FFJ-MICHELIN FOUNDATION WORKSHOP

Picture: Getty Images

City logistics for sustainable
and liveable cities
25th January 2021 | 10.00 am - 5.00 pm (France) | 6.00 pm - 1.00 am (Japan)
OnlineMandatory registration: events_ffj@ehess.fr

City logistics aims to balance the economic growth and environmental friendliness, safety and security in cities.
This workshop is to present recent advances of the research in modelling, planning and implementing city
logistics and discuss issues and innovative solutions associated with urban freight transport for sustainable andliveable cities. We highlight the use of emerging technologies including ICT (Information and Communication
technology), ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems), IoT (Internet of Things), AI (Artificial Intelligence), autonomousvehicles, and robots for city logistics. We discuss developing policies for city logistics considering thecollaborations and coordination among stakeholders who are involved in urban freight transport, focusing on
the data sharing between the public and private sectors. As many cities have implemented policy measures ofcity logistics, we discuss case studies and perspectives on sustainable urban freight transport from different
countries in Europe and Japan. We finally propose the future perspectives on city logistics for sustainable andliveable cities based on the presentations and discussions in the workshop.

Program
10.00 | Opening Remarks

Sébastien Lechevalier (EHESS-FFJ), Pierre-Édouard Sorel (Michelin), Eiichi Taniguchi (FFJ, Kyoto
University)

Session 1

Moderator: Laetitia Dablanc (University Gustave Eiffel, France)

10.15 | Recent advances in city logistics based on emerging technologies
and public- private collaborations

Eiichi Taniguchi (EHESS-FFJ, Kyoto University, Japan)

10.35 | The importance of stakeholder engagement and trust in data
sharing for city logistics

Michael Browne (University of Gothenburg, Sweden)

10.55 | Designing more efficient urban freight networks
Russell Thompson (The University of Melbourne, Australia)

11.15 | Innovations in urban logistics, the French caseLaetitia Dablanc (University Gustave Eiffel, France)

11.35 | Recent developments in City Logistics - The case of Rotterdam
Ron van Duin (Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands)

11.55 | Discussion
12.45 | Lunch break

Session 2

Moderator: Jacques Leonardi (University of Westminster, UK)

14.00 | Towards optimizing urban logistics with sustainableconsiderations in the city of BordeauxRémy Dupas (University of Bordeaux, France)

14.20 | Sustainable solutions in urban freight and logistics management:
European experiences

Jacques Leonardi (University of Westminster, UK)

14.40 | Estimating the contribution of food retailers to global city logistics
needs: a Territorial Intelligence approach
Jesus Gonzalez-Feliu (Excelia Business School, France)

15.00 | Discussion
15.30 | Break15.50 | Investigating the use of small vehicles for delivery in medium sized
cities: the case study of La Rochelle

Jean-Christophe Deschamps (University of Bordeaux, France)

16.10 | Urban logistics real estate in France: the new golden asset?
Diana Dizian (Afilog, France)

16.30 | Discussion
16.50 | Concluding Remarks

Michael Browne (University of Gothenburg, Sweden)

Speakers
Sébastien Lechevalier (President of FFJ, Professor at
EHESS)
Sébastien Lechevalier is an Economist and a Professor at EHESS (School of Advanced
Studies in the Social Sciences, Paris), specialised in Japanese economy and Asian
Capitalisms. He is also founder and president of the Fondation France‑Japon del’EHESS (FFJ). He has been a Visiting Professor At Tokyo University, Kyoto University,
Hitotsubashi University, Waseda University and Doshisha University.

Pierre-Édouard Sorel (Michelin)
Pierre-Édouard Sorel started his carrer with the Renault car company in Istanbul,
Turkey, before joining in France in various product marketing positions.He has beenworking for Michelin for the last 15 years, in Sales, market intelligence, maketingas a Segment manager for and Intrapreneur to bring to market a new innovation.
Since June 2020, he has joined the Movin’On Ecosystem within Michelin, to promotesustainable mobility and ecosystemic innovation.He graduated in 2008 from theEcole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC) with a masters in management, anda specialization in Marketing.

Eiichi Taniguchi (Professor Emeritus, Kyoto University,
Japan and FFJ/Michelin Fellow, EHESS, Paris)
Eiichi Taniguchi is Professor Emeritus of Transport and Logistics in Resilience
Research Unit, Kyoto University, Japan. His research centres on City Logistics andurban freight transport modelling focusing on stochastic and dynamic vehicle routing
and scheduling with time windows, multi-agent simulation considering behaviour of
stakeholders who are involved in urban freight transport. Recently his research covers
the health and security issues including humanitarian logistics after catastrophic
disasters, home health care problems in aging society. He has published more than
200 academic papers and 11 books. He is President of the Institute for City Logistics
in Kyoto. Currently he is a 2020 FFJ/Michelin Fellow at EHESS in Paris, France.

