DOE/CF-0167

Department of Energy
FY 2021 Congressional
Budget Request

Budget in Brief

February 2020

Office of Chief Financial Officer

DOE/CF-0167

Department of Energy
FY 2021 Congressional
Budget Request

Budget in Brief

February 2020

Office of Chief Financial Officer
Printed with soy ink on recycled paper

FY 2021 BUDGET IN BRIEF
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Funding by Appropriation .......................................................................................................................................................... 12
Funding by Organization……………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………….13
Under Secretary for Energy
Energy Programs
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy ....................................................................................................................... 17
Office of Electricity .......................................................................................................................................................... 22Power Marketing Administrations .................................................................................................................................. 25
Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response ............................................................................................ 28
Petroleum Reserves ........................................................................................................................................................ 30
Fossil Energy Research and Development ...................................................................................................................... 32
Nuclear Energy ................................................................................................................................................................ 36
Uranium Reserve............................................................................................................................................................. 38
Interim Storage and Nuclear Waste Fund Oversight ...................................................................................................... 39
Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs .................................................................................................................. 40
Environment, Health, Safety and Security Mission Support ........................................................................................... 41
Credit Programs
Title 17 – Innovative Technology Loan Guarantee Program ................................................................................ 43
Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program ............................................................................ 44
Tribal Energy Loan Guarantee Program ............................................................................................................... 45
Other Energy Programs
Energy Information Administration ................................................................................................................................ 46
Under Secretary for Science
Science.................................................................................................................................................................................. 47
Environmental Management ............................................................................................................................................... 52
Legacy Management ............................................................................................................................................................ 56
Under Secretary for Nuclear Security and National Nuclear Security Administration
National Nuclear Security Administration ........................................................................................................................... 57
Federal Salaries and Expenses ........................................................................................................................................ 58
Weapons Activities ......................................................................................................................................................... 60
Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation ................................................................................................................................. 63
Naval Reactors ................................................................................................................................................................ 66
Other Department Offices
Departmental Administration .............................................................................................................................................. 68
Artificial Intelligence and Technology Office ........................................................................................................................ 70
Independent Enterprise Assessments .................................................................................................................................. 71
Hearings and Appeals ........................................................................................................................................................... 72
Office of the Inspector General ............................................................................................................................................ 73
International Affairs ............................................................................................................................................................. 74
Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy.…………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………..75
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission .................................................................................................................................... 76

PROMOTING ENERGY INDEPENDENCE, PROGRESSING SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, AND PROTECTING THE NATION
The mission of the Department of Energy (DOE) is to advance U.S. national security and economic growth throughtransformative science and technology innovation that promotes affordable and reliable energy through market solutions,and meets nuclear security and environmental cleanup challenges. DOE’s Fiscal Year (FY) 2021 Budget Request provides forresearch, emerging energy technologies, and nuclear capabilities to support DOE’s mission, activities, and policies.
America’s central position in the global energy system is as a leading producer, consumer, and innovator. Access todomestic sources of clean, affordable, and reliable energy will underpin a prosperous, secure, and powerful America for
decades to come. Affordable energy is central to modern life. The Nation must take advantage of abundant domestic
resources and energy efficiency to promote competitiveness across industries. Utilizing the Nation’s energy resources ofcoal, natural gas, petroleum, renewables, and nuclear, stimulates the economy and builds a foundation for future growth.
The United States must lead in research, technology, and invention to maintain competitive advantage. As other countries
continue to advance, the U.S. must advance as well. DOE prioritizes emerging technologies critical to economic growth andsecurity, such as advanced computing technologies and artificial intelligence (AI). The U.S. must plan for the future bysupporting research and development (R&D), including at the National Laboratories. The National Laboratories have served asleading institutions for scientific innovation in the U.S. for more than 75 years. American ingenuity, combined with free-market
capitalism, can drive tremendous technological breakthroughs leading to improvements in America’s economy and environment.
The U.S. needs to continuously address threats to national security. Given the geopolitical environment, the U.S. must havecapabilities to address these challenges. The return to great power competition coupled with an unprecedented range andmix of threats requires the U.S. to maintain a diverse set of nuclear capabilities that can provide flexible and tailored options
to enhance deterrence and to achieve objectives should deterrence fail. The Department must sustain U.S. nuclear
weapons, modernize nuclear forces and infrastructure, and maintain deterrence in light of increasingly capable opponents.
National Security also depends on a resilient electric grid and successfully countering evolving and increasing cyber-attacks
on networks, data, facilities, and infrastructure.

OVERVIEWThe President’s Budget for FY 2021 requests $35.4B for the Department of Energy to meet today and tomorrow’s challenges
by promoting energy independence, progressing scientific research, and protecting the Nation. The Budget highlights
crosscutting, early-stage applied research in energy storage, grid integration, critical minerals, and harsh environment
materials for a secure, resilient, affordable, and integrated energy system. The Budget maintains global leadership inscientific and technological innovation in part through 17 National Laboratories, including basic research to support
Industries of the Future. DOE remains committed to managing and cleaning up nuclear waste. The Budget also supports
aggressively modernizing the nuclear security enterprise for the safety and security of America.
The FY 2021 Budget Request provides:

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGYFY 2021
DOE$M•
Energy3,603•
Science
5,856•
National Security
26,891•
Administration and Oversight
215•
Savings and Receipts-722•
Reduction for Loan Programs and ARPA-E-480
DOE Total
35,363*•$3.6B for technologies that will make the Nation’s energy
supply more affordable, reliable, and efficient promoting
energy independence and dominance.

•$5.9B to progress cutting-edge scientific R&D, including
support for Industries of the Future, such as quantum
information science (QIS) and AI. The Budget also funds
key technologies such as microelectronics, advanced
manufacturing, biotechnology, and technology transfer.
The Budget also supports state-of-the art scientific tools and facilities keeping U.S. researchers at the forefront ofscientific innovation.

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•$26.9B to support national security, and includes:o$6.1B to continue cleanup of sites resulting from six decades of nuclear weapons development andproduction and Government-sponsored nuclear energy research.

o$19.8B to sustain and modernize the U.S. nuclear stockpile and aging infrastructure, reduce global nuclear
threats, and propel the nuclear Navy.

The Budget also emphasizes coordinated crosscutting research of technologies for energy storage, critical minerals, harshenvironment materials, grid integration, advanced manufacturing, exascale computing, and microelectronics.
The Budget seeks innovations and includes $190M for Advanced Energy Storage Initiative (AESI) to support the Energy
Storage Grand Challenge (ESGC), a holistic approach to accelerate the development, commercialization, and utilization of
next-generation energy storage technologies. The Department integrated the existing dispersed storage efforts from the Officeof Science (SC), Grid Modernization Initiative, AESI, Beyond Batteries, and others into ESGC, an integrated, comprehensive DOEwide strategy. The vision for the ESGC is to create and sustain global leadership in energy storage utilization and exports, with asecure domestic manufacturing supply chain that is independent of foreign sources of critical materials, by 2030.
To promote efficiency and maximize impact, the Budget maintains momentum on the Harsh Environment Materials
Initiative (HEMI) launched in FY 2020. The Budget provides approximately $58.5M for HEMI, including $6.5M from the
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), up to $22M from the Office of Fossil Energy (FE), and $30M fromthe Office of Nuclear Energy (NE). The initiative exploits synergies in materials and component manufacturing process
research for advanced thermoelectric power plants. Building on current applied energy programs, this initiative leverages
activities related to advanced reactor technologies and high efficiency low emission modular coal plants to align R&D of
novel materials, integrated sensors, and manufacturing processes.
The Budget also establishes a $131M Critical Minerals Initiative (CMI) to coordinate research across the Department. Funds
will come from program offices including, EERE with $53M, FE with $32M, NE with $1M, and SC with $45M, to initiate a
National Laboratory-led team approach modeled after the Grid Modernization Laboratory Consortium to elevate andcoordinate research activities.
To maintain U.S. leadership in supercomputing, the Budget provides almost $710M from SC ($475M) and the National Nuclear
Security Administration (NNSA) ($235M). In FY 2021, funding will support continued development of two SC-supported exascale
systems. The first of these two exascale systems will be deployed calendar year 2021 at Argonne National Laboratory, with thesecond coming on line in the 2021 – 2022 timeline at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. In addition, the FY 2021 Request will provide
support for the procurement of and site preparation for a third exascale system delivered to NNSA at Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory in FY 2023. The SC and NNSA partnership will bolster America’s national security by strengthening the nuclear stockpile
and next generation of science breakthroughs not possible with today’s fastest computing systems.
In FY 2021, the Budget provides $249M from SC ($237M) and NNSA ($12M) in support of QIS research. Supporting the National
Quantum Initiative and the Administration’s Industries of the Future initiative, the Budget provides funding for research activities
including strategic partnerships in quantum computing and data intensive applications, development of quantum sensors based on
atomic-nuclear interactions, and development of quantum computing algorithms, and early stage research associated with theinitial steps to establish a dedicated Quantum Network.
To support fiscal responsibility and streamline DOE activities, the Budget eliminates the Advanced Research Projects
Agency—Energy (ARPA-E) program, the Title XVII Innovative Technology Loan Guarantee Program, the Advanced Technology
Vehicle Manufacturing Loan Program, and the Tribal Energy Loan Guarantee Program. ARPA-E elimination facilitates
opportunities to integrate the positive aspects of ARPA-E into DOE’s applied energy research programs including throughchanges to the implementation of the Small Business Innovation Research and Small Business Technology Transfer(SBIR/STTR) program. Loan programs are eliminated because the private sector is better positioned to finance deploymentof commercially viable projects. To further achieve fiscal discipline and reduce taxpayer risk the request proposes to repeal
the Western Area Power Administration’s (WAPA) borrowing authority that finances the construction of electricity

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FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

transmission projects. Investments in transmission assets are best carried out by the private sector with appropriate market
and regulatory incentives.

PROMOTING ENERGY INDEPENDENCE
Recognizing that the U.S. has among the most abundant and diverse energy resources in the world, including oil, gas, coal,
nuclear, and renewables, the FY 2021 Budget Request supports a variety of efforts that emphasize and strengthen thatunique advantage, including establishing a uranium reserve, to promote energy independence. The Budget provides $3.6B
for energy and related programs and funds basic research while continuing the Administration’s support of early-stage
applied R&D, and targeted later-stage R&D to address unique challenges. DOE is committed to supporting energy initiatives
that will attract investments, safeguard the environment, and strengthen energy security.
Highlights include:

ENERGYFY 2021•$719.6M for EERE prioritizing core lab activities,
particularly in renewables and energy efficiency.
Energy Programs$M
The Budget also maintains funding at the National•
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
720
Renewable Energy Laboratory. EERE invests in early•
Cyber Security, Energy Security, & Emergency Response 185
stage research to spur private-sector research,•
Electricity
195
development, and commercialization of critical•
Nuclear Energy
1,180
energy technologies such as: sustainable•
Interim Storage and Nuclear Waste Fund Oversight
28•
Uranium Reserve
150
transportation technologies to increase fuel•Fossil Energy Research and Development731
diversity and improve efficiency across the•
Petroleum Reserves
200
transportation sector ($161M); renewable power•
Energy Information Administration
129
generation technologies to compete with other•IndianEnergy8electricity sources without subsidies ($160M); and•Power
Marketing
Administrations
79
energy efficiency to improve affordability, energy
Energy Total
3,603
productivity, and resiliency of homes, buildings, andmanufacturing sectors ($164M). The Budget invests
in the Plastics Innovation Challenge and continues to support AESI in support of ESGC, HEMI, CMI, and other crosscutting activities. The Budget divests from Weatherization and State Energy subprograms which are more appropriately
funded at the state level.

•$184.6M for Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response to invest in an all hazards approach to energysector cybersecurity. The Budget supports development of capabilities to identify, prevent, protect against, mitigate,
and respond to cybersecurity threats during an emergency event that pose risk to energy delivery operations. The
Budget funds R&D, public and private-sector partnerships, and emergency preparedness and response.

•$195M for the Office of Electricity to support the mission of secure and resilient sources of electricity. The investment
addresses the challenges of increased threats to energy infrastructure, increased demand, changes in supply mix andlocation of the Nation’s generation portfolio, and increased variability and uncertainty of supply and demand. The
Budget will support four priorities: develop and implement an integrated North American Energy Resiliency Model;
pursue a megawatt-scale storage; revolutionize sensing technology; and pursue transmission permitting and technicalassistance.

•$1.2B for Office of Nuclear Energy to fund a diverse set of programs to advance nuclear energy technologies that are
critical to the Nation’s energy mix. The Budget supports early-stage R&D and targeted later-stage R&D to address uniquechallenges. The Budget provides for the Reactor Concepts R&D, Fuel Cycle R&D, and Nuclear Energy Enabling
Technologies as critical laboratory infrastructure and safeguards needed to support nuclear energy R&D. Of the $1.2B,$295M is for the Versatile Test Reactor (VTR) project, one of the Department’s highest priorities. The VTR is a first-of-akind fast reactor that would assist the private sector to develop and demonstrate new energy technologies. The Budget
request reinforces the Administration’s commitment to re-energize the U.S. nuclear sector with funds to support designand construction of the VTR.

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FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

•$27.5M for the Interim Storage and Nuclear Waste Fund Oversight program to fund the development andimplementation of a robust interim storage program, DOE’s fiduciary responsibility for Yucca Mountain, and oversight of
the Nuclear Waste Fund. Coupled with DOE’s funding for storage, transportation, and disposal R&D, the Budget
supports the development of a durable, predictable yet flexible plan that addresses more efficiently storing waste
temporarily in the near term, followed by permanent disposal, and the Administration will establish an interagency
working group to develop this plan in consultation with States.

•$150M to establish a Uranium Reserve that provides assurance of availability of uranium in the event of a market
disruption and supports strategic U.S. fuel cycle capabilities. This action addresses the immediate challenge to the
production of domestic uranium and reflects the Administration’s Nuclear Fuel Working Group priorities.

•$730.6M for Fossil Energy R&D to conduct research that supports the clean, affordable, and efficient use of domestic
fossil energy resources. The program funds early-stage R&D with academia, National Laboratories, and the private sector to
generate knowledge that industry can use to develop new products and processes. Funding is also provided to support
competitive awards with industry, National Laboratories and academia focused on innovative early-stage R&D to improve thereliability, availability, efficiency, and environmental performance of advanced fossil-based power systems.

•$200M net amount for the Office of Petroleum Reserves, with $187M for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR). The SPR
provides strategic and economic security against potential interruptions in U.S. petroleum supplies. The Budget supports the
programs operational readiness and drawdown capabilities. Consistent with prior budget requests, the Administration is reproposing the sale and closure of the Northeast Gasoline Supply Reserve (NGSR), which has not been used since its
establishment. Proceeds from the sale from the NGSR will be contributed to deficit reduction. Additionally, the Department is
proposing to close the Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve which has also never been used for its intended purposed and is
not a good use of taxpayer funds. The Budget further proposes a sale of 15 million barrels of SPR crude oil to raise funds forother Departmental priorities, including $242M needed to fund the completion of remediation work at the NPR-1 site. The
Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves will be funded at $13M.

•$128.7M for the Energy Information Administration (EIA) to continue supporting the collection, analysis, and dissemination of
independent and impartial energy information and analysis to promote sound policymaking, efficient markets, and public
understanding. EIA will also begin a multi-year effort to modernize its energy modeling capabilities. Expected benefits include
greater agility in EIA’s modeling system to address key current and emerging trends. The Budget will also enable EIA to continue
planned cybersecurity initiatives to bolster information security.

•$8M for the Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs for energy development and deployment on Indian lands, reduction ofenergy costs, assistance in economic development, and electrification in tribal communities where unemployment and poverty
rates far exceed national averages.

•$78.6M for the four Power Marketing Administrations (PMA) to sell electricity primarily generated by federally ownedhydropower projects to public entities and electric cooperatives. The Budget again proposes to repeal WAPA’s borrowing
authority that finances the construction of electricity transmission projects. Investments in transmission assets are best
carried out by the private sector with appropriate market and regulatory incentives that support resiliency and reliability.
The Request again proposes to sell the transmission assets owned and operated by the PMAs, and authorize the PMAs tocharge rates comparable to those charged by for-profit investor owned utilities. Reducing the government’s role inelectricity transmission infrastructure ownership, and introducing market-based incentives for power sales from Federal
dams would encourage an efficient allocation of economic resources and mitigate risk to taxpayers.

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PROGRESSING SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
The FY 2021 Budget Request includes $5.9B to progress scientific research continuing U.S. dominance in research andscience. The Budget funds the science mission by focusing on early-stage research, operating the national laboratories, andcontinuing high priority construction projects. The Budget includes ongoing investments for exascale and QIS for creating
new ways of processing and analyzing information.
The Budget funds the Office of Science at $5.8B providing $475M for Exascale computing to help secure a global leadershiprole in exascale, $237M for QIS, $125M for AI and machine learning, and $45M to enhance materials and chemistryfoundational research to support U.S.-based leadership in microelectronics. SC’s work, particularly in the areas of QIS andAI, will support the Industries of the Future Initiative. SC efforts in QIS includes development of quantum computing andquantum sensor technology. QIS will benefit national security, economic competitiveness, and secure America’s continued
leadership in science.
Highlights include:•$988M for Advanced Scientific Computing Research(ASCR) to strengthen U.S. leadership in strategic
computing, the foundations of AI and QIS, and theinfrastructure that enables data-driven science. To
meet SC’s high performance computing mission for
the exascale project, the Budget prioritizes basic
research in Applied Mathematics and Computer
Science with emphasis on the challenges of dataintensive science, including AI and machine learning,and computing technologies. The Budget increases
support for ASCR’s Computational Partnerships
focusing on developing partnerships in quantum
computing and data intensive applications, and new
partnerships in exascale and data infrastructure. The
Budget also provides support for ASCR user facilities
operations to ensure the availability of highperformance computing, data, and networking to thescientific community.

SCIENCEFY 2021
Science
Office of Science Programs•
Advanced Scientific Computing Research•
Basic Energy Sciences•
Biological and Environmental Research•
Fusion Energy Sciences•
High Energy Physics•
Nuclear Physics•
Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists•
Science Laboratory Infrastructure•
Safeguards and Security•
Program Direction
Office of Science Programs Total
Artificial Intelligence and Technology Office
Office of Technology Transitions
Science Total

$M
988
1,936
517
425
818
653
21
174
116
190
5,838
5
13
5,856

•

$1.9B for Basic Energy Sciences (BES) to support fundamental research to understand, predict, and ultimately control
matter and energy at the electronic, atomic, and molecular levels providing foundations for new energy technologies,
to mitigate the environmental impact of energy use. BES supports DOE missions in energy, environment, and national
security. DOE aims to better understand the physical world and harness nature to benefit people and society. Specifically,
funds provide for exascale computing, QIS, and operation of user facilities. The Budget will continue ongoing construction
projects and fund a new construction project, the Cryomodule Repair and Maintenance Facility.

•$516.9M for Biological and Environmental Research (BER) to support fundamental research to understand complex
biological, biogeochemical, and physical principles of natural systems at scales extending from the genome of microbes andplants to the environmental and ecological processes at the scale of the planet Earth. The Budget supports research inbiological systems science, earth and environmental systems science, and new efforts in translating biodesign rules tofunctional properties of novel biological polymers. The Budget continues operation of the three BER scientific user facilities:
the Joint Genome Institute, the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Research Facility, and the Environmental Molecular
Sciences Laboratory.

•$425.1M for the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences (FES) for research to develop a fusion energy source and to understandmatter at very high temperatures and densities. Fusion energy is a carbon-free energy source with enormous potential,
such as combatting climate change, serving as a vast energy source, providing economic benefits, and promoting
national security. The Budget continues to support research and facility operations, including research at international
facilities with unique capabilities, research in QIS, and research in high-density laboratory plasma science. Funding for

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FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

facilities operations includes DIII-D for magnetic fusion, the National Spherical Torus Experiment Upgrade facility
repairs, and upgrades at the Matter in Extreme Conditions Petawatt facility project. The Budget also funds the U.S. inkind hardware contribution for the ITER international research project.
•$818.1M for High Energy Physics (HEP) for research to understand how the universe works at its most fundamental level by
discovering the most elementary constituents of matter and energy, probing the interactions among them, and exploring thebasic nature of space and time. HEP underpins and advances DOE mission and objectives through this research. The Budget
funds core research activities including QIS, AI, exascale computing, and next-generation microelectronics. The Budget further
funds the Accelerator Traineeship Program to expand workforce development in advanced technology and HEP facilities.

•$653.2M for Nuclear Physics to support research to discover, explore, and understand all forms of nuclear matter. The
Budget funds world class nuclear physics, QIS, the DOE Isotope program. The Budget also supports new initiatives in AI
and Strategic Accelerator R&D as they relate to nuclear physics.

•$20.5M for Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists to provide for a sustained pipeline of science, technology,
engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professionals to meet current and future national goals and objectives. Maintaining U.S.
leadership requires specialized computer scientists and applied mathematicians to develop supercomputing methods to solve
real world problems today and develop technology of the future. The Budget funds programs that place highly qualified
applicants in authentic STEM learning and training opportunities at DOE laboratories, as well as supports the National Science
Bowl® competition.

•$174.1M for Science Laboratories Infrastructure to sustain mission-ready infrastructure and safe and environmentally
responsible operations by providing the infrastructure necessary to support leading edge research at ten national sciencelaboratories. The Budget funds the new and ongoing construction projects that will address inadequate core infrastructure andutility needs.

The Budget funds $5M for operations of the Artificial Intelligence and Technology Office (AITO). AI is a foundational
technology that is disruptive and will drive decades of innovation. AITO leads Department-wide efforts to evaluate thescope and effectiveness of DOE’s AI programs and identify gaps not addressed by programs, functional offices, sites, orassociated National Laboratories. AITO is uniquely situated to develop and lead collaborative solutions across the
Department that are consistent with the Secretary’s priorities and objectives. The office will also be instrumental in
supporting the Administration’s Industries of the Future Initiative.
The Budget funds $12.6M for the Office of Technology Transitions to support ongoing activities, including the Technology
Commercialization Fund, Lab Partnering Service, Energy I-Corps, and Innovation XLab summits. The Budget will fully implement the
Empowering Novel American Businesses with Laboratory Embedding competition.

PROTECTING THE NATION
Environmental Management
The Department must continue to manage nuclear waste in all forms including some of the most dangerous materials
known. The FY 2021 Budget Request includes $6.1B for environmental management to continue cleanup resulting from six
decades of nuclear weapons development and production and Government-sponsored nuclear energy research. Funds will
support cleanup of millions of gallons of liquid radioactive waste and thousands of tons of spent nuclear fuel and nuclear
materials. DOE will dispose of large volumes of transuranic and mixed/low-level waste, and huge quantities of contaminatedsoil and water. To date, the Office of Environmental Management (EM) has completed cleanup activities at 91 sites in 30
states and in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. EM is responsible for cleanup at 16 remaining sites in 11 states.
Highlights include:•$1.7B to support the Liquid Waste Program at Savannah River Site (SRS) to achieve additional risk reduction bystabilization and immobilization of high activity radionuclides through vitrification into canisters at the Defense Waste
Processing Facility and disposition of decontaminated salt waste in Saltstone Disposal Units. The Request supports
continuing construction of saltstone disposal units. The Salt Waste Processing Facility is poised to start in FY 2020 and in

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FY 2021 will begin 24-7 operations. The Budget also includes $25M for the design and construction of the Advanced
Manufacturing Collaborative Facility.
•$1.3B for the Office of River Protection to safely manage andtreat approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive liquidand chemical waste currently stored in 177 undergroundstorage tanks at Hanford. The Budget supports
construction, start up, and commissioning of facilities thatare integral to begin treating Hanford low-activity tankwaste by December 2023 as required by the 2016
Amended Consent Decree.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTFY 2021
Environmental Management•
Savannah River•
River Protection•
Richland/Hanford•Portsmouth•
Oak Ridge•
Carlsbad/Waste Isolation Pilot Plant
•
Idaho
•
Program Direction•
Paducah•Los Alamos•West Valley Demonstration Project•Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory•
Nevada•Moab
•
Technology Development•
Uranium Thorium Reimbursements•
Separation Process Research Unit (SPRU)•
Headquarters Operations•
Energy Technology Engineering Center•
Other Sites•
Sandia National Laboratory•
Offset (Rescission of Prior Year Balances)
EM Total

$M
1,703
1,258
655
491
432
390
271
275
282
120
92
2
61
48
25
21
15
13
11
5
5
-109
6,066

•

$655M for the Richland site to support continued
achievement of important progress required by the Tri-Party
Agreement for cleanup activities other than tank waste
managed by the Office of River Protection. The Budget will
maintain safe operations, provide Hanford site-wideservices, and conduct critical site infrastructure projects,
as well as startup preparation activities for the Integrated
Disposal Facility to support Direct Feed Low Activity
Waste commissioning and startup.

•$491M for the decontamination and decommissioning of thePortsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant facilities, including
construction and design of on-site waste disposal facilities.

•$432M for cleanup activities at the Oak Ridge site,
including continued slab and soil remediation at the East
Tennessee Technology Park, mercury characterization andremediation technologies, planning for construction of
the mercury treatment facility at the Y-12 National Security Complex, as well as continued design for the On-Site
Disposal Facility to support Y-12 National Security Complex and Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

•$390M to safely continue waste emplacement at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, the Nation’s only mined
geologic repository for permanent disposal of defense-generated transuranic waste, including $50M forcontinued progress on the utility shaft project to increase underground airflow for simultaneous mining andwaste emplacement operations, as well as $10M to begin the Hoisting Capability Project.

•$271M to continue cleanup at the Idaho site. The Budget supports Integrated Waste Treatment operations andadditional treated sodium bearing waste storage capacity, supports completing buried waste exhumation activities, andcontinued progress in characterizing, packing, and shipping stored contact-handled and remote handled transuranic
waste, as well as spent nuclear fuel activities in order to meet the Idaho Settlement Agreement milestone for 2023.

•$282M for the Paducah site to continue environmental remediation and further stabilize the gaseous diffusion plant.

•$120M to continue focus on surface and groundwater management at Los Alamos National Lab (LANL). The Budget also
continues activities to control migration of a hexavalent chromium plume beneath Montana and Sandia Canyons. DOE
will plan and execute retrieval and repackaging of the below-grade transuranic waste.

Legacy Management
The Budget provides $317M for Legacy Management (LM) to support long-term activities, administer an interagency
agreement addressing abandoned defense related uranium mines, execute the Department’s Uranium Leasing Program,develop applied studies and technology to reduce scope and costs, and close the Grand Junction, Colorado Disposal Site.

