2021.1 - 12

JP Domain Name
Registry ReportJapan Registry Services Co.,Ltd.

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WRWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKH,QWHUQHWVRFLHW\Koki Higashida
President
Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd.

Registry Report Index

01 Registry Activities
01・1 *RDORI-356DVWKH-3'RPDLQ1DPH5HJLVWU\

2

01・2 Major Topics of 2021

3

01・3 International Relations

9

01・4 Activities in Japan19

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24

02 Statistical Information
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30

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31

03 Reference
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32

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Registry Report 2021

1

01

Registry Activities

01・1 Goal of JPRS as the JP Domain Name Registry
Our main objectives as the registry are: to continuously improve the value of JP domain names; to gain stronger
support from the local and global Internet community; and to provide domain names as well as management andadministration services that contribute to society in an environment where JPRS competes and collaborates withother registries of TLDs*1 and similar service providers.
JPRS defines the following as the core concepts for its services including the management and administration of JP
domain names.
Reliability: establishing services with social credibility
Stability: operating and administering stable systems
Usability: providing user-friendly services
Fee Performance: setting reasonable service fees
With the mission of supporting the Internet infrastructure, JPRS considers it important to ensure reliability andstability while pursuing a good balance with usability and fee performance.

*1 TLD : Top Level Domain

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Registry Report 2021

01・2 Major Topics of 2021
In 2021, JPRS continued to contribute to the development of the Internet and worked to enhance its JP registry
services and the value of JP domain names in cooperation with the JP Registrars and other related organizations.

Publication of “Internet White Paper 2021” with JPRS
Participating in Planning and Editing (January)“Internet White Paper” is a yearbook that summarizes the current state of the Internet
from various perspectives including that of business, society and technology. Its 2021
edition, “Internet White Paper 2021 (subtitle: DX Strategy in the Post-COVID-19
Era),” was published. JPRS has been collaborating with Impress R&D*1, IAjapan*2
and JPNIC*3 in the Internet White Paper Editorial Committee in the planning andsteering the White Paper since 2013.
https://jprs.co.jp/topics/2021/210129.html (in Japanese)
Internet White Paper 2021

Addition of “Internet White Paper 2020” to “Internet White Paper ARCHIVES” (February)“Internet White Paper 2020” published in 2020 was added to “Internet White Paper ARCHIVES,” the websiteorganized and operated by the Internet White Paper Editorial Committee.
“Internet White Paper ARCHIVES” is a compendium of Internet White Papers, which are published annually andspan from 1996 to the previous year's edition. The archive is publicly available free of charge. Going forward, thewhite paper that becomes a back issue in the year following its publication will also be added to the archive.
https://jprs.co.jp/topics/2021/210205.html (in Japanese)/DXQFKRI´+,6725<2)<($56µ-356·VWK$QQLYHUVDU\:HEVLWH(February)“Internet White Paper 2020” published in 2020 was added to “Internet White
Paper ARCHIVES,” the website organized and operated by the Internet
White Paper Editorial Committee.
“Internet White Paper ARCHIVES” is a compendium of Internet White
Papers, which are published annually and span from 1996 to the previous
year's edition. The archive is publicly available free of charge. Goingforward, the white paper that becomes a back issue in the year following its
publication will also be added to the archive.
HISTORY OF 20 YEARS

https://jprs.co.jp/en/press/2021/210226.html
https://jprs.co.jp/20th/en/*1 Impress R&D
https://www.impressrd.jp/ (in Japanese)*2 IAjapan: Internet Association Japan
https://www.iajapan.org/index-en.html*3 JPNIC: Japan Network Information Center
https://www.nic.ad.jp/en/

Registry Report 2021

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01

Registry Activities

Support for the 23rd Japan Junior/Senior High School Web Contest (March)
JPRS supported the “23rd Japan Junior/Senior High School Web Contest*4,” a Web contest that was held by
JAPIAS*5 for junior and senior high school students. JPRS provided 156 General-use JP domain names (both inJapanese and ASCII) free of charge for the works of 78 teams so that they could have original domain names.
JPRS also presented the “Best Domain Naming Award” to the team who had chosen the most effective domainname to increase the appeal of their work.
https://jprs.co.jp/press/2021/210309.html (in Japanese)

Participation in Interop Tokyo 2021 (April)Interop Tokyo 2021 was held as a hybrid event with both in-person and online
participation, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
JPRS ran a booth and held a series of video seminars each of which wasgiven a title starting with “Learn in 5 Minutes.” It also organized apresentation-style seminar on site with physical distancing, where theaudience could learn the basics of domain names, DNS, server certificates aswell as an overview of and countermeasures against subdomain takeovers.
In addition, JPRS provided information to visitors through a panel exhibition

JPRS boothand by distributing technical documents.
https://jprs.jp/related-info/event/2021/0430_interop.html (in Japanese)

Free Cartoon Booklet on the Internet System Sent to Junior and Senior High Schools
and Technical Colleges across Japan (May)As part of its Internet-related educational activities, JPRS set up channels including a
special website “https://マンガで学ぶ.jp/” (Learn from Manga) where junior and seniorhigh school and technical colleges could apply to receive educational materials from May
17 to June 30, 2021. Recognizing the growing importance of Internet-related educationand the shortage of teaching materials in schools, JPRS has worked on this project since2010. The number of copies distributed in the last ten years exceeds 310,000.
7KHPDWHULDOWKDW-356GLVWULEXWHGLVDJUDSKLFDOFRPLFVW\OHERRNOHWHQWLWOHG´3RQWD·V
Great Adventure in the Network.” It contains a story with many illustrations to help
readers learn how to reach websites and how a “Domain Name,” which is an Internet
address, works. In addition, it describes HTTPS, a scheme for ensuring secure
telecommunications, in a simple manner.
https://jprs.co.jp/press/2021/210517.html (in Japanese)*4 Japan Junior/Senior High School Web Contest
http://webcon.japias.jp/ (in Japanese)*5 JAPIAS: Japan Association for Promotion of Internet Application in School Education
http://japias.jp/ (in Japanese)

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Registry Report 2021

Ponta s Great Adventurein the Network

Support for SECCON 2021 (from May)SECCON 2021*6 was a series of events held from May to December 2021 with the aim of recruiting and training
information security personnel and providing a place for hands-on experience with related technologies. JPRS
supported SECCON 2021 as a sponsor. It agrees with the purpose of SECCON and has cosponsored it since 2014.
https://jprs.co.jp/topics/2021/211206.html (in Japanese)

Support for “Oshigoto Hakubutsukan,” a Career Education Support Program by
Asahi Shimbun (June)
Recognizing the importance of career education for the children who will lead the next
generation and the benefits of understanding the Internet infrastructure at an early age,
JPRS co-sponsored “Oshigoto Hakubutsukan [*7] (Occupations Museum),” a career
education support program conducted by Asahi Shimbun Company. JPRS also provided
the program with educational materials regarding domain names.
Under the program, “Oshigoto Nenkan (Occupations Yearbook)” is distributed to schools
free of charge, and clearly explains to students how businesses and institutions work. The
yearbook complies with government guidelines on education and can be used as ateaching tool. A total of 70,000 copies of the 2021 yearbook were donated to about 20,000
elementary schools and 10,000 junior high schools across the country, and the contents

Oshigoto Nenkan 2021

are also published on the web version of “Oshigoto Hakubutsukan.”
https://jprs.co.jp/topics/2021/210621.html (in Japanese)

Support for Internet Week Showcase Online 2021 (July),QWHUQHW:HHN6KRZFDVHLVDIUHHHYHQWWKDWIHDWXUHVFDUHIXOO\VHOHFWHGSURJUDPVRIWKHSUHYLRXV\HDU·V,QWHUQHW
Week, a conference held by JPNIC in Tokyo every year around November.
JPRS supported Internet Week Showcase Online 2021 as a sponsor and gave a lecture that was an updated
version of its lunch time webinar entitled “DNS Administration in the Era of Managed Service: Featuring DNSTakeover” originally presented at Internet Week 2020 held in November 2020.
https://jprs.co.jp/topics/2021/210706.html (in Japanese)*6 SECCON 2021
https://www.seccon.jp/2021/ (in Japanese)*7 Oshigoto Hakubutsukan
https://www.oshihaku.jp/ (in Japanese)

Registry Report 2021

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01

Registry Activities

JPRS, HOTnet and QTnet Commenced Operation of Local Nodes for the JP DNS Servers (July)
JPRS, in collaboration with HOTnet*8 and QTnet*9, started operating the local nodes for the JP DNS servers on July12, 2021, for the first time in the history of JP DNS. Server nodes on the Internet are divided into two types: global
nodes that provide services to the entire Internet and local nodes that serve only connected networks, and they areused differently depending on the intended purpose. In this joint effort, local nodes were set up in Hokkaido andKyushu, enhancing the JP DNS servers.
The nodes were installed following the outcome of the demonstration experiment undertaken by JPRS and thedomestic ISPs from 2019 to 2021. Following the installation, services in each area will be more stable, and theimpact of system errors and changing situations outside of the area will be mitigated. Moreover, this measure will
spread access across more servers, and thereby improve the stability and reliability of all the JP DNS servers.

https://jprs.co.jp/press/2021/210714.html (in Japanese)

