a -lt"'-6-±~~~~~·!c.:fTransactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New Series

No. 58

Pa laeontological Society of Japan
June 30th, 1965

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
Page

486.

Allometry of l?eesiditrs lllillilllus, n Cretaceous Ammonite Species ...
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ikuwo OBATA

487.

New Species of Salenia from the i\liocenc of Japan (On Some Fossil
Echint,ids of japan) .................................. Akira !vloRISIIITA

488.

39

6rl

Some ?\Iarine lvlollusca from the Alluvial Deposits of Yamashita·cho.
\Vatari-gun, i\liyagi PrefecLUrc ............................ Kotaro IIASE

67489. An Occurrence of Scutellum in the Silurian of Shikoku Island ......... .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tciichi KOBAYASHI and Takashi ILniADA

President:
Councillors:

74

Kiyoshi AsANO
Kiyoshi ASANO (Editor or .. Fossils"), Haruyoshi FUJI\IOTO. Tetsuro

HA:\A! (Editor of Transactions and Proceedings). \Vataru HASHI\IOTO ITrea·surer), Kotora llATAI, Ichiro HA YASAKA, I<oichiro ICHIKAW .\. Taro KA~A YA.
Teiichi KOBAYASHI. Tatsuro MATSUMOTO (Editor for Special Papers). Masaol\IINATO, Hiroshi OzAKI (Planning), Tokio SIIIK:\t\·IA (1\lcmbership), Fuyuji
T AKAI (Chairman of Executive Councillors' Committee). Ryuzo ToiUYA\1:\
Secretaries:

Takashi HAMADA. Hisayoshi !Go, Yokichi TAKA YA:\AGI

Assistant Secretary:

Takeo lCIIIKAW AAll Communications relating to this journal should be addressed to the
PAL:\EO!'\TOLOGJCAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, L:niversity of Tokyo, japan

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. N. S.. No. 58, pp. 39-63. pls. 4. 5. June 30. 1965

,18(1.

ALLOlVIETRY OF REESIDITES MIN/MUS.
A CRETACEOUS Al\'LMONITE SPECIES*IKUWO OBATA

Department of Palaeontology, National Science Museum. Tokyo(.'tijli~7 /.:f::J--1 1- Reesidites minimus (1)7" .1- 1- •J-: ~tlfiJlliiEEHI!~7 /.:f:T-1
1- Reesiclites minimus (HAY.-\5.-\KA and Ft'KADA) (/)7"'-" 1- ~ -~tt':fl:L.. bn) oi.:.:C(J)fVH.f.;~~t c ~Y4~tH!!!i,::P4-'* L LI)~ L' Rf~i,::3!;;;. ~ "'((!)j!J!fJei¥J~~.:Co; t: \ ·· f*f¥(1)~\ ·l'd~f.t.;l.: -?~. rH&I'J·I?Iili:IOC
W~I¥J~1Jf1:(!)jlf*~~J:(!):4:fttl:. tJv'_,~n~J-c!.r..t~·:. 1::f-'1~t.(if<;.JUt:n;;;., &~i"""'~'t. YJJ~. <r~f.l:I.:.M .·c, n·tt. 'J (!)

clitil!Jl ~IT"? L

OOf.f\~SM~JJl~~tl.;;;..::. c "t'!.o, ~ 1?1.:.. R. minim us (!)iJ%t.IJ!Ii r=aekO c l·) f£"'-:'~.fJl ~,n;;;.~:!Hltil~~·;J;-t, ~~(!)~~ • 'M · "'-.:C · ll'if~(J))(~ ~ ffi![(!)rnJf,f::.t. . .tli'Wt:.:R;J:.v==bx" -cJ<b~;h.. *l<ill.:.;t,;\ ·~lti"""'~::::fH7"' .1- 1- !I- c ~;{.1?;/to. II'HH~ 13 mm.
t,::!i!_l?,tt.;;;.~nl,(l:tli\!W,\Wl~~~To, ·ffiffl~~i't-Ji'fi~~ft:l.:.-?\•·c R.

prionocyctus norma/is ~ S. neptuni

minimus n'· Sub·c U!U;: ---?(1)7"' .1- 1- !I -f.f.~tr'llllZTo.: citii:l'll.::fdN'7.>, ;::(J)Jt}fl. \•-?;f'l.i,:::f<i\·l:t· ffitlt~~l¥rl-tl~~ft:j]'[,fli!lt. S. neplrwi (J)floljj:j\~~l:i'~Jtll~-t~F.f;;li't~l:-fi:-t;;;., 't"?~ J: <. -&l-~~~~1:!:.. t<l\(1)*~~. t.ci?O:r..:fiR(J)flllt4'1::M:7f.fU:Il.ll~f\-to,R. minimus (!). *-!J.=*:ll!Jn·l?(J)il!Ht!llJ5:tt.::..-?~··nt. !.olfb1'tt.:l~L~
li0Hiii'•J · ill!,(J)~1'{t.::.~l L. ~li.i!Jft"t';!O o, t!.t;: . .:C(J)ftl:M!i~I¥Jt.l:lfbf{l.:.[~ L ~11. 7'"' 7"''/ x;fv-7-l::t'iil(,ij~;,t.r..,·J' M Ill\ 't

Y ABE and SIII:\IIZIJ 1925, p. 125; l\LS.

Introduction

nom. nud.) on account of its small size.

In the Cretaceous of japan there is aconsiderable number of collignoniceratids
species, which are now being studied by~IATSU"-IOTO. although the ammonites
belonging to the,; Atlantic-~lediterraneanfamilies" are not so prolific as those be·longing to the "Indo-Pacific families··.
As a subject of my graduation thesisof Kyushu University for the academic
year 1953-5·1, Professor Tatsuro ~lATSU·
l\IOTO gave me an opportunity to study
the ontogeny of "Barroisiceras minimum",one of the so-called Atlantic-l'v!editerranean elements. This species was named
by H. Y ABE (1909, p. HO ; 1927.. p. 45:

According to him. this occurs characteristically in the "Scaphites bed .. of lkushumbets Valley, Hokkaido. However,it had been left undescribed for a longwhile until it was first described by I.
HAYASAKA and A. FUKADA (l95ll fromthe Upper Cretaceous near Katsurazawa,
Ikushumbets, Hokkaido. while T. ~IATSU­
MOTO at one time listed the species ll9.t2.
p. 197. etc.) as Reesidites minimus (nom.
nud.). 1\IATS!J:\IOTO (1959a. p. 66, pl. 7)
has settled the subzone of ' Reesidites'
minimus at a definite level in the lower
p:1rt of the Upper Yczo Group, uppermost part of the Upper Stage of the
Gyliakian Series. which is probably uppermost Turonian age in terms of inter·national scale. However · Neesidite.~' had• Received November 30, 1964: Read January 19. 196·1 at Fukuoka.

39

40

lkuwo OBATA

been a nomen nudum until \'\'RIGHT andl\IATSU:\!OTO (1954) gave the del1nition.
The so-called Barroisiceras has beenreported from the Coniacian in Europe,
Africa. South America and North America etc., and has been studied by many
palaeontologists. Of many works ]. B.
REESIDE's paper (1932) is outstanding inclassifying the previously too broadly
used Barroisiceras. He established anumber of subgenera and excluded threegroups from the genus Barroisiceras. Dr.
E. BASSE (1947) pointed out that theholotype of fJ. haberfellneri (HAUER) fromthe Alpine Gosau Beds is not identicalwith the beautiful French specimens
drawn by GIWSSOUVRE (1894), and sheremoved the latter from Barroisiceras toanother new genus Reesideoceras.
As to the Japanese species WRIGHTand )\(A TSLI \!OTO (I %1. p. 130) made thegenus Reesidites valid, and pointed out
its connection with Subprionocyc/us SHIMIZU. 1932. emended by themselves. Subsequently l\IATSU:\IOTO (1959a, p. 66;
1959b, p. 121) has remarked the relationships among some species of Subprionocyclus, Reesidites, and Barroisiceras. The
best exposures along the lkushumbets
showed a stratigraphic succession of Sub-

prionocyclus norma/is, Reesidites mininws
and llarroisiceras sp. in ascending order,
although regretfully they have submerged
under the artificial lake of the Katsurazawa dam since October 1957 as MATSUMOTO has already mentioned (1959a, p. 67).
For some reasons, probably of ecological and sedimentological factors. Reesidites minimus occurs allllndantly in aparticular layer but 5. norma/is occurs
less so and Barroisiceras very rare.
Although the ontogeny of .. !Jarroisiceras minimum" was described in detailby liAYASAK:\ and fUKAllA in 195l, mystudy in 1953-5-! was along a not her line
and I have carried on further additional

work. At the Annual Meeting of the
Palaeontological Society of japan. January 1964, Fukuoka, a Symposium washeld on "Ontogeny and Evolution" andI was invited to read a short paper which
presented a summary of results. The
abstract of that paper has recently been
published in Japanese (OBATA. 1964J.
This paper contains the full results ofmy research on the ontogeny of J?eesidites
minimus, with special reference to theallometry of the species.
Observation

Aiaterial. The repositories of the list·ed specimens are as follows. with sym·
bois in parentheses.
Department of Geology, Kyushu t;niversity. Fukuoka :GK)
Geological Institute. UniYersity ofTokyo (GT)All the examined specimens. except
otherwise stated, were collected by T.
~lATSm!OTO and N. KANHE in 1951
from the prolific horizon just below thesecond green sandstone in the lower
part of the Upper Yezo Group. The
localities are lk9-!6 •.GK. II4024-H-1046,
l-I 11051-l!:I052. H-1056-114059. H-1064-H-1077,
1·1·!087-H-1088. H4091-H4092) and lk938(GK. HIO:l7-H40:i0. H-!053-H 1!055. IH060ll1063, H4078-H:l086l. lkushumbets Valley.
Sorachi-gun in llokkaido. GK. II4090 iscollected by T. 0:--IOR! from the zone of
Reesidites minimus, at a exposure along
the rail-way r,now abandoned), near theentrance of Ban-no·sawa. lkushumbets
Valley, Hokkaido. .-\t Joe. lk2013b, thePonbets Valley, l\likasa City in llok·
kaido. a specimen, GK. H4089 is obtained from the lower pan of Upper Yezo
Group, about 20m below the green
sandstone bee! ·T. \IATSU\IOTO Coil.).
GT. 1-3:~28 doc. T40 · -tlp2 from the1,86.

Llllomet·ry of Reesidites minimw1

upper part of " lid" [a], Saku formation in the Abeshinai-Saku area, Teshio
Province. is also examined (T. i\lATSU·:\IOTO Coli.). I have examined the holotype and some other specimens in FuKADA's collection too. As the fossils
are usually contained in numbers in calcareous nodules together with othershells. they are in a favourable state ofpreservation and available for the examination of the ontogenetic development. Specimens are mostly those of
the immature and middle stages, being
usually orientated at random in limy
nodules. Some well-preserved specimens
Specimen
GK. IH025
GK. 114026
GK. IH027
GK. II4029
GK. H-1030
GK. H4031
GK. H4032
GK. H·I033
GK. H403~1
GK. H·I035
GK. H4037
GK. H-1038
GK. H4040
GK. II404l
GK. H-10-12
GK. II4043
GK. H4041
GK. H-10·15
GK. H·I046
GK. H·IOI7
GK. H4018
GK. I-H049
GK. H4050
GK. H~051
GK. H4052
GK. H-1056
GK H4057
GK. II4058
GK. H4059
GK. IH060
GK. II·\062

Diameter
15.9
18.5
17.8
20.0

Height

7.0
8.6

17.4

8.0
8.8
11.3
7.5

22.6

10.3

H.2
14.9

5.8
6.6
12. 7
6.8
-1. 2
4.4

26.8

27.6
15. l
U. 7

12.3
9.5
ll. 7
10. 5
8.9
7. 7
c. 21. 2

33.3
20.1
33.3
c. 25.3

53
7.4
18.1

13.6

3.-!
5.0
4. 2

3.3
3.0

10.2
17.0
8.9
17. -1
11.4
2.0
3.2
8.5
5.8

3.8
II. 5
10.3

5. 1
1:!.3
4.0

Breadth

u
4.6
4. J
5.3
6.6
<1. 6
3.9
4.3
6.4

have been examined as material for unravelling the ontogeny in the earlier
stage of growth.
The data concerning Subprionocyclus
norma/is. S. neptuni and S. bran11eri arecited from MATSUMOTO (l959b and 1965)
for comparison.
Measurements (in mm.). When thespecimen is partly broken. the cstimat·
ed figures are shown, with asterisk of
the right shoulder. calculated from thehalf or partly observable ones which areindicated in square brackets. The measurements which are described in l'viATSU:\IOTo (1965) are omitted here.
Umbilicus
•1. 8
-L6

0.67

4. ·1
-1.0

24
31
27

5. 7

21

4.2
•1. 2
4.5

36
37

14

38

11

28

33
31

10
9

28

3:3

13

35

- ?

16
20
36
35
28

10
7
9
[6]x2•
11[6] X 2*
10[17] x2•[17]x2•
6

0.65
0.50

0. 7·1
0. 70
~- 68

2.8
2.3
2.2
5.0

0.67
0. 70

4.8

5. 7
8. 1

4.8
5.5

5.1
8.8

1). 57

3. 1
3.6
3.5
3. 1
2.5
·1. 2
6.3
5.3

U. 51

~)

6.6
1.8

0.58
0.90

0.73
0.-19

....

c. 5. 0

1.9

2.6

2.6
2.9
5.6
2.5

Tubercles
umbili. ventrolat.
[6Jx2• (14]x2·
12
32
25
11
11
28
15
·11
II
31
13
37
[5] x2•[13) X 2*
38
11
9
29
12
[36]-!2•

B/H
0.63
0.53
0.55
0.60
0.58
0.61

3. 1
:3.1
2.3

3.4

41

0.59
0.68

0.57
0.46
0.63

5. 1
4. I

?-6
30
25
27
29
30
28

28

32
20
19

26

30

27
3.0

29

·I
13

II
[6] X 2•[5] x2*['1] x2•[6] X 2*36

H[11] X 2*

32[20) X 2•[8] X 4•~0:l520(18] X 2*[1!1] x2*
[16]x2*[15]x2•

-~2

GK. H4063
GK. 114064
GK. H4065
GK. IH061i
GH. H4067
GK. 1-14068
GK. IH069
GK. I-14070
GK. I-14071
GK I-14072
GK. H4073
GK. I-1407·1
GK. IH075
GK. Il·1077
GK. H-1078
GK. Il4079
GK. H4080
GK. 114081
GK. 111082
GK. 1-1<1083
GK. H-108·1
GK. 114085
GK. ll·1086
GK. I-1·1087
GK. 1!-1088
GK. H-1091
GK. 1-140!12
GT. 1~3328

8.6
17.9
H3
c. 19. 2
17.7
13.7
10.0

7.6
11.7

11.-1
17.6
12.8
12.6
25.9
21.6
16.9
c. 42. s

Jl.'H7l.'O

0BAT.4

4.4
3. 7
4.8
2.9
4.2
3.9
3.5
3 ;-

0.59
0.57
0.57
0.66
0.58
0.61
0.57
0.60
0.64
0.62
0.62
0. 78
0.66
0.79
0.54
0.77
0. 48
0.76
0.53
0.58
0.59
0.62
0. 47
0.54

c. 3. I

7.4
6.5
c. 8. 4
4.4
7.3
6.·1
6. 1
6.2
-1.2
5.5
5.3
2.7
4. 1
4.2
6.3
3. 1
9.9
4.6
7.5
6. 7
5.8
5.5
15.8
12.5
11. 9
8. 7
c. 20.4

? -

-·I

3.4
3.3
2. 1
')

~

~-I

3.3
3.4
2.4
4.8
3.5
4.0
3.9
3.4
3.4

7. 4
6. 7

5.3

30

3.3

24

3.2
3.9

32

2.3

30

4.0

34

4. :~
5.2

38
30

3.6
3.9

28
31

7.2

28
21
2·1
18

4.0

c. 9. 40.46

c. 7. 8in immature stages.
in mm.

[5]x4•[8)x2•
11[6]x2•(7] X 2•[6] x2•[6] X 2*[6] x2•[-1]x2•[7] X 2•(5) x2•[3]x·l·3(3]x·l·12[7] x2•[6] x2•(3Jx·l•II[5] X 2•[5]x2'[14] X 2•[17] x2•
36(15]x2•(20] X 2•(18] X 2*[7] X 4*
[ 16] x2•[15]x2•[16]x2·(8] X -t•[10]x-t•10(11] X ·I·
36(18]x2·(17]x2•[7] x4·[15] x2•[17]x2•(17) X 2*[5] X 2•[ 4 J X 2•
12(10] X '1'[8]x2•
3·1

17[16] x3•

l'vleasurements are

GK. IH025
1st VOL later
2nd
early
later
3rd " early.. later
4th
early
later
5th
early
later
lith
early

..

..
..
..

..

