture. (IGPS coli. cat.
no. 79326).
Heferences cited
BucJ.;~JA:-.:.

S. S. (191i): The Brachiopoda of
the :\amyau Beds, ~orthern Shan States,

Burma. Palaeont. Indica, N. S.. Vol. 3,
l1lo. 2, 299 pp., 21 pis.
DAvJosor-;, T. (1851-2): A Monograph on the
British Fossil Branchiopoda, pt. 3. theOolitic and Liassic Brachiopoda. Pafa·
eo11t. Soc. Lmulo11. 100 pp .. IB pls.
KI~ll"l~A. T. (195·1):
The Sandstone andLimestone of the Nakanosawa Forma·tion. four. Geol. Soc. Japan, Vol. 60, No.
101. pp. 67-80. (in Japanese)
KJTA~lCRA, N .. SIIIBATA. T. and UEDA. A.
(1955): Geology and Tectonics in theEnvirons of 1\latsukawa-Ura. Soma City.
Fukushima Prefecture.
To!Joku Unit•.,!nsf. Ceo!. Pal., Cot1lr .. No. 45. pp. 84-96.
(in japanese)
MASATANJ, K. (l!J50):
A Stud~· of theJurassic Formations in the Soma District.
Fukushima Prefecture. four. Geo/. Soc.
Japan, Vol. 56, lv·o. ti1J2, pp. -199-505. (inJapanese)- - and TAl\ICRA, M. (1959): A Stratigraphic Study on the Jurassic Soma Groupon the Eastern Foot of the Abuk uma
Mountains. Northeast japan. japan. ]our.
Ceo/. Geogr., Vol. 30, pp. 245-257.
.1\IL:IR-Wnrm, H. M. (1935): Jurassic Brachio-

Explanation of Plate 7
Figs. 1-5: "Terebralula" lwlaii MoRr, n. sp.: x 1. Loc.
Koike. Kashima-machi. Soma-gun. Fukushima Prefecture.
1 : Dorsal view of the specimen. Holotype
2: Ventral vie\\· of the same specimen
3: Anterior view of the same specimen•1-5: Lateral view of the same specimen
Figs. 6-9: •· T~rebralu/a" ill'aii ?\•lORI, n. sp.: xl. S, Loc.
Hayama, Kashima-machi. Soma-gun. Fukushima Prefecture.
6: Dorsal view of the specimen, Holotype
7: Ventral view of the same specimen
8: Anterior view of the same specimen
9: Lateral view of the same specimen
Figs. 10-12: " Terebratula" sp. indet.: X I. 5, Loc.
Koike. Kashima-machi, Soma-gun. Fukushima Prefecture.
10: Dorsal view of the specimen
11: Ventral view of the same specimen
12: Lateral view of the same specimen
Fig. 13: Photograph showing tlw occurrence of limestone in the upper part of the Nakanosawa formation at Koike.

Jurassic Brachiopoda

MORI :

3

13

K U MAGA I

photo

Pl ate 7

447.

.Jw·a.<;sic !Jmchiopods

poda. Geo/. Pal .. British Somalilrmd. pp.
75-1-!7, pis. 8-la. 33 figs.
- - (1936): A Monograph on the Brachiopoda of the British Great Oolite Series,
pt. I. the Brachiopoda of the Fuller's
Earth. l'alaeont. Soc. London, 142 pp., 5pis.
- - (1937): The IVlesozoic Brachiopoda of
the Attock District. Palaeont. Indica. Vol.
20. No. 6. 31 pp., 1 pl.
- - (1952): Some Jurassic Brachiopoda fromthe Lincolnshire Limestone and Upper
Estuarine Series of Rutland and Lincoln·shire. /'roc. Geol. Assoc., Vol. tj3. pt. 2.
pp. 113-142. pis. 5-6. 5 figs.
Sur~uzt:. S. (1927): A Tithonian Species ofl'erisphinctes from the Torinosu Limestone of Koike. Province of Iwaki. Japan.
japan. jour. Gcol. Geogr .. Vol. 5, No. ·1.
pp. 219-222.
- - (1930): Notes on two Tithonian Speciesof Perisphincles from Torinosu Limestoneof Koike Province of lwaki. Ibid .. Vol.

