fJ -lt" .f; ±.~ 1'~~*·;2.:;;
Transactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New SeriesNo. 26

Palaeontological Society of Japan
June 15, 1957

COl\TENTS
TRANSACTIONS
Page312. Mesosclmberlella. a New Permian Fusulinid Genus from Japan ........ .
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ........ ... Mosaburo KANUMA and Sumio SAKAGAMI 41

313. New Species of Siplzotzodemlrvn from japan ...................................... .
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... Masao MJNA-ro and Makoto KNro 47
314. Nippmzitrigonia and Rutitrigouia in japan ............... Teiichi KonAYASHI

51

315. Palaeogene Foraminifera from Konbumori, Eastern llokkaido, japan ...
. ... .. ... ... .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . Saburo YosmoA- 63

316. On the Occurrence of Cardittioides in the Liassic Kuruma Group inCentral Japan ........................................ . ....................... Itaru HAY AMI

69

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED (17) ..............................................................

62

PROCEEDINGS ........................... .

74

President:................................................

Hisakatsu Y ABECouncillors: Kiyoshi AsANO, Riuji E~oo (Business and Accountant), Seido E:--:oo,Haruyoshi FuJIMoTo (Publication), Shoshiro HANZAWA, Kotora HATAI,
Ichiro HAYASAKA, (General Affairs), Kazuo HuzJoi\A, Teiichi KoBAYASHI(Editor), Jiro MAKIYAMA, Tatsuro 1\fATSUMoTo, Masao MINATo, Tokio
SmKAMA, Fuyuji TAKA! (General Affairs), Ryuzo ToRIYAMA.

All Communications relating to this Journal should l>e addressed to the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, japm1'\ -Trans Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, !:\. S., No. 26, pp. 41-!6, pl. 8, June 15, 1957

312.

MESOSCHUBERTELLA, A NEW PERMIAN FUSULINID
GENUS FROM JAPAN*
MOSABURO KANUMA
D-epartment of Geology, Tokyo Gakugei University
andSUMIO SAKAGAMI
Department of Geology. Hokkaido Gakugei University.

B:$0=11f.7¥i~~Jii't!l-l.~m~ Mesoclmbertella: ;c::.~jbj (5l:::rC.~) t.t.:tv.illil!rt!. Sclmbertella?
shim:Jdaniensis KA:-< L'MA lk.rJ. Sclzu/>ertella? tlzomp$olli SAKAGA~II "Z'¥Jf'!1!iH t.t.:M:lf!. .:: ~l::)ltvc~"i'~"Z'~It ~ ~ta~3 t::·;J;, ~ c:; .:t~ V':>~. .:: ~~;;: i\,fesosclzubertel/a c {a-4; 1...-. .:: 1.1::~-j!j·i"~o :;j;:l9l;(1 Eosclzubertella &if. Sclmbertella ;.:ftt-cl.,~il;, -t~ 'vall V':>~)f!til:~"?-(1.'7.lo fi'JT
fiiS Mesosclwbertella :timfit Sclmbertellinae :::~A. ;'5 ~"'~ {, V":>"'C! Sclwbertellinae ~ wall V":>fl/1il!lV":>i[g1f::*M,:(t Fumlininae V':> ~h c {I~ -c I.'~,. f;\j. CoLA:-; 1 il: >P I'Eil• Gl'IC.i!iX~T'f L..t.: Ncofusulinella
praecursor var. pusilla it~ I?< lVesoschubtrle/la ~:::A.l.LI? ;;;,"'~ i ~~;li,J;, 'j o:::m!flUB Dt ::::. ~f> • tJi J:. &by the spirothecal structure, namely,
the spirotheca of Sclmbertella is composed of a tectum and a lighter inner
layer " diaphanotr.eca" and that of
Eoschubertella of a tectum and upperand lower tectoria : diaphanotheca
typically very thin and cannot bereco.;;nized in most sections.
Later.
Du~B.\R and SKr:-<NER (1937) proposed toraise the subgenus to generic rank.
Since, the spirothecal structure of
the present specimens is composed of atectum, a cliaphanotheca and a lower
tectorium, it becomes necessary to establish a new genus, and here we propose
the name .Mesoschubertella with ·"'!.
tlzompsoni SAKAGA:o.II, n. sp. as the typespecies.
Neofusuliuella praecursor var. pusilladescribed and illustrated by CoLAl'I(1924) from China may be referable to l'vfesoscluebe1tella.
In China,
Neofusulinella praecursor var. pusilla

Sclmbertella ? shimadcmiensis reported by KANUMA, from Shimadani, Hachiman-cho, Gifu Prefecture, Mino massif,
and Sclzuberlella? thompsoni recored by
SAKAGAMI in the limestone pebbles of
the Tamanouchi limestone conglomeratefrom Hinode-mura, Nishitama-gun, Tokyo-to, KwantO massif. are two species
which differ from the true Schubertellain their spirothecal structure. A restudyof the internal structures of these two
species have led the writers to theconclusion that for them a new genus
must be established because they cannot
be referred to Scll!tbertella. e\·en if itwere possible to extend the limits ofthat genus.
In describing the subgenus Eosclmbertetla THoMt>soN (1937) pointed outthat it is distinguished from Schubertella* Read June 20. 1956;~

received Sept. 10,

1956.
41

42

l'v!osaburo KANt:MA and Sumio SAKAGAMI

occurs in association with Fusuliua
clwmchitensis CoLAN! which seems toinclude some spedmens of Pseudofusulina vulgaris (ScHELLWIEN), therefore
it:> geological age may correspond tothe middle to upper Wolfcampian inrecent sense. Neofusulinella praecursor
DEPRAT (1913) which was first describedfrom the Moscovian of Cammon (Laos)and subsequently from Ban-Tac, San-Xa
and so forth by CoLA:--:r (1924) belongs
to the genus Fusulinella, as alreadypointed out by THo"-JPSON (1934).
In the Mino massif. 1llesosclmbertellaslzimadanie11sis KANU~'-"'· n. sp. occurs inassociation with Staffella sp., 1llinojaPa1lella elongata FvJnmTo and KA~-''-'1\IA,Pseudofusulina vulgaris var. fus~(onnis
IScnELLWIEN) and Pseudoftrsulina sp. andin the Kwanto massif, il1esosclmbertella
thompsoni SAKAGA:-.n, n. sp. occurs inassociation with Nanldnella sp.. Siaffella mollcri Oz...wA. Pseudostoffclla?
tamanouchiensis SAI{AG.>\1\11, Pseudofusuli11a vulgm·is (ScHELLWIEN). Pse:tdofus:tliua vulgaris var. globosa (ScHEL·
LWIE:--:) and Pseudofus:rlina sp. Fromtheir faunal assemblages, the geologicalrange of the present new genus may befrom the middle to the upper Wolfcampian.
iVcsoschubertella apparently is closely
related to Eosclmbe-rtella. a genus which
has the spirotheca composed of a tectum
and thin upper and lower tectoria.
lllesoschube,·tella has the spirothecacomposed of a tectum, a diaphanotheca
and a lower tectorium and the spirothecaof Sclmbertella is composed of a tectumand lower clear layer or a single layer.
The evolutional trend of the subfamily
Schubertellinae somewhat resembles
that of the Fusulininae as shown in the
text figure.
The writers wish to express their
thanks to Prof. Haruyoshi FuJIMoTo of

-

d

I

\I
~--/
~-

l'M'

Text figure. Comparison of the evolution of
the spirotheca of S:hubertellinae andFusulininae.
M.-.Millerel/a.
a-d.-Schubertellinae. a, Eosclmbertclla; b.
kfesosclwbertel/a; c. d. Sclmbertel/a.
A-D.-Fusulininae. A, Projusulinella;B.
Fusu/inel/a and typical Fusulina;
C.
Fusulim cylindrica; D. Callowaiinella.

the Geological and l'vlineralogical Institute. Tokyo University of Education, for
his kind guidance and kind loan of thenecessary literatures.

.llfcsoschubertella KA:--~uMA andSAI<AGAl\11, n. gen.
Type species : - ]t,fesosclmberlella
thompsoni SAKAGA1-Il, n. sp.
Diagnosis :-Shell minute, inflated toelongate fusiform, having slightly concave or somewhat convex lateral slopes.
Mature specimens measure 1 to 2 mm inlength and less than 1 mm in width, andconsist of four to five volutions. The
form ratios are 1: 1.4 to 1: 2.5. The
first two to three volutions are coiled

J'vfe.<osclwbertella, A New Permian Fusulinid Genus from Japan

at a large angle to the axis of theouter volutions.
The spirotheca is
composed of a tectum, a diaphanotheca
and a lower tectorium.
Septa arenumerous and unfluted. The tunnel issingular. Chomata are developed andasymmetricaL
Remarks :-Mesosclmbertella resembles Eosclmberlella and Sc/mbertella inits shape and size. However, it can be
distinguished from those genera by the
spirothecal structure, as already mentioned.
The genus /lieofusulinella which was
proposed by Dr:r·RAT (1912), is consideredby THo~1Pso:-: (1948) to include suchforms as N. occidentalis THOMPSo~ andWHEELEr~. N. motltis THoMPSON
and\VnEELEII, N. lanlenoisi DEPRAT and
Fusulinella iloi OzA w". However, in alater paper, THo:o-11'soN (1951) stated thatthe first two mentioned species should
be referred to the new genus PseudoIn the same paper, hefusuline/la.
stated with regard to ·· Neofusulinella( Yangchieuia) itoi (OzAwA)" that
"Professor R. ToRIYAMA is now restuding this form (N itoi) at Wisconsin
and finds that it is referable to Fusulinel/a MoLLr;R and is associated with atypical Middle Pennsylvanian (Moscovian) fauna.". Accordingly, N lante11oisi
is the only species referable to the genus
Jlieofusulitzel/a. CoLANI (1924) described
one form from the ·· Uralian" of China
as /li. praecursor var. pusilla CoLA:-;I,
which occurs in association with Fusuli1la clzamchitcnsis CoLAN!. However.
this Yariety is distinctly different from
Neo.fusuli11el/a and seems to belong tol'vfesosc /mbe1·te ll a.
Geological 1·ange :-From the associated fusulinid species, the geological ageof tt:e type species and of a newly
described species is from the middle toupper Wolfcampian.

43

l'vfesosclmbertella til om psoni
S.'\I'AGAMI, 11. Sp.
Pl. 9, Figs. 1-10.

Shell minute and bulged fusiform.
The lateral slopes are slightly convex.
The first one to two volutions are coiled
at a large angle to the axis of the outer
volutions. The length and width in thefifth volution measure about 1 mm and
0.7 to 0.9 mm, respectively, with a form
ratio of 1 : 1.2 to 1 : 1.5.
Proloculus is minute. Its averageoutside diameter is about 0.05 mm foreight specimens. Septa are numerous
and are slightly fluted.
Spirotheca
relatively thick, and composed of atectum, a diaphanotheca and a lower
tectorium.
The tunnel is low and na n·ow, its
height being about one-third that of thechamber. The tunnel angle varies from20~ to 29° in the fourth volution.
Thechomata is developed and asymmetricaL
Remarks :-The present new species
resembles Neofusulinel/a praecursor var.
pusilla CoLANI, which was reported
from China and may be referable to thegenus Afesosclmbertella. However, thepresent species can be distinguishedfrom N praecursor var. pusilla by thelarger shell, thicker spirotheca and more
distinct chomata. This new species isnamed in honour of Dr. M. L. Tno:~.~psoN.
Geological age a11d occm·rcncc :-The
present new species occurs in association
with Na11kinella sp., Staffella miilleri
Ou. WA, Pseudostaffel/a? tammwuchiensis SAKAGAl\11, Pseudofusulina vulgaris(ScH~o:u w1 EN), Pseudofusulitw vulgaris,·ar. globosa (ScHELLWiio:N) and Pseudofusuli1la sp. in a limestone pebble of
the Tamanouchi limestone conglomerate
in the Yagooki Valley, Tamanouchi,
Hinode-mura, Nishitama-gun. Tokyo-to,44

Mosaburo KANUMA. and Sumio SAKAGA:.n
Measurements of l!.fesosclmberlella tl:ompso11i SAKAGAMI, n. sp. lin mm).

Specimen----

2521-C2525-E
2525-F
2526-I2527-D
2611-A
2611-B
2611-C------

I

L

w

:--

1. 02

0.95
1.00

0. 79
0. 70
0.92
0.78
0. 70
0.75
0.62
0.95

Rate of Growth

p

R

1

2

I

0.06
0.05
0.03
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.03
0.03

1.5

1.2
1.3

0.19
0.20
0.29
0.19
0.29
0. 17
0. 19
0.19

0.11
0.11
0.14
0. 10
0.14
0.09
0.17
0.12

2521-C2525-E
2325-F
2526- I2527-D
2611-A
2611-B
2611-C2--.021
.009
.025
. 009
.025
.013
.023
.017
.024
.017
.003
.006
.013
. 009
. 013
.OO::J
1

3
-----

. 025
. 03-i
.029
.032
. 021
.021
.034
.030

4-

5
-

-

.038
.051
.025 I.026 .
1. 02-t
. 042
.034
.031

-

Septal countThickness of Spirotheca
Specimen

4
65----- ---·--0.3-l
0.53
0.73
0.35
0.59
0.70
0.46
0.70
0.92
0.32
0. 78
0.53
0.46
0.70
0.29
0.49
0. 75
0.32
0.43
0.62
0.33
0.56
0.84
0.95
3

---~-

2
---I

. 03~
.030
.025

7

:~

1

4
5
2 1· 34------------

15
I 14 I''
I
I

Tunnel angle

16 ! 18

5

. OW

I

. 038
. 034 ~
. 042

Japan. Its geological age may correspond to the upper Wolfcampian.
Repository :-All of the specimens
treated in this paper are preserved in
the collection of the Department of
Geology, Hakodate school. Hokkaido
Gakugei University. Reg. No. 2611-A(Holotype), 2521-C. 2525-E, 2525-1•,
2525-G, 2526-I, 2527-D. 2611-B. 2611-C(Paratypes).

J.Jesoschubertella shimadmzic11sis
KA:'oltTMA, n. sp.
Pl. 9. Figs. 11-19.

