' "a -tt~ -&-!. ~ ~ ~-~·~l.'f
Transactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New Series

No. GO

Palaeontological Society of japan
Dec. 20th, 1965

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
Page

495.

Occurrence of JVippononaia ryo:;el<iana from the Sanchu area, Japan ....

496.

Shell structure of Japanese smaller Foraminifera.

497.

Asanonella slwjii n. gen., n. sp. (Family Discorbidae) from Tokunoshima,

498.

Two Fossil Species of Discinisca (Brachiopoda) from North Honshu, japan

499.

On Some New Species of Fossil Foraminifera from the Cores in the Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . ltaru

i-IAYA~II

and Takeo ICHIKAWA 145
Part 1. Ammonia

tochigiensis (UCIIIO) ........................................ Hiroshi UJIIf' 156
Kagoshima Prefecture. japan .......................... Tunyow 1-lUA::-.lG 166.................................... Kotm·a I-lATA! and Shozo l-1.\ YASAKA 172
Field in Chiba Prefecture, japan ............................ Yu HIGUCHI 178

President:

Kiyoshi ASANO

Councillors:

Kiyoshi ASANO (Editor of ·· Fossils"), Haruyoshi FUJIJ\IOTO, Tetsuro

I-IANA! (Editor of Transactions and Proceedings), vVataru HASHIMOTO (Trea·surer), Kotora HATAI, Ichiro HAYASAKA. Koichiro IcHIKAWA, Taro KANAYA,
Teiichi KOBAYASHI. Tatsuro l\IATSUi\IOTO (Editor for Special Papers), ~vlasao
IvliXATO, Hiroshi OzAKI [Planning), Tokio SHIKA:\IA (i'vlembership), Fuyuji
TAKAI (Chairman of Executive Councillors' Committee), Ryuzo TORIYA:\IA
Secretaries:

Takashi 1-lAl\IADA. Hisayoshi IGO, '{okichi TAKAYA:\AGI

Assistant Secretary:

Takeo IcHIKAWA

All Communications relating to this journal should be addressed to the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
Geological Institute, ·Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, japan

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S .. 1.\o. 60, pp. 145-155. pl. 17, Dec. 20. 1965

495.

OCCURRENCE OF NIPPONONAIA RYOSEJ{[ANA
FROM THE SANCHU AREA. JAPAN*
ITARU HAYAI'vll
Department of Geology, Kyushu University

and
T AKEO ICHIKAWA
Geological Institute. University of Tokyo

wcf:'i1l!'1J'iJ·I? J!fili [., t:. Nippononaia ryosekiana: Nippononaia lii!Itf<0 Trigonioides c c?:, IC89Ut!lCJTt.illi<::**-t..:~l'lo'I':Jt.drmHf .=-. :& W-c 35 Z> iJ\ ~ 0 ~ :itl'Ji Unio
(Nippononaia) ryosekianus 018.ml::$:0ilf:!1l! · mtt{tJ:::fEI,ijO) t:. ~~ c iJ · ~1m10~~' ~<:: j)"?

<~i!I!W.~ lli!: rft ~ t:tl'IJi#i/I{f0;\ljlliRlC:!it ,-r:~f\1!0tl;<f::~~t;;jiiij{it;X0tfH~ff.Wl~~i.r-T
Protocyprirza sp. ~f~"?'LJtfkHl lA:.0<::¥fH!J·1' 7.>, C. :l't t? !;tii!J.;l) .J::. !J {!} 07.tt:. t 0<:' J5 '!Ji'J:.,t..:,liiliRtc!t<~1P-9~it'i:!*l!l:i(:t;J:..C'Si!llli:) IC!R*-t~.::c!ira~il:~'tJ~', l\'ippononaia 0~*rfi1&1~1il.t ti'7c~-e. lli{~*iJ:::fS'C~t..: U·')5f':!mc <f5"?U'$510!Rlrt<~ffil~ '~Q c. c iJi<::c J::. OJ.-:- P ~Nippononaia ~~t; Trigonioididae O)jj-'}'!iJ:-.0{\'l!fi,

t~ ;s , m~ 0tt~: ;r, ili PJT'f-19J 0 mttJl't$:c c. 0-c. ~'*"t"0l(f~-c~~~r<J0li~~t~~~ b Jso,
goniacea .J::.I.J ;6 Unionacea~£)t~!,l:_lC:"?t ''L(;t~~O)~l'

1.-iJ> Llf~~l'f\JIC:~Vf>:Hli Tri-(<::J:i:Jf-f-l'~fhH:Ml"?c~-*..t?:h-'So

i:.~ti<::(:;j~.f>}O)~~

Wi.i1t~~:!JI.T 0 f;:_.XJ{CfijP l?:ht..: l'i'f\1;1: l'-; ~1 t, !It~= t>c 8l. 0) WI 0) tB Iii]~ ff--!: ~ ~) 1'
BERNARD

0EI!l:;J\;c!ill'l!.'l:f-c<f5oo

Trigonioididae O)*I'J>:~·Til Jll ~:la&tcc.:!ti-;::'>f~llJlli4i~S-::lt~-t-:JE~u..:,* mmspecies itself. i.e. Unio (Nippononaia}ryosekianus. SUZUKI (1941) establishedthe species on the basis of two incomplete specimens. one of which was designated by himself as the holotype.
The two specimens. which were once
believed to have been destroyed duringthe \Vorld War II. are now actually preserved in the Geological Institute. University of Tokyo. I3ut their actual
localities are still unknown. as SUZUKI(19H, p. 413) noted originally that they
had come from the " Ryoseki group;
Kom6, llanoura-mati. Naka-gun. Tokushima Prefecture, or Santyu (=Sanchu)

Introduction

Nippononaia SUZUKJ. 1941. is a characteristic and important pelecypod genus.
which occurs mainly from the Lower
Cretaceous non-marine formations ofeastern Asia. It is well characterized
by the combination of peculiar hinge
and surface sculpture. although somedifferent opinions have been presented
as to its systematic position and phylogeny. There are. ho\vever, some uncertainties with regard to the type-* Received May 6, 1965; read September
25. 1965 at Nagasaki.
U5

14()

Itant HA.YA.MI and Talceo lCH/Kil WA

KAGAHARAt
6.

1106.3/.,

XHACHIMANZAWA:t!li>SEBAYASH I

··.,

0

1km

Text-fig. 1. Map showing the lo.;·aliLy of Nippononaia ryosekiana.

graben in the K>wanto mountainland ".
No additional specimen of this species
had been obtained from these two areas,
but recently we found unexpectedly aboulder of black shale at Hachimanzawa
in the eastern part of the Sanchu area.
in which many indiyiduals of !Vippono·naia ryosekiana were contained together
with a few specimens of Protocyprina
sp. No specimen in situ has been found,but the boulder in question was certainly
derived from the Sebayashi formationof approximately an Aptian-Albian (Mi·yakoan) age. The geographic position
is indicated in Text-fig. 1.
In this paper we described Nippono·naia ryosekiana (SuzUKI) and Prolocyprina
sp. on the basis of the newly collectedmaterial. One of us (!.H.) gives somepalaeontological remarks on the genus
Nippononaia.
Before going into description. we

express our sincere thanks lo Prof.
Tatsuro IVlATSUMOTO of the Kyushu
University for his kind suggestion
and reading of this manuscripl. Acknowledgements are also due lo Prof.
Emeritus Teiichi KOBAYASHI of the
University of Tokyo for his generous
criticism, and to Prof. Toshio KIJ\.JURAof the University of Tokyo and Prof.
Yoshihisa 0TA of the Fukuoka Gakugei
University for their kind encouragement
and assistance in yarious ways.
Systematic description
Order 1\aiadida
Cox (1960) distinguished the Anthra·cosiacea and Unionacea from the Order
Schizodontida. and proposed a neworder, Naiadida, for them. This procedure is here adopted.

-~95.

Nipponona.ia frmn the Sanclm ilrea

Superfamily Unionacea
Family Trigonioididae*
Genus Nippononaia Suzt:KI. 19n
T_vpe-species :-Unio (:YipfJononaia) ryo·:sekianus SuzUKI. 19-!1, Lower Cretaceous(probably Aptian-Albian). japan !original designation).
Nipponmzaia ryowllia na (SUZUKI)
PI 17. Figs. 1-8: Text-fig. 21941. l.lnio (:Vippononaia) ryosekiana Sczl:KI,
jour. Geol. Soc. japan. Vol. •18. No. 575.
p. 412. text-figs. 1-3 [Trans. Palaeont.
.Soc. japan. Xo. 128. p. 60. text-figs. 13] [sic).
1943. Plicatounio (Nippononaia) ryosekianu.~
Suzl:KI. jour. Sigenkagaku Kenkyusyo,Vol. 1. No. 2, p. 196, 211.

Material :-Eight specimens i,GK.
I-16756-GK. H6762} from a boulder ofblack shale at Hachimanzawa (IIAYAl\IIand ICHIKAWA coli.). The holotype andparatype preserved in the university ofTokyo are also concerned with the description belo\v. A plaster cast of theholotype is preserved also in the 1\yushu University (GK. H6765).
Description :-Shell of medium size.
about 50-60 mm long in the adult stage.
equivalve, inequilateral. transversely
elongated. about twice or more as longas high. elongate-ovate in outline, round·
ed in front. tapering posteriorly, pointed
at the extremity, moderately inflated:
test moderate in thickness; antero-dorsal
margin short, passing gradually into theanterior margin : postero-dorsal margin
very long, slightly curving downwards:
ventral margin gently and broadly arcu·
ate but a little concave in its posterior
part; umbo orthogyrous, not prominent.

* See also page 153 for the diagnosis.

1-!7

unusually broad, placed at about t\VO·sevenths of shell length from the anterior
extremity ; a rounded carina extends
from the umbo to the posterior extrem·
ity. delimiting a narrow postero-dorsal
area : lunule and escutcheon absent: surface ornamented with numerous characteristic ribs, divided into four areas. i.e.
antero-dorsal. anterior. posterior andpostero-dorsal areas. by different modeof ornamentation ; several ribs on thecentral part converge on the line justbelow the umbo and scribe acute Vs. theangle of which is approximately 20 de·grees; anterior ribs about 2S in the adultstage, regularly spaced, nearly straightor a little sinuous; posterior ribs about
35 in the adult stage, subvertical. slightly
sinuous. as broad as anterior ribs near
the Vs but become much broader andmore sparse on the posterior area :antero-dorsal and posterior dorsal peri·
pheral areas ornamented with upwardcurving short riblets: whole surface
marked also with numerous concentric
growth-lines of irregular interval andprominence; hinge plate moderate inbreadth. provided with opisthocline pseudocardinal teeth and posterior lateral
teeth of unionoid type; right vain possesses one large and one minute pseu·
docardinal teeth. while left ,·aln has
two large pseudocardinal teeth; large
pseudocardinal teeth subparallel to postumbonal margin, roof-shaped. stout.
faintly striated obliquely : posterior !at·era! teeth. one in the left valve andtwo in the right. comparatively short.
parallel to the postero·dorsal margin.
smooth without any crenulation. distinct·
ly separated from the pseudocardinals:
adductor scars subequal in size. situatedclose to the outer ends of the pseudocardinal and posterior lateral teeth:
anterior one hemicircular, strongly impressed, accompanied with a minute148

llai'U J-L4 YAM/

and Takeo ICHJI(.41V.4.

pedal scar: posterior one subcircular,
not so strongly impressed : ventral,
anterior and posterior margins cren-ulated internally in accordance withthe external ribs: umbonal cavity veryshallow.

11/easurements in mm :Specimen
Left valve (GK. J-16755)
Right in. mould (GK. J-16756)
Left in. mould (GK. H6757)*
Right valve (GK. H6758)
Left valve (GK. H6759)•
Left valve (GK. H6760)•
Left valve (GK. H6761)•
Left valve (GK. H6762)•
Left in. mould (Holotype)

Length
53 5
35.5
29.0+
49.0
50.0
57.5
36.0+
30.5+
32.5+

Observations and comparisons:- The
holotype of this species (SUZUKI. 1941,
text-fig. 1: Pl. 17, Figs. 2a, b) is a leftinternal mould. revealing the hinge
structure and muscle system.
The
pseudocardinal teeth are feebly crenulated, as mentioned by SvzuKI (1941. p.
413). but the posterior lateral teeth arequite smooth. The paratype (SUZl'KI,
1941. text-figs. 2. 3; Pl. 17, Fig. I) isa left external mould. exhibiting thecharacteristic surface sculpture on theantero-cenlral part of the shell. The
posterior: parts of the two original specimens are broken away. so that thegeneral outline is not recognized fromthem.
Eight specimens CGK. H6755-GK.
H6762) and a few fragmentary ones in
the present collection are specificallr
identical with the holotype and paratypeof Nippo11011aia ryosekiana in view ofthe similar surface sculpture and hinge
structure, although its test is slightly
exfoliated in the posterior part. the remainining part is complete and shows
the characteristic ornamentation. In another left valve (GK. H6759) the anterodorsal peripheral area with upwardcurving riblets is slightly broader than
• Strongly deformed specimens.

Height25.5

Thickness

16.5

4.0
8.0

6.5

14.0
21. 0+
19.5
18.0+
19.0
14.5
16.0

L/H
2. 10

2.15+
2. 07+
2. 38-

5.5
7.0
9.5
5.5
•1.0
5.0+

2.56
3.191. 84+
2.10+

2.03+

in other specimens. The hinge structure exhibited in two internal moulds.
(GK. H6756. GK. H6757) agrees well withthat of the holotype. They show similarly smooth posterior lateral teeth andfaintly striated pseudocardinal teeth.
The subumbonal pseudocardinals are
undeveloped in all the moulds.

0

Text-fig. 2.

1cm

Internal structure of Nip-porzonaia r_vosekiana (SUZUKI).
a: right valve restored mainly from thespecimen GK. H6756, x lb: left valve restored mainly from theholotype. x 1

The present species is clearly distinguishable from Nippononaia aswana:

495.

Nipponona.ia from the Sanchn Area.

