From choice, a world of possibilities

ghypay; cupikfs;:
ru;tNjr> jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt rk;Nksdj;jpd; gpufldk;

Sexual rights: an IPPF declaration

ghypay; cupikfs;: ru;tNjr> jpl;lkplg;gl;lngw;whHJt

rk;Nksdj;jpd; gpufldk;

Kd;Diu,ilj;njhlu;GfSs;s rfy kdpj cupikfspdJk; cyfshtpa jd;ik> gu];guk;rhu;e;jpUf;Fk; jd;ik> gpupf;f Kbahj jd;ik vd;w Nfhl;ghLfis cs;slf;fpa kdpj
cupikfs; mZFKiwapDs;> jdJ ,yf;Ffisg; G+u;j;jpnra;tjpy; ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;lngw;whHJt rk;Nksdk; jd;id <LgLj;jpAs;sJ. ghypay; cupikfs;> kdpj cupikfspd;
xU $W vd;gij ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt rk;Nksdk;> Vw;wq;fPfupj;Jek;Gfpd;wJ. ,it rfy kf;fspdJk; Rje;jpuk;> rkj;Jtk;> nfsutk; vd;gtw;wpw;Fg;
gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak; ghypaYld; njhlu;Gw;w cUthfptUk; cupj;Jf;fspd; njhFjpahFk;.

ghypay; cupikfs;: ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt rk;Nkssj;jpd; gpufldk;
ru;tNjr kdpj cupikfs; ika cld;gbf;iffisAk; Vida rhjdq;fisAk; ru;tNjrj;
juq;fspd; mjpfhuG+u;tkhd tpsf;fq;fisAk; mtw;wpd; cl;fpilahf mike;Js;s kdpjg;
ghypaYld; njhlu;Gw;w Nkyjpf cupj;Jf;ifsAk; mbj;jskhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.1 1993Mk;
Mz;L kdpj cupikfs; gw;wpa If;fpa ehLfspd; cyf khfhehL@ 1994 Mk; Mz;Lrdj;njhifAk; mgptpUj;jpAk; gw;wpa If;fpa ehLfspd; kfhehL@ 1995 Mk; Mz;Lngz;fs; gw;wpa If;fpa ehLfspd; rf];ug; gpufldKk; rf];u mgptpUj;jp ,yf;FfSk;
vd;gd Nghd;wtw;wpypUe;J Cw;nwLj;j Mtzq;fspypUe;J mJ cwpQ;rp vLj;Js;sJ.
If;fpa ehLfs; mikaj;jpd; cld;gbf;iff; FOf;fs; gytw;whYk; If;fpa ehLfs;
mikaj;jpd; tpNrl mwpf;ifahsu;fshYk;> Fwpg;ghf cldyj;jpy; vl;lf;$ba cr;r
juj;ijg; ngWk; cupikiag; gw;wpa tpNrl mwf;ifahsu;fshYk; kdpj cupikfs;
Mizaj;jpw;Fr; rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;l 2004Mk; Mz;L mwpf;ifahYk; ngwg;gl;l ngWNgW
fshYk; tpjg;GiufspdhYk; mwptpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

ghypay; cupikfs;:
epug;Gtjhf,J> ghypay; ,dtpUj;jp cupikf; fl;likg;Gg; gl;laj;jpd; Fiw

mike;Js;s

ru;tNjr>

jpl;lkplg;gl;lngw;whHJt

rk;Nksdj;jpd;

gpufldkhFk;. ghypay; cupikfis ntspg;gilahf ,dq;fhz;gijAk; ghypay; gw;wpa
cl;gLj;jpa Nehf;if Mjupg;gijAk; ,J Fwpf;Nfhshff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. vy;NyhUila
ghypay;jd;dhl;rp cupikfis kjpg;gjw;Fk; ghJfhg;gjw;Fk; Kd;Ndw;wiyf; fw;Fk;
ghypay; rhu;e;j cleyj;ij Ak;> cupikfisAk; ghugl;rkpd;ik vd;w rl;lfj;jpDs;
Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; ,e;Nehf;F Kw;gLfpd;wJ.
ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp

1

rfy kdpj cupikfisAk; mDgtpg;gjw;F> ,d;wpaikahj mbg;gil kdpj cupikahf
cleyk; cs;sJ vd;W ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt rk;Nksdk; ek;Gfpd;wJ.2
vl;lf;$ba mjp cau; cly;rhu; cleyj;ijAk; csk;rhu; eyj;ijAk; mDgtpg;gjw;F>
ghypay; cleyKk;,dtpUj;jp cleyKk; mj;jpahtrpa
mk;rq;fnsd;Wk;mJ
3ek;Gfpd;wJ. ghypay; cupikfspd;w> ghypay; cleyk; va;jg;glNth Ngzg;glNth KbahJ.
Mdhy; cleyj;Jld; njhlu;Gw;w cupj;Jf;fSf;Fk; mjpfkhd cupj;Jf;fis ghypay;
cupikfs; cs;shf;Ffpd;wd.
Vw;fdNt cs;s kdpj cupikfisg; ghy; jd;ikf;Fg; gpuNahfpf;Fk;NghJ cUthFk;
Fwpg;ghd epakq;fisg; ghypay; cupikfs; Fwpf;fpd;wd. Rje;jpuk;> rkj;Jtk;. jdpikepiy>
jd;dhl;rp> tha;ik> kf;fs; midtuJk; nfsutk; vd;g tw;iw ,t;Tupikfs;
cs;slf;Ffpd;wd. Fwpg;ghfg; ghy; jd;ikAld; njhlu;Gw;w ru;tNjrr; rhjdq;fs;
gytw;wpYk; ,f;Nfhl;ghLfs; Vw;wq;fPfupf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ghypay; cupikfs;> Fwpg;gpl;lmilahsq;fspd; ghJfhg;ig cs;slf;fp mjw;fg; ghYk; nry;Yk; mZFKiwiaf;
nfhz;Ls;sd. vt;tpjf; fl;lhag;gLj;jNyh ghugl;rNkh td;KiwfNsh ,d;wp nfsutj;ij
kjpf;Fk; gpd;dzpapy; xt;nthUtUk; jkJ ghy; jd;ikfis epiwNtw;Wtjw;Fk;
ntspf;fhl;Ltjw;Fk;
mDkjpf;Fk;epiyikfis
mZFe;jpwd;
xt;nthUtUf;Fk;
cz;nldg; ghypay; cupikfs; cj;jthjkspf;fpd;wd.
tho;ehs; KOtJk; kdpj ,ay;G nfhz;ltuhf ,Ug;gjw;F ghy; jd;ik> ika mk;rkhf,Uf;fpd;wnjd;gijr; ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt rk;Nksdk; Vw;wq;fPfupg;gJld; ghy;
jd;ik> gpd;tUk; gupkhzq;fs; midj;ijAk; cz;lhf;Ffpd;w NghjpYk; mitfs; ahTk;
vg;nghOjk;
mDgtpf;fg;gLtNjh
ntspg;gLj;jg;gLtNjh,y;iyvd;gijAk;
Vw;wq;fPfupf;fpd;wJ. ghypaw; nraw;ghLfs;> ghy; epiy njhlu;ghd xNu jd;ikfs;> ghypay;
rhu; jpirthf;fk;> fhktpay;> ,d;gk;> neUq;fpa cwT> ,dg;ngUf;fk; vd;gtw;iw
cs;slf;fpa cUthfptUk; Xu; vz;zf;fUthFk;. capupay;> cstpay;> r%fk;>
nghUshjhuk;> murpay;> fyhr;rhuk;> ed;ndwp> rl;lk;> tuyhW> rkak;> Md;kPfk; vd;gd
rhu;e;j ,ilj;jhf;fj;jpdhy; ,J epWtg;gLfpd;wJ. ghy; jd;ik vd;gJ> rpe;jidfs;>
ek;gj;jfhj fw;gidfs;> Mty;fs;> ek;gpf;iffs;> kdg;ghq;Ffs;> tpOkpaq;fs;> elj;ijfs;>
gof;ftof;fq;fs;>
njhlu;Gfs;
vd;gtw;wpy;
ghypay;mDgtpf;fg;gL
fpd;wJ@
4ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp

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ghypay; ntspg;ghLfs; gyTk; ,dg;ngUf;fk; rhuhjit vd;gijAk; ghypay; gw;wpa
cyfshtpa tpsf;fk; cUthfpathWs;sJ vd;gijAk; ru;tNjr> jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
rk;Nksdk; mwpe;jpUf;fpd;wJ. ghypay; cupikfs;> ,dg;ngUf;f cupikfs;> ,dg;ngUf;fcldyk; vd;gtw;wpd; fPo; cs;slq;fpait my;y vd;gijf; Fwpg;ghf ,dq;fhz
Ntz;bajd;
mtrpaj;ij
ru;tNjr>
jpl;lkplg;gl;lngwwhHJt
rk;Nksdk;
5
Vw;wq;fPfupf;fpd;wJ.
ghypay; cupikfSf;F ,lkspf;Fk; epiyikfs; rk;ge;jg;gl;l mjd; mu;g;gzpg; Gf;Ftsq;fs; rkhjhdk; vd;gtw;wpw;Fs;smZFjpwdpy;> xg;GuT ,lk;ngw Ntz;Lk;
vd;gjw;fhd cs;ehl;Lg; Nghuhl;lq;fs; cyfshtpa Nghuhl;lq;fs;> nfsutk;> cupikfs;
midj;J kf;fSf;Fk; Rje;jpuq;fs; vd;gd Kw;whf vl;lg;gLk;. cyfk; jOtpa r%f>
ru;tNjr xOq;F vd;gd njhlu;ghd mjd; mfd;w mu;g;gzpg;G > Fiw epug;Gtjhf
mike;Js;snjd;gij> ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt rk;Nksdk; Vw;wq;fPfupj;Js;sJ.
mgptpUj;jpf;Fs;s cupik vd;w tPr;nry;iyAs; rfy kdpj cupikfSk; mbg;gilr;
Rje;jpuq;fSk KOikahf va;jglf;$ba> cupikfis mDgtpg;gw;fhd epiyikfis
cUthf;Ftjd; gpujhd mk;rk;> nghWg;Gf;$wj;jf;f mikg;Gf;fis tpUj;jp nra;tjpNyNa
jq;fpapUf;fpd;wnjd;W ru;tNjr> jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt rk;Nksdk; ek;Gfpd;wJ.
mj;jifa mikg;Gf;fs;> jdp egUf;Fg; gupfhuq;fisAk; eptu;j;jpfisAk; toq;FtJld;
epy;yhJ ghypay; cupik kPwy;fSf;F toptFf;Fk; mjpfhuk;> eilKiwfs;> mu;j;jq;fs;
vd;gd njhlu;ghd ,aq;F Kiwfspy; rk;ge;jg;gLtJld; mtw;wpw;F miw$ty;tpLf;fTk;
Ntz;Lk;. Nrit toq;fy;> gupe;Jiug;G Kaw;rpfs; vd;gd njhlu;ghd cl;fpilfs; ,jpy;cz;L vd;gij ru;tNjr> jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt rk;Nksdk; Vw;wq;fPfupf;fpd;wJ.
vdNt

ghypay;cupikfisg;

gad;gLj;Jk;gb>

ru;tNjr>

jpl;lkplg;gl;lrk;Nksdk;, jdJ mq;fj;jtr; rq;fq;fis Cf;Ftpf;fpd;wJ. ru;tNjr>

ngw;whHJt

rk;Nksdk;;

gpufldk;>kupahij>

ghJfhg;G

ngw;whHJt

jpl;lkplg;gl;lvd;w<Lghl;ilxUq;fpizg;gjw;F ghypay; cupikfis xU topfhl;bahf mr;rq;fq;fs; gad;gLj;jp> jkJ
nraw;ghLfs; vy;yhtw;wpYk;> ghypay; cupikfis Kd;Ndw;w Ntz;Lk;@ mit jkJelg;Gf; nfhs;iffs;> %Nyhguq;fs;> epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fs; vd;gtw;wpy; ,ij kPs typAWj;jp>
Nkk;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp

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ghypay; cupikfs;: ru;tNjr> jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt rk;Nksdk; gpufldkhd,J> ghy; jd;ikf;F mbg;gil kdpj cupikfisg; gpuNahfj;ij tpsq;fpf;nfhs;tjw;fhd
xU rl;lfkhFk;. rk;Nksdj;jpd; $Wfs; ahTk;> ghypay; cupikfis Kd;Ndw;wp>
ghJfhf;Fk; jkJ nghWg;Gld; ,zq;fpr; nry;Yk; Kaw;rpahfTk; jkJ elg;Gf;nfhs;iffisAk; %Nyhghaq;fisAk; typAWj;jp Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhfTk;> ,r;rl;lfj;ijAk;
mjd; mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghLfisAk; jkJ nraw;ghLfspYk; NritfspYk; epfo;r;rpj;
jpl;lq;fspYk; xUq;fpizf;fyhk;.
ghypay; cupikfs; cl;gl> cyfshtpa> khw;w Kbahj> gpupf;f ,ayhj> kdpj cupikfs;
gw;wpa xU Nehf;fjpy; (Vision)> ru;tNjr> jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt rk;Nksdk;<LghLnfhz;Ls;sJ. ,Ug;gpDk; gpufldj;jpy; Nru;f;fg;gl;Ls;s jj;Jtq;fSk; cupikfSk;
ehl;Lg; gpd;dzpiag; nghWj;J> Neuk;> nraw;gLj;j Ntz;ba Kiw> vt;tsT J}uj;jpw;Fr;
nraw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;gtw;wpd; kPJ jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jyhk; vd;gij ru;tNjr>
jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt; rk;Nksdk; Vw;wq;fPfupf;fpd;wJ. mj;jifa epiyikfis
Vw;wq;fPfupj;jy;> mtw; wpw;Fg; nghWg;Gf;$wy; vd;gd gw;wp Fwpg;ghd nrad;Kiwfs;
Kd;itf;fg;gLk;.6

ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp

4

nghJj; jj;Jtq;fs;,g;gpufldj;jpy;>
mbg;gilahfTs;sxd;wpizf;fg;gl;Ls;sjj;Jtq;fs;
cl;gl>
rk;Nksdj;jpd; gzp> Nehf;F> tpOkpaq;fs; vd;gtw;wpy; mu;g;gzpg;Gila ikakhf rfy
mq;fj;jt rq;fq;fSk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkd> ru;tNjr> jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt rk;Nksdk;
vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;wJ.

ghypay;cupikfs;>gy;jd;ikAld;njhlu;Gw;w

kdpj

cupikfshFk; vd;w epiyapyike;j gpufldj;jpd; gFjpapy;> Fwpg;ghff; $wg;gl;Ls;sghypay;cupikfisg;

ghJfhf;Fk;$l;likg;gpd;$Wfspdhy;

tpUj;jpnra;ag;gl;lepfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fspYk; %Nyhghaq;fspYk; ,j;jj;Jtq;fs; ,lk;ngw Ntz;Lk;.

jj;Jtk; 1.
ghy; jd;ik vd;gJ> xt;nthU kdpjdpdJk; jdp Ms; epiyapd; mj;jpahtrpakhd
gFjpahFk;. ,f;fhuzq;fspdhy;> mgptpUj;jpr; nrad;Kiw apd; xUgFjpahf
xt;nthUtUk; jdJ ghypay; cupikfis mDgtpf;Fk; rhjfkhdnjhU #oy;cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
ghy; jd;ik vd;gJ> vy;yhr; r%fq;fspYKs;s xt;nthU kdpjdpdJk; jdpMs; epiyapd;
mj;jpahtrpakhd gFjpahFk;.
cs;sff; fhuzpfspdhYk; ntspaff; fhuzpfshYk;
NtWgLk; topfspy; jdp Ml;fs; jkJ ghy; jd;ikfis mDgtpf;ifapy;> ghy;
jd;ikAld; njhlu;Gw;w kdpj cupikfSk; mtw;wpd; ghJfhg;Gk; Kd;Ndw;wKk;> vq;nfq;Fk;
thOk; rfy kf;fspdJk; md;whl tho;tpd; xU gFjpahf mika Ntz;Lk;. midj;J
kdpju;fsJk; cs;shu;e;j Rje;jpuk;> nfsutk;> rkj;Jtk; vd;gtw;iw mbg;gilahff;nfhz;lcyfshtpa kdpj cupikfNs ghypay; cupikfshFk;.
ghypay;uPjpahd
RftPdKk;>
ghy;
jd;ikiambg;gilahff;nfhz;lrkj;Jtk;,d;ikfspdJk; xJf;Fjy;fspdJk; fhuzj;jhYk; tpisTfspdhYk; Njhd;WtNj tWik.
kdpj
cupikfis
mDgtpg;gjpYk;
mit
kWf;fg;gLtjpYk;>
mjd;
tfpgq;ifxw;wq;fPfupj;J Fwpg;ghfg; ghypay; cupikfspd;kPJ mJ Vw;gLj;Jk; jhf;fq;fis
Vw;wq;fPfupj;J> ,g;gpur;rpidfSf;Fk; tWikf;Fk; ,ilapYs;s ,ilj; njhlu;Gfis
epfo;r;rpahf;fk;> mZf Ntz;Lk;.
ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp

