0MB No. 1024-0018

NPS Form 10-900

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service

.

?8 t)

National Register of Historic Places Registration Forni56(Enter "NI A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing

2. Location
Street & number: -=-1=3=lO~ A=ir,_W""-'--"aC,.Ly_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __City or town: Glendale
State: ~C_a_l i_fo-=r=ru=·a,,------ County: Los Angeles
Vicinity:
Not For Publication:

DD

3. State/Federal Agency Certification
As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended,
I hereby certify that this _x_ nomination _ request for determination of eligibility meetsthe documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic
Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60.
In my opinion, the property _x_ meets _ does not meet the National Register Criteria. I
recommend that this property be considered significant at the following
level(s) of significance:__ local_national_X-statewide
Applicable National Register Criteria:_B_D

Jenan Saunders/Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer

Date

California State Office of Historic Preservati on

State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government

In my opinion, the property · - meets_ does not meet the National Register criteria.

Signature of commenting official:

Title:

Date

State or Federal agency/bureauor Tribal GovernmentNational Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
0MB No. 1024-0018

NPS Form 10-900

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State

4. National Park Service Certification
I hereby certify that this property is:~ntered in the National Register_

determined eligible for the National Register_

determined not eligible for the National Register_

removed from the National Register_

other (explain:) _ _ __ _ _ _ __Date of Action

Ownership of Property(Check as many boxes as apply.)
Private:Q

Public - Local
Public - State
Public - Federal□

D
D

Category of Property(Check only one box.)
Building(s)District
Site
Structure
ObjectG□□□□

Sections 1-6 page 2

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State

Number of Resources within Property(Do not include previously listed resources in the count)Contributing
Noncontributing______1___________________

buildings__________________________

sites______1___________________

structures__________________________

objects______2____________0_______

Total

Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register ____N/A________________________________________________________________________________
6. Function or Use
Historic Functions(Enter categories from instructions.)
TRANSPORTATION: air-related__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Current Functions(Enter categories from instructions.)
COMMERCE/TRADE: business_______________________________________________________________________________________________

Sections 1-6 page 3

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State___________________________________________________________________________
7. Description
Architectural Classification(Enter categories from instructions.)
LATE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURY REVIVALS:
Spanish Colonial Revival___________________
MODERN MOVEMENT:Art Deco______________________________________________
Materials: (enter categories from instructions.)
Principal exterior materials of the property:
WALLS:
StuccoCement Tile
Concrete (cast stone)
ROOF:
Terra Cotta
Narrative Description(Describe the historic and current physical appearance and condition of the property. Describe
contributing and noncontributing resources if applicable. Begin with a summary paragraph thatbriefly describes the general characteristics of the property, such as its location, type, style,method of construction, setting, size, and significant features. Indicate whether the property hashistoric integrity.)______________________________________________________________________________
Summary Paragraph
Grand Central Air Terminal is located at 1310 Air Way, between Grandview Avenue and Sonora
Avenue, in the City of Glendale, California. The property includes one building and one
structure. The building is a two-story airport terminal building with an attached, five-story air
traffic control tower. The structure is an adjacent semi-subterranean electrical vault. The terminalbuilding is constructed of a structural steel skeleton and masonry infill exterior walls finishedwith stucco, ceramic tile, and cast stone. The terminal was designed by Los Angeles architect
Henry L. Gogerty in the Spanish Colonial Revival style, with an Art Deco air traffic control
tower and interior decorative features. The terminal building was put into service in 1929, whilestill under construction; construction was completed in 1930. The building was rehabilitatedaccording to the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation in 2015, and it retains
integrity of location, design, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association.

Section 7 page 4

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State______________________________________________________________________________
Narrative Description
Grand Central Air Terminal is located on the south side of Air Way, between Sonora Avenue
and Grandview Avenue in the City of Glendale, California. The property is flanked by industrial
and office buildings to the east, west, and southwest. The parcel immediately to the south
consists of a landscaped open space with a large central lawn stretching to Grand Central
Avenue. The terminal building is flanked by a small surface parking lot to the west and by aconcrete-paved concourse to the south.
The building’s principal (west) façade fronts a wide circular concrete driveway that served as adrop-off and pickup area for departing and arriving passengers. A circular planter in the center ofthe drive contains a related structure: a square, semi-subterranean concrete vault that originallyhoused the terminal’s electrical equipment, and now contains mechanical units. The vault has aflat roof composed of metal ventilation grilles. The walls have a continuous cornice featuring awave pattern, and decorative cast stone ventilation grilles representing stylized airplanes. The
vault is accessed via an exterior staircase on its south side.
The terminal is a two-story, nine-bay-by-twelve-bay rectangular building combining the Spanish
Colonial Revival style with Art Deco influences. Spanish Colonial Revival characteristics
include its overall horizontal massing, low-pitched gable and shed roofs clad in clay Mission
tiles, stucco wall cladding, large arched openings, cast stone detailing, exterior tiled staircase,and decorative encaustic cement tile. Art Deco features are incorporated into the air traffic
control tower near the southwest corner of the building and include the tower’s verticalemphasis; cast stone bas-relief spandrel panels with stylized figurative, chevron, and sunburst
patterns; and stylized cast stone angels at the tower’s four upper corners. Fenestration consists ofdivided-light steel sash casement windows.
The west façade is asymmetrical. There is a nine-bay arcade across the entire ground floor and aseven-bay loggia at the second. There are projecting bays at the north and south ends; each bay
has an arched opening and decorative plaster banding at the ground floor and deeply recessed
windows with sloping subsills of cast stone at the second floor. The roof of the north bay is aside gable, and the roof of the south bay is a front-facing gable. The six central arches of theground floor arcade are supported on squat, round columns of cast stone. The lower portion of
the east wall of the arcade is clad in decorative encaustic cement tile. The floor of the arcade isintegrally colored concrete tile pavers. Decorative metal lanterns, replicated from historicphotographs, hang from the arcade and loggia ceilings. An exterior staircase with clay tile treads
and risers has a stepped stucco parapet and leads to the second-floor loggia. The loggia hassquare cast stone columns resting on a stucco-clad parapet; the columns support a shed roof withdecorative exposed rafter tails at the eaves. The gable above has a circular ventilation grille witha decorative, barbed frame. Additional cast stone decorative elements include parapet coping,mascarons at the base of each loggia column, and a large escutcheon at the top of the stairs.

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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State

The south façade is asymmetrical. It originally faced the airport’s taxiway and runway, and isdominated by the five-story Art Deco control tower. At the tower’s ground floor, a large
rectangular opening originally led to the terminal’s baggage check room. At the tower’s second
through fourth floors, paired steel sash casement windows with decorative cast stone spandrel
panels are separated by a narrow, stucco-clad central pier; those at the second floor open to an
overhanging balcony with decorative plaster piers and brackets. Each of the four corner piers of
the control tower terminates in a cast stone angel with outstretched wings, holding an airplane
propeller. The tower’s fifth floor is occupied by the glass-walled control room, topped by apyramidal roof clad in clay Mission tiles.
West of the control tower is the south arcade, composed of four two-story arches with steelframed glazing. The arches have decorative plaster voussoirs and are supported on clusteredpiers of cast stone and stucco. The easternmost arch has a bulkhead clad in decorative encaustic
cement tiles. Decorative metal light fixtures, replicated from historic photographs, are mounted
on the wall between the arches. The overhanging eave above features decoratively shaped
exposed rafter tails. The arcade terminates with a two-story gabled bay with a pair of glazed
metal doors at the ground floor, flanked by small rectangular windows screened with decorative
cast stone grilles. Above, a pair of steel-framed glass doors opens to a second overhanging
balcony supported on decorative plaster brackets. The remaining five bays of the south façadefeature segmental arches at the ground floor, with divided-light steel sash casement windows.
Large rectangular plate glass windows above are separated by square cast stone piers. This
portion of the terminal building features a flat built-up roof concealed with a shallow mansard
clad in clay Mission tile.
The terminal’s east façade is asymmetrical. It has segmental-arched, steel sash casement
windows at the first story and large, rectangular plate glass windows separated by square caststone piers at the second story. Decorative plaster banding wraps the northeast corner andcontinues to the north façade. The building steps down to one story at the northeast corner.
The terminal building’s north façade, facing Air Way, is asymmetrical. Four large, glazed,
arched openings mirror those of the south façade. They are flanked by slightly projecting gabledbays, each with a steel-framed glazed storefront at the first story and tripartite second-story
windows with decorative cast stone trim. In the westernmost bay is the arched entrance to thewest arcade, above which is a rectangular window with a decorative cast stone grille. To the eastof the central composition are two rectangular storefronts with steel-framed glazing anddecorative metal grilles. Second-story windows above have alternating cast stone and metal
grilles. The two easternmost bays have blind segmental arches with metal grilles; these originally
opened to a sandwich shop and were subsequently filled. The lower portions of the north façade
have horizontal plaster banding.
Interior
The historic main entrance to the building is asymmetrically located on the west façade, near thenorth end of the west arcade. The entrance consists of a pair of fully glazed steel doors, set
within a deep plaster embrasure. The doors lead through a small vestibule into the former

