GAZI NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION CENTER (GNRK)&GAZI BIOPHYSICS DEPARTMENT

www.biyofizik.gazi.edu.tr

www.gnrk.gazi.edu.trGAZİ UNIVERSITYFACULTY OF MEDICINEBIOPHYSICS DEPARTMENTAnkara, TURKEY• GAZİ BIOPHYSICS has been carrying out studies on
the biological impacts of Non-Ionizing Radiation – NIR
EMF since 1989
• Our laboratory includes:
physicists, biologists, electrical engineers, all ofwhom are studying how living systems respond toEMF• Our research team includes
physicists, biologists, electrical engineers,physicians, biochemists, pathologists andveterinarians

• GAZİ BIOPHYSICS is located in Ankara and have been
supported by Scientific Research Funds of Gazi Universityand NATO STO• GAZİ BIOPHYSICS isRepresentative of Universities to NATO STO HFM
since 2007,

WHO International Advisory Committee member on
EMF to WHO since 2001,
Scientific Secreteriat Member of ICEMS since 2007• We do expose animals and cell cultures to RF EMF
including mobile phones• We do clinical research on RF EMF• We measure all kinds of EMF sources including
cellular phones, base stations, transformers, highpower lines, TV and radio antennas, Microwaveovens, Diathermy units, Wi-Fi’s. MRI’s, Radars underGazi Nonionizing Radiation Protection Center (GNRK)GAZI NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION CENTER (GNRK)&GAZI BIOPHYSICS DEPARTMENT

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RECENT RF STUDIES OF
GAZİ BIOPHYSICS&GNRKGAZI NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION CENTER (GNRK)&GAZI BIOPHYSICS DEPARTMENT

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PREGNANCY STUDY2007-cont.

GAZI NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION CENTER (GNRK)&GAZI BIOPHYSICS DEPARTMENT

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Totally 126 adult,pregnant, andoffspring
New Zealand White rabbits used in the study- 18 adults- 18 pregnants- 18 newborns (2 days old)
- 72 offsprings (1-month old)
- 36 female- 36 male
exposed to 1800 MHz GSM modulated RFR (G2)(217 Hz, 20dBm, 14V/m) , 15min/day, 7 days, .

GAZI NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION CENTER (GNRK)&GAZI BIOPHYSICS DEPARTMENT

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 1800 MHz GSM like signal formed by Signal Generator –(Agilent Technologies 8648C, 9 kHz – 3.2 GHz, Santa Clara,CA, USA ) with an integrated pulse modulation unit and Hornantenna
 Horn antenna- Schwarzbeck, Doppelsteg Breitband BBHA
9120 L3F,
0.5 – 2.8 GHz, Schönau,Germany

 The generated power is controlled by Spectrum AnalyzerAgilent Technologies N9320A, 9 kHz – 3GHz, Santa Clara,CA, USA Measurement of the output radiation- NARDA EMR 300 andType 26.1 probe (300 kHz - 40 Ghz )GAZI NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION CENTER (GNRK)&GAZI BIOPHYSICS DEPARTMENT

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Findings:

1800 MHz RF exposure: 15min/day, 7 days
• Increased DNA base modification and free radical
formation in brain tissue of non-pregnant adults• Increased oxidative stress in liver tissue of non pregnant
adults, pregnants and their newborns (2 day old)
Oxidative stress damages tissues.

GAZI NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION CENTER (GNRK)&GAZI BIOPHYSICS DEPARTMENT

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www.gnrk.gazi.edu.tr• Increased apoptotic cells-PROGRAMMED CELL DEATHin the brain (neurons, glial cells)
and eye (cornea, lens) tissues of adults, pregnants andnewborns• Increased DNA base modification in liver tissue of female
infants (one month old)GAZI NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION CENTER (GNRK)&GAZI BIOPHYSICS DEPARTMENT

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RF exposed induced free radicals might lead tooxidative damage in liver, which in turn disrupts
normal metabolism and physiology of livertissueGAZI NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION CENTER (GNRK)&GAZI BIOPHYSICS DEPARTMENT

www.biyofizik.gazi.edu.tr

www.gnrk.gazi.edu.tr•Guler G, Tomruk A, Ozgur E, Seyhan N. The Effect of radiofrequency
radiation on DNA and lipid damage in non-pregnant and pregnant rabbits andtheir newborns, General Physiology and Biophysics, 2010, 29(1), 59-66.
•Tomruk A, Guler G, Dincel AS. The Influence of 1800 MHz GSM-like signals
on hepatic oxidative DNA and lipid damage in nonpregnant, pregnant, andnewly born rabbits. Cell Biochem Biophys (2010) 56:39–47.
• Güler G., , Tomruk A. , Ozgur E. , Sahin D. , Sepici A. , Altan N., Seyhan N.
The effect of radiofrequency radiation on DNA and lipid damage in female andmale infant rabbits. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2012; 88(4):367–373.