Traditional Chinese Edition of the Cartoon Booklet on the Internet System Co-producedwith TWNIC (September)
JPRS and TWNIC*10 collaborated to develop and publish in PDF format the traditional&KLQHVHHGLWLRQRI´3RQWD·V*UHDW$GYHQWXUHLQWKH1HWZRUN/HDUQWKH6WUXFWXUHDQG
Mechanism of the Internet with Fun,” a graphical comic-style booklet explaining how theInternet works.
JPRS created and published Japanese and English versions of the booklet before thiscollaborative project. The traditional Chinese edition was produced at the request of
TWNIC, who highly evaluated the original booklet and wanted to provide supplementary
educational materials related to the Internet in their local language. The booklet wastranslated by TWNIC and PDF was made by JPRS, and has been published by both the
JPRS website and the TWNIC website.
https://jprs.co.jp/en/topics/2021/210910.html
https://jprs.jp/related-info/study/ponta-zh-Hant.pdf*8 HOTnet: Hokkaido Telecommunication Network Co., Inc.
https://www.hotnet.co.jp/ (in Japanese)*9 QTnet: QTnet, Inc.
https://www.qtnet.co.jp/ (in Japanese)*10 TWNIC: Taiwan Network Information Center
https://www.twnic.tw/

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Registry Report 2021

Ponta s Great Adventurein the Network
Traditional Chinese EditionJPRS Held 12th “.jp DNSSEC Key Ceremony” (October)In public-key cryptography, a key ceremony is a procedure in which a unique pair of private and public keys is
generated. In JPRS, “.jp DNSSEC Key Ceremony” is a procedure for creating key- and zone-signing keys andsigning the jp zone.
It is vital for the reliability and stability of DNSSEC that the procedure for generating and managing the key pairs is
properly and securely executed. For this reason, JPRS invites External Witnesses, who are not affiliated with JPRS,
to the .jp DNSSEC Key Ceremony.
Like in 2020, two External Witnesses observed and confirmed the process in the 12th ceremony held on October 5,
2021. Due to COVID-19, the ceremony was observed via live streaming rather than the usual on-site examination.
https://jprs.co.jp/en/topics/2021/211006.html

Distribution of a Free Poster to Educational Institutions across Japan to Help Students
Enjoy Learning about ccTLDs (November)
As part of its efforts to support education regarding the Internet, JPRS produced
a poster listing the ccTLDs*11 all around the world and distributed copies forcharge-free to junior and senior high schools as well as technical colleges
across Japan.
Students use ccTLDs daily without realizing it. JPRS produced the poster tohelp them gain a deeper understanding about ccTLDs in a fun way. This project
has been carried out for three consecutive years since 2019.

Poster: ccTLDs of the World

The poster presents the ccTLDs, the names of the countries and territories towhich respective ccTLDs are allocated, and an interesting story about each ofthem. The latest version contains some updated episodes and newly added
pictures characteristic of the countries and territories, which makes the poster
more visually appealing. Besides, new videos showcasing ccTLDs by continent
such as Asia and Europe have been added to the dedicated website, which
visualizes on the globe which ccTLD is allocated to which part of the world.
https://jprs.co.jp/press/2021/211115.html (in Japanese)
https://sekai-domain.jp/ (in Japanese)*11 ccTLD: Country Code Top Level Domain

Registry Report 2021

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01

Registry Activities

Support for Internet Week 2021 (November)
JPRS supported Internet Week 2021 as a sponsor and sent Kazunori)XMLZDUDWRVHUYHRQWKH3URJUDP&RPPLWWHHDQGFRQWULEXWHWRWKHSODQQLQJ
of DNS-related sessions.
In addition, Yoshitaka Aharen, Kazuki Ikeda, Yuri Takamatsu and Kazunori)XMLZDUDRI-356LQWURGXFHGGRPDLQQDPHV'16DQGRWKHUUHODWHGWRSLFVLQ
the program called “DNS DAY.”At the Lunch Time Webinar, Yasuhiro Morishita and Hikaru Yoshino of JPRS

Lunch Time Webinar at Internet Week 2021

JDYHDSUHVHQWDWLRQHQWLWOHG´/HW·V7KLQNDERXWWKH¶'16RI7RPRUURZ·/XQFKwith DNS” and talked about the DNS, which has supported the evolution of
the Internet as one of its underlying services. They highlighted various
changes that the DNS has undergone since its inception and discussed signsof a new shift that might take place in the future.
https://jprs.co.jp/en/topics/2021/211006.html

Events and Seminars for JP Registrars
In 2021, JPRS organized the events and seminars for JP Registrars in a hybrid format, with both in-person
and online attendees. Video recordings and handouts were published for JP Registrars after each session.

“JP Registrar Seminar: An Introduction to Domain Name Registration and Administration” (May)JPRS explained the basics of JP domain names, how to register and administer them, as well as thefundamental structure of DNS to newly accredited JP Registrars and the staff of JP Registrars who recently
started handling JP domain names.

´-3563DUWQHUV·0HHWLQJµ(October)
JPRS described the latest developments in the domain name industry, future service changes as well as
information useful for day-to-day operations to those staff members who were handling domain names in JP
Registrars.

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Registry Report 2021

01・3 International Relations
1. Participation in ICANNICANN* 1 is a private non-profit organization established in
the United States in 1998 to coordinate globally the resources
underpinning the Internet, such as domain names and IP
addresses.
Since its foundation, JPRS has been actively participating in theorganization of ICANN and various policy discussions andsupporting the facilitation of Internet resource management led by
the private sector, with ICANN playing the central role. In 2002,
JPRS signed a “ccTLD Sponsorship Agreement” with ICANN and

ICANN71

has since been entrusted by ICANN to serve as the registry of-DSDQ·VFF7/'´MSµ
By participating in various organizations established within ICANN, as well as by giving presentations andinformation exchanges at various sessions, JPRS participates in policy development and implementation planningto cope with issues facing ICANN and registries. As the .JP registry and one of the operators of the M-Root DNS
server, JPRS is sharing its experience with the global community via ICANN, thereby contributing to thedevelopment of the Internet as a whole.
ICANN holds three public meetings each year to enable stakeholders from every country and region of the world toparticipate and discuss Internet resource management and related rules. In 2021, all three meetings were held
online due to COVID-19. ICANN70 took place in March, ICANN71 in June and ICANN72 in October.
With the participation of numerous parties interested in ccTLD and gTLD*2, ICANN has always functioned as animportant forum for information-sharing and discussions on policies and governance concerning domain namemanagement. Considering the burden of the attendees in different time zones, each Supporting Organization (SO)and Advisory Committee (AC) focused on discussing issues of their own concern in 2021, while continuing dialogue
between different SOs/ACs to promote a better understanding of each other. Even in such a situation, ICANN
continues to play an important role as a forum to share and exchange views about not only issues related to Internet
resources but also various topics of interest to each SO/AC. In 2021, the participants of the ICANN meetings
covered a wide range of topics, such as Registry Voluntary Commitments, which are efforts made by gTLD
registries based on their contract with ICANN, and utilization of Reputation Block Lists, which are lists of blocked IP
addresses and host names used for spam email. The attendees also exchanged opinions about the form of future
ICANN public meetings in consideration of the impact of COVID-19.
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*1 ICANN Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
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*2 gTLD Generic Top Level Domain

Registry Report 2021

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01

Registry Activities(1) ccNSO
ccNSO*3 is one of the Supporting Organizations set up in ICANN to assist its activities. The role of ccNSO as analliance of ccTLD managers is to cooperate with the other Supporting Organizations in ICANN, form a consensus
in the ccTLD community on global issues concerning the entire ccTLD space and to make recommendations to
the ICANN Board. JPRS prepared for the establishment of the ccNSO in 2003 and has been a member sincethen. Hirofumi Hotta of JPRS served as a member of the ccNSO Council from its establishment to March 2020.
Also, Atsushi Endo of JPRS is a member of the SOPC (ccNSO Strategic and Operational Planning Standing
Committee)*4ZKLFKVXEPLWVDSHWLWLRQUHJDUGLQJ,&$11·V´)LYH<HDU2SHUDWLQJDQG)LQDQFLDO3ODQµDQG´$QQXDO2SHUDWLQJ3ODQDQG%XGJHWµ(QGRDOVRVHUYHVRQWKHVXEJURXSZLWKLQWKHFF162*XLGHOLQHV5HYLHZ&RPPLWWHH
(*5&)ZKLFKUHH[DPLQHVWKHJXLGHOLQHVIRUWKHRSHUDWLRQRIFF7/'VDQGFRQWULEXWHVWRWKHGHYHORSPHQWRISURSRVHGUHYLVLRQV<XUL7DNDPDWVXLVWDNLQJSDUWLQWKH03& ( ccNSO Meetings Programme Standing
Committee )*5ZKLFKGHVLJQVSURJUDPVIRUWKHFF162UHODWHGPHHWLQJVDVZHOODVFF3'3 6 which develops
policy proposals for IDN*7 ccTLDs.
Considering the burden on the participants from the ccTLD registries who had to attend from various time zones
due to the online nature of the ICANN meetings, the ccNSO decided, as in 2020, to focus in its meetings on theissues that should be addressed and discussed by the entire ccTLD community. On the other hand, the sessions
to share specific topics and trends unique to ccTLD registries were held between the ICANN meetings.
,QWKHFF162PHHWLQJVIHDWXUHGD4 $VHVVLRQEHWZHHQWKHFF162DSSRLQWHG,&$11%RDUGPHPEHUV
and the ccNSO members, a discussion on the draft revision to the ccNSO Rules that had been proposed by the*5&VXEJURXSDQGIRUPXODWHGLQDGHOLEHUDWLRQRIWKHSURFHVVIRUUHWLULQJDFF7/'DVZHOODVDGHEDWHRQ
the requirements for applying for an IDN ccTLD. In addition, there was a session on discussing what they may
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Revision of the ccNSO Rules will be voted on by the ccNSO members following discussions at each ICANN
meeting and consultations with the members via webinars and other opportunities. Atsushi Endo of JPRS has
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*3 ccNSO Country Code Names Supporting Organisation
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*4 SOPCKWWSVFFQVRLFDQQRUJHQZRUNLQJJURXSVVRSLZJKWP*5 MPCKWWSVFFQVRLFDQQRUJHQZRUNLQJJURXSVPSZJKWP*6 ccPDP4KWWSVFFQVRLFDQQRUJHQZRUNLQJJURXSVLGQFFWOGVWULQJVKWP*7 IDN Internationalized Domain Name

