CH.

FRENCHDAM IEN'S

IN

THREE

R E V IS E D

THESYSTEM .

M ONTHS!
VOL.

E D IT IO N , 1902.

EARTH.

III.

,

Nos. 27 & 2f

We have much p)ensute in recommending the above work.
The booklet contains the three thousand words, and idioms,
which are most used in ordinary conversation ; sufficient toenable you to talk French all your life ; no fossil philologicalpeculiarities, but French as it is actually spoken in France.
Grammar underlies each group of examples, and we think
this a cleverly condensed method of teaching the Frenchlanguage.
The Author of French in Three M onths s\so gives Lessons
in Conversational French to adults, at

A

LIV E

S it t in gon

A STR O N O M E R
T he

F lat

E arth !

My pamphlet on the northern M idnight Sun having been
circulated in Australia, a medical gentleman sent a copy to
the local astronomer for his “ scientific ” opinion thereon.
I give his letter and the astronomer’s reply just as they are
written.
Bad health has prevented me attending to thismatter earlier, except so far as to answer the letter of the
medical correspondent, and send him further literature.

128. C R O M W E L L ROAD. LO NDO N, S.VV. ;
375,

A \I)

64,

ROSSLYN

H IL L ,H A M PSTEA D ,N.W.

Friends of the Ed. of this Magazine can testify to his ability
and agreeable way of teaching.

Bryn Aber College and Home School
For the DAUGHTERS OF GENTLEMEN.

Bryn

A b er ,

Sea

Road,

Boscom be.

A!iss (JOKDDX (of manv years’ j>ractical experience in tuition) receives a.iinited luiniher of young ladies Ui hoavd anti educate. T he situation of her houseis liealttiy .u>d pleasant, being only 2 m inutes’ wall; from the sea. well shelteredby pines ; with perfect sanilaiion, warm and comfortable carpeted bed and cl; ss
rooms.
Special facilities for acquiring languages, the best foreign governesse.s
residing in the house, and French and (ierm an being constantly sj«Mcen.

The Magnetic Nerve Invigorator Co.,JO N A TH AN NICHOLSON,
37, Great Eastern House,
BISHOPSGATE STR EET, LONDON, E.C.

Price of Appliances £1 is., £2 2s., & £3 3s.
I n s t a lm e n t s m a y b e a r r a n g e d .

N ew castle

Street,

Per t h , W estern

A u s t r a l l -\.

7 / 5 /2 .
Dear Sir,
A short time ago I came across the enclosed
brochure, referring to a wellknovvn subject—the true
shape of the Earth.
Knowing nothing of the scientific aspects of thequestion 1 forwarded the paper to the Government
Astronomer of this Colony.
His reply I also enclose.
Yours truly,
A l b e r t S m i t h , Esq.
J. A . LANGDON.
191
Oi)s. No.

02

W E ST E R N AU STRA LIA .
I’roni the Government Astronomer,
To Dr. J. LANG DON ,Acting Medical Officer, Katanning.

D ear Sir,
I know there are still a few persons who profess to believe that
the E arth is a plane and stationary, whilst the sun revolves round it,
but I did not know th at any of them had printed such utter rubbish
as in the pamphlet you so kindly sent me. This is the first of their
publications I have seen and I am much obliged to you for it. I
suppose some of them have written som ething a trifle more plausible
than The M idnight Sun, and it would interest me to see a reallyplausible explanation of their tl eory. As to The M idnight Sun,
the author has not the slightest idea of modern theories, etJ., eg. : inlii.s diagram on page 7. As a fact the sun at its farthest north de-A L IV E A STRO X O M K K .

A H V K ASTROxXOiVIEK.

clinatioii, passes oveihead at the tropic of Cancer, and according
to accepted theory “ overhead” means a contination of a line
joining the observing station with the E arth’s centre. The positionof the sun therefore should be on a prolongation of E F and at anenormous distance away. Placed thus, w'hat becomes of the difficultyof seeing it from M, in a direction somewhat resem bling M Q ?

As to the theory of the sun’s rays ju st reaching through our atmosphereto a certain distance, it is too funny for words. An action of thiskind must be gradual and must vary with the constitution of ouratm osphere, if we are to accejjt any verified facts of optics whatever.
In this case the length of each day will be determined by tlie stateof the atm osphere ! Besides apply the simplest mathematics to thecase. On page 1) : su]>pos*i the sun is running round the inner circle
O R Q.
See how his motion would appear to an observer at (,!.
W ith centre G and radius G N draw a circle cutting O R Q in X andThen when the sun reaches X it would be just rising to theobserver at G, when at R it would be noon, and sunset at Y. But inone hour’s motion from X its apparent angular movement at G would
be almost nil and this would gradually increase until it would reacha maximum at noon and then decrease. Now nothing is so certain
as that the sun move.s through equal angles in equal times, so tliis
consideration alone would atisolutelv demolish the theorv.

1 need not go on, but what about the stars ? 1 honestly believe thatmany who profess to believe (!) in this nonsense do not even knowthat every star in the sky describes a circle round the celestial pole
every 24h. Ask some of them for fun, if you come across any.
The fact is that the writer of the book on Jforway could easily
have worked out all his sta eroents of facts in his study, and if heused the ordinary theories they would be as correct as if he observed
them , and probably more so; because the small error of observation
would be eliminated, e.g., the 4th par. on page 3, “ the nearer any
point,” etc., evidently has been w'ritten in this manner, for the ob­server has not certainly visited the Pole or has remained remarkably
reticent about it.
One more word. I believe the confusion of the term “ level ” with“ stra ig h t” or “ p la n e ” has given rise to no end of error. The sea
is, on the whole, level but certainly not plane. The level of anythingis measured by an instrument which depends upon the action of grav­
ity and when we state th at two points are on the same level we meanthat they are subjected to the same gravitational pull, or in otherwords are equi distant from the E arth’s centre.
This, however,would be above the level of these paradoxers.
Your.i faithfully,
W. E R N E S T COOKE.

39

40

A L IV E A S T R U X O M E R .

OURA I.IVK A S T R O N O M E R ,4 1

REPLY.

It will be seen from the above letter that our astronomical
critic speaks down to us from the lofty pedestal of superior“ scientific ” knowledge.
He acknowledges that he wasignorant of Plane Earth literature ; and so he was grateful
to our medical friend for the “ ru b b is h ” he sent him. It
amused him. He w'as not aware that we printed “ rubbish,”or anything else. . But sometim.es we do print rubbish, as
witness his letter, that we may show it up and shoot it on
to its proper heap.
We look through it first to see it wecan find a lost gem or two, or anything valuable.
b,ven
an ignorant Zetetic can pick up little trifles ot value when
he sees them, and there are trilles here quite as valuable as
the little bits of broken pottery from the kitchen middensof Babylon, which the soi-disan! “ higher critics” prize
so much.
For instance he sa\’s that the writer oi the
M idnight Sun “ has not the slightest idea of modern
theories.” Then astrononomical doctrines arc mere “ theo­ries ” after all ; and “ modern '' too ! Good ! Pick up these
trifles, friends !
We are then treated to a specimen of these modern
theories, “ Overhead,” says this go\ ernment olficial, “meansa continuation of a line joining the observing station with
the Earth’s centre.-” The theory evidently does violence toour senses when we have to be told what overhead “ means.
.So that taking four spectators. A, B, C, and D, each 90 de­grees apart, and all looking away from the centre ot the
supposed “ globe" ; if A is looking upwards towards a star,surely C, who is looking in an opposite direction must be
looking downwards to see his star ; while B and D are looking 'sideways in equally opposite directions.

B

A theory which confuses the plain terms, up and down,
and contradicts the instincts and senses of mankind, isdiscredited in the very fact. The mischief is magnified w'hen
we remember that such teaching nullifies the doctrine of thethe Saviour of the World who taught us that heaven is every­
where “ above ” the Earth.
Zetetics are not going to give up their belief in the Bible
Heaven, or in the infallibility of the Great Teacher who“ came down from heaven,” for the sake of a mere “ modern
theory.” It will be time enough to do so when the astro­
nomers can prove the bottom line of this page is the top,or vice versa ; and that the roof of a house is the same as
the foundation, or the floor ! Or, that when it rains inAustralia the rain-drops fall upwards in relation to us !
Ne.xt, referring to my first diagram, which we reproduce
to make his meaning clearer, our astronomer says : “ thesun therefore should be on a prolongation of E F, and at anenormous distance." (Italics mine.)
Notice his assumptions. Why that “ therefore ” ? Becauseof his “ overhead” theory. If we are to allow every astro­
nomical “ theory ” we might as w'ell give in to the globular
theory at once. He has given no reason for his “overhead ”

42

iM :

A LECTURE.

theory which might as well be described as underJiead!
Neither has he given any proof of his “ enormous distance.”
We have given proof that the sun is less, considerably
less, than three thousand miles away. But he has not read
Zetetic literature, and so he trots out his ridiculous“ theories ” with an air of innocent superiority !
It is a specimen of modern “ scientific” reasoning. Our
critic may be a good astronomer, as modern astronomers
go, but he is evidently lacking in the logical faculty. As
correct reasoning is not taught by mathematics, which ma\be applied to any fallacy, I beg to recommend him a severe
course of study in Euclid. He would then learn better ho\\and where to place his “ therefores,” and attem|5t some proofin the place of hypothetical and unfounded speculations.
should like to see something “ a trifle more plausible.”{to he contimicd).
ALBKR T SM ITH .

