（様式８）(Attached Form 8)

論文審査の要旨
Summary of Dissertation Review

博士の専攻分野の名称
Degree

学位授与の要件

博士 （国際協力学 ）氏名

学位規則第４条第○1 ・２項該当Author

FUYO YAMAMOTO

論 文 題 目 Title of Dissertation
Explorations of Transport-Related Social Exclusion from the Perspectives of Transport
Disadvantaged Groups and Other Stakeholders: Case Studies of Rural andDisadvantaged Regions in Nepal and Japan
論文審査担当者
主Dissertation Committee Members

査 Committee ChairZHANG JUNYI, Prof.

印 Seal

審査委員 Committee Member

FUJIWARA AKIMASA, Prof.

審査委員 Committee Member

TOMOZAWA KAZUO, Prof., Graduate Schoolof Humanities and Social Sciences

審査委員 Committee Member

FENG

TAO,Prof.,

Graduate

SchoolofAdvanced Science and Engineering

審査委員 Committee Member

CHIKARAISHI MAKOTO, Assoc. Prof.

〔論文審査の要旨〕Summary of Dissertation Review
Motivated by various social exclusion issues in rural and disadvantaged areas in the transportation context,
this research has the following three objectives: (1) to propose a simple but practical framework for researchersand policy-makers to explore the interactions between transportation systems, people’s mobilities and theireconomic and social activities within a specific political context and while taking into account the impacts ofbarriers and enabling factors; (2) to draw attention to the specific transport-related social exclusion (TRSE)
issues affecting rural areas of non-Western countries; and (3) to extend the scope of the TRSE literature bybringing in perspectives of other stakeholders, including non-transport disadvantaged (especially otherhousehold members and community), service providers, and government officials. For the above objectives,
this dissertation, consists of seven chapters, includes four case studies “TRSE and time-use in children’s
educational activities in rural Nepal”, “TRSE and socio-cultural norms affecting elderly people’s mobilities inrural Japan”, “The potential for transport operators to address TRSE: case study of new services offered by
Japanese taxi companies during the COVID-19 pandemic”, and “The potential for Village Hubs to address
TRSE: case study of Nijo District, Shimane Prefecture”, where the last case study is from an onsite projectrequired by the Taoyaka Program.
The applicant published the following three peer-reviewed papers and one peer-reviewed reports(UNESCAP), which contents are fully connected with this dissertation study. Two more papers are ready forsubmission.
1. Fuyo Jenny Yamamoto, Junyi Zhang (2017). The kindness of strangers:

Exploring shared mobilities andinterdependencies of elderly people in rural Japan. Social Inclusion, Volume 5, Issue 4, Pages 183–195 (IF=1.333)
2. Fuyo Jenny Yamamoto, Madan B. Regmi, Junyi Zhang (2022) From crisis management to sustainable and inclusivetransport: Leveraging COVID-19 to improve public transport services in Asia. In: Zhang, J. and Hayashi, Y. (eds.),（様式８）(Attached Form 8)
Transportation Amid Pandemics: Lessons Learned from COVID-19, Chapter 30, Elsevier.
3. Lead author: “Enhancing Rural Transport Connectivity to regional and international transport networks in Asia and thePacific”, UNESCAP Monograph Series, December 2019. (https://www.unescap.org/resources/monography-seriesenhancing-rural-transport-connectivity-regional-and-international)
4. Junyi Zhang and Fuyo Jenny Yamamoto (2019). Transport Policies in Asia. In J. Stanley and D.A. Hensher (eds.), A
Research Agenda for Transport Policy, Chapter 16. Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.

The dissertation reaffirmed the usefulness of the concept of TRSE to analyzing rural transport issues. It
suggests that in order to reflect differences in political, social and economic contexts of countries and regions,
it is necessary to clarify the political context, including both politically agreed access to transport and accessto activities. The current dissertation also draws attention to the role and influence of other stakeholders inhindering or enabling the access of the transport disadvantaged groups to places or activities. By expanding
the current TRSE framework to other stakeholders, it expands the potential policy options for governments.
Such an extension of the framework will be increasingly important as the convergence of transport and othersocial sectors, as well as new types of transport service platforms, progress into the future. At the same time,
the current framework is flexible enough to adapt to changing contexts, for example through redefining policy
goals in the political context. Two major drivers of change in transportation systems are
population/demographic changes and technologies, and Japan is currently going through a transition in bothof these areas. Thus local governments are also interested in finding flexible approaches to rural transport
service provision, for example demand responsive transport. It is likely that as the context changes, the relative
importance of different TRSE factors will also change, with some becoming more, or less, important over time.
In this regard, the potential for technologies such as the internet and automated driving to substitute people’s
personal mobilities is an area of growing research interest. It is hoped that by laying out a comprehensive
framework, more researchers will apply the concept of transport-related social exclusion to better understandhow the various factors come together to influence the experiences of transport disadvantaged groups.
Through more empirical work in a wider range of contexts, the comprehensive TRSE Framework described inthis dissertation can be further developed so that it can be used as a tool to help government officials andresearchers design better transport policies and thereby reduce social exclusion.

As a result of the above review, the members of the committee found that this dissertation is of sufficientvalue to award the author the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in International Cooperation Studies.