H E E A R T H NOT A GLOBBUTP O S IT IV E LY A P L A N

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PREFACE.
h e r e is an agreement between the word and works ofGod. The allusions of the word to the works are strictly
accurate, and the facts of nature attest that accuracy.

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The works of God are m agnificent; but their magnificenceis diminished and misrepresented by fanciful theories at yariance with His word. To maintain the connection is to holdfast an im portant tru th ; which is a delightful duty, and is oneof those fe w things by being faithful to which we may be “ maderulers over many things.”

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This work is certainly of God, for it is a vindication of theinspired accuracy of Scripture cosmogony.
I have a grateful remembrance of the late John Hampden,
Esq., who kindly sent me many useful papers, one of whichw as:—“ The Geometry of the Circular-plane and the Harmonyof the Solar Courses.” T am also indebted to A lbert Smith, ofLeicester, England, for his suggestive paper—“ The Sun-dial, aStrange Fact and a Forgotten Truth.” May God’s blessing gowith the book.
J o h n L a w so n .

ilT H E EARTH NOT A GLOBE, BUT POSITIVELY A PLANE.

CHAPTEE I.
The Earth a'nd Ocean not a Olribe; hut a circular-plane, ac­cording to the two great iooJcs o f Qod, Revelation andN ature.
According to the book of Eevelation, the word “ wgrld ” isused more thau 260 times in the Bible, and the word “ eartb^” .
850 times. The words “ round ” or ‘‘ globe ” or “ sphere ” arenever once applied to it N ot a single expression is used fromthe beginning of the inspired book to the end, suggestive of theidea that the earth is a planet, or, suggesting that the earth isanything else than a stationary plane.
1.
Passages speaking of the heavens above as “ stretched
out,” and the earth spread forth and stretched out upon thewaters, so that the line of the heavens is parallel with th at of
the earth.—Isaiah 42: 5; Psalm 136: 6. “ To H im that stretchedout the earth above the waters.”—Psalm 24: 2. “ He hathfounded the earth upon the seas and established it upon thefloods.”Genesis 1: 10, informs us that the waters weregathered together unto one place, and called seas, and upon
those seas the earth was founded, consequently the waters arebeneath and around the earth. The waters sustain the earth,sustain the earth as a whole.—2nd Peter 3 :5 . “ For this they
willingly are ignorant of, that by the word of God the hea.vens
were of old, and the earth standing or consisting out of thewater and in the water.” R. Y. read s; “ For this they wil­fully forget, that there were heavens Irom ot old, and an earth
compacted out of water and amidst (or through) water, by theword of God.’’
Compacted—held together—leagued with—
united. Now look! The earth is one—the continents appear
to us who are on the surface as being a great distance apart,yet these continents are joined together; they are connected intlie water and together they constitute one earth. These con­nections deep down in the water of continent with continent,
are themselves sustained by the waters underneath. “ Thewaters under the earth.” Those waters under the earth, sustain
the earth as a w hole; sustain the earth in its entirety. “ Theearth compacted out of water and amidst water by the word ofGod.” The dry land above, or out of the water compacted,
united with, the earth in the water and th at again compacted,
united with, the other continents amidst or through water.
The continent of America is compacted, united with thecontinents of Europe and Asia, amidst or through the water ofthe Atlantic. The continent of Africa, though connected with
Asia by the Isthm us of Suez, yet is compacted, united with
Asia and Europe amidst or through the water of the M editer­
ranean Sea, Ked Sea, and probably Arabian Sea. Australia
compacted, united with Asia amidst or through the water of
the Indian Ocean.
As the heavens are spread out above, and the earth
stretched out upon the waters, so the line of the heavens isparallel with that of the earth. That is the reason why theheavens seem to close or touch the earth at the horizon. They
