Reptiles and Amphibians

19

20

Reptiles and Amphibians――――――――

Among reptiles and amphibians as foodstuff, frogs are most commonly used as important protein
source for people in Mekong river basin. Reptiles are not as often used as daily food thanamphibians, but sometimes tortoise, lizards and snakes are caught to eat. In this study, estimated
20 species of reptiles, 20 species of amphibians are identified, but we assume that more variety ofanimals are being consumed at home; they are just not seen in markets.
Common reptiles seen in markets are Indochinese snail-eating turtle (Malayemys subtrijuga) andcalotes (Calotes versicolor)．Indochinese snail-eating turtle is also sold in the cities, and is not only
sold as food, but also large demand for mercy release (releasing catch into wild to make up the lost
lives of those had been eaten). It is a unique sight in Buddhist country. Other species of tortoise
are relatively expensive than other animals. We assumed that they are not affordable to ordinary
population and are less popular as food unless someone catches them by himself. Snakes areoccasionally seen in markets and some people like them, but those are not used in daily meal
preparation. A few markets sell Varanus nebulosus once in a while. Overall, reptiles may not
make up popular dishes, but they are considered familiar foodstuff as they are consumed among
rural villagers and are seen in markets occasionally. It is even possible that they are cultured byprofessionals.
As for amphibians, larger species of Hoplobatrachus rugulosus and smaller species of Fejervarya
limnocharis and Occidozyga lima are frequently sold at market. Not only adults but also tadpoles
are used and sold in markets. Frogs are served in eateries in the cities, and most of the time, H.
rugulosus is used. H. rugulosus is cultured widely and is readily available throughout year. In
the market, both harvested and wild caught ones are sold, but wild caught are more expensive.
Other than H. rugulosus, which is cultured, frogs are basically caught in wild. They have different
seasons, so one sees different species in the market throughout the year. Many of the species live
in close proximity of villages and forest around it. They are popular as Mizube no Sachi.

21Morphology of Reptiles and Amphibians

TurtleSnake

Carapace length

Total length

Head and Body length
Foreleg

HindlegTaillengthFrog【Adult】【Larva】

Body length
Snout

Body length

Ear
drum

Tail length
Foreleg
Hindleg22Order: Testudines

Geoemydidae spp.
LA

Tao，Tao nam

KH

AndawkFamily: Geoemydidae

TH
VN

JP

Cyclemys dentata; Rua dua Cyclemys dentata; Rùa dứa
Malayemys subtrijuga :Rua Malayemys subtrijuga :Rùaba go Cuora amboinesis: Rua ba gờ Cuora amboinensis:
nap; Tua hop
Ishi-gameRùa nắp; Tùa hộp

イシガメ科の複数種(Photo: Nokoheri-marugame)
Remarks

Basic Information
Its distribution is centered in temperate and tropical Asia

Cyclemys dentata
23 May 2009 Phonekeo, Vientiane
Provine, Laosand South Europe, North Africa, and Central and South
Asia.
Use
The team identified Cyclemys dentata 、 Malayemys subtrijuga 、 Cuora amboinensis as foodsource. These species are popularly served roasted or in soup. In the market, M. subtrijuga isfound most. It is because they are also used in “mercy release” (as in Buddhist belief, releasing acatch in the wild is considered act of virtue) as well as food. In Cambodia, one C. amboinensis
sold at a price of twenty US dollar which is very high compared to other market goods.

Malayemys subtrijuga
19 Nov. 2009

Thong Khan Kham Market, Vientiane
Capital, Laos

19 Nov. 2009

Thong Khan Kham Market, Vientiane
Capital, Laos

Cuora amboinensis
06 Nov. 2008

Malayemys subtrijuga

23

Neak Loeung, Kandal, Cambodia

isOrder: Testudines
Family: Platysternidae

Platysternon megacephalum
LA

Tao，Poulou

KH

AndawkTH
VN

Rua dau toRùa đầu toJP

Ooatama-game

オオアタマガメ

Remarks

Basic Information
It is distributed in Southern China, Hainan Island, andIndo-China Peninsula. The shell length is 11 to 20cm. It

18 Sep 2011

Nan Pui, Sainyabuli, Laos

18 Sep 2011

Nan Pui, Sainyabuli, Laos

lives along mountain streams.
Use
It was found as a food source in Sainyabuli province in Laos,mainly as a soup ingredient. It is highly-priced trade goods
as used in Chinese cuisine (we heard in an interview as
1,000,000 kip/kg). Apart from collecting in the wild, people
catch the young and raise it until it is mature (semi-farmraised) and ready to be sold. Collection mainly occurs along
mountain streams.