(2)

35
30
27
28

·L 6

1\1cas 11 re /Ill' II/ s 011 indiFidual growth.
Several specimens are seltcted for clarify thE: serial change of indi,·idual growth

(1)

3.0
5.3
3.8
5.3

Diameter
0.79
1. 07
l. 47
2. 01
2. 70
3.66
5.05
7. 15
10.39
15. 19Height
0.28
0.40
0.46
0.6-1

Diameter
0.77
1. 09

B/11
1.82
l. 40
l. 43
1. 23
1. 12
0.99
0. 87
0.70
0.63
O.fifiUmbilicus

%

0.39
0.61
0.91
l. 20
1 60
2. 13

36
41
45
44

1.20
1.72
2.56
4.10
6.50

Breadth
0.51
0.56
0.66
0.79
0.96
1.19
1. 49
1. 80
2.60
4.30

3.73
4.59

42
40
36
30

Height0.31
0 41

Breadth
0.53
0.59

B/ll

Urnllilicus

%

1. 71
l. 44

0. :37

34

0.86

2.87

44

GK. 11•1033
2nd vol. early
later

486.
3rd
4th

(3)

,,
,

5th

,

6th

,

early
later
early
later
early
later
early

4.25
6.45
9.55
13.85

0.53

0.73
1. OS
1. 65
2. 77
3. 8-1

5. 70

1. 43
]. 18
1. 05
0.84

0.56

0.65
0.63
0.67

2.03

37
39
38
36
31

2.94
.!_ 3131
31

Breadth
0.50
0.54

B/ll
167

Umbilicus

L 64

0.59
0.79

1. 37
1. 41
l. 15

0.25
0. 50

0.76
0.86
1.13
1. 39
1.80

2.40
3.80

0.81

1.12
I. 52

Diameter
0.65
0.91
1. 26
1.72

2.34
3. 18
I. 37

Height

0.30
0.33
0.43
0.56
0. 75
1. 02
1.-19

0.86
1. 09
1. 39
1.77

L 07
0 93

0. 7:~

1. 03
1. 41

1. 86

6. 15
8. 75

2.23
3.36

0. 79

2.43

2.30

0.68

3. 16

Diameter
0. 80.1. 11
1. 5-l2. 12

HeightBreadth

0.53

0.41
0.56

0.63

2.85

0.73
0.96

3.91
5. 36

1. 49
1. 88

0.96
1.12
1. •19
1. 75

B/H
1. 54
L 54
1. 36
I 32
l. 17
]. 00

Umbilicus

0 33

DiameterHeight

0. 79

0.28
0.33
0.53

Breadth
0.50
0.54
0.66

B/H
1. 79
I. 64
1. 25

0.99

0.96

0.97

'.!.7
40
•12
4-1
·14
13
·10
36

G K. 111051
2nd vol. earlylater
3rd .. earlylater
4th .. earlylater
5th .. early

(5)

1. 50
2.07
2.93

GK. I H036

2nd vol. earlylater
3rd .. earlylater
4th , earlylater
5th .. early
later
6th
early
(4)

4 ')oJ

illlomet1·y of Reesidites mi;limus

0.76

0.93

0.37

33

0. ·17

31
39
·11
37

0.83

l. 16
L 46
1. 91

36

GK. 11·1055
2nd vol. earlylater
3rd .. earlylater
4th .. early

l. 09
1. 47

Ontogenetic devt>lopment

Although the ontogenetic change ofmorphological character is more or less
gradual. the following stages are distinguished. Fig. 1 is a summarized resultof the study. Some examples of thetransverse section and the sutural development of immature shells are shownin text -figs. 2-4 The photographed specimens are shown on Plates 4-5.

Umbilicus

0.48
0.61

(l) Protocollch. The protoconch is not
exposed, being completely enveloped by
the succeeding first whorl (Fig. 5). It isroughly spherical or rather elli psoidnl inshape. Its diameter (i.e. the dimension
along the shorter axis of the ellipsoid)is estimated at about 0.33 mm. Its width(i.e. the dimension along the longer axisof the ellipsoid) is 0.-!0 mm. (GK. H4055l(2)

The first and the second whorls.

Diameter is less than c. l.Smrn., shell isvery to moderately evolute, with inYolu-

.!:>.

"'"
100.0

6+

(7)
40.0

ONTOGENY

k

1
----

fll_

_
r'l _
~ "',_

6

- - -

(4)
3.0

(3)

1,<;

f-

0

FL

()

(r.U&(•S),)

U2.L.E)

nr--...- ---->,--~
ALL :INC.
....r- --._(
u- MOD. VAR.
_

~ _,-.r-"'t.

APP. , _ ~ AP P.
APP./'~.APP.

I

I

~I

I

C.F.
L. N.
APP.

o-

--

11

E L : Bl P.

I· ..r--'"'-L 1-~~ .. · · · · .. · I

I

O!>IOIG202r.IIG202t!I0)5404G-I_r-------'1_

~-~

I

I

J

I

I

I 1o

30

40

ELLIPSOIDCOMPLETELY(e.Q.

ENVELOPED

Text-fig. 1.

~

~

w
~

~
:i

.......

;:.;-

::::
....
.,.,

E : BIP.

w

>

0

~

:,

<(

~

~

c

~
;:...

0

~
?x

-

<!)

1-

w

w

Ill
0

o..

t

Ill
-

.j,

D.40

?! ~ )r~~WHORL UM~ILI~U~(~ )-r B/H r:=-I .,.. U~IONv ...

0

g

-

[r.u •. uJ>.L,t:.j•. L.E]

52 __j 0;5 1,0 1.,5 2;0 I ~5. ~4 .~NEARLY

a:

r- T

>-

I I I L~ Il--------+---------+-------+---------1---~--

20z t-r-~--I 1

I ~-t""*"

Io
U> : APP.

---

I Pr.

L:VAR.

L.U..A:INC
L:BIP.

ow >::! ::
~ ~ ~
~ w ~

w
:::

Z

L"u : Bl P.

3

0 JJ f---

(1)

J c

_r-t__

T _r,.__- - - -~--__....,.......,---~

l-----1- - 2(2)_f"-"L

4

1-~..r'""-L

5

1--

iii

s --o
)

---tJflL

f-

(5)
6 0

minimus

~

_r-t_

~

7

r-

Rees id ites

-

(6)

13 0

ot

•

0.33mm.)

BY

THE

FIRST

VI HORL-UMBILICAL J VENTROLATERALTUB E R C L E
RI B

KEEL

l

~-H., SUTURE

I

Ontogenetic development of the characters.

DIA.: dtameter, SIP! I.: position of siphuncle. Pr.: protoconch. APP.: appearance, C.: coarse. F.: line,
L.: less, N.: non less. BIP.: bipartite. 1\ : saddles, INC.: incision, VAR.: variable, MOD.: moderately.

ALLOMETRYI~

48{i.

45

Allometry of Reesidites minimus

Text-fig. 3. Trans\·erse section of GK.
1!4051, an immature specimen.

Text-fig. 2. Transverse section of GK.
H·1025, an immature specimen.

tion of 1/1.9 to 1/1.7, fairly widely tofairly narrowly umbilicate (the umbilicus
being from 44% to 27% of the diameter)(Figs. 2. 3, 6) ; umbilicus is shallow andsurrounded by gently sloping wall ;whorls are less embraced. inflated andfairly to much depressed. height being
far smaller than width with B/11 from
1.8 to 1.3 (Figs. 2, 3. 6, 7). Surface issmooth without any trace of a ventral
keel. The septal suture-line consists ofI. U1 • U", L and E: E is large and subdivided from the beginning; I is relative·
ly broad and not yet subdivided (Fig. 4).
The siphuncle is subcentral or rather
somewhal internal in the first volution

and is displaced rather externally in thesecond one (Figs. 2. 3. 61(3) The third whorl and /he earlypar/ of !he fourth one. Diameter isless than c. 3.0 mm. Whorls are em·braced. inflated and fairly depressed(8/II being from 1.4 to 1.1) (Figs. 2, 3,
7). umbilicus is fairly wide to moderate(from •15% to 31% of the diameter) andshallow with an inclined wall. Involu·tion is variable. being moderate to very
evolutc (i.e. 1/1.9 to 1/4.0) (Figs. 2, 3, 7).
Through the preceding stage and theearlier substage of the present one thediameter of umbilicus increases rapidly,
showing positive allometry to the total
diameter; then moderately, showing iso·metry, after 2 mm. of diameter (Fig. 21 ).
The relation between height and diametersomewhat differs in the later substage
from that in the earlier one, increasingslightly rapidly in height (Fig. 20). Surface is smooth without any trace of aventral keel. In the suture-line of theearly part of the third whorl
beginsto appear at the umbilical suture. and E
and I are deep (Fig. 4). The siphuncle

u.

46

lknzvo OB.-tTA

U I U U, L

E

Uu L

E

0

',~

(2)

Un L

E

L

E

2m

~

(3)

~
'

0

3e

.

(4)
I

(5)

1• l

~

( 1)

u

L

E

~
E

{6)

Jl
L

E
0

4e
(7)

0

0

4m-4l

(8)

Text-tig. 4.

Sutural development of immature shells.

(1): GK. H405·1, 1'1: (2): GK. II4054, 2'm: (3): GK. H4053. 2 m; (-1): GK. H4053. 3'e;(5): GK. Il4039. 3'e-m; (6): GK. H•I039, 3'1: (7): GK IH053, 4'e: (8): GK. H•l053 .!'m-1.

486.

Allometl'l/ of Hee~;idites minimus

472t(2) --t\\\\.......,Q2mm.

' ', ....

b.... ......... __w0.1mm .

Text-fig. 5. Schematic figure of thecross-section of the earlier whorls in GK.
H4055.

Text-lig. 6. Immature shell. at thelater part of the second volution. of GK.
H-1054. a: lateral view. b: ventral view.
(1) and (2) corre:;pond to the illustrated
sutures. (1) and (2) in text-fig. -1.

Jl~..-J02mm.

O.Smm.

L--l

a

~mm.

b

c

Text-fig. 7. Immature shell, at the third volution. of GK. 11-1039. a: lateral view ofthe later substage, b: ventral view of the later substage. c : cross-section of the l!Hrlier
substage. (5) and (6) correspond to the illustrated sutures. (5) and (6) in text-fig. 4.

8

A

&e
0

Je
0

21

OSmm.

...____.O.Smm .

1.-..J

B

Text-fig. 8. Immature shell, at the earlier part of the fourth volution, of GK. 11•1053.
a: lateral Yiew, b: ventral view. (3) and (4) correspond to the illustrated sutures, (3)and (•I) in text-fig. 4.

lkuwo 013ATA

48

gradually approaches to the ventral side
during the growth of the third whorl(Figs. 2. 3, 5. 7. 8).
The main part of the fourth andthe early part of the fifth whorls. Diameters are from c. 3.0 mm. to c. <i.O mm.
(4)

Umbilicus is fairly wide or moderate,
being from 44.% to 36% of the diameter(Figs. 2, 3). \Vhorls are embraced, being
fairly evolute to moderate (1/2.7 to 1/1.7),
almost as high as broad in the earlier
substage and slightly higher than broadin the later substage (B/H being from
1.1 to 0.8) (Figs. 2. 3. 8). Flanks aresmooth without ribbing but on the medianline of the venter a faint keel is discernible.
In the late substage of some specimens
the indistinct ventro-lateral tubercles
begin to appear and then at the beginningof the next stage the umbilical tubercles
and ribs appear successively (e. g. GK.
H'1052) (Fig. 9). But in some others the

4t-5e

J1mm.

Text-fig. 9. Lateral view of immatureshell, which shows the later part of the
fourth to the earlier part of the fifth
volution, of GK. I-1<1052.

obscure umbilical tubercles appear firstin the later substage or at the beginningof the next stage and forestall the ventrolateral tubercles which appear in thenext earlier substage (e. g. GK. H4043).
In the septal suture-line of the earlysubstage the first lateral saddle between
E and L is asymmetrically and shallowly divided, with the outer branch lower
than the inner (Fig. 4). The siphuncle

is situated almost at the ventral extremity (Fig. 8).
(51 The main par/ of the fifth and theearly part oj the sixth whorls. Diameters
are from c. 6.0 to c. 13.0 mm. Shell israther moderate in involution (i.e. mostly
1/2.3 to 1/1.9 and rarely 1/2.6); umbilicus
is moderately wide to narrow. being from
40% to 27% of the diameter (Fig. 2\.
Whorls are fairly to much compressed,
B/H being 0.6 to 0.8. At about 8 mm. of
diameter whorl-breadth changes eminent·ly its value of relative growth ratio andapproaches the isometric relation to thewhorl-height (Fig. 18), resulting in thenearly isometric relation between breadthand diameter (Fig. 19). In the stages
preceding to this the whorl-breadth in·creased slowly. showing negative allo·
metry to the whorl-height (Fig. 18). The
venter is distinctly keeled on the medianline. The keel is almost smooth in theearlier part of the fifth whorl, then faint·
ly undulated at its intersection with thestriae extended from the lateral ribs. In
the early part of the sixth whorl i l is
serrated, sharp. narrow and prominent.
Along the ventro-lateral edge there are
numerous small tubercles at the end of
the ribs, which are twice or three times
as numerous as the umbilical tubercles.
The umbilical shoulder is ornamented
with relatively large umbilical tubercles
which are extended obliquely forward
and sometimes radially to the ribs. Flanks
are ornamented with the flexiradiate ribs.
which are bifurcated near the umbilicaltubercles and also intercalated with someshorter ribs. The intercalated ribs are
confined on the external half of the whorl.
The ribs show generally a gently sig·
moiclal curvature on the main part of theflanks and are sharply bent forward at
the submarginal inner ventro-lateral point.
widen gradually from there towards theventro-lateral tubercles. thence weakening

4R6.

49

Allom.etry of Hee&-idites 1ninimus

5'm

Fig.lO

E

L

u,

u.
------''-----.

I!,-Jutr~m

Fig.1lText.fig. 10.

Suture. at the middle part of the fifth volution.
of GK. H4038, an immature specimen.

Text.fig. 11.

Suture. at the middle part of the fifth volution,of GK. H4039, an immature specimen.

7

lmm.

6"e
Text.fig. 12. Suture, at the earlier part of the sixth \'olution,of GK. H4025, an immature specimen.

L......_..jand finally disappearing towards themedian keel. In some specimens the
sculptures are not so distinct in thisstage and the ribs are faint at the mid·die of the flanks (e. g. GK. 1!4040). In
the earlier substage in the fifth whorl L
begins to be bipartite, and then succes·
sively minor incisions occur in L, theadjacent saddles and u.. I is narrowand deep. Minor elements of L are
fairly variable by individuals in depth
and arrangement. and the variation in
the minor incisions becomes distinctivein the later substage. In some specimens L is clearly quartered at the middle of the fifth whorl (e. g. GK. H4038)(Figs. 10. 11, 12).

2mm.

JText.fig. 13. Lateral 1•iew of an im.
mature specimen, which shows the mainpart of the fifth and the early part of thesixth volution, of GK. H4038, which ischaracterized by its elegant ribs, large
number of the marginal nodes and ribs.

50

1ku 1ro OB.I TA

There are two types of varieties inthis stage. One is characterized by its
comparatively coarser and less numer·
ous ribs and marginal nodes {e. g. GK.
4040) and the other by its more elegant,finer and larger number of ribs andmarginal nodes (e. g. GK. H4038) (Fig.
13). Thus, the specimens exemplify a,..-ide extent of variation of this species.
(6) The main part of the sixth and theseveuth whorls. Diameters are from c.

13 to c. 40 mm. Shell is fairly involute
to moderate (e. g. 1/1.5 at the diameterof c. 15 mm. in GK. 114025); umbilicus isfairly narrow to moderate (from 35% to
16% of the diameter), with a steep wall:
whorls are fairly to much compressed(B/H is from 0.7 to 0.5). with convergent
flanks. keeled on the median line of thenarrow, roof shaped venter, which is not
simply sagitate. The keel is somewhat
undulated. Flanks of the shell arc orna·
mented with flexiradiate primary andsecondary ribs. The ribs show general·ly a gentle curvature near the middle ofthe flanks and they curve forward again
at the submarginal inner ventro-lateralpoint forming an angle there. On theumbilical shoulder the end of the primary rib is elevated to a tubercle which
is elongated radially or rather obliquely
forward. Every rib is broadened externally and forms a clavate tubercles atthe outer ventro-lateral edge. It extends
further obliquely forward from the tuber·cles towards the median keel with de·creasing strength, finally becomes faintand almost disappears near the keel. The
elevation of the undulated keel is foundat the inter-section of the keel and theextended weak rib ahead of the con·esponding ventro-lateral tubercles. On
the posterior part of the living chamber
the similar ribbing continues but theribs are coarser and broader and further·more, ftexiradiate lirae are better dis-cernible than on the preceding parts.
Elements of the suture-line are apparently numerous, although the formulais [1. U 1 • U3 (=s). U.~, L. E] (Figs. 14-15).
The subdivisions of all the elements areadded to those of the preceding stage.
The same kinds of variety are also dis·tinguishable as regards the suture ofthis stage. However, the differencesamong the individuals are rather gradual,
being connected by some intermediate
forms. The lobes become deep and U isnarrow. In the later stage of the sixth
whorl. the first lateral saddle is broad
and asymmetrically bifid, first lateralsaddle slightly narrower than the external one and divided relatively narrowly
and asymmetrically, L is almost as broadas the first lateral saddle and as deep as
E. The general pattern of the suture
resembles that of Subprionocyclus, e. g.
S. hitchinensis (BILLJ!'\GIIURST), S. neptuni

andthe related forms.
There are two main types of ,·arieties
in this stage. One is characterized bycomparatively coarser and stouter ribs
and smaller number of ribs and marginal tubercles (e. g. GK. I-H027) (Pl. 5, flg.
2; Fig. 16). The other is characterizedby more elegant and slender ribs andlarger number of ribs and marginal tubercles (e. g. GK. H4032) (Pl. 4. fig. 3). In
the latter type two subgroups are furthermore distinguished. One has a relatively
narrow umbilicus (e. g. GK. H4026) (Pl. ·1,
fig.2: Fig.l7). The other has relatively
wide umbilicus (e. g. GK. 4030) (Pl. 4, fig.
12). I am inclined, however. to include
these forms in one and the same species,
because they occur in the same bed together with some intermediate specimens{GEINITZ). S. norma/is (ANDERSON)(Fig. 1).
iT• Full·gron·n shell after the eighth
whorl. Diameters are c. 40 mm. to c. 100

mm. Shell is very involute; umbilicus

486.

