Topic Conversation for Advanced - Syllabus
トピックカンバセーション上級・シラバス
ユニット数： 3
レッスン数： 30（1レッスン25分）

Unit

A

A

Lesson

1

2

Title

Target Language

Vocabularies

Love- read an article about four typesof love- learn words and expressions
about love in the passage- share your experience about
different types of love- emotion- eros- phileo- agape- storge- compassion- attachment

Leisure Time- read an article about theimportance of leisure- learn words and expressions
related to enjoying and ignoring
leisure- share your thoughts about
giving time for leisure- tendency- priority- unconsciously- specialist- anxiousness- frustrations- impatience- well-being

Reading
Love is an emotion that every person experiences at some point. There aredifferent kinds of love, such as eros, phileo, agape, and storge. Eros is adoring andwanting another person. This person can be your lover, husband/wife, andcrushes. Phileo is the love you feel towards your friends. It is understanding andtrusting them. Agape is the parental and sacrificial kind of love, for instance, thelove of God towards people. Storge is the love towards the community andfamily. It is creating a strong bond and caring for them.
Love can be a mother’s happiness upon seeing her newborn child. It can be afather’s protective attitude towards his children. It is also caring for your sisters
and brothers. It is treasuring and respecting yourself. It is the feeling ofcompassion towards others. Love triggers either a positive or a negative effecttowards a person. For example, just thinking about your loved ones can makeyou feel inspired, but it can also distract you by thinking about them too much. To
love is to hold a deep attachment to other people. The things they do and how
they act will always affect you. Love is a wonderful feeling, so love and be loved.
(1) Some people have a tendency to make their work a priority in life. They
overwork themselves nonstop, unconsciously abusing their physical and mental
health. According to health specialists, when you overwork it brings dangerous
effects to your body, causing you to develop a heart attack, stress, anxiousness,frustration, and impatience. Hence, it is important to balance your work andleisure time. Having leisure time will enable you to release tensions and take yourmind away from stress.
(2) There are various activities you can do in your leisure time. For example, doing
your hobbies will make your body feel at ease. You can read your books, play yourmusical instrument, you can sing or dance. Other activities, such as jogging, taking
a walk, swimming, traveling, and watching movies and TV shows are also anotherway to spend your leisure time. Therefore, don’t make work a priority in life. Your
health and well-being are more important, so be sure tohave a leisure time.

1

Unit

LessonTitle

Target Language

Vocabularies

Reading
How do people define beauty? What does it take to be beautiful? Above all, what
is beauty? Every individual has different ways of explaining what beauty is. Beauty
can take on many different forms: outer beauty, inner beauty, scenery beauty, oreven the beauty of an event and many more.

A

A

3

4

BeautyGood and Bad
Manners- read an article about forms ofbeauty- learn words and expressions
about beauty in the passage- share your thoughts about
different forms of beauty- read an article about good andbad manners- learn words and expressions
about manners in the passage- share your experience about
showing good manners- outer beauty- inner beauty- scenery beauty- timeless- appreciate- solace- stimulates- characteristics- manners- well-mannered- ill-mannered- cheeky- attitude- possess

For a lot of people, outer beauty which is thought to be something that you areborn with is considered to be the most important. It is what stimulates the mind.
Take for example, when you meet people for the first time you immediately
notice their physical appearance including the clothes they wear.
On the other hand, some say beauty comes from within people’s hearts.
Inner beauty will last forever and will never fade. In contrast, outer beauty fades
over time. A person’s characteristics or behavior is what others would remember
compared to a person’s physical appearance.
However, beauty is also found in nature such as the sunset or the sunrise. One
finds joy and solace by looking at scenic views that nature offers. Many people
usually make memories by recalling the events and relating them to thesurroundings that they see. Thus, making it timeless. The idea and standard ofbeauty have greatly changed all throughout time. It takes a certain kind of quality
to appreciate the true meaning of beauty.
By definition, manners refer to how a person acts and behaves in front of otherpeople.
We all have both good manners and bad manners, which naturally coexist within
us. Basically, if you are a well- mannered person, you tend to be polite andrespectful to others. You make people smile with your kind gestures. You may
even be the reason they had a good start that day. In contrast, if you are illmannered, you are considered rude and a bit cheeky with people around you.
What is worse? You could be the reason for one’s bad day.
On the contrary, being good-mannered does not always mean having a good
attitude and similarly, being bad mannered does not always follow that one has a
bad attitude. Sometimes it is the other way around because there is a thin line
between manners and attitude. We may possess these qualities, but it is still our
choice as to which of these two would define us as a person.