Awazu
HayamaKitazawa
Koike
Koyamada

7. No. 2. pp. 45-48. pl. 6.
TorwY.\:1.1.\, A. (1957): On Some upper Tri·
assic Spirifcrinoids from the Sakawa
Basin in Prov. Tosa. Japan. Trans. Proc.
Palaeont. Soc. japan. N. S .. JVo. 27. pp. 99106. pl. 17.
- - (1957): On Some jurassic Rhynchonel·lids from Shikoku. japan. Ibid .. No. 28.
pp. 128-136. pl. 21.
- - (l958a): On Some Terebratuloids from
the Middle Jurassic Naradani Formationin Shikoku. Japan. ]ap!llr. ]our. Ceo!.
Geogr., Vol. 29, pp. 1-10, pl. 1.
- - (195ilb): On some Tcrebratuloids fromthe Late Jurassic Torinosu Series in Shi·koku. Japan. Ibid .. Vol. 29. pp. ll!l-131.
pl. 9.
- - (1959) : Bemerkungen tiber die Brachi·
opodcnfazics der Obcrjurassi~chen Tori·
nosuserie Sudwestjapans, mit Beschrcibungen einiger Formen. Ibid .. ·vol. 30.
pp. 183-19~. pl. 15.

~~~akanosawa

rr nn

.J;]

~lj

~t

iR.

Tochikubo
Tornizawa
Yamagami

Wi 1I'M iR.

'l' iii!
'NIIUlill J::

Trans. Proc. Palacont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 50. pp. 1(6-50, pl. 8, june. 10. 1963

H8.

A DIBH.ANCH IATE CEPHALOPOD FH.OI\T Trn; RIFU

FORl\fATION (TRIASSIC) NEAR HAMADA. SHIOGAl\IA
CITY. l\IIYAGI PREFECTURK JAPAN*'YUJI BANDO
Geological Laboratory, Kagawa Uni\·crsity'2;JJK]!j!;.l1.i~rliilli~t·Ji. fUtJ. infflm.i!£0)rj•2J;=::n>ft-IJI{;H"IO)Bii4~-m:

Atractites ~~0)~~-#i. Jl! *li,'ii!~:a:fi...., f.:.oPJ

the pelecypods, l'tychites compressus Y AHeyrichiles chilanii YABEand SHE\IIZLJ, Paraceratites cf. lNmii S:'vllTll, P. orienta/is YARE and SHIMIZU. Nevadites t ?) japonicus '{:\BE and SHJ:\!IZU
of the cephalopods, Spiriferina /umeharai
Y ABE and SHIMIZU and S. cf. lilaugensis
SToLICZKA of the brachiopods, and besides. gastropods and drift woods also
occur from the quarry above mentioned.
The drift wood more or less resembles
the genus Lepidodendron.
Subsequently, the present writer reported on the occurrence of Protrachyct:ms reilzi (BOECK H) from the same formation in 1958, and its detailes werereported by 0:\UKI and BMWO (1959), who
added the following Ladinic fauna, Ptychites all. coguatus (OPPEL), Protrachyceras reitzi (BOECKH), Tropigaslrites aff.
ha!li (i\loJS!SOVrcs). ]apouites alT. ugm(DIE:\ER). and Danubites sp. They statedthat this fauna should be correlated to
the Ladinic ammonite zone represented
by Prolrachyceras reitzi Zone of the Alpine l\luschelkalk.
W'ith regard to the Triassic dibranchiate cephalopods from japan only one
species. /Jictyoconilcs uipponicus SH!l\IIZIJ
and l\·IA IWTL has been described fromthe lowermost horizon of the Manolis
beds of the Saragai group in the KitaBE and Slll:'IIIZU,Introduction and Acknowledgements
The Dibranchiate Cephalopoda described in this article was found in a darkcolored fine-grained sandstone or coarsegrained siltstone which makes up the
major part of the Rifu formation. Thistine-grained rock is being quarried forconstruction purposes. The quarry issituated at about one kilometer northwest of the llamada station along l he
Senseki Electric Car Line. Shiogama City,\liyagi Prefecture. and is well kno\vn for
its yield of fossil cephalopods. pelecypods. gastropods, and brachiopods.
The Rifu formation has been describedas to its geology and paleontology by
LI\BE and SHt:\IIW (1927 -29), who determined the geological age to be Ladinic.
Among the many fossils described bythose authors the following should be
mentioned because of their importancewith the determination of the geologicalage of the formation, namely. Myoconcha
lwmadaensis YABE and SIIC:\IIZll, Daonella/wtoi multistriala Y ABE and SHJ:\!!ZU, andD. densisu!cata Y ABE and SHI:'IIIZU among* Received June 14. 1962: read al Slsl annual meeting or the society at Kumamoto.
June 2, 1962.

-Hi

448.

Triassic !Jibranchiate Cephalopod

kami massif (SIIIli!IZU and MABUTI. 1940~11\.

At present fossil organisms are fre·quently found from the quarry now being
worked. but at the abandoned quarry it
is difficult to find any organic remains.
However, fortunately the specimen de·scribed in this article was found in thelower part of the quarry at the side ofa small ditch almost covered with vege·
tation. At first it was thought to besome kinds of cylindrical sedimentary
structures, but when it was sectioned
longitudinally and transversally all char·acters as well as the peculiar very faintexternal sculpture led to identifying it
as a dibranchiate cephalopod as des·cribed later.
Before entering into the description of
the dibranchiate cephalopod the writer
expresses his sincere thanks to Professor
1\.otora HATAI of the Institute of Geology
and Paleontology, Tohoku University forkind submittance of the specimen col·lected by him to the writer's study.
Acknowledgements arc also due to l\lr.
1\:imiji KUMAGAI and !VIr. Akio ISIIJKAWA.
both of the same Institute for theirphotographic works and sectioning of
the specimen.
Description of the Coeloidea

Family Belemnitidae de BLAIVILLE
Genus Alraclites GuEMBEL. 1861
Genotype: :'llractites alreolaris Qu::-<sTEDT
Almctites. GtiEMBEL. Gotha. p. 475.
.'llractites. MOJSISO\'IC:S. Ablwndl. d. k.
k. Deol. Reich.~ansl., 10. p. 299.
1886. Atraclites. lVIoJSISOVICs. 11iem. ,>!cad. St.
Petersbourg. scr. 7. T. 33, no. 6. p. 101.
1888. Atractites. HALER. Denkschr. 11kad.
IViss. Wien, /Jd. S.J. p. 3.
1896. lltractites. TouL.\, !Jeitr. Pal. zmd Geol.
Oesf .. Ung. u. des Orients. 1•ol. 10. pt. 4,
p. 185.

1861.
1882.

47

1900. illractiles HYATT. Text-Book of Palao·
nt. in Zittel, t•ol. 1. p. 595.
1902. Alracliles. MoJSISOVIcs. Supp!em. HI..
p. 192.
1905. Alractites. HY 1\TT and SI\IITII. U.S. G. S.
Prof. Paper 40. p. 204.
1907. Atractites. DIE;-.;ER, lllem. Geol. Sun'.
India. Pal. Indica. 1511z ser. no. 2, p. 21.
1920. ,.ttractites. BOLOW-TRUM!\!ER, Fossilium
Catalogues. 1. A11imalia. par. 11. p. 64.

The Genus Atractities resembles Aula·coceras in the shape of phragmocone.
but is distinguishable therefrom by hav·
ing a large rostrum, smooth sides. andlacking lateral or longitudinal furrows.
The phragmocone is divided by several
septa into a number of chambers which
are slightly concave towards the apicalregion. HYATT (1900) mentioned thatthe phragmocone is either smooth orwith fine asymptotic lines, and that thedorsal area is marked with extremely
fine growth-lines, convex toward thefront. But in our specimen there could
not be observed such ornamentation on
the phragmocone.
The rostrum andphragmocone sometimes occur detached.
Therefore. from an only detached speci·
men of the phragmocone it may be mis·taken for some other orthocone. The
rostrum consists of calcareous matter
which invests the conotheca. HYATTand SrviiTH (1905) designated this mate·rial as the calcareous sheath. The trans·verse section of the phragmocone, as
stated by tvlOJSISOVICS, shows either acomplete circle or elliptical shape. In thecase of an elliptical transverse section.
the ventrodorsal diameter is a little
longer than the lateral diameter.
:tv!ost of the species of Atractities havebeen described from the Triassic. andare especially common in the .l\liddle andUpper Triassic, but they haYe also beenreported from the Lias.

}"uji BANDO

48

Atraclites hatai 13A1':DO. n. sp.
Pl. 8. Jigs. 1-6.

The material described in this article
comprises several fragments of the ros·trum. some of which preserve the phrag·mocone. They all belong to a single
species.
Rostrum with sides parallel. nearlystraight. more or less oval in cross·sec·tion. surface retaining faint concentric
undulations; about 160 mm in length,
diameter about 21 x 18 mm in the broadest
part and 17 x 15 mm in the narrowest part :wall thickness about .J mm, inner wallwith layer of calcitic material. Polishedlongitudinal section shows within a rap·
idly tapering internal cone. flaring at
one end and terminating in rather sharp
point at the other. Wall of internal cone.
conotheca, consisting of calcitic layer.
Four rather well defined. posteriorly con·cave, very thin partitions extending fromone wall to the other, situated at middle

to posterior part of cone. Cross section of
specimen under microscope shows moreor less eroded outer wall of calcareousmaterial. whereas that of inner wall with
better defined calcareous prismatic layer
and a small circular siphuncular tube
separated from but near to inner wallof conotheca. Siphuncular tube consist·ing of light brownish colored layer ofcalcium carbonate and almost perfectly
circular in shape.
Length of phragmocone preserved-12 mm in cross-section. 9.5 mm in ventro·
dorsal diameter and 9 mm in lateral dia·meter. Cross-section of phragmocone
not a complete circle: unforlunately.
larger portion of apical region missing.
Angle of divergence 12°30' along ventrodorsal of phragmocone.
Cross-section of phragmoconc shows
conotheca to gradually increase in thick·ness dorsally. Longitudinal section shows
septal space to be considerably larger
than previously known species of Atrac·
tiles.

Explanation of Plate 8

Atractites hatai BANDO. n. sp.
Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.

Side view (natural size).
Side view of same specimen with Fig. I. Surface are ornamented with faint concen·
tric undulations (natural size).
Fig. 3. Longitudinal section showing phragmocone and rostrum (natural size). (P: Phragmocone. R: Rostrum)
Fig. 4. Cross sect ion of the above (natural size). (P: Phragmocone. R: Rostrum)
Fig. 5. Under microscopic view by longitudinal thin section showing phragmocone. rostrum.
and septa. ( x6) (P: Phragmocone, R: Rostrum. Se: Septa)
Fig. 6. Under microscopic view by tangential (ventro-dorsal) thin section showing siphuncle.
phragmocone, rostrum. and conotheca. (X6) (P: Phragmocone. R: l~ostrum. Si:
Siphuncle. C: Conotheca)

From the l~ifu Formation at about one Kilometer northwest of Hamada station along theSenseki Electric Car Line. Shiogama City. Miyagi Prefecture. japan. Lower Ladinian. zone ofProtrachycaas reitzi (BoECI<II). All specimens here illustrated are preserved in the Instituteof Geology and Paleontology, Tohoku Univt·rsity, Sendai. Japan. Coil. cat. no. IGI'S 79170. Col·lection of K. IIAT,\1.

B ANDO :KUMAGAI

Triassic Dibranchiate Cephalopod

photo

Plate 8

Ho.

Triassic lJibranchiate Ceplwlopvd

Remarl?s :-This specimen is referedto the genus Atradites on the basis of
the considerably larger guard, its smoothsurface. no side furrows, and the features of the detachment of the ros·trum and phragmocone. There is nolateral groove in this species as foundon the rostrum as in Aulacoceras. Furthermore, there are no longitudinal ribs
or furrows on the side as in the genera"lnlacocems and Dictyoronites. The situ·
ation of the siphuncle is marginal in thephragmocone as in those genera. Specifically the present specimens seem to beclosely related to Atractiles cylindricus
HAUER* (HAUER. 1888) from the Bosnianl\luschelkalk of Han Bulog in the formof rostrum. in cross-section and the lengthof the phragmocone. but l·IAUEI~'s typespecies shows the divergent angle 9'-10'of the phragmocone.
In the ornamentation of the guard.
Aulacoceras and Dictyocrmilt•s are relatedwith one another in having numerous
longitudinal furrows and ribs. but in!ltractites the features are more similar
to those of Orthoceras than to the above
mentioned genera.
This species also resembles .'1. solidus
S~IITII from North America in the shapeof phragmocone. especially in the diver·gence angle, but is distinguished fromthat species in the form and length of
the rostrum.
The specific name is given in honor ofProfessor Kotora HATAI. who collected
this specimen and encouraged the writerin this study.
Locality, geological formation and age:Lower part of abandoned quarry at about• A.tractites cylindricus has been reported
from the Alps by MoJSISOVIcs (1882), HAu·
ER (1888), MARTELLI (190·1). KRc\US (1914,'16), and from the Himalayas by DIENER(1901).

·19

one Kilometer northwest of Hamada
station along the Senseki Electric Car
Line, Shiogama City, Miyagi Prefecture.
Rifu Formation (Upper Anisic to Lower
Ladinic). Protrachyceras reitzi zone, as·sociated with Protrachyceras reitzi (80ECKH), Jl1onophyllites wengensis (KLIP·
STEt:-:) ... Ptycltites" compressus Y ABE andSHii\liZU, Daonel/a densisulcata Y ABE andSH!i\IIZU, Spirij'erina cf. lilangensis STO·LICZKA, and other species.
Repository :-In the collection of theInstitute of Geology and Paleontology,
Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. IGPS
coli. cat. no. 79170. Coli. K. HATAI, july,
1958.
References
BA:"Do, Y. (1958): On the Discovery and its
Meaning of /'rotrac!tyceras from the Rifu
Formation in the Kitakami Massif. Northeastern Japan. ]. Geo/. Soc. ]apa11. rot. 64.
pp. 3·18-349.
Bl:LOW·TIH.:MMJ-:11, E. von (1920): Ccphalo·
J>Oda dibranchiata, in DIENER. Fossili11111
Catalogl!es. J. Anima/ia. par. 1 7. pp. l-313.
DJE:"'ER, C. (1907): The fauna of the Hirna·
layan Muschelkalk. Himalayan fossils.
.1Jem. Ceo/. Surrey India, Pal. btdica, 1 :5th
ser. vo/. 5. 110. 2, pp. 1-140, pis. 1-17.
GuE~IBEL, C. W. v. (1861):
Geognostische
Beschreibung des bayrischen Alpengebir·
ges und seines Vorlandes. Gotha. p. 475.
HAUER, E. v. (1888): Die Cphalopoden desbosnischen lvluschelkalkes von Han Bulog
bei Sarajevo. /Jenkschr. Alwd. Wiss. Wien,
Ed. 5·1, pp. 1-50. 8 pis.
HYATT. A. (1900): Cephalopoda. Text-Bookof Palaeontology in ZITTEl. translated
and edited by EASTMAN. YO!. 1, p. 595.
HYATT, A. and SMITH. J.P. (1905): The
Triassic Cephalopod Genera of ~orthAmerica. U.S. G. S. Prof. Paper 40, pp.
1-394, pis. 1-85.
KRAUs, R. (1914): Cefalopodi ljusturnoga
vapnenca kraj Gacka u Herccgovini. Glas·nik Zemaljskog Muzeja u Bosni i Harcegovini. tlnzeigcr des Lmulesmuseums f.

50

Yuji. RANDO

Bosnicn und Herzegozcina. MI. 26, p. 3694,11. II ~95-550.
MAIHELLI, A. (1904): Ccfalopodi triassici
di 13oljevici presso Vir nel 1\·'lontcnegro.
Palacmzlogr. Jtalica to!. 10. pp. 75-J.IO.
pis. 5-14 (1-10).
MoJsJsOVIcs. E. v. (1882): Die Cephalopodcn
dcr mediterranen Triasprovinz. llblz. geol.
Reichsanst. Witm. 10. pp. 1-322. pis. 1-94.