are parallel. Parallel lines appear to converge in the distance.
In a long tunnel, the floor appears to rise to a level with theeye at the entrance, and the roof to come down to a level withthe eye, they are parallel; so with the earth and sky, they areparallel. The distant horizon appears on a level with the eye,and the sky in the distance seems to descend to a level with theeye. This has been particularly remarked by balloonists. A t
their greatest elevation, the horizon seemed to be on a level withthe eye, and the sky in the distance seemed to close with thehorizon. This is according to the law of perspective, parallel lines
appear to converge. In Isaiah 40: 22, we read : “ I t is H e thatisittteh upon (or over) the circle of the earth, and the inhabitants
are as grasshoppers.” I t is not said here “ circle of a globe,” no,but “ circle of the earth.” H e sitteth over the arctic circle andbeholdeth to the ends of the earth. The earth being stretchedout upon the waters, and therefore in its general configuration
it is a plane, it is f la t; the centre ot the earth is north, thecircumference is south. The ends of tbe earth, the extremitiesof the ea^’th are out towards the southern circumfei’ence. Cape
Horn is an end, l^ew Zealand is an end, Tasmania and Cape ot
Good Hope are ends. The great God sitteth over the circle ot
the earth—over the nortii centre and seeth to the ends of theearth. Isa, 45: 22. “ Look unto me and be ye saved all theends of the earth.” W e could not live on a globe—a globe
revolving on its axis and shooting away through space in its
o r b it round the sun. I t would be impossible to live upon it,
constituted as we are. In Isa. 4 5 :1 8 ; “ Thus saith the Lordthat created the heavens; God Himself that formed the earth
and made it; H e hath established it. He created it not in vain,
He formed it to be inhabited.” H e says: “ I am the Lord andthere is none else.” A revolving globe— a planet earth would
not be habitable. A planet earth, such as the modern astrono­mers speak of, is a thing ot the imagination; it does not exist innature, it is a vain thing; it is not the habitable earth. W hat
a cutting rebuke is here in these few words in Isaiah to themodern astronomers, the followers of Copernicus and Sir Isaac
Newton ! W hat a contrast to their theory. God formed theearth and made i t ; it became a reality ; He established i t ; H ecreated it not in vain ; H e Yormed it to be inhabited. Can you
apply these words to the planet earth of Copernicus and Sir
Isaac Newton? “ Formed the earth and m a d e it, established it.”
Is it so with the planet earth ? No. I t is not formed, not made,not established; it has no real, m aterial existence. I t is just athing of the imagination, supposition, hypothesis. God createdthe earth not in vain. H e formed it to be inhabited.
God said, let the dry land appear, the dry land did appear.
Let the waters be gathered together unto one place, and thewaters flowed into the place appointed tor them, beneath andaround the earth. H ere we are on this earth—living, moving,working, trading, buying and selling. This earth is a real earthy
it is inhabited as God m eant it to be, and some of our fellow
beings go down to the sea in ships and see the wonders of God
on th^e great waters. This earth is a real, material earth, andthis material earth, really, unmistakably and without doubt, iscompacted out of the water and amidst the water. B ut theplanet earth of Copernicus and Sir Isaac Newton is not real—
it has no m aterial existence, it is fictitious and visionary.
2.
'Ihere are also passages showing that the waters sur­rounding the earth have their bounds on the great southern
circumference. Job 26: 10, “ H e hath compassed the waters
w ith bounds, until the day and night come to an end.” In
Margin, “ until the 6nd of light with darkness.” In the E. V.
it is “ H e hath described a boundary on the face of the waters,
unto the confines of light and darkness.” Job 38: 8 ,9 ,1 0 ,“ W ho shut up the sea with doors when it brake forth.” 9—“ When I made the cloud, the garm ent thereof and thickdarkness a swaddling band for it.” 10th and 11th, “ And pre­scribed for it in j decree (or boundary) and set bars and doors,

