~--------

a -lt~~±1W~~•*·!c.f
Transactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New SeriesNo. 16

Palaeontological Society of Japan
December 15, 1954

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
255. Foraminifera from the Sugota Formation, Akita Prefecture, Japan ......
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Saburo lwAsA and Yoshiki KIKUCHI 183
256.

Notes on Some Tertiary Plants from Tyosen (Korea). IV ................. .
.. . .. . ... .. . .. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . ... ... ... ... ... .. . .. . ... ... .... ... ... ... Kazuo HuzioKA 195

257. A Si11ospirijer-Faunule from the Abukuma Plateau, Northeast Japan,
in Comparison with the So-Called Upper Devonian Brachiopod Faunuleof the Kitakami Mountains ......... Ichiro HAYASAKA and Masao MINATo 201
PROCEEDINGS ........................................................................................ .. 212
Systematic Index ................................................................................ . 214
216

Index of Fossils

President:

Hisakatsu Y ABECouncillors:

Kiyoshi AsAr-;o, Riuji ENDo (Business and Accountant), Seido

ENDO, Haruyoshi FuJIMOTo,

Shoshiro

HANZAWA, Ichiro

HAYASAKA,

Nobuo lKEBE, Teiichi KoBAYASHI (Editor), Jiro MAKIYAMA, Tatsuro
MATSUMoTo, Tsuneteru OINoMIKAoo . (Publication), Tokio SHIKAMA,
Koiti SuzuKI, Fuyuji TAKAI (General Affairs), Hisakatsu YABF..

All Communications relating to this Journal should be addressed to the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 16, pp. 183-194, 8 text.figS., Dec. 15, 1954

255. FORAMINIFERA FROM THE SUGOTA FORMATION,AKITA PREFECTURE, JAPAN.*
SABURO IW ASA and YOSHIKI KIKUCHI
Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Tohoku University;.$:ill: Jti l: fl/ti', $ Q) !p rn1 '0 ill ~Ji: fiK~;(!i T g ~l\tfii ~ ;;: -g- t-1:: Q) ;;'P.ilirr;t!f! 'Oi!l!U.ll Hli 1.: teo ~llf.tfl:fifL.!lHt7iilF l:t Miogypsina.
Opcrculina 1-::'f*-::>'t'@.lliTo'J'~'Hftl.!l!.{tfillfK~~<:~!l'.lL<:~t·o:D:. 7-" 9 tl~taii/jt¥Jt!1.1;.!('0II1~Wf'O:fifl.!l!.{t:{ir.f.KQ[!l'.l L tc ~,;«- t J;. ( ~ A./''C'v• o 0 -*I!V:D· b ilt&f. Desmostylus :>.HH! ~ 11- 'k.:. l:r.: l: lJ. -1:: 'O~fl:;l;t Luisian (Vindovonian) l: ~X. btl. o o~i!f.lllfifL!ll ft:Ur.f.tJ> b '0 7 ;lnfll! c. f.i~lJ,HYtltliH!I;*ptfU:t'O fllfl·lRil· b Q) 1 ~flli 3: iir}~ L k c•~kal I!.H!il\t:lll ~~ Q;>:fifl.!l!.{t:fiaf:;tL. o {f1L.'.it1t1:ir.f.tt: l'iif9.:1..-,!t'H!i2M · dfJil!! n. fit

undertaken field work from both stratigraphic and paleontological view tomake clear the paleoecology and conditions under which the formation was
deposited.
Before proceeding we wish to offer
our appreciation to Professor Shoshiro
HAI"ZA w A and Professor Kiyoshi AsAI"oof the Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Tohoku University, for their continued encouragement and valuable suggestions. Acknowledgement is also due
to Professor Kotora HATAI of the Department of Geology, College of Education, Tohoku University, for his opinionand discussions.

Introduction

In this article the writers discuss anddescribe the foraminiferal fauna collectedfrom the middle Miocene Sugota formation distributed in the Dewa Hills between Yokote and Honj6 basins in Akita
Prefecture.
The stratigraphy of the said area
was first undertaken by K. MuRAYAMA(1934), who treated all of the rocks
below the siliceous or hard shales as
the Takasegawa Green Tuff bed, thereby
including several lithologic units into asingle complex. Subsequently, Y. 0TUKA(1936), who also studied the same area,
recognized that the marine fossiliferous
sediments coming conformably below
the siliceous or hard shales and lying
above a volcanic complex should betaken as a distinct stratigraphic unit,
to which he proposed the name of
Sugota formation. Recently, I. KATO
(1949) and A. HATAKEYAMA (1954) pub·lished their results of geological survey
in the same area, and the writers have

Stratigraphic Consideration

The Sugota formation is a sedimentary
facies underlying the hard or siliceous
shales equivalent to the Onnagawa formation of Oga Peninsula, Akita Prefecture, and is estimated to have a thickness of 20Q-150 meters.
The formation conformably overlies
the volcanic complex of lava flows andagglomerates of hypersthene-andesite,
and green colored tuffs.

* Read June 26, 1954; received July 24, 195:1.
183

Saburo IWASA and Yoshiki KIKUCIII184

The lower half of the Sugota formation begins with boulder conglomerate
at the base, succeeded upwards withcross-bedded agglomeratic sandstone interbedding several lenses of conglomerate and locally intercalating siltstonelayers in which silicified drift woods,
lignite seams and plant fossils areembedded. The fossil flora is characterized with Lt"quidambar formosana
HAl'>cE,
Ficus tiliaefolia HEER andPterocarya denticulata HEER.
The upper half of the Sugota consists
chiefly of bluish gray colored medium
to fine-grained sandstone locally intercalating conglomerate.
The middle part of this sandstone corresponds to the Pecten- Terebratulina bed{)f S. NoMt:RA and K. 1-l:\TAI (1936l,
having as the name suggests, abundantremains of molluscs and brachiopods.
From this horizon, S. Nol\mRA and K.
HAT.-\1 (1936) reported; Calyptraea tu-

bura 0Tt:KA, Cardita siogamaensis (No:>.IURA), Chlamys kmzeharai (YoKoYAMA),·Glycyme1·is vestitoides No?-.wr~A. Phaxus
izumoensis (YoKoYAMA), Dosinia kaneharai YoKoYAMA, Ostrea gravitesta
Y OIWY AMA, Patinopectett kimurai (Y OKOYAJ\IA), Placopecten akil10e11sis (MATSU·
MOTO ), Shiclziheia yolloyamai (NoMuRA
and HATAI), Terebratalia temeis (HAYASAI<A), and Turritella s-hataii NoMURA.
The sponge known as Aphrocalistes sp.,also occurs

inas~ociation

with thePecten- Terebratulina bed.
Foraminiferal fossils are seemingly
restricted to a single horizon, being
always found only in the upper p~rt of
the formation where megafossils do notoccur. The only exception is in the
Yazawagi area where the foraminifers
occur in association with the molluscs.
The foraminifers collected from theSugota formation are from the following
localities ;Ak-15. Cliff 150 meters east of Agenosawa.
Kamikawa-()uchi-mura, Yuri-gun.
Ak-16. Road side cutting 200 meters east Of
Kohabiro. ditto.
Ak-17. Cliff 300 meters northeast of Habiro,
ditto.
Ak-18. Road side cu:ting 750 meters south ofHabano, Tomae-mura, Yuri·gun.
Ak-19. Cliff 500 meters fro·n south of valley
southwest of Tashiro, ditto.
Ak-20. Road side cutting 750 meters west of
Nashinoki·toge, Tashiro-mura, Ogachi-gun.
Ak-21. Cliff 400 meters north of locality numbt>r Ak-20. ditto.
Ak-22. Cliff 500 meters south of Kinez3ka,
Yazawagi-mura, Hiraga-gun.
Pee tell· Tcrebratulina bed.
Ak-23. Cliff ·100 meters north of T:1kinoue,
ditto. Pecll!ll· Terebratuliua bed.
Ak-2-t Cliff 800 meters north of Takinoue.
ditto. Pecten· Terebratulina bed.
Ak-25. Road side cutting 700 meters south ofKura. Shimog6-mura, Yuri-gun.
Ak-26. Cliff 500 meters east of Katsuradai,ditto.
Ak-27. Cliff 200 meters west of locality number Ak-26. ditto.
Ak-28. Southern cliff of the Ukibuta Primary
School. Ukibuta, ditto.
Ak-29. Cliff 1500 meters northwest of thePrimary School, Ukibuta, ditto.
Ak-30. Road side cutting 800 meters north of
Uenos:~to, ditto.
Ak-31. Cliff 100 meter:> north of locality number Ak-30. ditto.

Faunal Characteristics andPaleoecology
The foraminiferal fauna of the Sugota
formation consists of 149 species andsubspecies (Table I) belonging to 57
genera and 14 families, excluding thepelagic forms. Of these species 7 areconsidered to be new.
The family Lagenidae is represented
by the largest number of genera, species
and individuals, occupying about onethird of the fauna. Of the other famil-

185

Foraminifera from the Sugota Formation; Akita Prefecture, Jap:mTable L----Species

Localites-------< <- <- < - <
..>:

..>:

3

6

I

..>:

Gaudryi11a ishikiensis ASANO.
G. cf. oga ASA!\0
Martinoltiella communis......

t-

~

1.()
I

--

Foraminifera from the Sugota Formation

<

6

0

00

C))

I

~

,:.::

......

1:'1

I

<

<';-1
,:.::

I

,:.::

<

2

1.()
('.1

I

..>:

Pecten- Terebratulina Bed
co
('.1

t-

00

0

C))
('.1

"i'

1:'1

<f. I <:'lI gjI ..>:I..>: ..>:< < < :-.:: < < < < <
I

,:.::

('.1

I

..>:

('.1

I

,:.::

M

I

..>:

..>:

6

1

('.1

I

,:.::

37

2

5

(o'ORBIGNY) . . . . . .. ' .' .. ... ...

5

2

Textulario abbreviata
n'ORB!GNY ..

1

T. lythostro/a ScHWAGER ...
Siphotex/ularia cf. miocenica

1
1

1

5

2

CusHMAN & Toon

Quinqueloculina sp.
Miliolinella cf. circularis

6

1

2

11

49

1

6

1

(BORNEMAN) ................

Sigmoilina schlumbergeri
SILVESTRI ..........
2
Triloculina lricarinata
D'0RBIGNY ......
T. trigonula (LAMARCK} .....
1
2
Robulus cf. becki RAU .........
R. calcar (LINNAEUS) ......... 4 32
1
R. dePress us As ANO ............
I
R. etigoensis ASANO
1
R. himiensis CHIJI &NAKASEKO ...... . . . .. . ... .

1

1
1
1

2
3

2

8

2

5

2

4

1 11
1

2
2
2 2
20 17 20

1

R. iotus (CUSHMAN) ...
R. lucidtiS (CUSHMAN) ......
R. miyagiensis AsANO ......
R. cf. no/oensis ASANO ...
R. pseudoro/ulatus ASANO ...
R. sagamiensis ASANO ......
R. sugolaensis Iw ASA &

1

1

5

2

6

1

1

2

2

3

5
11

4

2

KIKUCHI, n. sp. .. .............

1

5
2
2

1

Lenticulina huziokai lWASA
2& KIKUCHI, n. sp .............

L. moniwaensis AsANO .........
Planularia japonica ASANO ...
Margitmlina awleala
NEUGEBOREN ..................

M. cf. dubio NEUGEBOREN ...
M. glabra n'ORBIGNY
M. cf. masudai As A No .........
M. sendaiemis ASANO
Dentalina communis
o'ORBIGNY ....

1

2
1

I

1

1

8

4

6

2

1

1
1

4

4

1

3
1

1

1

1

4

5

1

l

186

Saburo lWAsA and Yoshiki KIKUCHI
lf)

.....
D. emaciota R~vss ...............
D. insecta (SCHWAGER) ......
D. subsolula (Cusm.tAN) ......
D. tauricornis (8CHWAGER) ...
Nodosaria deceptoria
ScHWAGER ...
N. /ongiscala D'ORBJGNY
N. Pyrula o'ORBIGNY .........
N. roplzanus (LINNAEUS) ...
N. vertebralis (BATSCII) ......
Lagenonodosario fukusl:imaensis ASANO .....................
L. holoserica (SCHWAGER) ...
L. scalaris (BATScH) ............
L. sealoris sagamiensis ASA!SOL. sp ..................................
Pseudoglandulina laevi gala
( o'ORBIG :\Y)··················

<0
.....

1'-

14
3
1

2
1

6

4

4

1
2

<0

N

5
1
1

1'C'l

~

0'>
N

0
M

~I "'N

M
C'l

..,.
C'l

3

2

1

2 10

1

3

1

58

1

1

2
1

1
1

10

3

1

1

1

1

1
1

3

1

1

2

1

2

1

12

1

1
11

L. stmmosa REUSS ...............
L. sulcata (WALKER &

1

1

7

2 18

1

1

9

1

4

1
1

2

1

2

1
1

1
2
2

1

1

1

1

1
1

& JACOB ........................

...........................

OzAWA ..........................

C'l

12

1

3

Clobulina mitruta (RoEMER)

lf)

4

7

2

........................

C'l

1

1

OzAWA)

3....

1...............

G. yamazakii CUSHMAN &

2

C'l

1

Lagena awticosta REuss .....
L. elongata (EHRENBERG) ...
L. laevis (MoNTAGU) .........
L. perlucida (Mo:\TAGU) ......
L. semi striata \VILLlAMsON ...
L. striata (o'ORBIGNY)
L. stt·iato-punctata PARKER

JACOB)o-41& NAKASEKO ......

Guttulina asanoi Iw ASA &KIKUCHI. n. sp. ...............
·G. irregularis (o'ORBIGNY) ..
G. lactea (WALKER &JACOB) ........... ' .. ... ... ... .. .
·G. sadoensis (CUSHMAN &

.....

0'>

3

Pamfrondiculario cf. japonica
ASA;>;o

00
.....

1
1

P. sp. .................................
.Sarocenaria akitaensis lWASA& KIKUCHJ, n. sp...........
S. loti/oms (BRADY).
Vaginulitw yoshihamaetzsis
I~OUE

.....

2

6

1

1 '

1

2

2

4

2
1

2
2

1

3

2

2
1

187

Foraminifera from the Sugota Formation, Akita Prefecture, Japanltn,....,00,....,<0,....,

Pyrulina cy/it1droides(RoEMER)................ .

Nonion ct. akitoe11se AsANO
N. japo11icum ASA:-\0 .. .. .. .. .
N. kidoharaense FUKUDA......
N. tzicobarense CUSHMAN ...
N. pompilioides (FICIITEL& 1\Iou.) ......
N. scaP/wm (FlcHTEL &

1

1

1

1

2

6

5

9

4

1 17
4

2 12

MoLL) ...........................

