Opportunities for dedicated or piggy backcampaigns
2nd ESA EarthCARE Validation Workshop
25-28 May 2021 (online)
ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For ESA Official Use Only

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Proposals including campaign activities – airborne
AOID

PIactivities

38018

Marenco1-2 potential ad hoc research flights compatible with High-latitudes
other experiments with FAAM; preferentially combined (CCREST) andwith multiple aircraftUK

CCREST winter2023/2024
UK in summer 2023

38188

Wandinger

Airborne campaign dedicated to EC validation(ECVAL) with EarthCARE-like payload on HALO –potential of combined ATR42 measurements(Delanoë)Portugal (tbd)

Summer 2024

Airborne campaign with 2-3 dedicated cal/val flights
with EarthCARE-like payload on HALO (TOOC)

Barbados

Summer 2024

Airborne lidar and in-situ measurements on HALO
during ASCCI and HALO-south

High-Latitudes

2025

NZ

2025

Airborne EarthCARE-like + in-situ measurements(CCREST + NAWDIC) as opportunity campaign

High-latitudes

Winter 2023/2024

Extra-tropical NA

2025

Romania /Mediterranean

38810

Delanoë?

Nicolae /Stachlewska

Airborne campaign with MULTIPLY (multi-wavelengthHSRL) system

39821

Qu

Airborne measurements

60799

Phillips

Airborne radar measurements in combination withsatellites

locationtime2

Proposals including campaign activities – Balloon and UAV
AOIDPIactivities

locationtime38810

Delanoë

Balloon-borne radar X + W-Band radar

TBD

2023/2024

38809

RenardBalloon-borne lidar measurements

Launch site inFrance

39067

Hu

UAV measurements with dropsondes, radiometerand THz Radar and lidar for cloud observations

Chinese SouthSea

Every summer

Voelker

Balloon-borne in-situ measurements (in combinationwith ground-based lidar)

Northern Sweden

On occasion3

Proposals including campaign activities – ground-based
AOID

PIactivities

locationtime38810

Delanoë

Mobile ground systems – BASTA (W-Band radar)and BALI (scanning BASTA + ulidar)

mobileAlready running (ondemand)

Scanning C-Band (POLDIRAD) and W-Band(BASTA) radar

SouthernGermany

Starting 2022

38623

GenthonCeilometer measurements

Antarctica

38909

Gausa

Radar and lidar measurements

Northern Norway

ongoingVoelker

Lidar measurements (in combination with balloon insitu measurements)

Northern Sweden

On occasion

AmiridisGround-based PANGEA station (lidar, cloud radar,MWR, Radiation)

Eastern
Mediterranean

ongoing

SicardLidar deployments during different campaigns

Stachlewska

Lidar measurements in Poland and possibility forcampaign participation in Romania

Eastern
Mediterranean

ongoing

Cape Verdeongoing

Melpitz

ongoing

Antarctica

2022-2024

39183

38188

Wandinger
Cloud Radar, MW-Lidar, MWR, Radiation
measurements
Mobile LACROS system (Radar, MWL, Radiation)4

Proposed dedicated EarthCARE Validation Campaigns – COALA

Continuous Observations of Aerosol- cLoud interaction in Antarctica
Proposed schedule: late 2022 to early 2024
Location: Neumayer III research station
Instruments: OCEANET Container (Polly-XT,cloud radar, HATPRO → Cloudnet dataset

Tasks:- vertical distribution of aerosol conditions- cloud-relevant aerosol parameters (CCN and INP)
- statistics of clouds and precipitation- response of microphysical properties of cloud droplets
and ice crystals on the presence of aerosol particles
5- profiles of water vapor mixing ratio

Proposed dedicated EarthCARE Validation Campaigns – LOSTECCA
Lidar Observations of Spatio-TEmporal Contrasts in Clouds and Aerosols in Lauder NZ
Leipzig Aerosol and Cloud Remote Observations System(LACROS)
Instruments: PollyXT mutiwavelength polarization Raman lidar,
HALO Doppler lidar
Location: Bluff (Invercargill, southern tip of South Island)
Schedule: Planned for boreal spring 2021. Postponed due toCOVID-19. Probably 1 March – 15 April 2022

Lauder Atmospheric Research Station(NIWA: National Institute of Water and AtmosphericResearch (Taihoro Nukurangi) of New Zealand)
Unique 27 year lidar data set with 11 years ofpolarization lidar data (2009-2020)(532 nm, 532 nm depolarization, 1064 nm, DIAL)

Goal: evaluate inter-hemispheric contrasts in the cloud-relevant properties of aerosols andimpacts on the microphysical properties of clouds

google.de/maps

niwa.co.nz/media-gallery/6

Proposed to have an EarthCARE Validation Campaigns in the Eastern MediterraneanIdea(b)dtellu tal
Po nenintCo•••

Improving aerosol and cloud products
Test bed for optimizing retrievals
adapted range bin setting in a small area

Requirements••x Limassol

MiddleEHeavy aerosol load
Small box in Eastern Mediterranean

astDust

3Sa
haDu ranst741 25687

Proposed to have an EarthCARE Validation Campaigns in the Eastern Mediterranean
Great Infrastructure••••

ERATOSTHENES Center of Excellence (ECoE)
Cyprus Institute
PANACEA observatory in Antikythera
Several airports – airborne Cal/Val possible

EVE
polarization lidar

Wall-E
polarizationlidar

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MULTIPLY – airborne HSRLMULTIPLY is an ESA-ESTEC project for the development of a novel multi-wavelength HSRL system (3b + 2a +3d) for both ground based (ready in 2022-phase 1) and airborne operation (phase 2: 2023-2024).
Partners: National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics (Romania), Max-Plank
Institute (Germany), National Observatory of Athens (Greece), Warsaw University (Poland)

ATMOSLAB – C 90 GTx own by National Institute ofAerospace Research “ELIE CARAFOLI” (Romania).

