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WORLD CONFERENCE ON
FLOATING SOLUTIONS 2023
Date:

28th - 30th Aug.2023

Floating Solutions for
the Next SDGS

Venue: Nihon University Auditorium-1,
College of Science and Technology,

SOCIETY OF FLOATING SOLUTIONS, SINGAPORE
WORLD CONFERENCE ON FLOATING SOLUTIONS 2023 JAPANWelcome by Chairman of
WCFS 2023 Japan
Welcome by Chairman of Executive Committee
Welcome Message
I would like to extend a hearty welcome to this prestigious international conference
that will bring together researchers, architects, and designers in the field of floating
structures from around the world. This conference will provide a platform to promoteknowledge exchange, build meaningful connections, and work together to shape thefuture of global environmental solutions through floating structures. The diverse ideas,
innovative research, and insightful discussions will undoubtedly inspire and push us to
new frontiers. The conference theme, "Floating Solutions for Next SDG's," reflects thepressing issues and opportunities for change facing the world today. We also preparedvery attractive special exhibits and technical tours. I hope all the participants will enjoy
the conference.

Shigeru Tabeta, Dr. Eng.
Professor
The University of Tokyo

Welcome by Chairman of Organizing Committee
Welcome Message
I would like to thank all participants supporting this years WCFS 2023 JAPAN andwelcome everyone to the campus of Nihon University which is the venue for the
conference.
WCFS offers opportunities to meet many kinds of researchers in the ocean field.
In particular, it is unique that some architects and architectural engineers are
participating and proposing concepts using floating systems to be utilized in seas orwaterfront regions.
I look forward to discuss with you all more about new solution to address social issues
facing the current world altogether.

Tomoki Ikoma, Dr. Eng.
Professor
Nihon University

1

Opening Remarks

Soom Lim Heng
Founder President and Senior
Advisor to the Society of Floating
Solutions (Singapore)

Mr. Lim Soon Heng is the Founder President and Senior Advisor to the Society of Floating
Solutions (Singapore). He has extensive experience in the marine industry having spent muchof his professional career with Singapore’s largest rig building yard, Keppel Offshore andMarine.
In 2019, he organised the first World Conference on Floating Solutions (WCFS) in Singapore.
This inspired the convening of a second WCFS in Rotterdam in 2020. Due to the Covid
pandemic, the third WCFS was postponed. It is now to be held in August 2023 in Tokyo. The
fourth WCFS is scheduled for 2024 in Lyon. It is likely that the fifth will take place in Hong Kongin 2025. The momentum in the series of WCFS augurs well for the world threatened by climatechange.
He believes the technological progression of fossil extraction from land to sea offers ideas that
may be applied to develop safe and economic solutions for floating nuclear power plants.
Speech title: Floating Solutions, a Way Out of the Climate Conundrum

Introduction
World Conference on Floating Solutions (WCFS) aims at providing solutions to mitigate challenges
associated with climate change, population growth, renewable energy, food production, etc. byusing floating technologies.
The first conference was held in Singapore in 2019 by the “Society of Floating Solutions, Singapore(SFSS) “and the second one in Rotterdam in 2020. We are delighted to announce the third
conference, WCFS2023 Japan to be held in Tokyo under the theme of “Floating Solutions for the
Next SDGs” as described below.
We encourage you to join WCFS2023 Japan and exchange opinions together to make a step forward
to realize sustainable society in the light of Floating Solutions.

Background

Sam Tabuchi
Professor Emeritus,
Toyo University
Executive Board UNECE PPPWorking Party
Chair, Asia/Pacific Chapter of
WAPPP
Advisor, Asia PPP Institute
Advisor, Chodai Company

2

Prof. Sam Tabuchi leads the promotion of regional economic development through PPP and
People First PPP for SDGs around the world through the UN ECE PPP Working Party (served as
the Chair from 2018 - 2022), World Association of PPP (WAPPP) and Asia PPP Institute (serves
as a director 2011 - 2022).
He also serves as an advisor to one of the top tier engineering consulting firms in Japan, ChodaiCo., Ltd. and engaged in the use of PPP for local government management and various
overseas projects in Asia.
Tabuchi spent over 30 years in the US working for the Florida Dept. of Commerce, as special
assistant to the US Trade Representative and development of Transportation Related
Development project in Florida.US.
He completed his undergraduate degree in Rikkio University in Tokyo and obtained his postgraduate degree in Urban and Regional Planning at Florida State University.
Speech title: Floating Solutions as a new goal of the next SDGs of the United Nations