REESIDE, 1957. from the Lower Creta·-ceous of Colorado, Nippononaia tetori.ensis !viAEDA, 1962. from the Upper Jurassic or Lower Cretaceous of central
Honshu and Nippononaia mekongensis
KORAYASI!I, 1963, from the (?) Lower
Cretaceous of east Thailand, by themuch more delicate ribs and more
sharply pointed posterior extremity.
Trigonioides (Wakinoa) wakinoensis (OTA,
1959) and Trigonioides (IV akinoa) sengokuensis (OTA. 1959! from the Lower Cretaceous of north Kyushu, which were-originally described under the genericname of "Nippononaia ". are somewhat
similar to the present species in thesurface sculpture, but they are at least
subgenerically distinct from the present
species. because the pseudocarclinal andposterior lateral teeth are strongly crenulated in those species as precisely studied
by OTA (1963). Moreover, the angle of
Vs is distinctly sm;~ller in the present
species than in any other species of Nippononaia and Trigonioides.
Occurrence :-Probably .Miyakoan (Apt·ian-Albian). The present material was·collected from a boulder of carbonaceous
black shale at the middle course (about
300 meters from the mouth) of a small
valley Hachimanzawa. near Sebayashi.
south of Kagahara, Nakazato Village.
Tano County. Gumma Prefecture. It
was about 1 meter long and certainly
derived from the Sebayashi formation
exposed along this valley in view of thesimilar lithology. It is interesting thatthe present species was accompanied by
Prolocyprina sp. and an indetermin:::tble
ostreid. since l'rotocyprina is generally
regarded as a marine or brachyhaline
water inhabitant.
Some fossiliferous
beds containing !sognomon sanchuensis(YABE and NAGAO) and " Cyrena " radiatoslriala YABE and NAGAO are exposedin the valley. but they are distinct from149

the boulder in question in the lithology
and fossil assemblage.
It is as yet undecided whether thetype locality of the present species isin the Katsuuragawa basin or in the
Sanchu area. SuzUKI's specimens, however, may have occurred also from thesame formation as the present material.
because the mother rock of his specimens
is just comparable with that of these
specimens, and because no additional
specimen has been obtained from the
Katsuuragawa basin. SUZUKI (1941. p.
•113) noted that his specimens certainly
came from the " Ryoseki group". The
term of " Ryoseki group" at that time,
however. may have been used not only
for the true Ryoseki group of approximately Lower Neocomian but also forthe brackish water deposits of iviiyakoan(Aptian-Albian) series, as pointed out by?viA TSUMOTO (1947) and others. Furthermore. ARAI et al. (1958) and TAI<FI (1963)
clarified that the Sebayashi formation
itself. which had long been assigned to
the Kochian (Ryoseki) series. actually
overlies the lshiclo formation which bears
some Upper Neocomian ammonites andother marine fossils. Therefore. it ishighly probable that the life range of
Nippononaia ryosekiana is confined to the
Miyakoan (Aptian-Albian) age.
Order Heterodontida
Superfamily Arcticacea
Family Neomiodontidae
Genus Pro/ocyprina VoKES. 1946
Type-species :-Astarte lif}{lllolica FRAAS,
1878, Aptian. Lebanon (original designa-tion).
Protocyprina sp. indl't.
Pl. 17. Fig;. 9, 10

150!tarn HA.YAMI and Takeo ICJIIK.-HVA

This species is at present represent·
ed by two specimens (GK. H6763. GK.
H6764). One of them (GK. 1-16763) is bivalved and shows subovate outline andsurface characters, although it is strongly compressed secondarily tboth \·alves.
46.0 mm. long, 38.5 mm. high. 5.0+mm.
thick). The other is an immature rightvalve (GK. H6764) and apparently undeformed (20.5 mm. long. 17.0 mm. high,
4.0 mm. thick). The two specimens show
several clear concentric ribs on the urnbona! surface and more or less conspic·
uous posterior carinae. From the external feature these specimens are re·ferable to Protocyprina VoKES, 1946.
which was recently redefined by I-lAY AJ\H
and NAKAI (1965). The present species
is apparently similar to the immatureshells of Protocyprina naumanni (NEU·
MAYR, 1890) from the Neocomian Ryosekigroup of Japan (Y ABE, NAGAO and SHI·MIZU, 1926; 1-fAYAl\11 and ?viATSlL\IOTO,
1963 ; HAY AMI and NAKAI. 1965). but
differs from the species in having thinner test and more distinct umbonal concentric ribs. In this respect, the present
species may be closer to Protocyprina
libanotica (FRAAS, 1878) from the Aptianof Lebanon (VoKES. 1946). The posterior carina is probably stronger in thepresent species than in P. naumanni
and P. libanotica. The specific denomination of these specimens is deferred
until the hinge structure becomes clear.
although they probably belong to a new
species.
Ocwrrence :-The present specimens
were obtained from the same boulder
as the specimens of the preceding species at 1-lachimanza wa.
Some remarks on the genus
i\'ippOII0/1(1 ia
by Itaru 1-IAYA:-.II

SUZUKI (1941) proposed Nippononaia:
as a subgenus of Unio RETZIUS. 1788~
but subsequently he (19431 transferred
it to Plicatounio KOBAYASHI and SUZUKI~
1936. regarding it as a subgenus of Plicatounio. In fact, the hinge structureof Nippononaia ryosekiana is somewhat
similar to Plicatounio (s. s.). llowever,.
the right valve of Nippononaia ryo.,ekiana possesses only one large pseudocardinal tooth. while two pseudocardinals are distinct in the right valye·of Plicatounio (Plicatounio) naktongensis.
KOBAYASIII and SUZUKI. 1936, and probably also in other species of Plicatounio.
Nippononaia is clearly distinguishable
from Trigonioides KoBA YASH! and SuZUKI, 1936, by the larger ratio of length/
height. the undeveloped subumbonal
pseudocardinal Leeth and the non-crenu·
lated posterior lateral teeth.
The surface sculpture of Nippononaia
is quite different from that of Plicato·
u11io, which is characterized by several
broad radial plications on the posterior
part instead of clear-cut V-shaped ribs.
In this respect Nippononaia is muchcloser to Trigonioides. Although super·
ficially similar V-shaped ornaments areseen also in some unrelated marine pelecypods such as Goniomya AGASSIZ, 1838,
Acila H. and A. AoMlS. 1858, Heteroglypta vo~ MARTE:'IS, 1880, Vaugonia
CRTCKMAY, 1930, Glyptoleda FLETCHER,
1945. Undulomya FLETCHER, 1946. and
Penlagrammysia TSCHERNYSCHEW, 1950,
the close resemblance of ornamentation
indicates an intimate phylogenetical relationship between Nippononaia and Trigonioides.
Anyhow, Nippononaia should be regarded as a distinct genus of the Trigonioididae Cox. 1952. The following
species have been described under the·generic name of Nippononaia besides thetype-species.

4!J5.

Nippononaia .frorn the Sanchu Area

1. Nippononaia asiuaria REESIDE, 1957.
Lower Cretaceous(probably Aptian).
Hurro Canyon formation. west Colorado.
2. Vippononaia sp. by REESIDE. 1957,
Lower Cretaceous(probably Aptian),
Burro Canyon formation. west Colorado.
3... Nippononaia" wakinoensis OTA.
1959. Lower Cretaceous. Wakino
subgroup of the Kwanmon group,
north Kyushu.
·1. "Nippononaia" sengokuensis OTA.
1959. Lower Cretaceous, Wakino
subgroup of the Kwanmon group,
north Kyushu.
5... _Vippononaia" wakinoensis intermedia IIASE, 1960, Lower Cretaceous. Wakino subgroup of theKwanmon group, north Kyushu.
6. "Nippononaia " (?) obsoleta HASE.
1960. Lower Cretaceous, Shimonoseki subgroup of the Kwanmongroup. west Honshu.
7. Nippononaia tetoriensis MAEDA,
1962. Upper Jurassic or Lower
Cretaceous, ltoshiro subgroup of
the Tetori group, central japan.
8. Nippononaia mekongensis KOBAY ASHI, 1963, ( ?) Lower Cretaceous.
upper (or middle) part of the
Khorat series. east Thailand.
Of these species, the third (including
the fifth subspecies) and fourth species
were excluded by 0TA (1963) from Nippouonaia and considered to constituteIVakinoa OTA, 1963, a subgenus of Trigonioides. The sixth species may bealso assignable to Trigonioides (W akinoa).
The hinge structure of the eighth species
is imperfectly known. but it may belong
also to Wakinoa. because the posterior
lateral teeth were said to be crenulated(KOBAYASHI, 1963, p. 39).
There are some different opinions as
to the systematic position and ohvlogeny

lGlof Trigonioides and Nippononaia_ KoBAYASHI and SUZUKI (1936) and KOBAYASHI(1956. 1963) regarded Trigonioides as anaberrant and land-locked genus derived
from a certain trigoniid. As noted
above, SuZUKI (1941, 1943) assigned NiP·
pononaia as a member of the Unionacea,suggesting that the resemblance between
Trigonioides and Nippononaia might besuperficial.
On the other hand, Cox (1952. p. 45)
introduced for Trigonioides and Hoffetnj.;onia a new family name Trigonioididae. which was considered by him
to be more appropriately placed in theUnionacea than in the Trigoniacea. Although the family was once withdrawn
by himself (1955, p. 348), it was revived
bv KOBA y ASH! (1956) and subsequent inv~stigators. Cox (1955) emphasized again
the resemblance of the hinge structure
between "Trigonioides" and some groups_of Unio and between Hojfelrigonia andCastalia. suggesting that" Trigonioides ··and Hoffetrigonia bear no intimate relationship to the Trigoniidae. Unfortunately his specimen illustrated as " Trigonioides kodairai" (Cox. 1955, text-fig.
lA ; KOBAYASHI, 1956, pl. 5, fig. 3) is_
actually not a true Trigonioides, but
probably belongs to Plicatounio (Plicatounio) naktongensis. as pointed out by
KOBAYASIII (1956. p. 80). It has no strong
subumbonal teeth which are character·istically developed in Trigonioides (s. s.).
llowc.ver. Cox's opinion on the systematics of this pelecypod group was stillclearly expressed in his treatment of
Hoffetrigonia SUZUKI, 1940, which is now
regarded as a subjective synonym of

Trigonioides.
KOBAY ASH! (1956) described the dentition of Trigonioide.~ in detail. and expressed the disposition of hinge teeth
by means of the following dentition
formula:Jtaru HAYAMI ancl Takeo lCHJJ(A IVA

152

5a 3a (la+lb) 3b
4a 2a 1' -~
·or

Sa 3a

--- -4a(la+lb)-:z--- -

3b

3

la

(lb)

PI

4b

Trigonioides (II' akinoa) ..... .

·-za~IAEDA (1962) expressed the dentition of

Nippononaia tetoriensis l\•IAEDA by meansof the following formula :3a(5)-- (4)2- T'a{T'bf Pll -PlY

He compared the dentition with that of
the Trigoniidae*, suggesting again that
Trigonioides was derived from the Trigoniidae. lie interpreted the teeth la+lb and 1' of Trigonioides (s. s.) to beterminal products which were added tothe hinge of the Trigoniidae. and suggested that Nippononaia was possibly
derived from Trigonioides by the broadening of the shell and by the effacementof the subumbonal pseudocardinal teeth.
Subsequently KOBA YASHr's notation on
the hinge of Trigonioides was followedby 0TA (1959) and MAEDA (1963) withslight modifications. OTA (1959a) de·
scribed the dentition of Wakinoa (='" .Vippononaia" at that time), giving the following notation in correspondence withKoBAYASHI'S denomination on the hingeof Trigonioides :
5a 3a
3b 5b
(4aJ
-(1' J zb 41:)

(5al

Trigonioides (s. s.) ........... .

3b

(5b)

:ra-z-a-2& 4b--0TA (1963), on the contrary, gave theposterior lateral teeth of Plicatozwio andTrigonioides distinct letters from thepseudocardinal teeth as follows**:• As shown by Cox (1952. p. 47) and others,
the notation. which has been customarily applied to the hinge of the Trigoniidae, is as(5a) 3a 3bfollows: - · ~2(·lb)•• .. PI" and "Pill" in 0TA's figures (HJ63.
p. 501. figs. 2-6) should be interpreted as Pill
and PV respectively. The parentheses forthe teeth 4 are unnecessary.

5 3 (1)
PI (Pill)----w--z
1'- PI[-PfV ---agree with OTA (1963) in consideringthat some of the posterior lateral teeth
may be actually homologous with thoseof heterodont pelecypods and not withthe posterior cardinal teeth of trigoniids,
because the posterior lateral teeth of the
Trigonioididae are clearly separated fromthe pseudocardinals. It is, however,rather impossible to consider that thepseudocardinal teeth of the Unionidae
and the Trigonioididae are essentiallyrelated to the cardinal teeth of heterodont pelecypods. As observed before(HAY AMI, 1962), the cardinal teeth ofheterodont pelecypods are closely related
to the anterior lateral teeth, but in the
Trigonioididae there are no anterior lateral teeth. As deemed by Cox (1955),
BERNARD's notation of hinge teeth is
not applicable for the Unionidae and the
Trigonioididae. The letters, which havebeen individually given to the pseudocardinal teeth in the above cited dentition formulae of the Trigonioididae,
should be interpreted to bear no relation
to the notation on the cardinal and lateral teeth of heterodont pelecypods,
although these formulae may express toa certain extent the general dispositionof pseudocardinal and posterior lateral
teeth in respective species.
l am of opinion that the teeth of the
Trigonioididae are likewise independentof those of the Trigoniidae. The pseudocardinal teeth appear to be generally
not so variable in the Trigonioididae asin the Unionidae. The pseudocardinalteeth of the Unionacea are, however,495.