5rf];uj;jhz;L mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fs; vijNaDk; my;yJ epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; vijNaDk;
my;yJ rl;lq;fs; vijNaDk; eilKiwg;gLj;Jk;NghJ xg;Gutpd;ik8> rkj;Jtkpd;ik9>
ghy;epiy xg;Gutpd;ik10> ghy; epiy rkj;Jtkpd;ik11> jho;e;j cldyk; vd;gd
ifahsg;gl Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; ,yf;Ffs; cl;gl jha;ik rhu;e;jcldyj;ij Kd;Ndw;Wjy;> rpR kuzj;ijf; Fiwj;jy;> ghy;epiyr; rkj;Jtj;ij
Kd;Ndw;Wjy;>
vr;Itp/va;l;Rf;nfjpuhfg; NghuhLjy; vd;gd Nghd;wrf];uj;jhz;LmgptpUj;jp,yf;FfisAk;
va;Jjy;>ghypay;rhu;e;jcldy
NritfSf;fhd
cupikfisAk; cWjpg;gLj;JtjpNyNa Neubahfj; jq;fpapUf;Fk;.
ghypay;> ,dtpUj;jp cupikfs; gw;wpa gl;laj;jpw;fpzq;f> ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;lngw;whHJt rk;Nksdk;. mgptpUj;jpapd; ika mk;rkhfj; jdp MNs mikfpd;whd; vd;gij
cWjpg;gLj;JtJld;> nghUshjhu r%f> fyhr;rhu> murpay; mgptpUj;jpapd; nrad;Kiwapy;
nrayhu;tj;Jld; gq;Fgw;Wtjw;F xt;nthU jdp kdpjDk; rfy ghypay; cupikfisAk;
mDgtpf;Fk; tpjj;jpy;> rhjfkhd #o;epiyia cUthf;Ftjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk;
Vw;wq;fPfupf;fpd;wJ. vg;nghOJNk clYlDk; kdj;JlDk; murpaYlDk;> cldyj;JlDk;
r%fj;JlDk; rk;ge;jg; gl;Ls;s ghy;epiy> kdpj tho;tpdJk; r%f tho;tpdJk; Xu;
mk;rkhFk;.
ghypay; cupikfs;> fUj;jpay;> murpay; vd;gtw;wpd; kPJk; nrhe;j mbg;gil apYk;
cs;sf mbg;gilapdYk; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd. ghypay; cupikfs;> ntspg; ghl;Lf;$Wfs;> xUq;fpize;J nraw;gLk; $Wfs;> gq;Fgw;wYld; rk;ge;jg;gl;l $Wfs; vd;gtw;iw
cs;slf;fp> cly;
uPjpahd rPupa
epiyAlDk; Ra,iwikA lDk; Mo;e;jnjhlu;Gnfhz;Ls;sd. ghypay; cupikfis Vw;wq;fPfupj;J> mtw; wpw;F cj;juthjk;
toq;Ftjw;Fj; jd;id mu;g;gzpj;Js;s ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt rk;Nksdk; >,t;Tupikfis
kjpg;gjw;Fk;
ghJfhg;gjw;Fk;>
epiwNtw;Wtjw;Fk;,j;Jiwfs;
midj;jpdJk; ,f;$Wfs; midj;jpdJk; ftdk; mtrpak; vd;gij tpsq;fpf;nfhz;Ls;sJ.
,j;JiwfSk; $WfSk; kdpj nraw;ghl;bd;> jdpahu; - nghJ gug;Gf;fspD}lhfr; nraw;gLk;
tuyhw;W uPjpahd nrad;Kiwfspd; gFjpahFk;.

jj;Jtk; 2. gjpndl;L tajpw;Ff; Fiwe;jtu;fSf;nfd cj;jthjg;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;scupikfSk; ghJfhg;Gf;fSk; Kjpu;e;NjhUf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s itia tpl
NtWgl;litahFk;. mj;Jld; xt;nthU gps;isAk; jd;Dila rhu;gpy; cupikfisg;
gad;gLj;Jjy; njhlu;ghf cUthfptUk; Mw;wy;fs;> ftdj;jpw;nfLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl
Ntz;Lk;.
ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp

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gjpndl;L (18) taj;jpw;Ff; Fiwe;jtu;fSf;nfd cj;juthjg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s cupikfSk;
ghJfhg;Gf;fSk; ru;tNjrr; rl;lk; vd;w tifapYk; Njrpa rl;lk; vd;w

tifapYk; rpy Ntisfspy; Kjpe;Njhu;fspd; cupikfspypUe;J NtWgLtij ru;tNjr
jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whh;Jt rk;Nksdk; tpsq;fpf;nfhs;fpd;wJ. kdpj cupikfspd; rfy
mk;rq;fSlDk;> ,t;tpj;jpahrq;fs; njhlu;Ggl;Ls;sd. Mdhy;> ghypay; cupikfisg;
nghWj;jstpy;
tpNrrkhd
mZFKiwfs;
mtrpak;.
gjpndl;L(18)
tajpw;Ff;
Fiwe;jtu;fs;> cupikfisf;nfhz;ltu;fs;> Foe;ijg; gUtk;> gps;isg; gUtk;> Fkupg;
gUtk; (tsu;jy; gUtk;) vd;w fhyfl;lq;fSs; ntt;NtW re;ju;;gq;fspy; rpw;rpy
cupikfSk;
ghJfhg;Gf;fSk;>$banghUj;jg;ghl;ilmy;yJ
Fiwe;jnghUj;jg;ghl;ilf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; vd;w fUJNfhsp ypUe;Nj ru;tNjr> jpl;lkplg;gl;lngw;Nwhu; rk;Nksdk; Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ.
Foe;ijia newpg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; topfhl;Ltjw;Fk; ngw;Nwhiu my;yJ VidNahu;>
cupikfisg;
gps;isjdJ
rhu;gpy;jhdhfNt
gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fg;
ngw;Ws;sty;yikfisf;
ftdj;jpw;nfLf;fNtz;Lnkd;W
gps;isfspd;
cupikfs;
gw;wpa12rkthaj;jpd; cWg;Giu Ie;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. cUthfptUk; gps;isfspd; Mw;wy;
vd;w vz;zf;fU njhlu;ghf gps;isfs;> gpui[fshfTk; kf;fshfTk; mjpfupj;J tUk;
jd;dhl;rpAld;$ba cupj;Jila nrayhu;tk; kpf;f fhuzpfshtu; vd;gijAk; mNj Neuk;>
mtu;fSila trg;gLe;jd;ikf;fpzq;f> ghJfhg;gpw;F cupj;Jilatu;fshtu; vd;gijAk;
Vw;wq;fPfupg;gjw;Fk; ,ilapy; xU rkepiy fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk;. gps;isfSf;Fj; jPq;Ftpistpf;;ff;$ba nraw;ghLfspy; gq;Fgw;WtjpypUe;J ghJfhf;f Ntz;ba kl;lq;fs;>
mtu;fSila cUthfptUk; Mw;wYf;fikaf; Fiwe;J nry;Yk;.
mj;Jld; cUthfptUk; Mw;wy; vd;w jj;Jtk;> gps;isfSf;F kupahij> mtu;fspd;
nfsutk;> rfy tpjkhd jPq;FfspypUe;Jk; ghJfhf;fg;gLtjw;fhd cupj;J vd;gtw;iw,izj;J cs;slf;FtJld;> mtu;fSila ghJfhg;Gj; njhlu;ghf mtu;fspd; nrhe;jg;
gq;fspg;gpd; ngWkhdj;ijAk; Vw;wq;fPfupj;Js;sJ. gps;isfs; kpf;f gad;jUk; msT
ty;yikfis va;Jtjw;F cfe;j #oy;fisAk; gq;Fgw;wypy; mtu;fSila cs;shu;e;j
Mw;wYf;F mjpf kjpg;gspf;Fk; jd;ikiaAk; jk; nrhe;j tho;tpy; KbTfisr; nra;Ak;
nghWg;igAk; cUthf;f Ntz;Lk;.
gps;isfspd; cupikfSf;Fk; Vida Mu;tq;fSf;Fk; ,ilapYs;s ,ilj; njhlu;ig gy
gpujhd jj;Jtq;fs; Ms;fpd;wd. mtw;Wl; rpy gpd;tUkhW: cupikfis cilatu;fs;
vd;w tifapy; 18 tajpw;Fl;gl;Nlhiu Nehf;Fjy;@13 gps;isapd; kpfr; rpwe;j eyd;fs;@14
ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
rk;Nksdj;jpy;
MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 7
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

cUthfptUk; gps;isfspd; Mw;wy;fs;@15 ghugl;rkpd;idk16 nropg;Gk; ngw;W tho;tjw;F
Ntz;ba epiyikfis cWjpg; gLj;Jk; nghWg;Gk;17ghypay; cupikfspd; gpd;dzpapy; gps;is my;yJ FUkug; gUtj;jpdhpd; gUtj;jpdHfspd;
Gupe;Jzu;T> mtdJmtsJ nraw;ghLfs;> cly; my;yJ csuPjp ahf cldy epiyik>
ngw;NwhUld;
my;yJ
Mu;tKs;s
Vida
jug;gpdUldhd
njhlu;G>rk;ge;jg;gl;NlhUf;fpilapyhd mjpfhuj;njhlu;Gfs; rk;ge;jg;gl;l gpur;rpid apd; ,ay;G
vd;gd Nghd;w Fwpg;ghd #o;epiyfspy; Kjpu;r;rpAk; fupridAk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLjiyf;nfhz;L> ,e;jj;Jtq;fSf;Fj; jdp Ms;kl;Lg; gLj;jg;gl;l mZFKiw mtrpakhFk;.

jj;Jtk;3.
rfy
kdpj
ghugl;rkpd;ik mbg;gilahFk;.

cupikfspd;

ghJfhg;Gf;Fk;

Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;Fk;

rfy kdpj cupikfspd; ghJfhg;gpw;Fk; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;Fk;> ghugl;rkpd;ik vd;w rl;lfk;
mbg;gilahf mikfpd;wnjd;gij> ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt rk;Nksdk;
tpsq;fpf;nfhs;fpd;wJ.18 ghy;> 19 taJ>> ghy;epiy2>1 ghy;> epiy milahsk; 22 ghypay;
jpirKfg;gLj;jy;@23 tpthf epiy@ ajhu;j;jkhd my;yJ Rkj;jg;gl;l ghypay; tuyhW
my;yJ elj;ij@ ,dk;. epwk;@ ,dj;Jtk;@ nkhop@ rkak;@ murpay; my;yJ NtW
mgpg;gpuhaq;fs;@ Njrpa> Gtpapay; my;yJ r%fj; Njhw;wk;@ nrhj;J@ gpwg;G@cly;rhu;e;j my;yJ csk;rhu;e;j ,ayhik@ vr;Itp cl;gl cldy epiy@ Fbapay;>
murpay;> r%f my;yJ Vida me;j];Jf;fs; vd;w mbg;gilapy; murpay;> nghUshjhu>
r%f> fyhr;rhu> Fbapay; my;yJ NtW ve;jg; gug;gpNyh rfy kdpj cupikfSk;
mbg;gilahfr;
Rje;jpuq;fSk;
kw;wtu;fSld;
rkkhd
mbg;gilapy;
epyTtij
Vw;wq;fPfup;j;jiy> mDgtpj;jiy my;yJ gad;gLj;Jjiy eypTwr; nra;tij my;ynry;Ygbaw;wjhf;Ftij
Nehf;fkhf
my;yJ
jhf;fkhff;
nfhz;l24
vj;jifa
gf;fr;rhu;igNah>
tpyf;fp
itj;jiyNah
my;yJtiuaiwg;gLj;jiyNah,g;ghuhgl;rkpd;ikr; rl;lfk; jil nra;fpd;wJ.
ghy;, taJ> ghy;epiy> ghy; milahsk;>

ghypaw; jpirKfthf;fk;> tpthf me;j];Jajhu;j;jkhd my;yJ Rkj;jg;gl;l ghypay; tuyhW my;yJ elj;ij ghypaw; gof;fq;fs;
my;yJ ghypay; jpirKfthf;fk; ghypay; cldyr; Nritfs;> mfy;tpupthd ghy; jd;ikfy;tp> ghypay; td;Kiwf;fhd eptu;j;jp vd;gd Nghd;w ghypay; cupikfs; kWf;fg;gLjy;
vd;gd fhuzkhf> fyhr;rhu> nghUshjhu> murpay; my;yJ r%f cupikfSf;Fr; rkkw;w
Eiojpwid Vw;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; ghypay; cupikfs; vd;w Jiwapy; ghugl;rq;fs;
ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp

8

ntspg;gLj;jg;glyhk;. kw;wtu; fSld;
mDgtpj;jiy ,it eypTwr; nra;Ak;.

rkkhd

epiyapy;

xUtu;

jdJ

cupikfis

jkJ ghypay; cupikfis epiwNtw;wpf;nfhs;tjpy;> jdp Ml;fs; gy;NtW jilfis
mDgtpf;fpd;whu;fs;. gy;tifg;g;l jdp Ml;fs; kw;wtu;fSld; rkkhd tpjj;jpy; jkJ
mbg;gil cupikfisAk; Rje;jpuq;fisAk; mDgtpf;f Ntz;LNkahdhy; ,j;jilfis
ePf;Ftjw;Fcz;ikahd
rkj;Jtk;
epyt
Ntz;Lk;.
,e;epiyia
vl;Ltjhapd;
Xuq;fl;lg;gl;l FOf;fs; kPJk; Fd;wpa Nritfisg; ngWk; FOf;fs; kPJk; tpNrrkhd
ftdQ; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

jj;Jtk; 4. ,dtpUj;jp nra;a Ntz;Lnkd xUtu; tpUk;gpdhNyh> tpUk;ghtpl;lhNyh ghy; jd;ikAk; mjD}lhfg; ngwg;gLk; ,d;gKk; kdpjdhf ,Ug;gjw;F
kj;jpa mk;rkhf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.
ghypay;rhu;e;j cldyk;> tho;ehs; KOtJk; ePbf;Fk; xd;whFk;. Vwj;jho rfy ,dtpUj;jp
KbTfspYk; ghy; jd;ik ,d;wpaikahjnjhU fhuzpahFk;. ,Ug;gpDk; xUtu; ,dtpUj;jp
nra;a tpUk;gpdhNyh> tpUk;ghtpl;lhNyh ,J kdpjdhf ,Ug;gjw;F kj;jpa mk;rkhf
tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.
jdp Ml;fs; jkJ ,dtpUj;jp Mu;tq;fisj; jpUg;jp nra;Jnfhs;tjw;F kl;LNk ghy;jd;ikxU
rhjdnkd;W$w
KbahJ.
,dg;ngUf;fkpd;wpg;
ghy;jd;ikiamDgtpg;gijAk; ,d;GWtijAk; ghy; jd;ikapd;wp ,dtpUj;jpiaAk; ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk;.
tuyhw;W uPjpahfTk; ,g;nghOJk; ,j;jifa cUj;J kWf;fg;gl;ltu;fs; njhlu;ghf tpNrr
ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
,d;gkhd ghy; jd;ikia ehLtjw;fhf epiyikfSf;F vy;NyhUf;Fk; cupj;J cz;L.25,d;gk;> jdp Ms; jd;dhl;rpiaAk; cwTKiwj; jd;dhl;rpiaAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ.
ghy; jd;ik gw;wpa murhq;ff; nfhs;iffs;> cldyr; Nritfs;> fl;lhag;gLj;jy;
td;Kiw vd;gtw;wpypUe; tpLjiy> ePjpg; gpur;rpidfs; njhlu;ghf> mwnewpg; gug;nghd;wpd;
tpUj;jp> rkj;Jtk;> Rje;jpuk; vd;gd ,Uj;jy; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,d;gk; vd;gJ
ghy;
jd;ikapd;,ay;ghdXu;mk;rk;
vd;gjdhy;>
mij
miltjw;Fk;>
ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; mij vg;nghOJ mDgtpg;gnjd;gij epr;rag;gLj;Jtjw;Fkhd
cupik vtUf;Fk; kWf;fg;glyhfhJ.

ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp

9jj;Jtk; 5. vy;NyhUf;Fk; ghypay; cupikfs; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy;>
Rje;jpuj;ij mq;fPfupj;jYk; jPq;fpypUe;J ghJfhg;Gk; cs;slq;Fk;.
rfy tpjkhd td;nray;fspypUe;Jk; NfLfspypUe;Jk; ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;ba cupikAk;
mtw;wpw;nfjpuhf cjtpia ehLk; cupikAk;> ghypay; cupikfspd;
mbg;gilahf cs;sd.26 cly;> thu;j;ijfs;> csk;> nghUshjhuk; ghypay; td;nray;fSk;
J\;gpuNahfq;fSk;
ghy;@
taJ@
ghy;epiy@ghy;milahsk;@ghypay;jpirKfthf;fk;@ tpthf me;j];J@ ajhu;j;jkhd my;yJ Rkj;jg;gl;l ghypay; tuyhW
my;yJ elj;ij@ ghypaw; gof;fq;fs;> my;yJ mtu;fs; jkJ ghy; epiyia
ntspg;gLj;jy; vd;gd fhuzkhf jdp Ml;fSf;nfjpuhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; td;KiwfSk;
ghy; jd;ikAld; njhlu;Gw;w jPq;FfSs; mlq;Fk;.
rfy tpjkhd Ruz;ly;fSf;Fk; vjpuhf tpNrr ghJfhg;igg; ngWk; cupik rfy
gps;isfSf;Fk; Fkupg;gUtj;jpdUf;Fk; cz;L.27 ghypay; Ruz;ly;> gps;is tpgr;rhuk;>rfy tifahd ghypaw; J\;gpuNahfq;fs;> ghypay; nraw;ghl;by; mt;tpj ghypay;
gof;fq;fspy;<LgLk;gb
gps;isiaf;
fl;lhag;gLj;Jjy;cl;gltd;nray;fSk;njhe;juTfsk; ,opthd nraw;ghLfspYk; ,yf;fpaj;jpYk; gps;isfisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;
vd;gtw;wpypUe;J ghJfhj;jy; ,jpy; mlq;Fk;.

jj;Jtk; 6.
kw;wtu;fspd; cupikfSf;Fk; Rje;jpuq;fSf;Fk; nfhLf;f Ntz;ba
mq;fPfupg;igAk; kupahijiaAk; ghJfhg;gjw;;fhfTk; [dehaf r%fnkhd;wpd; nghJ
eyDf;fhfTk; rl;lj;jpdhy; epu;zapf;fg;gLk; tiuaiw fSf;Fk; ghypay; cupikfs;
cl;gl;ldthf ,Uf;Fk;.
Vida kdpj cupikfisg; Nghd;W> ghypay; cupikfSk; kw;wtu;fspd; cupik fSf;Fk;
Rje;jpuq;fSf;Fk; nfhLf;f Ntz;ba mq;fPfupg;igAk; kupahijiaAk; ghJfhg;gjw;fhfTk;[dehafr%fnkhd;wpd;
NghJ
eyDf;fhfTk;28
rl;lj;;jpdhy;
epu;zapf;fg;gLk;
tiuaiwfSf;Fk; kdpj cupikfs; rl;lj;jpd; gpufhuk;> nghJ kf;fspd; cldyk;> nghJ
xOq;F vd;gd njhlu;ghf epu;zapf;fg;gLk; tiuaiw fSf;FNk Vida kdpj
cupikfisg;Nghy
ghypay;cupikfSk;
cl;gl;ldthf,Uf;Fk;.29,j;jifatiuaiwfs;> ghugl;rkw;wdthfTk; mtrpakhditahfTk; rl;luPjpahd xU Fwpf;Nfhis
vl;Ltjw;F
Ntz;bamstpy;
mike;jdthfTk;,Uj;jy;Ntz;Lk;.
jdpg;gl;leyd;fSf;Fk; r%f eyd;fSf;Fk; ,ilapYs;s ,af;fj; njhlu;Gfs; gw;wpa tpopg;Gzu;T>Nehf;Ffspy; fhzg;gLk; gd;ikj; jd;ikia Vw;wq;fPfupj;jy;> rkj;Jtk;> nfsutk;> fUj;J
ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 10