Shell minute and typical to elongate
fusiform with slightly convex lateralslopes and narrowly rounded poles. The
first one to two volutions are coiled ata large angle to the axis of the outer
volutions. The length and width in thefifth volution measure 1.26 to 1.53 mm

7

13

17

18

22

24

2)

20

20

22

18

20

and 0.64 to 0.82 mm. respectively, witha form ratio of 1 : 1.4 to 1: 2.1.
Prolo::ulus is minute. Its averageoutside diameter is about 0.05 mm foreight specimens. Septa are numerous
and slightly fluted. The spirotheca ofendothyroid juvenarium is thin, butthat of outer volutions is relatively
thick. The spirotheca is irregular later·
ally and the septal furrow is deep. It
is composed of a tectum, a diaphanotheca and a lower tectorium.
The tunnel is narrow and its height
is about one half that of the chamber.
The chomata is developed and asymmetrical.
Remm·ks :-The present new species
can be distinguished from .Mcsoschubertella thompsoui SAKAGA~n, 11. sp. by therugose spirotheca, larger form ratio andmore narrowly rounded poles.

!lfesoschube,·tella, A New Permian Fusulinid Genus from Japan
Measurements of Afesoschubertella shimada11iemis KAI'l:~fA, n. sp. (in mm).
Specimen

w

L

R

I

23918-B
23918-C
--

0.88

I

1. 23
1. 32

I

I. 26
1. 26

0.57
0.69
0.92
0.80
0.87
0.74
0. 71
0.83

0.05
0.06
0.06
0.05

1.3

'
I

1-4-!- ~~:3-

0.10 '---;u9 0.31
0.10
0.11
0.10
0.14
0.03
0.08
0.09

O.Ol

1.4
1.8
1.8
1.5

I

I 2

1

--- --23912-A
23916-A
23916-B
23916-C23917-A
23:)18-A

Rate of Growth- - --

p

0.06
0.05
0.05

0.19
0.20
0.19
0.24
0. 16
0.14
0.21

0.43
0.56
0.45
0.45
0.60
0.49
0.45
0.56

0.35
0.29
0.29
0.38
0. 24
0.28
0.35

0. 57
0.69
0.78
0.68
0.87
0.59
0.71
0.83

6

0.92
0.80
0. 74

I
-

-----------

Septal cou nt

Thicknesc; of Spirotheca
Specimen

2

3

---

- -

. 017
.017
.017
.017
.017
. 011

. 028
. 028
.025
.017
.020
.017

. 011

.017

. 017

. 022

1

-

-

23912-A
23916-A
23916 ·B
23916-C23917-A
23918-A
23918-B
23918-C

.O:J6
.006
.006
.006
.006
.006
.006
.00}
-

5

6

----

---

4
---

. 028
.03-l
.028
.022
.034
.025
. 021
. 028

._

4

I

.028
.022
.028
.034
. 028
. 022
. 028
-

References
i.\1. (192-l). :~o:Jvelle contribution a
J'etu:.le des Fusulinides de !'Extreme·

9
9

. 017
. 017

3

I
I

4

5

28

21

24

27
35

--

:

13
11
I

. 034

5

'-1 - - -.028

Geological a:;e and occurrence :-The
present species occurs in association
with Stajfel!a sp., kfinojapanella elongata Funi\WTo and K.->.su;-.IA, Pseudofusulilla vulgaris var. fusiformis (ScHELL WIE:") and Pseudofusulina sp. in thelimestone of Shimadani, Hachiman-chil,
Gifu Prefecture.
The geological age
may correspond to the upper Wolfcampian.
Repository :-All of the specimens
treated in this paper are preserved in
the collection of the Department of
Geology, Koganei School, Tokyo Gakugei University. Reg. No. 23918-A (Holetype). 23912-A. 23916-A, 23916-13, 23916C, 23917-A, 23918-B, 23918-C (Paratypes).

CoLAN!.

3

Tunnel angle

15
16

12
20

29
26

2~

39

-

Orient: brdochine Service Geol.. Mem .. Vol.
11. fasc. 1. pp. 1-191, pls. 1-29, graph 128.
DF.PRAT. ]. (1912). ~:tude des Fusulinides deChine et d'Indochine et classification descalcaires a fusulines: brdoclzine Service
Geol .. Mem., Vol. 1. fasc. 3. pp. 1-76, pis.
1-9.
- - (1915), f:tude des Fusulinides de Chineet d'Indochine et classification des calcaires a fusulines (IVe l\'Iemoire). Les Fusulinides des calcaires carboniferiens etpermiens du Tonkin. du Laos et du :\ordAnnam : hrdoclrine Service Ceo!.. llf<'m ..
Vol. 4, fasc. 1. pp. 1-30, pis. 1-3.
DUNBAR. C. 0. and SKINNER. ]. W. (1937),
The geology of Texas. vol. III. part 2,
Permian Fusulinidae of Texas: Texas Ulliv.
Bull. 3701. pp. 517-825. pis. 42-81.
Er-;no. R. and KANLT~IA. M. (19S4). Stratigraphical and Paleontological Studies of theLater Paleozoic Calcareous Algae in Japan,
VII - - Geology of the 1\lino mountain-•46

Mosaburo KANVI\!A and Sumio SAKAGAMT

land and Southern part of Hida plateau,with descriptions of the algal remains
found in those districts - - : Sci. Rep.
Saitama Uuiv., Ser. B, Vol. I, No. 3, pp.
177-208, pis. 5.
SAKAGAMI, S. (H'56), Fusulinids from thelimestone conglomerate in the Yagooki
Valley, Tamanouchi. Hinode·mura, Nishi·
tama·gun, Tokyo-to, japan: Tram. Proc.
Palaeout. Soc. ]apau. New Ser.. No. 24.
pp. 259-265, pl. 37.
THo~IPSON, M. L. (1934), The Fusulinids ofthe Desmoines Series of Iowa: Univ. Iowa
Studies, Kew Ser.. Vol. I6, pp. 272-332.

pis. 20-23.
- - (1937), Fu5ulinids of the Subfamily Schubertellinae: ]oum. Pa!eo11t .. Vol. JI, pp.
118-125, pl. 22.
- - (19-18). Studies of American fusulinids:
Univ. Kmzsas Paleout. Coutr.. Protozo.1,
Art. I, pp. 1-181-. pis. 1-38.
- - (1951), New genera of fusulinid Foramini·
fera : Cushman Found. Foram. ResearchContr., Vol. 2, pp. 115-119, pis. 13-14.
- - (1954). American Wolfcampian fusulinids:
Univ. Kansas Paleo11t. Co11tr., Protozoa,
Art. 5, pp. 1-226, pis. 1-52.

Explanation of Plate 8.
Figs. 1-10. 1\Jesosclmberlel/a thompso11i SAKAGA~.u. n. sp.
Figs. 1; 3. ·10. Cross sections of paratypes, x30. Reg. no. 2521-C, 2525-F, 2611-C, respecti\·ely.
Figs. 2. 5. Axial sections of paratypes, x30. Reg. no. 2525-E. 2526-I, respectively.
Fig. ·l. Tangential section. x 30. Reg. no. 2525-G.
Fig. 6. Axial section of holotype, x30. Reg. no. 2611-A.
Fig. 7. Enlarged part of the holotype, showing the structure of the spirotheca. x 100.
Figs. 8, 9. Centered oblique sections of paratypes, x30. Reg. no. 2527-D, 2611-B, respectively.
Figs. 11-19. fl<fesosclmbertel/a slzimadauiensis KA!'t:~iA. n. sp.
Figs. 11. 13. 14. Cross sections of paratypes. x30. Reg. no. 23912·A, 23916-B, 23916-C, respec·tively.
Figs. 12, 15, 18, 19. Axial sections of paratypes, x30. Reg. no. 23916-A, 23917-A, 23918-B,
23918-C, respectively.
Fig. Hi. Axial section of holotype, x 30. Reg. no. 23918 ·A.
Fig. 17. Enlarged part of the holotype, showing the structure of the spirotheca, x 100.

KANUMAand SAKAGAMI:

Plate 8Mesoschubertella

6

7

12

11

14

17

Trans. Pro:. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 26, pp. 47-50, pl. 9. June 15, 1957

313. NEW SPECIES OF SIPHONODENDRON FROM JAPAN*
1\IASAO MINATO and MAKOTO KATO
Department of Geology and Mineralogy. Faculty of Science. Hokkaido University.

:$~'/f Siphollodelldroll lliffljJO) 2 ~mm:rX~If.f1ll~7;:liiiiJ~Jjj{O)=If7Vi.

~'fltll~llfO)::fi!J<!M~~!~. ~W~N~~m~~*~~~ftO)r~=~*m~w~~O)~~n!M~~~~~. ~~.~~~~1:. .l "? '( r.l~ ~ tt.t.:Jilllfljjl:. "?I.' 'L~ L- t.: 0 fliltL t Siphonodendron 1:. 4tt·t 1.. l3if!ll'C. ~*lfl~O)f5~3~U IJ~;·f~h'LI.'F.>ti7.>i.::ittH~iH:·"*f-t~o ~@::7)tO);::.i'i S. trakazawai, *'IJi(O)tO)l.:(! S. japo11icum, t.J:F.>ffifi!!;gZ.mL'L~T:i'-tF.>oti IE t!lf1 ·1Jll IS ;\1l

nal rocks mar be Carboniferous in age,
but not the Permian.
Before presenting the description,
the writers would like to expres~ theircordial thanks to Messers. K. NAI\AZA·
WA, T. Snuo, and Y. Nn,;AMI for theircourtesy in submitting their specimens
for study.

The present short note offers adescription of two corals which were
found by K. NAKAZAWA, T. SHIKI, and
Y. NoGAl\11, Geological Institute of Kyo.
to University, in the limestone pebbles
of conglomerates in different horizons.
One of the corals was derived from a
conglomerate. a member of the Permian
Maizuru group, (Loc. A in the annexedmap): while the other form from a
conglomerate, a membet of the Lower
Triassic Miharaiyama group (Loc. B).
Both conglomerates develop in theregion of the so-called Maizuru tectonic
zone, extending obliquely from northern
Kyoto to Okayama prefecture.
Both of these two corals now underconsideration belong to the genus
Siplzonodwdro11 and show more similarity to the known species from theCarboniferous of China than to any
other species. These Japanese forms
are specifically distinct from all species
hitherto described.
It is not certain at the present
moment, "'here the source rocks yielding
such corals develop. however. the origi-* Re:ld June 20, 1956;

De~cription of SIJecies

Family Lithostrotiontidae GHABAV, 1927
Genus Sip/wnode11dron M'CoY, 1849
Siphonodeudron japotticum. sp. no\·.
Pl. 9, Figs. 7-10.

Corallum compound. fasciculate andphaceloid. Corallites cylindrical, roundin cross section. the calicular diameterreaching 7 to 8 mm in cross section in
their full grown stages. Corallites arequite close to each other, the interspace
being not more than 3mm. Major septa
well developed, numbering as many as
24, 25? nearly straight. extending to thecentral area, but most of them do notdirectly unite with 'the columella. Wallrather thin. Minor septa wholly absent.
Columella thin, usually firmly united

recdved June 30, 1956.

47

48

1\Iasao l\IINATO and Makoto K.'\TOwith the cardinal and counter septum.
Dissepiments are concentrically arranged in two or three? rows.
In the logitudinal section. the tabulae
are inclined very steeply toward thecolumella. counting 3 in a distance of
2 mm. The dissepimental vesicles areunequal in size, arranging in at least
two rows, with convex sides faced
inward.
Remarks :-The present form resembles Lithostrotion (Siphouodendrmz)
in·egulm·e var. jzmgtzmge11se describedby Yij from the Lower Carboniferous of
China in respect to size, septal number,and in near absence of the minor
septa. However, the former is easily
separable from the latter in the different nature of the tabulae and of dissepiments.
From the size, septal number and thenature of columella and tabulae, theJapanese form shows somewhat similarity to Litlzostrotion (SzPilouodendrmz)
petalaxoidea of Yi.i, but the latter
possesses definite minor septa.
Lithostrotiotz (SzPiwnodendro1l) yaoliugense Cnu described by Cnu from theMiddle Carboniferous of China is also
somewhat allied to the present form in
respect to size of the corallites, andseptal number, but the Chinese form has
minor septa, although they are much
reduced in length in some corallites.
Further. the tabulae of the Chinese
form show much more complicatedstructure than the Japanese one.
Locality ;-Niikuradan i. near Itohara,~Iinamitani village, Yabu-gun, Hyogo
Prefecture, Japan.
Collector :-K. NAKAZ,\ WA and T.
SHJKI.

Reg. no. :-12443 (i-viii).
Note :-The present material was
obtained from pebble of a conglomerate,
a member of the Lower Triassic !vliha-

raiyama group.
The pebbles containing this fossil
are si Iicified black shale, 5 x 4 x 1.5 em insize. Other pebbles found together withthis pebble which contained the fossil
are porpyhrite, chert and so on.

StjJ!zvnodendron mllwzawai, sp. no\·.
Pl. 9. Figs. 1-6.

Corallumcompound,fasciculate.
Corallites round in cross section. rather
irregularly spacej with each other.
sometimes closely in contact. but rarely
separated by a space as great as 6 mm.
calicular diameter 7 to 8 mm in themature stage, major septa well develo·
ped, numbering as many as 26. very
thick near the wall, becoming graduallythin and flexions towards the axial part,most of them reaching the columella:minor septa alternating with the major
ones are very sh01·t. confinding only inthe dissepimentarium: wall moderate
in thickness: columella distinct. thickened fusiform in cross section: obsen,ed
to be usually united with the counte1·
and cardinal septum: dissepimentarium
rather narrow, where di>'sepiments arearranged in two or three rows.
In the longitudinal section. 6 tabulae
are contained in a space of 5 mm.
steeply ascending towards the columellain the central portion, bending downwards at the margin: dissepimental
vesicles unequal in size, arranged usuallyin two rows, but rarely three rows, with
their convex sides faced upwards andinwards.
Rcmarlls :-The present specimens
are quite unique in having very shortminor septa and steeply ascending
tabulae in the central portion. Also
the septal number twenty-six is quite
constant throughout all corallites inNew specie:; of Sip/zo11odendron from Japan49

and the strength of the columella; theformer also resembles the Japanese
specimens. but the Chinese form bears
dissepiments almost equal in size.