Niprononaia fro1n the Sanclm Area

not so fixed as the cardinal teeth of theHeterodontida and the Schizodontida andprobably related to the ·· primitive lamellae" of Palaeozoic actinodont pelecypods.
OTA (1963) suggested a phylogeneticalseries. Plicatounio (s. s.)- Plicatounio(Kwanmonia)-Trigonioides (W akinoa)Trigonioides (s. s.) as the result of his
study on the non-marine pelecypods
from the Kwanmon group in north
Kyushu. Because the surface ornament·
ation is quite different between Plicato·unio (s. s. and [(wanmonia) and Trigonioides (s. s. and Wakinoa). the evolution
from Kwanmonia to I•Vakinoa is notwarranted here. However, I agree with
him in considering that the peculiar
dentition of Trigonivides (s. s.) may havederived from an unionoid hinge by theenlargement of the subumbonal pseudo·
cardinal teeth. The hinge structure canbe regarded as a rapidly evolving char·acter in this case.
In the Kwanmon group, the first ap·
pearance of Plicatounio (s. s.). Kwatulzonia,
Wakinoa and Trigonioides (s. s.) are almost synchronous (0TA. 1963). In the
Tetori group. 1Vippononaia appearedmuch earlier than Trigonioides (s. s.).
To my regret. the correlation between
non-marine formations of different areas
is often very ditlicult owing to thescarcity of guide fossils. The order ofstratigraphic occurrence of these generaand subgenera in one sedimentary basin
may not always indicate their evolutional
history. Nevertheless. it is certain thatthe maximum development of W a/.!inoa
and Nippononaia seems to have takenplace prior to that of Trigonioides (..;. s.).
With regard to the hinge structure
and other morphological characters Trigonioides (Wakinoa) appears to be transi·
tiona! between Trigonioides (s. s.) andNippononaia.
In the type-species ofIV akinoa, " l'vippononaia ·· wakinoensis

OTA, 1959. the pseudocardinal and posterior lateral teeth are strongly crenu·
lated and the anterior pseudocardinal
tooth of the right valve (5 in OTA's
notation) is more clear,ly demarcatedthan in Nippononaia ryosekiana. They
are, however. very similar in the general
disposition of hinge teeth and the sur·face sculpture. In some respects it
might be possible to consider thatlV akinoa is a subgenus of Nippononaia.
On the grounds of the morphologicalrelationship and available stratigraphic
evidence it is reasonable to presumealternatively that Trigonioides (IVakinoa)
was a common ancestor of Trigoni·oides (s. s.) and Nipponon.aia or that
Trigonioides (s. s.) was derived fromXippononaia through Trigonioides (lVal?inoa). Hojfetrigonia SUZUKI, 1940 (type·species: Trigonioides kobayashi HOFFET)
is. as pointed out by KOBAYASHI (1956),
probably a synonym of Trigonioides(s. s.). but it might constitute an infra·
generic group for some Senonian species
with large dimensions and well develop·
ed subum bona! pseudocardinal teeth.
The ancestry of the Trigonioididae isstill an unsolved problem. but it should
be sought in Upper jurassic and earlier
species of the Naiadida instead of the
Schizodontida.
Trigonioididae Cox, 1952, have been
regarded as a distinct and valid family
by KOBAYASHI (195-+. p. H; 1956. p. 89),
0TA (1959, p. 100), l'viAEDA (1963, p. 80)
and OTA (1963. p. 511). although thename was withdrawn by Cox (1955).
Unfortunately, Cox (1952) and these sub·sequent authors failed to give any clear
diagnosis of the Trigonioididae. although
the relationship of this family to certain
families of the Unionacea and Trigoni·acea were discussed repeatedly by them.
The diagnostic characters of the Trigonioididae in my conception can be sum·

154

ftaru

HA YA!vfl and 1'akeo }C/Ifl(A W"lmarized as follows:
Shell commonly medium-sized. subtrigonal to elongate-ovate, longer thanhigh : lunule and escutcheon not defined,though sometimes a week carina extends
along the postero-dorsal margin ; umbolow. orthogyrous : ligament opisthodetic.
external ; surface commonly ornamented
with characteristic sculpture scribing Vs
on the middle part ; antero-dorsal andpostero-dorsal peripheral areas commonly provided with upward curving shortriblets: hinge of unionoid type, composed of several crenulated pseudocardinal teeth and posterior lateral teeth :posterior lateral teeth clearly separated
from the pseudocardinal teeth. neverforming an echelon as in some groupsof the Unionidae: subumbonal pseudocardinal teeth may or may not developed : umbonal cavity shallow.
The Trigonioididae. as defined above.
include Nippononaia besides Trigonioides.
The distribution of this family seems to

be confined almost to the Cretaceous
non-marine formations of eastern Asia.

References
ARAJ, Fusao, TAKEI, Kensaku. HosOYA, Hisashi and TAJ<AilASHI. Kiyoshi (1958):
Considerations concerning Lhe ripple
marks discovered in the Sanchu graben.
Earth Sci. (Chikyu Kagaku), (40), 1-12.
pis. L-4.
Cox. Leslie R. (1952): Notes on the Trigoniidae. with outlines of a classilkationof the family. Proc. Malacol. Soc. London.
29, (2-3), 45-70, pis. 3-4.
- - (1955) : On the affinities of the Cretaceous lamellibranch genera Trigonioides
and Hoffetrigonia. Geol. Mag .. 92. (4),345-349.
---- (1960) : Thoughts on the classificationof the Bivalvia. Proc. Malacol. Soc.
London. 34, (2). 60-88.
HASE. Akira (1960) : The Late Mesozoic
formations and their Molluscan fossils
in west: Chugoku and north Kyushu.

Explanation of Plate 17
p. 147
Figs. 1-8. Nippononaia ryosekia11a (SUZUJ(l)1. Plaster cast from a left external mould (GT. para type) x 1.5. Loc. uncertain.
2a. Left internal mould (GT. holotype) x 1.5. Loc. uncertain.
2b. Plaster cast from the same specimen (GIC H6765) x 1.5.
3a. Left valve (GK. H6755) x 1.5. Loc. middle course of Hachimanzawa. near Sebayashi,
Nakazato \'illage, Tano County. Gumma Prefecture.
3b. Upper view of the same specimen. x 1.5.
4. Deformed left \'alve (GK. H6760) x 1.5. Loc. dilto.
5. Deformed left valve (GK. 1!6759) x 1.5. Loc. ditto.
6. Deformed left valve (GK. H6762) x1.5. Loc. ditto.
7. Deformed left valve (GK. H6761) x 1.5. Loc. ditto.
8. Deformed right valve (GK. Il6i58) xl.5. Loc. ditto.
Figs. 9. 10. Protocyp1·i11a sp. indet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
p. 1-19·
9. Immature right valve (GK. H6764) xl.S. Loc. ditto.
10. Deformed bi\·alved specimen (GK. H6763) x 1. Loc. ditto. lOa: right view, lOb: left
view.

The specimens in Figs. 1 and 2 are presen·ed in the Geological Institute. University ofTokyo, and those in Figs. 3-10 are kept in the Department of Geology. K~·ushu University.
Photos by IcHIKAWA (Figs. 1. 2) and by HAYAMJ (Figs. 3-10).

HA Y AMI and I CI-IIKAWA:

Nippononaia ryosekiana

Plate 17

495.

Nippononaia }l'om the Sanclm Aren

jour. Sci .. lliroshima Unit• .. (C). 3. (2).
281-342. pis. 31-39.
IIAYA:\11. ILaru (1962): On the dentition
formulae of heterodont pelecypods. Fossils (1\aseki). (4). 67-78. (in Japanese)
HAYA:\11, lLaru and NAKAI. Isao (1965): Ona Lower Cretaceous pelecypod ... Cyrena ..
naumanni. from japan. Trans. Proc. Pal.
Soc. japan. N. S .. (59). 114-125. pls. 13, 14.
KoBAYASHI, Teiichi (1954): Studies on thejurassic trigonians in japan. Part 1.
Preliminary notes. japan. jour. Geol.
Geogr .. 25. (1-2). 61-80.
- - (1956) : On the dentition of Trigonioides and its relation to similar pelecypod genera. Ibid .. 27, (1). 79-92, pl. 5.
- - (1963): On the Cretaceous Ban Na Yo
fauna of cast Thailand with a note on
the distribution of Nippononaia. Trigonioides and Plicatounio. Ibid .. 34. (1). 3543. pl. 3.
KoBAYASIII, Teiichi and SuzuKI, Koiti (1936):
Non-marine shells of the Naktong-Wakino
series. Ibid .. 13. (3-4). 23·1-257. pis. 27-29.
MAEDA, Shiro (1962) : On tne occurrence ofNippononaia in the Late Mesozoic Tetorigroup. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. japan.
N. S .. (16). 2·13-248. !Jl. 38.
- - (1963): Trigonioides from the Latel'vlesozoic Tctori group. central japan.
Ibid .. l'!. S .. (51). 79-85. pl. 12.
MATSt::\IOTO. Tatsuro (1947) : The geologic
research of the Aritagawa valley. "Vakayarna Prefecture-A contribution to thetectonic history of the Outer Zone ofSouthwest japan. Sci. Rept .. Fac. Sci.
Kyuslw Unir•ersity, Ceo/., 2, (1). 1-12 (injapanese)- - (1963. ed.) : A survey of fossils fromjapan illustrated in classical monographs.
57 pp., 68 pis. Palaeont. Soc. japan. 25th
Anniversary Volume.
NAU:\IA:-;N, E. and NEUMAYR. M. (1890) : Zur
Geologie u nd Palaontologie von Japan.
/Jenkschr. Math.-l'l'aturzc. Cf.. Kaiser£.

155-

Akad. Wiss .. 57. 1-41. pis. 1-5.
Trigonioides and its
classiftcation. Trans. Proc. Pa/aeonl. Soc.
japan. N. S., (3'1). 97-104. pl. 10.
- - (1959a) : On the .. NipjJonolraia" fromthe Lower Cretaceou:; Wakino subgroup.
north Kyushu. Japan. Ibid .. N. S. (34).
105-110. pl. 11.
- - (1963) : Notes on the relationship ofTrigonioides and Pficatozmio. non-marine
1\-Iesozoic Bi val\•ia from eastern Asia.
Geol. Rept., Hiroshima Unit' .. (12). 503512.
REESIDF.:. john B. (1957): ~on-marine pelecypod (Nippononaia asinaria) from theLower Cretaceous of Colorado. jour.
Paleontology. 31. (3). 651-653.
SuzuKI. Koiti (19-11) : A new naiad. Unio
(Nippononaia) ryosekiana. n. subgen. andn. sp.. from the Lower Cretaceous ofjapan. jour. Ceo(. Soc. japan. 48. (575).
410-413 (Trans. Palaeonl. Soc. japan,(128). 58-61)- - (19,13) : Restudy on the non-marine
molluscan fauna of the Hakuto series in
Keisho-do, Tyosen. jour. Shigenkagaku
Kenkyusho. I. (2). 189-219, pis. 14-19.
TAKEI. Kensaku (1963): Stratigraphy andgeological structure of the Cretaceous
System in the eastern part of the Sanchu
graben, Kwanto mountainland. jozo·.
Ceo[. Soc. japan, 69, (810). 130-146.
VoKEs. Harold Ernest (1946): Contributions
to the paleontology of the Lebanon
mountains, Republic of Lebanon. Part 3.
The pelecypod fauna of the "Olive locality" (Aptian) at Abeih. Bull. American ,\Juseum Nat. Hist .. 87. (3). 143-215.
pis. 1-10.
YABE. Hisakatsu. NAGAO, Takumi and Sm:<.llzt;. Saburo (1926): Cretaceous Mollusca from the Sanchu graben in the
Kwanto mountainland, Japan. Sci. Rept.
Tohoku Imp. Unit•. (2). 9. (2). 33-76, pis.
12-17.
0TA. Yoshihisa (1959):

Locality guide
Hachimanzawa. near Sebayashi. south of Kagahara, Nakazato village, Tano Countr. Gumma
Prefecture (138"55'E. 36'01'N) ff..I.~~~!ffll1\g"ID.ii~?")lj(ffi1JitiiH:AtliRTrans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. N. S .. No. 60, pp. 156-165, pls. 18, 19, Dec. 20, 1965

-l9G.

SHELL STRUCTURE OF JAPANESE SMALLER FORA.IHINIFERAPART 1.

AMiliONL.t TOCHTGTENSTS (UCHIO. HJ51)*
HIROSHI UJIIE

Department of Paleontology. National Science Museum, Tokyo

El1:.ii1•Ht'r/HL.9l))'JiO)~~il!r; -t-0 I. .-!mmonia tochigiensis (Uc111o, 1951): C::.O).ill!0!iffnl;t. El ;ij.: C: -i-OJX!iftHGf.il10 ft:P:t:iJ:. ;:;=iJHE.:~nl.!:E.>i-3?.t.k;f.t*'!-C: l -c. "2n I? 01BtOJ~~~ii!t>i-~"'- 'C~e~i"' '5 c;!:l<!C. :~·1L9.-!.0 El?'?.i5Hfif*;f:illlili0-WJIC lJ:. -j C: -t '5 ;b0't' iiH> oiiI;~ !C: Rot alia tochigiensis Ucmo ~.\i~«'Cfl}Ncifi( 1_.,, .::-~til' Ammonia ~1: ;IS;:, c::. c,it:.. il't*O)I5]JijlO)}E~~j,· LA145Uittllff.;: ~'d.~':. C: f.,k c ~U)j ~ :fpl: 1_., f:..o -;,;. ;f;. !5Jfill:tli_;$:;Fi)'f'l-'1511tJ:t~*!fOJ~illtli!'t' <iS '5 L. c ~E~~ l, -'fO)!ij{~Jlk't' {;i:, 7E~.tiW!~i:~~f'f.ffl~? Itt:..

11J~~£0Jii5J5.?.\~lli~lf.:c,[\; ~'ii,

result in error and in providing more
confusion in further research.
Under this situation. it is necessarythat the japanese micropaleontologists
should examine the details of the japa·
nese Foraminiferal tests. The writer
has paid attention to the detailed con·struction of the Foraminifera, since hepublished a short note on the internal
structure of Elphidiidae in 1956. For
the stated reasons, the writer deems it
important to study the shell structureof the japanese Foraminifera as a serialwork.
At the beginning of this serial work.
the writer wishes to state that he welcomes the suggestions of all micropaleontologists and would also desire thecooperation of those persons interested
in the project.

Introduction

wlany authors. especially in japan,
have identified the smaller Foraminifera
based upon the superficial observations.of the external characters. However. on
the other hand, a few authors have in·vestigated the details of construction of
the Foraminiferal test and incorporated
such structure in the classifications andthis procedure is being progressed in
the last several years. Among them.
the most recent and synthetic system
was published by LOEBLICH et al. (196·1).
who referred to the investigations pub·lished up to 1960. As the result, thesystematics incorporating the internal
structure may somewhat different fromthe current taxonomy. The new system,
however, is considerably complicate andcontains room for re-examination insome parts. Therefore, a more assign·
ment of a taxonomic name used in the
new system to any old taxon would

Material

Roialia tochigiellsis re-examined here
was described from the !vlomiyama Sand·stone i\lember of the Kanuma Formation* Received l'vlay 11. 1965: read January 24.
1965 at Tokyo.

156

496.