51

Allom.etry of Heesid·ites minim11s
L

E

tlm
1mm.
L...--1

Text·fig. 14.

Suture, at the middle part of the sixth \'Olution.
of GK. H4035. a middle age specimen.

L
E

u,.

0.5mm.
~

Text.fig. 15. Suture. at the later part of the sixth yolution.
of GK. 114049. a middle age specimen.

3mm.

J

3mm.

J

Text.fig. 16. Peripheral view. at thesixth stage, of GK. 114021. which is char.
acterized by comparati \·elr coarse andstout ribs and small number of ribs andmarginal tubercles.

Text.fig. 17. Peripheral ,·iew, at thesixth stage. of GK. 114026, which is characterized by elegant and slender ribs
and large number of ribs and marginal
tubercles.

is shallow and narrow (e. g. about 15%of the diameter at the end of this stage)
with a perpendicular wall : whorls are
distinctly compressed (e. g. B/11 being

0.40 al the end of this stage) with subparallel. converging flanks.
Keel iscoarsely serrated on the narrow. fastigate venter. Somewhat flattened and1/cnwo OKc!TA

52

broadened primary ribs. which springfrom the umbilical bullae, and bifurcated or inserted secondary ones are very
gently ftexiradiate or almost rectiradiateon the flanks. They are curved gently
fonvard at the submarginal inner ventrolateral point and broadened, forming
davae at the outer ventro-lateral edge.
Ribs are extended and projected on theventer with decreasing strength, and thekeel forms wave like elevations at its
intersection with extended weak ribs.
On the anterior part of the body chamber the ribs are broadened and manylirae which are parallel to the ribs, areobservable.
Concluding Remarks
Validity of the genus. As WRIGHT andl\l-\TSUMOTO (1954, p. 130) have alreadyremarked the genus Reesidites. with thetype-species /(_ minimus (HAYASAKA and
FUKADA), belongs to the Collignoniccratidae, and there is sufficient diagnosis tojustify the distinction of the genus Reesidites from other allied genera. WRIGHT
and l\L-\ TSU~lOTO stated that the sharp
forward bend of the ribs. especially on
the inner whorls. as they approach theventro-lateral shoulder indicates the connection with Subprionocyclus, although
the general features in the outer whorlof Reesidites with a fastigate venterwith a coarsely serrate keel recalles Barroisiceras sensu stricto. This statement
is confirmed by the present study of ontogeny in Reesidites minimus.
Species lineage. According to the biostratigraphic work in Hokkaido by l'viATSUl\IOTO (1959a, p. 66). Subprionocyclus
neptuni (GEINITZ). Subprionocyclus norma/is (A:-<DERSO:\) and then Reesidites
minimus (HAYASAKA and FUKADA) occur
in ascending order. They are often associated with Scipolwceras intermedium,in the zone of Inoceramus /eshioensis,
the upper part of the upper Gyliakian.
This is in harmony with the occurrenceof the two former species in California.
As to Barroisiceras undoubted examples
are collected by him from a level immediately above the bed of Nee~idites
minimus or in the zone of Inoceramus
uwajimensis, Ikushumbets area. On theoccasion of describing Subprionocyclus
norma/is ( ANDERSO"\) from California,~IATSu:\IOTO (1959b. p. 121) remarked
that the relationship is so intimate that
5. norma/is may be regarded as intermediate between Subprionocyclus neptuni
and Neesidites mzmmus. Support isgiven to MA TSCMOTO's conclusion fromthe ontogenetic observation of Neesidites
mwimus.
Variation. It is noteworthy that thestage in which certain morphologic characters appear is variable to some extent
by individuals. It should be stressed thateven in the young and middle stages ofgrowth there are considerable variationin ornaments. shell-form and suture (seemeasurements and also Figs. 1. 10. 11. 16.
17). For example, at about ll mm. of
diameter there observed distinctly fairly
wide scope of variability in the development of the sutural elements. In the fifth
and the sixth stages of certain specimens(e. g. GK. J(c!0,16) even in the same sutureline the minor incisions of L are somewhat different from each other between
the two sides.
Protoconch. As far as the available
data are concerned, the size of protoconch in Reesidites minimus is one of
the smallest group in the japanese Cretaceous ammonites. It is far smaller
than that of some gaudryceratids. phylloceratids and puzosiines. Its size isnearly the same as or a little smaller
than that of /Jesmophyllites diphy/loides(cf. 0BAT:\ 1960), one of the Desmocera-

486.

53

Allometry of Reesid·ites minimus

tinae, and A!etaplacellliceras sttbtilistriatum (cf. ;\IATSUMOTO 1953), one of thelloplitaceae.
Ontogenetic allometry. judging fromthe serial data of several selected indi·
victuals, the spiral growth of Reesidites
minimus is also represented by an equa·tion of r=aek 0 , like that in some otherammonites (cf. OBATA 1960). A criticalpoint. which is between the later part of
the third whorl and the early one of the
fourth, in the regressive line of spiralgrowth. corresponds to a critical pointon the allometric line which shows arelation between height and diameter.
As to the dimensions of 'whorl-height.

breadth. umbilicus and diameter in Reesidites miuimus a relation between twoof them is represented by an allometricexpression y=bx", as in the case of some
dcsmoceratids tcf. OBATA 1959). Let us
examine the ontogenetic allometry by agraphic method of the double logarithms.
The relation between height and breadth
is at least diphasic allometry below 7 mm.
in height (Fig. 18). It is considered as
triphasic allometry through the whole
growth stages \Fig. 1). An eminent
critical point is that of 2 mm. in breadth,in the earlier substage of the fifth stageof development. The point shows achange from negative to isometric growth

mm.
10

7
5

I

/

3

I

10

./

1?//

2

4:

w

e:::
CD
...J

e:::
0
I

3=

0.7

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.1

02

0.3

0.5

0.7

WHORL

2

0

H 4025e

H 4033

X

H 4036+

H 4051

6.

H4055

3

5

7

10

mm.

HEIGHT

Text-fig. 18. Ontogenetic allometry of breadth to height: the double logarithmic
graph shows the serial change of individual growth in immature stage, indicating thechange from negative allometry to isometry at 1he critical point about 3 mm. in height.

0: GK. H4025, e: GK. II4033. x : GK. H·I036, + : GK. H-1051. ~: GK. JJ.l055.

Ikmt·o OBA T.~

54

of breadth to height (Fig. 18). and exactly corresponds to the distinct criticalpoint of breadth to diameter. whichshows a change from negative to isometric growth in the allometry between
breadth and diameter (Fig. 19). A critical point of the allometry between heightand diameter is in the later substage ofthe third stage of morphologic development. and shows a very slight increaseof relative growth coefficient of height
to diameter. dividing the earlier isonwtricline and the later positive one at about
3 mm. in diameter (Fig. 20). Relation
between the diameter of umbilicus andthat of the entire shell is also triphasic

allometry (Fig. 1). A distinct criticalpoint is at 2 mm. in diameter (Fig. 21).
The point shows a change from positive
to negative growth of umbilicus to diameter. It is in the third stage of themorphologic development.
Thus two critical points of allometry
are antecedent to the appearance of akeel and ornaments. and the rest is accompanied with or comes after the appearance of ornaments. As an assumed
critical point is in the early part of thesixth whorl (Fig. 1). it may be suggested
that the point could mean the attaining
to maturity. The peak of histogram corresponds to the latest critical point (Fig.

mm.
10
7

d.= 1.1

5
0

/

/
3
J:

1-

2

D

<!

w
0:::

m
0.7

H 40250.5

H 40 3 3_l0:::

H 40360
I

3:+ H 405 I

03

.6.

H4055

02

0.~,----~0~.~2~0~.~3~~0~5~0~~~~----~2~~3~~~5~~7~~,0~--~2~0~~3~0~-m-m--.-0

AMETER

Text-fig. 19. Ontogenetic allometry of breadth to diameter: the double logarithmic
graph shows the serial change of individual growth in immature stages. indicating thechange from negative allometry to isometr~· at the critical point about 8 mm. in diameter.
0: GK. H4025. e: GK. H-1033, X : GK. 114036. +: GK. 114051. f:l.: GK. H-1055.

486.

Allomel;ry of Reesichtes mi.nimus

55

amples (Fig. 1).
Phyllogenetic allometry. This may approximately correspond to lineage aliamorphosis of WESTOLL (1950). Comparing Reesidites minimus with the three
species of Subprionocyclus from Japanand California, the proportion of breadth
to height on the average is as follows
in the ascending order: Reesidiles minimus, Suhprionocyclus norma/is, S. neptuni
and S. branneri (Fig. 22\.
Let us examine the phyllogenetic allometry by a graphic method of the double
logarithms. Reesidites minimus, Subprionocyclus norma/is and S. neptuni fall on
the same linear line in the graph of

2'1). In short. when we carefully examine the data, we find that the changeof growth ratio occurs at a few criticalpoints in the course of growth. It isshown that changes in the specific growthconstants are a necessary consequence of
the allometric growth. Thus, support isgiven, by biometric studies of ammonites,
to the concept of allometry as a biological principle, as PARKINSO:'\ (1960) has
recently discussed on the Carboniferous
brachiopoda. As previous authors (e. g.
HUXLEY 1932, NEV.-ELL 1956) have remarked. allometric changes in form arehighly characteristic of many species.
Reesidites minimus is one of the ex-

m m.
10

7

/

5

1I

/
/

3

/

~

w

2

/
+. /

I

/

1
_J

a::
0
I

5

07
0 H40250.5

eH4033)( H4036

0"3+H4051
0.2

0.1.6 H4055

02

0.3

0.5

07

I

2

3

DIAMETER

5

7

10

20

mm.

Text-fig. 20. Ontogenetic allometry of ieight to diameter: the double logarithmic
graph shows the serial change of indiyidual growth in immature stages. indicating thechange from isometry to positive allometry at the critical point about 3 mm. i1(diameter.
0: GK. !H025, e: GK. H4033, x : GK. H4036, +: GK. 1·1•1051, D.: GK. IH055.

Ikuwo 0B.4T.4

56

height and breadth Wig. 22). Furthermore. the same relation is recognized in
the graph of height and diameter or
breadth and diameter (Figs. 23-24). As
regards the relation between breadth anddiameter S. branneri belongs to the same
allometric tribe [in the proper sense. cf.
LW.1ER (1940)] as the other three species
under consideration (Fig. 24), although it
shows a slightly smaller height (Fig. 23)
and larger umbilicus than those in others.
Thus. it is noted that Reesidites minimus
often forms an allometric tribe in conjunction with Subprionocyclus norma/isand 5. neptuni.
As }OYSEY (1956) has already pointed
out. it is advocated that the parametersof the relative growth relationship between pairs of characters provide themost satisfactory basis of statistical comparison between fossil communities. Some
examples of the situation are shown on
Figs. 22-24.

Relation between phylogenetic allometry
and ontogenetic allometry. As to therelation between phylogenetic allometry
and ontogenetic one several works havebeen done by previous palaeontologists
on some vertebrates: HERSH (1934) studied
on Paleogene Titanotheres from North
America ; ROBB (1935} and REEVE andl\IURRAY (1942) discussed the evolutionof horses; GRAY (1946) and LULL and
GRAY (1949) examined the Ceratopsia.

m m.
7

/

/

5

I

I

•

I

3

I
(./)

2

:::::>
<.)

_.
ro

0.7

2

0.5

0(=1.5:::::>

0.3

H4025

e

H4033

>(

H4036

+ H4051
6

02

0.1

0

0.2

03

0.5 0.7

2

3

DIAMETER

H4 055

5

7

10

m m.

Text-fig. 21. Ontogenetic allometry of umbilicus to diameter: the double logarithmic
graph shows the serial change of individual growth in immature stages. indicating thechange from positive allometry to isometry at the critical point about 2 mm. in diameter.
Q: GK. H4025, e: GK. H4033. x : GK. H4036. + : GK. H-1051. 6.: GK. H4055.

486.

Allometry of Reesidites minimus

Cretaceous dinosaurs.
NEWELL '19481
mentioned some examples of the phylogenetic allometry on the invertebrate
fossils. and remarked on the parallel
relationship in the process of ontogeny
and phylogeny. It seems to me that
there is not yet sufficient material ofbiometry which shows strict coincidence
between ontogenetic and phylogenetic
lines, as \VESTOLL (1950) has remarked.
Concerning the allometric tribe of thethree species of ammonites, i.e. Reesidiles
minimus. Subprionocyc/us norma/is and S.
neptzwi. the relation between allomorphosis and ontogenetic allometry is \'ery

57

interesting. The line of phylogenetic
allometry of breadth to height (Fig. 22),that of breadth to diameter (Fig. 24). andthat of height to diameter (Fig. 23) correspond \Vith the lines of ontogenetic
allometry in Subprionocyclus nepluni.
Thus, the corresponding line of phylogenetic allometry is controlled by thesize and the relative growth coefficientof S. nep/uni among the three species(Figs. 22-24).
Deviatiou, reduction and proterogenesis.
In Subprionocyclus norma/is and Reesi·
diles minimus the largest example attains
to 70 mm. or more in shell diameter. but

m m.
50

30
I

20

10
<(

w

10

0::

co

7

5
_.l

0::
0

3

I

~

0

2

0

2

3

5

7

10

20

30

WHORL-HEIGHT

50

70

100

m m.

Text-fig. 22. Phylogenetic allometry of breadth to height: the double logarithmic
graph shows the phylogenetic allometry, in the sense of average growth in later stages.
on the basis of calculation by data of published measurements. Ontogenetic allometry.
in the sense of average growth. is also indicated by data of published measurements.
Thus. in this case, the line of phylogenetic allometry corresponds with the line of onto·
genetic allometry of Subprionocyclus neptuni. o: Subprionocyclus bramzeri (n =1.0). + :Subprionocyclus neplrllli (tr=l.2), •: Subprionocyclus norma/is ('r=0.9). o: Reesidiles
minimus (n=0.7).
mean dimension of each species. - : ontogenetic allometry in thesense of mean growth, - : phylogenetic allometry (a=l.2).

0:

58

lkliWO OB.-ITA.

many specimens that are probably adultare below 40 mm. in diameter (Figs. 2425). The two species are nearly equalin size.
In comparing the shell form and ornament of Reesidites minimus with thoseof Subprionocyclus norma/is at about thesame size in the young stages below 13mm. of diameter, the histograms of measurements are fairly similar to in thetwo species. and are yariable by size inthe proportion of breadth to height. widthof umbilicus and number of tubercles andflexuous ribs (Fig. 25). Beyond this size
S. nonnalis shows no significant change
in these characters, while 1?. mminws
shows a remarkable change. Namely
the percentage of umbilicus and the
proportion of breadth to height are decreased: the involution and the numberof ribs and ventro-lateral tubercles are
increased. This change in the ontogenetic development of Reesidites minimus as compared with that of Subpriono-

mm.
100
70
50

I-

40

::r: 30
1.!}

20

w
::r:
10
_j

7

0::

0

5

::r:
3
2

~-----2L---~3--i-~5~-7~~,0~-----2~0---3~0--~~50~~7~0~~,0~0~--~200

DIAMETERm m.

Text-fig. 23. Phylogenetic allometry of height to diameter: the double logarithmic
graph shows the phylogenetic allometry. in the sense of average growth in later stages.
on the basis of calculation by data of published measurements. Ontogenetic allometry,in the sense of average growth. is also indicated by data of published measurements.
Thus, in this case. the line of phylogenetic allometry corresponds with the line of ontogenetic allometry of Subprionocyclus neptuni. o: Subprionocyclus branneri (" =1.1), + :Subprionocyclus nefJ/uni (a =0.9), • : Subprionocyclus norma/is (n =1.0), o: Reesidiles
minimus (a=Ll), 0: mean dimension of each species. -:ontogenetic allometry in thesense of mean growth. - : phylogenetic allometry (a=0.9).

MW.

Allometry of HeexidUes mini'lnns

eye/us normalis, a probable ancestor. canbe regarded as a deviation.
Another significant difference between
the two species is that the lower ventre·
lateral tubercles are developed on theribs for a limited period of the middle
growth stage of S. norma/is while they
are free from the ribs at any growthstage of R. minimus. as has been described by .tviATSUr.toTO (1959, p. 121).
According to the same author in Subprionocyclus nep/uni the lower ventrolateral tubercles persist for a longer
period than in S. 11ormalis. almost as

late as the adult body whorl, although
they are weakened there. As far as the
tuberculation is concerned this serialchange is evidently a reduction.
On the other hand, it cannot be overlooked that the numerous. flexuous ribs.
\vith branching from the umbilical bullae
and also some intercalation. and ventro·
lateral and ventral clavi on the ribs.
without inner ventro-lateral tubercles,
are seen on the inner young whorls of
S. nepluni and S. norma/is. These ornaments are fixed in Neesidites minimus.
characterizing not the inner whorls (ex-

m m.
50

30

:::c

20

10
<{

w

a::
CD

I

10

7

5

.J

a::
0

3

:::c

5:

2

2

200

3

DIAMETERm m.