,\LKCl'URK,

On 'I'uesdav e\cning, J Lil\- ist, a lecture on “ I'he Flane
Earth T r u th " was delivered at Craftsman’s Club, Birmingl>am. There were not many present to hear my discourse.
This was probabl\- owing to to my ha\'ing postponed themeeting, to attend one which it was impossible to put off,\-iz. : a meeting of “ The ^Midland Phrenological Students’Societ)-,” of which I am Vice-President.
Great interest was manifest throughout
mv
Io^ address.
explained briefly the common belief as to the Earth beinga “ globe ” turning on its imaginarv axis from YVest to East,with the inex itable consequences of ever\'thing being periodicall)- turned upside down.
One man said if we got too near the edge we might fallofl' the Earth. This greatly amused the chairman andcaused much laughter.
1 then briefly explained the beliefs of pianists which are
based (ist) upon the statements as set forth in the Scriptures,and (2nd) upon the evidence of their senses, and practicalinvestigation. After dwelling for some time on the undenVT H E MOOX’S ■ni j AL ACTION.

4.1

able fact that water is level, and the sun’s motions (which
we may all behold) I exhibited a map of the Earth as an
outstretched plane, published by the late D. Wardlaw Scott.
Questions were asked about gravitation, and if there wasno such law why bodies fell to the earth ? I suddenly dropped
a piece of paper, and asked them why it fell to the floor ?
No repl)'.
I repeated my question, “ Wh)' did it fall ? ”
They said it was because of “ gravity.” But one said, “ thatmeans weight. Where is the weight ? ” (Laughter.) Anothersaid, “ Oh, there are forces in nature of which we are atpresent unaware.” They could not define “ gravitation,”
and were in a greater fi.x when I asked them why a balloon
rose in the air ? “ Had ‘ gravitation ’ lost its power over alittle bit of earth, silk, rope, &c.” One gentleman said it
was because certain gases had a law peculiar to themselves,
and the gas in the balloon was one of them. Then I asked,“ Has one gas the power of robbing ‘ gravitation ’ of its
force ? ” Next I told them “ the reason why the paper fellis because it is heavier than the air, and the reason aballoon rises, is because it is lighter, and when it has risen
to the height of its own density there it remains until it isrelieved of weight or ballast, or the gas is loosed out of thebag. The company being satisfied with this explanation
the meeting was reluctantly brought to a close, and I received
a cordial vote of thanks for m}' “ entertaining address ; ” thePresident remarking that “ it seemed that we had acceptedmuch on this subject, from boyhood, without questioning
its truth, and that there was much food for thought in theteaching of a plane and motionless earth.”
J. JO N ES, J u n .

THE

MOON'ST ID A L

ACTION.

Mr. John Hill’s notice of the Moon and Tides, in the last
number of TAe Earth, is a reminder that on several occasions
I, with others, have carefully watched the Thames, while infull flood, at Richmond, observing that the volume of water
was composed of two distinct strata. The lower tidal, or bed

MORK A X T A K C T IC A .

M O RE A X TA R C TIC A .

S tra tu m , o f a b o u t tw o fe e t d e e p w as s o m c w lia t c l o u d y a n d
c a r r ie d a l a r g e a m o u n t o f d e t r i t u s , a n d was r a p i d l y flow ing
to w a r d s T e d d i n g t o n , w h ile t h e c l e a r u p p e r s t r a t u m , o f m a n y
f e e t d e e p , w as flow'ing s t r o n g l y to w a r d s I s l e w o r t h a n d
London.

All must wish The M orning success, whether the work
amounts to relieving or exploring on her own account ; atthe same time Zetetics, of all people, hope that Capt. Scotthas been carefully studying our Plane World Map andliterature, which he has on board, thereby obtaining a morecorrect idea of his bearings, than he could otherwise havedone. As to the German, Swedish, or Scotch Antarctic
Expeditionary parties coming into contact (as presumed bysome) with the Discovery party, the chances are very re­
mote, as a glance at our map for the different points ofattack, will convince anyone who knows anything of the true
shape of The World and the climatic conditions of thesouthern regions.
The points alluded to are .South Victoria Land, Enderb}Land, and Graham Land. It will be at once seen that theabove bases of attack are thousands of miles apart, so thatthe idea of the land expeditionary parties meeting are so
remote that it is not worth entertaining. Capt. Scott of the
Discovery at any rate will be answerable if he jeopardizes
rashly any part of his crew in the fruitless attempt, he having
been warned.
If the explorers generally, really think they are working
towards a central point on a globular b o d y , t h e m o v e r sof the expeditions in these islands know such is not the case,the U.Z.S. having, for the last forty years or more, beenhammering away at them to settle the question once forall by demonstration. They are perfectly aware that theWorld is not a globe, but have not the courage to admit it.
The true mileage by a circumnavigation at about 60 degrees
South would conclusively prove our position as right, andthe falsity of the Newtonian theory; the inner'cult know
this, yet they allow brave men to risk their lives in attempt­
ing to reach a mj’thical central southern magnetic or othernon-existent point called a pole.
The World not being a globe revok ing in space, or any­
thing else, a central southern point is nothing but a baselessassumiJtion, not worthy to be held by any intelligent humanbeing.
The M orning expects to reach Lyttleton in November,where she will re-fit and re-store, and leave for Cape Adare,
whence she will as far as practicable follow in the steps ofCapt Scott to Possession Island, Coulman Island, W^ood

44

From the theoretical astronomical side evidentl}' the moon
was ignoring the upper stratum of water entirely, and de­voting (?) all its influence on the lower one on these occa­
sions ; but as the luminary has no apparent effect on waterin mid ocean, land-locked lakes, ponds, or even small pud­dles, this need not cause much wonderment.
Intelligent people think, if the moon causes all (?) the
astronomers sav it does regarding the tides, these peculiar­
ities could not exist.
The fact is the astronomers knowvery little more of the celestial luminaries and their influences
than the man in the street, although professing to talk ver\'learnedls' (?) about them.
Parallax, in his work Zctctic Astronoviy, advanced a moresensible and feasible cause for the tides than all the theor­
etical astronomers and so-called scientists have been able
to do up to the present.
As to '^Natui-e's" and Lord Kelvin’s treatment of Mr. John
Mill’s letter, that is no more than was to be expected fromsuch sham oracles, as no doubt they saw the drift of the(juestioning, which \\-ould onl)' hold them up to ridicule hadthey dared to be involved.
They would give the errs oft
their heads could they produce (;nly one solitary proof o\ theglobularit)’ of the \\orld ; the\- know it cannot be done but
are too cowardh’ to own it. \\ hat an exhibition of British
learned (?) pluck !
LUX.

MORK

ANTARCTICA.

After an outlay of ^23,000, on July 9th, 1902, 'I'he M orn­ings a x'essel of 437 tons, sailed from the East India Docksfor l>\’ttleton, N.Z., thence for the extreme Antarctic about
Cape Adare, etc., presumably to relieve, if necessary, thc\crew of the Discovcr\\ which sailed in 190T for those terrible
regions45

r

T H E KDITRESS AT WOOD CREEX.

46

Ba\-, I'ranklancl Island, and Cape Crozicr—leaving at eachplace stores and picking up such news as Capt, Scott may
ha\-e left at each place concerning his progress.
Eastward of the 164th west meridian theis for­bidden to go, even though it has good reason to supposethat the Discovery has entered that region of silence andnight. It will return to Lyttelton to await further news ofCapt. Scott. This, in short, is the programme. The relief
ship itself is said to be the strongest ice-ship ever built in
Norway. It will be commanded by Capt. William Colbeck,
Mr. R. England being chief officer, Mr. E, Evans second,
Mr. G. Doorby third, and Mr. George Mulock fourth officer.
II. II. D’AR CH V ADAMS.

THE

E D IT R E S S 0 1 '
W OOD
7 j )'" 'i ; I’A

TH E E A R T H
GRICICN. I

V IS IT S

Scribo.

“ Lad)' Blount will address a meeting to be held at Com­
merce House, W'ood Green, on Sunday e\ening, Aug. ro.”“ Scribo ” needed no second invitation to be present,
seeing that he had been desir-.us of hearing her ladyship
discourse upon the Earth, and ;,ther cognate questions, forsome time past.
Arri\ing at the foot of Jolly Butchers’ Hill—known b)'
local religious and irreligious debaters as the “ Areopagusof Vv'ood Green,” (for there, as in old time on Mars Hill,
the people meet to discuss new doctrines)— I quickly passed
over the knoll and came to the corner of Commerce Road,
the place of meeting.
V
The audience M'cre mostly members of the Sabbath Union
Society, at whose invitation Lad)- Blount—who is Presidentof one section of the Union—ivas giving the lecture.
There was a short service, consisting of prayer, singing,
and reading a portion of God’s Word, conducted by Messrs.
Brown and Nicholls ; her ladyship being introduced by Mr.
Brown with a few appropriate remarks.

T[ I E E n i T R E S S AT WOOD GREEX.