NtWghLfSf;Fkupahij
topelj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.30

vd;gtw;wpdhNyNa

ghypay;cupikfis

mDgtpj;jy;

jj;Jtk; 7. kjpj;jy;> ghJfhj;jy;> epiwNtw;Wjy; vd;w flg;ghLfs;> rfy ghypay;
cupikfSf;Fk; Rje;jpuq;fSf;Fk; nghUe;Jk;
ghypay; cupikfSk; Rje;jpuq;fSk; ika rl;lj; Njitfisak; mj;Njitfis
Vida
kdpj
epiwNtw;Wtw;fhd
topfismZFjiyAk;
cs;slf;Fk;31.
cupikfisg;Nghd;W> muRf;fSf;F %d;W kl;lq;fspy; flg;ghLfs; cz;L. midtupdJk;
ghypay; cupikfis kjpj;J elj;jy;> ghJfhj;jy; epiwNtw;Wjy; 32
kupahij nfhLf;Fk; flg;ghl;il epiwNtw;w Ntz;LNkahdhy; Fwpg;gpl;l Xu; cupikia
mDgtpj;jy;
njhlu;ghf
NeubahfNth>kiwKfkhfNthjiyapLtij
muRf;fs;
jtpu;j;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,r;re;ju;g;gj;jpy; mt;Tupikfs;> ghypay; cupikfshFk;.
ghJfhg;G mspf;Fk; flg;ghl;il epiwNtw;w Ntz;LNkahdhy; kdpj cupikfs; njhlu;ghd
cj;juthjq;fSld;> %d;whe; jug;gpdu; jiyapL tijj;jLf;Fk; tpjkhf muRf;fs;
eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. epiw Ntw;Wtjw;fhd flg;ghl;ilg; G+u;j;jpnra;a
Ntz;LNkahdhy;> cupikia Kw;whf vl;L tjw;F Ntz;ba nghUj;jkhd rl;lthf;f
epu;thf
tuTnryTj;jpl;lePjprhu;
Kd;Ndw;wk;rhu;
eltbf;iffisAk;
Vida
eltbf;iffisAk; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.33
jj;jk; vy;iyfSf;FSk; kdpj cupikfis kjpj;J> ghJfhj;J> epiwNtw;Wk; gpujhd
flik muRf;fisr; rhu;e;jjhf ,Uf;Fk;. mNjNtis Fbapay; r%fj;jpy; cs;srk;ge;jg;gl;lVidNahupdJk;
Vida
epWtdq;fspdJk;
nray;fSk;>
nra;aj;jtwpaitfSk; ghypay; cupikfis mDgtpg;gjpy; jhf;fq;fis Vw;gLj;JNkahdhy; mj;jifNahUk; mj;jifa epWtdq;fSk; nghWg;Gf; $Wgtu;fs;. nghWg;Gf;$Wgitfshf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. NtW muRf;fs;> ehl;bd; vy;iyf;fg; ghYs;s FOf;fs;>cjtpAk; mgptpUj;jp MjuTfSk; vd;gtw;Wf;$lhfr; nraw;gLk; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fs;>
ghJfhg;G mikg;Gf;fs;> NtWk; xg;ge;jq;fs;> tu;j;jf FOf;fs;> ,yhgk; fUjhf; FOf;fs;>
rkaf; FOf;fs; vd;gitAk; jdp Ml;fSk; ,jpy; mlq;Fthu;fs;.

ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 11

MfNt muRf;fs;> ghypay; cupikfis kPWtij my;yJ xUtupd; ghypay; cupikfspw;
jiyapLtijj;
jtpu;j;Jf;nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;@%d;whk;jug;gpduhy;
mt;Tupikfs;
kPwg;gLtjpypUe;Jk; jiyaPL nra;ag;gLtjpypUe;Jk; mt;Tupik fisg; ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk;.
gaDWjptha;e;j> gq;Fgw;wy; rhu;e;j> nghWg;Gf;$wj; jf;f epWtdq;fis cUthf;Fjy;
cl;gl> rhu;ghd nray;fisAk; eltbf;if fisAk; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ghypay;
cupikfis vl;Ltjw;F Ntz;ba tsq;fis xJf;f Ntz;Lk;.
ghypay; cupikfis kjpj;jy;> ghJfhj;jy;> epiwNtw;Wjy; vd;gd njhlu;ghf rfy
mq;fj;Jt rq;fq;fSk; jkJ gq;fspg;ig toq;Ftjw;F Ntz;ba cw;rhfj;ijAk;
cjtpiaAk;> jdJ Mw;wy;fSf;Fl;gl;l mstpy; toq;Ftjw;Fk; rl;lthf;fk;> epu;thfk;>
tuTnryTj;jpl;lk;> Vida nfhs;iffs;> eilKiwfs; vd;gd njhlu; ghd mk;rq;fspdJk;
ghypay; cupikfis kjpg;gjw;Fk; ghJfhg;gjw;Fk; epiw Ntw;Wtjw;Fk; Njitahd
gupe;Jiufis> muRf;fSf;Fk; rk;ge;jg;gl;l Vida jhgdq;fSf;Fk; jdpg;gl;NlhUf;Fk;
toq;Ftjw;Fk; ru;tNjr> jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt rk;Nksdk;jd;id mu;g;gzpj;Js;sJ.

ghypay; cupikfs;> ghy; jd;ikAld; njhlu;Ggl;l kdpj cupikfshFk;.
ghypay; cupikfs;> kdpj cupikfshFk; vd;gij ru;tNjr> jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
rk;Nksdk; cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. rfy kf;fsJk; Rje;jpuk;> rkj;Jtk;> jiyaplh epiy>
jd;dhl;rp> Neu;ik> nfsutk;> vd;gd njhlu;ghd cupikfspypUe;Jk; ntsptUk; ghy;
jd;ikAld; njhlu;Gw;w xU njhFjp cupj;Jf;fis cs;slf;fpajhf ghypay; cupikfs;
mike;Js;sd. gy ru;tNjr rhjdq;fs;> epakq;fs;> juq;fs; vd;gd ghy; jd;ikAld;
njhlu;Ggl;l Kf;fpa jj;Jtq;fis Vw;wq;fPfupf;fpd;wd. epytp tUk; kdpj cupikfs; ghy;
jd;ikf;Fg;
gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;NghJ
cUthFk;Fwpg;ghd
epakq;fNs
ghypay;cupikfshFk;. ghypay; cupikfs;> Fwpg;ghd milahsq;fisg; ghJfhf;fpd;wd. Mdhy;,jw;fg;ghYk; nrd;W ghugl;rkw;w xU rl;lfj;jpDs; kw;iwNahupd; cupikfSf;Fj; jFe;jkjpg;Gf;nfhLj;J> jkJ ghy; jd;ikia epiwNtw;Wtjw;Fk; ntspg;gLj;J tjw;Fk;
mDkjpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;w midj;J kf;fsJk; cupikia ,J ghJfhf;fpd;wJ.
gpd;tUk; ghypay; cupikfs;> ed;F epWtg;gl;l mbg;gil kdpj cupikfs; gw;wpa
jj;Jtq;fis kdpjg; ghy; jd;ik vd;w gug;gpYk; gpuNahfpf;fpd;wd. ,j;jifa ,ay;Gfs;
gioadthfNth mz;ikf; fhyq;fSf;FupadthfNth ,Ue;jhYk;> ,tw;wpd; gpuNahfk;>
twpa> Xuq;fl;lg;gl;l> r%fuPjpahf tpyf;fp itf;fg;gl;l> Fd;wpa mstpy; Nritfisg;
ngWNthUf;Ff; Fwpg;ghf Kf;fpaj;JtKilajhFk;.

ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 12rfy kdpj cupikfspdJk; cyfshtpa jd;ik> ,ilj;njhlu;Gj; jd;ik> xd;wd;
kPnjhd;W rhu;e;jpUf;Fk; jd;ik> gpupf;f Kbahj jd;ik vd;gtw;iw ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;lngw;whHJt rk;Nksdk; cWjpg;gLj;Jnkd;w mNjNtis> ,g;gpufldj;jpy; gpd;tUk; ghypay;
cupikfs; Nru;f;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; xOq;F Fwpg;gpl;l xU gbKiw cau;itf;nfhz;Ls;sJ
vd;w cl;fpiliaf; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy vd;Wk; fUJfpd;wJ. gpd;tUk; cWg;Giufisr;
nraw;gLj;Jjy;> mtw;wpw;F Kd;du; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s nghJj;jj;Jtq;fspdhy; Nghrpf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk;.

cWg;Giu 1. rkj;Jtk;> rkkhd rl;lg; ghJfhg;G> ghy; my;yJ ghy; jd;ik my;yJ
ghy;epiy vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; mikAk; rfy tpjkhd ghugl;rq;fspUe;Jk;
tpLjiykf;fs; midtUk; Rje;jpukhfg; gpwf;fpd;whu;fs;. nfsutk;> cupikfs;34
rkkhdtu;fs;. mj;Jld; ghy; jd;ik my;yJ ghy; my;yJ ghy;epiy36
mbg;gilapyike;j ghugl;rq;fSf;nfjpuhf mtu;fs; rl;lj;jpd; rkkhd
mDgtpf;f Ntz;Lk;.35•

vd;gtw;wpy;
vd;gtw;wpd;
ghJfhg;ig

murpdhy; toq;fg;gl;l KO cupikfisAk; mDgtpg;gjw;fhd #o;epiyAk; mtw;iw
mZfpg; ngWtjpy; rkj;Jtk; epyTk; #o;epiyAk; cz;nld;gJ midtUf;Fk;
cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ngz;fs; my;yJ Mz;fspd; khjpup thu;g;G uPjpahd
tfpgq;if> my;yJ ghy;> ghy; epiyfs; my;yJ ghy;epiy ntspg;ghLfis
mbg;gilahff;nfhz;l r%f> fyhr;rhug; gof;f tof;fq;fisj; jpUj;jp mikg;gij
Nkk;gLj;Jtw;fhf muRf;fSk; Fbapaw; r%fKk; eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;.

•ve;jNthu; fhuzk; fUjpAk; ghugl;rk; fhl;lg;glhky;> njhopy;> fy;tp> cldyk;>
r%fg; ghJfhg;G vd;gd njhlu;ghd cupikfSk; Vida nghUshjhu> r%ffyhr;rhu cupikfSk; mtw;iw vl;Ltjw;F mtrpakhd trjpfs;> gz;lq;fs;>
Nritfs; njhlu;ghd cupikfSk; midtUf;Fk; cz;L.

•

midtUf;Fk; rl;l ,aysTk; me;j ,aysitg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhf mNj msT
re;ju;g;gq;fSk; xg;ge;jq;fisr; nra;tjw;Fk; Mjdq;fis epu;tfpg;gjw;Fk; rkkhd
cupikfSk; cUthfptUk; gps;isapd; Mw;wYf;F cupa ftdQ;nrYj;jp ePjp
kd;wq;fspdJk; Kiwkd;WfspdJk; rfy eilKiwf; fl;lq;fspYk; rkkhf
elj;jg;gLtjw;Fk; cupikfs; cz;L.

ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 13

•MLl;fspd; ,aq;Fk; jd;ik gw;wpa rl;lk; njhlu;ghfTk; tho;tplj;ijj; njupTnra;Jmq;F njhlu;e;J thOk; Rje;jpuk; njhlu;ghfTk;
midtUf;Fk; mNj cupikfs; cz;L.

vJtpjg;ghu

gl;rKkpd;wp

cWg;Giu 2. ghy;> ghy; jd;ik my;yJ ghy; epiy vd;git vg;gb apUg;gpDk;
gq;Fgw;Wk; cupik midtUf;Fk; cz;L.
gpuNjr> Njrpa> gpuhe;jpa> ru;tNjr kl;lq;fspy; kdpj tho;tpd; Fbapay;> nghUshjhu>
r%f>fyhr;rhu>
murpay;mk;rq;fspy;
nrayhu;tj;JlDk;
RahjPdkhfTk;
mu;j;jG+u;tkhfTk; gq;Fgw;Wtjw;Fk; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;tjw;Fk; cjTfpd;w #o;epiyia
mDgtpg;gjw;F rfy kf;fSf;Fk; cupj;Jz;L. ,jd; tpUj;jpapd; %yk; kdpj cupikfSk;
mbg;gilr; Rje;jpuq;fSk; vl;lg;glyhk;37•

ghy;epiy> ghypay; gw;wpa fUj;Jf;fspd; mbg;gilapy; kf;fs; gq;F gw;Wtij
tpyf;Fk; my;yJ fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; tpthfj; jifikfs;> vr;.I.tp epge;jidfs;39
my;yJ ghugl;rkhd ghy;epiy epajpfs;> khjpupthu;g;Gf;fs;> jg;ngz;zq;fs; Nghd;w
Kiwrhu; my;yJ Kiwrhuhh jilfspd;wp> jkJ ghypay;> ,dtpUj;jp> cldyk;
cl;gl
jkJ
eyid38epu;zapf;Fk;
nfhs;iffis
tpUj;jpnra;tjpYk;
eilKiwg;gLj;JtjpYk; gq;Fgw;Wtjw;F rfyUf;Fk; cupj;J cz;L.

•ngUk;ghYk; tpyf;fp itf;ffg;gLk; ,isNahu; r%fq;fspy; khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj; Jk;nrad;Kiwfspy;> gq;Fgw;Weu;fshtjw;Fk; Mjuthsu;fshfTk; ,aq;Fk; cupikiag;
ngWthu;fs;. ghypay; cupikfisAk; ,dtpUj;jp cldy cupikfisAk;40
ghJfhg;gjw;Fk; Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;Fk; epiwNtw;W tjw;Fk; Ntz;ba nfhs;iffisAk;
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fisAk; tpUj;jpnra;t jw;Fg; gq;fspg;gjw;Fk; nghWg;Gf;fisg;
gfpu;e;Jnfhs;tjw;Fk;> ,jdhy; mu;j;jG+u;tkhd topfs; jpwf;fg;gLk;.

•

vt;tbg;gilapYk;

ghugl;rkpd;wpmurhq;fk;

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flikfisepiwNtw;Wjy; vd;gd cl;gl rfyUk; gq;Fgw;wyhk;.
•

gq;Fgw;WjYf;Fehl;ilmbg;gilahf

tpl;Lr;nrd;Wru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rfyUk;

jpUk;gp

elkhLk;tUtjw;Fk;rk;Nksdj;jpy;

cupikiaAk;
mj;jifajkJ

nrhe;jelkhl;lj;ijAk;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 14

gpuahzj;ijAk; rhj;jpag;gLj;Jk; Mtzq;fSf;Fr;vt;tpjg; ghugl;rKkpd;wpr; rfyUk; ngWtu;.41

cWg;Giu 3. tho;T>njhlu;ghd cupikfs;

Rje;jpuk;>

Mspd;

ghJfhg;G>

rkkhd

cly;

Eiojpwid

KOikg;ghL

Ak;

vd;gd

vy;yhr; re;ju;g;gq;fspYk;> tho;T> Rje;jpuk;44 vd;gtw;wpw;F vy;NyhUf;Fk; cupik fSz;L.
rpj;jputij> nfh^uk;> kdpjhgpkhdkw;w> ,opthd tpjj;jpy; elj;Jjy; vd;gtw;wpypUe;J
RahjPdkhf ,Uj;jy;> tpNrrkhf ve;jtpj ghugl;rKkpd;wp RahjPdkhf ,Uj;jy;. jkJ ghy;
jd;ikia td;Kiw my;yJ fl;lhak; vd;gtw;wpypUe;J tpLgl;L> mDgtpf;Fk; cupik>
vy;yh re;ju;g;gq;fspYk; cz;L.
•

tho;T>

cly;

KOikg;ghL44

vd;gtw;wpw;Fvy;NyhUf;Fk;

cupik

FLk;gj;jpd; nfsutj;ijg; gopthq;Ftjw;fhf45 ,e;j cupikfs;
Fs;shf;fg;gl khl;lh@ my;yJ Mgj;jpw;Fs;shf;fg;gl khl;lh.
•

cz;L.

xU

mr;RWj;jYf;

ve;j xUtUk; ePjprhu;e;j my;yJ ePjpKiwf;Fg; Gwk;ghd nfhiyf;F Mshf;fg;gl
khl;lhu;. jdJ ghypay; tuyhW my;yJ elj;ij> ghy;epiy milahsk; my;yJ
ntspg;ghL vd;gtw;wpw;fhf ePjprhu;e;j my;yJ ePjp Kiwf;Fg; Gwk;ghd cly;
jz;lidfSf;F Mshf;fg;gl khl;lhu;fs;.46•

ve;jnthU cly; epiyik my;yJ cs epiyik fhuzkhfNth> my;yJ mtu;
Rkf;Fk; fU capupd;kPJ VidNahu; itf;Fk; Nghl;b ngWkhdj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;
itj;jpau; rpfpr;ir kWf;fg;gLtjd; tpisthfNth ve;jnthU ngz;zpd; tho;T
my;yJ cldyk; Mgj;jpw;Fl;gLj;jg;gl khl;lhJ.