24Order: Testudines
Family: Trionychidae

Trionychidae spp.
LA

Pa fa

KH

Konthiey

TH

Tapab nam

VN

Ba ba; Cua dinhBa ba; Cua đinhSuppon

スッポン科の複数種

JP(Photo: Maru-suppon)
Remarks

Use
They

are

used

in

multiplecountries

as

a

soup

ingredient. In Laos, Pelochelys cantorii was identified asa food source.

Order: Testudines
Family: Testudinidae

Testudinidae spp.
LA

Pelochelys cantorii
23 May 2009 Phonekeo, Vientiane
Province, Laos

Tao

KH
TH
VN

Rua nui vienRùa núi viềnJP

Riku-game

リクガメ科の複数種

Photo:Bekkou-mutsuashi-gameRemarksUse
In Laos, both adults

and eggs

are consumed as

food. Adult Manouria impressa and eggs of Testudinidae

Manouria impressa
25 May 2009 Vang Vieng Market,
Vientiane Province, Laos

spp. are identified in the market. The adult is used in soup,and eggs are boiled and served.

19 Nov 2011 Dong Makkai Market,
Vientiane Capital, Laos25

Order: Squamata
Family: Agamidae

Calotes versicolorLA

Ka pomKH

Bong kuoi

THVN

Ky nhong; Cac keKỳ nhông; Cắc ké

JP

Irokae-Karotesu

イロカエカロテス

Remarks

Basic Information
It is distributed in Southwest Asia to India and Sri Lanka,
Indo-China, South China, Sumatra, and islands in

25 Jun. 2010

Dong Makkai, Vientiane
Capital, Laos

14 Feb. 2010

Lak8 Market, Savannakhet,
Laos

the Indian Ocean such as Mauritius and Reunion. The
length of a normal individual measures about 35cm, butsometimes grows up to 50cm. Its scales on the lateraltrunk point toward up and behind. It changes its color from
red to metallic blue. It mainly habituates in forests but is
adapted to living near human habitats. Larger individuals,
especially males, have a tendency to be found in the upper
part of tall trees.
Use
In the Lao market, it was sold at 10,000kip for three. It isserved roasted or put in Laap. People collect it in forests
near the villages.

26Order: Squamata
Family: Agamidae

Physignathus cocincinus
LA

Ka thang

KH
TH
VN

Rong dat; Nhong catRồng đất; Nhông cát

JPIndo-China-water-dragon

インドシナウォータードラゴン

Remarks

Basic Information
It is distributed in South China to Indo-China. The total
length is 60 to 90cm. It is often found in lowland forests. It

18 Sep. 2011 Sainyabuli Market,
Sainyabuli, Laosis diurnal and mostly lives on the ground, but is able toclimb trees.

The body is green and can adapt tosurrounding colors to some degree.
Use
The team witnessed its use as food in Laos. It is often
served roasted or put in Laap.
18 Sep. 2011 Sainyabuli Market,
Sainyabuli, Laos

27

Order: Squamata
Family: Varanidae

Varanus nebulosus
LA

Laen

KH

Trokuot

TH
VN

Ky da van; Ky da hoa

Kỳ đà vân; Kỳ đà hoa

JPHigashi-bengal-ootokage

ヒガシベンガルオオトカゲ

Remarks

Basic Information
It is distributed in Southwest area of Guangdong Province,
Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, South Yunnan

27 May 2009

Tha Heua Market, Louang
Phrabang, Laos

Province in China, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand,
East and South Myanmar, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra
Island,Java

IslandandLesserSunda

Islands

inIndonesia. It is a large lizard with the full body length ofabout 140cm (about 54cm snout to vent length). It is foundin small patches of a forest and green areas in suburbs. It
is known for the large consumption of small catches. Mostof its diet consists of invertebrates such as beetles,
grasshoppers, ants, scorpions, centipedes, and snails.

