The Sanskrit Manuscript of the Vinayasπtravr.tti in dBu med Script

65

The Sanskrit Manuscript of the Vinayasūtrav tti
in dBu med Script

YONEZAWA Yoshiyasu

The Vinayasūtra (VS) attributed to Gu aprabha (550–630 CE) is a compendium ofmonastic rules based upon the Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya (MSV). This text is a wellknown textbook in the Tibetan monastic curriculum and was translated into Tibetan
in the sNga dar period1. Among its commentaries, the Vinayasūtrav tty-abhidhānasvavyākhyāna (VSS), also called Māthurī Vinayav tti2, is an auto-commentary and ispartially extant in Sanskrit3. The present paper is intended to introduce the contentsof the incomplete Sanskrit VSS manuscript reproduced in the Facsimile Edition of a*

I wish to thank Prof. Shayne Clarke not only for many corrections and suggestions but also
his careful check of the English. Special thanks are due to Dr. NIU Li Tao who contributed
a lot to realize not only the research at the Potala Palace and the Tibet Museum in Lhasa
for Taisho University but also the publications of the facsimile editions of Sanskrit
manuscripts. Needless to say, I alone remain responsible for any and all errors, inaccuracies,
and inconsistencies.

1'Dul ba'i mdo (VS) of Gu aprabha, translated by Jinamitra and Klu’i rgyal mtshan. D
no.4117 wu 1b1–100a7; P no.5619 zu 1–109b8. No. 491 in the lHan kar ma catalogue(Hermann-Pfandt 2008: 281–82).

2
3This title suggests that the VSS was composed in Mathurā.
The VSS was translated into Tibetan in the Phyi dar period. 'Dul ba'i mdo'i 'grel pa mngon
par brjod pa rang gi rnam par bshad pa of Gu aprabha, translated by Ala kāradeva andsTeng lo tsā ba Tshul khrims ’byung gnas. D no.4119 zhu 1b1–zu 274a7; P no.5621 'u 1–
yu 342a8.

66

Collection of Sanskrit Palm-leaf Manuscripts in Tibetan dBu med Script (dBu med
MSS)1.
After a brief survey of Sanskrit manuscripts of the VSS, the present paper
provides an overview of contents in the manuscript in question and points out its
textual significance. Furthermore, a textual problem of the VS will be revealed in thecourse of the presentation.
I. Sanskrit Manuscripts of the VSS
This section briefly surveys three types of Sanskrit source materials for the VSS andsummarizes information on a copyist of dBu med MSS.
As far as the VSS is concerned 2 , to the best of my knowledge 3 , only two
Sanskrit MSS are extant: VSSMSA and VSSMSB, as classified in Luo 2011a. They arebriefly described as follows4:
VSSMSAAn incomplete 72-folio palm-leaf manuscript of the Vinayasūtrav ttyabhidhānasvavyākhyāna from Sa skya Monastery (Tibet). Written in
Proto-Bengali script and undated.
VSSMSB An incomplete 36-folio palm-leaf manuscript of the Vinayasūtrav ttyabhidhānasvavyākhyāna from Źa lu Monastery. Written in Tibetan dBu
med script by the same scribe as VSMSB.
1) VSSMSASā k tyāyana 1937 provides the following note in his Catalogue5:
From its letters, there seem to be two separate MSS., one up to 38 leaves
dealing with four Pārājikas, and the other 34 leaves deal with Prāyaśchittika
and others.

1

In this bundle, VS consists of 66 leaves, VSS 36 leaves, the Vigrahavyāvartanī (VV) 7 leaves,and the *Lak a a īkā (*L ) 18 leaves. The VV is transliterated in Yonezawa 2008.
Concerning the *L , see Yonezawa 2019.

2

For bibliographical information on the Sanskrit manuscripts of the VS, see Luo 2009a,
2009b, 2011a, and 2011b.

3

See Yonezawa 2016: 1147–1148.