2

Unit

A

A

Lesson

5

6

Title

Childhood
Memories

Shopping inToday’s World

Target Language- read an article about childhood
memories- learn words and expressions
about childhood in the passage- share your childhood
experiences- read a passage about online
shopping- learn words and expressions
about online shopping in thepassage- share your experience about
shopping online

Vocabularies- childhood- memories- bitter and gloomy- fairy tales- shopping- instant- time consuming- blink of an eye- technology- hassle-free- browse- queue

Reading
Seeing a picture of you in your childhood years brings back so much memories.
Some are funny and happy and some are bitter and gloomy. But whatever
memories you hold close to your heart, those are the reasons for what you havebecome today.
Who can forget the fairy tales our parents and grandparents used to read for us
before we go to sleep and the games we played with friends back then? The
sweets we loved to eat and the person we wanted to be with all the time?
Everybody has a lot of stories to share about because one never runs out ofchildhood memories.
Like most of the foods that we have nowadays, shopping has now become instantas well. Shopping is very time consuming, but in today’s world, we can buy ourmost wanted fashionable dresses in a blink of an eye. Shopping is very tiring, but,now, our longed-for pair of shoes is just a click away.
With the help of advanced technology, shopping has become instant and hasslefree.
Before this so-called “online shopping”, we used to browse around shops for justabout
anything. This takes us long hours and causes our feet to ache.
Now, through the Internet, we can just browse online shops with just one click
and in the comfort of our homes. This is much more convenient as we can avoid
long queues and aching feet.
Moreover, it saves us time, money and energy. But, the real question is, are weeven sure of the quality? Are we assured that we get the best value for ourmoney?
Nevertheless, we could always return and have an item replaced if we are notsatisfied with it. But, then again, are we assured that what we buy online will bedelivered to us?
These are just some of the questions we need to ask ourselves before shopping
online.

3

Unit

A

A

Lesson

7

8

Title

The FamilyHomelessness

Target Language- read a passage about whatdefines a family- learn words and expressions
about family- share your experience about
being with a family- read a passage about
homelessness- learn words and expressions
about homelessness- share your thoughts about
homelessness in your country

Vocabularies- family- society- belongs- concept- genetically- regardless- blood-related- homeless- shelter- outside forces- calamity- threaten- security

Reading
What is a family? Anyone who is asked this question always answers, “Family is
the basic unit of the society.” Indeed, it is. Everybody belongs to a family: thechild on the street belongs to a family; the superstar belongs to a family; the hero
who saved his country belongs to a family; the person who persecuted millions ofpeople belongs to a family; even the animals and plants have their own families;also, microorganisms belong to a certain family.
We are primarily defined based on the family we come from. But, this conceptchanges over time. A person could no longer be defined, genetically. Many otheraspects are considered. What are these aspects? There is no definite
enumeration.
Although, there are those who are much closer to their friends than their families,
or to those who they grew up with, spent time with and lived withfor years. They
treat them just like their own family regardless of the fact that they are notrelated by blood. No matter, blood-related or not, it all depends on how deep andspecial your relationship is with these people you call “family”.
“I’ll go home...”, can the homeless utter these words? The answer could possibly
be both “yes” and “no”. It could be a “no” because, perhaps, their concept ofhome is a house or a shelter; the building itself. Well, that is quite right. How cana homeless go home if he/she lives on the streets or under bridges? On the other
hand, it could be a big fat “yes”, because, perhaps, the homeless consider thestreets and bridges their home.
Even so, homeless generally describes people who live on the streets or under thebridges. Our homes protect us from the dangers of the outside forces such as
calamities, dangerous animals or even from our own kind. But, have you everwondered, what protects the homeless? Where do they go in times of calamities?
What do they do when something or someone threatens their security?

4

Unit

A

A

Lesson

9

10

Title

Walking

Unity

Target Language

Vocabularies- civilization- lifestyle- read a passage about walking as -strenuous- taxing
an exercise- burn off- learn words and expressions- ease up
about walking as an exercise- underrated- share your thoughts about the- idealbenefits of walking- chronic- maximize- read a passage about achieving
unity- learn words and expressions
about unity- share your thoughts about
achieving unity in a group- unity- entail- rooted- betterment- purposeful- attain- vision- perception- cease- harmony