Title: Recent advances in city logistics based on emerging technologies
and public-private collaborations
The presentation deals with recent advances in city logistics focusing on the three aspects: (a) the use of
emerging technologies including Internet of Things (IoT), big data, Artificial Intelligence (AI), autonomousvehicles, and robots, (b) public-private collaborations, (c) the integrated platform. Firstly, the application ofthese emerging technologies allows us to take a data driven approach for the innovative solutions of city
logistics. Multiagent simulations using big data and machine learning based models give a good example fortaking insights of the interaction between stakeholders and the responses of freight carriers and shippers topolicy measures implemented by municipalities. Autonomous vehicles are promising technologies for promoting
sustainable urban freight transport in providing cost efficient and flexible delivery systems. Contactless delivery
using autonomous delivery robots can provide healthy solutions for both deliverers and customers in the
pandemic time. Secondly, public private collaborations are critical for successful implementation of policy
measures of city logistics, since many stakeholders who have different objectives are involved in city logistics.
Sharing data between public entities and private companies are also essential for understanding the state oftransport and logistics activities in urban areas and evaluating the effects of policy measures, including urban
consolidation centres, satellite hubs in the city, loading /unloading bays, time windows for access control, andlow emission zones. Thirdly, the integrated platform for city logistics plays an important role for managing andoptimising the urban freight transport systems by integrating the information systems in the cyber space andreal operation of freight vehicles on the road networks. Better use of multiple freight transport modes can beachieved on the platform, using roads, rails, barges, bicycles, trams in urban areas. We will discuss these
topics of city logistics based on the recent research and case studies towards environmentally sustainable andliveable cities.

Michael Browne (Professor, University of Gothenburg,
Sweden)Michael Browne was appointed professor at the University of Gothenburg in 2015
having been part of the Visiting Professor Program. His main research focus is on
urban logistics and freight transport and he provides academic leadership in the
Urban Freight Platform a shared initiative between University of Gothenburg and
Chalmers University of Technology supported by the Volvo Research and Education
Foundations (VREF). He is committed to engaging practitioners and policy-makers
with the research community on all aspects of logistics impacting on future urban
goods transport. Before his appointment in Gothenburg he was a professor at the
University of Westminster in London and also chaired the Central London Freight
Partnership, a role he has continued since moving to Sweden. He has been the project leader for many
research studies concerned with urban logistics at national and international levels. He is the lead editor of
the book 'Urban Logistics: Management, policy and innovation in a rapidly changing environment' publishedin 2019.

Title: The importance of stakeholder engagement and trust in data
sharing for city logistics
Current evidence shows that despite the dramatic increase in data availability connected to urban freight andlogistics there are still many barriers to sharing data between the private sector and public authorities. Thesebarriers (for example legal issues, competition, privacy and civil liberties, cost sharing etc) are recognised andthere are already suggestions of how they can be overcome (regulations, subventions, access privileges etc).
However, progress has until recently remained rather slow. There are strong arguments to see stakeholder
engagement as a central activity that needs to form part of the strategy to increase data sharing in city logistics.
Stakeholder engagement helps to build trust which in turn contributes to overcoming the inertia in relationships
within and between private sector organisations and public authorities (Browne, Brettmo and Lindhom, 2019:
Holguin Veras et al, 2020). Freight networks and partnerships offer a very helpful platform or starting point toenable more rapid development of data sharing initiatives. The presentation will focus on examples of data
sharing from two freight networks where the presenter has been a participant (1) Central London Freight
Quality Partnership and (2) Gothenburg Freight Network ‘Godsnätverket i Göteborg’. The examples illustrate
how data sharing is already happening and how this could be further developed. Examples to be discussed
include data sharing related to changing the access arrangements for streets and data sharing on trends indeliveries resulting from changes in transport and logistics resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Russel Thompson (Associate Professor, The Universityof Melbourne, Australia)
Russell is an Associate Professor in Transport Engineering at the University of
Melbourne. He leads the Physical Internet Lab at the University of Melbourne and isVice-President of the Institute for City Logistics based in Kyoto. Currently, Russell is
actively involved in several urban freight projects in Melbourne and Sydney includingHigh Productivity Freight Vehicles, Urban Consolidation Centres and Loading Dock
Booking systems. He is currently conducting research studies investigating thebenefits of the physical internet, parcel lockers, logistics sprawl, collaborative freightsystems, road pricing, urban consolidation centres and multi-modal freight systems.
Russell has also contributed to a number of international studies relating to urban
freight, including the European Union’s Best Urban Freight Solutions (BESTUFS) project and the OECD reporton urban distribution. He has co-authored over 10 books and 130 refereed publications. Russell co-edited abook, “City Logistics: Mapping the Future” (CRC Press, 2015) that presents a range of innovative solutions toincrease the efficiency and reduce the impacts of freight in cities.

