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a -lt-- -li- ±. ~ ~ ~~~·ic.f
Transactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New Series

No.8

Palaeontological Society of Japan
October 31, 1952

I

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
222. A Fossil Palm in Kenroku Park at Kanazawa ............ Yudzuru OGURA 223
223. Notes a propos de quelques plantes fo:;silcs dans Ie Groupe d'Ennichi(Yongil), du Coree meridionale I .............................. Toshimasa TANAI 231
224. Sundry Notes on Fossil Estherians .......................... Teiichi KonAYASHI 237
225. Stratigraphical and Paleontological Studies of the Later Paleozoic
Calcareous Algae in Japan IV. Notes on the Calcareous Algae of the
Omi Limestone ............... :.. ................................................ Riuji EN Do 241
226. On Some Miocene Pcctinidae from the Environs of Sendai ................. .
... .. . ... ... .. . ... .. . .. . ... .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... .. .. .. .. . ... .. . .. . ... .. . .. . .. . .. . ... Koichiro MAsuDA 249
Systematic Index .............................................................................. .. 255
Index of Fossils ... .. . .. .. . .. . .. . ... .. . .. . ... .. . .. . .. . .. . ... ... .. . ... .. . .. . ... .. . .. . .. . ... .. . .. . 257

President:

Hisakatsu YABE

Councillors:

Kiyoshi AsANo, Riuji ENoo, (Business and Accountant), Seido

ENuo, Haruyoshi FuJIMoTo,

Shoshiro

HANZAWA, lchiro

HAYASAKA,

Koichiro lclllKAWA, Tciichi KonAYASlll (Editor), Jiro MAKIYAMA, Tatsuro
MATSUMoTo, Masao MJN,\TO, Tsunetcru

OINOMIKAno(Publication),

Tokio SHIKAMA, Fuyuji TAKA! (General Affairs), Hisakatsu YAng.

All Communications relating to this Journal should be addressed to the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
Geological Institute, Faculty of Sdcnce, University of Tokyo, Japan

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S. No. 8, pp. 223-230, Pl. 21, 3 text-figs .. Oct. 31, 1952.

222. A FOSSIL PALM IN KENROKU PARK AT KANAZAWA 0YUDZURU OGURA
Botanical Institute, University of Tokyo'2:~<1)~;;';lgj(Ajjrilf1loi';;'cK rttftl1i.J ! L -c~ btL o fl:.
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zfit*~ E:..tl. 7r:. 1· 0/ 'M.!: !1:.~ L <: 5j;~u v;fiji"<:.t> o urc: Palmox;lotl Maedae .!: .r, i'ltit o 0 f'll ~It{~
11•if.::F.IiiJIIJ*K!l!i: t t.: t <')"<:<r> 0 o;lf~JR5!Jt;t(l§lJ;:t;;·:t :0 -1' ~ fl:.1i::p~:;e, 1J.

In Kenroku Park at Kanazawa, there
is a large fossil sitting on the ground,as an ornament, in front of a tea house.
It is called as " Take-ne-ishi ", meaning
bamboo-root-stone. as it looks like abamboo culm, the basal part being
covered with a mass of roots (Text-fig.
1). It received no scientific examination,
until in summer of last year the writer
had an opportunity to observe it, andhe could understand, at a glance, that
this fossil was not a bamboo but a palm.

Through the permission of the Ishikawa
Prefecture Office he could obtain somefragments of this fossil, whose tissues
were so fine preserved, that it was worth
while to study its internal structure.
EXTERNAL CHARACTERS

This fossil is a basal part of the stemof a palm, whose lowest part is covered
with a dense cluster of roots. Throughthe courtesy of the authorities of the

