SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES: ENERGY EFFICIENCY KNOWLEDGE SHARINGVOLUME 15 | ISSUE 1 | MARCH 2024

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Inside...
New opportunities for Japan–India cooperation inenvironmental technologies through JITMAP
Training seminar on low-carbon Japanese technologies
and best practices for compressed air system and steam
management system
Creating awareness on environment-friendly Japanesetechnologies for production of castingsA

PL ATFORMFORPROMOTING

ENERGYVISIONSAMEEEKSHA

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a robust and competitive
SME sector built on strong
foundations of knowledge
and capabilities in thedevelopment,
application,and promotion of energyefficient and environmentfriendly technologies.

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IN THIS ISSUE…
This issue has as its theme the new opportunities that have opened up for scaling up the mutually beneficial technology
cooperation in environmental technologies (ETs) between India and Japan under the initiative titled ‘Japan India Technology
Matchmaking Platform (JITMAP) that is being implemented by TERI and the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies(IGES), Japan.
At the bilateral level, steps have been initiated to create a new mechanism for technology cooperation between Japan andIndia—‘Joint Crediting Mechanism’ (JCM)—which will help both countries achieve their respective emissions-reduction targets
through the carbon credits/carbon offsets that will accrue from the transfer and implementation of Japanese ETs in India. At
the global level, significant progress has been made under the aegis of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCC) in creating an enabling framework for supporting and incentivizing the transfer of ETs from developed to lessdeveloped countries.
The theme article explains how, with the formalization of support for technology transfer and the establishment of norms
for trading carbon credits and carbon offsets under Article 6—in particular, Article 6.2, which covers technology transfers
under bilateral/cooperative ventures between countries and entities—both Japan and India can take advantage of the avenues
opened up for technology cooperation, including mobilization of finance, through JCM and under the UNFCCC ambit.
The subsequent articles outline two awareness and training initiatives conducted under JITMAP in Chennai in January
2024: (1) a training seminar on low-carbon Japanese technologies and best practices for compressed air system and steam
management system; and (2) an awareness workshop/site visit on environment-friendly Japanese technologies for productionof castings.

SAMEEEKSHA Secretariat

THEMENEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR JAPAN–INDIA
COOPERATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIESTHROUGH JITMAPThe consistent and rapid all-round growth of the Indian
economy in recent years—with global rating agencies
projecting GDP growth of 6.8% to 7.8% during 20241—
also brings with it the immense challenge of sustaining
this growth on a low-emissions pathway, so that India
can meet its commitment to become a net-zero
economy by 2070 and thereby contribute to the global
efforts to thwart climate change impacts. Overcoming
this challenge requires the large-scale switchoverfrom technologies and practices based on fossil fuels
to highly efficient, low/zero emissions technologies,
also known as environmental technologies (ET). This
switchover to ETs must be undertaken not only in thematerials, equipment and processes that are usedin India’s industrial sector but must extend to all theother sectors of the economy that are witnessing rapid
expansion in pace with India’s overall growth—airports,
commercial buildings, housing, infrastructure, roads
and railways, shipping, etc.
As reported in an earlier issue, 2 TERI and the Institutefor Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Japan
have worked together since 2016 on developing
and successfully implementing a business modelfor transfer of ETs from Japan to India, titled ‘Japan
India Technology Matchmaking Platform (JITMAP).
The JITMAP work has essentially been undertaken
in bilateral (Japan–India) mode, involving public andprivate entities in both countries and with the focus
on enabling business-to-business (B2B) transactions
between the technology suppliers in Japan and theindustrial end-users in India.

customers for their ET products. On their part, theIndian end-users too—particularly MSMEs—are often
unaware that Japanese companies can provide themwith a range of high-efficiency ET options that could
bring them significant benefits in terms of increased
profits with attractive paybacks on investments, aswell as reductions in emissions, improved productivity,
better working conditions, and so on. They also often
lack the technical capacity to absorb new/innovativetechnology, and face difficulties in accessing formal
avenues of finance.