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FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

The Budget also includes $150M to support and expand the Reform Proposal to consolidate funding for the administration
for Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program under LM.
National Nuclear Security Administration
NNSA is responsible for maintaining a safe, secure, and effective nuclear weapons stockpile that preserves a credible
nuclear deterrent in the return of great power competition, for preventing, countering, and responding to evolving andemerging nuclear proliferation and terrorism threats. NNSA also provides safe, reliable, and long‐term nuclear propulsion to
the Nation’s Navy as it protects American and allied interests around the world.
To support these activities the Budget proposes $19.8B for NNSA. Consistent with the nation’s nuclear deterrence mission
and the policy set forth in the 2018 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR), the Budget invests in the security and safety of the
Nation by maintaining a safe, secure, and effective nuclear weapons stockpile; reducing global nuclear threats and keeping
material out of the hands of terrorists; strengthening key science, technology, and engineering capabilities; providing safeand effective integrated nuclear propulsion systems for the U.S. Navy; and modernizing the national security infrastructure
as well as funding for staff critical to carry out the NNSA mission.
Highlights include:••$15.6B for Weapons Activities to maintain the safety,
security, and effectiveness of the nuclear stockpile,
continue the nuclear modernization program, andmodernize and recapitalize NNSA’s nuclear security
infrastructure portfolio in alignment with the NPR.

NATIONAL SECURITY
FY 2021
National Security Programs
NNSA Programs•
Weapons Activities•
Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation•
Naval Reactors•
Federal Salaries and Expenses
NNSA Total
Environmental Management
Other Defense Activities•
Legacy Management
National Security Total$M
15,602
2,031
1,684
454
19,771
6,066
1,054
317
26,891o$4.3B for Stockpile Management to support stockpile
sustainment, dismantlement, and modernization of
the nuclear weapons program. The Budget funds
sustainment of the current stockpile, major warhead
modernization efforts, safe and secure
dismantlement of weapons, and production
operations.

o$2.5B for Production Modernization to support strategic materials production capabilities for nuclear weapons,
including primaries, canned subassemblies, radiation cases and non-nuclear components needed to sustain the
nuclear stockpile near- to long-term. The Budget funds equipment, facilities, and personnel required to reestablish
the Nation’s ability to produce pits with the goal of producing 80 pits per year by 2030 at LANL and SRS.

o

$2.8B for Stockpile Research, Technology, and Engineering to provide the scientific foundation for science-based
stockpile decisions and actions, including the capabilities, tools, and components enabling assessment of the active
stockpile and certification of warhead modernization programs. The Budget for FY 2021 supports the continued
implementation of the Enhanced Capabilities for Subcritical Experiments (ECSE). Funding includes $235M for
activities and research leading to deployment of exascale capability for national security applications. This
includes $85.5M for a multi-year non-recurring engineering collaboration focusing on advanced systemengineering efforts and software technologies to make the 2023 exascale system a capable and productive
computing resource for the Stockpile Stewardship Program.

o$4.4B for Infrastructure and Operations to continue the long‐term effort to modernize NNSA infrastructure,
improve working conditions of NNSA’s deteriorating facilities and equipment, and address safety andprogrammatic risks. The Request includes increased funding for the construction of the Uranium Processing
Facility project and design of the Lithium Processing Facility at Y-12 and the Tritium Finishing Facility at SRS.
The Budget also continues construction of the Chemistry and Metallurgical Research Replacement project tosustain plutonium science activities.

$2B for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation to address nuclear threats by preventing the unwanted acquisition of
nuclear weapons or weapons‐usable materials, countering efforts to acquire such weapons or materials, andBudget in Brief

8

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

responding to nuclear or radiological incidents. The Budget supports design, long lead procurements, and site
preparation for the Surplus Plutonium Disposition project, increases funding for nuclear forensics, and continues
support of non-Highly Enriched Uranium-based Molybdenum-99 production facilities in the U.S.
•

$1.7B for Naval Reactors to continue funding for delivery of the reactor core for the Columbia-class submarine andrefueling of the S8G prototype reactor. The Request also supports recapitalizing the capability to handle naval spent
nuclear fuel and continued work to ensure the fleet remains the most advanced, well‐maintained, and capable nuclear
fleet in the world.

Cybersecurity
Cyberattacks pose an increasing threat to the Nation’s energy infrastructure. Recognizing the seriousness of the threat against
critical infrastructure, the Budget supports increased funding for cyber and energy security initiatives. DOE will improve energy
infrastructure security by addressing the emerging threats of tomorrow while protecting the reliable flow of energy to
Americans today. The Budget includes $158.8M in program office budgets to support improved energy-sector cybersecurity,
in addition to $375M for the information technology and cybersecurity of NNSA.
Other Defense Activities
The FY 2021 Budget Request provides $1.1B to support defense activities conducted by the Department including $317M
for LM. These include Environment, Health, Safety and Security, Enterprise Assessments, Specialized Security Activities,
Hearings and Appeals, and Defense Related Administrative Support (DRAS). Funding from DRAS is used to offset
administrative expenses for work supporting defense-oriented activities.

ADMINISTRATION AND OVERSIGHT
The FY 2021 Budget Request includes $215M for Administration and Oversight activities, including Departmental
Administration (DA), International Affairs, the Office of the Inspector General, and offsets.
Highlights include:

ADMINISTRATION AND OVERSIGHT
FY 2021•$123.5M for DA to fund management and mission support$K
organizations that have enterprise-wide responsibility for
Administration and Oversight215
administration, accounting, budgeting, contract andSavings and Receipts-722
project management, human resources, congressional andintergovernmental liaison, energy policy, information
management, life-cycle asset management, legal services, workforce diversity and equal employment opportunity,
ombudsman services, small business advocacy, sustainability, and public affairs. In January 2020, the Secretary ofEnergy announced that the Office of Policy will be restructured to the Office of Strategic Planning and Policy(OSPP). OSPP will become a direct report to the Office of the Secretary for a more efficient and effective approachto the analysis, formulation, development, and advancement of all policy across the Department.

•$33M for International Affairs (IA) to coordinate the Department’s international work and promote global market
opportunities for U.S. energy companies and technology exports.

•$58M for Office of the Inspector General to review the integrity, economy, and efficiency of DOE programs andoperations, including NNSA and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.

•-$722M in savings and receipts including from the sale of the NEHHOR (-$75M), sale of oil from SPR and gasoline fromthe NGSR (-$589M), and savings from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission fees and recoveries in excess of annual
appropriations (-$9).

CONCLUSION
The Department of Energy FY 2021 President’s Budget Request provides for America’s future by promoting energy independence,progressing scientific research, and protecting the Nation. The Budget demonstrates fiscal discipline and commitment to an
efficient and effective Federal government. To that end, DOE will focus spending in areas with the highest return on investment of

Budget in Brief

9

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

tax payer dollars. Achieving goals established in the Request requires an exceptional workforce. The Department will invest
in the workforce by attracting, training, and retaining the Nation’s best talent. The President’s Budget supports the critical role
the Department of Energy has in energy independence and dominance, economic growth, and the safety and security of the
Nation. The Department appreciates the support of Congress and looks forward to continuing to work together.

Budget in Brief

10

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Appropriation Summary
FY 2021(Dollars in Thousands)

Department of Energy Budget by Appropriation
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Electricity
Cybersecurity, Energy Security and Emergency Response
Nuclear Energy*
Uranium Reserve
Interim Storage and Nuclear Waste Fund Oversight
Fossil Energy Research and Development
Strategic Petroleum Reserve
Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserve
Strategic Petroleum Reserve Petroleum AccountNortheast Home Heating Oil Reserve
Total, Fossil Energy Petroleum Reserve Accounts
Total, Fossil Energy Programs
Uranium Enrichment Decontamination and Decommissioning (D&D) Fund
Energy Information Administration
Non‐Defense Environmental Cleanup
Science
Artificial Intelligence Technology Office
Advanced Research Projects Agency ‐ Energy
Departmental Administration
Indian Energy Policy and Programs
Inspector General
International Affairs
Title 17 Innovative Technology Loan Guarantee Program
Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program
Tribal Energy Loan Guarantee Program
Total, Credit Programs
Total, Energy ProgramsFederal Salaries and Expenses
Weapons Activities
Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation
Naval Reactors*
Total, National Nuclear Security Administration
Defense Environmental Cleanup
Nuclear Energy
Other Defense Programs
Total, Environmental and Other Defense Activities
Total, Atomic Energy Defense Activities
Southwestern Power Administration
Western Area Power Administration
Falcon and Amistad Operating and Maintenance Fund
Colorado River Basins Power Marketing Fund
Total, Power Marketing Administrations
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
Total, Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies
Excess Fees and Recoveries, FERC
Title XVII Loan Guarantee Program Section 1703 Negative Credit Subsidy Receipt
Sale of Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve
Sale of Oil from Strategic Petroleum Reserve**
Total, Funding by Appropriation
DOE Budget Function
NNSA Defense (050) Total
Non‐NNSA Defense (050) Total
Defense (050)
Science (250)Energy (270)
Non‐Defense (Non‐050)

FY 2021 Request vs. FY 2020 Enacted

FY 2019

FY 2020

FY 2021

EnactedEnactedRequest2,379,000
156,000
120,000
1,180,00000740,000
235,000
10,00010,00010,000265,000
1,005,000
841,129
125,000
310,000
6,585,000
0366,000
165,858
18,00051,330012,3115,000
1,000
18,311
13,320,628
410,000
11,100,000
1,930,000
1,788,618
15,228,618
6,024,000
146,090860,292
7,030,382
22,259,000
10,40089,372228
0100,000
035,656,628‐16,000‐107,0000035,533,628

2,777,277
190,000
156,000
1,340,00000750,000
195,000
14,00010,00010,000229,000
979,000
881,000
126,800
319,200
7,000,000
0425,000
161,000
22,00054,215029,0005,000
2,000
36,00014,467,492
434,699
12,457,097
2,164,400
1,648,396
16,704,592
6,255,000
153,408
906,000
7,314,408
24,019,000
10,40089,196
228‐42,800
57,024‐16,000
38,527,516
0‐15,0000038,512,516

719,563
195,045
184,621
1,042,131
150,000
27,500730,601
187,081
13,00600
200,087
930,688806,244
128,710275,820
5,837,806
4,912‐310,744
136,094
8,005
57,73932,959‐160,659
0‐8,500‐169,159
10,057,934
454,000
15,602,000
2,031,000
1,684,000
19,771,000
4,983,608
137,800
1,054,727
6,176,135
25,947,135
10,40089,372
228‐21,400
78,600036,083,669‐9,000‐49,000‐75,000‐589,000
35,361,669‐2,057,714
5,045
28,621‐297,869
150,000
27,500‐19,399‐7,919‐994‐10,000‐10,000‐28,913‐48,312‐74,756
1,910‐43,380‐1,162,194
4,912‐735,744‐24,906‐13,995
3,524
32,959‐189,659‐5,000‐10,500‐205,159‐4,409,558
19,301
3,144,903‐133,400
35,604
3,066,408‐1,271,392‐15,608
148,727‐1,138,273
1,928,135
0176
021,40021,576
16,000‐2,443,847‐9,000‐34,000‐75,000‐589,000‐3,150,847‐74.09%2.66%
18.35%‐22.23%0.00%
0.00%‐2.59%‐4.06%‐7.10%‐100.00%‐100.00%‐12.63%‐4.93%‐8.49%
1.51%‐13.59%‐16.60%0.00%‐173.12%‐15.47%‐63.61%6.50%
0.00%‐654.00%‐100.00%‐525.00%‐569.89%‐30.48%
4.44%
25.25%‐6.16%
2.16%
18.36%‐20.33%‐10.17%16.42%‐15.56%
8.03%
0.00%
0.20%
0.00%
‐50.00%37.84%‐100.00%‐6.34%
0.00%
226.67%0.00%
0.00%‐8.18%

35,533,628 38,512,516 35,361,669
15,228,618 16,704,592 19,771,000
7,030,382
7,314,408
6,176,135
22,259,000 24,019,000 25,947,135
6,585,000
7,000,000
5,837,806
6,689,628
7,493,516
3,576,728
13,274,628 14,493,516
9,414,534‐3,150,847
3,066,408‐1,138,273
1,928,135‐1,162,194‐3,916,788‐5,078,982‐8.18%
18.36%‐15.56%
8.03%‐16.60%‐52.27%‐35.04%$%* Funding does not reflect statutory transfer of funds from Naval Reactors to Nuclear Energy for maintenance and operation of the Advanced Test Reactor($85.5M in FY19; $88.5M in FY20).
**Includes a $50M sale from the Northeast Gasoline Supply Reserve.

Budget in Brief

12

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justification

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Funding by Organization
FY 2021(Dollars in Thousands)

FY 2019
EnactedFY 2020
EnactedFY 2021
RequestFY 2021 Request vs. FY 2020 Enacted$%

Department of Energy Budget by Organization
Under Secretary for Nuclear Security and National Nuclear Security Administration
National Nuclear Security Administration
Weapons Activities
11,100,000 12,457,097 15,602,000
Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation
1,930,000 2,164,400 2,031,000
Naval Reactors*
1,788,618 1,648,396 1,684,000
Federal Salaries and Expenses
410,000
434,699
454,000
Total, Under Secretary for Nuclear Security and National Nuclear Security
15,228,618 16,704,592 19,771,000

3,144,903‐133,400
35,604
19,301
3,066,408

25.25%‐6.16%
2.16%
4.44%
18.36%

Under Secretary of Energy
Energy Programs
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Office of Electricity
Power Marketing Administrations
Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response
Petroleum Reserves
Fossil Energy Research and Development
Nuclear Energy*
Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs
Office of Policy
Project Management Oversight and Assessment
Environment, Health, Safety, and Security

2,379,000
156,000
100,000
120,000
265,000
740,000
1,326,090
18,0002,510
15,005
202,8392,777,277
190,000
57,024
156,000
229,000
750,000
1,493,408
22,0007,000
12,596
207,839

719,563
195,045
78,600184,621200,087
730,601
1,357,431
8,005
7,631
15,577
209,688‐2,057,714
5,045
21,576
28,621‐28,913‐19,399‐135,977‐13,995
631
2,981
1,849

‐74.09%2.66%
37.84%
18.35%‐12.63%‐2.59%‐9.10%‐63.61%
9.01%
23.67%
0.89%

Credit Programs
Title 17 Innovative Technology Loan Guarantee Program
Tribal Energy Loan Guarantee Program
Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program

12,311
1,000
5,000

29,0002,000
5,000‐160,659‐8,5000‐189,659‐10,500‐5,000‐654.00%‐525.00%‐100.00%

Other Energy Programs
Advanced Research Projects Agency ‐ Energy
Energy Information Administration

366,000
125,000

425,000
126,800‐310,744
128,710‐735,744
1,910‐173.12%
1.51%

6,585,000
7,175,129
158,877
8,505

7,000,000
7,455,200
162,029
14,0805,837,806
6,065,672
316,993
12,639‐1,162,194‐1,389,528
154,964‐1,441‐16.60%95.64%‐10.23%

Departmental Administration (Direct Reports)
Chief Information Officer
Management
Chief Human Capital Officer
Economic Impact and Diversity
Office Of The Secretary
Chief Financial Officer
Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs
Public Affairs
General Counsel
International Affairs
Artificial Intelligence Technology Office
Office of Small & Disadvantaged Business Utilization
Strategic Partnership Projects and Revenues

131,624
55,385
26,125
10,1695,395
48,912
4,200
6,594
33,07522,8780
3,170‐56,000

140,200
54,35824,316
10,1695,119
52,0004,395
4,000
32,57526,8252,500
3,337‐53,378

134,778
57,25826,191
9,931
5,582
53,591
5,616
5,954
35,1110
0
3,402‐53,378‐5,422
2,900
1,875
‐263
463
1,591
1,221
1,954
2,536
‐26,825‐2,50065
0‐3.87%
5.34%
7.71%‐2.34%
9.04%
3.06%
27.78%
48.85%
7.79%‐100.00%‐100.00%
1.95%
0.00%

Other Defense Activities (Direct Reports)
Office of Enterprise Assessments
Specialized Security Activities
Hearings and Appeals

76,770266,378
3,739

78,779273,409
4,852

81,584258,411
4,262

2,805
‐14,998‐590

3.56%‐5.49%‐12.16%

Other Departmental Offices
Artificial Intelligence Technology OfficeInternational Affairs
Inspector General
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
Sale of Northeast Gas Reserves
Sale of Oil from Strategic Petroleum Reserve
Title XVII Loan Guar. Prog Section 1703 Negative Credit Subsidy Receipt

0051,330‐16,00000‐107,0000054,215‐16,00000‐15,000

4,912
32,95957,739‐9,000‐75,000‐589,000‐49,000

4,912
32,9593,524
7,000‐75,000‐589,000‐34,000

0.00%
0.00%
6.50%
43.80%
0.00%
0.00%
226.67%35,533,628 38,512,516 35,361,669‐3,150,847‐8.18%

Under Secretary for Science
Science
Environmental Management
Legacy Management Programs
Office of Technology Transitions

Total, Funding by Organization* Funding does not reflect statutory transfer of funds from Naval Reactors to Nuclear Energy for maintenance and operation of the Advanced Test Reactor($85.5M in FY19; $88.5M in FY20).

Budget in Brief

13

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justification

Program andFunctional
OfficeDetails

ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY($K)

Sustainable Transportation
Vehicle Technologies
Bioenergy Technologies
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies
Renewable Power
Solar Energy Technologies
Wind Energy Technologies
Water Power Technologies
Geothermal Technologies
Energy Efficiency
Advanced Manufacturing
Federal Energy Management Program
Building Technologies
Weatherization and Intergovernmental Programs
Weatherization Assistance Program
Training and Technical AssistanceState Energy Program
Total, Weatherization and Intergovernmental
Programs
Corporate Support Programs
Facilities and Infrastructure (NREL)
Program Direction
Strategic Programs
Subtotal, EERE
P.L. 116-94: Unobligated Balance Rescission
P.L. 116-94 Section 308: Energy Program
Rescission
Total, EEREFY 2021 Request vsFY 2020 Enacted$%

FY 2019
EnactedFY 2020
EnactedFY 2021
Request344,000
226,000
120,000

396,000
259,500
150,000

74,40044,50042,000-321,600-215,000-108,000-81.2%-82.9%-72.0%

246,500
92,000105,000
84,000280,000
104,000
148,000
110,000

67,00022,10045,00026,000-213,000-81,900-103,000-84,000-76.1%-78.8%-69.6%-76.4%

320,000
30,000226,000

395,000
40,000285,000

94,6008,400
61,000-300,400-31,600-224,000-76.1%-79.0%-78.6%

254,000
3,000
55,000305,000
3,500
62,500000-305,000-3,500-62,500-100.0%-100.0%-100.0%312,000

371,000

0-371,000-100.0%97,000
162,500
14,0002,379,0000

130,000
165,000
14,5002,848,000-58,000

107,000
122,5635,000
719,5630-23,000-42,437-9,5002,128,437
58,000-17.7%-25.7%-65.5%-74.7%+100.0%02,379,000-12,723
2,777,277

0719,563

12,723
2,057,714+100.0%-74.1%

Appropriation Overview
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) invests in research and development (R&D) as part of the Department ofEnergy’s (DOE’s) broad portfolio approach in addressing the Nation’s energy and environmental challenges. The Budget
focuses DOE resources toward early-stage R&D, where the Federal role is strongest, and reflects an increased reliance on
the private sector to fund later-stage research, development, commercialization, and deployment of energy technologies.
The Request emphasizes energy technologies best positioned to support American energy independence and domestic jobgrowth in the near to mid-term, while maintaining proper stewardship of taxpayer dollars. The Budget provides $720
million to maintain America’s leadership in transformative science and emerging energy technologies in sustainabletransportation, renewable power, and energy efficiency.
EERE programs will focus on research activities that industry does not have the technical bandwidth to undertake or are too
far from market realization to merit sufficient industry focus and critical investments. Knowledge generated by EERE earlystage R&D supports U.S. industries, businesses, and entrepreneurs as they develop and deploy innovative energy
technologies, and increases the competitive edge needed to excel in the rapidly changing global energy economy. Industry
deployment of these technologies creates jobs, reduces U.S. reliance on foreign resources, increases energy affordability,
improves energy security, supports environmental stewardship, and offers Americans a broader range of energy choices.
The shift away from later-stage development and deployment activities and the increased focus on early-stage R&D
provides opportunities to make progress with a more efficient organizational structure.

Budget in Brief

17

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

The Budget for EERE includes funding for crosscut areas:• Grid Modernization Initiative ($114,500,000) ― Develops new architectural concepts, tools, and technologies that will
better measure, analyze, predict, protect, and control the grid of the future. Areas include beyond LCOE (Levelized
Cost of Energy), electricity affordability, generation and hybrid systems, resilience modeling, cyber-physical security,
advanced sensing, energy storage and system flexibility.
• Energy Storage Grand Challenge (ESGC) ($97,000,000) ― DOE is taking a holistic approach to accelerate thedevelopment, commercialization, and utilization of next-generation energy storage technologies. The Department
integrated the existing disparate storage efforts from the Office of Science, Grid Modernization Initiative (GMI),
Advanced Energy Storage Initiative (AESI) and others into the Energy Storage Grand Challenge (ESGC), an integrated,comprehensive DOE-wide strategy. The ESGC will deploy the Department's extensive resources and expertise to address
technology development, commercialization, manufacturing, valuation, and workforce challenges. The vision for the
ESGC is to create and sustain global leadership in energy storage utilization and exports, with a secure domestic
manufacturing supply chain that is independent of foreign sources of critical materials, by 2030.
• Critical Minerals Initiative ($52,600,000) ― In support of Executive Order (EO) 13817, the Request elevates the existing
critical minerals activities across DOE to an intradepartmental initiative. Specifically, the Request transitions the current
Critical Materials Institute to a broader National Laboratory-led consortium modeled after the Grid Modernization
Laboratory Consortium. This new consortium is tasked with developing and implementing a multi-year program plan,
including aggressive, yet achievable goals, encompassing all efforts across the Applied Energy Offices and the Office of
Science to diversify supply of, develop substitutes for, and drive recycling, reuse, and more efficient use of criticalminerals. Specifically, EERE will increase activity at all levels of the supply chain, including exploration, mining,
concentration, separation, alloying, recycling, and reprocessing critical minerals called for in EO 13817.
• Plastics Innovation Challenge ($20,500,000) ― Plastics are used in thousands of products essential to modern life, andplastic waste is also a growing global challenge. Last year, DOE announced a comprehensive program to accelerateinnovations in energy-efficient plastics recycling technologies. EERE will explore novel technologies and approaches toeconomically deconstruct existing plastics, increase opportunities for upcycling, and develop infinitely recyclable
polymers. The purpose of the Plastics Innovation Challenge is to reduce the energy costs associated with the current
lifecycle of plastics; develop new polymers that are recyclable-by-design; and develop biological and chemical methods
to deconstruct plastic waste, including from rivers and oceans, into useful chemical feedstock streams. This includes
emphasis on designing and manufacturing new technologies for both recyclability and reliability across ourtechnologies entering the marketplace.
• Water Security Grand Challenge ($20,000,000) ― a White House-initiated, DOE-led challenge to advancetransformational technology and innovation to meet the global need for safe, secure, and affordable water. EERE will
focus on desalination technologies, resource recovery from municipal wastewater, and small modular energy-water
systems (in coordination with DOE’s Offices of Fossil Energy and Nuclear Energy).
• Energy Sector Cybersecurity ($13,600,000) ― EERE supports early stage R&D, provides technical assistance, anddevelops best practices to identify and mitigate cyber risks to energy systems. Work supported by EERE complements
the DOE Multiyear Plan for Energy Sector Cybersecurity.
• Harsh Environment Materials Initiative ($6,500,000): A coordinated effort to exploit synergies in materials andcomponent manufacturing R&D for advanced thermoelectric power plants.
Program Highlights
Sustainable Transportation
Vehicle Technologies ― FY 2021 funding supports early-stage research to generate knowledge upon which industry candevelop and deploy a broad range of affordable, efficient, and clean transportation choices to move people and goods
across America. The Battery and Electrification Technologies subprogram will explore new battery materials; improve highpower, fast-charging methods; develop innovative chemistries beyond lithium ion technology; and advanced cell
technologies, with a focus on reducing or eliminating the need for critical materials such as cobalt. The Energy Efficient
Mobility Systems (EEMS) subprogram will create breakthrough modeling and simulations to understand how new mobility
technologies can improve mobility energy productivity, and apply new artificial intelligence capabilities developed by the
National Laboratories to increase transportation system efficiency for passengers and freight. In Advanced Engine and Fuel
Technologies, research will advance and improve our understanding and ability to increase combustion efficiency by 30 to
35 percent by 2030. Materials Technology research will focus on novel approaches to building lightweight, multi-material
structures and creating new materials that can withstand extreme temperatures and pressures. The Technology Integration
subprogram will continue support for statutory requirements related to public information about alternative fuels andvehicle fuel economy. The program’s analysis effort will use advanced vehicle and transportation data to conduct technoeconomic and interdisciplinary analyses critical to informing program targets and research planning.