0

I0

20

SO

40

&0

~~~~~~em

Fig. 1.

1)

Fig. 2.

Fossil palm at Kenroku Parkin situ.

The outline of the specimen dug
out of the ground.

Prefecture Office, this fossil was dug
out of the ground and its dimensions
were measured (Text· fig. 2). It is onionshaped. In its upper part the stem,
40 em. in diameter and 20 em. in height,

Contributions from the Division of Plant
Morphology, Botanical Institute, Faculty of
Science, University of Tokyo, N.S. No. 61.
Read June 22, 1932; received 1\lay 1. 1952.

223

224

Yudzuru 0GURA

is exposed, while its lower part is covered
mmpletely by a thick mass of roots,
whose diameter is 84.60 ern. in the thickest part. The total height is 65 em. andthe total weight is 241.25 kg. This isblack in colour. In the upper face of
1:he stem is a hollow cavity, about 26.60
em. in diameter, which might be formed
secondarily by the decay of tissue. On
the upper face are seen numerous small
dots scattered tht:oughout the stem, andon the lateral surface, which was moreor less eroded, numerous striations running longitudinally. They are the vascular bundles accompanying thick fibroussheaths, and their arrangement shows
the character of the typical monocotyledonous stem. There are no nodes suchas in bamboos. In the external surface
there are numerous small pores, due tothe decay of the fibrous sheaths ofvascular bundles.
The cluster of roots consists of thickroots, 4-8 mm_ in diameter, running
vertically. Though they are cemented
by clay, they can be easily separated
from each other.
From the characters above mentioned,
this fossil should be recognized as afossil palm. The fossils of palm stems
have been found in various localities of
the world since the Upper Cretaceous,and are called usually as Palmoxylon.
The specific distinction of them is impossible by their external features andmust be done by their internal structure.
Through the critical study of STENZEL(1904), all species of Palmoxylott described in the 19th century have been
investigated and summarized into 41
species of stems and 4 species of roots,of which 2 are known as roots only. In
the 20th century some new species ofPalmoxylon have· been added by someauthors, such as STEVEKS (1912), JURASKY(1930). JoNG~IA:--:s (1935), MuLLER-SToLL(1935 ), etc. Most spl:'cies of these fossils
are either merely stems or roots, andthere are only a few ones which areprovided with both of the stem androots, such as P. astron STE:"ZEL /3
radicatum Sn:::zEL (190t), P. iriartum
STENZEL <1904), P. anchorres STEVENS(1912), P. bacillare ]URASKY (1930). The
present specimen is worth while in thisrespect, as it has both organs in organic
connection. It is. however, very regretthat the locality, where this was found, is
unknown. It is said that this has beentransported from a southern Asiatic
country in the Tokugawa era, but theexact history is uncertain.
The anatomical studies on palms havebeen done by some authors since MonL
(1831, 1845) or KARSTEN (1847), whose
results have been summarized by
SoLEREDER a~d MEYER (1928).

lNTERl':AL STRtiCTURE OF THE STE:\1

Cross and longitudinal sections insome parts of the stem have been made.
The tissue is generally preserved in avery good condition. As the thick wall of
the fibrous tissue is dark brown, the presence of this tissue is very remarkably
visible, but in the external part of thestem this tissue is not preserved andbecomes a small hollow pore.
The characteristics of this stem lie inthe presence of 1) vascular bundles
accompanying large fibrous sheaths, scattered throughout the stem, 2) collateralbundles whose phloem being situatedwithin the indentation of the sheath, 3)large intercellular spaces in the fundamental tissue, and 4) small fibrousstrands scattered in the fundamental
tissue.
Vasular Bundles. In monocotyledonous
stem, the vascular bundles, which areA Fossil Palm in Kenroku Park at Kanazawa

provided more or less by fibrous sheaths,
run longitudinally, scattered throughout
the stem, and those of the outer partare arranged more closely than those in
the inner part. It is also true in palms,
but in some species the distribution of
the bundles in both parts is nearly
equal-this is the ose of" Cocos resembling stems" of STE~:zEL. In the present
specimen, the distribution of the bun:llesin the outermost part, which are tracedby the hollow pores, is somewhat closedwith each other than that of those in
the internal part (internal edge roundthe cavity), that is, the bundles are distributed within 10 mm2 nearly 44 in theformer part, while nearly 30 in the latter.
The form and size of the bundles andtheir accompanying fibrous sheaths arevariable even in one cross section (Pl.
21, Fig. 1). Their cross section is generally egg.form in outline, and thevascular bundle is situated at its pointed
side. The fibrous sheath itself is verylarge and is nearly oval with a slightindentation, where it joins the bundle.
In general, the fibrous sheath is situatedtoward the external side of the stem,
but there are few bundles whose sheaths
are orientated in reverse or intermediate
position.
The vascular bundle is collateral consisting of a large part of the xylem anda small part of the phloem, the latterbeing situated at the median indentationof the sheath (Pl. 21. Figs. 3-4.). The
xylem consists of thick-walled parenchyma and intermingled vessels, which are
distinguished into small-sized and largesized ones, the latter being peripheral,that is nearest the phloem. The number and mutual arrangement of large,
and small vessels are variable in eachbundle. STENZEL distinguished 3 types in225

their arrangement in palms; 1) the typical or longitudinal bundle running vertically through the stem, and 4) thetransitional and 3) oblique bundles running obliquely to the leaf. The case, inwhich 2 large vessels and 2 or 3 small
ones are closely arranged, is mostfrequently found and corresponds to thetypical or longitudinal bundle (Fig. 4).
There is another case, in which 2 large
vessels are separated and numerous
small ones are scattered, corresponding
to the transitional bundle (Fig. 3). In
another case, more than 2 large vessels
are arranged in two lateral groups or
are arranged in a cross row, corresponding to the oblique bundle. There arealso the bundles which are intermediateof these two. The diameter of large
vessel is ca. 12 p.. The wall of vessels
is thick and is sculptured in scalariform
manner. The parenchyma among thevessels is small-sized but is thick-walled,
and in longitudial section each cellshows long rectangular shape, so that.
this is easily distinguished from thefundamental tissue.
The phloem is not very well preserved, but we can see thin-walled sieve
tubes, polygonal in cross section andelongated in longitudinal section, though
we cannot see the sieve plates. It israther rare that the phloem is preservedin such a good condition as this.
The fibrous sheath consists of thickwalled fibers. whose thick walls are verY
distinct owing to their dark brown
colour, which makes somewhat indistinct
to observe fine structure. Each cell ispolygonal in cross section, and is very
thick, so as to leave only a small central
space. In some cells concentric striations on the wall and fine pits between
two fibers are visible.
Fundamental Tissue. The fundamen-

226

Yudzuru OGURAtal tissue is very well preserved, and ischaracterized by porous structure (PI.
21, Figs. 3-4). It consists of cylindricalparenchyma, which lie horizontally(Text-fig. 3, 1-2). In cross section,some of these cells are arranged to forma large intercellular space, while in longitudinal section, these cells are arranged contact with each other vertically, so as to make a vertical hollow
cylinder. Each space is separated by
one row of cells, just as seen in somewater plants. Such a construction ofparenchymatous cells was observed in
the porous tissue of Palmoxylon laczmosum by STE~ZEL. The parenchymatous
cells, which are in contact with thevascular bundles, are arranged more orless in radial direction, while those incontact with the fibrous sheath are arranged more or less in tangential direction. Even between these cells are foundsmall space, and this is the importantcharacter of the present fossil, which isdifferent from other similar Palmoxy/mz
species, for, in the latter no spaces arefound between the parenchyma roundthe vascular bundle and its accompanying fibrous sheath, even though large
space are found in other parts. The
wall of each cell is thin, and has no
special structure. In some cells a dark
mass is included, but its nature is
uncertain.
In the fundamental tissue are foundvery small fibrous strands running longitudinally, which are distinct by theirdark brown colour (Pl. 21, Figs. 1-2).
They are oval in cross section, conistingof some thick-walled fibrous cells, similar to those of fibrous sheath of thevascular bundle. They accompany novascular bundles. In the periphery ofeach strand is found a layer of special
importance (Text· fig. 3, 3). It consistsof cells of special form, whose wall issomewhat thick and dark brown. They
are the so-called stegmata, which arefound in some living and fossil palms.
In the present case, the stegmata are
more or less imcomplete, arranged discontinuously, just as described by

2

Fig. 3. 1. A part of fundamental tissue in cross section. showing large
intercellular. spaces. 2. The same in longitudinal section. 3. Longitudinal
section through a :fibrous strand, showing its stegmata. x 80.

A Fossil Palm in Kenroku Park at Kanazawa

DRABBLE in the root of RoPhia Hookeri.
Leaf Traces. In monocotyledonous
stems in general, there are numerous
leaf traces running obliquely, especiallyabundant in the periphery. In the present specimen also, they are foundabundantly. In cross section the leaf
trace is cut obliquely, while in tangential
section its cross section is visible. (PL 21.
Figs. 1-2). They accompany fibroussheaths just as ordinary bundles. The
type of the bundle is of a transitional
one of STESZEL, and his conclusion, thatthe transition type is that going to theleaf, should be correct.
AFFISITY OF THF. STE:\1
From the above mentioned character·istics, it is true that the present fossil
would belong to a Polmoxylon. The
classification of Palmoxylon has been
done by STENZEL in an excellent way,
and as his method is very useful forthe determination of Palmoxylon species,
the writer would like to follow his method in determining the present fossil.
According to him, 3 main types ofPalmoxylotz may be distinguished : 1)
lvlauritia resembling stems; outer bundles arranged closely with each other, andfibrous sheath larger than bundle ; inner
bundles separated, and fibrous sheathsmaller than bundle; 2) Corypha resembling stems; outer bundles arranged
closely with ·each other, and fibroussheath larger than bundle ; inner bundles
separated, and fibrous sheath larger
than bundle; 3) Cocos resembling stems:
outer and inner bundles equally distributed and equally constructed. The present fossil should be placed in 2) type.
STENZEL subdivided this into 3 types, according to the form of fibrous sheath :its inner side is i) cordate (Group Cordata),- ii) sagittate (Group Sagittata), or227iii) straight (Group Complanata). The
distinction of these three is not absolute,and two types may be found even in
one cross section. In the present fossil
the ii) type is predominate, though
there is a few bundle of iii) type, andshould belong to the Group Cordata. In
these cases, we must consider further on
the presence or absence of fibrous strands
among the fundamental tissue, and also
the presence or absence of stegmata
round the strand. STEN:tEr. observed thestegmata round the strand in 8 speciesof Palmoxylon among the Group Cordata,e. g. P. iriartum.
On the other hand the present fossil
is characterized by the porous fundamental tissue. Such large intercellularspaces as this may be found in Palmoxy·/on Boxbergae, P. laczmosa, P. texense,
P. a:ronense, P. Blanfordi, etc., among
which P. Blanfordi has no fibrousstrands, while P. texense, P. lacunosa, P.
a:wneuse have fibrous strands but nostegmata. In this respect, P. Boxbergae,
which has stegrnata round the fibrousstrand, is mostly similar to the present
fossil, but it belongs to the Group Complanata. There are also some otherspecies which are provided with large
intercellular spaces, but there are no
spaces in the fundamental tissue incontact with the bundle or its sheath.
The porous character of the present
species is, therefore, more prominent thanany others already known.

EXTERNAL FoRM oF THE RooTS
A cluster of roots surrounds the basal
part of stem completely just as in theliving forms. These roots are borne on
the lower part of the stern, and they ac·
cumulate with each other in a large
mass. Though they are connected intoa cluster, each. of them is easily separa-

228

Yudzuru OGURA

ted from each other, as they are merely
cemented by clay. Each of them iscylindrical, 4-7 mm. in diameter.
l:'\TER;>:AI. STRUCTURE OF THE RooTS

Comparative study of the roots ofpalms has been done by DRABBLE (1905),
which is the most important literatureon the structure of the roots.
The root is characterized by possessing 1) a large cortex provided withlarge radial spaces, and 2) a central
stele, whose external part being scleren·chymatous and internal part consistingof parenchymatous pith. In a large
root with ~ diameter of 7 mm. and asmall one of 4.5 mm. sectoined, there areno fundamental differences in structure,both showing a typical root construction.
The root consists of a thick cortex anda small central stele ·(Pl. 21, Fig. 5 ).
On the surface there is a thin-layer
consisting of 1-2 cells, sometimes of 3~4
cells. They consist of thin-walled paren·chyma, and there are no appendages
such as root hairs. Comparing with theroots of living palms and a fossil root of
Palmo:xylon described by STEVENS (1912),
which are provided with a thick cortex,
this layer would not be an epidermis
and may be an innermost layer of theexternal cortex, external part of whichbeing decayed off. The middle cortex
is thick, 2.5 mm. in breadth in a large
root, 1.7 mm. in a small one, and ischaracterized by the prominent radial
structure. This structure is based on
the radial arrangement of cortica.l cells
and the large intercellular spaces be·
tween them. Each space is very large
and is separated by radial layers con·sisting of some · cells. Though theselayers are sometimes irregularly arranged, they are nearly 46 in a large
root and 35 in a small one. Each cellconsists of thin walled parenchyma andincludes sometime dark masses, butthere are no thick-walled elements. Sucha radial structure of the cortex is also