47

Lady B lount—having expressed her pleasure at being
present—at once desired it to be understood that she relietl
upon the Bible and what was taught therein. That she took
as her “ rule of faith,” and regarded it to be as immovableas the foundations of the Earth, for “ the pillars of the earth
are the Lord’s, and He hath set the world upon them.”([ Sam. ii. 8). “ He hath founded the earth upon her basesthat it should not be removed for ever.” {Ps. ci\^ 5). “ Hehath founded it upon the seas, and established it upon thefloods.” {Ps. xxiv. 2). Also we read in Ps. cxxxvi., God“ stretched out the earth above the waters....... made great
lights \jiot worlds'], the sun to rule by da y .......the moon andstars to rule by night.”
In the writings of Moses and the Prophets these truths
are set forth, but “ if they hear not Moses and the prophets
neither will they be persuaded though one rose from thedead : ” and in face of the Ten Commandments, the secondof which forbids the worshipping of images, or of “ anylikeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in
the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth.”
These are the words of Almighty God. In this instance
Moses was not the mouthpiece, but God Himself spake thewords ; therefore this is the true order of Creation.
Nevertheless modern so-called scientists and the great
majority of Christian speakers and teachers discredit, andthus discard, the Mosaic account of the Creation without
apology or reason.
It was easy for opponents to say :“ What do you know of the science of the universe ? ” However,_Di'. Woodhouse, Professor of Astronomy at Cambridge,
candidly admitted that the advocates of a Plane-Earth could
account for, and explain, the phenomena of the Universe
as accurately as they (the Globularists) could, and, in ad­
dition to this, they (the Zetetics) have their senses and the
Scriptures in their favour, which, says the Professor, “ weha^■e not.”Our opponents saj- : '“ Is it not rather late to question
the globularity of the Earth ? ” “ I say,” said her ladyship,“ it is never too late to mend ; it is never too late to undo
the work of Satan, and never too late to unveil Truth.”
Lady Blount having pointed out that the globular theoryof the Earth is a modern hypothesis opposed to the evidenceof our God-given senses, mentioned that modern astrono-

48

THE

A D E E E X C E O F P H IL O S O P H IC D O U BT.

F .n iT R E S S AT W OOD C R E E X .

mers say that because the sun, moon, and planets are glob­ular, therefore the Earth must be globular ; but they may
as well say that,as the lamps in the room in which the meeting
was being held were globular, therefore the room itself was
globular. There was nothing to show that the Earth is oneof the heavenly bodies, or that any of those heavenly bodies
are “ worlds.” The words in Hebrews i. 2, and xi. 3, trans­
lated “ the worlds,” are totis aio?ias (the ages), whereas in
Hebreivs i. 6, the terms, translated “ the world,” differ
and signify' “ the inhabited earth.”
It is deception of the worst kind to say that the Earthis one of the heavenly bodies ; but God has divided lightfrom darkness, and day from night, by means of the heavenly
bodies. Modern pseudo science annuls the Word of God,and no wonder the agnostic asks : “ What have you got tosay for your Bible, and in defence of its veracity ? ”
The Copernican professing Christian finds the question
to be quite unanswerable, and to such an one the Bible ceases
to be “ The Bedrock of Truth.” We on the other handtake our stand upon the Impregnable Rock of Holy Scripture.
Her ladyship here presented those present with copies ofa reprint from The Earth, explaining the disappearance ofships at sea b)- the true laws of perspective—water being
also shoH’n to be level—e.g., when the hull of a ship has
disa]3peared to the naked eye, it can often be rendered vis­ible b}' a good telescope, thus proving that it has not gone
down behind a hill of water, or over the horizon.
In recent correspondence, in the London Evening Echo,in respect to Eclipses, her ladyship had put the following
question : “ How was it that the ancients could foretell
cclipses as well as modern ‘astronomers ’ ? ”
These arrogant glohites too frequently l>awl,“ \\) u pianists can’t explain eclijises at all ;This upsets youv Bible, so down it must fall
With the errors of M oses” — Kie, Kiel
\ et eclipse calculations on tables were wrought,l.ong before the Copernican tlieory was taught,
And so this one Fact brings their boastings to naught,.\n d proves llieir false “ science” untrue.

^■Also, it had been demonstrated that scientists of theglobular school cannot prove that the Earth is globular b e ­cause of the shadow o\-er the sun or moon assuming a cir­■iiv'--,- C'l.

cular form. The sun and moon had both been seen above
the horizon at the time of a lunar eclipse. Might not the
shadow be caused by the intervention of one of the large
cosmical bodies known to be in existence ? The noted“ Parallax ” had suggested this, and “ Zetetes ” thought chatthe moon’s eclipse might be caused by its getting into a
mass of thick darkness, which revolves around and over the
Earth in opposition to the sun.
Lady Blount pointed out that the present-day scientists,
who adopted the anti-biblical theory of the world being a
globe, had kept altering the distance of the sun from the
Earth from hundreds to millions of miles, whilst accepting thetheory that we are rushing through space at the awful rate ofabout 63,000 miles an hour. The Church of Rome has shownherself up, because if it be true that she never alters—being
semper eadeni (alwa}'s the same)— why did she persecute
Galileo for saying that the Earth moves, and that very Church
now accepts the teaching that the Earth is rushing throughspace at the rate of over 1,000 miles a minute ? If that Church
was right in the beginning she was wrong now. The ancient
Catholic Church evidently believed in the Mosaic accountof Creation ; but she has departed from primitive teaching
and gone so far as to render the Word of God of no effect,
doing away with the Sabbath as a memorial of the Creation,“ May the Lord he'p us, and lead us into all truth ! ”
One or two questions having been asked and satisfactorily
replied to by the speaker, Messrs. Brown, Nicholls, andothers,expressed the great satisfaction her ladyship’s address,
which was of an instructive character, had given them, theirfaith in God’s Holy Word having been much strengthened.
The meeting was closed with prayer for divine guidanceand blessing through Jesus the Christ.

A

DEFENCEO F P H IL O SO PH IC
r>v Rectangle"{con-tinned front [j. 32).

DO UB T

“ Is it possible to deliver men from the spell and sorceryof ‘ great names ? ’ If only a fable or lie is called scientific,

50

A D K K EN CE O F P H IL O S O P H IC

D O U BT.

and fathered by a writer reputed a ‘great man,’ how many
thousands believe at once without proof? Is it not as hardto turn men from the worship of their fellow-worms, as toturn a Hindoo from the worship of sticks and stones ? The
scientific favourites of newspaper scribblers are larded overwith flattery until the reputation of greatness is attained ;and to argue against pet scientific fictions is only to provoke
silly jesting or astonishment at the presumption of daring
to differ from the scientific slave-drivers. Will any of theirslaves of science dare to be free, or use their common-sense ?
“ Is geology not a tissue of suppositions from beginningto end ? Let us see. How do the Geologists manage to
get dupes ? Some disguised infidel who has had sufficient
influence to obtain a professorship in a college writes a bookabout the Creation, in which he attempts to prove to theentire satisfaction of atheistic journalists that the world madeitself without the help of God at all. Of course the blasjjhemous character of the book is carefully veiled, lest soft­headed religionists take alarm, and the book does not sell.
Perhaps even a pious whine is dropped so that the work ofjudas may be done more effectually; and the author is re­puted a vety great man, for all the newspapers say it.
\va\- of preface astronomy is appealed to as a science so wellestablished that none but fools object to i t ; therefore, thereader must imagine all the vast continents and oceansmaking up a ball no larger than the school room globe. ^. Next he is assured that recent researches in science have])roved that those lights, the sun, moon, and stars, consist of
the \ er\- same constituents as the earth and sea, as well as thenebula?, ^^’hich science supposes to be clouds of glowing gas.
So all these must have had a common origin, and, therefore,
the simpleton must next imagine the school room globe
along with sun, moon, and stars, changed , into a quantit)- offiery gas. In the beginning—how many million years ago
science cannot yet decide—was gas, is the dogma of Geo­log}’. Ikit he dare not ask about the origin of the gas itself.
Then the mesmerist requires him to suppose that all thefier}- mass ^-er)- c o n v e n i e n t l y began to cool, particularly aquantit)- in the centre, which also whirled about until it
became the sun.
“ The victim of duplicit)' is next to suppose that otherquantities also cooled until the\- changed into planets.

A D E FE N 'C E O F P H IL O S O P H IC

DOUBT.

Kspecially one quantity went on coo'ing until it conveniently
became the earthball with a rocky crust, and though on fire
originally, yet a portion of it changed into all the oceans
and seas.
‘ In the study of science,’ says Dr. Dick in his
book on Geology, ‘one is permitted to suppose anything if
he will but remember and acknowledge to others that he onl}makes suppositions ; will give reasons to show that his sup­positions may be true, and be ready at any time to give up
his suppositions when facts go against them. The last ofthese two suppositions, namely, the gradual cooling of theworld from a state of intense heat, is often made by those
who wish to form to themselves a notion of how the rocks
and rivers, mountains and plains of the world have beenbrought to exist as they are.’ p. lo. Can the foolish Geo­
logists, instead of making these absurd suppositions, notbelieve the fact that God made the world as stated on God’s
own authority ? Instead, however, of opening their eyes
they further suppose that despite the cooling, as much fireremained inside the ball as heaved up the rocky crust into
mountain chains, whilst the waters went on channelling andlevelling so as to make all the river and ocean beds. Thenthe rivers would carry down to lakes and seas m atter con­taining animal and vegetable remains to form sediment, which
we must suppose hardened after millions of years into rocks,
especiall)- the stratified ones, the unstratified rock being
supposed due to the original fire. All these atheistic sup­positions are expressed in words of Greek origin so as toamaze the gaping simpleton. The rocks immediately above
the unstratified are called metamorphic. Next in ascendingorder are the paleeozoic or primary,the mesozoic or secondary,
the cainozoic including the tertiary and quaternary.
The
guesses about fossils make up Pala;ontology.
“ Now let it be observed that not one of these suppositions
is ev'cn probable. Whoever saw gas changed into granite,or a fiery vapour into water, or a river channel its own bed ?
Is there within the memory of mankind one considerable
mountain more or less on the earth— notwithstanding volcanic
eruptions and earthquakes—one considerable country moreor less, or what continent has materially changed its shape ?
What do fossils prove ? The following is a confession from
Skertchly’s Geologj-, p. loi :— ‘ So imperfect is the recordof the earth’s historj', as told in these rocks, that we can

5-

TIIE s r x ’s

nisTAXCE

never hope to fill up completely all the gaps in the chain oflife. The testimony of the rocks has been well compared
to a histor}^ of which only a few imperfect volumes remain
to us, the missing portions of which we can only fill up by
conjecture.
W hat botanist but would despair of restoring
the vegetation of wood and field from the dry leaves that
Autumn scatters ? Yet from less than this the Geologist
has to form all his ideas of past floras. Can w'e wonder thenat the imperfection of the geological w orld?’ Indeed it isconfessed that the age of a fossil is not determined b}' thedegree of its petrifaction, but by the age of the rock inwhich it is embedded ; and the age of the rock by its posi­tion among the strata. Have men in these last days become
so silly that with old bones and stones, and footmarks, thejmaj- be led to deny the very God that made them ? But
was not this folly foretold ages ago by the inspired Hebrew
prophets ?
(to be routinurii.)