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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State

passenger waiting room. The vestibule has a carpeted floor, plaster walls, and a beamed plaster
ceiling with zigzag panels, reconstructed from the original plans. A new staircase and elevator
are located north of the vestibule, occupying a former office space.
The interior of Grand Central Air Terminal is centered on the two-story passenger waiting room,
now used as a corporate event space. The room has a concrete slab floor covered in carpet tiles,
walls clad in smooth plaster with a decorative plaster cornice, and a textured acoustical ceiling.
An elaborate double switchback staircase leads from the former waiting room to the second
floor. The staircase has decorative ceramic tile risers, terra cotta tile treads, and a decorative
metal railing that replicates the original. The stair is framed with a tall arched opening featuring
intricately detailed plasterwork in sunburst and zigzag patterns. Four large arched openings
connect the former waiting room to the enclosed south arcade. A steel bridge with a glass
guardrail spans the north end of the room, connecting the east and west portions of the second
story. The bridge was constructed as part of the 2012-2015 certified rehabilitation project.
Opening from the east side of the former waiting room is the former coffee shop, which occupies
the southeast corner of the ground floor and is now used as an open office space. The floor iscarpet over the original stamped concrete slab. The walls are finished in plaster, with decorative
encaustic cement tile cladding below the windows. Decorative pilasters with foliate capitals
along the north and south walls support the ceiling beams. The beamed plaster ceiling has
decorative panels with a distinctive zigzag pattern. Decorative metal light fixtures werereconstructed from historic photographs. North of the former coffee shop are new offices, toilets,
and support spaces occupying the terminal’s former kitchen, sandwich shop, barbershop, office,and toilets.
At the top of the main staircase is the former passenger lounge, which extends the full width of
the building from north to south. It is a long, narrow space with carpeted floor, plaster walls witha decorative cast plaster cornice, and a plaster ceiling. Two sets of three arched openings on thewest wall open to balconies overlooking the waiting room below. The arches are filled with fixed
frameless glass. On the east wall, rectangular openings with decorative plaster surrounds lead tothe former dining room. These openings have been filled with frameless fixed plate glass andframeless glass doors as part of the 2012-2015 certified rehabilitation project. A glass partition
sections off the north end of the lounge for use as a lunchroom.
The former dining room, now used as an open office area, has a carpeted floor and plaster walls.
Plaster columns and pilasters with stepped plaster brackets support an elaborate plaster ceilingwith zigzag panels, intricate moldings, and central skylights. The walls are clad in plaster and thefloor is plywood. North of the dining room are offices, occupying the terminal’s former service
pantry, and toilets.
The west portion of the second floor is occupied by office spaces. A conference room at thesouthwest corner, formerly the airport director’s office, has a beamed and paneled wood ceiling.
A narrow wood staircase leads to the upper levels of the control tower, which have wood floors
and plaster walls and ceilings.

Section 7 page 7

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State

Alterations
At the start of the 2012-2015 rehabilitation project the terminal building was in overall faircondition and did not appear to be significantly altered from its condition as documented in the2002 HABS report prepared by PCR Services Corporation. 1 Although it had been altered overtime, the building retained significant character defining features on the exterior and interior. The
building exterior retains the majority of its plaster wall cladding, cast stone details, anddecorative tile work. Some of the tile work has been covered with an applied texture coating
and/or paint. A number of window and door openings had been filled including the large glazed
arched openings on the north and south façades. Several of the original windows remained inplace. The southwest corner of the ground-floor arcade had been enclosed, as had the north
portion of the second-floor loggia. A sloping roof, supported on wood posts, had been added
over the west exterior stair, and a secondary steel staircase had been added to the east façade.
The clay Mission tile roofing had been removed, as had the skylight roof monitors over the east
portion of the building. Most exterior lighting fixtures had been removed.
The building’s overall interior floor plan was substantially intact although there had been somealteration by removal of some partitions and finishes and the addition of others. On the groundfloor, the central two-story waiting room retained most of its decorative plaster cornice, as wellas the decorative plaster balcony at the west end of the room. Two plaster balconies on the east
wall had been removed, as had the textured plaster ceiling. Mezzanines had been constructedacross the north and south ends of the room. The former coffee shop retained most of its
decorative coffered ceiling and some plaster wall finishes, pilasters, and capitals. Most of theinterior finishes and details had been removed in the remaining ground floor interior spaces,
including the former kitchen, sandwich shop, barber, offices, and toilets.
The elaborate tiled staircase leading from the Waiting Room to the second floor was
substantially intact; the tiles had been painted over and a portion of the decorative wrought ironguardrail had been removed. The elaborate plaster arch over the stair remained intact. The
second-floor lounge showed signs of fire and water damage, but retained some decorative plasterdetailing and one original skylight. The textured plaster ceiling had been removed. The framingof the arched openings to the missing waiting room balconies remained intact, but the openings
had been filled. The former dining room was substantially intact and retained most of its highly
decorative plaster ceiling, beams, coffers, foliate screens, and distinctive stepped corbels. Fourdecorative columns and the decorative skylight panels had been removed. Ancillary service areas
had been almost completely altered and few details remained. Some office partitions in the west
section of the second floor had been removed, and additional office space was created byenclosing the two north bays of the loggia. The decorative wood beamed ceiling in the southwest
office remained intact, although the room’s plaster wall finish had been almost entirely removed.
The interiors of the third- and fourth-floor tower rooms remained substantially intact. The air
traffic control room at the tower’s top floor retained some plaster wall and ceiling finishes; allnavigation equipment had been removed. All plumbing fixtures and most electrical fixtures
1

PCR Services Corporation, Historic American Buildings Survey, Grand Central Air Terminal, HABS No. CA-2728,
February 2002.

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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and Statethroughout the building had been removed. A secondary interior staircase connecting the kitchen
to the preparation room had been removed, as had all interior doors and most exterior doors,
including the main entry doors.
2012-2015 Rehabilitation ProjectThe 2012-2015 Federal Rehabilitation Tax Credit project was done in compliance with theSecretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation. The project included:••••

The removal of incompatible additions and alterations;
A complete seismic retrofit;
Installation of new plumbing, mechanical, electrical, fire and life safety systems;
Construction of new interior office partitions, two stairs, an elevator, and a bridge acrossthe former waiting room to connect the east and west portions of the second floor.

With the exception of the bridge—a functional necessity—interior interventions were limited towhat had been the building’s back-of-house spaces: the former kitchen, service pantry,
administrative offices, and storefronts. These were also the spaces that had retained the least
amount of historic fabric. The building’s exterior and the principal historic public spaces—theformer waiting room, coffee shop, grand staircase, lounge, and restaurant—were restored to their
original appearance.
The building’s remaining steel casement windows were retained and repaired. New laminatedglazing was installed to improve energy efficiency without altering the windows’ historicappearance. Missing windows, including the large arched openings on the north and south
façades, were reconstructed to match the originals. Exterior and interior decorative tile wasrestored, with missing and severely damaged tiles replaced by new tiles custom made to replicate
the originals. Severely damaged and missing decorative cast stone and plaster features werereconstructed using molds from surviving intact originals. Where no originals remained, as in thecase of the dining room column capitals, replacements were made using archival photographs.
Archival photographs were also used to reconstruct historic light fixtures throughout thebuilding, the missing portion of the decorative wrought iron railing of the grand staircase, andthe paneled ticket counter in the former waiting room, which now serves as a bar for the event
space. A paint seriation analysis was conducted to determine and document the building’s
historic exterior and interior colors, which have now been restored. Exterior work also included
the installation of new clay tile roofing to match the original.
Site work included the demolition of a non-historic industrial building on the parcel locatedimmediately to the south of the Grand Central Air Terminal to create a large landscaped open
space and restore the view of the terminal building from Grand Central Avenue, which roughly
corresponds to the airport’s historic runway. Large letters cast into the concrete sidewalk spellout the words AIR TERMINAL, recalling a portion of the painted signage that once spelled out
GRAND CENTRAL AIR TERMINAL GLENDALE down the center of the runway.
Grand Central Air Terminal remains an excellent and rare example of its property type.