Locality:-Tadewara. Oe·machi, Ka·
sa-Gun, Kyoto Prefecture.
The present material was found in
the water worn pebble of the conglo·
merate, a member of the Permian
Ma'izuru group.
Coil. :-K. KAKAZAWA andY. NoGAllll.
Reg. tzO. :-12442 (i-iii).
Text-fig. Lo::alit:; map.
the mature stage.
From the size and number of septa
the present specimens now in concern
are somewhat allied with Litlwstrotion(Siphouodeudrmz) curvatum Yu des::ribed and figured by Y u from the Lower
Carboniferous of Kueichow, the latterof which has also quite steeply ascending
tabulae in the central portion, but provides dissepimental vesicles arranged
in only one row.
Litlzostrotirm (StPho1lodeudron) irregulm·e var. jrmgtrmgense Yii has tabulae quite similar to those of theJapanese form now in concern, which
are steeply ascending towards thecolumella. However, the Chinese form
has less numerous major septa andalmost wholly lacks the minor septa;
besides this, the former possess dissepimentaf'ium with dissepiments arranged
in only one row.
Also Sipl101wdetzdron yaolinge11se
described by C11u shows some affinity
to the Japanese form in having very
steeply ascending tabulae and dissepiments arranged in two or three rows,
but the former has less numerous septa.
Lastly, Lithostrotion ramosus RoMANowsKY figured by YABE and HAYASAKA
from South China may be closely related
to Litlwstrotion (Siphonodendron) cur.
vatum. except for the septal number

References

BE:-;so!-1. W. K and SmrH. S. (1923). On
som:! rugose coral;; from Burindi serie,;(Lower Carboniferous) of J'>ew South\Vales. together with a short account of
the Upper Palaeozoic. rock,; of the area inwhich they were collected. Q. f. G. S .. vol.
79. p. 156.

CHI. Y. S. (1931). Weiningian (Middle Car·
boniferous) corals of China. Pal. Siuica,
ser. B. vo/. 12. fasc. 5.
- - (1935), Notes on some Carboniferous andPermian corals of Dr. Eril\ No!!tN's collec·
tion from Sinkiang Province. Bull. Ceo!.
Soc. China. vo/. 14. p. 23.

CHU. S. (1928). Upper Palaeozoic formations
and faunas of Yao!ing, Ch~nhsien, S.
Hunan. ibid , vo/. 7, p. 61.
EDWARDS. M. and HAtl\tE, }. (1852), British
fossil coral,;, pt. 3. iVon. Pal. Soc. Lo11d011.
HtLL. D. (1934). The Lower Carboniferous
corals of Australia. Proc. Roy. Soc. Qns/11d..
r:ol. 45, 110. 12.
- - (1940). Carboniferous rugose coraL' of
S::otland, pt. 3, .Mon. Pal. Soc. L01zdon.
KELLY, \V. A (1942), Lithostrotiontidae in the
Rocky mountains. four. Pal., vol. 16, p.
351.

LA!';G. \V. D .. SJo.I!TH. S. and Tm>MAS, D.
(1940). Index of Palaeozoic coral genera.
Brit. Mus.
LEE, }. S., CHE!". S. and CHU. S. (1930), Huan·
gl:mg limestone and its fauna. lvfem. Nat.
Res. lnst. Geo/. (Acad. Sit:ica). vol. 9. p. 85.

LEwis, H. P. (1930). The Avonian succession
in the south of Isle of Man. Q. f. G. S .. vol.

50

l\1asao MJNATO and Makoto KATo86, p. 275.
McLAREN, D. J, and SUTHERLAl'D. P. K. (1949),
Lithostrotiotr from
Northeast British
Columbia and its bearing on the geno·
morph concept. ]our. Pal.. vof. 23, p. 625.
ME!IICHIKOFF, K. and Hst7, T. Y. (1935). Les
polypier;; Carboniferes du Sahara occiden·tal. Bull. Soc. Ceo!. France, ser. 5. tome 5,
p. 229.
MERRIAM. C. W. (1942). Carboniferous andPermian corals from Central Oregon. four.
Pal.. vol. 16, p. 372.
MINATO, M. (1943). Notes on some Lower
Carboniferous fossils from the Kirin forma·tion. four. Fac. Sci. Ifokkaido Imp. Univ ..
ser..J, vol. 7, 110. 1. p. S9.
- - (1943). On some Upper Visean coralfauna from the coral limestone of theKitakami mountainland. four. Sige11kagaku
Kenkyudzo, vo/. 1. 110. 2. p. 221.
- - (1943). Unterkarbonfauna in der Mandschurei. Bull. Ceo/. I11sl. l'rfanchoukuo, 110.
106. p. 27.
- - (1955). Japanese Carboniferous and Perm·
ian corals. four. Foe. Sci., Hokk.1ido Uuiv ..
ser. 4, t•ol. 9. 110. 2.
PHILLIPS. J. (I83n), G.::ology of Yorkshir.!.
pt. 2.

Sr.oss, L. L. (1945). Corals from Post-Osagel\lis3issippian of ).lontana. four. Pal .. t'Ol.
29, p. 309.
SI\IITJI, S. (1928), Carboniferous coral Nemisfium edmondsi. gen. et sp. n. Am1 .. Mag.
Nat. His/., ser. 10, val. 1. p. 112.
THoMsoN, J, and ?\ICH<>I.SON. A(1876).
Contributions to the study of the chief
generic types of the Palaeozoic corals.
Ibid., ser. 4, vol. 17, p. 290.
Wr,:JSSERMEL, W. (1935). Ueber ein kieselgestein mit Lithostrotion jzmceum aus
Thiiringen. Zeit. deutsch. Geol. Gesell.. Bd.
87, p. 115.
YABE. H. and H.-\YASAKA. I. (1915-1916).
Palaeozoic Corals from Japan, Korea andChina. four. Ceo/. Soc. Tokyo, val. 22. p.
127. (191 S); vol. 23. p. 57. (1916).
- - (1920). Palaeontology of Southern China.
in Ceogr. Res. in China. vol. 3.
YAHE. H. and SUGIYAMA, T. ( 1939). Discovery
of Lower Carboniferous Corals from the
Yatsusiro district in Kyushu. Proc. Imp.
..4cad. Tokyo, vol. 15. p. 303.
Yi.'l, C. C. (1933), Lower Carboniferous Coralsof China. Pal. Sinica, ser. B. vol. 12, fasc.
3.

Explanation of Plate 9
Figs. 1-6: Siphondendroll nakazawai l\11:-JATO et KATO.
Fig. 1. Cros5 section, x 2. Reg. No. 12-142-i.
Fig. 2. Cross section, x2. Reg. No. 12442-ii.
Fig. 3. Longitudinal section. x2. J{eg. No. 121-12-iii.
Fig. 4. Cross section, x 5. (A part of Fig. 2).
Fig. 5. Cross section, x 5. (A part of Fig. 1).
Fig. 6. Longitudinal section, x 5. (A prat of Fig. 3).
Figs. 7-10: Siphonodmdron japotlicum 1\'IJNATO et KATO.
Fig. 7. Cross section, x 3. Reg. No. 12443-iii.
Fig. 8. Longitudinal section, slightly oblique, x3. Reg. No. 12443-vi.
Fig. 9. Cross section, x 3. Reg. No. 12-143-iv.
Fig.10. Longitudinal section, x 3. Reg. No. 124·13-vii.

MrNATOand KATO:

Plate 9New species of Siphonodendron

7

9

~~

10
M r NATO

and KATO photo. and del.

8

Trans. Proc. Paheont. Soc. Japan. N. S., No. 26, pp. 51-61. pis. 10-11, June 15, 1957

314.

NIPPONITRIGONIA AND RUTITRIGONIA IN JAPAN*
TEll CHI KOBAYASHI
Gzological Institute, University of Tokyo.

8:$:efiq) 1\'ipponitrigonia c Rutitrigonia: -Rutitrigonia lt~:IJ;:.~U:t..:JEbq).::..:ftjJ.l·csM*C
i:.tJ!;W,ir':H:.7N'iiL--·n,t..:il:, 8:$:·cl1 1£Jli~~O)ifJj~~Ji::Otfl;:.-fii!~ im-t~ J;:.j@~·t~\.'o z::.Bt VC
Nippo11itrigonia (i-t:'O)~q):iR-t J:? ::. 8/.j;:J;:.~i!fi-t~o Cox (1-t:'O)il'/fft~SM*CW.:AAt;fe. VL\.' ~tJ:. ~i:t1*fl'il£.PAA'i t..:(:tW,:AAiJ· G S~if;CI'flAAO)ra11:.m':J5 f!!!il:~ G;lc"C1., ~o .:td:t~filiq) SJZI'lNt. L
t..:~ Q;h~ 0 : (7)~$<l:.~fijjl~q) rostration 7Jz.U: effacement O)jilij'jj[i't] O)jftft.~~ C . .f'q)f;j*~Jf:jl~l:.Siil\'ft!iiWri:.~jPJV?Jm~¢1:t..:J!l:~~iJ,l:. Lt.:.
tl· U t{ -·Rutilrigouia is a rostrate Trigonian
genus cosmopolitan in the Cretaceous
period. Rutitrigonia yelzami KoBA YAsm,
1954, i.e. Trigonia 11eumayri YEHARA,
1923, non CHoFFAT, 1885. is a sole representative of the genus in Japan whose
occurrence is restricted to the Trigoniansandstone at r amanokami of Nagano
in the Sakawa basin, Shikoku island.
Nipponitrigonia is, as suggested by
its name, very common and extensively
distributed in Japan from Upper or (?)
Middle Jurassic to Middle Cretaceous.
It is a smooth Trigonian genus andcomprises the followings :Nipponitrigonia sagazcai (YEHARA)
Nipponit1·igonia tzaumanni (Y E·
HARA)
NrPPonitrigonia kikuchiana (YoKo·

gonians in the trends of E or effacement and R or rostoration is discussed
in this paper. I am much indebted toProf. S. HA!':ZAWA of the Tohokll University at Sendai and Prof. S. MATSUSHITA of the Kyoto University for thefacility of studying Trigonian collections
at these universities and to Mr. Masahisa A:-.rA~o, lecturer of the Kumamoto
University for assistance in preparationof this paper.
The E Trend of Evolution in
Trigonians

Not only in Trigonians but in manyother fossils also simple smooth forms
are more diffcult to classify than deco·
rated elegant forms. In smooth Trigonians the shell outline and convexity,
size, position and curvature of the umboand strength of carinae are most criteria
for classification. If any rel'ic of surface
sculpture is found in the umbonal
region, it serves for an indispensable
clue to inspect the lineage. Asiatotrigonia is, for example, a simple, obliquelym·ate form, but v·shaped costae on theumbo tell its derivation from the
Vaugoniinae stock. Among the majority

Y.-\!\1.-\)

Nipponitrigonia convexa KoaA y ASHI,
new species
NiPPo11itrigonia (?) salwmotoensis(YEHARA)In describing these species in thetwo genera, the evolution of the Tri* Received Sept. 12, 1956; read at the Annual l'l'[=eting of the Palaentological Society ofJapan. Feb. 9. 195?, at Tokyo.
5l

52

Teiichi KOBAYASHI

of effaced forms there are some showing the source of effacement. Trigonia
Ieana GABB. for instance, is a memberof Sleinmamze/la which reveals effacement of rows of tubercles in various
degrees. In Steimnmmella cali;fornica·(PAcKARD) the process is so advanced
that only low tubercles remain (PAcARn.
1921).
As discussed elsewhere (KoBAYASHI
and MoRI, 1955), Laevitrz'gonia. mostly
European Jurassic, and EselaelJi/rigmzia,
mostly Cretaceous of the Indo·Pacfic
province are two independent off-shoots
from the Trigoniinae stock. Between
them the developement of an antecarinal
sulcus is a common feature, but t11ere
are many other differences.
Trigonia beesleyaua LvcETT, monotypic of Psilotrigonia. may also be aderivative from the same stock. but it
is quite unlikely that it was derived
through Laevitrigouia. because its costellae on the area developed along the Dtrend at the same time with the effacement of the costae on the disk. The
escutcheon is absent or undefined. The
area is separated from the disk by a
sharp marginal angulation which isarcuate with convexity on the ventral
side. There is no antecarinal sulcus asseen in Laevitrigonia.
Liotrigmtia Cox whose monotype is
Trigonia lingoneusis DuMownEw from
British middle Lias has a well defined-area and escutcheon and the former isbipartate. There are still concentric
markings on the disk, but the beak isorthogyrous.
According to Cox it" seems to be descended from thesmooth Myophoriids." Is it less probable,
its being an early off-shoot of the
Trigoniinae or Prosogyrotrigoniinae,
because the essential features of theshell are already typical of the Trigonians.

As Y EHARA compared Trigonia kikze·
chiana with that species, they are simi·
Jar, but in the former the area is simple
and the escutcheon undefined.
In
Nippouitrigon?·a typified by this species
a few but strong concentric costae anda marginal carina are sometimes met
with near the umbo. Such a juvenile
shell is not essentially different from
Frengue/liella. Therefore it is quite
certain that it was introduced from the
Trigoniinae stock. There are no marginal carina. but exists an angulation
which is well rounded in sakamotoeusis.
Though somewhat undulated. many
costae remain on the ante-mesial partof the species.
As mentioned above, there are various effaced Trigonians. Their morphic
difference combined with that of specietemporal distribution shows that they
are polyphyletic in origin.
Genus Nippouitrigonia Cox
1952. 1\'ipponitrigouia Cox. Proc ..Ma!acol. Soc.
Lo1Jdo11, Vol. 29, p. 53.

