Women in Mining Interview
MMTA Warehousing Update

The magazine of the Minor Metals Trade Association

April 2013www.mmta.co.uk

MMTA WAREHOUSE UPDATEINSIDE THIS ISSUEMMTA Warehouse Update ... 2
Letter from North America .. 3
Diary Dates ................................ 3
How 11 Zambian Children
Politely Changed the World .. 4
New MMTA Member .............. 5
Women in Mining Interview .. 6
MMTA 40th Birthday ............... 9
Undergraduate Awards ........... 10
MMTA Internship...................... 10
A Day in the Life ....................... 11
Ruthenium................................... 12
Arbitration Rules ...................... 13
Trade Credit Insurance........... 14
Letter from Brussels ................ 15
Member Benefits ....................... 16

MMTA’S 2013
INTERNATIONALMINOR METALSCONFERENCE

Mandarin Oriental
Hotel,
Washington DC
April 24th—26th2013

2

Under the MMTA Rules a Warehouse cannot
be an MMTA Member unless it is an MMTA
Approved Warehouse. The MMTA Warehouse Rules require that: "The company
shall be neutral, not owned or associatedwith any trading company".

report.

The evidence supplied by Steinweg is consistent with the accounting disclosures detailed in the BDO Audit & Assurance BV

Roy Walton, MMTA Chairman

The evidence supplied by Steinweg concerning Raffemet was discussed in detail at a
meeting of the MMTA Directors on 12 March2013 and the Directors were unanimously
satisfied that the activity in question is that
The Directors of the MMTA do not determine of a service provider and not a trading company within the meaning of MMTA Warethe MMTA's rules, the MMTA Membershipestablishes the rules on a majority basis. If a house Rules and that Steinweg were notsignificant number of Members were to peti- therefore in breach of the Rules.
tion the MMTA Directors with concerns
The MMTA Directors did point out to Steinabout any particular MMTA Rule then the
weg that the Raffemet website, which is apDirectors have a duty to consider the Rule inparently a translation from Chinese to Engquestion and put this to the Membership.
lish, contained unclear information and Raffemet has rectified this.
This issue was last considered by the Membership in October 2011. At that time a vote
2/ Receipt of letters of intent and applicawas conducted amongst the MMTA Members
tions for MMTA Membership from warethat use warehouses and 97% of respondents
houses NEMS, CWT Commodities and Pacovoted in favour of maintaining the MMTA
rini Metals.
Warehouse Rule that requires an MMTA Approved Warehouse to be independent andLetters of intent seeking membership werenot "associated with a trading company". In received from these 3 entities in March
the debate that preceded this vote it was
2013. The Directors of the MMTA are demade clear that "Chinese walls", audited or
lighted that Membership of the MMTA andotherwise, were not accepted by the MMTA
an MMTA Warehouse Approval is so desiraMembership as a means of dealing with trad- ble, and would encourage warehouses thating companies owning or being associatedcomply with the MMTA Warehouse Rules towith a warehouse.
make applications for Membership andWarehouse Approval.
There has been no change to the MMTA
Warehouse Rules or their application since
Pacorini Metals ceased to be a Member of thethey were last considered by the Members in MMTA and MMTA Approved Warehouse, as
October 2011.
did CWT Commodities following the Membership vote in October 2011, as they were in
MMTA Members will have read in the press
breach of the MMTA Warehouse Rules inabout two separate warehouse issues that thethat they had each become members of a
Directors of the MMTA have been dealing
group containing a trading company.
with recently as follows:
Pacorini Metals is in a group with Glencore,
1/ Allegation that C Steinweg-Handelsveem
CWT Commodities is in a group with Marc
BV ("Steinweg") is in breach of the MMTARich Investments and NEMs is in a group
Warehouse Rules in that it is a member of awith Trafigura.
group that includes a trading company.
For the recent NEMS, CWT Commodities
The party making the allegation provided aand Pacorini Metals applications, the Warereport prepared on their instructions by BDO
house Approval procedures required under
Audit & Assurance BV detailing certain acthe MMTA Warehouse Rules have not yet
counting disclosures of the Steinweg groupbeen completed by the applicants and thereholding company and the company on which
fore, at the time of writing, it has not been
the allegation centres, Raffemet Pte Ltd
possible for the Warehouse Sub-Committee("Raffemet"), which allegedly demonstrate
and the Directors of the MMTA to make any
that Raffemet is a "trading company".
decisions on these applications.
The Directors of the MMTA made a detailed
If and when completed applications are reenquiry into the activities of Raffemet and inceived, they will be duly considered in the
doing so received the full cooperation ofusual way in accordance with the Rules.
Steinweg on the understanding that theirdisclosures included commercially sensitive The Directors will endeavour to keep theinformation which is confidential and must
Membership informed of any developments
remain confidential to the MMTA Directors. connected with this important issue.