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and said, hitherto shalt thou come, but no farther, and here
shall thy proud waves be stayed.” And far out there on thesouthern circumfereuce, are solid and impassable ramparts ofice, barriers—cliffs of ice—forbidding the further progrees ofdaring navigators. I t was so with Captain Wilks and Jas. 0.
Ross. Well, you a s k ; Do the Scriptures mention these solid
walls and barriers of ice out there on the southern circumfer­ence? Yes, they do. Job 38: 30; “ The face of the deep isfrozen.” The daring navigators on the southern seas, who havetold us of the solid walls of ice—the barriers and cliffs of ice—
disclose to us the meaning, the sublime meaning of such passages
aa Job 38: 30; Ps. 33: 7.
II.
The earth and ocean together constitute an immense
circular plane, according to the other book of God, Nature.
There are phenomenal proofs that the earth is not a globe, withnorth and south poles, but that ihe' earth is a plane, having thecentral region for its north, and, the southern circumference
for its south.
1.
Long periods of light and darkness, regularly alternating,is a phenomenal peculiarity of the north, but not of the south,and proves that the north is the central region, and the south
is the circumference.
During the summer solstice, the northern or central regionof the earth is illuminated for several months together, during
those months it is a long day without a night. This is aphenomenal characteristic of the north. This being the central
region, the diameter of the sun’s orbit in June is much smaller
than that of its December or winter solstice, its speed is not sogreat or rapid as it is in December when on its outer path,or orbit on the Tropic of Capricorn, consequently its rays
continue over the northern centre for several months. But inthe south this is not the case, though it would be if the earth
were a planet. In the south, on the contrary, the d».y closes
abruptly in summer, they have little or no 'twilight.
thesouth* seas beyond the 50th parallel, the sun will be shining
brightly, and, in a very short time, the sailor who happens to bealoft, will be in pitch darkness. The sun seems to drop below
the sea. A t Auckland, New Zealand, there is little or no
twilight. At Nelson, it is light till about 8 o’clock, then in a
few minutes it becomes too dark to see anything, and thechange comes over in almost no time. Twilight lasts but ashort time in so low a latitude as 28 degrees south, according to
Captain Basil H all, so that from 28 degrees south, to beyond
50 degrees south, there is little or no twilight. But, in thecorresponding latitudes north, the twilight continues for hours

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after visible sunset. In the northa t midsummer, for manynights in succession, the sky is scarcely darkened.
2.
The differences between north and south with re ­gard to organic life, vegetable and animal, show thatthe earth and ocean is a circular-plane. The long periods ofsunlight in the north, develop with great rapidity numerous
forms of vegetable life, and furnish subsistence tor multitudes ofliving creatures. But in the south, -where the region is circum­
ferential (not central as in the north, the sunlight cannot linger,
but sweeps quickly over that greater southern circle, complet­
ing it in the same time as the shorter circle of the north, viz.,
24 hours, and so has not time to excite the surface, has not time
to aid and stimulate animal and vegetable life to the same
extent as in the north, consequently in comparatively low
southern latitudes, everything wears an aspect of desolation.
The South Georgia's latitude 64 and 55 degrees in the veryheight of summer, is covered deeply with frozen snow; but inthe farthest north, nature is adorned with summer beauty;
flowers and grasses bloom during a brief and rapid summer.
Ke.rg.uelan, 49 degrees south, boasts 18 species of plants, only
one being useful in cases of scurvy, it is a peculiar kind of
cabbage; but Iceland, 65 degrees north, 15 degrees nearer thepole in the north, boasts 870 species. Kerguelan’s land, or.
Desolation island, was'discovered in 1772 by M. de Kerguelan,a French Navigator. H ere December corresponds to our Ju n e.
According to Captain Morrell Kerguelan is situated inlatitude 48 degrees, 40* south, longitude 69 degrees 6’
east. Many of the hills on this island, though of moderateheight, were covered with snow, nothwithstanding that theseason was midsummer. January corresponding to our July,
There is not the appearance of a tree or shrub on the wholeisland. Captain Morrell, 1822 to 1831, in latitude 62 degrees
27" south, longitude 94 degrees 11" East, met with extensive
fields of ice, one of which would have measured 150 miles, east
and west.
The bones of musk oxen, killed by Esquimaux, were foundon the 79th parallel north, while in the south, man is not foundabove the 56th parallel of latitude.
These differences between north and south could not exist,
if the earth were a globe, turning upon axis and moving in anorbit round the sun. The latitudes corresponding north andsouth, would have the same degree of light and £eat and thesame general phenomena. The distance round a globe would
be the same at 50 degrees south as at 50 degrees north, and thesurface at the two places would pass under the sun with the