Diagllosis :-Shell trigonally ovate,
fairly short, moderately inequilateral;
umbo prominent. Marginal carina obtuse, convex upward and rounded off inlater stages. Area smooth : escutcheon
undefined. Concentric costae frequently
present at umbo. but later smooth or
persistent only on anterior side.
Type Species :-Trigouia kikucltimza
YoKOYAMA.
Remark :-On the basis of Trigmtia
llikucltiana Cox instituted this genus andreferred Trigouia 1uwmamzi Y EllA I~ A toit. Subsequently T. sagawai YEHAf~A
and T. sakamotoensis YniAHA were suggested as its members by KoBAYAsm(1954).
It is a remarkable fact that in Jurassic sagawai there are often an ante·

Nipponitrigonia and Rutitrigoma in Ja-;mn<.:arinal and a post-carina] plication internally, but none in Cretaceous forms.
Distribution :-Eastern Asia : Upperor (?) Middle Jurassic to Middle Cretaceous. Cox cited" Upper Cretaceous, Japan,·· but modern stratigraphy has sho\Ynthat there is no Upper Cretaceous occurrence in Japan (lVLI\TSUl\IOTO et al. 1954).
Nipponitrigmzia /lilmchiana(YoKOYA:\IA)1892. Trigonia kikuchiana YoKOYAMA, jour.
Coli. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo. Vol. 4. Pt.
2. p. 363. pl. 40. figs. 4. 5a- b. 6.
1892. Trigonia rotzmdata YoKOYAMA. !bid. p.
365. pl. 40, figs. 7-9.
1915. Trigonia kikuchiana YEHARA. Sci. Rep.
Tohoku Imp. Univ. Sendai. 2d ser. Vol.
2, p. 44. pl. 2. figs. 1-9.
1923. Trigonia liikuchim1a YEIIARA, jour Ceo/.
Soc. Tokyo, Vol. 30, p. 9, pl. 7. fig:;. 1-2.
1923. Trigonia kikuchialla YEHARA. Japan.
jour. Geol. Geogr., Vol. 20, p. 80, pl. 9,
fig. 2. not fig. 1.
19:n. Trigonia kikuchiaua YEHARA, Trigoniae
in Japan. p. 20. Text-fig.
1952. Nipponitrigonia kikuchiana Cox. Proc.
Mal. Soc. London, Vol. 29, p. 53.

Shell roundly subquadrate: marginal
angulation obtuse. somewhat convex
upward and crossing diagonally: umbo
relatively small, located anterior to
middle and incurved : disk large. sometimes somewhat depressed mesially near
venter : surface smooth except a few
concentric ridges and grooved on umbo.
This is the type species of Nipponitrigonia. With the :\1iyako specimens
which are generally undeformed secondarily, YEHAI~A (1915) has shown thatthe outline and convexity of the shelland the aspect of the marginal angulation are fairly variable within thisspecies. YoKOYA~tA, when he establishedthis species, distinguished T. rotunda/afrom T. !?ilmchiana, but as noted by
YEHAHA, its validity is doubtful, because

53

his materials came from the Katsuragawa. Ryoseki and Sakawa basins where
the Lower Cretaceous and older formations are strongly disturbed by the
Sakawa orogeny and acc<>rdingly thesecondary deformation is added to theoriginal variation in not a small amount.
Occurre1tce :-This species is widelydistributed in the Lower Cretaceous
formations in Honshu, Shikoku andKyushu, for example, in the Moshi
sandstone and Hiraiga calcareous sandstone of Miyako (Aptio-Albian). Prov.
Rilmzen, the Hoj{ formation of Katsuragawa basin, Prov. Awa, the l\~lonobe­
gawa formation in Ryoseki and Sakm,-abasin. Prov. Tosa, the Trigonian sandstone of Yamanokami (Lower Neo·comian) in Southern Sakawa basin, theOshima series (Upper Neocomian) of
Hachirusan in Yatsushiro area. Prov.
Higo. The lower Goshonoura formationin the Amakusa islands, Prov. Higo may
be the latest of the kikuchiana-bearing
formations the age of \vhich is possibly
the lower Gyliakian, or Ceno:nanian.
Nipponitrigonia sagawai (Yr-:HARA)
Plate 10. Figures 2-11.
1926. Trigonia sagawai YF.HAJ?A. japan. ]our.
Ceo/. Geogr.. Vol. 5. p. 34, pl. 3. figs.
10 and lOa.
195 t. Nipponitrigonia sagawai KoBAYASHI,
Ibid .. Vol. 25. p. 77.

Quite similar to Nipponitrigonia
kilmchiana, but having short costae near
the anterior margin. Internally plicatedon one or two sides of the marginal
angulation.
The costae incline::! postero-ventrally
are quite discordant with gr0\;1:h lines.
In a specimen (fig. 5) from the 3rd
Trigonian zone of Soma they are fairly
stout and very dense, their interyaJs
being almost as broad as the costae.

54

Teiichi KoBAY ASIII

They are, however, generally slender
and widely spaced in later forms from
Soma as well as. Sakawa and Kiritani
specimens. In some from the 4th and5th zones of Soma it is seen that the
costae are stout in the umbonal area
and two or three in the juvenile stage
run across the shell from disk to area
(fig. 8). The oblique anterior costae
become in some Kiritani specimens soweak that they emerge only under crosslight (fig. 9). Such a form is easily
mistaken for kilmchiana.
Internally, however, this species canreadily be distinguished from that spe.
cies by the usual presence of one or
two plications. The ante-carina! plication begins near the umbo, distinct inthe \·entral two-thirds and terminates
at a protuberance near the margin.
The other runs along the middle of thearea as long as its half-length and theterminal protuberance is sometimes
more prominent than that of the ante.
carina! one. In Kambaradani specimensa few crenules are sometimes seen on
the ventral margin in front of the ante.
carina! plication (figs. 2-3).
These plications are always well represented by groO\·es on internal moulds.
Because there is no distinct sulcus in
the juxtaposition on the shell surface, it
is certain that the shell is thickened
internally at the plications. The two
plications are generally distinct as seenin the Sakawa and Kiritani specimens,
but in the Soma specimens the postcarina! one is often weak and the antecarina! one imperceptible (fig. 7). Externally, however, a shallow but relatively broad depression is sometimes seenin front of the marginal angulation.
It is evident that kilwclziana could
be introduced from sagawai-like formby the loss of the anterior costae, butsagawai may not be the true ancestorof kikuclziaua. For the internal plicae
are more developed in the later thanin the earlier forms of sagawai, while. they are totally absent in kikuchiana.
Occurrence :-Widely distributed in
the Upper and ( ?) Middle Jurassic formations in Japan. In the Soma Jurassicin Province Iwaki, Fukushima Prefecture, this species occurs in the follow.
ing zones:
1) The 3rd Trigonian zone at middle
village of Awazu, Yarnagami village.
2) The 4th Trigonian zone at Sugaya,
Yamagami village.
3) The 5th Trigonian zone at Minahara,
Kamimano village and south valleyof Tomisawa, Yawata village.
4) The 6th Trigonian zone at middle
valley of Tomisawa, Yawata village.
In Sakawa basin, Province Tosa,
Kochi Prefecture, it is known at
Kambaradani in Trigonian sandstone
and at Mimikire in a shale where
Karnbaradani is the type locality. It is
common in the Ushioi sandstone andshale at Kiritani, Unohana village, Niugun, Province Etchu, Toyama Prefecture.
Nipponiirigonia naumamzi (Y EHARA)
Plate 10, Figures 12-13, Plate ll,
Figrues 1-2. (?) 3.
1921 Trigonia kikuchiana YEHARA, ]our. Ceo/.
Soc. Tokyo. Vol. 28, pl. 5. fig, 3.
1923. Trigo11ia 11auma1111i Yr:HARA, jap~m.
jour. Ceo/. Geogr.. Vol. 2. p. 81. pl. 8.
figs. 1 & 3, (?) 2 and not pl. 9. figs. 6.
1931. Trigonia naumam1i Yr-:nARA. Trigoniae inJapan. p. 21. 2 text-figs.
1952. Nipponitrigonia tJattmanni Cox. Proc.
Mal. Soc. Londo11. Vol. 29. p. 53.

Similar to N. /?ikucliiana except 14
or more concentric costae which are
atTanged densely in the anterior. tending more widely spaced and disappear
in the middle and posterior parts.
Because the Katsuragawa specimen in55

1Yipp011ilrigonia and Rutitrigo11ia in Japan

fig. 1. pl. 11 best agrees with his diagnosis. it must be the lectotype. He
gave no mention of its exact lo::allty in
the Katsuiagawa basin. but stated in alater paper (1925) that uaumanni occurs
at Taniguchi and Salmmoto in his upper
Trigonian sandstone which belongs to
the Hoji sandstone beds.
One of his Todai specimens (figs.
3a-b. pl. 11) which he once identified
with llikuchiaua (1921), is so much elongated that it is a question whether its
unusual outline depends merely on thesecondary deformation. His Ninomiya
specimen (YEH.-\R,,, 1923, pl. 9. fig. 6)
was referred to sagawai in his later
paper (1927). but disagrees with sagazvai
in tl1e distinct concentric sculpture.
This looks like an Astarte.
Nutatsubo specimen (pl. 10, fig. 12) issmall and longer than YEHARA·s trpe.
Its area is relatively large. Some 5 concentric costae near the umbo are very
stout and do not die out before theyreach the marginal angulation, butlater ones are fairly obscure. Hagino
speci,men (pl. 10, fig. 13) is very similar
to the preceding, but smaller. In its
mnbonal area there are three or fourstrong costae which are abruptly geniculated on the marginal carinae, forming
an angle of 90 degrees or less. These
two forms, though agree with kikuclziana
in some features. closer to naumamzi.
Occurrence :-Miyako series (AlbiaAptian) at Taniguchi and Sakamoto in
Katsuragawa basin. Prov. Awa, Tokushima Pref., Hagino, Mirafu village andNutatsubo of Nishitani, Shingai village
in Ryoseki-Monobegawa basin, Prov.
Tosa. Kochi Prf!f., Hirano aiJd Sendatsuno near Ochi in Sakawa basin, Prov.
Tosa and at Todai, Kami-Ina-gun, Prov.
Shinano, Nagano Prefecture.

JVipponitrigonia cmzve.xa KonA Y As II r,
new species

Plate 10. Figure 14; Plate 11, Figures
1··3, 4a-c.
1923. Trigonia kikuchia11a YEHARA (pars).
]apa11. jour. Ceo/. Geogr.. Fol. 2. pl. 11.
fig. 1. only.

This includes strongly convex formsof Nipponitrigonia whose umbones are
fairly large and remarkably opistogyl ;marginal angulation varies in prominence to a great extent ; escutcheonsmall. ill.definecl; surface smooth.
Goshonoura specimen (figs. 4a-c, pl.
11) once called Tzikuclzifma by YEHARA,
has an obtuse marginal carina; area
very large and mesially depressed ;escutcheon seemingly very small. The
marginal angulation is also seen in theMoshi specimen (fig. 14. pl. 10). In theinternal moulds from Miyanohara andSendatsuno (figs. 2 and 3. pl. 11). however. there is no marginal carina. In
the internal moulds from Yamanokarni(fig. 1, pl. 11) a peculiar sharp ridge
extends from umbo to the middle of thesiphonal margin. Their umbones are
slender, if compared with the precedings.
Occurrence:-Trigon ian sandstones
at Yamanokami of Nag;;mo near Sakawa(lower Neocomian). Sendatsuno near
Ochi (Neocomian) and :rvliyanohara(Cenomanian) in Sakawa basin, Prov.
Tosa, Kochi Pref.; :rvliyako series (AptioAlbian) at Moshi, near Miyako. Shimohei.gun, Prov. R.ilwchu, Iwate Pref.;Trigon ian sandstone (Cenomanian) of
Goshonoura. Amakusa islands, Pro\'.
Higo, Kumamoto Prefecture.

Nippouitrigonia sakamotoensis(YEIIAHA)
Plate 10, Figure 15; Plate 11. Figures Sa-b.

1921. Trigonia sakamotoemis YEHARA four.
Ceo/. Soc. Tokyo. Vol. 28. p. 10. pl. 5.
rig. 4.

56

Teiichi Kos,\ YASIII

1923. Trigonia sakamotoe11sis YEJJAR.t\, Japan.
Jour. Geol. Geogr.. Vol. 2. p. 82, pl. 8,
fig. 4.
1934. Nipponitrigollia sakamotoe11sis
SHI, Ibid. Vol. 25, p. 77.

Kof\AYA·

Descriptio1l :-Shell ovately oblong,nioderately convex: umbo medium insize: post-umbonal margin short. nearlystraight. forming an obtuse angle withsiphonal margin: escutcheon undefined;
area not well marked aniero-mesially.
Costae concentric or sub-concentric.
somewhat wavy and more than two in
number. a few umbonal ones of which
extend in whole breadth, but someothers become evanescent on area.
Observatimz atzd compa1·ison :-Thereis neither a marginal carina nor ari
angulation. but the boundary between
the disk and area is well marked by an
abrupt change of curvature. This is arare form. An internal mould from
Miyanohara (fig. 15. pl. 10) which shows
Trigonian hinge teeth clearly coincides
with YEHAR.•.'s type (figs. 8a-b. pl. 11)
in outline and convexity of the shell.
notably in the post-umbonal concavity
which cannot be seen in other speciesof Nipponitrigonia. In clearing the shellconcentric costae were recognized in thisincomplete external mould.
The reference of this species to
Nipponitrigouia is tentative, because
this is not diagnostic in surface sculpture and some other features.
Occurrence:-Hoji sandstone of Miyako series (Albio-Aptian) at Sakamoto.
in Katsuragawa basin. Prov. Awa,
Tokushima Pref.; Miyanohara sandstone(Cenomanian) at lVIiyonohara in Sakawa
basin. Prov. Tosa, Kochi Pref.
The R Trend of EYo}ution in
Trigonians

Posterior rostration or delation has

taken place invarious Trigoniangroups. It is self-evident that Prorotr·
igonia seranensis (KRUMBECK) is not intimately related to Trigonia culleni
LYcETTor T. libane11sis KRu~mr:cK,
though they are all rostrate. The pedigree attached to Megatrigotzia or
lotrigonia is still different. These twogenera are probably derivatives fromthe Vaugoniinae stock (KosAYAsm. 1954).
While v A:-. HoE PEN erected the
Rutitrigoniinae for Rutitrigonia, Cox(1952) accepted lot1·igonia, Rutitrigo1lia
and Apiotrigonia as subgenera of
Jlifegatrigonia. Rutitrigonia is. however.
quite different from the three others insurface sculpture. At the same time it
may be too far going to cut off such aterminal branch from the main stock
simply by the rostration.
If emphasis is laid on the original
sculpture in the non-rostrate part of theshell. it is certainly closer to the
Trigoniinae than the Vaugoniinae.
Therefore Rutitrigonia is considered
probably a rostrate genus of the Trigoniinae.
Genus Rutitrigonia VA~ HoEPEN
192::!. Rutitrigoni:J VAl' HoEPEN, Pal. Nav. l\·.1s.
Mus. Blocmjontien. Vol. 1, Pt. 1, p. 31.
1932. Rutitrigonia CRICKMAY, Am. Jour. Sci ..
Vol. 24, p. 461.
1949. Rutitrigouia Cox. Proc. !vfal. Soc. London,
Vol. 29. p. 59.