•

jdJ

ghy;

jd;ikiag;

gad;gLj;jpajd;

tpisthfve;jnthU

ngz;Zk;fl;lhag;gLj;jg;gl;l jha;ikf;Fs; js;sg;gl KbahJ.
•ngz;

gpwg;GWg;Gf;fs;

Jz;bf;fg;gLjy;

fl;lhag;gLj;jg;gl;lmy;yJ,staJ>

tpthfk; vd;gd cl;gl> NfL tpistpf;Fk; rkag;gof;f tof;fq;fspypUe;J tpLgLk;
cupik vy;NyhUf;Fk; cz;L.47
ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
rk;Nksdj;jpy;
MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 15
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

•

rfy tbtq;fspYk; mike;J> cly; uPjpahd> nrhy;uPjpahd> cstpay; uPjpahd
my;yJ nghUshjhug; gopj;Jiu vd;gd cl;gl> td;Kiwfsp ypUe;Jk; ghypay;
njhe;juT my;yJ ghypay; td;Kiw> fw;gopg;G my;yJ tpthfj;jpw;Fs;Nsh>tpfhj;jpw;F ntspapNyh vj;jifa gyhj;fhug; ghy; eltbf;iffspypUe;Jk; MAjk;
Ve;jpa Nkhjy;fspd; NghNjh> jLg;Gf; fhtypy; itf;fg;gLk; NghNj> mt;wwpypUe;Jk;
tpLgl;L thOk; cupik ahtUf;Fk; cz;L.

•

rfy

ghy;fisAk;

Nru;e;jtpgr;rhupfs;48

my;yJ

tpthfj;jpw;F

ntspapy;cz;ikahd my;yJ Fw;wr;rhl;lg;gl;l ghypay; nraw;ghl;lhsu;fs; cl;gl> ghy;>
ghy; jd;ik my;yJ ghy;epiy vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; Vw;gLj;jg; gl;l Fiw>
ghugl;rk; fhuzkhf Vw;glf;$ba td;Kiwrhu;e;j mghaq;fsp ypUe;J tpLgl;L
thOk; cupik ahtUf;Fk; cz;L.
•

jd;dpr;irahfj; jLj;J itf;fg;gLjy;> ,zf;fe;njuptpf;fg;gl;l ghw; nraw; ghLfs;
rk;ge;jkhf> Jy;ypakw;w> ed;F tiuaWf;fg;glhj Fw;w Vw;ghLfis kPwpaikf;fhf>
jd;dpr;irahf my;yJ ghugl;rkhd jil eltbf;iffSf;F vtUk; ghj;jpukhf
khl;lhu;fs;.49•

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gof;fq;fs;

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ve;jxUtupdJk; ghypaw; Nju;Tfs; gof;fq;fs; my;yJ ntspg;ghLfs;> td;nra Yf;fhd>
J\;gpuNahfj;jpw;fhd
my;yJnjhe;juTf;fhd
jz;lidiaf;
Fiwf;fNth50
epahag;gLj;jNth kd;dpf;fNth KbahJ.
•

Fwpg;ghf,isNahUk;

ngz;fSk;ghy;khwpNahUkhd>,lk;ngau;e;jrfyUk;>,lk;ngau;e;j Copau;fSk;> jhk; njhopy; Gupe;J thOk; ehLfspy;> jkJ ghypay;
ghy;epiy ntspg;ghLfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l> cly; uPjpahd jPq;Ffs;>
td;nray;fs;> J\;gpuNahfq;fs; vd;gtw;wpw;nfjpuhfj; jk;ikg; ghJfhj;Jf;nfhs;Sk;
topfisAk; ghypay;rhu;e;j jkJ cldyk;> cupikfs; vd;gtw;iwg; ghJfhg;gjw;Fk;
epiwNtw;Wtjw;Fkhd topfisAk; mZff; $bajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
•

murpd; nraypdhy; Njhd;Wk; Jd;GWj;jy;> my;yJ ghy;> ghy;epiy> ghy; epiymilahsk;> ghypay; tuyhW my;yJ elj;ij my;yJ ghypay; jpir Kfthf;fk;>
my;yJ vr;.I.tp. epiy52 vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; ghuJ}ukhd J\;gpuNahfj;
jpypUe;J51
xUtiug;ghJfhg;gjw;Fg;
NghjpamsT
eltbf;
iffis
ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
rk;Nksdj;jpy;
MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 16
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

Nkw;nfhs;sj;jtWjy; Nghd;wit cl;gl Jd;GWj;jypdhy;
mDgtpf;Fk; cupik xt;nthUtUf;Fk; cz;L.
•Gfyplk;ehb>

mijghy;> ghy;epiy> ghy;epiy milahsk;> ghypay; tuyhW my;yJ elj;ij my;yJ
ghypaw; jpirKfthf;fk; my;yJ vr;.I.tp epiy53 vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy;
Jd;GWj;jiyvjpu;Nehf;fNtz;bNeuyhFnkd;W
ed;F
mwpe;jjhy;
gPjp
nfhz;Ls;stiu NtnwhU ehl;bw;F mfw;Wjy; jd; ehl;b ypUe;J Xb te;jtiu
mtuJ nrhe;j ehl;bw;F mDg;Gjy;> ehl;bypUe;J ntspNaw;Wjy; my;yJ
mr;RWj;Jjy; vd;gtw;wpypUe;J midtUk; Rje;jpukhf ,Uf;fyhk;.

cWg;Giu 4. jiyaplh epiyf;F cupik
jiyaplh epiy> FLk;gk;> ,y;yk;> Mtzq;fs; my;yJ fbjq;fs;54 vd;gtw;wpy;
jd;dpr;irahd jiyaPLfSf;Fg; ghj;jpukhfhkypUf;Fk; cupik midtUf;Fk; cz;L.
mj;Jld; ghypay; jd;dhl;rpia mDgtpg;gjw;F mj;jpahtrpakhd jiy aplh epiyiag;
ngWk; cupikAk; vy;NyhUf;Fk; cz;L.
•

midtUk; ghypay; jd;dhl;rpf;F cupj;Jilatu;fshthu;fs;. mj;Jld; jkJ ghy;
jd;ik> ghypay; elj;ij> vd;gtw;wpy; jd;dpr;irahf vtUk; jiyiaplhky; jhNd
KbTfisr; nra;Ak; cupj;Jk; vy;NyhUf;Fk; cz;L.

•jkJ

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ftdpg;G>itj;jpag;

gjpTfs;njhlu;ghf

me;juq;fj;jd;ik Ngzg;gLtjw;Fk; jdJ vr;.I.tp. epiy gw;wpa jfty; fisg;
ghJfhg;gjw;Fk;> jd;dpr;irahf mtw;iw ntspapLjy;> my;yJ jd;dpr;irahf
mtw;iw ntspapLtJ gw;wp mr;RWj;jy; vd;gtw;wpypUe;J ghJfhf;fg;gLtjw;Fk;>vt;tpjg; ghugl;rKkpd;wpg; nghJthf mDkjpf;ff;$ba tiuaiwfis cs;slf;fpa
rl;lfj;jpDs;> midtUf;Fk; cupik cz;L.55•

jkJ ghypaw; njupTfs;> ghypay; tuyhW> ghypay; Jiztu;fs;> elj;ij fs;> ghy;
jd;ikAld; njhlu;Gw;w NtW tp\aq;fs; gw;wpa jfty;fis ntspaplg;gLtijf;
fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; cupik midtUf;Fk; cz;L.

cupg;Giu 5. MSf;Fupa (nrhe;j) jd;dhl;rp> rl;lj;jpd;Kd; mq;fPfhuk; njhlu;ghd
cupik
ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 17

rl;lj;jpd; Kd; mq;fPfupf;fg;gLjy;> ghypay; Rje;jpuk; vd;git gw;wpa cupik
midtUf;Fk; cz;L. ghugl;rkw;w xU rl;lfj;jpDSk; kw;wtu;fspd; cupik fSf;Fk;cUthfptUk; gps;isfspd; Mw;wYf;Fk; cupa gjpg;Gf;nfhLj;Jk; jk; ghy; jd;ik> jkJ
ghypay; Jiztu;fisj; njupT nra;jy;> jk; cs;shu;e;j ghypaiyAk; ,d;gj;ijAk; ehb
mDgtpj;jy; Nghd;w tpraq;fis gw;wp jdp Ml;fs; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; mit gw;wpr
RahjPdkhf KbTfisr; nra;tjw;Fk; re;ju;g;gq;fs; vd;gd NkNy $wpa cupikapy;
mlq;Fk;.
•ve;jnthU mbg;gilapNyDk; ghugl;rkpd;wp rl;lj;jpd; Kd; Xu; jdp Ms; vd;w
tpjj;jpy; vq;Fk; mq;fPfupf;fg;gLk; cupik midtUf;Fk; cz;L.

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rfy cupikfisAk; rfy Rje;jpuq;fisAk; rkkhf va;jf; $baJkhd r%f>
murpay;> nghUshjhu epiyikfs; fhzg;gLk; #oypDs; jd;dhl;rpAs;sJk;
njhlu;GuPjpahdJKhd ghypay; gof;fq;fisAk; xOf;fj; ijAk; ifahs;tjw;FmidtUf;Fk; Rje;jpuk; cz;L.

•,zf;fj;Jld; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; ghypay; njhlu;Gfis my;yJ gof;fq; fisjd;dpr;irahff; Fw;w ,ay;Gs;sjhf;Fk; rl;lq;fSf;F vtUk; cl;gLj; jg;gl
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mbg;gilapy; ifJ nra;ag;glNth> jLj;Jitf;fg;gl Nth KbahJ.

•

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flj;jpr;nry;yg;gLk;

Fw;wj;Jld;rk;ge;jg;gl;l

NfLfspypUe;J tpLgl;Lr; Rje;jpuj;ij midtUk; mDgtpf;fyhk;.58•

jhdhf Kd;te;J cld;glhj itj;jpa Muha;r;rpfSf;F my;yJ eilKiw fSf;FvtUk; cl;gLj;jg;glyhfhJ. ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ghypay; ntspg;ghL> ghypay; jpir
Kfthf;fk;> ghypay; tuyhW my;yJ elj;ij> ajhu;j;jkhd my;yJ Rkj;jg;gl;lru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
rk;Nksdj;jpy;
MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 18
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

my;yJ ghy;epiy milahsk; my;yJ ntspg;ghL vd;w fhuzq;fisf; nfhz;L
vtUk; fl;lha itj;jpag; gupNrhjidf;Nfh jd;dpr;irahd tpjj;jpy; itj;jpa
uPjpahf milj;J itf;fg;gLjYf;Nfh Mshf;fg;glshfhJ.

•

jk;Kila ghy;epiy milahj;ijr; rl;lG+u;tkhf mq;fPfupg;gjw;fhd Njit vd;w
tifapy; ghy;khw;w mWitr; rpfpr;ir> kylhf;fy;> my;yJ XNkhd;rhu; rpfpr;ir
vd;gd
cl;gl
vtUk;
itj;jpa
nrad;KiwfSf;F
cl;gLk;gb
fl;lhag;gLj;jg;glyhfhJ. jkJ ghy;> taJ> ghy;epiy> ghy; epiy milahsj;ij
my;yJ
ghypay;jpirKfthf;fk;
vd;gtw;iw
kiwf;Fk;gbvtUk;
neUf;FjYf;Fs;shf;fg;glyhfhJ.

•

gpwg;Gr;rhl;rpg;gj;jpuk;> flTr;rPl;L> Nju;jy; rhu;ghd gjpTfs; vd;git cl;gl> Mdhy;
ntw;wpf;F kl;LNk tiuaWf;fg;glhj njspTWj;jpa ghy;epiy milahsj;ij
gpujpgspf;Fk; tifapy; mtuJ ghy;epiyia my;yJ ghiyf; Fwpg;gpLk; Msilahs
Mtzq;fs; epuhfupf;fg;gl khl;lhJ.

cWg;Giu 6 rpe;jidr; Rje;jpuk;> mgpg;gpuhak; gw;wpa Rje;jpuk;> fUj;J ntspg;ghl;Lr;
Rje;jpuk; vd;gd njhlu;ghd cupik@ xUq;fpizAk; cupik.
Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jk; fyhr;rhu ek;gpf;iffs; my;yJ murpaw; fUj;jpay; (rpj;jhe;jk;)
my;yJ nghJkf;fs; xOq;F> nghJ kf;fs; xOf;f newpKiw> nghJkf;fs; cldyk;
my;yJ nghJ kf;fs; ghJfhg;G59 vd;gtw;iw mbg;gilahff;nfhz;l> jd;dpr;irahd
jiyaPL my;yJ tiuaiwfs; ,d;wp> ghy; jd;ik> ghypay; jpir Kfthf;fk;> ghy;epiymilahsk;> ghypay; cupikfs; rk;ge;jg;gl;l fUj;Jf;fs; njhlu;ghf rpe;jidr; Rje;jpuKk;
mgpg;gpuhaKk; njuptpf;Fk; Rje;jpuKk;> fUj;J ntspg;ghl;Lr; Rje;jpuKk; njhlu;ghd
cupikfs; midtUf;Fk; cz;L.
•

gps;isfspy; cUthfptUk; Mw;wy; rk;ge;jkhfg; ghugl;rk; fhl;lhj mt;thw;wYf;F
kjpg;gspf;Fk; xU rl;lfj;jpDs;> jiyaPbd;wp mgpg;gpuhaq; fis itj;jpUf;Fk;
cupik cl;gl rpe;jidr; Rje;jpuk;> kdr;rhl;rp gw;wpa Rje;jpuk;> rkar; Rje;jpuk;60
vd;gd njhlu;ghd cupikfs; midtUf;Fk; cz;L.

ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 19•

VidNahUila cupikfSf;F KO kjpg;Gf; nfhLj;J> jkJ ghy; jd;ik gw;wp
Muha;tjw;Fk; gPjp> ntl;fk;> Fw;w czu;T> jtwhd ek;gpf;iffs; NkYk; jilfs;
vd;gtw;wpd; jiyaPbd;wp fdTfspYk; fw;gidfspYk; Mo;tjw;Fk; midtUf;Fk;
cupik cz;L.

•vt;tpjf; fl;Lg;ghLkpd;wp61 Ngr;rpd; %yk;> elf;Fk; tpjj;jpd; %yk;> Mil fspd;%yk;> cly; ,ay;Gfspd; %yk;> ngaiuj; njupTnra;jy; %yk; NtW topfspd;%yk; milahsj;ij my;yJ Ms;epiyia> ntspg;gLj;Jk; cupik midtUf;Fk;
Fwpg;ghfg; ngz;fSf;F cz;L.

•ghugl;rk; fhl;lhik> VidNahupd; cupikfisAk; gps;isfspy; cUthfp tUk;
Mw;wy;fisAk; ftdj;jpw;F vLj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; Xu; rl;lfj;jpDs; ve;jnthU rl;l
Clfj;jpd; %yKk; vy;iyfs; gw;wpf; ftdk; nrYj;jhkYk;> kdpj cupikfs;>
ghypay; cupikfs;> ghypay; jpirKfthf;fk;> ghy;epiy milahsk;> ghy; jd;ik
vd;gd njhlu;ghf jfty;fis ehLtjw;Fk;> ngWtjw;Fk; mtw;iw toq;Ftjw;Fk;
midtUf;Fk; Rje;jpuk; cz;L.

•gy tiffspy; rkhjhdkhff; $Lk; Rje;jpuj;jpw;Fk; xUq;fpidAk; Rje;jpuj; jpw;Fk;62
midtUf;Fk; cupik cz;L. rfyuJ cupikfSk; Rje;jpuq;fSk; KOikahf
vl;lg;glf;$ba
r%f
xOq;iff;nfhz;lxU
rl;lfj;jpDs;
FOf;fisAk;mkaq;fisAk; epWTtjw;Fk; mtw;wpy; NrUtjw;Fk; mtw;iw cUthf;Ftjw;Fk;
cs;s cupikiaAk; kdpj cupikfs;> ghypay; cupikfs;> ghy; jd;ik> ghypay;
jpirKfthf;fk;> ghy; epiy milahsk; vd;gtw;Wld; njhlu;Ggl;l gpur;rpidfs;
rk;ge;jkhfj; jfty;fisAk; fUj;Jf;fisAk; cUthf;Ftjw;Fk;> gupkhWtjw;Fk;>
gpur;rhuk; nra;tjw;Fk; toq;Ftjw;Fk; cs;s cupikiaAk; ,J cs;slf;Fk;.

cWg;Giu 7. cldyj;jpw;Fk; tpQ;Qhd Kd;Ndw;wj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; eyd;fSf;Fk;
cupik.
cldyk;> cseyk;63 vd;gd rk;ge;jkhf vl;lf;$ba kpf cd;dj juj;ij vl;b>mDgtpf;Fk; cupik midtUf;Fk; cz;L. cldyj;ij cWjpnra;Ak; mbg;gilf;$WfisAk;64 rfy ghypay; mf;fiwfs;> gpur;rpidfs;> xOq;fPdq;fs; njhlu;ghfj; jLg;G>ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 20

Neha; fz;lwpjy;> rpfpr;ir rk;ge;jkhd ghypay; cldy ftdpg;gpw;F EiojpwidAk; ,J
cs;slf;Fk;.
•

Njitaw;w

fu;g;gk;>

vr;.I.tp>

njhw;Wf;fs;
vd;gtw;iwj;
midtUf;Fk; cz;L.

•va;l;];

cl;glg;

jLg;gjw;fhf

ghypay;,luw;w

uPjpahff;

ghypaiy

flj;jg;gLk;

ehLk;;

cupik

jj;jkJ rKjhaq;fspd; nghJ cldyj;Jld; rk;ge;jg;gl;l rl;lq;fs;> nfhs;iffs;>
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;> Nritfs;
midtUf;Fk; cz;L.

vd;gtw;iw

epWTtjpy;

gq;F

gw;Wk;

cupik•

rfy cldyj; jpl;lq;fSk; Xuq;fl;lg;gl;l jdp Ml;fspdJk; rKjhaq; fspdJk;
tpNrl Njitfs; gw;wpa Ez;Zzu;Tiladthf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

•

cldy

Nritfistoq;FNthupd;68

Neu;ikahd

kWg;gpUg;gpDk;

mjpypUe;J

tpLgl;Lr; RNar;irahf cldy ftdpg;igAk; NritfisAk; mZfpg;ngWk; jpwd;
midtUf;Fk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
•

cldyk; njhlu;ghd ghypay; cupikfs;> ghypay; jpirKfthf;fk;> ghy; jd;ik>ghy; epiy milahsk; vd;gd gw;wpa jfty;fis mZfpg;ngWk; cupikAk;
rhd;Wfs;>
tpQ;QhdG+u;tkhf
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba
Muha;r;rpfs;
vd;gdtw;iw
mbg;gilahff;nfhz;lrhj;jpag;gLk;
kpfr;rpwe;jNritfismZfpg;ngWk;
cupikAk; midtUf;Fk; cz;L. ,lu;g;ghlw;w Ntiy epiyikfs;> cliy
NritfSf;F Eiojpwd;> rfy Njhoikahsu;fs;> thbf;ifahsu;fs; vd;NghUld;,lu;g;ghlw;w ghypaw; gof;fq;fis tw;GWj;J tjw;F mtrpakhd MjuT ghJfhg;Gvd;gtw;wpw;fhd cupik ghypay; njhopyhspfs; cl;gl midtUf;Fk; cz;L.