LETTER FROM NORTH AMERICA
Dear Members
From fierce snow on Friday, through a quite glorious weekend, to a temperature now
nearing 50°F, once again New York doesn’t seem to know what it is doing at the moment: hanging on to winter or creeping into spring. Oh well, I suppose we’ve got tolive it by the day and just see what happens.
However, one person who seems to want to force the pace a little, especially on the
trade front, is President Obama. Since I last wrote, not only have we had his inauguration on January 21, but also, a little over three weeks later, on February 12, his“State of the Union Address”. For those in the UK, this is probably as close as we get,here in the US, to an equivalent of the annual “Queen’s Speech”, which, as I am sure
you know, contains the government’s legislative program for the year ahead.
In this year’s address, the president informed us all that he was: “…announcing that
we will launch talks on a comprehensive Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership with the European Union – because trade that is free and fair across the
Atlantic supports millions of good-paying American jobs.” So, following his announcement, and wondering to myself what ramifications, if any, such a“partnership” might have for fellow MMTA members, I spoke to some of them bothhere and in the UK. Here are a few of our thoughts - both general and specific.
This is probably not a partnership that is going to be established with any speed.
Not least, because the US and the EU are two very different animals, both legislatively and culturally. And, if nothing else, their progenitors could not have been
more different! But, there again, the lure to both sides of an anticipated growth intrade between them of US$120 billion within five years (according to the US Chamber of Commerce), and the addition of around US$180 billion to EU-US gross domestic product, could, possibly, overcome many differences.
Specifically on the minor metals front, some of the most likely ramifications would,of course, involve existing tariffs for various minor metals. (I always think there is asomewhat cruel irony in the US International Trade Commission listing them in its“Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States” – the italics are mine!) Further“harmonization” or, indeed, the disappearance, of a bewildering plethora of tariffs
may be no bad thing if it helps promote transparency in pricing, even though it may
shut the door on certain trading opportunities. By way of illustration, one may, perhaps, venture to ask why, currently, there should be just a single tariff rate of 2%(8112.92.70) on vanadium (unwrought and powders), and yet, from what I can see,no fewer than seven different tariff rates for moly, including moly waste and scrap(8102.97.00) which is, actually, free.
And REACH? Probably unlikely to extend itself eponymously, should any deal eventually be struck. If nothing else, EU negotiators could find considerable difficulties
persuading their US counterparts of the validity of its aim “to enhance innovationand competitiveness of the EU chemicals industry”. Or, indeed, of any of the supposed “benefits of the REACH system [that] will come gradually, as more and more
substances are phased into REACH”.
Finally, and on a very different issue, my friends at Brown Brothers Harriman, a fellow MMTA member here in New York, suggested that such a partnership could haveits advantages, particularly for asset-based lenders, if, for example, as a result, theUCC (Uniform Commercial Code) became even more influential ex the USA. Any
resulting standardization in how, say, collateral is perfected or security interests aretaken could only be a good thing. At present, in some European countries, it is noteven possible to take a floating lien.

DIARY DATESInformal Dinner,
London, UK,
15 May

Fundamentals ofMetallurgy Course,
London, UK,
16 May

Informal Drinks,
NY, USA, 26 JuneIntroduction to
Metallurgy Course,
New York, USA,
27 June

MMTA’s 40th
Anniversary
Dinner,Intercontinental
Hotel, London,
UK, 8 October

Site Visit—
Campine NV,
Beerse, Belgium,
2 September

New York Dinner,
Waterclub, New
York, USA,
12 DecemberChristmas Lunch,Anyway, fellow members, just a few light thoughts there.

Pewterers’ Hall,With best wishes, as always, from New York, to MMTA members everywhere.

London, UK,

Tom Butcher, March 11th 2013 Hard Assets Investor

18th December© 2013 Tom Butcher

3

SPONSORSHIPOPPORTUNITIES FOR
2013

Sponsoring an MMTA event
is not just about one evening.
MMTA communications andmarketing reach the inboxes ofdecision-makers and key
influencers within the MMTA
membership and outside it for
the entire duration of themarketing of an event, as well as
in post-event reviews.
Our new website also offers great
opportunities for sponsors.
Take advantage of the MMTA’s
contacts and distribution
channels by using us to help
target your marketing activity
within the minor metals sector.

HOW ELEVEN ZAMBIAN CHILDREN POLITELYCHANGED THE WORLD
Their names were - Tumpoka, Nchumunya, Rabecca, Gift, Enock, Benson,
Sean, Margaret, Brenda, Godfrey andAmos. Eleven children of Mine Basic
School in Mufulira between the agesof 13 yrs and 15 yrs, whose teacher,
Godfridah Mwimbe (58 yrs), hadsigned them up for the British Council’s Climate Change Initiative. Little
did they know that The British Council in Lusaka had no more than£3000 to spend from their SubSaharan African fund for this initiative across the whole of Zambia.
After making contact, Godfridah put“Everywhere are to be seen examples of initiatives
with maximum impact in the community”
forward the case that her groupwould be studying ‘pollution from themines’. Her group was duly accredited and Brenda (13 yrs old at the time)
won a pan-Zambian competition to
be made one of twelve ‘Climate
Change Ambassadors’.

MMTA sponsorship also offers
the opportunity to work with atrusted partner over an extended
period of time, maximising
return on your financial
investment.
This year, our flagship 40th
Anniversary Dinner, will takeplace at the InterContinental
Hotel, Park Lane on 8th October.
We also have an exciting newvenue—the Waterclub—for our
New York Dinner on 12th
December, and we will be
returning to Pewterers’ Hall on
18th December for the Xmas
Lunch.
Details of specific sponsorshippackages are available on request
by contacting
maria@mmta.co.uk

4

Komo (62 yrs old at the time) who
had worked for 26 years under ZCCM
as ‘charge bin operator’ loading
charges of 1000 mt copper concentrates to the now closed electric furnaces, but who lived in the poorest
part of Kankoyo in the path of thesulphur emissions. He had TB andwas living on 24000 Kwacha a month(about $4.50). His house had no running water or electricity, so the children saved the refreshment moneythat came with the British Council
grant to buy him two new corrugatediron roof-sheets (to replace the sulphur-corroded ones) and also bought

British Council Calendar about the Climate
Group showing Brenda from Mine Base as a
Climate Change Ambassador

The children then went into theircommunity to collect data. They interviewed the Town Clerk to ask questions about why the land to the Westof the smelter was so bleached. They
went to the hospitals to ask why medical waste was dumped on open
ground with ordinary refuse. They
tried to grow bananas, groundnuts,
guava, avocado and oranges in theirschool yard to understand the effectof the polluted ground on plants.
They identified a mine worker, Alickhim a small solar panel for light atnight.
Their work was largely unknown tome when I visited the school in 2010,
but I had experienced the impact of asulphur cloud just a few moments
before my arrival. I was in a taxi with
two other English people, one ofwhom was the former Head Teacherof Bruton Primary School in Somerset, twinned with Mine Basic. All of
us in the car gagged as the sulphur hit
the back of our throats and for a few
irrational moments believed we werebeing strangled. Entering their dimlylit classroom I met all the children
and, as a metal person, I promisedthat if they each wrote a letter to themine owner (whose name I wrote on
the blackboard) I would deliver them.