12 Sep. 2011 Ton Vieng Kham,
Bolikhamsai, Laos

Use
In Laos and Cambodia, adults and eggs are consumed. It is especially preferred in markets around
Luang Prabang in Laos where one adult was sold at 45,000kip/kg. Live adults are sold with its legs
tied on its back to avoid any movement. Adults are served grilled or put in soups or in Laap. In
Laos, first it is chopped with the bone-in, then seasoned with garlic, chili, lemongrass, fish sauce,salt and MSG and grilled. Eggs are boiled to eat. It is collected using a type of a tie up trap.

28

Order: Squamata

Colubridae spp.
LA

Ngu

KH

Poah

Family: Colubridae

TH
VN
JP

Ran bong sungRắn bông súngNami-hebi

ナミヘビ科の複数種(Photo:Shina-mizuhebi)
Remarks

Use
Snakes are not heavily sought after as food, but they
are consumed in many countries. It is served roasted

Enhydris chinensis
29 May 2009 Norng Bon, Vientiane
Capital, Laosand put in Laap or soup. Sometimes it is preserved inalcohol, and this is often sold as a souvenir around Luang Prabang in Laos. In Cambodia,
small snakes on a stake were sold at two for One US dollar. It is assumed that snakes are
consumed at homes, but a detail on how it is done was not clear in this study.

06 Nov. 2008

Neak Loeung, Kandal, Cambodia

09 Nov. 2008

Enhydris plumbea
25 Aug. 2010

Phonekeo, Vientiane Province, Laos29

Tha Heua Market, Louang Phrabang,
LaosDendrelaphis pictus

Amphiesma stolatum

27 Jul. 2008

28 May 2009

28 May 200907 Aug. 2010

Vientiane Capital, Laos

Xang Hai, Louang Phrabang,Laos

28 May 2009

Ahaetulla nasuta

Xang Hai, Louang Phrabang,Laos

28 May 200930

Phonekeo, Vientiane Province,
Laos

Enhydris plumbea

Xang Hai, Louang Phrabang,
Laos

Ahaetulla prasina

Xang Hai, Louang Phrabang,
LaosBoiga multomaculata

28 May 2009

Chrysopelea ornata

Xang Hai, Louang Phrabang,Laos

28 May 2009

Dryocalamus davisonii

28 May 2009

28 May 2009

Xang Hai, Louang Phrabang,
Laos

Oligodon purpurascens

Xang Hai, Louang Phrabang,Laos

28 May 2009

Oligodon sp.
Xang Hai, Louang Phrabang,
Laos

Xang Hai, Louang Phrabang,
Laos

Xenochrophis piscator

28 May 200931

Xang Hai, Louang Phrabang,
LaosOrder: Anura
Family: Bufonidae

Duttaphrynus melanostictus
LA

Khan khak

KH

King kuok

TH
VN

Coc nhaCóc nhàJP

Heriguro-hikigaeru

ヘリグロヒキガエル

Remarks

Basic Information
It is distributed in China, Pakistan in South Asia,

17 Sep. 2007 Wat Preah Yesu, Siem
Reap, Cambodia

Indo-China, Malaysia, Borneo Island, and Indonesia in
Southeast

Asia.

The

snout-vent

lengthis60

to110mm. There is a black bordered ridge from the top of its
snout to the top of its eye. Its color can range from grey,
reddish brown, to yellow. Eggs are clustered in a long string
and larvae measures 20mm. It is found in disturbed areas
such as a cultivated field and also in villages and cities.
11 Feb. 2010

Mouth, Louang Phrabang,
Laos

Use
They are not commonly circulated in markets; however, in North Thailand, Laos and Cambodia,
they are consumed by skinning them and either fried or roasted. In Cambodia, they were highly
recommended as tasty frogs.

32Order: Anura
Family: Ranidae

Fejervarya limnocharisLA

Khiat moo

KH

Kongkaeb ai(ch)ko，Ai(ch)ko

TH
VN

Nhai ngoe

Nhái; Ngóe

JP

Numa-gaeru

ヌマガエル

Remarks

Basic Information
It is widely distributed in tropical Asia from Pakistan to

28 Jun. 2010 Phonekeo, Vientiane
Province, Laos

Japan. The snout-vent length is 32 to 58mm. It has anarrow head and a slightly pointed snout. There is a low
ridge on the back. Some individuals have a whitish line on
the back. The abdomen is white. It is found in secondary
natural growth such as a paddy field, as well as nearvillages. It is commonly sighted with abundance. Mating
occurs during the rain season. It lays eggs in paddies andother temporary wetlands, and metamorphosis occurs in one
to two months.

