䉸䊐䊃䉡䉸䊐䊃䉡䉢䉝䉲䉴䊁䊛䊃䉡 䉝䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱ା㗬ᕈ䈫቟ోᕈ
Reliability and Safety of Sofftware
ftware-intensive
intensive Systemsਛፉ 㔡Shin NAKA
AJIMA䈬䉖䈭⎇ⓥ䋿૗䈏䉒䈎䉎䋿䇸䇸䉸䊐䊃䉡䉢䉝䉕ᡰ㈩䈜䉎䈱䈲䉸䊐䊃䉡䉢䉝䉕ᡰ㈩䈜䉎䈱䈲䋬⥄ὼᴺೣ䈪䈲䈭䈇䋮ⶄ㔀䈘䈪䈅䉡䉕ᡰ 䈜䉎 䈲 ⥄ὼᴺೣ䈪䈲䈭䈇⥄ὼᴺೣ 䈲䈭ⶄ㔀䈘 䈅ⶄ㔀䈘䈪䈅䉎䇹䈫੔䉒䉏䈩䈇䉁䈜 ା㗬ᕈ䈫቟ోᕈ䈮㑐䈚䈩 䉲䉴䊁䊛䈮ᦼ䉎䇹䈫੔䉒䉏䈩䈇䉁䈜䋮ା㗬ᕈ䈫቟ోᕈ䈮㑐䈚䈩䋬䉲䉴䊁䊛䈮ᦼᓙ䈘䉏䉎䊧䊔䊦䉕㆐ᚑ䈜䉎䈮䈲 ⶄ㔀䈘䈱ℂ↱䉕⸃᣿䈚 䈠䈱ᓙ䈘䉏䉎䊧䊔䊦䉕㆐ᚑ䈜䉎䈮䈲䋬ⶄ㔀䈘䈱ℂ↱䉕⸃᣿䈚䋬䈠䈱ⶄ㔀䈘䉕ૐᷫ䈜䉎ᣇᴺ䉕⏕┙䈚䈭䈔䉏䈳䈭䉍䉁䈞䉖 䈫䈖䉐䈏ⶄ㔀䈘䉕ૐᷫ䈜䉎ᣇᴺ䉕⏕┙䈚䈭䈔䉏䈳䈭䉍䉁䈞䉖䋮䈫䈖䉐䈏䋬ਁ⢻䈱⸃᳿╷䈏䈭䈇䈖䈫䈲⦟䈒⍮䉌䉏䈩䈇䉁䈜 ᧄ⎇ⓥቶ䈪䈲ਁ⢻䈱⸃᳿╷䈏䈭䈇䈖䈫䈲⦟䈒⍮䉌䉏䈩䈇䉁䈜䋮ᧄ⎇ⓥቶ䈪䈲䋬䉸䊐䊃䉡 䉝䈱㐿⊒ㆊ⒟䈪ㆣㆄ䈜䉎 ㊀ⷐ䈭䋳䈧䈱⺖㗴䈮⌕⋡䉸䊐䊃䉡䉢䉝䈱㐿⊒ㆊ⒟䈪ㆣㆄ䈜䉎䋬㊀ⷐ䈭䋳䈧䈱⺖㗴䈮⌕⋡䈚䈩䋬⎇ⓥ䈭䉌䈶䈚䈚䈩䋬⎇ⓥ䈭䉌䈶䈮ᢎ⢒䈮៤䉒䈦䈩䈇䉁䈜䋮⎇ⓥ䈭䉌䈶䈮ᢎ⢒䈮៤䉒ᢎ⢒ ៤䉒 䈩䈇䉁䈜䉁䈜䇸䈧䈭䈏䉎਎⇇䇹䈱䉟䊉䊔䊷䉲䊢䊮䈲䇸䈧䈭䈏䉎਎⇇䇹䈱䉟䊉䈭䈏䉎਎⇇䉟 䊔 䉲䉲䊢䊮䈲䋬⑳䈢䈤䈱␠ળ䈫↢ᵴ䉕⼾䈎
䈲 ⑳䈢䈤䈱␠ળ䈫↢ᵴ䉕⼾䈎