Shell Stnccture of Ammonia tochigiensis

at 600 m northwest of ivlomiyama Stationof the Tobu Line in Tochigi Prefecture
by Ucrno (1951), who reported its occur·
renee to be common in a population
picked up from the rock-residues on asieve of 100 mesh. In another popula·tion obtained from the residues on the
200 mesh screen by the writer from thesame locality as that of Ucmo. relative·
ly few specimens of this species were
found in association with those of Gcw·
drynella tsuchidai, Vaginulina otukai,

157

Nonion boueanum var. multilobum, Elphidiella momiyamensis, Bolivina asanoi,.
and Eponides tanaii. They have beenrecognized to be characteristic species
in the japanese Middle ~'liocene. The
cause of the difference between composition of the two faunal populations.
mentioned above may be understoodfrom Text-fig. 1. where there is shown
the size-frequency distribution of theforaminiferal tests in the population~
obtained by the writer. The frequency

NUMBER of SPECIMENS------ TOTAL of ALL SPEC! ES
nrrm;mm:::mm MIDDLE MIOCENE SPEC! ES- - SEDIMENTS------ ------- -------=-..:--"':..-:.-:-::_-------- ----------------

FREQUENCY of CLASTIC PART! CLES (wt.%)
Text-fig. I.

curve is bimodal with a minimum atabout 0.9 mm in shell-diameter. It isinteresting that a component of thelarger sized shells is mostly composedof the \'Iiddle ~vliocene species mentioned
above, while another one consisting of
the smaller shells comprises a few rvliocene species and many " Recent species··
which yet sun·ive in the Recent sea.
Mechanical analysis of the sediments,
in which the foraminiferal tests were
found. also shows a bimodal size-frequency distribution which is quite comparable with that of the foraminiferal

tests. According to IIJULSTROl\l's experiment (1939) using spheric particles
of quartz. the particles with a diameter
exceeding 0.5 mm show greater erosion
velocity with the increase in their size:
the erosion velocity also increases in theparticles smaller than 0.5 mm. Such a
critical size as 0.5 mm might correspondto the shell-diameter (ca. 0.9 mm! of theminimum in Text-fig. 1, because theempty shell of the Foraminifera musthave lighter weight than specific gravit~rof quartz. Therefore. the \\Titer cannot
easily decide whether the larger shells

~158-composed of the " \liocene species" areendemic in this locality and the smaller
shells mainly composed of the " Recent~species·· are exotic being derived froman adjacent area or whether the reverse
case is true. In any case, the large
specimens of these l\liocene species weredamaged or abraded at least in parts
and the specimens of their young forms
are so rare that their ontogenetic de~\'elopment may be difficult to be clarified.
Fortunately. the writer found abun·dant specimens of these " :VIiocene spe~cies" in the Tate Conglomerate andSandstone !\(ember of the Kadonosawa
Formation at about 500 m south of thevillage of Shiratori. Fukuoka-machi.
Ninohe-gun, Iwate Prefecture. Shells
ranging from juvenile to full-growth of
Rotalia /ochigiensis were common in oc~
currence.
Thereby. the writer used
these materials for his investigation on
the shell construction.

5 : The \lomiyama Sandstone :vlemberof the Kanuma Formation (typelocality), with rare Miogypsina.
*6: The Higashi-innai Formation in
Yanagida-mura. Fugeshi-gun, in the
Noto Peninsula (ASANO, 1953a}.

Short Notes on the Distribution
Since Ro/alia /ochigiensis was describedin 1951, it has been reported from theundermentioned localities in Japan (seeText~fig. 2 also) :1: The siltstone of the Wakl<auenbetsu
Formation. in the Shintotsugawa
area. I<.abato·gun, Hokkaido (ASA:-\0.
1953b).
2: The Tate i\lember of the Kadono·sawa Formation, where there isfound the co-occurrence of verysmall sized Miogypsina cf. lzoloi
HANZAWA.

3: The Nishikurosawa Formation in
the Oga Peninsula. Akita Prefec·
ture (l\IATSUl\ AGA. 1963).
~4: The Numanouchi Formation of the
Takaku Group in Taira City (Fu·KUT.·\, 1955).

Text-fig. 2.

496.

Shell Structu-re of Ammonia tochigiensis

The Tochitsu and Sunagosaka/\lternations and the Nakanami
1\Iember at several places inToyama Prefecture (CHIJI, 1961).
The former two formations arein the Nonion-Rotalia Zone ofCmn (1961), who correlated itwith the so-called :\Iiog_vpsinahorizonorzone,
Operculina
whereas the Nakanami Member
occurs just above this zone.
*8: The Shukunohora Formation andthe lowermost part of the Oidawara Formation in the \lizunami
Group in .Mizunami City (T:\1.
1958).
The former formation
contains Miogypsina koloi very
abundantly at different localities.
*9: The Shiodani Sandstone i\•lemberof the Yuantani Formation of the
Tsuzuki Group in the area of
Okuyamada,Kyoto Prefecture*7:

typical Middle .Miocene zone of Japan.
According to SAITO's comprehensive
work (1963) on the planktonic Foraminifera in the Japanese l\Iiocene, this zone
corresponds to the Globorotalia johsi
barisanensis Zone. Standing on thepresent age-consideration. the rare occurrence of it in the Takaku Groupmay be doubtful.
It seems to the writer that the correlation of the Tertiary rocks within
the Japanese Islands is quite possible
should such a benthonic smaller Foraminifera with complicate shell structure
be used. Further, the neritic habitat of
Rotalia tochigiensis, which is known only
from an inner neritic environment judging from the associated fossils and fromthe lithofacies (sandstone to sandy silt·stone) may serve as an import ant paleoecological indicator.

(TAl. 1959).

*10:

The Toyoda Formation of the
Fujiwara Group in Nara City

Generic Position from View-pointof Shell Structure(TAL 1957).

*11-13 : The I\.atsu ta Formation in the
Tsuyama Basin. Okayama Prefec·
ture (TAl, 1954 and 1959).
*14: The Lower sandstone of the Bihoku Group south of Niimi City
(TAl. 1957).
*15: The Lower sandstone of the Bi·
hoku Group in the Shobara Basin.
Hiroshima Prefecture (T AI. 1953).
*16: The Lower sandstone of the Bihoku Group in the :Vliyoshi Basin.
Hiroshima Prefecture (TAl. 1957).
Rotalia tochigiensis was only listedfrom the localities marked with asterisk
and, therefore, there is room to ascertain its true occurrence. All of thestrata with it are nearly restrictedwithin the so-called Miogypsina kotoiOperculina complanata japonica Zone; al'vlany species hitherto considered tobelong to the so-called Rotalia shouldbe transfered to other genera. e. g. Ammonia. Pseudorotalia, Pararolalia ...~lstero­rota/ia, Cuuillierina, Notorotalia, etc .. be·cause the type species of Rotalia. i.e.
Rotalites trochidaejormis LAI\1:\RCK. has
seyeral special and rather unique characters in comparison with other .. Rot alia."
as shown already by DAVIES (1932).
S;-.IQUT (195.:!), REISS and YlERLI:\G (1958),
and others. The most common speciesof " Rot alia ", namely Nautilus beccarii
Ll:\:\E including its allies, had beenplaced by authors frequently under thegeneric name of Streblus FISCHER DE
WALDHEIM, 1817.
That genus was,however. preoccupied and suppressedby -'lmmonia I3Rti:\NTCH. 1772. with thesame type species (N. beccarii) as Stre-

r

160

Hirosh'i U!IIE

bh1s, as discussed in detail by FRIZZELL
and KEEN (1949),
Rot alia tochigien sis Ucmo, 1951, wasstated in the original work resemble
Ammonia beccarii ( LI:-:N(O in morphological features and therefore both
species were considered as congeneric.
As supplemental to the original description, however. it should be added thatthe internal structure of " Rolalia "iochigiensis shows a tendency to lean
towards that of Pseudorolafia REISS andMERLING, 1958.
In the type species of Pseudorolalia.
namely Rotalia schroeteriana CARPENTEI{,PARKER and ]0:-.:ES, 1862, REISS andMEHLING (1958) found that the toothplate at its most distal and free end
forms a backwards directed fold and it
and other features show also someother distinctions from other species of"Rotalia ". The characteristic featuresof Pseudorotalia were clearly shown by
REISS (1963) as being the sutural canals
in both spiral and umbilical cav1t1es.
On the other hand, Ammonia has persistently open fissures around the umbilical plug and along the ventral sutures.
HOFKER (1951) already regarded the present ventral fissures <his sunken ventral
sutures) as the beginning of the sutural
canals, probably, plus the umbilical cavities (his umbilical canal system). Supporting this view. the insufficiently
closed septal spaces and umbilical cavities were recognized in Turbinu/ina
gaimardii FoR:-.:ASJ:-11, 1906 (=Rotalia
papi/losa BRADY, 1884), a species which
belongs to the genus Pseudorotalia according to the writer's observation ofits shell structure 0963). And it and" Rotalia '' tochigiensis show rather wide
septal space comparable to that of
Pseudorota!ia on the umbilical side.
" R.'' tochigiensis also shows strong
torsion of the tooth pia le in a mannervery similar to those of Pseudorotalia
sclzroeterialla and P. gaimardii differingfrom the weak one of Ammonia beccarii.
The shape of the intercameral foramen
is very similar between "R." tochigiensis, P. schroeteriana, and P. gaimardii,
forming an interiomarginal and elongate
opening, the umbilical half of which isapart from the base of the septum because of the well development of the
tooth plate. The intercameral foramenof A. beccarii is a rather simple commashape (for example, see the ·• apertureon the penultimate chamber .. of lsHJ·
ZAKI. 1943, and also HOFKER, 1950).
In a text-book published recently,
LOEBLICII and TAPPAN {1964) describedthat Pseudorotalia differs from Ammonia,
Rotalia, and Lockhartia in having sutural canals and in lacking umbilicalaperture. which is also absent in Ammonia as shown by REISS and ivlERLING(1958) and in "Rotalia.. tochigiensis.
Besides, there are several discrepancies
between Lm:Jli.ICII and TAPPA:-<'s description of P.~eudorotalia and its original
one, which is also different somewhat
from the writer's obsenation (1963\ on
Pseudorolalia gaimardii especially concerning the umbilical ca\'ity or theventral chamberlet, These problems,
however, shall be clarified in anotherwork on the shell structure of other•· Not alia " in the near future. The
diagnosis of Ammonia by LOI'RLICH and
TAPPAN also includes several questionable points as follows: "-septa primarily double: wall calcareous. finely perforate, radial in structure; umbilicalsurface with irregular granules along
suture and over umbilical region: umbilicus with open umbilical fissures andplug in young forms. which is broken
up into numerous fused pillars andbosses in adult specimens. - ; apertureinteriomarginal ". Truly. however. the49G.

Shell Strncture of Ammonia /ochigiensis

septa is secondarily double as inPseudorolalia and the statement on
the aperture is simple too. The conditions of the wall-perforation. of
the ornamentation of the umbilicalsurface. and of the umbilical plugshown by both authors appear to
be seen only in Ammonia beccarii(see Remarks). These features may
be less important as generic characters.
Thus. it may be concluded that.. Rotalia" tochigiensis should be
included into the limits of Ammonia(sensu lato) but shows a slighttendency in its structural features
to lean towards its allied genus.
Pseudorotalia.

161...... ····· ····.~.~:\.
.......······

sch2···...
·······....

sch7.. ···.. ·········\:

Description
Family Rotaliidae EIIREKBERG. 1838
Genus Ammonia BIHi:\1\ICH. 1772
Ammonia toclligiensis (Ucmo. 1951)
Text-figs. 3a, b; Pl. 18, figs. 1-7;
Pl. 19, figs. 1-5
tochigiensis Ucmo. 1951. pp.
37·1-376. pl. 5, figs. la-c.-AsANO.
1951. text-figs. 17a. b.
cr. Rotalia /oc!Jigiensis MATSUI"ACA.
1963 (not Ue111o). pl. 52. figs. 9a-c.
Rotalia

Description:- Test free. biconvex
to plano-convex. low trochospiralcoil of three or four volutions. periphery round : spiral sutures notlimbated but depressed: chambers
numerous. increase up to 16 per one
volution with shell-growth; interiomarginal sutures not limbated. considerably raised on spiral side owing
to deposition of clear and imperforate shell substance. deeply depressed on umbilical side. forming

Text-figs. 3a. b.
sch 1 and sch 2 :-supposed last and penultimate
chambers, ch 3 to ch 5 :-ante-penultimate andpreceding chambers -in the last \·olution, sui:supposed ·• umbilical lip", ul :-"umbilical lip",
vf :-Yentral fissure. up :-umbilical plug. saj :supposed apertural face. sa :-supposed aperture,sj:-septal face, /:-septal foramen between the
penultimate and the ante-penultimate chambers,t' :-incomplete tooth plate dividing the last
sector into chamber lumen and umbilical space
under the "umbilical lip", t 1 :-complete but
broken tooth plate. t 2 :-protruded part of theante-penultimate tooth plate. into the penulti·
mate chamber from the penultimate septal face(sf of this figure).

162

lbl'osh·i U!IIE

open ventral fissures; inlercameral septa
imperforate, secondarily double, leaving
open space on umbilical side but perfectly closed and then boundary of twolamellae indistinct on spiral side; wallcoarsely perforate, of radially fibrous
calcite ; spiral and umbilical surfaces
rather smooth, without distinct ornamentation; umbilicus with open umbilical-ventral fissures and a large central
plug throughout. umbilical plug extending inward to proloculus, forming asingle clear pillar of shell substancewithout canal ; aperture interiomarginalbasal narrow slit on umbilical side. its
umbilical end continuing to slit beneath"umbilical lip .. ; interiomarginal foramen
converted from aperture, probably bypartial resorption of apertural faceslighlly before addition of new chamber,
elongate opening, umbilical part of \vhich

is apart from base, becomes discontinuous to slit under .. umbilical lip" withinsame sector and, after formation of newchamber, strongly torted free margin
added. extending forward first and thenfolding backward quickly; "umbilical
lip .. imperforate, clear. extending fromchamber-wall within same sector, covering a part of umbilicus. leaving posterior and anterior slits (="labial aperture ") but no umbilical one.
Jlypotypes :-Reg. Nos. (Department ofPaleontology, National Science :tvluseum)5580 to 5596, from the Tate Member ofthe Kadonosawa Formation at about 500
m south of the village of Shiratori.
Fukuoka-machi, Ninohe-gun. lwate Prefecture. All specimens figured in thispaper are from this locality. Reg. Nos.
5597 to 5599, from the Momiyama Sandstone ivlember of the Kanuma Formation

Explanation of Plate 18(Figs. 1--4: x 40; figs. 5-7:

X 100)

Figs. 1-4. External views showing shell growth. The characters are rather constant in every
point except for the increasing of the number of chambers per one volution. a: spiralside, b: umbilical side, c: apertural side.
Fig. 1. Full-grown specimen with obscure aperture owing to the adhersion of rock matrix;
Reg. ~o. 5580.
Fig. 2. Adult with aperture of an interiomarginal-basal slit, whose umbilical end continues tothe slit under the " umbilical lip" : Reg. ?\o. 5581.
Fig. 3. Specimen with a doubtful aperture. because it has the shape of an intercameral foramen ; Reg. No. 5582.
Fig. 4. Young specimen with an aperture of interiomarginal-basal slit; Reg. ::'1/o. 5583.
Figs. 5-7. Vertical sections showing shell growth.
Fig. 5. Full-grown adult with coarsely perforate spirothecal wall, imperforate and clear septal
wall and .. umbilical lip", which covers the umbilical cavity. and a single but largetransparent umbilical plug. At some junctions of the spirothecal wall upon the previous volution on the spiral side. there are oflen inserted small masses of clear shell
substance (s in fig.); that is probably a part of the septal wall (/: intercameral foramen, I: tooth plate, d: secondary deposition of shell ·substance). Reg. No. 5586.
Fig. 6. Young specimen with the shell construction essentially similar to the full-grown one;Reg. No. 5588 ..
Fig. 7. Very young specimen with thin spirothecal wall and lacking the umbilical plug due
to the deconstruction in preparation of the section ; Reg. No. 5589.

