THE MAIN RESEARCH BUILDING OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR BASIC' e1oro:Gv.

BRIEF SUMMARYThe National Institute for Basic Biology, NIBS, is a part of a
newly-established research organization, the Okazaki National
Research Institutes located on a hill overlooking the old town ofOkazaki. The research institute is composed of three independent
organizations, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutefor Physiological Sciences and Institute for Molecular Science.
NIBB is an interuniversity research institute with its own
intramural research programs as well as cooperative programs topromote basic biology in Japan. The programs are 1) joint research
programs in which university scientists are invited to participate
in research projects with the intramural members, 2) facility-sharing
programs in which university scientists utilize the institute's
research resources, 3) graduate student training programs in which
graduate students from universities spend fixed periods of timewith the NIBB, and 4) international programs in which foreignscientists are invited to NIBB to conduct research projects.

DR. MASUTARD KUWABARA

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INTRODUCTION
The National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB) aims
to provide solid basis for the b1olog1cal sciences 1nJapan by promoting research act1v1ty on the fundamental mechanisms of life phenomena. Research areas
include control mechanisms 1n reproduction. cell d1v1s1onand d1fferent1at1on. b1olog1cal rhythms. photob1ology
and v1s1on physiology. Analytical approaches range fromthe molecular to organ1sm1c levels of organ1zat1on.
For many years there has been a serious desire.
among Japanese b1olog1sts. to have a national research
center for biology. The desire materialized 1n May 197 7
when Diet passed a bill to authonze the NIBS 1n Okazaki,
a city close to Nagoya in the center of the Japanesearchipelago. At the same time. a sister institute. the
National Institute of Phys1olog1cal Sciences. also a longawa1ted, was approved The two 1nst1tutes collaborateclosely, sharing many important faci11tes but keeping
their own 1dent1ty.

programs with part1c1pating 1nd1v1duals or researchgroups throughout Japan.
The NIBS provides research resources to be shared
among b1olog1sts in Japan as well from abroad. The
NIBS sponsors symposia on 1nterd1sc1plinary andunique research topics by 1nv1t1ng leading sc1ent1sts from
related fields both from w1th1n and outside Japan Thus
the NIBB promotes national as well as 1nternat1onal
sc1ent1f1c advances and exchanges 1n biology.

f~oo~rn~:~~tf

Director General}
National Institute for Basic Biology

The NIBB, which 1s an 1nterunivers1ty research
1nst1tute and 1s still under development. has a two-fold
m1ss1on· to conduct intramural and cooperative research.
The former m1ss1on 1s discharged by the 13 d1v1s1ons
organized into three departments. the Departments ofCell Biology, Developmental Biology, and 81olog1cal
Regulation. Each d1v1s1on' has a full professor and an
associate professor and two research associates.
Of the 13 d1v1s1ons. 5 are for adjunct professorships
with JOlnt appointment with other 1nst1tutes in Japan.
For the latter m1ss1on. the NIBB sponsors JOlnt research

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ORGANIZATION OF THE INSTITUTE
Policy and Decision Making
The Director General oversees the operation of the instituteassisted by two advisory bodies. the Advisory Council andSteering Council. The Advisory Council 1s made up of
d1stingu1shed scholars representing various fields of science and culture and advises the Director General on thebasic policy of the institute. The Steering Council 1s madeup of professors of the institute and an equal numberof professors from other leading un1vers1t1es 1n Japanand advises the Director General on the sc1ent1f1c
act1v1t1es, intramural as well as extramural. of the 1nst1tute.
The Council advises on faculty appointments and on
the inst1tute's annual budget.

Research Support Facility

Admin1strat1on of the 1nst1tute 1s undertaken by the
Admin1strat1on Bureau of the Okazaki National ResearchInstitutes under the direct auspices of the Ministry of
Education. Science and Culture. Currently the chief admin1strat1on officer 1s Mr. Hiroak1 M1zumura.

The intramural research support fac1l1ty of NIBS includes theLarge-scale Spectrograph Laboratory, Tisue and Cell Culture
laboratory, Computer Facility. Plant Culture Laboratory, andExperimental Farm. In add1t1on. seven facil1t1es are operated
1ointly with the National Institute of Physllog1cal Sciences:
they include Rad101sotope Facility, Electron Microscope
Facility, Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis. Central
Shop, Glassware Cleaning Facility, Animal Care Facility,and Low-Temperature Facility

Research

Campus

The institute conducts its intramural research. programs
through three departments organized into 13 d1v1s1ons. Eachd1v1s1on has its own research pro1ect and 1s staffed by aprofessor. an associate professor and two research associates with two research techn1c1ans. A d1v1s1on forms a pro1ect
team and 1s expected to be reorganized when a d1v1s1on's
pro1ect 1s completed. Half of the d1v1s1ons are for ad1unct

The Okazaki National Research Institutes cover an area of
150.000 sq.m with four principal buildings. The NIBB's
main research building 1s expected to have a floor space of
10.930 sq.m. Currently two thirds of the planned space 1scompleted and the rema1ng third 1s expected to becompleted in the near future. The buildings to houseresearch support facility are under construction or are being
plannedAdministration

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professorship and are under professors who hold 101nt
appointment with other univers1t1es. The ad1unct d1v1s1on has
resident research associates and techn1c1ans. The arrangement aims to fac1l1tate exchange of research act1v1t1es 1nJapan.
Technical Department manages the act1v1t1es of research techn1c1ans and help to maintain the researchresources of the 1nst1tute. The department undertakes
the technical education of its staff.

DEPARTMENT
OF CELL BIOLOGY
Chairman
Secretary

Haruo Kanatani (acting)Naoko Shimizu

The department 1s composed of two d1v1s1ons and threead1unct d1v1s1ons and conducts basic research on the
structure and function of cells at the molecular level.

