CIVIL SOCIETY LETTERSUPPORTING PROPOSAL BY INDIA AND SOUTH AFRICA ON WAIVER FROMCERTAIN PROVISIONS OF THE TRIPS AGREEMENT FOR THE PREVENTION,CONTAINMENT AND TREATMENT OF COVID-19
Dear Members of the World Trade Organization,
We the undersigned organisations call on all WTO Members to strongly support the adoption of thedecision text proposed by India and South Africa in their proposal for “Waiver from certain provisionsof the TRIPS Agreement for the prevention, containment and treatment of COVID19” (Waiver
Proposal).
When COVID-19 was declared to be a pandemic, there was overwhelming consensus that to curb the
spread of COVID-19, there was an urgent need for international collaboration to speed up productdevelopment, scale up of manufacturing, expand the supply of effective medical technologies andensure everyone, everywhere is protected. There were even calls including from several Heads of State
for COVID-19 medical products to be treated as global public goods.
Seven months into the pandemic, there is no meaningful global policy solution to ensure access. Instead,
there is an inequality of access to critical technologies that are needed to address the pandemic. Many
countries, especially developing and least developed countries struggling to contain COVID-19 haveexperienced and are facing acute shortages of medical products, including access to diagnostic testing.1
Furthermore, wealthy nations representing only 13 percent of the global population have locked up atleast half the doses of the world’s five leading potential vaccines.2
In this pandemic, the pharmaceutical industry has mainly pursued “business as usual” approaches,
entrenching monopolistic intellectual property (IP) controls over COVID-19 health technologies that
restrict scale-up of manufacturing, lock out diversified suppliers, and undermine competition that
results in lower prices. A few companies, such as Astra Zeneca, have pledged not for profit prices during
the pandemic, and yet by maintaining control over these technologies, can unilaterally declare the endof the pandemic and increase prices to maximise profits, even if it undermines international efforts tosave lives.3
The COVID-19 Technology Access Pool (C-TAP) launched by WHO (to voluntarily share knowledge,
IP and data), has been rejected by the pharmaceutical industry.4 Instead, companies continue to sign
secretive and restrictive licensing agreements. For example, Gilead Sciences’ secret licensing
agreements for remdesivir, a medicine that was developed with substantial public funding, are restricted
to a few manufacturers of its choosing, thereby preventing low-cost supply to nearly half of the world’s
population. Unsurprisingly, there have been global shortages of the medicine, with many developing
countries yet to see even a single vial of the treatment exported to them. Given the medicine’s limited
effectiveness, we are deeply concerned that such an approach for a safe and effective therapy will
exclude even more people from treatment access.
Additionally, emerging intellectual property infringement disputes on COVID-19 technologies
threatens to block collaborative research and development and manufacturing of COVID-19 medical
products5.

These restrictive business strategies have directly translated into exorbitant pricing and profiteering,6With entire health systems already overwhelmed by COVID-19 and with governments facing a looming
economic crisis, the health budgets of many countries simply cannot sustain highly priced COVID-19
medical products. These realities will also hinder production by any competent manufacturer and
impede the full freedom to collaborate, in developing, producing, importing and exporting the needed
medical products.
While the TRIPS Agreement contains flexibilities that can promote access, many WTO Members may
face challenges in using them promptly and effectively. For instance, compulsory license offers a“product by product”, and “country by country” approach with variations in national laws, whereas the
pandemic requires collective global action to tackle IP barriers and facilitate technology transfer. Wherethe IP barrier is beyond patents, national laws may not provide for sufficient flexibilities. Further,
Article 31bis, a mechanism to supply countries with insufficient manufacturing capacity, does notprovide an expedited solution and many countries have also opted out of using the mechanism.
Unless concrete steps are taken at the global level to address intellectual property and technology
barriers, the abovementioned failures and shortcomings will replay as new medicines, vaccines andother medical products are rolled out. Access will have to be rationed, with devastating effects for publichealth and global economic recovery.
In a global pandemic where every country is affected, we need a global solution.7 Adoption of a
Waiver at the WTO level will suspend implementation, application and enforcement of the relevant
provisions of the TRIPS Agreement in relation to prevention, containment, and treatment of COVID19. It enables an expedited, open and automatic global solution to allow uninterrupted collaboration indevelopment, production and supply, and to collectively address the global challenge facing all
countries. It’s time for governments to take collective responsibility and put people’s lives before
corporate monopolies.
Therefore, we strongly request you to unequivocally support the adoption of the proposed Waiverat the upcoming TRIPS Council meeting.
SIGNATORIESGlobal
1. Commons Network
2. Curbing Corruption
3. Friends of the Earth International
4. GRAIN
5. Grail Justice and Trade Agreements Network
6. Health Action International (HAI)
7. Health Alliance International
8. Health Global Access Project
9. Health Poverty Action
10. IndustriALL Global Union
11. Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy
12. Institute for Economic Research on Innovation
13. Interagency Coalition on AIDS and Development (ICAD)
14. International Code Documentation Centre
15. International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC)