⑳䈢䈤 ␠ળ䈫↢ᵴ䉕⼾䈎䈮䈚䉁䈜 หᤨ䈮 ၮ⋚䉕䈭䈜䉸䊐䊃䉡䉢䉝䈲ⶄ㔀ൻ䈜䉎৻ᣇ䈪䈮䈚䉁䈜䋮หᤨ䈮䋬ၮ⋚䉕䈭䈜䉸䊐䊃䉡䉢䉝䈲ⶄ㔀ൻ䈜䉎ᣇ䈪䈜 䊥䉴䉪䉕ૐᷫ䈜䉎ᛛⴚ䈲 ⌕ታ䈮ㅴ䉖䈪䈐䈩䈇䉎䈮䉅㑐䉒䉌䈜䋮䊥䉴䉪䉕ૐᷫ䈜䉎ᛛⴚ䈲䋬⌕ታ䈮ㅴ䉖䈪䈐䈩䈇䉎䈮䉅㑐䉒䉌䈝 Ᏹ䈮৻ᱠ ಴ㆃ䉏䉁䈜 ⑼ቇ⊛䈭ᣇᴺ䈪 䊥䉴䉪䈮┙䈤ะ䈎䈝䋬Ᏹ䈮৻ᱠ䋬಴ㆃ䉏䉁䈜䋮⑼ቇ⊛䈭ᣇᴺ䈪䋬䊥䉴䉪䈮┙䈤ะ䈎䈉䈖䈫䈏ᦼᓙ䈘䉏䉁䈜 䈪䉅 䇸⑼ቇ⊛䇹䈫䈲 ૗䈭䈱䈪䈚䉊䈉䈎䈉䈖䈫䈏ᦼᓙ䈘䉏䉁䈜䋮䈪䉅䋬䇸⑼ቇ⊛䇹䈫䈲䋬૗䈭䈱䈪䈚䉊䈉䈎䋮䈠䉅䈠䉅 䉸䊐䊃䉡 䉝䈱⑼ቇ䉇䉸䊐䊃䉡 䉝㐿⊒䈱⑼ቇ䈲 䈬䈱䈠䉅䈠䉅䋬䉸䊐䊃䉡䉢䉝䈱⑼ቇ䉇䉸䊐䊃䉡䉢䉝㐿⊒䈱⑼ቇ䈲䋬䈬䈱䉋䈉䈭⃻⽎䉕⸃᣿䈚䉋䈉䈫䈚䈩䈇䉎䈱䈪䈚䉋䈉䈭⃻⽎䉕⸃᣿䈚䉋䈉䉋䈉䈭⃻⽎䉕⸃᣿䈚䉋䈉䈫䈚䈩䈇䉎䈱䈪䈚䉊䈉䈎䋮䈚䉎䈚䉊䈉䈉䈎⁁ᴫ⸳ቯା㗬ᕈⷐ᳞઀᭽ᦼᓙ䈘䉏䉎ᯏ⢻䉕ᨐ䈢䈜ᗐቯ䈘䉏䉎䇸᡿㓚䇹䈻䈱ኻ╷䉕⠨䈋䉎䊊 䊄䉡䉢䉝ї஧⊒⊛᡿㓚䊊䊷䊄䉡䉢䉝ї஧⊒⊛᡿㓚䉸䊐䊃䉡 䉝 ї♽⛔⊛᡿㓚䉸䊐䊃䉡䉢䉝♽⛔⊛᡿㓚䉲䉴䊁䊛⸳⸘䉲 䊁䊛䊁 䊃䉲䉴䊁䊛䊁䉴䊃๟࿐䋨ⷐ᳞઀᭽䋬േ૞ⅣႺ䋩䈱ᄌൻ䈮ኻᔕ䈚䈢䈇S lf Ad ti S tSelfͲAdaptiveSystem䊥䉴䉪䉝䊷䉨䊁䉪䉼䊞⸳⸘䉝䉨䊁䉪䉼䊞⸳⸘䉨 䉪⸳⸘቟ోᕈᯏ⢻䉕ᨐ䈢䈘䈭䈒䈭䈦䈢ᓟ䈮䊥䉴䉪䉕࿁ㆱ ૐᷫ䈜䉎䊥䉴䉪䉕࿁ㆱ䊶ૐᷫ䈜䉎ฃ䈔౉䉏䊁䉴䊃 ⥄Ꮖㆡᔕ䉲䉴䊁䊛᭴▽᭴▽䈎䉌䈱ᱜ䈚䈘᭴▽䈎䉌䈱䈚䈘䈘⚿ว⚿ว䊁䉴䊃⚿ว䊁න૕䊁䉴䊃䉮䊮䊘䊷䊈䊮䊃⸳⸘䊮䊘䊘 䊈䊮䊃⸳⸘
䊈⸘⥄േ䊂䊋䉾䉫