Division of Cell Mechanisms
Professor :Associate Professor :Research Associate :Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa
Yasuaki Yoshimoto
Kazuo Ogawa
Technical Staff : Shigeyuki Kawano
Soichi Nakamura
The d1v1s1on conducts research at the molecular level on
mechanisms of mitochondrial prol1fereat1on. cytoplasmic
streaming and their correlation using the plasmod1um of
Physarum po!ycephalum as a model system through phys1olog1cal. morphological and b1ochem1cal approachs The
plasmod1um of the mult1nucleate slime mold. Physarum
po!ycephalum, offers unique advantages for the study ofcytoplasmic streaming and mitochondrial d1v1son because(al 1t performs vigorous reciprocal cytoplasmic streaming(bl mitochondrial d1v1s1on can be sem1-synchron1zed undereasily controlled cond1t1ons and (c) its mitochondria containan electron-dense mitochondrial nucleus which 1s composedof a large amount of DNA. RNA. and proteins. One theme ofresearch 1s the reconstruction of mitochondria and mitochondrial nuclei which retain their ab1l1ty to d1v1de. Anothertheme 1s the development of a detergent-extracted model of aplasmod1um strand which ma1nta1ns its oscillatory apparatus
and behavior.

Division of Biological Energy Conversion
Professor : Yoshihiko Fujita
Associate Professor :Research Associate : Mamoru Mimuro
Technical Staff : Akio Murakami
The mechanism of b1olog1cal energy conversion in photosynthesis has been 1nvest1gated especially in the primaryprocess. from light-capturing 1n photosynthetic pigments tophotochemistry in the reaction center The moleculararchitecture of the energy flow mechanism 1n the pigment
system of blue-green algae are the focus 1n the former. andthe molecular architecture of the photosynthetic reaction
center I. especially of the primary electron acceptor system.
1s the present target in the latter. Electron flow between thetwo photosystems has been also investigated with specialreference to the role of plastoqu1none

Division of Cell Fusion (Adjunct)
Professor : Yoshio Okada
Associate Professor : Tsuyoshi Uchida
Research Associate : Masahiro lshiura
Kenji Kohno
Biology and genetics of cultured mammalian cells including
human cells. utillZlng cell engineering techniques based oncell fusion phenomenon by HVJ (Sendai virus) andm1croorgan1sms or their derivatives are proposed as theresearch pro1ects for this D1v1son

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Division of Cellular Communication(Adjunct)
Professor : Yasutomi Nishizuka
Associate Professor : Yoshimi Takai
Research Associate : Kaoru Nishiyama
Cellular function and prolrferatron are frequently activated by
1nteract1on of extracellular messengers wrth spec1f1c cellsurface receptors. and the mechanism of such act1vat1on.
particular of transm1ss1on of 1nformat1on across the cell
membrance has attracted great attention. The marn pro1ect
currently under way rn this d1v1s1on rs to explore the molecularbasis of hormone actions as well as of other cell to cellcommun1cat1on. Along this line an entirely new receptor
function has been recently uncovered. The function rs
independent of cyclic nucleotides but rs directly coupled tophosphat1dyl1nos1tol turnover provoked by various extracellular signals. Calcium. together wrth drglyceride derived
from this phosphol1p1d turnover. spec1f1cally activates a
mult1funct1onal protein kinase which plays roles of crucial
importance for controlling a wrde variety of cellular act1v1t1es
through protein phosphorylation.

Division of Cell Proliferation (Adjunct)
Professor :Yukio Hiramoto

The d1v1s1on conducts research on the mechanism of cell
d1v1s1on and the cell cycle through phys1olog1cal. brochemrcal
and morphological approaches. Marn pro1ects are to explore
mechanisms of the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids
at various stages of cell cycle. the formation of the mrto·
trc apparatus. the movement of chromosomes and thecytok1nes1s.

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DEPARTMENT
OF DEVELOPMENTAL
BIOLOGY
Chairman :Secretary :Haruo Kanatani
Junko Watanabe

The department rs currently composed of two d1v1s1ons and rs
expected to add one d1v1s1on and one ad1unct d1v1s1on rn thenear future. The department conducts research into thecellular and molecular mechanisms of various processes
which control developmental phenomena

Division of Reproductive Biology
Professor : Haruo Kanatani
Associate Professor : Yoshitaka Nagahama
Research Associate : Hiroko Shirai
Takeo Kishimoto
Technical Staff : Hisayo Kondo
Shinji Adachi
The d1v1s1on conducts research into two ma1or areas of the
reproductive process: I 1) the cellular and molecular mechanisms of formation and release of gametes. particularly thehormonal control of oocyte maturation and ovulation. and(2) mechanisms involved rn fert1l1zat1on. These studies
combine brochemrcal. fine structural and phys1olog1cal
approaches
Research centers around oocyte maturation rn starfish In thrs
invertebrate species a hormonal substance. gonad-strmulat·
rng substance (GSS) secreted by the radial nerves. acts on theovarian follicle cells to produce a second mediator ofmaturation. maturat1on-1nduc1ng substance (MIS). 1 -methyladen1ne ( 1-MeAde) 1-MeAde acts on the surface of theoocytes to induce formation of the tlrnd mediator of
maturation w1th1n the oocytes. maturat1on-promot1ng factor(MPF) which brings about germinal vesicle breakdown
Current research 1s as follows I 1) the characterization andsynthesis of GSS. (2) the mechanisms of b1osynthes1s of 1MeAde 1n the ovarian follicle cells. (3) the 1solat1on and
1dentlf1cat1on of the 1 -MeAde receptor located on the oocyte
surface. (4) the characterization and function of MPF, and(5) fertll1zat1on 1n echinoderms: the role of divalent cations
and Jelly substances in the acrosome reaction
In add1t1on. the endocrine control of oocyte v1tellogenes1s andmaturation 1n te!eosts is under 1nvest1gat1on. Particularattention has been given to I 1) the purif1cat1on of teleost
gonadotropins. (2) the mechanism of gonadotrop1n action.
(3) the 1dent1f1cat1on of teleost MIS. and (4) the role of thedifferent ovarian follicle layers 1n the production of estrogens
and MIS

Division of Cell Differentiation
Professor : Yoshiaki Suzuki
Associate Professor : Susumu Hirose
Research Associate : Masaaki Tsuda
Yoshihide Tsujimoto
Technical Staff : Etsuko Ishikawa
Satoko Takahata
The d1v1s1on conducts research on the molecular basis ofcellular d1fferent1at1on with a special emphasis on regulatory
mechanisms of t1ssue-speclf1c genes. The ma1or target 1s
f1bro1n and seric1n genes which are expressed at spec1f1cstages of development 1n the posterior and middle portionsof silk glands of the silkworm Bombyx mori. respectively.

Employing the gene man1pulat1on technology the members
do "in vitro genetics"; 1solat1on of target wild-type genes.
preparation of desired mutant genes from the wild-typegenes. and in vivo and/ or in vitro tests of biological
functions for the wild-type and mutant genes. They
ultimately hope to understand the reg'ulat1on machinery of
the t1ssue-spec1f1c genes through a reconstructed system
which reflects the states of in vivo regulation. For the studyof in vivo tests of b1olog1cal functions. improvements in the
introduction of foreign DNAs into living cells, developmentof eukaryot1c vectors. and cloning of mouse and humangenomic thym1d1ne kinase and other genes have been
in1t1ated 1n collaboration with members of the Tissue andCell Culture Laboratory.

Division of Morphogenesis(to be established)
Division of Developmental Biology(Adjunct; to be established)

DEPARTMENT
OF BIOLOGICALREGULATION
Chairman :Secretary :Yukito Oota
Kiyomi Kawai

The department has two d1v1s1ons and two ad1unct d1v1s1ons
and conducts research on the information processing andcontrol mechanisms in b1olog1cal systems

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8

Division of Sensory Processing
Professor : Ken-ichi Naka
Associate Professor : Syozo Yasui
Research Associate : Hiroko Sakai
Eiki Hida
Technical Staff : Yuichiro Ando
Soh Hidaka
The d1v1s1on conducts research on the information processing in the visual system through an 1nterd1sc1pl1nary
approach which includes trad1t1onal morphology and physiology, as well as nonlinear (white- noise) analysis andmodelling. The main thrust of research 1s the functional
morphology of the retinal of channel catfish. lcta!urus
punctatus. and 1dent1f1cat1on of spatio-temporal filteringcharacteristics of retina neurons and neuron chains. The 14year old research was originated at the Calif. Inst. Tech. andcarried out at Univ. Texas Medical Branch at Galveston before
1t was moved to this new institute. The d1v1s1on 1s alsoplanning to apply the methodology developed in channel
catfish to study changes in the functional morphology ofdeveloping retinas

Division of Chronobiology
Professor : Yukito Oota
Associate Professor : Hideaki Nakashima
Research Associate : Takao Kondo
Technical Staff : Yoko Fujimurachemical studies of the duckweed (lemna gibba and L
paucicostata) clocks as related with the photoperiod1ctime measurement and also with the potassium uptake
rhythm are the two maJor themes of research.

Division of Biological Regulation (Adjunct)
Professor : Masaki Furuya
Associate Professor : Yasuhiro Miyoshi
Research Associate : Kotaro Yamamoto
Satoru Tokutomi
The research 1n this d1v1s1on aims to study the regulatory
mechanisms of biological functions at molecular andsubcellular levels. The research programs proposed andbeing carried out at present center around the early changes
induced by environmental st1mul1 first. physical and chemical
characterization of phytochrome. a photorevers1ble chromoprote1n that mediates plant development; second. theprimary action of photoreceptors regulating functions of
b1olog1cal membranes: third, 1dent1f1cat1on of chemicallyunknown pigments such as the blue and near-ultraviolet
light absorbing pigment that control several photob1olog1cal processes. a green light absorbing pigment controlling phototax1s. and others which have been, and will
be indicated 1n the results obtained with the LARGE SPECTROGRAPH here

The d1v1s1on aims to clarify the molecular structure andphysiological function of the endogenous circadian rhythms(biological clocks). At the moment. the genetic andb1ochem1cal analyses of the Neurospora clock which controls the con1d1at1on rhythm and phys1olog1cal and b10-

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Division of Behaviour and Neurobiology(Adjunct)
Professor
Keiichi Mimura
Associate Professor : Tateo Shimozawa
Research Associate : Teiichi Tanimura
The d1v1s1on conducts research on the invertebrate be·
hav1our through neurob1olog1cal approach which includes
electrophys1ology, morphology, and behavioural and genetic
analysis. The d1v1s1on attempts to progress our researches
through the following three ways First insect v1s1on,
especially neuronal mechanisms of the fly visual system, are1nvest1gated by electrophys1olog1cal, morphological andbehavioral methods. The second pro1ect intends to reveal
the molecular mechanisms of taste 1n the fruit fly, Dros·
pohila melanogaster, employing genetic methods. The
approach includes electrophys1olog1cal and b1ochem1cal
analyses of various mutants in sugar responses. The neuralmechanisms underlying feeding behaviour 1s also a
sub1ect for study. Third, neuronal networks responsible
for the generation of motor programs e,g righting
behaviour, st11dulat1on, and locomotion of crickets areinterested. Particularly, analysis of the mechanisms
involved 1n the selective recruitment of motorneurons is
intended by means of m1croelectrodes, intracellular dye
tracers and electron microscopy

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TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT
Chief :

Hachiro Honda

The Technical Department 1s a supporting organ1zat1onfor researchers and research organ1zat1ons w1th1n the NIBB.
The department develops and promotes the 1nst1tute's
research act1v1t1es and, at the same time. ma1nta1ns theresearch functions of the 1nst1tute
The Department 1s organized into two groups one, theResearch Support group, which assists the intramuralresearch act1v1t1es and the other, the Common Facility group,
which supports and ma1nta1ns the inst1tute's common
research fac1l1t1es
Techn1c1ans part1c1pate, through the department 1npromoting their capab1l1ty through mutual enlightenment andeducation so that their capability in technical area develops

11

RESEARCH RESOURCE
There are four categories of research support faci11t1es
available to the intramural as well as to the v1s1t1ng b1olog1cal
sc1ent1sts: 1) Campus-wide facil1t1es (CENTRAL COMPUTINGCENTER and LIBRARY). 2) NIBB's own research support
faci11t1es (RESEARCH SUPPORT FACILITY. intramural). 3)
fac1l1t1es iointly maintained by the NIPS and the NIBB but
managed either by the NIPS (ANIMAL-CARE FACILITY) or by
the NIBB (RADIOISOTOPE FACILITY). 4) facil1t1es Jointly run
by NIPS and NIBB (CENTER for PHYSICAL and CHEMICALANALYSIS. ELECTRON MICROSCOPE FACILITY. WASHING
ROOM. MACHINE SHOP and LOW-TEMPERATURE FACILITY)RESEARCH SUPPORTFACILITY (INTRAMURAL)
Head of Facility : Ken-ichi Naka
Faculty : Masakatsu Watanabe (Spectrograph)
Yoshio Hamada (Tissue and Cell culture)
Technical Staff : Mamoru Kubota
The facility ma1nta1ns large-scale experimental equipment
and fac11it1es for growing and ma1nta1ning b1olog1cal
specimens The facility 1s shared by the intramural members
and have five laboratories
The Large-Scale Spectrograph Laboratory: This laboratory
has the largest spectrograph in the world custom-built by
Naka works. H1tach1 Ltd. The spectrograph runs on a 30
KW-Xenon arc lamp and has a compound grat1ngsurface composed of 36 smaller 1nd1v1dua I grating. A
computer controls the pos1t1oning and time-scheduled light
exposures of 12 specimen boxes