Diagnosis :-Shell elongate. rostrateposteally. with large umbones; marginal
carina very obtuse or well rounded :escutcheon ill-defined; area smooth except near umbo ; costae on disk con·centric or subconcentric. somewhat flexuous, frequently obsolete in posterior.
Type species:-Rutitrigonia peregina
VAN HoEPEN.
Remarks :-As noted by CRICKMAY,

Nipponitrigonia and Rutitrigonia in japan

the type species is remarkably rostrated
backward. Costae on the surface change
from concentric to subconcentric andthen become somewhat irregularly wavy.
They are distinct even in the full grownstage. but transverse costellae on thearea become evanescent.
Cox attributed the excentrica groupof the Glabrae section to this genus.
Among 20 forms which were enumarated
as its members. 6 are Middle or Lo\ver
Cretaceous ones in Europe. They areajjinis SowEimY, coquandiana n' ORBIGNY,
dzmscombiensis LvcETT, excentrica PARKIKsol'. laeviuscula LYCETT and tonga
AGAssrz. Among them the shell outline
varies to a great extent. It is especiallydilated posteally in longa. There is.
however. no rostrate one like peregina.
The costae in the mature stage are concordant with the pallial border in affinis.
but become discordant in laeviusculus,
dunsdombiensis and some others. They
are somewhat undulated in the anterior.
1

while they are evanescent in the posterior part. The abrupt and regulartermination of the costae at a distancefrom the marginal carina is the typicalaspect of Laevitrigonia. It is seen indzmscombiensis, although the carina isblunt and there is no ante-carina!
sulcus.
It is certainly a remarkable fact on
the conchontogeny that a very young
form of excentrica illustrated by LvcETT(pl. 20, fig. 6) possesses diagonal costellaeon the area. It is quite allied to
Trigonia beesleyana LYcETT which is themonotypic species of Psilott·igotzia.
As the excentrica group is used to be
combined in the Glabrae or Laeves section with Psilotrigonia and Laevitrigonia
or gibbosa group, they are intimately
related to one another in one or
another character. Judging from the regular plain costae which exist at least in
the juvenile stage of the disk, it is certain that these groups were derived from
2

3a

57

3b

Figure 1. Trigonia niongailmsis LA:-<GE in KRENKEL, 1910, pl. 20, fig. 5.
Figure 2. Trigoma dietrichi LA:-iGE in KRENKEL 1910, pl. 20, fig. 7.
Figure,; 3a-b. Trigo11ia [ortinensis LAMBERT. 1944, pl. 4, figs. 4-6.
(All redrawn by S. SuZUKI).

58

Teiichi KOBAYASHI

the Costatae stock from time to time.
According to Cox, Rutit1·igonia is
well represented in the Tendaguru faunaof East Africa by 6 specie~. namely.
heysclzlagi. MuLLER, bernhardti MiiLLER,
dietrichi LANGE, ja11enschi LANGE, uion·
galen.sis LANGE and schwarzi 1\IiiLLER.
Trigonia ja11e11schi is an elongate form
like longa. in which costae are abruptly
effaced as in Laeviirigonia. Trigo11ia
semiculta FoKBES from the Senonian of
Trichinopoly district. India. is also a
Jaevitrigonioid
without
antecarinal
sulcus.
Especially interesting ones among theTendaguru members are dietriclzi andniongalensis. In the former the broadsmooth area is clearly defined by a
sharp marginal carina. Although it has
no radial there. its general aspect
strongly reminds
one of T1·igonia
celleni LYcETT. Remarkably enough, thegradation in weakening of the carina,
narrowing of the area and effacementof the costae are clearly seen throughthis sepcies and three illustrated formsof nio11ga!ensis (HENNJNG, 1914. pl. 20,
figs. 3-6.)

In schwarzi the costae are warped up
in front of the umbo. Two different
forms are called beyschlagi and the long
One (KRE:-JKEL, 1910, pl. 20. fig. 9) has

Explanation of Plate 10

Ru/itrigonia yelzarai KOBAYASHI ... ...... ... ... ... .......... .. .. ....................................... :........... p. 59
Figure 1. L">ft valve; x 1. 5; Trigonian sandstone at Yamanokami of :\agano, Sakawa
basin, Prov. Tosa.
Nippo11itrigonia sagawai (YEHARA)..
.. ........................................................ p. 53
Figures 2 and 3. Internal moulds of a right and left valve; x 1.5; Trigonian sandstone at
Kambaradani. Sakawa Basin. Tosa.
Figure 4. Clay-cast of a left valve showing anterior costae; x 2; Loc. ditto.
Figure 5. Right valve with strong anterior costae: natural size; 3rd Trigonian zone ofSoma; !vliddle Valley of Awazu. Yamagami village, Soma-gun, Prov. Iwaki.
Figure 6. Left valve; x 1.5: 4th Trigonian zone of Soma: Sugaya. Yamagami village. Soma·gun, Iwaki.
Figure 7. Right valve; nat. size; 5th Trigon ian zone of ~oma: East of Minahara, Kami·
mano village, Soma, Iwaki.
Figure 8. Right valve; x 1.5; 5th Trigon ian zone of Soma; South valley of Tomisawa,
Hachiman village, Soma, Iwaki.
Figures 9 and 10. Two left valves; x 1.5; U3hioi shale and sandstone: Kiritani, Unohana
village, Niu-gun, Prov. Etchu.
Figure 11. Internal mould of a left valve; x 1.5; Loc. ditto.
Nipponitrigonia llatlmamzi (YF.IIARA) ...... ...... ............ ... ...... .. ......... .. ....
.. ............... p. 54
Figure 12. Left valve; natural size; Nutatsubo of Nishitani. Shingai village, Ryoseki basin,
Prov. Tosa.
Figure 13. Right valve; x 1.5: Hagino, ;\firafu village, Monobegawa basin, Prov. Tosa.
Nipponilrigonia convexa KoBAYASHI, new species...... .............
. ........................ p. 55
Figure H. Left valve: nat. size: Ivioshi. Haipe, 1\Iiyako, Shimohei·gun, Prov. Rikuchu, Iwate
Pref.; .Coli. of Geol. & Pal. Inst., Tohoku Univ. Sendai.
Nipponitrigonia sakamotoenis (YEHARA) ........................................................................... p. 55
Figures 15. Left valve: nat. size: Miyanohara, Sakawa basin. Tosa.
All of the spe:imens kept in Geol. Inst.. Univ. of Tokyo, unless repository is cited.

KoBAYASHI:

Nipponil1'igonia and Rutilrigonia

P late 10

14

6

10
11

9

Nipponitrigollia and Rutitrigo11ia in Japanthem slanting forward.
Among American species lvnga var.
zmdulatostriata PAuLcKE in Chili. agrioensi W EA \"ER in Neuquen. Argentina
and jacksouensis PAcKARD in Oregon are
all rostrate forms with subhorizontal
costae on the anterior part. The second
species is quite similar to pe1·cgrina inoutline. but costae are obsolete on theposterior side. The first one is alsosimilar to the type species. instead of
tonga. It has a shallow. ante:.:arinal
sulcus as does peregrina, but costae are
not numerous. short and wavy. It may
be better to recognize mululatostriaia as
an independent species rather than avariety of tonga. Slightly nodose costation ot jacksmu:nsis from the Chicogroup is an unusual feature in Rutitrigvuia which appeared late in the
Senonian epoch.
Trigonia fortinensis LAMBERT fromthe Neocornian of Neuquen has distinct
radial coslellae in the area. as it was
located in the Costatae by the author.
Nevertheless it is distinctly rostrate andconcentric costae die out in the posteriorof the disk. Therefore it looks a typical
Rutitrigouia in the lateral view. It is
certainly closer to Rutitrigonia than
Trigonia cc/lcni from British Interior
Oolite. In fact it is a Rutitrigcmia. if
the radials are effaced.
It is known in some Nutitrigoniac
that the concentrics near the umbo run
into the area from the disk. Furthermore foriinensis and dietriclzi are Neoocmian species of the genus. Therefore
they are not ancestral to Rutitrigonia.
It can. however. hardly be overlookedthat they constitute a fairly continuous
morphic series with niongaleusis.
It is difticult to decipher the historyof phylogeny, especially in the case ofobsolete forms among which morphic
convergence took place. It is noteworthy

59

that in Europe there is no rostrate formas typified by peregona. Because excentrit:a passes the Psilotrigonia stage inits juvenalium, it may not be a direct
derivative from Trigotzia, s. str. Therefore the excentrica group, s. str. typified byThgonia e:xcent1·ica should be separated
from Rutitrigonia. In the excenin'ca
group, s. str. which was most developedin Europe the umbo is small and theoutline trigonally ovate and dilates
posteally. It is fairly high in exccntrica(pl. 21, fig. 7, LYcETT).
Rzetitrigonia, s. str. has a rostrateshell with a large umbo probably due toswelling of the animal in the juvenilestage. The costae frequently become
obsolete on the posterior side. Simultaneously, the costae happened to be
warped up or even angulated. It may
be attributed to the migration of t11e
anterior undulation which usually exists
on the costae of Trigonia or Fret:guelliella. The transverse or horizontal
costae on the contrary may be introduced by elongation of the undulation
possibly in accordance with the rostration. The costae are. though sometimes
a little flexuous. as a rule plain. The
nodose ones appear only at the terminusof the Rutitrigonia branch.
Distribution :-World- wide: Cretaceous. Most developed in Neocomian in
the Indo-Pacific province.

Rutitrigonia yeharai K on A Y Asm
Plate 10, Figure 1.

1923. Trigonia 11eumayri YEHAI~A. non CHOF·
FAT. ]apa11. four. Ceo/. Geogr., Vol. 2.
p. 82. pl. 9, figs. 1-3.
1952. Rulitrigonia mumayri Cox, Proc. Ala/.
Soc. Lo11do11. Vol. 29. p. 59.
195-l. Rulitrigonia yelzarai KoBAYASHI, ]apa11.
jour. Geol. Geogr.. Vol. 2.5, p. 74.

60

Teiichi KOBAYASHI

Description :-Shell small, subelliptical, elongate posteally, moderately convex; umbo fairly large, antero-mesial
and elevated above l1inge margin: anteumbonal margin straight and slant:
post-umbonal long, straight and subhorizontal ; remainder of outline bro~dlyrounded. Area and escutcheon scarcely
defined. more or less flat and smooth.
but costellate near umbo. Concentriccostae fine, distinct in non-rostrate partand obtusely angulated near anterior
margin. They are crowded on umbo.
but intercostal space becomes wider
through growth.
Observatio11 :-On a specimen it isseen that concentric costae extend fromthe dis!< into the area where they areinterrupted by the median furrow.
YEHARA's specimen in fig. 1 on pl. 9,
reveals an obtuse angulation of the costae.
but in a specimen at hand they are
undulated. instead of angulated. in theanterior part of the disk. A shallow

antecarinal depression is discernible inthis specimen. In the collection at hand
there is an imperfect left valve, 4.5 mm.
high and 6 mm. long. If complete. it ispresumably more than 8 em. long.

Comparisou :- Trigonia

agrioensis"\V EA" ER has a very large umbo ; its
rostrate part is much broader in thisthan in the Argentine species. Tri'gotzia
jacksonensis PAcKARn has also a large
umbo and its costae somewhat nodose.
This species is similar to Rutitrigmzia
peregrina vAN HoEPEN in outline, but
in that species the posterior outline islonger; costae. though extended longer
backward, become evanescent on thearea : escutcheon clearly defined.
Occun·ence :-Trigon ian sandstone(lower Neocomian) at Yamanokami of
Nagano in the Sakawa basin, Prov.
Tosa, Kechi Prefecture. accompanied by

Nippo1litrigonia llikuchiatUJ, N. c01wcxa
and Ptcrotrigonia "pocilli/ormis ".

Explanation of Plate 11
Nipponilrigonia mmm:mni (YAIIARA)... ... ...... .................. ...... ...... .. ......... .... .. ................... p. 54
Figure 1. Right valve; natural size: Katsuragawa basin. Prov. Awa.
Figure 2. Left valve: nat. size: Todai, Kami-Ina-gun, Prov. Shinano.
YEHARA's types, kept Geol. Inst., Kyoto Univ.
Nipponilrigonia cfr. namnantli (YEHARA) .......................................................................... p. 55
Figures 3a-b. Lateral and umbonal views of a right valve; natural size; Todai, Rami-Inagun. Shinano.
Y~:HARA's type, kept in Geol. lnst., Kyoto Univ.
Kipponitrigo11ia co11vexa KonAYASHJ, new species .............................................................. p. 55
Figure 4. Right valve: nat. size; Trigon ian sandstone at Yamanokami of ::\ag;ano. Sakawa
basin, Tosa.
Figure 5. Right valve; nat. size; Sendatsuno, west of Ochi, Sakawa basin, Tosa.
Figure 6. Left valve; nat. size; ).Iiyanohara, east of Ochi, Sakawa basin, Tosa.
The three specimens kept in Geol. Inst., Univ. of Tokyo.
Figures 7a-c. Umbonal. lateral and posterior views of a left valve; nat. size: Goshonourashima, Amakusa islands, Prov. Higo.
YEIIARA's type, kept in Geol. Inst., Kyoto Univ.
NifJfJonitrigotlia sakamotoensis (YEHARA) ........................................................................... p. 55
Figures 9a-b. Umbonal and lateral views of a left valve; nat. size; Sakamoto village,
Katsuragawa basin, Prov. Awa. Tokushima Pref.
YEHAHA's type kept in Geol. Inst., Kyoto Univ.