22 Jul. 2008 Nong Chanh Market,
Vientiane Capital, Laos

Use
This is the most popular species of the small edible frogs category in Indo-China. Adults are sold inmarkets. It is often served by frying with the bone-in after it is gutted, or used in soups andsir-fried dishes. It is found easily around villages in abundance, so people often collect it for
consumption. Collection often takes place at night. People use their bare hands or hand nets forcollecting frogs. One Lao collector told the team that he can sell the frog at a price of 25,000 kip/kg
at market (Vientiane Province).

33

Order: Anura
Family: Ranidae

Hoplobatrachus rugulosusLA

Kob naKH

Kongkaep ouk

THVN

Ech dongẾch đồng

JP

Babatorafu-gaeru

ババトラフガエル

Remarks

Basic Information
It is distributed in Indo-China, China and Taiwan. It is alsotransplanted in Malaysia and the Philippines. It resembles

23 Jul. 2008

Dong Makkai, Vientiane
Capital, Laos

Fejervarya limnocharis, but this species is larger. Larva of
this species can be distinguished from the same size of larvaof Fejervarya limnocharis by its more developed webbing on
its hind legs. It has a white abdomen and mottled jaw. It isfound near water in paddies, marshes, flood plains and lakes.
12 Sep. 2007

Vientiane Capital, Laos

Use
This is the most popular edible frogs in Indo-China, and is sold at most of the markets. It is served
by gutting then fried, roasted, or boiled. Sometimes it is stuffed with herbs and ground meat andfried, or used as the main ingredient of chili paste. Dried frogs are roasted or fried to eat. Becauseof its large size, it is very filling. Farm-raising is popular and breeders of this species are
distributed in Thailand and Laos. In markets, many farm-raised frogs are sold, but in general, wildcaught ones are said to taste better. Thus, the wild collection is also popular. Collection methods
are by hand, fixed fishing traps, and basket traps. Collecting by hand is done at night. Hand-heldnets, harpoons, and spearguns are also used for collection. In Laos, a type of bamboo fish trap
called Bet Kob is used. When 30 baits (earthworms) are attached to a Bet Kob and left near thewater overnight, 10 to 15 frogs can be collected the next day. Another type of trap is Toum Kob,
which is a bamboo basket. A piece of fish is left in the basket near the water overnight. 20 of thosebasket traps will yield 1 to 2kg of frogs. These traps are used more often during October throughFebruary. People say Bet Kob is more efficient. Other than those consumed at home, collected
frogs are sold to markets at a price of 40,000 kip/kg. During the research, H. chinensis of same
genus is confirmed.

34

23 Jul. 2008

Dong Makkai, Vientiane Capital,
Laos

27 Jun. 201022 Jul. 2008

Nong Chanh Market, Vientiane
Capital, Laos

12 Sep. 2007 Thong Khan Kham Market,
Vientiane Capital, Laos

28 Jul. 2010

Dong Makkai, Vientiane Capital,
Laos

30 Jun. 201023 Jul. 2008

Dong Makkai, Vientiane Capital,
Laos

23 Jul. 200835

Phonekeo, Vientiane Province,
Laos

Had Saun, Vientiane Capital,
Laos

Dong Makkai, Vientiane Capital,
Laos

03 Sep. 2010

(Toum Kob）
Na Pak, Vientiane Capital, Laos

03 Sep. 2010 Na Pak,
Vientiane Capital, Laos

03 Sep. 2010 Na Pak,
Vientiane Capital, Laos

03 Sep. 2010
Na Pak,Vientiane Capital, Laos

Hoplobatrachus chinensis

12 Nov. 2008 Sivilay,
Vientiane Capital, Laos

04 Nov. 200836

Tropeang Thom Khang Cheung,
Takeo, Cambodia

Order: Anura
Family: Ranidae

Hylarana erythraea
LA

Khiat tapath，Khiat lang
khiew

KH

Kanchang cheik

TH
VN

Chang hiu xanhChàng hiu xanhJP

Asia-midori-gaeru

アジアミドリガエル

Remarks

Basic Information
It is distributed in Southeast Asia. Its snout-vent length is

31 May 2009 Na Ngom, Vientiane
Capital, Laos

32 to 75mm. It has a green dorsal side with a distinctive
black lined white band. Some individuals have a brownback. Its abdomen is white and the hind legs are very
long. Males are considerably smaller than females. It is
widely found in paddy fields, villages, farmlands and forests,
especially in disturbed lands. Mating occurs throughout theyear, and eggs are laid in shallow stagnant water.
15 Aug. 2007 Kampong Phluk, Siem
Reap, Cambodia