16. International Treatment Preparedness Coalition
17. Knowledge Ecology International (KEI)
18. LDC Watch
19. Médecins du Monde
20. Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) Access Campaign
21. Oxfam
22. Pan-African International
23. Peoples Health Movement
24. People’s Vaccine Alliance
25. Public Services International (PSI)
26. ReAct--Action on Antibiotic Resistance
27. Regions Refocus
28. Religious of the Sacred Heart of Mary
29. Southern African Programme on Access to Medicines and Diagnosis (SAPAM)
30. Social Watch
31. Society for international Development
32. Transnational Institute
33. Transparency International Health Initiative
34. Third World Network
35. Universities Allied for Essential Medicines (UAEM)
36. Womankind Worldwide
Regional
37. Africa Development Interchange Network (ADIN),
38. African Alliance
39. African Centre for Global Health and Social Transformation (ACHEST)
40. Africa Trade Network (ATN)
41. Africa Young Positives Network (AY +)42. Arab NGO Network for Development (ANND)
43. Asia Pacific Forum on Women, Law and Development
44. Asia Pacific Network of People Living with HIV (APN+)
45. Associação Brasileira de Economia Industrial e Inovação
46. Association des Femmes de l'Europe Méridionale (AFEM)
47. Building and Wood Workers International Asia Pacific
48. Comité de América Latina y el Caribe para la defensa de los Derechos de las Mujeres, Latin
America y el Caribe
49. DAWN (Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era), Global South
50. EEPA, Europe External Programme with Africa
51. EHNE-BIZKAIA, Euskal Herria, Basque Country
52. Eurasian harm reduction association, CEECA
53. European Alliance for Responsible R&D and Affordable Medicines, Europe
54. Focus on the Global South55. Health Action International Asia Pacific
56. International Treatment Preparedness Coalition Regional Office for Latino America andCaribbean
57. International Treatment Preparedness Coalition- South Asia
58. International Treatment Preparedness Coalition, Middle East and North Africa
59. National Alliance of Women / Asia Pacific Women Watch
60. NGO Forum on ADB
61. Network TB people
62. Pacific Network on Globalisation
63. Public Service Accountability Monitor (PSAM)
64. REDCA+ El Salvador, Belize, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Guatemala, Panama
65. Red Latinoamericana por el Acceso a Medicamentos (RedLAM)