TI I KS U N ’STHE

FROM TITE E A R T H .

D IST A N C E FROM, AN DOV ER, T H E 1':ARTH.

M OTIONM\- much esteemed friend, the h'd. of 'fhe Earth. hasT
requested me to write a short article dealing with the follou-ing questions, \A’hich ha\ e been put b\- a correspondent :(O W’hat distance the sun is from the Earth? (2) Whatis the diameter of the Earth? (3) How far off is the
sun at rising or setting, so-called, say at 6 a.m. and 6 p.m.,or betw'een seasons ? (4) W hat is the law of light as tointensit}- and distance?
In our present remarks the article appearing in the lastissue of J'he Earth, under the title of The Earth and Its'Theorizers, must be taken as read. It was there stated that" t h e practical proofs that the sun is not 5,000 miles distantfrom the Earth would require a special article ; ” but we may
offer some idea by gi\ ing two impromptu drawn sketches—the first representing the sun at a supposed distance of
95,000,000 feet (18,000 miles) ; it is marked on a scale ofj-inch to 1,000 miles—as annexed;,\s u n 's

DI ST ANCE FKOM T H E

EARTH.

0j

A, the sun direct over its centre
c o u rse ; B, the perpendicular line ;C, the shadow line ; D, the horizontal
line from the eqvjator to the place
where the shadow is supposed to betaken, 3,000 miles north of the equa­
tor, and, on the triangular principle,
in March or September the shadowof the sun would be one foot from aperpendicular object six feet high.
What actually occurs is altogether
different. The supposed c n n e of the
Earth in 3,000 miles could not in
any reasonable conjecture account forthe shadow of six feet perpendicularbeing nearly seven feet on March
2 1 St .

Leaving the investigator to calcu­
late on a scale of 95,000,000 miles,
with 3,000 miles for the base, we
may be excused for referring at thispoint to Mr. Davidson, who says thata spherist holds that the Earth’s dia­meter is 8,000 miles,its circumference
being 24,000 miles.
H e instances
the fact that the sun is visible atMidsummer from 3 a.m. to 9 p.m.
This is fully explained in The M idN ight Stm (a twopenny pamphlet by“ Z e tete s” ), and further by M. Du
Chaillu in 'J'he L and o f the M idnight Sim. In accepting
the deduction that the earth and sea together form a vast
circular plane—the surface of the standing water being level— when the sun is on or over the equator its light extends
to the North Centre, and a spectator on or near the Arctic
Circle can see it at midnight, the sun trav^elling round in acircle requiring 24 hours for its completion.

T H E S U N ’S DI S TAN CE FROM T H E EARTH.,

We now direct our readers’ attention to the following ;
B

A

IJ

‘I'he foregoing is on a scalc of one inch to i , o o o miles.
Take A as the sun ; B, the line of the sun’s course northof the equator from March 2 ist to June 21st; C, shadow'line 3,000 miles north of the sun’s centre course ; D, hori­zontal line from the equator to the place ^^■here the shadowof the sun was taken ; K, the perpendicular line of the sun'scentre coiu'se ; F, the perpendicular line of the sun on June
21st, when the sun is said to be 23 deg. 27 m. north of theequator, i.e., 1,407 miles. 15)' subtracting 1,407 miles from
3,000 miles, the distance of the south of Hampshire northof the equator, lea\-es a balance of 1,593 miles to form thebase line of the triangle. The shadow of any pcrpendicular
object 12 feet high, being 6 ft. 2 in. long, let us take 1,593
miles for the base line, the obliciue line slanting in the
proportion of 6 ft. 2 in. horizontalK’, and 12 ft. in the per­pendicular position ; the proportion of the oblique line wouldlie 12 miles rise to 6 miles and one-si.xth in the horizontal
line. Coming to the final result we find by the distanceth e

co n stitu en t

ELEi MENTS OF N A T U R A L i iODIES.

55

of the horizontal line to the same perpendicular posi­tion, on June 21st, of the oblique line, is that it reaches theheight of 3,100 miles— as the distance of the sun above the]{arth.
This method of demonstrating the distance of the sun
from the Earth may be proved at a distance of about 2,000
miles north, and the same south of the sun’s centre course
on March 2ist, or .September.
The third question as to any differentiation in the altitudeof the sun at 6 a.m. and 6 p.m., is nullified b}' the position
taken up b)- Zetetics.
In regard to the fourth question': “ W hat is the law oflight as to intensity and distance ? ” W'e opine that mostof the ]3rofessors are “ in the dark ” upon this subject. The
dictionar)' makers describe light as “ that which makes
objects visible ” (absence of darkness). We know that thisis a negative explanation ; but who can tell what is light ?
God said, “ Let there be lig h t” before He made the lights
in the firmament, and the “ two great lights, the greaterlight to rule the night,” day and night being caused by the
motion of the sun over a stationary Earth— lengthening
the day or shortening it according to its position and mo­
tions, sailing around the Earth as around an island—for, asPeter says, the Earth is standing (as ships at anchor) “ inthe water and out of the water ; ” but of course there arelaws governing light. To enter further upon this subject
would however require another article.

c o N ,S T iT U ]':x T]-:l i <:m k n t sofnatural
BODIES,AND
GOD’S LAW W H IC H CO N TR O LS TH EM .

“ E a r t h , water, air, and fire include all natural bodies.”
This theory, which was propounded by Anaximenies, B.C.
548, passed current amongst scientists until Dr. Priestley“ discovered ” and published ( 1774-79) that air is not a simple
clement, but a compound of different gases.
Cavendishabout the same time, “ discovered ” that water is not a simpl;

JTj

Tfir C O X s T i r U E N ' T ELE Ml - X TS 01 ' XATUUAI , BODIES-

element, but a compound of ox\’gen and hydrogen.
Sir
Humphrey Davy.“ discovered,” in the early part of the 19th
century, that earth is not a simple element, but the oxideof a metal. Materialists have since attempted to prove thatthe different sorts of matter (65 in number) are the con­stitutional elements of all natural bodies—light, heat, elec­
tricity, force, and life being merely “ conditions of matter.”
The foregoing theory not being satisfactory, and, believingthat the 65 supposed elements are diffei'ent sorts of matter,I have come to the conclusion that heat is caloric, and thatforce is m o to r ; that matter, caloric and motor, form theconstituent elements of all natural bodies— and that eachelement exists in three states— “ under the control of God’s
Law.”
1 submit them in a tabulated form, as the basis ofscientific kno\^•ledge ;—

mmC"'
ij
■:
mm

: God’s Law—which controls
07. Chemical.y j'4. Latent- 1 I. Solid^
5.
Sensibleh'luid
16. Luminous 3 '12.3. \'ai>our

8. M e c h a n ic a l

M.'\'rTi:i<.— Sf)lid matter is made manifest in the solid
earth.
Fluid matter is made manifest in the Great World’s
ocean ; in the negati\'e electric fluid with which the l^artli andits ocean are charged—and in the positi\’e elcctric fluidcn\’eloping the (jreat World.
('Ar.OKK'.--Latent caloric (latent heat) «-as disco^•ered in
I 756 by Dr. J?lack, and is fouiid to be a constituent element,in chemical union ^\•ith the other two elements, in de-finite
ijuantitics, in all bodies. Water contains 140 degrees, andsteam 950 degrees, but, while latent, its presence cannot be
detected by any k'nown means. Sensible caloric (free heat)affects the temperature of bodies, and the quantities associ­ated with them can be measured b\- the thermometer—and,
while it continues in this state, it is free to pass from one
body of matter to another without altering their chemical
constitutions.— I.uminous caloric renders the matter wifh
which it exists incandescent, or luminous to the sense ofsight, and \-isible in the dark.
Mo 'I’OK.— Clhemical motor unites the other two elements
and unites with them, in definite quantities, to form bodies,l\lechanical motor alters the positions of the bodies after thev

REPLY

TO

A

C O K R E . S l ’O X I J E X T .

3/

are formed without altering their chemical compositions.
Vital motor is associated with animal and vegetable life, andis communicated to animals in the oxygen gas which forms
part of the air they inhale— the positive electricity in suchgas supplying the vital force for pulsation and muscularaction—and the latent heat in such gas supplying the freeheat necessar}' to animal life, while it is transforming, by
combining with the carbon which it takes from the veins,blood int:) the carbonic-acid-gas the\* exhale.
About 25 years ago, M. Martin proved before the Acad­emy of Science, Paris, that oxygen gas consists of oxygen
chemically combined with positive electricity—and that hy­
drogen gas consists of hydrogen chemicall}- combined withnegative electricity.
It will also be seen b>- the foregoing tabulated arrange­
ment, and explanations, that the figures i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9, figuratively represent the nine states of the three constit­
uent elements of natural bodies, and that the O figuratively
represents God’s Law (of action and re-action, equal ando|jposite) controlling God's Earth and the mechanical move­ments of bodies on His Earth—which the Bible plainly says
is “ founded upon the waters; standing in and out of thewaters.”X A V IE R F IE L D .