•

MAjNke;jpa

Nkhjy;fs;

mfy;tpupthd ghypay;
mZfpg;ngw KbAk;.

ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

my;yJ

fl;lhag;gLj;jg;gl;lNritfisAk;

rk;Nksdj;jpy;,dg;ngUf;f,lg;ngau;Tf;Fl;gl;
cldy

Nrit

Nlhu;>

fisAk;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 21

•tpQ;Qhd Kd;Ndw;wj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; eyd;fisAk; ghypay; cupikfSf;Fk; ghypay;
cldyDf;Fk; mk;Kd;Ndw;wk; toq;Fk; gpuNahfq;fisAk; mDg tpf;Fk; cupik
midtUf;Fk; cz;L.

•ghugl;rkpd;wp>

kw;wtu;fSld;

rkkhd

mbg;gilapy;,dg;ngUf;fcldyj;

njhopDl;gq;fis my;yJ Nritfis my;yJ itj;jpa cjtpj; jpl;lq; fis
mZfpg; ngWtjw;F my;yJ mtw;iw epuhfupg;gjw;F midtUf;Fk; cupikAk;
toptiffSk; cz;L. ,e;j cupj;Jld; rk;ge;jg;gl;l tajbg; gilf; fl;Lg;ghLfs;>
ghugl;rkpd;ik> gps;isfspd; cUthfptUk; Mw;wy; vd;w jj;Jtj;Jtk; vd;gd
gw;wpa NjitfisAk; G+u;j;jpnra;a Ntz;Lk;.
•

ghugl;rkpd;wp> kw;wtu;fSld; rkkhd mbg;gilapy; tpQ;Qhd Muha;r;rpfspy;
gq;Fgw;Wtjw;F Eiojpwidg; ngWk; my;yJ gq;Fgw;Wtjw;F kWf;Fk; cupikAk;
toptiffSk; midtUf;Fk; cz;L.

cWg;Giu 8.

fy;tp njhlu;ghd jfty;fs; njhlu;ghd cupik

ghugl;rkpd;wp nghJthf> fy;tpiaAk; jfty;fisAk; ngWk; cupik midtUf;Fk; cz;L.
gpu[hcupikia
KOikahff;
iff;nfhs;tjw;Fk;
jdpahu;>murhq;f>murpay;rkj;Jtj;ijg; ngWtjw;Fk; mtrpakhd gaDs;s> ghy; jd;ik gw;wpaJk; jfty;fs;
gw;wpaJkhd mfy;tpupthd fy;tpiag; ngWk; cupikAk; midtUf;Fk; cz;L.
•

mtkjpg;Gf;

FwpiaAk;

ghugl;rj;ijAk;

NtUld;

mopg;gijAk;>

jj;jkJ

tho;f;iff;Fg; nghWg;Ngw;Fk; jfty; njupe;jtu;fshf ,isNahupd; tsu;r;rpia
Kd;Ndw;WtijAk; ghypay; cldyKk; ghy; jd;ikAk; gw;wpa fy;tpf; nfhs;ifia
KbT nra;tjpy; gq;Fgw;Wk; tpjj;jpy; mtu;fSf;F mjpfhuj;ij toq;FtijAk;
Fwpf;Nfhshff;nfhz;l fy;tpiag; ngWk; cupik midtUf;Fk; cz;L.67•

mfy;tpupthd ghy; jd;ikf; fy;tp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fSf;Fk; ghy; jd;ik njhlu;ghd
nfhs;iffSf;Fk;
gq;fspg;Gr;,isatu;fSf;F cz;L.

•nra;Ak;cupik>

midtUf;Fk;

Fwpg;ghf

NkYk; typjhd NkYk; epahakhd njhlu;Gfisg; gw;wpf; fye;JiuahL tjw;F
Ntz;ba jpwd;fis tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd toptiffisg; ngWk; cupik
midtUf;Fk; cz;L.
ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
rk;Nksdj;jpy;
MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 22
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

•ghy; jd;ik> ghypay; cupikfs;> ghypay;rhu; cldyk; vd;gtw;iw cau;j;Jk;>
kuGrhuhj kuG rhu;e;j jfty;fis toq;Fk; Clfq;fisAk; Njrpa vy;iyfspd;wp>
midtUk; mZfp milayhk;. Fwpg;ghf ,isNahu;> ghy; jd;ik> ghy;epiymDrupah tho;T> ghypay; njhlu;Gfs; gw;wpa jfty;fSf;F mZFjpwidg;
ngWthu;fs;.

•rKjhak;> ghlrhiy> cldy Nrit toq;Fgtiu

mbg;gilahff;nfhz;l> ghy;

jd;ik gw;wpa tpsq;ff;$ba nkhopeilapyike;j jfty;fSf;F mZFjpwd;
ngWthu;fs;. ghypay;> ,dg;ngUf;f cldyk;> vg;Ngh?> vg;gb?> vtUld; ghypay;
njhlu;G itj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;. ghypay; elj;ij vg;nghOJ ,dg;ngUf;f uPjpapy;68
mikAk; vd;gtw;iw cWjpg;gLj;Jk; topfs; gw;wpa jfty;fs; ,jpy; mlq;Fk;.
•

ghypay; ,dg;ngUf;f tho;T gw;wpj; jhk; nra;Ak; ve;j KbTfSk; KOikahfTk;
RNar;irahfTk; jfty; mwpe;j epiyapYk;69 nra;ag;gL fpd;wd vd;gij
cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F Ntz;ba msT fy;tpiaAk; jfty; fisAk; ngWk; cupik
midtUf;Fk; cz;L.

cWg;Giu 9. tpthfk; nra;tjh> nra;tjpy;iyah> FLk;gj;ij mikj;J> FLk;gk;
xd;iwj;jpl;lkpLtjh
vd;gijj;
njupTnra;tjw;Fk;
gps;isfisg;
ngWtjh>ngWtjpy;iyah> vg;gb> vg;nghOJ gps;isfisg; ngWtJ vd;gJ gw;wp KbT
nra;tjw;Fk; cs;s cupik.
tpthfk; nra;tjh> nra;tjpy;iyah> FLk;gj;ij mikj;J FLk;gk; xd;iwj; jpl;lkpLtjh,y;iyah> vg;nghOJ gps;isfisg; ngWtJ vd;gtw;iwj; njupT nra;jy;> vj;jid
gps;isg; ngWtJ> gps;isfSf;fpilNaahd ,ilntsp vd;g tw;iwr; RNar;irahfTk;
nghWg;GlDk; jPu;khdpj;jy; vd;gjw;fhd cupik mid tUf;Fk; cz;L. kuG top tUif
my;yJ tpthfk;70 vd;gtw;wpdhy; tiuaWf;fg; glhjit cl;gl> FLk;g tbtq;fspd;
gy;tifikia rl;lq;fSk; nfhs;iffSk; Vw;wq;fPfupf;Fk; xU #oypy; ,J ,lk;ngWk;.70•

ghugl;rkw;wJk; gps;isfspd; cUthfptUk; Mw;wYf;F kupahij nfhLg;gJkhd xU
rl;lfj;jpDs; RNar;irahfTk; KO ,zf;fj;JlDk; tpthfk; nra;aTk; my;yJ
vy;NyhUf;Fk;
fpilf;ff;$ba
Vida
N[hb
NrUk;
Vw;ghLfs;
nra;aTk;
midtUf;Fk; cupik cz;L.

ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 23

•jhk; mikg;gnjdj; njupTnra;j FLk;g tif ,Ue;jNghjpYk; jkJ FLk;gj;Jld;njhlu;Ggl;l njhopy;> FbtuT vd;gd Nghd;w FLk;gj;Jld; njhlu;Ggl;l r%f eyd;>Vida nghJ ed;ikfs; vd;gtw;wpw;F kuGtop tUif my;yJ tpthfk;
vd;gtw;wpdhy; tiuaWf;fg;glhjit cl;gl;l midtUf;Fk; cupik cz;L.

•

gps;isfisg;

ngw

Ntz;Lkh>

Ntz;lhkh

vd;gijAk;

ngw

Ntz;Lkhdhy;

vg;nghOJ ngWtJ vd;gtw;iwAk; vj;jid gps;isfisg; ngWtJ> gps;isfSf;F,ilapyhd ,ilntsp vd;gtw;iwAk; RNar;irahfTk; nghWg;GlDk; KbT
nra;tjw;F Ntz;ba jfty;fs;> fy;tp> mjw;fhd topfs; vd;gtw;iwAk;
mZfpg;ngWk; cupik midtUf;Fk; cz;L.

•,dg;ngUf;fk; gw;wpAk; FLk;g mikg;Gg; gw;wpAk; RNar;irahd> nghWg;G kpf;fnjupTfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F midtUf;Fk; cupik cz;L. nrhe;jg; gps;isfisg;
ngw Ntz;Lkh> Ntz;lhkh my;yJ gps;isfj; jj;njLf;f Ntz;Lkh> Ntz;lhkh>
vd;gij gw;wpa njupTfSk; kfg;Ngw;W tsj;ij xOq;FgLj;Jjy;> ,dg;ngUf;fk;njhlu;ghd njhopDl;gq;fs;> rpfpr;irfs; gw;wpa ,lu;g;ghlw;w> gaDWjptha;e;j>
Vw;Wf;nfsh;sf;$ba> nryTfisj; jhq;ff;$ba KiwfSk; ,jpy; mlq;Fk;.

•tpthf epiy vg;gbapUg;gpDk;> ghugl;rkpd;ik> gps;isfspd; cUthfptUk; Mw;wy;
vd;gijf;ftdj;jpw;nfhs;Sk; rl;lfj;jpDs; ,dg;ngUf;fk;> kfg;Ngw;W tskpd;ik
fug;gj;ij KbTWj;Jjy; vd;gd gw;wpa MNyhridfisAk; Vida NritfisAk;
ngWk; cupik midtUf;Fk; cz;L.

•

gad;gLj;Jk; rfyuhYk; mZfpg; ngwf;$ba nryTfisj; jhq;fpf;nfhs;sf; $ba
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba rfyUf;Fk; trjpahd tpjj;jpyike;j ,dtpUj;jp rhu;e;jcldyj;ijg; NgZjy;> ,luw;w jha;ik> ,luw;w fUr;rpijT vd;gd rk;ge;jg;gl;lmtrpakhd
jfty;fisAk;fy;tpiaAk;
NritfisAk;
ngWk;
cupik
midtUf;Fk; cz;L.

•

ghJfhtyu; gjtp> ek;gpf;ifg; nghWg;Gg; gjtp> gps;isfisj; jj;njLj;jy; my;yJ

Njrpar;rl;lq;fspy;,lk;ngw;Ws;sthW,t;ntz;zf;fUf;fs;
epyTk;
xj;jepWtdq;fs; vd;gd njhlu;ghf> ghugl;rkw;w xU rl;lfj;jpDs; mid tUf;Fk; xNu
tpjkhd cupikfSk; nghWg;Gf;fSk; cz;L. vy;yhr; re;ju;g; gq;fspYk; gps;isapd;
kpfr; rpwe;j eyd;fs; jiyaha ,lj;ijg; ngWk;.
ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
rk;Nksdj;jpy;
MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 24
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

cWg;Giu
cupikAk;.

10.

nghWg;Gf;$wg;gl

Ntz;Lnkd;w

cupikAk;

eptu;j;jpfSf;fhd

ghypay;cupikfisepiyepWj;Jk;
flikfSs;stu;fs;>jkf;F
KOikahfg;
nghWg;Gf;$w Ntz;batu;fshtu; vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; NfhUtjw;Fkkhf gaDWjp
tha;e;j> Nghjpa mstpyike;j> mZfpg;ngwj;jf;f> fy;tp> rl;l> ePjprhu; eltbf;iffisAk;
Vida eltbf;iffisAk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; cupik mid tUf;Fk; cz;L. ghypay;
cupikfs;
eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLtijf;
fz;fhzpj;jYf;
fhd
ty;yikAk;<Lnra;jypD}lhf KOikahd eptu;j;jpfis mZfpg; ngWjy;> e\;l <L> Gzu;tho;T>
kPz;Lk; ,lk;ngw khl;lhJ vd;w cj;juthjk; my;yJ NtW topfs; cl;gl ghypay;
cupikfs; kPwg;gLk;NghJ gupfhuq;fis mZfpg;ngWk; ty;yikAk; ,jpy; mlq;Fk;.72•

ghypay;cupikfs;

gw;wpacj;juthjj;Jld;njhlu;Gw;w

jkJ

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midtUf;Fk; cz;L.

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ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 25

ghypay; cupikfSf;fhfg; gupe;Jiuf;Fk; tz;zk; jdJ mq;fj;Jt rq;fq;fs;
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cliy Nritfs;> jfty;fs;> mfy;tpupthd ghy; jd;ikf; fy;tp vd;gtw;iw
toq;Fjy; cl;gl jd;Dila Mw;wYf;Fs; ,aYkhd vy;yhtw;iwAk; nra;tjw;Fru;tNjr> jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngwlwhHJt rk;Nksdk; jd;id mu;g;gzpj;Js;sJ@
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cupik fSf;Fk; ,zq;f elj;Jtjw;Fk; jd;id mu;g;gzpj;Js;sJ.

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jpl;lkplg;gl;lngw;whHJt
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ru;tNjr> jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt rk;Nksdk; 1995Mk; Mz;L> ghypay; ,dg;ngUf;fcupikfs; kPjhd gl;laj;ij
http://www.jppf.org/en/Resouces/Statements/IPPF+Charter+on+Sexual+and+Reproductive+Rights.htm ,y; fhzyhk;.

ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 26

If;fpa ehLfspd; kdpj cupikf; FOf;fspd; ru;tNjrj; juq;fs;> mwpf;iffs;
gytw;wpdJk; KOg; gFjpfisAk;> kdpj cupikfs; gw;wpa cau; Mizaupd; If;fpa
ehLfspd; mYtyfj;jpd; tiy flg;gplj;jpw; fhzyhk;. http://www.ohchr.org

cyf Rfhjhu mikaj;jpd; ghypay; cupikfs;> ghypay; cldyk; vd;gd gw;wpa
KOikahd Ma;it http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/gender/sexualhealth.htm/#4
Nahf;ahfhu;l jj;Jtq;fspd; KOg; gFjp ghypay; jpirKfthf;fk;> ghy;epiy milahsk;
njhlu;ghd> ru;tNjr kdpj cupikfs; rl;lj;jpd; gpuNahfk; gw;wpa jj;Jtq;fis(Nahfahfhu;lh jj;Jtq;fs;) (2007) http://www.yogyakartaprinciples.org,y; fhzyhk;.

1

ru;tNjr kdpj cupikfs; Kwp

kdpj cupikfs; gw;wpa ru;tNjrg; gpufldk;
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rpj;jputijf;Fk; Vida nfh^u> kdpjhgpkhdkw;w my;yJ ,opTgLJ;Jk; tpjj;jpy;
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Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 27

fz;fhzpg;Gf;FO: rpj;jputijf;Fk; Vida nfh^u> kdpjhgpkhdw;w my;yJ ,opTgLJ;Jk;
tpjj;jpy;
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Mk; Mz;L Nk khjkhfpAk; ,d;dKk; eilKiwf;F tutpy;iy.)
ika kdpj cupikfs; nghUj;jidfSf;F Nkyjpfkhf ru;tNjr kdpj cupikfs; gw;wpa
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topfhl;ly;fis toq;Ffpd;wd. ,it> gpd;tUtdtw;iwAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wd.
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2

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fUj;Jiu 14: vl;lf;$ba kpf cau;e;j cldyj;ij ngWtjw;fhd cupik.|| If;fpa
ehLfspd; Mtzk;.
E/C.12/2000/4, 2000 Mk; Mz;L Xf];l; khjk; 11Mk; jpfjp

3

cldyDf;fhd cupik gw;wpa tpNrr mwpf;if.

ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 28

kdpj

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5

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6

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ghu;f;fTk; (mgptpUj;jp Ma;TfSf;fhd gpup[; epWtfk;> 2007)
http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/reports_gend_CEP.html#Sexuality
8

eyd;fisAk; nghWg;Gf;fisAk; gfpu;tjpy; xg;GuT vd;gJ epahaKk; ePjpAkhFk;. ghy;
epiy xg;GuT vd;w vz;zf;fU> Mz;fsJk; ngz;fsJk; NjitfSk; mjpfhuKk;
tpj;jpahrkhdit vd;gijAk; ghy;fSf;fpilNa epyTk; rkkpd;ik fisr; rPu;gLj;Jk;
tpjj;jpy; ,t;NtWghLfs; ,dq;fhzg;gl;L mZfg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
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my;yJ NritfspYk; ghugl;rkw;w epiyiaNa rkj;Jtk; Fwpj;J epw;fpd;wJ.

