1. Executive Summary
1.1 Overview of the SMILES mission
1.2 Scientific targets
1.3 SMILES observations
1.4 Launch schedule
1.5 Functional tests
1.6 Summary

JEM/SMILES Mission and History

Overview(JEM/SMILES: Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounderdesigned to be aboard the Japanese Experiment Module on ISS)

Collaboration project of JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency)
and NICT (National Institute of Information and Communications Technology)
to demonstrate superconductive mixer and 4-K
mechanical cooler for the submillimeter limb-emission
sounding in space and to observe atmospheric minorconstituents in the stratosphere
Apr. 1997: Selection as the ISS Japanese Experiment Module (JEM)
Exposed Facility 1st stage Utilization Mission
Dec. 1998: Mission Definite Review
Sep. 2001: Preliminary Design Review
Mar. 2003: Interim Appraisal of the JEM Exposed Facility 1st stage
Utilization Mission

The SMILES instrument is now ready for launch.

Overview

Framework of SMILES Science Promotion
SMILES Science Team is set in ISS Science Project Office inInstitute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA.
Program Manager

Manned Space
Environment Utilization
Program

SMILES
Project Manager

ProgramManagement

Integration withISS/JEM

Bus System Development
System Integration

Director of ISSScience Project Office

Space Environment Utilization
Science Project

SMILES Science Team
Principal Investigator
Prof. Shiotani
Mission Leader
Dr. Takayanagi

ScienceTeamOperation

Engineering Research Atmospheric Science
Team of Submillimeter
Research Team
Wave Application
Leader: Dr. Koike
Leader: Dr. Kikuchi
Validation Team
Leader:Dr. Nagahama

Data Handling
Facility Team
Leader:Dr. Takayanagi

Algorithm
Research Team
Leader: Dr. Kasai

Block Diagram of JEM/SMILES

Submillimeter Antenna

Submillimeter Receiver

Overview

Radio Spectrometer

JEM/SMILES Payload

Overview

Flight Model

Major Design Parameters•RF : 640 GHz band
•Spectral Coverage:
1200 MHz x 2•Antenna:
40 cm x 20 cm•Weight: < 500 kg•Mission Life: 1 yearMechanical Cooler and SIS Mixerz Mechanical Cooler

4K・Two-stage Stirling and J-T・Cooling Capacity:
20mW @4K, 200mW @20K,
1000mW @100K
・Power Consumption: <300 W
・Mass: 90 kg

・RF: 640 GHz ・IF: 11-13 GHz
・Junction:
Nb/AlOx/Nb, ~7 kA/cm2・RF Matching:
PCTJ with Integrated Circuit
・Fabricated at Nobeyama RO

20 K
100 K

IF port
500 mmz SIS Mixer

Overview

GNDOverview

Development Schedule
FY13(2001)
Milestone

Core Subsystems
SupportSubsystems/
Payload Bus
Data HandlingFacilityScience Research
Validation

FY14(2002)

FY15(2003)

FY16(2004)△PDR

FY17(2005)

FY18(2006)

FY19(2007)

FY20(2008)

FY21(2009)△△△（△）△CDR1 CDR2 PQR （２J/A） HTV-TF
EM Fabrication/
Functional Test

PFM Fabrication/
Functional Test

PFM Fabrication

PFM Integration/
Proto-Flight Test
DHF Operation

DHF Development
Science Research

Validation Planning / Experiment

Scientific objectives

Understanding the Future Ozone Layer

Not only in the polar latitudes, but also
in the mid- and lower latitudes, ozone
depletion is critical whole the globe.
The recovery is estimated around 20602070, but there is very big uncertainty
in association with the Cl and Br
chemistries (WMO, 2006)

Model results for the future
Antarctic ozone amountcalculated from chemistryclimate models (WMO，2006)

Scientific objectives

Origin of Cl and Br in the Stratosphere
Chlorine

BromineOur quantitative understanding of how halogenated very short-lived
substances contribute to halogen levels in the stratosphere has improved
significantly since the 2002 Assessment, with brominated very short-lived
substances believed to make a significant contribution to total stratosphericbromine and its effect on stratospheric ozone. (WMO Ozone Report, 2006)

Scientific targets of SMILES

Scientific objectives

1. Inorganic Chlorine chemistry• ClO to HCl ratio• HOCl production• Global ClO
2. Bromine budget
3. HOx budget
4. Cirrus clouds
5. O3 isotope(6. UT/LS mixing(O3 trend in the US)(O3 trend in the LS)(background ClO)
(very short-lived source gas)

(HOx dilemma)(Het. reactions & rad. budget)(mass independent chemistry)(O3 flux))

Bromine budget
Bry from CH3Br & Halons

Scientific objectives+ 8 pptv Bry Source

BrO measurements suggest that in addition to long-lived source gases(halons and methyl bromide), very short-lived (τ < 6 months) sourcegases likely contribute to Bry by about 5 pptv. This difference can beimportant for O3 in the LS. (Salawitch et al., 2005)

Global ClO distribution?