4

See Luo 2011a: 181. For details, see Luo 2011a: 171–173.

5

Sā k tyāyana 1937: 22, n. 3. See also Nakagawa 1999: 139–140.

The Sanskrit Manuscript of the Vinayasπtravr.tti in dBu med Script

67

The first half of this manuscript, consisting of 38 leaves, covers from thePravrajyāvastu to the initial part of the Vibha ga1. The former was edited in Bapat
and Gokhale 1982, while parts of the latter were included in a series of publications
by Nakagawa Masanori2. Notably, another title of the VSS—Māthurī Vinayav tti—
is found in the chapter colophon of the Pravrajyāvastu3.
On the latter half, consisting of 34 leaves, which seems to correspond to “S.
Prāti. sū. ī 1 [bis] 5” in Bandurski 19944, no definite data are available to the author.
2) VSSMSBThis VSSMSB, surveyed below, contains commentary on the VS from the beginning
up to part of the Po adhavastu. This manuscipt is named ‘an extract version’ in the
introductory booklet attached to dBu med MSS, since there are many lacunae oromissions 5 . Nonetheless, portions of text missing in the photos of VSSMSA are
sometimes recovered from this manuscript6. This manuscript is partially utilized by
Ritsukyō Shukkeji Kenkyūkai7.
3) Interlinear notes in VSMSB
Besides the two manuscripts mentioned above, another manuscript should be
included in the Sanskrit sources of the VSS: VSMSB. Luo 2011a describes thismanuscript briefly as follows8:

1

For a detailed survey of the contents of the first half, comprised of 38 leaves, see Ritsukyō

2

Nakagawa 1987, 1991, 2000a, and 2000b.

Shukkeji Kenkyūkai 2012.
3

See Yonezawa 2016: 1149.

4

Bandurski 1994: 98. See also Nakagawa 1999: 139–140.

5

On the missing parts in the Pravrajyāvastu, see Study Group of Sanskrit Manuscripts in
Tibetan dBu med Script 2001: 22 and Yonezawa forthcoming: 362–364.

6

For instance, see Ritsukyō Shukkeji Kenkyūkai 2007: (44)–(46); Yonezawa 2017: 1172–

7

1b1–2b5: Ritsukyō Shukkeji Kenkyūkai 2003; 2b5–3a6: id. 2004; 3a6–4a4: id. 2007; 4a4–

1174.
b3: id. 2009; 4b4–6: id. 2010; 4b6–7: id. 2011; 4b7–5a2: id. 2013; 5a2–4: id. 2014.
8

See Luo 2011a: 171–173. See also Study Group of Sanskrit Manuscripts in Tibetan dBu
med Script 2001: 9–10.

68

VSMSB A complete 66-folio palm-leaf manuscript of the Vinayasūtra from Źalu Monastery (Tibet). Written in Tibetan dBu med script and copied
perhaps around the beginning of the 12th century.
Notably, the Sanskrit text of the VSS is partially recovered from the interlinear
notes in this manuscript1, although they are sometimes illegible in dBu med MSS anddo not cover all sūtras of the VS. Further investigation of this source material isbeyond the scope of the present paper.
4) A Copyist of dBu med MSS
VSSMSB as well as VSMSB are included in dBu med MSS. Concerning the manuscripts
as a whole, it can be speculated as follows2: From the fact that most of the Sanskrit
manuscripts are written in Tibetan dbu med script, it is reasonable to conclude thatthey were written down by a Tibetan. The name of the original scribe is known as
Dharmakīrti or gnur chos kyis (sic.) grags/ gnur dharma ki rti from the colophons of
VSMSB and the VV. Taking the description ‘śī la a ga ras bris’ on the cover folio of
VSMSB into consideration, it is plausible that the extant manuscripts were copied by
sTeng lo tsā ba Tshul khrims ’byung gnas who brought them with him to Tibet andtranslated the VSS into Tibetan together with a Kashmiri called Ala kāradeva (orAla kakalaśa/ Ala kadeva).
Furthermore, if we consider that both VSSMSB and interlinear notes in VSMSB
were a student’s notes, like the *L in which Candrakīrti’s treatises are dealt with toa limited extent, it could be imagined that sTeng lo tsā ba Tshul khrims ’byung gnas
copied the necessary portion of the VSS for him. This might be the main reason why
many texts are missing in VSSMSB.
II. Contents of VSSMSB
Before turning to a close look at the contents of VSSMSB, a few remarks should bemade concerning the structure of the VS.
VSMSB is comprised of (1) Pravrajyāvastu, (2) Vibha ga, (3) Po adhavastu, (4)Var āvastu, (5) Pravāra āvastu, (6) Ka hinavastu, (7) Cīvaravastu, (8) Carmavastu,