20

5

6

6

3

11

3

1

1

10 14

1

4

1

5

15

2

4

2

1

3

4

7

8

1 21

3

fi

1

•

8

8

5 14

5
4

PseudOIIOIIiOn jaPollicum
AS ANO

2

6

30

1

·l

1

4
1

1
1

Nonio11ella mioce11ica
1

CUSHMAN ........................ '1

Astrono11i011 aomoriense
ASANO

1

............... ..

A. stelligerum (o'ORBIGNY). ..

2
6

10

1

1

2

EIPhidium cf. fabum
1(FICHTEL & MOLL)

1

E. cf. hughesi joraminosum

CUSHMAN ......................... ~1

E. cf. ozawaz Ucl!IO ............ ,E. cf. subgratwlosum ASA!'>O I
1
Cribroe!Phidium bartletti

2
2
1(CUSHMAN).

C. imanishii ASANO ........ .
Elphidiella momiyamamis
UcHlo ...................... ..
Plectofrondicularia japonica

11-

14

1

2
4·

1

ASA!'>O

P. miocenica Cusnl\!AN ........ 'I
P. miocenica directa

1

1

6

CUSHMAN & LAIMil"G ......

3

Bttl imina cf. i njlata

5

SEGUE:-IZA

3

B. ovata o'0RI31GNY
B. pupoides o'ORBIGNY
Globobulimina cf. Pacifica

2

CUSHMAN .................. '

1

4

1

1

I

Etltosolenia catemtlata
WILUAMSON ... .... .. . .. ... .. .

1

E. cf. fukamiemis ASANo ...... lE. hexagona 'VIf.LIAMSoN .. .
E. marginata (MONTAGU) ...
E. orbignyana (SEGUENZA)..
2
Virgulina complanata EGGER
V. schcreibersimza CZIZEK
1
...

1

1
1

1

1

2

1
4

1
1

6

3

2

1

2

3

4

188

Saburo !\VASA a:1d Yoshiki Kl!Wcllll/')

Bo[i~~~~~c::.~en~. st_r~at-~~l~ .......·1......

<C......

~

l/')

C\l

CD

C\l

~

C\l

gs

0'>

C'l

2

B. marginata masudai AsA::-;o 5
B. ct. robusta BRADY ......
13 8
Loxostomum? sp ............
Reussella sPi1mlosa (REuss) ...
Uvigerina mullicosta LERoY
U. Proboscidea ~CIIWAGER ... 9 8
U. sp ..................................
llopkirzsina hispida(SCHWAGER) ..................
1
H. sp ................... ..............
A1zgulogerina kokozurae1zsis
As ANO ........................... 6
4
ElliPsonodosaria ketienjie1zsis
lSHIZAKI ........................ 1 14
E. /epidu/a (ScHWAGER) ......
E. ugoensis Iw ASA &KIKUCHI, n. sp. ...............
Discorbis opercu/aris(o'ORBIGNY).... .... 0'>.... 0N C\l......

~

17
3 22

1 3
4 14 20
8

3
9 11

19

0
M

,....IN
M

5
1 17
6 16

1

C\l

C'l

~

'Of'

6
1

4

2

1
3

C'l

1

2

4

1

19

1

3

4

1

1
1

9
2

2
1

2

8

2

1

10 21

3 21

8

2

6

9

14 11

1
2 21

3

1
3 33

2

6

5

1

5

1

8

..................

1

DiscoPulvinuliltO cf. bradyi
1(CUSHMAN) .....................

D. cf. isabelliana..................

2

1

1

... ,

2

1

·····················

1(o'0RBIGNY)

5

1

3

1

1

1

Val vulineria araucanamalagae~1sis KLEII\"PELL

1

Gyroidi1ta orbiculariso'ORBJG!-."Y

G. soldanii o'ORBIGI\"Y .........
Eponides /rigidus(CUSH:VIAN) ...

2

1
6

5

4

8 15

3 13

3

1

9

6

1

6 21

22

4

1

3

E. frigidtzs calidtzs
CUSHMAN & CoLE

E. haidingeri (n'ORBIGNY) ...
E. hatakeyamai lWASA &KIKUCHI, n. sp. ....
E. umbonatus (REUSS) .........
Rotalia cf. beccarii

4

1

1

(AsANO)...................

7
22

6

16

2 42

11

7

1

1

1
1

& MoLL) ........................

Baggi1lll notoe1zsis ASANO ......
Epistominella japonica

3

2(LINNAEUS) .....................

R. hatatatensis TAKAYANAGI
R. sp.................................
Cancris auricula (FICHTEl.

2

2

3

3

4

12
2
35

1
6

3

3

9

1

11

1
7

15
8

5

1 13
1 10

1 12

189

Foraminifera from the Sugota Formation, Akita Prefecture. Japan-------------------

I~

E. cf. smithi (R.E. & K.C.
STEWART)

J

2

...

2

Ca.<sidufina faevigata carinata
CUSH'\IAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

C. matgareta KARRER .. .
26
C. orientale CusHMAN .........
C. subglobosa BRADY ........... .
Cllilostomefla czizeki REt:SS ... ,1 21

PztJ:e~~D~~~~-~~s.. ~;~-~~~~~ ...

8

32 13

16

662
1
1

1

8 22

23211

8 69

1

7

57

1 106 51
1

1

2

P. quinqueloba (RF.uss) ...... I
P. salisbur.vi R.E. & K.C.
I

2
1

3

1

Pf~~~~~~~~~;;~;;i~a ~\~~~~] ~ 5 9 6 8 13 3 2Hanzawaia t~iftponica ASANO I 2

51············I

C.&s[;~~~:1~e;ianr~s... .. .

·I

19
1

H. tagaensis ASA:\0
Cibicides fobatufus (WALKER ,& JACOB) ..................... .,

1

1

1

At~;;~~i~::f: ~;~~~~;~· ...... 'I

5 4
2 17

3

1

4 15
1

2

4

6 20 49 24 H

6

48 12

8

2

3

10

2

4

8

4

2

9

9 22 21

5

2

4

2

7

43

8

1

C. tani lWASA & KIKUCHI,

1

n. sp ......................... .

C. sp .................................. ;1
Dvocibicides biserialis.CUSH'\IAN & VALF.NTIKE ... !
D. perforata CL:sm,tAN &

1

1

1

I

VALE~TIKE .................... !

':'otal ... ... ......... ... .
Globigerinidae ...

7 41

29 19
6

7

2
1

.. .... 1200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200. ..... ' 84 272 70

4 200 19 12 20 4•1. 10 11ies, those of the Nonionidae, Buliminidae,
Rotaliidae and Anomalinidae are next
in abundance and each family is repre·
sented by ten or more species.
From the fact that the fauna has
yielded very few genera of the family
Miliolidae and few species of the genera
Elphidimn and Rotalia, the upper partof the Sugota formation was not deposited in the littoral zone.
Furthermore. that the assemblage ischaracterized with a large number of
species of Robulus and its allied genera
indicates a neritic environment and pro-

20 18 42 30 20 13

bably its outer part.
The foraminifers found in association
with mega-fossils in the Yazawagi area
is characterized by the genera Gaudryi-na, Nonion, Nonionella, E!phidiella,
Eponides, Rotalia, Baggina and Cibicides. The depth analysis of those genera
reveals that the sediments entombing
the fossils were deposited in depths corresponding to the inner to mid-neritic
zone under the large bay environment.
From the Recent species contained in
the fossil fauna it is evident that the
Sugota fauna, as a whole, was influenced

190

Saburo IWASA and Yoshiki KIKUCHI

by warm thermal conditions.
They are known from Tosa Bay of
Shikoku and Sagaminada of Kanagawa
and Shizuoka Prefectures along the Pacific side of southwest Japan, and from
Wakasa Bay of Fukui Prefecture on theJapan Sea side of western Japan. Rothareas are now under the influence ofwarm currents.
The lower part of the Sugota formation is thought that a near or deltaic
environment prevailed, and the climaticcondition was mild as can be judged
from the fossil flora.
Correlation
The Sugota is correlated with the
Nishikurosawa formation of Oga Peninsula, Akita Prefecture on the basis of
Aplzrocallistes sp., Clzlamys kaneharai(YoKoYAMA), Dosinia kaneharai YoKoYAMA, Placopecten akilzoensis (MATSUMoTo), and Turritella s-Jzataii NoMURA.
The Nishikurosawa contains abundantspecimens of Operculina complanata
japonica HAKZAWA, Miogypsitza kotoi
HANZA w A and Amplzistegina /essoni
o'O!WIG!\Y, although smaller foraminifera have not been reported from theformation.
By the above-listed larger foraminifers,
the Nishikurosawa can be correlatedwith the Tanosawa formation of the
Nishi-Tsugaru District in Aomori Prefecture, as already stated by S. HANZAWA(1935). The Tanosawa formation was
found to contain a large number ofsmaller foraminifers, which are reported
here for the first time. The distinct
species are; Robulus calcar (Lir-o:--rAEUs),
Nodosaria raplumus (LIKNAEUs), Vaginrtliua yoshihamaensis INouE and NAI,ASEKo, Nonion kidoharaense FUKUDA, N.
japonicum AsA:-<o, Eponides haidingeri(o'ORBIGNY), Rotalia cf. beccarii (LIKNAEUS), R. toclzigiensis UcHio, R. tano-sawaemis n. sp., Hanzawaia nippom'ca
AsANo.
The foraminiferal fauna of the T"lnosawa formation is the same as that of
the Sugota, although the former formation seems to have been deposited at a
depth shallower (littoral to inner
neritic) than the latter.
The Miocene Higashi-Innai formation(K. MASUDA, 1954) of Noto Peninsula in
Ishikawa Prefecture possesses about 20(}
species of smaller foraminifera, themajority of which are common to the
Sugota fauna. The Higashi-Innai has
also yielded larger foraminifers as Miogypsi11a kotoi HANZA w A and Operculina
complanata japonica HANZAWA.
The
foraminiferal fauna of the Higashi-lnnai
formation, according to K. AsANo (1943),
is similar to the Miocene fauna of the
Indo-Pacific region, which indicates anage corresponding to the Preangerian(Vindovonian).
The Sugota fauna is more similar to
the Miocene fauna of the northwest
coast of America than to the IndoPacific region, the following species incommon with the former region but not
known to occur in the latter, namely;
Nonio~tella mi'ocenica CusH:'\fAK, Plectofrondiczelaria miocenica CusHMAN, P.
mioce11ica directa CusnMA!\ and LAIMI!'<G,
Valvulineria arucmza malagaensis KLEIt-:rEr.r., Cassidult'na laevigata carinata

CusHMAK, and C. margareta KARRER.
Previously S. NoMURA and K. HATAI(1936) from their study of the molluscs
and brachiopods from the Pecten-Terebratzelina bed of the Sugota formation,
arrived to the conclusion that the age is
V indovonian.
Recently K. TAN ( 1951) reported on
the discovery of a tooth of Desmostyltts
japomcus Tm,..-uKAGA and IWASAKI foundin association with molluscs and brachiopods which are common to theForaminifera from the Sugota Formation. Akita Prefecture, Japan

191

Description of Species

aperture radiate at periphery angle.
Diameter up to 3 mm.
Holotype :-IGPS coli. cat. no. 65517;
IGPS toe. no. Ak-23.
Occurrence :-Rare. Agenosawa andKohabiro, Kamikawa-Ouchi-mura, Yurigun and Pecten- Terebratulitza bed of
Yazawagi-mura, Hiraga-gun.
Remarks :-This species stands close
to Lenticttlina echinata (o'ORBIGNY), but
is distinguished by its continuous raised
sutures and by the absence of spines atthe periphery.

Genus Robulus Mor-;TFORT, 1808

Genus Saracenaria DEFRANCE, 1824

Robulus sugotaensis n. sp.

Saracetzaria akitaensis n. sp.

Text-figs. la-b.

Text·flgs. 3a-b.

Test large, elongate, compressed, periphery acute with narrow keel ; 6-8
chambers in last whorl, not inflated,
early part of chambers slightly evolute;sutures gently curved, very distinct,
Iimbate, slightly raised except for latterone or two ; wall smooth ; apertural faceslightly convex, aparture radiate with ashort slit at the peripheral angle. Di·
ameter up to 3 mm.
Ho/otype :-IGPS coli. cat. no. 65516;
IGPS loc. no. Ak-25.
Occurre11ce :-Rare. Tashiro, T6maemura and Kura, Shimog6-mura, Yuri-gun.
Remarks:-This species resembles Robttltts asmzoi TAKAYANAGI, but differs
by the absence of a broad keel, and thelatter sutures are not raised.

Test free, elongate, roundly triangularin transverse section; chambers increasing gradually in size as added, early
three or five closely coiled, later ones
uncoiling ; sutures distinct, not depressed but sometimes latter one or twoslightly depressed, set oblique; walismooth, finely perforate; aperture termi·
nal, radiate, with a short slit. Length
1.5mm.
Holotype :-IGPS coli. cat. no. 65518;
IGPS loc. no. Ak-17.
Occurrence :-Rare.
Habiro, Kami·
kawa-Ouchi-mura, Yuri-gun, and Nashinoki-t6ge, Tashiro-mura, Ogachi-gun.
Remarks:-The roundly triangularshape in transverse section, and thealmost non-depressed sutures are thedistinctive characters of this species.
By those features the present species
is distinguished from the known speciesof the genus.

Pecten-Terebratulina bed of S. NoMURA
and K. HATAI. The geological age ofDesmostylus, according to R. M. KLEIN·
PELf. (1938), on the west coast of North
America, is Luisian. The Luisian is correlated with the Vindovonian by that
author.
Accordingly, it seems that the Sugota
formation and its correlatives mentioned
in earlier lines may all belong to theVindovonian age.

Genus Lenliwlina LAMARCK, 1804

Lenticuli1za lmziokai I w ASA andKIKUCHI, n. sp.
Text-figs. 2a-b.

Test large, subcircular, lenticular inside view, involute, periphery with narrow keel except for latter part ; chambers 8-10 in last coil ; sutures slightly
curved, ornamented with a raised ridge,
fusing at central part; wall smooth:

Genus &uttulina o'ORDIGNY, 1838

Guttulina asanoi n. sp.
Text-figs. 4a-b.
Gtttittli11a sp. ASANo, 1953. Short Papers IGPS,

no. 5, p. Hi. pl. 3, figs. 9.