Two children standing in front of classrooms at
Mine Primary School (formerly Mine Basic).

HOW ELEVEN ZAMBIAN CHILDREN POLITELYCHANGED THE WORLD—CONT’D...
That was early 2010, and on May 3rd I
sent a letter – with their accompanying
beautifully handwritten letters, to theowners. Theirs was a simple message:
just to describe what it was like to live
day-to-day with sulphur. It was a message that was not being heard locallybecause those in the community wereambivalent about the smelter – on the
one hand they knew their health sufOpen area at Mine Primary where Mopani is due tostart building a new school hall.
fered, but on the other hand the mineand smelter gave work which supported,in one way or another, the 300,000 or be seen everywhere; roads have beenrenewed and new ones built; new schoolso people who live in Mufulira and its
rooms at one of the poorest schools
environs.
have been finished since my visit last
I do not want to reiterate what has alyear, when I witnessed the headmasterready been well told, and which most ofof Muleya Winter Basic handing over
you reading this story already know.
the Parent Teachers Association’s (PTA)
Those letters, with evidence of stackcosted plan. In a few weeks from now, I
emissions from AH Knight (Zambia)
understand that at Mine Basic itself
Ltd, proved the case. What has been(now called Mine Primary), work will
unexpected, and which deserves to be
start on a new school hall. Apart fromtrumpeted loudly, is the response.
all this, I also know how much effect the
On January 10th 2012 I attended a meet- spraying of houses to prevent malaria,
ing at Glencore’s offices in Zug where I as well as funding for anti-retroviral
was advised of Glencore’s commitment drugs, is helping to lower mortality
to remove all sulphur emissions at Mo- rates.
pani by the end of 2013.
But most important of all, is the itemthat will bring relief to the greatest
number in their day-to-day lives – I
was able to witness, courtesy of Mr Emmanuel Mutati (Chairman of Mopani), the massive engineering projectthat will for the first time in 80 years
capture all sulphur emissions from copper production and allow people tobreathe fresh air.
The investment, Glencore tells me, was$145 mln. Whatever the figure, it is a
substantial investment by any standards
Visiting Mufulira this month I can only
and, looked at in one other important
report an entire transformation in relaway, nor is it a bad return on the British
tions between Glencore-owned Mopani
Council investment of £3000 or the poand the town. Everywhere are to be seen
lite letters of the Zambian children.
examples of initiatives with maximum
impact in the community. Since last
It is something to truly celebrate acrossyear alone a Cervical Smear Clinic has
our industry as proof that production of
opened at the mine-owned Malcolm
metals and good corporate practice can
Watson Hospital; a school is being built go hand in hand. It is proof too that we
within the Mopani site to house andwho work in this industry can be a powtrain over 300 students in engineering
erful and independent conduit forskills, either for use at Mopani or across change and good practice.
the region; brand new clinics within the
Anthony Lipmann, Lipmann Walton &poorest areas of the community are to
Co. Photos Kathryn Wheeler
A brighter, cleaner future for school children at
Mine Primary School.

NEW MMTA
MEMBER

The MMTA would like towelcome its newest
member.

KGHM Polska
Miedz SA
http://www.kghm.pl

KGHM SA is a company
with over 50 years'
experience in the mining
and processing of copperore.
The company was
founded in 1961 with themission of developing thesingle largest ore depositin Europe, located in
Lower Silesia anddiscovered four years
earlier (in 1957).
KGHM, by exploring andprocessing copper ore, is
one of the world leadersin the production ofelectrolytic copper andsilver.

5

INTERVIEW WITH AMANDA VAN DYKE,
CHAIR OF WOMEN IN MINING
Emma Newman, MMTA Assistant General Manager, attended
a recent Women in Mining(WIM) seminar, and felt that
MMTA members would be interested in learning more about
what WIM is involved in, as well
as how MMTA and WIM members’ interests may overlap. To
this end, she spoke to Amanda
van Dyke, Chair of Women In
Mining (UK).
April 21, 2013
Metal Events Ltd has today
won the Queen’s Award forEnterprise for Outstanding
Achievement in International
Trade 2013; one of the highest accolades awarded forbusiness success in the UK.
The London-based company,
which develops and runs mining
and metals events and conferences worldwide and is owned
and managed by the original
founders – Jill Fitzgibbon and Rachel Carnac, was awarded theaccolade today (on the Queen’s
birthday) for its outstandingachievement in international
trade. Overseas sales increased by
100% between the financial years
ended December 2009 and December 2011.
“Rachel and I are extremely
proud to have received this prestigious award which recognises
our hard work in starting thebusiness and growing it over the
past decade,” said Jill Fitzgibbon,
joint managing director. “We arelucky to have worked with somefantastic suppliers and partners
over the years, and would like tothank them for their support.”
For more information, click here.