Section 7 page 9

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State

Character Defining Features
Exterior character defining features of Grand Central Air Terminal include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Circular driveway, central planter, concrete curb and steps, and vault;
Horizontal massing;
Asymmetrical facades;
Art Deco control tower;
Gable, shed, and hipped roofs clad in clay Mission tile;
Plaster wall cladding with applied cast stone decorative elements;
Arcades, loggia and balconies;
Exterior tiled staircase;
Decorative gable vents and pierced plaster grilles;
Divided light, steel sash casement windows;
Decorative exposed rafter tails at overhanging eaves and wood beamed ceilings at
arcades;
Decorative cement encaustic tile cladding.

Interior character defining features of Grand Central Air Terminal include:
•
•
•
•
•

General configuration and spatial relationships of the vestibule, former waiting room,
south arcade, coffee shop, grand staircase, lounge, and dining room;
Plaster wall and ceiling surfaces and decorative pilasters and moldings, including
decorative ceilings in the former coffee shop and dining room;
Tiled staircase;Interior balcony;
Beamed and paneled wood ceiling in former director’s office.

Integrity
Although there have been alterations to the property over time, Grand Central Air Terminal
retains six of the seven aspects of integrity.
•••

Location: Grand Central Air Terminal remains on its original site and therefore retains
integrity of location.
Design: The building retains significant character defining features of its original Spanish
Colonial Revival and Art Deco architecture, including asymmetrical composition,
horizontal massing, Art Deco control tower, gable roofs clad in clay Mission tile, stucco
wall cladding, cast stone decorative elements, cement encaustic tile cladding, arcades,
loggias, and steel sash casement windows. It therefore retains integrity of design.
Setting: The existing neighborhood of low- and mid-rise industrial and commercial
buildings does not reflect the property’s historic semi-rural, open setting. The property
does not retain integrity of setting.

Section 7 page 10

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State

•
•

•
•

Materials: Although there have been some alterations over time, Grand Central Air
Terminal retains the majority of its historic materials including stucco cladding, terra
cotta and cement tile, and cast stone decorative details. It retains integrity of materials.
Workmanship: Although there have been some alterations over time, Grand Central Air
Terminal reflects the physical evidence of period construction techniques with decorative
cast stone elements, cement encaustic tile, metal balustrades, and decorative plasterwork
including moldings, pilasters, and coffered ceilings. It retains integrity of workmanship.
Feeling: The building retains integrity of location, design, materials, and workmanship,
and therefore continues to convey its historic character as an early aviation development
and passenger facility. It retains integrity of feeling.
Association: The property retains integrity of location, design, materials, workmanship,
and feeling, which combine to convey its historic significance and important association
with early commercial air travel and aviation development. It retains integrity of
association.

Section 7 page 11

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State______________________________________________________________________________
8. Statement of SignificanceApplicable National Register Criteria(Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property for National Register
listing.)□
is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past.
□ B.C. Property
Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method ofor represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values,□ construction
or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lackX

A. Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to thebroad patterns of our history.

X

individual distinction.
has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important in prehistory or□ D. Property
history.
Criteria Considerations(Mark “x” in all the boxes that apply.)by a religious institution or used for religious purposes□ A.B. Owned□ Removed from its original location□ C. A birthplace or grave
D. A cemetery□ E. A reconstructed building, object, or structure□ F. A commemorative property□ G. Less than 50 years old or achieving significance within the past 50 years□

Section 8 page 12

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State

Areas of Significance(Enter categories from instructions.)
TRANSPORTATION_
ARCHITECTURE___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Period of SignificanceA: 1929-1959________
C: 1930________________________________
Significant Dates
1929_______________
1930__________________________________

Significant Person(Complete only if Criterion B is marked above.)
N/A______________________________________________________
Cultural Affiliation
N/A______________________________________________________
Architect/Builder
Gogerty, Henry L., FAIA______________________________________

Section 8 page 13

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State

Statement of Significance Summary Paragraph (Provide a summary paragraph that includes
level of significance, applicable criteria, justification for the period of significance, and any
applicable criteria considerations.)
Grand Central Air Terminal is eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places
under Criterion A at the state level of significance in the area of Transportation for its association
with aviation history. It is a rare, intact example of an early aviation passenger terminal andserves as a physical record of events that helped shape the development of air travel and theaviation industry in Southern California. This airport played a pivotal role in the development ofaviation and commercial air travel in Southern California, at a time when the state was a national
leader in fostering this nascent industry. Grand Central was the West Coast terminus of the first
regularly scheduled transcontinental commercial passenger air service, inaugurated in 1929, andis one of the best extant examples of an early airport passenger terminal building in the state.
Grand Central Air Terminal is also eligible under Criterion C at the state level of significance inthe area of Architecture, as an excellent and rare example of Spanish Colonial Revival
architecture, with Art Deco influences, applied to the design of an early airport terminal building.
It is one of only two remaining pre-World War II, Spanish Colonial Revival airport passenger
terminal buildings in California. 2 It is an outstanding example of the work of prominent Los
Angeles architect Henry L. Gogerty. The period of significance under Criterion A is 1929, theyear the terminal was dedicated, to 1959, the year the airport ceased operations. Under Criterion
C the period of significance is 1930, reflecting the date that construction of the entire terminalbuilding was completed.
______________________________________________________________________________
Narrative Statement of Significance (Provide at least one paragraph for each area ofsignificance.)
CRITERION A
Aviation History in Southern California
The aviation industry played a significant role in the growth and development of Southern
California in the early twentieth century, beginning just a few years after the Wright brothers’
first flight in 1903. The first plane built in Southern California was handcrafted by stunt pilot andairplane designer Glenn Martin in 1906 in Santa Ana. 3 In January 1910, the Los Angeles
Chamber of Commerce worked with aviation pioneers Glenn Curtiss, Charles Willard, and Roy
Knabenshue to coordinate the nation’s first air meet at Dominquez Field in the city of Carson.
The event was intentionally held in winter to showcase the region’s warm weather; it attracted
226,000 spectators and helped popularize the airplane. The popularity of the airplane grewquickly, and during World War I nearly 17,000 planes were constructed and 10,000 people
taught to fly nationwide. 4 This new mode of transportation was popularized by wealthy aviation
enthusiasts like film director Cecil B. DeMille, who established an airfield at Wilshire Boulevard
2

The other extant example is the historic terminal at Oakland International Airport, constructed in 1929.
Leonard Pitt and Dale Pitt, Los Angeles A to Z: An Encyclopedia of the City and County (Berkeley: University ofCalifornia Press, 1997), 8.
4“Theme: Aviation and Aerospace, 1911-1989,” Survey L.A. Historic Context Statement.
3