Reading
Civilization has brought a lot of changes into our lives. Along these changes,
people get busier and live an unhealthy lifestyle. Staying fit is a strenuous effort
for everyone.
Planning one’s schedule just to find time to hit the gym is both taxing andstrenuous.
One easy way to burn those calories off and to ease things up is by taking a walk.
Walking is an underrated form of exercise. It is ideal for people of all ages andfitness levels. It can be done alone, with your family and close friends or evenwith your pet. Studies show that regular walking helps reduce the risk of chronic
illnesses. The longer you walk, the more you can maximize the health benefits.
“Unity” is only a word, yet it entails a meaning rooted to a deeper understanding
for the betterment of every person. Unity means being part of a whole or working
with others together to meet a purposeful goal. Unity can exist anywhere, such as
your home, community, workplace, school, country, government, andorganizations.
Unfortunately, unity is difficult to attain when others have different visions,beliefs and perceptions from yours. Having unity is being able to trust and respect
others. It is not easy to develop a sense of trust to other people. When you cease
to trust others, you fail to work with them.
In this age, we often see news about murder, corruption, and war. Countries andpeople who experience these unfortunate situations lack unity, since, peace andharmony with other people are only attained if there is unity.

5

Unit

B

Lesson1

Title

Developing
Oneself

Target Language- read a passage about develping
oneself- learn words and expression
about how one can develop
oneself- share your experience on
achieving self-actualization

Vocabularies- inborn- circumstances- determination- facets- domains- individuality- modes- obstacles- overcome- essentials

Reading
Everyone has inborn talents and skills which are further enhanced and developed byeveryday circumstances and experiences. Being a better version of ourselves is a struggle
especially if we lack the will and determination. One can only develop oneself if he desires
it. No one can force you to do it; you and only you can.
There are a lot of facets one must consider in developing himself. The physical, intellectual,
emotional, social and spiritual aspects are the main domains that complete one’s
individuality.
A person may engage in several different modes for him to attain personal growth anddevelopment.
In addition, to develop oneself, one should go through several obstacles or challenges
along the way. One should be able to overcome these challenges successfully. This is oneof the essentials in developing oneself. The more challenges you go through, the moreexperiences you gain, the better you become.
A dream is a series of thoughts, images, or emotions occurring during sleep. The durationof a dream varies from a few seconds to approximately 20 - 30 minutes.
Dreams range from normal and ordinary to surreal and bizarre. Experts
presented their idiosyncratic interpretations of a dream or two. A prominent man in thisfield is Sigmund Freud. He stated that dreams are the manifestations of our deepest
desires and emotions which come as nightmares.

B

2

Dreams- read an article about dreams- learn words and expressions
about dreams in the passage- share your dreams during sleep- duration- surreal- bizarre- idiosyncratic- nightmare- notion- de ja vu

There has been a notion that that particular person or thing you dream about at night isthe very last thing or person you think of before you doze off; or perhaps, the thing or
person you have been thinking about all day.
Well, not only that. Have you ever felt like doing the same thing over again, or being in thesame place, or in the same situation? As if, you’ve been there before? Guess what? You
have; in your dreams. At least, that is what most people say. This is what people know as‘de ja vu”.
It does make sense, for the most part. If you think about it, you cannot remember what
you dreamt about that night. But, when it happens, you feel it. You feel as if you have been
there and done that.
Nevertheless, dreams are interpreted in many different ways. Some believe it is true, some
do not. No matter, dreams are one of those things that make our lives more interesting
and filled with wonder.

6

Unit

LessonTitle

Target Language

Vocabularies

Reading
Have you ever thought of feeding millions of people around the world? As of 2022, there
are about 811 million people globally who suffer from hunger. That is over 10% of theworld's population.

B

3

The Man Who
Helped Feed theWorld- read an article about influential
scientist- learn words and expressions
about the man who helped feed
the world in the passage- share your opinions about how
poverty can be put to an end- devoted- deficiency- agronomist- hybrid- alleviate- innovation- outyield- doggedA devoted scientist from China transformed his country and many developing countries
around the world from "food deficiency to food security" within three decades. Mr. Yuan
Longping, who was a Chinese agronomist, is known as "The Father of Hybrid Rice." He wasa member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering known for developing the first hybrid
rice in the 1970s to alleviate famine in China.
Yuan endured life's hardships yet pursued innovative scientific research to ascend to the
top of hybrid rice research and development. Because of his unending dedication to
helping the poor, he persevered in accomplishing the growth of hybrid rice -a type of ricethat has been bred from two different parents. This innovation, which significantly
outyields other varieties of rice up to 15%, helped feed extra 70 million people worldwide
every year.
His death on May 22, 2021, triggered messages of grief across the country. Mr. Yuan wasconsidered a national hero and a symbol of dogged scientific pursuit in China. He may haveleft the world but he and his contribution to developing hybrid rice and fighting world
hunger will always be remembered.
Language is communication in its broadest sense. Language does not have to conform to
English, French, Korean, or any other 7,100 languages spoken globally; rather, it can beeverything. It could be words, letters, sentences, or sounds; at the same time, it could takethe form of a sign, bodily movements, or Braille. However, the diversity of language is not
only its intriguing feature; but also its dynamicity.