JITMAP activities are structured to bridge theawareness and knowledge gaps that act as barriers
to direct (B2B) transactions between the Japanesetechnology providers and Indian end-users. In manycases,
the Japanese ET manufacturers/suppliers
have limited knowledge regarding the (often-unique)needs and local conditions of the Indian end-users;
and hence, they do not view Indian industries—
except, perhaps, large-scale enterprises—as potential
1 See (1) https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/indicators/
moodys-ups-indias-2024-gdp-forecast-from-6-1-to-6-8/articleshow/108194154.
cms?from=mdr; (2) https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/
indicators/fitch-revises-india-fy24-fy25-gdp-forecast-upwards-expects-economy-tocontinue-strong-expansion/articleshow/108483578.cms?from=mdr
2 See SAMEEEKSHA 13(1), March 2022,

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SAMEEEKSHA NEWSLETTER | VOLUME 15 | ISSUE 1 | MARCH 2024

JITMAP identifies and addresses these knowledge
barriers on both sides in the broad and overlapping
domains of awareness generation, technical assistance,

THEMEand creation of a supportive policy & regulatoryenvironment for technology transfer. The primary
JITMAP activities comprise seminars and workshops,
feasibility studies, training-of-trainers programs,
and stakeholder meetings covering a number of ETs
for various industrial sectors and applications. By
December 2023, JITMAP had conducted 54 feasibility
studies, 17 seminars/workshops, 6 training-of-trainer
programs, and 7 stakeholder meetings in different
locations in India covering a range of industrial
processes and systems including compressed air
systems, electric heat pump (EHP) refrigeration
systems, steam management systems, energy savingtransmission belts, continuous emission monitoring
systems (CEMS), and others.

on environment-friendly Japanese technologies for
production of castings; and (2) a training seminar on
low-carbon Japanese technologies and best practices
for compressed air system and steam management
system. Also during January–March 2024, postfeasibility study visits were undertaken to fourindustrial plants in Pune— two forging units, a foundry,
and a pharmaceutical unit— to assess the potential
benefits of implementing energy efficient Japanesecompressed air systems and operating practices.

Article 6
The ‘Paris Agreement’ that resulted from the
Climate Change Summit held in Paris in 2015
(COP21)established ‘Article 6’ to enablecountries to collaborate in achieving theirrespective Nationally Determined Contributions(NDCs) by trading mitigation outcomes, i.e., bytrading in carbon credits and carbon offsets that
result from the implementation of ETs, including
technologies transferred from one country to
the other. The framework and mechanisms for
Article 6 transactions in international carbon
markets have been given clear shape through thesubsequent COPs, particularly COP26 (Glasgow,
2021) and COP27 (Sharm El-Sheikh , 2022).

Looking ahead
The coming years present new opportunities for scaling
up the mutually beneficial technology cooperationin ETs between India and Japan under JITMAP, with
two key avenues formally opened up to incentivize
the transition from fossil fuels to low/zero emission
options.

Through its sustained engagements with industry
and other stakeholders, and in particular, its followup activities on feasibility studies, JITMAP has helped
overcome barriers in both countries in the domains ofawareness generation, technology identification andadaptation, and capacity building, thus enabling the
successful transfer of advanced ETs from Japanesefirms to Indian end-users to the benefit of both sides.
The subsequent articles in this issue outline twoawareness and training initiatives conducted in Chennai
in January 2024: (1) an awareness workshop/site visit

At the bilateral level, steps have been initiated tocreate a new mechanism for technology cooperation
betweenJapan
andIndia—‘Joint
Crediting
Mechanism’—for which an aide memoire was signed
in March 2023 between Ministry of the Environment,
Japan (MOEJ) and Ministry of Environment, Forest andClimate Change, India (MOEFCC). The ‘Joint Crediting
Mechanism’ will help both countries achieve theirrespective emissions-reduction targets through thecarbon credits/carbon offsets that will accrue from thetransfer and implementation of Japanese ETs in India.
At the global level, significant progress has been madeunder the aegis of the UN Framework Convention
on Climate Change (UNFCC) in creating an enabling
framework for supporting and incentivizing the transfer
of ETs from developed to less-developed countries,
including the mobilization of funds for technology
transfers, as well as setting out the principles and