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Tissue and Cell Culture Laboratory: This 1s a facility fortissue and cell culture. This laboratory 1s equipped with safety
rooms which satisfy the P3 physical containment level. Thisfacility 1s routinely used for DNA recomb1nat1on experiments.
Laboratory Computer Facility: The NIBB's computing 1s
handled by a D1g1tal Equipment Company's VAX 11 /780
computer with a Floating Point System AP-1 20 arrayprocessor and a Spatial Data image d1g1t1zer. An extensive
software system for time-series analysis 1s available as well as
a l1m1ted number of image processing routines.
Plant Culture Facility: There are a large number of cultureboxes and cubicles and a limited number of rooms withenvironmental control for plant culture.
Experimental farm Two 20 sq.m glass-houses with prec1s1on temperature control are available. A l1m1ted farm facility
1s being planned.

RESEARCH FACILITIESRADIOISOTOPE FACILITIES(managed by NIBB)Head of Facility : Yoshiaki Suzuki
Faculty : Kohji Hasunuma
Technical Staff : Kazuhiko Furukawa
Yukie Shinohara
The fac1l1ty 1s composed of a center and two subcenters. one
1n NIBB and other in NIPS The facility 1s for molecularanalyses of eukaryotes. At the center rad101sotopes of higher
act1v1t1es such as 22 Na. 125 !. 32 P. 3 H and 14 C will behandled as well as various species of gamma-ray em1tt1ng

nucle1des At the substations. rad101sotopes of lower act1v1t1es
such as 3 H. 14 C. and 32 P are processed. The substation
1n NIBB 1s equipped for P2-level DNA recombination research. The center will also be equipped for P3-level
DNA recomb1nat1on research. The members of the Rad101sotope Facility maintain and control the centers. andgive approp11ate guidance for rad101sotope handling.
The facility members conduct their own research on
the analysis of me1os1s in Neurospora crassa based on
many isolated mutants with me1ot1c nond1s1unct1on
The goal of the research 1s to isolate the genes forthe regulation of me1os1s with DNA recombination
techniques.

ANIMAL-CARE FACILITIES(managed by NIPS)
V1va11um: This 1s a 2.000-sq.m. building for (adm1tt1ng andmaintaining) land animals. including insects. Operations andexpe11ments of a l1m1ted scope may be performed 1n thevivarium.
AquariumThis 1s a 600-sq.m fac1l1ty for both fresh- andsea-water animals. There are 10 ten-ton and 31 0.5-ton tanks
1n add1t1on to one seven-ton and one two-ton c11cular tanks.
All tanks are 1nd1v1dually temperature controlled and aresupplied either with de1on1zed water or seawater. There 1s alorry with a one-ton temperature-controlled tank to transport
aquatic animals and plant

RESEARCH FACILITIES RUNJOINTLY WITH THE NIPSELECTRON MICROSCOPE CENTER
Electron Microscopy Facility This fac1l1ty ma1nta1ns thefollowing microscopes for the use of intramural members aswell as researchers from other un1vers1t1es and research
1nst1tut1ons.

Transmission microscope: H1tach1 H-500 1 25KV, JOEL
1 00-CX and 200-CX 1 00 and 200KV. and Philips EM400HM 1 20KVTransm1ss1on scope. analytical JOEL 200-CX. 200KV
Scanning scope H1tach1 S-450 25KVCENTER FOR PHYSICALAND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Head of Facility : Haruo Kanatani
Technical Staff
Unit Chief : Hiroyuki Hattori
Staff : Hiroko Kajiura
Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis: The Center for
Physical and Chemical Analysis consists of the following fivesections. I 1 I Chemical analysis. (2) Preparation of b1olog1cal
materials, (3) Spectroscopic analysis. (4) Physical analysis,and (5) M1croscop1c analysis Each section 1s equipped with
instruments for general use as listed below
1. Section for Chemical Analysis
Amino Acid Analyzer
HITACHI 835
Peptide Sequence Analyzer JEOL JAS-47K
Peptide Synthesizer
BECKMAN 990B
HPLC
JASCO TRI ROTAR lII

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Dual-wavelength TLC
Scanner

SHIMADZU CS-91 0

2. Section for Preparation of Biological Materials
Preparative Ultracentrifuge
BECKMAN L8-80
Two Parameter Cell Sorter
BECTON-DICKINSON
FACS-Il
Coulter Counter
COULTER ZB

5. Section for M1croscop1c Analysis
Microscope Photometer
CARL ZEISS MPM 03-FL
Image Analyzer
KONTRON MOP-AM03
Image Analysis System
KONTRON IBAS-1.ll
M1crodens1tometer
JOYCE LOEBL 3CS
Motion Analysis System
NAC MOVIAS GP-2000

3. Section for Spectroscopic Analysis
Spectrophotometer
GILFORD 250
Spectrophotometer
HITACHI 330
Dual-wavelength.
Spectrophotometer
HITACHI 557
S pectrofluorometer
HITACHI MPF-4
Infrared Spectrophotometer JASCO A-302
Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometer
PERKIN-ELMER 603
Laser-Raman
Spectrophotometer
JASCO R-800
JASCO J-40S
S pectropolarimeter
Light Scattering Photometer CHROMATIX KMX-6DC
4. Section for Physical Analysis
Superconduct1ve FT NMR
Spectrometer
EPR Spectrometer
GC Mass
Spectrometer
Quadrupole Mass
Spectrometer
Analytical Ultracentrifuge
Viscometer
D1fferent1al Scanning
Calorimeter