Use
It is rarely seen in markets, but commonly eaten at homes. It is served fried, roasted, or insoup. Sometimes it is dried. In Cambodia, skewed or tempura (deep fried) frogs are sold atstalls. The team confirmed several species of genus Hylarana, and all of them were used in thesame manner.

37

Order: Anura
Family: Ranidae

Hylarana guentheriLA

Khiat makleuang

KH

Kanchang cheik dai

TH
VN

Chau changChẫu chàng

JP
Remarks

Basic Information
It is distributed in China and Taiwan through Vietnam. The
snout-vent length is 63 to 76mm. The male is smaller than
the female. It has a brown body with a white abdomen.

Hylarana guentheri
22 Jul. 2008 Dong Makkai Market,
Vientiane Capital, Laos

Its hind legs and toes are long. It is found in paddy fields, marshes and ponds.

Order: Anura
Family: Ranidae

Hylarana macrodactyla
LA

Khiat tapath，Khiat lang
saek

KH

Kanchang cheik

TH
VN

Chang hiu

Chàng hiu

JP

Yubinaga-tonosama-gaeru

ユビナガトノサマガエル

Remarks

Basic Information
It is distributed in Southern China to Indo-China and Malay
Peninsula.

It has a slender body, even the snout isnarrow. Its hind legs and toes are long. It lives in lakes,
flood plains and paddy fields.

38

25 Jul. 2008 Naphang, Vientiane
Province, Laos

Order: Anura
Family: Ranidae

Hylarana taipehensis
LA

Khiat tapath，Khiat lang
saek

KH

Kanchang cheik

TH
VN

Chang hiu dai bac

Chàng hiu Đài Bắc

JP
Remarks

Basic Information
It is distributed throughout Taiwan, China to Indo-China
Peninsula. There are some records from Bangladesh.

Hylarana taipehensis
29 May 2009 Norng Bon, Vientiane
Capital, Laos

It has a slender body and very long hind legs. Its appearance resembles Hylarana macrodactyla. It
lives in paddy fields, flood plains, marshes and forest ponds.

Order: Anura
Family: Ranidae

Hylarana nigrovittata
LA

Khiat lueong，Khiat ta oad

KH

Kanchang cheikTH
VN

Ech suoiÊch suối

JP
Remarks

Basic Information
It is distributed in China through Indo-China Peninsula andMalay Peninsula. There are records from Sumatra andIndia. It is found in slow streams of the evergreen forests.

39

Hylarana nigrovittata
22 Nov. 2009 Mueng Song Market,
Vientiane Province, Laos

Order: Anura
Family: Ranidae

Limnonectes kuhlii
LA

Khiat khakham，Kob hin，
Kob houay

KH

KongkaepTH
VN

Ech tronẾch trơn

JP

Kuhl-gaeru

クールガエルRemarks

Basic Information
It is distributed in Southeast Asia. There are some records

22 Nov. 2009 Vang Vieng Market,
Vientiane Province, Laosfrom India as well. Its snout-vent length is 44 to 67mm. It
has a broad head and torso with a stocky body. The malehas a broader head than the female. Its hind toes havewebbing but not the front toes. It lives in streams of thehigher mountain forests. It is nocturnal and tends not tostay out of water for a long period.
Use
It is occasionally found in markets. It is fried, roasted, driedor put in soups to be served. In Laos, it is prized for its good
taste, and traded with high value. It is collected by hand,using a light during the night in the fringe of a riverforest. It is often found in markets in nearby mountains.

40

22 Nov. 2009 Vang Vieng Market,
Vientiane Province, Laos

Order: Anura
Family: Ranidae

Odorrana sp. (cf. livida)
LA

Khiat leuang，Khiat khiew，
Khiat tapath

KH

Kanchang cheikTH
VN

Ech nui xanhẾch núi xanhJP
RemarksUse
It is found in a market in Vang Vieng in Laos. It is fried,
roasted, steamed, dried or put in soup to be eaten. It iscollected by hand, using a light at night nearby rivers in

Odorrana sp.
22 Nov. 2009 Vang Vieng Market,
Vientiane Province, Laos

forests.

