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A GUIDE FOR PREPARING MANUSCRIPTS
Revised on July 1, 2022

PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH is dedicated to serving theinternational community through the dissemination of knowledge inall areas of paleontological research. The Journal publishes original
research articles dealing with paleontological research activities.
Three types of articles are published in the Journal: Research Articles,
Reviews, and Short Notes. Research Articles are new original articles,
normally not exceeding 24 pages. Review Articles are those papers thatsummarize the current state of knowledge in specific fields or topics ofpaleontology. They analyze and discuss previously published research
results, rather than report new results. Short Notes, not exceeding two
pages, are intended mainly for new findings, data presentation and taxonomic emendation to benefit the paleontological community. Shortpapers dealing with new ideas and/or new experimental methods arealso accepted as Short Notes. No abstract is needed for Short Notes.
Manuscripts submitted are subject to review and editing by reviewers
and a language editor. We welcome submission of manuscripts fromnonmembers of the Society.
Copyrights of all the contents of Paleontological Research belong to the
Palaeontological Society of Japan. The corresponding author must fillout and send a Copyright Transfer Agreement (http://www.palaeo-socjapan.jp/English/PR-E.html) to one of the co-editors as soon as the submitted manuscript is accepted for publication. Permission is required
from the Society for reproduction, posting, transmission or other distribution or use of the final contribution in the Journal in whole or in partin any medium other than for personal or internal use. For use of thecontribution, even for authors, please contact the Society.
Papers intended for publication in Paleontological Research may besubmitted through the Paleontological Research web-based manuscript
submission and handling system, which can be accessed at thefollowing web site where all procedural details are available: http://
mc.manuscriptcentral.com/pr
Alternatively, authors may submit a paper by sending three copiesof their manuscript to: Akihisa Kitamura, Institute of Geosciences,
Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529,
JAPAN (e-mail: kitamura.akihisa@shizuoka.ac.jp)
Paleontological Research is intended to be read by an international
audience, therefore it is particularly critical that language be clear andconcise. Manuscripts should be written in English. Either British or
American usage is acceptable. The editors strongly recommend that
author(s) whose mother tongue is not English have their manuscripts
critically reviewed for language and style by a native speaker ofEnglish before submission. Use SI (Système International d’Unités)units. A space should be left between the numerical value and unit
symbol, even when the value is used in an adjectival sense, except in
the case of superscript units for plane angles. For more information on
the use of SI units, visit the relevant page (http://physics.nist.gov/
cuu/Units/checklist.html) of the National Institute of Standards andTechnology (NIST), USA. Geographical and GPS coordinates should
be expressed in the form X°Y′Z″N/S, X°Y′Z″E/W. References tounits of the geologic time scale should follow the latest version of
the International Chronostratigraphic Chart presented by the International Commission on Stratigraphy.
The main document, containing cover sheet, title, abstract, key words,
main text, references, figure and table captions and appendixes in thatorder, should be typed always in double space, and when submitted bypost, should be printed on one side of white paper of international A4
size (210 × 297 mm). Use Times New Roman fonts.