Text-fig. 24. Phylogenetic allometry of b,·eadth to diameter: the double logarithmic
graph shows the phylogenetic allometry. in the sense of aYerage growth in later stages.
on the basis of calculation by data of published measurements. Ontogenetic allometry.
in the sense of average growth. is also indicated by data of published measurements.
Thus, in this case, the line of phylogenetic allometry corresponds with the line of ontogenetic allometry of Subprionocyclus neptuni. The size histogram of Reesidites minimus,
dealt with in this paper, is also shown. o: Subprionocyclus branneri ("=1.0). +: Subprionocyclus neptuni (a =1.2). • : Subprionocydus norma lis (a= LO). o: Reesidites minimus(" =0.9).
mean dimension of each species. - : ontogenetic allometry in the sense ofmean growth,-: phylogenetic allometry (a=l.2). Jl: size histogram of Reesidites minimus.

0:

60

1/cuu:o OBATA

cept for the smoothish innermost part)but also the adult. outer whorl. Granted
that S. neptuni. S. nonnalis and R. minimus evolved from one to another. as
shown by their successively ascending
stratigraphic occurrence. this Reesidites
type ornaments can be said to havecaenogenetically developed. This corresponds to proterogenesis of Scm.:-;oEWOLF(1925. 1936).
:lcknowledgemenls. I wish to record
here my cordial thanks to Professor Tatsuro MATSU!\IOTO. who has suggested
this study, generously offered all the
specimens of his valuable collection at
my disposal. freely given me a stratigraphic information. shared precious timewith me in fruitful discussion, and criti·
cally read the first draft. Dr. Atsuo

FUKADA and Dr. Nobukazu KANBE kind\ysent me some specimens at my disposal.
Also I desire to express my thanks to
Dr. Hiroshi OzAKI, Dr. Kametoshi KAN·
MERA, and Dr. Koji FUJII for their kind
help in various ways. Miss ~1isako Kmo
has assisted in the preparation of themanuscript. Mr. Koichi TOISHI photographed the specimens. I am indebted
to the Ministry of Education for the
Grant in Aid for Scientific Researches
which made this study possible.
Refert>nces
Eliane (19•17) : Les Peuplements
Malgache de Barroisiceras-Re\'ision dugenre Barroisiceras de Gross.-Palcontologie de Madagascar. Ann. Paliont., 33.

BAssE.

Explanation of Plate 'lReesidites minimus (H.\YASAKA and FLTKADA)(All figures of natural size)
All the figured specimens were collected br T. MATSl!:I.IOTO and N. KAr-.:nF. in 1951 fromthe prolific horizon just below the second green sandstone in the lower part of the Upper
Yezo Group. lkushumbets Valley, Sorachi-gun in Hokkaido. Two lateral (a. c). frontal (b)and ventral (d) views are shown on each specimen. except otherwise stated.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

1. GK. H-1029 from loc. Ik9.J6.
2. GK. H4026 from loc. lk946.
3. GK. H4032 from foe. lk946.
•1. GK. II4037 from loc. Ik946.
5. GK. H4048 from loc. lk938.
6. GK. IH034 from Joe. lk946.
7. GK. H4088 from loc. Ik946.
B. GK. H4025 from loc. Ik946.
Two lateral (a. b) and \'entral (d) \'iews. and cross-section (b).
Fig. 9. GK. H4068 from Joe. Ik946.
Two lateral (a. c) and ventral (d) \'iews. and cross-section (b).
Fig. 10. GK. H4035 from loc. lk9•16.
Fig. 11. GK. I-14036 from loc. lk946.
Two lateral (a, c) and \'entral (d) \·iews. and cross-section (b).
Fig. 12. GK. ll4030 from loc. Ik946.
Fig. 13. GK. H·I02-1 from loc. Ik946.
Photos by Koichi ToJSIJI. without whitening

OBATA :Allometry of Reesidites minimus
Plate 4

la

lb

lc

4a

3a

3c

4b

4c

3d

6a

Sa

5b

6c

Sc

Ba

Be

Bd

7a

9a

lOa

l Ob

9b

9c

9d

l Oc
ll a

12a
13:.(

llb

llc

ll d

1,: ~ ONT?GENETtc

0

8

( 7)

CoMPARISON

1--~- ~'"-;

40.0

7

---;:;-- "Wl-r-__JJJ':tf.:;:),__

----I

(5)

5

60 r----(4)
301--

4

1~
. . ·.·.··. ·. . . . .

t

_,.,_

~

~

~
.
:

1

~
. 2 :' ........

Vl--1---~----:::!---+-~ ____n..r-m,_

+f

o

I

Jl

.•.. •·•·

i.... .

6

~

·A'
.•
.

h

(6)

]3.0

~F ~~SOME CHARACTERS ~ET~E_EN Two SPECIES

.

~

I

~

I

',

Oo

0'>

it
0

::l

J'[;':t,_t:' .... ·.

.j,...

"",...
~<oW__r-"--L_

.c
-,

,
0

5

10 15 20 25

IS 20 25 30 35 40 45

~
~

(3)

I

3

1.5 ~----~I

~

~

I

~

1
_n_

I

...J

2
(2)

L

"'
1t
.....
,....

R. minimus

t--

.,..,

S. norma list------~-------------4------------r------------1-1

"'

;::;
.,..,
...,

1;.

_1""'1_.

~

~-

"'
20

30

40

50

o.s 1.0

15

B /

H

2.0 I V5

Y4

V3

Yz
UMBI Ll CAL

DIA).jSTAGEjWHORLI UMBILICUS(%)( m m.

lNVO LUTIQN

I VENTROLATERALTUBERCLE

Text-fig. 25. Ontogenetic comparison of some characters between Reesidites minimus and Subprionocyclus norma/is
at about the same size in the middle and later stage. The histograms of measurements are shown in the width ofumbilicus. proportion of breadth to height, and number of tubercles and flexuous ribs. Beyond 13 mm. in diameter
S. norma/is shows no significant chnnge in these chnrncters, while R. minimus shows :1 remarkable change.

~.......

62

Ikuwo OB.-!TA

101-l~lO, pis. 7 [1]-15 [9].
GRAY. S. W. (19•16): Relative growth in aphylogenetic series and in an ontogenetic series of one of its members. A mer.
jour. Sci., 2.J4. (1 1), 792-807.
G1wssouvR E. A. de (189-!) : Recherches sur
Ia Craie Supcrieure II Pah!ontologie. Les
Ammonites de Ia Craie Superieurc. Mem.
Carte geol. del. France (1893), 264pp., 39
pis.
HAYASAK,\. lchiro and :\tsuo. Ft:KADA (1951) :On the ontogeny of Barroisiceras mini·mum YAIIE from the Upper Ammonite
Bed in llokkaido. jour. Fac. Sci., Hok·kaido Uni11 .. [·1]. 7, (4). 324-330. pis. 1-2.
:HERSH. A. II. (193·1): Evolutionary relative
growth in the Titanotheres. A mer. N a.,
68, (71Y), 537-561.
HliXLEY, ]. (1932):
Problems in Relative
Growth, 276pp. Methuen.
JoYsEY, 1\. A. (1956) : The Nomenclature
and Comparison of Fossil Communities.
In The Species Concept in Palaeontology,

83-94. Systematic Association Pub!. No.
2. London.
LULL. R. S. and S. W. GilAY (Hll9): Growth
patterns in the Ceratopsia. Amer. jour.
Sci., 247. (7), 492-503.
Lt:l\IER, H. (19·10) : Evolutionary allometry
in the skeleton of the domestic dog.
Amer. Nat .. 74, (75·1), 439-469.
:\IATSDIOTo. Tatsuro (19·12-•13):
Fundamentals in the Cretaceous stratigraphyof Japan. Part l. .\/em. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Imp. Univ .. [DJ, 1. (3). 129-280. pis.
5-20 (19-12) ; Part II. Ibid., 2. ( /). 97-237(1943).
- - (1953): The ontogeny of Metaplacenticeras subti/istriatum (JI:<.IBO). jap. jour.
Geol. & Geogr. 23, 139-150, pl. 13.
- - (1959a) : Zonation of the Upper Cretaceous in Japan. ,\lem. Fac. SCI .. Kyushu
Univ .. [D]. 9, (2). :JS-9:~. pis. 6-ll.
- - (1959b, 1960) : Upper Cretaceous Ammonites of California. Mem. Fa c. Sci ..
Kyuslw Univ., [D]. Part II. Special l'ol.,

Explanation of Plate 5
Reesidites minimus (IIAYASAKA and FUI\ADA)(All figures of natural size)
The figured specimens, except for the holotype and GK. H-!089, were collected by T.
and N. KA~IlE in 1951 from the prolific horizon just below the second green
sandstone in the lower part of the Upper Yezo Group, lkushumbets Valley, Sorachi-gun in
Hokkaido.
~lATStJ;>.IOTO

Fig. 1. GK. 11·10·19 from loc. lk938.
Two lateral (a. c) and Yentral (d) views, and cross.section (b).
Fig. 2. GK. 11·1027 from toe. Ik9.t6.
Two lateral (a, b), frontal (b) and Yentral (d) views.
Fig. 3. GK. 11·1089 from lac. lk2013b, the Ponbets Valley. Frontal (a) and lateral (b) Yiews(CoiL T. MATsntoTo) (reproduced from M .... Tsu:o.toTo, 1965, pl. 15, fig. 2).
Fig. ·1. GK. IH065 from loc. lk946.
Two lateral (a, c), frontal (b) and ventral (d) views.
Fig. 5. GK. IJ.IO.I7 from loc. lk938.
Two lateral (a. c) and ventral views and cross-section (d).
Fig. 6. Ilolotype from loc. lkll03, lkushumbets, Ilokkaido University Collection. Lateral (a).
frontal (b) and ventral (c) views (reproduced from MATSU~IOTO, 1965, pl. 14, fig. 1).
Photos by Koichi ToiSHI (except for lig. 6) , without. whitening

OBATA :Allometry of Reesidites minin~us

Plate 5

2a

la

lb

2b

2c

48fJ.

1. 1-172. pis. 1-·U. (1959b); Part III. Ibid ..
Special. Vol., 2. l-20·1. pis. 1-2 (1960).
- - (1965) : t\ ?\Ionograph of the Collignoniceratidae from Hokkaido. Part I. Mem.
Fac. Sci., Kyushu Uni11 .. [D]. 16. (1). 180. pls. 1-18.
- - [Editor] (Cretaceous Rcscan.:h Com·mittee) (195-1) : The Cretaceous Systemin the japanese Islands. xiv+32-lp.,
Japan Soc. Prom. Sci. I~es., Tokyo (for1953). .
NEWELL, N.D. (19-18): Phyletic size increase, an important trend illustrated
by fossil invertebrate. Et·olution. 3. (2).
10:3-12<1.
- - (1956) : Fo:;sil populations. In The
species Concept in Palaeontology. 63-82.
Systematic Association Pub!. ;..[o. 2,
London.
OoAT"'· Ikuwo (1959) : Croissance relative
sur quelques Especes des Desmoceratidae.
Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Unit·., [0], 9.
(1). :n-45. pis. 1-5.
- - (lH60) : Spirale de quelques Ammonite;;.
Mem. Fac. Sci .. Kyushu Univ .. [D]. 9,(3). 151-163, pl. 15.
- - (1964) : 2\otes on ontogeny of Reesidites minimus. Kaseki [Fossils]. (8).
94-102 [in Japanese] (published by the
Palaeont. Soc. Japan).
PARI\1:-<so:-r. D. (1960): Differential Growthin Carboniferous Brachiopoda. Proc. Ceo/.
Assoc. 71. (4). 402-128.
REESIDE. ]. B .. Jr. (1932) : The Upper Cretaceous Ammonite genus Barroisiceras

Abeshinai
Ikushu m bets
Ponbets
Sorachi-gun

63

Allometry of Reesidites minimus'ii. 'fl.t\:JAJ
tr: }jlj

~

#F

}JIJ

~

'iiu rn;in the United States. U.S. Ceo[. Sun·ey,Prof. Paper. 1708, 9-29. pis. 3-10.
REEVE. E. C. R. and P. D. F. MURRAY (19·12) :Evolution in the horse's skull. l'l'ature.
150. (3805), 402-·103.
Rooo, R. C. (1935) : A study of mutationin evolution. I. Evolution in the equinskull. Genetic.~. 31, (1), 39~16; II. Ontogeny in the equin skull. Ibid .. 47-52.
Sci!I:"DEWOLF. 0. H. (1925): Entwulf einer
Systernatik der Perisphincten. N . .f. Min.
usu·. Beil. Bd., 52. B. ~09-:343.
- - (19:36) : Paliiontologie. Entu·icklungs/ehre und Genelik.
J08pp.. Gebri.ider
Borntraeger. Berlin.
WESTOI.I., T. S. (1950):
Some aspects ofgrowth studies in fo~sils. P1·oc. Roy.
Soc .. London. B. 137. 509-515.
\VR!GIIT. C. \V. and Tatsuro. J\IL\Tst::-.IoTo(195-1) : Some doubtful Cretaceous ammonite genera from japan and Saghalien.
Mem. Fac. Sl'i., J(yusl!u Uniu., [D]. 4,(2), 107-13-t. pis. 7-8.
YAOE, Hisakatsu (1909): Zur Stratigraphie
und Paleontologic der oberen Kreide von
Hokkaido und Sachalin. Zeitschr. deutsch.
geol. Ces., 61, 402-4H.
- - (1927) : Cretaceous Stratigraphy of theJapanese Islands. Sci. RefJ. Tohoku imp.
Unit•., [2]. 11. 27-100, pis. 3-9.
YAU£, Hisakatsu and Saburo SHIMIZU (1925) :Japanese Cretaceous Ammonites belong.
ing to Prionutropidae. I. ibid .. [2], 7.
125-138. pis. 30-33.

Ban-no-saw a
Katsurazawa
Saku

3\l£ /

if~

f1

iR

(I.r.

(A

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. japan. N. S .. No. !iS, pp. 6-1-66, June 30. 1965-!81.

NEW SPECIES OF SALENIA FROM THE MIOCENE OF JAPA~(ON SOME FOSSIL ECHINOIDS OF JAPAN. IV)
AKIRA tv10RISHITA
Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science. Nagoya Unh·ersitr

mooni FoURTAUj up to the Miocene. The
occurrence of Salenia from the japaneselVliocene, is therefore very precious.
All specimens in this paper had beencollected by ]. ITOIGAWA and I. KIJ\HIRAin their field surveys, respectively. The
author wishes to acknowledge his indebtedness to Dr. junji ITOIGAWA of theInstitute of Earth Sciences. Faculty of
Science, Nagoya University. and 1\lr.
lchirf, Kt~WRA of the Institute of Geology, Aichi Gakugei University for theirkind presentations of the valuable specimens to the author for study. and toProfessor Heiichi T AKEHARA of the Institute of Earth Sciences. Faculty of Science, Nagoya University for his incessantencouragement.

Introduction and Acknowledgements
A ne\v species of the genus Salenia
from the Akiyo formation (1vliddlc l\lio·eeoc) exposed in the Toki City. Gifu
Prefecture, japan, is described. This is
the second record of the genus Salenia
as fossil in japan, although it is known
from the Cretaceous to the Recent in thevarious areas of the world.
Among the fossil echinoids, the l{cgularia are far less occurrences. comparedwith the lrregularia. as they are generally
difficult to preserve. mainly for theirfragile test. Some species of Irregubria
in the Tertiary system of Mizunami had
been described by the author several
years ago. At the same time he had
known the occurrences of some fragmentsof Regularia from the Mizunami group.
and afterwards he could obtain several
specimens of them, being comparatively
well preserved. They helong to the genu.s
Sa/enia, the family Salcniidae. the order
Stirodonta.
According to Th. MORTE:\SEN, there
are about 75 species of Salenia, mainly
from· the Cretaceous system in the world,but only 6 species of them left up to the
Eocene epoch and only 1 species (Salenia

Description of Species

Order Stiroclonta ]ACKso:-.:Family Saleniidae L. AGASSIZGenus Sa tenia GRAY

Sale11ia nipponica MoRISHITA sp. nov.
Figs. I 4

Description:-The test is rather smallin size and hemispherical in shape. The
apical system is raised distinctly. The• Received Dec. I, 1964: read Sept. 29. 1962
at Tokyo.

!i-1

4S7.
or,-rver -'New Species of Salenia .ftom. the Miocene of Japan
gp-II/-~,~~®.~~~--

gp-V,.

1

-- --

•

P

/.

.......

\\

I' '....._
op-I

gpo

Text.frg. 1.

Apical System of Salenia.

op: ocular plate. gp: genital plate.
gpo: genital pore. sp: suranal plate.
p: periproct.

five genital pores are situated at thecentre of each genital plate. respectiYely.
The ocular plates exsert and the madre·

porite is in the genital plate II that ismore or less sunken.
The periproct on a small conical ele·vation, is eccentric. pushed out to theright. toward the ocular plate I, among
the suranal plate, the genital plate I andV.
The ambulacra are narrow and straight,
showing the largest width in the middleof the column. The primary tuberclesof two rows are not crenulate and smaller
than the interambulacral ones.
The interambulacra are wide. The pri·mary tubercles are crenulate and larger
than the ambulacral ones, but the secondary tubercles are small.

2

Frgs. 1-4. Salenia nipponica MoRISHITA sp. nov.
Fig. 1. Holorype. l\o. ESJ\30008. Aboral side. ( x2.7)
Fig. 2. !Iolotype. No. ESN30008. Oral side. ( x 2.7)
Fig. 3. Paratype. No. ESN30009, Aboral side. (x2.7)
Fig. ·I Para type. No. ES!\'30009. Oral side. ( x 2.7)

.:!kim .llOR!SliJTA()(:i

JHeasurements :Test
Holotype
Para type

Diameter
13. 0 mm13.5 mm

Apical system
Diameter
6.2mm
8.0 mmHeight
5.lmm
7. 0 mm

Remarks :-This species differs from
Salenia pacifica 00DERLEI1' of japanese

Gifu Prefecture.