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same velocity, and the light would approach in the morningand recede in the evening m exactly the same manner. There
would be a sameness ot phenomena north and south, if theearth were a globe; but the differences are in harmony withthe doctrine of the circular-plane of the earth and ocean. ”
3.
The meridian lines diverge southwards, and the degrees
of longitude increase accordingly; but if the earth were a
globe, the degrees of longitude northward or southward fromthe equator would diminish.
From the known distance between two places in the south
on or about the same latitude, and the difference of solar time(or difference in longitude) we can calculate the length of adegree at that latitude.
J O H N T. LA W SON,K eaknet,
P a e e t S o u n d D is t e ic t ,O m t a e io .

CH A PTEE II.
The circular-piane o f the earth and ocean an immense sun-dial,
witnessing to its own level and immobility.
I.
The position of the sun in the firmament in relation to
his diurnal course indicates the time of day. The meridians
are straight lines from the north centre and diverge more andmore southwards, are 24 in number, corresponding with the 24hours of the day. The terrestrial surface is the dial plate. The
time of day advances according to the progress ot the sun in thefirmament. The sun moves from east to west and comes roundto the same point in 24 hours, thus completing a circular pathabove a stationary, planary earth.
A man looks, yes actually sees the sun move in an arc ofa circle, and in so watching the progress of the sun his eye-hne
is something like the finger on the earth-dial. D uring thesummer solstice he see^ the sun rise a little north of east, thenpasses on to east, south-east, then to the meridian, then south
by west, south-west, west, next sets a little north of west'. A
man watching the sun in its daily course, measures very nearly
two-thirds of the circle, both of the earth plane and ofthefirm amental path of the sun.

The motion of the shadow on the sun dial in some part ofa circle or curve around the column is caused by the motion of
the sun in an arc of a circle, in the same way as the shadow ofa narrow bottle in a kind of curve on a table is caused by mov­ing a light in a circle around the bottle. The motion of the
shadow on one side the bottle corresponds with the motion of
the light on the other. The light moves in both cases and thesurface on which the shadow is cast is stationary in both cases.
Our own body may serve as a column to cast the shadow. Thatthe earth is a plane was believed by the ancients. Yes, was be­lieved by men for 5,500 years. Narrien in his history ofastronomy says ; “ The accounts collected from the most ancientauthors concerning the nature of the universe coincide nearlywith each other in representing the earth as a plane, boundedon its whole circumference by an ocean of vast extent.
W e say that the position of the sun in the firmament indi­cates the time of day. The sun completes a circular path in thefirmament in 24 hours. Eising in the east, then advancing to
the noon-day position over the southern horizon at 12 o’clock,setting in the west. Then during our night passing from west
along the other side the north centre to the east, where we see
him rise in the morning. I f the sun was stationary and theearth revolved our day would only be six hours long and ournight 18 hours long, and the sxm instead of moving in an arc ofa circle, or completing a cireula'- path, it would rise, pass overhead and set in the plane of our position. A t 12 o’clock thesun would not be over our southern horizon, but would be set­ting. The fact that the sun is over our southern horizon at 12
o’clock and that it is noon along the whole meridian proves thatthe earth is a plane and stationary and that it is the sun thatmoves. To place the m atter of the sun’s moving above theearth beyond a doubt, the observations of arctic travellers may
be quoted. Captain P arry and several of his officers on ascend­
ing high land near the arctic circle repeatedly saw for 24 hours
the sun describing an arc of a circle upon the northern horizon.
During the summer solstice the sun is above the horizon
for 16 hours 26 minutes when he is 1035 miles nearer to us thanthe equator. W hen on the equator he is above the horizon for
12 hours. The sun, during the summer solstice, being verticalat the tropic of cancer, 1035 miles north of the equator, is thecause of the day being then 3 hours 26 minutes longer than at
the equinox.
Captain Beechy says: “ Yery few of us had ever seen the
Bun at midnight, and this night being p a r tic u la r ly clear, we saw
him sweeping majestically along the northern horizon.”