B

4

Language- read an article about language- learn words and expressions
about language- share your opinions about theimportance of language- conform- Braille- intriguing- dynamicity- obsolete- migration- portmanteau- traverse- ingenious

Language is evolving; it is not fixed. As new languages emerge, some spoken languages
become obsolete. There are, in fact, 241 extinct languages. It has changed dramaticallyover the millennium for three reasons. One of them is trade and migration. As different
cultures interact, people share and borrow words from other languages. These are called
loanwords. Words like Avatar, tsunami and Sudoku were originally Japanese but are used
in English. Another factor driving language evolution is the development of newtechnologies. We create new words and phrases to describe things that did not exist. Someof these are portmanteau words. Finally, some words gain new meaning through time. For
example, the mouse that was a rodent is now a part of a computer.
Language is diverse and dynamic, and it is vital. It enables us to express our emotions, art,and selves. Furthermore, language helps us build connections with others and create asense of community, helping us broaden our perspective, as we traverse life. It allows us tobe much smarter, more ingenious, and more loving human beings.

7

Unit

B

B

Lesson

5

6

Title

Target Language

Vocabularies

Animation- frame rate
- kept pace with- read a passage about animation- computer-generated- learn words and expression- imageryabout animation in the passage- surrealistic- share your opinions about- movements
animation- distinctive- enduring

MultipleIntelligences- read an article about eight
different types of intelligence- learn words and expressions
about multiple intelligences- share your thoughts about how
one can nurture theirintelligences- expertise- multiple intelligences- visual-spatial- verbal-linguistic- logical-mathematical- bodily-kinesthetic- interpersonal- intrapersonal- naturalist

Reading
Animation has been around for longer than we ever knew and has significantly contributed
to civilization. Drawings depicting a series of events at a slow frame rate are the earliest
kinds of animation. They were not only short but also lifeless. The development ofanimation kept pace with the development of machines, which led to the revolution incomputer-generated imagery. These animations were then broadcast on television,
eventually turning into fully computer-animated films with surrealistic looks that havechanged significantly over time.
Due to the fact that animation has been around for a while, many people have grown oldalongside these visuals. Without the development of animation, life would be totallydifferent. According to an animator, animation is not the art of drawings that move but theart of movements that they draw. This is because it offers a distinctive experience throughthe details of how it works. It has not only given countless people's lives an enduring
impact, but has also provided a variety of unique experiences to their audience throughanimation production, history and culture, and economic contributions. At the moment,
animation is used not only for entertainment but also as a teaching and marketing tool, as
well as a source of income for many people.
Everyone is intelligent. It is only a matter of finding your area of expertise. Howard
Gardner, a developmental psychologist, has identified eight different types of intelligencethat every person possesses. This allows people to evaluate themselves and identify theirstrengths and weaknesses. Also, educators will have an idea which area they need to focus
on when teaching their students. Gardner’s theory of Multiple Intelligence identifies thefollowing: Visual-Spatial, Verbal-Linguistic, Logical-Mathematical, Bodily-Kinesthetic,
Musical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, and Naturalist.
Visual-Spatial involves perception of the environment. This creates and manipulates
mental images. Verbal-Linguistic involves words, reading, writing, speaking, and knowing
foreign languages. Logical-Mathematical involves numbers and solving different logicalproblems.
Bodily-Kinesthetic is physical coordination or expressing oneself and learning throughphysical activities. Musical is expressing oneself to music and rhythm. Interpersonal
involves knowing how to communicate and understand other people. While, intrapersonalis understanding one’s inner self. Naturalist is understanding the environment and theworld. Multiple Intelligence theory gives you an idea on how to develop your strengths anduse it to your advantage.