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(2) Label Generation Rules for the Root Zone
/DEHO*HQHUDWLRQ5XOHVIRUWKH5RRW=RQH(/*5)DLPWRHVWDEOLVKUXOHVIRUDGGLQJODEHOVWKDWLQFOXGHQRQ$6&,,
VFULSWVWRWKHURRW]RQH(DFKODQJXDJHFRPPXQLW\OHDGVWKHGHYHORSPHQWRILWVUHVSHFWLYH/*5
7KHIROORZLQJWZRW\SHVRISDQHOVDUHZRUNLQJRQGHYHORSLQJWKH/*5VIRUWKH'16URRW]RQH
1. Generation Panel (GP)(DFK*3LVFRPSRVHGRINH\ILJXUHVRIHDFKODQJXDJHFRPPXQLW\DQGH[SHUWVLQOLQJXLVWLFVDQGGRPDLQQDPHV(DFK*3FUHDWHVDSURSRVHG/*5IRUDJLYHQVFULSWDQGLVRUJDQL]HGIRUHDFKVFULSWWREHDGGHGLQWKHURRW]RQH
2. Integration Panel (IP),3LVDSDQHORIH[SHUWVLQFKDUDFWHUHQFRGLQJRU,'1VDQGLVWDVNHGZLWKLQWHJUDWLQJUXOHVGHYHORSHGE\WKH*3VLQWR
DFRQVLVWHQWVHWRI/*5V
7KH,3ZDVHVWDEOLVKHGLQDQGVHYHUDO*3VIRUGLIIHUHQWVFULSWVZHUHIRUPHGLQ'HYHORSPHQWVKDYH
been under way in each language community.
The cultural community that uses Han (Kanji) script includes the Chinese, Korean and Japanese communities, so
LWLVQHFHVVDU\WRGHYHORSWKH/*5VWKDWDUHFRQVLVWHQWDFURVVWKRVHODQJXDJHFRPPXQLWLHV7KHUHIRUHWKH
-DSDQHVHFRPPXQLW\KDVEHHQZRUNLQJRQLWV/*5LQFRQVLGHUDWLRQRIVXFKQHFHVVLW\7KHVWXG\LVEHLQJ
FRQGXFWHGLQWKH-DSDQHVH*HQHUDWLRQ3DQHO(-*3)LQYROYLQJ,'1H[SHUWVUHSUHVHQWLQJWKH-DSDQHVHODQJXDJHFRPPXQLW\OLQJXLVWVDQGUHJLVWU\H[SHUWVZLWK-31,&DQG-356VHUYLQJDVWKHVHFUHWDULDW+LURIXPL+RWWDRI
-356LVOHDGLQJWKHLQLWLDWLYHDVWKHFKDLUDQG<RVKLUR<RQH\DDORQJZLWK<XUL7DNDPDWVXDUHPHPEHUVRIWKH
-*37KH\DUHFRQWULEXWLQJWKHLUH[SHUWLVHJDLQHGWKURXJKGHVLJQLQJSURYLGLQJDQGRSHUDWLQJWKH-DSDQHVH-3
Domain Name services.
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E\6HSWHPEHU,WVXEPLWWHGWKHILQDOSURSRVDORIWKH-DSDQHVH/*5WR,&$11LQ6HSWHPEHUZKLFKZDVIROORZHGE\,&$11·VSXEOLFFRPPHQWSHULRGXQWLO1RYHPEHURIWKHVDPH\HDU6HYHUDOFRPPHQWVZHUH
UHFHLYHGEXWQRQHRIWKHPZDVGHHPHGWRDIIHFWWKHSURSRVDO$VDUHVXOWWKH-DSDQHVH/*5ZDVILQDOL]HGLQ
December 2021.
7KH&KLQHVH/*5ILQDOL]HGLQ0D\ZDVLQWHJUDWHGLQWRWKH5RRW=RQH/DEHO*HQHUDWLRQ5XOHV9HUVLRQ
(5=/*5)UHOHDVHGLQ1RYHPEHUDQGWKH.RUHDQ/*5FRQILUPHGLQ0D\ZLOOEHLQFRUSRUDWHGLQWR
WKHQH[WYHUVLRQRIWKH5=/*5(5=/*5)DORQJZLWKWKH-DSDQHVH/*5

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Registry Activities(3) RSSAC
The RSSAC*8 is one of the Advisory Committees within ICANN that advises the ICANN community and the Boardon matters relating to operation, administration, security, and integrity of the Root DNS Server (Root Server)
System. As one of the operators of the M-Root DNS server, JPRS has been participating in the activities of the
RSSAC in collaboration with the WIDE Project*9, the other operator.
The RSSAC continued its work in each ICANN meeting and via its own regular conference calls in 2021, which
resulted in the release of the principles guiding the operation of the Root Server Operators (RSSAC055* 10),
specific examples of rogue behaviors of a Root Server Operator ( RSSAC056* 11 ) and the requirements forassessing the local perspective on the root server system (RSSAC057*12). The RSSAC has also been working on
a new governance model of DNS Root Server System.
Hirofumi Hotta of JPRS has been playing an active role in these discussions representing both two M-Root DNS
server operators. Moreover, Yoshitaka Aharen, Shinta Sato, Kazunori Fujiwara and Hirofumi Hotta of JPRS are on
the RSSAC Caucus tasked with considering and drafting proposals to the ICANN Board and the community. They
were involved in the development of RSSAC056 and RSSAC057.

*8 RSSAC: Root Server System Advisory Committee
https://www.icann.org/groups/rssac*9 WIDE Project
https://www.wide.ad.jp/index_e.html*10 RSSAC055
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/rssac-055-07jul21-en.pdf*11 RSSAC056
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/rssac-056-07jul21-en.pdf*12 RSSAC057
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/rssac-057-09sep21-en.pdf

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(4) Participation in the Discussion to Propose a New Governance Model for the
Root Server System
The Root Server System consists of 13 sets of root DNS servers called A-M and is comprised of over 1,300
instances. These root DNS servers are operated stably by 12 Root Server Operators working together on a
voluntary basis.
As the importance of the Internet continues to grow, there are increasing calls for improved stability and assured
reliability for the operation of the Root Server System. Against this backdrop, the Root Server Operators took the
LQLWLDWLYHLQWKH566$&RQHRI,&$11·V$GYLVRU\&RPPLWWHHVWRSURSRVHDPRUHUREXVWJRYHUQDQFHPRGHOWKDW
could underpin the foundation of the Internet into the future.
The results of the discussion were submitted to the ICANN Board as document RSSAC037*13 in June 2018,
whereupon the direction for deliberation based on RSSAC037 was approved by the ICANN Board. Subsequently,
the ICANN Root Server Governance Working Group ( GWG ) was established in January 2020 to develop a
concrete governance model according to the direction for deliberation.
The GWG comprises ten representatives: two from ccNSO, two from ICANN Registries Stakeholder Group, twofrom IAB*14 / IETF*15, three from Root Server Operators and one from the ICANN Security and Stability Advisory
Committee. The GWG also comprises three liaisons: one from IANA, one from the ICANN Board and one from
Root Zone Maintainer. Hirofumi Hotta of JPRS has been participating in the discussions in the GWG as one of thethree representatives of the Root Server Operators. As a member of the GWG, he also shared the status of theworking group with APAC Space, an arena for the Asia Pacific community.
The GWG has drawn up an interim report to date. Going forward, all the Root Server Operators will join theprocess of fleshing out the details.

*13 RSSAC037
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/rssac-037-15jun18-en.pdf*14 IAB: Internet Architecture Board
https://www.iab.org/*15 IETF: Internet Engineering Task Forcehttps://www.ietf.org/

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Registry Activities

2. Participation in IETF
IETF was established in 1986 by IAB to promote standardization ofInternet technologies. There are a number of WGs in IETF that aredeveloping standards in various technology areas. Discussion andother activities of IETF are handled via its mailing lists. IETF also
holds meetings three times per year, and engineers gather fromevery region across the world to attend these meetings.
IETF 110

All the IETF meetings scheduled for 2021 were held online due to
COVID-19. IETF 110 was organized in March, IETF 111 in July and IETF 112 in November.
JPRS is participating in the standardization activities in IETF by suggesting solutions to the issues related
to DNS operations and proposing standardization of the technologies employed by registries. The following
UHSRUWVRQ-356·VDFWLYLWLHVLQ,(7)

(1) dnsop WG
The name of the dnsop WG*1 derives from DNS Operations. The working group aims to compile a guideline for
DNS operation in general, including administration of DNS servers and registration data.
JPRS has actively participated in the dnsop WG with its expertise as the JP DNS operator to point out the
ambiguity in the DNS protocol, present the issues caused by misconfigurations of DNS servers and discuss theoperational method of DNSSEC. Besides that, JPRS engineers co-authored RFC 4074, RFC 7719, RFC 8198
and RFC 8499, and these RFCs were issued thus far.
In 2021, the dnsop WG continued the discussion on “draft-ietf-dnsop-avoid-fragmentation” co-authored by
Kazunori Fujiwara of JPRS and Paul Vixie. The document is a proposal to avoid IP fragmentation in the DNS andwas revised by the working group in February, June and December.
In addition, the working group considered “draft-ietf-dnsop-rfc8499bis,” an updated version of RFC 8499 being
prepared by Paul Hoffman of ICANN and Kazunori Fujiwara of JPRS. The document was revised in June and
September 2021.
Furthermore, Fujiwara submitted his new idea in the form of “draft-fujiwara-dprive-doh-via-httpproxy-00,” a
proposal to improve the privacy of DNS over HTTPS (DoH) using Open HTTP Proxy, in July 2021.