Text ·fusiform, generally twice as long

192

Saburo lWASA and Yoshiki KnmcHI

as broad, greatest breadth nearly at
middle; chambers strongly inflated, embracing, arranged in a nearly quinqueloculine series ; sutures distinct, depressed ; wall smooth, with produced
spine at base: aperture terminal, radiate.
Length 1.1 mm.
Ho/otype :-IGPS coli. cat. no. 61519;
IGPS loc. no. Ak-17.
Occurrence :-Rare. Found throughout the area of distribution of the
Sugota formation.
Remarks :-This form resembles Guttttlitza woodsi CusHMA:-; and OzAwA, butdiffers therefrom by having more strongly inflated chambers. G. yabei Ct:cli:I.IAN
and OzAWA which is similar to thepresent form in arrangement of chambers, is distinguished by the absence ofthe basal spine. Gttltztlina sp. of K.
AsANo from the Miocene sediments ofNota Peninsula, G. yabei ovate listed by
Y. TAKA YANAGI from the Miocene Ratatate formation of l'vliyagi Prefecture arevery similar to this species.
Genus ElliPsonodosaria A. SII.VERSTRI,
1900

Ellipsonodosaria ugoensis n. sp.
Text-figs. Sa-b.

Test small, slender, tapering, slightly
curved, with round, initial end ; 7-8
chambers in adult, very slightly inflated
especially toward apertural end, earlypart generally broader than high, becoming higher than broad as added : sutures
weakly limbate, nearly at right angles
to axis of test ; wall smooth ; apertureat end of a produced neck, with a weakelliptical collar, and a tooth. Length
0.9mm.
Holotype :-IGPS coli. cat. no. 65520;
IGPS Joe. no. Ak-17.
Occurrence :-This species is foundthroghout the area of distribution of

the Sugota formation, and shows higher
percentage of occurrence locally.

Remarks :-E/l:psonodosariafijiettsis(Cusm.tAN) from the Miocene of theFiji Islands resembles this form in theoutline, but differs by having prominent
perforations at surface. The smoothsurface and rounded initial end of thisspecie<> distinguish it from EllijJs01zodosaria hyugaensis lsiiiZAKI and E. verneuili (o'ORmG:--rY).
Genus Eponides Mo:-;TFORT, 1808

Eponides hatakeyamai n. sp.
Text·fiJ;s. 6a-c.

Test biconvex, ventral side sometimes
flat, periphery subacute with narrowkeel, which never extends to latter one
or two chambers, umbilical region filledwith a raised and rounded mass of shellmaterial; chambers distinct, 6-7 in lastformed coil; sutures distinct, limbate,
oblique on dorsal side, slightly limbate
and curved on ventral side; wall smooth ; aperture ventral between umbilicus
and periphery. Diameter 0.45 mm., thickness 0.09 mm.
Holotype :-IGPS coli. cat. no. 65521;
IGPS Joe. no. Ak-26.
Occurrence :-Few. Katsuradai, Shimogo-mura, Yuri-gun.
Remarks:-This species is distinguished from Eponides caroli1tensis CusHMAN
by having a umbilical raised mass, by
the absence of raised sutures on thedorsal side, and the characters of thespecies serve to distinguish it from thepreviously described species of Epmtides.
Genus Rotalia LAMARCK, 1804

Rotalia tanosawaensis n. sp.
Text-figs. 7a-c.

Test small, biconvex, more convex onventral side, periphery subacute, composed of about 3 whorls ; chambers 8-9

Foraminifera from the Sugota Formation, Akita Prefecture, Japanin last whorl; sutures slightly oblique,thickened on dorsal side, radial anddepressed on ventral side; umbilicus
raised, with a rounded plug of shellmaterial; aperture at ventral border oflast chamber. Diameter 0.51 mm., thickness 0.17 mm.
Holotype :-IGPS coli. cat. no. 65522 ;IGPS loc. no. Ao-14., Road side cutting
1000 meters southwest of Tanosawa,
Odose-mura, Nishi- Tsugaru-gun, Aomori
Prefecture.
Occurrence :-Rare.
Occurring onlyat the type locality.
Remarks :-The dorsal characters of
Rotalia pajJitlosa BRADY and 1?. stachi
AsA!'O resemble this form, but theabsence of a plug on the ventral side
distinguishes it therefrom. The ventral
plug is found in such as Rotalia niPponica AsANo and R. tochigiensis Demo,however, both differ from this species
by lacking the thickened sutures of thedorsal side. Rotalia sp. B. of LERoy
Miocene of Sumatra is closely related tothis species, but differs in having a more
lobulate periphery.
Genus Cibicides MoKTFORT, 1808

Cibicides tani, n. sp.
Text-figs. 8:~.-c.

Test plano-convex, ventral side flat qr
slightly convex, thickest at umbilicalarea, periphery subacute, slightly lobulate in the latter; chambers 8-10 inlast-formed coil, latter one or two sometimes weakly exp;mded ; sutures very
obscure in earlier half or more, lattertwo slightly depressed ; wall coarsely
perforate; aperture narrow, at peripheral margin, a rounded arch at base ofchamber, extending over to dorsal sideand running along periphery. Diameter
0.6 mm., thickness 0.1 mm.
Holotype :-IGPS coli. cat. no. 65523;

19~

IGPS loc. no. Ak-28.
Occurrence :-Common, found frommany localities of the Sugota formation.
Remarks:-This species
resembles
Cibicidcs altamiraensis KLEI=-'PEL from
the Miocene of California, but differs in
the less lobulate periphery and more
obscured sutures.
References
ASA:-;o. K. (1937). A Comparison of the Recent
Foraminifera from Tosa B1y and the
Pliocene Foraminifera from Aki-gun. Province of Tosa. (in Japanese). ] our. Geol.
Soc. Japan, vo!. 44, 110. 525, pp. 36-55.
· - , (1939). Foraminifera from Urashlma Ba:~k,Wakasa lhy. (in Japanese). Bota11y andZoology, vol. 7, 110. 9, pp. 1704-1709, text
figs. 1-4.
- - , (195.'3), 1\iiocene Foraminifera fnm theNoto Peninsula, Ishikawa Prefecture. Short
Papers, Inst. Ceo!. Pal. Toholm Utliv., no.
5, pp. 1-21, pls. 1-3.
HATAKEYAMA, A. (1954), Neogene Formationin the E:~stern Part of Honj6 Basin, Akita
Prefecture. (in Japanes;!). ]our. Ceo/. Soc.
]apa•t, vol. 60. no. 70, pp. 171-184.
KATo. I. (1949), Petrogenetic consideration on
the Lower formations in the Oil-Field of
North East Jap:~.n. (in Japanese). lour.
j apau. Assoc. Mi11zralogists. Petrologists
and Economic Geologists, vol. 35. no. 6,
pp. 152-159.
KLEINPEI.f., R.E. (1938), Miocene Stratigraphyof California. Am. Assoc. Pelr. Ceo! .. pp.
l-450, pis. 1-22.
1\IASUDA, K (19:14), On the Geology of
Machino-machi. Najimi-mura and Yanaidamura. Fugeshi-gun, Ishikawa Prefecture.
(in Japanese). ]our. Ceo/. Soc. ]apa11. vol.
60, 110. 703. pp. 145-152, pl. L
MURAYAMA, K. (1930), Explanatory Text of
the GeolCigical Map of Japan. (Honjo).
NoMURA. S. and HATAI. K. (1936), Fossil
from Yazawagi-mura. Ugo Province Northeast Honsyu, Japan. Saito M. Res. Bull ..
110. 10, pp. 157-181.
OTUKA. Y. (1936), The Takasegawa Green
Tuff Beds in the Yuri District, Akita Prefecture, Japan., Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst.
Imp. Univ. Tokyo .. t•ol. 14, pp. 438-452,
tables 5.

Saburo IWASA and Yoshiki KIKUCHI

194

la

lb
3a
2a

2b

3b

r/\\)

/\
..,._,

·~
\\I

l_j
~-1

,~

't.<'~

0

~ 5b

4a

7a

4b

7b

\

~:·~
~,:,
),:,
'

><•

Ga

6b

6c

8a

Bb

8c

~a

7c

Explanation of Text-figures
Figs. la-b.
Figs. 2a-b.
Figs. 3a-b.
Figs. 4a-b.
Figs. Sa-b.
Figs. 6a-c.
Figs. 7a-c.
Figs. Sa-c.

Robulus sugotaensis IWASA and KIKUCHI, n. sp. x8
Lentiwlina lwziokai lWASA and KIKUCHI, n. sp. xl3
Saracenaria akitac1lSiS lwASA and KIKUCHI, n. sp. X2•1
Gttttulina asanoi lwASA and KIKUCHI, n. sp. 36
E/lipsonodosaria ugocnsis IWASA and KIKUCHI, n. sp. x 36
Eponides hatakcyamai IwASA and KII<UCHI, n. sp. x 72
Rotalia tanosawaensis IWASA and KIKUCHI, n. sp. x52
Cibicides !ani lWASA and KIKUCHI, n. sp. x 55

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. N.S., No. 15, pp. 195-200, Pl. 25. Dec. 15, 1954

256.

NOTES ON SOME TERTIARY PLANTS FROM"TYOSEN(KOREA). IV*
KAZUO HUZIOKA?.Iining College, Akita University~~i!€m~t:CM4Wlft::ri IV.
.. lli'd- :9:}:;li:f,'i,"!!lt Fag:lceae (f) l) '!:, Quercus 4 ftlj, Cycloba/m10Psis 4 tl!l~lia

lH. f.:oQ. /urcineruis RossM.: Engelhardtia Bed of N.
Kankyo-Do (ENDO. 1938. name only).
Q. intermedin FRIEDRICH: Engelhardlia Bed of
N. Kankyo-Do (E:-<Do. 1938. name only).
Q. ]olmslruPi HEER?: Eugellrardli'l Bed of N.
Kankyo-Do (ENDO, 1938, name only).
Q. koraic1 TAKAI: Enniti group of N. KeisyoDo (TA;>;Al. 1953. p. 5, Pl. 1. figs. 11. 12).
Q. err. PscttdO·castanea GoEI'PERT: Kantindo
formation of N. Kankyo-Do (TATEIWA,
1925. name only).
Q. simulala KsoWJ.TO:-< ?: Eugelhardlia Bed of
N. KankYo-Do (ENDo. 1938, name only).
Q. spp. : A~:oti coal·bearing bed (E:-<no. 1938)
and Kantindo formation (TATEIWA. 1925
and ENDO. 1938), N. KankYo-Do.
Cyclobalanopsis glauco THUNR.: Enniti group of
N. Keisyo-Do (KANEHARA, 1936 andTANAl, 1953, name only).
C. Huziokai TA:>:AI: Enniti group of N. KeisyoDo (T ANA I. 1953, p. 4. Pl. 1. fig. 10).
C. Mandraliscae (GAUDIN) TANAl: Enniti
group of N. Keisyo·Do (TA:"'AI. 1953, p.
3. Pl. 1. figs. 6, 9).

Contents
Genus Quercus: Quercus Kodairae, sp. nov., Q.
miocrispuia, sp. nov., Cfr. Q. dentala
THt::m .. and Q. sp.
Genus Cyclobalmropsis : CyclobalanoPsis Mandraliscae (GAUD!:>:) T AS AI. Cfr. C. gilua
OERSTED, C. sp. a, and C. sp. b.
Of the fifteen species of the genus

Quercus now to be found on the Korean
peninsula the following species are themost flourishing and are of general
distribution as to be found on almost
the entire peninsula : Quercus aliena
BLUJ\!F., Q. de11tata THU;o\B., Q. mongolica
FtsH., and Q. serrata THU:>:B. By comparison, the closely related genus Cyclobalmzopsis is now restricted in its distribution to the southern part of thepeninsula and contiguous islands.
The known species of Quercus andCyclobalanopsis from the Tertiary of
Korea are comparatively abundant asshown in the following list :At the writer's disposal were manifold types of fossil Quercus and Cyc/obalanoPsis from Korea which were examined in the course of these studies.
From this material three are considered
distinct and valid species, while theothers could not be assigned to any
species with any certainty due to the

Quercus aliena BLUME : Kantindo formation of
N. Kankyo-Do (ENDO, 1938, name only).
Q. crispula BLUME : Kantindo formation of N.
Kankyo-Do (Esoo. 1938, name only);
Enniti JZroup of N. Keisyo·Do (KANEHARA. 1936. name only).

* Read \lay 13. 1954; received Oct. 11. 1954.
195

Kazuo HuziOKA

196

fragmentary nature of the specimens.
The species determined by the writerwere Querczes Kodairae, sp. '·nov., Q.
miocrispula, sp. nov., Cfr. Q. dentata
THUKB.,
Q. sp., Cfr. Q. serrata
THUKB., Gyclobalanopsis Mandraliscae(GAUDIN) TAKA!, C. sp. a, C. sp. b, andCfr. C. gilva OERSTED.
Description of Species
Genus Quer·cus L.

Quercus Kodairae, sp. nov.
Plate 25. Figures 7-10

Description :-Leaf generally small,
5-7 ern (rarely 9 em) long and 3-5 ern(rarely 8 em) broad, oval, ovateelliptic or elliptic in outline. Apex likea marginal dent, acutely pointed, basebroadly cuneate or truncate. Margindentate or lobulatodcntate; each dent
triangular in shape, pointed at the top.
Midvein rather thin, straight or slightly
zigzag to the apex. Lateral veins 7-8
pairs in number, regularly arranged,
straight or slightly up-curved to themarginal dents, diverging from the midvein at angles of 40-70° ; some lower
pairs occasionally decurrent below attheir bases. Tertiary veins obscure in
impression, frequently branched fromthe lateral veins ; finer veins forming
polygonal meshes. Petiole very short.
Texture apparently thin.
Comparison and remarks:-The present specimens are comparable withleaves of Lepidobalantts ENnr.. of thegenus Quercus, but there is no exact
equivalent in the living species. Amongthe known fossil species, Quercus ]ohnstrupi HEER (1883, p. 24, Pl. 56. figs.
7-12) and Q. sessilijlora SALISBURY fossilis MAEDLER (1939, p. 78, Pl. 7, figs. 17,18) are somewhat similar to our leaves.