Cover sheet. Cover sheet should contain 1) title, 2) full names andaffiliations and their addresses of all authors (or residential address,
if an author is unaffiliated), 3) postal and e-mail addresses and phone
and fax numbers of the author who takes responsibility for the galley
proofs, and 4) running title composed of no more than 40 characters.
Spell out the authors’ first names. In the cover sheet, it must be statedthat the content of the manuscript has not been published or submitted
for publication elsewhere (except as electronic theses and dissertations
available in institutional repositories). The contributions of each coauthor should be specified in the cover sheet. The individual author
contributions may be expressed in the following style: M. Y. initiatedthe study and was primarily responsible for the taxonomic aspects. H.
Y. carried out the geochemical analysis and its interpretation. T. K.
performed the statistical analysis of the data. All authors contributed
to the writing of the paper.
Title. A title is to be brief and simple and should summarize the major
scientific results of the paper.
Abstract. An abstract should be a condensation and concentration of theessential qualities of the paper. All the papers, excluding Short Notes,
are to be accompanied by an abstract not exceeding 500 words. New
taxonomic or stratigraphic names should be mentioned in the abstract.
Do not use citations in the abstract.
Keywords. Select keywords (not more than six words or phrases) which
identify the most important subjects covered by the paper and arrange
them in alphabetical order.
Main text. Authors should use three or fewer levels of heading todivide the sections of their manuscript. For guidance, refer to a recent
number of the Journal. No footnotes are to be used. Bibliographicalreferences are to be identified by citing the authors’ names, followed inparentheses by the date of publication, with a page number if desired.
All citations must have a corresponding entry in the reference list.
References to papers that are not published should be given as ‘inpress’ if accepted for publication, or as ‘personal communication’ in allother cases. Acknowledgements should be placed at the end of the text,
before References. Do not use honorifics such as Dr., Prof., Mrs., etc.
Stratigraphic nomenclature must follow the International Stratigraphic
Guide. Always italicize genus, subgenus, species, subspecies, variety,and forma names. Words and abbreviations of Latin origin (et al.,ca.) should be italicized; customary exceptions are i.e. and e.g. (after
the latter no comma is placed). Use italic type for all variables. Set in
Roman type: sin, cos, tan, and all similar trigonometric and hyperbolic
functions: log for logarithms; quantifiers such as min, max, opt, etc.
Diacritical marks should not be used for Japanese geographic names
unless the editors find them necessary to avoid confusion.
The typical format for arrangement of systematic paleontology canbe learned from current issues of the journal. All descriptions of new
taxa must include a diagnosis, and, as appropriate, stratigraphic andgeographic indications, designation of a type or types, depository
information, and specification of illustrations. In synonymies use anabbreviated form of the reference, consisting only of author(s) ofreference, date of publication, and numbers of pages, plates, figures andtext-figures referring to the organism or organisms in question.
Registration in ZooBank (http://zoobank.org/) of all nomenclaturalacts on zoology published in Paleontological Research is mandatory
prior to online publication. The authors must register new taxa andany nomenclatural acts in due time and provide LSID in Systematic338
palaeontology section.
A new genus or species should be indicated by using “gen. nov.” or“sp. nov.”, respectively (e.g. Newhousia gen. nov. and Hydrolithon
braganum sp. nov.). Other expressions such as “n. gen.” and “n. sp.”cannot be accepted in our journal. Use qualiﬁers “aff.” or “cf.” asin these examples: Gaudryceras cf. izumiense and Pachydiscus aff.
flexuosus. Other expressions such as Gaudryceras cf. G. izumienseand Pachydiscus aff. P. flexuosus are not acceptable. In the case thata question mark is used to express uncertainty of the identification to
generic or species level, it should be placed unitalicized and without aspace after the generic or species name: Globorotalia? truncatulinoides
and Neogloboquadrina pachyderma?
Vermeijia japonica sp. nov.
Figures 2.1, 2.2

Ariadnaria insignis (Middendorff). Ogasawara et al., 1986, pl. 37, fig. 3a, b.

Etymology.—The present new species is named for the country ofJapan.
Type specimens.—Holotype, UMUT CM 32795; para-type, UMUT
CM 32796.
Type Locality.—River bank at 1.3 km upstream along the Koide
River, Shibata City, Niigata Prefecture (Loc. 3 in Figure 1 = Loc. 2 of
Amano et al., 2000a); Kuwae Formation.
Family Nassariidae Iredale, 1916
Subfamily Cylleninae Bellardi, 1882
Genus Cyllene Gray in Griffith and Pidgeon, 1834
Type species.—Cyllene owenii Gray in Griffith and Pidgeon, 1834.
A systematic work in a larger work should be cited correctly as thefollowing example:
O. keokuk Gurley, 1884, and O. missourensis (Shumard, 1858 in
Shumard and Swallow, 1858) also exhibit a dorsal apex in the posterior half of the valve.
Capital initial letters are used for expression of geologic time (Early,
Middle or Late) and rock units (Lower, Middle, Upper) only whereformally erected as divisions; use lower case elsewhere. More information on stratigraphical terms and usage can be found on the website ofInternational Commission on Stratigraphy.
Illustrations. All illustrations, including maps, geologic sections, andhalftone illustrations (including ‘‘plates’’) are to be called figures
and must be numbered in the same sequence as they are first citedin the text. Citations of illustrations in the text are to be spelled out
in full (e.g. Figure 2 or Figure 2.1). Plan the illustrations so that theytake up either the entire width of the printed page (170 mm) or thewidth of one column (80 mm). An illustration and its caption must
be included in the same printed page. Originals should not be smaller
than the final intended size for printing. No foldouts will be accepted.
Mark all originals clearly with authors’ names and figure number
when submitted by post. Photographs of all specimens except sections
must be illuminated from the upper left side, as is conventional. The
size of material should be indicated by a scale bar or described in a
figure caption (length = 3.5 cm). Indication by magnification (× 3.5)
is not allowed. Massive raw data should be included in an Appendix,
which will be placed at the end of a paper.
Figure captions. Figure captions are to be typed separately. The
captions should be written in either one of the following two styles. If
the caption consists of items, follow the first style. If the caption