1

See Nakagawa 2002: 481; id. 2010. See also Ritsukyō Shukkeji Kenkyūkai 2013 and 2014.

2

For details, see Yonezawa 2016: 1149–1150; Yonezawa 20019: 12–22, 38–39.

The Sanskrit Manuscript of the Vinayasπtravr.tti in dBu med Script

69(9) Bhai ajyavastu, (10) Karmavastu, (11) Pratikriyāvastu, (12) Kālākālasa padvastu, (13) Bhūmyantarasthacara avastu, (14) Parikarmavastu, (15) Karmabhedavastu, (16) Cakrabhedavastu, (17) Adhikara avastu, (18) Śayanāsanavastu, (19)
Bhik u īvibha goddhāna, and (20) Vinayakarmasa grahakārikā. Although theseseventeen vastu names1 do not always correspond to those in the MSV, the VSS
explains the structural relationship between the VS and the MSV2. It is to be notedthat the VSS not only refers to the K udraka and the titles of the Uttaragrantha3 in
the MSV but also often quotes the texts together with a formula atra grantha …
(On this point, the MSV runs …).
Tables of Contents
The Pravrajyāvastu, Vibha ga, and Po adhavastu are found in VSSMSB, even thoughmuch text is missing. The contents of each chapter are tabulated below. In the firstcolumn, the section titles of the VS found in VSMSB are indicated together with thesūtra numbers therein between parentheses (). They are not edited but transliterated
as they stand. The second and third columns show the location of VSSMSB and whichsūtras are commented on, respectively. The section titles found in VSSMSB are
indicated on separate lines.
1) Pravrajyāvastu
Sūtra numbers follow those in VSSBG, although problems remain4.

1

The seventeen vastu names (1, 3–18) correspond to nos. 9100–9116 in the Mvy. On therelationship between the VS and the Mvy, see Nakagawa 1993, Hu von Hinüber 1997a, andid. 1997b.

2

For instance, see Ritsukyō Shukkeji Kenkyūkai 2003: (61)–64), id. 2007: (44)–(46),3‘K udraka’ and ‘Uttaragrantha’ are listed in nos. 1427 and 1428 of the Mvy, respectively.

Yonezawa 2017: 1173–1174.
The VSS refers to the (Upālipari)p cchā, Māt kā, Nidāna, Muktaka, Vinītaka, Mā avika,
Kathāvastu, etc., of the Uttaragrantha of the MSV. Notably, the K udraka, P cchā, Vinītaka,and Nidāna are found in the section titles of the VS. See also Clarke 2015: 76ff.; id. 2016;
Kishino 2013.
4

For intance, see sūtras nos. *132 onwards in Ritsukyō Shukkeji Kenkyūkai 2009: (86), (99)–(106).