UJII!:: : Structure of Ammonia tochigiensis

Plate 18

4a4b

-~96.

Shell Stnwture of Ammonia tochigiensis·at 600 m northwest of l\Iomiyama Stationof the Tobu Line in Tochigi Prefecture(Type locality). They are reposited in
the National Science !vluseum. Tokyo,
japan.
Remarks :-Comparing this species
with the figures of the topotypes ofAmmonia beccarii (LJ:><NE. 1758) illustrated by CusHMAN (1928) of many dif·ferent stages of the shell growth. UCHIO(1951) correctly pointed out that '"-bothyoung and adult tests of R. tochigiensis
have a umbilical plugs, smooth surfaces
and the sutures on the ventral side
without ornamentation. while R. heccarii(L.) has smooth surfaces and no umbili·
cal plug in young form. -. in the mature
stage. the ventral plug is broken into
several large bosses: -". Besides. hestated that the intercameral septa of
the latter species are double because of
the presence of depression on theirsutures. from the simple limbate suturesof the former species. This procedure
may be in need of reconsideration be·cause of the misinterpretation of thetrue meaning of the .. double septa"
and of the .. limbate sutures".
In addition to the difference of ornamentation. probably of specific level. thewriter noticed that Ammonia tochigiensis
has coarse perforation. whereas Ammonia
beccarii has fine perforation. This difference in perforation has been often
considered as worthy of generic distinc·tion in Foraminiferal taxonomy. In the
Rotaliidae, REISS and l11'1ERLil\G ( 1958)
and REISS (1963) also regarded suchkind of perforation to be worthy and de·scribed that the perforation of Ammonia
is fine. and subsequently LOEBLICH and
TAPPAN (1964) adopted this feature in
their diagnosis of the genus Ammonia.
However. the writer thinks that thiscriterion is not of generic value but is--of specific level at least in this family.

168

The perforation consists of protoporesin both species.
Acknowledgements

The writer wishes to express hishearty thanks to Professor Kotara HA·
TAI of the Tohoku University and to
Dr. Hiroshi OZAKI of the National Sci·
ence Museum for their kind reviewing
the manuscript. Thanks are also due
to Dr. Shigeru AOKI of the Institutionof Civil Engineering of the Tokyo i\Ietropolitan Government for his kind giftof rock sample from the Kaclonosawa
Formation.
References(l953a): ?vliocene Foraminiferafrom the Shintotsugawa area. I<abatogun, Hokkaido. Trans. Proc. J'alaeont.
Soc. japan. N. S .. no. 10. pp. 4:'i·54.
- - (1953) : l\liocene Foraminifera from the:1\oto Peninsula. Ishikawa Prefecture.
Short Paper Ins/. Geol. I'aleon/., Tohtiku
Univ .. no. 5, pp. 1-21, pis. 1-3.
CJIJJJ. M. (1961): Neogene bio3tratigraphyof the Toyama sedimentary basin. JapanSea coast. Bull. Osaka A/us. Nat. His/..
no. 14, 88 pp., pl. l.
CusJJ:-IAN, }. A. (1928) : On Rotalia beccarii(LI?\:-o;E). Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram.
Res., vol. 4. pt. 4, pp. l03-10i. pl. 15.
DAYJES, L. M. (1932) :The Genera Dictyo·
conoides NuTTALL, Lockhartia nov .. andRotalia LA:-tARcK: their type species.
generic differences, and fundamental distinction from the Dictyoconus group offorms. Trans. Royal Soc. Edinburgh. vol.
57' pt. 2. pp. 397-428, pl. l-4.
FRIZZELL, D. L. and A.M. KEEN (1949) : On
the nomenclature and generic position of
Nautilus beccarii Lt'>="E (Foraminifera.
.. Rotaliidae "). jour. Paleont., vol. 23.
no. 1, pp. 106-108.
Ft;KL'TA. 0. (1955): On the Takaku Groupin view of the micropaleontological
As.\:-o;o, K.

164standpoint. Bull. Ceo/. Sun1. japan, !'OI.
6, 1w. 11, pp. 23-30 (in Japanese withEnglish abstract).
F. (1939): Transportation of
detritus by moving water, in TRASK's.. Recent marine sediments". Pub!. Soc.
Econ. Paleont. Miner. pp. 5-31.
1-loFJ<ER . .J. (1950): Wonderful animals of
the sea, Foraminifera. Amsterdam Naturalist. vol. 1. no. 3. pp. 1-20.
- - (1951): The Foraminifera of the Siboga
Expedition. Siboga Expeditie. Mon. IV,(c). Pt. 3, 513 pp.
IsmzAKI, K. (1943) : On the aperture of
the Foraminiferal genus St1·eb/us. Trans.
Nat. /list. Soc. Tain·an. ~·o/. 33, no. 235,
pp. 90-95 (in Japanese).
LEOBLICII, A. R. ]R. and H. TAI'I'AK (1964):
Sarcodina, chiefly ·• Thecamoebians .. and
HJI.:LSTRCi~t.

Foraminiferida. in lVloollE's ·• Treatise
on invertebrate paleontology", pt. C. voL
2. Pub!. Geol. Soc. America and Kansas
Univ. Press. pp. 513-900.
MATstJNAGA, T. (1963) : Benthonic smaller
Foraminifera from the oil fields of northern Japan. Sci. Rep. TOMku Univ .. 2ndser .. !'o/. 35. no. 2. pp. u7-122. pis. 24-52.
RI'ISS, Z. (1963) : Reclassification of perforate Foraminifera. Bull. Israel Ceo/ ..
Sun· .. no. 35. 111 pp., 8 pis.
- - and P. MERLI="G (1958) : Structure ofsome Rotaliidae. Ibid.. no. 21, 19 pp., 5.
pis.
SAtTO. T. (1963) : Miocene planktonic For-.
aminifera from HonshQ, Japan.
Sci.
Rep. T/JhOku L'niv .. 2nd ser .. 110/. 35, no.
2, pp. 123-209. pis. 53-56.
s~-tot:T, A. H. (195<1): Lower Tertiary For-

Explanation of Plate 19(X 100)Figs. 1--4. Horizontal sections showing shell growth. The most remarkable feature may be~
the gradual thickening of the septal wall and. especially, of the spirothecal wall in the
inner volutions of the larger shells. This may be due to the. accumulation of lamellae
following shell growth as stated by S~tOtJT (1955) concerning the lamellar structure ofhis " rotaliid septa".
Fig. 1. Adult with coarsely perforate spirothecal wall and with constractingly imperforate
walls of intercameral septum, of tooth plate, and of "umbilical lip", and of umbilicalplug. There is recognized a simple passage of the intercameral foramen at the base of
septal wall (namely, its proximal side) in the outer volutioh: the passage becomes apartfrom the base by the insertion of the torted tooth plate in the inne1· volution. This.
continuous change is due to that the plane of the section cuts more the umbilical sideof the inner volution and, at the same time. the more spiral side of the outer volutionof nearly biconvex test like this species. Another remarkable feature is that the apertural wall consists of one lamella but the intercameral septa consist of two lamellae
leaving the closed septal space. As seen in the central part of this figure. there ishardly no open space in the umbilical-ventral fissure also. Reg. No. 5590.
Fig. 2. Adult cut at the more umbilical side tluln Fig. 1, showing considerably open spaces
in septal walls and in umbilical-ventral fissures: Reg. No.-5592.
Fig. 3. Young specimen with shell construction very similar to tha·t of the adult. especially,
having torted tooth plate in the inner volutions; Reg. No. 5593.
Fig. 4. Very young specimen showing perforate spirothecal wall and imperforate septal wall:
Reg. No. 5594.
Fig. 5. Vertical section of an adult showing shell construction very similar to Fig. 5 of Plate
18, but with considerably concealed umbilical cavities; Reg. No. 558i.

UJJif:.;: Stpucture of Ammonia tochigiensis

Plate 19

496.

Shell Structure of jlnbmonia tochiyiensis

aminifera of the Qater Peninsula. British
l\Ius. (Nat. Ilist.). London, 96 pp., 15 pis.
- - (1955) : Reclassification of the Rotaliidae(Foraminifera) and two new Cretaceous
forms resembling Elphidium. jour. Washington Jlcad. Sci .. vol. 45. no. 7. pp. 201210.
T.>.r. Y. (1953) : Miocene Foraminifera fromthe Shobara Basin, Hiroshima Prefecture.
jour. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., ser. C. vol. 1.
no. 3, pp. 1-9.
- - (1954) : l\•Iiocene Foraminifera from the
Tsuyama Basin. Okayama Prefecture.
Japan. Ibid .. no. 4, pp. 1-24, pl. l.
· - - (1957) : ~Iicrobiostratigraphical studyof the Cenozoic strata of the western
Setouchi Province. Japan. Ceo[. Rep.
Hiroshima Univ., no. 5. pp. 1-58 (inJapanese with English abstract).
- - (1958): On the "Togarian Stage"-

Fugeshi-gun
Fukuoka-machi
Kabato-gun
Miyoshi Basin
Momiyama Station
Ninohe-gun
Noto Peninsula
Oga Peninsula

IJ.l.~fl(;?I'll (lDj lilT
~p llll~~:ftJt!!.

ti:C: III !!R
~ p

!lll

Jjg~:f:e&" tf[ :'Fbi

165~Iiocenemicrobio:.;tratigraphy of the
Setouchi geologic province. jour. Ceo/.
Soc. japan. vo/. 64. no. 757. pp. 516-525(in japanese with English abstract).
- - (1959) : :vliocene microbiostratigraphyof we;;t Honshu, japan. jour. Sci. Hiroshima Unit• .. sec. C. vo/. 2. no. 4, pp.
265-395, pl.;. 39-'13.
UcHIO, T. (1950) :Tertiary fossil faunafrom Tochigi Prefecture (1). jour. Ceo/.
Soc. japan. rol. 56, no. 661. pp. 455-458(in Japanese with English abstract).
- - (1951) : New species of Foraminiferaof the Miocene age in Tochigi Prefecture.
Japan. Ibid .. vol. 57. no. 671. pp. 369377. pl. 5.
UJIIE, H. (1963) : Foraminifera from the
Yurakucho Formation (Holocene), Tokyo
City. Sci. Rep. Tokyo Kyoiku Daigaku.
sec. C. vol. 8. no. 79. pp. 229-243, pis. 1-3.

Okuyamada
Shintotsugawa
Shiratori
Shobara Basin
Tobu Line
Tsuyama Basin
Yanagida-mu ra~ Ill Ul:tJT-h'I1·Jll~-~

1±.11R~Jt!!.

W:Jil:rf
WLIJ~Jt!!.

fliP m H

Tran~.

497.

Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. N. S.. No. 60. pp. 166-171. pl. 20. Dec. 20. 1965

AS.'lNONHLLA SHOJI! N. GEN .. N. SP. (FAlVI. DISCORBIDAE)-FH.OM TOKUNOSHIMA. KAGOSHIMA PREFECTURE. JAPAN*
TUN'\'OW HCANG
Institute of Geology and Paleontology Faculty of Science.
Tohoku UniYersity, Sendai, Japan~~~.&~Ht:tltFfL.!ho:>-m~ · ~fl:m!Pc.Ha~if- :kE:iW fg.Zlil;IIIJ ftlito:>iflW~J:. 'J ~tlfl"
Asa1wne/la shojii clf!J,gL,, -E"O)iJc~~~I::J!!I{ii:~.
Jtl!J!J!(f':J7t;{fi~c::.~l.c~1ii'"~i¥i7it'J: · l.t'WHHL.Pft:Ofit~.fU'i!fr~";.t ~ 1J:
itgtO)~jji · ~N!/Ji~J!¢;!Lf.:O)~.

genus Epistomine/la, Tnwcalulina andEponides, and should be described as
new to science.
The many specimens of this interest·
ing foraminifer remained unnoticed as
to its precise taxonomic position because
at first sight the structure of its test
closely recalls certain other Rotaliid
genera (Epistominella. l~ponides, andTnmcalulina etc.).
Based on the microstructure. lamellar
characters and internal structures, thisnew genus should be placed in thefamily Discorbidae, Ehrenberg, 1838.

Introduction
While studying rock samples from theKametsu Formation of Tokunoshima at
the request of by Dr. Rikii SHOJ! of the
Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku University
the writer found a new genus am! new
species of Foraminifera. The same genus
and species was also found by the writerin the samples from the Sanhsien-chi
section of eastern Taiwan (1964) andfrom a Pliocene formation in southern
Taiwan. Previously the writer referred
the specimens here described as Epislomillel/a lubulifera (HERON-ALLE~ andEARLAND) (liUANG. 196~. pl. 3. figs. 1-2).
However, from the present study it was
found that in the thin section and dissected specimens of the species, theapertural character,; and suture opening
were arranged in special form. That is,
the tooth of transparent shell material
protrude from the previous spiral wallof the inner margin of the aperture.
This structure. and other details which
are described in this article indicate thatthe specimens are not related to the

Acknowledgements
The writer expresses his sincere gratitute to Professor Kiyoshi AsA~O of theInstitute of Geology and Paleontology,.
Facult}' of Science, Tohoku University
for his kind guidance and advice on thetaxonomy of the Foraminifera. Thanks
are also due to Professor Kotora HATAIof the same Institute for the reading
the manuscript and for his encouragement. He also thanks Dr. Yokichi TAKAYAt-:AGI of the same Institute for his
valuable discussions and encouragement.
Special thanks are due to Assistant Pro-

• Received :Via}' 21. 1965; read June 20. 1965
at Kanazawa.

166

4.97.

AsnnMiella shojii n. ge'tk n. sp. from 1'okunoshima

fessor Rikii SHOJI of the Department of
Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engine·
ering, Tohoku University for kindly
submitting his collection to the writerfor study and for his kind informationon the geology of Tokunoshima Island.
Acknowledgement is also made of thepartial financial support of this investi·
gation through a grant from the japan
Society for the Promotion of Science aspart of the japan-U.S. Cooperative
Science Program.
Systematic Paleontology

Phyllum Protozoa
Class Sarcodina
Order Foraminiferida EICHW ALD. 1830
Superfamily Discorbacea
EIIRENflERG. 1838
Family Discorbidae EHRENBERG, 1838
Subfamily Discorbinae EHRENBERG. 1838
Genus Asanonella HUANG. new genus
Genotype:- Jlsanonella. sho;ii HUANG.
n. sp.