8

Unit

B

B

Lesson

7

8

Title

Computer &Internet

Misinformation

Target Language

Vocabularies- read an article about computer& internet- learn words and expressions
about computer & internet in thepassage- share your thoughts about thesignificance of computer &internet to people- feature- innovation- conductive- high risk
- forbidden- read an article about
misinformation in the digital age- learn words and expressions
about misinformation in thepassage- share your thoughts about
misinformation- user-generated
content- paved the way- deceive- unverified- credulous- algorithm- flag- credible- skepticism

Reading
Technological development has come a long way. Many devices have emerged
and became every man’s necessity. One important invention is thecomputer. It
contains commands and features that help people in various ways. This machine
is very convenient in accomplishing people’s needs and purposes. Some people
use it for innovation at work. One feature of a computer is to write documents
and make easy presentations. Other features include research, making reports,business proposals, photo and video editing, etc.
Despite the fact that computers are conducive, it also brings harm and negative
effects to people. For instance, when a computer is used for entertainment they
will need the internet to search different information, videos, and social
networking sites. There is a high risk of getting into forbidden websites. It is also
the main source of bullying. Thus, it is important to remember that computers
and internet are for helping out, not for destroying yourself or other people.
Advancements in communication technology have had extensive benefits inspreading information to people. For instance, user-generated content in onlinesocial media has made it easier for people who share common interests,
worldviews, and stories to come together. However, this freedom of information
has also paved the way for the spread of misinformation.
As defined, "misinformation" is false information, regardless of whether or not it's
intended to mislead or deceive people. Recent studies show that increased
exposure to unverified rumors increases the likelihood of people being credulous.
Moreover, people's desire for instant answers may also overpower their desire to
be certain of their validity.
In an era of misinformation, questioning everything you read must be thestandard. Is it the most up-to-date information? Is the author credible? Are there
any other sources that confirm the information? Is the information too good to betrue? At the end of the day, skepticism goes a long way to combat
misinformation.

9

Unit

B

B

Lesson

9

10

Title

Target Language

Vocabularies

Endless Desires- read an article about the idea ofendless desires- learn words and expressions in
the passage- share your thoughts about
endless desires- purchased- acquired- rushed- ticked pink
- desire- luxury- innate- hilarious

Pollution- read an article about the idea ofpollution- learn words and expressions
about pollution in the passage- share your thoughts about
environment protection- teemed- marine- uninhabitable- pollutants- dumped- industrialization- terrestrial- skyscraper

Reading
She bought an IPod on the first day and an IPhone on the second. She purchased
Chanel jewelry on the third day, acquired a Lamborghini car on the fourth andsecured an Hermes bag on the fifth. She thought that was enough but it wasn’t.
She rushed to the mall, picked a pair of Louis Vuitton footwear and was tickled
pink wearing it on her way back home. What an endless desire of luxury that was!
It is undoubtedly a fact that having unlimited desire is truly an innate humannature. We compare ourselves to others and always wish to have what others
have. It is hilarious to note that we get so curious about the possessions ourfriends, family and relatives have, the brands they are in to, the size of theirhouse, the place where they live and even their lifestyle. Sad but true, we are sofond of longing for things we don’t have instead of counting our blessings.
Mother Earth is dying. Her blue blood teemed with marine animals like fish,
seashells and sea grass is now dirty and uninhabitable. Waste full of chemicals
and pollutants are dumped into the oceans and seas. Tons of trash are throwninto different bodies of water which made her barely breathe.
Mother Earth is dying. Her skin full of green grasses and trees with thick leaves is
now a mass of rotten brown flesh because of industrialization and illegal logging.
Those grasses where terrestrial animals feed on; those trees of thick leaves where
birds lay their eggs are now replaced with skyscrapers and establishments.
Mother Earth is dying. Her body so cool and relaxing is now burning like hellbecause of greenhouse gases. Industrial smoke, bus and car emissions,combustions rapidly increase her body’s temperature causing her to be weak day
by day.
Mother Earth is dying and she is telling us to help one another - To Reduce,
Reuse and Recycle.

10

Unit

LessonTitle

Target Language

Vocabularies

Reading
Aloft the canopies of the concrete jungle hang the most prolific of all marketing
devices, the billboard. They have sprung up along every major highways, as wellas any highly traveled roads. For the denizens of the urban landscape it is a fixtureof daily life. It is as imposing as it is ubiquitous. These colorful depictions ofcommercialized living is where one finds the constant promises of theenhancement of one’s life through the consumption of their offers.

C

1

Billboard- read an article about billboards- learn words and expressions- give an idea about why
billboards exist- prolific- ubiquitous- provocative- sleazy- slick- oppressive- tutelage- dehumanized

Sleazy and slick salesmen exploit the fears and basic instincts of the vulnerable
populace, all in an effort to extract more revenues, with billboards being one of
their main tactics in their campaign to be bought by the public. Among those whofight back against the oppressive tutelage of modern marketing is an anonymous
street artist who goes by the name of Banksy. He’s internationally known for
provocative art that challenges the status quo of crass commercialism andchampions causes drowned out by the noise of advertising. He brings humanity
back to a dehumanized society. He is a hero of our time.
Billboards are attention grabbers. You can't help but notice a sign that is as wide
as your house. Because of their size, they are highly successful at catchingpeople's attention but billboards can be distracting. It attracts too much attention
then it can potentially increase the likelihood of drivers crashing into each other,because they were too mesmerized by what is on the billboard.

