第 13 期白眉研究者紹介● グローバル型（従来型）／ Global Type

Introduction of 13th-batch Hakubi Researchers★ 部 局 連 携 型（卓越研究員型）／ Tenure ‒Track Type● ロッタ・パスカル 特定准教授
Pascal LOTTAZ(Associate Professor)
研 究 課 題： 国際化系における中立性（Neutrality in International Relations）
専 門 分 野： 国際関係 / 歴史（International Relations / History）
受 入 先 部 局： 法学研究科（Graduate School of Law）
前職の機関名： 早稲田大学、高等研究所（Waseda University, Institute for Advanced Study）

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or motivations of neutrals. It is my goal to write a comprehen-FRQFHSW LQ ZRUOG SROLWLFV 1HXWUDOLW\ DV D SROLWLFDO SRVLWLRQ

sive account of neutrality across periods and geographies andRIVWDWHVDQGLQWHUQDWLRQDOLQVWLWXWLRQV ,&5&,2&HWF LVD

deduce a theoretical framework to understand the concept as

neglected topic in political science but an important concept

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for the maintenance of peace among nations and the workingusing an eclectic research design, integrating historical case

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neutral actors as a form of “balancing” or “bandwagoning”
EXWWKHVHFRQFHSWVFDQQRWDGHTXDWHO\FDSWXUHWKHH[SHULHQFHVNeutrality is not studied comprehensively as a phenomenon of IR

Misunderstandings about neutrality,Q -DSDQ DQG RYHUVHDV WKH GLVFLSOLQH RI ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 5H-VX൵HUZKDWWKH\PXVW´ 7KXF\GLGHV DQGQHXWUDOLW\LVDIRUP

lations has produced much knowledge on war and peace

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through the research of military alliances. During the Cold

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DQGLVRODWLRQLVWZKLFKDUHERWKH[FHSWLRQVQRWWKHUXOH0RG-WKHLPSRUWDQFHRI1$72WKH:DUVDZ3DFWDQGWKH86-DSDQern neutrals tend to be strongly armed and diplomatically en-

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investigating everything from alliance formation, their main-

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tenance, challenges, and their unraveling. However, a crucial

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passes forms like “nonalignment,” which, in the Cold War,WUDOLW\²WKHRSSRVLWHRIPLOLWDU\DOOLDQFHV²KDVODUJHO\EHHQ

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studies specialists did not entirely forget about the topic, sys-VWUDWHJLHVRIJUHDWDQGVPDOOSRZHUVWKDWUHMHFWDOOLDQFHVLWWHPDWLF,5VFKRODUVKLSRQQHXWUDOVWUDWHJLHVLVUDUH7KLVLVD

includes “neutralism” as a foreign political preference of pop-large gap, as neutrality and its cousin concept, nonalignment,ulations, and it includes the policy choices of states and inter-are important components of the international system and theQDWLRQDORUJDQL]DWLRQV 1*2VDQGRWKHUFRUSRUDWLRQV WU\LQJ

FRQWHPSRUDU\EDODQFHRISRZHU1HXWUDOVWUDWHJLHVKDYHKLV-to maintain positive relationships with belligerent forces.

Critics argue that neutralism does not matter since “the weaktorically been crucial and useful to great powers like Britain,
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states have been contributing to the reduction of the security

Studying neutrality as a reaction to conflict

dilemma for centuries.

To accommodate all forms of the phenomenon, I approach
neutrality as an expression of a most fundamental relationship

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白眉プロジェクト 2023
between political actors, generated by conflict. War, in this
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Understanding neutrality means understanding world politics

FRQWHVWFUHDWHVD³FRQÀLFWFRQVWHOODWLRQ´ZKLFKD൵HFWVWKLUGThe reemergence of indigenous neutral strategies in unlikelyparties that are not part of the primary conflict. Those who

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importance of studying neutrality as a tool of statecraft. Even
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similar to the United States in the nineteenth century when
Washington tried to avert “European entanglements.” With
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as a great power, the global security architecture is headed
toward a multi-polar constellation that we have not seen since
the nineteenth century. In this new context, the impact of neutrality, neutralism, and nonalignment on the global balance ofpower needs to be understood to help avert crises and foster

Figure 1: Actor A is neutral toward the conﬂict between B1 andB2. A remains at peace with both belligerents (© P.Lottaz).

stable international relations. The study of alliances alone isonly half the picture and needs to be complemented by theThis framework allows for new ways of understanding con-KROLVWLFVWXG\RIQHXWUDOLW\VRDVQRWWRPLVVWKHVLJQL¿FDQWÀLFWFRQVWHOODWLRQVZLWKQHXWUDOVSDUWRIWKHHTXDWLRQ)RULQ-opportunities buffer states and non-alliance-based security

stance, one can approach the situation in WWII in which theVWUDWHJLHVSURYLGH1HXWUDOLW\DVDQDQDO\WLFDODSSURDFKKDV

8665DQG-DSDQKDGVLJQHGDQHXWUDOLW\SDFWWKDWPDGHVXUHPXFKWRR൵HUWR,5WKHRU\they remained neutral in the wars they fought with the other’sallies on opposite ends of the globe.

References/RWWD]3  7KH3ROLWLFVDQG'LSORPDF\RI1HXWUDOLW\
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0307/RWWD]3  1HXWUDOLW\6WXGLHV2[IRUG5HVHDUFK(QF\FORSHGLDRI,QWHUQDWLRQDO6WXGLHV2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
'2,DFUHIRUH
Lottaz P. & Ingemar O. (2021). Sweden, Japan, and the Long
Second World War 1931–1945. Routledge

Figure 2: Japan and the USSR remain at peace for the longest
time of WWII, maintaining neutrality toward the war the otherparty was ﬁghting with their allies (@P.Lottaz).

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