Title: Designing more efficient urban freight networks
Many large cities are experiencing an increase in the number of trucks and vans transporting goods as well asa decrease in the utilisation of freight vehicles. This leads to higher transport operating costs as well as more

emissions and noise. Freight systems in metropolitan regions are typically characterised by shippers operating
their own vehicle fleets, transporting only their goods to their customers on a regular basis. Within specificsectors there is an opportunity to combine networks to reduce the distance travelled by freight vehicles. Thiscan result in substantial savings in transport operating costs for carriers as well as reduced environmental
costs from freight vehicles. Case studies illustrating how independent freight networks can be transformed into
collaborative networks for transporting goods in Melbourne will be presented.

Laetitia Dablanc (Professor, Université Gustave Eiffel,France)Laetitia Dablanc, an urban planner, is a Professor at the University Gustave Eiffel where
she heads the Logistics City Chair. She is an Associate Professor at the University
of Gothenburg, Sweden, and a member of MetroFreight, an international network of
research on urban freight sponsored by VREF. She leads the Young Initiative of theWorld Conference of Transport Research Society. Her areas of research are freighttransportation, freight and the environment, urban freight and logistics, freight policies,
spatial issues related to logistics. She received a PhD in transportation planning from
Ecole des Ponts-ParisTech, and a Master’s degree in city and regional planning from
Cornell University. She was initially trained in policy analysis and economics at Science Po Paris.

Title: Innovations in urban logistics, the French case
The major recent trends in urban logistics in France concern several fronts: Urban logistics real estate
has changed considerably, with the demand for urban warehouses with innovative architectures (mixed‑use,
multi-storey buildings) and urban logistics micro-hubs, often in neglected urban areas (service stations, parkinglots). Modes of transportation are changing: cargo-cycles and electric vans are no longer reserved for start-ups
and are being adopted by major companies such as Chronopost, the main French express parcel operator.
However, transport SMEs, which are experiencing economic difficulties, are much more reluctant to buy e-vans.
Public policies on urban logistics adopt data analytics for urban freight models and carbon assessments.
Today's innovations will have a lasting impact on urban logistics: Organizational innovations include newurban logistics chains based on route consolidation, the use of urban warehouses and new types of vehicles
for the last miles. Autonomous deliveries are being tested. To be noted is the steady growth in on‑demanddelivery apps and the use of delivery gig workers (50,000 in Paris today, and more than 4,000 instantdelivery micro‑enterprises being created every month in France). This represents jobs for unskilled people inFrance who often have difficulty accessing employment, despite precariousness and work issues (sharing ofaccounts, almost always illegally). Efforts to provide training to these new freight workers are now discussed.
The pandemic influences urban logistics: The health crisis is changing demand and reinforcing the demandof B2C (in September 2020, French people are consuming 26% more online than in February 2020, a ratethat rises to 27% for food products). Traditional stores have become 'omni-channel'. The pandemic has also
accelerated the adoption of low emission zones, zero emission zones and the implementation of bicycle lanes
in French cities.

Ron Van Duin (Professor, Rotterdam University of Applied
Sciences, The Netherlands)
Ron van Duin was appointed professor in port & city logistics at the Rotterdam Universityof Applied Sciences in 2016. Currently he is doing practice-based research in thefield of ports, intermodal transport, ICT and city logistics in the port-city Rotterdam.
Since 1994 Ron has been working at Delft University of Technology in the same fields
with a stronger research interest on the modelling development. Since 1998 Ron has
participated actively for the Institute for City Logistics while supervising many logistics
master thesis students (>250), PhD-students (3) and author of many scientific papers.

Title: Recent developments in City Logistics - The case of Rotterdam
Ron van Duin will present the latest experiences in city logistics in Rotterdam. As for many municipalities theyear 2025 will be the year of zero emission delivery to the inner-city. Many companies are struggling with thischallenge. The municipality of Rotterdam takes a very active facilitating attitude to help, promote, stimulate
new initiatives in this field. In the presentation the policy vision ‘the city as a city lounge’ will be explained.

There is not one silver bullet solution to tackle all problems. Therefore, new emerging distribution concepts are
explained to support this policy vision. Electrification of vehicles, all kinds of dedicated hubs and new sharing
concepts will be explained. These developments will help to make the next steps towards zero emissions.