• Guler G, Ozgur E, Keles H, Tomruk A, Atalay Vural S, Seyhan N.
Apoptosis resulted from Radiofrequency Radiatıon exposure ofpregnant rabbits and their infants. Bulletin Veterinary in Pulawy
2011, 55; 127-134•Kismali G, Ozgur E, Güler G, Akcay A, Sel T, Seyhan N. The
influence of 1800 MHz GSM-like signals on blood chemistry andoxidative stress in non-pregnant and pregnant rabbits. International
Journal of Radiation Biology, 2012; 88(5):414-9.

GAZI NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION CENTER (GNRK)&GAZI BIOPHYSICS DEPARTMENT

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Female infants••

Decreased Outer Hair Cell Motility
Decreased Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions
amplitudes

Male infants•••

Decreased Cochlear Activity,Decreased Outer Hair Cell Electromotility
Decreased Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions
amplitudes

GAZI NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION CENTER (GNRK)&GAZI BIOPHYSICS DEPARTMENT

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Muluk NB., Budak GG., Budak B., Apan A., Ozturk G.G., Seyhan N.. (2011). Distortion productotoacoustic emissions in infant, pregnant and non-pregnant adult rabbits: comparison fordifferent stimulus levels. The Journal of International Advanced Otology, 7(102-110).

•Budak GG, Muluk NB, Budak B, Oztürk GG, Apan A, Seyhan N. Effects of intrauterine andextrauterine exposure to GSM-like radiofrequency on distortion product otoacoustic emissions ininfant male rabbits.Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2009, 73(3):391-9.

•

Budak GG, Muluk NB, Budak B, Oztürk GG, Apan A, Seyhan N. Effects of GSM-likeradiofrequency on distortion product otoacoustic emissions of rabbits: comparison of infants
versus adults.Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2009 Aug;73(8):1143-7.

•Budak GG, Muluk NB, Oztürk GG, Budak B, Apan A, Seyhan N, Sanli C.Effects of GSM-likeradiofrequency on distortion product otoacoustic emissions in pregnant adult rabbits.Clin Invest
Med. 2009 Apr 1;32(2):112-6.

•

Budak GG, Muluk NB, Budak B, Oztürk GG, Apan A, Seyhan N, Effects of intrauterine andextrauterine GSM-like radiofrequency on distortion product otoacoustic emissions in infant
female rabbits. Int. Adv. Otol. 2009; 5:(2), 209-217.

GAZI NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION CENTER (GNRK)&GAZI BIOPHYSICS DEPARTMENTwww.biyofizik.gazi.edu.tr

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BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER (BBB)STUDYGAZI NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION CENTER (GNRK)&GAZI BIOPHYSICS DEPARTMENT

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900 MHz & 1800 MHz CW and GSM-like RFR(217 Hz, 577 µs pulse duration, 4.54 V/m) 20 min exp.,(n=45 female young adult Wistar albino rats). increased BBB Permeability in females for 900 MHz CW
and GSM – like modulated RFR and 1800 MHz CW.
. No effect found for 1800 MHz GSM – like modulatedSIRAV B., SEYHAN N.; Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption by Continuous Wave Radio FrequencyRadiation, Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 29 (2): 215-222, 2009.

GAZI NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION CENTER (GNRK)&GAZI BIOPHYSICS DEPARTMENT

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900 MHz & 1800 MHz, CW and GSM-like RFR(217 Hz, 577 µs pulse duration, 4.54 V/m) for 20 min exp.,(n=45 male young adult Wistar albino rats)

increased BBB permeability in all exposed males.

SIRAV B, SEYHAN N (2011). Effects of radiofrequency radiation exposure on blood-brain barrier
permeability in male and female rats. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 30 (4)(253-260).

GAZI NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION CENTER (GNRK)&GAZI BIOPHYSICS DEPARTMENT

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THYROID STUDYGAZI NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION CENTER (GNRK)&GAZI BIOPHYSICS DEPARTMENT

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900 MHz GSM Modulated RFR (217 Hz, 1.35 W/kg)
15min/day, 21 days
(n=30 male 2 months old Wistar rats)

induced hypothyroidism(indicator of apoptosis)

andcaspase

activation

Meriç Arda Eşmekaya, Nesrin Seyhan, Suna Omeroğlu (2010). Pulse modulated 900
MHz radiation induces hypothyroidism and apoptosis in thyroid cells: A light, electron
microscopy and immunohistochemical study.. International Journal of Radiation Biology,
86(12)(1106-16).