KoBAYASHI:

Nipponitrigonia and Rutitrigonia

2

Plate 11

Nippatzitrigonia and Rutitrigonia in Japan

Reference
AGASSIZ, L. (18-10), Etudes critiques sur les
Mollusques fossiles. 1'11cm. sur les Trigonies.
BIGOT. :\. (1893), Contribution a !"etude deIa faune jurassique de Normandie. 1. Sur
les Trigonies. Jt,fim. Soc. l.in11. Normandie,
Vol. 17.
Cox. L. R. (1?52). l'otes on the Trigoniidae
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CRICK~L\Y. C. H. (1932). Contribution towards
a Monograph of the Trigoniidae. Am.
four. Sci.. Vol. 24.
DEECKE. W. (1925). Trigoniidae mesozoicae(1\Jyophoria exclusiva). Fo[silium Catalogus.
Animalia. Pars 30.
DIETRICH. W. 0. (1933), Zur Stratigraphie
und Palaeontogie der Tendaguru-Schichten.
Pa/aeontogr.. Suppl. 7, Ser. 2.
HE!'!'JC, E. (1919), Die Invertebraten-Fauna
der Saugetierschichten am Tendaguru.
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v A:-1 HoE!' EN. E. C. M. (1929 ), Die Krytfauna
von Soeloeland. 1. Trigoniidae. Pal. Navorsing l\:1s. Mus. Bloemjontien. Vol. 1.
Pt. 1.
KoBAYASH 1. T. (195·1). Studies on the Jurassic Trigonians in Japan. Pl. I, Preliminary:'\otes. fap:m. four. Geo/. Geogr .. Vol. 25.
- - and AM.o\!'O. l\1. (1955), On the Pseudoquadratae Trigonians. Stei11m01me/la. in
the Indo-Pacific Province. Ibid., Yo/. 27.
- - and MoRJ. K. (195,1). Prosogyrotrigo11ia
and the Trigoniinae. Studies Op. cit. Pt.
2. Ibid., Vol. 2.'>.
- - and - - (1955), The Vaugoniinae fromthe I<itakami Mountains in North Japan.
Op. cit. Pt. 3. Ibid.. Vol. 26.
KRF.NKEL. E. (1910), Die Untere Kreide vonDeutsch-Ostafrika. Beilr. zur Pal. u. Geol.
Oesterreich·Ungams u. des Orie11ts. Bd. 18.
KRt:~tllECK, L. (1905). Die Brachiopoden- und
Moilusken-fauna des Glandarinekalkes.
Ibid .. Bel. 18.
- - (1923). Brachiopoden. Lamellibranchiaten

61

und Gastropoden aus der oberen Trias derInset Seran (:\httle-Seran). Palae01:togr..
Supp/. 4, 1'11. 3.
LAMBERT, L. R. (1944). Algunas Trigonias dell'<euquen. Rev. del 1\{us. de !.a Plata. A S.,
Tom 2. Pal.. No. 14.
LYCETT. J (1872-79). A !\tonograph of the
British Fossil Trigo11iae. Pal. Soc.
MA-rsu~toTo. T. et al. (1951), The Cretaceous
System in the Japanese Islands. fap.1n.
Soc. Prom. &i. Tokyo.
o'OtiBIGI"Y. A. (1843). Palcontologie fran<;aise.
Terrain Cretaces, l 'ol. 3. Paris.
P.-\CK.\RD, E. L. (1921). The Trigo11iae fromthe Pacific Coast of North America. Univ.
Oregon Pub/. Vol.. 1. No. 9.
PAUI.CI<E. W. (1903). Ue!Jer der Kreideformation in Siidamerika und ihre Beziehungen?.U anderen Gebieten.
Neues falrrb. fiir
Mill. 17 Beii.-Bd.
SToLICZKA. F. (1871). Cretaceou;; Fauna ofSouthern India. The Pelecypoda with a
Review of all known Genera of this Class.
fossil and recent. Pal. bzdica. Ser. 6, Fol. 3.
YEllARA, S. (1915), Cretaceous Trigoniae from
Miyako and Hokkaido. Sci. Rep. Tohoku
Imp. Univ. Seudai. 2d Ser. Vol. 2.
- - (1921). On some new Species of Trigo11ia
from the Lias of Prov. of Nagato and theCretaceous of Prov. Awa. four. Geol. Soc.
Tokyo, Vol. 28.
- - (1923), Cretaceous Trigoniae from Amakusa Island. Prov. Higo. Kyushu. Japan.
Ibid .. Vol. 30.
- - (1923),
Cretaceous
Trigoniae fromSouthwestern japan. faP:ltl. four. Ceo/.
Geogr., Vol. 2.
- - (1925).
On the Trigo11ia sandstoneGroup in the Katsuragawa Basin containing Ryoseki Plants. Ibid. Vol. 3.
- - (1922), Faunal and Stratigraphical Studyof the Sakawa Basin. Shikoku. Ibid.. l'ol. 5.
- - (1931).
Trigo11iae in japan. Iwa11ami
Lecture Series. Geology a11d Pa/aeo11to/ogy.
YoKOYAMA, 1\L (1881). On some Cretaceous
Fos;:;ils from Shikoku. jour. Coil. Sci. Imp.
lhtiv. Tol1yo. Vol. 4, Pt. 2.

62

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED (17)1277. Nav. Res. Nasion. !\Ius., Vol. 1, pt. 9.
1955.
1278. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, Vol. 112.
No. 445, 1956.
1279. InvestigaNes Quimico-Analiticas IV,
D~p. Nacio. Prod. Min., Bolt. 34. 19-19.
1280. Investigafoes Fisico·Quimica:; (II), Ibid ..
Bolt. 35, 1949.
1281. FERHEII!A. E. 0.: Determinafao do graode liberafao dos minerais, por meio da
platina integradora de Shand. Dep.
Nacio. Prod. Min., Avul. 9, 1950.
1282. DE ARAliJO, ]. B.: Carvao Vegetal para
Alto-Forno, Dep. Nacio. Prod. Min ..
Bolt. 86, 1952.
1288. DA Sli.V A PINTo, M.: A Soda Electrolitica e a ProclufaO do Fosfato Decalcico.
Ibid .. 37, 1954.
128J. Casopis 1\Iorav~kelw 1\·'lusea v Brne
(Acata 1\tusei Moraviae) XXXIV. 19·19.
1285. Ibid. XXXV. 1950.
1286. Ibid. XXXIX. 1951.
1287. Ibid. XL. 1955.
1288. Casopis Zemskeho Musea v Brne. Cast
Priorodovedna sva?.ek XXXII. 1948.
1289. Casopis r\'loravskeho Musea v BrneXXXVI, 1951.
1290. Ibid. XLI. 1956.
1291. Soul: IWV ;\, l\L: Prispevek k poznani
rzi a sneti v Ceskoslovensku. Act. Mus.
1\Ior .. XXXIX, 1951.
1292. STEHLIK. J. L.: Prispevek k poznanni
Pterygopolymorfismu u Heteropter, Acta
Mus. Mor .. XXXIX. 1954.
1293. STERBA, 0.:Balhy11ella
c/zapp11isi
Delachaux a jini Korysi Brnenskych
Studni. Act. Mu3. Mor. XXXIX, 1954.
1294. E:o.IEHSoN, W. K.: Upwelling and As·
sociated Marine Life along Pacific Baja
California, :\lexica. Jour. Pal., Vol. 30.
No. 2. 195G.
1295. l'ABRINO, A. D.: Aspectos da Creno·
terapia na Europa e no Brasil, Dep.
Nac. Prod. Min. Com. Peran. Crenol.
Pub!. Nu. 1. 1949.

1926. LoPE..<;. R. S. :Aguas Minerais do·
Brasil, Ibid., Pub!. No. 2, 1956.
1297. CooPER. G. A.: Chazyan and Related
Brachiopods; Pt. I. Text, Smith. Misc.
Coil. Vol. 127, pt. 1. 1956.
12)8. Ibid, Pt. II, Plates.
1299. BAR!'ES, V. E.: Lead Deposits in theUpper Cambrian of Central Texas.
Bureau of E~. Geol. Univ. Texas. Rep.
In vest. 1\ o. 26, 1956.
1300. 1\lYERS. D. A.. P. T. STAFFOIW, R. J.
BuRNSIDE: G.::otogy of the Late Paleo·zoic Horseshore Ato:l in West Texas,
Pub!. No. 5607. 1956.
1301. C'lsopis !vioravskeho Musea v Brne
(Acta Musei Moraviae) XXXVII. 1952.
1302. Ibid. XXXVIII. 1958.
1303. CERNY, P.:
Titanit 7. Pegmatitu uVti:;::ne: Ibid. XXXIX. 195'1.
1304. JELINEK. J.: Anthropologicka pozorovani 7. vy ?.kumu na Cezan[ICh u Blul:iny,
Okr. Zidlochuvice, !bid. XXXIX, 125-1.
1305. KRur-A, T.:
Prispcvky k Moravske
Topograficke l\lineralogii. Ibid. XXXIX.
195l.
1306. Kux. Z.: Hnizdeni Strnadu cia (Emberiza cia cia L.) a strnadu s~dohlavych(Emberiza cuesia ssp. n. ?) v CSR, Ibid.
XXXIX. 1954.
1307. Kt:x. Z.: Pi'ispevek k Hnizdni Biolo.~ii
a Roz'~ii'eni Moudivlackel (Remiz pendulinus pendulinus (L.)) na ]i?.ni Ivlorav;:;:Ibid. XXXIX. 1954.
1308. MusrL, R. : Nalez Kostry t\Iamuta v
Je7.ove n Kyjova. Ibid. XXXIX. 1954.
:1309. NEcESAl'>L v.: Botanicl<y Rozbor veterovsko-Velaticheho Hradiste na Cezavachu Bluciny, Ibid. XXXIX. 195•t
Kvartcr v Oblasti
1310. PoKORNY, M.:
TerlickoSumbark-Albrechtice-Horni
Prostredni Bludovice, Ibid. XXXIX.
l95;J..
1311. PoKORN >, M. :Geologir.ke Pornery
Ji7.ne od Drahan. Ibid .. XXXIX. 1954.

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. N. S.. Xo. 26, pp. 63-68. June 15. 1957

315. PALAEOGENE FORAMINIFERA FROM KONBUMORI,
EASTERN HOKKAIDO, JAPAN*
SA.BLRO YOSHIDA
Institute of Geology, Kushiro Branch, Hokkaido Gakugci Cni\·ersity.

mffll~tlfiim~In!'§E5·f!i~~t-tJ~rv·t!f~E==ffiJ:: ;:J~J-.Q;H:JL~•:.-.)1,·"(: llim~t; J:: tY: 1\'onion. C:yclammina 0*

li:ir.t!P-J~f.tm:t:::-;;.

;!:;':: Virgulina. Nonion 0.) 211ft%'!f'J\11t,:~j¥:t.,."(l,.•"(, Z:.hi.P0~f£l-:'-:1f1L.!lJJ:-?1,.'('~1';T.Q"

2 filr~ AA~ lli! ~ L-7'-: .

iS IE .:::

~B

lVlessrs. Y. FuJITA and H.
UJIIE of the Tokyo Uni\·ersity of Education. and l\Ir. Y. T... KAYANAGI of the
Tohoku University for their encouragement.

Introduction

Ft.:JIMoTo.

Palaeogene Foraminifera from Eastern
Hokkaido was first recorded by K.
AsA?-;o (1952) who reported on thesamples collected from the Shitakara
formation in Akan-mura and Kushiro
City. The writer found new materials
from the same formation at Syukutokunai, Konburnori-mura. near Kushiro
City. (Lat. 4~ 56'3/uN., Long. l.:l4°:W44''E.), where the formation may be
subdivided into two members: namely.
the upper member consists of darkgreyish silt and calcareous marls. containing several species of Foraminifera
described here. while the lcnver one
mainly consists of light greyish medium sandstone. The writer considers
that the upper member may be cor·related to the middle part of the
Shitakara formation of the type-area.

Systematic Description

Family Cassidulinidae
Genus Cassidulinu o'ORBI<.>NY. 1826
Cassidulina margareta KARRER

0

Text-figs. 1. 2.

Cassidulina margareta KARHER. 18/1. K. K.
Ceo!. Reichs. Ablz .. TVien. Bd. 9. p. 386,
pl. 16(), fig. 52.
Cassitlulina margareta CusHMAN. 1925. Contr.
Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. I. pt. 3,
p. 56. pl. 9. Jig~. 29, 30.

Cassidulina margareta CusH!I.fAN and LArMING, 1931. ]ourn. Paleont .. vol. 5. p.
116. pl. 13. figs. 7a-c.
Cassidulina margareta CusHMAN and PARKER. 1931. Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram.
Res.. vol. 7. pt. I. p. 15. pl. 2. figs.
13a. b.
Cassidulina margareta KLEIN PELL. 1938.
A.mer. Assoc. Petr. Geo/.. pp. 333-33,1,
pl. 8. fig. 10.
Cassidulina margareta AsANO. 1953, Short
Papers. !GPS. no. 5. pl. 3. figs. lla. b.

Acl•nnwledgements

The writer \Vishes to express his
sincere thanks to Professors Kiyoshi
AsA~o and Kotora H ... TAI. Tohoku University. for their kindlv reading thepresent manuscript. Acknowledgements
are also clue to Professor I-Iaru yoshi

The writer found this form from the
Shitakara formation in the test boring
well at Otanoshike, Kushiro City.

* Read Oct. :?9. 1955: received Sept. 29, 1956.
63

Saburo YosmnA

64

Lo("{f/ily :-Syukutokunai. Kon bu mori.
Kushiro. Eastern llokkaido.
Depository :-IIokkaido Gakugci Cniversity. Kushiro City. Reg. ~o. 561250.

Family Buliminidae
Genus Virgulina ~>'0RBIG~Y. 18~6
l'ir~-:ulina

lmshiroensis YosHIDA n. sp.

Family Lagenidae

Text-Jigs. 10, 11.

Genus Pseudoglalldulina CvsH:-.tA:-.. 19~9

Description :-Test elongate. tapering,
compressed. early portion twisted. later
biserial: chambers elongate. overlapping. inflated, often with a distinct
spine at periphery; suture distinct.
steeply
inclined.
depressed;wall
smooth. finely perforate; apertureindist i net. Length up to 0.3 m.
Remarks :-This form resembles somewhat V. keijzeri Ih:Rl\!Es which was
described from Cuba and V. spinulosa
HussEY which was described from the
Eocene of Louisiana. but differs fromthem in much elongate chambers.
Types and Depository:- Holotype fromthe Sea Cliff at Konbumori, Kushiro,
Eastern 1-!okkaido. !'vtiddle Shitakara
format ion. IIokkaiclo Gakugei Cniversity. Kushiro City. Reg. No. 561256.

Pseudoglmzdulina obi usissima (Rr:uss)
Text-figs. 3. ·1. 5. 6. 7, 8, 9.
Glandulina obtusissima lhwss. 1S6:l. K. Jlkad.
IJ'iss .. Nath.·Naturw. Cl.. Bd. 48. Abt.
I. p. 66. pl. 8. ligs. 92. 93.