- - (1886): Arktische Triasfauncn.
Bcitrage zur palaeontologischen Charakteri·stik der i\rktisch·Pacifischen TriasproYinz. Jlem. t-lcad. Imp. Sci. Nat. St. Petersb ..
7. mi. 33, pp. 1-159. pls. 1-20.
0:-;t'KI. Y. and BAT'DO. Y. (1959):
On theInai Group of the Lower and '.Vliddle
Triassic System. Conlr. fslilu/e Geof. Pat.
Tolwlut Uniu., no. 50. pp. 1-66.
- - and - - (1959) : On Some Triassic Ammonites from the Ri fu Formation. Ibid.,

HamadaRifu
Saragai

pp. 67-80. pls. 1-3.
and MABUTI, S. (1940-41): First
Discovery of Dictyoconiles from the upper
Triassic of the Kitakami Mountainland,
northeast Japan. jubilee Pub. in the Commemoration of Prof. H. YABE Sixtieth
Birthday. 1'01. 2, pp. 919-926, pl. 48.
Sl\11TH. ]. P. (1914): The Middle Triassic
Marine Invertebrate Faunas of North
America. U.S. G. S .. Prof. Paper 83. pp.
l-1·18. pls. 1-9H.
TouLA, F. (1896): Eine 1\Iuschelkalkfauna
am Golfe von Ismid in Kleinasien. Beitr.
z. Geol. wul Pal. Oes/erreich·Unganzs u.
des Orient, Bd. 10. pp. 153-191.
YARE, H. and SHIMIZU. S. (1927): The Triassic Fauna of Rifu near Sendai. Sci.
Rep. Tolwlm Imp. Uniz•., 2nd ser. (Ceo!.)z;of. 11. pp. 101-136, pis. 10-U.
SHI~IIZU, S.

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan .. !\. S .. 1\o. 50. pp. 51-64. pl. 9. June. 10. 1963

H~l.

VERBEEKININAE FROl\1 THE INFERRED UPPER
WOLFCA.l\IPIA~

LfMESTONE IN THE WEST OF
RYOSEKI. KOCH! PREFECTURE*
KUNllllRO ISHIZAKl

Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of
Science, Tohoku Uni versicy

the genera HretJaxina diverged from
Misdlina.
The writer is deeply indebted to Drs.
Enzo KoN'No and Shoshiro HANZAWA.
formerly of the Tohoku University for
their guidance and suggestions during
the course of the present work. Ac·
knowledgements are also extended toProfessor Kotora HATAI for his critical
re:1ding of the manuscript and kind in·struction in the field and the laboratory
throughout the work, and Professor Ki·
yoshi ASANO for his encouragement.

Introduction
In 1960. the writer described the geolo·
gy and tectonics of the Paleozoic rocks
distributed in the area northeast of Kochi City. and recognized eight formations.
In the present paper. brief accounts
are gin~n on the stratigraphy of the
Shingai formation, one of the eight above
mentioned. and of the stratigraphic sue·cessicn of its fusuline fauna discriminated from the limestone which forms
the larger part of the formation there.
Paleontologically. a total of five speciesof fusulinids distributed among the twogenera. Jfise!lina and Brevaxina are de·scribed, and two of them arc considered
to be forms undescribed to the present.
Furthermore. an attempt is made tocompare the species from the present
area with those of other regions both inJapan and Indo-China where extensive
studies on the genera have been made.
and also to conjecture the time when

Synopsis of the Genera Misellina

and Brevaxina
Miselli11a clrmdiae (DEI'RAT) was firstdescribed by DEPRAT (1912) from IndoChina in association with his .. distinct
ouralien" fauna which is said to be
characterized by the assemblage ofPamfusuli11a multisep!ala (SCIIEI.LWIE::\).
Pseu~/ofusuliua complicala (ScHEl.LWIE::\).
Pseudof. tenuissima (SCIIELLWIEN), Pseu·
dof. glubosa (DEPRA T). J>seudof. sulwylin·
drica (DEI'RAT). Misel/ina temzieri tDE·
PRAT). and Mis. mil:or (DEPRAT). etc.

-

* Received June H. 1962; read at 8lsl
meeting of the society at Kumamoto, June.
2. 1962.

51

K11 nihi;·o !SHIZA.l\1

Subsequently. the species has been reported from various horizons of manyother regions in Japan and foreign coun·tries. DEPRAT also, in 1915. reported
many other species of 1\fisellina and Bre·vaxina such as, Brevaxina compressa, J11is.
ova/is, Mis. parvicostata. Mis. termieri,
Mis. minor. and 1l1is. subelliptica fromthe Permian limestone of Cam-mon in
Indo-China. !Jrevaxina compressa andj\tfisellina ova/is occurred in associ at ion
with one another. 1Hisellina pan•icostata
was reported in association with. Scluca·
gerina japonica tGUli!BER) and Pseudofusulina panmwoluta (DEPRAT). etc. Misellina sube!!iptica (DEPRA T) was found by
him from the Permian limestone of Cammon in association with Sc/ucagerina japonica and Mise/tina parvicostata. Briefly
speaking, according to him, the majorityof the species of Mise/lina and Hrewt:rina
were found from the Pseudofusulina zoneor the upper part of the Wolfcampian
to the lower part of the Parafusn!inazone or Artinskian series in current
sense.
In South China, the Mise!lina daudiae
zone which is subjacent to the Para·
fusu/ina multiseptata zone was discriminated in the lower part of the Chihsia
limestone of the Nanking Hills and central and eastern Kwangsi by LEE (1931)
and CHAO (1947).
In Japan, according to OZAwA (1927)
and Tor<IYAl\IA (1958), Misellina claltl/iae
has been l<nown only from the Pseudofusulina ambigua subzone and not fromthe horizon subjacent and superjacent to
it in the Akiyoshi limestone. On thecontrary, in the Kwanto massif, Misellina
daudiae was recorded from a horizon
equivalent to the NeosclzU'agerina zone,
which is represented by Neoscluwgerinamargaritae DEI'RAT and also from a hori·zoo inferred to be lower than that whichyielded Neosclucagerina craticulifera (SCH·

WAGER), and Sclucagerina japollica \GUM·
BER). In Shikoku, according to SuYARI(1961), the Misellina zone occurs above
the Schwagerina zone. and is characterized by the occurrence of BreMxiua sp.,
Misellina iisa!uti (Tot~IYAJ\IA), :His. cfr.
termieri (DEPIV\ T), Mis. sp., and Parafusulina ? sp.
On the other hand. 1\IORIKA WA andlsm.u (l961) reported Misellina ibukiensis
KOBAYASHI from the east of Lake Bi wa.
According to them. the species is common in the Pseudosclucagerina zone which
may be the earliest horizon in Japan so
far as known.
In short. so far as known to date. thegenus Misellina and especially, Mise// ina
daudiae (DEPI~AT) has been reported
from the inferred upper Wolfcampian,from where it ranges to the lower partof the :Veoschwagerina zone in the Tethys
regions. although some authors considered that Miselliua claudiae (DEI'RAT) is
an indicative species restricted to thezone subjacent to the .Veosclumgerinazone or to the upper part of the Wolf·
campian series which is characterized
by the occurrence of Pseudofusulina am·
bigua (DEPI~AT), etc.
Stratigraphic Relationships

The genus Brevaxina was first reported
as a subgenus of .Uise/lina by SCHENCKand TIIOMPSON (1940) on the basis of
DEPRAT's materials of Doliolina rompressa and only one formally named species and Brevaxiua sp. A from Kochi
Prefecture have been known to date.
The writer studied the fusuline fora·
minifers of the Shingai formation as thecontinuation of his previous work tlSIIIZ:\KI, 1960, etc.) and found seyeral formsof Breoaxina and L11isel/ina from the limestone composing the formation.
As already reported by the writer.

-~49.

\ ·e1·beek1:ninae from the Upptr Wolfcampian

judging from the contained fusulinids,
the Shingai formation under consideration comprisc•s strata which range fromthe Wolfcampian to the Socioian or inpart to the Basleoian in age.· The formation is characterized by a synclinal
structure with the axis trending in the
midst of the limestone of the formationin nearly east-west direction. The south·
ern wing of the syncline was studied tomake clear the faunal succession of thefusulinids. the samples of which werecollected horizon by horizon along theroute northwards from Takinoshita. Shi·
rakidani. ~angoku City, Kochi Prefecture \text-fig. 1). The thickness of the1rather widely as seen from the route
map but its thickness is less than apparent because of the synclinal structure
already mentioned.
In this section, the writer deals withthe fusulinid bearing limestone distributed in the lower part of the Shingai
formation. The limestone composing thelower part of the formation under consideration is rich in fusuline foraminifers
although their presen-ation is rather
poor-less mineralization throughout but
the majority of the organisms have been
subjected to secondary deformation andare crushed in many cases-this makes
specific identification often difficult. The
uppermost part of the fossiliferous limestone is of all)ber colour. oolitic in texture and yielded abundantly fusuline
foraminifers as, Brevaxina and !llise/liua
in association with smaller foraminifers
and Sclwberte/la spp .. all of which nre
well preserved.
The fusulinid assemblages discriminated in the fossiliferous limestone areas follows. in downward sequence:
L6:

Brevaxi11a lwtaii ISHI7.AKI, n. sp.

11/isellina aff. ilmkiensis 1\onAYASIII
1lliselli11a cyfi11drica lsAJ7.AJ<r, n. sp.

o,___1_.:.;lO:,::o_--=..:;2oo"

i11iseflina sube!!iptica (DEPR AT)

Text-fig. I. Route map northwards fromTakinoshita, Shirakidani. Nangoku City. The
southern limestone yielded the seYeral fusulinids described in this work.

formation along the route is estimatedto be about 260 meters. The lower partconsists of a 1-lO meters thick non-crystalline whitish grey massive fusulinid
bearing limestone. overlain by the middle
part of about 1·10 meters thick dark grey
to dark blue sandstone which is barrenof micro· and megalo-fossils throughout.
The upper part of the formation consistsof crystalline whitish grey massive limestone from which no fusulinids were
found. This limestone is distributed

58

11liselfina aliciue (DEPI{AT)
Sclmberle/la spp.

L5:
L>!:

Among them, the species of Brez•axina and J-lisellitza will be described.
Very few fragmental specimens ofPseudofusulina spp.
Sclmbertella me/onica Du~BAR andSJ<Di,.ER

cfr. exigua(DYJIRE:->·

Dzmbarinella sp.
Sclwbertella haginoe11sis

fusiformis

Sclumgerina
FURTII)L3:

Sl!YARI

Schuberlel/a ? sp.
Schwagerina cfr.
KAYA)

IIUI!;IW(Rosovs-Kunihiro !SHIZA./\1

54

Rugosojusulina arr. scrrata RAUSER·
CERl'OUSSOVA

Parasclzwagerina? sp.
Triticites spp.
Ll : Pseudoschwagerina? sp.
Triticites sp.
(each numeral corresponds with the ones
given in text-fig. 1)
L2:

So far as field and laboratory studies
are concerned no physical break was
detected betw·een L6 and the horizons
lower than L5. and no fusulinids referable to the genus Parafusuliua or suggestive of the Leonardian could be foundto date. Therefore. it is quite probablethat the horizon which yielded j'vfisellina
and Brevaxina may be equivalent to theupper part of the Wolfcampian or so inage.
Divergence of the Genus Brevaxina

The majority of the previous workers
on fusuline foraminifers have consideredthat the genus Brevaxina evolved fromlllisellina phylogeuetically but no decisive explanations have been given. Virtually, THO~IPSON (19-18) considered it tohave evolved during Guadalupian time.
SUGI (1960) assumed it to have developed
during the time characterized by theflourishing of Parajusulina as indicatedin his phylogenetic tree of the Verbeekininae. although this was not explained
literally.
On the other hand, the information on
the limestone of Cam-mon, Indo-Chinaby DEPRAT (1912, 1915) and the resultsof the present work seem to conflict
seriously with the above stated. That
is to say, the genus Brevaxiua is known
from the inferred upper Wolfcampian
limestone as its earliest occurrence andthe genus illisellina is known from thePseudosclncageriua zone or Wolfcampian
series of different regions. Therefore,

the earliest known occurrences of bothgenera seem to be hardly different.
Therefore, from the known occurrences,
the stratigraphical evidence may not
ft:lly support the opinions expressed bymany previous workers that the genus
Brewxina evolved from Miselli11a.
On the other hand. as well known.
Breva.rina is paleontologically distinguished from i1/isellina by much laterallycompressed shell form and narrower but
higher parachomata. especially in the
median part of the prollle. Misel/ina sttbdliptica (J)EJ'J{AT) which was reported
from C~un-mon in association with Sclzwagerilla japo11ica (Gll'.IBER) holds a position intermediate bet\veen the typical
Brevaxina and .Hisellina morphologically.
That is to say, this species has rather
narrower and higher parachomata in the
median part of the shell. and is moderately laterally compressed, but not sostrongly as in BreiJa:cina compressa.
It is more probable. so far as known
data are concerned. that both genera
which have their first appearance atnearly the same time, developed progressively parallel with one another phylogenetically. judging from the facts
hitherto known of both the genera inquestion it might be suggested that theyshould better not be separated generically in a natural classification of thefusulinids or be treated as two independent taxons in the procedure of zoological classification. The writer assumes
that there are two working hypotheses
under the circumstances stated above as
stated in the following, namely:
1) Both genera were derived from acommon ancester at nearly the same time
but developed as independent taxons.
This suggests that both genera haddifferent processes in their phylogeny.
Therefore. the genus Brevaxina should
not be considered to have diYerged from

449.

Verbeekininae f1·om the Upper Wolfcampian

Miselliua.
2) Both genera were derived from acommon ancester but developed as asingle or in unity in a more natural
ecological classification. As well known.
in taxonomy the paleontological procedure is based upon the bio-morphologicalfeatures of the organisms. From suchreasons as well as from the charactersof the two mentioned genera it is more
likely that JJreoaxina is not an indepen·
dent unit in the natural ecological classification but only in the paleontologicalsense.
The writer recognized that both genera
are intimately related with one anotherin many important bin-characters exceptthat Brevaxina has much more laterallycompressed outer shell form throughout
which suggests that the second men·tioned working hypothesis should be accepted.
Systematic Description

Family Fusulinidae MOLLER. 1878
Subfamily Verkcekininae STAFF
and WEDEKI:'\D. 1910
Genus lvfisellina SCHENCKand THm.II'SO:'\. 1940