70

Section Titles of VS

MS Locationśrāma eratvopanayavidhi (1–36)

1b1–3a6
1b1–2b1ni śrayagata

4(70–102)VS
1–(3)1

2b1–5

6

2b5–3a1

20–21

3a1–2

26–(27) 2

3a2–6

29–(31)3

3a6–4a4
3a6–3b2

72

3b2–4

81

3b4–4a1

98

4a1–4

102

4a4–4b1

133*5

4b2–3

1446

4a4: niśrayagata
sa grāhyagata(103–146)

k udrakādipravrajavastugata

4a4–b3

7(147–614)

4b4–5b1
4b4–5

163

4b5–6

165

4b6–7

193

4b7–5a2

288–289

5a2–3

377


1

MS reads ni śritetyādi for niśritasya ka cid bhik utatropādhyāyatayā pravrajyopa-

sa padau. See Ritsukyō Shukkeji Kenkyūkai 2003: (67).
2

MS reads abhyupa ityādi for abhyupagatāv upādhyāyasya yācñāyā

tadudbhūti . See

Ritsukyō Shukkeji Kenkyūkai 2004: (62).
3

MS reads paryanto ityādi for paryanto niśrayadānasyaikarātraniśrayatvena pratyupa-sthānam. See Ritsukyō Shukkeji Kenkyūkai 2004: (64).
4In VSMSB and VSSMSB, ni śraya- often appears instead of niśraya-.

5

See Ritsukyō Shukkeji Kenkyūkai 2009: (99).

6This sūtra is numbered 147* and 148* in Ritsukyō Shukkeji Kenkyūkai 2009: (103).

7

Read ̊pravrajyā ̊.

The Sanskrit Manuscript of the Vinayasπtravr.tti in dBu med Script

Section Titles of VSp cchāprāya

pravrajavastugata

1(615–647)

MS Location

VS

5a3–4

399

5a4–5

422

5a5–7

582–585

5a7–8

595

5a8–5b1604

71

5b1–6a3
5b1–2

618

5b2–4

621

5b4–6

624

5b6–8

634

5b8–6a3

643–6442) Vibha ga
Sūtra numbers follow those in VSRS, although problems remain 2. For the sake of
convenience, the rule names such as Pārājayika, etc. are provided in the ‘Section
Titles of VS’ column.
Section Titles of VS

MS Location

pratyākhyānavidhi (1–8)

6a3–6b2
6a3–6b2VS
7–(8)3

4(Pārājayika )
12Read ̊pravrajyā ̊.
See Study Group of Sanskrit Manuscripts in Tibetan dBu med Script 2001: 17–18. In the
Bhik u īvibha ga, for instance, sūtras nos. 2194, 2246, 2307 and 2402 should be section
titles.

3

MS reads śik āśik āpratyācak e buddham ityādi pratyākhyānavacanāni iti paryanatasya forpratyācak e buddha

upādhyāyam. āgārika
steyasa vāsika
māt ghātaka

mādharmasa ghasūtra[ ] vinaya

dhāraya śrama ôddeśa

nānāsa vāsikam
pit ghātakam

du acittarudhirôtpādaka . alaaasa vāsika

arhadghātaka

apa

aka

tīrtikasa ghabhedaka

māt kā

ācāryambhik u īdū aka[ ]tīrtikâvakrāntaka
tathāgatasyântike

me yu madvidhai sabrahmacāribhi sārdha

sāvāsenavā sa bhogena vêti pratyākhyānavacanāni. See Nakagawa 1987: 56.
4

Besides, pārajika-, pārājika-, parājayika-, pārajayika-, etc. are found in VSMSB and VSSMSB.

72

Section Titles of VS

MS Location(1) abrahmacaryapārajike vibha ga (9–21)

6b2–4

prathame pārājike p cchāgata

(32–51)

VS

6b2–4

91

6b4

11–(12)2

6b4–7b2
6b4–8

33–37

7a

37–49

7b1–2

49–51

3

7b2: abrahmacaryapārājayika p cchā samāptā
vinītakāni (52–874)

7b2–8b2
7b2–8

52–61

8a
8b1–2

62–85
85–87*(88)8b2: prathame pārājayike vinītakāni, samāptaś ca prathama pārājayika(2) adattādānapārājayike vibha ga (885–177)

8b2–13b28b2–8

883–989a

98–1089b

108–11010a

110–118

10b

118–124

11a

124–128

11b

128–13412a

134–14512b

146–15613a

156–175
1

MS reads prasrāvetyādi for prasrāvakara asya of the latter part of sūtra no. 9.