66. South Asia Alliance for Poverty Eradication (SAAPE)
67. Southern and Eastern Africa Trade Information and Negotiations Institute
68. The Access IBSA Project, India-Brazil-South Africa
69. The African Women's Network for Community management of Forests
70. Treatment preparedness Coalition in Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ITPCru)
71. Third World Network- Africa (TWN-Africa)
72. Yolse, Santé Publique et Innovation
National
73. 1:1 diet, Gauteng, South Africa
74. 100 Percent Life, Ukraine
75. Access to Medicines Ireland
76. Access to Medicines Research Group, China
77. Acción internacional para la Salud AIS, Perú
78. Action Aid Association, India
79. Actions against AIDS (Aktionsbündnis gegen AIDS) Germany
80. Action Governance Forum – AGF, Zambia
81. Active Citizens Movement, South Africa
82. Africaine de Recherche et de Coopération pour l'appui Au Développement
Endogène (ARCADE), Senegal
83. African Centre for Biodiversity, South Africa
84. AIDES, France
85. AIDS Access Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand
86. Água Doce - Serviços Populares, Brazil
87. Alianza por la Solidaridad, Spain
88. All India Drug Action Network, India
89. Amabele Project Flamingo, South Africa
90. Anti Free Trade Agreements Committee, India
91. APINTLAW (associated program for international law), Indonesia
92. Apoyo Positivo, Madrid, Spain
93. Ari's Cancer Foundation, South Africa
94. Arzte des Welt e.V.I Doctors of the World Germany, Germany
95. Asia Pacific Network of People Living with HIV (APN+), Thailand
96. Association Chabab El Borj, Morocco
97. Associação Brasileira Interdisciplinar de AIDS (ABIA), Brazil
98. Associação Brasileira de Saúde Bucal Coletiva, Brazil
99. Association de lutte contre la dépendance ALCD, Mauritania
100.
Associação Mulher lei e desenvolvimento, Mozambique
101.
Asociación por un Acceso Justo al Medicamento, Spain
102.
Asociación Nacional de Profesionales en Enfermería, Costa Rica
103.
Association de lutte contre la dépendance ALCD, Mauritanie
104.
Association for Promotion Sustainable Development, Hawaii
105.
Association for Proper Internet Governance, Switzerland
106.
Association for Public Health Teaching, Research and Service, Nigeria
107.
Association Nigérienne des Scouts de l'Environnement (ANSEN), Niger
108.
Association of Physicians for Humanism, Republic of Korea (South)109.
ATTAC Hungary Association, Hungary
110.
Auditoría Ciudadana de la Deuda en Sanidad (Audita Sanidad), Spain
111.
Australian Arts Trust, Australia
112.
Australian Fair Trade and Investment Network (AFTINET), Australia
113.
Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation, Australia
114.
Both ENDS, The Netherlands
115.
Brazilian Association of Public Health, Brazil
116.
Bread for all, Switzerland

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Breast Course 4 Nurses (BCN), South Africa
Breast Health Foundation (BHF), South Africa
BUKO Pharma-Kampagne, Germany
CADIRE CAMEROON ASSOCIATION, Cameroon
Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, Canada
Cancer Alliance, South Africa
Cancer Association of South Africa (CANSA), South Africa
Cancer Heroes, South Africa
Cancer Patients Aid Association, India
CanSir, South Africa
CanSurvive Cancer Support (CanSurvive), South Africa
Cape Mental Health (CMH), South Africa
CAPRISA - Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, South
Africa130.
Care for Cancer Foundation, South Africa
131.
Childhood Cancer Foundation of South Africa (CHOC), South Africa
132.
CENADEP, République Démocratique du Congo
133.
Center for Health, Human Rights and Development, Uganda
134.
Center for Law, Innovation and Creativity, Northeastern U. School of Law, UnitedStates135.
Center for Policy Analysis on Trade and Health, United States
136.
Centre for Global Public Health, Institute of Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary
University London, United Kingdom
137.
Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations (SOMO), The Netherlands
138.
Centre de Recherches et d'Appui pour les Alternatives de Développement - Océan
Indien, Madagascar
139.
Centre national de coopération au développement (CNCD-11.11.11), Belgium
140.
Centro de Internet y Sociedad de la Universidad del Rosario ISUR, Colombia
141.
Centro Internazionale Crocevia, Italy
142.
Citizens’ Health Initiative (CHI), Malaysia
143.
Citizens Trade Campaign, United States
144.
Clare Cerfontyne, South Africa
145.
Coordinadora de Organizaciones de Agricultores y Ganaderos (COAG), Spain
146.
Coalición de Tendencia Clasista (CTC-VZLA), Venezuela
147.
Coalition of women living with HIV and AIDS, Malawi
148.
COAST Trust, Bangladesh
149.
Coletivo AbrAce, Brazil
150.
Consumer Association of Penang, Malaysia
151.
Consumer Association the Quality of Life, Greece
152.
Co-operative and Policy Alternative Center, South Africa
153.
Coordination Forum of NGOs Working among the Palestinian Community, Lebanon
154.
Council of Canadians, Conseil des Canadiens, Canada
155.
Creative Commons México, México
156.
CTA Autonoma (central de trabajadores de la argentina), Argentina
157.
Dandora Community Aids Support Association, Kenya
158.
Delhi Network of Positive People (DNP+), India
159.
Diabetes SA, South Africa
160.
Difäm e.V. (German Institute for Medical Mission), Germany
161.
Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal,
South Africa
162.
Diverse Voices and Action (DIVA) for Equality, Fiji
163.
Diverse Women for Diversity, India
164.
Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health
Sciences Stellenbosch University, South Africa
165.
Doctors Without Borders (MSF), South Africa