Rémy Dupas (Professor, University of Bordeaux, France)
Rémy Dupas received his ph.D. degree in industrial and human automation control
at University of Valenciennes in 1990. He worked as a knowledge engineer atArcelorMittal for 3 years. In 1993, he joined Artois University as associate professor incomputer science. Since 2007, he is professor at Bordeaux University. His research
topics concern modeling and optimizing of transport and production planning problems
using exact and heuristics solving methods. Recently he focuses on flow problems
and vehicle routing problems in the context of city logistics.

Title: Towards optimizing urban logistics with sustainableconsiderations in the city of Bordeaux
The distribution of goods in crowded city centers is a major challenge. In this presentation, we propose amethodology for evaluating the performance of a parcel distribution network in city logistics. This methodology
encompasses the main entities of a multi-tier distribution system made up of carriers depots, final destinationsof parcels (proximity logistic spaces) located in the main street of city center and intermediate depots (urban
consolidation centers), as well as the parcel flows between them. This methodology aims to optimize thetransport flows (distance traveled) of a given distribution network while also quantifying the impact in terms ofsustainable development by measuring gas emissions. Two different states of the network with different
connectivity degrees are evaluated and compared: the current state of the network as well as its future state.
The transport network modeling is based on a network flow, which is expressed in linear programming andimplemented with an optimization solver. The validation of this methodology is based on the parcel distribution
in the main shopping streets of the city of Bordeaux. A comparison of the distance reduction as well as the
reduction of emissions of CO2 is currently being carried out between the two different networks and will be
discussed. The impact of the grouping of the parcels (i.e., pooling) on the total distance and the total numberof trucks will also be discussed.

Jacques Leonardi (Senior research fellow, University ofWestminster, UK)
Dr Jacques Leonardi is a senior research fellow in the Department of Planning andTransport, University of Westminster (UoW), with 28 years’ research experience.
He is developing and evaluating solutions in sustainable logistics. He has publishedwidely on these topics and also teaches at the UoW and at EIGSI Engineering Schoolin La Rochelle, France. He has also performed Consultancies for the European
Commission, London, the OECD, French, Luxembourg, German, Indonesian andChinese Governments.

Title: Sustainable solutions in urban freight and logistics management:
European experiences
There is a lot of investigations and experimentations with diverse solutions for a more sustainable urban
logistics in UK and Europe, but a limited number of initiatives demonstrate a long term success if measured
in terms of business profit, applicable regulation, environmental benefits and social acceptance. Looking at
evidence from CSR reports, supported by standards, and results of projects and documentations, the objectiveof the workshop contribution is to understand the mechanisms of various solutions, and show how benefits
are generated for different stakeholders. Focus will be on business models and technology solutions on clean
vehicles, intermodality, ITS and cooperation, and how these can be supported by suitable regulatory options
such as Low Emission Zones, Environmental Standards or data collection frameworks.

Jesus Gonzalez-Feliu (Professor, Excelia Business
School, France)
Jesus Gonzalez-Feliu is Full Professor in Supply Chain Management at Excelia
Group La Rochelle Business School, and director of the department on Supply Chain,
Purchasing and Project Management since April 2020. Previously, he was AssistantProfessor (2014-2016) then Associate Professor (2017-2020) in Industrial Engineering
at Ecole des Mines de Saint Etienne (EMSE). Before that, he was Post-Doctoral
Researcher in Economics (2008-2011) then Permanent Research Engineer in Field
Data Production (2011-2014) at the French National Center of Scientific Research,
UMR5593 “Laboratoire d’Economie des Transports”. He obtained his Master’s degree
in Civil Engineering and Urban Planning in 2003 at INSA Lyon (France) and a Ph.D. in Computer and Systems
Sciences - Operations Research in 2008 at Politecnico di Torino (Italy) and a French Habilitation to Direct
Researches (HDR) in Economic Sciences in 2016 at Université Paris Est. His Ph.D. thesis focused on urban
freight distribution solutions and two-stage vehicle routing problems. Since, he has developed research in
the field of urban logistics, being recognized by his works on urban goods modelling, scenario assessment,
evaluation and indicator construction and analysis of urban logistics platforms, among others. Moreover, he isworking since 2015 on food logistics (mainly in food supply network configurations and the notion of food hubs)
and since 2017 in urban and humanitarian logistics (working on the notions of social improvement logistics,
food assistance supply chain improvement, maturity analysis and demand/supply modelling to anticipate
recurrent crises). His research interests include urban logistics planning and policy, freight demand modeling,
scenario assessment, collaborative logistics processes, action-research for decision support, vehicle routing
optimization, sustainable supply chain management, territorial resilience and humanitarian logistics.