Recent species in its smaller test, andfrom Salenia lzokkaidoensis LOJ{!OL ofjapanese Pliocene species in its scanty
ambulacral pores. and more sphericaland smaller test.
Again, an American fossil species,
Salenia texana CREDNER, differs fromthis species in larger test. larger andsubcircular apical system. numbers ofmammillated granules (24-26 in eachrow). and narrower. flexuous poriferous
zone. Other American fossil species.
Salenia tumidula CLARK, differs fromthis species in following points; namely
test is subglobose. oral side is fiat. peri·
proct is oval. slightly pointed below, andnumbers of mammillated granules are 15
or 16 in each row.
This species is rather allied to another American fossil species, Sale11ia
bellula CLARK than the above two species, but S. bel!ula differs from this spe·
cies in larger apical system, indistinct
crenulated interambulacral tubercles andsmall test. And a new species must be
proposed, judging from rhe rare ~liocene
species of Salenia.
Geological Horizon:- The lower partof Akiyo formation (!\Iiddle ?vliocene).
Locality :-Kujiri, lzumi-cho, Toki City,

Holotype : ESN30008.
Paratype: ESN30009.
Deposited in the Institute of Earth Sciences, Nagoya university.

Izumi-choCollectors:-]. ITO!GAWA and I. Kil\IURA.

References
CLARK, W. B. and TwiTCHELL (1915) : The
Mesozoic and Cenozoic Echinodermata of
the United Stales. Monogr., U.S. Geol.
Survey. 54. pp. 49-51.
CooKE. C. W. (1946) : Comanche Echinoids.
jour. Paleont .. 20(3), pp. 202-204.
DAVIES, A.M. (1935): Tertiary Fauna. p. 9.
ITOICA\\'.\, J. (1960): Paleoecological Studiesof the Miocene ~lizunami Group. Central
Japan. jour. Earth Sciences, Nagoya Uni·
uersity, 8(2). pp. 246-263.
MoRISHITA. A. (1960):
BiostratigraphicalSrudies of Japanese Tertiary Echinoids.
Ibid., 8(1). p. 5·1.
MoRTE?'SEN, Th. (1935) : A :Vlonograph of
the Echinoidea,
II Bothriocidaroida,).lelonechinoida, Lepidocentroida, Stirodon ta, pp. 367-380.
ToKU>IAGA, S. (YosHIWARA. S. 1898): Pre·liminary Notice oi New Japanese Echi·
noids. Anno/. Zoo/. japan, 2, p. 61.
- - (1903) : On Some Fossil Echinoids ofJapan. jour. Colt. Sci., Imp. Vnil·. Tokyo,
17. p. 4.

KujiriTrans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, 1\. S .. l\o. 58. pp. 67-73, pl. 6, June 30, 1965

488.

SOME MARI.l\E MOLLUSCA FROM THE ALLUVIAL DEPOSITSOF YAl\IASHITA-CHO. WATARI-GUN. MIYAGI PREFECTURE
KOTARO

HASE'1'1~!!,~ kBJUm II rt-"Pifi<fli'Jt~Jlitfijli€ft.:fi : ·:~;.lii(JJ;l.IT.lm$ :;i..:'Jl.irf.!;.:?M'rt 0. ·a~!!rl:ll!it!t

3Jl!l!ftOiNt~m~ -G. fxf<~>:lflfJi!ey~=F c-t 0 ftrrt 21 fil\10if!Jr.J.Ht.11~tlm L . ..:c.ttG (i')~t~ tm't
~1/!11c.[)!J-t 7.> ;~'J!tlc.~t ·-c · ft.:tlllU!tOt'!f!l..!:: >lJ~IOJiH~-!l'il!Jl: c >a:?t~ Lt.:..

:fi: 1'i- •}L 'A J.'!G

trix meretrix (LI:'\NE), PafJhia (Ruditapes)
Plzi!ippinarum ADAlllS et REEVE. Ostrea(Crassoslrea) gigas THUNBERG, Tel/ina(.\lcrisca) diaphana DESHAYES. Navicula.
Pinnularia and Linthia from his lwakiri
Formation of the Nigatake Group. The
formation is said to measure about 10-60
meters in thickness and to have wide
distribution at the depth of about 10-20
meters below the ground surface. Since
then there has been no record of the occurrence of marine shells from the allu·
Yial deposits of the lVliyagino coastal
plain. The present report is the second
record of marine shells from the allvuial
deposits of the !'viiyagino plain.
The marine shells listed in the present
article are thought to correspond in horizon to the Iwakiri Formation and to another facies of the marine fauna reported
by OKUTSU (1960), differing therefrom
only in ecological features. such as depth
and local oceanographical conditions asmentioned later.
The present shells mav be named the
Yamashita molluscan ra'una because it
differs in composition from the one re·ported by OKUTSU (1960) in several important features such as in the greatabundancy of Spisula sachalineusis (SCHREXCK) and Saxidomus purpura/us (SOW·Introduction and Acknowledgements

The marine shell-bearing molluscs andother marine organisms listed in the present article were collected from the sidewall of an irrigation canal at about threekilometers northeast of Yamashita-cho
and nearly about one kilometer east of
the highway north of the same town in
Watari-gun. Miyagi Prefecture.
The ditch or irrigation w3ll measuresabout three meters in height or in depth
from the land surface and consists largelyof medium grained sand with a nearlv 80
centimeters thick peat bed in the upper
part, an alternation of clay and sandlayers in the lower. and sand with sporadic distribution of granules in the main
middle part. which yielded the marine
shells and other organisms. The medium
grained sands of the shell-beds and theexposed whole sequence totals about 20
meters in thickness and covers with unconformity the Sendai Group of Pliocene
age (HANZA W A et a/., 1953).
The discovery of marine shells fromthe alluvial deposits was first made known
by OKUTSu (1960). who recorded Mere·* Received Dec. 3, 196<1: read '-;ov. 2-1. 1964
at Sapporo.

67

Kota1·o HASE

-68

ERBY}, both of which are not found in
the fauna reported by OKUTSU. Anotherimportant feature is that the species
comprising the Yamashita fauna repre·
sent an ecological facies different fromthe one of the Iwakiri Formation of
0KUTSU.
Here the writer expresses his hearty
thanks to Professor Kotora I IATAI of theInstitute of Geology and l'alcontology,
Tohoku University, for his kind sugges·
tions and to Dr. Shozo HAY ASAKA of thesame institute for his assistance with themarine fauna.

Remarks on the Yamashita.:\lolluscan Fauna

The Yamashita molluscan fauna wascollected from the alluvial deposits of
the Jvliyagino coastal plain (NAKAGAWA.
1961), which represents the postglacial
marine transgression and subrecent rna·rine regression discussed in detail by
NAKAGAWA (1961).
Comparing the Yamashita fauna withthe one from the Iwakiri Formation al·
ready mentioned. it is noteworthy that
only Ostrea gigas THU:\BERG is mutual.
all others being quite different. This
sho\vs that the conditions prevailing at
the sites of their deposition must havebeen different. From the stales of pre·servations of the molluscan shells fromthe two places (lwakiri and Yamashita),
it is evident that the ones from the lwa·
kiri Formation are rather well preserved
and show little evidence of having beentransported to their site of deposition orburial. However, the ones from Yama·shita are mostly badly worn and com·prise species which could not have lived
in the environment indicated by themedium grained sands from where they
were collected. In other words the ma·

jority were drifted to their place ofburial. From this evidence it is suggested
that the paleo·oceanographical conditions
must have been considerably different.
The locality of Yamashita was swept
with longshore currents whereas the siteof Iw~kiri was probably in an embay·
ment.
Taking the fauna of each locality into
consideration it seems that the localityof Yamashita was originally deeper thanthat of Iwakiri, and swept by stronger
currents. However, the climatologicalconditions arc thought to have been
similar, that is to say. both were under
the influence of a temperature \varmer
than at the present at the same latitude .

List of the )Iarine Fauna
Anomia chinensis Pti!LIPPI (IGPS coli. cat.
no. 86300)
A single very well preserved upper
valve. It is of medium size for the
species and measures about 31 mm inlength. It retains the original coloration,
but also shows some evidence of having
been transported from some possibly
nearby place.
Chlamvs nipponensis KURODA (lGPS coli.
cat. no. 86301. Pl. 6, figs. 3a. b)
A single left valve of this swimming
form is in the collection. It measures
10 mm in width and about 48 mm inlength from dorsal to ventral margins.
It is worn, faded and partly broken at
the ears. This specimen shows evidenceof having been transported or at leasteroded by subaqueous agencies.
Clinocardium calijorniense (DESHA YES)(IGPS coli. cat. no. 86302)
Two badly broken Yalves are in thecollection. The smaller one measures 20
mm in length from anterior to posterior

488.

.llari1w Mollusca from the Allnvial Deposits

sides and the larger about 28 mm for thesame length. The valves are faded.
worn and fractured besides being broken.
Felanie/la usia (GoULD) OGPS coli. cat.
no. 86303. Pl. 6. figs. ·la. b)
A single valve mcnsuring about 23 rnm
in length from anterior to posterior sides.
It is somewhat worn, faded yet rather
well preserved.
G/ycymeris restita (Du:-;KER) (lGPS coli.
cat. no. 86304. Pl. 6, figs. 2a, b)
Four well preserved valves of different
sizes are in the collection. All are worn
more or less. but one retains faint indications of the original color patterns.
The smallest specimen measures 25 111111
in length from anterior to posterior margins and the largest about 60 111111 inlength. It is interesting that this warm
water species is found far north of its
present area of distribution, showingthat the conditions at the time of its
flourishing may have been different fromthat of the present.
Glycymeris yessoensis (SowEJ.-mY) (IG PS
coli. cat. no. 86305)
Sixty-three isolated valves are in thecollection; they comprise very small tofull adult specimens. The size ranges
from 1;) to 50 mm in length from anterior
to posterior margins. All arc more orless worn. the valves faded, some arebroken, a few bored by carnivorous gastropods, and many are penetrated variously by boring organisms (some probably due to marine annelids).
Gomphina melanaegis tROi\IER) (IGPS coli.
cat. no. 86306)
Only two valves of this species arc in
the collection, of which the smaller me:lsures 16 mm in length from anterior toposterior margin and the larger about
47 mm for the same. These val\·es areworn. faded and the larger one is partly
broken.
Heteromacoma irus (HANLEY) (IGPS coli.
cat. no. 86307. Pl. 6. figs. Sa, bt
Two valves are in the collection. The
smaller measures 20 mm in length fromanterior to posterior margin and thelarger about 28 m111 for the same. The
valves are worn, faded and the smaller
somewhat fractured.
Mercenaria stimpsoni (Goutn) (IGPS coli.
cat. no. 86307)
A single badly broken specimen of
this well known species is in the collection. The right valve is worn. faded
and only the dorsal half of the specimen
is preserved. This is a species typicalof northern japan.
Macoma loltyoen:;is \L\KIYAr.tA (IGPS coli.
cat. no. 86309)
A single right valve measuring 40 mm
in length is in the collection. The specimen is partly broken. faded and \vorn.
Ostrea denselamel/osa LtSCHKE (JGPS coli.
cat. no. 86310)
One upper ,-alve measuring 50 mm inlength from anterior ro posterior margin
and about 7-l mm from dors:1l to ventral
borders. It is partly broken. worn. yetretains the original coloration.
Ostrea gigas THU~BERG (IGPS coli. cat.
no. 86311)
Four broken upper valves. particularlyof the umbonal area are in the collection.
They are badly broken. much worn andfaded. One specimen has the shell withmany small holes made by some boringorganism.
Petricola di1•ergens lG'.IELlN) llGPS coiLcat. no. 86312. Pl. 6. figs. Ia. b)
A single more or less well preserved
specimen of this species is in the collection. It is more or less faded and some-

70l\ot.a1·o H:tSI~

what \Vorn, however the concentric growthlines are rather well preserved in part.

species is a characteristic one in northern
japan.

Phlycliderma japonica (PlLSllRY) ([GJ'S
coli. cat. no. 86313. Pl. 6, figs. 6a. b'1
A single valve measuring l.t mm inlength from anterior to posterior margins is in the collection. It is rather
well prescreved but shows faint indi·
cations of wear and the shell is faded.

Spondvlus cruen/us LtSCHKE (IGPS coli.
cat. no. 86317. Pl. 6, figs. 7a. b)
A single upper valve measuring 37 mmfrom dorsal to ventral margins and 46
111111 in length from anterior to posteriorborders is in the collection. It is wornand somewhat faded.

Protothaca eug!ypta (SOWERHY) (lGPS coli.
cat. no. 8631-t)
Two broken specimens. one of the posterior half of the shell and the other ofthe upper (dorsal) half. arc in the collection. They belong to different individuals. They are worn and faded.

Acmaea pa!fida (GOULD) (IGPS calL cat.
no. 86318. Pl. 6, figs. 8a, b)
A single specimen. broken at apex andslightly worn as well as faded is in thecollection.

Saxidomus purpuratus (SOWERBY) (IGPS
coli. cat. no. 863151
Thirty-nine isolated valves measuring
up to Rl mm in length from anterior toposterior margins are in the collection.
Mostly are badly worn, many broken. all
faded but still retain the purple coloration of the inner side of the valve. l\lanyof the broken valves are penetrated withholes of boring organisms. Some arc
more or less longer than others. This
species is sometimes found as a boringshell in siltstone, in which case the shellappears more stunted than in those burrowing into the unconsolidated sedimentsof the sea bottom.
Spisula sachalinensis (SCllRF.l'\CK) (lc;pscoli. cat. no. 86316. Pl. 6, fig. 9)
Sixteen valves including the broken
ones are on the collection: they measure
up to 113 mm in length from anterior toposterior margins. The majority of thespecimens are faded. worn and broken
in part. None retain the original coloration. Forms similar to what YoKOYA:>.tA(1922} recorded as var. imperialis arerather common in the collection. This

Nep/unea ar/hritica (BERNARDI) (IGPS
coli. cat. no. 86319)
Qne broken, badly worn and faded
lower part of the body whorl is in thecollection. The canal, although muchworn, still shows the characteristic features of the species.
Nererita didyma (Rootr-;G) (IGPS coli. cat.
no. 86320. Pl. 6. fig. 10)
Two specimens; both are adults andwell developed. They are both faded,worn and the outer lip is more or Jessbroken. This species commonly lives on
sandy bottoms at shallow depths.
Poly/ropa heyseana (DUNKER) (IGPS coli.
cat. no. 86321. Pl. 6, figs. 12a, b)
Two specimens, both broken. faded
and worn are in the collection. This
species is commonly found living on
rocky areas.
Purpura bronni (DUNKEl~) (IGPS coli. cat.
no. 86322)
One badly broken specimen is in thecollection. It is represented only by apart of the outer whorl which is com·pletely faded. This is also a species
found commonly in rocky areas.
Terebra bifrons

HINDS(IGPS coli. cat.

.488.

Marine Mollusca, from the Alluvial [)eposits

no. 86323. Pl. 6. fig. 11)
A single rather well preserved specimen is in the collection. It is faded,slightly worn and the outer lip as well
as apical regions are broken.
Strongylocentrotus (?) sp. indet.

A fragment of the test of an echinoid
probably of Strongylocentrotus is in thecollection. The test Is badly faded andworn.
Lithothamnium (?) sp. indet.
A single specimen. worn. small andprobably only a part of a much larger
individual is in the collection.
Annelida gen. sp. indet.
A single calcareous worm tube is in
the collection. It is broken at ends but
not faded nor worn. This tube may
belong to Serpula vermicularis Lil'\1\AEUS,
which is said to be distributed all aroundthe japanese Islands.
The molluscan fauna and other marine
i m·ertebrates in the collection can be rearranged into the undermentioned fivegroups.
Rock dweller (attached forms)
Anomia chinensis PHII.IPPI
Ostrea denselamelfosa LISCHKF.
Ostrea gigas Tm,;l\BHG
Spondylus cruentus LISCHKE
Lithothamnium (?) sp. indct.