Occurrence :-Ryuhokudo, Kokangencoal-mine, N. Kankyo-Do; Engellzardtia
Bed (Miocene); Colis. KooAIRA andUoTANI.
Quercus miocrispula, sp. nov.
Plate 25 . Figure 3

Description :-Leaf large, obovate-elliptic in outline. Apex acute like a marginal tooth, base narrowed and slightly
auriculate. Margin coarsely and deeply
dentate; teeth large, acutely pointed,
slightly up-curved at the apices. Midvein stout. Lateral veins 15-17 pairs,
diverging from the midvein at angles of30-50°, almost straight to the marginal
teeth. Petiole thick, very short for thesize of lamina.
Texture apparently
thick. Dimension of the figured specimen: about 18 em long and 9 em broad.
Comparison atzd remarks :-The specimens are clearly similar to Quercus
crispula BLUME which is widely distributed in Saghalin, South Kurile islands,
Japanese Islands and Korea. In Korea
it grows on mountains (400m-1950m) of
N. Keisyo-Do and the Island 'of Saisyu.
Fossils of Q. crispula have been foundin Japan as old as the Younger Neogene
Tertiary.
(.Juerczes Pseudo-castanea GoEPFERT(1852, p. 274, Pl. 35, figs. 1, 2) apparently
resembles Q. crisPula and Q. miocrispulain having the large marginal dents, butdiffers from them in the narrow lamina
and the long petiole.
Occurrence :-Kissyu-town, Kissyu-gun,
N. Kankyo-Do; White Shale of the
Kissyu formation (Miocene); Coli. Orsm.
Kinkodo, Usen-men, Geizitu-gun, N.
Keisyo-Do ; Changi group (Miocene) ;Colis. KooAIRA and UoTANI.
Kantiondo, Meisen-gun, N. Kankyo-Do;
Kantindo formation (Miocene); Coil.
OISHI.

Notes on Some Tertiary Plants from Tyfu~c·n (Korea).

Quercus sp.
Plate 25, Figure 11

Description :-Leaf large, general outline unknown. Apex unknown. Basetruncate, somewhat inequilateral. Margin coarsely and deeply lobulatodentate.
Midvein rigid, somewhat zigzag; lateralveins coarsely arranged. straight to themarginal dents, diverging from the
midvcin at angles of 90° at the basal
part of lamina and angle gradually
decreasing upwardly; finer veins coarsely
percurrent. Petiole thick, about 1.5 em
long.
Comparison and remarks:- Though all
specimens which the writer has studied
are fragmental and the full charactersof leaf are unknown, the foliar type isquite distinct from the known species
both of the fossil and the existing
Quercus.
The present leaf is distinguished from
Quercus Kodairae from the same locality
by its larger size, the inequilateral baseand the longer petiole. Q.. columbiana
CHA:-\EY (1920, p. 170, PI. 13, figs. 1, 2)
and Q. Bretzi CHANEY (1920, p. 171, Pl.
· 12. fig. 4; PI. 13, fig. 3) from the Eagle
Creek of Oregon somewhat resemble ourleaf in the marginal dentation.
Occurrence :-Ryuhokudo, Kokangencoal-mine, N. Kankyo-Do; Engelhardtia
Bed (Miocene) ; Coils. KoDAIRA andUOTAJSI.
Cfr. Quercus dentata TnuNB.
Some fragmental specimens which areclosely comparable with Quercus dentaia
THu:-\B. were found in the collections
from Kissyu and Ryuhokudo.
Q. detztata is now widely distributing
in Northeastern Asia as a common
forest tree of the temperate zone. Fos-

IV

197

sils of this species have been reported
by Ko:-;':-;o (1931, Pl. 4, figs. 4, 5; PI. 11,
figs. 2, 3) and KI<YSllTOFoVICH (1930, p.
27, PI. 4, fig. 39 > from the Miocene
floras of Nagano prefecture.
Occurre11ce :-Kissyu-town, Kissyu.gun,
N. Kankyo·Do; White Shale of the Kissyu formation (Miocene); Coli. 01sm.
Ryuhokudo, Kokang1.m coal-mine, N.
Kankyo-Do; Engellzardiia Bed (Miocene);
Colis. KonAIRA and UoTA:-\1.
Genus C}'C[o/Jalauopsi.s OERSTED

Cyclobalanopsis 1\fandraliscae(GAUDIN) TASAI
Plate 26. Figures 1 and 2.
1953. Cycloba/anopsis Mandraliscae T AKAI: p.
3. Pl. 1, figs. 6-9.

Quite recently, TASAI (1953) described
this species from t~e Enniti group ofsouthern Korea. Our leaves, when compared with his specimens. are larger andpossess a long petiole. In the essential
characters our leaves are quite similar
to C. 1\fattdraliscae, and in a wide sense
also to Quercus Drymeja UsGER (1847,
p. 113, Pl. 32, figs. 1-4).
HEER (1878, p. 8, Pl. 4, fig. 4) reported
Q. Drymeja from the Miocene beds ot
North Saghalin, but it is very doubtful
to identify if his specimen can be
identified as, or assigned to Q. Drymeja
Ur->GER.
Occurrence :-Ryuhokudo, Kokangencoal-mine, N. Kankyo-Do; Engellzardtia
Bed (Miocene); Colis. KoDAIRA andUOTAKI.
Cfr. Cyclobala11oPsis gilva OERSTED
Plate 25, Figure 5.

As shown in Pl. 26, fig. 5, a specimen

198

K:~zuo HUZIDI\A

from Ryuhokudo, which shows only thelower part of a leaf, is closely comparable with the living Cyclobalanopsis gilva
OERSTED. C. gilva is now widely distributed in the warmer regions of Japanand Formosa.
Occurreuce :-Ryuhokudo, Kokangencoal-mine, N. Kankyo-Do, Engelhardtia
Bed (lVIiocene); Coils. KoDAIRA andUoTAJ-.:1.

Cyclobalanopsis sp. a
Plate 25, Figure 4.

DescriPti01z :-Whole outline of leaf
unknown, but may be linear lanceolate,
longer than 8 em and about 2.5 em wide.
Apex unknown, base narrowly cuneate.
Margin dentate, teeth seemingly obtuse
or rounded at the top. 1\-fidvein rigid
and straight. Lateral veins more than
14 pairs in number, almost equidistantly
arranged, straight to the tip of themarginal teeth and incurved there, leav·ing the midvein at an acute angle (about30°) in the lower part of lamina and at
an angles of generally 45° in the middle
part. Petiole unknown.
Comparison and remarks :-This specimen may be referable to the genus
Cyclobalanopsis, but is quite different
from all living species of the genus.
In having the conspicuous marginal
teeth the present leaf is comparablewith Fagus castanaefolia Ur:-;GER (1847,
p. 104, PI. 28, fig. 1) and Castanea
Ungeri HEER ( 1869, p. 470, Pl. 45, figs.
1-3; Pl. 46, lig. 1), both of which has
been considered to be conspecific andnamed Casta11ea castanaefolia (UNGER)
Kr:-;owr.To.'l (1898). The type specimenof Fagus castanaefolia UNGER is oblonglanceolate in shape bearing mucronateserrate margin, while HEER's Castanea
Ungeri is ovate-lanceolate in outline andmarkedly dentate at the upper threefourths of the leaf. In comparing these
two forms our leaf is similar to HEER'stype rather than to Ur-;GER's. However,this Korean leaf may be distinct fromCastanea castanaefolia in the linear
lanceolate shape and the cuneate base.
A fragmental leaf reported by T ANAl
(1953, p. 5, Pl. 1, fig. 13) under thename of Castanea castat~aefolia from the
Enniti group of N. Keisyo-Do may beconspecific with our leaf.
Occurrence:- Ryuhokudo, Kokangencoal-mine. N. Kankyo-Do; E11gelhardtia
Bed (Miocene); Colis. Kor>AIRA andUOTA:--:1.

Cyclobalanopsis sp. b
Plate 25, Figure 6.

Description :-Whole outline of leaf
unknown, lacking the apical part. Leaf
probably linear lanceolate or somewhat
spatulate, and may be 10 em in length,1.5-2.0 em broad at the middle part.
Apex unknown, base tapered and acutely
pointed. Margin quite entire, at least at
the lower half of leaf, and slightly backrolled. Midvein thick, grooved at theupper surface. Lateral veins more than
8 pairs in number, rather coarsely andirregularly arranged, leaving the mid veinat angles of about 60° at the basal partand about 40° at the middle part ofleaf, gently curved upwards and ascending along the margin.
Finer veinsobscure.
Petiole thick, about L5 em
long. Texture apparently thick.
Comparisotz mtd remarks :-The present leaf, which lacks its apical part, isprovisionally referred to the genus Cyclobalanopsis. It is uncertain that the leaf
is quite entire at the whole margin orserrate at the apical part only.
Similar fossils are Qt~ercus simulata

Notes on Some Tertiary Plants from Tyosen (Korea). IV
KNOWLTON (1898, p. 728, Pl. 101, figs. 3,
4 ; PI. 102, figs. 1, 2) of the American
Miocene floras and Quercus neriifolia
AL. BRAUN (HEER, 1856, p. 45, Pl. 1, fig.
3; Pl. 2. fig. 12; Pl. 74, figs. 1-7; Pl. 75,
fig. 1) and Quercus apocynophyllum
ETT1NGSHAUSE:-> (1869-70, p. 34, Pl. 2. fig.
15) of the European Miocene floras.
Occurrence :-Ryuhokudo,
Kokangencoal-mine, N. Kankyo-Do; Engelhardtia
Bed (Miocene); Coils. KooA1RA andUOTAI\1.

References
CHANEY, R.W. (1920), The Flora of the Eagle
Creek Formation. Contr. lVa/ker IMus., Vol.
2, No.5.
ENDO, S. (1938), Cenoz')ic Plants from Tyosen(Korea). I and ll (in Japanese) Jozmz.
Geol. Soc. Japan, Vol. 45.
ETT1NGSHAUS!':N. C.v. (1869-70), Beitrage zur
Kenntnis der Tertiiirfiora von Steiermarks.
Sitzrmgsb. Kaiser/. Akad. ll'iss. Math. Nat.
Kl. 60,GAUDIN, C.F. and STROZZI, C. (1858), .Memoire
sur quelques gisements de feuilles fossiles
de Ia Toscane. Neue Denks. a/lig. Schweiz.
Ges. Natur/.. Vol. 16.
GOEPFERT, H.R. (1852), R:itrii~e zur Ter·
tiiirfiora Sch~esiens. Po/aeontograplzica Vo!.
2.
HEER. 0. (1856), Flora tertiaria Helvetiae. Vol.
2.
--. (1869). Flora fossilis Arctica. Vol. 2, l\'o.
4.
- . (1878), Ibid., Vol. 1, No. 4.
- . (1883), Ibid., Vol. 3. 1\"o. 1.
K!';OWLTON, F.ll. (!898), The Fossil Plants of
the Payette Formation. U.S.G.S .. 18th Ann.
Rept .. Pt. 3.
- - , (1898), A Catalogue of the Cretaceousand Tertiary Plants of North America. U.
S.G.S. Bull. 152.
KRYSIITOFOVICII, A. (1930), Contribution to the
Tertiary Flora of the Shinano and Tajima
Provinces, JapJn. Ann. Soc. Paleon/. Russie.
Vol. 8.
MAEDI.ER, K. (1939), Die plioziine Flora von

199-

Frankfurt am Main. Abh. Scnck. Naturf.
Ges., Abh. 446.
TA:->AJ, T. (1953). Notes on Some Fossil Plantsfrom Ennichi (Yongil) Group in Southt'rn
Korea: II. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan,
N.S. No.9.
UNGER. F. (1847). Chloris protogaea.
See Art. 243 of this Journal No. 13 for
KA:s-EHARA. K, (1936). Ko~'Ko, E. (1931).
and TATEIWA, 1. (1925).

Localities of the described species
Ryuhokudo, I<okangen coal-mine, N. KankyoDo; Engelhardtia Bed OiUfUI:;1i. i!i~l~tj~~. mW:illil; Engelhardtia /\.'if) Salvi11ia pseu·
doformosa O!Slll et HuzloKA, Cfr. Platanus
Guil/elmae GoEPFERT, Fagus koraica HUZI·OKA. F. prololoupipetiolata HtJZIOKA. F.
Uolatzii HUZIOKA. Zelkowa Tibae 015111 et
HUZ1oKA,
Carpinus
Kodairae-bracteata
HUZ10KA, Quercus Kodairae HUZIOKA, Q.
sp.. Cyclobalanoj>sis Mmzdraliscae (GAUDIN}
TAt-<AI. Cfr. C. gilva OERSTED, C. sp. (a).
and C. sp. (b).
Kantindo, Meisen-gun. N. KankYo·Do; Kantindo
formation C~m~tl!i. !li'JJII$. ~.iiJU!71i11: ~i-jt
i~~).

Acer subpictum SAPORTA. A. ezoa11um
OISHI et HUZIOKA, A. trilobatum (STER:->B.)
var. producfum AL. BRAUN, A. japonicum
THUNBERG. A. (samarae) spp .. Fagus pro·
tolotzgipeliolata HUZ10KA. Ulmus carpino·ides GoEPPERT, Zelkowa Ungeri (I!:TT.)
KovATS, Carpinus carPinoides MAK1KO, C.
erosa BLUME ellipticibractcata HUZ10KA,
and Quercus miocrisPula HUZIOKA.
Yutendo, Meisen·gun. N. Kankyo-Do; Ryudo
formation (~~~ti1i. WlJII'l!f>. ft~ldi!Rl; ftj!al.~).

Tilia dista>ls NATHORST. T. japotzica
S1Mo:\KA1, T. meismetJSis HUZ10KA, T.
subnobilis HUZIOKA, Acer rotrmdatum
HUZIOKA. A. subpictum SAPORTA, A. sp.,
A. (samarae) spp .. Zelkowa U11geri (ETT.)
KovATS, Betula myongchottcnsis HCZIOKA,
and Ostrya slziragiana HUZIOKA.
Kissyu-town. Kissyu-gun. N. Kankyo·Do: White
Shale of Kissyu formation 0-R~~till. afi'i~~-

i!f!I-I·Je; a~ti~Sf!!.l'iCW.

200

Kazuo HUZIOKA

Tilia distans NATHORST, Acer subpictum
SAPORTA, Ulmus shiragica HUZIOKA,
Zelkowa Ungeri (ETT.) KOVATS, and Cfr.
Quercus dentata THUNBERG.
Kinkodo, Usen·men, Geizitu-gun, N. Keisyo·Do;
Changi 11roup (~ff.l;ftil[, :irn 8~JJI[Iii, ~m. .

:Jr;jliij;*!Fil~Wl!f).

Ti/ia remotiserrata OISHI et HUZIOKA, Acer
rotundatum HUZIOKA, A. subPictum SA·

PORTA, A. fatsiaefolia HUZWKA, A.
onwtum CARR., Ulmus shiragica HUZIOKA,
Zelkowa Ungeri (ETT.) KOVATS, Betulashiragica HUZIOKA. Carpinus carPinoides
MAKINO, C. miocordata HU et CHANEY, C.
simplicibracteata HUZ!OKA, Ostrya slziragimw HUZIOKA, and Quercus miocrispula
HUZIOKA.