Budget in Brief

18

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

Bioenergy Technologies ― FY 2021 funding supports R&D of transformative, sustainable, bioenergy technologies that can
support a growing bioeconomy. The program’s early-stage R&D emphasizes advanced technologies to produce renewablegasoline, -diesel, -jet, and -marine fuels, as well as, co-produced bioproducts from biomass and waste streams in order toprovide affordable, domestically sourced and produced fuels across the full range of transportation modes. The Request
prioritizes consortium-based research that brings together unique capabilities from across the DOE National Laboratories
and focuses on key challenges and opportunities for bioenergy technologies. Funding will support joint research with theAdvanced Manufacturing Office under the Plastics Innovation Challenge to develop new plastic recycling technologies andbio-derived plastics that are recyclable by design in order to decrease the energy intensity and reduce environmental costs
associated with the current lifecycle of plastics. In collaboration with the Vehicles Technologies Office, Bioenergy will
explore the co-optimization of fuels and engines to evaluate the most promising biofuel candidates to enable fuel economy,
emissions reduction, and efficiency targets for advanced compression ignition engines.
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies ― FY 2021 funding will continue to focus on the H2@Scale concept which will enableaffordable and reliable hydrogen generation, transport, storage, and utilization across sectors and expand fuel cellapplications beyond light duty vehicles. Investments in hydrogen fuel R&D technologies will help avoid curtailing variable
renewables like solar and wind; optimize baseload operation of nuclear, coal, and natural gas plants; and will support
innovations in the industrial sector like steel manufacturing, manufacturing for low cost hydrogen production, and thedevelopment of carriers for economical storage and transport of hydrogen, including export potential. Investments in fuelcell technologies will increase the emphasis on heavy-duty vehicles and new applications (e.g. trucks, marine, rail, aviation,
data centers). In addition, the Budget funds materials and component R&D for affordable hydrogen infrastructure,electrolyzer R&D, and carbon fiber R&D. FY 2021 funding will focus on reducing the cost and improving the performanceand durability of fuel cells, as well as developing affordable and efficient technologies supporting hydrogen production,delivery, and storage for new uses.
Renewable Power
Solar Energy ― FY 2021 funding supports the DOE in improving the affordability, reliability, and performance of solar
technologies on the grid. Reflecting the recent and projected future growth in Photo Voltaic deployment, the program is
placing a continued emphasis on addressing the challenges and opportunities related to integrating high penetrations ofsolar onto the electric grid, including the integration of solar energy with energy storage and other technologies for solar
energy to be available on demand. The program will also continue its efforts to build the knowledge base upon which
industry can achieve further reductions in the cost of solar electricity, promoting greater energy affordability. Taken
together, these objectives will invigorate American technological leadership in solar energy, diversify the Nation’s electricity
supply, enhance grid resilience and reliability, and catalyze domestic economic growth including job creation.
Wind Energy ― FY 2021 funding supports fundamental, early-stage R&D to improve the performance and reliability of nextgeneration wind plants by applying high-performance computing to investigate systems-level interactions influenced byatmospheric conditions, variable terrain, and machine-to-machine wake interactions for offshore, land-based anddistributed wind applications. Continuing R&D will focus on controls, sensors, algorithms, materials, and manufacturing tolower wind energy costs and improve operational performance. Fundamental R&D will target U.S.-specific offshore windtechnology barriers, including advanced substructure technology, reduction of installation cost and risks, technology to
reduce on-site operations and maintenance (O&M) costs, and design standards development for the extreme marine
conditions unique to U.S. waters. Funding will continue to advance R&D and manufacturing improvements that directlyreduce distributed wind Levelized Cost of Energy and maximize the value and resiliency of microgrids using wind energy.
Funding will address wind and radar challenges, develop technical solutions to reduce environmental compliance costs, andsupport development of a robust domestic wind energy workforce.
Water Power ― FY 2021 funding supports R&D and strengthen the body of scientific and engineering knowledge thatenables industry to develop new technologies that increase U.S. hydropower and marine and hydrokinetic energy
generation. The program supports the Energy Storage Grand Challenge and continues its focus on hydropower andPumped-Storage Hydropower’s (PSH) roles in grid reliability and resiliency. The program continues National Laboratory andindustry R&D efforts to develop standard, modular, hydropower components, and site designs for new opportunities atexisting non-powered dams. The program also supports an ongoing effort in hydropower plant upgrades and modernization
to help provide the tools, technology, and analysis necessary to maintain and enhance the existing hydropower fleet. It also
continues its work to develop turbine design and evaluation tools that improve fish passage and turbine efficiency in order

Budget in Brief

19

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

to reduce the time, cost, and uncertainty in hydropower licensing. In marine and hydrokinetics (MHK), the program willcompetitively select industry-led projects to test and validate performance of at least one wave device at PacWave, theNation’s first accredited grid-connected MHK test facility in a high-energy site. The program continues assistance to private
industry to test early stage subscale marine energy systems, in collaboration with U.S. universities and the National
Laboratories and through its partnerships with the Navy.
Geothermal Technologies ― FY 2021 funding supports early-stage R&D of Geothermal Technologies. Within Enhanced
Geothermal Systems (EGS), the program will continue implementation of the Frontier Observatory for Research in
Geothermal Energy (FORGE) in Milford, Utah in FY 2021 with prior year funds. Requested funding will support two new
subsurface enhancement and sustainability efforts. The first will target advanced completions and wellbore engineering tofacilitate successful isolation of targeted zones for stimulation, and the other will focus on methods or tools for assessing
and tracking fundamental hydraulic properties of EGS reservoirs, including the amount of time it takes fluid to pass througha reservoir. The Hydrothermal subprogram will focus on drilling technologies; building on the work awarded under the 2018
EDGE Funding Opportunity. The request also provides funding to validate technologies developed under the Energy Storage
Grand Challenge. Following on prior year work, the program will initiate an effort to attract innovative technologies thatcan effectively separate critical materials from geothermal brines.
Energy Efficiency
Advanced Manufacturing ― FY 2021 funding supports early-stage R&D focused on advancing and creating newunderstanding of underlying technologies, materials, and processes relevant to the productive use of energy inmanufacturing, as well as the competitive manufacturing of energy related products. The Budget includes funding todevelop technologies to enable domestic supply of critical materials related to energy applications, substitutes for criticalmaterials and technologies for reuse and recycling of critical materials. Funding is also requested for the Energy Storage
Grand Challenge to develop innovative manufacturing processes for energy storage systems; the Harsh Environment
Materials Initiative, a cross-cutting activity with the Offices of Fossil Energy and Nuclear Energy to exploit synergies inmaterials and component manufacturing research for thermoelectric power plants; and joint research with the Bioenergy
Technologies Office under the Plastics Innovation Challenge to develop new plastic recycling technologies and the next
generation of bio-derived polymers that are recyclable by design.
Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) ― FY 2021 funding will strengthen agencies’ ability and agility to manage
their critical missions and to provide strategic energy management assistance for agencies to become resilient, efficient andsecure in support of Administration priorities for American energy dominance. FEMP will strive to increase government
accountability and development of a future-focused workforce. FEMP supplies agencies with the information, tools, andtechnical assistance needed to meet and track energy-related requirements and goals through strategic programming andintegration planning, facility and fleet optimization, energy and water resilience and security, energy and project
procurement development services, and federal leadership.
Building Technologies ― FY 2021 funding supports early-stage R&D of innovative building energy technologies such as
lighting, space conditioning, refrigeration, windows, and envelope and their effective integration into smart, efficient,resilient, grid-interactive, affordable, and secure building systems. In support of the Energy Storage Grand Challenge,
particular focus will be placed on building system interaction with the grid in terms of controllable loads and thermal energy
storage technologies. A key goal of the Buildings program is to overcome the high degree of fragmentation across theheterogeneous buildings industry, spanning construction to appliance and equipment manufacturing, to enhance energy
efficiency. Building Technologies’ research also focuses on developing the physics-based algorithms for improved energy
modeling and system controls required to better predict and manage energy efficient appliance/equipment, system, andwhole-building energy usage. Additionally, Building Technologies’ early-stage R&D on cyber-secure advanced sensors andcontrols will help strengthen the body of knowledge to enable industry to develop and deploy “smart” buildings capable ofinteracting with the power grid securely, in new and increasingly adaptive manners, to help with overall electric systemefficiency, resilience, and energy affordability. Through the Better Buildings Initiative, the Building program will foster theaccelerated adoption of energy efficient technologies and practices by attracting and establishing close, trusted
relationships with key market leaders and encourage private sector investment into energy efficient technologies.
Weatherization and Intergovernmental Programs ― The Budget provides no funding in FY 2021 for the Weatherization
Assistance Program or the State Energy Program due to a departmental shift in focus away from deployment activities andtowards early-stage R&D. Activities in FY 2021 will encompass completing work activities associated with existing financial

Budget in Brief20

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

and technical assistance awards and initiatives with states and local governments and stakeholder organizations, closing out
awards and agreements as they come to the end of their periods of performance, and providing resources and institutional
knowledge to state and local entities as practicable.

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FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

ELECTRICITY($K)

Electricity
Transmission Reliability and Resilience
Resilient Distribution Systems
Energy Storage
Transformer Resilience and Advanced Components
DCEI Energy Mission Assurance
Transmission Permitting and Technical Assistance
Program Direction
Total, Electricity

FY 2019
EnactedFY 2020
EnactedFY 2021
RequestFY 2021 Request vsFY 2020 Enacted$%

39,00040,00046,000
7,000
0
7,000
17,000156,000

57,00045,00056,000
7,000
0
7,000
18,000190,000

55,95018,30083,500
9,000
1,650
7,000
19,645
195,045-1,050-26,700+27,500+2,000+1,6500+1,645+5,045-1.8%-59.3%+49.1%+28.6%
N/A
0.0%
+9.1%
+2.7%

Appropriation Overview
The Office of Electricity (OE) leads the Department’s efforts to strengthen, transform, and improve energy infrastructure sothat consumers have access to secure and resilient sources of electricity. OE provides solutions to market, institutional, andoperational failures that go beyond any one utility’s ability to solve. a To accomplish this critical mission, OE works withprivate industry and Federal, State, Tribal, territorial, and regional governments on a variety of initiatives to modernize theelectric grid.
Grid modernization is critical to achieving public policy objectives, sustaining economic growth, supporting environmental
stewardship, and mitigating risks to secure the electrification for the Nation. The goal for the future grid is to deliver
reliable, affordable, and resilient electricity.
Within the next decade, proactive, coordinated, and innovative steps are needed to address four critical challenges:•

Increasing threats and risks to the security of energy infrastructure.

•

Changes in demand driven by population growth, adoption of more energy efficient technologies, dynamic economic
conditions, and broader electrification.

•

Changes in the supply mix and location (centralized, distributed, and off-shore) of the Nation’s generation portfolio.

•

Increasing variability and uncertainty from both supply and demand, including integration of variable renewables, more
active consumer participation, and accommodating new technologies and techniques.

Due to the critical role the electric grid plays across Federal, State, Tribal, territorial, and regional jurisdictions, OE programs
work in an integrated manner in partnership with industry and other stakeholders, as well as other DOE offices, to enhance
the resilience, security, reliability, flexibility, affordability, and efficiency of the U.S. electric transmission and distribution
systems.
Timely action is needed to perform the research and development that facilitates industry in deploying a reliable electric
power grid that supports the vitality of other critical sectors that depend on electricity, such as telecommunications,banking and finance, water, and public health and safety. A reliable and resilient power grid is critical for U.S. economic
competitiveness and leadership.
The investment proposed continues to support OE’s mission of security and resilience through four key priorities:a

Examples include wide-area visibility, identified from the 2003 Northeast blackout, and faster modeling and analysis,
identified in the 2011 Southwest blackout.

Budget in Brief

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FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

•North American Energy Resiliency Model: Working with the national labs and relevant stakeholders, develop an
integrated North American Energy Resiliency Model (NAERM) to conduct planning and contingency analysis to address
vulnerabilities in the North American energy system.

•

Megawatt Scale Grid Storage: pursue megawatt-scale storage capable of supporting voltage and frequency regulation,
ramping, and energy management for bulk and distribution power systems—OE’s Energy Storage program request
supports grid-related Energy Storage Grand Challenge (ESGC) objectives and other OE R&D efforts are also
complementary to ESGC goals.

•

Revolutionize Sensing Technology Utilization: pursue integration of high-fidelity, low-cost sensing technology forpredictive and correlation modeling for electricity and interdependencies with oil and natural gas (ONG) systems.

•

Transmission: pursue electricity-related policy issues by carrying out statutory and executive requirements, while also
providing policy design and analysis expertise to Federal, State, Tribal, territorial, and regional entities.

Program Highlights•

Transmission Reliability and Resilience is focused on ensuring the reliability and resilience of the U.S. electric gridthrough early-stage and foundational R&D on measurement and control of the electricity system and risk assessment toaddress challenges across integrated energy systems. A critical aspect of the request is the full development of a
dynamic integrated NAERM to allow the United States to conduct planning and contingency analyses that address
vulnerabilities in the North American energy system. Building on lessons learned from the FY 2018 Puerto Rico work ofcreating a near-real-time model and efforts seeded in FY 2019, the Request supports assessment of cross-infrastructureinterdependencies and contingencies in the North American energy system. NAERM will provide unique and groundbreaking national-scale energy planning and real-time situational awareness capabilities for rigorous and quantitative
assessment, prediction, and improvement to ensure reliable and resilient energy delivery across multiple sectors whileconsidering a range of large-scale, emerging threats. a A Sensors and Data Analytics activity is also continued to develop
and integrate high-fidelity, fast-acting sensing technologies, and advanced data analytics, to revolutionize their use inelectric transmission systems for improved diagnosis, prediction, and determination of action during normal andextreme-event conditions.

•

Resilient Distribution Systems focuses on the development of innovative technologies, tools, and techniques tomodernize the distribution portion of the electric delivery system. The reduction is primarily due to transitioning corecapabilities of the DOE-developed Advanced Distribution Management System (ADMS) platform to industry for further
development in response to industry needs and because the Coordinated Management of Microgrids and Networked
Distributed Energy Resources (COMMANDER) National Testbed Laboratory was fully funded in FY 2020.

•

Energy Storage is designed to develop new and advanced technologies that will ensure the stability, reliability, andresilience of electricity infrastructure. The request supports the development of advanced power electronicarchitectures and topologies to address stranded energy, improve battery failure diagnostics, and integrated highly
accurate state-of-charge and state-of-health monitoring of energy storage systems. OE’s Energy Storage program is partof the ESGC crosscut, and was also part of the Department’s Advanced Energy Storage Initiative, which is included
within the ESGC. The increase supports design and construction for an OE Grid Storage Launchpad (GSL) project aimed
at accelerating materials development, testing, and independent evaluation of battery materials and battery systems
for grid applications. The increase is offset by reductions for two Congressionally directed projects that were fully
funded in FY 2020.

•

Transformer Resilience and Advanced Components supports modernization, hardening, response, and restoration ofelectric infrastructure by addressing the unique challenges facing transformers and other critical grid components
responsible for carrying and controlling electricity from where it is generated to where it is needed. TRAC will continueaResilient systems (versus reliable) anticipate, withstand, and recover critical loss-of-supply resulting from low-probability,
high-impact threats. Threats include, for example, natural disasters, coordinated cyber-physical attacks, and electromagnetic
pulses due to nuclear detonation

Budget in Brief

23

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

to address critical research needs for solid-state power substations (SSPS) with an emphasis on advanced materials,
embedded sensors, and capabilities to evaluate prototype converter building blocks.
•

Defense Critical Energy Infrastructure (DCEI) Energy Mission Assurance will identify, evaluate, prioritize, and assist in
developing executable strategies to strengthen the energy infrastructure systems that supply critical infrastructureneeded for government continuity following severe natural and manmade disasters and events. This is a proposed newactivity in FY 2021 and will be coordinated with owners and users of DCEI.

•

Transmission Permitting and Technical Assistance promotes a resilient and reliable electricity system by addressing key
institutional issues through a collaborative process with Federal, State, local, territorial, Tribal, regional, community, andindustry decision makers. TPTA works with experts around the country to advance methods and approaches addressing
emerging challenges including incorporating resilience into planning processes, developing effective grid modernization
strategies, evaluating myriad resource options, improving the coordination of planning and operations across the bulk
power and distribution systems, and applying regulatory and business models that provide the appropriate incentives
for building a resilient and efficient energy system.

Budget in Brief

24

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

POWER MARKETING ADMINISTRATIONS($K)
FY 2019
EnactedFY 2020
EnactedFY 2021
RequestFY 2021 Request vsFY 2020 Enacted$%

Power Marketing Administrations
Southeastern Power Administration
Southeastern Power Administration
Less Alternative Financing/Offsetting Collections
Total, Southeastern Power Administration

75,324-75,324
077,301-77,301096,647-96,647
0+19,346-19,3460+25.0%-25.0%
N/A

Southwestern Power Administration
Southwestern Power Administration
Less Alternative Financing/Offsetting Collections
Total, Southwestern Power Administration

126,876-116,476
10,400131,863-121,463
10,400157,194-146,794
10,400+25,331-25,3310+19.2%-20.9%
N/A

834,567

883,923

878,633-5,290-0.6%-745,195-789,551-774,261-15,290

-1.9%

0
0

-176
-5,0000-15,000+176-10,000+100.0%-200.0%89,372

89,19689,372

+176

4,440

5,647

7,302

+1,655+29.3%-1,712-2,500228-4,119-1,300228-7,0740
228-2,955+1,3000-71.7%+100.0%0.0%

220,337

220,244245,047+24,803+11.3%-220,337
0-263,044-42,800-266,447-21,400-3,403+21,400-1.3%+50.0%

89,600100,000

46,62457,024

68,20078,600+21,576+21,576+46.3%+37.8%

Western Area Power Administration
Western Area Power Administration (CROM)
Western Area Power Administration (CROM)
Less Alternative Financing/Offsetting
Collections (CROM)
Rescission of Prior Year Balances
Use of Prior Year Balances
Total, Western Area Power Administration(CROM)
Falcon and Amistad O&M Fund
Operation and MaintenanceLess Alternative Financing/Offsetting
Collections
Use of Prior Year Balances
Total, Falcon and Amistad O&M Fund
Colorado River Basins Power Marketing Fund
Spending Authority from Offsetting
Collections
Offsetting Collections
Total, Colorado River Basins Power Marketing
Fund
Total, Western Area Power Administration
Total, Power Marketing Administrations+0.2%

Appropriations Overview
The four Power Marketing Administrations (PMAs) sell electricity primarily generated by federally owned hydropower
projects. Preference in the sale of power is given to public entities and electric cooperatives. Revenues from the sale ofFederal power and transmission services are used to repay all related power costs.
The President’s Budget Request includes a proposal to authorize the Federal government to sell the transmission assets ofSouthwestern Power Administration, Western Area Power Administration, and Bonneville Power Administration. The budget
also includes a legislative proposal for all four of the PMAs to change statutory rate structure requirements from cost recovery to a

Budget in Brief

25

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

market based structure that takes into consideration rates charged by comparable utilities and which could facilitate fasterrecoupment of taxpayer investment.
Program Highlights• Southeastern Power Administration
Southeastern markets and delivers all available Federal hydroelectric power from 22 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers(Corps) multipurpose projects to preference customers in an eleven-state area in the southeastern United States.
Southeastern does not own or operate any transmission facilities, and contracts with regional utilities that own electrictransmission systems to deliver the Federal hydropower to Southeastern’s customers. Southeastern’s use of receipts
and alternative financing offsets its appropriations resulting in a net-zero balance for the program. The FY 2021 budget
request also seeks authority for Southeastern to purchase or construct a new headquarters facility.
•

Southwestern Power Administration
Southwestern markets and delivers Federal hydroelectric power from 24 Corps multipurpose projects to preference
customers in a six-state area and participates with other water resource users in an effort to balance diverse interests
with power needs. To deliver power to its customers, Southwestern maintains 1,380 miles of high-voltage transmission
lines, 26 substations/switchyards, and 51 microwave and VHF radio sites. To maintain the infrastructure andmodernize systems to increase the reliability, efficiency, and use of Federal assets, Southwestern utilizes
appropriations, Federal power receipts, and alternative financing. Of these, 93.0% is derived from use of receipts andalternative financing, resulting in a net appropriation of only 7.0%.

•

Western Area Power Administration
Western Area Power Administration (WAPA) markets and transmits Federal power to a 1.3-million-square-mile service
area in 15 central and western states from 57 Federally-owned hydroelectric power plants operated by the Bureau of
Reclamation (the Bureau), the Army Corps of Engineers (the Corps), and the International Boundary and Water
Commission. WAPA’s construction program, conducted in close coordination with preference customers, continues toemphasize replacement, upgrade, and modernization of the electric system infrastructure to bring continued reliability,
improved connectivity, and increased flexibility and capability to the power grid. Through extensive partnering efforts,
WAPA has obtained significant stakeholder and customer participation in financing much of the construction program.
Through transparency WAPA demonstrates the value of its efficient operations that preference customers enjoy.
WAPA will continue to make significant efforts to be open, transparent and inclusive of customers and stakeholders in
its operational choices and capital planning efforts. WAPA is strengthening its Asset and Risk Management to further
ensure capital investments are sufficient and wisely deployed for our Nation and for our customers.
The President’s budget request includes a proposal to repeal the borrowing authority managed by WAPA's
Transmission Infrastructure Program (TIP). Separate from the CROM construction program, TIP offers development
assistance and debt financing options to deliver or facilitate the delivery of renewable energy resources.

•

Bonneville Power Administration
Bonneville operates under a business-type budget under the Government Corporation Control Act, 31 U.S.C 9101-10
and on the basis of the self-financing authority provided by the Federal Columbia River Transmission System Act of1974 (Transmission Act) (Public Law 93-454).
Bonneville is responsible for meeting the net firm power requirements of requesting customers through a variety ofmeans, including energy conservation programs, acquisition of renewable and other resources, and power exchanges
with utilities both in and outside the region.
Bonneville provides electric power, transmission, and energy services to a 300,000-square-mile service area in eightstates in the Pacific Northwest. Bonneville wholesales the power produced at 31 Federal projects operated by theCorps and the Bureau and from certain non-Federal generating facilities. From these revenues, Bonneville funds theexpense portion of its budget and the power operations and maintenance costs of the Bureau and the Corps in theFederal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS). The capital portion of the budget is funded primarily throughborrowing from the U.S. Treasury at market rates for similar projects and with some non-Federal financing.
Bonneville is self-financed and receives no direct annual appropriations from Congress. In FY 2021, estimated totalrequirements of all Bonneville programs of $4,246 million include estimated budget obligations of $3,844 andBudget in Brief

26

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

estimated capital transfers of $402 million. Estimated obligations include operating expenses of $2,978 million, capital
investments of $800 million, and $66 million in projects funded in advance. These investments provide electric utility
and general plant requirements associated with the FCRPS’s transmission services, capital equipment, hydroelectric
projects, conservation, and capital investments to mitigate impacts on the environment, fish, and wildlife.
The budget includes a re-proposal to authorize the Federal government to sell/divest the transmission assets ofBonneville Power Administration, which operates and maintains over 15,000 circuit-miles of high voltage transmission
lines and 261 substations. The budget also includes a proposal to change the statutory requirement that the rates the
PMAs charge be based on recovering costs to a rate structure that takes into consideration rates charged bycomparable utilities and which could allow for faster recoupment of tax payer investment.

Budget in Brief

27

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

CYBERSECURITY, ENERGY SECURITY, AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE($K)

Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency
Response
Cybersecurity for Energy Delivery Systems
Infrastructure Security and Energy Restoration
Program Direction
Total, Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency
Response

FY 2019
EnactedFY 2020
EnactedFY 2021
RequestFY 2021 Request vsFY 2020 Enacted$%

89,50019,00011,50095,00048,00013,000103,100
70,00011,521+8,100+22,000-1,479+8.5%+45.8%-11.4%

120,000

156,000

184,621+28,621+18.3%

Appropriation Overview
Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response (CESER) leads the Department’s efforts to secure U.S. energy
infrastructure against all hazards, reduce the risks of and impacts from cyber events and other disruptive events, and assist
with restoration activities. CESER is the Office responsible for DOE’s responsibilities as lead agency for Emergency Support
Function #12 (Energy), or ESF #12, under the National Response Framework, and is the Energy Sector-Specific Agency fornational efforts to enhance the preparedness, resiliency, and recovery of the U.S. energy infrastructure from all threats andhazards.
Due to the critical role the energy sector plays across Federal, State, and local jurisdictions, CESER programs work in an
integrated manner in partnership with industry and other stakeholders, as well as other DOE offices and other federal
agencies, to enhance the resilience (the ability to withstand and quickly recover from disruptions and maintain critical
function) and security (the ability to reduce risks in the protection system assets and critical functions from unauthorizedaccess and actions) of the U.S. energy infrastructure. Reliable, resilient, and secure energy infrastructure is critical to U.S.
economic competiveness, innovation, and leadership. Within the appropriation, CESER funds:•••

Research and Development (R&D) to deliver game-changing tools and technologies that assist utilities secure andreduce risks to today’s energy infrastructure from advanced cyber threats and design next-generation systems that are
built from inception to automatically detect, reject, and withstand cyber incidents, regardless of the threat.
Public and private-sector partnerships to strengthen the energy sector’s cybersecurity posture, using DOE-supported
tools, guidelines, outreach, training, and technical assistance.
Emergency preparedness and response, supporting the energy sector, to pursue enhancements to national efforts, incooperation with public and private-sector entities, for preparedness, resilience, and recovery of U.S. energy
infrastructure from all threats and hazards.

Program Highlights• Cybersecurity for Energy Delivery Systems (CEDS) seeks to accelerate and expand efforts to strengthen the energy
infrastructure against cyber threats and mitigate vulnerabilities. Working closely with the energy sector and ourgovernment partners, the Request focuses on enhancing the speed and effectiveness of threat and vulnerability
information sharing, including bi-directional machine-to-machine information sharing, and accelerating game-changing
R&D to mitigate cyber incidents in today’s systems and to develop next-generation resilient energy delivery systems
while developing analyses to quantify the resulting relative risk reduction. For instance, research aims to accelerate
development of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for critical energy delivery infrastructure, such as machine learning
using data generated by the underlying physical process of energy delivery as well as data generated by the cybersystems that control that physical process, to provide for an automatic response to cyber-attack. Such AI techniques
may support energy delivery systems or components, such as generation plants, to automatically adapt operations andsurvive a cyber-attack that would otherwise disrupt energy delivery. The Request supports the acceleration of researchand development initiatives, in particular for the Cybersecurity for the Operational Technology Environment (CyOTE™)
program, building upon the initial pilot activities to test and analyze the scalability of the technology and vendor neutral
approach. This type of approach includes the secure cloud storage and access controls for DOE access control
capabilities which are designed to limit access to data based on individual energy sector company’s data-sharing. The

Budget in Brief

28

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

CEDS request includes support to the application of state-of-the-art capabilities including the continued development
and operation of the Cyber Analytics Tools and Techniques 2.0 (CATT™2.0) program, which is designed to provide theenergy sector with situational awareness and actionable information to support discovery and mitigation of advancecyber threats to the U.S. energy infrastructure, enriched with classified threat information and unique analyticaltradecraft owned by the U.S. Government. The capabilities will include the ability to pre-process data to filter
redundant data, anonymize/de-anonymize, and tag data from different sources into a standardized format for CATT™
analytics. The request also supports the establishment of a national physical energy system and component testing
capability designed specifically to look at the vulnerabilities of the energy sector from threats such as electromagnetic
pulses (EMP) and geomagnetic disturbances (GMD).
•

Infrastructure Security and Energy Restoration coordinates a national effort to secure U.S. energy infrastructure
against all hazards, reduce impacts from disruptive events, and assist industry with restoration activities. ISER delivers
critical capabilities including energy sector emergency response and recovery (including emergency response of a cybernature); near-real-time situational awareness and information sharing about the status of the energy systems to
improve risk management; analysis of evolving threats and hazards to energy infrastructure; and technical assistancethat incorporates exercises in order to strengthen Federal, regional, State, local, tribal, and territorial (SLTT) abilities towork together to prepare for and mitigate the effects of an energy sector emergency. By working with the SLTT energy
community to plan and develop mitigations, the Nation’s energy systems will become more secure and resilient.