In recent years, the safety and security of people's lives around the world has been threatened byfrequent floods and rising sea levels attributable to climate change. The COP 26 has set a common
global goal of limiting the temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. It is anurgent task to cope with climate change as well as to utilize decarbonized and renewable energy.
The UN is promoting the SDGs which aim to achieve 17 Goals between 2015 and 2030. However,efforts to reach the Goals will not end in 2030, but will be an ongoing challenge for humanity
beyond 2030.
Here, we tentatively call the Goals to be achieved after the SDGs as “Next SDGs”.
WCFS2023 Japan aims to pioneer the SDGs and Next SDGs by making the most use of ocean andwater. Ocean and water have the potential to provide solutions to the disasters such as flooding andsea level rise due to climate change. In this context, WCFS2023 Japan will position ocean and water
as the urban infrastructure and will explore new technology and feasible solutions. In particular, it isnecessary to consider urban planning, marine architecture, port planning connecting land and sea,disaster prevention, renewable energy and food production on the sea and water. Further, it isindispensable that knowledge, experience, dream and strong desire to realize these challenges aresupported by a diversity of people.
3

Sponsors
DiamondGold

Bronze4Supporters
Architectural Institute of Japan
Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Osaka University
Engineering and Consulting Firms Association, Japan
FIDIC - International Federation of Consulting Engineers
Hiroshima Institute of Technology
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
Japanese Association for Coastal Zone Studies
Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association
The Japan Institute of Energy
The Japan Iron and Steel Federation
Japan Society of Civil Engineers
Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science
PPP Research Center at Toyo University
The Asia/Pacific chapter of World Association of Public-Private Partnership
The Executive Board of the UNECE Public-Private Partnership Working Party
The City Planning Institute of JapanThe Japan Civil Engineering Consultants Association
The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
The Oceanographic Society of JapanThe University of Tokyo Ocean AllianceTokyo Metropolitan government
Yokohama National University

5WCFS 2023 Japan Contributors
Conference Executive Committee
Name

Organizing Committee
Affiliation

Name

Affiliation

Tomoki Ikoma

Chair of Organizing Committee, WCFS2023 Japan
Professor, Nihon University

Chikako Fujiyama

Associate Professor, Yokohama National University

Daisuke Kitazawa

Professor, the University of Tokyo

Professor Emeritus, Toyo University
Chair of UNECE PPP Working Party in Geneva

Hideyuki Niizato

Technical Research Institute Hitachi Zosen

Jin Sasaki

Renewable Energy Engineer, Arup

Hidekatsu Kikuchi

Executive Manager, Business Strategy and Promotion Department,
Chodai Co., Ltd.

Kazuhiro Iijima

Professor, Osaka University

Motoko Imai

General Manager, New Business Innovation and Promotion Division,
Chodai Co., Ltd.

Kenichi Fujita

Associate Professor, Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science

Mitsuhiro Masuda

Associate Professor, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology

Toshio Nakajima

CEO, Waterfront Real Estate Co., Ltd.

Motohiko Murai

Professor, Yokohama National University,

Yoshihiko Yamashita

Senior Adviser, Waterfront Real Estate Co., Ltd.

Ryo Sugahara

Associate Professor, Nihon University

Shinichiro Hirabayashi

Associate Professor, the University of Tokyo

Takahide Terakuchi

Associate Professor, Nihon University

Takero Yoshida

Researcher, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology

Tomomi Kanemitsu

Institute of Technology Shimizu corporation

Yoshitsugu Kawakami

Professor, Hiroshima Institute of Technology

Yasuhiro Aida

Associate Professor, Nihon University

Yasunori Nihei

Associate Professor, Osaka Metropolitan University

Shigeru Tabeta

Chair of Conference Executive Committee, WCFS2023 Japan
Professor, the University of Tokyo

Tomoki Ikoma

Vice chair of Conference Executive Committee, WCFS2023 Japan
Chair of Organizing Committee, WCFS2023 Japan
Professor, Nihon University

Sam Tabuchi

Yuki Yamashita(Secretariat) Chief of Water City, Energy and Environment section, Chodai Co., Ltd.
Ikuo Yoshida(Secretariat)