11

Unit

LessonTitle

Target Language

Vocabularies

Reading
People are innately social. We all gravitate towards one another for omnifarious
reasons. If we don’t have an actual reason, we’re quite creative in making one.
Take for example parties, galas, and other events that encourage us tocongregate.
Some more proof that we never grow tired of being gregarious is thedevelopment of online social networking sites and messenger apps. I wouldn’t be
surprised if Mark Zuckerberg
reveals that the reason behind the creation of Facebook is the trusted and provenfact that business propagates at a rate which is directly proportional to thenumber of people. So why not provide a site that’ll allow everybody todemonstrate how crazy we are about everybody else? Such a clever guy.

C

2Internet
Friendship- read an article about finding
friends on the internet- learn words and expressions
about internet friendship in thepassage- share what you think about thegood and bad side of the internet- omnifarious- congregate- gregarious- propagates- intercultural- assimilation- ubiquitously- speculation

Messenger apps and online social networking sites give us the ability to makefriends with people from as far as halfway across the world. Isn't it amazing?
Intercultural exchange and assimilation of different customs and traditions are
now happening ubiquitously. On top of that, incipient advancements intechnology may enable us to detect other life forms in our solar system, andeventually, our galaxy. In the future, we'd not only be taking pleasure in making
conversations with fellow earthlings, but also with Jedis, Na'vis, or Kryptonians.
Before you know it, you're already sharing your hobbies and interests with a Jedi!
Taking things up a notch, by the time all these speculations have become areality, physical teleportation of things might already be one of the features on
your messenger app!
Internet friends will have been able to send and receive gifts from halfway acrossthe galaxy. What kinds of interesting gifts would they be! The future of internet
friendship is indeed something to look forward to.
Internet affords us a future of boundless opportunities for interaction andcontact. It transcended our expectations with the emergence of many social
networking sites that now serves as venues for us to stay in touch with our friends
and be updated on their whereabouts and current preoccupation.

12

Unit

LessonTitle

Target Language

Vocabularies

Reading
All people feel a different range of emotions. Some of these emotions are pleasant and arealways wanted to be felt while other emotions we try to avoid as much as possible due tothe pain it may cause us. What is perhaps the most popular and desired of these emotions
is “Happiness”. While all people are naturally inclined to seek to be happy, one might
consider what actually would make him or her happy. Is happiness the same for everyone?
What actually defines happiness?

C

C

3

4

What guarantees
happiness?

The Advocate ofPeace:
Malala Yousafzai- read an article about what
guarantees happiness- learn words and expressions
about what guarantees happinessin the passage- share your thoughts about what
happiness means- read an article about the
advocate of peace- learn words and expressions
from the passage- share your idea about rights andfreedom- fuzzy- flourishing- contentment- linked- attributed- neuropsychological- optimism- advocacy- stood against- militant- threat- powerful weapon- icon- recipient- scoop

Happiness can be considered a fuzzy concept and could mean many different things
to many people. Some closely related concepts to happiness are well-being, quality of life,
flourishing, and contentment. According to a research study, humans seem happiest when
they have: pleasure (tasty food, warm baths, etc.), engagements (or flow, the absorption ofan enjoyed yet challenging activity), relationships (social ties have turned out to be an
extremely reliable indicator of happiness), meaning (a perceived quest or belonging tosomething bigger), and accomplishments (having realized tangible goals).
Happiness has also been closely linked to religion. Such an association may be attributed tothe social connections of organized religion, and by the neuropsychological benefits ofprayer and belief. To elaborate further, the benefits that make people happier fromreligion include social contact and support that result from religious pursuits, the mental
activity that comes with optimism and volunteering, learned coping strategies thatenhance one's ability to deal with stress, and psychological factors such as "reason forbeing."Can you imagine someone winning a Nobel Peace Prize at the age of 18? Known mainly forher human rights advocacy, Malala Yousafzai is ayoung Pakistani girl who stood against the
Taliban, an Islamic militant group, and fought for education and women’s right in her
native land.
Malala received the Nobel Peace Prize exactly two years and a day after a Taliban gunman
shot her in the head on her way home. Despite the growing threat and danger, she
continued fighting for every young girl’s right to education and became an inspiration tothem. She believes that education is a basic human right and a powerful weapon inpromoting global peace and progress.
She once told reporters that going to school, “is like walking through a magic door to yourdreams”. Malala became an international Icon for Peace and a role model to the youth.
She is the youngest ever recipient to scoop the Nobel Prize.