RE PL YTOA

CORRESPONDENT(T.H.A.)As you say, in your letter under date Aug. 7th, the deathof Mr. Me Innes is a loss to the Zetetic Society, and 1 noteyour reference to one of Mr. Me Innes’ pamphlets, in which
he states that “ the secret of the proportion between theradius and the circumference of a circle is revealed in
1 Kings vii. 23. This verse states that the molten sea wasten cubits from brim to brim, and that a line of thirty cubits
encompassed it round about—i.e., the ratio is i to 3.” You
go on to say ; we “ knoxv however by actual experiment thatthe ratio is approximately 7 to 22.”
I m a y b e s o m e w h a t o b t u s e , b u t I fail t o s e e t h a t t h e r a t i o
of

I

to

3,

and

a

ra tio“ A P P R O X IM A T E L Y

7 to

2 2 ,” c a n b e

58

R E PL Y TO A C O K R E S P O K D E X T .

construed into an\-thing approaching a contradiction ofterms or facts. The resultants in both instances are prac­
tically the same.
The Tabernacle was built according to the express com­mand of God ; but the Temple, Solomon’s house, and theHouse of the Forest of Lebanon, were only built by the
Lord’s permission. The Tabernacle was a type of worshipon earth (which has a temporary character)— e\-ery part ofit, and every vessel, or other appliance to be used in it wasmade according to a divinely appointed pattern ; but wehave no divine revelation that the measurements set forth in
I K ings vii. can be applied to measurements concerning the
Earth. Therefore any deductions that our fallible minds
may arrive at must be taken at their true value.
The letters in The Echo on the subject of The Shape o f
the Earth have been of a varied character ; but on the whole
the plane-earth averment has been upheld. Mr. Davidson,a freelance investigator, said that the spherists believe ourlarge ships can sail, bottom upwards, on the outer marginof a spherical world, revolving at a terrific velocity, without
falling into the surrounding abyss of empty space, which he(Mr. Davidson) held to be a physical impossibility. Nev\ ton’s
hypothetical laws of the Earth’s attraction do not help to
support the theorem of a spherical world, because Newton’s
apple ine\-itabl)- fell to the earth hy its own intrinsic weight,
being heavier than the surrounding atmosphere.
The
pianists hold that the earth and sea are e.vtended planes, on
which men and ships are securel)- kept within certain limits
b\' the great and perinanent mountains of ice which, as ademonstrated fact, surround tlie world on which we live,
move, and have our being.
“ Iconoclast” has also pointed out that there is no actual
cuivation of the horizon. ]]uilders on the coast, when theirwork runs parallel to the horizon, repeated!)' make use of it
to trite their ^\-ork perfectl}' horizontal.
As to relative distances north and south of the ec]uator,
it goes without saying that the navigator attaches greatim])ortantan;e to these distances.
Difference of opinion
e.Kists on this point, but of course if it is proved t h a t the
distance between longitude 20 east and 60 west north of theequator is shorter than that between the same meridianssouth of the equator, then the theorj' of the Earth’s spheric­ity ^^■onld be e.vploded.

R E P l.V

TO A C O R R E S P O X D E X T .

Our esteemed correspondent, Mr. Middleton, has promisedin due course to furnish further information in this direction.
As to the inference that he makes a great deal of thedifference in temperature between the Gulf of Pichili
and Lisbon, in about the same latitude ; it is averredthat a similar thing is observable in the case of some otherplaces ; e.g., the Gulf of St. Lawrence is frozen six months
in the year, and Quebec is in about the same latitude, 48 N
nearer the Equator than London.
The river Danube, be­tween 42 and 46 N, is frozen in winter, but the rivers inFrance in the same latitude are not closed to navigation forthat reason.
This will all be accounted for later on. But the foregoing“ puzzles ” cannot be answered off-hand, bearing in mind
that there is extant a popular fallacy in connection with" degrees,’’ explained in some measure by “ Zetetes’ ” pamphlet, The M idnight Sun.
It is probable that the sun is not the sole factor which
determines the amount of heat received on different partsof the Earth’s surface—though the sun is the great heatafforder. Again, taking the Earth as a globe, the length ofthe degrees running along any meridional line would bemuch the same as the length of the degrees running roundthe Equator ; but, if the P^arth be a plane, then all the mer­
idian lines, instead of being arcs of circles will be straightand horizontal. A meridian of longitude on the globe theory
would be about 6,250 statute miles long from the so-calledpole to the Equator ; but, on the Plane-Earth system, it
would be about 4,000 miles, representing 44 miles to a de­gree ’Instead of 6g i ; but equatorial degrees being taken
along a circle, would be uniform, whilst meridional degrees,
being taken along a plane surface, would differentiate withthe distance from the Equator.
Admitting these variants we arrive at a possible solution
in respect to differences of temperature inexplicable upon
the globular theory of the Earth ; j'et, whether the altitudeof the sun differs at different periods of the day and j-ear
seems a question that cannot as yet be answered definitel)-,or clearly proved apart from hypothetical conclusions.
Personall)', we believe it does not. Rut our personal belief
carries no weight without substantial proofs.
Further considerations must be held over for the present.

TTf)MF.LV TALKS.

fio

h o m 1':l \T heR kalrio.\ri-;LVtalks.

R easonW hy.

In the New Testament there are many warnings given us
against false teachers and false doctrines.
The apostle Peter says that as there were false prophets
amongst the Israelites of old, so “ shall there be amongst
you (Christians),who privily shall bring in damnable heresies.”“ And many,” he adds, “ shall follow their pernicious ways ;by reason of whom the way of truth shall be evil spokenof.’’— 2 Pet. ii. I , 2.
We see the fulfilment of this prophecy in our own day.
Ungodly teachers, and even some who profess to be Chris­tians, are bringing in speculations, and doctrines in thename of religion and “ science ” which are rapidly under­
mining belief in the inspiration of the Bible, and the doc­trines of the Christian religion.
When the enem)’ of mankind tempted the Man ChristJesus he first tried to corrupt Him morally, by offering theworld’s wealth if He would only bow down and worship him.
Failing to so ensnare Him, he afterwards tried to take away
His life, and he succeeded through human instruments in
his awful and murderous aim. But God raised Jesus fromthe dead, and afterwards took-Him bodil}’ to heaven.
With the followers of Christ he reversed the plan. He
at first caused many of them to be put to death ; but still
the truth of God flourished.
Then through the Emperor Constantine he offered them
wealth and worldly advancement.
This corrupted many,and true faith seemed to decline. The “ dark ages ” closedin (n’er the world ; and the true faith was hidden in thesecret and inaccessible places of the Earth.
Still the truth existed ; and some “ chosen vessels ” in allages kept the Commandments of God, and the faith of Jesus,
and held fast also to Bible Cosmogony.
Then the Reformation blazed forth “ and light was sownfor the righteous.” Truth came to the front again. Printing
was discovered. The Bible was printed in the vulgar tongue.
'I'hc enemy prompted his human instruments and agents

talks.

6r

to seek out, and even to buy up, all the Bibles they could
find, S3 that the Word of God might be destroj'cd, and theBibles be burnt that the light of Truth might be extinguished.
But better Bibles were printed and more of them. Thus thetruth triumphed and so the plan failed.
Profitting by past experience, the enem)' grew more subtle
and a deeper plan was laid. The multiplication of Bibles
could not be stopped, therefore let them be corrupted. So“ Catholic ” translations of the Bible were printed,'corrupting
the original texts in favour of idolatry and Mariolatry. .Stillfaithful translations multiplied and they did good work,
strengthening the minds of men and purifying their heartsl^y faith.
And now a deeper scheme came into operation.
Men
sprang up in our seats of learning, and in famous universities
on the continent, who threw doubt upon the Bible as a merehuman book or compilation of books, uninspired and un­
scientific. This scheme prospered and has attained vast
proportions, and it seems now likely to succeed where otherplans have failed.
So that an earnest word of warning is needed against
these false doctrines which are everywhere corrupting theminds of men from the simplicity of the truth and faith inGod. Take for instance the writings of the so-called
UKUIER CRITICS.

They first attack the authorit)- of the New Testament.
But this was happily defended by men equally learned, who]3roved the epistles of Paul were genuine and the four gospels
faithful narratives of historical events.
The downgrade critics now attack the Old Testament, andtheir chief attacks are directed against Genesis in particularand the Pentateuch in general. They see in Genesis thefoundation of the Hebrew and Christian religions, so its
authority must be overthrown.
The account of Creation is supposed therefore to be a
“ myth.” Men raised up by God, such as Abraham, Isaac,
Israel, Moses, and others, are supposed to be merely poetical“ heroes.” No proof is given, but their theory requires thesehypotheses. The Bible is said to be only a human pro­duction, and the miraculous history of Israel in the past is
nothing more than poetical fiction and exaggeration.

6.3

LEV K LLIX C; A N D T H E O D O L IT E

IIO M K LY T.VLKS.