SAMEEEKSHA NEWSLETTER | VOLUME 15 | ISSUE 1 | MARCH 2024

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THEME
guidelines for the creation of standardized international
carbon markets. With the formalization of support
for technology transfer and the establishment of
norms for trading carbon credits and carbon offsets
under Article 6—in particular, Article 6.2, which covers
technology transfers under bilateral/cooperative
ventures between countries and entities—both Japanand India can take advantage of the avenues opened
up for technology cooperation, including mobilizationof finance, through JCM and under the UNFCCC
ambit. Both countries, including their industries andbusinesses, can derive benefits in terms of energy andcost savings as well as emissions reductions throughscaling up and widening the transfer and adoptionof Japanese ETs by Indian end-users under suitablebusiness models designed via JITMAP.
The increased participation of Japanese technology
suppliers as well as Indian end-users in this process canbe expected with the forthcoming establishment of
the Indian carbon market. In this regard, in November
2023, the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), as the
National Designated Authority for administering thecarbon market in India, laid out the ground rules for theoperability of the Indian carbon market with respect
to the compliance sector, including the regulatorycompliances necessary for sorting out how emission
allowances (i.e., carbon credits) will be issued andtraded to pave the way for the market’s official launch. 3
3 https://shaktifoundation.in/carbon-market-in-india-creating-a-more-sustainablefuture/

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SAMEEEKSHA NEWSLETTER | VOLUME 15 | ISSUE 1 | MARCH 2024

GoI has also finalized the following technologies tobe considered for trading of carbon credits underbilateral/cooperative approaches under Article 6.2.4

GHG mitigation activities• Renewable energy with storage (only storedcomponent)• Solar thermal power• Off- shore wind
• Green hydrogen• Compressed bio-gas• Emerging mobility solutions like fuel cells• High end technology for energy efficiency• Sustainable aviation fuel• Best available technologies for process improvement
in hard-to-abate sectors• Tidal energy, ocean thermal energy, ocean salt
gradient energy, ocean wave energy and ocean
current energy• High Voltage Direct Current transmission in
conjunction with renewal energy projects

Alternate materials• Green ammonia

Removal activities• Carbon capture, utilization and storage
4 https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1900216

INITIATIVETRAINING SEMINAR ON LOW-CARBON JAPANESETECHNOLOGIES AND BEST PRACTICES FORCOMPRESSED AIR SYSTEM AND STEAMMANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Under the JITMAP initiative, IGES and TERI, together
with Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency (TEDA),
organized a training seminar on ‘Japanese low carbon
technologies and best practices: Compressed Air
System & Steam Management’ in Chennai on 23rd
January 2024 with support from the Ministry of
the Environment, Government of Japan MoEJ. The
objectives of the seminar were: (1) to strengthen thecapacities of energy auditors/managers and industry
personnel on low carbon technologies (LCTs) andpractices in compressed air and steam management
systems; and (2) generate awareness regarding the
JITMAP initiative. The training seminar was attended
by about 55 participants from diverse backgrounds inindustry and energy efficiency.

Inaugural session
Initiating the program, Ms Mihoko Nagai, First
Secretary, Embassy of Japan in India, and Mr Girish
Sethi, Senior Director-Energy Program, TERI,
welcomed the participants and briefed them on theobjectives of the training seminar. They went on to
outline the advantages and benefits offered by LCTs
in terms of energy savings and reduced energy costs
and emissions at plant level. The adoption of LCTs alsoenables companies/industrial units to improve theirbusiness profiles through better environmental, socialand governance (ESG) performance—a key yardstickused in national and global markets for assessmentof business responsibility and sustainability—and tohelp India achieve its target of becoming a net-zeroemissions economy by 2070.
Mr Prosanto Pal, Senior Fellow & Associate Director,
TERI, and Mr Toshinori Hamaguchi, Program Manager,
IGES, Japan outlined the efforts by IGES and TERI
under JITMAP to promote Japanese LCTs in India
through activities such as seminars and workshops,
feasibility studies, awareness and training programs,
and stakeholder meetings covering a number of LCTs
for various industrial sectors and applications. They
also presented a few case studies to highlight thebenefits brought by adoption of the LCTs.

Technical sessions
Session 1: Compressed air system
Mr Tsukasa Saito, Compressed Air System Expert
and IGES Fellow, made a detailed presentation on‘Optimization of compressed air system – Japaneseexperience’. His presentation highlighted the improved
operating practices that can be applied in compressed
air systems to achieve significant energy efficiency
improvements and reduced CO2 emissions. For
example:• Lowering of compressed air generation pressure by
0.1 MPa can reduce emissions by almost 8%.