Scientific objectives

The background ClOx level isimportant to quantify the insitu O3 loss at mid-latitudes.
However, its global
distribution has not been
observed with high precision.

Cl + CH4 → HCl + CH3
ClO + OH → HCl + O2
ClO + OH → Cl + HO2

6%
94%

1-5%
ClO + HO2 → HCl + O3
ClO + HO2 → HOCl + O2 95-99%

SMILES provides global ClO
distribution with highprecision. Furthermore,measurements of ClO, HCl,HOCl, and HO2 can provide
important insights into the Cly
chemistry.

Partitioning within Cly in US

Scientific objectives

observations (SAGE, SBUV, Umkehr)model without (2)model with (2)1979-1990(WMO, 1998)

Cl + HO2 → HCl + O2
6%
ClO + OH → HCl + O2

(1)
(2)

Inclusion of the reaction(2) results in a better
agreement with observed[ClO]/[HCl] ratio (balloon )and O3 trend in the upper
stratosphere.

SMILES [ClO]/[HCl]measurements can beutilized further
systematic test on Clypartitioning.

SMILES observations

Submillimeter limb-emission sounding
and global observationz High sensitivity in detecting

atmospheric limb emission of thesubmillimeter wave range (640GHz)z Vertical profiling (~3km) fromJEM/ISS with latitudinal coverage of
65N to 38S

Æ Measurements on
several radicalspecies crucial to theozone chemistry(normal O3, isotope
O3, ClO, HCl, HOCl,BrO, HO2, H2O2)

SMILES observations

JEM/SMILES observation performance
8070Height (km)6050402%305%20%2050%
10O3HCl ClO CH3CN HNO3 HOCl HO2

BrO 18OOO 17OOO O17OO Temp

Error estimation for the mid-latitude case
based on the single scan measurement

80%Launch scheduleJapanese Experiment Module (JEM/Kibo)
JEM ELM-PS
JEM RMSJEM PM

Air lock
HTV Pallet

H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV)JEM EF; 10 attach ports for payloads

Launch schedule

1st phase utilization of JEM Exposed Facility
Superconducting Sub millimeter-wave LimbEmission Sounder (SMILES)

Engineering Model
SMILES will be launched by HTV in 2009

MAXISMILESSEDA-APSpace Environment Data Acquisition (SEDA)

Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI)

Flight Model

Thermal & Structure Model

Solar flare induced neutron detected by BBND in US Lab”Destiny”

MAXI will be launched by Shuttle 2J/A

SEDA-AP will be launched by Shuttle 2J/ALaunch schedule of experiment
facilities for the 1st phase JEM utilization

Launch schedule

FY 2008
March 11, 2008
JEM ELM-PS

FY 2009

June 1, 2008
JEM-PM

In the ELM-PSFY2009 (June 13)
JEM-Exposed Facility& ELM-ES

FY 2009
HTV#1 launch

On the Unpressurized Logistics
Carrier (ULC) of HTV.

On the ELM-ES

SAIBO Rack
Ryutai Rack

FY 2010
FY 2010
HTV#2 launch

In Pressurized Logistics
Carrier (PLC) of HTV

KOBIRO Rack

Both rack were installed in
ELM-PS at NASA Kennedy
Space Center.

Development is completed

SEDA-APMAXISEDA-APSMILESMAXIHREP
US Utilization

Functional test

Functional tests

Results from functional test - 1
Noise Temperature

4.5K - read
4.3K - green
4.1K - blue

Functional tests

Antenna Pattern

Results from functional test - 2
Molecular Detection

Functional tests

Interface testing with JEM-EFzz

Functional tests

Interface test with JEM-EF and payloads in Dec. 2007.
Telemetry communication between SMILES and operationsystem through JEM-EF was successfully demonstrated.

Level 2 Data processing system• Level 2 Data processing– Convert emission spectra (Level1B data) into vertical profiles– Near-real-time processing (53sec./scan)– Automatic processing (without operators)

Forward Model
IterationControl

Data transfer

L1BInversion

L2 Data Processing

DistributionAnalysis
L2 data creation

L2
L2 Data Processing System

Summaryz JEM/SMILES will make measurements on

several radical species crucial to the ozone
chemistry with high-sensitivity observations.

z The SMILES instrument is now ready forlaunch in Tanegashima.

z SMILES will be scheduled for the launchusing HTV in 2009 Sepetember.