13

Unit

C

C

Lesson

5

6

Title

SuperheroAngkor Wat

Target Language- read an article about four typesof superhero- learn words and expressions
about superhero in the passage- define what a hero is to you- read an article about Angkor
Wat- learn words to talk about
religious monuments- share cultural or historical sites
in your country

Vocabularies- quoted- heroic- phenomena- supernatural- superhero- super heroine- sheer- inspiration- avid- fiction- replica- mythical- compass- cardinal- perspective

Reading
What is a superhero?
The definition of superhero, quoted from Wikipedia is “a type of heroic character
possessing
extraordinary talents, supernatural phenomena, or superhuman powers and is dedicatedto a moral goal or protecting the public”. Superheroes and super heroines are nonexistent. They are made up characters for fictional stories. Their purpose is sheer
entertainment for readers and sometimes stands as an inspiration to people to do betteron what they can do or drag them out from a feculent life.
Being a superhero or super heroine is possible in real life and some even live amongst us.
‘What does it take to be a super hero?, you ask. It is simply being kind towards society.
Protect your world by being friendly to the environment. Defend your citizens by helping
them with what you can and be generous to people when the need arises. These aresimple gestures for being recognized as a superhero in real life.
Angkor (in Cambodia) is the ancient capital of Khmer Empire. A temple built for King
Suryavarman II in the early 12th century as his state temple and capital city is called Angkor
Wat (or Angkor Vat) which is dedicated to Vishnu (Hindu). In Khmer language, “Angkor
wat” means “temple city”. It is located about six kilometers north of Seam Reap, south of
Angkor Thom. The estimated construction time of the temple is 30 years.
Angkor Wat is a miniature replica of the universe in stone and represents an earthly modelof the cosmic world. The central tower rises from the center of the monument symbolizing
the mythical mountain, Mount Meru, home of the gods in Hindu mythology. The
surrounding moat represents the sea. The four sides face the cardinal compass points.
If you want to visit Cambodia and witness this world’s largest religious monument, it’ s best
if you get some guidebooks to read. In the guidebook, it is stated that a traveler or a visitor
may walk through the temples in the morning to avoid afternoon heat but this would takea minimum of five days. Temple veterans were quick to dismiss this strategy and advised torent a bicycle in Siem Reap. Another option is a bus tour, which is offered at most area
hotels. The easiest way if you are with a two to four other visitors is to hire a car and adriver.
Traveling increases our knowledge and widens our perspective. It can help us change someof our habits or even create new ones. When traveling with friends or family it creates
memories for a lifetime.

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LessonTitle

Target Language

Vocabularies

Reading
Artificial intelligence is a wide field of computer science concerned with creating smart
machines capable of performing tasks that normally require human intelligence. From thedevelopment of self-driving cars, smart assistants such as Siri and Alexa, email spam filters,
smart home devices, and emerging innovations such as screenless video and advanced
robotics, Al is becoming more prevalent in everyday life.

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Artificial
Intelligence- read an article about artificial
intelligence- learn words to talk about
artificial intelligence in thepassage- share your opinions about the
impacts artificial intelligence has
to human lives- computer science- spam filters- prevalent- drawback- domain- counterpart- interference- enslave

According to an Ipsos survey for the World Economic Forum, about 60% believe that Alpowered products and services will make their lives easier. But will it make life better?
Those surveyed were less certain, with only 52% believing that products and services basedon artificial intelligence have more advantages than drawbacks.
Al can help reduce human error and is available at all times. We can use it to makemachines work 24 hours a day. Furthermore, AI is also powering many inventions in almost
every domain, which will assist humans in solving the majority of complex problems.
However, every bright side has a darker counterpart. With its advanced features, Al ismaking humans lazy, with most work becoming automated. As Al replaces robots for the
majority of repetitive tasks and other manual labor, human interference is decreasing. This
will cause a significant problem in employment standards.
People around us have asked what we want to be when we grow up at some point in ourlives. This question has led us to believe that we must find one true calling to which wemust devote our lives. As a result, people overly romanticize the idea of having that one
true calling. Yet, some people do not want to be just one thing. Does that mean there issomething wrong with them?