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INITIATIVE• Proper pipe sizing and piping layout can reducepressure loss in piping and bring down emissions by
about 5%.
• Arresting compressed air leakages could reduce
emissions by up to 20%.
• Using inverter system (VFD/ VSD) could reduce
emissions by about 20%.
• In case of booster compressors, controlled
consumption and usage of compressed air has apotential to reduce emissions by about 30%.
He underlined the importance of regular measurement
and monitoring of power consumption andperformance of the compressed air system, and theprocedures to be followed. Some of the measures for
improving the efficiency of compressed air system
include:• Adopting ideal system configuration (layout) of aircompressors.
• Installing oil-free compressors.
• Installing inverter-based (VSD/VFD-driven) air
compressors.
• Ensuring that pipelines do not have multiple bends,
multiple partitions (such as check valves and othervalves), small bores and large lengths.
• Selecting proper ‘material of construction’ (MOC)
for pipelines and sizing according to the application.
• Installing air flow meters on major headers tomonitor the air consumption in different sections/
machines of the plant.
• Using booster air compressors for localized highpressure requirements• Regular air leakage detection and pressure drop
monitoring.

Session 2: steam system
Mr Daiki Tanaka, Consulting Engineer, CES Division,
Consulting & Engineering Department, TLV Co, LTD.
made a presentation on ‘Steam management system– Japanese experience’. He explained that steam
carries significant quantities of latent heat energy,
and transfers most of this latent energy rapidly uponcondensation; hence, steam is used widely in industry
for fast and even heating applications. As some of thelatent heat remains in the condensate, there is scopefor improving energy efficiency and reducing water
consumption in steam systems through the recovery
and reuse of heat and water from the condensate.
He outlined the different designs of condensate heatrecovery systems, and elaborated on the key principles
for efficient operation of steam systems:• Supply dry, saturated steam to improve heat transfer
and avoid the problems caused by the presence ofany condensate droplets in the steam.
• Ensure stable steam pressure and remove all air

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SAMEEEKSHA NEWSLETTER | VOLUME 15 | ISSUE 1 | MARCH 2024

from the steam. This helps stabilize the steam
temperature and enables even heating, leading tobetter product quality.
• Deliver steam at high pressure but use the steam
at low pressure. This increases the latent heat
content and reduces steam consumption. It also
allows tighter control of temperature of the heatedmaterial/object.
• Most importantly, ensure rapid and continuous
removal of condensate discharge through the useof appropriately designed steam traps. The rightchoice of steam trap greatly determines the overall
energy efficiency of the steam system as well as
productivity and product quality.
He outlined the main functions of the different types ofsteam traps and their operating principles, the features,
structure, functions and cautions of mechanical (freefloat) and disc-type steam traps, and presented a
few case studies on industrial plants to illustrate theefficient management of steam systems.

Practical demonstrations
Thereafter, the participants moved to Dr Ambedkar
Institute of Productivity—the training wing of the
National Productivity Council (NPC) located in
Ambattur, Chennai—where they witnessed practicaldemonstrations of compressed air systems andsteam systems. Also present during this session were
Mr Hans Raj Verma, I.A.S, CMD, TEDA; and Mr D
Sreenivasulu, Director, National Productivity Council.
The demonstrations and the discussions that followed
provided the participants with knowledge and insights
on the advantages of VFD-driven air compressors
over fixed-speed air compressors, unit control, roleof receiver tank, etc.; and on various kinds of steam
systems including the different types of steam traps(e.g., float, ball, thermodynamic traps), and theirrespective advantages and disadvantages.