found in some living palms and a fossil
Palmoxylon anchorus. In the case ofliving roots, at the border of .the space
may be found fragments of cell walls,
which are due to the destruction of cells,
and the space should be formed lysigenously. It is noticeable that thesimilar structure is found in the present
fossil.
The spaces bxome narrower toward
the central part, and there is a thin tissue of the inner cortex with no spaces,
and this tissue is limited internally by
the endodermis (Pl. 2L, Fig. 6).
The stele is circular in cross section,
2 mm. in diameter in a large root and1.2 mm. in a small root. Two parts are
distinctly distinguished as the peripheral
part consists of thick-walled parenchyma
and the central part of thin-walledparenchymatous pith, and the elementsof the vascular bundle are embedded in
the peripheral one (Pl. 21, Fig. 6). The
vascular bundle is of a normal radial
type, 39-arch in a large root and 27 -archin a small one. Though the phloem andprotoxylem are situ:J.ted very regularly
in alternating position, some large ves·
sels of the metaxylem are situated not
in a radial position.
The phloem consists of a few small
protophloern elements and some slightly
large metaxylem ones. They are boththin-walled and longitudinally elongated.
Though no sieve pits are to be seen,
they should be sieve tubes. The xylem,
consisting of 1-2 small vessels of protoxylem and 2-3 slightly large ones ofmetaxylem, shows a similar outline withthe phloem. Besides, inside of thesexylem elements, there are larger vessels,

A Fossil Palm in Kenroku Park at Kanazawa

embedded in the fundamental tissue, but
their position is more or less irregular.
The sclerenchymatous tissue situatedbetween these elements are small but
thick·walled, and we see concentric striations in their walls. Outside of the protoxylem and phloem is a layer of somewhat large cells and a layer of small
cells, the latter being the endodermis.
The central pith of the stele consistsof large thin-walled parenchyma, and isclearly distinguished from the outersclerenchyma. The distir.ction of two
tissues in the root stele is generally met
with in the roots of living palms andfossil Palmoxylotz anchorus. In the pith,
there are some intercellular spaces in alarge root, but there are no vessels orother elements, which are sometimes
visible in some palms.
AFFINITY OF THE

RooT

The structure of the present root isof a typical monocotyledonous. The
structure of roots of living palms has
been fully described by DRABBLE, andthe structure of this fossil is similar tothat of some palms. As for the structure of fossil roots of palms, STENZEL
distinguished 4 species, and STEVENS(1912) and JuRASKY (1930) described a
species respectively.
The presence of large radial spacesin the cortex, one of the characters of
the present root, is sometimes observable in some living species, such as inTrachycarjms excelsa, Licuala spinosa,
L. graciolzts, etc., as well as in the large
root of Palmoxylon anchorus. According
to DRABBLE, the vascular bundle in most
species of palms is rather irregularly constructed. as the large vessels are distributed within the central pith, and thebundle with a typical structure, anothercharacter of the present root, is rather

229

rarely found, such as in Keniia Forsteriatza, Sable. filamctztosa, etc.
In
Palmoxylon anchorzts large vessels arefound within the pith of the large roots,
but they are wanting in the small ones.
Concerning the root only, the present
fossil resembles to the small root of thisspecies.
CoNcLUSioN
The above menti0ned char.:1cteristicsof the present fossil palms differ fromthose of hitherto describ~~l species, andthis should be an undescribed species.
The most valuable point of this fossil isin its fine preservation of two organs,but it is very regret that its original
locality is unknown, though it is said
that this was brought from an uncertain
southern country, so that the geologicalage is also obscure.
The oldest species of Palmoxylon, thatis P. Boxbergac (GEINITZ) STEI'ZET.. 'vas
known from the Turonian (Upper
Cretaceous) of France, and since thenthe others were found from every ages
and localities. The writer tried whether
he could judge the locality or geologicalage of the present fossil anatomicallyfrom the fossils already described, but
it was in vain. There are no distinctive
characters according to different ages or
localities.
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES

Palmoxylon JI.Eaedae, 0GURA sp. nov.
Palmoxylmz consisting of a stem andcluster of roots associated.
Stem. Stem with diameter of 40 em.
Vascular bundle accompanying fibroussheath scattered throughout, more closely in peripheral part than in internal
part. Fibrous sheath, consisting of thickwalled fi."Qers, much larger than vascular

230

Yudzuru 0GURA

bundle, cordate ; bundle situated at its
indentation, Phloem consists of thin·walled sieve tubes; xylem consists ofsmall and large vessels with thick walls.
Fundamental tissue porous, consisting ofparenchyma including large intercellularspaces, separated by a single row ofparenchyma. Fibrous strands scatteredin fundamental tissue ; stegmata at
periphery. Obliquely running leaf traces
abundant.

Root. Roots, 4-7 mm. in diameter, consists of thick cortex and central stele.
Epidermis and outer cortex unknown.
Middle cortex with radial construction,
traversed by very large radially extending intercellular spaces, separated bythin layers of 2-3 parenchyma. No
special tissue in cortex. Stele oval incross section, consists of external thick·walled sclerenchyma and central thinwalled pith. Typical polyarch vascularbundle embedded within sclerenchyma;
without abnormal vessels.
Locality and age unknown. This is preserved now as a natural monument in
Kenroku Park at Kanazawa. The park
was originally the private garden of the
Family of MAEDA, the lord of Kanazawa

clan, whom the specific name is dedicated.

LITERATURE CITEDDRAIIBLE. E. On the anatomy of the roots ofp1lms. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. Vol. 6.
1905.*JoNGMANS, W. ]. Palmenrt>ste in der Braunkohlengrube, Carlsborg bei
Heerlem(Nieder!. Limburg). Naturh. Maadbl. 2·t
1935.
]URASK Y. K. A. Die Palmenreste der niederrheinschen Braunkohle. Braunkohle. jg.
29. Heft 51-52. 1930.
.MUI.I.ER-SToLL, W. Palmenreste aus dem
Eociin des Oberrheingebietes und ihre
Erhaltung. Pal. Z. 17. 1935.
STEKZEI., K. G. Fossile Palmenholzer. Beitr.
P&l. Geol. d.sterr.-Ungar. Bd. 16, Heft 4.
1904.*
STE\'E:\'S, N. E. A palm from the tipper
Cretaceous of New Jersey. Amer . .Toum.
Sci. Vol. 34. 1912.
SoLEREDER, H. u. MEYER. F.l. Systematische
Anatomic der Monocotyledonen. Heft 3,
1928.** previous literatures are cited here.
A few literature appeared during and after
the War cannot be cited.

Explanations of Plate 21
Fig. 1. Cross section of a part of the stem, showing the arrangement of vascular bundles accompanying fibrous sheaths and small fibrous strands; oblique section of a leaf trace isvisible. x 8
Fig. 2. Tangential section of a part of the stem. showing the vascular bundles accompanying
fibrous sheaths (thick) and the fibrous strands (thin) running vertically, and some leaf tracesin cross section. x 4
Fig. 3. Cross section of a vascular bundle of a transitional type accompanying fibrous sheath(black mass); fundamental tissue with large intercellular sp3ces is also visible. x 35.
Fig. 4. The same of a typical type. x 35
Fig. 5. Cross section of a root, showing the thick radially constructed cortex and the central
stele. x 8
Fig. 6. A p1rt of the same enlarged. x 35

Pr.ATF: 21

OcuRA : Palmo:rylo114l, , ...!'..., ,/:· .
~ _;_~ I
2

,

5

6

•

• ;( - •Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 8; pp. 231-236, Pl. 22. Oct. 31, 1952.

223. NOTES A PROPOS DE QUELQUES PLANTES FOS,SILESDANS LE GROUPE D'ENNICHI (YONGIL) DU COREE
1\ltERIDIONALE. IY
TOSHIMASA TANAI
Service geologique du Japon

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presente sous divers aspects: dans lesparties inferieurs, ils sont composes deconglomerat et de sable conglomeratiques. Mais au-dcssus de ces COU·
ches pierreuses se superposent decouches de sable et d'argiles ; cependantils renferment souvent des moules avec
quelques mollusques, des genres Luciua,
Nucttlana, Yoldia. Acila etc., de plus,
les argiles n·nfermaient de nombreuses
empreintes de feuilles dont Ia conserva·
tion est bonne.
Les plantes fossiles etudiees dans lepresent travail ont ete recueillies par
KANEHARA, dans les argiles tufacees duGroupe d'Ennichi. L'auteur a examine
leurs echantillons, cependant les especes
de Betulacees, Laurinees, Leguminocees,
Aceracees, Sapindacees determines premierement sont les sui vantes :-Les provenances des riches tlores dela periode tertiaire moyenne dans leCoree, ont ete signa lees; par exemple,
S. E~DO, en 1940, a fait une etude surla flore tertiaire du Coree, K. HczioKA,
en 1943, a ecrit une note sur quelquesechantillons des plantes tertiaires duCoree. Ces fiores fossiles offrent certaines ressemblances avec des flores
miodmes du Japan, et leurs recherches
renferment de quelques problcmes interessants pour les questions de geographic
vegetate et pour d'autres questions
paleobotaniques.
Dans Ia region du Geijitsu (Yongil),
Keisho-hokudo (North Kyongsang-do)
du Coree, le systeme tertiaire se developpe en etendue vaste : le district
septentrional de cette region fut aussi
fait des recherches par K. KANEHARA,qui y recueillit une quantite assez considerable de restes de vegetaux fossiles.
Comme il decrit en detail, geologiquement cette region represente une vaste
formation mesozoique, peneplainise, puis
profondement disseque, avant Ia fin dutertiaire.
La formation tertiaire se

Carpinus Pro!ojaponica E~DO
C. protoerosa TA:-\AI
C.:ryptocarya emzichiensis TANAI
Plzo!be mioformosa11a TANAI
Entada jormosatza KANEHIRA
Dod011aea japonic:z (MORITA) T ANAl
Acer ornatum CARR.
A. cfr. palaeodiabo/icum E::-IDO
A. Profotrifidium T&.,.AI
A. subPictmn SAPORTA

1) Read June 30, 1951; received May 23,
1952.
231

232

Toshimasa T ANAl

A. Gimrala MAXIM.

lf•gerement du C. miocordata Hu et
CHANEY de Ia flore miocene dans Shantung de la Chine.
Lacalites de Provmance :' 1-730, 781

A. Mayrii SCHWERIN
Sapindus Ka11eharai T ANAl
S. lincarifolius BERRY

Entin, if nous faut remercier tres
vivement MM. F. MAEKA w A et H. HARA,de l'Institut botanique de J'Universite deTokio pour les suggestions cordiales etamicales. Nous tenons a temoigner ici
notre reconnaissance M. K. KANEHARA
du Service geologique du Japon et M.
T. KonA YAS HI de I'Institut geologique deI'Universite de Tokio, qui ont bien voulu
me presenter leurs echantillons.

Famille Laurinees

Cryptocarya emtichiensis T ANAl s p. nov.

a

Famille Betulacees

pl. 22. fig. 2

CorPillttS sp. nov., KANEHARA:
Ceo/. Sec., vol. 43. p. 82.

1936.

Ci1mamomum ogrmiensc, KAKEHARA:
loc. cit p. 83.

DescriPtion :-Feuille ovalee ou longuement elliptique, large de 3.5 em. environ
sur 6.5 em. environ de longueur, bordsentiers, largement arrondie
la base,sommet arrondie. Nervures principales
au nombre de 3
la base, nervure
mediane faible; nervures lati•rales externes s'echappant (angles d'emergence25°-30" environ> de Ia mecliane 1.5 mm.
au-dessus de la base, arquees, puis dressees, atteignant deux tiers de feuille.
Nervures de deuxieme ordre peu
discernables, subopposees, naissant de lamooiane ou des basihires ; les superie!lres paraissant camptodromes parbifurcation ; la troisieme nervures reliant
les secondaires.
Fruit globulaire, ou plutot ovolde,
avec les fines rides longitudinales;
mesurant 1.2 mm. de largeur sur 1.0 mm.
de longueur. Pedoncule curt, nette, 3mm. de longueur.
Remarques :-Nous avons penses
larapprocher des feuilles de Laurtts ou
Ct"tmamomum, mais la nervation montre
de grands rapports avec celle de certaines feuilles de Cryptocarya. La nerva·
tion de cette feuille se rapporte
celle
de Cinttamomum miocemem 1\1oRITA,
elles se distinguent des feuilles de C.
miocemem la base.
Actuellement, le genre Cryptocaryaa

Carpinus protoerosa TANAI sp. nov.

1936.

pl. 22, figs. 3 et 4

jour.

DescriPtion :-Involucre ovate ou ovate·elliptique. large de 1.0 em. sur 1.5
em. de longueur, sommet obtusement
aigu:e, base largement arrondie, asymetrique ; bords inferieurs entiers,
superieur.> dentees. Stipe net, droit. 3
mm. de longueur: nervures principales
au nombre de 4, presque droites, divergentes dans Ia base; nervures secondaires et tertiaires figurant des mailles
grossierement rectangulaires.
Remarques :-Cet echantillon, malgre
legerement incomplet, offre certaines
ressemblances avec des involucres du
CarPitms erosa vivant actuellement au
Japon, dnquel cependant notre espece
fossile est parfaitement distincte par sa
denture. Parmi les involucres fossiles duCarpinus, cette espece se rapproche
1) Des nombres qui signalent chaques locali·tes ont ete decrits dans Ia carte geologiquepar M. K. KANEHARA.

a

a

a

a

a

Notes a propos de quelques plantes fossiles dans le Groupe d'Ennichi

comprend pres de 7 especes habitantes
l'Asie tropicale et subtropicale. Parmi
les especes actuelles, cette espece fossile
se rapproche plus ou moins a Cryptocaryacltinensis HEMsL. de rile de Formose etde Ia Chine meridionale ; elles se disIa
Unguent cependant notablement
formes de feuille. Cette feuilles fossiles
se distinguent de celle de C. praesamarensis SANDoR:-: dans Ia fiore duComstock, Oregon de l' Amerique duNord.
Localites de Provertance : 730, 781.

afiore de Weaverville, California de!'Amerique du Nord.
Localites de provenance :-1, 83, 528.
730.
Famille LeguminoseesaPhoebe miofonnosana T A!': AI sp. nov.
pl. 22, fig. 5

1934.

Laurus umbellata, KAKEHARA : lo:·. cit.
p. 83.

Description :-Feuilles Janceolees ou
oblanceolees
sommet legerement
obtuse, a base cuneiforme, a bord entier,fermes et coriaces, large de 2.5-2.8 em.
sur 8.5-9.5 em. de longueur. La nervure
primaire evidente jusqu'au sommet, lesnervures secondaires etroites mais
evidentes, subalternes O'l alternes, 6-7
paires, legerement recourbees en arc,
camptodromes. Les nervures tertiaires
peu distinctes, percurrentes.
Petioleallongee, mesurant 1.3 em. de longueur.
Remarques :-Ces feuilles se rapprochent beaucoup de celles de P. formosana HAYATA, qui habite les forets
montagneuses de Ia Formose. Les dimensions de Ia feuille fossile sont cependantlegerement inferieurescelles des exemplaircs de P. formosana vivant
actuellement.
La feuille du Phoebe offre certaines
ressemblances avec des feuilles dequelques genre de Machilus, Persea et