Manager, Ocean Programs, Emerging Frontier Division,
Shimizu Corporation

Donghee Ko(Secretariat)

Manager, Ocean Programs, Emerging Frontiers Division,
Shimizu Corporation

Advisory CommitteeName

6

Affiliation

Hideyuki Suzuki

Professor, the University of Tokyo

Ken Takagi

Professor, the University of Tokyo

Koichi Masuda

Professor Emeritus, Nihon University

Koichi Maekawa

Professor, Yokohama National University

Takeshi Ishihara

Professor, the University of Tokyo

Takeshi Kinoshita

Professor Emeritus, the University of Tokyo

Tomoaki Utsunomiya

Professor, Kyushu University

Lim Soon Heng

Founder President and Senior Advisor of the Society of Floating
Solutions, Singapore

Chien Ming Wang

Professor, University of Queensland
7

Floor Maps and Evacuation Routes
Conference Highlight

Opening Ceremony――――――――――――――――――――――――
Keynote Speech――――――――――――――――――――――――
Paper Presentation――――――――――――――――――――――――
Special Exhibition――――――――――――――――――――――――
Company Exhibition――――――――――――――――――――――――
Welcome Reception, Business Forum, Networking Lunch――――――――――――――――――――――――
Banquet at the Hilltop Hotel (Yamanoue Hotel) (optional)――――――――――――――――――――――――
Technical Tour (optional):

1F

2F

Introduction of the Tokyo Bay eSG Projectby Tokyo Metropolitan Government――――――――――――――――――――――――

89

Programme
Day 1 : 28th Aug.
Time
8:00-9:00
9:00-9:05

5F

9:05-9:35
9:35-9:45

Room 1 (6F)

Speaker andStaff room

10:15-11:15
11:20-12:20

Welcome by Chair
Shigeru Tabeta
Opening Ceremony
Soon Lim Heng
Sam Tabuchi
Photo taking of All participants
Coffee BreakKeynote Speech
Takeshi Kinoshita
Toshio Nakajima
Business Forum

12:20-13:30
13:30-15:10

Networking Lunch
Urban Planning
Technology / Innovation
Moderator: Ryo Sugahara
Moderator: Yoshitsugu Kawakami
Developing a sustainable and smart
floating structure solution for enhancing The Evolving of floating shipyard and its
liveability in Hong Kong’s crowded built leagile operation
environment
Sustainable water city in Singapore - A
Experimental investigation for ship
novel floating solution to overcome
motion coupling internal
both population growth and watersloshing under wave actions
shortage Designing floating urban realities: onExperimental study of free-surface
the urban design of floating high density profiles of an aircushion-type floating
environments in the Dutch context
platform with a moonpool
A systematic methodological routine for
A framework for environmental impact analyzing numerical analysis results:
assessment of floating development
Tools for parametric design routines offloating structures
North Atlantic floating island.
Floating Environmental Deck Structures
Architecture of the high Seas.
-Design Construction Challenges

15:10-15:40

6F

15:40-17:20

Room 3 (5F-154)

Registration

9:45-10:15

Secretariat office

Room 2 (5F-151)

Low Carbon Energy
Moderator: Shinichiro Hirabayashi
Case studies of SMR liquefaction for
FLNG applications
Case Studies of SMR Liquefaction for
FLNG Applications
Innovative modular floating structures
for harvesting solar energy in harshmarine environment
Floating OTEC plant – A design andcoupled dynamics
A Basic Investigation of Resonance
Characteristics of PW-OWC Type WECs

Coffee BreakUrban Planning
Moderator: Tomoki Ikoma

Technology / Innovation
Moderator: Kazuhiro Iijima

Proposal of floating city concept instead Significant wave run-up for largeof landfill with artificial ground that has offshore structures due to tertiary
a free rebuilding systeminteractions
From floating prototype to floating
community: Designing resilient floating
communities by using participatory
approaches
Floating urban development –Sustainable growth and affordable
housing
Challenges and success factors of
realizing floating projects –from theperspectives of Dutch experts in floatingcity development

Effects of a moonpool on steady wave
drifting forces on a floating pontoon

Offshore Wind /Technology Innovation
Moderator: Chikako Fujiyama
Study of the fairlead connections of aprestressed concrete spar platform
supporting a 10 MW floating offshore
wind turbine
Influence of concrete material propertyon the failure mode of steel-concreteconnection under monotonic load