Miselliua aliciae (DEPRA T)
PI 9. figs. 1-2.
Doliolina aliciae DEPRAT, 1912, 11Jbn. Serr.
Geol. lmlochine, mi. 1. fasc . .1, pp. ·13-·1·1.
pl. 5, figs. 11-14.

Shell quite small. thickly inflated
ovoidal. with straight axis of coiling.
Lateral slopes convex. poles rather broadly rounded to umbilicated. Shell of five
volutions 0.52 mm in half length and 0.36
mm in half width. giving form ratio of
1.-l-l. First two or a half and two volu-

tions nearly spherical with rounded poles,
axis of coiling nearly at right angle toouter volutions. From subsequent outer
volution to maturity axis extends gradually outwards.
Pro loculus small. almost spherical. withan outside diameter of 0.05·1 mm. Proloculus wall thin. seemingly structureless. consisting of a single homogeneous
dense layer. Shell expands slowly anduniformly throughout. Radius vector offirst ,·olution to maturity 70, 120. 180.
2-W, and 330 microns, respectively.
Spirotheca rather thin. consisting ofan alveolar keriothcca. rather thick upper dense layer (or extension of para·chomata) and thin lower dense layer inparts. Thickness of spirothcca of firstto fifth volutions 4 ?, 7. 10. 8. and 13
microns. respectively.
Parachomata rather distinctly deve·
loped in third to fourth volution; reachto about a half or less of each chamberheight. semi-circular shape with wellrounded tips. But in remaining volutions almost obscure or in rudimentaryform. Counts of parachomata of second
to fourth volutions 7. ll. and 16, respecti\·eJy.
1\t/easurements :-sec Table l.
Remarks :-Only one rather well oriented axial section is examined here.
But the important bio·characters of thepresent species concord with those of
Misellina aliriae which was first reportedby DEPRA T from the limestone of IenSeu·Tong. Yun-Nan, except for that theformer has somewhat larger proloculus
than the latter. The present species isalso somewhat similar with Misellina
termieri (DEI'RA T) in some bio·characters
but differs from the latter in having lessrapid expansion rate of the correspond·ing volutions and less developed para·chomata.
Occurrence :-Abundant in the upper56

1\ unihiro ]SHIZA/\1

part of the limestone which may beequivalent to the upper Wolfcampian orso in age and composing the larger partof the Shingai formation. at about 400
meters north of Takinoshita. Shirakidani. Nangoku City. Kochi Prefecture(Loc. 6). IGPS coli. cat. no. 78878 (specimen 302-1-c).
Associated fauna:- Brevaxiua lwtaii
lSHIZAKI, n. sp., Mise/tina cyli11llriw IsmZAKI, n. sp., Misellina subel/iptica (DEPRAT). Miselfina aff. ilmkiensis KoBA YA ·SHI. and Sclmbm1ella spp.
Misellina rylindrica ISHIZAKI, n. sp.
Pl. 9, figs. 3-5.

Shell small, subquadrate or cylindrical.
with straight axis of coiling. Lateralslopes stoutly convex. poles broadly
rounded throughout. Mature shell of
five volutions 0.54 mm in half length and0.36 mm in half width, giveng form ratioof 1.5. First two or a half and two volutions nearly spherical or somewhat umbilicated, axis of coiling at high angles
to outer volutions. From subsequentouter volution subquadrate and axis becomes to extend gradually outwards.
Polar regions vary from broadly rounded
to somewhat umbilicated in juvenile vo·
lutions to rounded in outer volutions.
Proloculus rather large for genus. almost spherical. with an outside diameterof 80 to 85 microns. averaging 83 microns
for two specimens. Spirotheca of proloculus thin. structureless. consisting of asingle homogeneous dense layer. Thickness of spirotheca of proloculus 65 to
100 microns, averaging 83 microns fortwo specimens. Shell expands slowly
and uniformly in first to penultimate
volutions. and rather rapidly in last volution. Average radius vectors of first
volution to maturity 93. 158. 233, 3-13. and365 microns. respectively.
Spirotheca rather thin, composed ofapparently structureless rather thicklighter layer (but in some parts of sagittal section keriothecal structure observable). thicker upper dense layer (or extension of parachomata), and less thicker
lower dense layer throughout. Average
thickness of spirotheca of first to fifth
volutions 10, 15. 14. 15, and 30 microns,
respectively.
Septa moderately thick, composed of
downward deflection of lower dense layer
and apparent keriotheca. Septa V-shaped,
decreasing in thickness from base to tips
in many cases. but clubbed with somewhat thickened tips in remaining parts;
fundamentally
unfiutedthroughout.
Counts of septa unknown. but seemingly
moderate in number.
Parachomata well dewlopcd throughout except in inner volut ion where almost obscure; reach to about a half toa fourth of each chamber height, semicircular shaped with rat her broadly
rounded tips in median part but rather
conic-like with narrowly pointed tips inlateral slopes. Counts of parachomata
of first to fourth ,·olutions in one axial
section 7?, 11, 15, and 17, respectively.
!Heasurements :·-see Table 2.
Remarlls :-The present species is characterized by the typical cylindrical shellform and rather widely rounded tips ofthe parachomata. There have been de·scribed no species identical with thepresent one to date. Therefore, here. a
new specific name should be proposed
for it. Misellina cyliudrica lSHIZAKI, n.
sp. is somewhat similar to Misellina oz•alis
which was reported by DEPHAT from thePermian limestone of Cam-mon, but differs from the latter in that the former
has more rapid expansion rate of thecorresponding volutions. larger proloculus. wider and distinctly developed

Verbeekitrinae .fmm the U]Jpe~· lVolfcampia.n

449.

57

Table 1. Measurements (in mrn) of Jliselfina aliciae (DEPR AT).
Radius vector
Specimen
2

3

4

5

H.L.

H.W.

F. R.

0. 12

0. 18

0. 24

0.33

0.52

0. 36

1. 44

pro!.
302-1-c

0.051

0.07

Thickness of spirothcca
?

. 004

. 007

. 0!0

. 008

. 013

-----

No. of parachomata

Table 2.

16

II

7

?

Measurements (in mm) of "1liselli11a cylindrica IsHIZAKI, n. sp.
i{adius \'ector

Specimen
prol.

2

3

4

5

H. L.

H. IV.

F.R

. 145
. 170

. 1'~5
. 270

. 255
. 430

. 365

0. 54

0.36

1. 50

-----

302-3-a
302-4-d

. 085
. 100

0.085
0. 080Thickness of spirothecaa02-3-a
302-4-a. 0065. 0100

. 007
. 013

. 015
. 014

. 013
. 015

. 015
. 015

. 030

No. of paracho:nata302-3-a7?

Table 3.

11

1:>

17

l\Ieasurements (in mm) of Jlisellina aff. ibukiensis KoBAYASHI
Radius \'ector

Specimen
302-1-a
302-l-d

I

pro!.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

. 060
. 060

0.06
0.06

0. 10
0. 10

0. 15
0. 16

0. 23
0. 22

0.31
0.30

0. 41
0. ·ll

0.55

. 010
. 010

. 010

0.68

Thickness of spirotheca302-1-a
302-1-d

. 008

,

. 010
. 009

. 010
. 010

. 010
. 010

. 008
. 010

. 008
. 009

No. of septa
302-1-d

7

11

13

18

No. of parachomata
302-1-a

12?

12?

16?

16?

H.L. H.W. F. R.
0.41

1. 65

58

Kunihiro [SHIZ.rlKJ

Table 4.

Measurements (in mm) of J1fiselli11a subelliptica (DEPRAT)
Radius vector

Specimen
3C2-2-a3G2-3-c
31J2-4-c
3C2-5-a3(2-5-b3(2-6-b
3C2-1-b
302-5-c
302-6-a
302-6-c
302-7-a- - -pro I.

2

0. 0600.080
0. 0800. 055. 050 . 120 . 190. 085 . 165 . 265. 070 . 1·10 . 260. 070 . 125 . 190. 105 . 165
0. 70 . 110 . 175. 060 . 115 . 195. 065 . 120 . 175. 035 . 060 . 110. 060 . 085 . 135. 080 . 120 . 220

0.055
0.045
0.030
0.060
0.080

3

4

5

6

. 290
.·HO
. ·120
. 260
. 285
. 240
. 310
. 235
. 175
. 195
. 320

. 460

. 650

. 570
. 400
. 410
. 340
.450
. 3tl5
. 255
. 300
. 440

. 720
. 500
. 530
. 460
. 600
. 115
. 375
. 440

8

. 680

0.69
0. 70
1. 00
0. 98
0. 70
. 840 0. 76

. 600

---

. 535
. 580

Half length302-2-a
302-5-a
302-5-b
302-6-b

0. 110 . 100 . 170 . 260 . 360
0.050 038 . 060 . 110
175. 115 . 195 . 300
0. 0·10 . O.JO . 085 . 115 . 200

. 500
. 270
. 445
. 300

. 690
. 420 . 600 . 810. 600. 420 . 580 . 760---------

Form ratio
302-5-a
302-5-b
302-6-b0.910 0. 54

0.47 0. 58 0.67 0.68 0.84 0.88
l. 09 I 18 1. 06 1. 09 1. 13() 730 0.57 0. 77 0. 66 0.83 0.88 0.91 0. 97 0. 90
Thickness of spirotheca302-2-a
302-3-c
302-4-c
302-5-a
302-5-b
302-6-b
302-1-b
302-5-c
302-6-a
302-6-c
302-7-a

0.015
0. 0080. 0050. 008
0.009
0.009
0.005

. 010
. 015
. 010
. 008
. 009
. 008
. 005
. 010
0. 005 . 005
0.005 . 010
0.008

. 020
. 015
. 010
. 008
. 015
010
. 013
008
. 008
. 018
. 010

?
. 018
. 015
. 013
. 018
. 010
. 010
. 015
. 010
. 015
. 010

. 0::!5
. 013
. 020
. 015
. 015
. 010
. 030
. 020
. 014
. 015
. 013

. 025 . 025
. 025
. 010
. 015
. 015
. 030
. 020
. 025
. 020
.018

. 025
. 020
. 015
. 015
. 035
. 025
. 025
. 025

:\o. of parachomata
302-2-a
302-5-a
302-5-b

8?

10

13

8
8?

13

18?
11
15

22?
19
16

22
?

No. of sepla---- - - - -302-1-b
302-5-c
302-6-a
302-6-c
302-7-a

3

8
?

6

10
?
?

10
10
10
10
11

11
11

13
13
12

15
15

16
17

15

15

15

16

H

H. L. H. W. F. R.

7

. 023
. 025
. 038
. 018

. 023

0.65
0.50
0. 72
0.66
0.62
0.84

1 10
1.40
1. 38
1. 48
1.13
0.90

449.
Table 5.

59

\lerbeekininae from the Upper ll'olfcctmpian

Measurements (in mm) of Brem:ci11a /r.ataii lsHIZ,\1<1, n. sp.
Radius vector

Specimen-----pro I.

1

2

3

4

----

302-•1-a
302-~-b

302-5-d

0.035
0.060
0.030

5

H.L. H.W. F.R.

7

6--------.075 . 105. 060 . 100.035 . 075

.185
. 160
.130

.275 . 360 . .no.220 . 310 . 430.200 .285--

0.48 0. 51------

0.89-

Half length302-·1-a
302-~-b

0.035
0.050

.035 .065.030 .045.105 .190.080 .150

.220

. 340

0.47 0.62 0.58 0.69
0.50 0.45 0.50 0.68 0.71

0.79

.500

Form ratio
302-4-a302-·1-b

1. 00
0.82

Thickness of soirotheca302-4-a
302-4-b
302-5-d

0.008
0.005
?

. 009
.007
.005

. Oll
. 008
.008

. 015
. 010
. 013

.013
.019
.015

. 015
. 015
. 020

.013

.o:w

No. of parachomatalP

302-·1-a
302-4-b

15?

19?

15?
----

No of septa
302-5·-d7711------

parachomata, and somewhat quadrate or
cylindrical shell form with much broadly
rounded poles. The species is also somewhat similar to Misellina iisakai TORIY A:\IA from Tosayama. Kochi Prefecture.
but differs from the latter in the shellforms; the latter is ellipsoidal withrather pointed poles \Vhereas the former
has a subquadrate or cylindrical shellform with much broader polar ends.
Occurrence :-Same as the former. Holo·type. pl. 9. fig. 3, JGPS coli. cat. no. 78879(specimen 302-3-a) and paratype, pl. 9,
fig . .t. IGPS. coli. cat. no. 78880 (specimen
302-4-d).
Associated fauna :-Same as the above.

12

14------------

i\tlisellina aff. ibukiensis KoBAYASHI
Pl. 8, figs. 6-7.
compare with :Jlisellina ibukiens:s Kon.·\Y ,\Sill, 1957, Sci.
Rept., Tokyu Kyoiku Daigaku, Sec. C. t•ol.
5. tlOS. 4/-48. pp. 297-298, pl. I, figs. 20-27.
.llisellina ibukiensis, MoRIKA\\' A and Isol\11.
1961. Ceo/. Surv. ]apatz. Rep/. c\io. 191(.tl. c. X.). pp. 25-26. pl. 21. figs. 1-18.

Shell small. ovoidal. with straight axisof coiling. Lateral slopes distinctly con·\·ex in outer volutions but more straight
and almost at right angle to axis ofcoiling, rather broadly rounded or somewhat umbilicated polar ends. Mature

60

K11nihi1·o JSHIZA.KI

shell of six to seven volutions 0.68 mm
in half lengl h and 0.41 to 0.55 mm in half
width, giving form ratio of 1.65 in adultstage. First two or three volutions nearly spherical or somewhat staffelloid form,
axis of coiling divergent to outer volutions. From subsequent outer volution
axis becomes extended gradually outwards. Polar regions vary from broadly
rounded or almost straight and withhigh angle to axis of coiling in juvenile
Yolutions to rounded or slightly umbilicated in outer volutions.
Proloculus small, almost spherical inshape. with an outside diameter of 60
microns in two specimens. Spirothccaof proloculus thin, apparenlly structureless. consisting of a single thin homogeneous dense layer. Thickness of spirotheca of proloculus 7.5 microns in one
specimen. Shell expands slowly in inner
two volutions and slightly more rapid
but almost uniformly in subsequent outer
volutions. Average radius vectors offirst to seventh volutions for I wo specimens 60. 100. 155. 225. 305, 410, and 550
microns. respectively.
Spirotheca quite thin, its structure
hardly observable in detail in inner twoor three volutions. but seems to be com·posed of a thin alveolar keriotheca.
rather thick upper dense layer (or extension of parachomata) and thin lower
dense layer in subsequent outer volutions. Average thickness of spirothecaof first to seventh volutions for two specimens 9. 10, 10, 9, 8, 10, and 10 microns.
respectively.
Septa essentially unftuted throughout,rather thick at base but thin in the upper
part. composed of downward deflectionof keriotheca at base extending to afourth of height of each chambers andextension of thinner dense deposits inremaining parts. Counts of septa of
second to fifth volutions in one sagillal

section 7. 11. 13. and 18, respectively.
Parachomata developed in rudimentary
form throughout except in first one or
two \·olutions where almost obscure;reach to about one-fifth or one-third ofheight of each volution. conic-like toknoll-shaped with narrowly to widelyrounded tips. Apparent counts of parachomata of second to sixth volutions in
one specimen 12, 12, 16, and 16. respec·tively, although somewhat obscure inmany cases.
l\1easurements :-see Table 3.
RPmarl~s :-The specimen in hand isclosely allied to .Miselfina termieri described by DEPRAT from Cam-mon but
differs from the latter in having more
slender shell form. less developed parachornata throughout shell length. muchsmaller shell. and thinner spirotheca.
The present species is also somewhat
similar to Misellina minor (DEPRA T) but
differs in that the former is somewhat
smaller in shell size and thicker shellform. The species is somewhat similar
to Misellina tosensis (ToJHYAl\IA) in theshell form but differs from the latter inthe more slender shell form of the juYenile volutions. The present species ismost closely allied to Misellina ibulzieusis
described by KoBAYASHI from the Ibukiyama limestone but slight difference isfound between them as, the former has
slightly thinner spirotheca and less deYeloped parachomata. But both may be
identical with one another, and the trifle