Description:-Test elongate. ci rcu Jar
in transverse section. with all thechambers in a rectilinear series; wallcalcareous, perforate; chambers few.
embracing. rapidly increasing in width
as added, last formed one making up
one half or more of the whole test;
aperture circular.
Dimensions :-Length 0.55 mm., width
0.35 mm. (figs. 3. 4. !1), ratio of length
to width 0.95 : 0.45 (fig. 6): 1.~0 : 0.70
(fig. 7); 0.90 : 0.50 (lig. 8); 0.45 : 0.30
(fig. 9).
Remarks :-The present
specimens
seem to be identical to the species
figured by REuss. This form also resembles P. clarkei PARR which was
described trom the Upper Eocene of\~Vestern Australia. but differs from itin the more distinct and oYerlapping
chambers. This species also cl i ffersfrom P. turbinata DETLING in the
broadly rounded initial end, and isdistinguished trom P. conica (NEUGEBOREN) by the fe\V numbers of chambers and general outline of the test.
Locality :-Syukutokunai. Konbumori.
Kushiro. Eastern llokkaido.
Depositm:r :-Hokkaido Gakugei Cniversity, Kushiro City. Reg. l\os. 561~51.
:i61252, 561253, 5~1254, 561~55.

Genus Bolivina n'OtmrG;.;Y. 1839
Bolivina ldeinpelli Bc:cK
Text-figs. 12, 13.

Bolivina kleinpelli BECK, l943,Journ. Paleont.,
vol. 17, p. 606, pl. IOi. fig. 39.

Description:-Test small. compressed,
slightly tapering. semiacute initial end.
periphery sharp: chambers numerous,
somewhat inflated; sutures slightly
depressed, sinuated; wall ornamented
with coarse pores; aperture elongate.
Length up to 0.35 mm.
Locality :-Syukutokunai. Konbumori,Kushiro. Eastern Hokkaido.
Depository :-Hokkaido Gakugei Cniversily. Kushiro City. Reg. 1\o. 561260.

Palacogl:ne Foraminifera from Konbumori. Eastern Hokkaido, Japan

Family Nonionidae
Genus Nonion MoNTFORT, 1808
Nonion lwshiroensr YosHIDA, n. sp.
TcxHigs. 14, 15.

Description :-Test circular or subcircular in side view. periphery broadly
rounded. slightly lobulate: 8 indistinct
chambers in last whorl; umbilical region slightly depressed; sutures gently
cuncd, not limbate, deeply depressed
toward the umbilicus. usually indistinct
near periphery: wall smooth, finely
perforate; aperture narrow at base ofapertural face. Diameter up to 0.3 mm.
Remarlts ·-Differs from JV. dingdeni
CusHMAN which was described fromthe l'vliocene of Dingden. German:-," inthe broadly rounded peripheral margin.
·and smooth umbilical region.
Types rmd Depository :-Holotype from·tite Sea Cliff at Konbumori, Kushiro.
·Eastern llokkaiclo. 1\liddle Shitakara
formation. Hokkaido Gakugei University. Kushiro City. Reg. No. 561257.
Nonion soracltiense AsANo var.
konbnmoriense YosHIDA, n. Yar.
Text-figs. 16, E.

Description:- Test small. peripherybroadly rounded, lobulate; chambers
inflated, 8 in adult coil; umbilical region depressed. without granular shellmaterial; sutures nearly straight, septal pores indistinct; aperture indistinct.
Diameter up to 0.47 mm.
Remarks :-Differs from N. sorachicnsc
AsANo in the straight sutures and symmetrical test.
Types and Depository :-Holotype fromthe Sea Cliff at Konbumori. Kushiro,
Eastern llokkaido. Middle Shitakara
formation. llokkaido Gakugei Cniversity, 1\.ushiro City. Reg. No. 561258.

"65

Family Lituolidae
Genus Cyclammin.a H. B. BRADY, 1879
C_vclammina pacifica lkcK var.
kuslliroensis YosHIDA, n. var.
Text-figs. 18, 19.

Description:- Test oval. much compressed, involute: periphery subacute,
angled. slightly lobulate; chambers
numerous. usually 10-12 in last whorl.
somewhat irregular in size; sutures
distinct, nearly radial, slightly compressed; wall finely arenaceous, smoothly finished; aperture a curved slit at
the base of apertural face. supplementary pores indistinct. Diameter up tol.Omm.
Remarks :-This form differs from C.
pacifica BEcK by the much compressed
test. It was found by the writer fromthe Shitakara formation at Konbumori
and Otanoshike. 1\.ushiro City.
Types and Depository:- Holotype fromthe Sea Cliff at Konbumori, Kushiro,
Eastern Hokkaido. Middle Shitakara
formation. Hokkaido Gakugei University. Kushiro City. Reg. No. 561259.

C_vclammina pacifica BECK
Text-figs. 20, :n.
Cyclammina pacifica BECK. 1943, journ.
Paleont., vol. 17, 110. 6, p. 591. pl. 98.
figs. 2. 3.
Cyc/anmzina pacifica DETLING, 1946, ]OIITI/.
Paleot~t., vol. 20. pp. 351-352, pl. 46,
figs. la, b.
Cyclammina pacifica AsANO. 1951, l/lz1str.
Cat. ]ap. Tert. Small. Foram., pt. 10,
p. 7, text·figs. 24, 25.
Cyclammitw pacifica AsANO, 1952, Short
Papers .. IGPS, no. 4, p. 33, pl. 3, figs.
la, b; pl. 5, tigs. lla, b.

This form was found by the writerfrom the Shitakara formation in theSaburo YosmoAtest boring well at Otanoshike, Kushiro
City.
Family Lagenidac
Genus Entosolenia EHRENBERG, 1819
E11tosolenia aff. vasiformis H ussEv
Text-fig. 22.

Entosolenia vasijormis HussEY, 19-19, ]ourn.
Paleont .. vol. 23, p. 133. pl. 27, fig. 9.

Description:- Test compressed, semicircular 'in front view, apertural end
bluntly pointed; wall smooth, bordered
by a slight keel; aperture entosolenian.
Width up to 0.3 mm.
Remarks :-This form resembles the
species described from the Eocene ofLouisiana Cane River by HussEY, butmore specimens are needed to giYe a
specific name definitely.
Family Polymorphinidac
Genus Guttulina u'ORBIGNY, 1839
Guttulhw cf. varians (TERQIJI;:M)
Text·figs. 23, 2-1.

Globulitta r·arians TERQUBI. 1882, Soc. Giol.
France, J!im., ser. 3. tome 2, 110. 3.
p. 128. pl. 13. figs. 9-16.

Desrriptimz :-Test ovate, acute at theapertural end, periphery rounded. chambers few. usually two, elongate; sutures
distinct, not depressed. oblique; wallsmooth; aperture radiate, pointed.
Length up to 0.34 mm., width 0.15 mm.
Remarks :-Only a single specimen isfound. This form seems to be almost
identical with TERQUEM'S figure 14.
Guttulina cf. adhaerens (OLszEwsKI)
Text-fig. 25.

Pol)'morphina adlzaerens OLSZEWSKI, 1875
Akad. Umiej. Krakowie, val. 9, p. 119,pl. 1, fig. II.

Description:- Test ovate in side view,acute at the apertural end, broadly
pointed at initial end; composed ofthree elongate, highly inflated chambers. each succeeding one extending tobase of test ; sutures disti net, depressed; wall smooth; aperture radiate.
Length up to 0.1 mm.
Remmk~ :-This form seems to bealmost identical with the one figured
by 0Lszr-:wsKr. But only a single specimen is found, and thus it is difficult
to determine it definitely.

Explanation of Text-Figures
Figs. I. 2. Cassidulina margareta KARRER. X85.
Figs. 3. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Pseudoglamlulina obtusissima (REUss, 1863). Figs. 3. 4, 5. X40, 6. X45,
7. X-!7, 8. X56, 9. X39.
Figs. 10, 11. Virgulina kuslziroensis YosHIDA, 11. sp. Hololypc. X51.
Figs. 12, 13. Bolivina kleinpel/i BECK. X 91.
Figs. 14, 15. Nonion kushiromse YosHIDA, 11. sp. Ilolotype. X76.
Figs. 16, 17. N. sorachiense AsANO, var. konbumoriense YoSHIDA, n. var. Holotype. X53.
Figs. 18. 19. Cyclammina pacifica BECK, var. kushiroensis YosnrnA, n. var. Holotype. x38.
Figs. 20, 21. C. p. BEcK. X29.
Fig. 22.
Entosoletzia aff. vasijormis HusSEY. X53.
Figs. 23. 24. Guttulina cf. tVJrians (TERQUF.M. 1882). X 10.
Fig. 25.
G. cf. adhaerens (OLSZEWSKI, 1875). X53.
Fig. 26.
G. cf. problema (n'ORBIGNY. 1826). X35.

Palaeogene Foraminifera from Konbumori. Eastern Hokkaido, Japan

8

.
.

4
'

.
.

. <::,···.:~

67.

Saburo YOSHIDA

68

Gu/lulina cf. problema (o'ORmGNY)
Text·fig. 26.

Polymorphina problema D'ORBIGNY. 1826.
Atm. &i. Nat .. s/1'. I. tome 7, p. 266.

Descripyion :-Test broadly fusiform,
somewhat irregular in outline; chambers strongly inflated, arranged in asigmoid series; sutures distinct, depressed; wall smooth; aperture radiate.
Length up to 1.1 mm.
Remarks :-This form resembles theone figured by o'ORBIGNY. However,
only a single specimen is found. andmore specimens are needed to give ita definite specific name.

References
AsANO. K. (1951). Recent and Tertiary
Cyclammina from Japan and the Adjacent Regions: Short Papers, IGPS. no.
3, pp. 13-24.
- - (1952). Palaeogene Foraminifera fromthe Ishikari and Kushiro Coal-Field,
Hokkaido: Short Papers. IGPS. no. 4.
pp. 23-46. pis. 3-5.
- - (1950-1952). Illustrated Catalogue ofjapanese Tertiary Smaller Foraminifera:
Parts 1-15 and Supplement I.
- - (1953), Miocene Foraminifera from theNoto Peninsula, Ishikawa Prefecture:
Short Papers. IGPS. no. 5, pp. 1-21, pls.
1-3.
- - (1954). Foraminiferal Sequence in the
Paleo-lshikari Sea. Hokkaido, Japan(in Japanese. English abstract and Des·
cription of New Species) : journ. Geol.
Soc. japan, vol. LX, no. 701, pp. 43--19.
text-figs. 1-5.
BECK. R. S. (1943), Eocene Foraminiferafrom the Cowlitz River, Lewis County,\Vashington: ]ourn. Paleont .. vol. 17,

pp. 58-1-614. pls. 98-l 09.
CUSHMAN. J, A. (1925). Notes on the Genus
Cassidttlina: Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram.
Res., vol. I. pt. 3. pp. 51-59, pls. 8. 9.
CusHMAN. ]. A. and L.o\12\I!NG. B. (1931),}.Iiocene Foraminifera from Los Sauces
Creek. Ventura County, California:]ourn. Paleont., r;ol. 5. no. 2. pp. 79-120,
pls. 9-14.
CusiHIA:-1, ]. A. and PARKER. F. L. (1931).
l\Iiocene Foraminifera from the Tern·hlor of the east side of the San Joaquin
Valley, California: Contr. Cushman Lab.
Foram. Res., vol. 7. pt. I, pp. 1-16. pis.
1, 2.
DETLI::-IG. l\1. R. (1946), Foraminifera of the
Coos Bay Lower Tertiary, Coos County,
Oregon: jourt/. Paleont., vol. 20, pp. 348361. pis. 46-51.
BussEY. K. M. (1949). Louisiana Cane River
Eocene Foraminifera : ]ourn. Paleont ..
t'Ol. 23, pp. 109-144, pis. 25-29.
KLEI:-IPELL, R. M. (1938), !\Iiocene Stratigraphy of California: Amer. Assoc. Petr.
Geol.. pp. 1-450, pis. 1-22.
NAGAO, T. and SASA. Y. (1939). Preliminary
Report on the Stratigraphy of the Coa\
Bearing Tertiary in Korthern Part ofKusiro and Tokati Coal-field (in Japanese): ]ourn. Geol. Soc. japan. vol. 46,
t/0. 550, pp. 392-394.
RAu, \V. W. (1948), Foraminifera from thel'vliocene Astoria Formation in South·
western \Vashington : ]ourn. Paleont.,t'Of. 22, pp. 774-782, pl. 119.
SASA, Y. (19-10), Stratigraphy of the Terti·
ary Deposits in the Kushiro Coal Field
and a Critical Review of the Opinions
Expressed (in japanese): ]ourn. Hokkai·
do Coal Jfin. Ass.?c., no. 307, pp. 1-19;
110. 308, pp. 20--13.
YosHIDA. S. (1955), Paleogene Foraminiferafrom the Shitakara Formation ~ear
Kushiro, Eastern Hokkaido :]ourn. Hok·kaido Gaku. Univ., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 1-8,
pis. 1. 2.

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. ~. S .. No. 26. pp. 69-73. pl. 1~. June 15, Hl5i

316.

ON THE OCCURRENCE OF .CARDINIOIDES FROM THE
LIASSIC KURUMA GROUP IN CENTRAL JAPAN*(Studies on the Liassic Pelecypods in Japan, 3)
ITARU HAYAMI
Geological Institute. University of Tokyo.

7-{ 7 ;r.*·~.'f!IJ'fi'iQ)=ttfl. Cardinioides: :<$:mQ)liHBI't{lf*:7J-.::. -:; P Q) 81/'tl!:fl<:ffil?tl. -:~'
itmt:.t;:. *·m,rtUtO.>m~lti!.fflj![cf!k->rmt~>i?~~-t.o ~ c1Ff!J"?~,*

Pref.. and these shell-beds can becorrelated to the .Nlicldle or Lower
Liassic Kitamatadani formation by theassemblage.
The Iwamuro formation. also Liassic,
contains similar pelecypods including
an indeterminable species probably ofthis genus.
In the present study, the writer ismuch indebted to Prof. T. KoBAYAsHI of
the Cniversity of Tokyo who gave thewriter constant advice and encouragement and who transferred his collection
and manuscript to the writer.

Cardinioicles was established for three
Carnic species by KoBAYASHI and IcHIKAWA (l9:J2). It seems undoubtedly adistinct genus of Schizodonta. Its occurrence has hitherto been restricted
to the 1-Ieki formation in Kyoto Pref..
but now three Liassic species are foundas follows:Cardinioides l!aridus HAYA:\11, n. sp.
Canlinioides ovatus 1-IAYA:>.ll, n. sp.
Cardinioit!es ( ?) sp. i ndet.