BRUKER WM 360 Wb
BRUKER ER 200D
HITACHI M-80
JEOL JMS-OH 100
HITACHI 282
CONTRAVES RM-30
PERKIN-ELMER DSC-2

15

COOPERATIVE RESEARCH ACTIVITIESThe NIBB sponsors four cooperative research act1v1t1es.
lnd1v1dual and group cooperative research program: Sc1ent1sts from other Japanese
un1vers1t1es and research 1nst1tutes are invited to undertake 1oint research pro1ects with
the intramural members. L1m1ted funds are available for travel and expenditures related tothe pro1ects.
Research conferences: The NIBB sponsors research conference on important sub1ects inbiology. Ten to twenty sc1ent1sts are 1nv1ted and intense d1scuss1on 1s held for two to threedays. The NIBB provides f1nanc1al support for the part1c1pants. Conferences may be
in1t1ated by sc1ent1sts with other 1nst1tutes or by intramural members.
Fac1l1ty-sharing program: Sc1ent1sts with other un1vers1t1es are entitled to the use of
specified instruments maintained by the NIBB. No financial support 1s available except for
the Large Scale Spectrograph whose user 1s provided with l1m1ted f1nanc1al support.
Graduate student programs: Graduate students with other un1vers1t1es may spend a fixed
period of time with members of NIBB. This allows students to have experience with thevery modern fac1l1ty of NIBB. The NIBB. however, does not have its own graduate program.

4

16

LIBRARY
The three 1nst1tutes of the Okazaki National Research Institutes share a common libraryfacility. The library 1s a part of the main adm1n1strat1on building and has a floor space ofabout 2.000 sq m.
The library has a stock of 6,300 books 1n Japanese and 19.800 1n foreign languages
and subscribes to 226 Japanese and 385 foreign 1ournals. Lending records. inventory,
and literature searches are computerized. The library 1s open 24 hrs every day

LODGING FACILITYThe Okazaki National Research Institutes maintain two lodging fac1l1t1es. one M1sh1ma
Lodge and the other Yamate Lodge. M1sh1ma Lodge 1s a few minute walk away; Yamate
Lodge 1s less than 20 minutes. The lodges are for sc1ent1sts and their fam1l1es staying for
fixed periods of time with the 1nst1tutes. Some suites and bungalows are provided withkitchenette facil1t1es. A modest charge 1s levied to help to ma1nta1n the facil1t1es.
M1sh1ma Lodge has 27 single rooms, 3 suites and 6 bungalows for large families.
Yamate Lodge has 11 single rooms, 4 suites and 2 family complexes
On the campus there 1s a dining fac1l1ty which 1s open Monday through Saturday

17

THE OKAZAKI CASTLE,
HOME OF THE FIRSTTOKUGAWA SHOGUN, IYEYASU.

THE CITY
The city of Okazaki, incorporated in 1916, 1s located 30
kilometers southwest of Nagoya, the fourth largest city 1nJapan, A high-speed urban train connects the two c1t1es.
Okazaki, with a population of 267,000, 1s a typical
med1um-s1ze city 1n Japan and offers the convenience ofurban life while avo1d1ng the disadvantages of a large city
Okazaki 1s the commercial as well as cultural center of theM1kawa (Three River) district with 1ts rich historical heritage
lyeyasu Tokugawa, the first Tokugawa Shogun, was born here
1n 1542 and built a castle here. The original parapets andmoats and the rebuilt castle still dominate the city as they did
500 years ago, When he established the Shogunate 1n Edo(the former name of Tokyo) in 1603, lyeyasu took a large
contingent of M1kawa Bush1 (M1kawa Samurai or professional
warriors) with him, Those M1kawa Bush1 formed the nucleus
of lyeyasu's new adm1nistrat1on
Within a radius of 10 kilometers from the city center are
located M1tsub1sh1 Motor's Okazaki Plant Toyota Motor's
main production fac1l1t1es in Toyota City, and Sony's ultramodern Koda plant which produces video tape recorders

National Railway's (JNR) super train (KODAMA or ECHO) The
train runs every 30 min

From Toyo-hash1 to Okazaki
Twenty five minutes by the Me1tetsu (Nagoya Railway) express Me1-tetsu's station in Okazaki
1s H1gash1 (or East) Okazaki: The train runs every 20 to 30
min This 1s the most convenient route to come to Okazaki
from Tokyo
From Tokyo to Nagoya: Two hrs by the JNR's super train(HIKARI or LIGHTENING) The train runs every 30 min.
From Kyoto/Osaka to Nagoya: One to two hrs by the JNR's
super train (HIKARl/KODAMA) K1n-tetsu (l(1nk1 Nippon
Railway) also serves between Osaka/Nara and Nagoya
From Nagoya to Okazaki: Thirty five minutes by the Me1-tetsu
express which runs every 20 min. Me1-tetsu's station 1n
Okazaki 1s H1gash1 (or East) Okazaki

BY AIR
Oomest1c airlines serve l<omak1, Nagoya, airport which 1s 1 hrdrive from Okazaki

WEATEHR
TRANSPORTATIONBY TRAIN
From Tokyo to Toyo-hashr

In Okazaki, temperature goes up to 30 degree centigrade in
the summer and down to a few degrees above the freezing
point 1n the winter, May to June 1s the rainy season and thespring (March to May) and fall (September to November) aremost pleasant

Two and half hrs by the Japan

19

DIRECTOR GENERAL
MASUTARO KUWABARA, BSc'& D Sc' !zoology, Hokka,dolmpenal Univ). Research Associate. Hokkaido Imperial Univ ( 1933-43).