Description:-Test free. trochospiral.
lenticular to unequally biconvex. peri·
phery subacute : chambers numerous. allchambers visible. sutures strongly oblique
on dorsal side. generally radial on urn·
bilical side : only final whorl visible :wall calcareous. perforate. with mono·lamellar character and radial structure :aperture elongate at interiomarginal part,
margins round. extending from nearumbilicus to near periphery, with pore·less tooth protruding from previous
spiral wall : supplementary sutural open·
ings at ventral side of last few chambers.
Remarlls :-The genus is named in167

honour of Professor ASANO. an eminent
foraminiferalogist under whose direction
the present work was accomplished.
This monotypic genus has the generalouter form and wall structure similar to
the genus Discorbis, but has a charac·
teristic aperture with poreless apertural
tooth. The morphological character.
micro-structure and lamellar character
obsen·ed in dissected specimens andthin section, indicate that this form
belongs to the Discorbidae. The aper·
ture is similar to the genus Discorbis
established by LMIARCK in 1804. but
the new genus shows different shape of
the aperture which has a tooth of trans·parent shell material on the interio·
marginal portion (pl. :w. figs. l-2). andwith round periphery of aperture.
Geologic and geographic distribution:Mentioned under the new species de·scribed below.
Asanonel/a slwjii, new species
Pl. 20. figs. 1-9

llolotype :-IGPS coli. cat. no. 86381
from locality No. 28. lat. 27.·13·37"N ..
long. 129o1'13''E .. a small cliff near the
grounds of the Kametsu II igh School.
Tokunoshima·cho (Figure 1). Kagoshima
Prefecture. Kyushu. Japan. Kametsu
Formation, Pleistocene.
Paratype :-IGSP coli. cat. nos. 8638286385 from the same sample of the same
locality as of the holotype.
Thin section :-Horizontal section (IGPS
coli. cat. no. 86391) from the same sam·pie and same locality of the holotype.
Description :-Test free, biconvex,
slightly more elevated dorsally thanventrally, composed of about 2! whorls
all visible on dorsal side. only last-formed
whorl visible on ventral side. early
chambers obscured by ornamentation,

168

TnnJJOW HUANG

in large specimens. occasionally flaring
and well separated at periphery, limbation may coalesce to form small
protuberant cups, with excavatedcenters. Tubular outgrowths especially marked on dorsal surface, in large
specimens, often toward peripheraledges and at times wanting on ventral surface. Ventral surface smooth,polished ; sutures nearly radiate, moreor less depressed. Aperture interiomarginal, elongate on inner marginof final chamber. periphery round, extending from near umbilicus to near
periphery, with tooth of transparent
shell material. protrude from previous
Fig. I. Map of Kametsu coast of Tokuno·
spiral wall at periphery of aperture:
shima showing location of the sample locality.
supplementary sutural opening at
X mark is the type locality of Asanonella shojii
ventral side of last few chambers.
Ht;A;>;G, new species.
In younger form, umbilical area very
six to seven chambers m last-formed
small, marked by a transparent solid
whorl : wnll calcareous. coarsely perfomass of shell material. which flush withsurface, and does not project as arate, radial and monolamellar in structure. Dorsal suture thickened but not
stud ; in adult form, ventral view ofraised. almost tangential; dorsal surface,last chamber nearly twice as large as
walls of chambers between sutural lines
previous chambers and more or less-coarsely perforate with limbate margin.
inflated.

Dimensious :Maximum
diameter(in mm)Minimum
diameter(in mm)lleight(in mm)0. 2:l

0.19

0.13

0.36

0.32

0.2

0.28

0.22

0. 15

0.31

0.27

0. 18

0. 26

0.22

0. 14

Topotype A

0.36

0.28

0.2

Tupotype B

0.25

0.21

0. 16

0.3

0.25

0. 17

0.39

0.37

0.23

0.3

0.25

0.2

Type
(IGI'S coli. cat. no.)I lolot}•pe(86381)Paratype A(86384)
Paratype B(86383)Paratype C(86382)Paratype D(86385)(86386)(81)387)
Topotype C(86388)Topotype D(86389)Topotyp;: E(86390)-I!J7 . . Asanonellu shofii n. gen .. n. sp. from 'l'okunoshimrt/Jepository :-The holotype, paratype.
and thin section are deposited in theInstitute of Geology and Paleontology,
Faculty of Science, Tohoku University.
Sendai. japan.
Comparisons :-This new species closely resembles Truncatulina tubulijera
HEIW~·ALLE:\ and EARLAND, 1915 andof CUSII:\1AN. 192-1: Epistominella tubuli·
jera (1-IE!WN-:\Ll.E~ and EARLANDl of
ToDD. 1957. and Eponides tubulijera(HERON-ALLEN and EARL\:\D) var. canimareinsis P.\UIER and BERMUDEZ. 1936.
Although, the present new species has
a test form and surface ornamentationin the raised tubes. coarse perforationon the dorsal surface and smooth surface
on the ventral side similar to the species
mentioned above. it is quite different
from those species in the apertural character and supplementary suture opening on the ventral side. The aperturalcharacter of the above mentioned species
all show an elongate slit on the inner
margin of the final chamber and no
supplementary suture opening on theventral side. The apertural characteris an import<111t character for the classification of the Foraminifera therefore,
the apertural character is believed to be
an important rriteria for the newly proposed genus.
Geologic and geographic distribution:This species occurs from the Pliocene
formations of the Sanhsieng-chi sectionin eastern Taiwan and the Pleistocene
Kametsu Formation at the type locality
and locality No. 12-1. Nishiagon, lsen·chO
in Tokunoshima. This geographic spe·
·cies range of this is the Taiwan-Toku·noshima region and its chronological dis·tribution is the Plio-Pleistocene in age.
Remarl~.~ :-This species is named inhonor of ;\ssistant Professor Rikii SllOJI·Of the Department of Mining Engine·.ering, Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku

169

University, who collected the material.
This species is found in the loose.
fossiliferous. calcareous sandy part of
the Kametsu Formation.
According to Dr. Rikii SHOJI (personalcommunications). the sand facies of theKametsu Formation corresponds sedi·
mentologically to the 2nd cycle of de·position studied by him. This facies
has yielded such smaller Forminifera :I.

Planktonic poulation
Globgerina folia/a BOLLI
Globigerinoides conglobalus (BRADY)
Globigerinoides ruber in'ORBIGNY)
Clobigerinoides quadrilobatus
sacwlifer (BRADY)
Clobigerinoides trilobus (REUSS)
Globoquadrina dutertrei (ll'ORBIGNY)
Globorotalia crassaformis (GA I. LOW A Y
and \VJSSLER)
Globorolalis menardii (l>'ORIIIC:-.:Y)Globorotalia trun wt ulinoides(ll'ORBIGNY)
Hast gerina siplwnifera (n'ORBIGNY)
Orbulina uniuersa n'OiWIGNY
Pulleniatina ohliquilocu{a/a 1PARKER
and ]0:\ES)

II. Benthonic population
A. Dominant species.-!111 phislegi na madagasca rir>nsi s
n·ormrG~Y.-lmphistegina radiata (FICIITEL and~·lOLL)

Baculogypsina sphaerulata 1 PARKER
and ]o:\ES)
Calcarina hispida BRADY
Calcarina spengleri iG:...tEI.I:'\J
Cibicides lobatulus (WALKER andjACOB)
Cibicides praecinctus (KARRER)
Cibicides pseudoungerianus\CUSHMA:\)

Elphidium fax harbarensc NICOL
B. Rare species
Ammonia beccarii (LI:>:NAEUS)

Tunyow HUAt.rG

170;lmmon ia 11 i J>Pon ica (ASA 1'0)
Anomalina collingera Cusm.IAN and

Loxostomum paci_(icum LEROY
Alississippina concenlrica (PARKER
and JONES)

PARR

Bolivina schwagerina BRADY
Bolivina semicostata CusJntAN
Cancris auriculus (FICHTEL and
MOLL)

Cassidulina asanoi UCHIO
Cassidulina califonzica CUSH~!A:'\and HUGHES

Cibicides refulgens (\lo:-o;TFORT)
Cymba/oporetta bradyi (CUSH:'..!A:'\1
Dentalina 111!/Cronata NEWGEROREKDiscorbis patelliformis (BRADY)
Discorbis tuberocapitata (CUSHl\IAN)
Discofmlt;inulina bradyi Cusiil\IA:\Elphidium jenseni (CUSHl\IA:'\)
Epistomine//a e/egans (n'ORRIG:\Y)
Eponides orienta/is AsANO
Eponides subornatus (CUSHMAN)
Fissurina wtenulata (\>\fJLLIAMSO:\)
Guttulina oriimta/is CUSIHIA!' and

Neozwigerina porrecta (BRADY)
Patel/inella inconspicus (BRADY)
Patelline/la jugosa (BI~AIW)
Poroeponides cribrorepandus ASANO
and UCHIO

Pseudorofalia gai{nardii (n'ORHIGNY}
Quinqueloculina spp.
Rectobolivina bifrons (BRADY\
Rectoboli11ina bifrons striatu/a(CUSHMAN)

Reusella simplex (CUSHMA!'\)
Sigmoide/la kagaensis Cusm.!AN and
OzAwA

Siphogenerina raphana (PARKER and]ONES)

Sip!wnina australis ·CUSIIMAN
Siplwninoides g/abra (IIEJWN-AI.l.EN
and EARI.AND)

Textularia conica D'OIWIGNY

OZAWA

1/anzauHtia nipponica ASANO
Lenticulina abensis (ASANO)
Lenticulina calcar (LINNAEUS)
Lenliculina iotus (CUSHMAN)
Loxostomum amygda/aeforme CBRADY)
Loxostomum limbatum var.
coslulatum (CusmvtANN)

References
CusJJ~·IAN.

j. A. (1924): Somoan Foraminifera. Dept. Mar. Riot.. Carttel{ie lnst.
Washington, l'Ot. 21. pp. 38-39. pl. II.
lig. 8.
CusiiMA'i. j. A .. ToDD. Ruth and PosT. R. J.

Explanation of Plate 20
Figs. 1-3.
Figs. ·1-6.

Fig. 7.

Fig. 8.

Fig. 9.

Asanonella slwjii HuA .... G, n. sp .. Holotype (IGPS coli. cat. no. 86381). x 320
Asanonella shojii IluA;-.;G, n. sp .. Paratype (IGPS coli. cat. no. 86383. Fig. 4; 86384,
Fig. 5: 86385, Fig. 6). x320l~ach figure show;; the apertural character.
Asanonella sl!ojii HuA;-.;G, n. sp .. Para type (IGPS coli. cat. no. 86382). x 320
Internal structure of dissected chamber, showing the intraseptal aperture. intraseptal
aperature tooth and aperature tooth.
J!sanonella shojii IIUA!'-:G. n. sp., Paratype (IGPS coli. cat. no. 86382). x320
Ventral view showing the sutural opening and small tubular opening on ventral
surface.
Asanonel/a shojii HUANG. n. sp. (IGPS coli. cat. no. 36391). x 100
lloriznntal section. showing radial and monolamella structure.
The specimen is from the type locality.

HUANG :Asanonella shojii, n. gen., n. sp.

Plate 205....,.._

r. ,.,.,-

't.c(

6

7

497'.

i\snnonella .<;hojii n. gen .. n. sp. from Tokunoshi.ma(1954):
Recent Foraminifera of the
Marshall Islands. Bikini and nearby
atolls: pt. 2. Oceanography (Bioi.) : U.S.
Ceo/. Surv .. Prof. Paper 260-H. pp. 31938·1, pls. 82-93.
ELus. B. F. and MEssiNA. A. R. (19-!0 et seq.) :Catalogue of Foraminifera. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist .. New }"ork, 45 ,·ols .. and supplement-vols.
GRAIIA~I. J. J. and MII.ITA"'TE. P. J. (1959):
Hecent Foraminifera from the PuertoGalera area, northern Mindoro, Phi lippin.
Standford Univ. Pub/ .. Ceo/. Sci., t•ol. 6,
no. 2, pp. 1-13•1.
HATAE. N .. et al. (1964):
Report of thewater source sun·er on the southern
Tokunoshima (in Japanese). Kagoshima
Chigaku Chosa Kenlqukai. pp. l-12.
llUA:'\G, Tunyow (1964): Smaller Foraminifera from the Sanhsien-chi. Taitung.
eastern Taiwan. Ceo/. Soc. China. Proc.
no. 7, pp. 63-72.
LoEBLICH, Alfred R. Jr. and TAPP.""'· Helen(1964) : Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, pt. C. Protista 2. Sarcodina:

Isen-chofit !111 lilT
Kagoshi rna J.ffi IJll. Jl1i
Kametsu
16
i:it

171

Ceo/. Soc. America and U11iv. Ka11sas.
PAL:<.IER. D. K. and BER:<.Il:DEZ. P. J. (1936):
Late Terriary Foraminifera from the
Matanzas Bay Region. Cuba.
Soc.
Cubana Hist. Nat .. Mem .. t>ol. 9. 110. 4.
Pll. 251. pl. 20, figs. 8-10 (fide ELLIS andl'v]ESSIN.'\, 1940 Ct seq.).
REiss. Z. (1958) : Classification of lamellar
Foraminifera. Micropaleontology. I'O/. 4.
110. 1. p. 51-70.
SIIOJI. Rikii (1965): Personal communications.
Tono. Ruth (1957): Smaller Foraminifera(in Geology of Saipan, Marianes Islands.
pt. 3. Paleontology). U. 5. Ceo/. Sun·.
Prof. Paper 280-H. pp. 265-320.
Tooo. Ruth (1965) : The Foraminifera of
the tropical Paci tic collections of the"Albatross", 1889-1900; pt. 4. Rotaliform
families and Planktonic families. U.S.
Nat. Afus .. Bull. l!)l.
\Vooo. A. (19,19): The structure of the wallof the test in the Foraminifera. Quart.
jour. Ceo/. Soc. London. vol. 104, pp.
229-255.

Nishiagon
Sanhsien-chi
Tokunoshima[!§ j;ilJ jfK_ 1111 ~

i:lli

z Jib

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. japan. N. S .. ~o. 60. pp. 172-177, :l figs .. Dec. 20, 1965

4!:!8.