CorrectbyConstruction቟ోᕈ䉕ᜂ଻䈜䉎ᯏ⢻䉕♽⛔⊛᡿㓚䈏౉䉍ㄟ䉁䈭䈇䉋䈉䈮䈚䈢䈇ᦨೋ䈎䉌⠨䈋䈩䈍䈒䋨ᯏ⢻቟ో䋩⊒↢⏕₸䈫ᓇ㗀䈱ᷓೞ䈘䉕ቯ㊂⊛䈮⷗Ⓧ䉅䉍䈢䈇䊒䊨䉫䊤䊤䊛૞ᚑ

Automatic Debugging
AutomaticDebugging

䊂䉞䊕䊮䉻䊑䊦䊶䉲䉴䊁䊛ਇౕว䉕⥄േ⊛䈮⊒⷗䈚䈩㒰෰䈚䈢䈇䊥䉴䉪䈏⸵ኈ▸࿐ౝ䈪䈅䉎⎇ⓥౝኈ᭴▽䈎䉌䈱ᱜ䈚䈘⥄Ꮖㆡᔕ䉲䉴䊁䊛⺖㗴䋺㐿⊒਄ᵹᎿ⒟䈪↪䈇䉎⸳⸘ᦠ䈏ᦌᤒ䈭䈖䈫䈎䉌䋬㐿⊒䈏ㅴ䉃⺖㗴㐿⊒਄ᵹᎿ⒟䈪↪䈇䉎⸳⸘ᦠ䈏ᦌᤒ䈭䈖䈫䈎䉌㐿⊒ᵹ ⒟䈪↪ 䉎⸳⸘ᦠ䈏ᦌᤒ䈭 䈫䈎䉌䋬㐿⊒䈏ㅴ䉃㐿⊒䈏ㅴ䉃䈫౒䈮౉䉍ㄟ䉃⺋䉍䉕 ቢో䈮䈲㒰෰䈪䈐䈭䈇䈫౒䈮౉䉍ㄟ䉃⺋䉍䉕䋬ቢో䈮䈲㒰෰䈪䈐䈭䈇
ᣇᴺ ᦌᤒᣇᴺ䋺ᦌᤒ䈘䈱౉䉍ㄟ䉁䈭䈇⸥ㅀ䈫䋬䈖䉏䉕೑↪䈚䈢㐿⊒䈱ᣇᴺᦌᤒ䈘䈱౉䉍ㄟ䉁䈭䈇⸥ㅀ䈫౉䉍ㄟ⸥䋬䈖䉏䉕೑↪䈚䈢㐿⊒䈱ᣇᴺ䉕೑↪
㐿⊒ ᣇᴺ䋨ᒻᑼᚻᴺ䋩䉕↪䈇䉎⃻⁁ ᰷Ꮊ䉕ਛᔃ䈮⤘ᄢ䈭⍮⷗䈏⫾Ⓧ䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䈏 ࿖ౝ䈪䈲⃻⁁䋺᰷Ꮊ䉕ਛᔃ䈮⤘ᄢ䈭⍮⷗䈏⫾Ⓧ䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䈏䋬࿖ౝ䈪䈲䋬䈠䈱ᛛⴚ૕♽䈏ᱜ䈚䈒ℂ⸃䈘䉏䈩䈇䈭䈇ౝኈ ᄢቇ㒮ୃ჻⺖⒟䊧䊔䊦䈱ၮ␆ᢎ⢒䋨✚⎇ᄢ ᧲Ꮏᄢ䈪ታᣉ䋩ౝኈ䋺ᄢቇ㒮ୃ჻⺖⒟䊧䊔䊦䈱ၮ␆ᢎ⢒䋨✚⎇ᄢ䋬᧲Ꮏᄢ䈪ታᣉ䋩⺖㗴䋺䉲䉴䊁䊛㐿⊒䈱೨ឭ᧦ઙ䉕᣿䉌䈎䈮䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏㔍䈚䈇䈱䈪䋬⺖㗴䉲䉴䊁䊛㐿⊒䈱೨ឭ᧦ઙ䉕᣿䉌䈎䈮䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏㔍䈚䈇䈱䈪䉲䊁 㐿⊒䈱೨ឭ᧦ઙ䉕᣿䉌䈎䈎䈮䈜䉎 䈫䈏㔍䈚 䈱䈪䋬䉰 䊎䉴䉟䊮ᓟ䈮 䉲䉴䊁䊛ᄌᦝ䈏㗫❥䈮⿠䈖䉎䉰䊷䊎䉴䉟䊮ᓟ䈮䋬䉲䉴䊁䊛ᄌᦝ䈏㗫❥䈮⿠䈖䉎ᣇᴺ䋺䉲䉴䊁䊛⥄り䈱ታⴕ⁁ᘒ䈭䉌䈶䈮ታⴕⅣႺ䈱⁁ᴫ䉕⋙ⷞ䈚䋬ᣇᴺ䉲䉴䊁䊛⥄り䈱ታⴕ⁁ᘒ䈭䉌䈶䈮ታⴕⅣႺ䈱⁁ᴫ䉕⋙ⷞ䈚䉲䉴䊁䊁䊛⥄り䈱ታⴕ⁁ᘒ䈭䉌䈶䈮ታⴕⅣႺ䈱⁁ᴫ䉕⋙ⷞ䈚䋬ਇౕว䉕ᬌ⍮䈚䈢႐ว 䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱ᯏ⢻ᝄ䉎⥰䈇䉕ᄌᦝ䈜䉎ਇౕว䉕ᬌ⍮䈚䈢႐ว䋬䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱ᯏ⢻ᝄ䉎⥰䈇䉕ᄌᦝ䈜䉎ౝኈ䋺ᷓೞ䈭ⵍኂ䈮⥋䉌䈭䈇䇸ᨵ䉌䈎䈭ਇౕว䇹䈫䈇䈉⠨䈋ᣇ䉕ዉ౉䈚ౝኈ䋺ᷓೞ䈭ⵍኂ䈮⥋䉌䈭䈇䇸ᨵ䉌䈎䈭ਇౕว䇹䈫䈇䈉⠨䈋ᣇ䉕ዉ౉䈚䋬⥄ ㆡᔕ⥄Ꮖㆡᔕ㪮㪼㪹䉝䊒䊥䉬⥄Ꮖㆡᔕ㪮㪼㪹䉝䊒䊥䉬䊷䉲䊢䊮䈱ᣇᑼ䋬䇸ᨵ䉌䈎䈭ਇౕว䇹䈱⊒䊒 䉬 䉲䉲䊢䊮䈱ᣇᑼ䋬ᣇᑼ 䇸ᨵ䉌䈎䈭ᨵ䉌䈎䈭ਇౕว䇹䈱⊒ౕว⊒↢⏕₸䉕ቯ㊂⊛䈮੍᷹䈜䉎ᣇᑼ↢⏕₸䉕ቯ㊂⊛䈮੍᷹䈜䉎ᣇᑼ䋬䉕⎇ⓥ
ቯ䉕⎇ⓥⓥ