Explanation of the Plate 25(The figures are of natural size otherwise stated)
The specimens are stored in the Institute of Geology and Mineralogy,
Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo.
Figs. 1-2. Cyclobalatwpsis Mmldraliscae (GAUDIN) TANAI Lac. Ryuhokudo, Kokangen coal-mine,
N. Kankyo-Do, Engelhardtia Bed.
Fig. 3. Quercus miocrispula, sp. nov. (x2/3) Loc. Kinkodo. Usen-men, Geizitu·gun, N. Keisyo·Do,
Changi group.
Fig. 4. Cyc/obalanopsis sp. a Lac. Ryuhokudo, Kokangen coal-mine, N. Kankyo·Do, Engelhardtia
Bed.
Fig. 5. Cfr. CyclobalanoPsis gilva OERSTED Lac. Ditto.
Fig. 6. Cyclobalanopsis sp. b Loc. Ditto.
Figs. 7-10. Quercus Kodairae, sp. nov. Lac. Ditto.
Fig. 11. Quercz1s sp. Lac. Ditto.

:K. H uziOKA: Tertiary Plants from T yosen (Korea).

T. TAKAYAsu photo.

P LATE 25

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. N.S, No. 16, pp. 201-211, Pl. 26, 1 text·fig., Dec. 15, 1954

257. A SINOSPIRIFER-FAUNULE FROM THE ABUKUMA
PLATEAU, NORTHEAST JAPAN, IN COMPARISON WITH
THE SO-CALLED UPPER DEVONIAN BRACHIOPOD
FAUNULE OF THE KITAKAMI MOUNTAINS*ICHIRO HAYASAKA and MASAO MINATO
Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Hokkaido University

tll.~r.J:l;jiU)i!!j/j.l:t)5~f.ftili:~ / lR.'ffir.J:li.:i:!in.. t.:. ~~Lt.:!OO.lE_~Q;>J13ID)r.j:ll:. SinosPirifer sinensis
australis MAXWELL (1951 ), Cyrtospirifer. Chonetes, Camarotoeclzia ~il;~lb l?tl,, ~I?< it 7' 17 ::t~wc~AA~ ~-t'lb Q)Q) J: ? 'li~~<> :lf,!:WJ Q) {-, U)(i~t..I:U-111!! Q)J: !r~~ ( = ifr ~Hi~) ~ 1::: {-,, C.vrfo·
spirifer cf. ki11dlei STAI:-\BROOK :ilF.V:i::il~U) 2 f!!U:;~t:::~i"~ (" Sp. vemeui/i" 1t-m31:>L?hf)otJ• <-c rr~J~H..l:i'ffi-T 17 :/*·r:~ ~.:. t .o:~31:> t.:>;tt..;, t~t:. . .:. Q)~t\;U).i!f!!f!J.o:~cl:tl' I?~Jit~7)ft!!
1.fj;:'f"'{i:jit;O:-::>-cl.·~.:. C.tJ;hb•-?f.:o ~W:Itj!~);::j!!~~;ll...;,?i'i'~tJ;~~olj!-ifJ:-~~ • ~ JEll*

The Abukuma plateau is one of theregions of Japan which had not been
intensely studied from the side of stratigraphy and paleontology, except for thecoal-bearing southern parts, until about
the close of the World War II, when agroup of geologists started to engage
themselves in the field works along various untrodden lines of research.
The writers of this note happend tohave the pleasure of examining a faunuleconsisting of a small number of species ofbrachiopods collected by Toshio SATO,
a post-graduate student in the Tokyo
University of Education, who had devoted
himself in the stratigraphical researchin a region west of the maritime city
Nakamura, Fukushima Prefecture, in thenorthernmost part of the Abukuma
plateau.
The fossils arc preserved in a hard,silicified shale, containing abundant
plant fragments, dark gray in color, but
by no means in a favorable state offossilization to retain the details of thestructures inside, except for a few specimens of spiriferids. Most of them are
more or less deformed, owing to thecrustal disturbance, and many are mere
external molds impressed on the surfaceof the shale. In the few relatively wellpreserved specimens of spiriferids somefeatures of the beak region are ob!lerved :by means of these features identificationof the spiriferids is ventured in thisnote.
It is of interest and of some importance, however, that the Abukuma
faunule at disposal consists of forms
comparable to and roughly identifiablewith those that were reported by H.
YABE and M. NooAll from the region of
Nakakura in the southern part of theKitakami mountains in the north beyond
the Bay of Sendai. In their note thepictures of what they identified with
SPirifer verneuili MuRcmsor-; were given,
and, as associate fossils " Chonetes lzardrensis PmL." and "R lzyttchonella pleurodon PHIL." as well as a pelecypod looking like an Aviculopecten were put onrecord. In a later note NonA enlarged* Read Oct. 9. 1954; received Aug. 21. 1954.
201

202

Ichiro HAYASAKA and Masao Ml:-<ATO

the list of the fossils as follows: Spirifer( Trigonotreta) verneuili MuRcHISON,
Rlty1zchonella plezerodon (Pun.. ), Chonetes
hardrmsis PHIL., Avicttlopecten cf. losseni(Kor,::-;gN ), lvlurchisonia? sp. indet, andFmestella sp. beside indeterminable
tetracorals and crinoid fragments,2>
The comparison between the cor·
responding component species of the two
faunules is tried in the following pages.
As will be seen in the descriptions of
the species to follow, the Abukuma andthe Kitakami faunules are not identicalin a strict sense, but it is quite evident
that they are very much alike as awhole.
As to the geological age of theKitakami faunule YABE and NooA laidstress on the occurrence of what they
regarded Spirifer verneuili on accountonly of the surface sculpture of thesteink~rn specimens.
The two otherassociate species, provided that identifi·
cation was unanimous, are forms known
to occur both in the lower Carboniferous
and in the upper Devonian in Europe.
This seems to show why Y ABE andNoDA remarked about the age of their
Spirifer verneuili faunule that "thegeological age of the fossiliferous bed iseither the upper Devonian or the lowest
Carboniferous ..................... "In the meantime, a discovery of thefossiliferous Devonian and Gotlandian
formations was reported by H. Y ABE
and T. St:GIYAMA3' in the area north of
Sakari, recently a part of the city of
Ofunato, about 35 l<m to the east of
Nakakura. In the succession of strata
ranging from Gotlandian upwards inthis locality, the upper Devonian is·Characterized by the occurrence of ahorizon with Leptae1za4>; the fossilferous
horizon is described to be rich in theremains of brachiopods, trilobites, cepha·lopods, tetracorals and fenestellid bryo·zoans, all of the upper Devonian ap·
pearance.
Unfortunately, however, no further
accounts of these fossils have been
published since.
However, according to more recent anddetailed stratigraphical and paleontological studies carried out chiefly by thejunior writer-'' of this paper, this socalled horizon with Leptaena includes
species yielded from different stratigraphical units that are Carboniferous.
What concerns us with respect to the
problem embodied in this study is what
is called the Tobigamori formation in
the present usage.6> The Tobigamori
formation, in this sense, is the equivalentof th~ Nakakura formation of T Ac!U·BAKA7J, which is characterized by thefrequent occurrence of Cyrtospirifer.
In a paper presented to the 6th Pacific
Science Congress, 1936. YABES> statedthat the Nakakura beds, at least its fossiliferous parts, are either younger·
Devonian or basal Eo·Carboniferous inage, as before, but the list of fossils
was a little enlarged, by adding Mrtrchisonia ?, fenestellicls, tetracorals andcrinoid stems.
Examining the fossils from the Abukuma plateau as carefully as possible,
the writers are convinced that the spiriferids in their material are not strictly
identifiable with Sp. verneuili.
Thelatter species was once considered to havea wide range in the form of the shell.
But in regard to the morphologicalfeatures retained in some of the specimen!' examined it is ascertained that the
Abukuma spiriferids contain Sittospirifer
sinensis var. australis MAXWELL, 1951
.and a Cyrtospirifer sp.
The Tobigamori (Nakakura) faunuleof Kitakami at disposal also has been
examined at the same time. In it thewriters have been able to distinguish threeA SinosPirifer-Faunule from the Abukuma Plateau

species of Cyrtospirifer, one of which .
closely resembles C. kindlei STAISBRODK,
and the other two specifically indeterminable.
In neither of the faunules in the collection forms identifiable with sp. verneui/i s.s. h:we been recognized.
Concerning the chonetid, the writers
cannot say anything more than that Ch.
hardrensis PIIIL is one of the known
speci~ that appear to be more or lessclosely allied to the one from Japan dealt
with in this note.
As to the rhynchonelid, the writers
have been able to find that there are seve·ral species both of the Devonian and
the Carboniferous ages that resemble thefossils from the Abukuma and the
Kitakami regions, as far as the characters
retained by them are concerned. Of
several genera or subgenera collectively
called the rhynchonellids, it is suggested
that it is Camarofoachia that theJapanese fossils should be considered tobelong to.
However, whether the Japanese species
is really C. pleurodon Pun.. or not, it isbeyond the writers' power to decide withsuch a scanty material like this.
According to the cursory observationby the junior writer in the region in the
A bukuma plateau where the fossils werecollected by SA TO, it seems there are
five fossiliferous zones in the Palaeozoic
sequence ranging from the bed with
Yabeina above, followed by those of
Lyttotzia, Pseudoschwageritza ?, and Lithostrotiotz, and that of Cyrtospiri[er below.
It is not known at the present moment
whether there arc other horizons corresponding to the stratigraphical units
recognized in the southern Kitakami
region. It is so far certain, however,that the zone with Cyrtospirifer occupies
the lowest of the fossiliferous horizons,and also that the zone with the corals

203

like Lithostrotion roughly corresponds to
the Onimaru series of the Kitakami
mountains.
In both regions the zones with Cyrtospirijer are formed of very similarrocks, chiefly being silicified shales, andcharacteristically rich in fragmentary
plant remains : the fossilifHous horizon
is underlain by beds of schalstein, reddish purple in color, equally in both theregions. The fact that the Cyrtospiriferzone is exposed close in contact with the
Litlzostrotion zone in the Abukuma pla·
teau is conjectured to correspond to theerosion unconformity ascertained in the
profiles of certain parts of the Kitakami
mountains.9l
In conclusion, in north-eastern Honshyu
there is a horizon in the Paleozoic
sequence which is characterized byCyrtospirifer and a few other brachiopo:ls.
The horizon can not have its age exactly
decided with these fossils alone.
However, the fact that the Hikoroichi
series in the Kitakami Mountains unconformably overlying the Tobigamori formation with Cyrtospirifer is lower Car·
boniferous, seems to point to the viewthat the Cyrtospirzfer fauna is rather
younger Devonian than older Carboni·ferous in age in north Japan.
The writers like to express their cordial thanks to Messrs. K. TASHIRO and
T. SHIBAZAKI for their kind companionship in the field, and to Mr. Toshio S.-\To
for his generosity to entrust them his
valuable material for investigation.
Description of Species

Sinospirifer sinensis GRABAU em.
T!EN (1938)
var. australis MAXWEt.t., 1951
PI. 26. Figs. 1-6

204lchiro HAY AS AKA and Masao MINATO

1951. Sinosp. si11ensis var. australis, MAXWELL :-Upper Devonian and Middle Carboniferous Brachiopods of Queensland.
.Univ. Quee11sland Papers, vo/. 3, no. 14,
p. 6, pl. I, figs. 1-16; pl. II. figs. 1-3.

Shell spiriferoid, sub-equally convex,
wider than long: hinge-line as long as
the greatest width of the shell : cardinal
extremities acute : sinus rather prominent, sinal plications simple as far as
visible. Ventral beak small, pointed,
slightly incurved over area which isrelatively high and slightly concave.
Internally, diverging strong but relatively short delthyrial-supporting plates
embrace oval-shaped muscualr impression which is longitudinally striated :between delthyrial-supporting plates is a
low but long median septum which divides the muscular scar into two parts.
Transverse delthyrial plate is incompletely preserved in certain specimens.
Laterals covered by simple plicationsand very faint, thread-like concentric
markings: plicae in alternation withmuch narrower interspaces : plicae tend
to be obscure anteriorly.
Sinus divided by two, long and strong
primary plicae starting immediately below beak into three sub-equal area :these plicae accompany one or twoothers on either side. Following sinal
formulae recognized in some specimens:

1+1+1+1+1+1
2+1+1+1+1+2
Remarks :-The material at hand is,
as stated above, by no means in a very
favorable state of preservation, but wehave been able to recognize the presenceof a transverse delthyrial plate. Thus,
it is highly probable that the species
under consideration belongs to either
Cyrtospirifer or Sinospirifer, as is evident
from the observed characteristics des-cribed above.
The Abukuma specimens, as a whole.
are relatively small in size, and thedelthyrial-supporting plates are rather
short and fairly curved. These fossils,
therefore, are much more likely to be
ascribed to the genus Sinospirifer rather
than to Cyrtospz'rifer.
Meanwhile, among the Chinese speciesof Sinospirrfer as defined either by
GRABAU or TIEN, there is none withwhich the Abukuma form can be identified. As far as is known to the writers, anAustralian variety of the popular Chinese
species Sinospirifer sinensis, recently
reported by MAXWELLioJ from the upper
Devonian formation, namely, Sinosp.
sinensis var. australis, appears to be
most closely related to the Abukuma
form, especially in point of size, form,
inner structure and sinal formula.
The so-called Spirifer (Trigonotreta)vernereili of Y ABE and NonA, refl.!rred toelsewhere, from the Tobigamori formation of the Kitakami mountain region
resembles the Abukuma species in general features. According to the writers observations on the material from the very
locality where YABE and NonA's specimens were yielded, it is certain that the
specimens vary in form probably due tosubsequent deformation. It is not easy
to decide the species, consequently. In
reality, there are individuals of the typeof Sp. verneuili among the specimens,
but as the description and illustration of
YABE and NooA's fossils are not enoughto give the details of the specimens, it
is quite uncertain whether or not the
specimens in the collection and those of
YABE and NonA are identical. However,as some of them show to possess straightand long delthyrial-supporting plates
within, the probability is great that they
belong to CyrtosPirifer rather than to

Sinospirifer.

A Sillospirifer·Faunule from the Abukuma Plateau

Hor.: Tobigamori series, Ainosawa
formation.
Loc.: Ainosawa, Kamitochikubo, Uagaya-mura, SOma-gun, Fukushima Prefecture.§
Colt.: T. S ..no, Reg. nos.: 17825,
17826, 17832, Department Geol. Min., Fac.
Sci., Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo.
Cyrtospirzfer cfr. kindlei S-rA 1 NBROOK
Pl. 26, Figs. 7-9
1900. Spiri/er whitneyi, KIKDI.E(non HALL,
1858): The Devonian fallna of the Ouray
Limestone Bull. U.S.G.S. 391, p. 24, Pl. 8,
fit;!s. 2-5a.
1947. Cyrtospjrifer kindlei, STAI:->BROOK: Brachiopoda of the Percha shale of New
Mexico and Arizona. four. Palaeo11t. ~·ol.
21, p. 318, pl. 44, figs. 1-2. 7-12.