Section 8 page 14

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State

and Crescent Avenue (later Fairfax Avenue) in 1919. 5 Millionaire local businessman Leslie
Brand hosted the first “fly-in” in the history of aviation on April Fool’s Day, 1921, at the private
airfield on his Glendale estate. 6
Beginning in the 1920s aircraft companies established or relocated operations to Southern
California, which offered expanses of open, undeveloped land, favorable climatic conditions, andadequate infrastructure, including water, power, and transportation systems to support
development of factories, testing facilities, and new housing for a rapidly expanding workforce.
One of the first was Donald Douglas, Glenn Martin’s chief engineer, who formed his own
company in Santa Monica in 1920. 7 Growth of the aviation and aerospace industries in Los
Angeles County can be attributed primarily to civic boosterism through the efforts ofnewspapers, entertainment companies, and the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce, which
promoted the region’s natural advantages, including weather conducive to year-round flying, andoutdoor construction and maintenance of airplanes.
As aviation grew safer and became more familiar to the public, it began to develop from a hobby
for millionaires and barnstormers into a viable commercial enterprise. The 1925 Kelly Air Mail
Act stimulated growth in the private airline industry by shifting responsibility for mail delivery
from the Army Air Corps to private companies. The 1926 Air Commerce Act further legitimized
the industry by establishing the Department of Commerce Aeronautics Branch to create,
maintain, and chart airways; investigate and record causes of accidents; and make regulations
related to qualifications of pilots and safety of planes. 8 By the late 1920s a concerted effort wasunderway to establish a commercial municipal airport for the greater Los Angeles area. Several
sites were under consideration, including Dominguez Field, site of the first American air meet in
1910; Griffith Park, which had been functioning as a National Guard airbase; Mines Field in
Westchester, a farming tract that at the time was hampered by its distance from downtown Los
Angeles (and would ultimately become the site of Los Angeles International Airport); and theGlendale Municipal Airport. In 1928, Captain Charles A. Spicer, a former World War I fighter
pilot, formed a syndicate which purchased and expanded the Glendale Municipal Airport,settling the decision in Glendale’s favor.
City of Glendale
The town of Glendale, located seven miles north of downtown Los Angeles at the foot of the
Verdugo Hills, was founded in 1887 on land that had formerly been part of the Rancho San
Rafael, the second Spanish land grant in Alta California. The town developed as a citrus center
then languished in the depression of the 1890s. At the turn of the twentieth century, businessman
Leslie Combs Brand purchased 1,000 acres in the Verdugo foothills and convinced railroad
tycoon Henry Huntington to extend his Pacific Electric Railway line to Glendale from Los
Angeles. The streetcar line engendered tremendous population growth and significant
commercial and residential development in adjacent areas. Glendale incorporated in 1906 at the5“Theme: Aviation and Aerospace, 1911-1989,” Survey L.A. Historic Context Statement.
John Underwood, Grand Central Air Terminal (San Francisco: Arcadia Publishing, 2006), 12.
7
Pitt, Los Angeles, 8.
8“Theme: Aviation and Aerospace, 1911-1989,” Survey L.A. Historic Context Statement.
6

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National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and Stateinstigation of Brand, 9 who is often referred to as “The Father of Glendale.” An early aviation
enthusiast, Brand built an airstrip at his Glendale estate, El Miradero, in 1919, and in 1921
hosted the first “fly-in” in aviation history.
The city of Glendale experienced explosive growth during the regional population boom of the
1920s. Promoted as convenient to Los Angeles while boasting its own commercial, civic, andcultural institutions, Glendale’s population grew from 13,756 in 1920 to 62,736 in 1930. In 1925
Glendale proclaimed itself the “Fastest-Growing City in America.” This dramatic population
increase and rapid growth spurred the development of many new residential neighborhoods on
the outskirts of town. Real estate entrepreneurs capitalized on the desire for home ownership, andthe citrus orchards, vineyards, and country estates that had once characterized the area were
subdivided for development. 10
Glendale Municipal Airport Development History
In December of 1922 the Glendale City Council, convinced that aviation would become a majorindustry, allocated funds for the purchase of 33 acres near the Los Angeles River in order toestablish an airport. Corrugated metal hangars were constructed, and the Glendale Municipal
Airport opened on March 17, 1923 with an “air rodeo” that attracted participants and spectatorsfrom all over Southern California. The airport was soon purchased by a syndicate called theGlendale Airport Association, headed by aviation enthusiast and prominent local surgeon Dr.
Thomas C. Young. 11 From the start, the airport attracted renowned aviators such as Amelia
Earhart, Charles Lindbergh, Earl Daugherty, Leslie Tait-Cox, and Roscoe Turner, and became
the base of operations for aircraft designers and manufacturers such as the Kinner Airplane &Motor Corporation, which built biplanes for Earhart; and Waterhouse & Royer, whose Glendalebuilt Cruizair monoplane was the prototype for Lindbergh’s Spirit of St. Louis. 12
In 1928, Captain Charles A. Spicer, a former World War I fighter pilot, formed a syndicate
which purchased the Glendale Municipal Airport and expanded it to 175 acres, to serve as acommercial municipal airport for the greater Los Angeles area. A new concrete runway wasconstructed, which was 3,800 feet long and 100 feet wide. 13 Los Angeles architect Henry L.
Gogerty was retained to design a new passenger terminal building in the popular Spanish
Colonial Revival style. The passenger terminal included an Art Deco control tower, a spacious
waiting room, coffee shop, restaurant, and barbershop, as well as airport offices. The airport’s
name was changed to “Grand Central Air Terminal.” With the terminal building still underconstruction—only the central waiting room and south arcade had been completed—the new
airport was dedicated on February 22, 1929 with ceremonies attended by over 200 celebrities
including Wallace Beery (who flew in on his own plane), Gary Cooper, Dolores Del Rio, and9Adapted from Pitt, Los Angeles, 175.
Historic Resources Group, “Draft Historic Context,” City of Glendale Royal Boulevard Historic Resources
Survey, 2008, 4.
11
Underwood, Madcaps, 23.
12
Underwood, Madcaps, 23-28.
13
Underwood, Madcaps, 45.
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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State

Jean Harlow, and at least12,000 spectators. 14 Shortly thereafter, the Spicer syndicate sold the
airport to the Curtiss Airport Corporation, which had been purchasing airports throughout theUnited States. In June of that year Curtiss merged with the Wright Company and became theCurtiss-Wright Flying Service. 15
In 1928, the newly formed Transcontinental Air Transport (TAT) announced plans to inaugurate
the first regularly scheduled transcontinental commercial passenger air service between New
York and Los Angeles, using airplanes by day and trains at night. Charles Lindbergh, the head of
TAT’s technical committee, selected Grand Central Air Terminal as the service’s western
terminus. 16 TAT’s first eastbound flight from Glendale began on July 8, 1929, with Charles
Lindbergh piloting the first leg of the 48-hour flight. Among the passengers were film stars Mary
Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. 17 Within a few years Grand Central had become the West
Coast base of a number of airlines, including TAT (which would soon merge with Western Air
Express to form Transcontinental & Western Air, Inc., later known as Trans World Airlines orTWA), Maddux, Pickwick, Century-Pacific, PanAm, and American, establishing itself as theprimary airport in Southern California providing scheduled commercial passenger service to the
public in the 1930s. 18
Glendale continued as a center of aviation training and technology through the 1930s. In 1931
Curtiss-Wright opened a technical institute as an aviation trade center to complement its otheruses on the site. The Curtiss-Wright Technical Institute occupied a corner of the Air Terminalbuilding. In 1932 Joe Plosser, a Century-Pacific pilot, was invited to form the Grand Central
Flight School, which operated out of a small building at the northwest corner of the property that
became known as “Plosserville.” 19 Douglas Aircraft’s DC-1, built for TWA, debuted at Grand
Central in 1933, 20 and in 1934 Howard Hughes rented a garage a few blocks from the airport toserve as the engineering department of what would become the Hughes Aircraft Company.
Hughes’ first plane, the Model A, was built and stored in a Grand Central hanger. 21 That same
year, the Technical Institute’s director, Major Corliss C. “Mose” Moseley, leased the entire
airport from Curtiss-Wright and formed Aircraft Industries, Inc., an authorized service, sales, anddistribution agent for several aircraft manufacturers. 22
In addition to its role as a center of the aviation industry in California, Grand Central Air
Terminal in the 1930s was an integral part of the film industry, thereby extending to the terminal
the cachet associated with Hollywood and motion pictures. The airport first attracted theburgeoning Hollywood film industry with the arrival of brothers Royal and Octavius Wilson,
14“All Sky Roads Lead To Glendale’s Airport – The Gateway To Sunny Southland,” Glendale News-Press, January
1, 1931, 12.
15
Underwood, Madcaps, 45.
16
Underwood, Madcaps, 45-46.
17“Prominent Guests At Inauguration Of Air-Rail System,” Glendale News-Press, July 8, 1929.
18
Underwood, Madcaps, 49-55.
19
Underwood, Grand Central, 83. This building has been demolished.
20
Underwood, Madcaps, 67.
21
Underwood, Madcaps, 79.
22Underwood, Madcaps, 131.