Lindera. Cette feuille fossile se rapproche plus ou moins du Lazerophyllum
merrilli CHANEY et SANBORN dans Ia

a

a

233

E1ztada formosana KANEHIRA
pl. 22. figs. 6 et 7

Description :-Folioles petites, longueovalees, large de 1.0-1.8 em. sur 2.33.5 em. de longueur, base arrondie,
legerement asymetrique, bords entiers.
sommet arrondi ou petitement emarginate. Nervure mediane rectiligne, forte,
proeminent sur Ia face inferieure de Ia
feuille. Nervures secondaires, alternes
ou subalternes, greles, s'echappant irregulierement de la mediane, sous desangles ouverts, arquees en avant,remontant Ie long de Ia marge, camptodromes par grele bifurcation, ets'anastomosant en un reseau marginal.
Nervures d'ordres plus eleves, de meme
force que les secondaires, formant unlacis complique ; les mailles ultimes etant
polygonales.
Remarques :-Cette
petitefeuille,d'apres ses caracteres, aurait appartenu
la famille des Leguminosees. Nousavons pense
la rapprocher des folioles
de Dalbergia, Gledtchia ou Lespedeza,mais Ia nervation montre de grands
rapports avec celle de certain folioles
de E11tada, notament identique totalement
Ia folioles d' Entada formosan a
KASEHIRA. Cette espece est actuellment
vivante dans l'ile de Formose. Cette
feuille fossile se rapproche plus ou moinsdu Cassia puryearensis BERRY dans Ia
ftore eocene de !'Amerique de Nord.
Localites de provenance : -210, 310, 520,

a

a

a

731.

Dodonaea japonica (MoRITA) n. em.

234

Toshimasa. T ANAlpl. 22, fig. 8

Famille Ad•rad~es

Terminalia japonica, MoRITA: four.
Geol. Soc. Japan. vol. 40, p. 355.
1936. T. japonica, K,\NEHARA: loc. cit. p. 83.

Acer Prototrifidium TANAI sp. nov.

1933.

Description:-Fruit probablement deux<:ellulaire, deux-aile, pedoncule; capsule
relativement petite, reticulee, orbiculaire,
8-9 mm. environ au diametre. Ailelegere, comparativement large, Jargement emarginee au sommet ; veinuless'echappant regulierement des bords dela capsule.
Pedoncule relativement
longue, faible, 8-9 mm. de longueur.

Fig. 1 Dodonaca jaPonica (!\·IoRITA)(reconstitution probable, mais non certaine)pl. 22. fig. 13

1936.

Acer trifidium, KA:-1EHARA: loc. cit. p.
83.

. DescriPtio11 :-Feuillc petites, trilobee,
legerement asymetrique, base arrondie,
chaque lobe sc terminant en une pointe
longuement effilee, leurs bords Iateraux
entiers. Nervures principales au nombrede trois (fortes)]a base; nervuressecondaires indistinctes. opposees ott
subopposees, s' echappant normalement
de la mediane et s'anastomosant avec
Ies nervures seconclaires internes issues
des basilaires externes.
Remarques :-Les feuilles de l'erable
trilobee abondent dans Ies giesements
de plantes fossiles et dans Ia nature
actuelle. Notre echantillon montre certains caracteres communs
Acer trifidizmz vivement actuelle de Ia Chine
centrale ; elle en differe cependant parla forme de ses Jobes, qui, dans
l'ensemble, sont plus allongees proportionnellenment
leur Iargeur et se
terminant en pointe plus acuminee.
Cette espece se rapporte plutotA.
oblougum var. biauritum SMITH. par Ia
forme des lobes. Parmi les feuilles
fossiles, cette {·chantillon se rapporte
A. tri/obatum (STERNBERG) OU A. jlorinii
Hu et CHA!\EY.
Localile de provena11ce :-528.

aaRemarques :-Nos ichantiilons correspondent totalement aux fruits deTermi11alia japatzica figures par H.
MoRITA dans la flore miocene d'Oguni,
prefecture de Yamagata, cependant ces
fruits ne montrant pas les caracteresde ceux de Terminalia. Les genres
avec Jes fruits ressemblants de notreechantillon sont les suivantes: Pteroceltis, Ptelca, Dioscorea, Tripterygium,
Dodonaea. C'est de cette derniere genre
que notre fruit se rapproche le plus.
La decouverte de Dodonaea fossile est
tres interessante; cette plante est actuellement vivante dans l'ile d'Ogasawara
et de Formosa, Dodotzaea viscosa (LINNI~).
Parmi les especes fossiles, ce fruit serapporte plus ou moins au D. Ktzowltoni
BERRY dans la flore eocene de !'Ameriquedu Nord ; ellc se distingue cependantla forme de !'aile et de la capsule.
. Lacalites de provenmtce :-4, 29. 227.

a

a

a

a

Acer ornatum CARR.
pl. 22. figs. 10 et 111936.

Acer cupalmatum, KA::-<EHARA : Joe. cit.
p. 83.

1943.

Acer omatum, HUZIOKA; four. Fac.
Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. IV vol.
VII. No. 1. p. 133.

Notes a propos de quelques plantes fossiles dans le Groupe d'Ennichi

Feuille petiolee, Iargement cordiforme

a la base, palmatifide, a 7 lobes, ir-

regulierement dentee sur tout Ia ciTconference ; dents aigiies, tournees enavant; chaque lobe acumine, term.ine
en longue pointe ; les sinus entre leslobes forment des angles tres aigus.
Samare petite, l.0-1.3cm. environ delongueur; aile rectiligne au cote exti-rieur, arrondie au cote interieur:
fruit petit, semiellipsoid, 3 mm. environ
de longueur.
Remarques :-Les feuilles d'Acer palmalum vivant actuellement varient
beaucoup par rapport
Ia forme etla denture. Parmi beaucoup de variation-espece, ces echantillons paraissent
se rapprocher le plus d'Acer palmaittm
var. euPalmatum vivant actuellement.
Localites de Provenance :-211, 817.

aparfaitement assuri•e.
Ces feuilles fossiles se rap1)rochentprincipalement de celles de S. oregonianus K:-;oWLTOX dans Ia ftore miocene
de !'Amerique du Nord. Ces feuillecorrespondent avec celles de S. 1\fukurossi GAERTN. vivant actuellement, dans
1' Asie orientale. Cette espece se rapporte plut6t Rims succedmzea LI1'~AEUS
vivant actuellement.
Localites de provenance :-362, 950.

a

Sapindus Utzearijolius BERRY
pl. 22, fig. 16aFamille Sapindacf.es

Sapindus Katzeharai TA?-:AI sp. nov.
pl. 22. figs. 14 et 15

Description ;-Feuilles (folioles) petiolees, tres variables, ovales-lanceolees
ou ovales, large de 3.5-2.1 em. sur 6.5-4.2 em. de longueur, sommet longuement
acumine; base arrondie ou largement
attenui·e, asymetrique, bords entiers.
Nervurc mediane rectiligne, nette, forte;
nervures secondaires
opposeesousubalternes, faibles, dressees (angles
d'emergence 35°-60° environ). arquees
en avant, se terminant en camptodromie
ou par bifurcation. Nervures du troisieme reticulaires, formant des mailles
grossierement rectangulaires.
Remarques :-Les folioles rappellent
bien par leur forme celle des Sapindtts,
toutefois Ia nervation n'est pas assezbien concervee pour qu'on puisse
regarder cette determination comme

235

Sopil:dus lit~carifolius, BERRY, U. S.
Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper. 91. p. 275.
1936. Rhus sp .. KANEHARA: loc. cit. 83.

1916.

Fragments de feuilles (folioles) nemontrant le sommet, le plus longs 5.0 em.
1.2-1.5 em. de largeur; base cuneiforme,legerement asymetrique, limbe etroit,
lineaire, lanceole, legerement falciforme,bords entiers, subparalleles sur une
grande longueur.
Nervure mediane
forte ; nervures secondaires greles, opposees, arquees en avant, comptodromes,
au nombrc de plus 15 paires.
Remarques :-Au premier abord, cettefeuille se rapporte semblablement aux
feuilles de quelques genres de Salix,
Litsea ou Pistacia, cependant elle sedistingue des feuilles de leurs genresla nervation et Ies bords. Malgre lesechantillons incomplets, ces feuilles fossiles prescntent des rapports incontestables avec une Sapindaeees fossile de!'Amerique du Nord, le Sapindus lincarifolius BERRY. Cette espece se rapproche
plus ou moins de S. jalcifolius A. BRow~dans les flores oligo-miocenes de l'Europe.
Localites de provenmzce :-269, 953.

aBibliographie
BERRY, E. W.

(1916):The Lower Eocene

236

Toshimasa TANAI

Floras Southeastern North America. U.
S. Geol. Surv.. Prof. Paper, 91. pp.
5-353.
ENDO, S. (19>8): Cenozoic Plants from Tyosen(Korea). I. II., ]our. Geol. Soc. Japanval. 45, pp. 85·90, pp. 326-328. (enjaponais).
(1939): Some New and Interesting
Miocene Plants from Tyosen (Korea).
]ub. Pub/. Commem. Prof. H. Y ADE:'s
60th birthday vol. I, pp. 333-3€0.
(1950 a) : On the fossil Acer from japJn,
Korea and South Manchuria. Slrort
Papers IGPS. Tohoku U11iv .. No. I, pp.
11-17.
(1950 b): On the fos>il Carpinus fromJapan and Korea. Ibid. No. 2, pp. 51-57.
HU, H. H. et CHANEY. R. W. (1940): A
Miocene flora from Shantung ProvinL'e.
China. Camegie ItJSt. Waslr. Pub/., No.
507. pp. 1·82.
HUZIOKA, K. (1943): Notes on Some Tertiary
Plants from Tyosen (Korea). 1. ]our.

Fac. Sci., Hokkoido Imp. Univ .. Ser. IV,
vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 117-Hl.
(1951): Notes on Some Tertiary Plantsfrom Tyosen (Korea). II. Trar1s. Proe.
Palaeont. Soc. japan., New Ser. No. 3,
pp. 67-74.

KANEHARA, K. (1936): The Geology of theNorthern Part of Geizitu (Yongil) District, North Keishodo (North Kyongsando), Korea. ]our. Geol. Sec. Japan. Vol.
43. pp. 73-103. (en japonais).
KANEHIRA, R. (1936): formosan Trees (re.
vised edition).
LAMOTTE. R. S. (1936): Climatic Implicationof Sopi11dus orego11iauu.s. Carnegie Jnst.
Wash. Pub/. No. 455, p. 29-3R.
MAcGI:-l!TIE. H. D. (1937): The Flora of the
Weaverille Reds of Trinity, California.
Camegie bast. Wash. P11bl.. No. 465,
pp, 83-151.
MoRITA, H. (1931): On New Species of theGenera Cimwmomum and Smilax from
the Miocene Deposits of Oguni-Machi.
Uzen Province, Japan. ]apm1. ]our.
Geol. Geogr. Vol. IX, pp. 1-8.
(1933): On the Terminalia discoveredfrom the Miocene Flora of the OguniMachi, Yamagata Prefecture. ]our. Geol.
Soc, ]a/Jara, vol. 40, pp. 355-356. (enjaponais).
SANBORN, E. I. (1937): The Comstock Floraof West Central Oregon. Camegie biSt.
Wash. Pub/.. No. 465. pp. 1-28.
Yur.;G. C. (1937) : Illustrated Manual of
Chinese Trees and Shrubes. (en chinois).

Explication de Planche 22
Fig. 1. Carpinus ProtojaPo11ica ENDox2
x1
Fig. 2. CarPitrus Protoerosa TANAI
Fig. 3. Cryptocarya enniclziensis TANAI
x1
Fig. 4. Cryptocarya ennichimsis TANAI (fruit)x1
Fig. 5. Photbe mioformosmaa TANAI
x1
Figs. 6 et 7. Entada jormosana KANEHIRA
x I
Fig. 8. Dodonaea japonica (MoRITA) (fruit)x 1
Fig. 9. Dodonaea viscosa (L!KNE)
x1
x1
Fig. 10. Acer ornotum CARR.
Fig. 11. Acer onaaJrm• CARR. (fruit)x2
Fig. 12. Acer p:llaeodiabolicum ENDO
x1
Fig. 13. Acer prototrifidimn T ANAl
x1
Figs. H et 15. Sapitrdus Kaneharai TANAI
x1
Fig. 16. Sapindus linearifolius BERRY
x1

T. T ANAt, Quelques Plantes Fossiles

P t.ATI! 22

10

16

12

11

13

6
7

15

5

238

Teiichi KoBAYASHI

by NEWTON (1925).
Estlzeriella s. str. is different from thepreceding in the smaller number ofradial costae, although they attain some
20. They are stronger on the ventral
side, but frequently become obsolete
toward the umbo. Because the radial
costation is a remarkable characteristic
Estheriel/a is better to be distinguishedfrom the rest of Estherians as the
Estheriellidae, if not as the Estheriellinae.
The difference between the Estherians
and Leaians is greater. In the latterprominent carinae, 5 or Jess in number,radiate from the umbo. Therefore I
agree with RAYMoND to distinguishthem in the family rank.
'Prae/eaia triasiana CnER!\YSHEV, 1934,is the latest member of the family andrepresents an explicit genus by itself.
Therefore Metaleaia is proposed for it.
Finally Leperitta alta, L. curta, Fordilla troyensis and Modiolloides Prisca are,insofar as can be judged from theirdescriptions and illustrations, certainly
similar to Estherians. They are distinct
from either one of the Bradoriidae,
Beyrichonidae and Indianidae which
ULRICH and BASSLER ( 1931) referred to
the Conchostraca but RA YMOI'iD ( 1935)
proposed a new order, Bradorina, withthe contention that they are ancestral
to the Ostracoda.
ULRICH and BASSLER referred theafore mentioned species to the Limnadi ·iae and RAYMOND suggested their being
ancester of the Conchostraca. They are
all marine fossils and no Estherianornament is found on their carapace.
Furthermore no linking form is known
in the prolonged time from late Cambri·
an to Gotlandian. Therefore it may
appropriate to distinguish them as afamily in Conchostraca, separated fromthe Lioestheriidae.

Family Lepidittidae KoBAYASHI,
new family
Carapace calcaro·phosphatic, similar
to Estherian. but has no Estherian typeof ornamentation.
·
This comprises Lower (?) and Middle
Cambrian Lepiditta, Lower Cambrian
Fordilla and Lower Cambrian Modiolo·
ides, all Atlantic and marine.
Family Lioestheriidae RA YMmm
This includes all of the fossil Estherian
genera without any distinct radial ribs
or carinae.
Distribtttiotz :-Lower Devonian to Cre·taceous.

Figure 1

Pseudo!eaia
rectangula(YOKOYAMA)
3b

3c
Figure 2

Metaleaia triasiaua

Figures :>a-c(CIIERNYSHEV)

Prae/eaia quadricarinata
LUTKEVICH

Genus Pseudoleaia KoBAYASHI,
new genus
Estherians similar to Leaians insubquadrate outline and presence ofdiagonal carinae which are, however,239

Sundry Notes on Fossil· Estherians
incomparably weak, one extending fromthe umbo to the postero-ventral angle
and the other from the umbo to the
middle of the ventral margin andespecially weak.
The monotype is Estheria rectangula
YoKoYA:'.IA, 1894 (Fig. 1), from the
Neocomian of the Yuasa basin, Prov. Kii,
(Wakayama Pref.). Japan.
Family Estheriellidae KoBAYASHI,
new family
Similar to the Estherians but having
radial ribs which become generally
obsolete toward the umbo.
Family Leaiadidae RA YMO.t-:D

Similar to Estherians but have one orseveral prominent radial carinae.
Distribution:- Middle Devonian toLower Triassic.
Genus Metaleaia KoBAYASHI,
new genus
Leaian with 5 nodose radials carinae
beside one on the dorsal margin. Praeleaia (Figs. 3a-c) has four or fivecarinae which are not nodose ; dorsal
margin not carinated.
Monotype is Praeleaia
triassiana
CHERNSHEV, 1934 (Fig. 2 ), from theLower Triassic Maltsevo series in the
Kuznetsk basin, Siberia.

Alphabetical List of Fossil Estherian Genera and Related Gener..t
Anomalonema RAYMOND, 1946. (Esthcriella remnatui PRUVOST, 1911)
Westphalian
Asmussia PACHT, 1849. (Amussia membranacea PACHT, 1849)
Devonian
Cornia LUTKEV ICII, 1938. (Cornia papil/aria LUTICEVICH, 1937)
Upper Permian
Cyc!estherioides RAYMO:-iD, 19~6. (Esthcria lcnticularis l'vl!TCIIEI.L, 1927). Triassic
Dadaydedeesia RA YMOSD. 1946. (Esthericlla radial a (SAI.ISA) var. multiradiata
Jo:-;Es)
We3tphalian to Triassic
Diap/ex NOVOZIIILOV, 1916. (Diap/ex tigj:mmsis NOVOZHILOV, 1946)
Triassic
Diaphora NovoZliiLOV. 1!:146. (DiapJ:ora lttberculata Novozuu.ov, 1946)
Triassic
Eriopsis RAYMOND, 1946. (ErioPsis belli RAYMO~D. 1946)
Carboniferous
Estheriella WEISS, 1875. (Posidonomya ttodosocosta!a, GIEBEL)
Triassic
Estherii11a JoNES, 1891. (Estlterii11a bresiliensis Jo:>ES, 1897)
Carboniferous (?). Cretaceous
Estlterifcs KOBAYASIIl and HUZITA, l!H3. (Estlteria mitsuisltii KoBAYASHI andHUZITA, 19·12)
Mesozoic and older
Euestlteria DEI'ERAT and MAZERAN, 1912. (Posid011ia mitmla von ZIETE:-1, 1833)