Numerical Study on Cause andHydroelastic responses of very large
Characteristics of Low-frequency Yaw
floating structures in damage conditions
Motion of a Slack-moored FOWT
Wave response characteristics of a low
Using interter for offshore floating
rigidity FOWT with guy-wire supported
platform vibration control
tower and single point mooring
configuration
A Study on Wave Free Configurations
Amid Geopolitical Conflicts, are Floatingand Motion Responses for AdvancedNuclear Power Plants Safe?
SPAR Type FOWTs

10

17:20-17:40

Free Time

17:40-

Welcome Reception

11Day 2: 29th Aug.
Time

Room 1 (6F)

8:00-9:00

Registration

9:00-10:30

Keynote Speech
Stefan Huebner
Rutger de Graaf-van Dinther
Koen OlthuisRoom 2 (5F-151)

10:30-11:00
11:00-12:00

Keynote Speaker

Coffee BreakUrban Planning
Moderator: Jin Sasaki
Development of the legal definition of
the floating city: judicial interpretationand case law on the structuralcharacteristics of floating homes anddevelopments

Food & Others
Moderator: Takero Yoshida
Recent developments in offshore fishpens
Numerical simulation of the threedimensional sloshing and internal freesurface oscillation control in a closed
fish tank using the particle method
Impacts of sessile organisms attached toartificial floating structures on thesurrounding environment: review andupdate in Tokyo Bay

Sustainable floating city production
systems – Moving towards industry 5.0
Current status of underwater space
utilization and challenges to contributeto a sustainable society

12:00-13:30
13:30-15:10

Room 3 (5F-154)

Offshore Wind / Low Carbon
Moderator: Motohiko Murai
Development of a simulation tool for
floating offshore wind turbines using
MBDyn
Overview of FOWT demo projects costand analyses of hull design features
Basic study of barge type floater forlarge wind turbine system by using
numeral simulation

Networking Lunch
Architecture
Food & Others
Moderator: Kenichi Fujita
Moderator: Hideyuki Niizato
A performance-based design frameworkfor floating architecture. Trade-offs and Conceptual design and comprehensive
correlations between requirements for assessment for an integrated oceanmultiple criteria decision making
based climate solution
optimization.
A study on planning of sustainable
Survey on the management of marine
floating architecture outside a bay
tourism in Zamami Village, Okinawa,
utilizing submerged breakwater reefJapanthat sequesters CO2

Prof. Takeshi Kinoshita, graduated from the University of Tokyo of 1976, Doctor of Engineering,
Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering. Professor Emeritus at the University of Tokyo.
He had served as a professor at the Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo, a
specially-appointed professor in the Department of Ocean Architecture and Engineering at theFaculty of Science and Technology, Nihon University, and the 19th and 20th President ofNagasaki Institute of Applied Sciences. He also served as the first chairman of the Ocean
Energy Association-Japan.
His expertise lies in fluid dynamics and kinematics related to the motion of ships and marine
structures, as well as the study of ocean energy, such as offshore wind power. He promotes theutilization of marine renewable energy, which is considered the main energy resources in the
future, from the perspective of global warming and national security of energy resources.

Climate Change / Disaster
Moderator: Mitsuhiro Masuda
System and method for proactive andreversible mitigation on storm/
hurricane/typhoon/cyclone

Takeshi Kinoshita
Professor Emeritus,
the University of Tokyo

Speech title: How the sea give us peaceful and rich favor?

Amphibious buildings as a response toincreasing flood risk - European casestudy

Study on applicability of the MPS
Study on the increase in annual
two-phase flow model to submarine
maximum significant wave height due to landslide problem and the basic
the intensification of typhoons using
characteristics of impact pressure on
NOWPHAS wave observation datamooring anchors of offshore windturbines
Stakeholder acceptance of large-scale
Fundamental research on tsunamiA design proposal of floating leisure and floating developments: Insights fromresistant design for coastal architectures
culture facilities in Saemangeum areasocial theory and realized projects in theconsidering hazard chains
Netherlands
Hydro-structural analysis – Advanced
cross-structure calculation for a rigid
floating breakwater module
Stochastic response evaluation for
random wind and wave actions ofmodule-linked floating structures with awind turbine