Formerly KoBAYASHI (193:>, tviS) pointed out that there was a Canlinia-likeright valve in his collection from afossiliferous sandstone at Kuruma in
Nagano Prcf. In 1955 the writer surveyed this district. and the collection
was greatly amplified. The Cm·dinialike species. i. e. Cardi11ioides va1·idus,
occurs together with some pectinids.
bakevelliids. i\lytiltts, Eomiodon andProtocardia. The species of the last
three genera are most abundant in the
Shinatani formation of the Kuruma
group in Niigata and Toyama Prefs ..
whose age is either Domerian or Toarcian as indicated by ammonites. (SATo,
1955; KoBAYAsm and others. 1951).
Cardinioides oval us is common in mudstones at Ohishi and at the moul.h of
Yogura-vallcy in Itoigawa City, Niigata

Family Cardiniidac ZITTELThis genus is referred to the Cardiniidae tentatively owing to its similarities in adductor-impressions. posterior lateral tooth and general outline
to Cardinia and in the position ofcardinal teeth to Pachycardia andTrigonodus.
Genus Cardinioides KonA YAsm and
IcHIKAWA, 1952.
T)pe species: -Cardinioides japonicus
KoBAYAsnr and lcmKAWA (19!i2). Carnic.
Diagnosis :-Shell equivalve, incquilateral. subtrigonal to elliptical, thick,* J~cad Oc:t. (i, IY56; received Oct. 22, 1Y56.
69

70

ltaru HAYAMI

well inflated. Adductor scars strongly
impressed; anterior one small. wecigeshaped, above 'vhich a small pedal
retractor scar is often present; pallial
line entire; ligament opisthodetic, external. Hinge structure fairly variable;a large trigonal pseudocardinal toothof left valve usually carved verticallyby several grooves; right valve having
two teeth-like projections on bothsides of pseudocardinal socket andoften a ridge-like posterior lateral
tooth of Cardinia-type; anterior lateral
tooth absent. Surface smooth except
for tine concentric lines of growth.
Posterior carina becoming more distinct
towards umbo. but sometimes absent;
lunule and escutcheon absent.
Range :-Carnic to Liassic in japan.
Remarks:- Cardinioides is distinct
from related genera of Cardiniidae inoutline and hinge-structure. Cardinia
AGAssrz (1841), from Upper Triassic tol\Iiddle Jurassic. is characterized also
by thick test, strongly impressed
adductor scars and short ridge- I ike
posterior tooth above the posterior
adductor scar. But Cardinia has not
such a pseudocardinal tooth. as so welldeveloped in Cardinioides; hinge area isfairly flattened except for a small,narrow cardinal tooth; shell usuallyless convex than in Cardinioides. Incidentally, Thalassites Qt;E:o~sTEnT (1858) is
a synonym of Cardinia.
Trigonodus SANDBERGER (1864) andPacilycardia HAUER (1857) differ fromthis genus not only in the more trigonal external aspect but also in having
a more linearly elongated strong posterior lateral tooth and lunule. Although they are similar to this in thearrangement of cardinal teeth-two on
the right, one on the left yalYe, thelatter tooth is never carved by grooves
as in Cardinioides.
Unio and Palaeop/wrus also possess

pseudocardinal teeth but they are three
in number-one on the right ·and t\\'0
on the left valve (KoBAYASHI and IcHr·
KAwA. 1951), and their shells are muchelongated and different in outline.
Therefore their relation to this genus
is not close.
Canlinioides can safely ha\·e two
Kuruma species in its fold. The posterior lateral tooth is unknown in IIeki
specimens but well observed in varidus
and ovatus. It is rounded, short. ridgelike and Cardinia-type. The ellipticalor ovate outline of oMius requires
some emendation of the orig_inal diagnosis.
Cardinioides varidus HAYAMr, n. sp.
Pl. 12. Figs. 1-6.

Desrription :-Shell medium to large,
equivalve, inequilateral, roundly subtrigonal. very inflated. much longer
than high; test very thick; the greatest
convexity lying near the center ofvaiYe; pre-umbonal margin short.
slightly concave; post-umbonal one
long, almost straight, forming an obtuse angle with posterior margin which
in turn abruptly bents at the junction
with ventral margin; ventral margin
gently arcuate; umbo large, fairl~r
protruded above hinge-margin. locatedanteriorly at the point of a third thelength; posterior carina discernible
only ncar umbo; lunule and escutcheon
absent; ligament opisthodetic and external; pseudocardinal tooth on left
valve large, trigonal. carved usuallyby two shallow grooves, though its
shape is fairly irregular; two holes on
its both sides flattened at bottoms. fitting to two teeth-like protuberanceson the counter valve; posterior lateral
tooth short, ridge-like, usually seen
above posterior adductor scar. fitting
to the opposite hollo\v on lei t valve ;On the Occurrence of G'ardinioid~ from the Liassic Kuruma Groupanterior adductor scar small. strongly
impressed. wedge-shaped: pedal retractor scar lying above it but often
ill-defined; posterior adductor scar
medium in size, and its anterior

71

margin poorly impressed and, in consequence. pallial line appears sinuatedposteriorly notwithstanding that it isentire; surface marked by somewhat
coarse concentric lines of growth.

,11easurement in mm :-!Iolotype (MM 2637) Both valves
Paratype (!viM 2638) Both valves
Paratypl: (MM 2639) Right intl:rnal mould
Paratype (MM 2640) Both internal moulds

Observation and comparison:- In thisspecies the dentition and outline are
fairly variable.
Two right innermoulds (figs. 3b, 5a, 5b) clearly reveal
posterior lateral teeth. but in anotherspecimen (fig. 4) the lateral area isalmost smooth. The holotype (figs. laId) has a weak posterior carina in theumbonal region. but in a paratype(figs. 2a-2c) it is seemingly absent.
This species is somewhat similar to.Cardinioides splendicus KoBAYASHI and
lcHIK.~wA (1952) in general outline. but
the posterior cat:ina is much weakerand posterior extremity more rounded
than in splendicus. The wide depression
as seen from umbo to ventral margin
in that species. is inobservable in this.
~othing is known of the interior of
splendiws.
Canlinioides japonicus and C. subtrigona!is have similar pseudocardinals but

no posterior lateral tooth and hollow.
Their outlines are also fairly different
and the umbo is situated more anteriorly in japonicus and more posteriorly
in sub(rigonalis than in this species.
Occurrence :-Common in black sandstones at Kuruma and Tsuchizawa in
Kitaotari-mura. Nagano Pref. (Provinceof Shinano). Most of bivalved specimens are seemingly autochthonous inthese sandstones.

LengthHeightThickness

LjH

50.0
44.0
46.5
44.0

35.5
330

25.5
20.5

1.41

35.5

8.0

1.31

30.5+

13.0

1.44-

1.33

Cardi11ioides ot'alus HAYAMI. n. sp.
Pl. 12, Figs. 7-12.

DescriPtio11. -Shell small to medium.
equivalve. inequilateral. ovate to elliptical, non-carinated. well inflated.
much longer than high; test thick;the greatest convexity lying near thecenter of valve; antero-dorsal margin
short. sigmoidal ; postero-dorsal one
long, straight, turning gently toventral side: ventral margin evenly
arcuate: umbo protruded above hingemargin. situated anteriorly at about
two-sevenths of shell-length; lunuleand escutcheon invisible or absent;
pseudocardinal tooth on left valve
somewhat irregular but usually trigonal. carved by a shallow verticalgroove. fitting to non-carved pseudocardinal socket on right; t\vo large
sockets on the both sides of pseudo·
cardinal fitting to teeth-like projections
in right valve; anterior adductor scar
small. strongly impressed, wedge shaped.
while posterior one is large. circular and poorly impressed; pallial line
probably entire. though sometimes it
seems sinuated posteriorly due to weak
impression of posterior adductor scar;surface marked by fine dense concentriclines of growth.

72(taru iiAYAMl

J/easuremenl in mm :---.-Length
Holotypc (MM :2643) Right Yalw
Paratype (MM 2644) Left internal mould
Paratype (MM 2645) Right internal mould(MM 264G) Right \"al\·e

33.5
25.!1-f36.11
29.0

HeightThickness

22.0
29.0

7.5
7.5

23.0

10.0

1.43

~

Observation and comparison :-The noncarinated elliptical outline of thisspecies reminds the writer of Diagenodonta or Tclcodonta.
But thepresence of a pseudocardinal tooth andtwo hollows on its lateral sides in theleft valve agrees with the dentition of
Crmlinioides. This species differs fromthe preceding and late Triassic species
in the more elliptical outline. moresinuatcd antero-dorsal margin andabsence of posterior carina.
The

L/H

------------------------23.5
10.0
1.24
L2G

-----

posterior lateral tooth on the right\·alvc is slighlly stronger and moreelongate than in C. varidus.
Ocnerrence :-Common in black mudstones of lo\ver or middle Liassic
Kitamatadani formation at Ohishi,
Kotaki. in Itoigawa City, Niigata Pref.
Two closely similar but fragmental
specimens from the same formation at
the mouth ot Yogura·valley, Odokoro,
in the same city.

Explanation of Plate I~
Cardinioides varidus IlAYAMI. n. sp ............................................................................. . p. 70
Figs. la-ld. Bivalved specimen, Ho!ot)•pe (:-.Il\1 2637) X 1 ; Loc. black tine sandstone at the
middle stream of Tsuchizawa, Kitaorari village, Nagano Pref.
'Figs. 2a-2c. Bivalved specimen, Paratype (l\1:\I 2G38) Xl; Loc. black shale at Kuruma, thesame village.
Figs. 3a-3b. Internal mould of a bivalved specimen, Para type (MM 26·10) Xl: Loc. ditto.
;Fig. 4. Internal mould of a bi ,·a! \'eel specimen. (MM 2G41) X I ; Loc. grey coarse sandstone
at the lower stream of Tsuchizawa, the same village.
_Fig. 5a. Internal mould of a right valve. Paratype. (l\lM 2639) Xl; Loc. grey coarse sand·stone at Kuruma. the same village.
Fig. 5b. Gypsum cast of the preceding specimen, XI.
Fig. 6. Internal mould of a right valve. (MM ~642) Xl; Loc. coarse sandstor.e at the lower
stream of Tsuchizawa. the same village.
Cardit~ioides ovatus liAYAMI. n. sp ...............................................................................

Fig.

p. 71

7.

Right valve. Holotype (l\1:\1 2643) Xl; Loc. black mudstone at Ohishi. Kotaki. Jtoigawa City, Niigata Pref.
-Fig. 8. Internal mould of a right ,·;live. Paratypc (MM 2645) Xl; Loc. ditto.
Fig. 9. Clay cast of the internal mould of a left valve, Paratype (MM 2647) X2; Loc. ditto.
Fig. 10. Internal mould of a left val\'e, (Ml\1 2648) XI; Loc. ditto.
Fig. 11. Right valve. (l\D.I 2646) Xl; Loc. ditto.
Fig. 12. Left valve, (MM 2649) Xl; Loc. ditto.
All specimens illustrated in this paper arc kept in the Geological Institute of the Univer·sity of Tokyo.

HAY AMI:

L iassic Cardinioides

C. UEKI photo.

P late 12

On the:: Occurrence of Cardinioides from the Liassic Kuruma Group

Cardinioides (?) sp. indet.
Text-fig. I.

Two large specimens were obtained
from the lwamuro formation ncar the
Iwamuro Power Plant in Akagine-mura.
Gumma Pref. They are somewhat similar to Cardinioides varidus in the externalfeatures. but the specific identification
is impossible. because of strong deformation and ignorance of internal
structure. Specimen ~I:M 2650.

Text-fig~ (Cardinioides? sp. indet. fromLiassic lwamuro formation. X2/3

References
AGASSIZ, L. (184t), Etudes critiques sur lcs
Mollusques fossiles.
KoBAYASIII, T. and IcHIKAWA, K. (1951).
On Palaeopharus. a Late Triassic
Pelecypod Genus. Traus. Proc. Pal.
Soc. japan, N. S., 1\·o. 1.
- - and - - (1952). The Triassic Faunaof the Ileki Fonnation in the Province of Tamba, (Kyoto Prefecture),
Japan. japa11. jour. Ceo!. Ceogr., Vol.
22.
QUENSTEDT, F. A. (1858). Ocr Jura.
SATO. T. (1955), Les Ammonites recueillies
dans lc groupe de Kuruma, Nord duJapon central. Trans. l'roc. Pal. Soc.
japan, N. S., No. 20.
WAAGEN, L. (1907), Die Lamellibranchiaten
der Pachycardientuffe der Seiser Alm.
Ahhatull. Ceo!. Reiclzsanst .. Bd. 18, Pt. 2.

74

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF JAPAN*ti~!fmi¥~ m65 ffiJ f91J~J 1956 !lF 12 _ij
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2. ~~P.RB31!lm=:ii\C~il· ~.:>q:,:(Et;.) • II?Ffi.::.--J"'..: .......................................... ~~~3. Interesting Sand-pipes from the Miocene
Toyoda Formation, Yamagata Prefecture.
Japan. (t\;iil't) ..................................... .
.................. K. HATAI and Y. FUNAYAMA
4. =~reH-Ji~.!tl Kall/eri11a ~(J.:J.C1Y1i'ftRBPJ(!fij!iQ)-,l'Jifjjj ...... ······ .................. !IJ-;f;:.f.J:Jf:l.jlfd
5. On the Classification of Lucinids inJapan, Part 1. (ft!D'l) ....................... .
.............................. Katsumi HIRA v Al\IA6. Tertiary Mollusca from the Uchiyama
formation. Nagano Prefecture. Japan. (ftlm) ........................... Katsumi HIRAYAMA
7. Molluscan fauna from the Shimokurosawa
Formation near lchinoseki. Iwate Pre·
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......... Shigeru AoKI and Shingo o~onERA
8. Miocene Mollusca from Southern Part of
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9. Some Molluscan Fossils from Moriya
Formation, Central Sinano, Pt. 1. (ft!Wl)....................................... Kunio TANAKA
10. Notes on Molluscan Fauna from Toyooka
Group in Boso Peninsula. (ft~) ........ .
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11. Preliminary Report on the Curvature ofTertiary Pelecypoda. (f\:~). Masae 01\toRt
12. On Some Fossil Echinoids of Japan. 1.
(Brissopsis and Eupatagus). (t\::im) ..... .
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