Numerous specimens are at disposal
for study, but all of them arestrongly deformed ; furthermore, they
are only ventral valves preserved asinternal and external casts. Neither thefeatures of the beak nor the cardinal
area are observable, unfortunately.
Accordingly, it is quite difficult tocompare them with the known species.
Notwithstanding, judged from the shellform, and the nature of the shell, it isbeyond doubt, that these specimens
belong to the genus Cyrtospiri/er. Description follows.
Shell large, strongly convex, culminating almost in the center, subquadrate
or subpentagonal in outline, far wider
than long, the greatest width equaling
the hinge-line, cardinal extremities
slightly produced and auriculate, sometimes slightly flattened against the visceral part of the shell; lateral margins
nearly, straight, and anterior co:nmissure

205

strongly sulcate, with antero-lateral angles bluntly pointed a littl~.
Umbonal region looks str.:mgly protruded over hinge-line because of deformation, suggesting its being strongly
convex; beak not observed, but possibly
a little incurved over the hinge-line.
Area high? and slightly incurved : delthyrium rather narrow.
Sinus begins immediately below thebeak as a narrow and shallow depression, but becomes broader and deeper
anteriorly, and separated from the lateralslopes by two relatively strong ribs.
The sinal plications conform with thetypical triplicate formulae:

Ix
2+1x+1+1+I+Ix+2
2+I+lx+y+lx+I+2
1+1x+l+lx+y+lx+l+1x 1
Internaly, provided with long andstraight delthyrial-supporting plates,
which only slightly diverge anteriorly;
median septum Jacking.
Laterals are covered by as many as
more than 30 simple, radiating plicae
which are flat especially in the anteriorpart, separated by narrow interspaces :toward cardinal margin they become
finer and indistinct.
Remarks :-The Kitakami specimens
can by no means be specifically identified
with either the Devonian species ofSinospirifer described by GRABAulll and
TmN12J or those of the Cyrtospirijer ofEurope. Judging from size, nature ofribs, shell configuration and internal
structures, the present species rather
strongly resembles the American orAustralian species hitherto described,
especially Cyrtospirifer kindlei, describedby STAINBROOJ< from the Percha formation, the lowest member of the Mississippian. According to STAIKBROOK,I3> the206lchiro HAYASAKA and Masao Ml:o-;ATO

plications either on lateral slopes or in
the sinus, appear to be more numerous
in his species than in the Kitakamispecimens. However, we have to keep
in mind that the specimens at hand are
all in an unfavorable state of preservation, so that the plications are mostly wornout especially around the cardinal extremities, and are hardly to be counted.
The internal structures of the Kitakami
specimens and of STAINBRooK's species
look almost identical : in both of themdelthyrial-supporting plates (STAINBRooK's dental plates) are long and straight,
curving onlY slightly toward the anterior margin of the shell, and without
a median septum between them.
Such being the case, the writers aredisposed to believe that the Kitakami
fossils and STAINBROoK's species are very
intimately related, if not identical.
In the general outline of the shell andthe internal structure, as well as in theconvexity of the ventral valve, theKitakami specimens more or less resemble the species described by MAXWELLw
as Cyrtospirifer reidi from the Mount
Morgan district, Australia, but they are
not to be specifically identified, as thelatter is generally larger in size and its
sinal formulae are more complicated.
Spiri{er wllitneyi HALL also more orless resembles the Kitakami species.
However, the former is not only relatively smaller in size, but also its plicae
show an aspect different from those of
the latter. As already pointed out by
STAINBROOK the plicae of Spirifer whitn·
eyi are broadly convex and separated bywider and dee'per interspaces; those inboth the Kitakami specimens and STAlKBROoK's Cyrtospiri/er ki11dlei (non HAu.)
are much flatter and the interspaces
much narrower. Furthermore, Spirzfer
whit1zeyi is less convex than either of thelatter. On the other hand, Spirifet·

whitheyil5> was regarded by GRABAU tobe a Sinospirifer, but not a Cyrtospirifer,
the internal structure probably being
different from that of the Kitakami
specimens.
!lor. :-Tobigamori series, Tobigamori
formation.
Loc. :-Nakakura, Nagasaka·mura, Higashi-Iwai-gun, Iwate Prefecture.~
Colt.: M. MINATo.
Reg. nos.: 17831, 17833, 17834, 15761,
15942. Department of Geol. and Min.,
Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Univ.

Cyrtospirifer sp. indet. a
Pl. 26, Fig. 10; Text-fig. 1

vemeuili, YABE
and NuDA (non l'viURCHISoN) : Discovery
of Spirifer vermmili MURCHISO:". Proc,

1953. Spirifer (Trigonotreta)

Imp. Acad., Tokyo, vol . .9, p. 521, figs. 1-4,
6, 5?

Shell spiriferoid in outline, medium tolarge in size, subequally biconvex, transverse, much wider than long; hinge-line
straight, representing the greatest widthof shell ; cardinal extremities slightly
constricto-produced, apparently acute, in
deformed individuals.
Internally, ventral valve is provided
with rather a short but straight pair ofdelthyrial-supporting plates, diverging
anteriorly, without median septum.
Sinus shallow and narrow in umbonal
region, and strongly widening anteriorly.
Sinal plications quite simple; the sinal
formula in one of the young specimens
being
2+I+1+1+l+2.
----------

A SinosPirifer·Faunule from the Abukuma Plateau

207

Text-fig. 1: Cyrtospirifer sp. indet. a ( x 2.0)
Tobigamori formation. Kitakami mountains.

Dorsal valves show all the charac·
teristic features recognized in the specimens figured by Y ABE and NooA, especially the specimens, figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4
in their above-quoted paper. Fold isdistinct from the lateral slopes.
Whole shell surface is covered bynumerous simple plicae, furrows, andless numerous concentric striae. Plicae
are simple, radiating, broadly convex ornearly flat on top, alternating withrather narrow and deep furrows, both
becoming fainter towards the cardinal
extremities.
A typical specimen measures ca.
44 mm and ca. 21 mm in width andlength, respectively.
Remarks :-This species is easily distinguishable from the preceding by its
much more transverse form. It is quite
certain that this is synonymous withYABE and NonA's species. However, it
is difficult to decide whether this isreally Spirifer verneuili or not. As far
as the specimens examined by the writers
are concerned, they show divergence inthe shell outline and other features, fromthe original materials illustrated by
MURCHISON.

Hor. :-Tobigamori series, Tobigamori
formation.
Loc. :-Nakakura, Nagasaka-mura, Higashi-Iwai-gun, Iwate Prefecture.
Co/1.: M. MINATO.
Reg. No. :-15947, Department of Geol.
Min., Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Univ.

Cyrtospirifer sp. indet. b
Pl. 26, Fig. 11

Several specimens as internal casts ofventral valves and external casts of theventral and the dorsal at hand, all being
strongly deformed.
Shell small, inequally biconvex, theventral far more strongly convex thanthe dorsal ; spiriferoid in outline, hingeline equaling the greatest width of shelJ,
with acute and sometimes mucronate
cardinal extremities. Dimensions are
difficult to measure precisely because of
deformation, but one specimen measured
gives the rough idea of size, namely,
13 mm, 10 mm and 8 mm in width, lengthand thickness, respectively.
Ventral valve strongly convex, highest
behind the middle; umbo rather narrow,

208

lchiro HAY AS AKA and Masao l\IIKATO

sloping down from the umbonal region
rather abruptly toward cardinal extremities, and more gently toward anterolateral margins.
Sinus originating at beak, narrow but
rather deep in front. Umbo elevated,beak pointed, slightly incurved. Cardinal area quite high, almost flat, divided
by high and rather broad delthyrium.
Delthyrial-supporting plates rather
long and straight and only slightly
diverge anteriorly, with an obsolete
median septum. Umbo narrow, beaksmall and obtuse. Cardinal area extremely narrow.
Internal structure
unknown, median septum probably lacking.
Shell plicated, plicae numerous, seven?
being on fold and six in sinus, surface
impunctate; sinal
formulais asfollows:
1+1+1+1+1+1

Remarks :-The present fossils arecharacterized by relatively smaller size,
high cardinal area, and simple sinal
plications representing the triplicate
type.
Some species of Tenticospirifer appear
to be closely allied to the present specimens in point of relatively smaller sizeand high cardinal area. The specimegs
described by MANsuyJG> from Yunnan
under the name of Spirifer tenticulum,
together with specimens described by
GRABAU from South China as its variety,qtta1·drangularis GRABAU and the forms
called by TIErs Spirifer (Tenticospirifer)tenticulum are all considered as synonymous and especially closely resemble
the Kitakami specimens. However, thelatter lack the median septum of whatever kind in the dorsal valve: consequently, they are considered genericallydistinct from Tenticosospirifer, in spiteof strongly similar appearance.

In the external appearance only, theKitakami specimens show some likenessto certain of the specimens of Spinferverneuilt' MuRcmso:-~ in DA vwsoN (plateV, fig. 7 and pl. XXXVI. fig. 11) : bothof them are very small in size, andhave mucronate cardinal extremities.
However, they may also be specificallydifferent from the Kitakami specimens
in having a low cardinal area.
The Kitak:tmi specimens can not be
congeneric with Tenticospirifer, because
they lack median septum in the dorsal
valve, as stated above. They decidedly
belong to the genus Cyrtospirifer, because they are provided with relatively
long and rather straight delthyrial-supporting plates, and a quite high but fiat
cardinal area.
Among the known species of Cyrtospirifer, Cyrtospirifer breviposticus. described and figured by STAINBROoK fromthe Percha formation of North America,
may be most nearly related to the present Kitakami species, as far as the present writerc; can judge. Yet the American species may be specifically different
from the latter, in having a hinge-line
slightly shorter than the greatest widthof the shell, and less strong plications.

Hor. :-Tobigamori series, Tobigamori
formation.
Loc. :-Nakakura, Nagasaka-mura, 1-Iigashi-Iwai-gun, Iwate Prefecture.
Colt. :-M. Mr:\ATO.
Reg. nos. :-17828, 17829, 17830, Department of Geol. Min., Fac. Sci., Hokkaido
Univ.
Cyrtospirifer sp. indet. c
There are many more specimens ofspiriferids at disposal that came fromboth the Ainosawa formation of the
Abukuma plateau and the Tobigamori

A Siliospirifer-Faunule from the Abukuma Plateau

formation of the Kitakami mountains:
they belong doubtlessly to the genus
Cyrtospirzfer. They are all in a very
unfavorable state of preservation forstudy, arid do not allow identification.
However, as far as has been observedit seems quite certain that these specimens as a whole are specifically different
from either of the two described above.

Camarotoecltia sp.
andon Rhynchonellid and Chonetid.
Pl. 26, Fig. 12

In the collection at hand there are
a number of fragmentary and deformed specimens of a rhynchonellid
species, and much less of similarly preserved chonetids, in association withthose of Spirzfer (Cyrlospirifer). Mostof these fossils are molds of valves impressed on the surface of the slabs ofhardened shale, and nothing of the inner structures is to be observed. It isalmost impossible to decide their species
without knowing the inner characters.
On the other hand there is a small
lot of brachiopods from the Kitakami
mountains in our collection. They werecollected in the locality from where
Y AtlE and NonA once reported the occurence of their Spirifer vemezeili, Rhyncltonella pleurodon and Chonetes lzardretzsis, referred to elsewhere. In thepresent collection there are very poorly
fossilized specimens that correspond inappearance to those mentioned by thelatter authors.
There is hardly any doubt that thepresent specimens of rhynchonellid andchonetid are identical with those of Y ABE
and NonA, respectively.
Although it is extremely difficult tospecifically identify them, it is important

209·

that nobody can disregard a very closeaffinity between
therhynchonellidand chonetid from the Abukuma plateau
and those from the Kitakami mountainjust referred to. It is on account of thisthat such imperfect and deformed fossils
deserve consideration.
Of the chonetids (Pl. 26, fig. 12), however, the specimens are rather scanty inthe present collection, and the details of
sculpture are not very well recognized;
but the outline of the small valves istransverse, and almost semicircular inappearance, and looks really quite like
Chonetes ltardrensis which ranges from
Devonian to Carboniferous, but identification is by no means possible.
The rhynchonellids are also of rather
a small size, and are in somewhat better
state of preservation, retaining impressions of very acute radial plications thatcan be traced back to the beak which is
sharply pointed. The plicae are simple,
that is, they do not seem to divide: 3-4of them are counted in the shallow
median depression of the ventral valve,
while there are 5, 6 or possibly more on
the flanks or laterals. In these featuresthat are shown in the rhynchonellids
from both the Abukuma plateau andthe Kitakami mountains the writers arelead to the recognition of their very close
resemblance to R hyncltonella plezerodon,
as Y ABE and NonA wt'!re sometime ago.
The external characters observed in thespecimens at hand alone can not be
regarded as decisive of the species ofthe fossils, however, because there are
more than one species of the Paleozoic
brachiopods that have been characterized
by the similar features. Mention of a few
examples may be usucful in regard to thispoint. A form from Turkestan, Rh.
turatlica RoMANOWSKI,m which occured
abundantly in Chimkend district, in association with Spirifer disjunctus, has

210

lchirb HAYASAKA and Masao MINATO

the similar features. This is of special
interest because it is an Asiatic oc·
curence, and in association with Spirifer
disjtmcttts which is, if not identical, very
closely allied to the form quite popularin the upper Devonian formation ofEastern Asia. Another example fromCentral Asia is Rh. hofmamzi KRoT. as
was reported by VADAszl8 1 : this is an
Anthracolithic form, occuring in association with many other species including
Rh. ( Uncinzeltts) timorensis BEYR.
Among North American species Rh.
hars/ordi HALL may be a representative :a picture of the ventral view of a speci·
men is given in the paleontologicalstudies of the Eureka district by W AL·
COTT.l9l

Now, if the fossils at hand are really
identical with what was called RhyncJzo.
nella p!ettrodon, then they must be Camarotoechia pleurodotz according to themore recent taxonomic investigations. Al
though it is almost impossible to either
prove or disprove with such a poormaterial the existence of the divided
hinge-plates in the dorsal valve and adental plate in the ventral, characteristicof the genus Camarotoechia, there arein literature species of the latter genus
that have the similar features as thoseof the Japanese specimens here underdiscussion.
Nobody will fail to recognize theexternal likeness between the latter andCamarotoechia sobri1za STAINBROOK fromthe Percha shale of southern UnitedStates, the brachiopod faun,a being re·garded as early Mississippian . in age.
In this species three or sometimes moreof the 16 angular radial plicae arefound in the median depression. An
upper Devonian species from Iowa, described by the same author, C. cedarensis,20>also is similar externally, though less sothan the last one.