C8- read an article about
multipotentialites- learn words to talk about
multipotentialite: a person with
Multipotentialite
no one tru calling in the passage- share your opinions on theadvantages and disadvantages ofbeing a multipotentialite- calling- romanticize- coined- pursuit- concurrently- sequentially- polymath"Multipotentialites" are people who have a variety of creative pursuits and interests, aterm coined and popularized by Emilie Wapnick in her TED talk. She defined
multipotentialites as people who pursue multiple paths in life, either concurrently orsequentially. Unlike specialists, they do not have one true calling. Furthermore, unlike
polymaths, multipotentialites do not need to be experts in those fields. Their potential liesin their interests and efforts to pursue those career paths. Leonardo da Vinci, BenjaminFranklin, Aristotle, and others are examples of famous multipotentialites.
Employers find multipotentialites valuable to the workforce. They are known for theirability to synthesize ideas (providing fresh and new ideas by bringing knowledge together
from various fields), learn quickly, and adapt to new situations. These skills give them anadvantage in the labor market.
Choosing the path to take is hard. You may be confused about your choice, or you may nothave come up with one. Therefore, whether you are a specialist or a person withmultipotentiality, you should embrace your passion and true self. Being true to yourself
leads to a more fulfilling life.

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Lesson9

Title

Endangered
SpeciesTarget Language- read an article about
endangered species- learn words to talk about
endangered species in thepassage- share some ways to preserve
endangered species around theworld

Vocabularies- endangered species- diversity- biodiversity- ecosystems- implement- outlawed- extinction

Reading
In today’s world, a vast diversity of animal and plant species populate different
regions of theplanet. Millions of species of various organisms constitute a biodiversity thatencompasses a number of ecosystems. Each of these species plays integral roles
in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. The absence of any of these species
may bring about unpleasant consequences and disrupt the ecological balance.
Despite the millions of species that exist, an alarming number of them are under
the threat of facing extinction. In fact, it can be said that a number of them havealready ceased to exist. Perhaps the best known examples would be the dinosaurs
and the dodo birds. Other species such as the American bald eagle, the giant
panda, and the Siberian tiger are already at risk. A number of factors come
intoplay that resulted in the slow decline in population of certain species. First ofthese would be overhuntingwhich involves mankind hunting down animals for thereasons of food consumption or mere sport. Another factor would be theintroduction of invasive species in certain areas that could result to a number ofoutcomes such as competition for food or prey or even the transmission ofunavoidable diseases.
Due to these dangerous developments, various measures have likewise beenenacted to preserve these endangered species and spare them from extinction.
Governments have implemented laws that outlawed the hunting down of suchspecies. Despite these laws, illegal poachers have still sought to hunt down these
endangered species. Captive breeding is another measure being undertaken thatinvolves the process of breeding endangered species in human controlledenvironments such as wildlife preserves and zoos. Only time will tell if thesemeasures will prove effective and successful in the preservation of these species.

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LessonTitle

Target Language

Vocabularies

Reading
In traditional and modern cultures around the world, it has been the role of adults
to undergo labor and employment in order to provide income for their respective
families. Children, on the other hand, are traditionally obliged to pursue
education. Unfortunately, in some instances, children would be forced to undergo
labor, thus being deprived of a proper childhood and education. To make mattersworse, such forms of labor may prove to be detrimental and harmful to thechildren’s mental, physical, social, and moral well-being. As such, the issue ofchild labor has been one of the most prevalent and controversial ones being facedby various countries in the world today.

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Child Labor- obliged- read an article about child labor - impoverished- crucial- learn words to talk about child- adequate
labor in the passage- share your opinions about how - poverty- prevalentchild labor can be put to an end- detrimental

A number of causes have been attributed to the existence of child labor. What
has been cited
as its greatest single cause is poverty. For impoverished households, a child’s
work income is usually crucial for his or her own survival or for that of thehousehold. Income of working children, even a small amount, may be between 25
to 40% of the household income. The lack of meaningful alternatives such as thelack of affordable schools or quality education is another primary factor andconcern. Many communities, particularly rural areas where child labor isprevalent, do not possess adequate school facilities. Other circumstances would
include the distance of some available schools and the difficulty of reaching them.
Such conditions would entail that children would have nothing better to do.
On the other hand, certain cultural beliefs have rationalized child labor andthereby encouraged it. Some view that work is good for character building andskill development of children. In many cultures, particularly where the informal
economy and small household businesses thrive, the cultural tradition is thatchildren follow in their parents’ footsteps; child labor then is a means to learn
and practice that trade from a very early age.

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