Share your good news with
the MMTA: contact:maria@mmta.co.uk

6“Women in Mining (UK) is a professional organization, whose members are madeup largely of women in the UK who work in a professional capacity in the mining
industry. While we have a number of geologists and mining engineers, we also
have lawyers, accountants, marketing and finance professionals specialized in themining industry, among others. Given London’s status as a centre of mining finance we actually have a large membership base of over 1000 women. Our aim is“I love the mining industry, it is an international, truly
global, fundamentals business that is exciting andimportant, supplying the raw materials the world needs”
to promote and progress the careers of women within the mining industry. We do
this in a number of ways, we hold seminars to broaden and update our members
in a number of areas in the mining industry, we contribute to the debate on women on boards in the UK via the publication of a research reports on the status of
women in the global mining industry, we have networking events to provide aplatform and place for women to get together, we support scholarships and an education committee that encourages and helps young women get involved in themining industry, and last but not least, we have a website and a newsletter thatserves as an information portal to keep women involved with the mining industry”. As for how MMTA and WIM (UK) members’ interests may overlap, Amanda
thinks that “interest in metals, markets, and mining is of paramount interest toboth sets of members; therefore there is natural affinity between both organisations”.
I am interested to learn what route Amanda’s career path has taken, and how she
became involved in WIM. Amanda responds that she “was a professional gemmologist for a number of years and worked in diamond trading, before going back toschool to get an MBA and a Masters in International Economics. Following that, I
started working for an investment bank and seemed naturally drawn towards themining sector, in which I very quickly specialized. When I moved to London I actually joined WIM (UK) as a means of meeting other people in the industry. From
there on in it seemed to have a life of its own”.
When we talk of mining, we talk of an industry which consumes a multitude ofskills apart from the miners themselves - geologists, engineers, chemists, researchers, accountants, traders, managers etc. It is interesting to consider how a young
woman can find out that this is an industry in which she could make her career
path.
Amanda is very clear on this point: “If you are young female geologist, engineer,
chemist, researcher, accountant, trader, manager, then mining IS a sector where
you can make a career path, if you so choose. I am biased, I love the mining industry, it is an international, truly global, fundamentals business that is exciting andimportant, supplying the raw materials the world needs, and supporting global, asINTERVIEW WITH AMANDA VAN DYKE, CHAIR
OF WOMEN IN MINING, CONT’D...
well a local development. I know there is a place for women within it, I work withover a thousand of them!
I will admit there seem to be fewer women in mining than in most other industries, but that doesn’t mean women aren’t welcome, it just means that there isroom for more of them. The reason that WIM (UK) exists is to encourage bothindustry and women to explore the option to a greater extent than it does at present, because we believe both the industry and women have a lot to offer eachother”.
I am interested in learning more about Amanda’s thoughts on whether there areissues that women can address in the mining and metals industry that the otherhalf of the species are failing to do. She replies that “women have been known to
do a few things differently than men”, and although stressing that these are generalizations which may not hold true on an individual basis, she makes reference
to academic circles that study these types of phenomena where “it is generally
accepted that certain differences between men women lead to different results inbusinesses. To name a few:
-better Emotional intelligence: which means they manage teams better, are betterat motivating teams-better Stakeholder management skills: so they can balance stakeholder needs
better-different risk awareness: women on a general basis assess risk differently thanmen and consider the longer term and wider ranging ramifications of any givenrisk at any given time.
These are just a few of the differences that can contribute to mining companies.
But on a general level, all of the research and experience suggest that diverse
teams: male, female, black, white, western, eastern, lead to better results and better managed companies, as well as better board oversight. The key is to make sure
you have good men AND women in your business, that is the best way the mining
and metals industry can address the issues”.
Sadly, mining is an industry which members of the public often only hear about
in a negative context e.g. pollution, suffering of local communities, the power ofmining companies, which often appear arrogant and who often wield more power
than the sovereign nations in which they operate. I wonder whether this is a fair

“The key is to make sure you have good men AND women inyour business, that is the best way the mining and metals
industry can address the issues”.
picture and whether mining can ever be an equitable venture between the miner
and the mined.
Amanda categorically replies “Of course it can!” She goes on to add that “there isan expression “if it bleeds it leads”, and unfortunately when it comes to mining
and the press that is very true. You don’t see all the responsible miners, the communities that have been re-built and developed in both the developed and lessdeveloped world by mining. Mining is a primary industry, they say for every job
on a mine, between 7-10 others are created outside the mine. Modern environmental impact assessments require all mines globally to assess and mitigate theenvironmental and social impact a mine has, and largely they do”. Amanda qualifies this by saying “that doesn’t mean they aren’t creating big and often ugly
holes in the ground, but on the other hand these holes are generally filled andreturned to some sustainable state at the end of the mine life, and most mining
acts globally require that be planned for in advance, and often also paid for inadvance”.

CHANGES TO REACH
FEES ANNOUNCED BY
ECHA
The fees payable to ECHA
under REACH have beenrevised. Essentially, there
will be further reductionsfor SMEs and increases
for large (nonSME) companies.
This was discussed at a
recent European meetingand the decision to decrease fees for SMEs is in
response to the findings in
the REACH review. It isestimated that the newfees will come into effectfrom the end of March.
SMEs should consider ifthey wish to delay theirsubmissions and register
after the new fees comeinto effect to benefit fromthe reductions.
Larger companies should
consider if they wish tobring forward their submissions that would be
due this year and register
now before
the increased fees comeinto effect.
This issue was raised by
MMTA member, Tony
Bayley of ABSCO in a pervious edition of the
Crucible.
For more information,
click here:
To read Tony Bayley’s
article, click here:

