By : DR. Ir. Muhammad Firman, M.For.Sc.
Director Soil and Water Conservation
Directorate General of Watershed Management and Protected Forest
Ministry of Environment and Forestry, The Republic of IndonesiaFebruary, 2016

PT Kelian Equatorial Mining,
East Kalimantan Province

FOREST IN INDONESIA
FOREST FUNCTIONFOREST RESOURCEFOREST THREAT

1. Conservation ofSoil and water
2. Biodiversity
3. Micro climate
4. Reducing carbonemission
5. Source ofgermplasm
6. Flora and fauna
habitatIndonesian State Forest : 127.030.000 Ha(67% of total area of Indonesia)

1. Illegal logging
2. Forest fire3. Developing ofagriculture/crop
plantation/ publicwork

Conservation
Forest (17%),
21,810,000 HaProduction
Forest (59%),
75,210,000 Ha

Forest Resource Potency• wood• Non-wood Forest Product• Environmental and tourism services• Mineral• Oil and gas• Geothermal• Provide space for others development sector

4. Mining
Protected
Forest (24%),
30,000,000 Ha

5. Forest land
Occupation

FACTS
1. Critical land 24.3 million
hectares (rate 0.8 m ha/year)
2. National terget of Forest
and Land Rehabilitation
2015-2019 : 5,5 million
hectares ( 1.1 m ha /year)

REGULATION ON STATE FOREST AREA UTILIZATIONFOR MINING SECTORCONSTITUTION AND BASIC
FORESTRY REGULATION

1. National Contitution of
1945: Natural
resources is controlled
by the state and used
for the welfare ofpeople in the country

2. Basic Forestry
Regulation No. 41,
1999: Utilization ofstate forest that effectforest degradation
have obligation toconduct forest
reclamation andwatershedrehabilitation.

GOVERNMENT/MINITRYREGULATION
1.

2.

3.

4.

Each granted permit holder
is obliged to conduct forest
reclamation (government
rule no. 76, year 2008).
Each user state forest areasthat cause forest
degradation is obliged torehabilitate (government ruleNo. 24, year 2010).
Forest reclamation is holistic
part on mining activities(Rule of Minister of Forestry
No. 4, year 2011)
Each granted permit holder
have to conduct Plantationin order to Watershed
Rehabilitation (Rule of
Minister of Forestry No. 16,year 2014)

FORESTRY POLICIY ON
MINING SECTOR

1. Utilization of forest area forother sector development
can only available on
production forest andprotected forest.
2. Without changing the basic
function of forest.
3. Forest utilization for mining
through permit granting of
Minister of Environmentaland Forestry by considering
environmental sustainability.
4. Inside protected forest
areas is prohibited to
implement open pit mining.

Forest Reclamation andWatershed Rehabilitation

RECLAMATION AND WATERSHED REHABILITATION
Mining operation potencially
Increase in area of deforestation andcritical landCompanny operate mining within
forest area must applied permit to
Ministry of Environment and Forestry(MOEF)

MOEF issue permit for mining
Operation to comanny

Reclamation of mining area
• Recl areas = permit areas• using indemic species• Intensif plantation• after recl, returned to Gov

Mining Companny gets permitfor mining operation have to conduct
two obligations
Watershed Rehabilitation :• the areas = areas of maining permit• min 80 % state forest , max 20 % non state forest• the location propose by companny in Watershed(Prod Forest, Protected forest, Conservation
forest, mangrove and peat land
• complated in 3 years since permit issued• species planted; indemic wood tree, MPTS

IMPACT OF MINING
ACTIVITIES
•
•
•
•
•
PT Kideco Jaya Agung,East Kalimantan Province•

Changing landscape (increasing oferosion and stability of soil)
Open area due to loss ofvegetationIncrease in area of deforestationand critical landDisturbance of catchment area
Ecosystem disturbance due to lossof biodiversity and wildlife habitat
Increasing of run off due to loss of
top soil and high sedimentation

DEFINITIONFOREST RECLAMATION
Efforts to repair and restore the demaged
forest land and vegetation due to mining
activity, return to its optimum condition
and function base on the initialmanagement objective.
WATERSHED REHABILITATION
Efforts to restore, maintain, and improveforest and land functions so that its carrying
capacity, producttivity and its role insupporting the life support system ismaintained.
PT. Newmont
Minahasa Raya,
North SulawesiProvince

STEP FOR FOREST RECLAMATION ACTIVITIES
I. Land arrangement
 Closure ex mining hole, Landscape setting (slopestabilitation)
 Management of top soil.

PT. Newmont Nusa Tenggara
West Nusa Tenggara Province

II. Controlling of sedimentation and erosion
 Build soil conservation
construction,
 Planting cover crops.
East Kalimantan Province

III. Revegetation
 Field preparation,
 Seedling/nursery, Planting, and Maintenance of plantation.

East Kalimantan Province

ASSESMENT OF SUCCESS FOREST RECLAMATION
A. Land arrangement (score 30):
Replenishment of mined landArrangement of top surface land
Slope stability
Sowing top soil

B. Sedimentation and erosion control (score 20) :Soil Conservation Construction
Cover crops
Incident of sedimentation and erosion
C. Revegetation (score 50) :Wide of plantation area
Growth percentage of plantation
Number of plantation per hectares
Species composition of plantation
Growth and health of plantation

PT. Newmont Nusa Tenggara
West Nusa Tenggara
Province

ASSESMENT ON FOREST RECLAMATIONNoScore

Qualification

Acceptence1> 80

GoodSucces, reclamation accepted2> 60 – 79 <Moderate

Unsecces, unaccepted and need continoulsly
maintenance until reach total scoreminimum 80.