ᦨㄭ䈱⺰ᢥ
⺰

(1)䊝䊂䊦ⷙ▸ᒻᑼᚻᴺ䋨VDM,Z,B,Event(1)䊝䊂䊦ⷙ▸ᒻᑼᚻᴺ䋨VDM Z B EventͲB䋩䈱౒ㅢၮ␆
B䋩䈱౒ㅢၮ␆⁁ᘒ䊔 䉴઀᭽ 䊥䊐䉜䉟䊮䊜䊮䊃 ⸽᣿᧦ઙ⁁ᘒ䊔䊷䉴઀᭽䋬䊥䊐䉜䉟䊮䊜䊮䊃䋬⸽᣿᧦ઙ(2) ⥄േᬌ⸽䈱ၮ␆䋨䊒䊨䉫䊤䊛⥄േᬌᩏ䉕฽䉃䋩(2)⥄േᬌ⸽䈱ၮ␆䋨䊒䊨䉫䊤䊛⥄േᬌᩏ䉕฽䉃䋩䊨䉳䉾䉪䊶䊝䊂䊦ᬌᩏ䋬᦭⇇䊝䊂䊦ᬌᩏ䋬䊁䉴䊃⥄േ↢ᚑ䉳 䉪 䊂䊦ᬌᩏ䋬᦭⇇䉳䉾䉪䊂 ᬌᩏ ᦭⇇ 䊂䊦ᬌᩏ䋬䊁䊂 ᬌᩏ⥄േ↢ᚑ⥄േᚑ

CoreAssets((3)䉥䊑䉳䉢䉪䊃ᜰะ䊂䉱䉟䊮䈻䈱ᔕ↪
) 䉥䊑䉳䊑䉳 䉪䊃ᜰะ䊂䉱䉟䊮ᜰะ䊂䉱䈱ᔕ↪
ᔕ
UML/OCL ⁁ᘒㆫ⒖䉻䉟䉝䉫䊤䊛/Statechart
UML/OCL,⁁ᘒㆫ⒖䉻䉟䉝䉫䊤䊛/Statechart᜸ᚢ⊛⪚⧘ ⓥ᜸ᚢ⊛⪚⧘⎇ⓥ䋨2011䌾2014ᐕ䋩᜸ᚢ⊛⪚⧘⎇ⓥ䋨20112014ᐕ䋩
ᐕ

w/design by con
w/designͲbyͲcon
ntract
SNIPER⥄േ䊂䊋 䉫 AutomaticErrorLocalizationMethod⥄േ䊂䊋䉾䉫
Automatic Error Localization
lMethodhਇౕวᬌ⍮ౕวᬌ⍮ їਇౕว▎ᚲ․ቯ
ї ਇౕว▎ᚲ․ቯ
ౕว▎ᚲ․ቯ їୃᱜї ୃᱜୃ

ANSIͲCANSICprogramm⺖㗴䋺䊒䊨䉫䊤䊛䉕ኻ⽎䈫䈚䈢ᬌᩏᛛⴚ䈏ㅴዷ䈚䋬ਇౕว䈱᦭ή䉕⺖㗴䊒䊨䉫䊤䊛䉕ኻ⽎䈫䈚䈢ᬌᩏᛛⴚ䈏ㅴዷ䈚䉫䊤 䉕ኻ⽎ᬌ ᛛⴚዷ 䋬ਇౕว䈱᦭ή䉕ౕว ᦭ 䉕⥄േ⊛䈮⺞䈼䉎䈖䈫䈏น⢻䈮䈭䈦䈢䈏 ਇౕว䈱ේ࿃⺞ᩏ⥄േ⊛䈮⺞䈼䉎䈖䈫䈏น⢻䈮䈭䈦䈢䈏䋬ਇౕว䈱ේ࿃⺞ᩏ䈮⤘ᄢ䈭ᤨ㑆䈫ഭജ䈏䈎䈎䉎
ᣇᴺ䋺䊒䊨䉫䊤䊛⥄േᬌ⸽䈱ᣇᴺ䋨㪪㪘㪫䊔䊷䉴᦭⇇䊝䊂䊦ᬌᩏ䋩䉕
ᣇᴺ䊒䊨䉫䊤䊛⥄േᬌ⸽䈱ᣇᴺ䋨㪪㪘㪫䊔 䉴᦭⇇䊝䊂䊦ᬌᩏ䋩䉕ᔕ↪䈚䈩 ਇౕว䈱ේ࿃▎ᚲ䋨㫉㫆㫆㫋 㪺㪸㫌㫊㪼㫊䋩䉕⥄േ․ቯ䈜䉎ᔕ↪䈚䈩䋬ਇౕว䈱ේ࿃▎ᚲ䋨㫉㫆㫆㫋⃻⁁䋺ᣢሽ⎇ⓥ䈪䈲ේ࿃▎ᚲ․ቯ䈏䈪䈐䈭䈇䌃䊒䊨䉫䊤䊛䈮⃻⁁ᣢሽ⎇ⓥ䈪䈲ේ࿃▎ᚲ․ቯ䈏䈪䈐䈭䈇䌃䊒䊨䉫䊤䊛䈮ㆡ↪䈚䈩ᚑഞ