Rock dwellers (living on surface):lcmaea pal/ida (GOULD);\'eptunea arthritica (BERl\ARDI)
Polytropa heyseana (DU:-.IKER)
Purpura bromzi (DL'l\KER)

Sand or silt dweller (burrowing forms)
Clinocardium californiense (DESHA YES)
Felanie/la usta (GOULD)
Clycymeris res/ita {Du:-.:KER)
Glycymeris yessoensis (SOWERBY)
Gomphina melanaegis Rb~IER

71

Heteromacoma i rus (II A r\LEY)
A/acoma tokyoensis t\1AKIYA:\IA
Alercenaria stimpsoni (GCllli.D)/'efrico/a dil'l'TJtt?IIS (Gl\IELI !'\)
l'hlyctiderma japonica (PILSBRY)
Protothaca eug!ypta (SOWERBY)
Saxidomus purpumtus (SOWERBY',
Spisula saclwlinensis (SCHI~ENCK)

Sand or silt bottom dwellers (on surface)
Naerita didyma (RODI:'\G)
Terebra bifrons HI"DS

Swimming form (attached only in immature stage)
Chlamys nipponensis Ktr!WDA

Among the forms listed above according to environment. the species which
probably lived at the site of burial are.
G/ycymeri.~ yessoensis. Spisula sachalinensis and Saxidomus purpura/us. These

three species are characterized by their
thick and large shells. abundancy. andin that they live buried shallowly insand or silty bottoms. The other mentioned species which burrow shallowly
into sandy or silty bottoms are represented in the r:tuna by only one to afew specimens. all of which are badly
broken. much worn or nearly completely
faded. This suggests that they musthave been subjected to transportation
because if they lived in the area of theirsite of burial. they should be more abundant individually. show less amount ofwear and probably not occur with randomorientation.
The species which are thought to have
lived at or near the site of burial aresuch as Nel·erita didyma and Terebra
bijrons. These species live generally insandy areas where they sometimes halfburry their shells. move slowly on thesurface, and usually in environments
where the wave or water action is notstrong. Although their shells are more

72

Kotara HASE

or less worn and faded, their grade ofwear seems to be less than those listed
under the other categories.
The species listed under the first Lwo
categories are all thought to be foreign
to the site of burial and were mostprobably drifted by currents from rocky
beaches or areas of exposed rocky bottoms to be buried in a place where they
never could have lived.
The majority of the species listed under
the third category are thought to have
lived more closer to the strand than Spisula sachalinensis, Saxidomus purpura/us
and Glycymeris yessoe;zsis, I hree species
which frequently and the first of which
always flourish in depths or areas off
the shore zone and at places where bottom current is not strong. It may bementioned that Phlyctiderma japonica.
Heteromacoma iris, Petricola divergens,

Saxidomus purpura/us, and Protothaca
euglypta sometimes bore into soft rocks
as siltstone (sandy or tuffaceous).
From the foregoing remarks it may besuggested that the fauna represents athanatocoenosis and not a biocoenosis.
Particularly interesting is the occurrence of Glycymeris vestita, and Terebra
bifrons in the fauna. The former isrepresented by four isolated valves andthe latter by a single one. These areinteresting in that as Recent they arc
known to be distributed in areas southof their site of occurrence as fossil.
This points to that the temperature of
the sea water at the time of theirliving in the area of Yamashita washigher than at present. or that thenorthward flowing warm \Vater currents
may have been stronger than at present. At any rate those two species

Explanation of Plate 6(All figures in natural size unless stated otherwise)
Figs. la, b. Petricola divergens (G~IELIN). IGPS coil. cat. no. 86312. Left valve. a. outer side,b. inner side. x 1.5
Figs. 2a, b. Glycymeris rest ita (DU1'KER). IGPS coil. cat. no. 86304. Right valve. a. outer side,b. inner side.
Figs. 3a. b. Chlamys nipponensis Kt:RODh, IGPS coli. cat. no. 86301. Left valve. a. outer side,b. inner side.
Figs. ·Ia, b. Felanie/la us/a (GoL·Lu). IGPS coli. caL. no. 86303. Right valve, a. outer side, b.
inner side.
Figs. 5a, b. Hetromacoma irus (HASLEY), IGPS coli. caL. no. 86307. Right valve, a. outer side,b. inner side.
Figs. 6a. b. Phlyctiderma japonica (PILSI!RY), IGPS coli. cat. no. 86313. Left vah·e. a. outerside, b. inner side. x 1.5
Figs. 7a, b. Spondylus cruentus LISCHKr-:. IGPS coil. cat. no. 86317. Left vah·e. a. outer side.
_b. inner side.
Figs. Sa, b. Acmaea pallida (GoULD). IGPS coli. cat. no. 86318. a. apical view. b. aperturalview.
Fig. 9. Spisula sachalinensis (ScHREi"CK), IGPS coil. cat. no. 86316. x2/3
Fig. 10. Neverita didyma (Ri)DING), IGPS coli. cat. no. 86320.
Fig. 11. Terebra bifrons HINDS. IGPS coil. cat. no. 86323.
Figs. 12a, b. Polytropa heyseana (Dur"KEI~). IGPS coil. cat. no. 86321. a. lateral view. b. apertural view.

HASE :

Alluvial ma1·ine Mollt~sca front Miyagi

Plate 6

488.

Marine Mollw-;ca. from. the Allm:ial /Jeposits

point to a warm stage during the deposition of the alluvial sediments in thearea studied.
References
YA:o.tAMOTO. G. and HABE. T. (1959) : Faunaof Shell-bearing Mollusks in Mutsu Bay.
Lamellibranchiata (2). Bull. Mar. Bioi.
Stat. .4samushi. Tohoku Unir .. vo/. 9. no.
3, lJ· 85-122. pl. 6-1·1.
- - and - - (1962) : Fauna of Shell-bearing
iV!ollusks in Mutsu Hay. Scaphopoda and
Gastropoda (1). Ditto. 110/. I I. no. 1. p.
1-20, pl. l-3.
HABF.. T. (1955) : Fauna of Akkeshi Bay.
XXI. Pelecypoda and Scaphopoda. Pub/.
Aklleshi Mar. Bioi. Stat. 110. J. p. 1-31.
pl. 1--7.
- - (1955, 1958) : The Fauna of Akkeshi
Bay. XXV. Gastropoda. Ditto. no. 8. p.
1-3~1. pl. 1-5.
(1960) : Fauna of Shell-bearing :-.Iollusksof the Sea around Shirikishinai, Hokkaido.
1. Pelecypoda. Shirikishinai Mar. Stat.
Bioi. Ins/.. f/okkaido, p. 1-10. pl. 1-5.
(1961) : Fauna of Shell-bearing Mollusksof the Sea around Shirikishinai. Hokkaido.
2. Gastropoda. Ditto. p. 1-11. pl. 1-5.
IIA:-;ZA\\'A.
HAT AI, K .. I\\' AI. j .. KITAI\Itll~A.
.:\. and SIIIBATA, T. (HI53) : The Geology
of Sendai and its Environs. Sci. Rep.,
Tohoku Unir• .. Ser. 2. Geol.. vo/. 25. p.
1-50. 14 tables. 4 charts. 2 maps.
Kt.:RODA, T, and llABE. T. (1952) : Check List
and Bibliography of the Recent Marine
Mollusca of japan. p. 1-210. 1 fig.
NAt:AGAII'A. II. (1961): Pleistocene Eustasy
and Glacial Chronology along the Paciftc
Coastal Region of Japan. Cont. Ins/. Ceo/.
Pal .. Tohokrt llniv .. no. 5./, p. l-61. 3
tables. 16 figs.
No:-.n:R:\, S. (1937) : On Some Recent Venerid~Iollusca from Northeast Hon~yu, japan.
Saito 1/o-oll 1\ai Mus .. Res .. Bull., no. 13.
p. 7-10, pl. 3.

s..

-(1940) : On the Molluscan Fauna Dredged from Matusima Ba}' during Feb. 1013th. 1937 by Dr. S. YoSIII:>.IIJRA. Ditto.
110. 19. p. 1-12. 3 figs.
- - and llatai. K- (1932) : Molluscan Fauna
of Mutsu Bay. Saito /lo-on 1\ai Mus ..
1Votes, 110. 1. p. 1-13.
- - and - - (1932): l'vlolluscan Fauna of.1\'Iatsushima Bay. Di/lo. no. 2. p. 1-16.
- - and (1935) : Catalogue of the Shell·bearing Mollusca Collected from theKcsen and Motoyosi Districts. Northeast
Honsyu. Japan. Immediately after the
Sanriku Tunami, March 3, 1933. with the
Descriptions of Fi\·e New Species. Saito
l/o-o11 Kai Mus .. Res. Bull.. 110. 5, p. 147. pl. 1. 2.
- - and - - (1936) : A Note Concerning
Data on the Bathymct ric Range of Certain Marine Animals and Remarks on the
Geology of the ~eogene Formations inNortheast Honsyu. Japan and their Depth
of Sedimentation as indicated by theFossil Fauna. Ditto. no. 10, p. 231-334.
- - and - - (1937) : On the Variation of
Neptzutea arthritica BEn'>;:\llDI from~orthern and Central Honsyu. Japan.
Ditto. 110. 13. p. 1-5. pl. 1-2.
OIWTsu, 11. (1960): On the Geology and
Plant Remains of the Quaternary Deposits
DeYeloped under the Sendai Plain. Sci.

Rep .. Tohoku. Unit· .. Ser. 2. Ceo/ .. Special
Volume. no. '/. p. 448-460, 7 figs.
- - (1963) : On Some Problems of Applied
Geology of the Quaternary Lowland
Deposit:; in the Sen-en (Sendai-Shiogama)
Coastal Industrial Area.
Saito flo-on
Kai 1\Ius.. Res.. Bull. 110. 32. p. 16--50.
2 figs.
Scm::-;cK. II. G. (1945) : Geologic Applicationof Biometrical Analysis of Molluscan As·
semblages. jour. Pa/eonl .. vol. 19. no. 5.
p. 504-521. 3 figs .. pl. 66, 67.
- - and KEE:-;. M.A. (1937) : An Indexmethod for Comparing Molluscan Faunules. Proc. Amer. Phi/os. Soc. t•o/. 77, no.
2. p. 161-182. 4 figs.

---- ---- -------lwakiri
Watari-gun

Miyagino
Yamashita-cho'M'~!Ilf
11~~rNigatake

1f t'rTrans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. N. S., J\o. 58, pp. 74-81, pl. 7. June 30, 1.965

AN OCCURRENCE OF A ~EW SCUTELLUM IN THE
SILURIAN OF SHIKOKU ISLAND*·18!l.

TEIIOI! KOBAYASHI and TAKASIII HAr..IADA
University of Tokyot~

JIHI!if:;.o-,t-IJ 7*i!i€0) Swtellum mt<i\:
Scutellum fllO)llJHllll.:. -?l · -ci2~ Lt.:.

l'*ttJliO):;..-,~ 1J 7*E&KEil•t:>!*m~nt.:. t.~J').:~ t.:..

Tbysanopeltidae O);fjili!JI1!illla- ~-? ?' '"'-70)5}U\•:(:!¥J()Ll!(t;.:.-?l·'"C~~&L. :t?h-it'"C. 1lUiliill~7'?" ;t :..;*1!¥. Swte/lum? O)J@,f$.
*~'*il¥.

Octobronteus? O)~ffil~lll!ljii.:.~~Lt.:, J:~(!3fi!t. ~tJ:IlVI!!7?"* :..tThysanope/tella paucispinosa i.:.~<?'· ~!llii·.:.$;!-t 7.> ~ O)f'tO) 2 liHI O)>Jc~~~o,-J\ !* .R -· . ~ (}! l'fft 1::ftJ!i·.:oL-IJ

I.

Introduction

The Thysanopeltidae are well represented in Europe, Northern and Central
Asia, Australia and North America. but
exceedingly rare in Eastern and Southern
Asia. According to REED (1912). Bronteus
aff. tunatus BrLL!t"GS is contained in theOrdovician fauna of the Ilimalayas, but
it is so far a solitary representation inSouthern Asia and a pygidium and two
cranidia which he examined are too fragmentary to confirm their affinity to B.
/unatus, IJ. andersoni NrcHOLS0:-1 andETHERIDGE or any other species.
As noted by the senior author (1951),
Bronteus richteri SUN, 1931, from the
1\liddle Ordovician of Shihtzupu, Kweichou is founded on a pygidum which apparently agrees better with the Lichidae
than the Thysanopeltidae. It is probableto belong to Amphilichas browni (SUN)which was described from the same locality. A cranidium from the tvliddle
Ordovician of Taihungshan. Hupeh which
was called Hronteus sp. by SUN (1931) is* Received Dec. 7, l!l6~; read Jan. 2·1, 1965
at Tokyo.

on the other hand possibly combinedwith the pygidium of Tailwng.~lwnia shui
SuN from the same place. The authors
know no other trilobite of the Thysanopeltidae from China except for /Jronteus
planus which is listed together withCoronocephalus rex as a member of the
Silurian Hanchiatien fauna in the borderland between Szechuan and Kweichou(Comm. on Compl. Geol. China etc., 1956).
There is, however, Thysanope/tella paucispinosa (OKUBO), 1951. which was foundin the l'vliddle Devonian of the Kitakami
Mountains, North japan (Fig. I, Loc. 1).
Octobrontcus sp. was reported by thejunior author (IIAMADA. 1961) from the
Wenlockian G2 stage in Central Kyushu
of \Vest japan (Fig. 1. Loc. 4). Scutellum
japonicum, sp. nov. here described is,therefore, the third species in Eastern
Asia which was recently disco,·ered by
r-.Ir. ]. HA:\IADA in the Silurian limestoneof Mt. Yokokura in the Island of Shikoku, \Vest japan (Fig. I, Loc. 3).
In addition, Scutellum (?) sp. was recently found by Mr. Y. Y ASUfc in the
Devonian formation in the l!ida plateau,
Central japan (Fig. l. Loc. 2) (NoMURA,

489.

75

New Scntellzon from Shikoku.

0

Text.fig. I.

200Km.

Localities of the Thysanopeltidae in Japan.

Thysanopei/ella paucispinosa (OKL'l!O)
Coblenzian.Givetian: Nakazato Series. Ofunato. lwatc Prefecture. Kitakami
mountains. N. E. Honshu.
2: Scutellum ( ?) sp.
Coblenzian-Eifelian: Takaharagawa Series, Fukuji, Gifu Prefecture. Central
Honshu.
3: Scutellum (Subgen. nov.) japonicum KoBAYASHI & HA~IADA
Upper Wenlockian?: G, Stage? (Yokokura limestone). Yokokura-yama. K6chi
Prefecture. Shikoku, S. W. Japan.
-!: Octobron/eus sp.
Upper Wenlockian: G, Stage (calcareous ss. & sh.). Gion-yama, Miyazaki Pre·
fecture. Kyushu. S. W. Japan.
1:196~). Octobronteus (?) sp. and SLutellum(?) sp. are also briefly described on thisoccasion.
13ecause the family is known to haveflourished in Kazakhstan on one sideand in Australia on the other. it isprobable that many other species will
be discovered in future in the areas between the two sides.
Before going further. the authors record here their sincere thanks to .tvlr.
Jun'ichi HAMADA of Kagawa Prefecture.
Shikoku, and Mr. Yoshihiro Y ASUf~. B.
Sc. of Yokohama National University,
the collectors of the specimens for theirkind offer of the materials and informations on the occurrences. Our deep
thanks are due to Dr. Tokio SHTK.-\:o-IA,
Prof. of Yokohama National University
for his kind permission of the study on
the fossil in his institute collection.

II.

Notes on the Thysanopeltidae

Family Thysanopeltidae HAWLE
and CoRDA, 1847
(i.e. Brontcidae Ai:\GELJN, 1854; Goldiidae RAnJO:-.<D. 1913; Eobronteidae SINCLAIR, 1919; Scutelluidae R. and E.
RICHTER. 1955J
This family was repeatedly discussed
by many palaeontologists. (See REED.
1928: RICHTERS, 1956, etc.). In Treatiseon Invertebrate Paleontology RICHTERS(1959) classified the family into 4 genera
and 6 subgenera as follows:
Swte/lull! Pl;scH. 1833
(Scutellum) s. str.
(Kolihapel/is) PRA:-<TL and PRilJYL. 19H(Paralejurus) H.\\VLE and CORDA, 1847
(Planiscule/lum) R. and E. RICHTER. 1956

7()

Tei-ic!!l: KOKU.ASIJI and Takashi HAMADA.

R. and E. RICIITEH.
1956( Thysanope/1 is) IIA \1. LE and Col~ DA. 1847
Eobronteus REED. 1928
IVeberopellis MAKSI~IOL\. 1957
Oclobronleus WEOEH. 1945
(Scabriscutel/um)

MAKSL\IOVA·s classification (1960) dif·fers from the preceding in (1) that thesesubgenera are all promoted to the genericrank, and (2) that the following two
genera are referred to this family.
Bronteopsis NICJJOLso:--; and ETJJERJDGr..
1879
Dulanaspis TcJJFGAE\'A, 1956

Because Hronteopsis looks intermediatein character between the Styginidae andThysanopeltidae. its taxonomic position
has been a moot question (WHITTI!\GTON,
1950) SKJESETI! (1955) stales, however,that "the unity among the styginids is
too clear to include the genus lJronteopsis
in the family Scutellidae ". Treatise on
Invertebrate Paleontology regards it as
a distinct genus of the Styginidae. Dula·naspis is an aberrant genus not only for
the Thysanopeltidae but also for thesuperfamily Illaenacea. Another aberrant
genus is Craigheadia which was proposedby HuPf: for Bronteus craigensis REED.
1904, having an extraordinarily large
axial lobe for either Bronteus or Lobronteus.
In 1960 SNADJR proposed a new classi·
fication of the Scutellidae in which 7 newgenera were erected with the type-species
as follows:
Breviscrtlellum(Bronteus trans11ersum

Conruswtellum(Bronteus rhinoceros

HAWLE

and CoRDA)
BARR!I.l'DE)

Ale/ascutellum(Br01r/eus pustula/us

Microscu/ellum(Bron/eus harclei

BAR HAl' DE)

BARKANL>E)

Prolobronteus(Eobron/eus ,·eedi

Protoscu/ellum(Hronteus simu/ans

Spiniscutellum(!Jronteus umbellijerus

SINCLAIR)BARRA:>;DF:)BARRAM>E)

As can be recognized from the typespecies. all of them bear pygidia withentire margins. A brief note is given
here on the classification of the Thysanopelticlae having spiniferous pygidia.
In 1957 the senior author has proposed
Thysanope/tel/a for the acanlhopeltis
group by PRANTL and PI{IBYL. Sub·sequent to lVIAKSil\IOVA (1960. RICHTERS,
1959) erected Weberopeltis on the basisof Bron/eus aculeatus WEBER, 19~15, fromthe Lower Devonian of the North Urals.
Now the Thysanopeltidae having spiniferous pygirlia can be classified in thefollowing manner:

Thysanopel/is or the so-called sjJeciosus group s. str. in which themarginal border is indented: denticles arc all small, numerous. somewhat irregularly aligned and regardless of the segmentation of thepygidium.
2. Thy!ianopeltella or the acanthopeltis·
clementimtm group in which thespines of the pygidium are regular
pleural or/and interpleural projections inseparable from the segmentation.
2a. Thysanopelle/la s. str. withthe bi fu rca ted median rib on
the pygidium.
2b. WeberojJeltis with a simple
median rib on the pygidium.
1.