7

MMTA’S
INTERNATIONALMINOR METALSCONFERENCE

INTERVIEW CONT’D FROM PAGE 6 & 7
I am keen to learn how Cynthia Carroll, outgoing Chief Executive of Anglo Americanand one of the most prominent female leaders of a London Stock Exchange listedcompany, as well as one of the most prominent women in the metals industry, will
be remembered and rated in history. She was allegedly responsible for changing theculture of Anglo, but during her time the company lost shareholder value. She wasalso a great supporter of Women in Mining and spoke at WIM events.
Amanda reflects that “she will be remembered as the first, and during her tenure, theonly female CEO of a major global diversified miner; she was a trailblazer for womenin our industry, for that I believe she will always be respected. She did a number ofamazing things for Anglo: she took a very old, traditional business that was working
in a very difficult part of the world and brought it up to modern international standards internally and externally. I think at least at Anglo they will always respect what
she did for Anglo as a company. On the other hand, in terms of the loss of shareholder value, I think she will be lumped in with all of the other major diversified miners
who followed a policy of expensive M&A that led to large capital expenditure blowouts, and huge write-offs. Her actions in this regard were part of the prevailing trend
in the mining industry, a trend shareholders were very unhappy with and that has
led to all of the CEO’s in that group being replaced. I don’t think it had anything to
do with her being a woman, rather more to do with a change in the prevailing trend
in how mining companies should be managed”.
Amanda also believes that Cynthia Carroll’s role will have done good for the cause of
aspiring women in mining and industry generally: “she was a big symbol for men
and women, of what women in our industry are capable of”.
Moving on to the subject of the EITI (Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative) www.eiti.org , I am interested to learn whether Amanda sees their initiatives as
positive or merely a nuisance, and she responds that she views this as a positive.
“More bureaucracy always has to be weighed as a cost/time vs benefit analysis, but
in this respect I do personally believe that EITI is very important to our industry.”
Another aspect of the mining industry, and sadly not a positive one, is that mining is
one of the least safe businesses in the world. As late as 1910 The Hulton Colliery, in
Lancashire, England, claimed the lives of 344 miners. Such accidents are rare in theWestern world today, but deaths from mining in other parts of the world are stillhigh with many hundreds of deaths each year. I pose the question of whether Women in Mining has links with or reaches out to the families of miners in developing
countries to lend support or give some advocacy to improve conditions. However,Amanda stresses that “safety in mining is a industry issues, not really a women’s issue, and it is beyond the scope of our organization to be able to effectively help andadvocate with”. She notes, however, that WIM does “have a number of individual
members, who either personally or with their companies, work within mining safety”, and thinks that “if anything, what we do as a group is share information with ourmembership about the importance of safety, as well as global differences in mining
safety, in order to raise awareness”.
Finally, I ask Amanda what she thinks of the mining trade press, and whether The
Mining Journal or other publications give a fair picture of the industry.
Amanda responds: “I very much like the trade press, and subscribe to Mining Journal, as well as a number of other publications. Usually the trade press is very good. Ifanything, my issue is with the mainstream press, which proves regularly thatit really doesn’t understand, nor occasionally seem to want to understand the mining industry, and very often paints mining in a very unfair light. I wish the tradepress had better linkages with mainstream press so they could broaden their reachand bring fairer more balanced and educated critique to the industry and to the public as a whole”.

Emma Newman, Assistant General Manager, MMTA
8

THE
MMTA IS40 YEARSOLD THISSUMMER
Do you have an MMTA story to tell?
If so, we want to hear it.
Please send your contributions for the next edition of
the Crucible to maria@mmta.co.uk

MEMBER LETTERS

Interested in
Sailing?
Several MMTA members
have indicated an interest in
getting involved in the Little
Britain Challenge sailing
event between 12th and15th September 2013, in
Cowes, Isle of Wight, UK.
If you would be interested
in joining them, please email
maria@mmta.co.uk

As part of a process of enhancing and improving the valueof MMTA membership, we have devised a short survey.
Please help us to raise the value of your membership bycompleting the below short (2 minutes) survey.
http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/YDLVYKG
This space is for MMTA
members’ letters. If there
is a brief message you wish
to communicate to themembership, please let us
know.

9

NEW IN THE MEMBERS’AREA

ARMOURERS & BRASIERS/TIN PLATE WORKERSROLLS-ROYCE UNDERGRADUATE AWARDS
Rolls-Royce academic prizes are designed torecognise academic excellence in materials
science and metallurgy at undergraduatelevel. The awards are across a number ofuniversities with which Rolls-Royce alreadyconducts post-graduate and post-doctoral
research within a University Technology
Centre (UTC), including Oxford, Cambridge,
Imperial, Manchester, Birmingham andSwansea.

The MMTA website
members’ area Resource
Centre has recently been
updated with the following
documents:Surface Engineering forCorrosion Mitigation,
NAMTECAtradius Country
Report—Greece

Atradius Country
Report-UK

Atradius Market
Monitor—Automotive/
TransportAt the same time Rolls-Royce has enjoyed arelationship with Livery Companies, including the Armourers & Brasiers and the Tin
Plate Workers Alias Wire Workers. BothLivery companies sponsor our prizes for aerospace and nuclear material applications
respectively. They also sponsor student
placements in industry as well as supportinga range of activities promoting materials,
metallurgy and engineering science across schools and universities. By working
together as a group in this manner we are able to promote materials, metallurgy
and engineering across a far wider audience than we would otherwise.
Dr Justin Burrows PhD CEng FIMechE

Atradius Market
Monitor—Construction

Atradius Market Monitor—Steel, Metals &MiningAtradius—Trade
Successfully withIndonesia

You will find these andother articles and reports
by logging into themembers’ area Resource
Centre www.mmta.co.uk
If you need to be resent
your login details email
emma@mmta.co.uk
10

Project Manager - University ResearchRolls-Royce plc

MMTA EASTER INTERNSHIP
I have recently begun my internship in the London office of the Minor Metals
Trade Association (MMTA). I, together with another 12 students from Birmingham, Cambridge, Imperial, Manchester, Oxford and Swansea Universities, wasgiven the Rolls Royce - Armourers & Brasiers Award. Four students from Imperial and Manchester were given the Rolls Royce – Tin Plate Workers’ Award.
I was awarded as one of “the top two performing first year undergraduate students” in 2012 in the Department of Materials at Imperial College, London.
The ceremony took place in the Lord Hives Conference Room, G-Wing, RollsRoyce, Derby on February 7th 2013. We also heard a presentation about materials from Rolls-Royce. After the award ceremony, we visited their Learning andDevelopment Centre and had a look at the exhibitions within the Heritage Facility there.
I have spent a total of three weeks with the MMTA and during that time, as wellas learning about the Association, I have been writing a project on minor metals
in superalloys.
Tiesheng Wang, MMTA Intern Easter 2013

The MMTA would like to thank those member companies
who have kindly hosted Tiesheng during his time with us.
Tiesheng’s project will be available to view in the members’ area resource
centre shortly.