Architect Kikutake & Floating City Vision
Coffee Break

15:10-15:40
15:40-17:00

Architecture
Moderator: Takahide Terakuchi

Climate Change / Disaster
Moderator: Yasuhiro Aida
Numerical study of the variation of thevelocity of a tsunami-drifting object infront of a building just before impact atdifferent angles of tsunami incidence
Study on the tsunami disasterprevention measure by the deep-draft
type floating tsunami protection Wharf
for a vessel moored at a Wharf
Proposal of tsunami hazard database formooring vessels in major ports in Japan
A study on the layout and structure of
the cloister of Itsukushima Shrine fromhydrodynamic aspects

From Floating Architecture to Seaside
Landscape. The case of the Island ofRoses.
"SeaSurveyor": An Innovative Floating
Solution for Establishing Marine
Protection Areas in Shallow
International Waters
An innovative design concept ofmodular pneumatic floating platforms
Multi-body analysis of modular floatingislands: optimisation of connector
stiffness (to be confirmed)

12

17:00-18:00

Free Time

18:00-

Buffet Style Dinner at the Hilltop Hotel

Toshio Nakajima
President, the Waterfront Real
Estate Co., Ltd

Dr. Toshio Nakajima, president of the Waterfront Real Estate Co., Ltd. has a unique professional
background as the 1st Grade Registered Architect of Japan as well as an offshore engineer. He
received the M.S degree from the Univ. of Hawaii, Dept. of Ocean Engineering in 1976 and theDr.Eng. from the Univ. of Tokyo, Dept. of Naval Architecture in 1981.
He used to be an architectural designer at Kiyonori Kikutake Architects & Associates; anoffshore engineer for the research & development of semi-submersible type platforms at the
Sumitomo Heavy Industries. He also worked for the RIKEN as an administrative senior official
for 13 years and taught at the Tokyo Metropolitan University for 10 years.
He unraveled the dynamics of mooring line using the “lumped mass method”, which has beenused widely among practitioners as one of the standard design methodologies of mooring line.
In the recent years, he has been working on realization of soft-landed Sustainable Water City
which is selected as one of the top 100 Must-Read Articles by Springer (2016).
Speech title: A Technical Review of Hawaii Floating City’76 and Floating Platform Technology
from 1970s to 1980s

13

Stefan Huebner
Senior Researcher, the Asia
Research Institute (ARI),
National University ofSingapore(NUS)

Rutger de Graafvan Dinther
Entrepreneur and researcher,Blue 21

Dr. Stefan Huebner (Hübner) is a Senior Research Fellow at the Asia Research Institute (ARI) of
the National University of Singapore (NUS). He is also an Associate of the Harvard University
Asia Center, where he has previously been a Fulbright Scholar and SSRC Transregional Research
Fellow. Earlier, he was History and Public Policy Fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International
Center for Scholars and postdoctoral/doctoral fellow at the German Historical InstituteWashington, DC and the German Institute for Japanese Studies Tokyo. He received his PhDfrom Jacobs University Bremen (Germany).
His current research project is a global history of the industrialization and urbanization ofmarine regions during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. His most recent articles
address the “sustainable floating city” project in Busan, South Korea, the origins of offshore oil
drilling in Asia and North America, offshore rocket launch and landing platforms, and thelong-term influences of proposals from the 1950s-1970s to urbanize Tokyo Bay and Hawai’ian
waters on present environmentalist and developmentalist thought. His edited volume on“Oceanic Japan” with his chapter on Japan’s “platform archipelago” will be released in 2024.

Koen OlthuisArchitect, Co-Founder of
Waterstudio & Dutch Docklands

Dr. Koen Olthuis is a Dutch architect. He studied architecture and industrial design at Delft
University of Technology. With his family roots in shipbuilding, architecture and engineering hefounded Waterstudio in 2003 focused on floating architecture. He was ranked #122 in TIME
Magazine's readers' poll of "the most influential people of the year".
As a senior researcher Floating Cities and Delta Urbanism at the Delft University of Technology,
he and his team is testing the strategies and options for The Netherlands to build on water as
the next phase in the evolution of a country below sea level. He advises governments andcities around the world on how to combat the effects of climate change and urbanization. His
signature work includes the Floating City in The Maldives, as well as floating parks, houses andtheatre for canals, lakes and the open ocean.
Koen is the author of the book FLOAT! and City Apps, which highlight the possibilities for richand poor communities and to build on water to improve the performance of cities near water.
Speech title: Floating city roadmap, requirements guiding us from myth to marble.