These so-called “ liigher critics ” are trying to lower every­
thing that is good in connection with our most holy faith.
They would level everything downwards which is connectedwith a Personal God.
They ought therefore to be called
the Downgrade Critics, or the Lower Critics.
But the fault with these destructive critics is that they arc
not critical enough ; they attempt to pull down but do net
try to build up. Their objections against the Bible and its
divine inspiration are for the most part subjective, andelaborated out of their own inner consciousness and not from
historical evidence, or even from the facts of Nature.
But these Lower Critics are being answered by educatedmen who have formed themselves into what is called “ The
Bible League.” We wish them God speed in their goodwork. Their efforts in support of the Inspiration of the
Bible are in harmony with the work of true Zetetics. We
only wish that they could see the truth of Zeteticism. We
think it would help them much in their good work.
Li a book entitled Criticism Criticised, containing a num­
ber of addresses on Old Testament Criticism, one writer,
F. E. .Spencer, M.A., well sa\’s ; “ It is well for those whosteer to see rocks ahead.
Li some subtle and diffusive
influences there lurks manifest danger.
It is a .STRONC
D E L U S IO N which boasts to sea no more the glory and thehandiwork of Jehovah in the universe, but only the glory ofCopernicus, and Newton, and Darwin, and others....... The
fear of God is gone when there remains no traces of His
action.”The

R e .\s o \oeit

W ORK.

something very valuable, or it must contain something very
valuable. Or, on the other hand, it must be peculiarly ob­
noxious to the beseiging party and obstructive to their final
aims, to call forth such persistent and powerful attacks.
(to be contimied, D. J\ )L E V E L L IN G AND T H E O D O L I T E WORK.
In a trade journal for building operatives, entitled B uilding
World, during the end of 1900 and beginning of 1901,
Professor Henry Adams, M. I.C. E., wrote an article on Level­ling and Theodolite Work, and in Vol. xi., No. 271, p. 242,
he explains a' le\el line thus :“ A level line is a line that is everywhere equi-distantfrom the centre of the earth, although for short distances
it may be taken as the same as a ‘ horizontal line,’ which
is at right angles to a radius of the earth where the levelis set up, or a tangent to a ‘ great circle.’ ”
He illustrates the difference between a true level and ap­
parent level thus ;
; a

,,v

A ll.

I'here are soiue who cannot see this, and who, therefore,gi\ e these destructive critics credit not only for honesty, but
tor godliness ! Yet these men attack the VV'ord of God
while the astronomers are secretly undermining our faith in
the Creation of God. In fact God is being spirited awaj’ as
it were both from Ilis Word and His Works.
If a fortress was being attacked on all sides, time after
time, persistently and with all the force of modern inventions
and science, we should be poor logicians if we could not
see that there must be some strong reason tor all this ex­
penditure of time, talent, and force. The fortress must ber ^ .d .
CENTRE'^’ OF EARTH

L evelling and T h eod olite W o r k .

But, without going into his calculations in connection withcurvature, let us examine his illustration. He has made a“ true level ” a curved line, and a straight line an “ apparent
level.” But how does that work out in practice ? When we
start an}' works, either large or small, we ah\’ays start from

64

•I

TO

T lir.

ElilTOR.

a. “ level” line, and Z/'rt/'a perfectly straight one ; all found­ations are levelled with a “ straight-edge ” that has beentested and proved to be perfectly straight—and all plumbor vertical lines are at right-angles to the level or horizontal
ones.
Every foreman considers his work true when donein accordance with the foregoing rules, but according toProfessor Adams it is only apparently so, and for us to geta true level we should have to use slightly curved straight­
edges, and according to his diagram, if one outside wall wereat right angles to our level, or what he calls “ apparent
level,” the other would be at an obtuse angle (see extended
dotted lines on diagram).
Yet if Professor Adams wereto get two plummets attached to the largest and finest wire
he could obtain, like Foucault’s Pendulum, and hang themat a certain distance apart he would find that they would
hang perfectly parallel by the most delicate measurements,
whereas, according to his diagram, they should be wider at
the top than the bottom, because both plummets should bepointing to the centre of the Earth, and, by way of further
proof, if he were to get a level line between the two plumblines, he would find that it would be right angles to bothlines, whereas (according to his diagram) if it was at rightangles to the one it would be an obtuse angle to the other(see A and B on diagram) so tliat practice and theor\- do
not work one with the other. J3 nt what puzzles me is thata I’rofessor and an M.I.C.E. should make such assertions
without the slightest proof; if he were to start his lessons,by giving a valid proof of the Earth’s rotundity, then there
would be no need of the word lheor\- in connection u'ith the“ globe.” But in absense oipro o f common-sense should
reign supreme. Crockham Hill.
C. R. EVAN.S.

TO

THE

i':D rr o R .

PS?

m

g |i

1 thank you for the copies of The Echo and otherpapers for perusal, which I have read with interest, andwhich 1 now return.

TO

THE

EDITOR.

65

I think 1 may claim to be a “ pianist” born, for my firstconvictions were—concerning Earth, sea, and stars—( i) A fixed and stationary Earth (dryland).
(3) “ The gathering together of the waters called He
seas."(3) The sun, moon, and stars, are lights in the firma­
ment of hea\-en.
My first lessons in Geography, being contrary to the tenetsof reason, tended to deepen such convictions. I was taughtthat “ the earth mo\-es on its own axis,” and, on asking“ What is its a x is ? ” the same Geography answered, “ theaxis is an imaginary line, &c.”
Some years afterwards I came across The liarth Not a
Globe, by “ Parallax,” (small edition), the perusal of which
was further confirmation. Then my brother was privileged
to hear “ Parallax” lecture on several successive evenings,
some years before, and it was interesting and instructive tolearn with what ability he was able to floor all comers, wiseand otherwise.
Difficulties of course there are—which we are bound toadmit—whatever view of God’s works we take, and it surel}'is no sign of weakness to admit the fact. Things there are-loe do not know, and for the matter of that no one knows,
though some profess to know measures, weights, and dis­
tance infinite. The Lords says, otherwise Jer. xxxi. 37.
in much of our literature there appears to be repetition,but, b)' comparison, we have far less unnecessary repetition
than our opponents. We do speak that we know, and thatnr.t by tradition, but by practical facts after e.xamination.
One asks me. W hat great men ha\'e )^ou on your side ?
It matters not who is, or who is not, on our side, the truth
remains—whether our con\ ictions agree or not—great men
ai'c not always wise.
You \\'ill be pleased to know that a growing interest in theI'.arth is still being taken by many young men in their Classes
in the North, and we hav'e several invitations to address
them on the subject. I have accepted one invitation ; and in
October it is proposed to have first a Lantern Lecture andshow all the slides I have had made of the diagrams from“ Parallax’s ” large edition (about 60 slides), with otherviews shovN'ing the result in line perspective by photography.
Then, the following Friday evening, one holding opposite

THE
TO

T in :

E a U T H 'S OhSERV ATOKV’,

ic n iT o R .

\'ie\vs will d e b a t e \\'ith m e t h e p r in c i p le s in\-olved. W'e lo o k
for a n i n t e r e s t i n g tim e , o f w h ic h y o u m a y h e a r m o r e ind u e co u rse .
T o d o j u s t i c e to so g r e a t a s u b je c t, w ith its
m a n y p a r ts , d e s e r v e s m o r e t h a n 1 ca n give it in a b ility , tim e ,67

A ll communicaUons and enquiries respecting this Magazine and the teaching it
upholds, a n d a ll questions a n d matter fo r insertion, should be addressed to
I I , Gloucester Road, Kingston H ill.

and treasure.

It were well for the cause if there were more connectedwith it who could, or would, shew the enthusiasm and energ)'
you have done and are still doing. Some of us are prepared
to rest satisfied with much less evidence than others desire.
To us the Word of God is evidence enough.
I'he ancients,who held the Co.smogon}* of Moses, as handed
do«-n for ages, were -svise—they did not make the mistakes,
nor admit the changes, that great (?) men do now when
discussing the Earth. We need not go into the stars ; but
I suppose there is no living astronomer who can account
for'the phases of the moon, visible during the past week, on
their present theory of the moon's phases. On Aug, 25th,at 9 a.m., the sun was seen in the hea\ ens, in close proximity
to the moon.
ISAAC SM ITH .

In our next issiie we shall cotnmcnce two important arti­cles—one by Dr. Kichcs, entitled : Stretched Out I'pon the
Heaters ,■and another from the Genllcinan's Magnziiicon the true Cause of the Tides.
IM PO RTA N T N O T IC E .— Several letters and Postal
Orders ha\ing been lost in the Post, the Ed. would deem ita favour if correspondents would kindly register all lettersand packets containing either mone\’ or M.SS.
W A N T E D .—A copy of Carpenter s 100 Proofs, with Ap­
pendix, No. 12.
The Ed. of 77 /f/irt/-/'//would deem it apersonal favour if an\- of our readers could forward a cop\-of
the abo\'e.
T H E S A B B A T H OF C R E A T I O K : or, the True
Lord's D ay.—The Organ of the Sabbath Keepers’ Union.
Edited and co-published b}- the Ed. of The Earth. Price,
One Penny, MonthI}’. Printed and co-published by Mr.
•S. M. Brown, Commerce House, Wood Green, I.ondon, N.

“ THE

E A R T H ’S ”

The
E a ith s Observatory,

OBSERVATORY.

fndorse statements made under the headings o f ‘ ‘ The
Letters, etc., unless signed E d. The Earth.

“ S e v e r a X. years ago Professor S . P. Langley devised un instrument by meansof which a change of tem perature of less than one hundred thousandth part ofa degree could be detected. T his was a noteworthy accomplishment, but henow announces that it has been greatly exceeded.
H e has found it possible
to observe a difference of tem perature so small as one-hundred-m illionth of adegree. By means of ibis instrum ent Professor Langley has studied the radia­
tions of the moon, and he finds that, to a large extent, they are not the sun’s
rays reflected by the surface.”
The article goes on to say ; “ Though the moon is not self-luminous, and thelight by which we see it is reflected sunlight, a large proportion of non-luminous
rays—am ounting in fact to more than one-half of the total radiation—comesfrom the lunar soil itself.”“ This investigation is still being carried on as opportunity occurs, so further
information upon the radiations of the moon may be expected.”
T he above extracts are from the Leisure Hour, August, p. 880.
So here is another tradition o f our school days gone—but the school books, I
suppose, remain the same. I must leave it to others to harmonize the appar­
ently opposite statem ents given above, though, as more experiments are to bemade and the investigation is consequently incomplete, it would be advisable
to wait until they have been brought to a conclusion.—F.N .