Devonian (?) to Triassic
Fordilla BARRA:"DE. 1881. (Fordi/la troyensis BARRA..'\DE, 1881)
Lower Cambrian
Hemicyc/oleaia RAY;>.IOND, 1g.16. (Hcmicycloleaia lacvis RAYi\IOND. 194'i)
Dinantian to Westphalian
Leaia ]o:-ms, 181i2. (CyPric:~rdi11ia leidyi LEA, 1855)
Dinantian to Permian
Leperdilta MATTHEW. 1886. (Leperditta alta MATTHEW, 1886) L:>wer (?) and Middle C:~mbrian
Lim11estheria WHIGHT, 1928. (Limncstheria ardra WRIGHT. 19:'8)\Vestphalian
Lioestheria DEPI':RAT and MAZER!I.N. 1912. (Lioestheria lallycnsis DEPERAT and
1\IAZERAS. 1912)
Devonian to Triassic
Metaleaia KoBAYESHI. 1952. ( Prae/eaia lriassiana CHER:-;Ysu EV. 1934)
Lower Triassic
1'11fodio/oides WALCOTT. 1889. (Modoioloid.;s prisca WALCOTT, 1887)
Lower Cambriani'.fo~toleioloPhus RAYMmJD. 1946. (MonolcioloPhttS rmicostatlls RAYMo~o. 1946)
Orthothemos RAYMO~D. 19·16. (Estheria draperi jo:o-:Es and WooDWARD. 1894)
Permian (?) to Cretaceous

240

Teiichi KoBAYASHI

Palaeolim11adia RAYMo:-.D, 1946. (Estheria wim10matte11sis MITCHELL, 1927) Permian to Triassic
Palaeolimnadiopsis RAYMOND, 1946. (PalaeolimnadioPsis carpe11teri RAYMOND, 1946)
Devonian (?) to Permian
Palaestlteria BERNARD, 1929. (Eslheria a11omala JoNES, 1901) Westphalian to Lower Cretaceous
Paraleaia RAYMO~D. 1946. (Leaia klict1eri GOLDENBERG, 1873)
StephanianPemphicyclus RAYMOND, 1946. (Pemphicyc/us lamitzalt4S RAYMOND, 1946)
Westphalian to Permian
Polygropta Novozmr.ov, 1946. (Polygrapta t:hatmzgcmis 1\'ovoZfllLOV, 1946)
PermianPraeleaia LUTKEVICH, 1929. (Prealeaia quadrica1i11ata LUTKEVlCH, 1929)
Middle Devonian
Pseudoleaia KoBAYASHI, 1952. (Estlteria recta11gula YoKOYAI\IA. 1894)~eocomianPseudoslheria RAYMOND, 1946. (Pseudestlzeria brevis RAYMO~D. 1946)
Devonian to Triassic
Rhahdosliclws RAYMOND, 1946. (Estheria Pulex CLARKE, 1882)
Cambrian (?), Gotlandian <?), Devonian
NB.

Beside them there are some Jurassic and Cretaceous species referred to Bairdestlteria
RAYMmiD, Ly1rceus MOLLER and Limnodiopsis SPE:-:CER and HALL.

References Selected*
CHERNYSHEV, B. I. (1934), On Some Bran·
chiopoda from the Kuznetsk Basin. Trav.
Soc. Nat11r. 63.
KoBAYASHI, T. and A. HUZITA (1943). Estlze.
rites and its relation to the Genera of living
estherids. Proc. Imp. Acad. Tokyo vol. 19.
- - and H. KUSUMI (MS), A study on Est he·riles middendorfii (JoNES).
l.UTKEVICH, E. M. (1938). On some Phyllopoda
from U.S. S. R. Atm. Soc. Paleotlt. Russie.
11.
NEWTON, R. B. (1925). Marine Triassic Fossils
from the Malayan Provinces of Kedah andPerak. Geal. Mag. vol. 62.

* I thank Prof. ]. M. WELLER for having
access of a photograghed copy of Novo.
ZHILOV'S paper.

NovozHll.OV, N. I. (1045), New Phyllopoda
from the Permian and Triassic deposits of
Nordwick-Khatanga region. Subsurface of
the Arctic 110. 1.
RAYMOND, P. E. (1935), Lem1choilia and other
Mid-Cambrian Arthropoda. Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool. Hart'ard Coli vol. 76, 110. 6.
- - (1916). The genera of fossil Conchostracanorder of bivalved Crustacea. Bull. 1"v!us.
Comp. Zool. Harvard Coli. vol. 96. 110. 3.
RusCONI, C. (1946), Varias Especies de Trilo·
bitasy Estherias del Canwrico de Mendoza.
Rev. Soc. Hist. Geogr. Cuyo. t'ol. 1.
ULRICH, E. 0. and S., BASSLER (1931). Cam·brian bivalved Crustacea of the Order Conchostraca. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 78.
art. 4.
YoKOYAMA. l'Vl. (.1894), Mesozoic Plants from
Kozuke Kii, Awa and Tosa. ]our. Coil.
Sci., ImP. Univ. japan. vol. 7, art. 3.

Postscript
In hunting through literatures, two genera and a subgenus were found as follows:
Ycrtexia I.t:TKE\'ICH, 1941 ('Verte."ia tauriconzis LUTKE\lCH, 19U)
EstherioPsis Rusco:--;1, 19·lB (Es/ll!'riopsis baycnsis Rusco/\1, 1948).
Echinesthcria MARLIERE, 1950 (Estheria (Echinestheria) marimbensis l\lAR!.IERE, 1950)
The second genus is quite different from all others in the Lingufa.Jike aspect.

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Jap:m, N.S., No. 8, pp. 241-248, Pl. 23, Oct. 31, 1952

225. STRATIGRAPHICAL AND PALEONTOtOGICAL STUDIESOF THE LATER PALEOZOIC CALCAREOUS ALGAE IN JAPAN, IV.
-Notes on the calcareous algae of the Omi limestone!> -RIUJI ENDO
Dep:1rtment of Earth Sciences, Saitama University, Urawa, Japan2•

Jlh'1Hi.~1ii!li?iFJ<~: Mlll:';;.;Mtti&l~'ftlc!T-t::TI.-::>-c llfi!IJ•~J!ti!li~£Wrfk*7'!U • mmm • r,!iJJ<~ •-~~~IIJ • ,f,1tHimvi!;:5f;ffj 1... "Cv• 7.>/ilriil'!Jlf71J.:P~)(:l'}k 1ifl.!tt7ilflitl· E> :jilf~ L!l!f7H~<JI'Uo .l!J~ -::>"C'*.!f:!jtf! UJ.::~~cl}iHi/,ii~cUJii+f.t ~tit~ 1... ~o !.ij.l{;O:ff fL!tti!JH" $ K l:t~"j&o;pf)(~1t:fitJ; ~a .tL-c:,-oo-c:·. 7c".>t:Hlfk ?IT. *'li"fHiYJ(i*-:liillill,b. i'PJUIIO~!Il1n~tt~~~- ~(l10~t:t§-c:~1:1rlt!flJ!iO Jft11r. t:"lijf~ L i':: 1!1. :ll;'ifi" r.:: J: < Mm IO*Iiw.ll C.-!!< 1... k IO""t:~l.:.-'!: .ft. a: if!!i!;· ·J- o o liilll;j r.:: 2-:>
10 0/igoporella OfJTflR:i:filJ~ L. f.'.r~ AnthracoPorcl/a, Mizzia ltV: Anclzicodium '*/ji$10~~~M~-fli-? ~ t: ilcfitif!Hii· 1...1: o i!i • II£ ~Mizzia velebitana ScHUBERT indicate
respectively the Visean, Lower Permian,and Middle to Upper Permian ages.
The writer studied KAWADA's thinsections in reference to the above conclusion and determined the stratigraphical relations and geological ages ineach locality of the Omi limestone. Thenthe writer compared the results of hislaboratory work with KAWADA's opinions
which were attained by his field as wellas his laboratory work. The stratigra·
phica.l conclusions gained by the studyof calcareous algae were found to benearly identical with KA WAIJA's opinions.
There were a few minor disagreements
between the writer's and KA wADA'sopinions. At any rate, it seems appropriate to report these facts in the following in association with the paleontological descriptions of the several speciesof calcareous algae found in KA w ADA:sthin sections.
In this opportunity, the writer \vishes
to express his sincere thanks to Shigema
KA WADA, Tokyo Educational University,

INTRODUCTION AND AcK:-:oWLEDGEMENTS
For several years Shigema KAWAD.-\has studied in detail fusulinid specimens,
collected in the Omi limestone which
occurs in the vicinity of Utatonami andalong the upper course of the Tamigawa
River, and he found several species of
Triti'cites. He and his leader (in FuJIMOTo & KAWAllA, 1951) thereby succeeded in establishing with certainty thepresence of the Uralian age in Japan.
During his study of Fusulinidae he used
more than 200 thin sections. Since someof them include rather well preserved
calcareous algae which KAWADA kindly
forwarded to me for study.
From his studies of calcareous algae
found in Sakamotozawa, Iwate Prefecture, in 1951 the writer (ENDo, 1951, '52)
concluded that Anthracopore!la spectabilis
PIA, A11chicodimn magnum E:-;uo and1)

Read April 5, 1952; received June 21.
1952.
2) Contribution from the Laboratory of Earth
Sciences, Saitama University. Urawa.

241

242

Riuji ENDO

for his grateful friendship. The writer
express also his gratitude for the finan·cial help provided by the Educational
Department. The author is also indebted to Mr. Arnold MAsoN, of the Tokyo
branch office, U.S. G. S., for his aid inediting the English typescript.
STRATIGRAPHY

visited the Omi district, the following
listed stratigraphical relations and geological ages of each fossil locality wereobtained by the laboratory examinationof the thin sections containing calcareous
algae. KA w ADA's conclusions from his
studies of Fusulinidae and his field work
are compared as follows.

Since the writer had never previously

I Upper Gymr:ocodimn jaPonicum KoNISH 1---

I

Mizzia yabci (KARPL...,SKY).......

Middlec::·a..."' --- Oligopore/la s-kawadai, new species

0

Q

!I:

~I~
I

ferousUpper

Anthracoporclla spectabilis PIA

UT13

I

Ilacking_ -------~-------

Ozawainella sp.
Ncoschwagcrina margarilac DEPRAT
Middle s,.matrina sp.
Pscudofusulina cfr. regu/aris (SC!IELLW.)
Scl:uberte/la sp.
~

<

~

c::

;!::

'§"'

:::.::v>:...

<·a....
"'
""

Qj

Lower

0

'

Sl3, S24
Sl3, S24·
S24
Sl3

--~-1

I
I

Sll, S34, 536, S10. KH2,1
K!124

I

...."'~·aI
I

Sll, 532, S34, 536, S40
K134 1<137, Kl42, UT77
I
UTlOOa, T40
I
UT77

i

I Carboni·i

KI-11, KHS, KH9. Sl3.
S!4
1
KH8

Anchicodium magnum ENDO
0/igoporel/a omie11Sis, new species

Lower

t4)

<

KH23, KH243>

Ozawaine/la sp.
Klll-9
Pscudofusulina cfr. Vulgaris (SCHELL W.)
KHl-9
I
I
P. tschemycl:ewi (SCHELLW.)
KHl-9
I
P. krolowi (SCHEU.W.)
KH23, KH24
According of oral statements by KAWADA, KH23 and KH24 are higher
horizons than that of KHl-9.
I
Fusu/inel/a sp.
UTlOOaI
Pseudofusulina cfr. a/Pina var. commzmis(SCHELLW.)
Kl34, Kl37, Kl40. Kl42
Pseudo(usulina rou:ci (DEPRAT)
Kl34, Kl37, Kl40, K142 I
I
T40
Tnticites cfr. simplex (SCHF.Ll.W.)

l1

Carboniferous

I Quasifusulil:a sp.
Tr:ticites mi11imus THOMPS0:-1
T. mi/leri THOMPSON
13) KAWADA's locality number.

UT13
UT13
UT13

I

I
I

Stratigraphical and Paleontological Studies of the Later Paleozoic Calcareous Algae

Among the above listed symbols T. S,
KH, UT and K indicate respectively the
Tamigawa River (ffl1~WI). Shimizukura
Ci#lktl"). Mt. Kurohime (~"WJUJ), Utato·nami (;:fk9HIIO and the Kotaki River (1],

11EJI 1).
According to KA w ADA's report, theOmi limestone consists of two separate
limestone blocks, the Kurohime limestone
and the' Myojo limestone. The former

I_

243

occurs at the Tamigawa River, Shimizu.
kura, Utatonami, and Mt. Kurohime,
and the latter along the Kotakigawa
River.
As will be seen from the above tables,
one may note that KAWADA and thewriter's opinions are nearly indenticalon the stratigraphical and paleontologicalstandpoints. However, a few disagree·ments exist as indicated in the following.

KAWADA

ENDO

I

I

I

KH23
KH24

Upper
PermianGymnocodium

Lower

japonicum

Permian

I

I

Scltubertella sp.
Pseudo/tJsul ina
krotowi

!
I

'

:
KH 1
Middle

KH 8

I
I
I

Permian

KH 9

I

Mizzia yabei

I

Lower

Oligoporellas-k~wadaiI

According to Carl C. BRAl'>SoN's (1948)" Bibliographic Index of Permian Invertebrates" and M. L. THoMPsm:'s (1948)"Protozoa ", genus Sclmbertella is reporteel in the strata ranging from the basal
Permian to the Middle Permian while
Pseudojusuli1za krotowi is found in the
Schwagerina bed alone. On the other
hand, Gymnocodittm belleroplwntis (Ro·
THPI.EZ) is reported in the Bellerophonkalk in Alpen, Europe, and its allied
species G. japonicum (KoNJs!!I, 1952) isfound also in the Iwaisaki limestone(E:-:no, MS) associated with Yabeitza.
However, since the specimens of G.
japonicmn from localities KH23 andKH24 are very poor, there is need toreexamine the specimens as well as thatof P. krotowi. Therefore. the geologicalage of KH23 and KH24 need to be
restudied.
The geological age of KHl, KH8 andI

PermianI

Sclwbertel/a sp.
Ozawainclla sp.
Pseudofusulit:acfr. vulgaris
P. tschern.vchewi

I

I

I
I

I

KH9 was identified as the Middle Per·
mian by the writer it was rcportec~ as
the Lower Permian by I< Aw ADA. Amongthe fossils from these localities, Sclttt·
bertella and Ozawainella are found also
in the Middle Permian strata and thevertical range of Pseudojusuli11a tscherttychewi is great, extending from the
Schwagerina bed to the Upper Permian.
However, there might remain some pro·blem as to the specimens of Pseudofusu·
litw cfr. vulgaris. It is immaterial whe·ther the specimen of Fu.sulinella sp.
from UT100a is regarded as Lower
Permian or Middle Permian species.
The exact stratigraphical position of
UT100a may be decided directly upon
the basis of the field work.
In short, the stratigraphical deteminations based upon the calcareous algae
may be correct in a broad sense.

Riuji ENDO

N6

E\·en though this species is representsented by each one of longitudinal andcross sections, they show sufficient characteristic features to identify it anddetermine its major characters.
DescriPtio11s:- Thallus 6 mm. long,
cylindrical: nealy circular in cross-section_ l:'ores given off from the central
stem as ball·like expansions wh:ch
gradually diminish into very slenderpassages toward exterior. Pores arearranged perpendicularly to both innerand outer surfaces of the calcareous
wall; however, they are sometimes
slightly ascending towards exterior.
Pores are arranged as definite whorls.
The basal, spherical part of pores seemto be sporangia.
Comparisons:- This species may becompared with Oligopore!la duPlicata
PIA in Europe, but the ball-like expansions at the basal part of the poressen•e re:~.dily in distinguishing it fromthe latter species.
Remarks :-The specific name is given
in honor of Shigema KAWADA, who kindly forwarded all materials of the present
work to me for study.
This alga is associated with A1izzia

yabei (KARPJNSKY).
All described species of O!igoporella
were reported only from rocks of Triassic age. Thus the present species andthe following described 0. imziensis are
believed to be the first reported occurrence of this genus in the Permian strata
and the first record of it in Jap:m.
Occurrence .--Middle Permian: (KH8)
in the limestone bed on 1\1t. Kurohime,
Nishikubiki-gun. Niigata-Ken, Japan_
Holotype :-D. E. S., Saitama Univ.,
Slides Nos. 117, 124.

O!igoporella omiensis, new species
Pl. 23, fig. 8

OligoPorclla omiensis ENDO
MBasuremenls

No. 121

D.

d.

h.

w.

p.

s.

1.042mrn.

0.521 rnm.

0.282·4 mrn.

7±02€0"i mrn.

0.2€05mm

This species is based on relatively
well preserved longitudinal-sections andassociated fragment of cross-section.
Less number of pores in a whorl, itsball-like expansion at the basal ends
along the central stem and the presenceof remarkable distance between two
whorls suggest that the present species
belongs to genus Oligoporella.
Descriptions:-Thallus long, cylindricaland slightly undulating; almost circularin cross-section. Pores start from thecentral stem as ball-like expansions
which may gradually diminish into
slender passages toward exterior. Pores

may be slightly ascending. No sporangia observed, however the basal
spherical part of pores might be furnished as sporangia.
Comparisons :-This species differsfrom all described species of Oligoporel/ain having a remarkable distance between
two whorls, namely high numericalvalue of h and a small number of poresin a whorl.
Remarks: -Observed specimens areassociated with Anchicodium magnum
E:wo and Pseudofusulina cfr. japonica(Gl:l\IB.)Occurrence :-Lower Permian: (UT77)

Stratigraphical and Paleontological Studies of the Later Paleozoic Calcareous Algae

247

Anchicodium magnum· Ermo

in the limestione at Utatonami, Nishi·kubiki-gun, Niigata-Ken, Japan.
Syntypes :-D.E.S., Saitama Univ., Slide
No. 121.

Pl. 23, figs. 6 and 7

Anchicodium magnum ENDO, 1952. Trans. Proc.