2MS reads mukhetyādi for mukhe varcomārge vā. See Nakagawa 1991: 253.

3

Read ̊pārājayike.

4This sūtra should be numbered 88, since yo hayo in sūtra no. 45 should be taken as aseparate sūtra. See Nakagawa 1991: 263, n. 1 and Study Group of Sanskrit Manuscripts in
Tibetan dBu med Script 2001: 17.

5This sūtra should be numbered 89. See above and Nakagawa 1996: 19.

The Sanskrit Manuscript of the Vinayasπtravr.tti in dBu med Script

Section Titles of VS

MS Location
13b1–2VS
175–177

13b2: adattādānapārājayike vibha ga
adattādānapārājayike k udrakagata (178–189)

13b2–14a1
13b2–8

178–18914a1
14a1: k udrakagata
adattādānapārājike p cchāgata

(190–242)

14a1–17a4
14a

190–19614b

196–20615a

206–218

15b

218–22416a

224–23216b

232–240

17a1–4

240–242

17a4: parājāyikap cchāadattādānapārājayike vinītakāni (243–284)

17a4–19a2
17a4–8

243–24617b

246–256

18a

256–26618b

266–281

19a1–2

281–284

19a2: vinītakāni dvitīyapārajikā(3) vadhapārājayike vibha ga (284–329)

19a2–20b1
19a2–8284–29419b

294–30420a

304–329

20b1

329

20b1–5

330–333

20b1: t tīye pārajayike vibha ga
vadhapārājayike k udrakagata(330–333)

20b1–573

74

Section Titles of VS

MS Location

VS

20b5: k udrakagata
vadhapārājayike p cchāgata

(334–339)

20b5–820b5–8334–339

20b8: tritīyapārājayike p cchā1vadhapārājayike vinītani (340–353)

21a1–21a6
21a1–21a6

340–353

21a6: vinītakāni t tīyapārājika samāpta(4) pralāpe vibha ga (354–363)

21a6–b7
21a6–8354–355

21b1–7355–363

21b7: caturthe pārājike vibha ga
pralāpe p cchāgata

(364–367)

21b7–22a5
21b7–8364–365

22a1–5365–367

22a5: caturthe parājayike upāliparip cchā
pralāpe vinītakāni (368–369)

22a5–7
22a5–7368–369

22a7: caturtho parājayike vinītakāni uttarapralāpa(Sa ghāvaśe a)2(1) mocane vibha ga (370–397)

22a7–23b1(2) kāyasa sarge vibha ga (416–448)

23b1
23b1

kāyasa sarge p cchā (449–452)

446

23b1–423b1–43(3) methunabhā a e vibha ga (461–467)

449–452

23b4–8
1
2

Read vinītakāni.
In the VS, the sa ghāvaśe a rules appear in the following order: 1) mocana, 2)kāyasa sarga, 3) maithunabhā a a, 4) sa cāritra, 5) ku ikā, 6) vihāra, 7) amūlaka, 8)
anyathābhāgīyānudhva sana, 9) amūlakaleśa, 10) sa ghabheda, 11) anuvartana, 12)
kuladū a a, and 13) daurvacasya. In VSMB, sa ghāvaśe ā is more frequently found.

3

Read maithuna ̊.