A DAY IN THE LIFE OF…….

DID YOU KNOW….

Gallium—a Bridge Connecting

The MMTA executive
team receives many
hundreds of calls andemails a year enquiring
about potential new
business contacts. We
refer enquirers to the
MMTA Members’
Directory, where they
can search by metal orcompany.

the Whole World
What is gallium?
With this question, more than ten
years ago, I joined Beijing Jiya Semiconductor Material Co., Ltd (Beijing
JiYa), and entered the world of theminor metal. Since then I have cometo understand it.
Gallium is a silver-white and easily
melting metal. In recent years, withthe rapid development of modern
science and technology, gallium isincreasingly widely used in the semi-conductor communication, semiconductor illumination (LED), solarcell, high-performance magnetic
materials, medical equipment andother emerging industries, thus
market demand for gallium isincreasing greatly.
Beijing Jiya is the first in the world
to apply hydrometallurgy to gallium
extraction in the process of aluminum oxide production. Extract gallium when producing aluminum oxide, then put the other raw materials
back into the aluminum oxide production line. After this, the qualityof the aluminum oxide is improved,
and at the same time emissions in
the process of aluminum oxide production decrease relatively. So we
say that is a kind of comprehensive
utilization of natural resources. In
recent years, this method has begun
to spread in China, so that the supply of gallium has increased significantly to meet the growing market
demand.
As the market continues to expand,every day at work I receive many
letters and phone calls from all over
the world inquiring about products
and prices. Afterwards we will makea lot of explanations to the clients.
Upon reaching agreement on all issues, a contract will be signed, thenwe will ship gallium to them in different places across the world accordingly.
As time passes, with the deepeningof mutual understanding and trust,

Gallium: the metal that melts in yourhands

we have become good friends
with our clients. Some of them
we have met, but for some others we have had no chance tomeet until now. However, thisdoes not have any adverse impact on our friendly ties andmutual trust. Now I’m repeating
the same work and making new
friends everyday. I'm glad I
have the luck to enter this small
metal business and be acquainted with so many people fromthe same field. Gallium is abridge for me connecting thewhole world.
Gallium is also the basic material of modern wireless communication. It is a large supply ofgallium and other associatedminor metals that enables people to efficiently use telecommunication tools like mobile
phones and makes communication with relatives and friends
thousands of miles away so fastand convenient.
Gallium, like many other minor
metals, is a bridge via whichpeople across the world cancommunicate with each other.
But we should remember thatgallium is a type of natural resource. We should value it, protect and make full use of it inorder to protect our common
planet. It is the responsibility ofeach of us.
Lin Yanqing,
Beijing Jiya Semiconductor

Is your member
listing up-to-date?
Please take a few minutes
to check your website
contact and other details
to ensure they are as you
would like to see them:
Are contacts current?
Do we have all the metals
listed that you are involvedin?

We are expanding ourdatabase to allow
visitors to the site tosearch by ferro-alloys
as well as pure metals.
Contact
emma@mmta.co.uk if you
would like to makechanges.

Material Co., Ltd

11

MMTA COURSESFUNDAMENTALS OFMETALLURGY COURSE

London, UK
16th May 2013

RUTHENIUM“…an increase of 40% in the temperature that the turbine blades can withstand translates into a 1% improvementin fuel efficiency for commercial passenger jets … [this] improvement allows airlines to cut their fuel expenditures by one million US dollars per
Source: www.webelements.com
plane annually. Improved fuel efficiency in commercial jets also contributes
to reduced carbon dioxide emissions,found in the circuit boards of somewhich is crucial in environmental
computers.
terms.”
Catalysts and Salt Water Chlorination
Dr Hiroshi Harada, Managing Director: NIMS’High Temperature Materials CenterWith spikes in both demand (in theelectronics sector) and price during
2006, and to a lesser degree in 2010/11,
average demand for ruthenium is circa 
27.6 mts/year.

About this Course:

Since its high point in 2006, ruthenium
prices have decreased tenfold, from$27,327 per kg to $2,572 per kg.
Current Applications:“An interesting and informative
course, delivered at an easypace”
Alstom Power Services“This was an excellent course
which some companies used inorder to send younger
members of staff for a wideningof their metals knowledge, whileothers used it to brush up, orbackfill, missing gaps. Creep,
toughness tests, impact tests,
ductile-brittle transition, fatigue,
grain orientation, phases, crystal
structures – much ground wascovered and this was...highly
worthwhile.”
Anthony Lipmann, Lipmann
Walton & Co

12Electronics

The largest catalytic use of ruthenium is for olefin metathesis, wherein variants of the Grubbs’ catalyst
are extensively used.
RuO-coated titanium is a‘dimensionally stable anode’ (DSA),
and is deployed for specific catalytic conditions, such as very high currents or UV-related concerns.
A RuO DSA is commonly used insalt water chlorination, a means of
producing clean water in swimming pools without the traditional
caustic effects of chlorination. Salt
water pools are steadily gaining
market share.