Target of the HSRL: better than EarthCARE specifications• raw signals:• 7.5 m vert. res.
• 50 m horizontal res.
• 1-1.5% accuracy• backscatter• 7.5 m vert. res.
• 500 m horizon.res.
• 10% accuracy• detectability 0.0005-0.0008• extinction• 100 m vert. res.
• 5000 m horizontal res.
• 10-15% accuracy• detectability 0.02-0.05• depolarization• 7.5 m vert. res.
• 500 m horizontal res.
• 10% accuracy• detectability 0.02

Main features: 3β + 3α + 3d
• Implementing Fabry-Pérot Interferometersfor HSR filtering at 355 and 1064 nm• Implementing iodine filtering technique at532nm• Narrow field-of-view receiving• Low laser pulse energy (to conform the eyesafety requirements).
• High laser pulse repetition rate (to increase
the total number of sounding photons
emitted to• measure individual lidar profile).
• Decoupling spectral separation unit
(interferometers, iodine filter) fromtelescope with optical• fibers (to allow better mechanical stability).
• Implementing extra telescopes for
depolarization channels.
• Additional “near”-range telescope (to extend
dynamic range).

@INCASHSRL CAD design@MPI

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Proposed dedicated EarthCARE Validation Campaigns – ECVAL
Campaign period – Second half of 2024:
Campaign duration – 3 weeks of active
measurements§ ~70 flight hours§ 8 measurement flights of 6-8 hours
Campaign location – Faro, Portugal:§ Optimal infrastructure and experience from DLR-FX§ Location influenced by different aerosol and cloudsituations

à Additional measurements planned during TOOC in (sub-)tropics
à Coordination with other aircraft, ground-based measurements andship-measurements planned•

extensive validation in different aerosol types /cloud regimes•

many ground-based stations in the flight
distance of HALO
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Remote sensing measurement on HALO and ATR42
Airborne tandem-platforms

HALO
Aircraft:• Modified Gulfstream G550 business jet• Endurance: > 10 flight hours• Maximum cruising altitude: > 15 km
Payload:• High spectral resolution lidar (532 nm) and watervapor DIAL
• Doppler Cloud Radar (35 GHz)
• Hyper-spectral radiometer (specMACS)• Microwave radiometer• Radiation measurement (IR measurements newlyadded)

SAFIRE
Aircraft:• ATR 42-320• Endurance: 3.5 (max 6) flight hours• Maximum cruising altitude: 7.5 km
Payload:• High spectral resolution Doppler lidar (355 nm)• Doppler Cloud Radar (94 GHz) up- and downward looking• Sideward looking W-band Doppler radar• IR radiometer• Large in-situ payload11

Proposed dedicated EarthCARE Validation Campaigns – ECVAL
Instrumentation:§ EarthCARE-like payload on HALO

Coordinated measurement:§ Possibility of coordinated flights with ATR42 (radar +lidar + in-situ) and/or additional in-situ aircraft
measurements§ Coordination with ground-based (mobile) sites is
aspired (e.g. BALI / LACROS)
Co-located measurements

Measurement strategy:(HSRL at 532 nm / CPR at 35 GHz)(HSRL at 355 nm / CPR at 95 GHz)

§ Dedicated (coordinated) underflights with systems at
different wavelengths, resolution and sensitivity§ Overpasses over ground-based stations

Evaluation of EarthCARE data products§ Characterization of the general situation
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Experience / preparation for validation
Coordinated HALO – FF20 flight + A-Train underpass

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Proposed dedicated EarthCARE Validation Campaigns – ECVALà Good coverage of ground-based lidar and radar network
station over Europe, Mediterranean, Eastern Atlantic regions
à Good coverage of different aerosol and cloud situationsà ‘Limited restrictions’ of flight strategies (all directions)à Mobile platforms could be deployed at strategic locations(intercalibration, filling gaps)
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Needs from L2-developers for cal/val§

Lidar measurements of Mie and Rayleigh signal preferable at 355 nm§

Simultaneous lidar measurements of low depol and high depol measurements§

Depolarization measurements at 355 nm (532 would work with potential additional uncertainties during conversion)§

Macrophysical properties (PBL height, multi-layer aerosol scenarios, broken clouds and aerosols, multi-layer cloudscenarios§

Run L2 algorithms on airborne and ground-based measurements§Simulation of non-EC products e.g. to compare with measurements at different wavelengths§

Extinction and IWC/LWC needed (for simulations / closure)§AOT measurements from ground (e.g. AERONET) and satellite (e.g. MODIS, VIIRS, …)§Ground-based remote sensing along flight track§

Imager measurements§

Synoptic observations§

In-situ measurements (underflights along EC flight track)§

Airborne microwave measurements§

Polarization radar measurements and precipitation radar scans
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Summary/Thoughts from updated proposals and from 1st Cal/Val Workshop:§ Many activities in the mid- or high latitudes§ TOOC one of the few campaigns in (sub-)tropic regions§ Multiply aircraft campaigns (different WL, combined RS and in-situ) needed§ Connecting airborne measurements with ground-based stations; locating mobile facilities at strategic locations(campaign base) or to be used for intercalibration§ Flights over land and over ocean needed§ Funding often still open à those activities may change depending on funding!

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Questions?
§How to best combine airborne and ground-based measurements (+ satellites?)§Best locations for measurements?

§Which / how many mobile facilities would be available?

§How to best combine remote sensing and in-situ measurements (airborne + ground-based)?

§Which regions are missing? And how can the gaps be filled?

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