10

Mz;fspdJk; ngz;fspdJk; Njitfs; tpj;jpahrkhf mikAk; epiyfis ghy; epiyxg;GuT Fwpf;fpd;wJ. tsq;fSk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; rhu;e;j ftdKk; mj;Njit fspd;
tpfpjhrhuj;jpw;Nfw;g mika Ntz;Lk;. rkkhd re;ju;g;gq;fs; cWjpg;gLj;jg; glNtz;Lk;.
ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 29

mtrpakhdhy; tpisTfspYk; gyd;fspYk; rkj;Jtj;ij cj;juthjg; gLj;Jtjw;fhf
tpj;jpahrkhf elj;Jk; KiwAk; ftdKk; nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; ngz;fs;
mDgtpf;Fk; tuyhw;W uPjpahd r%fg; ghq;fhd ghjfkhd epiyikfs; eptu;j;jp nra;ag;gl
Ntz;Lk;.
11

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ghy;epiyr; rkj;Jtk; Fwpj;J epw;fpd;wJ. ghy;epiyr; rkj;Jtk; ngz;fSk; Mz;fSk;
xd;Nw vd;w cl;fpiliaf; nfhz;ljy;y. Mdhy; mtw;wpw;Fr; rkkhd ngWkhdk;
cz;nld;gijAk; rkkhf elj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gijAk; mJ Fwpf; fpd;wJ. gpd;tUtdnjhlu;ghfg; ngz;fSf;Fk; Mz;fSf;Fk; cs;s Mw;wiy> ghy;epiyr; rkj;Jtk;
Fwpf;fpd;wJ. mjpfhuk;> nry;thf;F vd;gtw;wpd; gfpu;tpy; rkkhd gq;Fisg; ngWjy;> Ntiy
my;yJ tUkhdk; gpwg;ghf;fk; vd;gd cl;gl murhq;fj; JiwapYk; jdpahu; JiwapYk;
rkkhd re;ju;g;gq;fisAk; cupikf isAk; flg;ghLfisAk; nfhz;bUj;jy;. jukhd
fy;tpf;fhd re;ju;g;gq;fs;> jpwikfis tsu;g;gjw;fhd reju;g;gq;fs; vd;gtw;wpw;Fr; rkkhd
mZFjpwidg; ngw;wpUj;jy;. jkJ KOikahd cs;shu;e;j rf;jpfis tpUj;jp nra;tjw;F
rkkhd
rhj;jpag;ghl;ilg;
ngw;wpUj;jy;.
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epiyapYk;
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njhlu;ghfTk; Nritfs; njhlu;ghfTk; rkkhd mZFjpwidg; ngw;wpUj;jy;. rl;lq;fspYk;
nfhs;iffispYk; rkkhf elj;jg;gLJjy;. ghy;epiyr; rkj;Jtk; vd;gJ ngz;fSk;
Mz;fSk; xd;Nw vd;w mu;j;jj;ijf; nfhz;ljy;y. Mdhy; mtu;fSila cupik fSk;
nghWg;Gf;fSk; re;ju;g;gq;fSk; mtu;fsJ ghypy; jq;fpapUf;ftpy;iy vd;w mu;j;jj;ijNa
nfhz;Ls;sJ.
12gps;isfspd; cupikfs; gw;wpa rkthaj;jpd; cWg;Giu 5 ,r;rkthaj;jpy; Vw;wq;

fPfupf;fg;gl;Ls;s gps;isapd; cupikfis> mg;gps;isfs; gpd;gw;Wk; nghUl;L> gps;isfspd;
cUthfptUk; Mw;wy;fSf;fpzq;f cfe;j Mw;Wg;gLj;jiy Ak; topfhl;ly;fisAk;
toq;Ftjpy;
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nghUj;jkhf
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jpduJk;my;yJrKjhaj;jpdJk;> rl;luPjpahd ghJfhtyu;fspdJk; my;yJ rl;l uPjpahfg; gps;isf;Fg;
nghWg;ghd Vida Ml;fspdJk; nghWg;Gf;fisAk; cupik fisAk; flikfisAk;
muRf;fspd; jug;gpdu; kjpj;J elg;ghu;fs;.
www2.ohchr.org/English/law/crc.htm
13

gps;isapd; cupikfs; gw;wpa rkthak; 18 tajpw;Fl;gl;l Ml;fs;> cupik fisg;

ngw;wtu;fnsd;gij>

gps;isapd;

ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

cupikfs;

gw;wpark;Nksdj;jpy;rkthak;epWTfpd;wJ.

ru;tNjrr;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 30

rl;lj;jpd; elg;Gg; gpuNahfq;fspd; fPo;> gjpndl;L tajpw;Fl;gl;l xt;nthUtUk; gps;is
vd;W fUjg;gLtu;.

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cupikfs;

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1:

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Kd;du; vd;W nfhs;sg;gl;lhyd;wp> Fwpg;gplg;gl;l ,r;rkthaj;ijg; nghWj; jstpy;
gjpndl;L tajpw;Fl;gl;l midtUk; gps;is vd;W fUjg;gLthu;fs;.
14

gps;isapd;

cupikfs;

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3:(1)

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ftdj;jpw;nfLj;J> gps;isapd; ey;tho; tpw;F mtrpakhd ghJfhg;igAk; ftdpg;igAk;
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Nkw;nfhs;thu;fs; (3) gps;is fspd; ftdpg;gpw;Fk; ghJfhg;gpw;Fk; nghWg;ghf cs;s
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15

gps;isapd;

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ngw;Nwhu;fspdJk;
my;yJ
gpuNjrj;jpd;
gof;ftof;fq;fSf;fpzq;fg;
nghUj;jkhf
mikAnkdpd;>
tpupthf;fg;gl;lFLk;gmq;fj;jpduJk; my;yJ rKjhaj;jpdJk; rl;luPjpahd ghJfhtyu;fspdJk; my;yJ rl;luPjpahfg; gps;isf;Fg; nghWg;ghd Vida Ml;fspdJk; nghWg;Gf;fisAk; cupikfisAk;
flikfisAk; muRf;fspd; jug;gpdu; kjpj;J elg;ghu;fs;.
16

gps;isapd; cupikfs; gw;wpa rkthak; cWg;Giu 2.1: gps;isapd; my;yJ mjd;

ngw;Nwhupd; my;yJ rl;luPjpahd ghJfhtyupd; ,dk;> epwk;> ghy;> nkhop> rkak;> murpay;
my;yJ r%fj;Njhw;wk;> nrhj;J> ,ayhik> gpwg;G my;yJ NtW me;j];J vg;gbapUg;gpDk;>
ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 31

vt;tpj ghugl;rKk; fhl;lhJ jw;Nghija rkthak; xt;nthU gps;isf;Fk; toq;fpAs;scupikfis> muRf;fspd; jug;gpdu;> jkJ epahahjpf;fj;jpDs; kjpj;J> cWjpg;gLj;jNtz;Lk;.
17

gps;isapd;

cupikfs;

gw;wparkthak;cWg;Giu

6.2:

vt;tstpw;F

KbANkhmt;tsT cr;r mstpy; gps;isapd; tho;itAk; mjd; tpUj;jpiaAk; muRf;fspd; jug;gpdu;
cWjpg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
18

ghugl;rkpd;ik gw;wpa rl;lfk;> ,e;j Mtzj;jpy; ghugl;rk; gw;wp Fwpg;gplg;gLk; rfy,lq;fSf;Fk; nghUe;Jk;.
19

khdplu;fis Mnzd;W my;yJ ngz;nzd;W tiuaWf;Fk; capupay; ,ay;G fisg; ghy;
Fwpf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j capupay; ,ay;Gfisf; nfhz;l njhFjpfs;> gu];guk; jdpj;J
xJf;ff;$bait my;y. Vnddpy;> ,uz;L ,ay;Gfisf;nfhz;l egu;fSk; ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;.
20

gpufldj;jpd; ,uz;lhk; jj;Jtj;ijg;$batu;fSf;Fk; rk mstpy; nghUe;Jk;.

ghUq;fs;.

tajbg;gilg;

ghugl;rq;fs;>taJnghUshjhu> r%f> fyhr;rhu cupikfs; gw;wpa ru;tNjr xUg;ghL cWg;Giu 2.2:
,dk;> epwk;> ghy;> nkhop> rkak;> murpay; my;yJ NtW mgpg;gpuhak;> Njrpa my;yJ
r%fj; Njhw;wk;> nrhj;J> gpwg;G my;yJ NtW me;j];J vd;w mbg;gilapy; ghugl;rk;vJTkpd;wp> jw;Nghija xUg;ghl;by; mlq;fpAs;s cupikfs; gpd;gw;wg;gLk; vd;gjw;Fj;
jw;Nghija xUg;ghl;bw;F ,zq;fpAs;s muRf;fspd; jug;gpdu; cj;juthjk; mspg;ghu;fs;.
21

Fwpg;gpl;l xU fhy Neuj;jpy; ngz; my;yJ Mzhf ,Ug;gjdhy; mjDld; njhlu;Gw;wr%f> fyhr;rhu> nghUshjhu ,ay;GfisAk; re;ju;g;gq;fisAk; ghy; epiy Fwpj;J
epw;fpd;wJ.
22

Mzhf my;yJ ngz;zhf ,Ug;gjdhy; Mz; ghyhuhf my;yJ ngz; ghyhuhf,Ug;gjdhy; mJ gw;wp xUtu; nfhz;Ls;s cs;sf Ra tpopg;Gzu;it ghy; epiymlilahsk; Fwpj;J epw;fpd;wJ.

ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 32

23

mNj ghyhu; njhlu;ghf my;yJ vjpu;g; ghyhu; njhlu;ghf my;yJ ,U ghyhUk; njhlu;ghf
Vw;gLk; Kjyhtjhd ghypay; <u;g;ig ghypay; jpirKfthf;fk; Fwpj;J epw;fpd;wJ.
24

rfy gug;Gf;fspYk; ,dk;> ghy;> ghy; epiy njhlu;ghd ,dg;ghugl;r mk;rq;fs; vd;w
gpd;dzpapYk; Ntz;Lnkd;Wk; ~ajhu;j;jj;jpYk;| ,lk;ngWk; ghugl;rkhd nray;fs;
njhlu;ghf ghugl;rkpd;ik gw;wpa ru;tNjrr; rl;lk; rk;ge;jg;gl;l tpsf;fq;fSf;fhd
cjhuzq;fSf;F> kdpj cupikfs; FOtpd; ~ghugl;rkpd;ik| kPjhd nghJ fUj;Jiu>,yf;fk; 18Ig; ghUq;fs;.
UN Doc. HRI/GEN/1/Rev.6 at 146, 2003.

rfy tbtq;fspYk; mike;j ,dg; ghugl;rq;fis xopj;jiyg; gw;wp Muha;e;j FOtpd;~ghy; epiy njhlu;Ggl;l ,dg; ghugl;rg; gupkhzq;fs;| rk;ge;jg;gl;l nghJ tpjg;Giu
25IAk; ghUq;fs;. UN Doc. A/55/18, 2000

26Mk; gf;fj;jpYs;s CLADEM mwpf;if (2Mk; $w;W> ghypay; cupikfSk; ,dtpUj;jp25

cupikfSk; gw;wpa rktaj;jpw;fhd gpur;rhuk; xf;Nlhgu; 2006)
http://www.convencion.org.uy

26

ghypay; jPq;fpw;nfjpuhf Fwpg;gpl;l ghJfhg;Gf;fs; gw;wpa gpuhe;jpa ePjp kd;wk; xd;wpd;
fhyj;JldhdJk; nry;Ygbahd mjpfhuKilaJkhd jPu;khdj;jpw;fhf ghu;f;fTk;. kdpj
cupikfs; gw;wpa INuhg;gpa ePjpkd;wk; X ck; Y ck; neju;yhe;jpw;F vjpuhf 26> khu;r;>
1985.
27

gps;isapd; cupikfs; gw;wpa rkthak;> cWg;Giu 34: rfy tbtq;fspYk; mike;jghypay; Ruz;lypypUe;Jk; ghypay; J\;gpuNahfq;fspypUe;Jk; gps;isiag; ghJfhg;gij
muRf;fspd; jug;gpdu; Nkw;nfhs;Sjy;: ,e;Nehf;fq;fs; fUjp> Fwpg;ghf muRf;fspd; jug;gpdu;
gpd;tUtdtw;iwj;
jLg;gjw;fhfg;
nghUj;jkhd
rfy
Njrpa
,Ugf;f>gy;gf;f
eltbf;iffisAk; (m) rl;lj;jpw;Fg; Gwk;ghd ve;jnthU ghypay; nraw;ghl;bYk;<LgLk;gb gps;isiaj; J}z;Ljy; my;yJ fl;lhag;gLj;Jjy;. (M) tpgr;rhuj;jpy; my;yJ
rl;lj;jpw;Fg; Gwk;ghd NtW ghypay; gof;fq;fspy; gps;isfsr; Ruz;bg; gad;gLj;Jjy;. (,),opnghUs;rhu;e;j Nkil epfo;r;rpfspYk; ,opnghUs; ,yf;fpaq;fspYk; gps;isfisr;
Ruz;bg; gad;gLj;Jjy;.
ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 33

28

gps;isapd; cupikfs; gw;wpa rkthak;> cWg;Giu 29: (1) rKjhaj;jpw;Fr; nra;a

Ntz;ba flikfs; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; cz;L. ,jD}lhf kl;LNk xUtU ila
RNar;irahd> KOikahd> MSik tpUj;jp Vw;gLtJ rhj;jpakhFk;. (2) VidNahupd;
cupikfSf;F cupa mq;fPfhuj;ijAk; kupahijiaAk; toq;Fk; Nehf;fj;jpw;fhfTk;[dehaf r%fnkhd;wpy; ey;nyhOf;f newp> nghJ xOq;F> nghJ eyd; vd;gtw;wpw;fhd
Njitfisg; G+u;j;jp nra;tjw;fhfTk;>
jkJ cupik fisAk; Rje;jpuq;fisAk;
gad;gLj;Jtjpy; xt;nthUtUk; rl;lj;jpdhy; epu;zapf; fg;gl;l tiuaiwfSf;F cl;gl
Ntz;Lk;. (3) If;fpa ehLfspd; Nehf;fq;fSf; Fk; jj;Jtq;fSf;Fk; Kuz;gLk; tpjj;jpy;>,t;TupikfSk; Rje;;jpuq;;fSk; vr;re; ju;g;gj;jpYk; gad;gLj;jg;gLyhfhJ.
http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html
29nghUshjhu> r%f> fyhr;rhu cupikfs; gw;wpa ru;tNjr xUg;ghL cWg;Giu 12:1
cldyj;jpYk;cs
eyj;jpYk;
vl;lj;jf;f
Mff;$ba
juj;ijmDgtpg;gjw;Fxt;nthUtUf;FKs;s cupikia> jw;Nghija xUg;ghl;by; ,lk;ngWk; muRf;fspd;
jug;gpdu; Vw;wq;fPfupf;fpd;wdu;. 2. jw;Nghija xUg;ghl;by; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s ,t; Tupikia
KOikahf vl;Ltjw;F muRf;fspd; jug;gpdu; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba eltbf;iffs;
gpd;tUtdw;wpw;F mtrpakhdtw;iw cs;slf;Fk;. (1) ,we;J gpwf;Fk; Foe;ijfspd;
tPjj;ijAk; rpR kuz tPjj;ijAk; Fiwg;gjw;fhd Vw;ghLk; gps;isapd; MNuhf;fpakhd
tpUj;jpf;fhd Vw;ghLk;@ (2) #oy;rhu; Rfhjhuk;> ifj; njhopy;rhu; Rfhjhuk; vd;gtw;wpd;
rfy mk;rq;fisAk; Kd;Ndw;Wjy;@ (3) tpiue;J
guTk; njhw;W Neha;fs;> Vida Neha;fs; vd;gtw;iwj; jLj;jy;> rpfpr;iraspj;jy;>fl;Lg;gLj;jy;@ (4) RftPdq;fspd;NghJ> itj;jpa Nrit> itj;jpa uPjpahd ftdk;
vd;gtw;iw cWjpg;gLj;Jk; epiyikfis cUthf;Fjy;.
nghUshjhu> r%f> fyhr;rhu cupikfs; gw;wpa FOtpd; nghJf; fUj;Jiu gjpdhd;ifAk;
ghUq;fs;:

cldyj;jpy;vl;lf;$ba

juj;ijmDgtpg;gjw;Fs;s

E/C.12/2000/4 11 Mf];l; 2000> ge;jpfs; 28> 29

cupik|UN Doc.

30,j;jj;Jtj;jpy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s Nehf;fq;fSk; Neu;ikahd Fwpf;;Nfhs;f Sf;Fk;,zq;fhj rl;lj;jpdhy; epWtg;gl;Ls;s tiuaiwfis khw;Wtjw;Fg; gzp Gupa Ntz;Lk;.
31

mgptpUj;jp xj;Jiog;gpw;F> kdpj cupikfis mbg;gilahff;nfhz;l mZF Kiw:
If;fpa ehLfspd; mikaq;fSf;fpilNa nghJthd Gupe;Jzu;it Nehf;fp:
www.undp.org/governance/docs/HR_Guides_commonunderstanding.pdf
ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 34

32

Vida cupikfSf;Fs;> cldyj;jpw;fhd cupik njhlu;ghf> ,e;j xUg;ghl;bd; fPo;
muRf;fspd; jug;gpdu;fspd; flg;ghLfisg; gFg;gha;T nra;Ak; xU top vd;w tpjj;jpy;>
nghUshjhu> r%f> fyhr;rhu cupikfs; gw;wpa ru;tNjr xUg;ghl;il fz;fhzpf;Fk;
FOthd nghUshjhu> r%f> fyhr;rhu cupikfs; kPjhd FOtp dhy; ~kjpj;jy;>ghJfhj;jy;> epiwNtw;;Wjy;| vd;w vz;zf;fUf;fs; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg; gl;Ls;sd.
33CESCR
34

kdpj

nghJf; fUj;Jiu vz; 14> ge;jp 39Ig; ghUq;fs;.

cupikfs;

gw;wpacupikfs; vd;gtw;iwg;
gpwe;jpUf;fpd;whu;fs;.
35

cyfshtpa

nghWj;jstpy;

gpufldk;> 1948>

rfy

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cWg;Giu

1:

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rkkhfTk;

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xUg;ghl;il

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mgpg;gpuhak;> Njrpa my;yJ r%fj; Njhw;wk;> nrhj;J> gpwg;G my;yJ NtW me;j];Jvd;gtw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l vt;tpj NtWghLkpd;wpj; jdJ Ms;Gyj;jpDs; jdJ
epahahjpf;fj;jpw;F cl;gl;L thOk; xt;nthU jdp MSf;Fk; cz;nld;gij kjpg;gnud;Wk;
cWjpg;gLj;Jtnjd;Wk; nghWg;Ngw;fpd;wdu;.
cWg;Giu 3: jw;Nghija xUg;ghl;by; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s Fbapay;> murpay; cupikfis>
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mDgtpf;Fk; epiyia>
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Vw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;s muRf;fspd; jug;gpdu;> cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd nghWg;ig Vw;fpd;wdu;.
cWg;Giu 26: rl;lj;jpd; Kd; midtUk; rknkd;gJld;> vt;tpjg; ghugl;rKkpd;wp>
rl;lj;jpd; ghJfhg;igr; rkkhfg; ngWk; cupj;J midtUf;Fk; cz;L. ,J njhlu;ghf,dk;> epwk;> ghy;> nkhop> rkak;> murpay; my;yJ NtW mgpg;gpuhak;> Njrpa my;yJr%fj;
Njhw;wk;>
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ghugl;rj;jpw;nfjpuhd>
rkkhd>
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cz;nld;gjw;Fr; rl;lk; cj;juthjkspf;Fk;.

ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 35

ghiy mbg;gilahff;nfhz;l ghugl;rq;fs; njhlu;ghfTk; ,e;j Vw;ghLfis kdpj
cupikfs; FO> tpsf;fpg; gpuNahfpj;Js;sJ. kdpj cupikfs; FOtpd; ~ghugl;rkpd;ik|kPjhd nghJf; fUj;Jiu 18Ig; ghUq;fs;.
UN Doc. HRI/GEN/1/Rev.6 at 146, 2003

rfy tbtq;fspYk; mike;j ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd ghugl;rq;fis xopj;jy; gw;wpa
rkthak;. 1979> cWg;Giu 1: jw;Nghija rkthaj;jpd; Nehf;fj;ijg; nghWj;j tiuapy;~~ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd ghugl;rk;|| vd;w gjk;> ghy; mbg;gilapy; fhl;lg; gLk; ve;jnthU
NtWghl;il my;yJ tpyf;fp itj;jiy> my;yJ fl;Lg;ghl;ilf; Fwpf;Fk;. vdNt
ngz;zpd;
tpthf
epiy
vg;gbapUg;gpDk;>
Mz;fSk;ngz;fSk;
rkk;
vd;w
mbg;gilapYk;> murpay;> nghUshjhuk;> r%fk;> fyhr;rhuk;> Fbapay;> vd;w gug;Gf;fSld;
NtW ve;jg; gug;G rk;ge;khfTk; kdpj cupikfSk; mbg;gilr; Rje;jpuq;fSk; rkk; vd;w
mbg;gilapYk; Vw;wq;fPfupj;jiy my;yJ mDgtpj;jiy my;yJ gad;gLj;Jjiyr;
rpijf;Fk;
my;yJgadw;wjhf;Fk;
jhf;fj;ij
my;yJ
Nehf;fj;ij>,itnfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.
rfy tbtq;fspYk; mike;j ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd ghugl;rq;fis xopj;jy; vd;gJ gw;wpa
FOtpd; tpjg;Giufs; 25Ig; ghUq;fs;. UN.Doc. A/55/18, 2000

,dg;
ghugl;rk;>ghypay;jpirKfthf;fg;
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cyfkfh
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ghUq;fs;.
E/CN.4/1999/WG.1/Bp.7 (1999)
gps;isfspd; cupikfs; gw;wpa rkthak;> 1989> cWg;Giu 2(1): gps;isapd; my;yJ mjd;
ngw;Nwhupd; my;yJ mjd; ghJfhtyupd; ,dk;> epwk;> ghy;> nkhop> rkak;> murpay; my;yJ
NtW mgpg;gpuhaq;fs;> Njrpa> my;yJ ,d my;yJ r%fj; Njhw;wk;> nrhj;J> ,ayhik>
gpwg;G my;;yJ NtWk; me;j];J vg;gb ,Ug;gpDk; vt;tpj ghugl;rKk; ,d;wp> jw;Nghija
rkthaj;jpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s cupikfis muRf;fspd; jug;gpdu; kjpj;J> jkJ
epahahjpf;fj;jpw;Fl;gl;Ls;s xt;nthU gps;isf;Fk; mtw;iw cWjpg;gLj;Jtu;.
(2)
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ngw;Nwhupd;
my;yJrl;luPjpahd
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my;yJ
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ek;gpf;iffs; vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; ,lk;ngwf;$ba rfy tbtq;fspYk; mike;jghugl;rq;fs; my;yJ jz;lidfs; vd;gtw;wpypUe;J gps;is ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;bajw;Fg;
ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 36

nghUj;jkhd
rfy
cWjpg;gLj;Jtu;.

eltbf;iffisAk;

muRf;fspd;

jug;gpdu;

vLg;gu;vd;gij,ayhikfSf;Fl;gl;l Ml;fspd; cupikfs; gw;wpa rkthak;> cWg;Giu 1> 2> 3> 4
vd;gdTk; cWg;Giu Ie;jpYs;s ghugl;rj;jpd; kPjhd Fwpg;ghd jilAk;: rkj;JtKk;
ghugl;rkpd;ikAk;: 1. rl;lj;jpd;Kd; ahtUk; rkk;@ rl;lj;jpd; fPo; ahtUk; rkk;. Vt;tpj
ghugl;rKkpd;wpr; rl;lj;jpd; rkkhd ghJfhg;Gk; rkkhd ed;ikAk; midtUf;Fk; cz;L
vd;gij muRf;fspd; jug;gpdu; Vw;wq;fPfupg;gu;. 2. ,ayhikfs; vd;w mbg;gilapy; rfy
ghugl;rq;fisAk; jilnra;J> rfy re;ju;g; gq;fspYk; ghugl;rj;jpw;nfjpuhd> rkkhd>
gaDWjp tha;e;j rl;lg; ghJfhg;ig ,ayhikfSs;s rfyUf;Fk; muRf;fspd; jug;gpdu;
cj;jthjkspg;gu;.

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mbg;gilapy; fhl;lg;gLk; ve;jnthU NtWghl;il my;yJ tpyf;fp itj;jiy my;yfl;Lg;ghl;ilf; Fwpf;Fnkd;W> ,ayhikf;Fl;gl;l Ml;fspd; cupikfs; gw;wpa rkthak;tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. vdNt murpay;> nghUshjhuk;> r%fk;> fyhr;rhuk;> Fbapay;
vd;w gug;Gf;fSld; NtW ve;jg; gug;Gr; rk;ge;jkhfTk; kdpj cupikfisAk; mbg;glr;
Rje;jpuq;fisAk;
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36

Fwpg;ghf ghy; jd;ik> ghypay; jpirKfthf;fk; vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy;> ghugl;rj;ijj;
jLf;Fk; tpNrl %yq;fis> ^lDf;nfjpuhf mT];jpNuypah njhlu;ghf kdpj cupikfs;
FO mjd; Ie;jhk; mku;tpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l jPu;khdq;fspy; fz;Lnfhs;syhk;.
Communication

No.

488/1992,

U.N.

DocCCPR/C/50/D/488/1992(1994);

http://hrw.org/lgbt/ pdf/toonen.pdf. ,ijj; njhlu;e;J te;j njhlu;ghly;fspYk;> kdpj
cupikfs; FO> muRf;fSf;F toq;fpa> KbTWj;Jk; fUj;JiufspYk; fz;Lnfhs;syhk;.

I.n]ap]; vd;gtupd; ~~Bracketing Sexuality; kdpj cupikfSk; ghypay;
jpirKf thf;fKk; - If;fpa ehLfspd; mikaj;jpy; xU jrhg;j tpUj;jp>|| 7(2) cldyKk;
kdpj cupikfSk;> fhyhz;L ntspaPL> 49 - 80> 2004 IAk; ghUq;fs;.
jkJ ghy; jd;ik gw;wpa ek;gpf;iffs; fhuzkhf> rkj;Jtk; kWf;fg;gl;l ngz;fisg;
gw;wp> ICCPR ,d; fl;Liu %d;wpy; tpsf;fKk; vl;LjYk; njhlu;ghd kdpj cupikfs;
ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 37

FOtpd;nghJf;

fUj;Jiu

28Ig;

ghUq;fs;:

Mz;fSf;Fk;ngz;fSf;Fk;,ilapy;cupikfspy; rkj;Jtk; UN Doc.CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.10 (2000)
37

If;fpa ehLfspd; nghJthd tpsf;ff;$w;W: kdpj cupikfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l>mgptpUj;jp xj;Jiog;G mZFKiw – If;fpa ehLfspd; jhgdq;fSf; fpilNa nghJthd
tpsf;fj;ij Nehf;fp> If;fpa ehLfs; jhgdq;fSf;fpilapyhd nrayku;T> Nk> 2003
38

cjhuzkhf> rfy tbtq;fspYk; mike;j ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd ghugl;rq;fis xOj;jy;
gw;wpa rkthak;> cWg;Giu Viog; ghUq;fs;: ehl;bd; murpay; tho;tpYk; nghJ tho;tpYk;
ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd ghugl;rq;fis xopg;gjw;F muRf;fspd; jug;gpdu; nghUj;jkhd rfy
eltbf;iffisAk; Nkw;nfhs;tu;. Fwpg;ghf Mz;fSf;Fr; rkkhd tpjj;jpy; gpd;tUk;
cupikfis>muRf;fspd;
jug;gpdu;>
ngz;fSf;FcWjpg;gLj;Jtu;:(m)rfy
Nju;jy;fspYk; nghJkf;fs; xg;gq; Nfhly;fspYk; thf;fspj;jYk; nghJ kf;fshy; njupT
nra;ag;gLk; rfy FOf;fspYk; njupT nra;ag;gLtjw;F jfTjpwd; ngWjy;@ (M)murhq;ff;nfhs;iffis
cUthf;FtjpYk;
mtw;iw
eilKiwg;gLj;JtjpYk;
gq;Fgw;WjYk; murhq;fj;jpy; gjtp tfpj;jYk; rfy murhq;f kl;lq;fspYk; rfy
murhq;ff; flikfisAk; epiwNtw;Wjy;@ (,) ehl;bd; nghJ kf;fspd; tho;TlDk;
rk;ge;jg; gl;l murhq;fr; rhu;gw;w mikaq;fspYk; rq;fq;fspYk; gq;Fgw;Wjy;.
1997Mk; Mz;L> 16Mk; mku;tpy;> ~murpay; tho;Tk; nghJ tho;Tk;| gw;wpa CEDHW
FOtpd; nghJ tpjg;Giuapy; ,J NkYk; njspthf ntspg;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;sJ.

Nahf;ahfhu;lh

jj;Jtk;25:

nghJ

tho;tpy;gq;Fgw;Wtjw;fhd

cupik

jpirKfthf;fk;. ghy;epiy milahsk; vd;gd njhlu;ghf ru;tNjr
rl;lj;jpd; gpuNahfk; gw;wpa Nahf;afu;j;jh jj;Jtq;fisAk; ghUq;fs;.

kdpj

–

ghypay;cupikfs;

39vr;Itp – va;l;];> kdpj cupikfs; vd;gd njhlu;ghd ru;tNjr topfhl;ly;fs; (2006>

jpul;ba $w;W) kdpj cupikfSf;fhd cau; Mizau; mYtyfKk;> UNAIDS ck; );http://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/hiv/guidelines.htm
40

gps;isfspd; cupikfs; gw;wpa rkthaj;jpd; kPjhd FOtpd; ~gps;isapd; cupikfs;
gw;wpa rkthaj;jpd; njhlu;gpy; Fkug;gUtj;jpdupd; cldyKk; mgptpUj;jpAk;| (2003) ge;jp8> vd;gJ gw;wpa nghJf; fUj;Jiuiag; ghUq;fs;. gps;isapd; fUj;Jf;fSf;F kupahij
ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 38

nfhLj;jy;@
Rje;jpukhff;
fUj;Jf;fisj;
njuptpg;gjw;Fk;
mtw;iwf;
ftdj;jpw;nfLj;Jnfhs;sr; nra;tjw;Fk; cs;s cupikAk; (cWg;Giu 12) Fkug;
gUtj;jpdupd; cldyj;jpw;Fk; mgptpUj;jpf;Fkhd cupikia vl;Ltjw;F mbg;gilahFk;.
jk;ikg;ghjpf;Fk;rfy
tp\aq;fs;
njhlu;ghfTk;>
Fwpg;ghf
FLk;gj;jpDs;Sk;
ghlrhiyapYk; mtu;fspdJ rKjhaq; fspYk; FUkug;gUtj;j;jpdu; Rje;jpukhfj; jkJ
fUj;Jf;fis
ntspapLtjw;Fcz;ikahd
re;ju;g;gk;
toq;fg;gLfpd;wnjd;gij
muRf;fspd; jug;gpdu;fs; cWjpg; gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. ,t;Tupikiaf; Fkug; gUtj;jpdu;,lupy;yhkYk; cfe;j tpjj;jpYk; gad;gLj;j Ntz;LNkahdhy; gps;isfSld; gzp GupAk;
my;yJ gps;isfSf;fhfg; gzp GupAk; murhq;f mYtyu;fSk;> ngw;NwhUk; taJ te;j
VidNahUk;> ek;gpf;if> jftiyg; gfpu;jy;> nrtpkLf;Fk; Mw;wy; rpwe;j topfhl;ly;
vd;gtw;iw mbg;gilahff;nfhz;lJk;> KbTfisr; nra;Ak; nrad;Kiwfs; cl;gl
Fkug;gUtj;jpdu; rkkhfg; gq;Fgw;Wtjw;Fr; rhjfkhd #oiy cUthf;f Ntz;Lk;.
41

ghy; mbg;gilg; ghugl;rKk; elkhl;lk; njhlu;ghd ghugl;rKk; njhlu;ghf> Mz; fSf;Fk;ngz;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; cupikfspy; rkj;Jtk; gw;wpa kdpj cupikfs; FOtpd; nghJf;
fUj;Jiu 28Ig; ghUq;fs;.
elkhl;lj;jpw;fhd Rje;jpuk; gw;wpa cupik kPjhd Nahf;ahfhu;lh jj;Jtk; 22IAk; 2006Mk;
Mz;bd; vr;.I.tp/va;l;];> kdpj cupikfs; gw;wpa ru;tNjr topfhl;ly; fisAk; ghUq;fs;.

42

Fbapay;> murpay; cupikfs; gw;wpa ru;tNjr xUg;ghL> 1966 cWg;Giu 9.1: Rje;jpuk;>nrhe;jk;> ghJfhg;G gw;wpa cupik xt;nthUtUf;Fk; cz;L. xUtNuDk; jd;dpr;irahff;
ifJ
nra;ag;glNth
jLj;Jitf;fg;glNth
KbahJ.
Rl;lg;gb
epWtg;gl;leilKiwfSf;fpzq;ftd;wp> Ntnwjw;fhfTk; vtUila Rje;jpuKk; ePf;fg;gl KbahJ.
43

Fbapay;> murpay; cupikfs; gw;wpa ru;tNjr xUg;ghL> 1966 cWg;Giu 7:~~rpj;jputij> nfh^ukhf elj;jg;gLjy;> kdpjhgpkhdkw;w tpjj;jpy; my;yJ ,opthf
elj;jg;gLjy; my;yJ jz;bf;fg;gLjy; vd;gtw;wpw;F vtUk; Mshf KbahJ. Fwpg;ghf
xUtUila RNar;irahd ,zf;fkpd;wp mtu;> itj;jpa> my;yJ tpQ;Qhd uPjpahd
NrhjidfSf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl KbahJ.
rpj;jputij> nfh^ukhfTk; kdpjhgpkhdkpd;wpAk; ,opthfTk; elj;jg;gLtjw;F vjpuhd
ghJfhg;Gf;fis> rpj;jputijf;nfjpuhd FO> If;fpa mnkupf;fhtpy; rpiwr; rhiyfspy;
ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd
ghypay;td;KiwfSf;F
vjpuhfTk;
gpuNahfpj;
Js;sJ.
ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
rk;Nksdj;jpy;
MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 39
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rpj;jputijf;nfjpud FOtpd; KbTfSk; tpjg;GiufSk;: If;fpa mnkupf;fh 2000; UN Doc.

A/55/44, ge;jpfs; 175-180> 2000.

Rpj;jputij> nfh^ukhfTk; kdpjhgpkhdkpd;wpAk; ,opthfTk; elj;jg;gLtjw;F vjpuhd
ghJfhg;Gf;fis> rpj;jputijf;nfjpuhd FO> jd;dpdg; Gzu;r;rpahsu;fs; kPJk; ghy;epiyf;F,irthf
elf;fhj
Ml;fs;
kPJk;
fhl;lg;gLk;
J\;gpuNahfk
uPjpahfg;
GupAk;
NrhjidfSf;Fk; Vida nray;fSf;Fk; vjpuhfg; gpuNahfpj; Js;sJ.
jkJ ghypay; my;yJ ghy;epiy milahsk; fhuzkhf> mtu;fs; kPJ elj;jg;gLk; ghypay;
jhf;Fjy;fs; mtu;fs; rpj;jputij nra;ag;gLjy;> nfh^ukhfTk; kdpjhgpkhdkpd;wpAk;,opthfTk; elj;jg;gLjy; vd;gd gw;wp> rpj;jputijf;nfjpuhd tpNrl mwpf;if> ngUk;
ftiyiag; gjpTnra;Js;sJ. ru;tNjr ePjp kd;wj;jpd; 106 – 107 tiuahd crhj;Jiz
topfhl;lw; gf;fq;fisg; ghUq;fs;.
UN Doc. EICN. 4/2002/76
44

midtiuAk; ghJfhg;gjw;F> tpNrlkhf> ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd td;KiwfSf;nfjp uhfTk;
Vida J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;nfjpujhfTk; mtrpag;gLk; cj;jtuthjq;fis va;Jtjw;fhf>cly; rhu;e;j KOikg;ghL gw;wpa cupik> mjpfupj;j mstpy; cgNahfpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
,r;nray;fs; cldyk;> Ra ,iwik> rpj;;jputijapypUe;J tpLgl;bUj;jy; vd;git
Fd;Wtjw;Ff; fhuzkhfpd;wd.

nray;fSf;fhd ngz;fspd; Nkil gw;wpa If;fpa ehLfspd; ehd;fhtJ cyf kfhehL(FWCW)> nga;[pq;> rPdh@ 4 – 15 nrg;nlk;gu;> 1995. ge;jp 112 Ig; ghUq;fs;.

cly;rhu;e;j KOikg;ghL gw;wpa cupikapy; nrYj;jg;gl;l ftdk; njhlu;ghf> rfy
tbtq;fspYk; mike;j ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd td;nray;fSf;nfjpuhf> If;fpa ehLfspd;
nrayhsu; ehafj;jpd; Mo;e;j Ma;itAk; ghUq;fs;.
UN Doc. A162/122/Add.ab para 277
45nga;[pq; gpufldk;> nraYf;fhd ngz;fspd; Nkil nraw;gLj;jg;gl;ljd; Ie;J Mz;LkPsha;tpd; tpisT gw;wpa> If;fpa ehLfspd; jPu;khdk; A/Res/S. 23.3
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/followup/ress233e.pdf
ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 40

46

kdpj

cupikfis

Mjupg;gtu;fspd;

epiyikgw;wpa>nrayhsu;

ehafj;jpd;

tpNr\

gpujpepjpapd; mwpf;ifiag; ghUq;fs;. E/cn.4/2006/95/Add.I, January 17, 2001, para 175
ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd

td;Kiwfs;>

mjw;fhd

fhuzq;fSk;

gyhgyd;fSk;

3.