difference stated above may be considered to be within specific variation.
Above all. the present species is atypical form characterized by thin spirotheca throughout. less developed parachomata. and small shell size.
Ocwrrence :-Same as the former. IGPS
coli. cat. no. 78878 (specimen 302-1-a. and302-1-d).

_·lssociated fauna :-Same as the above.

449.

Verbeekininae fronL the Upper Wolfcampian

Misellina sube/liptica {DEPRAT)
Pl. 9, figs. 8-18.

Doliolina subelliptica DEPRAT, 1915, J/em. Sen•.
Geol. bzdochine, vo/. -1, [asc. 1, pp. 19-20,
pI. 3, tigs. 5-6.
1\lisellina cfr. termieri Suv ARI. 1962. four.
Gakugei. Tokushima Unit•., Nul. Sci .. !'of.
12, p. 33, pl. 10, figs. 6-8.

Shell moderate in size for genus, stout·
ly inflated fusiform. rather strongly de·pressed laterally, and rather asymmetrical with almost straight axis of coiling. Lateral slopes stoutly convex inouter volutions but more slightly convex
or well rounded in juvenile volutions.
Polar ends broadly rounded in inner few
volutions but somewhat umbilicated inouter volutions. juvenile volutions coilin staffelloid form. Mature shell of fourto eight volutions 0.41 to 0.84 mm in half
width and 0.60 to 1.00 mm in half length,
giving form ratio of 0.90 to 1.48. Aver·age ratio of half length to radius vectorof first to eight volutions in three speci·
mens 0.56. 0.78, 0.81. 0.86, 0.88. 0.97, 0.93,
and 0.93, respectively.
Proloculus small. almost spherical tosomewhat ellipsoidal, with an outside
diameter of 30 to 110 microns. averaging
61 microns in nine specimens. Proloculus
wall seemingly structureless. consistingof a thin homogeneous dense layer: averaging 8 microns thick. Shell expands
slowly in inner two or three volutions
but more rapidly but almost uniformly
from the subsequent outer volution tomaturity. Avenige radius vectors offirst to eighth volution for nine speci·
mens 65. 115. 189, 286, 396. 521, 599. and
840 microns. respectively.
Spirotheca thin, consisting of rather
thick lighter layer (in parts keriothecal
structure seen), upper dense layer, andmuch thinner lower dense layer. Aver·()1

age thickness of spirotheca of first to
eighth volutions for 11 specimens 9. 12,
13, 17. 20. 32, 26, and 23 microns. respec·
lively.
Septa unftuted throughout, rather thickat the base but decreasing in thickness
towards tips: composed of clownw·ard
deflection of keriotheca extending to afifth of height of each chan1ber at baseand thinner dense deposits in remaining
inner parts. Average counts of septa offirst to sixth volutions in five specimens
5. 10, 12, 15. and 16. respectively.
Parachomata
distinctly
developed
throughout except in juvenile one to twovolutions; V -shaped narrower but higher
with narrowly pointed tips in medianpart of profile, reaching to a half to athird of height of each volution. whereas semi-circular with broadly well rounded tips reaching to a half or so of heightof each chamber in remaining parts ofprofile. Average counts of parachomata
of first to sixth vol utions in three speci·
mens 8?. 9. 11. 15, 19, and 22. respectively.
JHeasurements :-see Table •1.
Remarks:- The species in hand deems
to be a form transitional between Misellina and Brevaxina, judging from therather strongly laterally depressed shellform and the developing of the para·chomata in the median part of the profile where the much narrower and higher
parachomata with tips quite narrowly
pointed prevail.
The present specimens coincide with:llisellina subel!iptica from Cam-mon in
many important bio-characters. The
present specimens arc also similar to
J1isellina termieri reported by DEPR1\Tfrom the same region as the above. But
the formers are somewhat more stoutly
inflated fusiform and somewhat laterally
depressed, and asymmetrical in shape,with much more rapid expansion rate of
the corresponding each volution, andKunihiro !SHIZAJ([

G2

possess essentially narrower and higher
parachomata than those of the latter.
Mise/tina termieri reported by SuYAHl
from Tosayama, Kochi Prefecture resem·
bles the present specimens in many bio·characters. and may be identical.
Occurrence :-Same as the former. IGPS
coli. cat. no. 78881 (specimen 302-2-a),78879 t302-3-c). 78880 (302-4-c). 78882(302-5-a). 78882 (302-5-b). 78883 (302-6-b),
78878 (302-1-b), 78882 (302-5-c), 78883(302-6-a). 78883 (302-6-c), and 78884 (3027-a).
A.ssociated fauna :-Same as the above.
Genus Brevaxina SCHEKCK and
THO:\IPSO:--:, 19,10

Braaxina /wtaii ISliiZAKJ. n. sp.
Pl. 9. figs. 19-22

Brcmxina sp. A St'YARI. 1962, four. Galmgei.
Tokushima Cnft• .. Nat. Sci., z>ol. 12. p. 34.
pl. 10, fig. 13.

Shell small, subspherical. strongly de·pressed laterally. with almost straightaxis of coiling. Lateral slopes stoutl~rconvex and well rounded median partwith broadly rounded to rather strongly
umbilicated polar ends. juvenile volutions (inner one to two volutionsl coil in
staffelloicl form, depressed strongly withbroadly rounded or rather strongly um·
bilicat~d polar ends. Axis of coiling\vith smallest diameter throughout. Mature shell of seven volutions 0.,18 mm inhalf length and 051 mm in half width.
giving form ratio of 0.89 in outer volu·tion. Average ratio of half length toradius vector of first to sixth volutions
in two specimens 0.49, · 0.54, 0.54, 0.69.
0.71. and 0.79. respectively.
Proloculus small, almost spherical tosomewhat ellipsoidal, with an outside
diameter of 35 to 60 microns. averaging

43 microns in three specimens. Formratio of proloculus 0.83 to 1.00, averaging
0.92 for two specimens. Proloculus wallseemingly structureless. consisting of athin homogeneous dense layer : averaging 7 microns thick. Shell expands slow·
ly and almost uniformly throughout.
Average radius vectors of first to sixth
volutions for three specimens 57, 93, 158,232. 318. and 120 microns. respectively.
Spirotheca thin, consisting of rather
lighter thick layer (or upper dense layer
as the extension of parachomata), thintectum. and lower dense thinner layer.
Average thickness of spiro theca of firstto sixth volutions for three specimens 7,
10, 13, 16. 17, and 17 microns, respectively.
Septa unftuted throughout. V-shaped,
rather thick in outer volutions; rather
thick at base but decreasing in thickness
toward tips; composed of downward de·flection of keriotheca extending to a fifthof height of each chamber at base andthinner dense deposits in remaining innerparts: rather clubbed and thinner almost
same in thickness throughout length ininner juvenile volutions. Septal countsof first to fifth volutions 7. 7, 11, 12. and
H. respectively.
Parachomata
distinctly
developed
throughout except in juvenile one to two
Yolutions; V ·shaped narrower but higher
with narrowly pointed tips in the medianpart of profile, reaching to a half ormore than a half of chamber height ofeach volution, but somewhat lcnoll·
shaped with rounded tips in lateralslopes. reaching to a third or less thana third of chamber height of each volu·tion. Average counts of parachomata
of third to fifth volutions 13, 15. and 19,
respectively, although counts of themdifficult throughout shell owing to pres·en·ation.
Afeasurements :-see Table 5.
Remarks:- The genus Brel!axiua was449.

Verbeekini·nae from the Upper I·Volfcampia.n

first designated by SCHENCK and THOJ\11'·with only one representative
species, in which the shell is small. sub·spherical, 3nd laterally co:npressed withthe axis of coiling having the smallest
diameter. Consequently. the form ratio
of it is about 0.6. !vloreover, the shell has
much higher and narrower parachomata
which reach almost to more than a halfof chamber height. With those criteria,
the genus can be separated from Mise!·tina. Judging from the many bio·char·acters of the present specimens in hand.
the specimens should be referred to
Brl'vaxina without question, although
they have larger form ratio and smaller
shell than the type-species Brevaxina
compressa (DEPRA T).
The present species is somewhat simi·
lar to Mise/lina sp. described by SUYARI
from I<ochi Prefecture. but differs fromthe latter in having much strongly de·pressed shell form of the juvenile volu·tion. The species more closely resembles
Breoaxina sp. A described by SUYARJ
from Takinoshita. Shirakidani, Kochi
Prefecture, and the only slight difference
found between them is that the latterhas much less form ratio than the former.
although unfortunately, the larger partof the outer \'olution of his materials
arc broken and the details remain un·
known. Nevertheless, both should bereferred to the same species. The spe·
cics described previously as Brem:riua
sp. A was not named. therefore, thewriter, here. proposes a new specificname for them on the basis of the pres·ent specimens in hand.
Occurrence :-Same as the former. Holo·type. IGPS coli. cat. no. 78880 \Specimen
302-,l-bi. paratypes. IGPS. coli. cat. nos.
78880 (specimen 302-l-al. and 78882(specimen 302-5-d).
Associated fauna :--Same as the above.
SON 11940)

63

Reference Cited
CHAO. King-Koo (1947): Stratigraphical de·velopment in Kwangsi. Bull. Geol. Soc.
China, rot. 27. p. 338.
DEI,RAT, J. (1912): Etude Geologique du
Yun-Nan Oriental. Etude des Fusulinides
de Chine et d'lndochine et Classification
des Calcaires
Fusulines. Mem. Serv.
Geo/. !udochine, z.·o/. I. fasc. 3, pp. 1-76;
pis. 9.
- - (1915): Etude des FusulinidCs cit: Chineet d'lndochine et Classification des Calcaires
Fusulines. Les Fusulinictes desCalcaires Carbonift'!riens et Permiens duTonkin. du Laos et du Nord-Annam. Ibid ..
vo/. 4. fasc. 1, pp. 1-30. pis. 1-3.
HuzntoTo, H. (1936): Stratigraphical andPaleontological Studies of the Titibu
System of the 1\wanto·mountainland.
Part 2. Paleontology. Sci. Rept., Tokyo
Bzmrika /Jaigalw, Set:. C, z:o/. I. uo. 2. pp.
29-125. pis. 1-26.
lstliZAt-:t. K. (1960): On the Geology and
Tectonics in the Area Northeast of Kochi
City. Shikoku-On the Unconformable
Relationship between the Upper Paleozoic
and the Lower Cretaceous. ]our. Geol.
Soc. japan. rot. 66. 110. 7 80, pp. 553-565.
KoBAYAsllt. M. (1957): Paleontological Studyof tht· lbukiyarna Limestone. Shiga Pre·
fecture, Central japan. Sci. Rep! .. Tokyo
A'.I'Oiku Daigaku. Sec. C. l'ol. 5. nos. 47-48.
pp. 247-311. pis. 1-10.
LEE. j. S. (1931) : Distribution of the Domi·nant Types of the Fusulinoid Foramini·
fera in lhe Chinese Seas. Bull. Geol. Soc
China. ml. 10. pp. 273-288. pl. I.
- - (1937): Foraminifera from the Donetz
Basin and their Stratigraphical Signi·
ficance. Ibid .. t•ol. lli, pp. 5i-107. pl. 2.
MoRIKAWA, R. and Iso~11. H. (1961): Studies
of Permian Fusulinids in the East of
Lake Biwa, Central japan. Geol. Sun·.
]apau, Rept. No. 191 (A.c.X). pp. 1-:~o.
pis. 1-21.
OzAWA, Y. (1925):
Paleontological andStratigraphil:al Studies on the PermoCarboniferous Limestone of Nagaro. Partaa

Kunihiro !SIIIZAKI
2. Paleontology. ]our. Colt. Sci .. Imp. UnitJ.
Tokyo, 11o/. 45, Art. 6, pp. 1-90, pis. 1-14.
- - (1927): Stratigraphical Studies of theFusulina Limestone of Akasaka, Provinceof Mino. four. Fac. Sci., Imp. Unit•. Tokyo,
sec. 2, L'O/. 2, pt. 3, pp. 121-161, pis. 3-1-45
ScHENCK, II. G. and THo~JPSOl', J\1. L. (1940):
11fisel/ina and !Jrez,axina, New Perm ian
Fusu I in id Foraminifera. ]our. Paleout.,z•o/. 14, 1/o. 6, pp. 584-589.
SHENG, j. C. (1956): Permian Fusulinids from
Liangshan, Hanchung, Southern Shensi.
.-leta Paleonl. Sinica, z·ol . .J, 110. 2, pp. 175227, pis. 1-8.
SUGI. T. (1960): Evolution of the Verbeeki·
ninae. Fossils. no. 1. pp. 29-33.
SuY.>\RI. K. (1961): Geological and Paleonto·
logical Studies in Central and Eastern
Shikoku. Japan. Part 1. Geology. four.
Akiyoshi
Kwanto massif
Lake Biwa
Ryosekif>(ifflij}f!Jll.ll!lMMitP!
frtt:s

Galwgei. Tokusltima U11i1J., Nat. Sci., t'ol.
11' pp. 11-76.
- - (1962) : Geological and PaleontologicalStudies in Central and Eastern Shikoku.
Japan. Part 2. Paleontology. Ibid., 11of. 12.
pp. 1-64. pis. 1-12.
THOMPso:-;. M. L. (19•18): Studies of Ameri·can Fusulinids. Univ. J(mtsas. Paleonl.
Coutr., Protozoa, A.rt. 1, pp. 1-18·1. pis.
1-38.
ToRJYMJA, R. (1945): On Some Fusulinids
from Tosayama, Kochi-ken, Shikoku, witha Xote on the Stratigraphical Range of,\ieoschwagerina. japan. jour. Geoi. Geogr.,
1'0/. 20, pp. 63-82. pis. 16-17.
- - (1958): Geology of Akiyoshi, Part 3.
Fusulinids of Akiyoshi. Mem. Fac. Sci ..
Kyuslw Univ., Ser. D (Geol.). t•ol. 7. pp.
1-26•1, pis. 1-48.
ShingaiShirakidani
Takinoshita
Tosayama

m ili1:
S*.fr
iit/-F±f.£1-lt

Explanation of Plate 9
Figs. 1-2. Mise/lina a/iciae (DEPRAT).
!-Axial section. specimen 302-1-c. IGPS coli. cat. no. 78878, x30.
2-Enlarged figure of the above, x 73. 3
Figs. 3-5. .llisel/ina cyli11drica ISHIZAJ<I, n. sp.
3-Axial section, holotypc specimen 302-3-a. IGPS coli. cat. no. 78879, x30.
4-Sagittal section. specimen 302-·1-d. IGPS coli. cal. no. 78880, x30.
5- Enlarged figure of Lhe above (specimen 302-:3-a), x73. 3.
Figs. 6-7. Mise// ina aft. ibukiensis KouA Y ASH!.
6-Axial sect ion. specimen 302 -L-a, IGPS coli. cat. no. 78878. x:JO.
7-Sagittal section. specimen 302-1-d. IGPS coli. cal. no. 78878, x30.
Figs. 8-18. Misellina sube/liptica (DEPRAT).
8, 9-Axial section. specimen 302-5-a. IGPS coli. cat. no. 78882 and specimen 302-5-b. IGPS
coli. cat. no. 78882, x30.
10-Slighlly oblique axial section, specimen 302-3-c, !GPS coli. cat. no. 78879, x30.
11, 12-Crushcd and ill oriented axial sections. specimen 302-4-c, IGPS coli. cat. no. 78880
and 302-2-a. IGPS coil. cat. no. 78881.
13-18-Sagittal section; 13-specimen 302-5-c (IGPS coli. cat. no. 78882), H-302-6-a (78883).
15-302-1-b (78878). 16-302-6-c (78883). 17-302-6-b (78883). and 18-302-7-a (7888,1). all.
x30.
Figs. 19-22. Brera:rina hataii lsHIZAKI. n. sp.
19-Sagittal sections. specimen 302-5-d. IGPS coil. cat. no. 78882, x30.
20, 21-Axial sections, 302-4-a (78880) and holotype specimen 302-4-b (78880), x30.
22-Enlarged figure of the holotype 302-4-b (IGPS coli. cat. no. 78880). x73. 3.

JSHIZAKI :K UMAGA I

Verbeekininae from the Upper Wolfcampian