*1 dnsop WG: Domain Name System Operations Working Grouphttps://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/dnsop/

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3. Participation in Registry Associations(1) APTLDAPTLD*1 is an association composed of ccTLD registries mainly in the Asia Pacific (AP) region. JPRS has been amember of APTLD since 2002. As the JP registry, JPRS proposes improvements of APTLD activities, provides
information and exchanges views at presentations and discussions so that the ccTLD community in the AP region
can gain experience and expertise and raise the level of service standards.
In the APTLD meetings held twice a year, the groups and the organizations related to the region introduced theiractivities and the participants explained what they were implementing and considering, such as the service ofeach ccTLD registry and efforts to improve the security of domain names, which led to active discussions.
Yoshiro Yoneya of JPRS shared his thoughts on the examples of use of DoH/DoT ( DNS over TLS ) as an
introduction to the panel within the session on DoH/DoT and DNS at the February 2021 meeting. In the Annual
General Meeting held in conjunction with the February meeting, JPRS, as a member of APTLD, made a proposal
to the association on how to report the activities of the Board of Directors and how to share past meeting
materials. In this way, JPRS has been actively participating in the discussion about organizational management of
APTLD as well.

(2) CENTR
CENTR*2 is an association consisting of ccTLD registries mainly in Europe. As an Associate member, JPRS
shares information and exchanges opinions with other CENTR members. In addition, CENTR conducts surveys
and information-sharing among members, so JPRS is actively taking part in these activities to consider its futureservices in the light of what it learns in CENTR.
Sumika Uchikawa of JPRS shared its most recent efforts as the JP domain name registry, including marketing
DFWLYLWLHVDWWKH0DUNHWLQJ:RUNVKRSKHOGRQOLQHLQ)HEUXDU\DQG2FWREHU8FKLNDZDDOVRSUHVHQWHG-356·V
marketing actions taken to date in relation to Japanese JP domain names at the CENTR webinar on IDNs held
RQOLQHLQ0D\DQGGHVFULEHG-356·VHIIRUWVWREXLOGUHODWLRQVKLSVZLWK-35HJLVWUDUVDW&(1750HPEHUV·
Days held online in June.

*1 APTLD: Asia Pacific Top Level Domain Association
https://www.aptld.org/*2 CENTR: Council of European National Top Level Domain Registries
https://www.centr.org/

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Registry Activities

4. Other International Activities(1) Participation in the Internet Governance Forum (IGF)
IGF*1 is an international conference organized under the auspices of the United Nations (UN) and has been held
annually since 2006. IGF 2021 was held from December 6 to 10 as a hybrid event with in-person participation in
Katowice, Poland as well as online attendance. Hirofumi Hotta and Yuri Takamatsu of JPRS participated in theevent.
Under the overarching theme of “Internet United,” IGF 2021 featured more than 300 sessions on six themes,
including “Economic and Social Inclusion and Human Rights,” “Universal Access and Meaningful Connectivity”
and “Emerging Regulation: Market Structure, Content, Data and Consumer Rights and Protection.” In his video
message for the Opening Session, the UN Secretary-General emphasized the importance of the Internet in theeconomy and our lives, which has increased dramatically amid the coronavirus. He also stated that strengthened
cooperation would be needed to solve the problems and challenges that have been magnified due to thepandemic and reiterated that the goal was to connect everyone to the Internet by 2030. Going forward, JPRS will
make good use of the information gained from the discussion in IGF 2021 and will stimulate related discussions inJapan.

(2) Participation in the Asia Pacific Regional Internet Governance Forum (APrIGF)
APrIGF*2 has been held annually since 2010, with the participation of mainly the members of the community in
the Asia Pacific. It has been a forum for discussing issues related to Internet governance in not only the AP region
but also the entire world. Hirofumi Hotta of JPRS is on the Multi-Stakeholder Steering Group ( MSG ) thatconsiders the policy direction of the APrIGF.
APrIGF 2021 was held in September as a hybrid meeting in Kathmandu, Nepal, allowing attendees to participate
either in-person or online. Yuri Takamatsu of JPRS participated in the event. As in the previous year, APrIGF 2021
had several sessions that focused on realizations and issues arising out of the continuing impact of COVID-19. It
also highlighted the fact that the Internet has not only benefited people but also had negative effects, such as
copyright infringement and hate speech. The participants shared information about such issues and discussed
how to deal with them.

*1 IGF: Internet Governance Forumhttps://www.intgovforum.org/*2 APrIGF: Asia Pacific Regional Internet Governance Forumhttps://www.rigf.asia/

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(3) Participation in AP* Retreat
AP* ( APstar* 3 ) Retreat is a meeting that is held twice a year in principle and gathers the Internet-related
associations in the Asia Pacific region as well as the participants representing the organizations playing key rolesin the Internet in each country and region. At the AP* Retreat meetings the participants share the activities andconcerns of each participating organization and discuss how the Asia Pacific community as a whole should
address the issues related to the Internet.
AP* Retreat was held online in February and September in 2021, and Hirofumi Hotta and Atsushi Endo of JPRS
participated in both events. Endo shared the activities of JPRS, and Hotta outlined the deployment of the M-Root
DNS server around the AP region as an M-Root DNS server operator in the February retreat. In addition, Hotta
served as the chair of the September retreat.

(4) Participation in Root DNS Server Operation
JPRS and the WIDE Project collaboratively operate the M-Root DNS server, one of the root DNS servers, for the
purpose of ensuring the reliability and stability of DNS operations.
The 12 root DNS server operator organizations from around the world meet in conjunction with IETF meetings
which are held three times a year, and JPRS has been participating in these meetings as one of the organizations
in charge of the operation of the M-Root DNS server. At these meetings, attendees share information principallyon the stability of server operations and topics related to the latest technology.
With the cooperation of APNIC, the M-Root DNS server has been expanding its footprint around the AP region
since 2020. The operation in Hanoi, Vietnam started in 2021.
Making good use of its experience as the .JP registry, JPRS has been contributing to the global Internet
community while also building on the JP Domain Name services with the knowledge it has gained in the operationof the root DNS server.

*3 APstar: The Community of Asia Pacific Internet Organizations
https://www.apstar.org/

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Registry Activities(5) Participation in DNS-OARC
DNS-OARC*4 is an international organization established in 2004 for the purpose of improving the stability andquality of DNS through various activities related to operation, analysis and study of DNS, the system widely usedon the Internet. DNS-OARC conducts the annual DITL*5, which involves collecting and evaluating server packets
of DNS including the root servers once a year for 50 hours.
DNS-OARC workshops were organized in February, May, September and November in 2021. All these eventswere held entirely online due to COVID-19.
In OARC 35 held in May 2021, Yoshitaka Aharen of JPRS gave a presentation entitled “Evaluation of anti-DDoS
features in full-service resolvers” and shared the evaluation results of anti-DDoS functionalities implemented infull-service resolvers. In addition, Kazunori Fujiwara of JPRS gave a talk entitled “Keep my privacy: DNS over HTTPS
over CGN or public NAT64” and discussed ways to protect the privacy of DoH by using CGN, NAT64 and HTTP Proxy.

(6) Participation in APRICOTAPRICOT*6 is a non-profit forum for advancing the understanding and technology necessary to grow a robust
Internet infrastructure in the AP region.
Takayasu Matsuura of JPRS participated in the conference held online in March 2021 and presented the resultsof a demonstration experiment, which had been conducted jointly with domestic ISPs, to place local nodes for
TLD DNS servers using “.jprs,” a TLD for research. He gave the presentation together with Nagisa Yano of
OPTAGE*7, one of the organizations participating in the experiment.

(7) Participation in W3C
W3C*8 is a non-profit organization founded in 1994 to develop a series of technical standards for the World Wide Web.
JPRS participates in W3C and plays an active role in enhancing Web security and internationalization of identifiers.

(8) Activities in Academic Societies
JPRS continues to participate in academic societies through its study and research on DNS and other relatedareas of study. Takeshi Mitamura of JPRS sits on the Special Interest Group on Business Informatics within theJapanese Society of Artificial Intelligence as an expert member. Kazunori Fujiwara served as an expert memberof the Technical Committee on Internet Architecture of EIC Communication Society until March 2021.

*4 DNS-OARC: The DNS Operations, Analysis, and Research Center
https://www.dns-oarc.net/*5 DITL: Day In The Life of the Internet
https://www.dns-oarc.net/oarc/data/ditl*6 APRICOT: Asia Pacific Regional Internet Conference on Operational Technologies
https://www.apricot.net/*7 OPTAGE: OPTAGE Inc.
https://optage.co.jp/en/*8 W3C: World Wide Web Consortium
https://www.w3.org/

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01・4 Activities in Japan(1) Participation in JANOG
JANOG*1 is the organization established to promote the smooth
operation of networks through discussions and information-sharing
among network operators to contribute to Internet users andengineers. The members discuss various issues on the mailing list
and gather at JANOG Meetings held twice a year. JANOG also
convenes Interim Meetings as necessary between regular JANOG
meetings.
JANOG48 Meeting

In 2021, all the JANOG meetings were organized as hybrid eventswith both in-person and online participation. JANOG47 Meeting was held in Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture in
January. At the JANOG48 Meeting in Ogaki City, Gifu Prefecture, Yuri Hirabayashi of JPRS, in collaboration with
Yoshiki Komatsu and Toshiaki Uematsu of HOTnet, gave a presentation entitled “Achieving Redundancy in
Various Regions in Japan with a View to Local Node Installation.” They shared the results of the demonstration
experiment which had been carried out jointly by JPRS, HOTnet, OPTAGE and QTnet using “.jprs” as a TLD for
research. The experiment was conducted assuming a situation where a DDoS attack targeting an authoritative
DNS server of a TLD caused a loss of reachability to that server. It verified whether the installation of local nodes,
which had been proved effective for mitigating physical fragmentation caused by a large-scale disaster, was also
effective for continuing name resolution services even in the event of a logical fragmentation brought about by acyberattack. With a view to applying the outcome of the experiment in the actual environment, the local nodes for
JP DNS were installed in Hokkaido and Kyushu and started operation on July 12, 2021.
JPRS continues to participate in the discussion on the mailing list as well as in the meetings and supports the
JANOG Meetings as one of the sponsors. It also runs an exhibition booth at the meeting venue to distributetechnical information materials about domain names, DNS and server certificates.