E/CN/2005/72/Add/3 ngg;utup 10> 2005> ge;jp 21kdpj cupikfs; FOtpd; KbTWj;Jk;

mtjhdpg;Gf;fs;@ rpyp> CCPR/C/79/Add.104> khu;r; 30> 1999 ge;jp 20 @ ePjpKiwf;Fg;
Gwk;ghd epiwNtw;wk; gw;wpa tpNrl mwptpg;ghsupd; mwptpg;G> E/CN.4/2002/74 [dtup 9>
2002@

ePjp

Kiwf;Fg;

Gwk;ghd

epiwNTw;wk;

cldb

epiwNtw;wk;>jd;

tpUg;gg;gb

epiwNtw;wk; gw;wpa tpNrl mwptpg;ghsupd; mwpf;if, E/CN.4/2001/9. [dtup 11, 2001, E/CN,[dtup 17, 2001, ge;jp 175
rl;lty;Yeu;fspd;

ru;tNjr

Mizak;>

cupikfs;rl;lj;jpy;ghypay;If;fpa ehLfspd; kdpj cupikfs;

kdpj

jpirKfthf;fKk; ghy;epiy milahsKk;>
Kiwikapd; rl;ltpaYk; Nfhl;ghLk;> xf;Nlhgu;> 2007

http://www.icj.org/news.php3?id_article=4209&lang=en
47

ru;tNjr kdpj cupikfs; rl;lj;jpy; ,e;jg; gpur;rpid njspthfg; gpujpgypf;fg; gLfpwJ.
Cjhuzk;: ngz;zpd; rdd cWg;Gj; Jz;bg;gpd; kPjhd> fl;lha tpthfk; kPjhd jPu;khdk;
15/3 UN Doc. E/2007/27-E/CN.6/2007/9;
mwptpg;ghsupd; mwptpg;G: ~ngz;fs; kPJ

ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd

td;KiwkPjhd>

td;Kiwfisg; gpuNahfpf;Fk;

tpNrl

FLk;gq;fspy;>fyhr;rhu eilKiwfs;| E/CN.4/2002/83, 31 [dtup> 2002
48

vr;Itp/va;l;];> kdpj cupikfs; vd;gd gw;wpa ru;tNjr topfhl;ly;fs;> 2006> jpul;ba$w;W> kdpj cupikfs;> UNAIDS ,w;fhd If;fpa ehLfspd; cau; Mizaupd; mYtyfk;
at: http://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/hiv/guidelines.htm~~INuhg;ghtpy; ghypay; njhopypy; <LgLk; ngz;fs; - mwpf;if>|| ~INuhg;ghtpy; ghypay;
njhopyhspfspd; cupikfs; gw;wpa gpufldk;| vd;gtw;iwAk; ghUq;fs;.
at:http://www.sexworkeurope.org/site/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=24&
Itemid=201
49

vr;Itp/va;;l;]; kdpj cupikfs; vd;gd gw;wpa ru;tNjr topfhl;ly;fs;> 2006> jpul;ba$w;W> kdpj cupikfs;> UNAIDS ,w;fhd If;fpa ehLfspd; cau; Mizaupd; mYtyfk;
ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 41

at: http://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/hiv/guidlines.htm

Nahf;ahu;j;jh jj;Jtk; VioAk; ghUq;fs;.
50

Nahf;ahu;j;jh jj;Jtk; Ie;ijg; ghUq;fs;.
kdpj cupikfs; jPu;khdk; gw;wpa Mizak; 1998/52. ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd td;Kiwfis

51

xopj;jy;>| ESCOR Supp.(No.3)at 171, UN Doc. E/CN.4/1998/52/(1998); ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd
td;Kiwfs; gw;wpa tpNr\ msptpg;ghsupd; mwpf;if> mjd; fhuzq;fSk; gyhgyd;fSk;>
nry;tp uhjpfh FkhuRthkp> kdpj

cupikfs; jPu;khdk; kPjhd Mizafj;jpw;fpzq;fr;

rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. 1997/44/UN Doc.E/CN.4/ 1998/54

jd;dpdg; Gzu;;r;rpahdsu;fnsd ,dq;fhzg;gl;l my;yJ ghy;epiyf;fpzq;fhj Ml;fs;(ghy; khwpNahu;> khw;Wg; ghypayhsu;fs;)> fhg;Gg; Gfyplk; vd;Nghu; njhlu;ghd ghy;
mbg;gilj;Jd;GWj;jy;fs; gw;wpa fUj;JiufSf;F> gpd;tUtd tw;iwg; ghUq;fs;:
ePjpKiwf;Fg;

Gwk;ghd

epiwNtw;wy;

gw;wpatpNrl

mwptpg;ghsupd;mwpf;if>

E/CN.4/2002/74, [dtup 9, 2002; ePjpKiwf;Fg; Gwg;ghd epiwNtw;w> cldb epiwNtw;wk;

jd;tpUg;gg;b epiwNtw;wk; gw;wpa tpNrl mwptpg;ghsupd; mwpf;if E/CN.4/2001/9, [dtup 11,
2001, E/CN.4/2001/9/Add1, [dtup 17, 2001, ge;jp 175

rl;l ty;Yeu;fspd; ru;tNjr Mizafk;: kdpj cupikfs; rl;lj;jpy;> ghypay;
jpirKfthf;fKk; ghy;epiy milahsKk;> If;fpa ehLfspd; kdpj cupikfs;
Kiwikapy; rl;ltpaYk; Nfhl;ghLk; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gf;fisAk; ghUq;fs;. xf;Nlhgu; 2007>
gf;fq;fs; 177 – 180
at: http://www.icj.org/news.pnp3?id_article=4209&long=en

mfjpfSf;fhd> If;fpa ehLfspd; cau; Mizau; (UNHCR), mfjpfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay;

52

td;Kiwfisj; jLj;jYk; mtw;wpw;Fj; Jyq;FjYk; gw;wpa topfhl;ly;fs;> 1995
at: http://www.ohchr.org/publ/PUBL/3b9cc26c4.pdf
Nahf;afu;j;jh jj;Jtk; 23IAk; ghUq;fs;.
ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 42

53

mfjpfSf;fhd>

If;fpaehLfspd;cau;

Mizau;(UNHCR),

mfjpfSf;nfjp

uhd

ghypay; td;Kiwfisj; jLj;jYk; mtw;wpw;Fj; Jyq;FjYk; gw;wpa topfhl;ly;fs;> 1995
at: http://www.ohchr.org/publ/PUBL/3b9cc26c4.pdf

mfjpfSf;fhd If;fpa ehLfs; cau; Mizau; (UNHCR), mfjpfs;> jpUk;gpNahu;> cs;
ehl;by; ,lk;ngau;e;j Ml;fs; vd;NghUf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;KiwfSk; ghy;epiymbg;giltd;KiwfSk;
jtpu;j;jYf;Fk;
Jyq;fYf;Fkhd
topfhl;ly;fs;(2003)>
Nahf;afu;j;jh jj;Jtk; 23.
54

Fbapay;> murpay; cupikfs; gw;wpa ru;tNjr xUg;ghL> cWg;Giu 17: jdp epiy>FLk;gk;> fhyk; my;yJ vOj;Jj; njhlu;G vd;git njhlu;ghf jd;dpr;I rahd my;yJ
rl;ltpNuhjkhd jiyaPl;bw;F xUtUk; Mshf;fg;glyhfhJ@ xUtU ila Nkjifik>
ew;ngau; vd;gtw;wpd; kPJ rl;ltpNuhjkhd jhf;Fjy;fSf;Fk; Mshf;fg;glyhfhJ.
cyf Rfhjhu mikAk; (WHO) ~ghypay; rhu; NrhbfSf;F vr;.I.tp. epiyik gw;wp

55

newpg;gLj;jy;: ngz;fSf;fhd tpfpjq;fs; (tpiyfs;)> jilfs;> gyhgyd;fs;| vd;gijg;
ghUq;fs;.(n[dPth. cyf Rfhjhu mikAk; WHO 2004)

http://www.who.int/gender/documents/en/VCTinformationsheet_%5b92%20KB%5d.pdf

KOikahd mwpf;iff;F:

http://www.who.int/gender/documents/en/genderdimensions.pdf
56

Nahf;afu;j;jh jj;Jtk; 9Ig; ghUq;fs;.

57

Nahf;afu;j;jh jj;Jtk; 9Ig; ghUq;fs;.

58

tu;j;jf
Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf
Ml;fisf;
flj;Jjiy>Fwpg;ghfg;
ngz;fisAk;
gps;isfisAk; flj;Jjiy> jLj;jy;> xLf;Fjy;> jz;bj;jy; vd;git njhlu;ghd If;fpa
ehLfspd; %y Mtzk;> Njrq;fSf;$lhd xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l Fw;wq;fSf; nfjpuhd
If;fpa ehLfspd; rkthaj;ijf; Fiw epug;Gjy;.
at: http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/crime_convention.htm1#final
59

Nahf;afu;j;jh jj;Jtk; 19Ig; ghUq;fs;.

ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 43

60

ru;tNjr cupikfspd; cyfyhtpa gpufldk;> 1949. cWg;Gupik 19: xt;nthUf;Fk;

fUj;Jf;fisj; njuptpf;f cupik cz;L. jiyaPbd;wp fUj;Jf; fisf; nfhz;bUf;fTk;
njuptpf;fTk; ehLtjw;Fk;> ngWtjw;Fk;> jfty;fis toq;Ftjw;Fk;> fUj;Jf;fis
vt;tpjj; jilapd;wp Clfq;fspD}lhf toq;F tjw;Fk; cupik cz;L.
61

Nahf;afu;j;jh jj;Jtk; 19Ig; ghUq;fs;.

62

ru;tNjr cupikfspd; cyfyhtpa gpufldk;> cWg;Giu 20: mikjpahfj; jpuz;L$Ltjw;Fk; xUq;fpiztjw;Fkhd mjd; Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhd cupik xt;nthU tUf;Fk;
cz;L. ve;jnthU rq;fj;ijAk; Nru Ntz;Lnkd;W xUtUk; epu;g;ge;jpf;fg;glyhfhJ.
63

nghUshjhu> r%f> fyhr;rhu cupikfs; gw;wpa ru;tNjr xUg;ghL> cWg;Giu 12.1:
vl;lf;$ba kpf cau;e;j juj;jpyike;j cldyj;ijAk; cs eyj;ijAk; mDgtpf;Fk;
cupik xt;nthUtUf;Fk; cz;nld;gijj; jw;Nghija xUg;ghl;bd; muRf;fspd; jug;gpdu;
Vw;wq;fPfupg;gu;.
64

nghUshjhu> r%f> fyhrhu cupikfs; gw;wpa FOtpd; nghJf; fUj;Jiu 14: vl;lf;$ba
kpf cau;e;j juj;jpy; mike;j cldyj;jpw;F cupik (nghUshjhu> r%f> fyhrhu
cupikfs; gw;wpa ru;tNjr xUg;ghl;bd; cWg;Giu 12> 2000)

65

ghypay; cupikfs; ,dg;ngUf;f cupikfs; gw;wpa ru;tNjr> jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt

rk;Nksdk;(IPPF) gl;lak;.

http://www.ippf.org/en/Resources/Statements/IPPF+Charter+on+Sexual+and+Reproductiv
e+Rights.htm.

Nahf;afu;j;jh jj;Jtk; 21Ig; ghUq;fs;.
66

nghUshjhu> r%f. fyhr;rhu cupikfs; gw;wpa ru;tNjr xUg;ghL> cWg;Giu 15.1 (b):jw;Nghija

xUg;ghl;il

xd;Wf;nfhz;Ls;sru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

muRf;fspd;

jug;gpdu;>(b)

tpQ;Qhd

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 44

Kd;Ndw;wj;jpdJk; mjDila gpuNahfq;fspdJk;
xt;nthUtUf;Fk; cz;nld;gij Vw;wq;fPfupf;fpd;wJ.
67

rfy

tbtq;fspYk;

rkthak;>cWg;Giu

mike;j>10(h):ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd

fy;tpj;JiwapYk;>

eyd;fismDgtpf;Fk;ghugl;rq;fis

Fwpg;ghf>

Mz;>

xopj;jy;

ngz;

cupik

gw;wparkj;Jtj;jpd;

mbg;gilahYk;
Mz;fSf;Fr;rkkhd
cupikfiscWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd ghugl;rq;fis xopg;gjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd rfy eltbf;if fisAk;
muRf;fspd; jug;gpd;; Nkw;nfhs;thu;fs;…..(h) FLk;gj;jpl;lk; gw;wpa jfty;fs;> mwpTiufs;
cl;gl> FLk;gq;fspd; cldyidAk; ey;tho;itAk; cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F cjTtjw;fhf>
Fwpg;ghd fy;tpj; jfty;fis mZfpg;ngWjy;.
68

rdj;njhifAk; mgptpUj;jpAk; gw;wpa ru;tNjr kfhehL> rdj;njhifAk; mgptpUj;jpAk;
gw;wpa ru;tNjr kfhehl;bd; nray; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;ij NkYk; nraw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
gpujhd eltbf;iffs; vd;gtw;iwAk; ghUq;fs;.
UN Doc: Ares/S21/2, ge;jp 73:

nray; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd; 7.45> 7.46 vd;w ge;jpfSf;fika> Fkug;gUt
ghypay; cldyk; ,dg;ngUf;f cldyk; vd;git njhlu;ghf. Nray;
epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F> Kd;Dupik vd;w tpj;jpd;>
xt;nthU
Kaw;rpiaAk;,isNahupd;
KO<Lghl;LlDk;
ru;tNjrrKjhaj;jpd; MjuTlDk;> murhq;fq;f;s Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld;
ngw;Nwhupd; cupikfs;> flikfs;> nghWg;Gf;fs; vd;gtw;wpw;F cupa kupahij
toq;Fk; mNjNtis> cUthfptUk; Fkug;gUtj;jpdupd; Mw;wy;fSf;F
mikAk; tpjj;jpYk; ,dg;ngUf;f cldyk;> fy;tp> jfty;fs;> ftdpg;G
vd;gtw;wpw;F
mtu;fs;ngw;Ws;scupikfSf;fikaTk;
tpjj;jpYk;
mtu;fSila fyhr;rhu tpOkpaq;fs;> rka ek;gpf;iffs; vd;gtw;wpw;F
kjpg;gspj;J> ghlrhiyfSf;Fs;Sk; ghlrhiyf;F ntspapYk; mtrpakhd
jfty; fisg; ngWthu;fnsd;W>Fkug;gUtj;jpdUf;F cWjpaspf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Fkug;gUtf; fUj;jupg;Gf;fspd; vz;zpf;ifiaf; Fiwg;gjw;fhf> mtu; fs;
jkJ
ghypay;cldyj;
NjitfisAk;,dg;ngUf;fcldyj;
NjitfisAk; gw;wpa nghWg;Gkpf;f jfty; mwpe;j njupTfisAk;

ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 45

KbTfisAk; nra;tjw;F cjTtjw;fhfj; jtpj;jy;> fy;tp> MNyhr
idfis toq;Fjy;> cley Nritfs; njhlu;ghd jfty;fs;> NkNy
Fwpg;gplg;gl;l jfty;fspy; ,lk;ngw Ntz;Lk;.
http://www.unfpa.org/icpd/docs/icpd5/resolution/icpd5_eng.pdf
69

ghypay;> ,dtpUj;jp cupikfs; gw;wpa ru;tNjr> jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
rk;Nksdj;jpd;
gl;lak;> 8.1
http://www.ippf.org/en/Resources/Statements/IPPF+Charter+on+Sexual+and+Reproductiv
e+Rights.htm.
70

Nahf;afu;j;jh jj;Jtk; 24Ig; ghUq;fs;.

71

rfy tbtq;fspYk; mike;j ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd ghugl;rq;fis xopj;jy; gw;wpa rkthak;>cWg;Giu 16(1)(e): tpthfk; FLk;gj;njhlu;Gf;s gw;wpa rfy tp\aq;fsp Yk;> muRf;fspd;
jug;gpdu;>
ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd
ghugl;rq;fis
xopg;gjw;F>
rfy
eltbf;iffisAk;
Nkw;nfhs;tu;.
Fwpg;ghf>
Mz;fSk;ngz;fSk;nghUj;jkhd
rkk;
vd;w

mbg;gilapy;> gpd;tUk; cupikfs; cWjpg;gLj;Jtu;. (e) jkJ gps;is fspd; vz;zpf;if
gw;wpAk; mg;gps;isfisg; ngwNtz;ba ,ilntsp gw;wpAk;> Rje;jpukhfTk; nghWg;GlDk;
KbT nra;Ak; mNj cupikfSk; ,e;j cupikfis gad;gLj;Jtjw;F cjTk; tifapy;
juTfs;> fy;tp> topfs;> vd;gtw;iw mZfpg; ngWk; cupikAk; ngz;fSf;F cz;L.
72

Nahf;afu;j;jh jj;Jtk; 28> Nahf;afu;j;jh jj;Jtk; 29

ru;tNjr jpl;lkplg;gl;l ngw;whHJt
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

rk;Nksdj;jpy;

MSk; rigapdhy; 2008.Nk.10 Me; jpfjp 46