166.
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218.

Drug Action Forum-Karnataka, India
Ecologistas en Acción, Spain
Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights, Egypt
Ekumenická akademie (Ecumenical Academy), Czech Republic
Epilepsy SA, South Africa
Equidad de Género: Ciudadanía, Trabajo y Familia, Mexico
Environmental Management Trust, Zimbabwe
EQUIT Institute - Gender, Economy and Global Citizenship, Brazil
Equity and Justice Working Group, Bangladesh (EquityBD), Bangladesh
Eritrean Law Society (ELS), Eritrea
Espace associatif, Morocco
Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Farmacéuticos Mundi, SpainFederación de Asociaciones para la Defensa de la Sanidad Pública, España
Federación Española de Asociaciones de Estudiantes de Medicina para la
Cooperación international (IFMSA-Spain), Spain
FIAN India
Fiji Youth Sexual & Reproductive Health Alliance, FijiFoaesp - Forum das Ong Aids do estado de São Paulo, Brazil
FOCO Foro Ciudadano de Participación por la Justicia y los Derechos Humanos,
Argentine
Fix the Patent Law, South Africa
Fondation Eboko, France/Congo
Food Sovereignty Ghana, Ghana
Foundation for AIDS Rights, Thailand
Foundation for Integrative AIDS Research (FIAR), United States
FTA Watch, Thailand
Fundación Arcoíris por el respeto a la diversidad sexual, Mexico
Fundación GEP, Argentina
Fundación IFARMA, Colombia
Fundación Karisma, Colombia
Fundación Mexicana para la Planeación Familiar, A. C. MEXFAM, México
Fundación Vía Libre, Argentina
Gandhi Development Trust, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
GAT- Grupo de Ativistas em Tratamentos, Portugal
GenderCCSA, Gauteng, South Africa
Gene Ethics Limited, Australia
Gestos HIV and AIDS communication gender, Brazil
Gladiators of Hope, South Africa
Grandmothers Advocacy Network, Canada
Global Health Advocates France, France
Global Justice Now, United Kingdom
Governance Links Tanzania, Tanzania
Group of 80+ South Africa-affiliated Academics, South Africa
Grupo de Articulación y Dialogo, Guatemala
Grupo de Estudos em Economia Industrial, Brazil
Grupo de Incentivo à Vida GIV, Brazil
Grupo de Resistência Asa Branca- GRAB, Brazil
GTP+ Grupo de Trabalhos em Prevenção Posithivo, Brazil
Handelskampanjen, Norway
Health GAP, South Africa
Health Equity Initiatives, Malaysia
Health Innovation in Practice, Switzerland
Health Right Network, Republic of Korea
Hepatitis Scotland, United Kingdom

219.
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269.