Order: Anura
Family: Ranidae

Sylvirana lateralisLA

Khiat tapath

KH

Kanchang cheik

TH
VN
JP
RemarksUse
It is fried, roasted, dried or put in soup to be served.
Sylvirana lateralis
25 May 2009 Vang Vieng Market,
Vientiane Province, Laos41

Order: Anura
Family: Ranidae

Occidozyga lima
LA

Khiat taath，Khiat tana，Khiat sa

KH

Kounk’at

TH
VN

Cocnuoc lima

Cóc nước lima

JP

Asia-uki-gaeru

アジアウキガエル

Remarks

Basic Information
It is distributed in Indo-China Peninsula to Bengali area in

23 Jul. 2008

Dong Makkai, Vientiane
Capital, Laos

India, and Malay Peninsula to Java Island. The snout-vent
length is 25 to 35mm. The body is brown to a green
color. Its eyes protrude upward. The webbings on the legs
are well developed. Larvae have a long tail which has
partially broad areas. Its habitat is near the water such as
paddy fields, marshes, waterways, ponds and lakes, andfound in abundance. It is often seen floating in water with
only its eyes above the water surface. It lives along water
most of the time, and eats small aquatic insects.

26 Jun. 2010 Vang Vieng Market,
Vientiane Province, Laos

Use
It is consumed often but due to its small size, it is rarely sold on its own; rather, mixed with larvae ofwater beetles, larvae of dragonflies, shrimps, and tadpoles. It is fried, roasted, steamed or put insoup to be served. In Laos, it is mixed with other aquatic insects/animals and wrapped in banana
leaves to be steamed. Other than food, it is used as bait of long line fishing to catch carnivorous
fish. It is also circulated as bait for ornamental carnivorous fish. It is collected by using small
nets, colanders, or seine nets.

29 May 2009 Norng Yao,
Vientiane Capital, Laos

16 Sep. 2007 Arak Svay,
Siem Reap, Cambodia

42

12 Sep. 2007 Phoxai,
Vientiane Capital , Laos

28 Jun. 2010 Phone Ngeun,
Vientiane Province, Laos

01 Aug. 2010 Napuheuy,
Vientiane Province, Laos

10 Jun. 2007 New Nong Neow Market,
Vientiane Capital, Laos

15 Sep. 2007 Kampong Phluk,
Siem Reap, Cambodia

28 Jun. 2010 Houay Yae,
Vientiane Province, Laos43

Order: Anura
Family: Rhacophoridae

Polypedates leucomystax
LA

Khiat tapath khayao，Khiat
tapad

KH

Kongkaeb ai(ch)ko，Ai(ch)ko

TH
VN

Ech cay mep trangẾch cây mép trắng

JP

Shiroago-gaeru

シロアゴガエル

Remarks

Basic Information
It is distributed in South and Southeast Asia from Nepal to29 Jul. 2010 Pakkagnoung, Vientiane
Province, Laos

Indonesia and the Philippines. Its snout-vent length is 37 to
75mm. It has a slender body with long front and hindlegs. Toes are long with developed sucker-like adhesive
disks on the tips. Its upper jaw is white. There are 4 darklines on the back, but sometimes they are unclear for someindividuals. The larvae have eyes on the side of their head
and the distance between each eye is wide. The tail of thelarvae is wide in the middle. Its habitat is consisted of

24 May 2009 Vang Vieng Market,
Vientiane Province, Laosvarious environments from villages in the lowland, plowed
land, fringe forest and even in urban areas. It is nocturnal,
often found in trees, but can be found on the ground or
in grasslands. Eggs are covered with cream-colored foam.
Each foam forms a lump consisted of several hundred eggs, and are laid near water, in paddles, orat the edge of water tanks.
Use
It is mainly eaten by frying. It is collected by hand using a light at night. A researcher followed acollector at Don Makai and Khun Neua villages in Laos and observed the collection. He could easily
catch the frogs because many were on branches of small trees in the villages and near
marshes. Megacephalus in the same genus was also found in markets.