Palaeont. Soc. ]apa11, N. S, No 4, pp. 125,
126, Pl. 11, figs. 3-5.

Family Codiaceae
Genus Atzchicodium JoHKSON, 1946

At~chicodium.Measuremerrts

No. 120
No. 118
No. 113
No. 112

Diameter of fineterminal branchD.

p.

0.4689mm.
0.62520.78150.46890.077lmm.
0.10l20.0771
00771

This species is rather abundantly andextensively distributed in the Omi limestone and show distinct specific charaters.
Descriptions :-The measurements,characters of pores with fine terminal
branches, somewhat undulating cylindrical thalli with pith-like central massof the present specimens indicate thatthey are identical with Anchicodium
magnum E~no from the Kitakami Moun·tainous Land in Japan.
Remm·ks :-Though almost all specimens of this species from the Kitakami
Mountainous Land are coated with dark,
concentric layers of some kind of spongeor Porostromata at their outside of thecalcareous bodies, while the specimensfrom Omi limestone did not show any
such coatings except very few cases.
Observed specimens are found in associated with Oligoporella omiensis. newspecies, Pseudofusulina cfr. a/pi11a var.
commzmis (ScHELL w. ), P. rou:ri ( DEPRAT ),and Triticites cfr. simPlex (ScHELLW.)
Occurrence :-Lower Permian: (Sll,S32, S34, S36, S40) in the limestone at
Shimizukura; <KI34, KI37, Kl40, KI42)
along the Kotaki River; (UT77, UTtOOa)

magnum ENDO

0.0260mm.
0.02600.03650.0260d.
0.208·1 mm.
0.26050.36470.1563

at Utatonami ; and (T40) along theTamigawa River. All these localities
are situated in the Omi district, Nishikubiki-gun, Niigata-Ken, Japan.
Plesiotypes :-D.E.S., Saitama Univ.,
Slide Nos. 118, 120.
Selected Bibliography
BRANSO:S, Carl.

C. (1948): Bibliographic index
of Permian invertebrates. Foraminifera,
2-94· pp.
EN Do, Riuji (1951) : Several new species fromthe Sakamotoz:nva section, Hikoroichimura. Kesen-gun, in the Kitakami Mountainous Land, (in English). Tras. Proc.
Pa/aeonl. Soc. ]apa11, New Ser. No. 4,
121-129 pp. 2 pis.
(1952): Several previously described
species from the Sakamotozawa section.
ibid. No. 5, 139-144 pp. 1 pl.
(1952) : Several interesting calcareous
algae, found in the Permian Iwaisaki
limestone. :\Iotoyoshi.gun, in the Kita·
kami Mountainous Land. (in English),(in Press.).
FUJIMOTO, Haruyoshi and KAWADA, Shigemaro (1951): On the Triticites zone,
found in the Omi limestone, Niigata
Pref., (in Japanese). ]our. Geo/. Soc.

248

Riuji ENDO

faPatl, Vol. 57, No. 675, 266-267 pp.
JoHNSON, J. H. (1942): Permian lime-secretingalgae from the Guadalupe Mountains,
New !\texico. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer.
Vol. 53, 195-266 pp. 7 pls .. 5 figs.
- - and M. E. DoRR. (19i2): The Permian
Algal Genus Mizzia. four. Palco11f. Vol.
I6, No. 1, 63-77 pp. 4 p!s .. 1 text-fig.
- - (1943): Geologic importance of calcareous
algae with annotated bibliography.
Quart. Colorado School of Mines. Vol.
38. No. I, 102 pp., 9 pls.
(1946): Lime-secreting algae from thePennsylvanian and Permian of Kansas.
8111/. Geol. Soc. Am. Vol. 57, 1087-1120
pp., 10 p's., 5 figs.
- - (1951): Permian calcareous algae fromthe Apache Mountains, Tl.'xas. ] our.
Paleo11t.. Vol. 25, No. I. 21-30 pp .. 5 pls.
Kmasm. Kenji (1952): Occurrence of Gymnocodium, a Permian alga, in Japan, (inEnglish). Trans. Proc. Palaeo11t. Soc.
Japan, N. S., No. 7, pp. 215·221. pl. 1,
6 text-figs.
OZAWA, Yoshiaki(1927):
Stratigraphicalstudies of the Fusulina limestone of
Akasaka, Province Mino, (in English).
Tokyo Imp. Univ. Foe. Sci. four .. Sec.
2, 121 pp.
PIA. Julius V. (1912): Neue Studien Uber
die Triadischen Siphoneae verticillatae.
Beitr. Palti'outologie Ostcrr.-Ungarns. 11.
des Orients. Bd. 25, 81 pp., 25 pis .. 24
text-figs.
- - (1920): Die Siphoneae verticillatae vom
Karbon bis zur Kreide. Zool-Bot. Gesell.,
Wic11 Abh., Bd. II, Hjl. 2, 263 pp., 8
pis., 27 text-figs.
- - (1926): Pfhnzen als Gesteinsbilder 355 pp.
(1937): Die Wichtigsten Kalkalgen desJungp'llaozoikums und ihre geologische
Bedeutung: 2 Cong. av. Ctudes Strati g.
Carbon., I935: Compte rendu, (2), 809810 and 822 pp.
THol\tPSo~. M.L. (1948): Studies of American
Fusulinids, Protozoa, Art. 1, 1-184 pp.
YARE, Hisakatsu (1949) : A new fossil Dasycladaceae from the Lower Permian ofChina. (in English) Proc. ]apa11 Acad.
Vol. 25, No. 2, 61-63 pp., 2 text-figs.

Explanation of Plate 23
The symbols used for the explanation of the plate are as follows.
UT, KH, T. =Fossil localities
S. no=Siide number
Fig. 1.
AnthracoPorella spectabilis PIA ( x 15)
A fragment of tangential section.
Upper Carboniferous: UT 13, S. no. 114.
Figs. 2-5. Mizzia yabei (KARPINSKY) ( x 15)
2.
Slightly oblique, longitudinal section and an associated, oblique cross section.
Middle Pnrmian: KH 7, S. no. 109.
3. and 4. Two cross sections showing central stems and character of pores. KH 8, S. nos.
123 and 117.
5.
Two well-preserved longitudinal sections. KH 8, S. no. 117.
Figs. 6 and 7. Anchicodiwn magnum ENDO ( x 15).
Three. rather fragmental. longitudinal sections, showing branches and their tufts.
Lower Permian: T. 40, S. nos. 118, 120.
Fig. 8.
OligoPorella omietJSis, new species. ( x 15).
A longitudinal section and an associated fragment of cross section in the right lower
corner.
Lower Permian: UT 77. S. no. 121.
Figs. 9 and 10. Oligoporella s-kmvadai. new species. ( x 15)
9.
Relatively well-preserved, longitudinal section showing central stem and character of pores.
10.
A cross section.
Micicl'le Permian: KH 8, S. nos. 117 and 12i.

R. ENoo, Calcareous Algae from Omi

HoRICUCW, Photo.

PI.IITR 23

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 8, pp. 249-254, pl. 24, Oct. 31, 1952

226. ON SOME MIOCENE PECTINIDAE FROM THE
ENVIRONS OF SENDAIKOICHIRO MASUDA
Junior College of Education, Tohoku University, Sendai
1!llf.W:H!£tl•if~il'ii Pectinidae "J.::3 f~¥tv • -c : fliJ #utili: "J q. ;mtftlf{ "J Pectinidae "J tfl. Pecten(P5eudamusium) akihoensis MATSUMOTO ;&V::. Miyagipectell matsr1morietzsis MASUDA n. sp.
i:L, ~1·::. Miyagipecten t.t o ~~a: tJ.';Pi\ Lt: 0 ;Si:* Pecteu (Pseudamusium) akihomsis
MATSUl\!OTO 11, *:'IS· I~ J: lJ~ .tt.'tt:: Miyagipecteu matsumoriensis MASUDA .!: , /l{ki./Hll;;.fl../51<:: :1, "J<:, Pcctw (Pseudamusium) akilzoer.sis MATSUMOTO f:t PfacoPecfell /Ill t::/lii't'o.:. .!: i):~J-::>ko X.il!Hil1' <=> Horizon l:t, PlacoPecte11 akihoensis (MATSUMoTo) f:t Lower
Miocene "t:'h !1, J'v!iyar,ipectetr matsumoriensis MASUDA l:t Middle l\Iiocene <:. flllt;l'#ti/i"J}jiface

F:t=4iif3t"JAv·'iR~ft::ri.!: tz o oili\•.tlff£1~-a~designated as " Akio, Natori District.
Province of Rikuzen •·. However, Miocene marine deposits do not occur atthat locality. Further, no subsequent
reference has been given to the precise
geographical position or geological horizon of tne type specimen.
S. NoMuRA and K. HATAI reported
Pectetz (Pseudamzesizmz) akilzoensis l\fA.
TSuMOTo from the Nanakita formation
at Matsumori in Nanakita-mura, Miyagigun, Miyagi Prefecture. However, subsequent study shows that their specimen
differs specifically from MATSUMoTo's.
and for it a new name is proposed asshown in later pages of this article.
Under the circumstances, the writer
finds it worthy to describe the characters of the so-called aki/zoemis, based
upon a neotype which was collected fromthe LO\\''er Miocene Moniwa formation
at K umanodo, which is the type localityof H. MATSUMoTo's specimen. He also
finds it necessary to describe a new
species of pectinid fossil from the Middle
Miocene Nanakita formation at Matsumori, Nanakita-mura, Miyagi-gun, Miyagi Prefecture, particularly because it

Introduction and Acknowledgements
Among the Pectinidae fossils hitherto
recorded from the Miocene formations
developed in the environs of Sendai,
Miyagi Prefecture, Pecle1l (Pseudamusi·um) akihomsis described by H. MATsuMoTo is of particular interest, becauseof its limited geological range, rather
wide geographical distribution and con·fusing characters.
The type of H. MATSUMoTo's species
seems to have been lost, at least it has
not been found in the collections of the
In!"titute of Geology and Paleontology,
Tohoku University or the Saito Ho-on
Kai Museum, both in Sendai. His type
was collected from " Kumanodo " inTakadate-mura,
Natori-gun, Miyagi
Prefecture, but the description given to
his type is copied from I. SAGA's manuscript. However, the specimen which I.
SAGA originally described and illustrated
seems to have been either misplaced or
lost. The manuscript name is applied
to a specimen whose type locality is
1) Read June 22, l952; received June 22. 1952

249

250

Koichiro MASUDA

has teen confused with H. MATSUMoTo's
species.
Acknowledgements ~re due to Dr. Ko·
tora HATAI of the Department of Geo·logy, Junior College of Education, Tohoku
University, Sendai, for kindly supervising the present work.

and fine concentric growth lines ; ComPtmzecles striation present near margin ;radial threads usually narrower than theinters paces; auricles subequal in size,
the anterior one with wide and shallow
byssal notch and sculptured with only
fine concentric growth lines. Left valve
with about 37-40 fine, close-set, distinct,
somewhat slightly imbricated primaryradial threads with regular intervals andocassionally with an intercalary riblet
between the radials on lower half ofdisc ; interspaces between radials usuallywider than the radials themselves; concentric growth lines poorly developed ;auricles with radial riblets and concentric lines, anterior auricle slightly larger
than the posterior. Internal surface ofboth valves smooth.

Description
Family Pectinidae
Subfamily Pectininae
Genus Placopecten Vmuu., 1897

Placopecten akihoensis (MATSU:'>IoTo), 1930
Pl. 24, Figs. 1 a-b, 2, 3.

MATSUMOTO (1930): Pecten (Pscudamusium)
akilzoensis Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Ut;iv ..
Ser. 2, Vol. 13. No. 3, p. 106, pl. 40,

Type locality and horizon (of Neotype
atzd topotype specimens! :-Hill side
about 500 meters west of the Kumano
Shrine,Kumanodo,
Takadate-mura,
Natori-gun, Miyagi Prefecture. (\at. 38"
11 1511 N., long. 140°5014011 E.). Moniwa
formation.
Depository :-Department of Geology,
Junior College of Education, Tohoku
University.
Geological horizon :-Lower Miocene.
Remarks :-Since the holotype of thisfigs. 7, 8.

NO:\IURA and HATAI. (1936):

Saito Ho-on
J(ai Mus., Res. Bull., No. 10, p. 121. pl.
16, fig. 12.

NoMURA, (1940):

Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp.
llniv., Scr. 2, Vol. 21, No. I, p. 20, pl.
l. figs. 2. 3, pl. 2, fig. 4.

Shell of moderate size, thin, suborbi·
cular, subequivalve, equilateral, muchrompresscd ; right valve with numerous
faint, very fine, close-set radial threads,

Dimemions (in mm.) :Right"'

Right*_ _ _ --\---"alve_! _va~e_

I

Right*

I

valve

1

1

1

I_~()(}__ (mm.) 1_100 __ 1_ __9~'1--1--1~-

Height_L__t!_ngth_ _
Hinge

1
Left
Left
1
_ _v_a_l_v_e__ _ _v_ai__v__e___ _Ij!~ ___ l_!!_ __ llengt~i _4_6 ---~-~--

Depth

I 11

Apical anglelros

I ca. 11
I . 11090i-- _3~--

1

1

68

I

75

_!1~- __ 68 __ i-=?~- -=-;
50

' ca. 1010

1- 100110................................. * Neotype specimen.

Leftvalve__ 25 __
7

I__31_ --:I8---;-0;-- -r -105 -I

On Some Miocene Pectinidae from the Environs of Sendai

species cannot be found, the description
given above was based upon a neotype
specimen. Besides the neotype there areseveral topotype specimens which enabled the writer to study the variation in
rib formation and also the relation between this species to related forms bydirect comparison with the respective
type materials.
In the left valve the primary riblets
show no bi- or trifurcation, but remainroundly elevated and about equal to orslightly narrower than the broadly
round-bottom interspaces. The primaries
vary in number from 35 to 40 and may
or may not have intercalary threads,
but when present between the primaries,
they may become nearly as strong at
the margin, but are usually much weaker and occur only ocassionally. Slight
imbrication of the primaries is seen onlyin specimens which have their surface
well preserved. The other features suchas convexity of the valves, presence offine concentric growth lines, shallow
byssal notch and subequal am·ides
remain invariable.
Although H. l'viATSUMoTo (1930, p. 106)
described the right valve to possess fineconcentric striae, the specimens of theright valve at hand are usually sculp·
tured with numerous, very fine, faintradial threads which are additional to
the fine concentric growth lines. The
radial threads on the. right valve are
generally much weaker than those of
the left. The radial threads seem to be
totally lacking in several young specimens.
The left valve of this species resembles
Pecten protomollitus and P. arakawai,
both described by S. Nol\WP.A (1935, p. 40,
pl. 4, figs.1,:.:; p. 41, pl. 6, fig. 3) from the
Miocene Tanosawa formation of the
Nishi-Tsugaru District in Aomori Prefecture. In the former species there are251

generally three smaller threads in theinterspaces between the larger ones andin the latter the primary riblets are
squarish in profile and bifurcated,thus in the type of radial sculpture,
those two species can be distinguishedfrom the present one.
Placopecten akihoemis resembles Pla·
copecten setanaensis KunoTA (1950, pp.
183-184, pl. 7, figs. 1-4) from his Upper
Miocene Setana formation in southwestern Hokkaiclo in having suborbicular,
compressed, thin shell provided withnumerous fine radial threads, but isdistinguished therefrom by the larger
auricles compared with the height of theshell, lack of internal sculpture, smaller
apical angle (110") and slightly imbricated radials, broader interspaces between the radials in the left valve, andby the left valve h<wing much stronger
sculpture than the right valve.

Placopectelt clintonia rappanlzamzo·ckensis MA:-~sFIELD (1936, p. 186, pl. 23,
figs. 1, 2, 3) can be distinguished fromthe present species by the surface of thevalves being similarly >culptured withmany nearly fiat radials, dichotomous
striation, much closer arranged radials
and the right anterior with a very shallow byssal notch.
Genus JI.Hyagipecten MAsuDA, n. gen.
Genotype :-J1.1iyagipectm matszemorieis MAsuoA, n. sp.
Type locality :-Foot of the dam at
Dogasawa, about 700 meters north of
Matsumori, Nanakita-mura, l\'liyagi-gun,
Miyagi Prefecture.

Geological range :-Middle l\fiocene.
Diagnosis :-Shell of moderate size andthickness,
subequivalve,equilateral,much compressed, suborbicular, exteriorof right valve with only fine concentric

252

Koichiro MASUDA

growth lines, left with numerous weak,flatly raised, radial threads and fineconcentric growth lines; radials becoming
obsolete on lower half of disc, rarely