Lecturer. Hokkaido Imperial Univ (1943-44), Associate Professor. Hokkaido

KEllCHI MIMURA. 01v1s1on of Behaviour and Neurobiology. B Sci

Imperial Univ (1944-49). Professor. Kyushu Univ (1949-73). Dean.
Kyushu Univ (1964-66), Professor. Sophia Univ {1973-77). Director·
General, NIBS (1977- ). President. ONRI (1981- ){psychology. Tokyo Bunrika {Literature and Science) Univ). M 0(rhys1ology. Nagasaki Univ), Research Associate. Northwestern Univ
( 1959-60), Research Fellow. Department of Neurobiology. Research
School of B1olog1cat Sciences, Australian NJt1onal Univ (1973-75).
Professor, Faculty of Liberal Arts. Nagasaki Univ (1970- ). Adiunct
Professor. NIBS (1979- )PROFESSORSYOSHIHIKO FUJITA, 01v1s1on of B1olog1cal Energy Conversion. B
Sc 1 • M Sci & D Sci (b1ochem1stry, Univ Tokyo). Research Associate, !nst
Appl M1crob1ol. Univ Tokyo (1957-67). Postdoctral Fellow. Univ Texas(1962-64). Research Associate. Univ Texas (1965). Associate Professor.
Ocean Res Inst . Univ Tokyo ( 1 96 7 - 7 7 ). Professor. Ocean Res Inst . Univ
Tokyo (1977- ). Professor, NlBB {1979- )MASAKI FURUYA, D1v1s1on of B1o!og1cal Regulation, B Sci & D Sci(botany, Univ Tokyo). Ph D (plant physiology. Yale Univ), ReseJrch
Associate. Yale Univ (1962). Research Fellow, Harvard Univ (1962-63).
Assistant Plant Phys1olog1st Brookhaven National Lab (1963-65).
Associate Professor, Nagoya Univ (1965-68L Professor. Univ Tokyo( 1969- ), Ad1unct Professor, NIBS ( 1980- )YUKIO HIRAMOTO, D1v1s1on of Celt Proliferation. B Sci & D Sci(zoology. Univ Tokyo), Research Associate, Zoological Institute. Univ Tokyo(1952-54). Lecturer, Zoo!og1cal Institute. Univ Tokyo {1954-56L
Associate Professor. M1sak1 Marine B1olog1cal Stal!on. Univ Tokyo (195671). Professor. Tokyo Institute of Technology (1971- ). Adjunct Professor.
NIBB 11981- I

HARUO KANATANI. D1v1s1on of Reproductive Biology. B Sci & D
Sci (zoology. Univ Tokyo}. Research Assocwte. M1sak1 Marine 81olog1cal

L

20

Station. Univ Tokyo (1957-65). Associate Professor. D1v1s1on of Physiologyof Marine Organisms. Ocean Research Institute. Univ Tokyo ( 1965- 76).
Professor. Institute for Molecular Science {1976-77). Professor. Ocean
Research Institute (1976-77), Professor. NIBS (1977- )KEN-I CHI NAKA, D1v1s1on of Sensory Processing. B Sci. M

Sci &Ph O (biology. Kyushu Univ). V1s1t1ng Fellow. NIH (1960-62). Research
Zoologist. UCLA (1962-63). Research Fellovv. Univ Cambridge (196364). Staff Member. Sh1onog1 Research Lab { 1 964-67). Research Associate
and Senior Research Associate. Calif Inst Tech (1968-77). Professor.
Departments of Physiology and 81ophys1cs and Ophthalmology. UTMB
(1976-79), Professor, NIBB (1979- )YASUTOMI NISHIZUKA. D1v1s1on of Cellular Comrnun1cat1on. M
D {Kyoto Univ School of Med1c1ne). Ph D (biochemistry. Kyoto Univ
Graduate Course). Research Associate. Kyoto Univ School of Medicine(1962-64). Associate Professor. Kyoto Univ. School of Medicine. Dept of
Med Chem (1964-68). Guest Investigator. Rockefellar Univ (1964-65).
Professor. Kobe Univ School of Medicine. Dept of B1ochem ( 1969- ).
Adjunct Professor, NIBS ( 1980- }VOSHIO OKADA, D1v1s1on of Cell Fusion. M D & Ph D {b1ologv.
'osaka Univ Med School). Research Associate ot Research Institute forM1crob1al D1sense. Osaka Univ ( 1953-62), Associate Professor of the Inst
{1962-72). V1s1t1ng Researcher at Dept of Embryology. Univ Chicago(1966-67L Professor of Osnka Univ (1972- ). Ad1unct Professor. NIBS
{1978-I

YUKITO OOTA,

D1v1s1on of Chronob1ology, B Sci (botony, Tokyo
Imperial Univ l. D Sci (biology. Nagoya Univ). Assistant Professor.
B1olog1cal Institute. Nagoya Univ ( 1950-61 L Professor. 81olog1cal Institute_
Nagoya Univ (1961-79). Professor. NIBB (1979- )VOSHIAKI SUZUKI. D1v1s1on of Cell D1fferent1at1on. B Sci & D Sci(pharmaceut sci. Univ Tokyo}. Staff Member. NIH of Japan (1959-71).
Postdoctoral Fellow, Dept of Embryology, Carnegie lnst1tut1on of Washing·ton (1968-71). Senior Staff Member. NIH of Japan (1971-73). Staff
Member, Dept of Embryology, Carnegie lnst1tut1on of Washington {197378). Professor. NIBS {1978- )HIDEAKI NAKASHIMA. D1v1s1on of Ch1onob1ology, B Sci & M
Sci {botany. Hiroshima Univ.). D Sci (botany, Nagoya Univ). Research
Associate. Nagoya Univ { 1 969-80). Research Fellow (Postdoctoral). Univof Cal1forn1a at Santa Cruz (1979-80), Associate Professor, NIBS { 19801

TATEO SHIMOZAWA. D1v1s1on of Behav1o'ur and Neurobiology, B
Sci & M Sci (electronics. Hokkaido Univ). D Sci (biology, Hokkaido Univ),
Research Associate. Washington Univ (1972-73). Research Fellow. Cal
Inst Tech (1973-74). Associate Professor. Zoological Institute. Hokkaido
Univ ( 1 968- ), Ad1unct Associate Professor. NIBS ( 1 980- )ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS
KOHJI HASUNUMA. Rad101sotope Facility. B Sci (biology. Univ
Tokyo). M Sci & D Sci {botany. Univ Tokyo). Research Associate. Univ
Tokyo (1971-79). Associate Professor. NIBS (1979- )SUSUMU HIROSE,

D1v1s1on of Cell D1fferent1at1on. 8 Sci (biology,
Tokyo Kyo1ku Univ}. M Sci (b1ochem1stry. Univ Tokyo). D Sci (biophysics.
Univ Tokyo), Research Fellow. Univ Tokyo (1971-73). Research Associate.
Nagoya Univ (1973-79). Associate Professor. NIBS (1979- l

TSUNEYOSHIKUROIWA. D1v15'on of Cell Mechanism. B Sci(biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Univ). M Sci & D Sci {botany, Univ Tokyo).
Staff Member. Tokyo Metropolitan Isotope Research Center ( 1 970- 72).
Associate Professor. Okayama Univ ( 1972-77). Associate Professor. N!BB(1977-I