HIV Legal Network, Canada
Hospice Palliative Care Association (HPCA), South Africa
Human Rights Information and Training Center -HRITC, Yemen, Middle East
Indonesia AIDS Coalition, Indonesia
Indonesia for Global Justice (IGJ), Indonesia
Initiative for Health & Equity in Society, India
Instituto Brasileiro de Análises Sociais e Econômicas, Brazil
instituto para el desarrollo y la paz amazonica, Tarapoto - región San Martín - PerúInstituto Vida Nova Integração Social Educação e cidadania, Brazil
Integrated Social Development Effort (ISDE) BangladeshInternational Community of Women living with HIV- Kenya Chapter, Kenya
International-Lawyers.Org Switzerland
International Women's Rights Action Watch Asia Pacific, Malaysia
IP Unit, Faculty of Law, University of Cape Town, South Africa
ISP Américas - Public Service International, Brazil
IT for Change, India
Its Our Future, New Zealand
Jan Swasthya Abhiyan Rajasthan, India
Johannesburg Against Injustice (JAI), South Africa
Just Treatment, United Kingdom
Kamara organic promoter, Rwanda
Kamukunji Paralegal Trust (KAPLET), Republic of Korea
Kerala Sasthra Sahithya Parishad, India
Knowledge commune, South Korea
Khulumani Support Group, South Africa
Korean Dentists Association for Healthy Society, South Korea
Korean Federation Medical Activist Groups for Health Rights (Association of Korea
Doctors for health rights, Association of Physicians for Humanism, Korean Dentist's
Association for Healthy Society, Korean Pharmacists for Democratic Society,
Solidarity for worker's health), Republic of Korea)
Korean Pharmacists for Democratic Society, South Korea
La Mundial, Spain
Lawyers Collective, India
Les anges du ciel, Afrique Centrale, DRCongo
Look Good Feel Better (LGFB), South Africa
Love Your Nuts (LYN), South Africa
Low Cost Standard Therapeutics, India
Lupus Foundation of South Africa, South Africa
Lymphoedema Association of South Africa (LAOSA), South Africa
Madhyam, India
Malawi Network of Religious Leaders Living with or Personally Affected by HIV
and AIDS (MANERELA+), Malawi
Malaysian Food Security And Sovereignty Forum (FKKM), Malaysia
Malaysian Women's Action on Tobacco Control and Health (MyWATCH), Malaysia
Marie Stopes South Africa
Medical Students Association of India
Medico international, Germany
Médicos sin marca Colombia
Medicusmundi, Spain
Men’s Foundation, South Africa
Merebank Activist forum, South Africa
Milwaukee Fair Trade Coalition , Wisconsin, United States
Misión Salud, Colombia
Mopaids Movimento Paulistano de Luta Contra a Aids, Brazil
New Zealand Council of Trade Unions, New Zealand