Resemblance of external features ofthis degree is found in many more of
the known species, reference to which
may not be necessary any more.
It is important to see that the Abu·
kuma and the Kitakami specimens of
the rhynchonellid belong to the genus
Camarotoechia, the specific affinity ofwhich is either with the Devonian orequally with the lower Carboniferous
species hitherto on record.

Hor. :-Tobigamori series, Ainosawa
formation and Tobigamori formation.
Loc. :-Nagasaka, Iwate Prefecture.
Coll. :-M. MINATo.
Reg. no. :-15956, 17837.
Loc. :-Ainosawa, Fukushima Prefecture.

Coil. :-T. SATO.
Reg. no. :-17836.
References
1) YABE. H. and NooA, M. (1933). On the
discovery of Spirifer vemeuili MURCHISON
in Japan. Proc. Imp. Acad. Tokyo, IX,
pp. 521-523.
2) NODA. 1\L (1934). Geol. researeh in theregion around Nagasaka, in the westernpart of the Kitakami mountains (Japanese).
]our. Geol. Soc. Japan, XLl. pp, 431-456.
3) YABE, H. and SUGIYAMA. T. (1937),
PreliminarY report on the fossiliferous
Gotlandian and Devonian deposits, newly
discovered in the Kitakami l'vlountainland.
Proc. Imp. Acad. XIII, pp. 417-420.
4) SUGIYAMA T. (1944), On the Japanese
Trilobites, (Japanese). Sci. Rep. Geol.
Min., I11st., Tokyo Bunrika Daigaku. 110.
1. pp. 21-30.
- - . (19·11). The Devonian system of China.
four. Geography (JaPanese), vol. 3. 110s.
629, 631. 634. pp. 16-23, 28-40, 21-30.
5) :MINATO, M. (1950), Zur Orogenes~ udn

zum Vulkanismus im jiingeren Palaeo·
zoikum des Kitakami Gebirge, Nord-A Sit10spiri/er-Faunule from the Abukuma Plateau
Honsyu, Japan. ]our. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido
Univ .. Ser. IV. VII, no. 3, pp. 277-302.
- - , ( 1950-a), Stratigraphische Stellung derHikoroiti-Serie (Japanese with German
resume). ]our. Geol. Soc. Japan, LVI, p.
143-148, 1950.
- - . (1951). On the Lower Carboniferous
fossils, Northeast Honsyu, Japan. ] our.
Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ., Ser. IV. VII, p.
355-382.
- - , (1952). A further note on the Lower
Carboniferous fossils of the Kitakami
mountainland, Northeast Japan. ibid. VIII,
pp. 136-174.
- - , (1953). Palaeogeographie des Karbons
in Ostasien. Proc. Japan Acad. 29, pp,246-253.
6) HAYASAKA, 1. and MtNATO, 1\•1. (1951),
Carboniferous formations in the Japaneseislands. Compte Rendu Troisieme Co11gres
Strat. Geol. Carb. Heerlen, pp. 267-274.
7) l\11:-!ATO. M. (1952), On the Japanese
Palaeozoic. Part 1 (Japanese). Bull. Geol.
Committee, Hokkaido, 19, pp. 1-25.
8) HA YASAKA, I. and MI:\ATO, M. (1954).
The Palaeozoic of Japan. Comptes Reudus
de /a Dix-Neuvieme Session Alger. 1952

(Congres Geol. bzternational) Sec. Xl!I.
pp. 195-204.
9) TACHIBA:\A, K. (1952), On the Tobigamori group of the Nagasaka district,
Kitakami mountainland. (Japanese). ]our.
Geol. Soc. Japan. vol. 58, pp. 353-366;
445-455.
10) YABE, H. (1939), Palaeozoic formations of
the Japanese islands. Proc. sixth PacificSci. Congr. pp. 377-392.

211

11)

MI!'ATO. M. (19-14). Die Transgression
der Ober-Vise-Stufe im Kitakami-Gebirge,(nordostliches Honsyu) Japan. Proc. Imp.
Acad. Tokyo. XX. p. 163.
12) MAXWELL, W. (1951). Upper Devonianand Middle Carboniferous Brachiopods ofQueensland. Univ. Queensland Paper. vol.
3. no. 14, p. 6.
13) GRABAU. A.W. (1931), Devonian Brachiopoda of China. Pal. Sinica, Ser. B. vol.
3. fmc. 3, p. 343.
14) T!EN, C.C. (1938), Devonvian Brachiopodaof Hunan. Pal. Sittica. new ser. B. no. 4.
p. 117.
15) STAINBROOK, M.A. (1947), Brachiopodaof the Percha shale of New Mexico andArizona. ]our. Palaeont. val. 21. p. 320.
16) MAXWELL, W. (1950). An upper Devonian
Br:tchiopod (Cyrtospirifer reidi sp. nov.)
Univ. Queensland Paper. val. 3, no. 12.
17) HALL, ]. and CLARKE, ]. (1893), Pal. of
N.Y. vol. 8.
18) MA!'\SUY, H. (1912). Pal. Yunnan Oriental. Mem. Serv. Geol. Indochine. vol. 1,

lase. II.
19)

ROMANOWSKI. G. (1880), Materialien zur
Geologie v. Turkestan. I Lieferung. Geol.
u. Palaeont. ii.ber d. nordwestl. ThiauSclwn, usw .. pp 110-111.
20) V ADASZ, M.E. ( 1911), PalaeontologischeStudien aus Zentralasien. p. 86.
21) WALCOTT, C. (1884). U.S.G.S. Mono gr.
vol. Vlii, p. 152.
22) STAINBROOK. M. (1942), Brachiopoda of
the Ceder Valley beds of Iowa. ]our. Pal.
vol. XVI, pp. 611-2.

Explanation of Plate 26(All figures in natural size, unless otherwise stated)
Figs. 1-6. Sitlospirifer sinensis GRABAU em. TIEN var. australis MAXWELL. Ainosawa formation,
Abukuma plateau.
Figs. 7-9. CyrtosPirifer cfr. kindlei STAINBROOK. Tobigamori formation, Kitakami mountains.
Fig. 10. Cyrtospirifer sp. indet. b. Fig. lOb, x2. Tobigamori formation, Kitakami mountains.
Fig. 11. Chonetes sp. indet. Fig. lla. x 2. Tobigamori formation. Kitakami mountains.
Fig. 12. Camarotoecltia? sp. indet. Ainosawa formation, Abu kuma plateau.

I. HAYASAKA & M. MrNATO: Upper Devonian Brachiopoda.

5s. KuMANo photo.

PLATE 26

213

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY
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Tertiary Molluscs from the Taishu Mine,
Tsushima, Nagasaki Prefecture. Japan(ft-~) .......................... KANNO, Saburo
On Some New Species of Propeamussiumfrom Japan. (Part 1) (ft[0't) ... OMORI, Masae
Notes on Palaeogene Mollusca from Hiro·shima, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. (f\':~)................................ HIRAYAMA, Katsumi
On the Occurrence of Nakamuranaia from
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............................................ MATSUO, H.
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Hidaella, A New Genus of the Pennsylvanian
Fusulinids from the Fukuji District, EasternPart of the Hida 1\lountainland, Central
Japan ............ .. ............................... ..
...... FUJ!l\lOTO, Haruyoshi and !Go, Hisayoshi
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A Preliminary Note on the Evolution of
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On some early and middle Jurassic Trigonians
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The Vaugoniidae from the Kitakami Moun·tains in North Japan ................................ .
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On the Occurrences of Aturia in Provinces ofEtchu and lwami and their Bearing on the
Palaeoflumentology in the Miocene of Japan.
............ KoBAYASHI, T. and MASATANI, K.
On the Lower Triassic Ammonites of Iwai,
Oguno-mura, Kwanto Mountainland, Japan(t\::lWI!) ... ..................... SAI<AGAMI, Sumio
A Fcordiceras from the Permian Formationof Central Japan ................................... .
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-------------------

SYSTEMATIC INDEX(Note:

Every r eference is to the number of article)
PALAEOZOOLOGY
Protozoa

ASANO, K.: Miocene Foraminifera from the Shintotsugawa Area, Kabato-gun, Hokkaido ..... . 233- - - - : Miocene Foraminifera from the Honya Shale, Joban Coal-Field .... .. ....... ..... ..
234
KONISHI, K.: New Boultonia and Other Microfossils from North Thailand (Siam) .... ........... 241
lWASA, S. & KIKUCHI, Y.: Foraminifera from the Sugota Formation, Akita Prefecture,Ja pan ... ................ ........... ....... .. .......... ... .. ... .. ......... . .... .................... ... .. .... ........ ... ....... 255
MA TSUKAGA, T. : Oinomikadoina ogiensis, n. gen., n. sp., from the Pliocene of Niigata, Japan ... 251
ToRIYAMA, R.: A Gigantic Fusulinid specie> from the Kitakami Massif, N ortheastern Japan ... 254
Echinodermata
MoRISHITA, A.: Fossil Species of Palaeopneustidae from Ja pan .. ...... .... ........ . ... ... ... ... ....... .. 230
Neogene Echinoids from Gifu Prefecture, Ja pan ................ .. .. ....... .... .. ....... ..... ... ... 235- - - : Recent and Fossil Species of Brissus from Ryukyu .... ..... ..... . ... ... ....... ........ .... .... . 245

Molluscoidea
H;AYASAKA, I. : Hamletella, A New P e rmian Genus of Brachiopoda, and A New Species fromthe Kita kam i Mountains, Japan ............... ........... ... . ....... .... . ....... .......... .... ........ ..... ..... 239
HAYASAKA, I. and M! NATO, M .: A Sinospirifer-Faunule from the Abukuma Plateau, Northeast Japan, in Compar ison with the So-called Upper Devonian Brachiopod Faunule of theKitakami Mountains ... ... ... ....... .. ... .. . ... ... .... ... ....... ... ........... ... ... ... .. . ...... ... ......... .. ........ 257
MI NA TO, M. : On Some Reticulate Spiriferidae ... .... .. ......... ... .. .. ... ...... ... ....... . .. ...... .. ... .. .. ... 236

Mollusca
HAT AI, K. and MASUDA, K.: On the Pecten notoensis YoKOYAMA ..... . ........ . ........... . ......... 237
HAYASAKA, I. a nd HAY AS AKA, S. : Fossil Assemblages of Molluscs a nd Brachiopods ofUnusually Large Sizes from the P ermian of Japan ... ........ . ..... . .... ... .... .... .. ... ..... ......... .. 232
HAYASAKA, I. and UozuMI, S.: F ossil Species of Genus Mercenaria from the Cenozoic Depositsof Hokka ido .... .... .... ..... ........... .. ... .. . .. ..... ... ...... ..... .. .. .... .... ... .. .. ..... ........... ........ .. .... .. 252
KAMADA, Y.: Patinopecten kobiyamai, a New M iocene Scallop from the Joban Coal-field ,J apan ..... ... . ........... . ...... .. ........ .. ..... .. ... ......... .. ... ..... . ... ..... . ..... . ......... ...... .............. . ... 253
Ko TAKA, T . : Variation of Japanese A nadara granosa .... ..... .... .. ... .......... .. ... ... ... .. ... .. .......... . 231
MASUDA, K. : A ne w P ectinid from the Moniwa form ation ... .. . .... .... .. .. . .. .... . ........ .... .. .. ...... 250
Two Miocene Pec tens . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 238
Pecten akitanus YoKoYAMA and Chlamys nisataiensis OTUKA .. .. . .. .. .. . ...... .. . ... ..
242
On " Pecten" arakawai N o MURA ... .. ... . ........ ..... .... ..... .. ......... .............. . .......... ..... 248
MATSUMoTo, T. and HASHIMoTo, W.: A Find of P seudaspidoceras from Hokkaido, Japan .. . 240
M I ZUNO, A.: Notes on the M iocene Molluscs from t he Kumano Gro up in the South-Eastern
K ii Peninsula, Japan, With Descripti ons of T hree New Species ... ... ..
.. ........ ....... . ... 228
21 5

216

Systematic Index

VertebrataSill KAMA, T. : On A New Land Turtle from Palaeogene of Hokkaido ............................... 229

PALAEOBOTANYHUZIOKA, K. : Notes on Some Tertiary Plants from Korea (Tyosen), Ill ........................... 343
HuziOKA, K.: Notes on Some Tertiary Plants from Tyosen (Korea). IV ........................... 256- - - and SUZUKI, K.: The Flora of the Shiotsubo Formation of the Aizu Lignite-field,
Hukushima Pref., Japan ........................................................................................... 246
MATSUo, H.: Discovery of Nelumbo from the Asuwa Flora (Upper Cretaceous) in Fukui
Prefecture, in the Inner Side of Central Japan ........................................................... 249
OKUNo, H. : Electron-microscopic Fine Structure of Fossil Diatoms. I ................................. 244
II .......................................................................................... 247
TANAI, T.: Notes on Some Plant Fossils from Ennichi (Yongil) Group in Southern Korea,
11 ................................................ ·············································································· 227

INDEX OF FOSSILS
Notes; Every reference is to the number of article : words in italics are names ofgenera and species ; words in heavy type, names of new families, genera and species.

- - t~isataiensis ....................................... 242
Cibicides tani ........................................ 255
Condrotllyris.....
.. ......................... 236
Coscitwdisws elegm1s.
.. ...................... 24l- - /iueatus.. ............. .............................. 244- - margitmtus ....................................... 244- - octdus-ifidis ..... .................................. 244
Cribroelplziditlm imanisllii ........................ 233
Cf. Cyclobalauopsis gilva .......................... 256
CyclobalanoPsis I-Iuziokai ........................ 227- - Mandra/iscae .. ............................ 227, 256
sp. a, b ........................................... 256
Cymbe/la Ehrenbergii .. ............................... 247
Cyrtospirifer cf. kindlei ............................ .257
sp. a, b, c ...................................... 257

A
Acer dcbilum ...
.. ............ 246
sp.............
. ......................... 246
Achmmthes latJceolala forma vtmtricosa ..... 247
Actinella brasiliensis ............................... 247
Aclitwcyclus el/iPiicus .... ............................ 247
Cf. Alnus japonica .......................... .......... 246
AlniiS titJcloria .. ........................................ 246
Anadara (Peclinatarca) kliensis .............. 228· - (Scapharca) rwkanwrai .................. 228- - (Trgillarca) obcsso ........................ 231( - ) granosa ................................ 231
ArchaeoptJeustes cf. hystrix ........................ 230
Astriclypeus mmmi .. ................................ 235- - minoensis ...... .................................... 235
Auliscus Pmi1wsus........................... 247

D
Didymosp/lenia geminata ........................... 247

BE

Bellerophotl jmJesiatms . ... . .. .. .. .. .... .. ....... 232.. .................... 246
Betula myongciJOncnsis ........................ 243- - shiragico ..................................... 243
Boultor1ia tnmcata ..
.. ................ 241
sp .................................................... 241
Brissus latecari11atus ................................ 245

Cf. Betula Ermanni .

