RECLAMATION AND REVEGETATION(AFTER COAL MINING OPERATION)(PROBLEMS AND SOLUTION )Dr.
SetiadiDr.YadiYadi
SetiadiMined Land Rehabilitation Specialist
Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University
Kampus IPB, Darmaga, Bogor
ysetiad55@gmail.com. 08111102302

Tropical Rain Forest Function

Conserve soil and water
Supporting biodiversity
Natural resources
Control climatic conditions
Water cycle processes
Carbon sequestration
Genetic resources
Habitat for flora and fauna

Illegal logging
Forest fires
Agriculturedevelopment
Timber plantations
Estate crops
plantations
Shifting cultivation
Transmigration
Mining OperationsCharacter Degraded Mined Land



Loss of vegetation
Disturbed ecosystem
Erosion and run-off (sedimentation,contamination)
Reduce native species biodiversity
Damages to wildlife habitat
Damages of watershed area
Changes natural landscape

Exposed Loss of root and crown function
No vegetation
 Loss of supporting biodiversity
No top soil and sub-soil Loss of land productivity
Land stability
 Land slides and erosion
Poor soil
 poor survival and poor growth
performanceGovernment Regulation for Mined Land
Reclamation and Revegetation
FORESTRY DEPT NO change the structure and function of the forest Conduct reclamation and reforestation
 Protect the forest from illegal logging, and land occupancy

ENVIRONMENTAL DEPT
 Conduct mitigation measures for the significant impacts :(contamination of heavy metals, aggressive occupation of alien species)
 Minimize forest destruction (foot print) Conduct Biological conservation
ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES DEPT Land stability and Erosion control Develop planning for reclamation and mine closureSuccessful Standard Criteria for Reclamation and Revegetation
Acuan PerMenESDM No.07 Tahun 2014
No.
Kegiatan Reklamasi / Obyek Kegiatan
1. Penatagunaan Lahan

Parameter

1. Luas area yang ditata (Ha)
2. Stabilitas timbunan (%)
1. Luas area yang ditimbun (Ha)b. Penimbunan kembali lahan bekas tambang
2. Stabilitas timbunan (%)
1. Luas area yang ditebar (Ha)c. Penebaran tanah zona pengakaran
2. pH tanah
1. Saluran drainase (%)
d. Pengendalian erosi dan pengelolaan air
2. Bangunan pengendali erosi (%)
3. Kolam pengendap sedimen (%)
2. Revegetasi dan Pekerjaan Sipil
1. Pengelolaan material (% Volume)a. Pengelolaan material pembangkit AAT
2. Pengelolaan AAT (%)
1. Luas area penanaman (Ha)
2. Jenis tanaman- Cover cropb. Penanaman- Fast growing- Tanaman lokal
3. Pertumbuhan tanaman (%)
3. Penyelesaian Akhir
a. Penutupan tajuk
1. Pemupukan
b. Pemeliharaan
2. Pengendalian gulam, hama&penyakit
3. Penyulamana. Penataan permukaan lahan

RencanaStandar Keberhasilan Pelaksanaan> 80 %
tidak ada longsoran> 80 %
tidak ada longsoran> 75 %
5- 6
tidak terjadi erosi
tidak terjadi alur erosisesuai BML
sesuai rencana
sesuai BML> 80 %
sesuai rencana
sesuai rencana
sesuai rencana
sesuai rencana> 80 %> 80 %
sesuai kebutuhan
sesuai kebutuhan
sesuai kebutuhan

Standard Criteria for Revegetation successNo.

Kriteria / Indikator / Parameter

Checklist : M = Memenuhi ; TM = Tidak Memenuhi
1 Penataaan Permukaan Lahana. Pengisian kembali lubang bekas tambang
b. Luas areal yang ditata
c. Kestabiland. Penaburan tanah pucuke. pH Tanah
2 Pengendalian Erosi dan Sedimentasi
a. Bangunan konservasi tanah- Jumlah fisik bangunan- Kondisi bangunan
b. Penanaman cover cropc. Erosi dan sedimentasi
d. Pengelolaan Material Pembangkit AAT- Pengelolaan Material- Kolam Pengendap Sedimen
3 Revegetasi
a. Luas penanamanb. Persentase tumbuh
c. Jumlah tanaman
d. Komposisi jenis- Tanaman fast growing- Tanaman lokal
e. Kesehatan tanaman
f. Penutupan tajuk
g. Pemeliharaan

PerMenHut No. 60 Tahun 2009
Standar keberhasilan

MTMPerMenESDM N0. 07 Tahun 2014
Standar keberhasilan

MTMKeterangan> 80%> 80%longsor (< 5%)sesuai rencana
sesuai rencana

sesuai document
sesuai document

tidak ada longsoranpresentase kejadian longsor> 80%--> 75%> 5-6

sesuai document
sesuai analisis tanah-tidak terjadi erosi
sesuai rencana
tidak terjadi erosi
sesuai rencana
kualitas air sesuai BML