Ruthenium is widely used in Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR),
first innovated by IBM in 2001, which
has since spread to almost all hard disk
drives found in laptops and smart
What properties does ruthenium
phones.
contribute to alloys?


Platinum group metal use in PMR
technology is predicted to be stable
until late 2014/early 2015, when
Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording(HAMR) or Patterned Media technology may disrupt usage.

The typical ruthenium layer is only
3 atoms thick. As hard disks continue to shrink in size, so too does
the amount of ruthenium required
for each.

However, smart phone production
is increasing, and the current
worldwide total of 1 billion is predicted to have doubled within 3
years.

Ruthenium is also popularly used inthick film chip resistors which are

The addition of Ru allows the additionof a higher rhenium content, without
detriment to the alloy stability, thus
indirectly increasing creep resistance,
which provides more Gamma prime
phase. Without such Ru additions, we
see Tetragonally Close Packed phases(TCPs) forming at high Re contents,
which are detrimental. Tests show thatalloys containing ruthenium have improved creep properties, and therefore
lasted longer without deformation.
The balance of elements within ruthenium-bearing superalloys is constantly
being modified with respect to:StrengthHardnessOxidation resistanceRUTHENIUM CONT’D

MMTA COURSES

All of these are vital factors for the longevity of the turbine blade, and consequently the final cost analysis.
The Future:
Present production of ruthenium is designed to meet the current demand of
approximately 20-30 mts/year.
Supply to meet long-term demand fromaerospace can be planned, in order toavoid shortages.
Ruthenium is technically proven in Sin-

gle Crystal superalloys, but has not as
yet been commercialised, due to fears
over the long-term availability of ruthenium, as well as the current lack of availability of long-term fixed price contracts
for the metal.

INTRODUCTION TO
METALLURGYCOURSENew York, USA

Aerospace leaders are still investing incollaborative projects to create such alloys, which shows a continued desire to
improve jet engine efficiency.
Anthony Lipmann, Lipmann Walton & Co Ltd

27th June 2013

Kindly sponsored byBrown Brothers Harriman

UPDATES TO THE MMTA’S ARBITRATION RULES
As part of our ongoing review process, theMediation & Arbitration Committee has recently reviewed the MMTA’s Arbitration
Rules to address certain areas where thewording was less than clear.
At its most recent meeting on 12th March
2013, the Main Committee agreed a resolution to update the Arbitration Rules to: Clarify that parties are strongly advised,
but not obliged to, attempt to settle the dispute through a conciliation or mediation procedure offered by the MMTA;


Carry through changes that were approved in principle by the MMTA in 2007,
but had not been carried through into the existing rules. These changes havenow been carried through (Rule 2.1) so that it is clear that people with relevant
experience, who are not members of the MMTA, can be appointed to the panelof arbitrators;

Amend Rule 2.2 to reflect the above change, meaning that the Arbitration Committee be drawn from the MMTA membership rather than from the panel ofarbitrators, which may contain non-MMTA members;Permit fees and deposits to be set by the Arbitration Committee and not theMain Committee (Rule 3.1);



Rearrange the existing requirement that at least 1 arbitrator should be a member of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators, moving it from the preamble to
the Rules, where its status was unclear to paragraph 5.1;

Make explicit the power to charge an administration charge, which has always
happened in the past.

The Arbitration Committee was consulted on these changes prior to the Main Committee’s approval of the proposed changes.
Donald Lambert, Chair, Mediation & Arbitration Committee

Course Content
Structure of metals
and alloys

Testing

Metal and alloy
selection

Manufacturing routes



Getting the properties
right



Mechanical testingCase studies

Common engineering
gradesStandards



Quality assessment

To view the full, updated Arbitration Rules, please click here.
13

INFORMAL DINNER
15 MAYLONDON, UK

Join MMTA members for
an informal dinner on
the 15th May. The
dinner will take place astone’s throw from Bank
underground and DLR
station,at
Browns Restaurant,
Old Jewry Street.
Cost: £50 per person(plus VAT)
and will include a threecourse meal with wine
followed by coffee.
This dinner is open toboth attendees and nonattendees of the following day’s Fundamentals ofMetallurgy Course.

ATRADIUS AND THE ART OF TRADE CREDIT
INSURANCE
Insolvency - which covers your business in the event of a variety of scenarios, including client bankruptcy, appointment of administrator, suspensionof payment, agreement to compensaAt Atradius we are in a unique position. tion, execution of a judgement, CVAs,
We hold data on over 100 million busi- legal protection from creditors, Chapter
nesses around the globe, monitoring
11(USA) and Reglement Judiciaire
the risk of trading with them, day in(France)day out. This is further enhanced byProtracted default – when your due
our people, acting as business’s eyes
date of payment has not been met six
and ears on the ground, in 160 locamonths after the due datetions around the globe. For any business taking on new customers, entering And finally,
new markets or developing new prodPolitical risk - which will protect
uct lines access to this kind of inforyour business through government
mation can prove vital in this economic moratoria, discharge of debt transfer,climate. Why? Because it enables them war, contract frustration, public buyer
to take the risks they need in order todefault, export licence cancellation andexpand their businesses, but in a man- perhaps most importantly given ouraged, responsible way.
current climate, when a country can’t
So what does trade credit insurance
actually do and what makes it good forbusiness?

or won’t pay.

Researching and monitoring newdestinations or customers(“buyers”) on behalf of businesses
and keeping them informed of any
changes in risk, as they occur.



Paying out against a claim in theevent that the buyer is unable topay. This means we pay up to 90%of the monies owed (or 95% if thereason for non payment is a political cause of loss in the country of
the insured buyer).