includes sentence(s), follow the second one.
Figure 2. Photographs of specimen RM30907 (UMUT RM30907) andCM30908 (UMUT CM30908). A, outer surface of right and left valves(RM30907); B, inner surface of right and left valves (RM30907);
C, inner surface of right valve (CM30908). Arrows show thesections for the acetate peels.
Figure 3. Schematic illustrations of thecideoid (A) and productide(B, C, D, E) lophophores. A, ontogenetic change in the thecideoidlophophore. Ventral (upper) and anteroventral (lower) views of
the internal dorsal area are shown for each morphological type oflophophore. Arrows on the lophophore ridges indicate the postulated
direction of the transportation of food particles to the mouth. B, (Therest is omitted).
Electronic formats. The preferred word-processing package is Word
(Microsoft). For tables, Excel (Microsoft) files are preferable (saveeach table in a separate file). For illustrations, TIFF, EPS, PSD (Adobe
Photoshop), or AI (Adobe Illustrator) files are preferred. When
preparing color figures, the color mode should be set to CMYK, not
RGB. Resolution of all the figures is 300 dpi or less at the time of online
submission. The final version of all the figures should be greater than
600 dpi. Even when manuscripts are submitted by post, authors are
asked to deliver their final, revised manuscript in an electronic form
either on disk or via the Internet after the paper has been accepted. The
disk should be sent to Dr. Akihisa Kitamura (for his address see above).
Galley proofs and offprints. Each contribution must have a responsible
author. Galley proofs will be sent to responsible authors about one
month before the expected publication date and should be returned tothe editors within three days of receipt. Minor changes submitted by
the responsible authors will be permitted while a paper is in galleys,
but a charge will be made for substantial alterations. One of the authors
receives 50 offprints without covers free of charge. Additional copies
and covers can be purchased and should be ordered when the proofs
are returned. The price of reprint without cover (flat rate per copy,
regardless of # of pages) is 120 JPY / 1 copy. The price of reprint
with cover (flat rate per order, regardless of the price and number ofreprints) is 10,000 JPY / 1 order.
Charges. If a paper exceeds 24 printed pages, payment of page charges
for the extra pages is a prerequisite for acceptance (9,000 JPY / 1page). Illustrations in color can also be published at the authors’
expense (20,000 JPY / 1 color page). Paleontological Research offers
authors the opportunity to reproduce color figures for free in the online
version of the article while the figures appear in black and white orgray scale monochrome in the print version. If an author wishes to takeadvantage of this service, he/she should contact the Co-Editors to ensurethat the appropriate documentation is completed by the publisher.
Return of published figures. After publication, original figures sent by
post can be returned to authors upon request.
References. Entries are to be listed alphabetically regardless of thenumber of authors. If an article has more than seven authors, list thenames of the first six authors followed by “et al.” No abbreviations
will be used in article and book titles. Journal titles are written out, notabbreviated. Series, volume, and part indicating a position in a chronological sequence are to be given, with the appropriate word abbreviatedin each case (“ser.”, ‘‘vol.’’, etc.; see the examples). “The” placed at the
beginning of a journal name should be deleted: not “The Island Arc”
but “Island Arc”; an exception is made for “The Quaternary Research”
published by the Japan Association for Quaternary Research.
Optional clarifications should be put in parentheses: Transactions of
the Geological Society (London) [1811 to 1822; thereafter the title
became Transactions of the Geological Society of London]; Philo-