associated with intercalary striae; interior surface smooth ; hinge with strong
cardinal crura and with small boss ateach extremity : auricles of right valve
subequal in size, anterior auricle withwide and shallow byssal notch.
Remarks.-Miyagipecten resembles thegenus Plawpecten VERILL, but the lattercan be distinguished from the former
by possessing similar sculpture on thesurface of both right and left valves,
though the right is smoother than theleft, and by having a ctenolium in theyoung stage.
Pseudamusium H. and A. ADAMs( 1858, p. 553) also resembles the present
genus, but can be distinguished therefrom by its smaller size, thinner test
and weaker cardinal crura, possessionof a ctenolium, well developed byssal
notch and by exhibiting Comptonectes
striation.

Mus., Res. Bull., No. 13. p. 131. pl. 20,
figs. 2, 3.
1930).

Shell moderate in size, thin, subequivalve, equilateral, much compressed.
orbicular. Right valve smooth, provided
with only fine concentric growth lines;
auricles subequal in size, the anterior
with concentric lines and wide and shal·
low byssal notch ; internal surface smooth. Left valve with anterior auricle
slightly larger than the posterior, marked with radial threads and fine concentric growth lines ; surface with 38-42
weak, flatly raised, closely arranged
radial threads, which are much broader
than their interspaces ; radials tend to
become obsolete on lower half of disc,and rarely associated with an intercalarly between them ; radial threads on
younger part of shell usually narrower
than their interspaces, but rapidly broaden and flatten towards middle and tend
to become obsolete thereon marginally.
Internal surface smooth.
1ype locality atzd horizon (of syntype
specimens) :-The foot of the dam of
the water reservoir at Dogasawa, about
700 meters north of Matsumori, Nanakita-mura, Miyagi-gun, Miyagi Prefecture. (lat. 38°19'8'' N., long. 140?55'44''E.). Nanakita formation.
Depository :-Department of Geology,

Miyagipectett matsumoriemis
MAstJDA, n. sp.
Pl. 24, Figs. -~a. b, 5, 6, 7a, b.

NoMURA and HATAI. (1937): Pecten (Pseudamusium)(not of H. MATSUMOTO,

akihoznsis Saito Ho-on Kai

Dimensiotts (in mm.) of sytztype :I_____ IHe~g~
I Length; 76 (rum.)_II 75___Hing~gth _!OJ

i Depth
I

I

Right
valve

Right
valve

87

90

i--

__

-

1

Left
valve

i

I

Left
valve

_

83

I

35
9
110

Left
valve _

1

1__ 88_____

1---·7____

Apical angle I 110°

Right
valve

69

62+

--00-- ~- 67- 1~:-so - -~--67 --__:; _I __ ~6 _! ~-35--= I
24- ~
r'

1085___•_ _ _ _ _ _i __ _ _ _~------~------

)1

1106_

-~~--1_0!5---1~1075~ .

On Some Miocene Pectinidae from the Environs of Sendai

Junior College of Education, Tohoku
University.
Geological horizott :-Middle Miocene.
Remm·ks :-The radial threads of theleft valve usually occupy the upper halfof the shell, but in some specimens only
one third to one-fourth of the disc is
sculptured; rarely they extend to themargin of the shell and in such cases
they are very faint and only recognizableby reflected light. In general, small
specimens have the radials extending
throughout their length. but with continued growth they tend to become
obsolete.
Placopecten akihoensis (MATSUMoTo)resembles the present species and has
been confounded with it, but MA TSU·
MoTo's species can be distinguished from
Miyagipecten by the faint radial threads
on the surface of the right valve and bythem being slightly imbricated. unequaland extending to the shell margin.
Further, the interspaces between theradial threads in Miyagipecten are narrower than in Placopeclen akihoettst's.
Placopecten akihoettsis, at least in theenvirons of Sendai, is limited to theLower Miocene Moniwa formation ingeological range, while Miyagipecten matszmzoriensis is found only in the Middle
Miocene Tsunaki formation (a correlative of the Nanakita formation of
the Tomiya District). Thus from theirrespective geological ranges, it appears
that these two species are good guidefossils for the Miocene stratigraphy, atleast in the environs of Sendai.
References
ADAMS, H. and A. (1858): Genera of Recent
Mollusca, Vol. 2. p. 553.

253

DALL, W. H. (lh98): Tertiary Fauna of Flo·rida: Trans. TVag11er Free Jnst. Sci.,
Vol. 3, Pt. 4, pp. 695, 751-752.
HABE, T. (1951): Genera of Japanese Shells.
Pclecypoda. No. 1, p. 82.
1\UBOTA. K. (1950): A New Species of Pecten(Placopecten) from the Neogene ofSouthwestern Hokkaido, Japan : Mi11eral
a11d Geol., Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 183-185.
pl. 7, figs. 1-4.
MATSUMOTO, H. (1930): On the l\Iarine
Faunae of Three Fossil Zones of theUpper Miocene of Natori District, Prov·
ince of Rikm;en: Sri. Rep. Tohoku Imp.
Ur~iv., Scr. 2, Vol. 13, No. 3, p. 106,
pl. 40, figs. 7, 8.
MANSFlF:LD, W. C. (1936):
Stratigraphic
Significance of Miocene, Pliocene andPleistocene Pectinidae in the Southeastern United States: fourn. Paleont.,
Vol. 10. pp. 186-187. pl. 22. figs. 1-3.
NoMURA. S. (1935): Miocene Mollusca fromthe Nisi-Tugaru District, Aomori-ken,
Northeast Honsyfi. Japan: Saito Ho-011
Kai Mus., Res. Bull., No. 6, pp. 4D-41,
pl. 4. figs. 1. 2; pl. 6. fig. 3.
NoMURA, S. (1940): Molluscan Fauna of the
Moniwa Shell Beds Exposed Along theNatorigawa in the Vicinity of Sendai,
Miyagi Prefecture, Japan: Sci. Rep.
Tohoku Imp. U11iv .. Ser. 2, Vol. 21,
No. 1, p. 20, p. 1. figs. 2, 3: pl. 2 fig. 4.
NoMURA, s· and HAT AI. K. (1936): Fossils
from the Tanagura Beds in the Vicityof the Town Tanagura, Hukusima-ken.
Northeast HonsyO, Japan: Saito Ho-on
Kai Mus., Res. Bull., No. 10, p. 121,
p. 16, fig. 12.
- - and - - . (1937): A List of the 1\Iiocene
Mollusca and Brachiopoda Collectedfrom the Region Lying North of the
Nanakita River in the Vicinity of Sendai,
Rikuzen Province, Japan: Saito Ho.Oit
Kai Mus .. Res. Bull., No. 13, p. 131. pl.
20. figs. 2, 3.

254

Koichiro MASUDA

Explanation of Plate 24
Figs. la-b.

Placopecten akihocnsis (MATSUMOTO).
Neotype, a. right valve, x 1/2
b. hinge area of 1a. x 1
Fig: 2.
PlacoPecten akilzoensis (MATSUMOTO).
Topotype, right valve, x 1/2
Fig. 3.
PlacoPectels akihoensis (MATSUMOTO).
Topotype, left valve, x 1
Figs. 4a-b. Miyagipectetl matsmnoriensis 'tvL\SUDA. n. sp.
Syntype, a, right valve, x 1
b, hinge area of 4a, x 1
Fig. 5.
J'.fiyagipecten matsumoriensis MASUDA, n. sp.
Syntype, right valve. x 112
Fig. 6.
Miyogipecfen matsumoriemis MASUDA. n. sp.
Syntype, left valve, x 1
Figs. la-b. Miyogipectetl mafsumoriensis MASUDA, n. sp.
Syntype, a, left valve, x 1
b, hinge area of 7a, x 1.

K. MASurM, Afioccno P rclinidoc

K. K UMAGAI, l'hoto.

PI.ATE 24

SYSTEMATIC INDEX(Note:

Every reference is to the number of article)

PALAEOZOOLOGY
Protozoa
KoNJSIII, K.: Permian Microfossils in the Dodo Conglomerate of the Yasuba-Type ............... 212
MoRIKAWA. R.: Nagaloe/la fujimo!oi n. sp., and a New Studying Method for Fusulinids ...... 204
MURATA, S.: The Occurrence of the Genus Cyclammitlll in the Tertiary of Kyushu ............ 201
TAKAYANAGI. Y.: On Some Ehrenbergina from Japan ........................................................ 205
UCHIO, T. : New S;Jecies and Genus of the CenozJic Formations in the Middle Part of the
Boso Peninsula, Chiba-ken .......................................................................................... 197- - - : An Interesting Relation between Stomatorbi11a DoRREEN. 1948 and MississiPPilla
HoWE, 1930 of Foraminifera ....................................................................................... 217

Coelenterata
MINATO, M.: Some Carboniferous Corals from Southwest Japan .......................................... 192

Molluscoidea
HAYASAKA, I.:

Terabrata!ia (?) innaie11sis (HAYASAKA) from Iwate Prefecture, Japan ............ 220

Mollusca
ICHIKAWA, K.: Notes on the E11tomonotis-b~aring Triassic Formation at lwai near Itsukaichi,
Tokyo Prefecture, with a Description of a new Etztomo11otis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 198
KAMADA, Y.: On Some Species of Cyclin~ from Japan and Korea ....................................... 213
KAMBR, N.: On the Myophorians from Kyoto Prefecture (Prov. Tango) .............................. 199
KoBAYASHI, T. and ICHIKAwA. K.: On Palaeopfzarus, a late Triassic Pelecypod Genus ......... 193
MAKIYAMA, ]. : On the Mutation of Fos>il Glyc)meris rotunda ............................................ 209
MASUDA, K.: On Some Miocene Pectinid:1e from the Environs of Sendai.. ............................ 226
MATSU!I.IOTO, T.: A Note on the Pachydiscinae, a Cretaceous Ammonite-group .................... 196
MIZUNO, A.: Description of the Paleogene Molluscs from Sakito, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan .......................................................................................................................... 216
OGASAWARA, K. and TANAI, T.: The Discovery of New 1\fiocene Fauna in the Northern Partof Nishitagawa Coal-field, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan .............................................. 219
SHIKAMA, T.: Paleogene Mollusca from South Nagana-ken .............................................. 194
Arthropoda
IMAIZUMI, R.: A Miocene Crab, Hiyas tsuclzidai n. sp. from the Wakkanai Formation ofTeshio Province, Hokkaido .......................................................................................... 215- - : A l'vliocene Crab, TjmolllS kamadai n. sp. from the Numanouchi Formation of the
Joban Coal-field ......................................................................................................... 218
KoBAYASHI, T.: On the late Upper Cambrian (Fengshanian) Fauna in Eastern Johol. ........... 203
255

258

Index of Fossils

Entoso!e,:ia margi11ata cushman/ ............... 197- - - - semistriata ................................. 197- - ozawai ............................................ 197
EPimastoPora japorJica ........................... 208
EPithemia argus ....................................... 206· - H)ndma11ii ....................................... 206- - longicomis... .. .................................. 206- - ~fuscu/us .......................................... 206- - .~orex ................................................ 205- - lurgida ............................................ 206- - zebra var. parcel/us ........................... 206
Estheriellidae ....................................... 224
E.<therites atsuen.fis ................................ 214- - rwkazclwai .................................... 214
Ermotia Pracrupta .................................... 206- - zebri1JU ........................................ 206
EuPachydiscus ......................................... 196

F
Fagus kor:Jica ......................................... 202- - proto/ongipetio/ota ........................ 202- - lfotanii .......................................... 202
Fragilaria dioPhtha/ma .............................. 206- - i1•jlata ............................................ 206

L
Lepitiittitlae ......................................... 224
Lewesiceras ............................................. 196
Lo:-.oslomum koikei...................... 197

M
MacroPorella sp. .....
.. .................. 212- ? sp ............................................... 210
k/ansuyia ................................................ 211- - mcmclmrica .................................... 211
Melosira grmmlata ................................... 206
llfenuiles .................................................. 196
Aletoleaitl ............................................ 224
MississiPPina concentrica .......................... 217
1\Iiyagipecten matsmJwriensis ........... 226
Mizzia velcbitana ................................ 210, 212
l11i::zia yab;i ......................................... 225
MJ'oPitoria ............................................... 199- - goldfussi kobayashii ........................ l 99
- - laevigata el011gala .............................. 199- - - - rotunda .................................... 199- - slzicJakeruis ................................... 199- - tany;:Jensis .................................... 199- - .x sp................................................ 199
f1 sp ................................................. 199

G

N

Gl,vcymeris rotunda ................................. ... 209
Gomphm:ema ncmninatum ... ........................ 206--augur ............................................. 206- - caPitatrmt ... ....................................... 206- - gracile ............................................ 206- - lmrceolalum var. insignis ...... ............... 206
Gymnocodirml japonicum .......................... 221
Gyroporella (?) Longipora ..................... 208
sp .................................................... 212

Nagaloe/la fujimotoi ............................. 2<H
NagafoPhyllum satoi ............................... 192
Nanki11ellcz sp ........................................... 212
Navicula corfnlll!llsis ................................. 206- - didyma ... ...
. ....................... 206- - ova/is ............................................... 206- - place11tula ......................................... 206- - subrotrmdala ................................... 206.llt'Eidium bisulcalum var. niPPonica ............... 206
Neoschwagerina craticulifera ..................... 212- - minoensis .... .................................... 212
Neptunea (s. str.) chikuzenensis .................. 216
Nitzschia bilobata ...... ................................. 206- - Plo11a ................................................ 206- - sigmoide1 ......................................... Z06

H
Haniwa quadrat a...........
.. .............. 203
Hmztzsclzia amPiziaxys var. xeroPhila ......... .. 206
Herona/lcnia otulwi ................................. 197_Hikorocotlium Flegantae ..................... 208
Hyas tsucllidai ... ....................................... 215

J] oamzisiella ~1ff. takeyamai ........ ................... 219

0
Odmtidium mutabile....................... 206
Oligoporel/a omiensis .............................. 225- - s-kmt~atlai ....................................... 225
Orthosira oticlzalcea ............................... 206

259

Index of FossilspPachydiscus ............................................. 196(Neodesmoceras) .............................. 196
PalaeoPharus 11Wizurensi.<>· ... ..................... 193
Palmoxylon ,\faec/ae ...... ........................... 222
PaPhia sp ................................................. 219
Phoebe miofnnnosona ........................... 223
Phopalodia gibba ....................................... 206