GAZI NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION CENTER (GNRK)&GAZI BIOPHYSICS DEPARTMENT

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OXIDATIVE STRESS STUDYGAZI NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION CENTER (GNRK)&GAZI BIOPHYSICS DEPARTMENT

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900 MHz GSM Modulated RFR (217 Hz, 1.35 W/kg)
15min/day, 21 days
(n=30 male 2 months old Wistar rats)
oxidative damage in liver, heart, lung and testis tissues

M. Arda Eşmekaya, Çiğdem Özer, Nesrin Seyhan (2011). Effects of 900 MHz Pulse
Modulated Radiofrequency Radiation on Heart, Lung, Testis and Liver tissues Oxidant andAntioxidant Levels. General Physiology and Biophysics, 30(84-89).

GAZI NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION CENTER (GNRK)&GAZI BIOPHYSICS DEPARTMENT

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HAIR ROOT CELLS STUDYGAZI NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION CENTER (GNRK)&GAZI BIOPHYSICS DEPARTMENT

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Lai and Singh’s study: (2.45 GHz RF , 2 h)Single and double-stranded DNA breakage in rat braincells
Gazi Biophysics’s study: 900 MHz GSM Modulated RFR(217 Hz, 577 µs, 0.974 W/kg) for 15 and 30 min, humanhair root cells,
Comet Assay Technique

Hair Roots plucked from the head area behind the ear
used for the phone calls where maximum SAR measured
6 women, 2 men, 30 - 47 years oldSingle-strand DNA breaks found in the hair root cells

GAZI NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION CENTER (GNRK)&GAZI BIOPHYSICS DEPARTMENT

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Lai, H. and Singh, NP., 1995: "Acute low-intensity microwave exposure increases
DNA single-strand breaks in rat brain cells". Bioelectromagnetics 16: 207-210.
Lai, H. and Singh, NP., 1996: "Single- and double-strand DNA breaks in rat brain
cells after acute exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation". Int.J.
Radiation Biology 69 (4): 51 3-521.
ST Çam and Nesrin N Seyhan Single-strand DNA breaks in human hair root
cells exposed to mobile phone radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 88(5):420-4 (2012)

control15 minutes

30 minutes

GAZI NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION CENTER (GNRK)&GAZI BIOPHYSICS DEPARTMENT

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BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES STUDYGAZI NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION CENTER (GNRK)&GAZI BIOPHYSICS DEPARTMENT

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1800 MHz GSM Modulated RFR (217 Hz, 0.21 W/kg) for 6, 8,
24 and 48 h (human peripheral blood lymphocytes)•Inhibited cell proliferation•Increased Sister Chromatid Exchange frequency(indicator of DNA damage)

Meric Arda Esmekaya, Ebru Aytekin, Elcin Ozgur, Göknur Güler Öztürk, Mehmet Ali Ergun, Suna Ömeroğlu, Nesrin Seyhan (2011).
Mutagenic and morphologic impacts of 1.8 GHz Radiofrequency Radiation on human peripheral bloodlymphocytes (hPBLs) andpossible protective role of pre-treatment with Ginkgo Biloba (EGb 761). Science of the Total Environment, 410(59-64)

ON GOING STUDIES• Multifrequency EMF exposure
RF, 2100 MHz ; ELF, 50 Hz on the permeability of
BBB in diabetic and non-diabetic rats
• Skin hydoxyproline level in RF exposed (900 MHz)rats• 1800 MHz GSM-like RFR on the tendency ofmetabolism- related diseases of intrauterina andextrauterina exposed infant rabbits

• Intrauterine and extrauterine exposure to 1800 MHz
GSM-like radiofrequency effects on blood chemistryand oxidative stress in infant rabbits• 2.1 GHz Wideband Code Division Multiple Access(W-CDMA) modulated RFR exposure for 4 and 24 h,
in breast fibroblast cells

Research Team
1. Gazi University, Medical Faculty
Biophysic Department
Prof. Dr. Nesrin SEYHAN
Assoc. Prof. Göknur GÜLER ÖZTÜRK
Dr. Elçin ÖZGÜR BÜYÜKATALAY
Res. Assist. Arın TOMRUKBiochemistry Department
Prof. Dr. Nilgün ALTAY
Assoc. Prof. Aylin SEPİCİ DİNÇEL
Res. Assist Duygu ŞAHİN

Nanomedicine Research Laboratory
Gürer G. BUDAK, M.D., PhD

2. Ankara University, Veterinary Faculty
Biochemistry Department
Prof. Dr. Tevhide SEL
Dr. Görkem KISMALI

Pathology Department
Prof. Dr. Sevil ATALAY VURALAssist. Prof. Hikmet KELEŞResearch Team
3. Hacettepe University, Medical Faculty
Biochemistry Department
Prof. Dr. N. Nuray ULUSU
Dr. Berivan TANDOĞAN
ENT Department

Assist. Prof. Dr. Bilgehan Budak

4. Kırıkkale University, Medical Faculty
ENT Department
Prof. Dr. Nuray BAYAR MULUKAnesthesiology and Reanimation Department
Prof. Dr. Alpaslan APANGAZI NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION CENTER (GNRK)&GAZI BIOPHYSICS DEPARTMENT

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