TWO FOSSIL SPECIES OF DISCINISCA (BRACHIOPODA)
FROM NORTH HONSHU. JAPAN*
KOTORA HAT AI and SHOZO H A YASAKA
Institute of Geology and Paleontology Faculty of Science.
Tohoku University. Sendai, Japan.*~1:13/$:1?.€ Disci11isca (i!'iHJE~D iD{t:U=fif!;::-:>~''L: &t*· ;t:Jl)J?.€:!Jlt~fil!C. l,"C(;t 3f!l!, (t:Ufil!c G"L!i{N!iJ> 1 'JlJiG1J>%J.Q~t "LPfJi.i>-:>t~ Discinisca ~0) 2 !Prl<TFEi:11~Lf:ofnJJ.L t, 'aiJi<~f"JO)Iifffr*i <mo) r:J m».c-< ·J·•HILm) J:. !J 1!£ L..t~ t, oYc il5 ~:tm # ·J. rJE • .!f!. Jti t'i' =:0of species of the genus known fromjapan to six in total.
The genus Discinisca occurs as fossil
from the Cretaceous of North America,
the Eocene of the United States ofAmerica. the Oligocene of Holland. l'vliocene of Poland and Italy according to
THm.ISO:-< (1927), the Pliocene of Japan(two new species described in this arti·cle), and from the Pleistocene of the
Ryukyu Islands {HAT AI, 19,10). Thus
there is a continuous record of thegenus from Cretaceous to Recent. An
Recent. the genus is distributed along
the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of SouthAmerica. the Pacific side of North America and in the seas of China, Japan,
Philippine Islands. Ceylon and India according to DALL (1920), THOMSO~ (1927),
and 1-IATAT (1940).
The genus Craniscus has a more restricted geographical distribution and ashorter geological range than Discinisca,
being l<now·n to range from the Oligocene to Miocene of Australia, the 1\Iiocene of japan, and is distributed geographically from the seas of central tosouthwest japan southwards to thePhilippine Islands. Borneo and the Cele·

Introduction
The Neotremata (Brachiopoda: Gastro·-caulia) comprise two superfamilies andfive genera, among which only two
genera, Discinisca and Cranisws, havebeen recorded from the japanese Islands.
The former genus comprises four species
and the latter one species. and among
them only one of the former and one of
the latter have been reported to occur.as fossil ([lATA I. 19,10, 1%1). These are:Family Discinidae GRAY
Genus Discinisca DALL
Discinisca lwmilwtetuensis YAnE
and HATA T. Pleistocene
D. (?) rikuzenensis 1-IATAT. Recent
D. sparse/ineata DALL. Recent
D. stella (GOULD). Recent
Family Craniidae Kit-<G
Genus Crauiscus DALL
Craniscus japonicus (A. AD.-\:'viSJ.
Fossil and Recent
The discovery of two fossil species ofDiscinisca. both of which are believed
to be new to science, brings the number* Received June 20. 1965; read june 30. 1965
at Kanazawa.

172

41•R.

Fossil Species of Discinisca (Brach-iopoda)

173

bes. Since it is not represented in thepresent collect ion. further remarks will
be reserved for another opportunity.
The scarcity of records of the fossil
Discinisca in japan may be due in partto the fragile character of their thinchitinous tests. Also it may be probablethat some of the fossil disciniscids were
described or considered as gastropods
from their resemblance to certain spe·
cies of the family Patellidae of the order
Aspidobranchia !KEE:'\, 1958\.
Fortunately the writers had an op·
portunity to study several specimens of
the genus /Jiscinisca from the Tatsunokuchi Formation distributed in Sendai
City and its correlative the Kogota For·mation in Kogota Town, both in :vliyagi
Prefecture. Through the detailed ex·
amination. they could be classified into
two different species both being new toscience.

Table 1. Stratigraphical sequence of the
Tertiary sediments in Sendai and its environs(aftet· SHIBAT.-\, 1962).

Remarks on the Fossil Locality andbrachiopods have been found only at
the locality mentioned above. The otherlocality is a road cut in the west of
Kogota Town north of Sendai City,.
where the silty facies of the Kogota
Formation is well ::!Xposed. At thisbrachiopod locality and in the vicinity
there occur fossil pelecypods character·istic of the Tatsunokuchi Formation at
its type locality [Anadara tatzmokuti·
ensis NOMURA and HATAJ. Dosinia tatzt·
nokutiensis 1\mnJIL\, Fortipecten taka·hashii (YOKOYA:\IA). etc. (?\0:\IUR.-\. 1938'].
The stratigraphic position in the geo·
logic column of the separated localities,
lithologic characteristics. and faunal as·
semblages of the Tatsunokuchi Forma·tion at the type locality and of theKogota Formation in the environs of
Kogota Town are good evidence for thecontemporaneity of the two stratigraphic
units.
The geological age of the Tatsuno-

Geological Age of the Formation
The stratigraphic position of the Tatsunokuchi Formation is shown in Table
1. It occupies the lower part of the
Sendai Group. which is of marine origin
in its lower and upper parts. The Sen·dai Group lies upon different parts of
the :Miocene System and older rocks andthe boundary between them is a structural unconformity. The group is suc·ceeded upwards by but separated fromthe Aobayama Formation with erosional
unconformity.
The fossil locality of the Discinisca
species from the Tatsunokuchi Formation is the railway cutting at Dainohara
along the Senzan Railway. where thesilty to rather coarse sandy facies ofthe middle part is exposed. This facies
is distributed both southwards andnorthwards of the fossil locality. but

Pleist.

Q)

I')
Q)

0

.....0.....
p..

Aobayama formation
Dainenji formAtion
Yagiyama formationp.
::I
Hirosegawa tuff
0
1-<
Kitayama formation
t!!
.....
Tatsunokuchi formationas'C
Kameoka formationaQ)
en
Mitaki andesite~
Shirasawa formation
p.

Q)

I')
C)

0

0

.....

::;:

::I
0

1-<

t!!

.....

H
0
.p

ro
:z;

-

~urr_<-

H

sunakiformation
Hatatate formation-=-...
Moniwa-=--member~-

Takadate andesite <:__
Pre-Tertiary Wariyama formationand Mesozoic GrAnodiorite

174

J(otom HA1AI and Shozo H.tU"ASAKA

kuchi Formation is generally accepted
as belonging to the Pliocene. but towhat part it really belongs remains un·
settled and whether it is entirely Pliocene or includes a part of the l'vliocene
is also an unsolved problem. For thisreason the senior author t.HAT:\1. 1962)
once proposed a new classification of
the upper Tertiary System based upon
the stratigraphy and paleontology ofNortheast Honshu. Japan. According tohim (op. cit.) the strata in North Honshu
hitherto considered as more or lessequivalent to the standard Pliocene ofEurope may be known as the :\•liyagian.
However. whether the rvliyagian can becorrelated with the standard Pliocene
strictly remains to be solved.
By the procedure he explains that the
known stratigraphic boundaries. litho·
logical features and faunal character·istics are well known for the .Miyagian.
which is developed and distributed injapan, but not for those of the standard
Pliocene of Europe. Consequently, it isclear that the Tatsunokuchi Formation
occupies the lower part of the Miyagianand is, therefore. early l\iliyagian in ge·
ological age. If. it be necessary to ad·
here to usage of the European term
though even without sufficient evidence
for its usage in Japan, the Tatsuno·
kuchi Formation and its correlative theKogota Formation may correspond toearly Pliocene.

Descriptions of the Brachiopod Species
Superfamily Discinacea vVAAGE~. 1885
Family Discinidae GRAY. 1840
Genus Disciuisca DALL. 1871

Type species:-Orbicula /amel/osa
BRODERIP, 1833.

Type locality :-lquiqui, Bay of Ancou,
Peru (fide DALL, 1920).
Diagnosis:-" Valves unequally convex,
dorsal conical. ventral flatter, concave
to depressed ; outline eva! to squarish ;apices subcentral ; test more or lesshorny, concentrically lamellose or withradial sculpture which may become
papillose: ventral valve with longitudi·
nal septum centrally, anterior adductor
scars nearly central, in ventral valve oneach side of septum, larger than pos·terior adductors, which are near pos·terior margin and separated by scarsof posterior protractors.'' (HATAI, 1940)
Remarks :-The features of the genus
can not be examined in detail in thespecimens of the present collection which
comprises only dorsal valves. However,the specimens at hand are referable to
the genus Discinisca in having more orless horny conical test with the surface
concentrically lamellose or with some·what papillose radial sculpture.
Disci nisca sendaiensis I-lA T AI and
HAYASAKA, n. sp.
Figs. la-cDescription :-Test medium in size ;dorsal valve conical. highly elevated :test rather solid and horny in texture,
black in color ; beak subposterior andbluntly pointed; outline of margin as
indicated by growth-lines on the upper
part of outer surface subcircular innepionic and neanic stages. and subrhombic in latter stages because of ir·
regular growth ; posterior margin nearlystraight. Sculpture consisting of rather
broad concentric lamellae with fine andirregular concentric lines and of faintand short radial ribs only on young partof shell surface. Inner margin of dorsal
Yalve smooth ; two muscle scars. ellipti·

4.98.

Fossil Species of Discinisca (Brach-io}Joda)·Cal in outline, situated near posterior
margin of inner surface. Ventral valve
unknown.
Dimensions (in mm) :-Length 20.8.
width 19.4, height 8.8. distance from
apex of beak to posterior margin 9.4.
and to anterior margin 18.6, beadth ofconcentric lamella 1.5 to nearly 2, longaxis of muscle scar 3.8 and short axis
2.5.
Repository :-IGPS* coli. cat. no. 86421
J.Holo_tyQe),_no. 86422 (Paratvpe).
Occurrence :-Railway cutting at Dainohara, along the Senzan Line. Sendai
City. Tatsunokuchi Formation tSendai
Group), Pliocene.
Remarlls :-According to DAI.L (1920)" the Disciniscas are naturally divided
into three groups as follows:A) large. lamellose, flexible, without
radiating sculptures.
Examples: Discinisca lamcllosa. D.
laevis.
B) large, less lamellose. with feeble
irregular radiation, more solid.
Examples: Discinisca strigata. D.
cumingi.
C) small, with regular radiating sculpture, not lamellose. solid.
Examples: Discinisca stella, D. antillarum."
The present new species is referable
to DALL's group B by several morphological features. The eastern Pacific
Recent species strigata I3RODERIP (DAVIDSOl'\, 1888. p. 239. pl. 26. fig. 26: DALL.
1920, p. 276 ; 0LD1WYD, 192·1. p. 222,
pl. c19, fig. 5; THO:\lSOl\, 1927. p. 132:HERTLEI:\ and GRANT, 1944, p. 36, pl. 2.
fig. 10, pl. 16. fig. 17, pl. 18, fig. 6) mostresembles the present species. but thelatter has more elevated dorsal valve* Abbreviation for the Institute of Geology
and Paleontology, Tohoku University. Sendai.
japan.

175and shows anomalous growth. Threedorsal valves of different sizes and threeimperfect dorsal valves are in the collection. All of them show irregularity
in development of the concentric lines
and lamellae and poor development ofradial ribs, which are the characteristicsof the present species.
Disci nisca miyagi ens is H,\T A1 andJ-1 :\ Y ASAKA, n. sp.
Figs. 2a-b. 3a-·b

Description:- Test small in size. somewhat calcareous in texture and solid.
roughly orbicular in outline. posterior
margin rounded. Dorsal valve not soelevated, with apex bluntly pointed andsituated posteriorly : gently sloping anterior surface straight or a little concave in profile and ornamented w·ith
concentric growth lines and faint radiating rib-like foldings near margin, pos
terior surface strongly convex in profile
and with strong and continuous radialribs narrower than interspaces. Ventral
valve unknown.
Dimensions (in mm) :-Length 10.7,
width 9.9. height 4.5. distance frombeak to posterior margin 5.8 and to anterior margin 7.9 (smaller specimen) :length 13.8, width 12.8, height 6.2, distance from beak to posterior margin 7.2
and to anterior margin 10.7 (larger spe·cimenl.
Repository :-IGPS coil. cat. no. 86423(smaller: 1-Iolotype) ; no. 86424 (larger:
Para type).
Occurrence :-Road cut west of Kogota
Town, lldiyagi Prefecture. Kogota Formation, Pliocene.
Remarks:- Two somewhat worn dorsal
valves are in the collection. Several
features of these small and rather solid
shells suggest their close relation to D.

176

Kotora HATAI and Sho.zo H. · IYA~AKA

Figs. la-c. Discinisca sen daiensis H AT/\! and H AYASAK.'\, n. sp.
External (a) , internal (b) an d lateral (c) views of dorsal val ve (Holo type). x2
Figs. 2a- b, 3a- b. Discinisca miyagiensis H AT AI and H AY ASAKA, n. s p.
Apical (2a , 3a) and lateral (2 b, 3b) views of dorsal valves. 2 : Holot ype. 3:
Paratype. x 3

stella GOULD (REEVE, 1862, Orbicula, pl.
1, fig. 1 ; DAVIDSON, 1888, p. 204, pl. 26,
figs. 27, 27a; DALL, 1920, p. 278; THO M·
SON, 1927, p. 132; H AT AI, 1940, p. 186),
a living species which is common in theseas of japan and China. But the present specimens are distinguishable fromstella in having much stronger radialribs on the posterior surface. They
also resemble D. wmingii BRODERIP(SOWERBY, 1847, p. 360, pl. 73, fig. 6;
REEVE, 1862, Orbicula, pl. 1, fig. 6; DAVID·
SON, 1888, p. 202, pl. 26, figs. 23- 25 ; DALL,
1920, p. 277; HERTLEIN and GRANT, 1944,
p. 27, pl. 2, figs . 8, 9, 11, pl. 6, figs. 1-4,
text-fig. 3) recorded from the Pliocene
of California and now living in theeastern Pacific. The subspecies han·nibali HERTLEIN and GRANT (1944, p.

29, pl. 16, figs. 7, 8, 11) discriminatedf rom the typical cumingi by stronger
and more continuous radial ribs seems
to have close relation to the present
species. The present species, however,differs from the foregoing species andsubspecies in the partial development of
the radial ribs, coarser concentr\c lines
and smaller size.

References
0 ALL, W. H. (1920) : Annotated list of the
R ecent Brac hiopoda in the collection oft he United States National Museum, withdescriptions of thirty.three new form s.
Proc. U.S. Nat . Mu s. , Vol. 57, pp. 261 377.
0.'\\'IDSON, T. (1886- 1888) : A monograph of

498.