44

29 Jul. 2010 Dong,
Vientiane Province, Laos

16 Sep. 2007 Arak Svay,
Siem Reap, Cambodia

28 Jun. 2010 Phone Ngeun,
Vientiane Province, Laos

27 Jul. 2008 Nathone,
Vientiane Capital, Laos

Polypedates megacephalus

28 Jul. 2010 Dong Makkai,
Vientiane Capital, Laos

23 May 200945

Vang Vieng Market, Vientiane
Province, Laos

Order: Anura
Family: Microhylidae

Kaloula pulchra
LA

Eung yang

KH

Hing

TH
VN

Enh uongỂnh ương

JP

Asia-jimuguri-gaeru

アジアジムグリガエル

Remarks

Basic Information
It is distributed throughout tropical Asia from India to

12 Sep. 2007 Hou Kua Market,
Vientiane Capital, Laos

China. Its snout-vent length is 54 to 75mm. It has a stout
and a round body with a small head and short legs. Toes are
slender and long, with their tips swelled. Its hind legs havewebbings. The skin is smooth and brown in color. There isa light brown line from the snout to its body. The abdomen
is white and covered with a pale mottle. Its lower jaw isdark. It puffs up when threatened. It usually habituates inforest floors of flat areas. It adapts well to the ever-changing

27 Jun. 2010 Vang Vieng Market,
Vientiane Province, Laos

environment by human activities, thus often found in towns and paddy fields. It is nocturnal andhides under fallen leaves or rocks during the daytime. Its diet is mainly ants and other small
insects. Eggs are laid in temporally stagnant water such as puddles.
Use
Roasting and putting in soups are popular ways to serve it. It has a reputation for its taste in Laosand Cambodia.

It is collected around paddy fields by hand with a light at night. It is said thatcollection is more productive at paddies which are closer to forests. Many adults are found in June
and July when it is after the beginning of the rain season. It is harder to find them in other times ofthe year. Its Cambodian name, “Hing”, comes from the sound of the frogs call.

12 Sep. 2007 Nong Chanh Market,
Vientiane Capital, Laos

12 Sep. 2007 Nong Chanh Market,
Vientiane Capital, Laos

46

27 May 2009

Nakha, Louang Phrabang, Laos

27 May 2009

Nakha, Louang Phrabang, Laos

27 May 200947

Nakha, Louang Phrabang, Laos

Order: Anura
Family: Microhylidae

Microhyla berdmorei
LA

Khane khak，Khiat kha
kham

KH

Kongkaep koun kromom

TH
VN

Nhai bau

Nhái bầu

JP

Oohime-amagaeru

オオヒメアマガエル

Remarks

Basic Information
It is distributed in Northeastern India, Bangladesh,

19 Nov. 2009 Dong Makkai Market,
Vientiane Capital, LaosSouthern China through Indo-China Peninsula, Malay
Peninsula and Sumatra Island and Borneo Island. The
snout-vent length is 24 to 32mm. There are warts on its
back. It has long hind legs and toes. It is found in primary
forests in a lowland but sometimes found in secondary
forests. It is nocturnal.
22 Nov. 2009 Mueng Song Market,
Vientiane Province, Laos

Use
It is fried, roasted, dried or put in soups to be served. In Lao market, it was found at 1,000kip for 4
frogs. Other species of Narrow-mouthed frogs are used in the same way. During the research, useof Microhyla fissipes and Kalophrynus interlineatus were confirmed, and there are some otherspecies that are not confirmed. It is collected at night by hand. In Champasak province in Laos,
Narrow-mouthed frogs are collected during the dry period. Adult frogs gather at areas where fallen
leaves are accumulated, so it is easy to find and catch them.

48

19 Nov. 2009 Dong Makkai Market,
Vientiane Capital, Laos

14 Feb. 201019 Nov. 2009 Dong Makkai Market,
Vientiane Capital, Laos

Microhyla fissipes

Seno Markeｔ, Savannakhet, Laos

20 Jan. 2013

Salao, Champasak, Laos

Microhyla fissipes
17 Aug. 201020 Jan. 2013

Salao, Champasak, Laos

20 Jan. 2013

Salao, Champasak, Laos

Kalophrynus interlineatus

Phonekeo, Vientiane Province,
Laos

26 Jul. 200849

Sivilay, Vientiane Capital, Laos

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50

オオトカゲ＆ドクト