Speech title: Earth’s Amphibious Transformation. The Tokyo Bay Debate (1950s-1960s) and
its Legacy in Global Perspective.
The keynote lecture analyzes how the transformation of marine regions since the 1920s
through mariculture, offshore oil drilling, and more energy-intensive built environments
shaped the debate about urbanizing Tokyo Bay and influenced later projects that extended thehuman habitat to sea surfaces.

Dr. Rutger de Graaf-van Dinther is an entrepreneur and researcher. He received MSc and PhD(both finished cum laude) of Delft University of Technology as a civil engineer. His mission is toprovide floating city technology to hundreds of millions of people who are impacted by climatechange and sea-level rise.
With his companies DeltaSync and Blue21, the first stepping stones towards this mission
already have been achieved with iconic floating construction projects including the Floating
Pavilion Rotterdam and Floating Ecohomes, Harnaschpolder Delft, the Netherlands. Blue21
was design and technology partner in realizing the Innozowa floating solar project incollaboration with TU Delft. Currently, Blue21 is working on upscaling and mainstreaming
floating city technology from 'proof of technology' to 'proof of scale'. This will establish an
entirely new field of expertise called 'maritime urbanism' to enable the development offloating neighbourhoods and floating cities globally
He expanded his knowledge in various additional fields of expertise resulting in peer-reviewed
scientific publications in the fields of technology, sustainability and social sciences. Rutger has
been consultant to the Dutch Delta Programme, Topsector Water, City of Rotterdam andinternational clients including from the USA and various countries in Asia and Europe.
Speech title: Upscaling for a climate resilient Floating Future: next steps in technology,
design, ecology, governance and business

14

15

Special Exhibition
Architect Kiyonori Kikutake and
Dr. J. P. Craven’s Floating City Project

Banquet at the Hilltop Hotel (Yamanoue Hotel)th
29 Aug. (optional)-Hawaii Floating City’76 and Other Endeavors –In the WCFS 2023 Japan, a special exhibitionof the historic endeavor on realization of
the floating community concept will bepresented that was carried out incooperation with engineers, architects andpractitioners.
The historic attempt of the ‘Hawaii Floating
City ’76 Concept stared in 1971. In order torealize the concept into realization, theState Government of Hawaii appointed a
special team that was led by architect
Kiyonori Kikutake and Dr. John P. Craven,system integrator & Dean of the Marine
Program, Univ. of Hawaii. Intention of thespecial exhibition is to introduce
significance of this historic challenge andother related endeavors to share treasured
information with the conference
participants hoping that it may stimulate
realization of floating community.

2023/08/04 16:32

Tel.
+81-3-3293-2311

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20 mTechnical Tour,th
30 Aug.
Brief Introduction of the Tokyo eSG Project“Rather than monopolizing the benefits of economic development, it is important to give back tosociety in order to enrich the entire country” said Shibusawa Eiichi otherwise known as the “Father
of Japanese Capitalism”. Goto Shinpei, who also composed a reconstruction plan for Tokyo after theGreat Kanto Earthquake in 1923, promoted urban development envisioning 50 years and 100 years
into the future. Today, by carrying on the spirit of the great leaders, we will create a model for a cityin the post-Covid era and use cutting-edge “Digital Transformation (DX)” in order to achieve abalance between sustainability, economy and finance, and laying out the vision for the shape ofTokyo 50 years and 100 years into the future.
A city that is pandemic-ready, disaster-ready, and resilient including “human-centered spaces”
surrounded by greenery, water, and biodiversity that constantly produces a new value focusing on
the world's best talent and knowledge. By succeeding 50 years and 100 years’ vision, Tokyo will
include the concept of “Tokyo eSG” in addition to the original concept of ESG (Environment, Social,and Governance). The eSG is an abbreviation of the followings:
e: Environment, Ecology, Economy, Epoch-making (innovative technology that will carve out a newera)
SG: Represent the spirit of Shibusawa Eiichi and Goto Shinpei.