Echitwcyamus uisPus ...... .......................... 235
E/lipsotJodosaria ugoensis ........................ 255
Epimastopora yosl1imurai ........................ 241
EPonicles IJatakeyamoi ........................... 255

Fc

Cf. Fagus cre11ata.......................... 246
Fagus Hayatae ......... ............................... 227
Fraximts ennicllicnsis ........................... 227- - it~sularis .......................................... 227

Camarotoechia sp. ...
.. ..................... 257
Campylodiscus Damelianus ........................ 247- - echeneis .........................................247
Carpim1s carPhwides ................................. 243- - eros a...............
.. ....................... 246- - - - e/lipticibracleata ........................ 243- - Kodairae·bracteata .............. ................ 243- - miocordala .. .. ..
.. ....................... 243- - simPlicibracteata . ............................... 243
Castanea castamaefo/ia ..... ......................... 227
Chlamys akitana .................................... 242- - arakawai .......................................... 248- - kumanoclbcnsis .. ........
. ....... 238

G
Gcorgetllyris ......... ................................. 2.36
Geyerella ................................................ 239
Guttu/itla asanoi ................................... 255

HJlam/etello .......................................... 239- - kitakamicnsis.. .... .. .. .. : .................. 239
217

Index of Fossils

218

K.. 236

Kitakamithyris- · Sambonsgii ...
. ............... 246
Pseudaspidoceras sorachiense .................. 240

Q

L
Lepidoli na ? gi.qcm tea....................... 254.............. 255
Lenticulina huziokai
Lithocarpus. miohypophaea......... 227................. 227- - protokonishii

Cf. Quercus dentata................... 256

Quercus Kodairae ................................. 256- - koraica ... . .................................... 227
miocrispula .................................. 256
sp. ...... .
. ...................... 256

R. ..... 236
1\lartirwtlzyris ..... .
.239
Meekella . ................................ .
. .... 247
Melosira granulata ........... .
- - - - forma curvata .......................... 247
Mercenaria chilauiatw........ 252- - sigciramiimsis . . . . .. . . .
. ............ 252- - s/impsoni .. . .. . .. . . .. . . .
. ......... 252..... 252
- - Y·iizukaiN. .................... 237
1Vanaoclzlamys ..
...... 237- - notoensis
Na11icu/a americaua............................. 247......... 236•Veberwthyris... 249
Net umbo orienta/is ......... .
. .. 233
Notzionella hmzzawai ........ .

- 0Oinomikacloina..... 251
- - ogiensis .. .
. ............................. 251
Oketaella sp.... ... . . ...... ... ...
. ....... 241
Opeplzora Martyi....
. ....................... 247
Ortltotetes ............................................. 239(Derbyia) .................... ..................... 239
Orthotetitza .... .......................................... 239
Orthotichia japonica ................................. 232
Ostrya shiragiana.......................... 243

Reticularia .. . .. . .. . ..
........................ 236
Robulus sugotaensis .............................. 255
Rotalia beccarii honyaensis ..................... 234- - tanosawaensis .............................. 255
Rugosofusu/ina sp .................................... 241

s
Cf. Salix jessoensis ................................... 246
Salix Lackschewitzimza .............................. 246

Saracenaria akitaensis .......................... 255
Schizaster sp. . ......................................... 235
Schuchertella ... .......................................... 239
Sclzwagerina cf. kueich01iensis ..................... 241
sp .................................................... 241
Sinolzadriallus ezoensis ........................... 229
Sinospiri/er sinensis var. australis ......... ...... 257
Sinothyris ..................................... ."...... 236
Spirelytha ............................................. 236
Squamu/aria ............................................ 236
Streptorlzynclms .. .
. ........................... 239

T
Tilia sp.
. ..................................... 246
Timoclea nipponica ... . . . . . . ...
. ............ 228
Toryni/er ................................................ 236
Triticites spp. . ........................................ 2'U
Troclzammina nipponica ........................... 233

pv

Palaeopneusfes ct. crista/us .
. ......... 230
Pati11opecten kobiyamai...... 253- - nakajimai.
............................. 250
Phricodothyris ...... ... ... ..
. .......... 226- - lucenza...................
........ 236
Placopectetz nomurai .............................. 2~8
Plectofrondicularia japonica ..................... 233
Popu!tiS aizuana .................................. 246

Virgulina lwnyaensis .............................. 234

w.. 246

Wistaria ftoribzmda ...

z
Zelkowa Ungeri.................... 246

a .ft"' 1:t ±~ *~•*·tc.f.

Transactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New Series
No. 9-No. 16
1953-1954

Palaeontological Society of Japan

(The heading in Japanese commemorates the handwriting of Prof.
M. YoKoYAMA, father of Japanese Palaeontology, who was Professor ofStratigraphy and Palaeontology at the Geological Institute, Imperial
University of Tokyo.)

CONTENTS
Number 9 (Published May 31, 1953)
Transactions
ArticlePage

Toshimasa T ANAl : Note on some Plant Fossils from Ennichi(Yongil) Group in Southern Korea, II ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1-7
228. Atsuyuki MIZUNo : Notes on the Miocene Molluscs from the
Kumano Group in the South·Eastern Kii Peninsula, Japan, with
Descriptions of Three New Species............................................. 9-18
229. Tokio SHIKAMA: On A New Land Turtle from Palaeogene of
Hokkaido ................................................................................. 19-26
230. Akira MoRISHITA: Fossil Species of the Palaeopneustidae fromJapan ....................................................................................... 27-29
8Publications received ... ... ... ... ... .
Proceedings... .. . .. . .. . .. . ... ... .. . ... .. . .. . .. . 30

Plate

227.

1

2
3

Number 10 (Published July 31, 1953)
Transactions
231. Tamio KoTAKA: Variation of Japanese Anadara granosa ......... 31-36
232. Ichiro HAY ASAKA and Sh6zo HA YASAKA : Fossil Assemblages of
Molluscs and Brachiopods of Unusually Large Sizes from thePermian of Japan ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . ........................ 37-44
233. Kiyoshi AsANO : Miocene Foraminifera from the Shintotsugawa
Area, Kabato.gun, Hokkaido ... ... ... ... . . ... ... ... ... ... .
. ............ 45-54

4

5

Number 11 (Published September 30, 1953)
Transactions
234. Kiyoshi AsANo : Miocene Foraminifera from the Honya Shale,
Joban Coal-field ....................................................................... 55-59
235. Akira MoRISHITA: Neogene Echinoids from Gifu Prefecture,
Japan ....................................................................................... 61-64
236. Masao MINATO: On some Reticulate Spiriferidae .................... 65-73
237. Kotora HAT AI and Koichiro MASUDA: On the Pecten notoensis
YoKoYAMA (On the Miocene Pectinidae from the Environs of
Sendai, Part 2) ........................................................................... 75-82
Publications received .. . ... ... .. . ... ... .. . 60
Erata to Arts. 231 & 232 of No. 10 ... 74

6

7

ii

Number 12 (Published December 15, 1953)
Transactions
238.

Koichiro MAsuDA: On the Miocene Pcctinidae from the Environs
of Sendai ; Part 3. Two Miocene Pectens .. . ... .. . .. . ... ... .. . .. . ... ... .
83-87
239. lchiro HAYASAKA: Hamletella, A New Permian Genus of Brachiopoda, and A New Specie3 from the Kitakami Mountains, Japan . 89-95
240. Tatsuro MATSUl\!OTo & Wataru HASHIMOTO: A Find of Pseudaspidoceras from Hokkaido, Japan (Studies on the Certac_eous Ammonites from Hokkaido and Saghalien II) ................................. 97-102
241. Kenji Kmnsm: New Boultonia and other lVIicrofossils from North
Thailand (Siam).......
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 103-110
Short Notes
1. New Name ]elzolaspis ... T. KoBAYASHI ... 88
Proceedings ... ... ... ... ... ... .
............... 88
Publications received.................. ······ 96

8
9

10
11

Number 13 (Published June 15, 1954)
Transactions

242. KOichiro MAsUDA : On the Miocene Pectinidae from the Environs
of Sendai; Part 4. Pecten a kit ames YoKoYAMA and Chlamys 1tisatsiensis 0TtJKA .............................................. , ........................... 111-116
243. Kazuo Huz!OKA: Notes on some Tertiary Plants from Korea(TyiJsen) Ill .............................................................................. 117-123
244. Haruo 0KUNO: Electron-microscopic Fine Structure of Fossil
Diatoms. I ... . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
.................. 125-130245. Akira MoRISHITA: Recent and Fossil Species of Brissus from
Ryukyu .................................................................................... 331-132
Proceedings .................................... 124

12
13
14
15

Number 14 (Published August 15, 1954)
Transactions
246. Kazuo HuziOKA and Keiji SuzuKI : The Flora of the Shiotsubo
Formation of the Aizu Lignite-field, Hukushima Pref., Japan ..... 133-142
16247. Haruo OKUNo: Electron-microscopic Fine Structure of Fossil
Diatoms, II... ... .. . . . ... ... .. . ... .. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. .. . .. . .. . ... ... .
...... 143-148 17-18
248. Koichiro MAslJDA : On the Miocene Pectinidae from the Environs
19
of Sendai. Part 5 ; On " Pecten" arakawai NoMURA .................. 149-153
249. Hidekuni MATSUo : Discovery of Nelumbo from the Asuwa Flora(Upper Cretaceous) in Fukui Prefecture in the Inner Side of20
Central Japan................................................ 155-158
Proceedings .......................................... 154
Erata to Arts. 238 and 239 of No. 12 ... 154

iii

Number 15 (Published October 15, 1954)
Transactions
250. Koichiro MASUDA : On the Miocene Pectinidae from thh Environs
of Sendai Part 6 ; A New Pectinid from the Moniwa Formation .. 159-162
21251. Takashi MATSUNAGA: OitJomikadoitza ogiensis, n. gen, n. sp., fromthe Pliocene of Niigata, Japan .................................................. 163-164
252. Ichiro HAYASAKA and Satoru UozuMI: Fossil Species of Genus!lfercenaria from the Cenozoic Deposits of Hokkaido .................. 165-172
22253. Yasuhiko KAMADA: Patinopecten kobiyamai, a New Miocene
Scallop from the Joban Coal-field. Japan .................................... 173-178
23254. Ryuzo ToRIYAMA: A Gigantic Fusulinid Species from the Kitakami Massif, Northeastern Japan... ... ... ... ... ... ...
179-182
24
Publications received.. 161, 172, 178
Number 16 (Published December 15, 1954)
Transactions
255. Saburo IwAsA and Yoshiki KIKUCHI: Foraminifera from theSugota Formation, Akita Prefecture; Japan .............................. 183-194
256. Kazuo HuzioKA : Notes on some Tertiary Plants from Tyosen(Korea), IV ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ...
.. ............................................ 195-200
257. Ichiro HAYASAKA and Masao MII'ATO: A Sinospirifer-Faunulefrom the Abukuma Plateau, Northeast Japan, in Comparison
with the So-called Upper Devonian Brachiopod Faunule of theKitakami Mountains ... .. .. . ... ... .. . ... ... ... ... ... ... . .. .. . ... .
............ 201-211
Proceedings .. ... .. . ... ... ...
.. 212-213
Systematic Index .. . ... ...
... 214-215
Index of Fossils......................
... 216-21725

26

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itt ili " m(25) 3403 11}::t&~ ~:~ TM:!RJ?-109140 :frCONSTITUTION
of the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPANARTICLE 1. Name
The Society shall be known as the Palaeontological Society of Japan. The Society is a sectionof the Geological Society of Japan.
ARTICLE 2. Object
The object of the Society shall be to promote the study of palaeontology and related sciences.
ARTICLE 3. Achievement
The Society in order to execute Article 2 shall ( a ) issue the Society journal and other publications, ( b ) hold or sponsor scientific lectures and meetings, and ( c) sponsor collecting or
field trips. and lectures.
ARTICLE 4. Membership
The Society shall be composed of persons who are active of interested in palaeontology or
related sciences, and shall be known as reguhr members. honorary members, and patrons.
ARTICLE 5. The members of the Society shall be obliged to pay annual dues to the Society, forwhich they shall enjoy the privilege of receiving the Society's journal and of submitting
papers which have been read and discussed at the meetings for publication in the Society's
journal.
ARTICLE 6. Administration
The Society shall have the following organizations for its administration.
(a) General meeting. The general meeting shall be composed of the Society members. Morethan one tenth of regular members shall be present to hold general meetings. Administrative affairs shall be decided during the general meeting.
(b) President. The president shall be elected from among the regular members. The president
shall represent the Society and supervise its business matters.
(c) Council. The council shall be composed of councillors who are elected from among theregular members. The council shall discuss administrative affairs.
(d) Business council. The business councillors shall be elected from among the council members, and shall administer business affairs.
(e) Officers shall be elected by vote of· returned mail ballots, as a general rule.
ARTICLE 7. Amendments to the constitution s:ta\l be by decision of the general meeting.

By-Laws .and Administration
ARTICLE 8. The Society's journal shall be issued quarterly.
ARTICLE 9. Regular members shall be persons who have knowledge, experience, or interest inpalaeontology or related sciences.
ARTICLE 10. Patrons shall be selected individu:lls or organizations who give special support to theobjectives of the Society.
.
'
ARTICLE 11. Honorary members shall be per;ons of distinguished achievement in palaeontology.
The council shall nominate honorary members for decision by the general meeting.
ARTICLE 12. Applicants for merrihership to the Society shall submit their full name, mailing address, date of birth, occupation, and name of school from which they graduated.

Dues
ARTICLE 13. Rates for annual dues of the Society shall be decided during the general meeting.
Annual dues for regular members are Yen 600.00 (domestic members) and U.S. $3.00 (foreign
members). Patrons are individuals or organiz:ttions donating more than Yen 15,000.00 annually. Honorary members are free from obligations.
ARTICLE 14. The Society income shall be from membership dues and bestowals.
ARTICLE 15. The Society shall have one chairman, fifteen councillors, and several business councillors, whose term of office shall be two years. They may be re-elected.

Addendum
ARTICLE l. There shall be four business councillors for the present.