Recent Brachiopoda. Trans. Linnean Soc ..
2. Vol. 4. Zool.. Pt. I. pp. 1-73. pis. 1-13.
1886; Pt. 2, pp. 75-182. pis. 14-25, 1887;
Pt . .1. pp. 183-248. pis. 26-30. 1888.
HAT AI, K. ll.f. (1940) : The Cenozoic Brach iopoda of Japan. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp.
Univ .. Ser. 2 (Ceo/.), Vol. 20. pp. 1-113.
26 text-figs .. 7 tables .. 12 pis.
HAT AI, K. (1954): Check list of JapaneseTertiary and Pleistocene Brachiopoda.
Sci. Rep. Tokyo J(yoiku Daigaku. Section
C. Vol .1. pp. 99-139.
liATAI. K. (1962) : Mizuho To. Sci. Rep.
Tolwku Univ .. Ser. 2 (Ceol.). Spec. Vol ..
No. 5, pp. 329-348.
HERTLEJ:-:, L. G. and GRA:->T, U.S. (19H):
The Cenozoic Brachiopoda of Western
North America. Uni1•. Calif.. Math. Phys.
Sci., Vol. 3. 326 pp., 21 pis .. 34 text-figs.
KEEN, A.M. (1958); Sea shells of TropicalWest America. Stanford Unit• .. pp. viii
+624.
No:--.1u1~A. S. (1938): l\-lolluscan fossils fromthe Tatunokuti shell bed exposed at

Dainohara

177

Fossil Spec·ies of Discin-isea (Bmchio]Joda)t;t (}) llj{

KogotaG6roku cliff in the western border of
Sendai. Sci. Rep. Tolwku Imp. Univ.,
Ser. 2 (Ceo/.). Vol. 19, No. 2. pp. 235275. pis. 33-36.
OLDROYD, I. S. (1924) : The marine shell.> ofthe west coast of North America. Vol. I.
Stanford Univ .. Publications. Unir. Ser .•Ceo/. Sci .. Vol. I. N.o 1, pp. 1-247. 51 pis.
REEVE. L.A. (1862) : Conchologia lconica,
Vol. 1 .1.
SHIBATA. T. (1962) : Geology of the Sendai
and Nanakita-Sanbongi Areas, Miyagi
Prefecture. Sci. Rep. Tolwku Univ .• Ser
2 (Ceol.), l'ol. 34. No. 4. pp. 239-301. 4
tables. 6 text-figs .. pis. 17-26 (with bibliography on the geology and paleontology).
SowERllY, G. B. (1847): Thesaurus conchyliorum. Vol. 1.
THO:\Jso:--:. J. A. (1927): Brachiopod morphology and genera (Tertiarr and Recent).
N. Z. Board Sci. Man. No. 7. pp. 1-383 ..
2 pis .. 103 text-figs.

']' 4 8:1

Senzan Railway

1Ui Jl1 ~Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. XS .. No. 60, pp. 178·-181. pl. 21, Dec. 20, 1965

499.

ON THE SO?\iE NEW SPECIES OF FOSSIL FORAMINIFERAFRO~! THE BORING CORES IN THE GAS FIELD
IN CHIBA PREFECTURE, JAPAN*
YU HIGUCHI
Mobara Mining Otlice, Kanto Natural Gas Development Co. Ltd.

=r~~7i ;r.mllki\R:c;f.;1:t ~ 1t::ti ~iL!l!O)Jf~lc-:>t '"t' : '"f~9il:n ;r.a:Htl!.f!i(l.:ffill'iiJ ~ n:>:~tt.\tl ;r.j:>)iffi!;j:!:O) :f.- •J './-?/ • :::17 -O)~flJ: IJ~tfl <HLt.::ff1L!hfl::::tiO)P:J[Zl1-:>0)~f{[l.:-:>l'-rae~ L t.:oc.n.; w,'"f'n t fil.ln ;r. 830) n ;r.I!Tiff!!l.>.t-t/4~-r .oJ:iMl.m#'f'f'O) t 0)--c • .lU!l«1~iiiliiY:JfJ.i!?kt±ltJ!_-t;.
:::1

J?n, c <IC Gyroidina kazusaense II IGUCHI, n. sp. (;!:. :f.- J './-'/ •1

7- 0)1!1\lblcDflQ!I!HP:JL' [;!:. l!Yfi'lllJ:~Rifflt:~~B':)t,iflf(--c ~ ~ 0

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aminifera collected from boring coresof the gas field.
The writer is extremely grateful toProfessor K AsANO and Dr. Y. TAKAYA:--IAGI of the Institute of Geology andPaleontology of the Tohol<u University
for his valuable advices and encouragement in many ways. He is also indebted
to Dr. Y. ISHIWADA and Dr. 0. FUKUTAof the Geological Survey of Japan; Dr.
Y. Kuw ANO, Research Institute for Natural Resources, and Dr. Y. KIKUCHI,
North Smatra Oil Development Cooperation Co. Ltd., for valuable informations
on the stratigraphy of the field. Thanks
are due to the Kanto Natural Gas Development Co. Ltd., for permission toissue this paper, and to the Asahi Glass
Co. Ltd., for an offer of valuable data.

Introduction
The gas field in Chiba Prefecture oc·cupies the main part of the gas-producing area of the southern Kanto region.
and is one of the largest gas fields injapan.
Stratigraphically the majority of thegas-producing strata in the area are restricted to the marine Kazusa groupwhich consists of 10 formations. These
formations are mainly composed of alternation of sandstone and siltstone, andwere deposited in a large sedimentarybasin of Pliocene to early Pleistoceneage.
The writer has studied the Kazusa
group from the view· point of microbio·stratigraphy for several years examining
many cores collected from the gas wellsin the field.
The detailed result of the above-mentioned studies was reported in 1964 by
the writer'z'.
The purpose of this paper is to describe some new species of fossil for-

General review of stratigraphy andbiostratigraphy of Kazusa group

The Kazusa group is widely distributed on the surface and subsurface inthe southern half of the Kanto district,consisting of marine sandstone and siltstone. The maximum thickness of the* Received July 1, 1965; read Sept. 25, 1965
.at Nagasaki.

178

4!JY.

group attains to more than 2500 metersin the eastern part of Boso Peninsula.
It is overlain by the Quaternary Narita
group which consists mostly of loose
sand. and overlies the l\liocene series
which consist of alternation of sandstone
Table 1.
Formation
Kasamori
ChonanKakinokidai
Kokumoto
Urnegase
Otadai
KiwadaOhara
NamihatHl
Katsu-ura

179

New Species of Fo·ra.m.inifera .from Chiba

and siltstone and yield Globorotalia fohsi
barisanensis. Globorotalia fohsi fohsi, andOrbulina universa etc. According to T.
MITSUCHI (1937). the group can be diyided
into 10 formations as shows in Table 1.
The formations above the middle part

Geological sequence of the Kazusa group.
Thickness (m)Lithology

250

silty sandstonealt. of sandst. & siltst.
sandy siltst. with sand layers
siltst ... alt. of sandst. & siltst.
sand rich alt. of sandst. & siltst.
alt. of sandst. & siltst.
siltstone
alt. of sandst. & siltst.
silt rich alt. of sandsl. & siltst.
sand rich alt. of sandst & siltst.

140-180
100of the Umegase are probably
assigned to Quaternary age,
because of the first marked occurrence of cold water planktonic foraminifera.
The writer has classified thegroup into 11 benthonic for·aminiferal zonules from theview point of biostratigraphy,
and established the correlationof the group within the southern Kanto region.
The lithologic characters of
the group in the Chiba gas
field change laterally in the
exploited area. But the biofacies of the foraminifera in
the east side area of Chiba
City are stable. and correlationof the wells by means of theforaminiferal zonules is easy.
From the foraminiferal faunaof these zonules. it is evident
that a relatively shallow water
fauna is mixed with deep water

250
350
250
800
150
250
300

TOGANE
0-<?-X-1/'1

YOKOHAMA!

\TOKYO BAYf

BOSO

PACIFIC OCEAN

0

Fig. 1.

1020

Map showing well locations.

30 Km

Yu HIGUCHI

180·ones in the lowermost part of the group,
and a deep water fauna is abundant in
the lower and middle part, and a shallow water fauna is characterized in theupper part. From the above-mentioned
foraminiferal faunas, upper formationsof Kazusa group may be of inner to
middle neritic deposition. Formations
from Umegase to Kiwada mar he ofbathyal deposition. and formations from
·Ohara to Katsuura may be of inner to·outer neritic deposition.
The locations of gas wells from which
the writer hascollected the boring cores
are shown in Fig. l.
Description of new species

Family Textulariidae
Spiloplectammia kuj ukuriense
HIGUCHI,n. sp.

Pl. 21. figs. la. b

Description:- Test compressed, rather·elongate. about 2 or 3 times as high as
broad, subrhomboidal in apertural view,thickest in central portion, periphery
subacute: early portion planispiral, consisting of 7 or 8 chambers. later biserial,
low and broad: suture distinct, slightly
depressed, earlier ones radial, later ones
oblique: wall finely arenaceous: aperturea narrow opening at the inner marginof the last formed chamber: Length up
to 0.5 mm.
Holotype :-From 860 m depth of theboring well at Kujukuri-machi, Sanbu·
gun, Chiba Pref.. Kiwada formation,

Pliocene.
Occurrence :-Rare, but found throughout the upper Kiwada formation in the
Kujukuri coastal plain.
Remarks:- This species characterisedby the relatively short and tapered biserial part of the test.
Family Lagenidae
Fissu!ina matobai HIGUCHI, n. sp.
Pl. 21. figs. 2a. b

Description:- Test subglobular, broadly ovate in front view, slightly longer
than broad, broadest at base. basal end
truncated and ornamented with broadbasal flange, bluntly pointed at apertural
end: wall smooth, transparent: aperture
entosolenian. Length up to 0.3 mm.
Holotype :-From 480 m depth of theboring well at Kujukuri-machi, Sanbugun, Chiba Pref., Otadai formation, Pliocene.
Occurrence :-Few, but found throughout the upper Pliocene formations of
Chiba gas field.
According to Mr. !vlATOBA's verbal
information, it also occurs in the Pliocene lioka formation, Choshi City, Chiba
Pre f.
Remarks:- The character of the test
distinguish this species from the allied
ones of the genus.
Family Rotaliidae
Eponides asanoi HIGUCIII, n. sp.
Pl. 21. figs. 3a, b, c

Explanation of Plate 21
Figs. la, b. Spi/op/ectammina kujukuriense HIGUCHI, n. sp.
Figs. 2a, b. Fissulina motobai liiGUCIII, n. sp. x 70
Figs. 3a, b. c. Eponides asa1zoi HIGVCIII, n. sp. x70
Figs. 4a, b. c. Gyroidina kazusaense IIJGUCHI, n. sp. x70

x70

HIGUCHI:

Foraminifera .from Chiba

Plate 21

499.

blew Specie~; of Fora.minifera. from Chiba

Description:- Test subcircular in outline, biconvex. periphery subrounded. 2
or 3 whorls visible on dorsal side, completely involute in ventral side, slightly
depressed in umbilical region: about 8
or 9 chambers in the last whorl : suturesindistinct. somewhat limbatecl, slightly
oblique on dorsal side, slightly curved
on ventral side: wall smooth, finely
perforated : aperture a short opening at
ventral border of the last chamber.
Length up to 1 mm.
Holotype :-From 1060 m depth of theboring well at Kujukuri-machi, Sanbugun. Chiba Pref.. Ohara formation. Plio·Cene.
Occurrence :-Few, but found throughout the lower Pliocene formations of·Chiba gas field.
Remarks:- This species resembles Eponides haidingerii (o'ORBIG:-<Y). but is distinguished by the subrounded periphery.and indistinct sutures.
Gyroidina kazusaense HIGUCIJJ, n. sp.
Pl. 21, figs. 4a, b. c

Description:- Test plano-convex. dor·sal side fiat or even slightly convex,
ventral side much convex, 2 or 3 whorls
visible on dorsal side, umbilicus deeply
excavated, periphery not broadly rounded : chambers distinct, 8 or 9 chambers
in last whorl: sutures distinct, limbated.
oblique and slightly curved and raisedon dorsal side. slightly curved on ventral side: wall thick, smooth: aperture
an elongate slit at ventral border oflast chamber. Diameter up to 1 mm.
Holotype :-From H20 m depth of theboring well at Arakuma, lchinomiya-machi. Chosei-gun, Chiba Pref., Katsuura
formation, Pliocene.
Ocwrrence .·-Rare. but found throughout the lowermost Pliocene formation of
Kujukuri coastal plain.
Remarks:- This species closely related
to Gyroidina soldanii n'ORRIGNY. but
differs by the form of periphery. andby the limbated and raised sutures.

· References
AsA:-;o, K. (1956) :The Foraminifera fromthe adjacent sea of Japan. collected by
the S. S. Soyo-maru. 1922-1930. Part 1.
Xodosariidae. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ ..
2nd ser. (Geology), Vol. 27, pp. 1-55.
text-figs. 1-5, pis. 1-6.
IIIGIJCHI. Y. (1964) : Microbiostratigraphicalstudies of the gas field in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Contr. !trst. Geol. Paleont.
Tohoku Unif!., No. 61 (in Japanese), pp .
1-·18. text-figs. 1-24, tables 1-7.
lsHIW AD,\, Y. (1964) : Benthonic Foraminifera off the Pacific coast of japan referred to biostratigraphy of the Kazusa
group. Rep. Geol. Sur. Japan, No. 205.
pp. 1-45, text-figs. 1-14, pis. 1-8.
KII\UCHI, Y. (1964) : Biostratigraphy of the
Neogene and Quaternary deposits based
upon the smaller foraminifera in theSouthern Kanto region. Contr. Inst. Geol.
Paleont. Tohoku Univ., No. 59 (in japanese). pp. 1-36, text-figs. 1-8. tables 1-3.
pis. 1-8.
LoEBLICH. A. R. and TAPPAN. H. (1964):
Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology,
Part C. Protista 2. Sarcodian, chiefly"Thecamoebians"
andForaminifera.
Geol. Soc. America and Univ. Kansas
Press, pp. 1-900, text-figs. 1-653.
l'vliTSUCffl, T. (1937) : Geological sheet map.. i\lobara ·· 1;75,000. Geol. Sur. japan.

- - - - - - - -Arakuma
Chosei-gun
Ichinomiya-machi

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181

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182
PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALAEONTOLOGICALSOCIETY OF JAPAN~'~-*i'i~IJt·'!=z~ 91 (il]~Jit.t:i.J:t-~ rft.Et¥~c
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Shimanto Terrain, Western Shikoku ....
............ !sao NAKAI and Shigeki l-IADA~!llite:r /' -==7--t r Pcroniccratinae 0)7.)-1/il~-:>~'-r......................... · .. f./:*iiM

Bulimina sculptilis-jacksonensis Group 0)~

M A .l~ l'lit
On some new species of fossil Foraminiferafrom the boring cores in the gas field in
Chiba Prefecture (f\;;il'/i:) ...... Yu Hrcucm
Permian Brachiopods from Tham Nam
Maholan. Thailand ...... Juichi YANAGIDA~gj')<l, U:Ri'!ti>,;>O)y.({tT::iiC-:>~ 'L ({~il'fc) ......

.................................. i'i'*fl!tlll{
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