LADV B L O U N T IN W OOD G K E E X .— In Bowes Park and neighbourhood
there are members of the Universal Zetetic Society (believers that the earth isflat and not a globe !) and there are also Christian Sabbath-keepers, and theeditress of The E arth addressed a meeting of them at 327, H igh Road, W ood
Green, on last Sunday evening.
Her ladyship combatted the H ypothesis of the earth being a globe, and said
that, according to the Bible, the earth has immovable foundations. She quoted
1 Sam. ii. 8, Isaiah xlviii. 13, and Psalms xci. 1 and xcvi. 10., and from thesetexts argued that the earth is not a revolving planet.
According to theWord of God, she also urged, it is the sun which moves round the earth, andnot the earth which moves about the sun, and this nullifying of the Holy
Scriptures, she declared, was on a par with man’s changing of the seventh day‘ the Sabbath of the Lord ’ to the heathen festival of Sunday.
T he m eeting was closed with prayer.” — The Sentinel, Aug. l/ith.

THt:

EAk'l'H'S UBSERVATOKV.

“ ARE W E -MO\'!NG ?—A Slvange L etter ami Some Ken.'ctions on it.—We
liave received a letter which must be from one of tiie Bible believers that theworld is flat, who, as reported last week, were addressed in W ood (Jreen theother Sunday evening by L ady Bloiinl. Tlie writer—A. Hoii)d—calls it ‘ alittle bit on higher education ’ ! She—the hand-writing is feminine—says :I have a little girl going to the Board school and she says sometimes
the curate conies and gives the children a lesson out of the Bible, and I
suppose that he would tell them that (icid made the sun and moon for lights
and to divide the day from the night f nd for signs and seasons and fordays and years. And I suppose he would also read Joshua x. chapter, where
we find : ‘ And the sun stood still and the moon stayed,..So the sun stoodstill in the midst ofheaven and hasted not to go down about a whole day.*Novi', sir, if the sun stood still at that lime I understand that it must havebeen in the habit of going round our earth before, and ever since. Now,
sir, as a Christian, I believe all this and teach my children to believe it too.
W ell, then comes a lesson by one of the teachers on Geography, ar.dshe tells the children that the sun does not move, but that our earth goesround the sun. Strange, but false, I say. How do I know ? Perhaps
p u can tell me. Or, shall I tell you that (iod made our earth so sure thatit shall not move at any time. H ath God forgotten all tin's, and is it some
imp of mischief that is turning our earth round at the rate of more than athousand miles an hour ?
But on the other hand, if the Lord be God, whv' (lon't men and women
believe him ? We have been asking God to save the King, Yes, 1 say,
‘ God save our king and queen, God save and bless anti keep us all.’ But
why don’t the people serve the God, and praise Him ? Then shall the eartli
bring forth her increase and God, even our God, shall bless us.
This ‘ religious belief’ is doubtless ‘ conscientious,’ and supposing the believers
find money enough for a building, and 30 scholars, the State, under the new
Education Bill, will, we suppose, maintain the school in which this peculiar
geograpliy will be taught ! W hat more sur|irises us is the little girl’sstatem ent that the ‘ curate ’ gives lessons in ‘ the Board school ’ '. W hat curate
and what school ? The letter—though so strange in its contents—bears thestam p of being quite genuine though no ndtlress is given.”— I'Uc .SV////;/(’/,.\u g . l.">< jR E \’ K .\T ’I’LE.S!J (PS. .\.ll new ly commissioned sliips in the Jiritish Navv
are in future to be painted grey, the hulls, funnels, masts, and boats being allof the same shade.
O .her nations have been devoting attention to the possibilily of making their warships invisible at short dis'ances at sea, and at last
the British Admiralty has taken the m atter up with this result. — The 67nr, 13|8'02(If the liorlzon is a fix e d Hmil, and it should bew tre the world a globe, why notsave the expense of grey painting, and hide just beyond the horizon whenthe enemy is about ?— Ed.'|T H E M \R T H (Kingston H ill; 11, Gloucester Road).— This ]>ublication,
which is described as a magazine of sense and science, is to hand, and is intended
for the m onths of August and September. I t contains many articles, one of themost interesting being “ Signalling by H eliograph,” by E. E. M iddleton.—l^iilhn's K fiii A}^ns.
ITHE

e a r t h ’s

OiiSEKVATORV.

6yt h e D ISA PPEA R ..\N C E O E s h i p s A T SE A E X P L A IN E D BY T H E
t r u e LAW S O F P E R S P E C T IV E ; by “ B.” —A reprint of this article is

now re ad y ; copies may be obtained from the Ed.

T he Scriptural Cosmogony has only been rejected by educated men in Europe
since the times of Copernicus and Newton. Prior to this period a ll educatedmen believed in the Mosaic account of .Creation. The true nature and order of
the Universe aftects and interests men and women of a ll nationalities, and many
thousands of individuals in a ll the different countries of the world have labelled
the Scripture-contradicting globular theorv, as“ S C IE N C E FA L S E L Y S O -C A L L E D .”LETTERS-“ 1 am pretty well through your books, but fear 1 cannot assimilate your ideas
as I was brought up a mathematician, and went in for trigonom etry and astron­omy. I find that the question of light alone upsets the whole mass of evidence
you have so cleverly put fo th. Please don’t be angry with me.
It will rather startle you when I tell you that I was introduced to Parallax,
and heard him lecture once. Parallax told me how he became hypnotized with
the idea when seven years old, and, after one hour’s discussion with me, heacknowledged that the laws of light completely upset his theory, and he soldout, to Jno. Ham pden, a very honest simple-minded man, all his copyrights andstock of books for £150, five days after and came out with a company advertiz­ing “ Dr. Birley’s Phosphorous”—and I found after that he had been a Dr. at
Liverpool, and was struck ofl'' the list for some illegal practices, and had passed
under seven different names—including Rowbottom, Parallax, and Birley. Dr.
Wyld, the homoeopath, had searched i.hrough the British Museum and foundthis for me.
I met Jno. Ham pden after this, and got from him how he was taken in by
the horizon puzzle at sunset, and seeing ships masts first. H am pden was shortsighted and could not see through an astronomical telescope distinct objects.
Mine I had in Belfast—an 8-ft. N ewtonian—twenty limes the power of Newton’s
own ones. As for the Bedford Level, a wager was laid—^Jno. Ham pden against
Alfred Russell W allace—that it was as you say ; but it was proven to be exactiv
as given in astronomical works, but, being a wager, the judges (legal) compelled
A. R. W allace to return the £500 as it was not a wager to prove the Bedford
river truly level.
Now they are going towards the South Pole, and may come to the Magnetic
Pole—as they did to the North Pole—and this is changing yearly in a spiralcurve as the earth, toppling, varies its position during rotation, so that it may
easily be inferred that at one time or other the present equinoxial line, in parts,
may become the N orth and South Poles. T hink of Parallax assuming the sun’s
distance to be 590 miles ; and the distance of the sun at rising time (say 6
o’clock) to be 8,000 miles off, while at 12 it is only 500 when overhead—while
ihe light’s intensity for photography is exactly the same, in place o f being the

T H E E A K T l i's UJtiSKRVATOKV.

tIilTereiice of ihe sqiuiivs of these distances—or as 1 is to •25ti.
Vour distancewould make this less somewhat o f course, but still contrary to all the laws oflight.
Please take my word for ray heartfelt sympathy for you in your desire to stick
to truth. We are all liable to err. When I first heard of mesmerism I condemned
it as trickery—for I had paid for lessons in jugglery—and I travelled by coach
30 miles to expose it at a public exhibition, but I was allowed to test subjects
and I demons'.rated my own power in it, much to the delight of the mesmeristand the large audience. I demonstrated clairvoyance as w e ll; so I feel for you
very much ; but please think over what I have told you.
W hen I wTTOte for information I had no idea that anybody in your position
could be associated with the idea, and I was tardy in revealing what I knew ofthe originator of the idea, feeling it must shock you to know this. I may fiu'ther tell you that J. Ham pden complained to me of Parallax after selling out tohim, then telling him that the sun’s distance must be materially augmented toaccount for certain phenomena, without saying what these were, and he lookedon him as a renegade to his teachings and an unprincipled man when it waspurely hypnotic ignorance without calculation ; purely assumption.
Vours very truly, J. W.

THE

E A R T H ’S O BSERV ATOKV .

71

proof in former numbers of 7'he E arth that the astronomers are as far from thetruth respecting the laws of light as they are respecting tlie general structure of
the universe, and the shape of the Earth. We beg to refer our critics to thesearticles.
Personally the W ord of Got! is our chart, but nevertheless, we hope never tounderestimate the valuable testim ony of such mental athletes as Zetetes, Parallax,
Rectangle, E. E. M iddleton, H. H .Squire,D r.E . W .Bullinger, Gen.E.A rm strong
Xaxier Field, and other men far too numerous to name individually, all of whom
have done their best to support the true Cosmogony.

“ 1 think '1 he E arth is really what it claims to be, a magazine of sense and.science.” —C. K. E.