Budget in Brief

29

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

FOSSIL ENERGY PETROLEUM ACCOUNTS($K)

Fossil Energy Petroleum Accounts
Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves
Production Operations
Management
Total, Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves
Strategic Petroleum Reserve
Facilities Development and Operations
Management for SPR Operations
Northeast Gasoline Supply Reserve
Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve 1
Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve
Total, Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve
SPR Petroleum Account 2
SPR Petroleum AccountTotal, SPR Petroleum AccountTotal, Fossil Energy Petroleum Accounts
Energy Security & Infrastructure
Modernization Fund
Offsets
Sale of Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve
Use of Receipts for Northeast Home Heating Oil
Reserve
Net Sale of Northeast Home Heating Oil
Reserve
Sale of Oil from Strategic Petroleum Reserve 3
Use of Receipts for Elk Hills Remediation
Net of Sale from SPR

FY 2019
EnactedFY 2020
Enacted

8,000
2,000
10,00012,0002,000
14,000180,026
25,97429,000FY 2021 Request vsFY 2020 Enacted

FY 2021
Request$%11,0002,006
13,006-1,000
+6
-994

-8.3%
0.3%
-7.1%

168,235
26,7650

159,174
27,9070-9,061+1,142
0

-5.4%
+4.3%
0

10,00010,00010,00010,0000
0-10,000-10,000

-100%
-100%

10,00010,000265,000
300,000

10,00010,000229,000
150,00000
200,087000-28,913-150,00000-12.6%-100.0%000
0-94,000
19,000-94,000
19,000

N/A
N/A

0

0

-75,000-75,000

N/A

0
0
0

0
0
0

-831,000
242,000-589,000-831,000
242,000-589,000

N/A
N/A
N/A

Appropriation Overview
Fossil Energy Petroleum Accounts consist of three energy security programs, one SPR modernization program, and postsale remediation activities at Naval Petroleum Reserves Nos. 1 and 3. The Strategic Petroleum Reserve storage sites arelocated at four government-owned Gulf Coast locations with oversight from the Project Management office in Harahan,Louisiana, along with Headquarters personnel in Washington, D.C. Both the Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve (NEHHOR)
and the Northeast Gasoline Supply Reserve (NGSR) consist of Government-owned refined petroleum products stored inleased commercial storage in terminals in the Northeast, all of which are re-proposed for sale and closure given the lack ofuse for mission-based purposes and represent a low value for taxpayers. Legacy environmental clean-up and remediation
continues at the previously-sold Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 1 (Elk Hills, California) and landfill remediation and closure
continues as part of post-sale activities at Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 3 (Casper, Wyoming). This proposal will allow us tocomplete activities in the mid-2020’s.
1

In FY 2021, The Department is requesting authority to disestablish the Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve and sell the one-million barrels ofgovernment-owned ultra-low sulfur distillate.
2
The FY 2020 Congressional Budget Justification did not include a request for direct appropriations; instead, the Department requested authorization todeposit up to $27 million in proceeds from the sale of the Northeast Gasoline Supply Reserve’s (NGSR) one-million barrels of refined petroleum product(gasoline blendstock). Similarly, the FY 2021 budget request re-proposes selling the NGSR’s entire product reserve and requests authorization to deposit into
the SPR Petroleum Account up to $19 million in proceeds from the proposed sale.
3
Total includes Northeast Gasoline Supply Reserve.

Budget in Brief30

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justification

Program Highlights• Strategic Petroleum Reserve
The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) provides strategic and economic security against foreign and domestic
disruptions in oil supplies via an emergency stockpile of crude oil. The program fulfills United States' obligations underthe International Energy Program, which avails the United States of International Energy Agency assistance through its
coordinated energy emergency response plans, and provides a deterrent against energy supply disruptions. Program
will perform cavern wellbore testing and remediation activities to ensure the availability of the SPR’s crude oilinventory.
Northeast Gasoline Supply Reserve: The Budget re-preposes to disestablish the NGSR in this FY 2021 request. The
NGSR has not been used since its establishment, and is not considered to be cost efficient or operationallyeffective. A portion of the proceeds from sale will finance logistical costs associated with current law SPR crude oil
sales with the remainder dedicated to deficit reduction.

•

SPR Petroleum Account
The SPR Petroleum Account funds SPR petroleum acquisition, transportation, and drawdown activities. The
Department is requesting authorization to deposit into the SPR Petroleum Account up to $19 million in proceeds fromthe proposed sale of one-million barrels of refined petroleum product (gasoline blendstock) from the NGSR. Proceeds
will be used as a source of funding for drawdown costs related to Congressionally-directed, multi-year sales of crude oilfrom the SPR.

•

Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves
Following the 1998 sale of the government's interests in NPR-1 (Elk Hills, CA), environmental cleanup/remediation
activities under the Corrective Action Consent Agreement with the State of California Department of Toxic Substances
Control (DTSC) began. Of the 131 AOCs for which DOE is responsible for environmental cleanup, as of January 2020, 98
AOCs have received NFA certification from California’s DTSC, and 4 AOCs are under DTSC review for NFA certification.
The remaining 29 AOCs require remediation. This FY 2021 budget request includes funding that supports remediationof 3 sub-AOCs.
In addition to the $13 million appropriation request, the Department is proposing a sale of 15 million barrels of SPR
crude oil to raise funding for other Departmental priorities, including $242 million needed to fund the completion ofcomprehensive remediation work at the NPR-1 site.

•

Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve
The Budget re-proposes to disestablish the Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve (NEHHOR) in this FY 2021 request. The
NEHHOR has never been used for its intended purpose to supplement heating oil supplies following a disruption since
it was established, and the reserve is not a good use of taxpayer funds.

•

Energy Security and Infrastructure Modernization Fund (ESIM)The Energy Security and Infrastructure Modernization Fund was established in Section 404 of the Bipartisan Budget Act
of 2015 to finance modernization of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR). Sales of SPR crude oil will support Life
Extension Phase II investments needed to ensure the SPR can maintain its operational readiness capability, meet its
mission requirements, and operate in an environmentally responsible manner. The FY 2020 budget increment
concluded the four-year (2017 - 2020) financing structure of multi-year crude oil sales that support an effective
modernization program for the SPR. No budget request is made for FY 2021.

Budget in Brief

31

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justification

FOSSIL ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (FER&D)

Fossil Energy Research and Development
Advanced Coal Energy Systems and CCUS
Advanced Energy Systems
Cross-cutting Research
Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage
Supercritical Transformational Electric Power (STEP)
Transformational Coal Pilots
NETL Coal Research and Development
Subtotal, Advanced Coal Energy Systems and CCUS
Natural Gas Technologies
Unconventional Fossil Energy Technologies from
Program Direction
Special Recruitment Programs
NETL Infrastructure
NETL Research and Operations
Total, Fossil Energy Research & Development

FY 2019
EnactedFY 2020
Enacted($K)
FY 2021
Request157,683
46,350198,767
22,43025,00036,000486,230
51,00046,00061,070700
45,00050,000740,000

150,000
49,000217,800
16,00020,00038,000490,800
51,00046,00061,500700
50,00050,000750,000

321,900
65,250123,000
00
36,000546,150
15,00017,00062,451
900
43,10046,000730,601

FY 2021 Request vsFY 2020 Enacted$%+171,900+16,250-94,800-16,000-20,000-2,000+55,350-36,000-29,000+951+200-6,900-4,000-19,399+114.6%+33.2%-43.5%-100.0%-100.0%-5.3%+11.3%-70.6%-63.0%+1.5%+28.6%-13.8%-8.0%-2.6%

Appropriation Overview
The Fossil Energy Research and Development (FER&D) program conducts research that supports the clean, affordable and efficientuse of domestic fossil energy resources. The program funds early-stage R&D with academia, National Laboratories, and the private
sector to generate knowledge that industry can use to develop new products and processes. Funding is also provided to support
competitive awards with industry, National Laboratories and academia focused on innovative early-stage R&D to improve thereliability, availability, efficiency, and environmental performance of advanced fossil-based power systems.
Program activities, including National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) R&D, support early-stage R&D focused on:
 Novel fossil-fueled power systems and components that improve the reliability and efficiency of new and existing units;
 Advanced materials and computational systems;
 Utilization of coal and CO2 for the production of critical materials and products;
 Transformational CO2 capture technologies applicable to both new and existing fossil-fueled facilities; and,
 CO2 storage, with emphasis on storage in depleted oil and gas fields; offshore geologic reservoirs; and addressing injection
challenges across all reservoir types.
The program will also conduct early-stage research to generate new understanding of shale geology and fracture dynamics toenable industry to further develop unconventional oil and natural gas resources. In addition, FER&D will conduct work focused on
characterizing gas hydrates and will explore new concepts for novel technologies that could improve the reliability and operational
efficiency of natural gas transmission, distribution, and storage facilities.
The proposed restructure of the Advanced Energy Systems (AES) and Carbon, Capture, Utilization & Storage (CCUS)
accounts within FER&D is designed to create better alignment between program budget structure and DOE-FE's
programmatic and research priorities to efficiently support early-stage, transformational R&D that has the potential tomodernize our fossil generation infrastructure, provide economic benefits to consumers, and provide resiliency to the grid.
With better alignment, DOE is able to more effectively manage programs, projects, and day-to-day R&D activities, andclearly link the funding and related authorized work to measurable program outcomes. A funding crosswalk in the “Budget
Structure Crosswalks” chapter of this narrative provides details of the proposed changes.

Budget in Brief

32

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

Program Highlights
Advanced Coal Energy Systems & CCUS
The Advanced Energy Systems and CCUS Budget Request is focused on solving the nation’s most pressing fossil energy
challenges by:Advancing the Coal FIRST (Flexible, Innovative, Resilient, Small, Transformative) initiative: R&D on technologies for coalplants of the future that are highly efficient and flexible, with zero or near-zero emissions;Improving the performance, reliability, and efficiency of the existing coal-fired fleet;
Reducing the cost and risk of carbon capture for commercial deployment; and,Creating new market opportunities for coal.

The Office of Fossil Energy has launched an effort—the Coal FIRST (Flexible, Innovative, Resilient, Small, and Transformative)
initiative—to support R&D insights and integrated designs of the coal plant of the future needed to provide secure, stable, andreliable power. The Coal FIRST initiative will make future coal-fired power plants more adaptive to the modern electrical grid andeliminate emissions. The initiative is focused on early stage R&D that benefits multiple technologies for use with different coal types
and regions throughout the United States across a broader coal and power industry, including publically available reports on the
results of the R&D. Through innovative technologies and advanced approaches to design and manufacturing, the initiative will lookbeyond today’s utility-scale power plant concepts (e.g. base-load units) in ways that facilitate electrical grid integration both
domestically and internationally. Modular Coal FIRST technologies could increase U.S. energy exports, create domestic jobs, andsupport our partners abroad—reducing energy poverty in African and Asian nations, while providing affordable electricity andopportunities for economic prosperity to people worldwide.
DOE envisions the future coal fleet may be based on electricity generating units possessing traits, such as: Zero or near-zero emissions including carbon dioxide or even negative emissions when combined with biomass cofiring; High overall plant efficiency (40%+ HHV or higher at full load, with minimal reductions in efficiency over the required
generation range); Small, high-quality, low-cost units that minimize field construction time; Ramp rates and minimum loads compatible with 2050 estimates of renewable energy integration;
 Integration with thermal or other energy storage (e.g., chemical production) to mitigate inefficiencies and equipment
damage; Minimized water consumption;
 Accelerated design, construction, and commissioning schedules;
 Enhanced maintenance features, including technology advances with monitoring and diagnostics to reduce downtime; Integration with coal upgrading, or other plant value streams (e.g., co-production); and,
 Capable of natural gas co-firing.
•

Advanced Energy Systems
The mission of the Advanced Energy Systems (AES) subprogram is to increase the availability, efficiency, and reliability of fossil
energy power systems while maintaining environmental standards. Early-stage R&D will focus on developing and testing
power plant components; novel combustion processes; advanced coal processing; and advanced materials for components,
turbines, and fuel cells that will improve the competitiveness of new and existing coal-fired power plants. Development ofadvanced coal power plants of the future will restore U.S. technical leadership in this area while maintaining the required
technical advancements to service the existing fleet for grid stability.
Specific efforts will focus on seven R&D activities:
 Advanced Combustion/Gasification Systems;
 Advanced Turbine; Solid Oxide Fuel Cells; Advanced Sensors and Controls and Other Novel Concepts;
 Advanced Coal Processing; Advanced Energy Materials; and,
 Power Generation Efficiency.

Budget in Brief

33

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

R&D advances in these areas will support performance improvements for the existing coal fleet, which in turn can also apply tothe future fleet. Two key goals of the AES subprogram are to improve the average modeled efficiency (heat rate) of a typicalplant in the existing fleet by 5% (i.e., to 32.5% from the 2017 baseline of 31%) by the end of FY 2022, and of an advanced or
new coal plant by 5+% by the end of FY 2023 (i.e., to 40+% from the 2017 baseline of 38% of the most recently constructed
plants). The primary focus on coal-based power systems, improvements to these technologies are also accretive to other fossil
energy systems.
•

Crosscutting Research
The Crosscutting Research subprogram advances and accelerates promising fossil energy technology by supporting innovative
early-stage R&D that improves the reliability, availability, efficiency, and environmental performance of advanced fossil-based
power systems. The program also aims to obtain new knowledge regarding plant performance and operation that can beincorporated into a new generation of plant control technologies. Crosscutting Research is focused on six activities:
 Critical Minerals (CM); Water Management R&D;
 Modeling, Simulation and Analysis;
 Advanced Energy Storage Initiative (AESI); University Training and Research (UTR), which comprises funding for University Coal Research (UCR), Historically Black
Colleges and Universities (HBCU) and other Minority-Serving Institutions (MSI); and,
 International Activities.

•

Carbon Capture, Utilization & Storage
The CCUS subprogram is focused on early-stage R&D that reduces the cost of capturing CO2 from fossil, industrial sources, andfrom the atmosphere, systems that result in negative CO2 emissions; advances approaches to safely and securely store CO2
underground long-term; and advances novel approaches to using CO2, such as developing useable products and fuels.
Specifically, carbon capture R&D is focused on the development of transformational CO2 separation technologies—
membranes, sorbents, solvents, and cryogenic—for both pre- and post-combustion coal-fired power plants systems that willcapture CO2 at approximately $30 per ton. The program will also use its previous and existing CCUS R&D efforts for otherapplications such as natural gas power, industrial sources, and negative emissions technologies such as direct air capture.
Many of the technologies developed for pre- and post-combustion carbon capture can be applied to these sectors. Carbon
utilization R&D is focused on using captured CO2 and/or carbon-containing substances, or directly using CO2 from flue gas orother gas streams, and conversion into valuable products. Carbon storage R&D supports the development and testing ofadvanced sensing and data telemetry capabilities, fault/fracture network characterization, stress state, fluid/pressure
migration, and wellbore integrity that advanced real-time, decision-making capabilities. A goal of the CCUS subprogram is tosupport a new coal-fired plant with CO2 capture at a cost of electricity at least 30% lower than a supercritical pulverized coal(PC) with CO2 capture, or approximately $30 per ton of CO2 captured by 2030. For existing plant retrofits, the subprogram’s
goal is to reduce the cost of capture by 30% (actual cost of capture varies for each unit).

•

NETL Coal Research and Development
The NETL Coal R&D program funds all NETL in-house research efforts. In addition to supporting research capabilities in
the areas of computational engineering, material engineering and manufacturing, and geological systems, this program
funds collaboration activities with universities, other National Laboratories, state and local governments, and industry.
NETL will use funding to explore collaborative models for partnerships with other laboratories, industry, and academia
in accordance with laws, regulations, and policies. This program also encompasses strategic energy analysis andresearch data management activities.

Oil and Natural Gas•

Natural Gas Technologies
The Natural Gas Technologies program addresses critical and emergent issues pertaining to the safe and environmentally
sustainable supply of domestic natural gas. Specifically, the program’s mission is to promote the Nation’s energy independence
through early-stage research and development that supports the prudent development, distribution, and storage of natural
gas resources. The program is comprised of two subprograms: Natural Gas Infrastructure Research and Gas Hydrates. Given
the importance of natural gas in the energy system, it is critical for the safety and reliability of related infrastructure to protectenergy reliability, public health, and the environment. To that end, the Natural Gas Infrastructure Research subprogram

Budget in Brief

34

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

conducts early-stage R&D on technologies that industry could advance to improve the reliability and operational efficiency ofnatural gas transmission, distribution, and storage facilities. In addition, while shale gas has been discovered in sufficientquantities to now support U.S. liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports, the most plentiful supplies of natural gas throughout theworld may in fact be the methane molecules trapped in ice-like structures called hydrates. The Gas Hydrates subprogramsupports unique early-stage research to evaluate the occurrence, nature, and behavior of the potentially enormous naturallyoccurring gas hydrate resources within the U.S. and territorial waters, with particular focus on the Arctic and Gulf of Mexico
regions.
•

Unconventional Fossil Energy Technologies from Petroleum – Oil Technologies
The mission of the Unconventional Fossil Energy Technologies from Petroleum – Oil Technologies program is to advance open
information and technologies that will better assure sustainable and responsible development of domestic unconventional
fossil energy resources, including tight and shale oil and natural gas. The prudent development of these natural resources isessential to ensuring the Nation’s continued energy resilience and security. The Unconventional Fossil Energy Technologies
Program is aligned with Administration priorities of enhancing domestic energy production and U.S. energy security.

National Energy Technology Laboratory•

NETL Research and Operations
The NETL Research and Operations program funds NETL’s science and technology development and commercialization
functions, including technical program management and strategic scientific planning and partnerships. Specifically,funding supports the NETL staff of engineers, and technical project managers who conduct extramural research
activities for FER&D programs, including salaries and benefits, travel, and other employee costs. This request also
supports the variable operating costs of NETL’s research sites.

•

NETL Infrastructure
The NETL Infrastructure program supports the fixed costs of NETL’s facility and major equipment footprint in threegeographic locations -- Morgantown, WV; Pittsburgh, PA; and Albany, OR. The program is comprised of the following
subprograms:
 High Performance Computer Laboratory and Site-wide Facilities Safeguards and Security; and,
 Environmental Restoration.
As of November 2018, Joule, NETL’s high performance computer, is the 52nd fastest in the world and the 23rd fastest in
the United States.

•

Program Direction
Program Direction provides the funding for all headquarters personnel and operational expenses for FER&D. Also included is
the Import/Export Authorization program, which will continue regulatory reviews and oversight of the transmission of natural
gas across the U.S. borders. Program Direction at NETL continues to include functions that are necessary for the performanceof NETL activities, such as legal, finance, and procurement. Each of these elements also fund the DOE-wide Human Resources
Shared Services Center and the FE program office contributes to the DOE Working Capital Fund.

Budget in Brief

35

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

Nuclear Energy($K)

Nuclear Energy
Integrated University Program
STEP R&D
Reactor Concepts RD&D
Fuel Cycle Research and Development
Nuclear Energy Enabling Technologies
Radiological Facilities Management
Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program
Versatile Test Reactor Project
Infrastructure
Idaho Facilities Management
Idaho Sitewide Safeguards and Security
International Nuclear Energy Cooperation
Program Direction
Total, Nuclear Energy

FY 2019
Enacted 1,2

FY 2020
Enacted1,3

FY 2021
Request

5,000
5,000
323,500
263,915
152,585
29,00000
0318,000
146,090
3,000
80,0001,326,090

5,000
5,000
267,000
305,100
113,4500
230,000
0334,4500
153,4080
80,0001,493,408

00111,500
187,000
116,000
11,50020,000295,0000
226,000
137,800
075,131
1,179,931

FY 2021 Request vsFY 2020 Enacted$%-5,000-5,000-155,500-118,100
2,550
11,500-210,000
295,000-334,450
226,000-15,608
0-4,869-313,477-100.0%-100.0%-58.2%-38.7%
2.2%
100.0%-91.3%
100.0%-100.0%100.0%-10.2%
0.0%-6.1%-21.0%

Appropriation Overview
Nuclear Energy (NE) supports the diverse civilian nuclear energy programs of the U.S. Government, Federal efforts toresearch and develop nuclear energy technologies, including generation, safety, and security technologies, to assist in
unleashing an era of energy dominance through strategic support for innovation.
Program Highlights• Reactor Concepts Research, Development and Demonstration
Activities will include early-stage cost-shared research under Advanced Small Modular Reactor Research andDevelopment (R&D); support Light Water Reactor Sustainability through early-stage cost-shared efforts to extend thelife and improve the economic competitiveness of the existing commercial nuclear reactor fleet through research in theareas of materials aging and degradation, safety margin characterization, safety technologies, and instrumentation andcontrols; and early-stage research into other Advanced Reactor Technologies, such as fast reactor technologies andhigh temperature reactor technologies for the production of electricity and high temperature process heat to improvethe economic competitiveness and safety of nuclear energy as a resource capable of meeting the Nation's energy,
environmental and energy security goals.
•

1
2
3

Fuel Cycle Research and Development
Request includes enhanced emphasis on Used Nuclear Fuel Disposition R&D to expand and accelerate research anddevelopment on storage, transportation, and disposal technologies. It also supports progress towards developing one ormore light water reactor fuel concepts with significantly enhanced accident tolerance, the investigation of technologies for
producing high assay low enriched uranium (HALEU), and R&D supporting mining and conversion capabilities in the U.S.
including investigation of advanced uranium production water treatment technologies.

Funding does not reflect the transfer of SBIR/STTR to the Office of Science.
Funding does not reflect the mandatory transfer of $85.5M from Naval Reactors for operation of the Advanced Test Reactor.
Funding does not reflect the mandatory transfer of $88.5M from Naval Reactors for operation of the Advanced Test Reactor.

Budget in Brief

36

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

•

Nuclear Energy Enabling Technologies
Request supports early-stage R&D and strategic investments in research capabilities to develop innovative and crosscutting
nuclear energy technologies. This program funds high-priority early‐stage R&D on advanced manufacturing methods,
fabrication, and instrumentation technologies that includes strong investments in modeling and simulation tools, and provides
access to unique nuclear energy research capabilities through its Nuclear Science User Facilities. Collectively, Nuclear Energy
Enabling Technologies-sponsored activities support the goals, objectives, and activities of the Gateway for Accelerated
Innovation in Nuclear (GAIN) initiative to make these technology advancements accessible to U.S. industry through privatepublic partnerships. The Request also supports activities in the Transformational Challenge Reactor subprogram
designed to enhance the development of breakthrough technologies using additive manufacturing techniques.

•Radiological Facilities Management
The Budget supports the provision of fresh reactor fuel to, and removal of used fuel from, 25 operating university research
reactors to support their continued operation. This provides continued test reactor capability to universities, coupled withresearch, development, and educational opportunities in support of U.S. nuclear energy initiatives. Activities include
procurement of Training, Research, Isotopes, General Atomics (TRIGA) fuel elements. This effort supports U.S. universities tohave access to a life time supply of fuel for TRIGA research reactors.

•

Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program
The Budget provides funding for R&D in support of the newly-established Advanced Reactor Demonstration ProgramThis funding will continue the R&D portions of the program. In FY 2021, the program supports execution of the FY 2020
demonstration awards.

•

Versatile Test Reactor Project
Formal establishment of the Versatile Test Reactor (VTR) Project as a line item construction project. This effort will provide theU.S. with a fast neutron testing capability to support the development of advanced nuclear reactor technologies. The VTR
project will provide a leading-edge capability for accelerated testing of advanced nuclear fuels, materials, instrumentation, andsensors. Critical Decision (CD)-0, Approve Mission Need, for the Versatile Test Reactor (VTR) project was granted on February
22, 2019 and CD-1, Alternative Selection and Cost Range, is expected by the end of the third quarter of FY 2020 withcompletion of National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) documents and initiation of long lead procurements in the fourth
quarter of FY 2021.

•

Idaho Facilities Management and Idaho Sitewide Safeguards and Security
The Idaho Facilities Management program continues investments at the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) and Advanced Test
Reactor Critical Facility (ATRC) to improve reliability and availability of the ATR, and continue operations at the Transient
Reactor Test Facility (TREAT). The Idaho Sitewide Safeguards and Security program will increase the workforce and focus oncontinued implementation of infrastructure investments, capital improvements, emerging technology investments, andenhanced cybersecurity program capabilities to adequately secure site assets.

Budget in Brief

37

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

URANIUM RESERVE($K)

Uranium Reserve
Uranium Acquisition and Storage
Total, Uranium Reserve

FY 2019
EnactedFY 2020
EnactedFY 2021
Request0000

150,000
150,000

FY 2021 Request vsFY 2020 Enacted$%+150,000+150,000

N/A
N/A

Overview
The Uranium Reserve (UR) program provides assurance of availability of uranium in the event of a market disruption andsupports strategic U.S. fuel cycle capabilities. In addition, while no immediate national security need has been identified,
the reserve may also provide a source of U.S.-origin uranium. Establishing a reserve is an urgent step needed in response toan overreliance on imported uranium product that has undermined U.S. energy security and impacted U.S. fuel supply
capabilities. This action addresses near-term challenges to the production and conversion of domestic uranium, where therisks are most immediate, and is consistent with the priorities of the Administration’s Nuclear Fuel Working Group(NFWG). U.S. energy and national security depends upon a viable U.S. nuclear fuel cycle.
On July 12, 2019, the President issued a Memorandum, which states that “the United States uranium industry faces
significant challenges in producing uranium domestically and that this is an issue of national security.” The NFWG was
directed to “examine the current state of domestic nuclear fuel production to reinvigorate the entire nuclear fuel supply
chain, consistent with United States national security and nonproliferation goals." The NFWG will continue to evaluate
domestic uranium production issues and the challenges facing the front end of the fuel cycle and is preparing its findings
and recommendations for presentation to the President.
Highlights of the FY 2021 Budget Request
The FY 2021 Budget Request of $150 million establishes the UR for the U.S. to support domestic uranium production anduranium conversion services, provides assurances of uranium availability in the event of a market disruption, and supports
strategic U.S. fuel cycle capabilities.
In addition, the Office of Nuclear Energy will interact with policy entities, and collect information from industry to establish
an acquisition approach, and begin procurement of U.S. uranium for the reserve and conversion services for uranium. It is
expected that this effort will directly support the operation of at least two U.S. uranium mines and the reestablishment ofactive domestic conversion capabilities. The UR is not designed to replace or disrupt market mechanisms.