The Sanskrit Manuscript of the Vinayasπtravr.tti in dBu med Script

Section Titles of VS

MS Location
23b4–8(4) sā caritre vibha ga (476–499)

75

VS
461–463

23b8–24b7

sā caritre p cchā (500–505)

24a1

476

24a2–4489–490

24a4–b7

495–499

24b7–25a7
24b7–8500

25a1–7

500–505

25a7: sā caritrap cchāsā caritra1 vinītakāni (506–509)

25a7–b1(5) ku ikāsa ghāvaśe a (510–529)

25b1–825a7–b1(6) vihārasa ghāvaśe ā (529*)

509

25b1–5510

25b5–8514–515

25b8

519

26a1

*5292

26a1–3538

26a1

26a1: vihārasa ghāvaśe ā(7) amūlakasa ghāvaśe ā (535–538)

26a1–326a3: amūlakasa ghāvaśe ā(8) anyathābhāgīyānudhva sanasa ghāvaśe ā(539)

26a3–5
26a3–5539

3(Nai sargika )(1) dhāra e naissargika(559–581)

26a5–b2


1

Read sā cārtre.

2

VSRSSG reads ku ikāsa ghāvaśe asa ghārtham // vihārasa ghāvaśe ā // after sūtra no. 529.

3

In VSMB, naissargika- is also found.

In this text, sa ghārtham should be read as a separate sūtra.

76

Section Titles of VS

MS Location

VS

26a5–8559–561

26b1–2581

26b2: dhāra anai sargika(2) vipravāsanaissargike vibha ga (582–609)

26b2–3(5) pratigrahanaissargikap cchā (682–685)

26b3–426b2–326b3–4(6) yācñānaissargika (686–696)

604
683

26b4–7
26b4–7(18) jātarūparajatanai sargika (771–799)(20) krayavikrayanai sargika (810–823)

26b7–27a4
26b7–8

779–780

27a1–4780–(782)1

27a4–527a4–5

8102

27a6

824

27a6–8841

27a8–b1

852–853(21) pātradhara anai sargika (824–827)

27a6(22) pātraparī inai sargika (828–858)

27a6–b1(28) ātyayikanai sargika (894–901)(30) sāptāhikanai sargika (932–937)

693–694

27b1–627b1–4

896–898

27b4–6900

27b6–28a3
27b6–8

934–935

28a1–3935–937

28a3: saptāhikanai sargika 3(Prāyaścittika)
1MS reads na dūretyādinā for na dūratve svāmino dhvasti .

2

MS omits sa ghabhaktopakrī ate dhānya

3

Read sāptāhika ̊.

mūlyena in this sūtra.

The Sanskrit Manuscript of the Vinayasπtravr.tti in dBu med Script

Section Titles of VS

MS Location(4) deśanā (960–966)

28a4–5(5) vacanā (967–970)

28a5–7

28a4–528a5–7(12) bījaprarohanāśanam (991–1026)(34) sannihitavarjanam (1327–1419)

VS
960–962967

28a7–b8
28a7–b21001

28b2–41011

28b4–51017

28b5–81025–628b8–29a6
28b8–29a4
29a4–6(74) pravāritārthātisevā (1903–1916)77

1329–1330
1336

29a6–7
29a6–7

1906(Bhik u īvibha ga)(Pārājayika)(5) sparśapārājayika(2139–2154)

29a7–b3
29a7–b3

2139–2140(Sa ghāvaśe a)(1) bhik u īsā cāritrasa ghāvaśe ā (2170–

29b3–52173)

29b3–5vibha gagataprāyā paribhā ā2170–2171

29b6–36b7(2403–5+2505–67)1
1

Both VSRS and VSRSSG wrongly take the order of 38th and 39th leaves. Accordingly, sūtra
no. 2405 should be transliterated as follows:
tatpak ā āñ ca mānasam
dhāra avipravāsañ ca sparśam agner nivārite /bhojanabījaghātañ ca deśe ca harite 'śuce //utsargav k arohañ ca śaik ā uddeśayor saha /ratnasparśena bhuktyā ca jātasānnidhyānāntayo //78Section Titles of VS