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New Woman Foundation ( NWF), Egypt
National Council Against Smoking, South Africa
National Fisheries Solidarity Movement, Sri Lanka
National Oncology Nursing Society of SA (NONSA), South Africa
National Union of Public and General Employees, Canada
National University of Colombia, Colombia
National Working Group on Patent Laws and WTO, India
Nepal Integrated Development Initiatives (NIDI), Nepal
NGO Federation of Nepal, Nepal
NGO's platform of Saida- Lebanon
Nigerian Women Agro Allied Farmers Association
Nikithemba NPO, South Africa
Non-communicable Disease Alliance Kenya, Kenya
Nuances, Brazil
Observatório de Políticas e do Cuidado em Saúde/ Pólo UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Ongd AFRICANDO, Spain
Organisation des Ruraux pour une Agriculture Durable (ORAD), Benin
OTMeds (Observatoire de la transparence dans les politiques du médicament), France
Pancreatic Cancer Network of SA (PanCan), South Africa
Palestinian NGOs Network, Palestine
PAPDA, (Plateforme haïtienne de plaidoyer pour un développement alternative) Haïti
Participatory Ecological Land Use Management Association Eswatini, Swaziland
Participatory Research Action Network (PRAN), Bangladesh
Partnership Network Association, Kyrgyzstan
Pan-African Treatment Access Movement (PATAM), Zimbabwe
People Living With Cancer (PLWC), South Africa
People’s Health Institute, Republic of Korea
People's Health Movement Australia
People's Health Movement Brazil
People's Health Movement Kenya
People's Health Movement Nepal
People's Health Movement Republic of Korea
People's Health Movement South Africa
Phoenix Center for Economics & Informatics Studies-Jordan
Phoenix PLUS, Russia
Phoenix Settlement Trust, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Pink Parasol Project, South Africa
Pink Trees for Pauline (Pink Trees), South Africa
Plataforma No Gracias, Spain
Plataforma Salud y Sanidad Pública Asturias, SPAIN
Pocket Cancer Support, South Africa
Policies for Equitable Access to Health (PEAH), Italy
Policy Analysis and Research of Lesotho, Lesotho
Positive Initiative, Republic of Moldova
Positive Malaysian Treatment Access & Advocacy Group (MTAAG+), Malaysia
Positive response for treatment access, adherence and support foundation, Nigeria
Prayas, India
Presentation Sisters, Wagga Wagga, NSW Australia
Prince MSHIYENI MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, South Africa
Program on Human Rights and the Global Economy, Northeastern U. School of Law,
United States
Public Citizen, United States
Public Eye, Switzerland
Public Health Association of Australia
Rajasthan vidyut prasaran mazdoor congres intuc, Rajastan, India

324.
Rainbows and Smiles, South Africa
325.
Reach for Recovery (RFR), South Africa
326.
Red Mexicana de acción frente al Libre Comercio (RMALC), Mexico327.
Rede Brasileira Pela Integração dos Povos (REBRIP), Brazil
328.
Rede jovem Rio mais, Brazil
329.
Religions for Peace South Africa
330.
Republican public association "People PLUS", Belarus
331.
Research Foundation for Science Technology and Ecology, India
332.
Réseau Accès aux Médicaments Essentiels, Burkina Faso
333.
Réseau Mauritanien Pour L’Action Sociale- Mauritanie
334.
Réseau PRODDES, République Démocratique du Congo
335.
Right to Health Action [R2H Action], United States
336.
Sahabat Alam Malaysia, Malaysia
337.
Salud por Derecho, Spain
338.
Salud y Fármacos, United States
339.
Sampada Grameen Mahila Sanstha, India
340.
Samuelson-Glushko Canadian Internet Policy & Public Interest Clinic, Canada
341.
Sanidad española, Spain
342.
Sankalp Rehabilitation Trust, India
343.
Save Seeds Japan, Japan
344.
Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders Alliance (SABDA), South Africa
345.
SEARCH Foundation, Australia
346.
SECTION27, South Africa
347.
Sisters of Charity Federation, United States
348.
Social Awareness Service Organisation, India
349.
Social Watch Bénin
350.
Social Watch - Côte d'Ivoire
351.
Social Watch – Philippines
352.
Sociedad española de salud publica y administración sanitaria, Spain
353.
Society for Community Health, Awareness, Research and Action (SOCHARA),
South Africa
354.
Society of Development and Care, Kenya
355.
Solidarité Agissante pour le Développement Familial SADF, République
Démocratique du Congo
356.
Solidarity for Worker’s Health, Republic of Korea
357.
S.O.S CEDIA - Criança e Desenvolvimento Integral De Angola
358.
South African Food Sovereignty Campaign, South Africa
359.
South African Oncology Social Workers’ Forum (SAOSWF) South Africa
360.
Southern and Eastern Africa Trade Information and Negotiations Institute, Uganda
361.
Southern & East African Trade Institute - South Africa (SEATINI), South Africa
362.
Speaking 4 the Planet, Australia
363.
STOPAIDS, United Kingdom
364.
Students for Global Health, United Kingdom
365.
Sukaar Welfare Organization, Pakistan
366.
T1International, United Kingdom
367.
Tax Justice Network Africa, Uganda
368.
TB Proof, South Africa
369.
TEDIC NGO, Paraguay
370.
Terre A Vie, Ouagadougou ; Burkina Faso
371.
The Global Network of People Living with HIV (GNP+) Netherlands
372.
The Grail in Australia Justice Network, Australia
373.
The Organization of Journalists Against Drugs and Crime in Tanzania
374.
The Sunflower Funds (TSF), South Africa
375.
Think Tank "Medicines, Information and Power" of the National University ofColombia