Budget in Brief

38

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

Interim Storage and Nuclear Waste Fund Oversight($K)
FY 2019
EnactedFY 2020
EnactedFY 2021
RequestFY 2021 Request vsFY 2020 Enacted
$
%

0

0

27,500+27,500

N/A

0027,500+27,500

N/A

Interim Storage and Nuclear Waste Fund OversightInterim Storage and Nuclear Waste Fund OversightTotal, Interim Storage and Nuclear Waste Fund
Oversight

Appropriation Overview
The mission of the Interim Storage and Nuclear Waste Fund Oversight program is to develop and implement a robustinterim storage program, support the Department’s fiduciary responsibilities for Yucca Mountain, and continue oversight of
the Nuclear Waste Fund (NWF). The actions of this program contribute to the safe and secure management of spent
nuclear fuel and high-level waste currently located at numerous sites across the United States and the Department remains
committed to fulfilling the Federal Government’s legal and moral obligations to properly manage and dispose of thatmaterial. The FY 2021 Budget Request proposes funding from the NWF in the amount of $27,500,000.
Program Highlights
The Interim Storage and Nuclear Waste Fund Oversight program’s FY 2021 Budget Request prioritizes the development andimplementation of an interim storage program for nuclear waste. Funding is primarily dedicated to performing activities
that would lay the groundwork necessary to ensure near –term deployment of interim storage to ensure safe and effective
consolidation and temporary storage of nuclear waste.
The Request also includes funding for continued oversight for the NWF fiduciary responsibilities for the Yucca Mountain site
to include the security, maintenance, and environmental requirements.
These funds are inclusive of program direction activities necessary to carry out the mission.

Budget in Brief

39

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

OFFICE OF INDIAN ENERGY POLICY AND PROGRAMS($K)
FY 2021 vs. FY 2020
FY 2019
EnactedIndian Energy Policy and Programs
Indian Energy Policy and Programs
Program Direction
Total

13,2004,800
18,000FY 2020
EnactedFY 2021
Request$17,0005,000
22,000

4,479
3,526
8,005

-12,521-1,474-13,995%-73.6%-29.5%-63.6%

Appropriation Overview
The Office of Indian Energy Policy and Program’s (IE) financial and technical assistance are beneficial in advancing
electrification and energy development and deployment on Indian lands, reducing energy costs, and assisting economic
development in tribal communities where unemployment and poverty rates far exceed national averages. This assistance isintended to overcome barriers to deploying energy generation projects (used for heat and electric power), as well as energy
efficiency projects that result in reduced or stabilized energy costs.
Technical Assistance overcomes barriers to project development and builds knowledge and skills necessary to implement
energy projects on tribal land. It is available in the following areas: energy efficiency, energy development, electrification,
resilience and cost reduction, and human capital building activities that support tribal self-determination, self-sufficiency, andenergy security.
The Financial Assistance program will support funding opportunities toward energy development and electrification in IndianCountry.
Program Highlights
The Office of Indian Energy Policy and Program’s financial and technical assistance are beneficial to promoting energy
development, efficiency, and use, reducing or stabilize energy costs, strengthening energy and economic infrastructure, andbringing electrical power and service to Indian land and homes, with the ancillary benefit of providing employment on Tribal
Lands. This assistance is intended to overcome barriers to energy development, increase energy reliability and resiliency,
and electrify lands and homes.
Technical assistance facilitates expeditious obligation of funds towards Alaska and Arctic energy initiatives. In their uniquerole, our partners can rapidly deploy federal solutions in the State of Alaska. The technical assistance initiative ensures more
appropriate and local support to energy technical assistance requests. Through local partner organizations Indian Energy candeliver Alaskan solutions with Alaskans very familiar with the nuances and challenges of the state. Previously, Indian Energy
relied on the National Renewable Energy Laboratory to provide services in-state. For highly specialized needs, the lab will
still be leveraged; all routine technical assistance will be delivered locally by experts who know Alaska best.
Alaska Native Energy STEM education targets K-12 students across the state of Alaska to introduce them to energy
education and possible careers. The program is administered with the help of our federal partner through a local non-profit
education organization that has existed for nearly fifty years. The initiative targets all of the state with a pilot community ineach of twelve regions over the course of three semesters.
The Financial Assistance program will support funding opportunities toward energy infrastructure deployment in IndianCountry in the form of competitive grant awards.
From 2010-2019, DOE's Office of Indian Energy has invested nearly $85 million in more than 180 tribal energy projects
implemented across the contiguous 48 states and in Alaska. These projects, valued at over $180 million, are leveraged by$100 million in recipient cost share.
In FY 2019, the Office of Indian Energy awarded 13 grants for energy infrastructure, building on the 14 grants selected in
FY 2018 and awarded in 2019. Combined these fuel and technology neutral energy projects valued at nearly $60 million,
represent a DOE investment of nearly $22.5 million, resulting in tangible results. Specifically, these projects represent over
19 MW in new generation in Indian Country, savings of over $9 million annual for these communities and nearly $260
million over the life of the projects.

Budget in Brief40

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY($K)
FY 2019
EnactedEnvironment, Health, Safety and Security
Mission Support
Environment, Health, Safety and Security
Mission Support
Program Direction
Total, Environment, Health, Safety and Security
Mission Support

FY 2020
EnactedFY 2021
RequestFY 2021 Request vsFY 2020 Enacted$%

133,839
69,000136,839
71,000134,320
75,368-2,519+4,368

-1.8%
+6.2%

202,839

207,839

209,688+1,849+0.9%

Appropriation Overview
Environment, Health, Safety and Security (EHSS) supports implementing DOE’s commitment to maintain a safe and secure
work environment for all Federal and contractor employees; ensure operations do not adversely affect the environment,
health and safety of surrounding communities; and protect national security and other entrusted assets. In particular,
support achieving DOE’s mission in a safe, secure, environmentally responsible manner by providing consistent policy,
technical assistance, and corporate leadership for environment, health, safety and security program areas.
In FY 2021, the Request proposes to:• Keep DOE’s EHSS policies efficient, effective and in compliance with national policies.
• Support cost effective implementation of EHSS requirements including continued support for implementation of DOE’s
Design Basis Threat Order.
• Identify and assess effective, safe and reliable physical security technologies to replace failing systems at nuclear
facilities and laboratories.
• Continue to improve DOE’s safety culture by expanding the safety culture community of interest to share best practices,performing safety culture assessments, and monitoring safety culture performance including analyzing and monitoring
results to improve safe accomplishment of work.
• Manage DOE’s classification program to protect national security interests and develop advanced computer tools todecrease the cost and increase the accuracy of derivative classifier work throughout the DOE/NNSA complex.
• Manage programs that support EHSS excellence and efficiency across the complex such as the Voluntary Protection
Program.
• Manage programs that promote improvements in EHSS knowledge and capabilities such as the Nuclear Safety Researchand Development Program and international health studies.
Program Highlights• Environment, Health and Safety
Funds are used to provide technical and analytical expertise to protect and enhance the safety of all DOE workers, thepublic, and the environment in support of Departmental missions and goals. EHSS maintains policies and guidance that
promote safe, environmentally sustaining work practices in the areas of occupational, facility, nuclear, and radiation
safety; environmental protection; and quality assurance. EHSS provides technical assistance to DOE program and site
offices and laboratories through activities such as nuclear facility safety bases reviews and corporate-wide services
such as accrediting commercial laboratories used by DOE sites for regulatory compliance and employee radiologicalmonitoring programs. EHSS supports Departmental and national preparedness and response efforts associated withradiation emergencies and accidents and domestic and international research on exposures of workers and the public
to nuclear, radiological, and other hazardous materials. EHSS provides health and environmental services to the peopleof the Marshall Islands; and medical screenings for former DOE and DOE-related vendor employees, and supports the
Department of Labor in implementation of the Energy Employee Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act.

Budget in Brief

41

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

•

Security
Provides technical security and analytical expertise to develop and assist in the implementation of safeguards andsecurity programs that protect national security assets entrusted to DOE; and to implement the U.S. Government
nuclear weapons-related technology classification and declassification program. EHSS maintains policies and guidance
related to physical protection, personnel and information security and nuclear materials accountability, in order to be
responsive to national security needs and evolving threats. EHSS provides technical assistance to DOE programs, site
offices and laboratories to implement cost effective security measures tailored to the mission. EHSS maintains
corporate security-related information management systems to determine the potential for an undue risk to individualsites, DOE, and national security. EHSS provides for the protection of DOE Headquarters facilities and accessauthorizations for DOE Headquarters personnel.

•

Program Direction
Provides Federal staffing, travel, support services and other resources required for execution of EHSS program activities
and provides technical support for liaison activities with the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board.

Budget in Brief

42

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

TITLE 17 - INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY LOAN GUARANTEE PROGRAM
FY 2019
EnactedAdministrative Expenses
Offsetting Collections 1
FY 2011 Loan Subsidy Cancellation 2
Total
ARRA Loan Subsidy Cancellation 3

FY 2020
EnactedFY 2021
RequestFY 2021 Request vsFY 2020 Enacted$%

33,000-20,689

32,000-3,0003,000-3,000-29,000
0-90.6%
000-160,659-160,659

N/A

12,3110

29,0000-160,659-488,855-189,659-488,855-654.0%N/A

Appropriation Overview
Title 17 - Innovative Technology (Title 17) Loan Guarantee Program, as authorized under Title XVII of the Energy Policy Act
of 2005 and executed by the Department of Energy's (DOE) Loan Programs Office (LPO), encourages early commercial useof new or significantly improved technologies in energy projects. Projects supported by Title 17 loan guarantees must avoid,
reduce, or sequester air pollutants or anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases; employ new or significantly improved
technologies compared to commercial technologies in service in the United States at the time the guarantee is issued; andoffer a reasonable prospect of repayment of the principal and interest on the guaranteed obligation.
The FY 2021 Budget eliminates the Title 17 Loan Guarantee Program and proposes to cancel the approximately $161 million
in remaining credit subsidy and all authority to guarantee loans appropriated in prior appropriations acts. In addition to $3
million in appropriation offset by $3 million in collections, the LPO will use approximately $26 million in unobligatedbalances carried forward from prior-year appropriations to cover loan portfolio monitoring and administrative expenses;
salaries for full time employees as well as the cost of outside advisors for financial, legal, engineering, credit, and market
analyses. In FY 2021, LPO will stop originating loans for the Title 17 Loan Guarantee Program, and will continue to monitor
the existing portfolio. No projects are assumed to reach conditional commitment and no conditionally committed loans are
expected to reach financial close prior to FY 2020.
Program Highlights
The FY 2021 Budget Request eliminates the Title 17 Loan Guarantee Program.
••

The FY 2021 Budget proposes to permanently cancel the approximate $161 million in remaining credit subsidy and all
authority to guarantee loans appropriated in prior appropriations acts, with the exception of projects that reachfinancial close prior to October 1, 2020.
In addition to $3 million in appropriation offset by $3 million in collections, the Loan Programs Office (LPO) will use
approximately $26 million in unobligated balances carried forward from prior-year appropriations to cover loan
portfolio monitoring and administrative expenses.

1

In FY 2019 $20,688,522.19 in fees were collected and credited as offsetting collections. Also, $2,108,157.89 in fees collected from prior years
were made available. The Congressional estimate for fees to be received in FY 2019 was $15 million.

2

The FY 2021 Budget proposes to cancel approximately $161M in unobligated credit subsidy balances appropriated by the Department of Defense andFull-Year Continuing Appropriations Act of 2011 (Pub. L. 112-10) for renewable energy or efficient end-use energy technologies under section 1703 of theEnergy Policy Act of 2005.

3

The FY2021 Budget proposes to cancel $489 million in remaining, emergency designated, unobligated credit subsidy balances appropriated by theAmerican Reinvestment and Recovery Act of 2009 (Pub. L. 111-5). There are no scoreable savings from this cancelation.

Budget in Brief

43

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY VEHICLES MANUFACTURING LOAN PROGRAM($K)

aAdministrative Expenses
Total
Loan Subsidy Cancellationa

FY 2019
EnactedFY 2020
EnactedFY 2021
Request

5,000
5,000
0

5,000
5,000
0

0
0
-4,333,500

FY 2021 Request vsFY 2020 Enacted$%-5,000-100%-5,000-100%- 4,333,500
N/A

The FY 2021 Budget proposes to rescind $4.3 billion in remaining unobligated, emergency designated, credit-subsidy balances appropriated by theConsolidated Security, Disaster Assistance, and Continuing Appropriations Act of 2009 (Pub. L. 110-329). There are no scoreable savings for thiscancellation.

Appropriation Overview
Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing (ATVM) Loan Program supports the manufacturing of advanced
technology vehicles and associated components in the United States. ATVM provides loans to automobile and automobile
part manufacturers for the cost of re-equipping, expanding, or establishing manufacturing facilities in the United States to
produce advanced technology vehicles or qualified components and for associated engineering integration costs.
The FY 2021 Budget eliminates the ATVM Loan Program and proposes to rescind $4.3 billion in remaining, emergencydesignated, appropriated credit subsidy. The FY 2021 Budget proposes using up to $5 million in unobligated, nonemergency designated balances carried forward from prior-year appropriations to cover loan portfolio monitoring andadministrative expenses: salaries for full-time employees as well as the cost of outside advisors for financial, legal,engineering, credit, and market analysis. In FY 2021, LPO will stop originating loans for the ATVM Loan Program, and willthough continue to monitor the existing portfolio.
Program Highlights
The FY 2021 Budget eliminates the ATVM Loan Program.
•••

The direct loan authority provided under section 129 of the Consolidated Security, Disaster Assistance, and Continuing
Appropriations Act, 2009 is permanently cancelled.
LPO will continue to manage existing asset portfolios.
The FY 2021 Budget proposes to use up to $5 million in unobligated balances carried forward from prior-year
appropriations for loan-portfolio monitoring and related administrative expenses.

Budget in Brief

44

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

TRIBAL ENERGY LOAN GUARANTEE PROGRAM($K)

Administrative Expenses
Loan Subsidy Cancellation 1
Total

FY 2019
EnactedFY 2020
EnactedFY 2021
Request

1,000
0
1,000

2,000
0
2,000

0
-8,500-8,500FY 2021 Request vsFY 2020 Enacted$%-2,000-100.0%-8,500N/A-10,500-525.0%Appropriation Overview
Tribal Energy Loan Guarantee Program (TELGP) Section 2602 of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, as amended by the
Energy Policy Act of 2005, authorized a loan guarantee program at the Department of Energy to support energy
development by Indian tribes.
The FY 2021 Budget Request eliminates TELGP and proposes to cancel the $8,500,000 appropriated for credit
subsidy. Loan Programs Office (LPO) will use up to $2 million in unobligated balances carried forward from prioryear appropriations to cover administrative expenses necessary to implement program termination. In FY 2021,
LPO will stop originating loans for TELGP, and will though continue to monitor any loans that may close prior to
October 1, 2020.
Program Highlights
The FY 2021 Budget eliminates TELGP.
•••The FY 2021 Budget proposes to cancel $8.5 million in unobligated credit subsidy balances
appropriated by the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2017 (P.L. 115-31).
In FY 2021, LPO will discontinue loans origination activities for TELGP.
The FY 2021 Budget proposes to use up to $2 million in unobligated balances carried forward fromprior year appropriations for related administrative expenses.

1
The FY 2021 Budget proposes to cancel $8.5 million in unobligated credit subsidy balances appropriated by the Consolidated Appropriations
Act of 2017 (P.L. 115-31).

Budget in Brief

45

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION($K)

Energy Information Administration
National Energy Information System
Total, Energy Information Administration

FY 2019
EnactedFY 2020
EnactedFY 2021
Request125,000
125,000

126,800
126,800

128,710
128,710

FY 2021 Request vsFY 2020 Enacted
$

%

1,910
1,910

1.5%
1.5%

Appropriation Overview
The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) is the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department ofEnergy (DOE). EIA collects, analyzes, and disseminates independent and impartial energy information to promote soundpolicymaking, efficient markets, and public understanding of energy and its interaction with the economy and theenvironment. EIA is the nation’s premier source of energy information and, by law, its data, analyses, and forecasts are
independent of approval by any other officer or employee of the U.S. government.
EIA conducts a wide range of data collection, analysis, forecasting, and dissemination activities to support customers,
including Congress, federal and state governments, the private sector, the public, and the media, have ready access totimely, reliable, and relevant energy information. EIA’s data and analysis inform important energy-related decisions, such as
the availability of energy sources; government, business, and personal investment decisions; and policy development.
Program Highlights
The Request supports EIA’s continued use of core statistical and analysis activities that produce reports critical to thenation, including:••••Weekly Natural Gas Storage Report (WNGSR), which is designated as one of the nation’s Principal Federal
Economic Indicators.
Weekly Petroleum Status Report (WPSR), which provides statistics on oil and petroleum product stocks, imports,
and production.
Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO), which provides monthly forecasts of U.S. and global energy supply,
consumption, trade, stocks, and prices projected out 12 to 24 months.
Annual Energy Outlook (AEO), which projects U.S. energy supply, consumption, and trade over the next 25- to 30year period.

EIA will also begin a multi-year effort to modernize its energy modeling capabilities. Expected benefits to EIA stakeholders
include greater agility in EIA’s modeling system to address key current and emerging trends, for example, the increased
prominence of natural gas in the U.S. domestic energy profile, growing penetration of renewables, and more flexible
options for modeling energy-related CO2 emissions.
The Request will also continue EIA’s planned cybersecurity initiatives to bolster information security.

Budget in Brief

46

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

SCIENCE($K)

Office of Science
Advanced Scientific Computing Research
Basic Energy Sciences
Biological and Environmental Research
Fusion Energy Sciences
High Energy Physics
Nuclear Physics
Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists
Science Laboratory Infrastructure
Safeguards and Security
Program Direction
Total, Office of Science

FY 2019
EnactedFY 2020
EnactedFY 2021
RequestFY 2021 Request vsFY 2020 Enacted$%

935,500
2,166,000
705,000
564,000
980,000
690,000
22,500232,890
106,110183,000
6,585,000

980,000
2,213,000
750,000
671,000
1,045,000
713,000
28,000301,000
112,700
186,300
7,000,000

988,051
1,935,673
516,934
425,151
818,131653,327
20,500174,110
115,623
190,306
5,837,806+8,051-277,327-233,066-245,849-226,869-59,673-7,500-126,890+2,923+4,006-1,162,194+0.8%-12.5%-31.1%-36.6%-21.7%-8.4%-26.8%-42.2%+2.6%+2.2%-16.6%

Appropriation Overview
The Office of Science (SC) is the nation’s largest Federal supporter of basic research in the physical sciences andfunds programs in physics, chemistry, materials science, biology, environmental science, applied mathematics, andcomputer and computational science. The SC portfolio has two principal thrusts: direct support of scientificresearch, and direct support of the design, development, construction, and operation of unique, open-accessscientific user facilities. The SC basic research portfolio includes extramural grants and contracts supporting over
23,000 researchers located at over 300 institutions and the 17 DOE national laboratories, spanning all fifty states
and the District of Columbia. The portfolio of 28 scientific user facilities serves over 33,000 users per year. SC
programs invest in foundational science, including basic research for the advancement of clean energy, totransform our understanding of nature and strengthen the connection between advances in fundamental scienceand technology innovation.
The SC Request includes ongoing investments to support the Administrations Industries of the Future (IOTF)
initiative through research in quantum information sciences (QIS) and artificial intelligence (AI) and machinelearning (ML). The Request also supports research efforts in next-generation microelectronics, genomic sciences toinform biosecurity research, and critical scientific infrastructure needs at DOE laboratories. The Request also
initiates several new multidisciplinary research initiatives including: data and computational collaboration with
NIH, integrated computational and data infrastructure for scientific discovery, next generation biology, rare earthand separation science, revolutionizing polymer upcycling, and strategic accelerator technology. These new
initiatives position SC to meet new research demands in an enhanced collaborative effort.
Program Highlights• Advanced Scientific Computing Research
Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) supports advanced computational research, appliedmathematics, and computer science, as well as development and operation of multiple, large, highperformance and leadership computing user facilities and high performance networking. The efforts prioritize
basic research in applied mathematics and computer science with emphasis on the challenges of data intensive
science, including AI and ML, and future computing technologies. The Request increases support for ASCR’s
Computational Partnerships with a focus on developing strategic partnerships in quantum computing and data

Budget in Brief

47

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justficationintensive applications, and new partnerships that broaden the impact of both exascale and data infrastructure
investments in areas of strategic importance to DOE and SC. The Request funds:o Research, development, and design activities to achieve exascale-capable systems with a five foldimprovement in true application performance over the Summit system at the Oak Ridge Leadership
Computing Facility.
o Foundational research to improve the robustness, reliability, and transparency of Big Data and AI
technologies, uncertainty quantification, and development of software tools and initiation of an activity to
deploy AI software and technologies to create an integrated computational and data infrastructure acrossthe SC programs and laboratories.
o Support of core research in applied mathematics and computer science, the Scientific Discovery throughAdvanced Computing (SciDAC) program, and strategic partnerships aimed at understanding the challenges
that quantum information and neuromorphic technologies pose to DOE mission applications.
o Support for partnerships with BES, HEP and FES in microelectronics and new data, and AI partnerships
with NIH.
o In partnership with other SC programs, continuing support for QIS centers to promote basic research andearly stage development to accelerate the advancement of QIS through vertical integration between
systems and theory and hardware and software. In addition to the QIS centers, support for early stage
research associated with the first steps to establish a dedicated Quantum Network.
o Operations and preparation for upgrades at ASCR’s four scientific user facilities, including site
preparations and non-recurring engineering efforts at the Leadership Computing Facilities.
•

Basic Energy Sciences
Basic Energy Sciences (BES) supports fundamental research to understand, predict, and ultimately control
matter and energy at the electronic, atomic, and molecular levels in order to provide the foundations for newenergy technologies, to mitigate the environmental impacts of energy use, and to support DOE missions inenergy, environment, and national security. The Request funds:
o Core research activities to support Administration Priorities including QIS, next-generation
microelectronics, data analytics and machine learning for data-driven science (AI/ML), exascalecomputing, next-generation biology, critical materials, polymer upcycling, and strategic accelerator
technology.
o Continuing support for the Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) as well as the Batteries and Energy
Storage and the Fuels from Sunlight Energy Innovation Hubs.
o Computational materials and chemical sciences to deliver shared software infrastructure to the researchcommunities as part of the Exascale Computing Initiative.
o In partnership with other SC programs, continuing support for QIS centers to promote basic research earlystage development to accelerate the advancement of QIS through vertical integration between systems
and theory and hardware and software.
o Continuing operation of BES user facilities near optimal levels: five x-ray light sources, two neutron
scattering sources, and five research centers for nanoscale science that also supports QIS research andrelated tools development.
o Five ongoing construction projects: the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade(APS-U), the Advanced Light
Source Upgrade (ALS-U) project, the Linac Coherent Light Source-II High Energy (LCLS-II-HE) project, theProton Power Upgrade (PPU) project at the SNS, and the Second Target Station (STS).
o Continuing support for two Major Item of Equipment projects: the NSLS-II Experimental Tools-II (NEXT-II)
project to continue the phased build-out of beamlines at NSLS-II, and the Nanoscale Science ResearchCenters Recapitalization project.
o A new construction project for a Cryomodule Repair and Maintenance Facility (CRMF).

•

Biological and Environmental Research
Biological and Environmental Research (BER) supports fundamental research to understand complex
biological, biogeochemical, and physical principles of natural systems at scales extending from the genome of

Budget in Brief48

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

microbes and plants to the environmental and ecological processes at the scale of the planet Earth. The
Request funds:
o Core research in biological systems science using approaches such as genome sequencing, securebiodesign, proteomics, metabolomics, structural biology, high-resolution imaging and characterization,
including full support of the Bioenergy Research Centers. Integration of this experimental biologicalinformation into computational modelsfor iterative testing and validation to advance a predictive
understanding of biological systems for use in secure, clean, affordable, and reliable energy for adaptation
to industry, as well as contributing to QIS.
o New efforts in translating biodesign rules to functional properties of novel biological polymers.
o Core research in earth and environmental systems science, with activities focused on scientific analysis
and modeling of the sensitivity and uncertainty of Earth system predictions to atmospheric, cryospheric,oceanic, and biogeochemical processes, with continued support of the Energy Exascale Earth System
Model.
o Continuing operation of the three BER scientific user facilities: the Joint Genome Institute, theAtmospheric Radiation Measurement Research Facility, and the Environmental Molecular Sciences
Laboratory.
•

Fusion Energy Sciences
Fusion Energy Sciences (FES) supports research to understand matter at very high temperatures and densities
and to build the scientific foundation needed to develop a fusion energy source The Request funds:o Research and facility operations at the DIII-D national fusion facility to support the study of high-priority
topics identified by community research needs workshops.
o The National Spherical Torus Experiment Upgrade (NSTX-U) recovery to implement repairs and corrective
actions required to obtain robust, reliable research operations, and enhanced collaborative research atother facilities to support NSTX-U research program priorities.
o Research opportunities for U.S. scientists at overseas superconducting tokamaks and stellerators andother international facilities with unique capabilities, enabled by U.S. hardware and intellectual
contributions.
o In partnership with other SC programs, continuing support for QIS centers to promote basic research earlystage development to accelerate the advancement of QIS through vertical integration between systems
and theory and hardware and software.
o Support for SciDAC in partnership with ASCR, research in high-energy-density laboratory plasma science,and discovery plasma science.
o The U.S. Contribution to the ITER project, focusing on the highest-priority First Plasma hardware
components, including the continued fabrication of the central solenoid superconducting magnet
modules.
o Initial design funding for an experimental research end-station at the Linac Coherent Light Source User
Facility for the Matter in Extreme Conditions Petawatt upgrade project.
o The Materials-Plasma Exposure eXperiment project, which will be a world-leading facility for dedicatedstudies of reactor-relevant heat and particle loads on fusion materials.

•

High Energy Physics
High Energy Physics (HEP) supports research to understand how the universe works at its most fundamental
level, enabling the discovery of the most elementary constituents of matter and energy, the probing of theinteractions among them, and the exploration of the basic nature of space and time. The Request funds:
o Core research activities to support Administration Priorities: QIS, which opens prospects for new
capabilities in sensing, simulation, and computing in support of the National Quantum Initiative; AI/ML, toaddress cross cutting challenges across the HEP program in coordination with DOE investments inexascale computing and associated AI efforts; next-generation microelectronics; and the Accelerator
Traineeship Program for expanded workforce development in research areas of Advanced Technology
R&D.