Pimzularia cardinal is .............................. ... 206
Gas/rum .......................................... 206
gentilis ............................................ 206
interrupta ....................................... 206
111icrostauron .................................... 206- - nobilis ............................................ 206- - radiosa ............................................. 206- - t'irdis .......................... .................... 206
Pilar (s. str.) matsumotoi ...... ..................... 216
P!acoPecten akihoensis ..................... ............ 226
Plcurosigma rigidum ................................. 206
Pseudagnosfus jelwlensis ........................ 203
Pscudocponidcs japonicus ........................... 197
Ps,•utloleoia .......................................... 224
Pseudosaukia suni ..... ........................... 20~
Pyrgo dcPressa tomiyensis ..................... 197

Stephm:odi!C!IS Bramaputrae ..................... 206
Striarca (Estell area) uetsukiensis ............... 219
Srcakid-pygidium, gen. and sp. undet.......... 203
Sumafritw amzae ....................................... 212- - longissima ....................................... 212
Surirella Librile ...................................... 206
Sy11eclra mmPens fragilarioides .................. 206- - ulna ................................................ 206

T
Tell ina (Scissulina) cfr. elisPar ................. 219
Te/lina umeclairensi.\'.... . ....................... 194
Terebratalia (?) imwiensis................ 220
Teutloporclla cfr. Triasi11a ........................ 210
Tsi11onia cane11s ....................................... 211- - hmr.ilis ............................................. 211
Tsitumidae ...... ......................................... 211
Tymolus kamadai ... ................................. 218
Turritella (Haustalor) lwrafsuensis ........... 216- - (s. str.) sakitocnsis ........................... 216u
Ulmus carpinoides............................... 202- - sllirogica ..................................... 202

Q
QuadraticePha!us P.vrus ............................. 203

v

Rhopalodia gibba ... ....................
. .. 206
Rhoicosphenia curvala ............................. ... 206

Vagocibicides niPPonicu.~ ........................... 197
Venericardia (C>rlocardia) inflata ............ 216- - ( - - ) siogmnensis ........................... 216- - ( - - ) vestitnitles ........................... 2l6- - (Megacardita) japonica ..................... 216

sX

Sanguinolaria (Soletellina) sp. .. ................ 219
Sapindus Koneharoi .............................. 223- - linearifolius ....................................... 223
Schwagerina pseudochihsiamsis .................. 212
SePfifcr (s. str.) twgaoi ........................... 216
Sequoia jelzolensis ................................. 195
Sto!fella ................................................... 212
Stauroneis constme11S ................................. 206- - clilatata ............................................. 206- - Phomicenleron ...... .............................. 206
Stephatzodiscus aegyptiacus ........................ 206

Xenoxylon Latiporosum ............................. 207

RyYabcina sp ............ .

............................ 212z
Zelkowa Tibac .................. ...... ... ............ 202- - Ungeri ........................................... 202

a .ft"~.i.~~~~~- !2.:fTransactions and Proceedin~sof thePalaeotitological Society of Japan
New Series
No.1-No.8

1950-1952

Palaeontological Society of Japan

(The heading in Japanese commemorates the handwriting of Prof.
M. YoKoYAMA, father of Japanese Palaeontology, who was Professor ofStratigraphy and Palaeontology at the Geological Institute, Imperial
University of Tokyo.)

CONTENTS
Number 1 (Published January 31, 1951)
Transactions
ArticlePage
192. Masao MIN ATo: Some Carboniferous Corals from Southwest
Japan...............
. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1- 5
193. Teiichi KoBAYASHI and Koichiro IcHIKAWA: On PalaeoPharus, aLate Triassic Pelecypod Genus ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 7- 12
194. Tokio SHJKAMA: Paleogene Mollusca from South Nagano-ken ... 13- 16
195. Seido Er-mo: Sequoia from South Manchuria, Oldest in theWorld ....................................................................................... 17- 18
196. Tatsuro MATSUMoTo: A Note on the Pachydiscinae, a Cretaceous
Ammonite-group . .. .. . . . . .. . . .. . .. . . . .. . . .. ... .. . . .. . .. ... . . . . . . . . . ... . .. .. . .. . . .. .. . ... 19- 26
Proceedings .................................... 27- 31

Plate

1

2

Number 2 (Pu~lished June 30, 1951)
Transactions
197. Takayasu Ucmo: New Species and Gi!nus of the Cenozoic For·mations in the Middle Part of the Boso Peninsula, Chiba-ken ...... 33- 42
198. K6ichiro IcHIKAWA: Notes on the Et~tomonotis-bearing Triassic
Formation at Iwai near Itsukaichi, Tokyo Prefecture, with a
Description of a new Et~tommtotis... .. ... . .. ... ... ... ... . .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 43- 48
199. Nobukazu KAMBE: On the Myophorians from Kyoto Prefecture(Prov. Tango) ........................................................................... 49- 56
200. Y oshio KAsENO: Pliocene Pinniped Remains from Kanazawa,
Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan ....................................................... 57- 64

3

4

Number 3 (Published September 30, 1951)
Transactions
201. Sigeo MUI<ATA: The Occurrence of the Genus Cyclammina in
the Tertiary of Kyushu ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . 65- 66
202. Kazuo HuzloKA: Notes on Some Tertiary Plants from Tyosen(Korea) II ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... .
............... 67- 74
203. Teiichi KoBAYASHI: On the late Upper Cambrian (Fengshanian)Fauna in Eastern Jehol... ... ... . . ... .. . .. ... ... ... ...
. .................. 75- 80
204. Rokuro MoRIKAWA: Nagatoelta jujt"motoi n. sp., and u New
Studying Method for Fusulinids ................................................ 81- 84
205. Yokichi TAKAYASAGI: On Some Elzrenbergina from Japan ......... 85- 93
Publications received . . . .. . .. . . .. .. . .. . ... 93
Proceedings .................................... 95- 96

5- 6
7
8

ii

Number 4 (Published November 30, 1951)
Transactions
206.

Wataru IcHIKAWA: Fossil Diatoms found ill the Kayama Clayshale on the Outskirts of Kanazawa City .................................... 97-111
207. Yudzuru OGURA, Teiichi KoBAYASHI and Shirf> MAEDA: Discoveryof Erect Stumps of Xenoxylon latijJorosum in the Jurassic Tetori
Series in Japan .......................................................................... 113-1199208. Riuji ENoo: Stratigraphical and Paleontological Studies of theLater Paleozoic Calcareous Algae in Japan I. Several New Species from the Sakamotozawa Section, Hikoroichi-mura, Kesen-gun,in the Kitakami Mountaineous Land .......................................... 121-12~ 10-11
Number 5 (Published February 15, 1952)
Transactions
209. )in) MAKIYAMA: On the Mutation of Fossil Glyrymeria rottmda ... 131-138
210. Riuji Esoo: Stratigraphical and Paleontological Studies of theLater Paleozoic Calcareous Algae in Japan II. Several previously
described Species from the Sakamotozawa Section, Hikaroichimura, I<esen-gun, in the Kitakami Mountaineous Land ............... 139-14!
211. Teiichi KonA YASH! : On Mansuyia and the Tsinanidae ............... 145-154
212. Kenji KoNISHI: Permian Microfossils in the Dodo Conglomerateof the Yasuba-Type .................................................................. 155-16)
Proceedings .................................... 166

12
13
14

Number 6 (Published May 31, 1952)
Transactions

213. Yasuhiko KAMADA: On Some Species of Cyclitta from Japan and
Korea ..................................................................................... .167-173
214. Teiichi KoBAYASHI: Two New Triassic Estherians from Provinceof Nagata in West Japan ........................................................... 175-178
215. Rikizo hlAIZUMI: A Miocene Crab, Hyas tsuchidai n. sp. fromthe Wakkanai Formation of Teshio Province, Hok)<aido ............... 179-183
216. Atsuyuki M1zu:-;o: Description of the Paleogene Molluscs from
Saki to, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan ............................................. 185-193
Publications received ................................ 174
Memorial to Thomas Wayland VAUGHAN ... l84
Proceedings ............................................ 194

15
16

17

Number 7 (Published August 31, 1952)
Transactions

217. Takayasu Ucwo: An Interesting Relation between Stomatorbina
DoRREEN, 1948 and Mississippina HowE, 1930 of Foraminifera ...... 195-200

18

iii

Rikizo lMAIZUMI: A Miocene Crab, Tymolus kamadai n. sp. fromthe Numanouchi Formation of the Joban Coal-field ..................... 201-204
219. Kenro 0GASAWARA and Toshimasa TANAI: The Discovery of New
Miocene Fauna in the Northern Part of Nishitagawa Coal-field,
Yamagata Prefecture, Japan ..................................................... 205-212
220. lchiro HAYASAKA: Terebratalia (?) imtaiensis (HAYASAKA) fromlwate Prefecture, Japan ............................................................... 213-214
221. Kenji KoNISI!l: Occurrence of Gynmocodium, a Permian Alga, inJapan .......................................................................................... 215-221
Proceedini,'S... . .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . ... 222

'218.

19

20

Number 8 (Published October 31, 1952)
Transactions
222. Yudzuru 0GURA: A Fossil Palm in Kenroku Park at Kanazawa ... 223-230
223. Toshimasa T ANAl : Notes
propos de quelques plantes fossiles
dans la Groupe d'Ennichi (Yongil), du Coree meridionale 1 ......... 231-236
224. Teiichi KonAYAsiii: Sundry Notes on Fossil Estherians ............... 237-240
225. Riuji E:-;m) : Stratigraphical and Paleontological Studies of theLater l'aleor.oic Calcareous Algae in Japan IV. Notes on the
Calcareous Algae of the Omi Limestone .................................... 241-248
226. Koichiro 1\lASUDA: On Somo Miocene Pectinidae from the Environs of Sendai ........................................................................... 249-254
Systematic Index ................................. 255-256
Index of Fossils ................................. 257-259

a

21
22

23
24

Announcement
Bibliography of Japanese Palaeontology and Related Sciences

1941-1950
including papers published by Japanese authors as well as thoseby others which concern Japan and its surroundingsCompiled by

Riuji Endo, D. Sc.
Professor of Geology and Palaeontology
Saitama University, Urawa, Japanjust published as a non·periodical publication of the Society.
Foreign subscribers free; foreign non-subscribers US $1.50
Domestic subscribers Yen 300; domestic non-subscribers Yen 400(Mailing charges inclusive in all cases)
Orders to be addressed to

the Palaeontological Society of Japan
Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan.

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CONSTITUTION
of the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPANARTICLE 1. Name
The Society shall be known as the Palaeontological Society of Japan. The Society is a sectionof the Geological Society of Japan.
ARTICLE 2. Object
The object of the Society shall be to promote the study of palaeontology and related sciences.
ARTICLE 3. Achievement
The Society in order to execute Article 2 shall (a) issue the Society journal and other publications, ( b ) hold or sponsor scientific lectures and meetings, and ( c ) sponsor collecting or
field trips, and teet m es.
ARTICLE 4. Membership
The Society shall be composed of persons who are active of interested in palaeontology or
related sciences, and shall he known as regular members, honorary members, and patrons.
ARTICLE 5. The members of the Society shall be obliged to pay annual dues to the Society, forwhich thpy shall enjoy the privilege of receiving the Society's journal and of submitting
papers which have been read and discussed at the meetings for publication in the Society's
journal.
ARTICLE 6. Administration
The Society shall have the following organizations for its administration.
(a) General meeting. The general meeting shall be composed of the Society members. Morethan one tenth of regular members shall be present to hold general meetings. Administrative affairs shall be decided during the general meeting.
(h) President. The president shall he elected from among the regular members. The president
shall represent the Society and supervise its business matters.
(c) Council. The council shall be composed of councillors who are elected from among theregular members. The council shall discuss administrative affairs.
(d) Business council. The business councillors shall be elected from among the council members, and shall administer business affairs.
(c) Officers shall be elected by vote of returnecl mail ballots, as a general rule.
ARTICLE 7. Amendments to the constitution shall be hy decision of the general meeting.

By-Laws and Administration
ARTICLE 8. The Society's journal shall be issued three times a •year.
ARTICLE 9. Regular members shall' be persons who have knowledge, experience, or interest inpalaeontology or related sciences.
ARTICLE 10. Patrons shall be selected individuals or organizations who give special support to theobjectives of the Society.
ARTICLE 11. Honorary members shall be persons of distinguished achievement in palaeontology.
The council shall nominate honorary members for decision by the general meeting.
ARTICLE 12. Applicants for' membership to the' Society shall submit their full name, mailing addr~;ss, date of birth, occupation, and name of school from which they graduated.

Dues
ARTICLE 13. Rates for annual dues of the Society shall be decided during the general meeting.
Annual dues for regular members is Yen 400.00 (domestic members) and U.S. $2.00 (fo~eignmembers). Patrons are individuals or organizations donating more than Yen 10,000.00 annually. I lonorary members arc free from obligations.
ARTICLE 14. The Society income shall be from membership dues and bestowals.
ARTICLE 15. The Society shall have one chairman, fifteen councillors, and several business councillors, whose term of office shall be two years. They may be re-elected.

Addendum
ARTICLE 1. There shall be four business councillors for the present.
ARTICLE 2. The Society journal shall be issued three times a year for the present.