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In July, 1865, ■when the sun was at the summer solstice,
Mr. Campbell, United States Minister to Norway, with a partyof gentlemen went far enough north to see the sun at midnight.
They were 69° N orth latitude and they ascended a cliff 1000
feet above the arctic sea. It was late and the sun swung along
the northern horizon from west to east. We all stood silently
looking at our watches. When both hands stood together at 12m idnight the full, round orb hung triumphantly above the wave
a bridge of gold spangled the waters between us and him. Therehe shone in silent majesty which knew no setting. W e in­voluntarily took off our hats, no word was said. During thesummer solstice at our latitude there are only 8 hours and 24
minutes out of the 24 that we do not see the sun. Going as far
north as these gentlemen went would just be extending ourhorizon 8 hours and 24 minutes, so that we would see the sun
describe that part of his circle from west to east, that we do notsee in this latitude.
II. The position of the snn in the firmament in relation tohis monthly courses indicates the season. The sun’s revolu­
tions from solstice to solstice are eccentric or spiral. It is sum­mer during his 90 eccentric revolutions from June to Septem­
ber. It is autumn during his 90 revolutions from September tothe winter solstice. W inter during those from the winter sol­stice to the March equinox, and spring during his 90 spiralrevolutions from March to the summer solstice.
The sun’s speed per hour on the equator from east to west
is 1035 miles, his speed north or south in 90 days is 1035 miles
and this distance embraces 15 degrees latitude. W hen the sun
is moving from the Tropic of Cancer towards the equator it issummer in the north and the days are 14 and 15 hours long, itis then winter in the south where the days are 11 and 12 hours
long. When the sun is moving from the Tropic of Capricorn
northward towards the equator, it is summer in the south andthe days there are 13 and 12 hours long,
I II. The circular plane of the earth and ocean as an immense sun-dial witnesses to its own level and immobility. The
shadow on a sim-dial in some part of a circle or ellipse is causedby the motion of the sun in an arc of a circle, and if the sun
moves then the earth is stationary. If the earth moved thenthe end of the shadow would not describe a circle, but would
describe a straight line.
W hen the sun is on the meridian then it is 12 o’clock along
the whole meridian line. This would not be if the meridianline were a semi-circle as on a globe. The mariner’s compass
points north and south nt the same time, but it could not do so

if north and south were at the centre of opposite hemispheres.
This coincides with the meridian which is a straight line northan d south. The north is the one fixed point, the centre; thes o u th is a vast circumference, a circular boundary; to all partsof this circular boundary the south point of the compass shifts
a ro u n d as it is carried around the central north. There is there­
fore n» south point or pole, but an infinity of points forming avast circumference.
The meridians are straight lines north and south, and lati­
tude is distance along the meridian line. The degrees ol. l^titnde are 57J not 90 as upon the globular theory where the me­ridians are semi-circles. 5 7 i is the proportion of radius to cir­
cumference, and the degree ot latitude is a definite, unvarying
quantity as measured throughout, upon the total meridian length.
It is 69i miles upon a plane surface and this agrees with themost exact measurements ever made on the face of the earth bymen of greatest skill and by the best instruments.
T he Swedish G overnm ent in latitude 66° 20' 10" m akes a degree of
latitude 265,782 feet, th at is m ore than 69 miles.
The R ussian G overnm ent, 58° 17 ' 37"=265,368 ft., m ore than 69 miles again.
45"=364,97I ft., 69 miles.
T he E nglish G overnm ent, 52°
T he F rench G overnm ent, 46°
•(
((
A
44
0"=363,786 ft., 69 miles.
The R om an G overnm ent, 39°0"=362,808 ft., 6 8 miles.
The A m erican G overn’t, 1°
22"=363,044 ft., 6 8 miles.
The Indian G overnm ent, 16°““

T he African. Cape ofGood H ope

12 “'

2i " = 363,o i 3 ft.