pho toPlate 9Trans. Proc. Palacont. Soc. Japan, N. S., ::\o. 50, pp. 65-6\J, pl. 10, June 10, 1963

450.

ON THE GENUS 1lCER WITH DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECU~S*SEIDO ENDO

11 -"7'rJSi..::.'A --c &V:1'frfttii):~L:i~x: 11 -"7'1\&:t u *H'fh'bll)rfr~l:f~.ll!!~tH? fr·jffil.:.f.l·-0~"W:I.:.~Itli"7.>Wi~fi::.:EII)---:>-c:~.Qc .: ll)~i.:::.IH~ 300 flit:> 'J, .:CII)'fl*~ 150 f!IHtft.:E t. L.

-c:fll~'i·~tL"CID7.>o.:CL."C (I) :!cerarcticum r:tJf,·~.:::::~~- (2) Acer protoruJinen•e lt•N'fr

jll:. (3) ...leer micnmtlmm ltll!~J!tll)'fr ~~ •Ii'!lU.di::.Ti~Ti"Ct:>7.>,
ffijllt -ci!Hiif0)1\::rrr~f1

H:~ll)m~a- !~7.>1.:::. (1) Itc. f.l:-? -c :t,; !?ts: ~ ·f.l: (2) ft-1:11)1\::~l~f.l: t. iJI-? t-:.:..:.:.W:iltltfi-c. (3) r:l:Ii.t t ~tlff.t::*:>'i/.lf.l; C.;~:-:> t-:.=lilJilli!k·c~ 7.>

CL~Jl!ij,>:!l\0,~7.>tii)"C~~,c

The genus Acer is one of the mostabundant and common fossil plants in
the Cenozoic formations of japaneseIslands. The fossils and existing speciesof the genus are more than 300 species
in number.
Among the species. about 150 wererecorded by the many authors from the
Tertiary period in the World. In thesefossil species Acer arcficum is one of themost characteristic fossil plants in the
Paleogene formations; and :leer protorufinerre is in the l'vliocene of japan; Jlrer
micmntlmm is in the Pleistocene Shiobara
formation. As already stated in thepalmately lobed leaves of the genus .lwr.
the number of lobes increases with advancing geological ages (E:-;oo. 1935).
Next, in the marginal changes, .-leer
arcticnm is most simple and the apex ofdentation (or serration) is obtuse and not
pointed, while Aar protom}inerve is duplicate serration and the apex of serration is acute. In .-leer micranthum, themarginal serration is more complex andduplicate tE:--;oo, 1934, p. 245, pl. 28, fig.
1; pl. 29. figs. 1, 2; pl. 30, t1g. 5) than
the above species. It seems to me that

:M:'$lt;~ll)~'ikll)~ftft~~t~!J!ill)~ftl.:.

*

~

~

m

these changes of marginal serration are
due to climatic conditions; namely, Acerarcticum grows, probably, at warm temperate. Acer mjinerve, at mild temperate,and Acer micrrmtlmm grows at cold temperate.
Among the 60 species of the principal
forest trees at the Tropical Philippines(WH!TFOIW, 1911), there are none of thespecies, which has the leayes with serrated or serrurated margins, and amongthe 189 species of the trees and shrubsof the Tropical .tvlicronesia (KANEliiRA.
1933), only 10 species have the leaYes
with fine and indistinct serrurated margins. about 5 percent, the other 179 species, about 95 percent, are the leaves
with entire margins, while the 74 speciesof the essential forest trees at cold temperate, Hokkaido (MIYABE and Kuno.
1929-31). only 9 species, about 12 percent,have the leaves of entire margins, and20 species, about 27 percent. have theleaves of duplicate serrations.
.·leer rufinerl!e is now existing in themountains of japanese Islands (Honshu,
Shikoku, Kyushu). Korea and Manchuria.
In the mountains of Central Honshu. it
grows most luxuriantly at an altitudeof lOOO±m (500-1300 m) above sea le,·el,* Rcceiyed June 16, 1962: read June 2, 1962.

6.5

Seido ElllDO

66

while .·lr:er micranthum grows luxuriant·
IY at an altitude of 1500 m (1100-2000 m)
above sea le\·el. and !leer protomfinerve
is quite similar in the features to Acerrufinerve. It may. probably. be a immediate ancestor of AcPr rujinerve S. et
Z. as it will be in detail. afterwards.
In the serrations of the dicotyledonous
leaf margin . .:leer protomfinerre is oneof the most characteristic serration typein the ~Iiocene and in the later age. and
it is very rare in the japanese Paleogene
age.
Such developed serration type may not
be appeared in the Pre· r>.l incene age. l here
are many species. \\'hich have the leavesof such developed serration type;
namely : Betula proloermanni (E:-.:oo.
1955. pl. 28. fig. 4). 8etulrr Ootanii (SIJZU·
1\1, 1961, p. 28. pl. 7, ligs. 5. 6). /Mulamioluminifcra (Hu and CHANEY. 1940, p.
30. pl. 5. figs. 5. 6; pl. 7. figs. 1-3: pl. 9.
fig. 1l. Betula miomaximowicziana (T ANAl,
1962. p. 289. pl. 10. figs. 6. 8), !Mula
maximowicziana (OKUTSLI, 1910, p. 159.
pl. 8. figs. 1. 2; pl. 9. fig. '!: pl. 10. fig.
41 and :ll11s maximozriczii (0KliTSU, 19·10.
p. 158. pl. 10. fig. 3: pl. 12, figs. 2. 3).
etc .. these are the most characteristic
Miocene species. and they are very rarein the Paleogene age of Japanese Islands.

/10.1 degrees and branching few seconda·
rics on outer sides. basal primaries di·verging from the midrib at angles ofabout 60± degrees and branching 4 to 7
secondaries on ourer sides. All seconda·
rics, craspedodrome. Tertiarie:.; percur·
rent between the secondaries and curving
outwards. Areolation thin and polygonal
texture coriaceous.
Remarks :-The present species is oneof the most common and characteristic
plants (NATIIOI{ST. 1888. p. II, pl. 3, fig.
1 ; OISHI and IIUJIOKA 1943, p. 87. pl.
9; l(ONSTA!\TOW, 1914, p, 8. pl. 4. fig.
1: EKDO, 1941. p. 129; ENJJO. 1942. p.
40. pl. 16. fig. II ; pl. 17. fig. 10) in the
Paleogene floras of East Asia. The pres·ent material is quite similar to the spe·
cies from the materials of Alaska (HOI.·
LICK, 1938, p. 133, pl. 77, tig. 1; pl. 79,
figs. 7. 8). Greenland (HEER. 1876, p. 86,
pis. 22-25: 1883. pl. 84, fig. 2) and Spitz·
bergen etc., and the features are quite
identical with the species, and the char·acteristic samaras with the leaves arequite agreeable with the Spitzbergen's
material (HEER, 1877. p. 86. pl. 22. fig. 2).
The species is one of the most abundantand characteristic plants in the Wood·
1rardia zone at Shimizusawa. Yubari·city. Hokkaido. japan.

Descriptions of Species

Samara of .. leer arcticum H~~ER

Acer arcticum BEER

Pl. 10. fig. 4

Pl. 10. fig. 5])escriptiou :-Samara, about 3.5 em. in
length. wing about l.5cm. in maximum
width: gradually narrowed upwards,
outer margin straight, inner more orless rounded : veins about 13 in number
at basal part near seed. veins in outerpart strongly thick. inner part one thin,curving inwards and irregularly branching: seed, acute-angled triangle in shape.
about 6 mm. long. and 4 mm. wide; angle

Description :-Lea\res orbicular in out·
line. length and width ·1 to 5 ern., re·spectively: margins with irregular or
sinuate dentate. apex of dentations ob·luse or rather rounded, truncate orcordate at base: palmately 3-5 nerved.
midrib stout, branching 4 secondaries
diverging from the midrib at angles of4.50.

Un the Genus Ace·r

between the oul:er m:1rgin and contactline of fruits. about 30 degrees.
Remarks:- The present samara is quite
identical with the samaras of /leer arc·
ticum !·lEER which was illustrated anddescribed by HEER (1877. p. 86. pl. 22,
fig. 2) from Cap Lyell. Spitzbergens. As
already stated. the leaves and samaras
from the bank of the river Yubari. Shimizusawa. Yubari-city. Hokkaido, arequite identical with Acer rm:ticum HEER.
Horizou :-Woodwardia formation. lshi·
kari Series. Hokkaido.

:1cer protomjinerre E:-.:llo. n. sp.
Pl. 10. fig. ~Description :-Leaf five lobed. ovate ingeneral outline. length 11 em .. maximum
width 8.5 em .. middle lobe large and prolonged and pointed at apex. margins du·plicate-serrate. apex of serrations sharply
pointed. basal lobes small and indistinct:
base slightly cordate. Texture membranaceous. Petiole stout 3.5 em. in length.
midrib stout and generally straight.
lateral primaries diverging from the
midrib at angles of about 45± degrees.
basal primaries diverging from the
midrib at angles of about 80 ± degrE.'es.
All primaries run to the tip of the lobes.
Secondaries diverging 11 alternate pairs
from the midrib. at angles of about ·15-:degrees, stout and curving upwards:
secondaries from the lateral primaries.
8 on outer side and 5 on upper part of
inner side. somewhat curving upwards:
secondaries from basal primaries 6 or 7.
on outer side. All secondaries. craspedodrome. Tertiaries and areolation. polygonal or quadrangular. thin and indis·
tinct.
Remarks :-The present fossil is quite
similar to some* of the fossile leaves ofArer rujinen•e S. et Z.. which is now

67

exist in japanese Islands (llonshu, Shi·koku and Kyushu). It may be a pro·
genitor of the species. Among our col·lections from the same formation, there
are quite identical leaves and samaras
to the species (ENDO. 1951, p. 53. pl. 8.
figs. 4. 5). From the formation. there
are many occurrences of fossil leaves
and samaras belonged to the genus Acer.
Among them, ;leer Yobei ENDO (ENDO.
1950. p. 13. pl. 3. fig. 7) is a most char·acteristic samara. This samara is quite
identical to some of the samaras ofAcer Osmonti KNOWLTON from the l'vlio·
cene of Latah formation (see jour. Wash·
ington Acad. Sci., Vol. 27. p. 510. fig. l.
1937). Among the samaras. which were
dexribed by many authors as a Acer
Osnumti, it seems to me. that it contains
many different species.
Locality and formation:- Nishizawa.
Akyu-mura, near Sendai. japan. Shira·sawa formation (Miocene).
.-leer micrantlmm S. et Z.
(ENDO, 1934. 1955)

Pl. 10. figs. I. 2

Descriptiou :-Leaves medium size, or·biculate in outline. about 7 em. in length.
and about 6cm. in maximum width. pal·mately quinque-lobate; lobes lanceolate
elliptical or ovate-lanceolate with incised
duplicately serrulated margin. basal lobes
sm:1llest; apex of lobes greatly prolonged
and sharply pointed: base slightly cor·datl'. Texture coriaceous. Petiole long,
slender. about '1 to 6 em. long. Middle
primary rib slender. thin distad. making
with lateral primaries an angle of about
45 degrees. and with basal primaries an• !leer ru;imn·c (Ot<UTSU, 1940, p. Hi•l. pl.
4, figs. I, 2; EN Do. 1951, pl. 40, fig. I) are thesame species to Acer protorufillerr·e.

68angle of about 90 degrees. All primaries
thin, slender and run to the tips of thelobes. Secondaries diverging from the
midrib about 7 subalternate paris atangles of about 50 degrees. Secondaries
from the lateral primary ribs diverging
about 6 alternate pairs at angle of about
40 degrees. Secondaries from the basal
primary ribs thin diverging, about 2 ormore pairs. All secondaries craspedodrome. Tertiary veins and areolation thinand indistinct.
Remarks:-These fossils are quite
identical to the leaves of the existing
species . \cer micrantlmm S. et Z. The
remains are common in the Shiobara
Pleistocene plant beds, generally withcomplex duplicated serrulations of theleaf margin, which the writer believes,is one of the most characteristic featuresof the leaves at the Pleistocene age ofJapanese Islands. Such a highly speci·
alized leaf margins gradually evolved
from a simple entire margin under cer·tain physical conditions, probably low
temperature. seeing that we have a great
number of trees in cold temperate flora.
bearing leaves \Vith such duplicated ser·rulations but almost none is the warm
temperate (ENDO, 193\, 1932, 1935). This

species is now living in the mountainsof Japanese Islands (Honshu, Shikoku,
Kyushu), Korea and tvlanchuria. In themountains of central Honshu, it grows
most luxuriantly at an altitude of 1500±(1100-2000) meters above sea level.
References Cited
Er.:oo, S. (1931): On the relation between
the climatic zones and the leaf marginof dicotyledonous trees. ]our. Geogr. Soc.
Toll,\'0. Vol. 43. pp. 231-321.
- - (1932) : Ibid. (Abstract) japan. jour.
Ceo/. Geogr .. vol. 9. pp. ·l, 5.
- - (193·1) : Some japanese Cenozoic Plants(1). On the Fossil Ar1:r from Siobara
Pleistocene Plant Beds. Ibid.. Vol. 11,
1\'os. 3-4.
- - (1935) : A Pleistocene Flora of japan as
an indicator of climatic condition. jour.
Geol. Soc. fapau. Vol. 43, No. 505, pp.
668-673.
- - (1941): The fossil plants from the
Paleogene formation of the East Asia.
]our. Geol. Soc. japan. Vol . .JS. No. 570,
pp. 129-130- - (1942) : On the Fossil Flora from the
Shulan Coal-Field. !Grin Province and the
Fushun Coal-Field, Fengtien Province.
Bull. Ceut. Nat. Mus. J•!anchoulmo. No. 3.
- - (1950): On the fossil .-leer from Japan.

Explanation of Plate 10
Fig. 1. Acer micranll111111 S. ct Z. (X I)
Lucality: Shiobara formation (Pleistocene), Shiobara, Shioya-gun. Tutigi Prefecture,
Honshu, Japan.
Fig. 2. .tlcer micrantl111111 S. el z. (slightly enlarged)
Locality: same with fig. 1.
Fig. 3. Jker protoru.fhzerre E:-o:oo (n. sp.) (slightly enlarged)
Locality: Shirasawa formation (Upper Miocene), Nishizawa, Natori-gun. l\!iyagi Pre·
fecturc. (Near Sendai city), Honshu. Japan.
Fig. -1. ,\cer arcticum IlEER (Samara, slightly enlarged)
Locality: TVoodwart!ia formation (Eocene). The river bank of the river Yubari:
Shimizusawa. Yubari-city. Ilokkaido, Japan.
Fig. 5. Acer arcticum IIEER (X 1)
Locality: same with fig. 4 (Eocene).

ENDO:On the genus Acer

Plate 10

4.50.

On the Genus Acer

Korea. and South Manchuria. Short Pap.,
l.C.P.S.. 11lo. 1. pp. 11-17.
(1950) : Ibid ..."-lo. 2- - (1951): On the fossil !leer from Japan
Korea and South Manchuria II. Ibid ..
No.3.
(1950): Op. cit .. No. 3. pp. 52-58. pl. 2.
- - (1955) : leones of Fossil Plants fromJapanese Islands.
HEEl~. 0. (1877) : Beitr~ige zur fossi len flora
Spitzbergens. Kogl Sz•ensks Vetenskskademiens Handligar Ba11det 1·1. No. 5.
p. 86. pl. 22. figs. 2c, f.
- - (1883) : Flora Fossilis Grunlandica. p.
126. pl. 9•1, fig. 2.
- - (1883): "Flora Fossils Arctica. Vol. 7.
HoLLICK. A. (1938): The Tertiary Floras of
Alaska. U.S. Geol Sun: .. Prof. Pap. 182.
p. 33. pl. 77, fig. 1: pl. 78, figs. 7, 8.
Hu. H. II. and C11.\1'EY. R. W. (1940): A l\lio·cene Flora from Shantung Province.
China. Carnegie !nsf. Wash. Pub!. No.
507. pp. :JO. 31, pl. 5. figs. 5, 6; pl. 7. figs.
1-3: pl. 9. fig. l.
KAXEIIJRA. R. (1933):
Flora Micronesia 1933.
South Seas Bureau. muter the japa11ese
Jl1a11date.
Koi'-'STA:-;Tow. S. W. (1914): Die Tertiare
Flora des Bielogorjc Ausschlusscs am
Unterlauf des Fl. Bureja. 11-i(>tll. Commllc
Ceo/ .. Noun. Ser., Lim·. 113. p. 8. pl. -1,
tig. l.
MIYABE. K. et KL:oo, Y. (1920-1931): leonesof the essential forest trees of Hokkaido.

Akiho-mura f-J;~N
Nishizawa'ffi iR.
Sim izusawa JWl](iR.

69