Free debt collection, as an additional service included in our policies

ticularly during tough times. But credit
used unwisely can also be a time bomb.
Without effective risk management andknowledge, a business which is issuing
too much credit or, at the other end of
the scale, using more credit than it canafford, could easily find itself in a very
dangerous place. At Atradius we are
fortunate – we have an accurate pictureof the global trading climate at any moment. We pride ourselves on ourfriendly, professional service. If you
would like to find out how we help
businesses to trade, come and talk tous.

There are also further benefits. Firstly,
cost: trade credit insured businesses
Trade credit insurance was founded by are viewed more favourably by banks
various governments after World War 1 and other lenders as their payments are
secured, so although trade credit insurto stimulate economies, offering exance works out at about 25 pence forporters, in particular, a “safety net”
every £100 of trade credit, it may provewhen trading with new business partners where buyers sold goods and ser- to be an investment worth making.
vices under short term credit terms.
We know sales managers who maintain
Today, whether your business is dothat credit is their ultimate strategic
mestic or international, an Atradius
weapon – and used well, that is exactly
policy does roughly the same thing,as it should be. Credit keeps things
offering three main types of support:
moving and is enormously helpful, par-Sign up now.
Contact
emma@mmta.co.uk tobook your place, orbook and pay for yourtickets online atwww.mmta.co.uk/events.

We offer three main types of cover:

14

Mary Ravenscroft
Atradius Credit Insurance

LETTER FROM BRUSSELSDG ENTR is also currently reviewing the
EU list of Critical Materials before theend of 2013. As many members will beaware, the 2010 EC report on critical raw
materials (CRM) identified 14 CRM on
the basis of a methodology looking at
supply risk, economic importance andenvironmental country risk. Raw materials are designated as being “critical”
when the risks for supply shortage andtheir impact on the economy are higher,
compared to other raw materials. New
critical materials such as Re, Te, Hf, Sn
News at European level for rare metals is and Se will be assessed and the selectedparticularly rich this year, so this shortconsultants (Fraunhofer, Ruskins andreview will give an overview of key regu- Oakdene Hollins) will also review thelatory issues which are at the forefront of methodology used in 2010.
the activities of the Beryllium Science
BeST believes that early in the review
and Technology Association (BeST) andprocess, the EU must take into accountwhich will hopefully also be of interest to
the best available information on socioother MMTA members.
economic impact, and not focus solely on
On Health & Safety issues, the hot topics the hazard classification of substances,are substances of very high concern
which is used as a basis for potential(SVHCs) - the European Commission
bans. The threat of disruption to the sup(EC) has recently published its Roadmap ply of rare metals, including beryllium, tofor the identification of SVHCs (REACH the EU, and the global impact on trade iscandidate list). The first proposals froma real concern. If overly restrictive reguMember States have been received bylatory measures that do not embrace reECHA and the public consultation has
cent scientific data and proven industrial
been open since 4th March. CoRAP
safety practices were to be applied, the2013, the REACH Community Rolling
likely result would be a loss of value addAction Plan on Substance Evaluations,ed high-end technology jobs both now
has been updated with the substances to and in the future. There would also be a
be evaluated from 2013-2015 (the list
trickle-down effect, adversely impacting
includes aluminium sulphate, tin suleconomic growth overall with serious
phate, Ag, Be, Zn phosphate, Ga and As). consequences to the fragile economies of
RoHS, the Directive on Restriction of
a number of member states.
certain Hazardous Substances in electriCaroline Calvez,
cal and electronic equipment, is being
Beryllium Science and Technology
reviewed by the Austrian Environment
Association
Agency, which is currently consulting on
substances that may be added to Annex
II, which contains the list of restricted
substances, by July 2014.
From an industrial policy point of view,the EC Department for Enterprise andIndustry (DG ENTR) launched its European Innovation Partnership (EIP) on
Raw Materials, aimed at boosting innovation and increasing the availability of
Raw Materials for Europe, with the purpose of developing the EU’s high techindustry.

Would you like to write aletter from your region or
country, outlining social, economic or political issues ofinterest to the sector?

INFORMAL DRINKS
26 JUNENEW YORK, USA

26th June 2013 from
6pm
The Fitzpatrick Grand
Central
141 East 44th Street at
Lexington Avenue,
NY10017
If you are staying in New
York and wish to bookaccommodation at thehotel, please contact them
direct on:
Tel: +212 351 6800
Or Email:reservations@fitzpatrickhotels.com

This is an informal drinks
event; just take theopportunity to spend an
early summer evening
with fellow MMTA members and associates. Bar
snacks will be provided.
To register your interestin this event, please email
the executive team at:
executive@mmta.co.uk*this is a cash bar event
15

Community.

Keeping you connected—
 to the global minor metals community
 to who and what you need to know
 providing regular networking opportunities

Giving you peace of mind—
 MMTA approved warehouses
 trade regulations
 sampling standards
 mediation & arbitration service
 insurance task force

Promoting you— raise your company profile

The MMTA promotes essential
elements that add quality,
safety and enjoyment to ourlives.
The MMTA is the world's leading
minor metals industry organisation.

 advertise your services and products
 take advantage of sponsorship opportunities
 get involved and have a voice

Always here for you— the MMTA executive team responded to hundreds of queries on a wide range of metalsrelated issues in 2012

Saving you time and money— free wi-fi members’ meeting room and workspace in central London
 find what you want, when you want it—online resources and links on a wide range ofminor metals related subjects all in one place substantial discounts for MMTA members on all business, social and educational events,
including up to 40% discount on MMTA’s International Minor Metals Conference

Minor Metals Trade Association
326A City Road
Angel Gate (Unit 26)
LondonEC1V 2PT
Telephone: +44 (0)207 833 0237/+44 (0)207 713 7099
Fax: +44 (0)207 183 9933
Email: executive@mmta.co.uk