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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State

stunt flyers specializing in motion picture work, who set up shop at the Glendale airport in 1927.
A large proportion of films at that time featured flying scenes, and the Wilson brothers got mostof the work, with Royal piloting most of the stunt flights and Octavius flying the accompanying
camera plane. 23 As evidenced by Grand Central Air Terminal’s dedication ceremonies, whichdrew over 200 celebrities, the new mode of transportation made the airport a favorite departureand arrival point of film stars and studio moguls including Mary Astor, Clark Gable, Howard
Hughes, Alexander Korda, and Jack Warner. Due to its proximity to studios in Hollywood andBurbank the terminal also became a popular venue for location filming through the 1930s. It wasfeatured in several films including Central Airport (1933) directed by William Wellman, BrightEyes (1934) starring Shirley Temple, Hats Off (1937) with John Payne, Hollywood Hotel (1937)
starring Dick Powell, Sky Giant (1938) with Joan Fontaine, 24 and Five Came Back (1939)
starring Lucille Ball. 25
By the late 1930s the inevitability of another European war was obvious, as was the inadequacyof the underfunded U.S. Air Corps to meet the challenge. Major General Henry A. “Hap” Arnold
conceived a plan to contract with selected civilian aviation schools to train cadet pilots for the
Army and Navy. On July 1, 1939 the first class of cadets reported for training at nine schools
around the country; 35 of them reported to the Grand Central Flight School for the six-weekprogram. 26 With the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Grand Central Air
Terminal became an armed camp. The buildings and runway were painted in camouflage toserve as the headquarters of the 318th Fighter Wing, responsible for the operational training of
Lockheed P-38 pilots. Because the big P-38 required a longer runway, Grand Central’s runway
was extended 1,200 feet by closing Sonora Avenue and paving an extension to Western
Avenue. 27 Over the next four years Grand Central played a significant role in the war effort as
the training facility for thousands of combat pilots and airplane mechanics. In 1944, with the endof the war in sight, “Mose” Mosley purchased Grand Central Air Terminal outright. Aircraft
Industries, Inc. became the Grand Central Airport (later Aircraft) Company, while the CurtissWright Institute became the Cal-Aero Technical Institute. 28
During the war the Los Angeles Department of Airports was able to secure commitments fromthe major American commercial airlines 29 to relocate after the war to Los Angeles Municipal
Airport (formerly Mines Field) with the implementation of a master plan for improvements tothat facility. The plan included expansion of the airfield and construction of new terminals andadministration buildings. Voters approved a bond measure to fund the improvements in 1945,
and by 1947 six major airlines had moved to Westchester. In 1949, the Los Angeles Municipal
Airport was officially named “Los Angeles International Airport” after the Civil Aeronautics
23

Underwood, Madcaps, 31-32.
City of Glendale, “Runway to the Stars,” Grand Central Air Terminal Glendale,
www.ci.glendale.ca.us/GCATG/pages/influential/pages/runway_on_location.htm (accessed November 8, 2012).
25
Helen Gao, “Where Flying ‘Fad’ Took Off: Glendale Site Lifted Aviation to Heights,” Daily News, May 13, 2002.
26
Underwood, Grand Central, 93-94.
27
Underwood, Grand Central, 105.
28
Underwood, Madcaps, 132.
29
United Airlines, TWA, Western Air, American Airlines, and Pan American Airways.
24

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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State

Administration determined the airport suitable for international, intercontinental, and non-stop
domestic flights.
Grand Central Air Terminal’s runway extension was eliminated in 1947 when the City reopened
Sonora Avenue, making the airport a Class II facility sufficient only for small private planes.
Cal-Aero’s contracts for the training of Air Force mechanics, which had been extended with theoutbreak of the Korean War, expired in 1952 and the school closed its doors at the end of the1954 term. 30 Grand Central Aircraft closed its doors in 1959 31 and the property was subsequently
subdivided as an industrial park. The Terminal building was used primarily as an office building
until 1991, and was purchased by the Walt Disney Company in 1997.
Grand Central Air Terminal is one of the oldest and best of the few extant examples of early
airport passenger terminal buildings in California. Of these only two are direct contemporaries ofGrand Central: the historic terminal at Oakland International Airport, constructed in 1929, andthe former United Airport Terminal Building at Burbank Bob Hope Airport, completed in 1930.
The Oakland terminal was the first to offer flights to and from the Hawai’ian Islands, and was
the departure point for Amelia Earhart’s ill-fated around-the-world flight attempt in 1937. 32 The
Burbank terminal building was substantially altered beginning in 1966 and no longer retains thecharacter defining features of its original Spanish Colonial Revival design.
Grand Central Air Terminal is a rare physical record of the events that helped shape thedevelopment of air travel and the aviation industry in Southern California. The airport played apivotal role in the development of aviation and commercial air travel in Southern California, at atime when the state was a national leader in fostering this nascent industry, and it was the West
Coast terminus of the first regularly scheduled transcontinental commercial passenger air service,
inaugurated in 1929.
CRITERION C
Spanish Colonial Revival Architecture 33
Grand Central Air Terminal is an excellent example of Spanish Colonial Revival architecturewith Art Deco details applied to an institutional building. The Spanish Colonial Revival styleattained widespread popularity throughout Southern California following the 1915 PanamaCalifornia Exposition in San Diego, which was housed in a series of buildings designed by chiefarchitect Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue in the late Baroque Churrigueresque style of Spain and
Mexico. The Churrigueresque style, with areas of intricate ornamentation juxtaposed against
plain stucco wall surfaces and accented with towers and domes, lent itself to monumental public
30

Underwood, Grand Central, 112.
Underwood, Grand Central, 120.
32
Oakland International Airport, December 8, 2004, Business Jet Center Moves Into Newly Renovated Facility at
OAK [press release], retrieved from www.oaklandairport.com/business-jet-center-moves-into-newly-renovatedfacility-at-oak/.
33
City of Los Angeles, Department of City Planning, “Context: Architecture and Engineering; Theme:
Mediterranean/Northern European, 1887-1952,” in SurveyLA Historic Context Statement, May 2010.
31

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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State

edifices, churches and exuberant commercial buildings and theaters, and was less suited toresidential or smaller scale commercial architecture; for that, architects drew inspiration fromprovincial Spain, particularly the arid southern region of Andalusia. The resulting style, based on
the appearance of adobe construction with stucco-clad volumes arranged around patios, lowpitched tile roofs, and spreading, horizontal orientation, was a deliberate attempt to develop a“native” architectural style suited to the climate and lifestyle of California.
The popularity of the Spanish Colonial Revival style extended across nearly all property types,
including a range of residential, commercial, and institutional buildings, and coincided with
Southern California’s population boom of the 1920s, with the result that large expanses of Los
Angeles and surrounding cities were developed in the style. It shaped the region’s expansion fornearly two decades, reaching a highpoint in 1929 and tapering off through the 1930s as the Great
Depression gradually took hold, finally falling out of favor in the early 1940s with the cessationof most private development due to World War II. Like other revival styles, Spanish Colonial
Revival was often simplified, reduced to its signature elements or combined with the emerging
Art Deco and Moderne styles, a trend exemplified early on by Grand Central Air Terminal in
Glendale and later by Union Station in Los Angeles. 34
Art Deco Architecture
The design of Grand Central Air Terminal incorporates a number of Art Deco influences. Art
Deco originated in France in the 1910s as an experimental movement in architecture and thedecorative arts. It developed into a major style when it was first exhibited in Paris at the 1925
Exposition Internationale des Arts Decoratifs et Industriels Modernes, from which it takes its
name. The Exposition’s organizers had insisted on the creation of a new, modern aesthetic. The
architecture of the Art Deco movement rejected the rigid organizational methods and classicalornamentation of the Beaux Arts style. It emphasized a soaring verticality through the use of
stepped towers, spires, and fluted or reeded piers, and embraced highly stylized geometric, floral,
and figurative motifs as decorative elements on both the exterior and interior. Floral andgeometric patterns, glazed terra cotta tiles, bright colors, and ornate metalwork, especially inaluminum, were hallmarks of the style.
Art Deco was the first popular style in the United States that consciously rejected historicalprecedents. It was instead a product of the Machine Age and took its inspiration from industry
and transportation. It was only briefly popular, from the late 1920s until the mid-1930s, and was
employed primarily in large-scale commercial, institutional, and multi-family residentialbuildings. It was rarely used for single-family residences. By the mid-1930s, in the depths of theGreat Depression, the highly decorated style was already viewed as garish and overwrought andwas soon abandoned in favor of the cleaner, simpler Streamline Moderne style.
Grand Central Air Terminal is an excellent example of the Spanish Colonial Revival style, and isa rare example that includes significant Art Deco characteristics. It is an excellent representativeof an early “simple” airport terminal design, which drew upon architectural forms previously
34

John and Donald Parkinson et al., 1934-1939.