Vol. 1, 1920-1923, Vol 2. 1925-1928.
Vol. 3, 1929-1931
NATHORST. A. G. (1888): Zur Fossil en Florajapan's. Palaeont ..4.hhamll .. Bd. 4.
0Kt;Tsu. H. (1940): Fossil Plants from the
Nenosiroisi Plant Bed near Sendai (1).
Saito Ho-ou Kai, 11Ius. Res. Bull. No. I 9.
pp. 153-169. pis. 7-14.
0JSIII. S. and Ht:JIOKA, K. (1943): Studies
on the Cenozioc Plants of Hokkaido andKarahuto. V. Tertiary Acers from Hok·kaido and Karahuto. jour. Fac. Sci .. Hok·kaido Imp. Uniz• .. Ser. 4. J•ot. 7. no. 1. pp.
81-lOI. pis. 9-14.
PA:-;, F. (1902) : Aceracea. In.-!. Engler. Das
P..flanzenreiclt IV. 163.
St;zu~-:I. K. (1961): The Important and Characteristic Pliocene and Miocene Speciesof Plants from the Southern ParL of the
Tohoku District, Japan. Sci. Rep. Fac.
.4rt and Sci .. Fukushima Unil• .. 1Vo. 10.
pp. 38. 39. pl. 7.
T ANAL T. (1962) : Neogene Floral Change
in Japan. jour. Fac. Sci .. Hokkaido Univ ..
Ser. 4. Vol. 11. No. 2.
TA:KAI. T. and SuzUKI. 1'\. (1960): Miocene
ivlaples from Southwestern Hokkaido,
Japan. ]om·. Fac. Sci .. Holdwido. [Jniz• ..
Ser. 4. MI. 10. no. 3. pp. 551-570. pis. 1-9.
WHITFORD, H. N. (1911): The Forest of thePhilippines. Part II, The Principal Forest
Trees. Dept. b1ter. Bur. Forest .. Bull. No.
10. pp. 1-113. pis. 1-103.

Shiobara-Machi },\?;Jli{ll!fShioya-gun
t\;;.f:tlil:
Shirasawa-mura ~iR:f.t

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. japan, N. S.. No. 50, pp. 70-80. p'. 11, June. !(I, 1963

,151.

TWO NEW SPECIES OF I WIS FROlVI THE
CRI-:TACEOUS OF JAPAN*
YOSHIRO UEDA
Geological_ Survey of Japan

r'f:Yi*i!i1 Opis <1)2~f!li: :ll::ooill:H.l:l/.it:Jt!O)~J~Nhf-1.1·1?0) Opis 2~f!f!~1.L!41tL. ;t;,h~-cr~V~U~n·l?ilffH\O)~I?tL-n'¢ Opis 1$t?)5tJH:·Illt'*Lt..:tii HI 7i R~
Assistant Professors Kametoshi KA~l\IE­!{A, Tsugio SHUTO and l'vlr. lkuo OBATA
of the same University for help in various ways.
I am also indebted to Mr. Koji Kr:-;oSHJTA. Mr. Juichi IWAMOTO and Mr. Hicleo Kmo of Japan Petroleum Exploratio;1
Co. Ltd. for their offer of some specimens
which they collected from the Cretaceous
formation in Hokkaido.

Introduction

The purpose of this paper is mainly
to describe two new species of Opis fromthe Cretaceous of Kyushu and Hokkaido,
with some remarks on the definition andthe taxonomic position of the genus.
Genus Opis characteristically occurs
in the Mesozoic of Tethys and Circum
Pacific regions and no species have as
yet been found in the Tertiary rocks.
It is. however, rather rare in the Japa·
nese Mesozoic strata, only four species
having been recorded from the Mesozoic,of which three are jurassic species,
namely Opis (Coelopis) torinosuensis KI·
MURA (1956), Opis (C.) tauourensis TA1\HmA (1959) and Opis (Trigonopis) trigona/is TA:-.IUI~A (1959), and one is Creta·
ceous, that is Opis (Trigonopis) hagino·
ensis AMANO (1957).

Remarks on the genuR Opisand its allied group

Genus Opis was established by DEin 1825 on the basis of Trigo11ia
cardissoides L.UIARCK. According to
1\IU:\IER·CHALMAS (1887, in FISCHER, p.
1019). the generic diagnosis is describedas follows.
"Coquille cordiforme·trigone. convexe,
solide, obliquement can!nee; crochets
tt·es cleves, saillants, recourbcs en a\'ant
ou subspirax lunule large, plus ou moins
deprimee ; bord postcricur coun, surface
presque toujours sill once concentriquement; hord des valves plus ou moins
denticle; charniere portant droite; unelongue dent cardinale etroite, allongee,
saillante. verticale: a gauche: une dent
cardinale anterieure tn!s et une forte
dent Cardinale posterieure saillonnee asa face extreme: dents laterales mulles
FRA:\CE

Acknowledgements

I wish lo express my sincere thanks
to Professor Tatsuro l\1ATSIIMOTO of
Kyushu University for his kindness ofproviding his collections at my disposal.
supervising this study and reading over
the typescript. Thanks are also due toa• Received June 1962; read Apri I 6. 1961.

71)

651.

Opis Ji·om the Cretaceous

ou obsoletes; ligne palleale simple."To quote partly from BIGOT (1895. p.
156), the teeth of the genus is describedas follows.
·· Charniere de Ia valve a (droit) port·
ant une grosse dent cardinale cannelee
sur sa face posterieure ou sur ses deux
faces. Charniere de Ia valve fJ portantdeux dents cardinales divergentes, dont
Ia posterieure est tn~s cteveloppee. q uel·
quefois cannelee sur ses deux faces ou
sur Ia face postcrieure. et l'anterieure
est rudimentaire ou nulle.''Subfamily Opisinae CHAVA:'\ (1952) consists of a number of genera and sub·genera. such as Opis. Trigonopis. Pachy·
opis. Coelopis, Cryptocoelopis, Protopis.
Ileteropis. ilfyoplwricardium. Opisoma. Trigonoastarte and Seebachia. Among theabove. the six genera and subgenera,
Opis, Trigonopis. Pachyopis, Coe/opis, Opisoma and Seebaclzia. commonly occur in
the Cretaceous deposits and here deserve
special treatment.
The criteria to distinguish them aremainly in the shape of the shell, the feature of the lunule and disposition of thehinge teeth. :vru:-:IER·CIIALMAS, BicoT
and ARKELL (1934) hold that the striae
or grooves on the side of the cardinalteeth are the most important characterto separate the subgroups (subgenera or
sections) of the genus Opis. I am agreeable with them. although the biologicalmeaning of the striae may not be perfectly clear.
The definition of the generic and subgeneric diagnosis may be given in thefollowing way :Disposition of the hinge teeth
1. One cardinal tooth in the right valve
and two in the left valve.
genus Opis
1.1. striate on both sides of the cardinal
tooth in the right valve.
subgenus Opis

71

1.2. striate on the posterior side of the
cardinal tooth in the right valve.
subgenus Trigonopis
subgenus Pachyopis
1.3. not striate.
2. Two cardinal teeth in each valve.
2.1. striate on the both sides of the car·d i nal tooth.
genus Opisoma
2.2. not striate.
g(•nus Coelopis
3. One cardinal tooth in the right valve
and a divergent V-sha1)ed cardinal toothin the left valve.
genus Seebachia

From the description by BIGOT (1895).
it is evident that Opis cardissoides. thetype-species of Opis. has one cardinal in
the right valve and two in the left valve.
JVIoreover, the cardinal of the right valve
is very large, erect and striate on bothsides. In the left valve the posteriorcardinal is relatively large and striate
on its anterior side. while the anterior
is small or rudimentary and not striate.
:'VlUNIER-CIIA Ll\IAS (1887) establishedthe two sections. Coe!opis and Trigonopis.
in the genus. Distinction between Coelopis and Trigonopis is clear. The former
has a very large and deeply excarvatedlunule and not striate on the sides of theteeth. The latter has a shallow lunuleand the cardinal tooth of the right valve
is striate on the posterior side.
From the foregoing remarks. Opis (s.s.)
is to be defined as follows.
In shell-form Opis (s.s.) follows thegeneral characters of usually understoodOpis (s.l.). but it has the most diagnostic
feature in the hinge structure. The cardinal tooth in the right valve is verylarge. trigonal, erected and located at theanterior part of the hinge plate. The
tooth is striate on both sides as in Tri·gonians. The left vaiYe has two divergent long cardinal teeth, anterior ofwhich is small. anteriorly inclined andmore or less rudimentary. The posterior
one is large. stout. striate on its anteriorside and located nearly parallel to the72

J"oshi1·o URDA

postero-dorsal margin.
Genus Opisnma was established by STOLICZKA (1871. p. 276) on the basis of Opis
paradox BUVIGEIER. It is characterized
by the following features. "Shell trigonal. much higher than long. with longattenuated slightly incurved and ap·
proached beaks; lunule large and deep:
hinge with the cardinal elongated teeth
in each valve. and a small posterior lateral tooth situated above the posterior
muscular impression. which is only
slightly larger than the anterior one.
both being deeply excavctcd" and" In theform, they perfectly resemble some species of Opis. but the hinge is considerably different, possessing more cardinalteeth than are to be obsep;ed in thatgenus."The description of the type-species of
Opisoma is partly quoted from BICOT(1895. p. 161) in the following lines.
" Plateau cardinal cpais portanLIa
valve cr (droite) une grosse dent cardi·
nal striee sur ses deux faces une dent
antcrieure plus ou moin clcveloppce. <t Ia
valve f3 (guche) une forte dent cardinale
postcrieure strice sur ses deux faces etune dent anterieure. plus ou moin dedeloppee, strice sur sa face posterieure:·
A:\DERSON (1958. p. 122) in describing
Opisoma pacifica says. "In the interiorfeature of the shell, the species departs
farther from the Indian type {Opisnma
lfeinitzimza. figured and described by
STOLICZKA in 1871), having in part more
prominent but shorter teet h. of very unequal size and length: in the right valve.
the anterior tooth is shorter. and more
prominent than in the Indian type. andmore prominent and longer than the posterior in the same valve, the latter being only one-third the length of the for·mer, and it rises to only half the height
the anterior tooth. In the left valve theteeth are also of unequal size. though

their respPctive length and prominence
are reversed ; the posterior tooth greatly
exceeds the anterior in length and pro·minence."
The above quoted A:\DERSON's specificdiagnosis of the interior feature is es·
sentially the same as proceeding BIGOT's
subgeneric diagnosis. I am inclined tobelieve that Opisoma has two cardinalteeth in each valve.

l\h•thod of Measurements
Because the shell outline of Opis is
generally very oblique. the usual methodof measurement is inadequate for expressing the true shape of the shell, I have
employed the following method for themeasurements: (Text-fig. 1):aText-fig. 1.
Height (II): Maximum distance from thetip of the urn bo to the farthest point of
the ventral margin.
Length (L): Maximum distance from theanterior to the posterior margin between
the most produced points.
Thickness (T): Maximum dimension of
the shell measured normal to plane ofcommissure.
Umbonal Angle (UA): .-\ngle between theantero-dorsal margin and the postero-dorsal margin.
Postero-dorsal Angle (PDA) : Angle bet ween the postero-dorsal margin and the4.51.

Opis .{1·om the Cretaceous

posterior margin.
Postero-vcnlral Angle (PV A) : Angle between the posterior and the ventral
margin.
Oblique Angle (OA): Angle between theposterior margin and the line from thetip of the umbo to the postero-ventral
edge.

Systematic description

PELECYPODA
Family Astartidae o'ORBIGNY
Subfamily Opisinae CHA VA:\
Genus OPis DEFRANCE, 1825

Opis (Opis) amalwseusis UEDA, sp. no\".
Pl. II. figs. 1-4, 15Material :-llolotype: GK-H. 6098. rightvalve collected by myself from Loc. K20, the grey silty sandstone of J'vlember
ld, Himenoura group.
Measurement :-Length: 31 mm. height:
44 mm. thickness (1/2}: 13.5 mm, umbonal
angle: 48c. postero-ventral angle: 84 ',postero-dorsal angle: 146°, oblique angle:
22°.
Diagnosis:- The shell is relatively
large for the genus. trigonally sub-quadrilateral in outline. very inequilateral.
equivalve and considerably inflated. The
test is thick. The height of the shellis much larger than the length. The
anterior margin is rounded, passing gradually into the slightly curved ventral
margin : the posterior margin straight.
slightly concave, forming an angle ofabout 84 • with the ventral margin andalso an obtuse angle of about 146"
with the long and straight postero·dorsa\
margin.
The beak is very prominent. orthogyrate or slightly prosogyrate and situatedat one·third the length of the shell fromthe anterior extremity. The umbo isvery prominent and inflated.
A radial ridge, ·which extends from theumbo to the postero-ventral angle. hasa sharp angle of about 37• in section on
the umbonal area and a rounded angleof about no· in section .near the posteroventral margin. The surface is divided
by the radial ridge, of which the posterior one is nearly plane and so abruptly deflected that it is scarcely Yisible
from the side view. although it embraces
about one-third of the total surface ofthe valve. The posterior area is divided
into two parts by an obvious but dullcarina which ends at the postero-dorsal
angle. The outer part of the area isnearly plane and slightly concave, while
its inner part is well defined and depressed forming an escutcheon which
resembles a lunule, but is not so deep
nor so cordate. The umbonal angle isabout 48".
The surface of the shell is ornamented
by closely spaced fine lines of growthand more distant and irregular concentric
undulations.
The hinge plate is heavy, wide and oftrigonal outline and shows the characteristic structure of the genus. In theright valve there are a single very large
trigonal tooth and two smaller and elongated sockets. The cardinal is coarsely
striate at right angle to the hinge plane
on both sides of the tooth. The hingeof the left valve and the inner featureof the shell are not observed. The inner
margin of the shell may be crenulated.
Comparison :-Opisoma geinitiziana SToLICZKA (1871, p. 288, pl. 10, figs. 11. lla.
llb) from the Ootatoor group of South
India and Opisoma pacifica ANDERSON(1958, p. 122, pl. 26, figs. 5. 6} from theUpper Cretaceous of the Pacific Coast of
California, are apparently similar to the74l'oshi-ro UEDA.

present species in general aspects. butthey are distinguished from the present
species in having more cardinal teeth ineach valve. a more curved anterior mar·gin, a straighter and slightly more con·cave ventral margin and larger size.
The present species more or less re·sembles Opis neocomien.~is o'ORI3IGNY,
figured and described by Woon (1906, p.
118, pi 17, figs. 8-12), from the Lower
Greensand of Upware and Seed in Eng·
land. but the former is easily clistin·
guished from the latter in having larger
umbo, a larger size, and irregular con·centric undulations.
Occurrence:- The locality of the de·scribed specimen is K 20, Furukojiro in
Amakusa-Kamishima, Kumamoto Prefec·