Budget in Brief49

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

o
o
o
o

o
o

o
o

•

Continuing support for QIS centers to promote basic research and early stage development necessary toaccelerate the advancement of QIS through vertical integration between systems and theory andhardware and software.
Core research activities, with emphasis on the physics of the Higgs boson, neutrinos, dark matter, anddark energy; exploring the unknown; and enabling early and visible scientific results from HEP project
investments.
R&D that requires long-term investments, including Advanced Technology R&D, Accelerator Stewardship,
and cross-cutting efforts in QIS and AI/ML to accelerate discovery in particle physics.
Continuing operation of HEP user facilities: Fermilab Accelerator Complex consists of four acceleratorsthat work together to provide world-class particle beams for experiments at the Intensity Frontier;
Brookhaven Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) provides high power lasers synchronized with high brightness
electron beams, to explore the science of particle acceleration and radiation generation, and to develop
new accelerator technologies; and SLAC Facility for Advanced Accelerator Experimental Tests (FACET)
provides beam-driven plasma wakefield particle acceleration to carry out experiments.
Continuing support to Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) to meet DOE expectations ofreliable, efficient, and safe operations during the construction of Long Baseline Neutrino Facility/Deep
Underground Neutrino Experiment (LBNE/DUNE).
Continuing support for the highest priority projects identified by the high energy physics community toinclude Fermilab-hosted LBNF/DUNE and Proton Improvement Plan-II (PIP-II), which will provide theworld’s highest proton beam intensity of greater than 1.2 megawatts, and the CERN-based, HighLuminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) Accelerator, and A Toroidal LHC Apparatus (ATLAS) andCompact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Detector Upgrade Projects, supported in collaboration with international
partners.
Initial funding for the Cosmic Microwave Background-Stage 4 (CMB-S4) Major Item of Equipment. The
sensitivity necessary to test the inflation model of cosmology requires designing the next generation CMB
project. CMB-S4 will also provide information about dark energy and neutrino properties.
Design studies support for a new Fermilab Accelerator Control System. Much of the Fermilab accelerator
control system dates from the original 1970's construction. Upgrading the control system will allow theFermilab Accelerator Complex to operate more precisely and efficiently, resulting in better performanceand lower operating costs.

Nuclear Physics
Nuclear Physics (NP) supports research to discover, explore, and understand all forms of nuclear matter The
Request funds:
o High priority world-class nuclear physics research in Quantum Chromodynamics, Nuclei and Nuclear
Astrophysics, and Fundamental Symmetries at universities and laboratories and preservation of criticalcore competencies.
o Support for QIS efforts to enable precision NP measurements, development of quantum sensors based on
atomic-nuclear interactions, and development of quantum computing algorithms, in support of the
National Quantum Initiative.
o Support for the DOE Isotope Program as it continues to introduce new medical isotopes for clinical trials
and cancer therapy.
o Operations of NP Facilities including: the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider; the 12 GeV Continuous Electron
Beam Accelerator Facility; the Argonne Tandem Linac Acceleratory System; and the Facility for Rare
Isotope Beams (FRIB).
o New initiatives in AI and Strategic Accelerator Research and Development to achieve groundbreaking
advances in these fields related to Nuclear Physics.
o Support for final efforts to complete the FRIB at Michigan State University consistent with theperformance baseline profile. FRIB will provide world-leading capabilities for nuclear structure andnuclear astrophysics.
o Continuation of engineering design of the U.S. Stable Isotope Production and Research Center (SIPRC) at
ORNL to increase the domestic production capabilities of stable isotopes for scientific, industrial, national
security, and medical uses.

Budget in Brief50

FY 2021 Congressional Budget JustficationoooContinuing support for R&D and design activities for the Electron Ion Collider at BNL.
Continuing design and long-lead activities for the SIPRC to mitigate U.S. dependence on foreign sources ofenriched stable isotopes for research and applications.
Support for fabrication of new NP scientific equipment: the Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking Array Major Itemof Equipment (MIE), which will enable the provisioning of advanced, high resolution gamma ray detection
capabilities for FRIB and the sPHENIX MIE, which will have enhanced capabilities that will further RHIC’s
scientific mission by studying high rate jet production; the High Resolution Spectrometer (HRS) to study
fast neutron beams at FRIB, the Ton-scale Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay MIE experiment to determine
whether the neutrino is its own antiparticle; and the Measurement of a Lepton-Lepton Electroweak
Reaction (MOLLER), which will measure the parity-violating asymmetry in electron-electron scatteringwith the 12 GeV CEBAF machine.

•

Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists
Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists (WDTS) ensures that DOE has a sustained pipeline ofscience, technology, engineering, and mathematics workers to meet national goals and objectives, now and in
the future.

•

Science Laboratories Infrastructure
Science Laboratories Infrastructure (SLI) sustains mission-ready infrastructure and safe and environmentally
responsible operations by providing the infrastructure necessary to support leading edge research at the ten
SC DOE national laboratories. The Request funds:o Three new construction projects: Princeton Plasma Innovation Center and Critical Infrastructure Recovery& Renewal project at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), and the Infrastructure Modernization
project at Ames.
o Continuation of 15 ongoing construction projects: the Critical Utilities Rehabilitation project and theScience User Support Center at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL); the Seismic and Safety
Modernization project, the Linear Assets Modernization project, and the Biological and Environmental
Program Integration Center (BioEPIC) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL); the CEBAF
Renovation and Expansion at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF); the Craft Resources
Support Facility and the Translational Research Capability project at Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL); the Critical Utilities Infrastructure Revitalization project and Large Scale Collaboration Center at
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC); the Argonne Utilities Upgrade at Argonne National
Laboratory (ANL); the Energy Sciences Capability project at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL);
the Utilities Infrastructure project and the Integrated Engineering Research Center at Fermi National
Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL); and the Tritium System Demolition and Disposal project at PPPL.
o General purpose infrastructure projects that will address inadequate core infrastructure and utility needs;
and support for Payment in Lieu of Taxes, nuclear facilities at ORNL, and landlord responsibilities at the
Oak Ridge Reservation.

•

Safeguards and Security
Safeguards and Security (S&S) program supports appropriate security measures are in place for the SC mission
requirement of open scientific research and to protect critical assets within SC national laboratories. S&S
increases by $2.9 million, or 2.6 percent, above the FY 2020 Enacted level. The Request funds:
o Continued implementation of the Design Basis Threat and Science and Technology Policy mandated
physical security modifications at SC laboratories, starting with highest priorities including the protectionof personnel.

•

Science Program Direction
Program Direction (PD) supports the skilled and motivated Federal workforce that plans, develops, andoversees SC investments in world-leading basic research and scientific user facilities, and provides criticaloversight to ten of DOE’s national laboratories. The Request funds Salaries and Benefits, Travel, Support
Services, Other Related Expenses, and Working Capital Fund requirements.

Budget in Brief

51

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT($K)

Environmental Management by Site
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Carlsbad/Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP)
Idaho National Laboratory
Oak Ridge
Paducah
Portsmouth
RichlandRiver Protection
Savannah River
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Los Alamos National Laboratory
NevadaSandia National Laboratories
Separation Process Research Unit (SPRU)
West Valley Demonstration Project
Energy Technology Engineering Center
Moab
Other Sites
Headquarters Operations
Technology Development
Uranium/Thorium Reimbursement Program
Program Direction
Excess Facilities
Subtotal, Environmental Management by Site
Adjustments
Use of Prior Year Balance (Defense
Environmental Cleanup)
Rescission of Prior Year Balances
Use of Prior Year Balance (15-D-401
Containerized Sludge Removal)
Total, Environmental Management by Site

FY 2019
EnactedFY 2020
EnactedFY 2021
Request20,456
403,487
443,200
646,281274,024475,806
954,097
1,573,000
1,551,014
35,00026,704220,000
60,1362,600
15,00078,133
11,00045,0004,889
12,97925,00011,000298,50000403,599446,300
682,348314,339
493,427
1,001,301
1,616,000
1,629,924
31,00066,727220,000
60,737
2,652
15,30079,611
18,20045,0004,987
14,17925,0005,250
281,119
10,0000
390,066
270,954431,848
282,403491,306
654,584
1,257,681
1,702,870
0
1,764
120,000
60,7374,860
15,00092,411
11,00047,653
4,987
12,97925,00021,284275,285
0

FY 2021 Request vs.
FY 2020 Enacted
$
%
0
0.0%
-13,533-3.4%-175,346-39.3%-250,500-36.7%-31,936-10.2%-2,121-0.4%-346,717-34.6%-358,319-22.2%
72,946
4.5%-31,000 -100.0%-64,963-97.4%-100,000-45.5%
0
0.0%
2,208
83.3%
-300
-2.0%
12,80016.1%-7,200-39.6%
2,653
5.9%
0
0.0%
-1,200-8.5%
00.0%
16,034305.4%-5,834-2.1%-10,000-100.0%7,187,306

7,467,000

6,174,672-1,292,328-17.3%-7,577-4,600000-109,000

0-109,000

0.0%
0.0%

0
7,175,129-11,800
7,455,200

06,065,672

11,800-1,389,528-100.0%-18.6%

Appropriation Overview
The Office of Environmental Management (EM) supports the Department of Energy (DOE) to meet the challenges of thenation’s Manhattan Project and Cold War legacy responsibilities. EM was established in 1989 and is responsible for thecleanup of millions of gallons of liquid radioactive waste, thousands of tons of spent (used) nuclear fuel and nuclear
materials, disposition of large volumes of transuranic and mixed/low- level waste, huge quantities of contaminated soil andwater, and deactivation and decommissioning of thousands of excess facilities. This environmental cleanup program resultsfrom six decades of nuclear weapons development and production and Government-sponsored nuclear energy research. It
involves some of the most dangerous materials known to mankind. To date, EM has completed cleanup activities at 91 sites
in 30 states and in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. EM is currently responsible for cleaning up the remaining 16 sites in
11 states.

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Program Highlights• Savannah RiverAt the Savannah River Site, the FY 2021 supports the Liquid Waste Program, to achieve additional risk reduction bystabilization and immobilization of high activity radionuclides through vitrification into canisters at the Defense Waste
Processing Facility and disposition of decontaminated salt waste in Saltstone Disposal Units. The mission of the
Saltstone Disposal Unit #7 project is to construct a cylindrical reinforced concrete tank designed to containapproximately 30,000,000 gallons of Saltstone grout, which is the waste from the disposition of the decontaminatedsalt solution resulting from salt waste processing. The mission of the Saltstone Disposal Units #8 and #9 project is toconstruct two cylindrical reinforced concrete tanks designed to contain approximately 30,000,000 gallons of Saltstone
grout each. The Salt Waste Processing Facility is poised to complete commissioning activities in FY 2020; therefore, FY
2021 activities anticipate full-year, 24-7 operations. The Request also includes funding of $25M for construction of theAdvanced Manufacturing Collaborative Facility.
The increase over the FY 2020 Enacted level is attributed to Salt Waste Processing Facility operations after
completing the Salt Waste Processing Facility line item project, an increase in preparation of tanks for waste
removal and feed preparation in support of Salt Waste Processing Facility operations at planned rates, an increasein Saltstone Disposal Unit projects due to construction in Saltstone Disposal Units 8&9, an increase in the area ofRegulatory Commitments due to focus on preparation of old-style tanks for waste removal and closure activities ofancillary facilities in F-Tank Farm supporting feed preparation for Salt Waste Processing Facility and Defense Waste
Processing Facility, completion of new DOE directed scope to re-establish characterization capabilities fortransuranic waste in E-Area by 3 quarter FY 2021, including modifications to transuranic waste Pad 4 andinstallation of equipment.
•

Office of River Protection
The Department is working aggressively to complete and operate the treatment facilities to safely immobilize anddispose of tank waste at Hanford. The Office of River Protection’s FY 2021 budget request represents planned efforts
for continued progress toward important cleanup required by the Amended Consent Decree and Tri-Party Agreement.
The request is designed to maintain safe operations of the tank farms to protect workers, the public, and theenvironment; meet regulatory commitments; and enable the development and maintenance of infrastructurenecessary to enable waste treatment operations. The fiscal year 2021 request also includes funding for the Waste
Treatment and Immobilization Plant ($609,924,000). The mission of the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant
Project is to construct a treatment facility to blend waste from the tank farms with molten glass, which is placed into
stainless steel canisters suitable for long-term storage of high-level waste and disposal of low-level waste. Specifically,
the FY 2021 request will support final development and implementation of operational procedures, completion ofrefurbishments, and completion of handover of all facility systems to conduct cold commissioning of the Low-Activity
Waste Facility.
The decrease from the FY 2020 Enacted level focuses the Department’s priority on accomplishing Direct Feed Low
Activity Waste activities.

•

RichlandThe Richland Operations Office manages all cleanup activities at Hanford not managed by the Office of River Protection,
while also providing site-wide services shared by the two offices. Cleanup activities include soil and groundwater
remediation, facility decontamination and decommissioning, stabilization and disposition of nuclear materials and spent
nuclear fuel, and disposition of waste other than the tank waste managed by the Office of River Protection. Richland’s
FY 2021 Request represents continued achievement of important cleanup progress required by the Tri-Party Agreement.
It will maintain Richland safe operations, provide Hanford site-wide services, and prepare for startup of the Integrated
Disposal Facility to support Direct Feed Low Activity Waste commissioning and startup.
The decrease from the FY 2020 Enacted level reflects the planned completion of structural stabilization activities for the
324 Building; the completion of various infrastructure and risk mitigation activities; continuing design of modifications to

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the Waste Encapsulation and Storage Facility necessary to begin moving the cesium-strontium capsules to dry storage;
as well as focused operation of groundwater remediation systems along the Columbia River.
•

Oak Ridge
The FY 2021 budget request continues cleanup activities at the Oak Ridge site, including slab and soil
remediation at the East Tennessee Technology Park, continued investment in mercury characterization andremediation technologies, planning for construction of the Outfall 200 Mercury Treatment Facility at the Y-12
National Security Complex, as well as design for the On-Site Disposal Facility to support Y-12 National Security
Complex and Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
The decrease from the FY 2020 Enacted level is attributed to funding received in FY 2020 to address infrastructure at
ORNL and to study various technologies to remediate mercury from soils, and preparing Building 2026 to process theremaining Uranium-233 material at Oak Ridge National Laboratory as well as completion of major facilities demolitionat the East Tennessee Technology Park.

•

Idaho
At the Idaho Site, the FY 2021 funding supports Integrated Waste Treatment Unit operations and additional treatedsodium bearing waste storage capacity. The request will support completing buried waste exhumation activities at
Idaho. Additionally, this request supports continued progress in characterizing, packing and shipping stored contacthandled and remote-handled transuranic waste, as well as spent nuclear fuel activities such as continued progress tomeet the Idaho Settlement Agreement milestone of all spent nuclear fuel out of wet storage by 2023, by transferring
the remaining two fuel types out of Chemical Processing Plant Building-666. The Advanced Mixed Waste Treatment
Facility will continue Resource Conservation & Recovery Act closure activities.
The decrease from the FY 2020 Enacted level is attributed to completion of treatment and characterization of allcontact-handled transuranic non-sludge waste at Advanced Mixed Waste Treatment Facility. Also attributed to funding
received in FY 2020 to continue IWTU activities into FY 2021 as the facilities enter stable operations following ongoingfacility modifications and testing. Assuming stable IWTU operations, continue progress on buried waste exhumation as
well as planned decommissioning and decontamination progress of the Subsurface Disposal Area (SDA) waste
exhumation facilities.

•

Carlsbad
The Carlsbad Field Office is responsible for managing the National Transuranic Waste Program and the Waste Isolation
Pilot Plant (WIPP), the Nation's only mined geologic repository for the permanent disposal of defense-generated
transuranic waste. The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant FY 2021 request supports disposal facility operations, regulatory andenvironmental compliance actions, the Central Characterization Project to perform transuranic waste
characterization/certification activities to maintain progress toward legacy transuranic waste milestones at generatorsites, transuranic waste transportation capabilities, and continued progress on repairing or replacing infrastructure,
modernizing underground equipment to zero-emission battery-electric vehicles or very low emission Tier IV Final diesel
powered equipment, and two line-item capital asset projects.
The decrease from the FY 2020 Enacted level is attributed to proposed completion of line item Safety Significant
Confinement Ventilation System in FY 2020 and turnover in FY 2021.

•

Paducah
The Paducah site is responsible for a multifaceted portfolio of processing and cleanup activities. The site operates one oftwo depleted uranium hexafluoride (DUF6) conversion facilities in the EM portfolio, with the Paducah facility expected tocontinue operations for approximately thirty years. Additionally, Paducah manages high-priority groundwater
remediation; deactivation and decommissioning of excess facilities; and disposition of mixed and low-level waste. ThisFY 2021 Budget Request supports activities to continue environmental remediation and to further stabilize the gaseous
diffusion plant. The stabilization activities include non-destructive assay characterization, activities to remove

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hazardous materials, and surveillance and maintenance. This budget request also supports the safe operation of the
Depleted Uranium Hexafluoride Conversion facility.
The decrease from the FY 2020 Enacted level primarily due to significant progress on one-time discrete subcontracted
projects, including construction of an Emergency Operations Center; dismantlement of the C-531, C-535, and C-537
switchyards; and railroad repairs and replacement of end-of-life equipment.
•

Portsmouth
The FY 2021 budget continues decontamination and decommissioning activities. This budget request also supports thesafe operation of the Depleted Uranium Hexafluoride Conversion facility. The FY 2021 Budget Request includes funding
the On-Site Waste Disposal Facility, Line Item Capital Project #1 (15-U-408) to receive the debris from the X-326
Process Building, at $46,639,000 and includes funding the On-Site Waste Disposal Facility, Line Item Capital Project #2(20-U-401) to receive the debris from the X-333 Process Building, at $16,500,000. The mission of these projects is toconstruct an on-site facility for the disposal of debris generated from the demolition of the Portsmouth Gaseous
Diffusion Plant and associated facilities.
The decrease from the FY 2020 Enacted level reflects a reduction to operations activities primarily offset by increases
for two Capital Line-Item construction projects. This aligns the sequencing of On-Site Waste Disposal Facility cell
construction with planned Process Building demolition.

•

Los Alamos National Laboratory
FY 2021 activities will continue to focus on surface and groundwater management at the Los Alamos National
Laboratory. The Chromium Plume Control Interim Measure to control migration of a hexavalent chromium plumebeneath Mortandad and Sandia Canyons will continue. Additionally Plume-Center Characterization activities willcontinue to investigate and develop corrective measures for remediation of the hexavalent chromium plume, anddesign will be initiated for the proposed remedies. Installation of New Mexico Environment Department approved
groundwater remedies for the Royal Demolition Explosives plume in Cañon de Valle will continue. Implementation of
the individual storm water permits will continue and investigation and cleanup of several aggregate areas will becompleted. Demolition of slabs at Technical Area 21 will continue as well as retrieval and repackaging of the belowgrade transuranic waste to include readiness activities and infrastructure needs in order to manage the processing andpackaging of the waste at Area G. Consistent with the priorities established with the New Mexico Environment
Department in the 2016 Consent Order, cleanup activities will continue to focus on surface water and groundwater
management.
The decrease from the FY 2020 Enacted level reflects initiation, startup, and operations of contact handled transuranic
waste retrieval, treatment, and disposition activities with prior year balances.

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LEGACY MANAGEMENT

Legacy Management
Legacy Management
Program Direction
Total, Legacy Management

FY 2019
EnactedFY 2020
Enacted($K)
FY 2021
Request140,575
18,302
158,877

142,767
19,262
162,029

293,873
23,120316,993

FY 2021 Request vsFY 2020 Enacted$%+151,106+3,858
154,964

+106%
+20%
+96%

Appropriation Overview
Legacy Management (LM) provides for the long-term protection of human health and the environment after site cleanup iscompleted. LM’s responsibilities include DOE Environmental Management closure sites, former uranium mills, sites
remediated as part of the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP), and selected sites conveyed to DOE
under other authorities. LM also funds the pensions and post-retirement benefits for former contractor personnel aftersite closure.
LM provides funding for Long-Term Surveillance and Maintenance (LTS&M), Archives and Information Management (AIM),
Pensions and Benefits Continuity, Asset Management, Environmental Justice (EJ), Communication, Education, and Outreach(CEO), and Program Direction (PD).
Program Highlights
The majority of LM’s activities are long-term solutions and focus on maintaining the Department’s environmental, legal,
regulatory, and community commitments of the Cold War. Management of long-term solutions at closure sites by LM
enables other DOE programs to focus on risk reduction and site closure. By the end of FY 2021, LM will have responsibility
for long-term stewardship of 102 sites, which includes the transition of Tonopah Test Range Site in Nevada and East
Tennessee Technology Park in Tennessee. LM’s long-term stewardship will include conducting long-term surveillance andmaintenance of environmental remedies (e.g., groundwater monitoring and disposal cell maintenance) to protect humanhealth and the environment, modernization and digitization of physical and electronic record systems, responding to over
1,800 annual requests for information, pursuing beneficial reuse and disposal of the Department’s properties, managing
pension plan contributions and post-retirement benefits (e.g., medical and life insurance) for former contractor workers
from seven sites. Additionally, to address increased external entities interaction and communication plans for LM’s longterm solutions also includes community interaction and outreach, and conducting Department’s environmental justiceactivities.
LM’s FY 2021 Budget Request will also support administration of an interagency agreement to address abandoned defense
related uranium mines, execution of the Department’s Uranium Leasing Program, conducting applied studies andtechnology development to reduce scope and costs, and closure activities (planning and community outreach) at the Grand
Junction, CO Disposal Site. LM’s FY 2021 Budget Request also includes $150,000,000 to support the reform proposal toconsolidate the administration for Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP) under a single agency, theU.S. Department of Energy Office of Legacy Management (LM). The $150,000,000 will support cleanup activities performedby the U.S Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) at FUSRAP sites. Per the reform proposal, LM will be responsible for theadministration of FUSRAP, USACE will continue to conduct cleanup of FUSRAP sites, and LM will continue to conduct LTS&M
after cleanup activities are completed. Similar to the approach the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and USACE
executes the Superfunds program, this alignment will enhance LM and USACE’s partnership and lead to operational
efficiencies required for more complex FUSRAP sites.

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FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

NATIONAL NUCLEAR SECURITY ADMINISTRATION($K)
FY 2019
EnactedNational Nuclear Security Administration
Federal Salaries and Expenses
Weapons Activities
Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation
Naval Reactorsa
Total, National Nuclear Security

FY 2020
EnactedFY 2021
RequestFY 2021 Request vsFY 2020 Enacted$%

410,000
434,699
454,000+19,301
11,100,000 12,457,097 15,602,000 +3,144,903
1,930,000 2,164,400 2,031,000-133,400
1,788,618 1,648,396 1,684,000+35,604
15,228,618 16,704,592 19,771,000 +3,066,408+4.4%+25.2%-6.2%+2.2%+18.4%

Funding does not reflect the mandated transfer of $85.5 million in FY 2019 and $88.5 million in FY 2020 to the Office of Nuclear Energy
for operation of the Advanced Test Reactor.
aAppropriation Overview
The National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) FY 2021 Budget Request is $19,771,000,000 to fund NNSA’s mission
to support the security and safety of our nation. NNSA’s FY 2021 Budget Request pursues five major national security
endeavors:• Maintain a safe, secure, and effective nuclear weapons stockpile;• Reduce global nuclear threats and keep materials out of the hands of terrorists;• Strengthen key science, technology and engineering capabilities in support of certification, assessment, andcurrent and future life extension programs;• Provide safe and effective integrated nuclear propulsion systems for the U.S. Navy; and,• Modernize the Nuclear Security infrastructure. Key to all of these efforts is providing the necessary federal
oversight for growing mission requirements.
Major Out-year Priorities and Assumptions
NNSA’s FYNSP topline for FY 2022 – FY 2025 is $83.3 billion, which supports the modernization efforts and the scientifictools necessary to execute the 2018 Nuclear Posture Review. The Request continues to modernize America’s nuclear
stockpile and infrastructure, and the underlying science that supports strategic decisions and certification of the stockpile,
as detailed in the annual Stockpile Stewardship and Management Plan (SSMP). The Request supports the U.S Navy’s
nuclear fleet through safe and effective integrated nuclear propulsion systems. The Request also supports thenonproliferation goals outlined in NNSA’s Prevent, Counter, and Respond—A Strategic Plan to Reduce Global Nuclear
Threats (NPCR).

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FEDERAL SALARIES AND EXPENSES – NNSA($K)

Federal Salaries and Expenses
Federal Salaries and Expenses
Total, Federal Salaries and Expenses

FY 2019
EnactedFY 2020
EnactedFY 2021
RequestFY 2021 Request vsFY 2020 Enacted$%

410,000
410,000

434,699434,699

454,000
454,000+19,301+19,301

+4.4%
+4.4%

Appropriation Overview
The National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Federal Salaries and Expense (FSE) funds recruiting, training, andretention of federal staff to perform program and project management and oversight of approximately $17.6 billion in
Weapons Activities (WA) and Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation (DNN) funding across the nuclear security enterprise. FSE
provides for the salaries and benefits of 1,858 Federal Full-time Equivalents (FTEs) – 1,836 paid from FSE and 22 paid
through the Working Capital Fund. FSE also provides space and occupancy needs, travel costs, support service contractors,
training, and other related expenses. Seventy-seven percent of FSE funds are for federal salaries and benefits.
NNSA workforce consists of a diverse cadre of scientists, engineers, project and program managers, foreign affairs
specialists, and highly technical support staff that perform program and project management and appropriate oversight of
the national security missions related to the WA and DNN accounts. The workforce is also comprised of mission support
staff including management and program analysis, contracting, security administration, miscellaneous administration,
human resource management, emergency management, information technology management, budget analysis,
accounting, legal services (general and patent attorney, paralegal specialist), operations research, miscellaneous clerk andassistant, public affairs, quality assurance, general business and industry, government information specialists, industrial
hygiene, industrial property management, equal employment opportunity, grants management, environmental protection
specialist, safety and occupational health management, logistics management, computer engineering, records andinformation management, telecommunications, writing and editing, computer science, procurement clerical and technician,inventory management, financial management, psychology, safety and electrical engineering, and architecture.
NNSA staff are located throughout the United States, reflecting NNSA’s work with the nuclear security enterprise. The staff
is geographically located in Washington, DC; Germantown, Maryland; Albuquerque, New Mexico; and at seven federal field
offices: Kansas City Field Office (Missouri); Lawrence Livermore Field Office (California); Los Alamos Field Office (NewMexico); Nevada Field Office (Nevada); NNSA Production Office (Texas and Tennessee); Sandia Field Office (New Mexico);and Savannah River Field Office (South Carolina).
NNSA also manages the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Overseas Presence business line in the DOE Working Capital Fund
(WCF), including 22 DOE staff in 20 foreign countries. NNSA supervises both federal employees and locally employed staff,
and reimburses the Department of State for International Cooperative Administrative Support Services (ICASS) and Capital
Security Cost Sharing (CSCS) charges.
Program Highlights
The $454,000,000 request for an increase of 83 additional FTEs and associated support expenses.
The NNSA workforce is critical to the success of the Nation’s nuclear security enterprise. The right number of people, withthe right skills, is key to meeting growing mission requirements and commitments as described in the 2018 Nuclear Posture
Review including modernizing the nuclear deterrent, recapitalizing the aging infrastructure, and continuing to meet therequirements of nonproliferation and counterterrorism programs.
Multiple staffing studies and evaluations have recommended increases to NNSA staff over the Future-Years Nuclear
Security Program (FYNSP)) suggesting that NNSA may need to eventually hire approximately 2,100 FTEs in the coming years.
NNSA will use a variety of innovative methods to grow and shape the professional staff including the use of recruitment
events and expanded excepted service hiring authority. The NNSA will also continue to monitor the evolving need for

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58

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justficationfederal oversight in support of the nuclear modernization missions and adjust future staffing plans accordingly. NNSA will
also use partnerships with academic alliances to grow the workforce with early identification and recruitment of top
science, technology, engineering, and math talent.