*1 JANOG: JApan Network Operators' Grouphttps://www.janog.gr.jp/en/html/

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Registry Activities(2) Participation in DNSOPS.JPDNS Operators Group, Japan (DNSOPS.JP)*2 was established in 2006 with the intention of contributing to the stable
operation of the Internet through the administration of DNS. Yasuhiro Morishita of JPRS participated in the establishment
as one of the founding members. DNSOPS.JP serves as a forum for DNS operators where they can exchange and share
information and discuss related issues.
DNSOPS.JP holds a BoF (Birds of a Feather) annually for technical presentations and discussions. It has also organized “DNS
Summer Day,” in which participants share their efforts related to DNS and give lightning talks, every summer since 2012.
At DNS Summer Day 2021 held online in June 2021, Yoshitaka Aharen of JPRS, together with Yoshiki Komatsu andToshiaki Uematsu of HOTnet, gave a talk entitled “Evaluation of Anti-DDoS Features in Full-Service Resolvers.” They
spoke about the joint project conducted in collaboration with the domestic ISPs to evaluate new mitigation technologies
to be applied in the event of a DDoS attack. The speakers also shared the feedback of the evaluation that had been
provided to the vendors of DNS server software. Using “.jprs,” a TLD for research, JPRS has worked together with
Enecom*3, OTNet*4, OPTAGE, QTnet, CNCI*5, SoftBank*6, HOTnet, HTNet*7 and FreeBit*8 to carry out the evaluation
through demonstration experiments.*9
Yoshitaka Aharen of JPRS and Yoshibumi Suematsu of QTnet also gave a presentation entitled “Key Points for Migrationfrom BIND 9.11 to 9.16” and explained what to keep in mind when upgrading from BIND 9.11, which is no longer
supported, to BIND 9.16, the next long-term supported version.
In addition, Kazunori Fujiwara of JPRS showcased the measures to protect the privacy of DoH using CGN, NAT64 andHTTP Proxy in his presentation entitled “Keep my privacy: DNS over HTTPS over CGN or public NAT64.” Yoshiro
Yoneya of JPRS, and Masayuki Okada and Taiga Koga of the University of Nagasaki jointly gave a presentation entitled“Findings from a Study on Authoritative DNS Services” and reported the results of their research on the confidentiality
and availability of various DNS services.
Moreover, Yasuhiro Morishita of JPRS shared technical information, such as vulnerability information on DNS that JPRS had
published over the past year, in his presentation entitled “Technical Information Provided by JPRS (July 2020–June 2021).”Furthermore, Takayasu Matsuura of JPRS made the opening and closing remarks at the BoF held in November 2021.

*2 DNSOPS.JP: DNS Operators Group, Japan
https://dnsops.jp/ (in Japanese)*3 Enecom: Energia Communications, Inc.
https://www.enecom.co.jp/ (in Japanese)*4 OTNet: Okinawa Telecommunication Network Co., Inc.
https://www.otnet.co.jp/ (in Japanese)*5 CNCI: Community Network Center Inc.
https://www.cnci.co.jp/ (in Japanese)*6 SoftBank: SoftBank Corp.
https://www.softbank.jp/en/*7 HTNet: Hokuriku Telecommunication Network Co., Inc.
https://www.htnet.co.jp/ (in Japanese)*8 FreeBit: FreeBit Co., Ltd.
https://freebit.com/en/*9 .jprs TLD Labs: Demonstration Experiments for DDoS Attack
https://tldlabs.jprs/en/

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(3) Participation in ICANN Readout Sessions
ICANN Readout Session is the event that has been organized jointly by JPNIC and IAjapan from 2001 to 2017and by JPNIC from April 2017 onward. JPRS has been participating in the ICANN Readout Sessions andreporting to the Japanese community about the development of the ccNSO and other relevant topics.
In 2021, the readout sessions were held in May, August and December. In these events, JPRS reported on thedevelopment and issues in the ccNSO and, as a Root Server Operator, gave a status update on the deliberationsof the future governance model for the DNS Root Server System.
As a member of the Japanese Generation Panel (JGP), JPRS also talked about the development of the Label
Generation Rule (LGR) for the Japanese community and called for comments on the draft proposal of LGR.

(4) Participation in ISOC-JP
ISOC-JP*10 was established in August 1994 and has made various efforts to promote the Internet in Japan as theJapan Chapter of the Internet Society (ISOC*11). Yoshiro Yoneya of JPRS has been taking part in the Internet
Standardization Promotion Committee (ISPC) of ISOC-JP since 2017 and serving as the ISPC Vice Chair since
2019.

(5) Participation in ICT-ISAC
ICT-ISAC*12 was established in 2016 to contribute to the formation of a secure society underpinned by informationand communication technology (ICT). It has been working together with businesses and organizations from awide range of fields related to ICT to keep distribution and communication of information stable, thereby improving
security countermeasures and achieving a higher level of responses. JPRS has been participating in ICT-ISAC asa member since 2017.
ICT-ISAC undertakes activities through various working groups consisting of its members. JPRS is taking part
mainly in the Cyber Attack Defense Exercise WG (CAE-WG), Rapid Response to DoS Attacks WG (DoS-WG),
Special Interest Group for DNS Operators (DNS-SiG), Society of Network Abuse Response WG (SoNAR-WG)
and IoT Security WG to contribute to enhancing the security related to ICT.

*10 ISOC-JP: The Internet Society Japan Chapter
https://www.isoc.jp/*11 ISOC: Internet Society
https://www.internetsociety.org/*12 ICT-ISAC: ICT Information Sharing And Analysis Center Japan
https://www.ict-isac.jp/english/index.html

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Registry Activities(6) Participation in the Efforts Related to Internet Governance
Hitherto, there have been efforts such as the Japan IGF and Internet Governance Conference Japan, to promote
discussions about Internet governance within the country.
In addition, a group of volunteers reviewed the past efforts and summarized them in “Experience and Issues ofInternet Governance-related Activities in Japan” to enhance the national activities in preparation for IGF 2023 tobe held in Japan. Hirofumi Hotta of JPRS lead the review and creation of the document.
This review triggered the establishment of a voluntary body called “National Activity Promotion Team for IGF 2023” which
aimed to propose a framework to actively join IGF 2023 and held events to raise awareness on topics and debates related
to Internet governance. Hirofumi Hotta and Yuri Takamatsu of JPRS participated in the discussion of the team, andTakamatsu served as the master of ceremonies for the Japan Pre-IGF 2021 Meeting which took place on October 7–8,
2021.
Hotta and Takamatsu also took part in the planning of a capacity building event on Internet governance-related
discussions organized by DotAsia*13 for youth, one of the key stakeholders especially for the future evolution of
WKH,QWHUQHW$V'RW$VLD·VILUVWFRQIHUHQFHIRU-DSDQHVH\RXWKVWKHSDQHODQGJURXSGLVFXVVLRQVRIWKHHYHQW
featured topics that attracted a lot of attention in Japan, such as manga piracy and data sovereignty.

(7) Participation in the Council of Anti-Phishing JapanThe Council of Anti-Phishing Japan* 14 is a council tasked mainly with collecting and providing information onphishing and issuing alerts. Atsushi Endo of JPRS has been contributing to the overall operation of the Council asa member of its steering committee since 2020.
The Council has published the “Anti-Phishing Guidelines” for service providers and consumers. It also has a working
group (Technology and Legal System WG) to consider refining the guidelines every year, taking into consideration thecurrent threats. Atsushi Endo and Toshihiro Sasaki of JPRS took part in the working group as members for drawing up
the 2021 edition of the guidelines*15 and engaged in the awareness campaign and educational activities about domainname abuse. Endo and Sasaki are participating in drawing up the 2022 edition, too.
In addition, Kazumitsu Shiraiwa and Yoshiro Yoneya of JPRS have been on the working group charged withsharing information about phishing scams and discussing collaboration between organizations (Hazard Info WG).
Moreover, Shiraiwa, Yoneya and Hayato Machida of JPRS participated in the working group for promoting
knowledge about server certificates (Certificate Promotion WG).
Yasuhiro Morishita of JPRS spoke at the 1st Anti-Phishing Study Meeting held in February 2021 and gave alecture entitled “Overview of Subdomain Takeover and Preventive Measures.”*13 DotAsia: DotAsia Organisation
https://www.dot.asia/*14 Council of Anti-Phishing Japan
https://www.antiphishing.jp/ (in Japanese)*15 Anti-Phishing Guidelines (released in June 2021, in Japanese)
https://www.antiphishing.jp/report/guideline/antiphishing_guideline2021.html

22

Registry Report 2021

(8) Participation in Telecom Services Association
Telecom Services Association*16 was founded for the purpose of promoting the sound evolution of information andtelecommunication businesses in the competitive market, thereby contributing to the development of the industry
as a whole and enhancing the benefits to citizens as well as public welfare.
The Service Ethics Committee within the Telecom Services Association is tasked with addressing ethics and otherrelated issues in network services. It works on improving the Internet use environment by exchanging opinions
and information on the laws and regulations related to network services and the challenges facing providers.
Takaharu Ui of JPRS participated in the committee as a member and joined the discussions on the Provider
Liability Limitation Act, disclosure of sender information and the other relevant topics in 2021.