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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and Stateestablished for building types associated with railroad transportation. The facility projected theimage of a suburban railway station in both design and name, thus providing continuity in thephysical manifestation of one of California’s most important contexts, transportation andaviation. Grand Central Air Terminal includes significant character defining features of the
Spanish Colonial Revival style as applied to institutional buildings, including: stucco exterior
walls; low-pitched gable, hipped and/or flat roofs clad in clay tile; single- and multi-paned
windows; secondary materials including wood, wrought iron, polychromatic tile, and cast stone;
towers and turrets; shaped wood rafter tails at the eaves; arched openings; window grilles;
occasional use of embellished door and window surrounds; corbelled overhangs; andasymmetrical façade design. It also incorporates a number of character defining features of Art
Deco style architecture including the vertical emphasis of the air traffic control tower; stylized
floral and figurative elements, and geometric decorative motifs such as zigzags and chevrons, incast stone and plaster; and decorative metal balustrades and grilles.
Henry L. Gogerty FAIA
Grand Central Air Terminal was designed by Henry L. Gogerty FAIA, a prolific and versatile
Los Angeles architect who worked for decades in both the entertainment and aviation sectors. A
native of Zearing, Iowa, Gogerty received a classical Beaux Arts education, earning hisbachelor’s degree in architecture and engineering from the University of Illinois in 1917 and a
special certificate of architecture from the University of Southern California. 35 Gogerty arrived
in Southern California in 1923, and by 1925 had begun an association with architect Carl Julius
Weyl. Together Gogerty and Weyl designed an important grouping of ornate Spanish Colonial
Revival commercial buildings on Hollywood Boulevard including the Baine Building (1926), thePalace Theater (1926), and Hollywood Toys (1927). These buildings, with their Churrigueresqueornamentation, wrought iron grillwork and balconies, courtyard patios, Moorish arches, anddecorative colonettes, create a sophisticated yet relaxed, upscale shopping and entertainment
district, and demonstrate Gogerty’s strong technical skills and painstaking attention to the detailsof period revival styles. 36
Gogerty parted ways with Weyl in 1928 and soon thereafter began work on Grand Central Air
Terminal. Grand Central Air Terminal received national attention as soon as it was completed,with features in Architect and Engineer in November 1930 and Architectural Forum in
December 1930. In the 1930s, Gogerty designed a number of schools, libraries, and commercial
buildings, and in 1941 he participated on a team of architects appointed to design a newadministration building for the proposed Los Angeles International Airport. 37 Gogerty wasrecognized as an innovator in aviation buildings for his designs for the Hughes Aircraft
Company facilities in Playa Vista and Fullerton. From 1941 to 1953, as Hughes Aircraft
developed into a major defense contractor and developer of electronics applications for the35

Pacific Coast Architecture Database, “Gogerty, Henry,”
http://www.digital.lib.washington.edu/architect/architects/1414/
36
Hollywood Boulevard Commercial/Community District National Register of Historic Places InventoryNomination Form, 1980.
37
The Gogerty design for the Los Angeles International Airport was abandoned with the entrance of the UnitedStates into World War II.

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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State

aerospace and defense industries, Gogerty designed a number of buildings at the Playa Vista site
including offices, engineering buildings, research and development buildings, and large
manufacturing spaces including the massive cargo plane assembly buildings where Hughes
constructed the Spruce Goose, a prototype World War II flying transport built entirely of wood. 38
Gogerty was nationally recognized for his designs for more than 350 schools, including his
design and development of a gliding acoustical wall which provided flexible classroom
configurations. The design was awarded a national achievement award from the American
Institute of Architects. In later years Gogerty designed and operated the Desert Air Hotel andPalm Desert Airpark in Rancho Mirage. 39 Gogerty was awarded Fellowship in the American
Institute of Architects in 1953 40 and was professionally active until his death in 1990 at the ageof 96. 41 In addition to his National Register-eligible works in the Hollywood Boulevard
Commercial District, a number of Gogerty’s buildings at the Hughes Aircraft site in Playa Vista
were determined eligible for listing in the National Register in 1991, 42 and his1932 Fern Avenue
School in Torrance was listed in the National Register in 1992. 43
Grand Central Air Terminal is an excellent and rare surviving example of Spanish Colonial
Revival architecture, with Art Deco influences, applied to the design of an early airport
passenger terminal. It was designed by one of the most prominent and prolific architects of earlytwentieth century Los Angeles. The building retains significant exterior and interior character
defining features of the Spanish Colonial Revival and Art Deco styles including smooth stucco
and plaster wall surfaces; arcades and balconies; divided light casement windows; decorative
features in cast stone, plaster, wood, metal, and tile; stylized floral and figurative elements; andgeometric decorative motifs such as zigzags and chevrons.

38“Henry L. Gogerty,” Los Angeles Times.
“Henry L. Gogerty,” Los Angeles Times.
40
Pacific Coast Architecture Database.
41“Henry L. Gogerty; Architect Who Designed Gliding Classroom Walls,” Los Angeles Times, April 6, 1990.
42
Historic Resources Group, Hughes Industrial Historic District Historic Treatment Plan, Volume 1, 1998, 2.
43
National Park Service, “National Register of Historic Places,” nps.gov.
39

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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State_________________________________________________________________________
9. Major Bibliographical References
Bibliography (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form.)“All Sky Roads Lead To Glendale’s Airport – The Gateway To Sunny Southland.” Glendale News-Press,
January 1, 1931, 12.
City of Glendale. “Runway to the Stars.” Grand Central Air Terminal, Glendale,
http://www.ci.glendale.ca.us/GCATC/pages/influential/pages/runway_on_location.htm (accessed
November 8, 2012).
City of Los Angeles, Department of City Planning. “Context: Architecture and Engineering; Theme:
Mediterranean/Northern European, 1887-1952,” in SurveyLA: Los Angeles Historic Resources Survey
Project, Draft Historic Context Statement, 2010.
________. “Context: Industrial Development; Theme: Aviation and Aerospace, 1911-1989,” inSurveyLA: Los Angeles Historic Resources Survey Project, Draft Historic Context Statement, 2011.
Gao, Helen. “Where Flying ‘Fad’ Took Off: Glendale Site Lifted Aviation to Heights.” Daily News, May
13, 2002.
“Gogerty, Henry.” Pacific Coast Architecture Database,
http://www.digital.lib.washington.edu/architect/architects/1414/ (accessed November 2012).
“Henry L. Gogerty; Architect Who Designed Gliding Classroom Walls.” Los Angeles Times, April 6,
1990.
Historic Resources Group. “Draft Historic Context,” in City of Glendale, Royal Boulevard Historic
Resources Survey, 2008.
________. “Hughes Industrial District Historic Treatment Plan,” Volume 1, 1998.
“Hollywood Boulevard Commercial/Community District, National Register of Historic Places InventoryNomination Form.” Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, 1980.
Oakland International Airport. (December 8, 20014). Business Jet Center Moves Into Newly RenovatedFacility at OAK [Press release]. Retrieved from www.oaklandairport.com/business-jet-center-movesinto-newly-renovated-facility-at-oak/.
PCR Services Corporation. “Historic American Buildings Survey, Grand Central Air Terminal, HABS
No. CA-27-28,” February 2002.
Pitt, Leonard, and Dale Pitt. Los Angeles A to Z: An Encyclopedia of the City and County. Berkeley, CA:
University of California Press, 1997.
“Prominent Guests At Inauguration Of Air-Rail System.” Glendale News-Press, July 8, 1929.
Underwood, John. Grand Central Air Terminal. San Francisco, CA: Arcadia Publishing, 2006.