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Trade Justice Pilipinas, Philippines
Treatment Action Campaign (TAC), South Africa
TRANSSMART TRUST, Zimbabwe
Tripla Difesa Onlus, Italy
TRCSS (Transdisciplinary Research Cluster on Sustainability Studies) JNU
Jawaharial Nehru University, New Delhi, India
Treatment Action Group, United States
The South African Depression and Anxiety Group (SADAG), South Africa
the South African Federation of Mental Health (SAFMH),
the South African Non-Communicable Diseases Alliance (SANCD Alliance)
the Cancer Alliance including Advocates for Breast Cancer, South Africa
The Stop Stock Outs Project (SSP), South Africa
Trade Justice PEI, Canada
UDK Consultancy, Malawi
ULOA...Uganda land owners association, Uganda
Unions WA, Western Australia
Unión del Personal Civil de la Nación, Argentina
Union fédérale des consommateurs - Que Choisir, France
Vietnam Network of People living with HIV (VNP+), Vietnam
VREDE Foundation for Young People with Cancer (Vrede Foundation) South Africa
War on Want, United Kingdom
Washington Biotechnology Action Council, United States
Wemos, The Netherlands
We Rise and Prosper (WRAP), Uganda
Wings of Hope (WoH) South Africa
Win Without War, United States
Woman Health Philippines
Women Engage for a Common Future – The Netherlands
Women's Coalition Against Cancer, Malawi
World Vision Deutschland e.V.,Germany
Wote Youth Development Projects, Kenya
Yemeni Observatory for Human Rights-Yemen
Zambia Alliance for Agroecology and Biodiversity, Lusaka
Zimbabwe National Network of PLHIV (ZNNP+), Zimbabwe

1 https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/LDC-testing-30-Sep.pdf
2 Small group of rich nations have bought up more than half the future supply of leading COVID-19 vaccine contenders,

https://www.oxfam.org/en/press-releases/small-group-rich-nations-have-bought-more-half-future-supply-leading-covid-19
3
Astra Zeneca vaccine document shows limit of no-profit pledge, Financial Times, 7th October 2020.
4
Pharma leaders shoot down WHO voluntary pool for patent rights on Covid-19 products, Pharmalot, 28th May 2020.
5 See for example: Pfizer-BioNTech, Regeneron sued for patent infringement with COVID-19 products

https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/pfizer-biontech-regeneron-sued-for-infringement-allele-s-patent-their-covid-19products; Lawsuit reveals intellectual property is holding back production of CEPI- and Gates Foundation-funded COVID19 vaccine candidate, https://twn.my/title2/briefing_papers/twn/Hammond.pdf; Pandemic intellectual property dispute
deepens as Inovio iscountersued, leaving its COVID-19 candidate in limbo,
https://twn.my/title2/briefing_papers/twn/Inovio%20countersued%20IP-COVID%20Jul%202020%20Hammond.pdf; Patentdispute looms as a major complication for Moderna’s COVID-19 vaccine,
https://twn.my/title2/briefing_papers/twn/Moderna%20IP-COVID%20Aug%202020%20Hammond.pdf
6 For example, price of remdesivir in the US amounts to US$ 3120 per treatment and licensed generic versions in India cost
US$ from 587 to 792 per treatment course6, while estimated minimum cost to manufacture remdesivir with a reasonableprofit margin is only US$ 9 per treatment course.
7 India and South Africa proposal for WTO waiver from intellectual property protections for COVID-19-related medical
technologies, MSF October 2020, https://msfaccess.org/india-and-south-africa-proposal-wto-waiver-ip-protections-covid19-related-medical-technologies