(9) Participation in KEIDANREN (Japan Business Federation)
The Committee on Digital Economy of KEIDANREN (Japan Business Federation)* 17 is the body tasked withdeliberating and making policy proposals about issues such as promoting the use of personal data and measures
to ensure the free flow of data across national borders. In 2021, Hirofumi Hotta and Takaharu Ui of JPRS took
part in wide-ranging discussions in the Planning Subcommittee within the Committee on the Digital Economy.

*16 Telecom Services Association
https://www.telesa.or.jp/en*17 KEIDANREN (Japan Business Federation)
https://www.keidanren.or.jp/en/

Registry Report 2021

23

01

Registry Activities

01・5

2YHUYLHZRIWKLV7HUP·V$FWLYLWLHVDQG&KDOOHQJHV
for the Future

JPRS has constantly worked to strike a proper balance among reliability, stability, usability and fee performance,
which constitute the basis of JP domain name registry services and JP DNS operation, while also improving eachof the four values.
In 2021, the first local nodes for JP DNS were installed in Hokkaido and Kyushu and started operation. This project
was undertaken to improve the stability and reliability of JP domain name services and JP DNS, and to utilize theresults of the demonstration experiment using “.jprs,” a TLD for research, in a real environment. The experiment
was conducted by JPRS and domestic ISPs from May 2019 to November 2021.
JPRS also tapped into its expertise as the .JP registry to provide information related to domain names and DNS andpromote understanding of industry trends at events and meetings, many of which were held online using videoconferencing services due to COVID-19.
The year 2021 saw several challenges threatening the stable operation of the Internet, such as large-scale DNS
failures, which were caused by operational errors in some major social media and other services, and vulnerabilities
in DNS software. JPRS has responded to these problems through its information provision activities, including
security alerts and educational programs.
As part of its Internet-related educational support activities, JPRS has distributed a free booklet on how the Internet
works to educational institutions across Japan for twelve years in a row, with the total number of copies distributed
exceeding 310,000. It also produced a poster to help students learn about ccTLDs in a fun way and distributed
copies free of charge to educational institutions across Japan for the third year in a row since 2019. Moreover, JPRS
continued to provide domain names free of charge at the website creation contest for junior and senior high school
students to support children who will lead the next generation.
With the accelerating digital transformation of society, JPRS will continue to improve the security of its system while
reinforcing its equipment and administrative structure. In doing so, JPRS aims to foster an environment where
people can use the Internet more safely. JPRS will also continue to work with other relevant organizations and the
JP Registrars to disseminate information on DNS technology and issue security alerts to address vulnerabilities inthe entire DNS.
The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated and expanded the use of the Internet and brought about changes incorporate and social activities. Consequently, public demand for stable communications infrastructure has risen
significantly. In view of the circumstances, JPRS will ensure greater continuity of the service in times of disaster by
ensuring faster recovery and improved reliability through enhancement of its system infrastructure and exercises
assuming various situations.
As the JP registry, JPRS will continue its efforts to provide better and stable services.

24

Registry Report 2021

Registry Report 2021

25

02

Statistical Information

02・1

Change in the Cumulative Number of Registered
JP Domain Names

As of January 1, 2022, the number of registered JP domain names reached 1,680,673, an increase of 60,470 in one year.
(Number of names)

180
165

Organizational/Geographic Type150

General-use

135

Prefecture Type

120
105
90
75
60
45
30
15
1993 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2022
As of January each year
(Number of names)

Month/Year
1993/1
1994/1
1995/1
1996/1
1997/1
1998/1
1999/1
2000/1
2001/1
2002/1
2003/1
2004/1
2005/1
2006/1
2007/1
2008/1
2009/1
2010/1
2011/1
2012/1
2013/1
2014/1
2015/1
2016/1
2017/1
2018/1
2019/1
2020/12021/12022/1

Organizational/
Geographic Type
953
1,341
2,206
4,781
15,47733,73958,549124,573
234,294
283,340
297,413309,193
327,742
346,340
363,768
378,903389,598
399,339
406,856
413,332
421,606
428,467
435,390446,004
458,947
472,906
486,956
499,366
513,038
529,032

General-use(Japanese domain name)183,499（ 61,507）
205,493（ 51,544）
245,100（ 45,402）
317,455（ 63,324）
439,784（116,602）
518,557（124,153）
609,983（141,858）
674,133（134,921）
740,820（133,754）
791,249（123,711）
845,054（119,337）
888,657（122,394）
915,854（126,182）
940,427（120,801）
953,041（113,521）
984,270（114,130）
1,010,615（107,363）
1,052,832（ 99,869）
1,065,561（ 95,123）
1,095,928（ 90,494）
1,139,718（ 87,921）*Please refer to “Statistics” (https://jprs.co.jp/en/stat/) for the latest information.

26

Registry Report 2021

Prefecture Type
(Japanese domain name)8,452（1,915）
11,781（2,948）
11,684（3,117）
11,202（2,612）
11,419（2,524）
11,956（2,524）
11,569（1,953）
11,480（1,829）
11,237（1,612）
11,923（1,733）

Total
953
1,341
2,206
4,781
15,47733,73958,549124,573
234,294
466,839
502,906
554,293645,197
786,124882,325
988,886
1,063,731
1,140,159
1,198,105
1,258,386
1,318,715
1,356,102
1,387,501
1,410,247
1,454,636
1,495,477
1,551,357
1,576,407
1,620,203
1,680,673

02・2

Breakdown of JP Domain Name Registrations
by Name Space*As of January 1, 2022
Prefecture Type
0.7%

Organizational/
Geographic Type
31.5%

CO：86.3％

General-use
67.8%

ED：1.2%
GO：0.1%
GR：1.0%
LG：0.4%
NE：2.4%
OR：7.4%
Geographic Type：0.4%
AC：0.7%
AD：0.1%(Number of names)

JP Domain Name Types
AC: Higher education institution
AD: JPNIC Member
CO: Company
ED: Primary school, junior andsenior high school
Organizational/
Geographic Type

GO: Japanese government

1 Jan 2022 Number 1 Jan 2021 Number
of Registrationsof Registrations

Difference

3,779

3,727

+52

250

253

ー3

456,727441,688+15,039

6,258

5,979

+279

679

628

+51

GR: Group

5,516

5,696

ー180

LG: Japanese local authority

1,895

1,894

+1

NE: Network service

12,766

12,866ー100

OR: Corporation other than company

39,045

38,158+887

Geographic Type

2,117

2,149

ー32

General-use(Japanese domain name)1,139,718（87,921）

1,095,928（90,494）+43,790（ー2,573）

Prefecture Type
(Japanese domain name)11,923（1,733）

11,237（1,612）+686（+121）

Total JP Domain Name Registration

1,680,673

1,620,203+60,470*Please refer to “Statistics” (https://jprs.co.jp/en/stat/) for the latest information.

Registry Report 2021

27

02

Statistical Information

02・3

Number of JP Domain Name Registrations
by Prefecture*As of January 1, 2022

Prefecture
Hokkaido
Aomori
Iwate
Miyagi
Akita
Yamagata
Fukushima
IbarakiTochigi
Gunma
Saitama
Chiba
Tokyo
Kanagawa
NiigataToyamaIshikawa
Fukui
Yamanashi
NaganoGifu
Shizuoka
Aichi
Mie
Shiga
Kyoto
Osaka
Hyogo
Nara
Wakayama
Tottori
Shimane
Okayama
Hiroshima
Yamaguchi
Tokushima
KagawaEhime
Kochi
Fukuoka
Saga
Nagasaki
Kumamoto
Oita
MiyazakiKagoshima
Okinawa
28

Registry Report 2021

Organizational/ Geographic Type

General-use

Prefecture Type

2.8%

2.1%

2.4%

0.5%

0.3%

0.5%

0.4%

0.3%

0.5%

1.3%

0.8%

0.8%

0.4%

0.3%

0.5%

0.6%

0.3%

0.4%

0.9%

0.5%

0.5%

1.4%

1.0%

0.5%

1.0%

0.6%

1.5%

1.1%

0.7%

1.6%

4.4%

2.8%

2.9%

3.3%

2.3%

2.7%

32.4%

42.3%

36.0%

6.6%

4.9%

4.6%

1.1%

0.7%

1.5%

0.6%

0.4%

0.5%

0.7%

0.6%

0.5%

0.5%

0.3%

0.4%

0.5%

0.4%

0.4%

1.3%

0.9%

1.3%

1.1%

0.8%

1.0%

2.1%

1.5%

1.2%

5.4%

3.7%

2.9%

0.8%

0.5%

1.1%

0.7%

0.5%

1.1%

2.0%

2.5%

5.9%

9.4%

15.2%

9.4%

3.2%

2.3%

1.6%

0.6%

0.7%

1.3%

0.4%

0.4%

0.5%

0.2%

0.2%

0.3%

0.3%

0.3%

0.3%

1.1%

0.7%

0.7%

1.6%

1.0%

1.0%

0.5%

0.3%

0.2%

0.3%

0.3%

0.3%

0.5%

0.4%

0.5%

0.6%

0.4%

0.6%

0.3%

0.2%

0.4%

3.3%

2.6%

3.8%

0.3%

0.2%

0.5%

0.5%

0.3%

0.7%

0.8%

0.6%

1.6%

0.4%

0.4%

0.8%

0.4%

0.3%

0.5%

0.6%

0.4%

0.6%

0.7%

0.6%

1.3%

02・4 Transition of DNS Configuration Rate
*As of January 1, 2022
100

(%)