YOSHIMI TAKAI, D1vis1on of Cellular commun1cat1on, M

D & PhD. (biochemistry. Kobe Univ School of Medicine). Research Associate.
Kobe Univ School of med1c1ne. Dept of 81ochem. ( 1975-81 ).
Associate Professor. Kobe Univ School of Medicine. Dept of 81ochem( 1981 ), Adjunct Associate Professor, NJBB (1 981- )TSUYOSHI UCHIDA D1vis1onof Cell Fusion. M o & Ph D
{bacteriology, Osaka Univ Med School). Research Associate. ResearchInstitute for M1crob1al Diseases. Osaka Univ {1967-75). Research Fellow.
Biological Lab. Harvard Univ ( 1 970-72). Associate Professor. Osaka Univ
(1975- ). Adjunct Associate Professor. NIBS (1979- l

SHOZO YASUI, D1v1s1on of Sensory Processing. B Eng (aeronautics.
Univ Tokyo}. M Sci & Ph D (b1oeng1neenng. Mass Inst Tech). Staff
Toshiba Res Lab (1970-71).ReseachFellow,Callf Inst Tech (1972-74).
Assistant Professor, UTMB ( 1 976-79). Associate Professor. NIBS ( 1979-

YASUHIRO MIYOSHI. D1v1s1on of B1olog1cal

Regulation. B Sci(physics. Shizuoka Univ). M Sci & D Sci (applied physics. Waseda Univ),
Research Associate. Gunma Univ ( 1 968-69). Associate Professor. Univ
Tokyo (1969- ). Adiunct Asso1cate Professor. N!BB (1978-

YOSHITAKA NAGAHAMA. D1v1s1on ol Rep1oduc11ve Biology. B
Sci. M Sci & D Fish (biology. Hokkn1do Univ). Postdoctoral Fellow. Univ ofCnl1forn1a. Berkeley (1972-74). Univ of Br111sh Columbia (1974-76).
Research Associate, Univ of British Columbia (1976-77). Assoc1nte
Research Endocrinologist. Univ of California. Berkeley (1977), Associate
Professor. N!BB (1977-

21

HIROl(O SAKAI, 01v1s1on of Sensory Processing, B L A & M. A
(psychology. Int Christian Univ). 0 Sci (zoology, Kyoto Univ). Research
Associate. NIBS {1979- )RESEARCH ASSOCIATESYOSHIOHAMADA, Tissue and cell culture laboratory research
act1v1t1es, 8 Sci {biology, Osaka Univ L M Sci & D Sci {b1ophys1cs. Kyoto
Univ.), Research Associate, NIBS {1979- )EIKI HIDA, D1v1s1on of Information Processing. B Sci (mathematics.
Nagoya Univ), M Sci (b1ophys1cal engineering. Osaka Univ). Research
Associate. NIBS (1979- l(food chemistry. Tohoku Univ). M Sci & D Sci (biology. Tohoku Univ l.
Research Associate, NIBS (1980- )D1v1s1on of B1olog1ca1 Regulation. B Sci. M
Sci & D Sci (b1ophys1cs, Kyoto Univ L Research Fellow. Kyoto Univ ( 197880). Research Associate. N!BB { 1980- }TAKEO

MASAAKI TSUDA. D1v1s1on of Cell Di!ferent1at1on. B Sci (b10chem1stry. Univ Tokyo). M Sci & D Sci {pharmaceutical sci. Univ Tokyo).
Postdoctoral Fellow. Carnegie Inst (1978-79). Research Associate. N!BBKISHIMOTO, D1v1s1on

KENJI KOHNO,

D1v1s1on of Cell Fusion. B Sci. M Sci & D{microbiology. Univ Tokyo). Research Associate. NIBS ( 1980- )Sci

TAKAO KONDO. D1v1s1on of Chronob1ology, 8 Sci, M Sci & D Sci(biology. Nagoya Univ}. Research Associate. NIBB (1978-

MAMORU MIMURO, 01v1s1on of B1olog1cal Energy Conversion. B
Sc 1 , M Sci & O Sci {biology. Univ Tokyo), Postdoctoral Fellow. Ocean Res
Inst, Univ Tokyo (1978-80). Research Associate. NIBS {1980- )KAORU NISHIYAMA. D1v1s1on of Cellular Comn1un1cat1on. B Sci.
M Sci {biology. Kobe Univ). D Sci (medical sciences. Kobe Univ).
Research Associate. NIBS ( 1 981 )KAZUO OGAWA, D1v1s1on of Cell Mechanism, B Sci. M

Sci & D(biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Univ). Junior Research. Univ Hawa11(1975). Research Fellow. Calif Inst Tech (1976). Research Associate.
Sci

NIBS I 1979-??

TEllCHI TANIMURA, 01v1s1on of Behaviour and Neurobiology. B Sci

MASAHIRO ISHIURA. D1v1s1on of Cell Fusion. B Sci fb1ology.
Kanazawa Univ), M. Sci & D Sci (biology, Osaka Univ). Research Associateof Resenrch Institute for M1crob1al Diseases. Osaka Univ (1977-79).
Research Associate. N!BB (1979- )ol Reproductive B1ologv. B Sci(chemistry. Univ Tokyo), M Sci & D Sci (zoology. Univ Tokyo), Research
Associate. NIBS (1978- )1'

HIROKO SHIRAI. D1v1s1on of Reproductive Biology, B Sci (biology,
Yokohama Municipal Univ). 0 Sci (biology, Univ Tokyo). Technical Staff.
Univ Tokyo (1966-77). Research Assoc1c'lte. NIBS (1977- )I

SATORU TOKUTOMI.