The spines are pleural projections in
Bron/eus clementinus BARRANDE andinterpleural ones in l3ronteus acanthopeltis BARRA!\DE. The pleural spines
are long and interpleural ones short inBronleus /rulati BARROIS. The pygi-

489.

1\lew Scutellum from Sln},:oku

dium is semi-circular to semi-parabolicin them. while it is subpentagonal in
Bronteus (Thysanopeltis) paucispi11us
OKUBO.
This species has. however,eight pairs of pleural spines as usual.
Therefore it may be said that this is
Bronteus furcijerus BARRA'>DE having
pleural spines.
lt may be a matter of opinion to accept Thysanopeltis as an independent
genus or as a subgenus of either Sculel·
fum or Scabriscutel/um. The spiny segments of the pygidium evidently bear agreater taxonomic value in the classifi·
cation of the Thysanopeltidae. Therefore Thysanopeltel/a must be an independent genus and IVeberopeltis is here
considered a subgenus of Thysanopcfldla.
With regard to the fusion of the medianrib. the latter is a step more advanced
than the former.
The cephalon of T. (IV.) acu/catus isquite distinctive among various formsof the Thysanopeltidae. It is noteworthy
that this cephalon resembles those of
Swtel/um jurcijerum and also Cornu·
scutellum rhinoceros (BARR,\"DE) in thepossession of prominent protective spines
on the glabella and fixed cheeks.
Bnmteus tarak WEBER from the Jvliddle
Devonian limestone of the Turkhcstan
range. B. yakot·iei WEBER from the Middle Devonian of LunieYsk coal-districtof the Ural moumains and n. radiatus
in BEI~LING's collection from the outcrop
No. 13 in Turkhestan which the seniorauthor has previously referred to Thysanopelte/la, all belong to its subgenus
Weberopeltis. The last species for which
he has proposed Scutellum (Thysanope/lella) weberi on account of the synonimy
with Bronteus radio/us l'v!UNSTER, 1840
is represented by the pygidium mostintimate to that of Weberopeltis awleatus in the great development of thepleural spines.

II I.

77

Description of Species

Genus Scutellum PuscH. 1833
Swtellum (Subgenus nov.) japonicum
KouA YASH! and H A:'IIADA. sp.

nov.

Plate 7. Figures 1-3. text-fig. ~-Description:- Cranidium moderately
convex; glabella almost as long as
broad. widest at about one-fourth thelength from the anterior and the breadthis almost half reduced in posterior;glabellar outline somewhat constricted
at posterior lateral furrows and therefrom strongly expanded forward andslightly broadened backward: glabellar
convexity moderate except near the anterior margin where the frontal lobe isslant forward ; glabella trilobated by apair of longitudinal furrows; anterior

Text-fig. 2. Cranidium of Scutellum(Sub gen. llO\' .) japo11 iwm KOBAY AS Ill
and II A~J ADA, sp. nov. ( x Z.i)

furrow shallow. extending a little
forward and as far as one-third thebreadth of the glabella: middle furrow
shorter and somewhat shallower thanthe preceding ; posterior furrow strong
and expanding inward in form of a

78

Teiichi J{oLJA }'ASH! and Tnka ...;hi 1-filM.ADA

triangle and interrupted by a median
lobe; posterior lateral lobe oval. convex
and protruded back into neck ring ; oc·
cipital furrow profound and transverse
in 1he median part but carved on thelateral sides: occipital ring engraved at
the protrusions, but its breadth is greaterthan the posterior lobe of the glabella.
\Vholc surface of 1he glabella striatedby lines subparallel to the anterior
margin of the glabella. Dorsal furrows
deep in posterior but shallow in anterior.
Fixed cheek narrow: eyes re·lati\·ely large
and opposed at the posterior glabellar
furrows. Eye-ridge and palpebral lobe
form a weak elevation as seen by crosslight ; semi-circular lobe present on theamero-lateral side of the glabellar base.
Measurements :-No preglabellar area
is seen on the holotype cranidium. The
glabella inclusive of the occipital ringis 19.5mm. long and 23.9mm. wide at
the anterior expansion and 13.2 mm. wideat the occipital ring. This ring is 3.8
mm. long in the median part. The crani·dium is about 21.5 mm. through the ercs.
The convexity of the cranidium attains
the maximum in the frontal part of theglabella where it is 3.2 mm high.
Comparisoll :-In the outlines of the
cranidium and the glabella this species
is very similar to Scutellum. especiallyto the group of S. palzferum. In its
convexity and the sagittal section of
the glabella it resembles Paralc.iurus.
although the convexity is not so strong
in this species as in Para/ejurus. Threeglabellar furrows are present, but an·
terior and middle ones weak. while pos·terior ones are well developed. Like
Thysanopeltis and Scabriscutel/uni theglabella is trilobated and the eyes are
relatively large, but the glabella does
not rapidly tapering back in this species.
The most distinctive features of thisspecies are the backward projection of

the posterior glabellar lobe by which theoccipital ring is strongly engraved on thelateral sides and the inward expansionof the posterior lateral furrow in formof a triangular depression. Through the
combination of these characteristics thisspecies cannot be placed in any existing
subgenus of Scutellum. It represents
most probably an unnamed subgenus or
genus by itself.
Ocrurrenc{! :-From the Silurian pink·
ish brown limestone slab on the northeastern slope of Yokokura-yama, Kochi
Prefecture in Shikoku. Southwest Japan
where the junior author made a detailed
field survey (HAl\IADA. 1961). Though
the slab does not contain other fossils
than this trilobite, ~here are various
kinds of the Tabulata such as Falsicatenipora, Favosites. llelio/ites and Dania(?), among which the Halysitidae werealso studied by him (IIAi\IADA. 1958). in
the limestone around the locality. Geological age of the limestone is presumed
upper Wenlockian.
Repository :-Geological Institute. Fac·
ulty of Science. University of Tokyo.
Collected by ~vir. Jun'ichi IIAJ\IADA.
Scutellum (?) sp.
Plate 7. Figures 4a. b: text-fig. 3.

An imperfect and slightly twisted
pygidium whose outline is unknown ex·
cept the straight anterior pleural margin.
The axial lobe is short. convex, sub·triangular and longitudinally trilobated.
A median tubercle may be present in
the rear part of the axial lobe. The
median rib issuing therefrom is stout.
prominent and somewhat broadened dis·tally. but the bifurcated part cannot beseen clearly. The pleural ribs are flat.
On each side of the median rib se\·enpleural ribs are separated from one an·489.

1\lew Scutellum. from Shiko/m

79

Nepository :-Institute of Earth Science.
Faculty of Liberal Art~. Yokohama 1\a·tiona! University. Yokohama. Collectedby i'vlr. Yoshihiro YAsuf~. B. Sc.

Genus Octobronteus WEBER, 1954[=Strmneraspis PRAl\TL & l'i{IBYL. 1947)
Octohronteus (?) sp.
Plate 7. Figures 5a. b. 6: text-fig. 4.

......... ...
Text-fig. 3. Restoration of a p~•gidium of
Scutellum (?) sp. (slightly distorted. x2.2)

other by pleural futTO\\'S of moderate
strength. but these furrows have no flatbottom. The doublure exposed on theright side of the median rib is very
wide. Test is smooth.
It is indeterminable that the marginof the pygidium is entire. indented or
spiniferous. but it is certain that thisform belongs to the Thysanopeltidae. If
the margin is entire. it is probably amember of Scutellum (Scutellum). if not
Scabriscutd fum.
Measurements :-Axial lobe 7.4 mm. inwidth and 4.8 mm. in length where thearticulating ring occupies 0.9 mm. long:
median lobe of axial lobe 2.5 mm. wide;axial rib 2.0 mm. at the narrowest partin the middle portion: axial rib is probably bifurcated at a place 7.5 mm. distantfrom the rear end of median tubercle.
Ocwrrence :-The specimens was col·lected on a spur northeast of Hitoegane,
Kamitakara-mura. Yoshiki-gun. Provinceof Hida. Gifu Prefecture in schalstein of
the Devonian Fukuji Series. Fa1•osites
hidensis KAMEI contained in gray limestone (HAMADA. 1959) intercalated in theschalstein suggests ~Iiddle DeYonian for
the age of this form.

1961. Octobrollll'liS sp. liAMAIM. four. Fac .
Sci .. U11iv. Tokyo, Sect. 2. Vol. 13, Pt.
1. p. 29 (listed).

Description ·-Represented only by afragmentary specimen. Insofar as thepygidium can be restored. it is foundthat the pygidium has a broad sub·elliptical outline; seYen or eight pleuralribs are counted on each side ; pleuralribs are fiat-topped and convex forward
in front part and almost straight in

Text-fig. 4. l{estoration of a pygidiurnof Octolnollleus (?) sp. (x:l.O)

rear part respectively; intcrpleural furrow quite narrow, about one-fourth as
wide as the pleural rib ; axial lobe isunpreserved on the specimen. but itshould be somewhat long and narrow.
judging from the long and straight axial
furrow that interrupts the pleural ribs:
marginal border somewhat narrow : sur·face is coarsely granulate.
Measurements:- The whole length ofpygidium, although its terminal part islost. is 7.1 mm. ; width of lateral lobe 5.0

80

Tei·ichi ](oJJA YA.SHI a11d Tnlwshi H:IMA!JA

mm. ; pleural rib is 0.9 mm. wide at theantero-lateral part; anterior interpleuralfurrow 0.2 mm. in width ; probable lengthof the axial lobe is 2.5 mrn.
ObsetTations :-This granulose small
pygidium is characteristic in its trun·cated pleural ribs at the axial furrow.
Flat-topped seven or eight pleural ribs
are separated by narrow interpleuralfurrows. From these aspects Octobron·teus appears to be an appropriate refer·ence for it. Because of the poor material
the specific identification of this pygi·
dium is impossible.
Occurrence:- From calcareous sand·stone and shale bed of the G2 stage at
Kuraoka, Gion·yama, !1\'liyazaki Prefec·
ture, Kyushu of Southwest japan. This
stage is overlain by the lower Ludlovian
G3 limestone with Schedohalysites kita·kamiensis and Conchidium cf. C. lmightii(HA~IADA. 1956; 58; 62). The geologicalage of the stage is, therefore. determined
at upper Wenlockian. It was procured
in association with other trilobites, i.e.
Coronocephalus kobayashii llAMADA (1959)
and Proelus sp .. and other fossils suchas Falsicatenipora shikokuensis HAMADA.
.4canthohalysites kuraokensis HA~IAD:\(1958), Lingula sp., and Troconema sp.
(1961. 62).

Repository :-Geological Institute. Fac·
ulty of Science. University of Tokyo.
Collected by Takashi HA~IADA.

n·.

References

Comm. on Compilation of Geol. of China &Geol. Inst. Acad. Sinica (1956) : Tablesof Regional Stratigraphy of China.
FL\\IAD.·\. T. (1956) : /lalysites kitakamie11sis
SUGIYAMA from the Gotlandian Formation in the Kuraoka District. Kyushu,
Japan. Japan. Jour. Geol. Geogr.. Vol.
27. Nos. 2--J.
- - (1958) : Japanese Halysitidae. jour. Fac.
Sci., Univ. Tokyo. Sect. 2. Vol. 11, Pt. 2.
- - (l959a): Gotlandian Shelly Fauna fromSouthwest japan (!). Coronocephalus kobayashii, a new Species from the Kuraoka District, Kyushu. japan. jour. Geol.
Geogr., V of. 30.
- - (l959b) : On the Taxonomic Position of
Fa1:osites hidensis and its Devonian Age.
Ibid .. Vol. 30.
- - (1961): The Middle Palaeozoic Groupof Japan and i Ls Bearing on her Geological History. Jour. Fac. Sci., Univ.
Tokyo, Sect. 2. Vol. 13. Pt. 1.
- - (1962) : The Silurian Shelly Fauna fromSouthwest japan (II). Two Brachiopods
from Kyushu. Sci. Pap., Coil. Gen. Educ.,
Unit·. Tokyo, Vol. 12.
Ht:PE. P. (1953. 55) : Classification des Trilo-

Explanation of Plate 7
Scutellum (Subgen. nov.) japonicum KoBAYASHI and HA\IADA, sp. nov.
Figs. 1-3. Top, frontal and lateral views of the holotype cranidium. x2.7. Upper Wenlockian G2 stage?, Yokokura-yama. Shikoku. Southwest japan. Coli. Mr. j. HA~!ADA.
Scutellum (?) sp.
Figs. -!a, b. Fragmental pygidium . .ta, xi; -lb. x2.2. Coblenzian-Eifelian Takaharagawa
series. Fukuji, Central Honshu. Coli. Mr. Y. YAst:E.
Octobronteus (?) sp.
Figs. 5a. b, 6. Fragmental pygidium. An outer cast (5a) and its clay mould (Sb) and thecounter part of Sa (6). x3.0. Upper Wenlockian G1 stage, Gion-yama. Kyushu.
Southwest Japan. Coli. T. H . nJADA.

KOBA Y A SH/ and HAMADA :Plate 7

New Sctttellum from Shikoku

2
1

3

4b
5b
5a

4sg.

New Scutellwn from Shi.koku

bites. Ann. de Paleont., Tom. 39 . .J 1.
KouAYASHI. T. (1951): On the Ordovician
Trilobites in Central China. jour. Fac.
Sci., Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 2. Fol. 8. Pt. 1.
- - (1957) : Notes on Two Devonian Trilo·
bites from the Kitakami 1vlountains injapan. JIJid .. Vol. 11, Pt. 1.
iVIAJ(SJ:..!OV,c\, Z. A. (HJfiO): Trilobita. in Prill·

ciples of Paleontology, Vol. 8.
NoWJRA, .M. (1964) : Miscellaneous .1-\otes on
new Localities of .Minerals and Fossils
in the Southern Part of Gifu Prefectureand .-\ichi Prefecture. jour. Soc. Earth·scientists and Amateures of japan. Vol.
15. No. 9 (in Japanese).
·OKt:Bo. M. (1951) :Trilobites from Japan.

Trilobite,

ficationandDivisionofthe

Tidsk .. /Jd. 35.
Si\'ADJR, M. (1960) : /\. Study of the Family
Scutelluidae (Trilobitae). Us/ ust geol..
Vol. 26. (not seen).
Sv:s, Y. C. (1931) : Ordovician Trilobites fromCentral and Southern China. Pal. Sinica,
Ser. B. Vol. 7, Fasc. 1.
WEBER, V. (1932) : Trilobites of Turkestan.
Trudy Ceo/. Kom., 11. s., Tom. 178.
WliJTTJNGTOi\', H. B. (1950): Sixteen Ordovician Genotype Trilobites. jour. Paleont.,

Vol. 24.

Postscript
According to i\L\1-;SJ:\!OVA (1960), Weberopeltis bultitclllmkoi l'viAKS!MOVA and IV. burjensis 1\L-\KSJ~!O\'A from the Devonian of the
Rudi Altai and also Bronteus arcuticum
WEBER. 19,15. from the Devonian of theUrals have simple median ribs on their
pygidia. The last species has long spines
like JV. awleatus and IV. weberi. In Bronteus
eugeni TscHER:SYSilJ,VA, 1951, however. themedian rib may be forked at the terminus.
Here the senior author records his sincere
thanks to Drs. ~-E. TscJJERNYSHEVA and
Z. /\.. M.·\KSJ ~JOVA for the following two re·ferences.
I.

2.

tise on l1wertebrate Paleontology, Pt. 0,
Arthropoda 1.
SJJSCl.AlR, G. W. (1949):
The Ordovician

Fukuji
Kamitakara-muraffi1 tU!
.t.~ttPaleont.,

SJ<JESETll, S. (1955) : The Trilobite Family
Styginidae. The Middle Ordovician of
the Oslo Region. Korway, 5. Norsk. Geol.

Genus

fectly known Bohemian Representativeof the Genus Scutellum PuscJJ, 1833
(Trilobitae). Ibid .. 50 Ann., No. 1.J.
REED, F. R. C. (1904): The Lower Palaeozoic
Trilobites of the Girvan District, Ayrshire, Pt. 2. Palaeontogr. Soc.
- - (1912) : Ordovician and Silurian Fossils
from the Central Himalayas. Pal. Indica.
Ser. 15. l' of. 7, A! em. No. 2.
- - (1928) : On the Bronteidae. Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., Ser. 10, Vol. 1.
RICHTER, R. & E. (1956) : Grundlagen fur
die Beurteilung und Einteilung der Scutelluidae (Tril.). Senckenberg. Lethaea. /Jd.
37.
- - & - (1959) : Thysanopeltidae in Trea-]our.

Vol. 23.

Chikyu-Kagaku. No. 4 (in japanese).
PJ~,\NTL, F. and RRJBYL, A. (1946) : ClassiScutellum PuscH. 1833. from the Bar·randian (Central Bohemia). Bull. intern.
de blcad. tedz. des Sci. 1Y·I6. -17 Ann.,
No.9.
- - and - - (1949) : Some new or imper·

Eobronteus.

81

Gion-yama
Kuraoka

TscHEHNYSBE\'A, N. E. (1951) : Upper
Silurian and Devonian Trilobite:; fromthe Kuznetsk Basin.
1\IAKS!:\!OVA, z. A. (1960): Devonian andCarboniferous Trilobites from the RudiAltai.
Palaeontological Basis of the
Palaeozoic Stratigraphy of the Rudi·
Altai, Part 7.

ifliOO!lll
f* ilri!