90

80

70
Organizational/Geographic Type60

General-use
Prefecture Type50
2018/1

2019/1

2020/12021/12022/1Month/Year

Organizational/Geographic Type

General-use

Prefecture Type2018/1

99.4%

96.8%

91.9%

2019/1

99.4%

96.9%

91.3%

2020/1

99.4%

97.1%

91.8%

2021/1

99.4%

97.2%

91.9%

2022/1

99.5%

97.3%

91.9%

Registry Report 2021

29

02

Statistical Information

02・5 Number of Accredited JP Registrars

Organizational/Geographic Type600

General-use

Prefecture Type

(Number of Registrars)

500
400
300
200
100
0

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
/4
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1

(Number of Registrars)

Month/Year

Organizational/
Geographic Type

General-use

Prefecture Type

Cumulative Total

443

2001/4

443

490

490

2003/1

560

546

1,106

2004/1

557

559

1,116

2005/1

553

564

1,117

2006/1

562

576

1,138

2007/1

559

572

1,131

2008/1

557

573

1,130

2009/1

558

577

1,135

2010/1

555

577

1,132

2011/1

563

582

1,145

2012/1571

590

2013/1

566

586

197

1,349

2014/1

564

582

227

1,373

2015/1

560

577

241

1,378

2016/1

560

576

252

1,388

2017/1

554

569

252

1,375

2018/1

559

574

255

1,388

2019/1

556

571

254

1,381

2020/1

544

559

257

1,360

2021/1

542

559

256

1,357

2022/1

522

538

254

1,314

2002/1

1,161*The number of JP Registrars for the Organizational/Geographic Type JP domain names is the figure after April 2002 when management andadministration was transferred from JPNIC to JPRS.

30

Registry Report 2021

02・6

Number of Complaints Based on JP Domain Name
Dispute Resolution Policy (JP-DRP)(Number of cases)

16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

(Number of cases)

Year

Number

2000

2

2001

11

2002

6

2003

7

2004

4

2005

11

2006

8

2007

10

2008

3

2009

9

2010

7

2011

12

2012

15

2013

10

2014

8

2015

7

2016

9

2017

5

2018

7

2019

9

2020

10

2021

14

*For details of domain name disputes, please refer to the “Domain Name Dispute Resolution
Policy (DRP)” posted by Japan Network Information Center (https://www.nic.ad.jp/en/drp/).

Registry Report 2021

31

03

Reference

03・1 History
2000
2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Dec.
Feb.
Apr.
May
Feb.
Apr.
Oct.
Jan.
Jun.
Jul.
Feb.
Jul.
Dec.
Jan.
Dec.

2006

2007

2008

2009
2010
2011

2012

2013
2014
2015
2016

Dec.
Mar.
Jun.
Oct.
Apr.
Nov.
May
Jan.
Feb.
May
Jul.
Sep.
Nov.
Mar.
Nov.
Nov.
Jun.
Oct.
Apr.
Jun.

2017

Sep.
Oct.

2018

Feb.
Nov.
Sep.
Jan.
Aug.

2019
2020

2021
32

Jan.
Apr.
Nov.
Dec.
Mar.

Registry Report 2021

Oct.
Jul.

JPRS was established.
General-use JP Domain Priority Registration Application started.
General-use JP Domain Concurrent Registration Application started.
General-use JP Domain First-Come First-Served Registration Application started.
ccTLD Sponsorship Agreement was concluded with ICANN.
Management and administration of .JP TLD was transferred from JPNIC to JPRS.
LG.JP was established.
The number of registered JP domain names surpassed 500,000.
JPRS received the approval from ICANN to start IDN service.
RFC-based Japanese JP Domain Name registration service started.
IP Anycast technology was introduced in JP DNS service ([a.dns.jp] [d.dns.jp]).
JP domain name started full support for IPv6, for the first time in the world as a TLD.
The portal site “Nihongo dot JP” (https://日本語.jp/) for promoting Japanese JP Domain Name waslaunched.
The portal site “Jinmei Jiten dot JP” (https://人名事典.jp/) to introduce Japanese JP domain names
using personal names was launched.
“Eki Machi Guide” (https://駅街ガイド.jp/), which provides information on areas around stations using
Japanese JP domain names consisting of station names throughout Japan, started.
JPRS started operation of the M-Root DNS server in cooperation with the WIDE Project.
JPRS started deleting improper DNS server registrations.
JPRS shortened the processing time for JP DNS update.
The number of registered General-use JP domain names surpassed 500,000.
JPRS published guidelines for making URLs consisting of Japanese domain names clickable in email text.
“Procedure for recovering deleted domain name registration” was introduced for General-use JP
Domain Name.
IP Anycast technology was introduced to the JP DNS service ([e.dns.jp]).
The number of registered JP domain names surpassed 1 million.
JPRS started the real-time application process service for CO.JP Domain Name.
The JP DNS server configuration was changed (c.dns.jp and g.dns.jp added).
JPRS announced its participation in the “BIND 10” development project.
JPRS extended the coverage of the real-time application process service.
JPRS started distributing a cartoon booklet “How the Internet Works” free of charge to junior andsenior high schools across Japan.
JPRS deployed DNSSEC to the JP domain name service.
JPRS started providing “gTLD Registration Services.”
JPRS published “DNS Practices,” a book on DNS, written by JPRS engineers.
Priority Registration Application of the Prefecture Type JP Domain Name started.
Concurrent Registration Application of the Prefecture Type JP Domain Name started.
General Registration Application of the Prefecture Type JP Domain Name started.
The number of registered Prefecture Type JP domain names surpassed 10,000.
The TTL value of the DS RR for JP DNS servers was changed.
JPRS introduced Japanese characters into the Prefecture Labels of the Prefecture Type JP Domain Name.
JPRS signed an MoU with ICANN and JPNIC on Japanese translation of ICANN materials.
JPRS started providing JP Registrars with “JP Domain Name Usage Support Program for Students.”
JPRS Started Digital Certificates Issuance Services.
JPRS submitted a notification of its telecommunications business in response to the enactment of thepartial amendment to the Telecommunications Business Law.
The number of registered General-use JP domain names surpassed 1 million.
JPRS started accepting Concurrent Registration Applications for Japanese JP domain names
representing school names.
JPRS published the report of joint research with 8 ISPs of the electric power corporation group on
continued use of the Internet in case of a large-scale disaster.
The number of registered JP domain names surpassed 1.5 million.
“Textbook to understand DNS well,” a practical guide to DNS authored by JPRS engineers, was published.
JPRS acquired ISO 27001 certification (for the domain registry business).
JPRS attained full compliance with the WebTrust criteria that ensure the reliability of Certificate Authorities.
JPRS, the WIDE Project and APNIC agreed to establish a new cooperative relationship for the deploymentof M-Root instances.
The number of registered JP domain names surpassed 1.6 million.
JPRS, HOTnet and QTnet commenced operation of the local nodes for the JP DNS servers.

03・2 JP Domain Name Advisory Committee
The JP Domain Name Advisory Committee was established in 2002 in order to maintain fairness and neutrality of the .JP
registry operations. The committee members from outside of JPRS with various viewpoints consider policies for JP domainname services. JP Domain Name Advisory Committee meetings are open to the public, and the minutes and documents are
publicly accessible on the JPRS website.

(1) Advisory Committee Meetings
Feb. 1670th JP Domain Name Advisory Committee
The committee members reviewed the draft recommendation that had been adjusted following the advisory
report entitled “Method for Appointing Members of the 11th JP Domain Name Advisory Committee”(JPRS-ADVRPT-2020002). The recommendation was confirmed and then delivered to JPRS on February 16.

Jun. 1

71st JP Domain Name Advisory Committee
It was reported that the JPRS Board of Directors had appointed all the nominees in accordance with theadvisory report, “Method for Appointing Members of the 11th JP Domain Name Advisory Committee”(JPRS-ADVRPT-2020002), as well as the recommendation. It was also informed that the appointees had
assumed their positions in the 11th JP Domain Name Advisory Committee. Shigeki Goto was elected andappointed as Chair, and Hironao Kaneko as Vice Chair, of the committee.
JPRS outlined the status of .JP and other TLDs, the circumstances surrounding domain names and its recent
activities. The committee then held a question-and-answer session and exchanged opinions.

(2) Consultations and Advisories
The JP Domain Name Advisory Committee did not receive consultations or issue advisories in 2021.
*For details about the past consultations and advisory themes, please refer to “JP Domain Name Advisory Committee”(https://jprs.jp/advisory/) (in Japanese).