MS Location
29b6–830a30b

VS2403–2404
2404–2405
2405, 2507–
25131

31a

2513–2521

31b

2521-2528

32a

2528–2533

32b

2533–2534

33a

2534–2539

33b

2539–2550

34a

2550–2552

34b

2552–2555

35a

2555–2557

35b

2557–2560

36a

2560–2566

36b1–72566-2567

36b6–7: vibha gaprāyā paribhā ā samāpta3) Po adhavastu
Sūtra numbers follow those in VSRS, although problems remain2.
Section Title of VS

MS Location3

po adhavastuni śamathapo adhagatam

VS

36b7


bhūmiprarohaghātabhyām uts jyānta
prāv śyaikatravasanaca sūtraka

ityādy asyāntabhāgli ga[38a]yācñābhā

opabhugdrava //kāmopaghātasa vāsānādaraśodhavastuka
Not only the part yācñābhā

/opabhugdrava of sūtra no. 2505 but sūtra no. 2506

kāmopaghātasa vāsānādaraśodhavastuka

is also to be included in this sūtra.

1

See above.

2

Sūtra numbers should be newly given in this chapter.

3/

po adhasapravāra a /The section order of the Po adhavastu in VS is as follows: 1) po adhavastuniśamathapo adhagatam (2568–2603+2405–2439), 2) po adhavastuni sthānagatam (2440–

The Sanskrit Manuscript of the Vinayasπtravr.tti in dBu med Script

Section Title of VS

MS Location

79

VS(2568–2603+2405–2439)
po adhavastuni sthānagata(2440–2456)

36b7(2568)1

36b7–82453

36b7–8

III. A Conclusion
Much of the text is missing in VSSMSB, perhaps because this manuscript might havebeen a student’s notes for sTeng lo tsā ba Tshul khrims ’byung gnas, a translator of
the Tibetan VSS.
The contents of VSSMSB can be roughly grasped from the tables presented
above. It is to be noted that the entire Sanskrit text for the Pārājayika sections after
the Pratyākhyānavidhi and the Vibha gaprāyā Paribhā ā of the Bhik uvibha ga areextant. It is certain that the other fragmentary parts will be important sources for
elucidation of the VSS. It is expected, moreover, that some Sanskrit passages of the
MSV which have been considered lost, though fragmentary, will become available
from the quotations in the VSS.
In order to make a critical edition of the VSS, however, there remains a major
textual problem. The sūtra numbering is very much confusing, and will remain so
until the texts of sūtras in the VS are definitively established. This situation will beameliorated by means of a careful examination of both Sanskrit and Tibetan texts of
the VS as well as cross referencing between the VSS and the other commentaries.
2456), 3) po adhavastuni sāmagrīgatam (2457–2497), 4) po adhavidhigatam (2498–
2505+2604–2656), and 5) vibha gādigatam (2657–2780).
Sūtra no. 2603 should be ca krama atatsthanāśāyatanakāntārikāgatā

v ttasya.
1

tālikām āla byavā sūtrakam, whereas sūtra no. 2505 should be pratyavek a am atrārdhamāsa-

MS reads na gocaretyādi po adhafor na gocarapras tayogam vācayeta.

80

Abbreviations
dBu med MSS = Facsimile Edition of a Collection of Sanskrit Palm-leaf Manuscripts
in Tibetan dBu med Script, The Institute for Comprehensive Studies of
Buddhism, Taisho University, Tokyo 2001.
IBK

Indogaku bukkyōgaku kenkyū 5->-QS [Journal of Indian andBuddhist Studies]

Mvy

Mahāvyutpatti. Sakaki 1916

VS

Vinayasūtra

VSRS

Sā k tyāyana 1981

VSRSSG

Ritsukyō Shukkeji Kenkyūkai (undated)

VSS

Vinayasūtrav ttyabhidhānasvavyākhyāna

VSSBG

Bapat and Gokhale 1982

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