Time Schedule(Subject to Change)
Day 3, Aug.30
TimeTour Program

10:30

Meet at the gathering spot in Takeshiba Pier

10:30-11:00

Move to the Venue for Briefing of the eSG Project

11:00-11:30

Briefing of the Tokyo Bay eSG Project by Tokyo Metropolitan Government

11:30-13:00

Luch at Takeshiba Area

13:00-13:30

Board on the Electric Ship “Samurai”

13:30-15:00

Cruise to the Floating Restaurant "Terada "15:00-15:30

Move to the Venue for Introduation of eSG Project

15:00-16:30

Introduction of the Tokyo Bay eSG Project by Private Entrepreneurs

16:30-18:30

Dinner at “Bank 30” Restaurant

18:30

End of the Tour

Meeting Place
Tokyo Port City Takeshiba Office Tower, 3rd Floor, City Plaza
1-7-1 Kaigan, Minato-ku, Tokyo(From:①Takeshiba Sta.250m、②Hamamatsucho Sta. 350m)

Daimon Sta.
Shiba
Commercial
High School
Pedes

trian DTokyo
Port City
Takeshiba

Takeshiba Sta.
Takeshiba Pier

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Former Shiba Rikyu
GardenMetropolitan Expressway

Hamamatsucho Sta.

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18

19

Abstract

Abstract

20

Urban Planning

Urban Planning

Developing a sustainable and smart floating structure solution for enhancing
liveability in Hong Kong’s crowded built environment

Designing floating urban realities: on the urban design of floating highdensity environments in the Dutch context

Xiao Lin Zhao, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Xiaoli Ding, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Chien Ming Wang, The University of Queensland

Laura Thomas, PosadMaxwan strategy x design
Lisa Gerards, PosadMaxwan strategy x design
Juliette Brouwer, PosadMaxwan strategy x design

Jianguo Dai, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Rutger de Graaf-van Dinther, Blue21
Brydon Wang, Queensland University of Technology

Emma de Haan, PosadMaxwan strategy x design
Gijs de Haan, PosadMaxwan strategy x design

Embracing new economic opportunities, creating capacity for sustainable growth, and enhancing liveability are the three building blocks encapsulated
in ‘The Hong Kong 2030+: Towards a Planning Vision and Strategy Transcending 2030’. To fulfil this vision, we must overcome the land shortage in Hong
Kong, which is currently estimated to be approximately 3000 hectares. Among the possible solutions suggested by the government, more than one third
will be realised through land reclamation. Large-scale land reclamation has played, and will continue to play, an important role in creating land for urban
development in densely populated coastal cities like Hong Kong. However, this solution also attracts criticisms relating to threats to the marine environment,
the degradation of water quality, the disruption of current flow, the vast cost relating to the lengthy soil consolidation and construction periods, and theshortage of filling materials for land reclamation. Enhancing liveability requires a certain percentage of land (normally 20% to 30%) be used as recreational
space and community facilities that are often not in the form of high-rise buildings. These spaces could be achieved by using floating structure solution.
This paper presents the vision for a sustainable and smart floating structure solution (S2FS2) in Hong Kong. It will cover the key features of S2FS2 that
adopts a hybrid approach, i.e., a combination of floating structure solution and land reclamation. The challenges of such development will be discussed.
They include sustainable and cost-effective materials for floating platforms and superstructures in view of the highly corrosive environment in Hong Kong;
optimal designs of multi-purpose floating platforms to carry the superstructures with various types of functionalities and sited in different water depths;
designing easy-to-install, reliable, and durable connector systems for joining floating modules under the combination of dynamic (impact and fatigue)loading and a corrosive environment; rapid and precise on-site assembly that requires innovative construction technology and construction management
for building multi-purpose large floating structures resting on different water levels; active control of dynamic structural movements in the sea with respect
to construction and service stages, especially in Hong Kong, where there are typhoons; quantifying the ecological and environment impacts; and obtaining
social acceptance. Estimated cost savings using a hybrid approach compared to the conventional land reclamation approach will be presented using Kau Yi
Chau artificial island (1000 ha) as an example.