Potentiaal
root caurootcauuses

Parsing
SSA format
SSAͲformat(t((traceformula)fl )LLVM

PHPProgram

EEventGenerator

witness traces
witnesstraces(successfulexecutions)(successfulexecutions)

ErrorLocalization
Error
Localization
Ɍel=EI= EIhard ш TFweightш Qhard
EI (error inducing inputs)
EI(errorinducinginputs)ㅪ⛊వ䋺ਛፉ㔡䋯 ࿖┙ᖱႎቇ⎇ⓥᚲ 䉝䊷䉨䊁䉪䉼䊞⑼䉝 䉨䊁䉪䉼䊞⑼⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ♽ ᢎ᝼FAX : 03-3556-1916

WebS
ServerPlatformPathExplorationPth E pl tiɌwit
P ш TF
TF’шшQ
wit =P

counterͲexamplesl(failing executions)(failingexecutions)(staticsingle(staticsingleassignment)
ig)

TF
TF

PHPͲbasedWebApplication
bli iBoundedModelͲChecking
BoundedModelͲChecking
Ɍbmc=䎀(PшTFЈQ)=P=䎀(P шTF ЈQ) = P ш TFш 䎀 Q౒ห⎇ⓥ
౒ห⎇ⓥ䋺✚⎇ᄢ䋨SiͲMohamedLAMRAOUI䋩䋬ᴺ᡽ᄢ䋬䊆䊷䉴ᄢ⎇ⓥ ✚⎇✚⎇ᄢ䋨䋨 ihd
䋩 ᴺ᡽ᄢ䋬䋩䋬ᴺ᡽䉴ᄢ
TEL : 03-4212-2507

FeatureDiagramgSPLE M th dSPLEMethod((1)) ⥄ᏆㆡᔕWeb䉝䊒䊥䉬䊷䉲䊢䊮䉲䉴䊁䊛䋺⥄Ꮖㆡᔕ䉝䊒䊥䉬 䉲 䊮䉲䉴䊁䊛( l t)(select)᭎ᔨ䉝䊷䉨䊁䉪䉼䊞䈫ታ⃻䊐䊧䊷䊛䊪䊷䉪᭎ᔨ䉝䉨䊁䉪䉼䊞䈫ታ⃻䊐䊧 䊛䊪 䉪
Reasoner
PHP䉮䊮䊏䊠䊷䉺䉸䊐䊃䉡䉢䉝䋬2012ᐕ8᦬䊮䊏䉺䉸䊐䊃䉡 䉝ᐕ ᦬HTTPRequestqFiles
Monitor(2) ታⴕᤨᐓᷤ䈱⊒↢⏕₸੍᷹(2)ታⴕᤨᐓᷤ䈱⊒↢⏕₸੍᷹
Automata(execute)((load))Clients䉮䊮䊏䊠䊷䉺䉸䊐䊃䉡䉢䉝䋬2013ᐕ8᦬䊮䊏䉺䉸䊐䊃䉡 䉝 2013ᐕ8᦬

Email : nkjm@nii.ac.jp
nkjm@nii ac jp

weightedpartial
weighted
partialMaxSMTSolver