What is ISSA?
The International Social Studies Association (ISSA) is a network organization managed by academicsocieties of social studies education in Asian countries. The Association mainly comprises social studieseducation academic research organizations with locations in the Asia-Pacific region. It exists for the purposof allowing mutual exchange and cooperation between academic organizations for the furtherance ofsocial studies education through international research and practical activities by member academicorganizations.
President of ISSATomohito HaradaShiga University, Japan

What is JERASS?
The Japanese Educational Research Association for Social Studies (JERASS) has seen several changes anddevelopments in recent time with JERASS including practitioners, policy makers, and researchers whohave special interests in social studies education. JERASS believes in fostering people who have the potentialto contribute to these fields in the future. The aim of JERASS is to promote, accumulate, and expandresearch and projects on social studies by organizing and supporting lectures, seminars, and workshopsthat enhance networking among national and international institutions and by publishing journals, books,and websites on a regular basis.
President of JERASSKenji TanahashiHiroshima University, JapanCopyright © 2018 the International Social Studies Association (ISSA) and Japanese EducationalResearch Association for the Social Studies (JERASS) . All rights reserved. No part of this publicationmay be reproduced, stored, transmitted, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permissionfrom JERASS and ISSA, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed, in writing.
Production, Advertising and Subscription Office (Office of ISSA): Department of Social StudiesEducation, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University 1-1-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima,Hiroshima 739-8524, JAPAN. Tel: +81-82-424-4670, Fax: +81-82-424-5083.
Printed and bound in Hiroshima by TAKATOO PRINT MEDIA Co. Ltd., JAPAN.

Editorial Board:Akihide Mine (Chief) - Osaka Kyoiku University, JapanKiyoshi Karaki - Tsukuba University, JapanYoung-Seog Kim - Gyeongsang National University, KoreaNasution - Surabaya State University, IndonesiaSusumu Oshihara - Ehime University, JapanJasmine B.-Y. Sim - National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, SingaporeNoboru Tanaka - Gifu University, JapanHiroya Yoshimizu - Hyogo University of Teacher Education, Japan

Editorial Advisory Board:Keith Barton - Indiana University Bloomington, USAArthur Chapman - UCL Institute of Education, UKIan Davies - The University of York, UKAlois Ecker - Universität Wien, AustriaToshifumi Hirata - Oita University, JapanLi-Ching Ho - University of Wisconsin-Madison, USAKerry John Kennedy - The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong KongDavid Lambert - UCL Institute of Education, UKMyung-Hee Lee - Kongju National University, KoreaThomas Misco - Miami University, USAMitsuharu Mizuyama - Aoyama Gakuin University, JapanTakeo Morimo - Chuo University, JapanAudrey Osler - University College of South East Norway, Norway/ University of Leeds, UKNamsu Park - Daegu University, KoreaXiaomin Shen - East China Normal University, ChinaTakeshi Tsuchiya - Aichi University of Education, JapanElizabeth Tudball - Monash University, AustraliaWasino Wasino - Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia

Editorial Administrators:Hiromi Kawaguchi (Chief) - Hiroshima University, JapanJinichiro Saito (Vice Chief) - Tokai University, JapanYu Osaka (Vice Chief) – Tokuyama University, JapanKenjiro Goto – University of Yamanashi, JapanYoriko Hashizaki – Nara University of Education, JapanRyosuke Okada – Ochanomizu University, JapanJongsung Kim - Hiroshima University, JapanHiroaki Sakaue - Hyogo University of Teacher Education, JapanMasumi Tsubota - Tohoku Gakuin University, JapanTakumi Watanabe - Hiroshima University, Japan

ContentsSPECIAL ISSUE:Why should we study about social studies in Asia?
Rocking the Boat: Critical Reflexivity in Social Studies TeachersMalathy Krishnasamy, Jasmine B.-Y. Sim, and Shuyi Chua ............ 1Governance Issue on Citizenship/Social Studies Education:Democratic Education and its Paradox ProblemNorio Ikeno ............ 19Enculturation Model of Nationalism at Elementary Schools Based on theCharacter Education in Semarang City, Central Java Province, IndonesiaWasino Wasino and Hari Wuljanto ............ 33Developments and Challenges of Civic Education in Hong Kong SAR, China(1997-2017)
Eric King-man Chong ............ 47

ARTICLES:A Framework for Controversial Issue Gatekeeping within Social StudiesEducation: The Case of JapanJongsung Kim , Thomas Misco, Kazuhiro Kusahara, Toshinori Kuwabara,and Masato Ogawa ............ 65Reconstruction of Participation: Some implications to Social Studies Educationfrom a Comparative Study on Youth Participation of Sweden and JapanTatsuhei Morozumi ............ 77

Reviews of Policy, Practice and Research:Parent Engagement Policy in IndonesiaWasino Wasino, Siti Zulaicha, and Fitri Amalia Shintasiwi ............ 97The Latest Trend in the Reform of High School Education in Japan:Focusing on the Curriculum ReformTomohito Harada ............ 111Ideal Japanese Social Studies Researchers: Researcher as Supporter for Teacher’sAims Talk and His Good Gatekeeping.
Tatsuya Watanabe ............ 115