Budget in Brief59

FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

WEAPONS ACTIVITIES – NNSA($K)
FY 2019
Enacted
Weapons Activities
Stockpile Management
Production Modernization
Stockpile Research, Technology, and Engineering
Infrastructure and Operations
Secure Transportation Asset
Defense Nuclear Security
Information Technology and Cybersecurity
Legacy Contractor Pensions
Subtotal, Weapons Activities
Use of Prior Year Balances
Total, Weapons Activities

FY 2020
EnactedFY 2021
RequestFY 2021 Request vsFY 2020 Enacted$%

3,403,790 3,680,051 4,284,244+604,193
1,041,924 1,565,523 2,457,900+892,377
2,174,294 2,553,119 2,782,131+229,012
3,140,328 3,199,544 4,383,577 +1,184,033
278,639
292,660
390,074+97,414690,638
775,000
826,895+51,895
221,175
300,000
375,511+75,511
162,292
91,200101,668+10,468
11,113,080 12,457,097 15,602,000 +3,144,903-13,08000011,100,000 12,457,097 15,602,000 +3,144,903+16.4%+57.0%+9.0%+37.0%+33.3%+6.7%+25.2%+11.5%+25.2%
N/A+25.2%

Appropriation Overview
Programs funded within the Weapons Activities appropriation support the Nation's nuclear stockpile and its attendantnationwide infrastructure of science, technology, engineering, and production capabilities without resuming nuclear
explosive testing. Weapons Activities provides for the maintenance and refurbishment of nuclear weapons to continue
sustained confidence in their safety, reliability, and military effectiveness; continued investment in scientific, engineering,and manufacturing capabilities to enable production and certification of the enduring nuclear weapons stockpile; andmanufacture of nuclear weapon components. Weapons Activities also provides for continued maintenance and investmentin the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) nuclear complex to be more responsive and resilient. This increasereflects investments to the infrastructure needed to sustain the U.S. nuclear stockpile. Over the past several decades, theU.S. nuclear weapons infrastructure has suffered the effects of age and underfunding.
NNSA’s laboratories, plants, and sites employ approximately 50,000 people across the Enterprise, primarily at eightgeographical sites, to execute these programs managed by a Federal workforce composed of civilian and military staff.
Additional details about these programs will be included in the FY 2021 Stockpile Stewardship and Management Plan
(SSMP).
The FY 2021 Request is presented in a new structure that consolidates various funding sources, aligns current and future
workload, and improves transparency for interaction with Congress regarding program execution and funding requests.
The Request supports the current stockpile, warhead modernization programs to include life extension programs (LEP) andmodifications, production facilities and capabilities modernization efforts, and the scientific tools necessary to execute
these efforts. This scope is consistent with the 2018 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR).
Program Highlights• Stockpile Management
Maintains a safe, secure, and militarily effective nuclear weapons stockpile. Activities include: sustaining the current
active stockpile to include the Annual Assessment Process, surveillance, minor alterations and limited life component
exchanges; extending the expected life of the stockpile weapons to include life extension programs, and major
modifications and alterations; providing safe and secure dismantlement of nuclear weapons and components; andproviding sustainment of needed manufacturing capabilities and capacities, including process improvements, quality
assurance, and investments focused on increased efficiency of production operations. The FY 2021 Request includes
increases for the W80-4 LEP and the W87-1 Modification Program to maintain first production unit schedules of FY
2025 and FY 2030, respectively. Funding is also requested to begin Phase 1 (concept and Assessment Refinement
activities) for the W93.

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FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

•Production Modernization
Focuses on the production capabilities for nuclear weapons, including primaries, canned subassemblies (which includes
multiple materials and components), radiation cases and non-nuclear components needed to sustain the nuclear
stockpile near- to long-term. This includes the equipment, facilities, and personnel required to reestablish the Nation’s
capability to produce 80 pits per year (ppy). FY 2021 funding will also support pit production activities at the SavannahRiver Site for the implementation of the Savannah River Plutonium Processing Facility (SRPPF) to include maturing theconceptual design, site and facility preparation, long lead procurement, and personnel hiring to meet ongoing andfuture pit production needs. Production Modernization also supports qualification of explosive, pyrotechnic, andpropellant materials for supplying the NNSA’s nuclear security enterprise NSE across five management and operating(M&O) sites; implements the program necessary to produce tritium in support of the nuclear weapons stockpile andother national programs; funds modernization of uranium operations, delivery of canned subassemblies andcomponents needed to maintain the stockpile, as well as support to the U.S. Nuclear Navy, and Nonproliferation
programs; supports the restart and modernization of lapsed depleted uranium (DU) alloying and component
manufacturing capabilities for meeting short- and long-term mission requirements; maintains production of the
Nation’s enriched lithium supply; and provides funding to modernize production of non-nuclear components requiredfor both the active stockpile and warhead modernization programs.

•

Stockpile Research, Technology, and Engineering
Provides the scientific foundation for science-based stockpile decisions and actions, including the capabilities, tools,
and components needed to enable assessment of the active stockpile and certification of warhead modernization
programs. Funding requested for FY 2021 supports the continued implementation of the Enhanced Capabilities for
Subcritical Experiments (ECSE) and procurement of and LLNL site preparation for NNSA’s first Exascale system to bedelivered in 2022 and ready for program use in 2023. Both of these capabilities are required to meet W80-4 LEP and
W87-1 Modification certification requirements. In addition to the procurement and implementation of NNSA’s first
Exascale machine, the funding supports the necessary development of the design and engineering codes needed tosupport stockpile decisions to operate on this new platform. Funding in this area also supports warhead component
and production technology development and maturation needed for on-going, planned, and future warhead
modernization programs. Two important activities in this area for FY 2021 include development of a new, more
efficient production method for radiation cases and components within canned subassemblies. Programs within thisfunding area are also key to adequately train the workforce to gain skills, knowledge, and abilities for a safe, secure,and militarily effective stockpile now and into the future.

•

Infrastructure and Operations (I&O)
I&O maintains, operates, and modernizes the NNSA infrastructure in a safe and secure manner to support program
execution while seeking to maximize return on investment and reduce enterprise risk. The program also plans,
prioritizes, and constructs state-of-the-art facilities, infrastructure, and scientific tools. The FY 2021 Budget Request
increases funding for Operations of Facilities, Safety and Environmental Operations, Maintenance and Repair ofFacilities, Recapitalization, and both Programmatic and Mission Enabling Construction, which will support production of
30 ppy at LANL, meet LEP schedules at KCNSC, and address requirements within the NPR for infrastructure
modernization. Furthermore, the funding will reduce deferred maintenance; execute Recapitalization projects toimprove the condition and extend the design life of structures, capabilities, and systems to meet program demands;
reduce future operating costs by replacing older facilities with new, efficient facilities; and reduce safety, security,environmental, and program risk. Specifically, the request supports an increase in Construction for projects such as the
Uranium Processing Facility (UPF) and the Chemistry and Metallurgy Research Replacement (CMRR) project.

•

Secure Transportation Asset (STA)
STA supports safe, secure transport of the Nation’s nuclear weapons, weapon components, and special nuclear
material throughout the nuclear security enterprise to meet nuclear security requirements. The Program Direction inthis account provides salaries and expenses for the secure transportation workforce, including Federal agents. The
pillars of the STA security concept are specialized vehicles to include highly secure trailers, well trained agents, androbust communication systems. The Request supports modernizing STA transportation assets, including a replacement
for STA’s obsolete DC-9 aircraft; life extension of the Safeguards Transporter (until the Mobile Guardian Transporter

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FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

becomes operational in FY 2025); vehicle sustainment; replacement armored tractors, escort and support vehicles;
upgrades of the Tractor Control Unit to accommodate for communications and security; and continued development
and testing of the Mobile Guardian Transporter. Funding also supports a commitment to a stable human resources
strategy to maintain the staff of Federal agents.
•

Defense Nuclear Security (DNS)
DNS provides protection for NNSA personnel, facilities, nuclear weapons, and materials from a full spectrum of threats
ranging from minor security incidents to acts of terrorism at our national laboratories, production plants, processing
facilities, and the Nevada National Security Site. Employing more than 1,500 Protective Force officers, DNS securesmore than 4,400 buildings and protects more than 50,000 personnel. The FY 2021 Request includes funding to fillpositions in key security program areas required to implement a risk-based, layered protection strategy at the sites.
The Request also supports sustaining operations of and implementing improvements to the classified network that
supports the NNSA Special Access Program and implementation and operation of counter unmanned aircraft systems
at sites possessing Category 0/I special nuclear material and provides funding to continue efforts to recapitalize
security infrastructure. It also includes funding to support increased security needs associated with Pit Production
efforts at Los Alamos National Laboratory and other known mission growth across the NNSA nuclear security enterprise•

Information Technology (IT) and Cybersecurity
NNSA’s Office for Information Management provides a range of IT and Cybersecurity support functions and activities;
manages cybersecurity operations and program areas within NNSA’s laboratories, plants, and sites; executes andcoordinates Public Key Infrastructure and other Committee on National Security Systems requirements; and leverages
IT Modernization efforts across the NNSA NSE to increase the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of NNSA IT services
consistent with the DOE Strategies. The FY 2021 Request enables the development of integrated IT initiatives thatprovide an effective and secure technology infrastructure to provide adequate support to the NNSA NSE sharedservices. These initiatives will fundamentally redesign the NNSA IT environments to provide a more secure and agile
set of capabilities including unified communication, agile cloud infrastructure, and next-generation collaboration
services across the enterprise. Additionally, the NNSA IT and Cybersecurity Program will create a plan to utilize
information technology research and development capabilities, operational technology, and artificial intelligence inorder to implement tools and capabilities to secure future NNSA operations.

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FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

DEFENSE NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERATION - NNSA($K)

Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation Programs
Material Management and Minimization
Global Material Security
Nonproliferation and Arms Control
National Technical Nuclear Forensics R&D
Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation R&D
Nonproliferation Construction
Total, Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation Programs
Nuclear Counterterrorism and Incident Response
Legacy Contractor Pensions
Use of Prior Year Balances
Subtotal, Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation
Prior Year Balance Rescission
Total, Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation

FY 2019
EnactedFY 2020
EnactedFY 2021
RequestFY 2021 Request vsFY 2020 Enacted$%

293,794
407,108
129,703
0575,570
220,000
1,626,175
319,185
28,640-25,000
1,949,000-19,000
1,930,000

363,533
442,909140,000
0533,163
299,000
1,778,605
372,095
13,70002,164,400
02,164,400

400,711400,480
138,708
40,000531,651
148,589
1,660,139
377,513
14,348-21,000
2,031,000
02,031,000+37,178-42,429-1,292+40,000-1,512-150,411-118,466+5,418+648-21,000-133,400
0-133,400+10.2%
-9.6%
-0.9%
N/A
-0.3%
-50.3%
-6.7%
+1.5%
+4.7%
N/A
-6.2%
N/A
-6.2%

Appropriation Overview
The National Nuclear Security Administration’s (NNSA) nonproliferation, counterproliferation, and counterterrorism
activities extend the nation’s defenses far beyond America’s borders. These programs contribute to keeping the UnitedStates safe by preventing adversaries from acquiring nuclear weapons or weapons-usable materials, technology, andexpertise; countering efforts to acquire such weapons or materials; and responding to nuclear or radiological incidents andaccidents domestically and abroad. NNSA shares knowledge, accrued through the United States’ long experience inmanaging special nuclear materials, with partners around the world to achieve international nonproliferation and nuclear
security goals. NNSA uses the unique technical and scientific knowledge that underpins the Stockpile Stewardship Programfor a range of nonproliferation missions, from assessing foreign weapons programs and potential terrorist devices tomanaging the proliferation risks posed by civil nuclear applications. By limiting the number of nuclear-capable states andpreventing terrorist access to materials and technology that can threaten the United States and allies, NNSA plays a criticalrole in enhancing global stability and constrains the range of potential threats facing the nation, our allies, and partners.
This appropriation funds five existing programs and a new National Technical Nuclear Forensics initiative. These six
programs, as part of a whole-of-government approach, provide policy and technical leadership to prevent or limit the
spread of weapons of mass destruction (WMD)-related materials, technology, and expertise; develop technologies todetect nuclear proliferation; secure or eliminate inventories of nuclear weapons-related materials and infrastructure; andensure that technically trained emergency management personnel are available to respond to nuclear and radiologicalincidents and accidents domestically and overseas. As part of the Department of Energy’s (DOE) emergency response
posture, Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation (DNN) maintains that a worldwide interoperable, secure, and trusted emergency
communications infrastructure in place, in addition to maintaining the health of Emergency Management programs acrossthe DOE.
DNN’s mission is complementary to Defense Programs’ Stockpile Stewardship Program at NNSA. Together, the programs
form the basis of providing a strong nuclear defense, as called for in the 2018 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR). The 2017
National Security Strategy (NSS) and NPR reinforce the important work of NNSA’s nonproliferation programs, including
committing to “augment measures to secure, eliminate, and prevent the spread of WMD and related materials.” These
activities are carried out within a dynamic global security environment, as described in NNSA’s annual report Prevent,Counter, and Respond–A Strategic Plan to Reduce Global Nuclear Threats a and in the Office of Defense Nuclear
Nonproliferation’s Strategic Vision for FY 2020 – FY 2024.

a https://www.energy.gov/nnsa/downloads/prevent-counter-and-respond-strategic-plan-reduce-global-nuclear-threats-npcr

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This environment is characterized by the persistent threat of state and non-state actors seeking to obtain nuclear andradioactive materials; state actors potentially undermining arms control agreements to which the United States is adherent;
and nonproliferation regimes. There is also an increased risk of the availability of nuclear and radioactive materials as aresult of the global expansion of commercial nuclear power and possible spread of fuel cycle technology, increased
opportunities for illicit nuclear material trafficking and sophisticated procurement networks, and technology advances(including cyber-related tools) that may shorten nuclear weapon development timelines and complicate nuclear safeguards
and security missions.
Program Highlights• Material Management and Minimization (M3)M3 programs minimize and, when possible, eliminate weapons-usable nuclear material around the world to achieve
permanent threat reduction. The Request supports the conversion or shutdown of research reactors and isotope
production facilities that use highly enriched uranium (HEU), the continued support of non-HEU-based Molybdenum-99(Mo-99) production facilities in the United States, the removal and disposal of weapons-usable nuclear material, thecontinuation of activities to expedite the removal of plutonium from the state of South Carolina and implement thedilute and dispose strategy for plutonium disposition, and costs to downblend HEU.
• Global Material Security (GMS)
GMS directly contributes to national security efforts to reduce global nuclear security threats. The FY 2021 Budget
Request supports programs to prevent terrorists and other actors from obtaining nuclear and radioactive material to use
in an improvised nuclear device (IND) or a radiological dispersal device (RDD) by working with partner countries toimprove the security of vulnerable materials and facilities and to improve partners’ capacity to detect, disrupt, andinvestigate illicit trafficking of these materials. GMS works with countries in bilateral partnerships and with multilateral
partners such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and International Criminal Police Organization(INTERPOL). As part of an ongoing strategic analysis process, GMS is also exploring innovative approaches, technologies,
and tools to adapt to emerging threats. GMS supports national security priorities to reduce global nuclear security
threats, and is a key component of NNSA’s integrated nonproliferation, counterterrorism, and emergency response
strategies.
•

Nonproliferation and Arms Control (NPAC)
NPAC supports activities to prevent the proliferation of WMD by state and non-state actors. The Request supports
efforts to develop and implement programs and strategies to strengthen international nuclear safeguards; control the
spread of dual-use WMD material, equipment, technology, and expertise; verify nuclear reductions and compliance with
nonproliferation and arms control treaties and agreements; and address enduring and emerging nonproliferation andarms control challenges and opportunities.

•

National Technical Nuclear Forensics Research and Development (NTNF R&D)-New Initiative
NTNF R&D develops and maintains advanced technical nuclear forensics analysis capabilities at the National
Laboratories that can support time-critical decisions in the event of a nuclear or radiological incident and assist in
determining the origin of interdicted materials or devices. NNSA uses this expertise at the National Laboratories tomaintain a field response capability in the event of an incident requiring nuclear forensics analysis capabilities. The
Request also supports the establishment of this program in FY 2021 as NNSA takes on a more active leadership role in
NTNF.

•

Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation Research and Development (DNN R&D)
DNN R&D is the key component for the innovation of United States’ technical capabilities to detect nuclear detonations;foreign nuclear weapons programs’ activities; and the presence, movement, or diversion of special nuclear materials. To
meet national and departmental nuclear security requirements, DNN R&D uses the unique facilities and scientific skills
of DOE, academia, and industry to perform research, conduct technology demonstrations, develop prototypes, andproduce and deliver sensors for integration into operational systems. The Request supports planned activities for early
detection of proliferation-related R&D and continued production of nuclear detonation detection satellite payloads.
The Request also supports continued efforts establishing a nonproliferation stewardship initiative to build and sustain

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requisite technical competencies, based on enabling infrastructure, science and technology, and workforce expertise,that are needed to meet future nonproliferation goals and unanticipated threats.
•

Nonproliferation Construction (supports Material Management and Minimization)
Nonproliferation Construction consolidates construction costs for DNN projects. The Request supports theimplementation of the dilute and dispose strategy, with the continuation of preliminary design for the Surplus
Plutonium Disposition (SPD) project, as well continuation of early site preparations and long lead procurements. The
SPD project will add additional glovebox capacity at the Savannah River Site to accelerate plutonium dilution and aid in
the removal of plutonium from the state of South Carolina. With use of available prior year balances, termination
activities for the Mixed Oxide Fuel Fabrication Facility (MOX) project will be completed in FY 2021.

•

Nuclear Counterterrorism and Incident Response Program (NCTIR)The NCTIR program sustains the United States’ nuclear counterterrorism activities and operational nuclear incident andaccident response capabilities, while supporting DOE’s all-hazards emergency management system. The
Counterterrorism and Counterproliferation (CTCP) subprogram provides the nation’s technical capability to understandand defeat nuclear devices, including INDs and lost or stolen foreign nuclear weapons. This knowledge in turn informs
United States Government policies, agencies, and key Department of Defense mission partners on terrorist andproliferant state nuclear threats and related contingency planning. In support of this mission, the FY 2021 Request for
NCTIR supports programs to strategically manage and deploy expert scientific teams and equipment to provide atechnically trained, rapid response to nuclear or radiological incidents and accidents worldwide and to educateinternational partners to effectively respond to nuclear or radiological incidents in their countries.
Additionally, NCTIR operates the DOE/NNSA’s Emergency Operations (EO) subprogram which administers and directs
the implementation and integration of emergency management programs across the Department. EO develops,
coordinates, issues, and administers all DOE and NNSA emergency management policy, technical guidance and support.
EO implements, manages, and coordinates readiness assurance, training, and exercise programs to ensure the DOE is
prepared to respond and recover from all-hazards emergencies. EO executes DOE and NNSA Continuity of Operations,Continuity of Government, and Enduring Constitutional Government programs to advance the National Continuity
Policy. EO provides 24/7/365 operations and communications support for DOE/NNSA Emergency Management
Enterprise and senior leadership.

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NAVAL REACTORS – NNSA($K)

Naval Reactors
Naval Reactors Development
Columbia-Class Reactors Systems Development
S8G Prototype Refueling
Naval Reactors Operations and Infrastructure
Program Direction
Construction
Total, Naval Reactors a

FY 2019
EnactedFY 2020
EnactedFY 2021
RequestFY 2021 Request vsFY 2020 Enacted$%

514,951
138,000
250,000
525,764
48,709311,194
1,788,618

516,20575,500170,000
553,591
50,500282,600
1,648,396

590,306
64,700135,000
506,294
53,700334,000
1,684,000+74,101-10,800-35,000-47,297+3,200+51,400+35,604+14.4%-14.3%-20.6%-8.5%+6.3%+18.2%+2.2%

Appropriation Overview
The Naval Reactors (NR) appropriation includes funding for activities that respond directly to the National Security Strategyof the United States, and are central to the Department of Energy’s (DOE) and the National Nuclear Security
Administration’s pursuit of its Strategic Vision goal of Nuclear Security. Specifically, NR is responsible for U.S. Navy nuclear
propulsion work, beginning with reactor plant technology development and design, continuing through reactor plant
operation and maintenance, and ending with final disposition of naval spent nuclear fuel.
Program Highlights
Funding for the program supports continued safe and reliable operation of the Navy's nuclear-powered fleet (68submarines, 11 aircraft carriers, and 4 research, development, and training platforms), constituting over 40 percent of the
Navy's major combatants. The Program's development work consists of refining and improving existing technology toensure that the U.S. Navy's nuclear propulsion plants are increasingly efficient and effective and will be capable of meeting
future threats to national security.
In addition to supporting the existing nuclear fleet, NR has three major DOE initiatives—the Columbia-Class Reactor System
Development, the Land-based S8G Prototype Refueling Overhaul, and the Spent Fuel Handling Recapitalization Project.
NR supports the National Security Strategy with the continued development of the reactor plant system for the ColumbiaClass submarine and stewardship of naval nuclear infrastructure. Ensuring the continuity of a sea-based strategic deterrent,
the President’s Budget Request provides for the research, design, and development of the reactor plant system for the
Columbia-Class submarine, to include the development of a life-of-ship reactor core. The budget further provides funding
for the refueling and overhaul of the Land-based S8G Prototype reactor, a critical research and development asset for the
long-term. The Spent Fuel Handling Recapitalization Project will also support the capability to refuel and defuel aircraft
carriers and submarines, which is critical to maintaining the nuclear fleet's operational availability for national security
missions.
•

Naval Reactors Operations and Infrastructure
The FY 2021 Request supports facility and systems maintenance and regulatory requirements across the Program’s four
DOE sites, environmental remediation, and necessary general plant projects to recapitalize aging infrastructure andequipment.

•

Naval Reactors Development
The FY 2021 Budget Request supports the Advanced Test Reactor at the Idaho National Laboratory, reactor corematerial development, radioactive test and evaluation efforts, and reactor core examinations.

a Funding does not reflect the mandated transfer of $85.5 million in FY 2019 and $88.5 million in FY 2020 to the Office of Nuclear Energy for operationof the Advanced Test Reactor.

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•

S8G Prototype Refueling
The funding decrease reflects the project’s revised funding profile. This profile extends into 2022 to reflect expected
delays to completion since the last budget request.

•

Columbia-Class Reactor Systems Development
The decrease from FY 2020 is consistent with the planned project profile and supports FY 2021 production, analysis,
and testing execution.

•

Construction
The increase from FY 2020 supports additional resources aligned to the FY 2020 Spent Fuel Handling Recapitalization
Project Performance Baseline Revision.

•

Program Direction
The FY 2021 Request places NR in a position to execute its mission and provide federal oversight of the program’s DOE
laboratories.

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DEPARTMENTAL ADMINISTRATION($K)
FY 2019
EnactedDepartmental Administration
Office of the Secretary
Congressional & Intergovernmental Affairs
Use of Prior Year Balances
Chief Financial Officer
Economic Impact & Diversity
International Affairs
Artificial Intelligence and Technology Office
Chief Information Officer
Subtotal, DA
Other Departmental Administration
Management
Project Management Oversight and Assessments
Chief Human Capital Officer
Office of Small & Disadvantaged Business Utilization
General Counsel
Office of Policy
Use of Prior Year BalancesInternational Affairs
Public Affairs
Office of Technology Transitions

FY 2020
EnactedFY 2021
RequestFY 2021 Request vsFY 2020 Enacted
$

%

5,395
6,200
-2,00048,912
10,16900131,624
200,300

5,119
4,395
0
52,00010,16926,8252,500
140,200
241,208

5,582
5,616
0
53,5919,931
0
0134,778
209,498+463+1,2210+1,591-238-26,825-2,500-5,422-31,710+9.0%+27.8%
N/A

55,38515,005
26,125
3,170
33,075
10,010-7,50022,8786,594
8,505

54,35812,59624,316
3,337
32,575
7,000
0
0
4,000
14,08057,25815,577
26,191
3,402
35,111
7,631
0
0
5,954
12,639+2,900+2,981+1,875+65+2,536+631
0
0+1,954-1,441+5.3%+23.7%
+7.7%
+1.9%
+7.8%
+9.0%
N/A
N/A

Subtotal, Other DA

173,247

152,262

163,763+11,501+7.6%

Strategic Partnership Projects (SPP)

40,00040,00040,0000413,547-151,689
261,858

433,470-179,092
254,378

413,261-183,789
229,472-20,209-4,697-24,906

0.0%
-4.7%
+2.6%
-9.8%

-40,000-56,000-96,000
165,858-40,000-53,378-93,378
161,000-40,000-53,378-93,378
136,094000-24,906

0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
-15.5%

Total, Departmental Administration (Gross)
Defense-Related Administrative Support (DRAS)
Subtotal, Departmental Administration
Miscellaneous Revenues
Revenues Associated with SPP
Other Revenues
Subtotal, Miscellaneous Revenues
Total, Departmental Administration (Net)

+3.1%
-2.3%
N/A
N/A
-3.9%
-13.1%+48.9%-10.2%

Appropriation Overview
The Departmental Administration (DA) appropriation funds 13 management and mission support functional organizations thathave enterprise-wide responsibility for administration, accounting, budgeting, contract and project management, human resourcesmanagement, congressional and intergovernmental liaison, energy policy, information management, life-cycle asset management,
legal services, workforce diversity, equal employment opportunity, ombudsman services, small business advocacy, sustainability,
technology transition activities, and public affairs.
The DA appropriation also budgets for Strategic Partnership Projects (SPP) of expenses and collections resulting in a net offset, andreceives Miscellaneous Revenues from other sources. Additionally, the DA appropriation receives funding from the Other Defense
Activities (ODA) appropriation, Defense-Related Administrative Support (DRAS), used to offset expenses within the DA
appropriation that support defense-funded administrative support activities at DOE.

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Program Highlights
In FY 2021, the overall decrease for the DA appropriation can be attributed to the Office of International Affairs and theArtificial Intelligence and Technology Office being requested under a separate appropriation.
In FY 2021, DA program increases are intended to strengthen enterprise-wide management and mission support functions.
Highlights include:•

Office of the Secretary (OSE): Funding will support leadership and policy direction at the Department. In FY 2021,
additional funding is being requested to support an arctic energy coordinator position at the Department.