ture, Kyushu. It was found in fine sand·stone belonging to t\lember lb of theLower formation of the llimenoura group.
Spt•cimcns
-----

-

HeightI

LengthThe present species is associated with
Inoceramus sp ..
Po!yptychoreras sp., Gaudt)•ceras sp., andPlatycyatlms cf. kmcakamiensis EGUCIII.
\-!ember lb of the Himenoura group is
assigned to the lower part of Upper Ura·kawan, approximately Lower Santonian(see UEDA and FURUKAWA. 1960).
Nue~tla formosa NAGAO,

Opis (Opis) ho/dwidoensis UEDA, sp. nov.
Pl. 11. figs. 5-1'1. 16Materia/:-llolotype: GK-II 6101: Paratypes: G K -1·1 6099, 6100. 6105. and manyother specimens are at hand. They werecollected by T. l\IATSU~IOTO. H. Kmoand J. lw ,uwTo from Loc. KU 1055 and1060. in eastern part of Hokkaido. Their
preservation is good but the shell material is partly removed.
;l{easurements :-Thickness

OA

U.\

PDA

PVA

27. 0
21. 8
250
23.0
220

38°
42°

62•
60'

130'

!15°

90'
110'

34'
34'

61°

65°

130'
130'

92'

..

GK-H 6101
GK-H 6099
GK-H 6100
GK-H 6105
GK-H 6106

37. s
27.0
29.2
30.0
29.0

28. 0

20. 7
23.4
23.0
23.0

Diagnosis :-The shell is of medium tolarge size. trigonal to subquadrate inoutline. inequilateral. cquivalve and very
convex. The test is thick. The heightof the shell is larger than the length.
The anterior margin is rounded. passing
gradually into the moderately curved
ventral margin. The postero·ventral an·
gle is about 90' to uo-. being regularly
curved from the posterior to the ventral
margin: the postero-dorsal angle about
130°, being abruptly curved from theposterior to the postero-dorsal margin.
The umbo is very prominent. appro·
ximated and slender. The beak is in·curved. approximated, slightly prosogy·
rate and situated at about middle of theshell length. The umbonal angle is about
60' to 65'.
A ridge extends from the umbo to thepostero-vcntral angle. It shows a well·defined angle of about 110' in section on
the umbonal area and a rounded and dullangle of about 120' in section near thepostero-ventral margin.
The surface is di,·ided by the radial
ridge, of which the posterior area isfurther divided into t\\·o parts by a distinct and rounded carina ending at thepostero-dorsal angle. The part between

451.

Opis fmm the Crclaceou.s

the ridge and carina is flattened andslighlly concave. The part behind thecarina, escutcheon. is moderately de·pressed.
The lunule is cordate, very deep andbordered by a very elevated and roundedridge.
Surface ornamentation consists ofmany fine lines of growth and more
widely and regularly spaced concentricrings.
The hinge shows the characteristic
structure of the genus. having a single
very large triangular tooth in the rightvalve and two elevated ones in the left
valve, of which the anterior is small.
more or less rudimentary and fused withthe edge of the shell ; the posterior one
is large. stout with obliquely striate
inner surface and located nearly parallelto the postero-dorsal margin. In theright valve. the arrangement of the grooves on both sides of the tooth is very
oblique to the hinge plane.
The inner margin of the shell is crenulated: other inner features are notwell observed.
Comparison :-Opis ueocomiensis D'OR·
RIGNY figured and described by \\rooD
t190•1b, p. 118. pl. 17. figs. 8-12) from theLower Greensand in England, closely
resembles the present species in size.
sculpture and other general feature but
the former is oblique and has a different
form of the posterior margin.
opis g/areosa P. ()E LORIOL and Opis
/iugardiana u'OIW!t;NY figured and de·scribed by P. DE LORIOL (1882, p. 92, pl.
11, figs. 5-10). from the Gault of Cosne
in France. resembles the present species,
but they are distinct from the present
species in having a more slender umbo,a more angular antcro-ventral angle andlarger in height.
Opis rep/eta STOLICZK,\ (1871, p. 288, pl.
10, figs. 9-10), from the Ootatoor group75

in southern India, is smaller than thepresent species and differs from it inevery specific features.
Opis (Trigonopis) haginoensis A~IA!\'0(1957. p. 97, pl. 2. figs. 25, 26), from the
Miyakoan beds near llagino, Kochi Prefecture, closely resembles the present
species in the general feature and thedisposition of the teeth but differs in theform of the ventral margin and the erenutation of the inner margin of the shell.
Opis (Opis) amakusensis n. sp. (sec p.
73 of this paper) from the Lower for·mation of the Himenoura group in Amakusa-kamishima closely resembles thepresent species but it differs from thelatter in having an irregular spaced concentric undulations and grooves on the
cardinal tooth which are perpendicular
to the hinge plate.
Occurrence :-Localities KU 1055 and1060. Ponporoto, I-lamanaka-mura. Akkeshi-gun, in eastern I-Iokkaido. The stratigraphic position is the Lower formationof the so-called Hamanaka formation :The associated species are, according toT.l'viATSUMOTO. Gmubyceras(Vertebrites)
lwyei (FoRBES), Glycymeris shimo11adaensis lCHIKA WA & MAEDA. Rhynchone//a
sp. and Halymeniles sp.. The geologicalage is probably Lower rvlaestrichtian orUpper Campanian.

Syno1)tic list of the Cretaceous species
rearranged by t.he author
Opis DEFRA:'\CE, 1825
Type·species: Opis cardissoides DEFRA:><·cE (Trigonia cardissoides LA:<>!ARC!\) bymonotype, from the jurassic of Germany(DEI'RANCE. 1825, Dictionnaire des Sciences naturelles Conchyliologic. tom. 36,
p. 219. pl. 70, figs, 3a. 3b: pl. 100. fig. I)(Bit;oT, A .. 1895, Sur les Opis. p. 94).
Opis coqttatzdialla o'OR!l!Cl'Y. 1843, p. 54-55,
pl. 257. figs. 7-8.
France. Albian

76

Yoshiro UEDA

Opis gallienuei o'ORDJG:>;Y, 1843. (no description), pl. 257~is. fig. 5.
France.
Opis Ligeriensis D'0RBJG:"Y, 1843. (no description). pl. 257bis.
France.
?
Opis rep/eta STOLICZKA. 1871, p. 288. pl. 10,
figs. 9·-10.
South India, Turonian
Opis t7·iangulata, (CooPER), STA:"T0:-1. 1895.
p. 59.
California. Maestrichtian
Opis rosarioensis A:-JDERSON & HA:>;)';A, 1935,
p. 31. pl. 10, figs. 2, 3.
California. Maestrichtian
Opis rosarioensis, A!';DERSON. 1958. p. 122.
California. Maestrichtian
Opis shasta/is AI'DERSON. 1938. p. 121. pl. 4.
figs. 4-5.
California. Aptian
Opis woodsi COLLJG:"ON. 1939, p. 14. pl. 1. fig.
20. 20a.
Madagascar, Turonian
Opis (Opis) neocomie11sis D'0RBIG:"Y. 18·13. p.
51-52. pl. 253. figs. 1-5.
France, Neocomian
Opis (Opis) Jzugardimza o'OHBIG:"Y. 1843. p.
52-53. pl. 253. figs. 6-·8.
France. Albian
Opis (Opis) sabaudiana D'0RBJGNY, 1843. p.
53-5•1, pl. 254, figs. 1-3; pl. 257. figs. 4-6.
France. Albian
Opis (Opis) elega11s o'ORBJGNY. 1843, p. 55-56.
pl. 254, figs. 4-9.
France. Turonian
Opis (Opis) glareosa LoR IOL, 1882. p. 92-9•1. pl.
11. figs. 5-10.
France. Albian
Opis (Opis) Jmgardirma D'0HBJGNY. LoRJOL.
1882. pl. 11. figs. 11-12.
France. Albian
Opis (Opis) califomica ST.\NTON. 1895. p. 5859, pl. 7. figs. 1-4. Californica. Neocomian
Opis (Opis) neocomiensis WooDs, 1904, p. 118119. pl. 17. figs. 8-12.
England. Aptian
Opis (Opis) lwldoneusis WooDs. 1904. p. 119120. pl. 18. figs. la-b.
England. Cenomanian
Opis (Opis) bruni Coss~IAN, 1916. p. H3. pl.
17. fig. 1.
France. Aptian
Opis (Trigonopis) Mul'IER·CHALMAS, 1887, in
FISCHER. p. 1019, pl. 19. fig. 24.
Type.species: Opis lunulata MILLE I~?Opis (Trigonopis ?) haginoeusis A:o.IA:"'O, 1957,
p. 97, pl. 2. figs. 25. 26.
Japan, Albian
Opis (Trigmzopis) dubisiensis PICTET et CAM·PICHE, 1864, in GILJ.Jo:T, 1925, p. 108. pl. 2.
fig. 16.
France. Neocom ian
Opis (Pachyopis) BIGOT, 1894
Type-species: Opis ponderosa DEsLOKG-CHA:O.lPS. Bajocien.
Coelopis MuNJER-Cl"ALMAS. 1887. in FrsCHER.
p. 1019.
Type-species: Opis lunulata SO\\'ERBY
Bajocien
Coelopis Lorioli PICTET et CA:-.JI'ETJCHE, 1864.
in GiLLET, 1925. p. 108. fig. 67.
France. Neocomian
Coelopis Isarae GR.<\S, 1852. in GiLLET, 1925,
p. 108, fig. 67.
France, Neocomian
Qpisoma STOLICZKA, 1870
Type-species: Opis paradox BuvJG:>;IER
Oxfordian
Opisoma genitzimza STOLICZKA, 1870, p. 288.
pl. 10, figs. lla-c.
Soulh India, Albian
Opisoma paci_fica ANDERSON, 1958, pp. 122-123.
pl. 26. figs. 5. 6.
California. Maestrichtian
Opisoma vanc01werensis (WHIT!' AVES) ANDER·
so:-<, 1958, p. 123.
California, Senonian
Opisoma t•ancouverensis ·wunEAVES. p. 158,
pl. 18. fig. 4, 4a.
California. Senonian

References
A:-.JANO, M. (1957) : The Lower Cretaceous
Fauna from Hagino in southern Shikoku.
Japan. Kumamoto Jour. Sci .. Ser. B .. Sec.
I. Geol .. vol. 2. pp. 77-113. pis. 1-2.
ANDERSON. F. M. (1938): Lower Cretaceous
Deposits in California and Oregon. Geol.
Soc. America, Special Paper. No. 16, p ..
includ .. pis. 1-83.
- - (1958): Upper Cretaceous of the Pacificcoast. Geol. Soc. America. Jlemoir 71,
378 p., includ .. pis. 1-75.
ARK ELL. W.]. (1934): A Monograph of thel3ritish Corallian Lamellibranchia, Pt. VI.
Palemztographical Society. London. 1932.
pp. 229-276, pis. 29-36.
BIGOT. A. (1895): Memoire sur les Opis,
Faune Jurass de Normandie. Jlem. Soc.
Limzeenee Normandie, Tom. 18. 2e fasc ..
pp. 155-191. pis. 10-11.
CJJAVAN, A. (1952): l'vielanges Palcontologiques. Ill et IV. Caltiet•s Geol. Tlloiry, N"
15, pp. 123-128.
Cossl\IAN. M. (1916): Lcs Coquilles des Cal·
caires D'Orgon. Bull. Soc. Geol. Fnmce.

451.

Opis from the C?·etaceous

4 Seril•, Tom. 16. pp. 336-431, pl. 10-17.
FJsCHEII, J>. (1880-1887): Manuel de Conchyliologic et de Paleontologic Conchyliologique, pp. 1369. pis. 24 (Paris).
GILLET. S. (1924-25): Etudes sur les lamel·
librachcs neocomiens. J1Jemoires Soc. Geol.
France. Neuve/le Serie. Tom. 8, lllem. N".
3. pp. 1-224. pis. 1-2 (1924): pp. 225-339,
maps 1-2 (1925).
KJ~JURA, T. (1956): Some Pelecypods fromthe Upper jurassic Torinosu Group in
Kochi Prefecture. Japan. four. F:arth Sci ..
Nagoya U11i11., Vol. 4. No. 2, pp. 80-90,
pl. 1.
LoR 101., P. (1882): Etudes sur Ia Fauna desCouches du Gault de Cosnc (Nievre).
Mem. Soc. Pat. Suisse, Tom. 9. pp. 1-118.
pis. 1-13.
OJWIGNY, A. d' (18-13-'17): Description desMollusqus et Rayonncs Fossiles, Pat.
Franc. Terr. Cret., Tom. 8 (Lamellibran·dzia). J>p. 1-807. pis. 237-270, 2-12:.;,, 257bis,
266'>is ( 1943) : pis. 271-·189, 283bh (184·1-1847).
STA:-lTO:-<. T. W. (1895): Contributions to theCretaceous Paleontology of Pacific Coast,
The fauna of the Knox vi lie Beds. U.S.
Geol. Surv .. Bull. 133, pp. 1-132, incl. pis.
1-20.
STEPIIE:"so:-.~. L. W. (1952):
Larger Invertebrate Fossils of the Woodbine Formation (Cenomanian) of Texas. U.S. Geof.

Akkcshi-gun
Amakusa-Kamishima
Furukojiro

w. w. ms
:R~l:Ji&lr fill ft

77Sun•., Prof. Paper, ]\lo. 2·12. pp. 1-226. pis.
8-59.
SToJ.ICZKA, F. (1871): Cretaceous fauna ofsouth India, vol. 3. Paleontologia l11dica.
Pis. 1-4. pp. 1-222. pis. 1-12 (1870); Pts.
5-8. pp. 223-409, pis. 23-28 (March. 1871);
Pts. 9-13, pp. •109-537. pis. 2-l-50 (Aug.
1871).
TA~IURA, M. (1959): Some pelecypods fromthe Upper Jurassic Sakamoto formationin Central Kyushu. japan. Tratzs. Proc.
J>alem1t. Soc. fapau, N. S., No. 35, pp. 113120. pl. 12.
UEDA, Y. and FuRUKAWA. N. (1960): On the
Himenoura group of Amakusa-kamishima
and adjacent islets. Kumamoto Prefecture. Sd. Rep. Fac. Sci .. J(mslw Unit• ..
Geol. Vol. 5, No. 1, p. 14-35 (in japanesewith English abstract).
WARING. C. A. (1917):
Stratigraphic andfauna relations of the l\Iartinez to the
Chico and Tejon of southern California.
Proc. Califomia :lead. Sr:i .. 41/z St·r.. Vol.
7, No. 4, pp. 41-134. pis. 7-16.
W111TEAVES, ]. F. (1879): Mcsozois Fossils.
Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 93-190, pis. 11-20.
WooDs. H. (1906): A Monograph of theCretaceous lamellibranchia of England.
vol. 2, pl. 3. Pinnidae. Astartidae. Cardit idae, Crassatell i Lidae, and Cyprinidae.
Paleontographical Society, umdon. 1906.
pp. 97-132, pis. 12-18.

HaginoHamanakamura
Ponporoto

foX !llf~..PH'~lJI.!f:p

78

Yoshiro UEJJA

Explanation of Plate 11
Figs. 1-'1. 15. Opis (Opis) amakusensis VEDA. sp. no\·.
1. Exterior of a right valve, x l
2. Anterior side view, X I
3. Interior side view, xI'I. Posterior side view. xI
15. Showing the hinge character, x3 of a Hololype. GK-II 6098, from Loc. K 20. Ama·
kusa·kamishima, Kyushu, Japan.
Figs. 5-1·1. 16. Opis (Opis) holllwidoeusis VEDA, sp. nov.
5. Exterior of a left valve. x l
6. Anterior side view, x l
7. Posterior side view, X I
8. Exterior of a right valve. X l of a Holotype. GK-II 6101.
9. Exterior of a left vah·e, X I
10. Anterior side view, xI
11. Posterior side view. X I
12. Exterior of a right valve, X 1 of a Paratype, GK-II 6099.
13. Posterior side view, X l
14. Exterior of a right vah·e. X 1 of GK-H 6105.
16. Showing the hinge character. x3 of GK-H 6100.
All from Loc. Ku 1055, 1060. llamanaka·mura. Kushiro Province. Ilokkaido, Japan

UEDA:

Opis from the Cretaceous

Plate 11

3

5

12

UEKI

photo

I

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m85 rm M *.l1!! ft ~HE
CJII ~):A:IV.JfrtLz

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Evolution) :.:.nt:-t;:.-;,-:/.¥:.:'7..1..

(Ontogeny andc!!titS A. n71l:A:1" tt:*~fl~ . m-!fi;~!JJ)$JJne::lf.-ff!-t ~Ali !f. ~j 1.:. -t:~ti.'iL~t!t;lf;A )1; "C'J!!~Ir~ itt.: '-''oNews
Tenth International Botanical Congress I± Edinburgh "(' 1964 .ij: 8 .FJ 3 A J: I) 12 S l::bt.:.., "'(IJtj{fl!
~no • .:. q)S,:ili\l.:li trllrJ~~OO{,f,"C'Iii:.t~ f.~fL~fr ~U:!I!f71-~111tt.l':fifLbhoo

Nomenclature.
Palaeobotany (1. Earliest records of plant life. 2. The evolution of seeds and ovules. 3.
Evolutionary trends in Triassic and jurassic lloras in N. and S. hemispheres. 4. Palaeoecology and plant geography. Tl'rtiary. Quaternary, 5. General palynology, 6. Morpho·
logy of Mesozoic. Carboniferous and pre-Carboniferous vascular pl;ants.)
General Systematics.
Taxonomy and Evolution (The Quaternary glaciation and the evolution of the northtemperate flora: Evolutionary trends and convergence etc .. )Plant Sociology and Phytogeography, etc.

!Iff jj- ~ ilit- (S. 6) Palaeobotany-Quaternary, (S. 7) PalaC'obotany-Scottish Palaeozoics, etc .
.ill! 1./i ;\\; !;!:, The Secretary (Executive Com rnittee). X International Botanical Congress. 5 II ope
Park Square, Edinburgh 8, Scotland.

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