INITIATIVECREATING AWARENESS ON ENVIRONMENTFRIENDLY JAPANESE TECHNOLOGIES FOR
PRODUCTION OF CASTINGS
Under the JITMAP initiative, TERI and IGES organized
a seminar-cum plant visit on 24th January, 2024
in Chennai
titled ‘Japanese technologies andpractices: environment-friendly casting production’ incooperation with The Institute of Indian Foundrymen(IIF), Chennai Chapter. The seminar aimed at creatingawareness and strengthening knowledge among
foundry managers and engineers on high quality andvalue-added environment-friendly casting production.
About 20 participants attended the event, including
representatives from IIF, foundry owners and managers,
academic institutions and technology consultants.
Welcoming the participants, Mr R Palanimurugan,
Hon. Secretary, IIF, Southern Region, appreciated theefforts made by TERI and IGES to promote awarenessamong foundry-based industries on improving energy
efficiency, and noted that this seminar was the firstprogram in this direction carried out in the Chennai
foundry cluster. He assured support to TERI and
IGES for promoting and scaling up energy efficienttechnologies across the cluster, and underlined theneed to identify ‘low hanging fruit’ (i.e., easily adopted
and affordable technologies and practices) that would
improve productivity and energy efficiency, and to train
shop-floor operators on deploying these technologies
and practices effectively.
Dr Satoshi Kojima, Programme Director, IGES,
underlined the need and potential to promote low
carbon technology transfers from Japan to India in thecontext of the imperative to curb CO2 emissions. He
highlighted key features of the JITMAP initiative andits roll-out over the years, particularly its focus on the
MSME sector, and reiterated the keenness of IGES andTERI to collaborate with IIF in undertaking initiatives inthis direction in the Chennai foundry cluster.

Mr Prosanto Pal, Senior Fellow & Associate Director,
TERI, elaborated on the various activities undertaken
through JITMAP such as seminars and workshops,
feasibility studies, awareness generation and technicaltraining programs, and meetings with stakeholders at
various levels. He also presented a few case studies
to highlight the benefits brought by the adoption of
low carbon technologies and practices for various
industrial sectors and applications.
Mr Shinji Kasuya, Director, Sinto Bharat Manufacturing
Pvt. Ltd, made a detailed presentation on ‘EcoFriendly Casting Production’ from the perspective ofenergy saving, recycling, and improving the working
environment. He described how automation ofmoulding process leads to several advantages, suchas reduction in sand wastage, lower labour costs,
less scrap generation, and so on. He highlighted
the following technologies and practices that could
reduce CO2 emissions and improve the environment in
the foundry industry.

• Aeration sand filling—an innovative, advanced
technology for better quality mould production.
Aeration sand filling also allows the production ofhigh-quality moulds using less energy, compared toexisting sand moulding systems.
• Servo cylinders—an innovative drive method that
not only saves energy but also solves the problems
faced with hydraulic and pneumatic driving inconventional moulding lines.
• Hybrid hydraulic systems— which reduce energy
consumption during standby.

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INITIATIVEABOUT SAMEEEKSHA• Smart foundry practices—the number of defects
can be reduced by real-time monitoring ofoperating conditions and defects and optimizing
various parameters of casting production.
• Sand reclamation systems— reducing theenvironmental impact of sand disposal, and also
contributing to lower running costs.
• Improvements in plant environment—improving theenvironment in and around the plant by combining

various suction hoods and collection systems
depending on the characteristics of the dust
generating areas.
Following the discussions, the participants were taken
on a tour of the Sinto Bharat Manufacturing plant
located in Kanchipuram. At the end of the program, IIF
proposed a vote of thanks for IGES, Sinto and TERI andreiterated their interest to organize similar capacity
building events in Southern India.

SAMEEEKSHA is a collaborative platform aimed at pooling the knowledge
and synergizing the efforts of various organizations and institutions—Indianand international, public and private—that are working towards the common
goal of facilitating the development of the Small and Medium Enterprise(SME) sector in India, through the promotion and adoption of clean, energyefficient technologies and practices.
SAMEEEKSHA provides a unique forum where industry may interface withfunding agencies, research and development (R&D) institutions, technology
development specialists, government bodies, training institutes, andacademia to facilitate this process.

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SAMEEEKSHA NEWSLETTER | VOLUME 15 | ISSUE 1 | MARCH 2024

For more details, please contact
SAMEEEKSHA Secretariat
Industrial Energy Efficiency Division
TERI, Darbari Seth BlockIHC Complex, Lodhi Road,New Delhi - 110 003, India
Tel: (+91 11) 2468 2100
Fax: (+91 11) 2468 2144, 2468 2145
Email: sameeeksha@teri.res.in
Website: http://sameeeksha.org