339
sophical Transactions of the Royal Society (London) prior to 1800,
when “of London” was added. To this day, the Linnaean Society does
not identify itself as “of London” in its various journals; to add thatwould be a mistake. Places of publication that might be unrecognizable
or unfamiliar (e.g. Latinate place names) can be explained.
For author names, the family name is written first separated by a comma from the given names; in case two or more authors share the samefamily name and initials, spell out the given names. Some cultures
allow the practice of a single given name only, and in those cases the
single names suffice and are cited according to the individual’s preference. If there are multiple transliteration systems for the language
not using the Latin alphabet, an alternative spelling can be given inparentheses, e.g. Huzimoto (Fujimoto).
Journals
Barron, J. A., 1983: Latest Oligocene through early Middle Miocene
diatom biostratigraphy of the eastern tropical Pacific. Marine
Micropaleontology, vol. 7, p. 487−515.
Barron, J. A. and Keller, G., 1982: Widespread Miocene deep-sea
hiatuses: Coincidence with periods of global cooling. Geology,
vol. 10, p. 577−581.
Hoek, C. van den, Cortel-Breeman, A. M. and Wanders, B. W., 1975:
Algal zonation in the fringing coral reef of Curaçao, Netherlands
Antilles, in relation to zonation of corals and gorgonians. Aquatic
Botany, vol. 1, p. 269–308.
Igo, Hisayoshi and Igo, Hisaharu, 1977: Upper Permian fusulinaceanscontained in the pebbles of the basal conglomerate of the Adoyama
Formation, Kuzuu, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. Transactions andProceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, n. ser., no.
106, p. 89–99.
Kuramoto, S., 1996: Geophysical investigation for methane hydrates
and the significance of BSR. Journal of the Geological Society ofJapan, vol. 11, p. 951−958. (in Japanese with English abstract)
Matsumoto, T. and Yoshida, S., 1979: A new gaudryceratid ammonite
from eastern Hokkaido. Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, n. ser., no. 114, p. 65–76.
Nakamori, T., 1986: Community structures of Recent and Pleistocene
hermatypic corals in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Science Reportsof the Tohoku University, 2nd Series (Geology), vol. 56, p. 71–133.
Reimer, P. J., Austin, W. E. N., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Blackwell, P.,
Bronk Ramsey, C. et al., 2020: The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere radiocarbon age calibration curve (0-55 cal kBP). Radiocarbon, vol. 62, p. 725–757.
Ruzhentsev, V. E. and Shimansky, V. N., 1954: Nizhnepermskie svernutie i sognutie nautiloidei yuzhnogo Urala. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR, vol. 50, p. 1–152,
pls. 1–15. (in Russian)OR
Ruzhentsev, V. E. and Shimansky, V. N., 1954: Lower Permian coiled
and curved nautiloids of the southern Urals. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR, vol. 50, p. 1–152,
pls. 1–15. (in Russian; original title translated)
An online article that has not yet been published elsewhere (and which

therefore has no volume, issue or page numbers) can be cited by its
Digital Object Identifier (DOI).
Hübers, M. and Kerp, H., 2012: Oldest known mosses discovered in
Mississippian (late Visean) strata of Germany. Geology, doi:
10.1130/G33122.1.
If plates are not paginated, indicate their numbers as follows.
Kummel, B., 1963: Miscellaneous nautilid type species of Alpheus
Hyatt. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, vol. 128,
p. 325–368, pls. 1–30.
Book
Ager, D. V., 1963: Principles of Paleoecology, 371 p. McGraw-Hill
Co., New York.
Born, I. von, 1778: Index Rerum Naturalium Musei Caesarei
Vindobonensis. Pars Prima, Testacea, 458 p. Officina Krausiana,
Vindobonae (Vienna).
Laborde Pédelahore, P. de. 2000: Alcide d′Orbigny. À la Découverte
des Nouvelles Républiques Sud-américaines, 400 p. Atlantica,
Biarritz.
Nishimura, S., 1974: Origin and history of the Japan Sea: An approachfrom [the] biogeographic standpoint, 274 p. Tsukiji Shokan,
Tokyo. (in Japanese)
Chapter in a book
Akiba, F., 1986: Middle Miocene to Quaternary diatom biostratigraphy
in the Nankai Trough and Japan Trench, and modified lower
Miocene through Quaternary diatom zones for middle-to-highlatitudes of the North Pacific. In, Kagami, H., Karig, D. E.,
Coulbourn, W. T. et al., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling
Project, vol. 87, p. 393–481. U. S. Government Printing Office,Washington, DC.
Bosence, D. W. J., 1995: Anatomy of a Recent biodetrital mud-mound,
Florida Bay, USA. In, Monty, C. L. V., Bosence, D. W. J.,
Bridges, P. H. and Pratt, B. R. eds., Carbonate Mud-Mounds, their
Origin and Evolution, p. 475−493. Special Publication of theInternational Association of Sedimentologists, no. 23, Blackwell,
London.
Burckle, L. H., 1978: Marine diatoms. In, Haq, B. U. and Boersma,
A. eds., Introduction to Marine Micropaleontology, p. 245−266.
Elsevier, New York.
Orbigny, A. d ′, 1839: Foraminifères. In, Sagra, R. de la ed., Histoire
Physique, Politique et Naturelle de l′Île de Cuba, p. 1–224.
Arthus Bertrand, Paris.
Yabe, H. and Hanzawa, S., 1930: [A stratigraphic study of Tertiary
foraminiferous rocks in Taiwan.] Jubilee Publication in theCommemoration of Professor Takuji Ogawa’s 60th Birthday, p.
83–126. Kobundo-shobo, Kyoto. (in Japanese; original title
translated)
Electronic material
Japan Oceanographic Data Center, 2011: J-DOSS, Oceanographic
Data and Information Download Service (Temperature, Current,
Depth, Biology, Marine Information) [online]. [Cited 24 August2011]. Available from: http://www.jodc.go.jp/index_j.html.