•

Office of the Chief Financial Officer (CFO): Funding will continue to support the effective management and financial
integrity of DOE programs, activities and resources by developing, implementing, and monitoring DOE-wide policies andsystems in budget formulation and execution, finance and accounting, internal controls and financial policy, corporate
financial systems, and strategic planning. In FY 2021, CFO is requesting additional funds for the Program Management
Improvement and Accountability Act (PMIAA) functions, which include staff transferring from the Office of Enterprise
Assessments.

•

Office of the Chief Information Officer (OCIO): Funding will support the President’s Management Agenda priorities of
IT Modernization, Cybersecurity, and Accountability and Transparency. Modernizing DOE’s IT infrastructure, services,and operations to a level consistent with the capacity, flexibility, and resiliency required of a modern, secure enterpriseis a priority in this budget. The proposed modernization initiatives included in the FY 2021 budget request will continue
to reduce cybersecurity risk through improved cybersecurity technology, scale capacity commensurate with demand,and establish IT enterprise capabilities allowing for commercial/managed service implementation of IT services withengineered and inherent cybersecurity capabilities.

•

Project Management Oversight and Assessments (PM): Funding will support leadership and policy direction to DOE. In FY
2021, additional funding is being requested to enhance the department’s capability to address GAO high-risk concerns for the
management of capital asset projects, per PM’s responsibilities under PMIAA.

•

Office for Human Capital (HC): Funding will support current operational levels and maintain HC’s customer service mission.
The FY 2021 request includes funding to support improvements and enhancements of HR IT systems, to include transitioning
to a fully integrated IT platform and developing a dashboard to leverage data and analytics to improve efficiencies in services aswell as customer communications.

•

General Counsel (GC): Funding will support staffing levels necessary to provide legal services to all DOE program offices. In FY
2021, GC is requesting additional funds for an intellectual property (IP) information system, which will allow GC to manage theinvention and patent information and data, and utilize such information to provide effective legal services to Departmental
elements.

•

Office of Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs (CI): Funding will support staff operational levels in the program, as
carryover balances will be largely depleted by FY 2021.

•

Office of Policy (OP): OP serves as the principal policy office advising the Secretary of Energy. On January 28, 2020, theSecretary of Energy announced that OP will be restructured to the Office of Strategic Planning and Policy (OSPP) as a direct
report to the Office of the Secretary. OSPP will provide a more efficient and effective approach to the analysis, formulation,
development, and advancement of all policy within the Department. DOE will provide additional information on the
restructuring once implementation plans are finalized.

•

Office of Technology Transitions (OTT): Funding will support OTT’s statutory requirements, allow OTT to effectively operate
the Tech-to-Market functions consolidated in OTT in FY 2018, and enable OTT to effectively interface with DOE R&D programs,
National Laboratories, and external stakeholders. The FY 2021 Request includes an increase in FTEs to allow OTT to fulfill
Congressional and Administration direction to increase Departmental engagement for the transition of new and emerging
technologies to the U.S. markets.

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OFFICE($K)
FY 2019
EnactedArtificial Intelligence and Technology OfficeTotal, Artificial Intelligence and Technology Office1

FY 2020
Enacted1

0
0

2,500
2,500

FY 2021
Request

4,912
4,912

FY 2021 Request vsFY 2020 Enacted
$
%
2,412
+2,412+96.48%+96.48%For FY 2020 AITO was funded within the Departmental Administration accountAppropriation Overview
The Artificial Intelligence and Technology Office (AITO) was created on September 5th, 2019, to serve as the Department’s hub forthe development, coordination and execution of the agency’s efforts as a world-leading enterprise in scientific and technologicaldiscovery and to accelerate the development, delivery, and adoption, of AI. AITO will serve as the central body responsible forcoordinating and overseeing DOE’s AI efforts. AITO will engage programs, functional offices, sites, and associated National
Laboratories in the development and oversight of funded AI projects for transparency and shared learning. AITO will lead
Department-wide efforts to evaluate the scope and effectiveness of DOE’s AI programs and identify gaps that are not being
addressed. AITO will develop and lead collaborative solutions across the Department that support the missions of DOE’s programs
and capitalize on the expertise across the agency.
Program Highlights
In FY 2021, AITO will focus on the Department’s AI activities, to include: the development and delivery of innovative AI hardware,
software and approaches that can advance DOE goals; the identification and acceleration of AI workforce development solutions;the identification of gaps within current mission relevant operations to support the Secretary’s vision; and, the development ofinteragency and international collaborations to enhance the research, application and adoption of AI technologies.
In FY 2021, AITO will build on its foundation by hiring additional staff to support execution of its cross-cutting mission. AITO willorganize and lead working groups and committees, in partnership with other entities, to determine DOE AI priority issues. AITO willserve as the focal point for communicating the central role DOE holds in the development of AI and enabling technologies to bothinternal and external audiences, including Congress, industry stakeholders and international partners through workshops, interagency coordination and private sector engagement. AITO will serve as DOE’s AI center to build, strengthen, and expand strategic
multi-sector partnerships with the private sector, academia, national laboratories, other agencies, international partners andentities in ways that support U.S. competitiveness in AI. In FY 2021, AITO will institutionalize the AI Exchange (AIX) database as avital tool to enhance the cross-cutting benefits of AI, to replicate successful AI solutions and to eliminate duplication ofefforts.

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OFFICE OF ENTERPRISE ASSESSMENTS($ K)

Office of Enterprise Assessments
Enterprise Assessments
Program Direction
Total, Office of Enterprise Assessments

FY 2019
EnactedFY 2020
EnactedFY 2021
RequestFY 2021 Request vs.
FY 2020 Enacted$%

24,06852,702
76,77024,06854,711
78,77926,94954,635
81,584+2,881-76+2,805

+12%
+0%
+3.5%

Appropriation Overview
The Office of Enterprise Assessments (EA) supports the Department’s mission priorities and strategic plan for the secure,safe, and efficient operation of the Department’s science and energy research, and environmental cleanup activities, andnuclear weapons complex by conducting independent assessments of security and safety performance throughout the
Department, taking enforcement action for contractor violations of security and safety regulations, and providing training
programs that institutionalize enterprise security and safety lessons learned. EA activities complement, although do not
replace, the responsibility of DOE line management for compliance with security and safety requirements to manage theDepartment’s programs effectively.
EA is organizationally independent of the DOE entities that develop and implement security and safety policy and programsand therefore is more able to provide objective and timely information to DOE senior leadership, contractor organizations,and other entities on the methods to appropriately protect national security material and information assets; and whether
Departmental operations provide for the safety of its employees and the public. EA activities evaluate the Department’s
effectiveness in promoting protection strategies that are based on informed risk management decisions. EA is designated to
implement Congressionally authorized contractor enforcement programs pertaining to classified information security,
nuclear safety, and worker safety and health. EA also operates the DOE National Training Center (NTC) in Albuquerque,
New Mexico, to enhance the proficiency and competency of the Department's security and safety personnel.
Program Highlights
Strengthening the Department’s posture and ability to protect national security assets (special nuclear material [SNM],
controlled unclassified information, and classified matter), its employees and the public by:• Conducting comprehensive independent security performance assessments and follow-up assessments at DOE
National Security / Category I SNM sites (those with high value assets), using limited notice safeguards and security
performance tests to provide accurate, up-to-date assessments of DOE site security response capabilities; andevaluating actions to detect insider threats from individuals who may seek to compromise National security and/or theability of the Department to meet its mission;• Increasing the number of assessments performed and enhancing the methods and tools used to conduct
comprehensive independent cybersecurity assessments, including unannounced red team performance testing, toidentify vulnerabilities in the Department’s National Security, Intelligence, scientific, and other information systems
against external and internal attacks;• Conducting nuclear safety, worker safety and health, and emergency management independent performanceassessments of the Department’s operations including high hazard nuclear construction projects and operations suchas those at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Y-12 National Security Complex, Savannah River Site, Hanford Site, andIdaho National Laboratory;• Enhancing the effectiveness of the DOE enforcement function that holds contractor organizations accountable fornoncompliance with worker safety and health, nuclear safety, and classified information security regulations; and• Developing and providing training programs that promote the competency and proficiency of DOE federal andcontractor employees and performing other related functions via the DOE National Training Center in Albuquerque,NM, that institutionalize security and safety data analytics and safety lessons learned in support of DOE security andsafety performance.

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OFFICE OF HEARINGS AND APPEALS

Office of Hearings and Appeals
Office of Hearings and Appeals
Subtotal, Office of Hearings and Appeals
Use of Prior Year Balances
Total, Office of Hearings and Appeals

FY 2019
EnactedFY 2020
Enacted

5,739
5,739
-2,000
3,739

4,852
4,852
4,852

FY 2021
RequestFY 2021 Request vsFY 2020 Enacted
$

%

4,262
4,262

-590
-590

-12%
-12%

4,262

-590

-12%

Appropriation Overview
Office of Hearings and Appeals (OHA) is the central administrative adjudicatory body for the Department of Energy. OHA’s
jurisdiction includes conducting evidentiary hearings to determine an employee’s eligibility for a security clearance,
Freedom of Information Act and Privacy Act appeals, and requests for exception relief from DOE regulations and orders,such as regulatory relief from the appliance energy efficiency standards. OHA also offers alternative dispute resolution
services such as mediation for a variety of matters. To reduce travel and other costs OHA uses video teleconferencing toconduct hearings at DOE field sites.
Program Highlights
Over the last nine years, OHA has reduced its case-processing time in all areas of jurisdiction without compromising thehigh quality of decisions. The Request supports salaries and benefits for 22 FTEs operating in OHA’s Personnel Security andAppeals Division, Employee Protection and Exceptions Division, and the Alternative Dispute Resolution Office.

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OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERALFY 2019
Enacted
Office of the Inspector General
Office of the Inspector General
Total, Office of the Inspector General

51,33051,330FY 2020
Enacted54,21554,215($K)
FY 2021
Request57,73957,739FY 2021 Request vsFY 2020 Enacted%$+3,524+3,524

+6.5%
+6.5%

Appropriation Overview
The Office of the Inspector General (OIG) reviews the integrity, economy, and efficiency of DOE programs and operations, including
the National Nuclear Security Administration and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. The OIG has the authority to inquire
into all DOE programs and activities as well as related activities. Audits, inspections, investigations, and other reviews are used todetect and prevent fraud, waste, abuse, and violations of the law.
The Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2014 directs the OIG to conduct an annual evaluation of DOE’s information
security systems. The OIG is also charged with reviewing the Department’s efforts to eliminate improper payments, inconformance with the Improper Payments Elimination and Recovery Act of 2010. The OIG routinely conducts reviews of the mostsignificant management challenges facing the Department, to include its Environmental Management programs. In addition, theOIG addresses alleged violations of law that impact Department programs, operations, facilities, and personnel.
Program Highlights
The OIG focuses its efforts to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of Department’s programs and operations in thefollowing key areas:• Hotline Allegations. The OIG uses hotline allegations to identify potential areas of fraud, waste, and abuse.
• Contractor Whistleblower Retaliation. OIG conducts reviews of alleged contractor whistleblower retaliation that serve to
inform health and safety issues throughout the Department.
• Contract Review. OIG assesses the Department’s award and administration of approximately $32 billion in contracts.
Recent OIG work has resulted in sizeable settlements of approximately $360 million by subcontractors in FY 2019.
• Cybersecurity Oversight Efforts. The OIG frequently partners with other agencies to address attacks impacting DOE.
• NNSA Modernization Efforts. NNSA is undertaking a massive modernization effort that involves major projects (e.g.,
weapons complex transformation) that could benefit from OIG reviews that proactively seek to identify opportunities
to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of such operations.
• Environmental Management. The Department’s environmental liability of $505 billion remained on the Government
Accountability Office’s Biennial High Risk List in 2019. The OIG routinely reviews the efficacy of the Department’s
environmental programs, which annually expend approximately $6.5 million.
• Mission Support Costs. OIG assists in identifying potential costs savings in areas such as the estimated $5.9 billion
spent each year on National Laboratory support costs.
• Cost Accounting Standards (CAS). OIG provides reviews of DOE’s contractors’ incurred costs and compliance with CAS.
• Data Analytics Program. OIG will continue to expand its data collection and analysis efforts by establishing a centralized secure
enclave to store and access data. The Data Analytics Program will use this data to identify trends or indications of fraud. The
transition to GovCloud environment will increase collaboration, reduce analytical cycle time, and increase cyber investigative
capability.
• Office of Investigations Specific. The OIG will establish a Tech Operations Directorate for acquiring and deploying
technology in support of investigations. This includes deploying software to increase information sharing andcollaboration within the department of other federal agencies. The OIG will initiate discussions with Department sites
to determine viability for opening four new offices. The OIG will also add an additional Special Assistant U.S. Attorney
to increase criminal prosecutions.
• Office of Audits Specific. OIG’s Audit and Data Analytics’ team will continue to perform Focused Audits to test thereliability of the Cooperative Audit Strategy and the path forward for audits performed on contract costs. Increase its
workload on the oversight and review of contractor and subcontractor costs.
• Office of Inspections Specific. OIG’s Inspection team will continue to focus on allegations received from OIG’s Hotline,
special inquiries raised by Congress or senior departmental officials and performance issues. Continue to expand thecontractor whistleblower investigative capability and ensure compliance with 41 USC 4712, requiring OIGs toinvestigate whistleblower retaliation allegations.

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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRSFY 2019
EnactedInternational Affairs
Departmental Administration
International Affairs
Other Departmental Administration
International Affairs
International Affairs
Program Direction
Program Support
Total, International Affairs($K)
FY 2021
RequestFY 2020
EnactedFY 2021 Request vsFY 2020 Enacted$%

026,825

0-26,825

N/A

22,878

0

0

0

N/A

0
0
22,8780026,82522,575
10,38432,959+22,575+10,384+6,134

N/A
N/A
+23%

Appropriation Overview
The Office of the International Affairs (IA) advises Departmental leadership on strategic implementation of U.S. internationalenergy policy, in line with energy security and market objectives. IA develops and leads the Department's bilateral and multilateralengagements, including R&D cooperation, investment, and trade activities with other nations and international agencies, andrepresents the Department and the United States Government in interagency processes, intergovernmental forums, and bilateraland multilateral proceedings that address energy policies, strategies and objectives. IA leads Department efforts to fulfill
requirements of the Committee of Foreign Investment in the U.S. (CFIUS), including the expanded responsibilities and authorities
under the Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act (FIRRMA) of 2018.
Program Highlights
In FY 2021, IA is funded under a new, separate appropriation to increase transparency and reflect the need for multi-year funding
for programmatic activities.
IA’s key initiatives in FY 2021 include:• Fully supporting the U.S.-Israel Energy Center of Excellence and the Israel-U.S. Binational Industrial Research andDevelopment (BIRD Foundation) Energy Program;• Meeting current and evolving challenges arising from foreign acquisitions of U.S. businesses, foreign exploitation ofcertain investment structures, and implementation of FIRRMA;• Promoting market opportunities for U.S. energy and technology exports of all types globally;• Providing technical assistance to policy makers and stakeholders with the resources and technical tools to develop anddeploy clean, reliable, and innovative energy solutions of all kinds in support of U.S. global energy, economic, andenvironmental goals;• Continuing to perform international energy-sector work, on a reimbursable basis, on behalf of the Department of Stateand the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), such as the U.S.-China Clean Energy ResearchCenter, the U.S. China Climate Change Working Group, Power Africa, Climate Renewable and Efficiency Deployment
Initiative, Partnership for Resilient Infrastructure Investment in Pacific Island Countries, Capacity for Low-Emission
Development Strategies Program, Clean Energy Initiatives, Economic Development and Emission Reductions,Sustainable Energy Supplied to the Economy, and the Clean Energy Cooperation; and• Increasing engagement with key international partners through multilateral organizations.

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ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY–ENERGY($K)

334,750
31,250390,000
35,000021,256

FY 2021 Request vsFY 2020 Enacted%$-390,000-100%-13,744-39%

366,000

425,000

21,256-403,744

-95%

0

0

-332,000-332,000

N/A

366,000

425,000-310,744-735,744-173%

FY 2020
EnactedFY 2019
Enacted
ARPA-E Projects
Program Direction
Subtotal, Advanced Research Projects
Agency - Energy
Cancelation of Prior Year ARPA-E
Project Funds
Total, Advanced Research Projects
Agency - Energy

FY 2021
RequestAppropriation Overview
As defined by its authorization under the America COMPETES Act, the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy(ARPA- E) catalyzes transformational energy technologies to enhance the economic and energy security of the UnitedStates. ARPA-E funds high-potential, high-impact energy projects that are too risky to attract private sector investment that
could though significantly advance the ways we generate, store, distribute and use energy. ARPA-E has developed a uniqueapproach to federally funded technology development, and the Budget aims to adopt aspects of that approach to otheroffices within DOE’s research and development organization rather than maintain an independent ARPA-E office.
Specifically, the FY 2021 Budget proposes to eliminate ARPA-E while incorporating APRA-E’s approach to technology
development into the execution of applied energy office Small Business Innovation Research / Small Business Technology
Transfer (SBIR/STTR) program funding.
ARPA-E focuses on energy technologies that can be meaningfully advanced with a targeted investment over a defined
period of time. ARPA-E’s rigorous program design, competitive project selection process, and hands-on engagement, ensure
thoughtful expenditures while empowering America’s energy researchers with funding, technical assistance, and market
awareness.
Program Highlights
The FY 2021 Budget Request eliminates ARPA-E due to:•••

The FY 2021 budget proposal includes no additional appropriations for ARPA-E projects and requests thecancellation of $332 million of unobligated balances.
$21.256 million is requested for program direction to support close-out activities and oversight of existing projects.
The SBIR/STTR Program Office will adopt best practices and lessons learned from ARPA-E to execute SBIR/STTR
funds transferred from the applied programs in FY 2021.

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FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)
Just and Reasonable Rates, Terms and Conditions
Safe, Reliable, and Secure Infrastructure
Mission Support through Organizational Excellence
FERC Revenues
Subtotal, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
Fees and Recoveries in Excess of Annual Appropriations
Total, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

FY 2019
EnactedFY 2020
Enacted($K)
FY 2021
Request170,454
130,347
69,099-369,9000-16,000-16,000

176,468
132,286
73,246-382,0000-16,000-16,000

182,261
142,757
79,332-404,350
0-9,000-9,000FY 2021 Request vsFY 2020 Enacted$%+5,793+10,471+6,086-22,3500+7,000+7,000

+3.3%
+7.9%
+8.3%
-5.9%
N/A
+43.8%+43.8%

Appropriation Overview
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC or the Commission) is an independent agency within the Department ofEnergy (DOE) that regulates the transmission and wholesale sale of electricity and gas in interstate commerce, andregulates the transportation of oil by pipelines in interstate commerce. FERC also reviews proposals to build interstate
natural gas pipelines, natural gas storage projects, and liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals, and licenses and inspects nonFederal hydropower projects. The Commission protects the reliability and cybersecurity of the Nation’s bulk-power systemthrough the establishment and enforcement of mandatory reliability standards and oversees environmental mattersrelated to natural gas pipeline and non-Federal hydro projects. The Commission enforces regulatory requirements throughthe imposition of civil penalties and other means.
FERC’s mission is to assist consumers in obtaining economically efficient, safe, reliable, and secure energy services at areasonable cost through appropriate regulatory and market means, and collaborative efforts. FERC seeks that rates, terms,
and conditions of jurisdictional service are just, reasonable, and not unduly discriminatory or preferential, relying oncompetitive markets where appropriate. Through its oversight and enforcement authorities, FERC seeks to increase
compliance with rules and regulations and detect and deter market manipulation. FERC’s responsibilities also include
promoting the development of safe, reliable, and secure energy infrastructure that serves the public interest.
Program Highlights• Ensure Just and Reasonable Rates, Terms, and Conditions
One of the Commission's fundamental statutory responsibilities is to ensure that rates, terms and conditions forwholesale sales and transmission of electric energy and natural gas in interstate commerce, as well as fortransportation of oil by pipeline in interstate commerce, are just and reasonable and not unduly discriminatory or
preferential. To fulfill this responsibility, the Commission uses a combination of market and regulatory means,complemented by oversight and enforcement measures. The Commission carries out this responsibility by issuingorders and establishing rules and policies that continually balance two important interests: protecting energy
consumers against excessive rates, and providing an opportunity for regulated entities to recover their costs and earn areasonable return on their investments. For example, the Commission seeks to improve the competitiveness oforganized wholesale electric markets, which in turn encourages entry of new resources, spurs innovation anddeployment of new technologies, improves operating performance, and exerts downward pressure on costs. Anotherexample of the Commission's use of market and regulatory means in support of this goal is found in the Commission's
requirements for public utility transmission providers to participate in an open and transparent regional transmission
planning process. In addition, the Commission approves cost-based, and where appropriate, market-based rates for theinterstate transportation of natural gas and oil on jurisdictional pipelines, and for the interstate transmission, andwholesale sales of electric energy. The Commission also reviews proposed mergers and other transactions in theelectric industry to ensure that these proposals will not harm the public interest.

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FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication

Oversight, surveillance and enforcement are essential complements to the Commission’s approach to ensure that
rates, terms, and conditions of service are just and reasonable and not unduly discriminatory or preferential. The
Commission conducts compliance audits, issues publicly available audit reports, and engages in formal and informal
outreach efforts to promote effective compliance programs. Audits are planned and prioritized using a risk-based
approach in order to maximize the impact of the Commission's resources. The Commission also conducts public andnon-public investigations of possible violations of the statutes, regulations, rules, orders, and tariffs administered by
the Commission. These investigations often rely upon oversight and surveillance that employ sophisticated technology
to monitor market behavior. When violations of sufficient seriousness are discovered, the Commission attempts toresolve the resulting investigation through settlement with appropriate sanctions and future compliance improvements
before initiating further enforcement proceedings.
•

Promote Safe, Reliable, and Secure Infrastructure
The Commission plays an important role in the development of energy infrastructure that operates safely and reliably.
One aspect of the Commission's role in energy infrastructure development stems from siting authority that includes
licensing non-federal hydropower projects, certificating interstate natural gas pipelines and storage projects,
authorizing liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities, and, in certain circumstances, permitting electric transmission lines.
With the rising demand for natural gas and hydropower comes increased infrastructure construction, making it all themore important that FERC oversee the private sector development of safe, reliable, and secure infrastructure in a waythat fosters economic and environmental benefits for the nation. The Commission reviews applications to construct,
operate, or modify natural gas and hydropower infrastructure by ensuring that facilities are constructed and operated
in compliance with the conditions of FERC orders. The Commission must respond to energy infrastructure applications
with timely and well-reasoned decisions that balance a range of factors such as competing interests, legal
requirements, and environmental impacts. The Commission encourages, and sometimes requires, project proponents
to engage in early involvement with state and federal agencies, Indian tribes, affected landowners and the public. The
Commission’s request provides continued funding for program contracts associated with statutorily required workload
associated with hydropower and natural gas infrastructure, including environmental reviews, stakeholder engagement,
and construction oversight.
The Commission also has an important role in ensuring that energy infrastructure, once authorized, continues tooperate safely and reliably. FERC conducts timely safety reviews and inspections with rigorous requirements, thereby
advancing the safety of non-federal hydropower projects and LNG facilities throughout their entire life cycle. The
Commission relies on physical inspections for detecting and preventing potential catastrophic structural failures. In
regards to jurisdictional LNG facilities, the Commission conducts construction and operational inspections to ensurethat the facilities are constructed and operated in accordance with the conditions of Commission Orders, including
safety measures and plans. Inspections at both types of facilities protect the public against the risks associated withincidents at the facilities. The 2021 request includes increased funding to advance the Commission’s Part 12 inspection
program and reviews of operational LNG facilities.
The Commission also oversees the development and review of mandatory reliability and security standards for thebulk-power system, as well as compliance with these standards. FERC promotes the reliable operation of the bulkpower system through oversight of the electric reliability organization (ERO). A Commission-certified ERO develops andenforces mandatory Reliability Standards, subject to the Commission's oversight and approval. The Reliability
Standards address the planning and operation, as well as the cyber security and physical protection of the Nation’s
electric transmission grid. The Commission may also, upon its own motion or upon complaint, order the ERO to submit
a proposed reliability standard or a modification of an existing reliability standard that addresses a specific reliability
matter. To that end, the Commission incorporates performance data-driven, risk-informed decision making into its
reliability oversight. In addition, FERC provides leadership, expertise, and assistance in identifying, communicating anddeveloping comprehensive solutions to cyber and physical security risks to FERC-jurisdictional infrastructure. This isachieved through collaboration with federal and jurisdictional entities to identify, inform, assess, and address cyberand physical security threats and vulnerabilities, and to promote voluntary best practices that provide an importantcomplement to FERC’s related responsibilities for both regulatory requirements and enforcement. The Commission
engages with the owners and operators of key critical infrastructure facilities to identify and share threat information,
analyze system vulnerabilities, and assist with effective mitigation.

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FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication•Mission Support Through Organizational Excellence
The public interest is best served when the Commission operates in an efficient, responsive and transparent manner. The
Commission pursues this goal by maintaining processes and providing services in accordance with governing statutes,
authoritative guidance, and prevailing best practices. These processes and services help prioritize resource allocations, makeprudent investments that yield returns that directly benefit the agency’s mission and use Commission resources in an efficientmanner. The Commission also provides services, tools, and resources to equip employees to drive success and accomplish theagency’s mission. The Commission thus makes continued investments in its human capital, information technology (IT)resources, and physical infrastructure. The Commission allocates sixty-seven percent of its budget to directly cover thecompensation costs of its employees on an annual basis. The Commission continues to focus its human capital effortson the competencies and positions most affected by the challenges of new and emerging knowledge/skill demands andthe loss of institutional knowledge. The Commission’s overall IT infrastructure must meet the demands and keep pacewith the continual changes in the technology landscape; proactivity monitor and mitigate emerging cybersecurity
threats; and adhere to federal requirements. In 2021, the Commission will make additional investments to continue its
multi-year effort to update and modernize the Commission's information technology infrastructure and core mission
and support systems to maintain a secure and reliable IT infrastructure to meet the needs of the Commission andprovide innovative solutions to support employees. The Commission is also undergoing a multi-year renovation effort
within its headquarters building. The renovation project will enable the agency to realize significant space savings. The
2021 request includes approximately $9.1 million to cover construction costs to continue the modernization effort.
Facilitating understanding of how the Commission carries out its responsibilities and maintaining public trust in theCommission are important components of the Commission's commitment to organizational excellence. Trust andunderstanding increase acceptance of Commission decisions. The Commission achieves this by maintaining processes andpublic information services that promote transparency and open communication with respect to the conduct of theCommission's business. Through the use of the Commission's eLibrary and eSubscriptions web pages, the public can obtain
extensive information concerning documents both submitted to and issued by the Commission. The Commission also manages
several social media sites to promote transparency and open communication.

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FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justfication