Registry Report 2021

33

03

Reference

03・3 Proposals and Presentations
Date

Title

Feb. 5

Overview of Subdomain Takeover and Preventive Measures

1st Anti-Phishing Study
Meeting

Council of Anti-PhishingJapan

Feb. 23

Tour de table

34th CENTR Marketing
Workshop

CENTR

Feb. 24

Thoughts on DoH/DoT aka DNS over Encryption

APTLD79

APTLD

Feb. 25

Introduction to the Governance of RSS

APAC Space, Online (Zoom)

APAC Space

Feb. 28

Deployment of M-Root instances in AP region

AP* Retreat

AP* Retreat

Mar. 3

Deployment of TLD Anycast node to ISPs for stability
and resiliency

APRICOT 2021 Conference

APRICOTMar. 4

Cautionary Points about Deletion of Domain Names

Technology and Regulation
Council of Anti-Phishing
WG Update Meeting,Japan
Council of Anti-Phishing Japan

Apr. 1RSSAC in ICANN70

APAC Space ICANN70
Readout

Apr.14-Apr.16

Learn in 5 Minutes: Domain Name Basics

Interop Tokyo 2021

Apr.14-Apr.16

Learn in 5 Minutes: Basics of Server Certificate(Always On SSL)

Interop Tokyo 2021

Apr.14-Apr.16

Learn in 5 Minutes: Mechanism of DNS Resolution

Interop Tokyo 2021

Apr.14-Apr.16

Learn in 5 Minutes: Subdomain Takeover

Interop Tokyo 2021

Apr.14-Apr.16

Let's Learn in 15 Minutes: Overview of Subdomain
Takeover and Preventive Measures

Interop Tokyo 2021

Apr. 15

Progress in DNSSEC Validation 〜Case of Japan〜

Progress in DNSSEC
Validation 〜Case of Japan〜

ICANN APAC／TWNIC

May 6

Evaluation of anti-DDoS features in full-service resolvers

OARC 35

DNS-OARC

May 6

IDN marketing hits and misses

CENTR webinar on IDNs

CENTR

May 6

Keep my privacy: DNS over HTTPS over CGN, public NAT64
OARC 35（or IPv6 transition technologies, Open HTTP proxies）

May 13Update of the Discussion on the DNS Root Server System

60th ICANN Readout Session

JPNIC

May 13

Root Zone LGR and Japanese Generation Panel (JGP)

60th ICANN Readout Session

JPNIC

May 13Update of ccNSO at ICANN70

60th ICANN Readout Session

JPNIC

May 26

Regulatory Demands to TLD Registries in JapanICANN ccTLD news #1

ICANN

Jun. 2Meetings with registrars

CENTR 2021 Members' Days

CENTR

Hosted by

DNS Summer Day 2021

DNSOPS.JPDNS Summer Day 2021

DNSOPS.JP

APAC SpaceInterop Tokyo Steering
Committee
Interop Tokyo Steering
Committee
Interop Tokyo Steering
Committee
Interop Tokyo Steering
Committee
Interop Tokyo Steering
Committee

DNS-OARC

Jun. 25

Technical Information Provided by JPRS
(July 2020 – June 2021)
Key Points for Migration from BIND 9.11 to 9.16
(for Authoritative DNS Servers)

Jun. 25

Evaluation of anti-DDoS features in full-service resolvers

DNS Summer Day 2021

DNSOPS.JP

Jun. 26

draft-ietf-dnsop-avoid-fragmentation-05

IETF 111 dnsop WG

IETF

Aug. 5

Japanese Root Zone LGR

61st ICANN Readout Session

JPNIC

Aug. 5

Update of ccNSO at ICANN71

61st ICANN Readout Session

JPNIC

Sep. 15

draft-ietf-dnsop-avoid-fragmentation-05

IETF dnsop WG interim meeting IETF
(interim-2021-dnsop-01)

Oct. 14

Japanese Script Root Zone Label Generation Rules(Latin Script RZ-LGR)

ICANN72

ICANN

Oct. 19

Tour de table

35th CENTR Marketing
Workshop

CENTR

Jun. 25

34

At

Registry Report 2021

Date

Title

At

Hosted by

Nov. 18

SEO strategies in Japan

APAC DNS Forum 2022

MYNIC/ICANN

Nov. 19

Let's Think about the "DNS of Tomorrow": Lunch with DNSInternet Week 2021
Lunch Time Webinar

JPNIC

Nov. 19

Update on DNS Server Software (for Authoritative DNS
Servers)

Internet Week 2021 DNS DAY

JPNICInternet Week 2021 DNS DAY

JPNICNov. 19

Standardization Related to DNS and Domain Name in
IETF (Continued): Evolution of DNS Protocol in 2021
Domain Name, Certificate and TLS: from the Standpointof a Private Person Operating a Mail ServerInternet Week 2021 DNS DAY

JPNICNov. 19

DNS Update: Domain Name Overview

Internet Week 2021 DNS DAY

JPNICNov. 19

JP DNS Update

Internet Week 2021 DNS DAY

JPNICNov. 23RSSAC in ICANN72

APAC Space

APAC Space

Dec. 14

Update of the Discussion on the DNS Root Server System

62nd ICANN Readout Session

JPNIC

Dec. 14

Update of ccNSO at ICANN72

62nd ICANN Readout Session

JPNIC

Nov. 19

Registry Report 2021

35

03

Reference

03・4 Press Releases
Date

Title

Feb. 26

JPRS Launched its 20th Anniversary Website “HISTORY OF 20 YEARS”

Mar. 9JPRS Supports “23rd Japan Junior/Senior High School Web Contest” to Provide Experienceof Using JP Domain Names (in Japanese)

Mar. 29

JPRS Publishes “JP Domain Name Registry Report 2020” (in Japanese)

May 17JPRS Distributes Free Graphic Comic-style Booklet on Domain Names and DNS That Underpin
the Internet to Educational Institutions across Japan (in Japanese)J u l . 14

JPRS, HOTnet and QTnet Commenced Operation of Local Nodes for JP DNS Servers (in Japanese)

Nov. 15JPRS Starts Distributing Free Poster That Helps Students Have Fun Learning Internet ccTLDs
to Educational Institutions across Japan (in Japanese)*Please refer to Press Release (https://jprs.co.jp/en/press/) for the latest releases in English.

36

Registry Report 2021

03・5

Provision of Technical Information
Related to DNSAs the company supporting the basis of the Internet society through DNS and striving to ensure stable operation of theInternet, JPRS publishes technical information related to DNS such as warnings on the detection of DNS software
vulnerabilities and other relevant alerts.
*Original materials are written in Japanese.

Date

Title

Jan. 15

Vulnerability Information on Windows DNS Posted (CVE-2021-1637)

Jan. 25

Vulnerability Information on "DNSpooq" in dnsmasq Posted: Appropriate Responses Including
Version Upgrade and Firmware Update Strongly Recommended

Feb. 12

Vulnerability Information on Windows DNS Posted (CVE-2021-24078)

Feb. 18(Urgent) Vulnerability of BIND 9.x (DNS Service Outage and Remote Code Execution) (CVE-2020-8625)

Mar. 12

Vulnerability Information on Windows DNS Server Posted (CVE-2021-26877, CVE-2021-26893,
CVE-2021-26894, CVE-2021-26895, CVE-2021-26896, CVE-2021-26897, CVE-2021-27063)

Apr. 16

Vulnerability Information on Windows DNS Posted (CVE-2021-28323, CVE-2021-28328)

Apr. 30(Urgent) Vulnerability of BIND 9.x (DNS Service Outage and Remote Code Execution) (CVE-2021-25216)

Apr. 30(Urgent) Vulnerability of BIND 9.x (DNS Service Outage) (CVE-2021-25215)

Apr. 30

Vulnerability of BIND 9.x (DNS Service Outage) (CVE-2021-25214)

May 10Vulnerability Information on Knot Resolver Posted

J u l . 16

Vulnerability Information on Windows DNS Posted (13 CVE Records Including CVE-2021-33745)

J u l . 29

Vulnerability Information on PowerDNS Authoritative Server Posted (CVE-2021-36754)

Aug. 19(Urgent) Vulnerability of BIND 9.16.19 (DNS Service Outage) (CVE-2021-25218)

Sep. 17

Vulnerability Information on Windows DNS Posted (CVE-2021-36968)

Oct. 15

Vulnerability Information on Windows DNS Server Posted (CVE-2021-40469)

Oct. 28

Vulnerability of BIND 9.x (Degraded Performance) (CVE-2021-25219)*For the latest information, please refer to the “Technical Information Related to DNS” (https://jprs.jp/tech/) (in Japanese).

Registry Report 2021

37

About JPRSJPRS provides domain name services such as domain name management, administration anddistribution, and also performs domain name system (DNS) operations. In addition, JPRS is
engaged in research and development of various Internet technologies.

Domain Name Management and Administration
PRS manages and administers domain names. In particular, JPRS plays an important role as the registry of JP Domain
Name, or domain names of Japan. You may have seen addresses for websites and emails such as “https://○○○.jp”
and “△△△@○○○.jp.” JPRS manages and administers a part of these addresses, namely, strings in the form of“○○○.jp.” Domain names are the key to accessing the Internet. JPRS is constantly improving its services so that JP
domain names will continue to assist the activities of all kinds of Internet users, including companies, organizations, andindividuals.

DNS Operation
DNS (domain name system) is a system for identifying computers connected to the Internet using domain names, so it issometimes referred to as the “phone book for the Internet.” If DNS were to fail, people would not be able to accesswebsites or exchange emails using domain names. To prevent such a catastrophe, JPRS has established a 24/7 system
to ensure stable operation of the “JP DNS” for managing JP domain names.

R&D of Internet Technologies and International Activities to Support the Internet
JPRS takes an active part in the research and development of advanced technologies to promptly respond to changes in
the Internet environment and social needs. Specifically, JPRS engages in internationalization of the identifiers used inprotocols, devises methods for resolving issues concerning DNS operations and submits proposals to standardize
registry technologies. JPRS actively publishes the results of these activities and shares information at IETF and othermeetings to contribute to the network society.

38

Registry Report 2021

Published: 24 June 2022
Note: This English translation is provided for informational purposes only. For
accuracy, please refer to the Japanese version. Copyright © 2022 Japan Registry
Services Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. JPRS, Japan Registry Services and othertrademarks, service marks and designs are registered or unregistered trademarks ofJapan Registry Services Co., Ltd. in Japan and other countries. All other trademarks
not owned by Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd. that appear in this report are theproperty of their respective owners.

Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd.
https://jprs.co.jp/en/