35° 43' 2o"= 364, o 59 ft-. 69 miles.

If the earth were really flattened at the poley the degrees
would shorten in going from the equator towards the north, andyet men of the greatest skill, using the most perfect instruments,
making the most exact measurements ever made on the face ofthe earth have found results the very reverse of the Newtonian
theory. Well, then, 5 7i degrees o f'la titu d e from the northcentre to equator being proportion of radius to circumference(on a level surface of course) give us 69J miles to a degree,
and this agrees very nearly with the beforementioned exact
measurements, the most exact measurements ever made on thelace of the earth, by men ot the greatest skill, using the mostperfect instruments.
Parallels of latitude are circles concentric with the northern
centre. A degree of latitude is a definite and unvarying quan­tity as measured throughout upon the total meridian length.
But a degree of longitude is a varying quantity, according to

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the radial distance. On the equator, the degree of latitude will
equal the degree of longitude. N orth of the equator, latitude
exceeds longitude; south of that, longitude exceeds latitude.
The Meridians are straight lines from the centre to the cir­
cumference 24 in number to correspond with the 24 hours of theday. There are six parallels of latitude—three N orth and three
South of the Equator. The distance between these parallels
trom each other and from the Equator, is precisely the same as
between any two meridians on the equatorial circle. This dis­
tance on the equator is 1,035 miles, a l-24th part ot 25,000
miles. The parwlels of latitude show sections of 15* or
1,035 miles each. The sun’s speed per hour on the equa­
tor is 1,035 miles, and the distance northward from theequator to the summer solstice, which the sun makes in 90
days; or in 90 eccentric or spiral revolutions is also 1,035 miles.
This is the sun’s northward journey, and it decreases its orbit andits speed in proportion to this distance. The distance southwardfrom the equator to the winter solstice, which the sun makes
also in 90 days, 90 eccentric or spiral revolutions, from Septem­
ber to December is again 1,044 miles. This is the sun’s south­
ward journey, and it increases its orbit and its speed in precise­ly the same ratio. Just as the revolution ot the sun in his 24
hour path, trom East to East again gives us alternate day andnight, just so does the increase southward or decrease northward
of its orbit, provide for the change of seasons.
The sun remains at each solstice 64 houra=-two and a halfdays = (and 8 hours over), before renewing its spiralcourses northwards or southwards, so that its orbit tor those
extra five days (and eight hours) is concentric ; at the other 360
revolutions it is eccentric or spiral, giving the two solstitialmonths June and December 32J days e a ch ; the other ten just30 days each. This doctrine of the Earth plane presents edu­
cational advantages—would greatly facilitate the progress of thescholar, boy, or girl in his or her physical geography. By
adding pleasure to the study it would make their progress easy
and rapid.
The works of God in nature are a counterpart of His word,
and when studied attentively; when spelled out carefully, giveemphasis, otten a startling emphasis to His word.

\i ov

There are many sentences with great depth, and breadth,and height of meaning. “ Encompassed the waters with bounds
until day and night come to an end,” or “ until the end of lightwith darkness.”

15“ The face of the deep is frozen,” referring undoubtedly tothe far South—the solidly frozen region. The barriers of ice_the cliffs of ice—the solid, impassaMe ramparts of ice
JO H N T. LA.WSON,K e a b n e y P.O.,
P a b k y S o u n d D is t s ic t ,O ntabio .