3< 60BadFail, cannot be accepted and need more
intensively maintenance until scoreminimum 80.

 If the limit of permit granting has run out and forest reclamation activities not yet
reach score of 80, the activity should be continued until 3 years by replanting or
inrichment planting and intensively maintenance to total reach total score of > 80.

PT. Newmont Nusa Tenggara - West Nusa Tenggara Province

STEP FOR WATERSHED REHABILITATION
I. PROPOSE REHAB LOCATION TO MOEF
Location of Rehabilitation proposed by company to Gov
Forest state min 80 % ( Production forest, protected forest, conservationforest) and max 20 % non state forestAttacced digital map scale 1 : 50.000The area equel to permit area of maining operation
Obligation size = IPPKH + L3 + 10% (1: 1 + L3 + 10%)
II. DEFINE THE REHAB LOCATIONDG of Watershed Management and Protected Forest, MOEF
define the definitif rehabilitation location base on proposed area bycompanny
III. PREPARING PLANNING AND DETAIL DESIGN•Prepare pnatation map, species, planting space, seedling production
IV. REVEGETATION
Field preparation,
Seedling/nursery,Planting, and
Maintenance of plantation ( Yo, Y1, Y2)
Evaluating  return to Gov

ASSESMENT ON WATERSHED REHABILITATIONState Forest• Number of plantation after assessment > 700 trees/ ha

Urban Forest•Number of plantation after assessment > 1.100 trees / haNon StateForest•Number of plantation after assessment > 400 trees / haMangroveForest• Number of plantation after assessment > 3.300 trees / haBorder river andPeatland area

• Number of plantation after assessment > 600 trees / ha

REALIZATION ON FOREST RECLAMATION
AND WATERSHED REHABILITATIONFOREST RECLAMATION (UNTIL DECEMBER, 2015)
IPPKH stand for forest list permit
a. Active IPPKH is 595 units with a total area of 410,087.764 ha
b. IPPKH that are already recorded the progress of reclamation :IPPKH 195 units , consisting of : - 186 units IPPKH (mining)- 9 units IPPKH (non mining)
1) 186 units IPPKH (mining) consist of : 9 units Oil and Gas and 177 units
mineral , coal and mine excavation C2) from 177 units IPPKH :a) 145 units with a total area of ​( 315,991.96 ha ) has implemented :• Disturbed area of 64.092,63 ha ; 20,28 % of the total area .
• Reclamation area of 23.939,46 hectares ; 37,35 % of the total disturbed area.
b) 32 units IPPKH there has been no progress in the reclamation because there
has been no activity forest use, are under construction or still in the earlystages of production so that there are no areas that could/ready forreclamation.
c. Oil-gas and Non Mining will carry out reclamation activities during the useof the forest area has been completed.

Watershed Rehabilitation (2011 - Dec 2015)
Based on the existing data in the Directorate of Soil and Water
Conservation , there are 574 companies/IPPKH area of 376.98,.82 hectares
are obliged to carry out planting to rehabilitate the watershed, withdetails as follows :a. IPPKH who has obtained the location and carry out planting area as
many as 210 companies /IPPKH area 134.7574,79 Ha .
b. IPPKH are in the process of establishing as much as 6 companies/IPPKH area of 1.817,24 ha ,c. IPPKH verified but the planting site has not been determined due tonot meet the technical requirements as much as 7 companies / IPPKH
area of 26.457,941 ha ,d. IPPKH who have applied but not yet verified the planting site as manyas 207 companies / holders IPPKH area of 126,901.91 ha ,e. IPPKH which has not proposed candidates for the planting site inorder to rehabilitate the watershed as many as 134 companies / IPPKH
area of 94.150,97 hectares.

PROBLEMS IN IMPLEMNTATION OF RECLAMATION
AND WATERSHED REHABILITATION1.

In same places, precentage of the planted tree grows is low due to limittedof top soil and acid soil

2.

Implementation of reclamation and Watershed Rehabilitation mostly facewith unpredicteble climate (arid and semi arid area), forest fire and forest
land occupation by local people

3.

Claim of local people to the reclamation and watershed Rehab location

4.

Limitted number and qualities of experts that expertise and backgroundin this area

5.

Seedling production in nurssery for planting, some time, limitted due tolow quality of seed supply

6.

Conflict beetwen Company and local people ( lack of involving local
people to the activitiies). Need more involvement and community
empowering local people)

7.

Limitted model forest to reduce social conflict ( agroforestry model etc)

POTENTIAL COOPERATION• Sharing on good practices, information andtechnologies on forest reclamation and watershedrehabilitation.
• Joint project/joint research on developing of Forest
Reclamation Model on mining area
(in humid, arid, semi arid area, etc)
• Human resources developing; training, comparativestudy• Community Empowering people surrounding miningarea

PT. Freeport Indonesia, Papua

PT. Santan Batubara,
East Kalimantan Province