Hitoeganc
Yoshiki-gun-·lli:ril:~ri ~ m

82

PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN. SPECIAL PAPERS (NliMBER 12) >a.-1966 ~
fl'tl::'f~lrr Lt-:<. .:CO)nJtfif:i>a.-~Jn... "i-t, ii~t.d.li{~~:t,;;tH,O)Jm:.. /i:O)"Jf~l.:.frh-lt"'C$.it.*~f'JiJlle L:ttUKt:~?-Jl!l~f.:ili~tt!!tl~fxili~ft.

( 1)

D *lf~4'ffr'f:~9i!t::Ffi L.il,A.-·Cr~ '-' ·,15'"1:ll'?.l~l::~i'" ;~d~3Ct'. ~3(Q)!f,'f5JI]I:H)i&i:.~ ~ h L \ 'I~~Q) t Q)o 5}:lil:l:t~*~1-fO)t!f}JIH}I.::..tH't

l:':trfJl..I<W(i'" .0.:: c, ~'N~tJ· I? 1<:lli -c~ .O~l'Ht. #JifQ)"f~:~.:. .t 1J :&f~tJ~I., i -tn:. ilf*Q)f?l.li:.
.t.oc. 11-<-c~ 2o~3o nF.J~fl't-ri·, ~~tJ.?'f-n·I?UiSt!(n:~fii~J.t-.oJ!.it.O)i<,.o.ttHt•.:.'t . .:cQ)~tlfir::.ttl.:"'CJ:1JC.t IJ 1b:lt1Jl:tJ;tt.- <'"'Clb H·,( 2) f'lfi- · 5e.!lL.t >h t::-1-:13-~~'ti~Q);Ji;li!< Lt.:/i1t~ ("! t.:lt.:icliltF"9i/i1, ·)JJ(.f(.lj) -c. ~llllillf!:I::~M L 'L1Elitt..:
J!m 1>~~w.-c ~ 7.>~/L~I:::li:> 7.>.:: .t. t.c. o-"' <fli{.l\Wi0)4 L ~Ffi;iM!H::l':fi;t. -ctlt:IH L -c-r ~" ·, (JtJi1'fQ) 1:11~~ L "! i'" ,)(3) $Jbffl~iit::llirci'"tJ':. iJ\O)IjPJt>a.'iii:!AL. (J J":JQ)iLiH:·"·i'-:>'L )-~1.·,(a) Ff!~:?'f.U:i'r: fiJi'~~~"* t.:a~~IH±ffr, [~'Jl('ic*YJQ)*~~ D. ·c;lr, .o.:: .t ,J(b) ~::#i1c.fRil3C:m~ [;flld!{~Hilci'"o.:. t ,J(c)lilf1EI*J'&Q)~'@ (600~1200 !'f:~lf!Z,)

I~ 'Alt..: I? v..:l::f9.:3CtJ:-r-7.H9!;f;ti~-c~z,.:. c Q)JlJEIJ.IL CJ:!flliJ:;!'iO):¥~-r >h .t 1. • ,)*3CQ)Ji:1& (.llliiJ: I) ..W.ml'l:1&"!t.:tt!il(ff.l-rt9(3C!I-1 7.-:-1 :n!,f:f-1\ 25 frJmQ)~frO){l(t'{),t.iit81· ~Q)'(j-kQ)~clll1Lf:: 1JJ1ii'~:R:~. ~ni~WiO)ttfi:.
(f) J:iidt.:.kti'" 7.> ~D!llllf±Q) N.Fltftt, [[SK31:~11ii/±lWiO)*E~~-I ·:13-J~-?f~*.R-c ~ 7.> lllliillttt::~~i'".o.:: c, if&'~t..:I'Dliiilf-±Q)·l.·~ 1J O)t.~:" ·~~1.::1t. TJ;lll\a t.:.t:t.:CC1.'~ L >a.-1JHII L -c-r~nu:.
'-'"l-'fktJ ·I? fD.Iiillttl:..ft-~ L '"'CJi!. ~{!J~f'rlii: ~-It i i'" .)(g) ffi!.il·l? O)fi.~~m(/) Jl.i6(1);fi~ . .:c(l)=r11:a'fi. ~llli)JL c.:cO) J!:i!!.O);HEI1Jl.t t.~: 7.> ~~i u:~:.:cQ)~ L~i.f.;;t_ rr· ~"' ·,J (1965 1J'!'J't(I)3C$1'J'O)'f'\lrrJJ1J!&:~~~tr;fi'i:JI'ill!Q)~fl' ~. -i-O)E'
a- J:lJCr::$1.: -cf;f;:llt: L -c-r· ~",, J(h) 'tO)ft!!.:~~~PJi. fli{!lllin·:*;,\5r&;O)tb}ftl:.{;t:.. Fft~~l:::t.;l-f .OillH'f~Rt.c.I?V:I.::..%1&:li'U~~

(d)
(e)

.FJ f=l ~&::·ffft: L -c-r ~ ~, ·,c") ¢.it.*'*J;JJ 1965 ~f 11 .FJ 15 n Cil'i~P:fr~). ~i!fri 1966 ~ 1 JJ Q)IPf.~~~-cii'f~iJt:iilQ)J:$.i6~1::
J!li~Q)'f~-e-j ,,t.:t:. L.:C(I)Iilji t.:,t.i?fl:., f!li?!.:# c O)~Qfjf,Q)J.Ct~a-. lliil*~~n ·!?).!(<-:, .Q.:. .t 11:~

.QtJ· ~ LiL i -It A.,( 5)

ffilliil7~

ilfil3(n:;Ji;~t..:r!}fri::::t. tl~:iE1~-c ~;;, t.J·r!J!

<ilJ.!lliH::. t fJ tJ·tJ•.Q T-~-c-t, 3Cilll~'(l)f!JIT

JliJik~ crfilF!ft::IIX::W.dlJrr'i~mlJJJJ~J) ~I¥ :ii'i:JI'il1fO)Jt.\~~.:.,:t. ~~n· I? ~1~iil'l

cf9'J.:r.::t z .FJ 1:ill r:J:ll::l'flilti
ffliif.I) L. .:cQ)~N . ~1fl'it.u:~:rE1~~D!llill.:. t 'J n.tJ. I) t-t, -t-Q)~fl'ltii;lrf1ItJLJ:Q).Q:.~tJ· J?, toYJ!f!l.:...f;Jtca- :u-t.:. e: ,::t.>: "J -c ~ . :1: -t,

I

I
~j
I

I

I

1---m

I

I

I

~H (11({91]

I Zf) 92 '"' {91]

I

II

lUi

11

-

I !II iS ;,, 8 J1 25 13•'(: I l!:l6:J ;J'. ~I jJ :.!S 11

-'-•

/.,

J~

~~

f-'1:! J: ·7: I 1965 :t-11 ~7-11-

~~.~

~~

J!Jtis:rw yj~-----::.- :-. :1•:.: ~, ; •. ftt:iM-iJ~cJltf«fll <HI•Jili'' WJ:J:nt{l.li~ · 7t1: 1,; J:U:illll
t.c J;. 'l(iifl-i:•')ftk -t~v.,i!Hh4 'Ht.d:im itt o:~·~ A:~/Hll:) -r:..t;,;.,,.:((\J:.!i"lf-9l.li< <T-mJ:··n: -;. :-..-r::.: ·~u. · ~~ifviT:;·o~u:!f•jill!£'9!lll.•l~t'i'U~ (Jn:,lfr!, tt!l-*M:·Jiillllt'YeJ:)~ !lll•!ll~~'(.fi:J;-~ k.··n:~~ · !-ta."J J,·'f:.f.i··.r:;a;)

I

·i

I

.;d.1Ji%JI:~___: · inlllji'o'H"JiioLitt:t.

1 ;~., '' ~ ·: i.:.:t-;:-t-6 ,,, ,,~U\'!Ul111. ){l:'I~~*H.. :-. ,. -7 ''--ell> '(It; 22

fnJJillif.ll!ll't''f.:~~~.:/IHI?.'~;,i-,.!:. ~it-'i;'it.l965if. l JH•ItJ. !96-!'fl2Ji HtJi.:.~!MLt..:.

,01:,'l£t'H'1-!'f:Gif'ltt'lifrJ7f-/Jftt::.:..;.: 7.:> -/ : II ~·:..-Jt!!~. s·t:-ttul'Ut.HE <t~!!!f 11-~. 1i7.?t--.Km;. 'RiljJx~J. ~~~iW!lir}ilD it. l!l!l•l1f.l1Ji•flfiJI'J·~J 1.2J-'l•l'nH:.tJ.tt·c. H.:.. f,ii!i1l:£4.rlf (·J·.f'tqi.-·.~'!ililll'!(c-:::·WJ!f;~ lli,ll(;; • !trll!l:~\~ · UUH!'fd: · Willi I ,4-·m Lt.. 196<1 ;!'· 12 fl !(• hJtJ ·I? l%5 :r 2 J1 TRll.:.tJ -:t-c. -t:Jt--t'tt...llffliiHitJ:~ •· ~H~**rf[l<J L !.::..
id.U•fi>ti · · ,;'!jJJ:!-f.~: · f~*ifinJ; · lJ!llttili(r!Jl· t<lJP!i'rt11 · ~Arl-11~-:l · i'fJl\ji'r~:f:dit.t. 1961 ;F 12 J1ll
! h'J· !O,Ji~ 31 11 i -ell_>=-~- 7: :: - 1-=..;,;:t Q. ~ 22 fu)}J(Iifllf!.'t'!"r:i<~:h .t u":ff 6 Jnl~~tf-,-'J:-ttJ"?-i!J! :tEt
~I-:./UI$L.t.::.,:_. ~z bl.J<Itfim.f!lrtL!:. _,_ -~- 7' J - --r:~m 2;;! JnJJilt~tt!!'C.("(.i~.~~;:.IJ'.I.'i'lc;l);h ~. Hannover 11)i1!!1'iAA'Utlifri.:.
1

ruWl"-'f:~t..:.~ll 1 ·:~ i.:t•'•Jf-tiii~L t.::."~~W';i'l,J'i*r!'fi./ti.l: I !lli-1 ~'- ll J']iltlt]i.::l. -r- 7-. :1 ifdiHilf~o)J,~HIIi ~ L -r. ·/ 'J:; ~~ 1.:.11\:ll~ Hl65:.r 2 Jj_j:t,J

Ml:!iiLL

News
0

O

J91i8 W-+-"'- 'l :1 '"/." .:,p-,· -cnf.I!IH~Jtl.>~} :.!3 1"17il!<Jtll!'i'{''{:~~.;&o)~J{i.:.;.t. Dr . .Jisef S\'CJBon,,.
l\Icmber oi the Czechoslovak Academy of ScienceN. i;tf.~H::.;;. Dr. Arnost Dt:DEK. Directorof the Geological Survey of Chechoslcn·akia ,-y:.i:ii:!itt.:., jJ!i(a:J: f,fi!......,~iii->~tt.::.~ ·,Organizing Committee. 23nl Session of the International Geological Congress.
l'stredni usta\· geologicky. :\lalostranskc niw11~sti 19. Praha I. Czechoslovakia.
l\161 ~f- \1 f] fi Fl.t '> 8 II '3: -c-fJ -t· ;l'q) Cal gar~· -r: Alhcrta Society nl Petroleum Geologists ~UUH.::..t7.>-T:l::..-,f;i.:.(~J·:t7.)[1ij~~-l.;iia}< (lnl.ernatinnal Syrnposiumonthc lkvonian Syr;lelll) -n·:llllflll ~.ttl.>. i'< ~JJ(l)J]iJi-~;.:Lt ·/1 -J· ". i'Tll!l(J) ~·lT:ryi(fit/·t,: .:. /J: .i,/1. ~;,, i'liM :1\:t.n.-Jev>jifi ;' -c.~,~:...
The Set:t.elar~·. International Symposium on l.lw Devonian System,
P. 0. Box 53, Calgary. Alberta. Canada:!loJ;: *~.!}I!~ m>it!! rt~t'(~ Pi

1 9 6 5 1f. 6 Jj 25 fl1965 1f.6R30U

I 0 0 1'9

13;;j.:if~:.4W~~

~

1t

:r,-

:rE

~~,

~~r

n1>

;t

{j

;tr

r!l

JII

ii!

itt

(J:n 'fl n ~ '4[ ),"( 84180 li)
i'IJ ifij ~- -~ ~ m: ~ ~~ .fl- illl 2 ; u$:{;}i~llf.PAfiiJttjj:S<H 11.
m
7t.

z..

r,

( 1964 !j! 1 11 18 B illciE)[. N:f,Qi!flJt
1.
2.

3.
4.

)jj\f.f61113;;$:i!i1:~~~0)~§.a t.:lif91l~I~}.H >""C .i/4i'Ji (ftlM:~~ 7.>)_ Lt.: t O)IC.Ill7.>o/.b'(ff.bliW\J'CIC.I~ 9, 91 -:171 9 -Jill!!; (22. 5x27. 5cm) K ... ~171+fft: 1 :fj}J~ I<:IJJ.JII~tiC?
1-:171 f-1_.,. ~~li1 !19 ::t~IC~h\i'~Mfil)k·~ 7.>ofli\~m <tili~·flll@·#2H.>~u') 112·11l!ltl1A (.?1 :1'717-f!U.!U':JtiOfX) {!o~J.e:t-97.>.
~flti (14. 2X20. 0 em) li 2 ft~IUJ~.!:: -t~o12.

tf!i!L41i 10 Mftlil" 60 .!"¥ (1 J'f.li 1 :>flJi .J") ~~W~.!:: t.... ~lmK{iH. t.:li!'i!!IZ!JH~\11 :.-:7 1:. ""CIYJI~
ICI!} ~. ~!=f:lOJ~Iit.c 7.>« <il!i!J':.XIH 1 7'71 9 -~J:{!o l;l:l) ""?I :I" 7.>. l'lll~UI<:~ V"Cit/~"9 7.> C.
t iJ>JJ ~ IJ> ~. ~O):j: ~. !¥CD::k ~ ~ t.;. c li C. CD/.!. {!o1C:7}K. ~ ;ti<:.A.H ""C {§ <£.~)')>.1) 7.>.
:tll!~l<:li!IZ-f~J~;e-?1:1" 7.>. ~Rlli.17JCD l 1: u t.: t, OJii~ >1:1" t.H 'o.UJ:.CD~I.[H¥iil ¢~fl'li'>11l:l·t.t>.IC CD~Jfl~lftlllT ¢. i t.:./~ifi;~11: 'I f:lli~Jig i ""Ct7J~{l'ICIHW~
2 ~frf.-t 18 1~'~ .::.x..:HJi~:to .t0:[gj/llico~m~1'1:1'til::!ft.m-t .Q,!il{fibt<:l:tt'ltlt~J& t ffli.!li'..:nxf.!t:J?:{tlirl-t ;;,.
51}flJ'Ci!tliT«""CCDJ'CCDiHii:.JtliiJ:OJf.A;elitl:t'"t' .ICc. 1~-t,JiT 7.>o Jt~li~=1H10J7 Jv 7 7,.;. ::t
1- J!Jl'W::mm u. lfiJ-!,\h~·OJ,lfllXIi~~1Ff1:~U: T 7.>. ~=:ff~ • 5fi;ll{If. • ~Jt~Mii • ~UM5 • :@ •~ • j;gJ/ltZ • Mi~ • flllli4 • #Ji~-'i>!EfrltliC:ZcA. "9 7.>.
f1i{mn:ti~#:gO)~I:.ijU£0)iYf~t{l100~ HtilGT 7.>.
1 QllJltlA.Uf'iO):t\im CP11123 • fill~ • {t;&-'i>il"u') li*flJJ 9 /X~. 5:l:FJ!I] {tOJ.I!iil<:ltH~T ¢.
jjUjjlUCD!0~$~1.>1ii1fri~'c t:J·;ft!-p;.). fll L., J!l€~*Jp20 $£ "VIi!!IW\1:<: . .:C~tf.U:Ii '8' 1\fiJ=>.:COJtvfJ

13.

f1i{ffii.:I:~WOJJlii£1<:M '""C .9LA.£ 1.: Iiii~ 1: ~~.;,fl. 7.> .A. I<:~ l'n? o

~ ~

m:.t

5.

6.
7.

s.
9.

10.

11.

;eJ\lliT¢.,
11.

1.

tfiit;fHi:AI.:I:IJ;(~O)~.f!l! • C+!fJ• inl~1.>ff?,2.

tii!.f!:t:~lilij{m1.>~Jll!ut.:ijl;~.

3.

4.
5.

6.
7.

.:COJ!liH~lit.:iffJJJ-c.>JJ 91i -?JtOJfi!!Jf~i.tJ:OJ:;FtlliOJ1mPC.
~u t.:_f:'t'@:; tr.~llJl B N 1.>;iC.A~'1\fl::lil*'iB'~iF.-'i> .iri ¢.
/li(ffu~l*ffl::f-tlUfJii~~c "iU.6*.!4 c OJ#~!:.J: IJ lk<t-9 7.>ou.

iii~FiHl'i~l*Jfllli!Wi?:::f-t~fHOJFJ!Ell ~ftiEu ""C 11i'if1:~:tU-t 7.>,t@i!.fH~ft.lil'*Fll/lft~'i'I±\Jl!H~I:.Lt; t 1:. ~11l!B f'.tOJll!l'iiCJQ,!i£-9 ¢,'rifi·t.t :tGami'iul>:,lfrli)(V:J ~ -a.-MJE v.:JJ)d~l<: 115'/:.l!J! r1H 1.>~9.! -t;;,,r.liEI.:I:!:Hitfi~JlOJ .i.'Hflct:H 'l' UH· is? oc i> iii