Saluran drainase, checkdam, beronjong,turap, dll. (Kesesuaian dalam jumlah
dan spesifikasi) & fungsi
sesuai document
persentase luas erosi
sesuai document
pH, TSS, Al, Fe, Mn≥ 90%
sesuai document
berfungsi> 80%
erosi ≤ 5%---

> 80 %> 80 %≥ 625 phn/Ha
jenis lokal ≥ 40%> 80 %-----> 80 %> 80%
sesuai document
Tanaman lokal ≥ 40%
sesuai rencana
sesuai rencana
> 80%
> 80%

---

sesuai kebutuhan----

sesuai document
secara sampling
sesuai document
sesuai document
Model 1 {hanya Pioner (Lokal Potensial)}
Model 2 {Pioneer dan Primer (lokal)}
secara sampling
secara sampling
pemupukan ; pengendalian gulma,hama&penyakit ; penyulaman

Planning Consideration
 Land conditions(derelict) Status of forest function(Forestry or APL ) Government regulations(Revegetation Planning, Guide line, Criteria)

 Post mining land use(multi stakeholde, AMDAL)

 Planting strategies

Setiadi.Yadi. 2012

FIELD SURVEY
Trees species
selection andpropagation• Suitable, potential localspecies, regulasi

Soil amendments• Balance nutrients,
improve CEC, Bioorganic, control toxic

Nursery andPlanting stockLand-reconstruction
and site preparation• Planting size, seedling
quality, compacted andactivated root

• Land stabilization, leveling , top
soiling, and prevent erosion,Planting
techniques

Maintenance• Re-panting, refertilizer, weeding,
Lateral root
manipulation• Timing , root ballposition• Planting Model

Monitoring and Evaluation• Schedule, data collection, reporting, frequency
and improvement• Practical-Guideline and SOP

Setiadi.Yadi. 201201) Species Selection
 Complying Regulation• Composition : Shaded trees, Main tress, MPTS, Conservation tressand endanger (protected tress)

 Planting Design• To minimize the competition effect• To arrange for beauty performance Adapted on soil and environmental Conditions• Approved can be survive on certain condition

 The planting stocks• The number of species are available• Seedling planting stock available02) Nursery, Seedling Quality and Transportation
 Nursery conditions affected onseedling quality :• Light intensity• Temperature , Humidity, and aircirculation• Water quality

 Seedling quality• Medium composition• Healthy performance• Root ball compaction

 Seedling Transportation• Transfer from nursery to field• Seedling placement in the field• Planting operation

Nursery03) Potential Gully Erosion and Exposed OB

Potential Impact : Exposed OB and Generated AMD Physically destroying plants

Control gully erosion :• Filled up top soil
• Establish trenching• Planting LCC

Nursery 04). Soil Compaction and Water Log

 Content silt and clay
 Water permeability
 Root not well develop Tress performance : Yellowish, stagnant

 Solution :Pre-soil analysis
Vertical ripping,
LRM (Lateral Root Manipulation)
Select adaptive species05)Top Soiling Problems
 Top soil thickness <10cm

 Soil compacted
 Eroded• Accelerate gully development• Exposed to compacted clay
and toxic materials• Plant performances– Stagnant– Dying– Costly for repairing– Can not meet standard

Nursery06) Over Shaded Condition Effect over shaded : Main tress meranti are dying
 Condition is not condusive fornatural colonization
 Lack for biodiversity development

 Improvement : Improve light condition by teres
treaments

5) Better Shading Condition for Shorea

6) Species Selection
 Complying Regulation• Composition : Shaded trees, Main tress, MPTS, Conservation tressand endanger (protected tress)

 Planting Design• To minimize the competition effect• To arrange for beauty performance Adapted on soil and environmental Conditions• Approved can be survive on certain condition

 The planting stocks• The number of species are available• Seedling planting stock available

8) Soil Problems

 Soil compaction Water log
 Low in pH and Soil toxic• (Al and Phyrite) Lack of soil macro andmicro Un-balance nutrients ( Caand Mg)

9) Planting Operation and Maitenance Seedling transportation• Sources of plant failure• Temporary seedling nurse

 Planting operation• Ensure seedling healthy• Step Planting operation– Planting hole– Based fertilizer– Planting– Maintenance10) Tress Maintenance and Monitoring Maintenance• Re-planting• Weeding• Fertilizer• Pest-control

 Monitoring• Evaluate plant survival• Evaluate plant performance Thank you !!

PT. Akar Langitbumi
Cyber 2 Tower, 18th Floor
JL.H.R Rasuna Said Blok x-5 kav 13
Jakarta 12950 Indonesia
EMAIL : pt.aarlangitbumi@gmail.com
Phone : +62-2170521925, 08111102302

TGoodand Responsible Mine Closure