Title: Estimating the contribution of food retailers to global city logistics
needs: a Territorial Intelligence approach
Food logistics takes a particular place in cities. Indeed, food is necessary to people’s daily life, so its logistics
becomes an essential element of city functions. However, city logistics has traditionally focused on parcel andpallet deliveries, placing food logistics in a secondary place, mainly because of the heterogeneity of processes
and supply chains in food distribution (opposing the high homogeneity of parcel and pallet delivery sector).
This is seen by many projects (the main ones related to urban consolidation) that focus on non-food sectors. In
any case, food logistics remain a crucial function that has recently shown its limits and opportunities (during thedifferent COVID-19 events). For those reasons it seems important to analyse the importance of food retailers
in the urban logistics panorama. Thus, this talk will present a Territorial Intelligence framework to assess thecurrent and the potential importance of food retailing in cities, based on a data-driven approach. The framework
includes a data production phase based on standard datasets, a traffic generator, based on the well-known
FTG methodology, and a TIA indicator estimation procedure. The framework is tested in the urban area of La
Rochelle for which a set of food poles is present. Discussion and future developments are also presented.

Jean-Christophe Deschamps (Associate Professor,
University of Bordeaux, France)
Jean-Christophe Deschamps obtained his PhD degree in 1994 and is associate
professor at Bordeaux University. During the first years of his career, he was firstinterested in supply chain planning and performance analysis, before opening up to
the study of transportation activities as a major factor in improving performance. His
current research interest is actually focused on city logistics and concerns optimisation
models and decision making processes integrating sustainable development andcooperation in the delivery chain. He has been involved in European and French
projects since the mid-1990s, and was the leader of a French national project on
smart products routing using ICT (2009-2013).

Title: Investigating the use of small vehicles for delivery in medium-sized
cities: the case study of La Rochelle
The increasing population density of medium and large-sized cities and the e-commerce development posesa difficult problem of maintaining a satisfactory level of transportation services without significantly increasing
congestion and pollution within the city. This presentation proposes to analyze the use of small vehicles inan urban environment to carry out last mile freight operations and to define in which context their use proves
to be interesting. The analysis is based on a Multi-Trip Time-Dependent Vehicle Routing Problem with Time
Windows (MTTD-VRPTW) in which travel time and service time are dependent on the time slots within whichcustomer deliveries must be made. The use of small and medium-sized vehicles is compared through a Designof Experiments (DOE). First experiments carried out intend to evaluate the input parameters that have thestrongest impact on transportation performance, before the following ones allow a more detailed analysis of
the context for which the use of small vehicles is economically interesting. The analysis thus developed will
be applied to the city of La Rochelle and relies on realistic data collected from the ELCIDIS logistics platform(Urban Consolidation Center), located in the city center and operated by PROXIWAY. Beyond assessing theimpact of the implementation of small vehicles on logistical efficiency, we will also discuss on how the locationof the CDU on the outskirts of the city would penalize the transport operating time or not. (This work was
carried out as part of Mohamed Guedria's thesis supervised by Jean-Paul Bourrières, Nicolas Malhéné andJean-Christophe Deschamps).

Diana Dizian (Manager, AFILOG, France)
Civil servant engineer and urban planner, Diana Diziain is director of the logistics realestate association in France since 2016. During the previous 15 years, she worked invarious administrations (cities, region, metropolis) on freight issues.

Title: Urban logistics real estate in France : the new
golden asset ?
This presentation aims to highlight the recent maturation of the urban logistics realestate market, with a convergent view of users, developers and investors represented
by Afilog association. Afilog is the association bringing together since 2001 the stakeholders in logistics
real estate: promoters, investors, constructors, architects, insurers, real estate services and operators(manufacturers, transporters, logistics services providers). Considered a few years ago as a very narrow
segment on which only dedicated players ventured, urban logistics real estate is attracting more and moregeneralist players, proof of its performance, its strength and the maturation of its economic model. Public
policies on urban logistics, traditionally focused on flows and vehicles, are increasingly concerned with realestate aspects. Alongside this growing interest, a wave of disaffection is also shaping this specific real estatemarket. While delivery men were praised as saviours of the locked down world, 2020 was at the same time
marked by several attacks against the sector, mistakenly assimilated to e-commerce, itself assimilated to alarge American e-commerce merchant accused of destroying the fabric of local commerce in France. Logistics
is being swept by contrary winds. The outcome of the political choices is uncertain to date. One thing iscertain : the demand for logistics spaces has never been so strong and the rent level so high.