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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State___________________________________________________________

Previous documentation on file (NPS):_X__ preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) has been requested____ previously listed in the National Register____ previously determined eligible by the National Register____ designated a National Historic Landmark_X__ recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey # CA-2728_______ recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # ______________ recorded by Historic American Landscape Survey # ___________
Primary location of additional data:____ State Historic Preservation Office____ Other State agency____ Federal agency____ Local government____ University_X_ Other
Name of repository:
Glendale Public Library, Special Collections; California State
Library Archives; Los Angeles Public Library
Historic Resources Survey Number (if assigned): _____________________________________________________________________________________________

10. Geographical Data
Acreage of Property __1.4 acres_____
Latitude/Longitude Coordinates (decimal degrees)
Datum if other than WGS84:__________(enter coordinates to 6 decimal places)

1. Latitude: 34.162966

Longitude: -118.286680

Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property.)
TR=Parcel Map as per BK 83 P 50 to 61 of P M Lot 15
Los Angeles County Assessor Identification Number 5627-023-021
Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected.)
The boundary description represents the parcel that includes the historic terminal building,circular driveway, and electrical vault associated with Grand Central Air Terminal. The
remaining acreage of the former airport property has been excluded because it has been
subdivided and developed into an industrial park, and therefore does not retain integrity.

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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State______________________________________________________________________________
11. Form Prepared By
name/title: John LoCascio, AIA, Senior Architect___________________________________
organization: Historic Resources Group___________________________________________
street & number: 12 S. Fair Oaks Avenue, Suite 200_________________________________
city or town: __Pasadena___ state: ___California_____ zip code:____91105-1915______
e-mail_ john@historicresourcesgroup.com
telephone:_626-793-2400 x109
date:_09/01/2016_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Additional Documentation
Submit the following items with the completed form:• Maps: A USGS map or equivalent (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's
location.
• Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous
resources. Key all photographs to this map.
• Additional items: (Check with the SHPO, TPO, or FPO for any additional items.)
Photographs
Submit clear and descriptive photographs. The size of each image must be 1600x1200 pixels(minimum), 3000x2000 preferred, at 300 ppi (pixels per inch) or larger. Key all photographs
to the sketch map. Each photograph must be numbered and that number must correspond to
the photograph number on the photo log. For simplicity, the name of the photographer, photodate, etc. may be listed once on the photograph log and doesn’t need to be labeled on every
photograph.
Photo Log
Name of Property:
City or Vicinity:
County:State:
Photographers:
Date Photographed:Grand Central Air Terminal
Glendale
Los Angeles
California
John LoCascio; Paul Turang
January 2016 (LoCascio); June 2016 (Turang)

Description of Photograph(s) and number, include description of view indicating direction ofcamera:1 of 22

Exterior, general site and setting, aerial view looking northwest (June 2016)

2 of 22

Exterior, north façade, view looking southeast (January 2016)

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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State

3 of 22

Exterior, west façade, circular drive and electrical vault, view looking southeast(January 2016)

4 of 22

Exterior, west façade, view looking southeast (June 2016)

5 of 22

Exterior, west and south façades, view looking northeast (June 2016)

6 of 22

Exterior, detail of air traffic control tower, view looking northeast (January 2016)7 of 22

Exterior, south façade, view looking northwest (January 2016)8 of 22

Exterior, east façade, view looking northwest (January 2016)9 of 22

Exterior, south façade, concourse and lawn, view looking northwest (June 2016)10 of 22

Exterior, west arcade, view looking south (January 2016)11 of 22

Interior, first floor, former waiting room, view looking northeast (June 2016)12 of 22

Interior, first floor, former waiting room, staircase, view looking east (June 2016)13 of 22

Interior, first floor, former coffee shop, view looking northeast (June 2016)14 of 22

Interior, first floor, former coffee shop, view looing southeast (January 2016)15 of 22

Interior, second floor, former lounge, view looking southwest (June 2016)16 of 22

Interior, second floor, former lounge, view looking north (June 2016)17 of 22

Interior, second floor, former restaurant, view looking southeast (June 2016)18 of 22

Interior, second floor, former waiting room from new bridge, view looking
southeast (June 2016)19 of 22

Interior, second floor, former administrator’s office, view looking southwest(January 2016)20 of 22

Interior, third floor, control tower, view looking northwest (January 2016)21 of 22

Interior, fourth floor, control tower, view looking northeast (January 2016)22 of 22

Interior, fifth floor, control tower, view looking southeast (January 2016)

Sections 9-end page 26

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State

Figure 1 Location Map

GRAND CENTRAL AIR TE'RMII NAL
1310 Air Way, Glendale. C:A 91201
1

Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic
Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Responseto this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C.460
et seq.).
Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 100 hours per response includingtime for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding
this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Office of Planning and Performance Management. U.S. Dept. of the Interior,1849 C. Street, NW, Washington, DC.

Sections 9-end page 27

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State

Figure 2 Sketch Map/Photo Key-Site Plan

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SITE P~~GRAND CENTRAL AIR TERM\
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PHOTO K EY FOR NATIONAL REGISTER

Sections 9-end page 28

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State

Figure 3 Sketch Map/Photo Key-First Floor

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PHOTO KEY FOR NATIONAL REGISTER

Sections 9-end page 29

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State

Figure 4 Sketch Map/Photo Key-Second Floor

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PHOTO KEY FOR NATIONAL REGISTER

Figure 5 Sketch Map/Photo Key-Tower Floors
PHOTO KEY FORGRANO CENTRAL AIR TEFtMINAJ:.
LEVEL 3 - TOWER Fl.OOR ~0

GRANO CENTRAL Am TERMINALLEVEi. 4 - TOWER FLOOR I>~

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Sections 9-end page 30

ATIONAL RE.GlSTERGRANO C ENTRAL AIR TER! ,1IN4i r:7
LEVEL S - TOWER. fLOOR.

111:.":~

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State

Figure 6 Exterior, north and west façades, view looking southeast, c. 1930
Source: California State Library Archives

Figure 7 Exterior, west façade, view looking southeast, c. 1930
Source: California State Library Archives

Sections 9-end page 31

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State

Figure 8 Exterior, south façade, view looking northeast, c. 1930
Source: California State Library Archives

Figure 9 Interior, waiting room staircase, view looking southeast, c. 1930
Source: California State Library Archives

Sections 9-end page 32

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State

Figure 10 Interior, waiting room ticket counter, view looking southwest, c. 1930
Source: California State Library Archives

Figure 11 Interior, coffee shop, view looking west, c. 1930
Source: California State Library Archives

Sections 9-end page 33

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State

Figure 12 Interior, second-floor lounge, view looking south, c. 1930
Source: Los Angeles Public Library

Figure 13 Interior, restaurant, view looking northwest, c. 1930
Source: California State Library Archives

Sections 9-end page 34

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State

Figure 14 Exterior, aerial view looking southwest, 1932
Source: Abandoned and Little-Known Airfields, www.airfields-freeman.com

Figure 15 Shirley Temple and James Dunn at Grand Central Air Terminal, Bright Eyes, 1934
Source: City of Glendale

Sections 9-end page 35

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State

Figure 16 Exterior, north façade, view looking southwest, 1937
Source: Bison Archives

Figure 17 Exterior, west façade, circular drive and vault, view looking northeast, 1937
Source: Bison Archives

Sections 9-end page 36

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State

Figure 18 Exterior, south façade, view looking north, 1930s
Source: City of Glendale

Figure 19 Interior, Curtiss-Wright drafting room in former restaurant, view looking east, 1940
Source: City of Glendale

Sections 9-end page 37

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration FormNPS Form 10-900

OMB No. 1024-0018

Grand Central Air Terminal

Los Angeles, California

Name of Property

County and State

Figure 20 Exterior, south façade in wartime camouflage, view looking northwest, 1942
Source: Abandoned and Little-Known Airfields, www.airfields-freeman.com

Figure 21 Exterior, aerial view looking southeast, 1949
Source: Bison Archives

Sections 9-end page 3811111111111111111

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORNATIONAL PARK SERVICENATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACESEVALUATION/RETURN SHEET

Requested Action:

Nomination

Property Name:Grand Central Air Terminal

Multiple Name:
State & County:

CALIFORNIA, Los Angeles

Date Received:
2/10/2017

Date of Pending List:

Reference number:

SG100000780

Nominator:

State

Date of 16th Day: Date of 45th Day: Date of Weekly List:
3/27/2017

Reason For Review:_AppealJtPDIL

Text/Data Issue_ SHPO Request

_

Photo

Landscape_

WaiverNational

Resubmission

Mobile Resource

Other

TCP

Map/Boundary
Period_Less than 50 years

CLG

X

AcceptReturn_ _ Reject

3/27/2017

Date

Abstract/Summary
Comments:

The Grand Central Air Terminal is significant under National Register Criteria A and C in theareas of Transportation and Architecture. The two-story airport terminal, with its prominent
five-story control tower, was built in 1929-1930, and served as the terminus of the first
regularly scheduled transcontinental commercial passenger service and became a focal
point of Southern California's budding aviation industry. The stucco and ceramic tile clad,
steel-framed structure is an excellent example of Spanish Colonial Revival-style design withArt Deco decorative elements, by prominent L.A. architect Henry L. Gogerty. The building,despite loss of setting, remains one of the best extant examples of airport passenger
terminal design from the early era of commercial aviation in California.