The Earth magazine increases in value and interest every m onth.”—J. L.
The above letter is written by one whom we esteem very much, but as it con­tains statem ents often repeated to us with a view of upholding the globularteaching, we think it best to print it with a short reply, as follows.
Our correspondent, who says he was “ brought up a mathematician,” is sur­prised we believe in the plain truth as set forth by Moses regarding Cosmogony.
He saj’s that the “ laws of light ” completely upset Parallax’s teaching and thathe acknowledged it.
In the first place I would state that neither myself nor
the one to whom I am indebted for having exposed to me the unscripturalnessof the Globe theory, have yet read Parallax’s works, and I am only conversant
with a few paragraphs from his writings through having seen them quoted inother people’s articles. T he fact that we desired to re-publish Parallax’s Earth
No! a Globe, will show that wo had a high opinion of that work, based upon
the opinion of those whose judgm ent we esteem very highly.
Nevertheless, we must adm it that personally we differ from the conclusions
arrived at by Parallax in some things. Also, we cannot close our eyes to thefact that however valuable the weight of evidence from a learned standpoint, andfrom learned individuals, may be in unveiling the truth and in proving to un­
believers that the Bible is scientifically accurate in ever)' line, and is the very
Trn/h, yet it should be remembered that neither mathematicians, nor
any lunnan beings or methods, are the originators of Truth.
And true Cos­
mogony is no more a man-made invention titan the way of salvation.
But as Parallax is dead and cannot speak fur himself our correspondent had
better leave personal m atters and give iis those “ laws o f l i g h t , w h i c h hethinks demolish our teaching. He says that if the sun were as near to the earth
as we affirm it is, the intensity of light, for photographic purposes, would bevery different at sunrise from what it is at noon ; whereas, he aftimis “ the light’s
intensit\‘ for photography is practically the sam e.” W hatever may be the in­tensity of the chemical rays required by photography common observation showsthat the intensity of the light of the sun is greater at noon than it is imm ediately
after sunrise.
If Parallax was “ hypnotized ” we should think it would be by some argument
more ])owerfuI than this. It is the old juggler’s trick of getting his audience lolook up at the ceiling while he m anipulates something on the table !
If our critics want u i to change our views respecting the shape of the Earththey must com.- down to the earth, and not try to hypnotize us by gazing above
an t talkin.^j vague generalities about “ the laws of light ” ! /.etetes has offered

Dear Lady Blount,— 1 have to thank you very much for the August number ofyour very interesting, suggestive, and stimulative m onthly The E arth. It is notoften we find a work on scientific lines (and especially when it takes an attitude
adverse to the modern received opinion) carried on with such force and candour.
It seems to me, that a work of this nature is particularly useful in inciting
people to think ; and if it is capable of that, it accomplishes iriuch ; for of allthings it is the most difficu't to get the ordinary human being to think ; and sounwittingly he gives the palm to modern notions, and shelves the statementsof Scripture.
I have read ihe current number of The E arth with great interest and am glad
to find that the m eeting at Christ Church (where I had the pleasure of meetingyou) was useful and satisfactory.
M a y H e \N’h o m a d e t h e h e a v 'n s a n d e a rth ,A n d s e a s a n d all th e r e in ;S o o r e ’ m e n ’s e y e s ; d isp e l t h e d e a rth
O f i n t e r e s t , t r u t h lo w in .

W ith much respect, yours faUbfully,
Most Rev. C. I. ST E V E N S, D .D ., L L D ., elc.

Q U E ST iO N S

AN DANSW ERS.

Answer to G. W. Winckler, E sq., C .E .— Kindly note that the letter you referto, from C. W. Asher, G .E ., comes under the heading of The Earth's Observa­
tory, p. 36.

THK

iiAKTIl'SOliSEKNATOKV.

(^1,— Ilow is it pussible tlial tlie sun, moou, and stars could freely move as
they do “ in the heavens,” orfttm am ettt, if it (the firmament) is a solid structure
as some teach ? A .—The firmament is a solid expanse over our heads. If it
were not solid it would not be able to support the “ water above the firmament.”
The dome of St. Paul’s is made of solid material yet persons can walk about
in it. And so the dome of the heavens, or the firmament, although made ofsolid m atter, is concave towards us ."^o that the stars, sun, and moon, can all
move around and above the Earth, freely inside the firmament dome.

Q. — Have you seen the D aily M a il for to-day, the 9th ? If so what do you
think of the Rev. J. H. Smyth PigoU’s claim to be the Messiah? A .— I believe
it not, (see M att. xxiv. 23 and 2 4 ; Mark xiii. 21 and 2 2 ; Acts i. 11; andRev. I. 7). “ This .rame Jesus.” “shall see H im .”Reply to Z. E. U .—Firstly : Fire is the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen,i.e., two properties; this is agreed to, and we should deem it a favour if either
yourself, or any of our learned correspondents could describe the nature andconsistency of air, as per yours and latest arrived-at scientific fiat. Secondly :In spite of the deeply laid schemes of Satanic diplomacy, viz. : that man’s word
against God’s should be accepted, and false Cosmogony erected ; nevertheless,the Mosaic account and true order of Creation has not been lost sight of throughthe ages. But this item of truth has been upheld by varied supports, consistingof large and pow'erful communities and individuals,both notable and ignomii.ious.
■Strange it seems that among some of the most prominent supporters in the first
instance were the R.C. Church, Lord Bacon, and Dcscartes.
It cannot bedenied that the ancient R.C. Church believed in the Mosaic account of Creationfrom the fact that the decision of the Inquisition con( emned Galileo for teach­ing “ that the earth moved round the su n ; as such opinion was contrary to
Scripture.” Seven years after, that is in 1632, Galileo was again cited before
the Inquisition lor the same oft'ence, and after a trial of ten months was con­demned in June, 1633. The accounts of the nature of his punishm ent do notcorrespond. Let us not undervalue weight of evidence, and all helpful supportof Truth, come from whatever source it may. But let us remember that God
knows best which instruments to use. And let us seek Truth at all costs, eventhough it may condemn us.

E X P L A N A T I O N O F M I D D L E T O N ’S
A T T E M P T E D D I M E N S I O N S of T H E E A R T H .
The distances on this chart are those fo und by themodern steamship.
Dimensions mean the compass within which the whole
E arth lies.
This dimension is much smaller than one
would suppose.

The latitudes arc out as ' iuuch as 3 0 degrees an the
China side, and countries thought tropical are really Arctic
iu consequence. This has been explained in The E a rth
M agazine fo r the months o f March and Mav, 1902.
The Great Secret o f the E a rth lies in the G u lf o f Pichili,
which is quite 30 degrees out o f the Globe''s latitude.
Rivers in the G u lf o f Pichili freeze S O L I D fro m N ovem ­ber to March. This severity o f climate upsets the Globe's
latitudes, and allows o f a reasonable Ground Plan o f the . .
E arth.
The Longitudes are fairly representative.

M i d d l e t o n ’s

attem pted

DIMENSIONS OF THE EARTH/■-’i ''-

CH.

FRENCHD A M IE N ’S

IN

SYSTEM .

THREE

R E V IS E D E D m O N , 1902.
I’Ve have much pleasme in reconniiending the above work.
The booklet contains the three thousand words, and idioms,
which are most used in ordinary conversation ; sufficient toenable you to ,talk French all your life ; no fossil philologicalpeculiarities, but French as it is actually spoken in France..
Grammar underlies each group of examples, and we think
this a cleverly condensed method of teaching the Frenchlanguage.
J'he Author of French in Three Months -a\ s o gives Lessons
in Cxjnversational French to adults, at
128, C R O M W E L L ROAD, LONDON, S.W. ;
AM)

64,

ROSSLYN

M IL L ,,[iA M l'ST E A D ,. N.W.

I''riends of the Ed. of this Magazine can tostif\- to his ability
and agreeable wa\- of teaching.

Bryn Aber College and Home School
Fo r t h eBryn

D A U GHT ER S

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THE

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is lK*;^dlhy and pleasant, being on\y *2 nuiiutes’ walk from the sea» well shelleredby pines ; with perfect sanita ion, warm and comfortable carpeted bed and cl-^ss
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S])ecial facilities f<ir ac([uiring hiiit^iia^es, the best foreign governesses
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Price of Appliances £1 Is., £2 2s., & £3 3s.,
I n s t a lm e n t s m a y be a r r a n g e d i

EARTH.

VOL. 111 .

Nos. 29 & 30.

A L 1V 1-: .ASTRONO.MER,
SiTTlN'G

ON

TIIK

I'LAT

EAR'1'11 !

{continued front [). 42.)
P a r t II.

Our antipodean and astronomical critic is not an\- more
fortunate in his assertions respecting us Zetetics than he isin his astronomical theories. He writes in a loose flipjjant
manner, asserting, because of his " overhead ” theory, that[ ha\e “ not the slightest idea of modern theories.” This
pro\ es his ignorance of our literature. As a matter uf fact,
nearly ten years ago,I ])ublicl)' replied to the same objections,as may be seen in 'Ilu: Earth (not a globe) Revic:>.’ for Jul_\',1893, p. 21, under the heading “ Our Critics.” Ow ing tofailing health 1 had to gi\ e u]) the editorship of this paper ;and as this nmnber is now of print, and the subject of some
importance, I will cjuote, for the benefit,of the readers i f'['he Earthy from the reply then gi\ en.
“ The pamphlet we lately published, entitled The M idnighlSun, Ihe latter part of which is found in the July numberof the E^arth Revieu’, 1893, has fallen like a bomb into thecamp of the enemy, and created some consternation amongi-t
our opponents. A few are trying to show that our conclu­
sions are ]jremature, and our diagrams, especialK’ Diagram
No. I , not correct. Fair contro\ersy will do good. Anon\ mous c )rrespondents we shall not notice ; but the criticism
of one or two who have honestly sent their names we shall
reply to. Our only object is truth. But friends and foes
should remember that our means are limited. We will takeour correspondent C. H. as a typical objector, as his criticisms
approach nearest to those of a “ scientific ” character.
Referring to diagram I, he says:— “ The sun should beoverhead at the point F, but it is not. It ought to be on a
prolongation of the line E F not G F.’
As this is the chief objection we will take up this point
first, and elucidate it by reference to Diagram 4. It is thoughtthat the sun ought to be placed at or beyond S in a line