11979-I

YOSHIHIDE TSUJIMOTO. D1v1s1on of Cell D1fferent1at1on. s Sci.
M Sci & O Sci (biology. Osaka Univ). Postdoctoral Fellow, Carnegie 1nst
(1977-79). Research Associate. NIBS {1979-)

MASAKATSU WATANABE. Large Spectrograph Laboratory. B
Sci. M Sci & O Sci (biology, Univ Tokyo). Research Fellovv. Univ Tokyo(1974-78). Research Associate. NlBB (1978- l
KOTARO YAMAMOTO, D1v1s1on of 81olog1cal Regulation. B Sci.
M. Sci & D Sci (botany, Univ Tokyo). Predoctoral Fellovv. Sm1thson1an
lnst1tut1on {1977-79). Research Associate. NIBB (1980- )YASUAKI YOSHIMOTO. D1v1s1on of Cell Mechanism. sSer. M
Sci & O Sci (biology. Osaka. Univ l. Research Associate. NIBS ( 1977- )FOREIGN VISITINGSCIENTISTS

CHIEF TECHNICALDEPARTMENT

Sponsored by the Mombusho
THOMAS E. SCHROEDER. D1v1s1on of Reproductive Biology. B Sci(biology, Northwestern Univ). Ph D (zoology, Univ of Washington), NIBS
11981-HACHIRO HONDA, (A1ch1 Agricultural Junior College). TechnicalStaff. Nagoya Univ (1953-78). Chief Technical D1v1son. NIBS (1978- )I

Sponsored by JSPS

STAFF TECHNICALDEPARTMENTGRAHAM YOUNG, D1v1s1on of Reproductive Biology, B Sci. Ph o{zoology. Univ of Sheffield). JSPS/RS Postdoctoral Fellow. NIBS (1980-)

Research Support GroupRESEARCH FELLOWSThe Institute Research Fellows
MICHIO KAWAMURA, 01v1s1on of 81olog1cal Energy Conversion. B

SHINJI ADACHI, 01v1s1on of Reproductive Biology, B Sci (biology,
Hokkaido Univ.). NIBS (1980- )YUICHIRO ANDO.

D1v1s1on of Sensory Processing. B Set (1nformat1on science, Fukui Univ_), NIBS (1980- }YOKO FUJIMURA. D1v1s1on of Chronob1ology.
Tokyo Metropolitan Univ}. NIBS (1980- )BSci(biology.

JSPS Research Fellows

SOH

8

Sci

(biology,

HIROVUKI IKADAI, 01vis1on of Reproductive Biology. 8 Sci (biology, Toyama Univ.), M Sci (biology. Kanazawa Univ}. D Sci (biology,
Hokkaido Univ), Postdoctoral Fellow. N!BB {1981 )ETSUKO ISHIKAWA, D1v1s1on of Cell D1fferent1at1on. B Sci & M Sci

Agr1 {fishery sci, Kyoto Univ), M Sci. D Sci. (b1ochem1stry. Univ Tokyo).
Postdoctoral Fellovv. NIBS ( 1980~ J

HIDAKA, D1v1s1on of Sensory Processing,
Nagoya Univ). NJBB ( 1981- )(biology,

Ochanom1zu

Univ).

{1975-801. NIBS (1980-

Research

Associate. JosJ1

DentalUniv

I

HIROSHI UEDA, Drv1s1on of Reproductive Biology. B
DFishSci. M Sci.
(biology, Hokkaido Univ). Postdoctoral Fellow. Hokkaido Univ

{1978-811. NIBB 11981-I

SIGEYUKI KAWANO.
Sci

D1v1S1on of Cell Mechanisms.
(biology, Okayama Univ.). NIBS (1978- )B Sci & M

HISAYO KONDO, 01v1s1on of Reproductive Biology. B Sci (biology.
Japan Women's Univ). Technical Staff. Tokyo Jnst1tute of Technology( 1975-76). Te1kyo Univ. School of Medicine { 1 976- 78). NIBB ( 1 978- )23

AKIO MURAKAMI. 01v1s1on of 81olog1cal Energy Conversion. 8 Set(biology. Waseda Univ). Research Fellow. Univ. Tokyo {1978-81 ). NIBS

11981-

SOICHI

NAKAMURA. D<v,,,on of Cell Mecharnsms. B Sc, & M
Sci {biology, Tokyo Inst Tech). NIBS (1979- )of Cell D1fferent1at1on. s Sci(bachelor of home economics 1n science of l1v1ng. Hiroshima Women'sCollege), NIBS. 11 981 I

SATOKOTAKAHATA, D1v1s1on

KAZUHIKO FURUKAWA. Rad<0<sotope Facd<ty. B
Toho Univ.). NIBS (1979-

HIROHIKO KAGAWA, 01v1s1on of Reproductive Biology, B Sci. M
Sci {biology. Hokkaido Univ l. Graduate Student. NIBS (1979- l
KOJI KONO Ml, 01v1s1on of 81olog1cal Regulation. B Sci. (biology, Univ
Tokyo}. Graduate Student. NIBS (1980-)

SORYU NISHIBAYASHI. o,v,,<on of Cell Mechan'5ms. B(botany. Hiroshima Univ). Graduate Student, NIBS (1980HIKARU SAJI, 01v1s1on of 81olog1cal Regulation. B
botany. Kyoto Univ). Gradunte Student. NIBS (1980- )Common Facility Group
Sc<. lb<ology.

)

MIKAKO SATO, D1v1s1on of Behaviour

Agr

Sc,

{appliedand Neurobiology. B(biology. Tohoku Univ). Graduate Student. N!BB (1981- )Sci

Sci (agriculture, Nagoya Univ). Technical officer. Nagoya Univ ( 1965- 79).
NIBS (1979- I

KATSUO TOKUNAGA, Division oi Cell D1flerent1at1on. s Sci(biology. Kyoto. Univ). M Sci (molecular biology, Nagoya Univ). Graduate
Student. NIBB I 1980- I

HIROKO KAJIURA, Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis. B Sci

YOSHIHIRO UGAWA, 01v1s1on of Behaviour and Neurobiology. B(chemistry. Nagoya Univ). NIBS ( 1 980-

Sci (biology. Tsukuba Univ). M
Student, NIBS ( 1 981- )HIROYUKI HATTORI, Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, B)

MAMORUKUBOTA. Large Spectrograph Laboratry,mun1cat1on, Miya Fishery High School). NIBS (1980-(rad1ocom-

YUKIE(agriculture.

SHINOHARA.

Kyushu Univ}. NIBS (1981-

24

GRADUATE STUDENTS

I

Rad101sotopelFaci!1tv.

B

Sci

Sci

(biology. Tohoku Univ). Graduate

NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR BASIC BIOLOGYOl(AZAKI NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTES
Okazaki. JAPAN 444
TEL
TELEX.

0564 54 1 111
4537-475 KOKKEN J

The document was compiled by Ms K1yom1 l(awa1.
Photographs (B/W) were by Soh Hidaka.