Recommendation/
Criteria

Accept NR Criteria A and C.

Reviewer

Paul Lusignan

Discipline

Historian

Telephone(202)354-2229

Date

3/27/2017

DOCUMENTATION:

see attached comments : No

see attached SLR : No

Grand Central Air Terminal
Glendale, Los Angeles County
Staff Report
Grand Central Air Terminal is located at 1310 Air Way, between Grandview Avenue andSonora Avenue, in the City of Glendale. The property includes one building and one structure.
The building is a two-story airport terminal building with an attached, five-story air traffic control
tower. The structure is an adjacent semi-subterranean electrical vault. The terminal building isconstructed of a structural steel skeleton and masonry infill exterior walls finished with stucco,
ceramic tile, and cast stone. The terminal was designed by Los Angeles architect Henry L.
Gogerty in the Spanish Colonial Revival style, with an Art Deco air traffic control tower andinterior decorative features. The terminal building was put into service in 1929 while still underconstruction; construction was completed in 1930. The building retains integrity of location,
design, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association.
Grand Central Air Terminal is eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places
under Criterion A at the state level of significance in the area of Transportation for its
association with aviation history. It is a rare, intact example of an early aviation passenger
terminal and serves as a physical record of events that helped shape the development of air
travel and the aviation industry in Southern California. This airport played a pivotal role in thedevelopment of aviation and commercial air travel in Southern California, at a time when thestate was a national leader in fostering this nascent industry. Grand Central was the West
Coast terminus of the first regularly scheduled transcontinental commercial passenger air
service, inaugurated in 1929, and is one of the best extant examples of an early airport
passenger terminal building in the state. Grand Central Air Terminal is also eligible underCriterion C at the state level of significance in the area of Architecture, as an excellent and rareexample of Spanish Colonial Revival architecture, with Art Deco influences, applied to thedesign of an early airport terminal building. It is one of only two remaining pre-World War II,
Spanish Colonial Revival airport passenger terminal buildings in California. It is an outstanding
example of the work of prominent Los Angeles architect Henry L. Gogerty. The period ofsignificance under Criterion A is 1929, the year the terminal was dedicated, to 1959, the year
the airport ceased operations. Under Criterion C the period of significance is 1930, reflecting
the date that construction of the entire terminal building was completed.
The property is nominated on behalf of the owner. A Federal Historic Preservation Tax
Incentives Historic Preservation Certification Application Part 3 (Certification of CompletedWork) was approved by the National Park Service on June 24, 2016 for rehabilitation thatmeets The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards. The City of Glendale, a Certified Local
Government, submitted a letter of support. Staff supports the nomination as written andrecommends the State Historical Resources Commission determine Grand Central Air
Terminal is eligible under National Register Criteria A and C at the state level of significancewith a 1929 to 1959 period of significance. Staff recommends the State Historic Preservation
Officer approve the nomination for forwarding to the National Park Service for listing on the
National Register.
Amy H. Crain
State Historian II
January 23, 2017

City of Glendale
Community Development
Planning & Neighborhood Services

633 E. Broadway, Room 103
Glendale, CA 91206-4311

Tel 818.548.2140Tel 818.548.2115
Fax 818 .240.0392 ci.glendale.ca.us

January 20, 2017
Julianne Polanco
State Historic Preservation Officer
Office of Historic Preservation
1725 23 rd Street, Suite 100
Sacramento, CA 95816-7100

Dear Ms. Polanco:
The City of Glendale is pleased to offer its strongest support for the pending nomination of Grand
Central Air Terminal (GCAT) to the National Register of Historic Places. We are proud of our historic role
as home to the first commercial airport in Greater Los Angeles, with GCAT being one of the only tangible
remnants of Glendale's important contributions to the nation's aviation history. Its recent rehabilitationby the Walt Disney Company is one of our city's greatest preservation success stories.
Though identified as one of the city's key historic sites in our 1977 Preservation Element, and listed on
our local register since 1997, the privately owned building stood in rough condition for far too long. As
part of the city's partnership with the Walt Disney Company in the creation of the surrounding Grand
Central. Business Center, we included the building's nomination to the National Register as part of thedevelopment agreement we entered into in 2000. Disney has not only followed through on thatcommitment with the nomination under consideration, but exceeded all expectations with its justcompleted rehabilitation project. From the deep research and forensic investigations performed by the
project team, led by John Berley of Frederick Fisher Partners in consultation with Historic ResourcesGroup, to the cutting edge seismic upgrade, to the careful restoration of intact features andreconstruction of missing ones - this was a first-class project all the way! The final product has
generated a lot of interest and pride among community members and thrilled aviation buffs around thecountry.
Yesterday, the Glendale Historic Preservation Commission reviewed the National Register nominationand voted unanimously, and enthusiastically, that the City support the nomination. As City Manager, I
wholeheartedly agree and ask that the State Historic Resources Commission join us in recommending
Grand Central Air Terminal to its well-deserved place on the National Register.
Thank you for the oppo . unity to comment on this nomination.

7

Sincerely, ··City Manager

STATE OF CALIFORNIA-THE RESOURCES AGENCYEDMUND G. BROWN, JR,, Governor

OFFICE OF HISTORIC PRESERVATIONDEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION
1725 23 rd Street, Suite 1oo
SACRAMENTO, CA 95816-7100(916) 445-7000 Fax: (916) 445-7053
calshpo@parks.ca.gov
www.ohp.parks.ca.gov

February 7, 2017
J. Paul Loether, Deputy Keeper and Chief
National Register and National Historic Landmark Programs
National Register of Historic Places1201 Eye St. NW, 8th Fl.
Washington D.C . 20005
Subject:

Grand Central Air Terminal
Los Angeles County, California
National Register of Historic Places Nomination

Dear Mr. Loether:
The enclosed disk contains the true and correct copy of the nomination for the
GRAND CENTRAL AIR TERMINAL to the National Register of Historic Places. On
February 3, 2017 in Sacramento, California, the California State Historical Resources
Commission unanimously found the property eligible for the National Register at the statelevel of significance under Criteria A and C with a period of significance 1929 to 1959.
Grand Central Air Terminal is eligible under Criterion A in the area of Transportation for its
association with aviation history. It is a rare, intact example of an early aviation passenger
terminal and serves as a physical record of events that helped shape the development of
air travel and the aviation industry in Southern California. Grand Central is also eligible
under Criterion C in the area of Architecture, as an excellent and rare example of Spanish
Colonial Revival architecture, with Art Deco influences, applied to the design of an early
airport terminal building. It is an outstanding example of the work of prominent Los
Angeles architect Henry L. Gogerty. The period of significance under Criterion A is 1929,
the year the terminal was dedicated, to 1959, the year the airport ceased operations.
Under Criterion C the period of significance is 1930, reflecting construction completion.
The property is nominated on behalf of the owner. A Federal Historic Preservation Tax
Incentives Historic Preservation Certification Application Part 3 (Certification of CompletedWork) was approved by the National Park Service on June 24, 2016 for rehabilitation thatmeets The Secretary of the Interior's Standards. The City of Glendale, a Certified Local
Government, submitted a letter of support. If you have any questions regarding thisnomination, please contact Amy Crain of my staff at (916) 445-7009 .

s~ S-Jenan Saunders
Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer
Enclosure