Integral climate adaptive solutions in urban development are urgently needed to protect the safety and security of people’s lives aroundthe world. Especially in delta regions that contain some of the most dense concentrations of cities, such as the Netherlands, there is alarge demand for flood-resilient developments. As the Dutch long tradition of fighting against water is expected to soon fall short, a needto adopt alternative strategies that work with water, rather than against it, is finally recognized by the Dutch national government. The
recent administrative agreement to make ‘water en bodem sturend’ (water and soil as a guiding principle) in developments bears witness
to this. In delta regions as dense as the Netherlands, flooding threats call for solutions that combine space for water retention with spacefor other large transitions, such as urbanization, energy and mobility. This forces urban planners and designers to invent new types ofliving environments where the large transitions are tackled integrally. It requires including socio-economic, ecological and climate adaptive
considerations all in one urban environment. The research-by-design explores floating high density urban developments in various Dutch
contexts as a fitting solution. This paper discusses the most important findings of the research, that looks for an answer to the question:
how to design resilient floating cities in a Dutch context? The research has indicated key urban design principles for the design of floatingcity development in the Dutch context, following the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and preparing for the longterm ‘next SDGs’. The key principles address how to achieve a high quality integral urban design in terms of urbanity (density, functionmix), inclusivity (affordability, accessibility), ecology and feasibility (financial, constructive). These principles have been developed in close
collaboration with experts from various backgrounds, such as construction engineers, ecologists and financial advisors. Together, theprinciples provide a toolkit for floating developments that can be transferred to multiple location typologies, such as regenerated harbour
areas, polder landscapes and lakes or lagoons. These are presented along a handful of case studies: the harbour of Rotterdam, the poldersof Utrecht, a water reservoir in Dordrecht and the Markermeer close to Amsterdam.

Urban Planning

Urban Planning

Sustainable Water City in Singapore - A Novel Floating Solution to Overcome
both Population Growth and Water Shortage -A Framework for Environmental Impact Assessment of
Floating Development

Toshio Nakajima, Waterfront Real Estate Co., Ltd.,
Yoshihiko Yamashita, Waterfront Real Estate Co., Ltd.,

Barbara Dal Bo Zanon, Blue21
Karina M. Czapiewska, Blue21

The challenges that Singapore has been facing are the shortage of water supply, small land space to cope with growing population as
well as vulnerability against the sea-level rise due to the climate change.
Singapore largely depends on water supply from the neighboring countries. To mitigate this problem, seawater desalination facilities
have constructed despite of the fact that they require large amount of operational cost. Further, so-called NEWater System hasdeveloped to produce additional water by recycling sewage into drinking water. Nevertheless, these countermeasures seem notsufficient if water supply from the neighbors stops and water demand increases due to population growth.
When flooding caused by abnormal weather and the rising of sea level due to global warming are taken into consideration, a flat country
like Singapore is vulnerable to these natural disasters. Construction of resilient and sustainable infrastructure against climate change isconsidered as an essential challenge.
This paper introduces a novel concept of a Water City that may mitigate water shortage, population growth and climate change. Namely, rainwatercollection system for a resource of drinking water, man-made reservoir for a greywater & drinking water resource, floating complex for housing
growing population and countermeasures against water related natural disasters. A potential construction site in Singapore is selected as a casestudy. The Water City is constructed in an artificial reservoir that can be expanded to other potential areas as needed. Besides an artificial reservoir,
the Water City is composed of floating foundation, high-density residential and commercial complex, rainwater collection and supply system, water
treatment facilities, lively water park, lifelines, cultural & community space, and other related facilities. When there is an unexpected increase inwater level, a floating foundation can easily cope with the change by moving up from the original position. Rainwater can be collected and storedin water tank placed underwater which can be utilized for most of the residential and commercial use. The rainwater inside the rainwater tank ispurified and used for drinking purpose whereas the water in an artificial reservoir can be used for drinking as well as greywater for internal use.

Floating (infra)structures are a relatively new way of addressing the challenges posed by land scarcity and sea level rise. Due to the novelty of such structures, they are notfully covered in existing regulatory frameworks for EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment). Moreover, existing environmental approaches (e.g., EU’s Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Directives) are focused mainly on minimizing negative impacts and on preserving a given situation in timeand often fail to see the potential for strengthening ecosystem resilience.
On a planet that is so far out of balance, there is no likely scenario in which restoration and conservation would be sufficient. The radical changes necessary for the continuityof (human) life have led to alternative worldviews in the way human development and ecological systems are seen in relation to each other. The transition from a mechanistic
to a holistic worldview, where humans are seen as part of nature, not separate from it, has shifted the emphasis from reducing negative impacts towards being regenerative.
With a regenerative approach as a starting point, this paper proposes a methodology for assessing the environmental effects of floating development. This methodology
consists of the following steps: 1) Define ‘control zones’, assess their current situation, identify habitat types and predict future trends; 2) Analyze the characteristics of thefloating built environment proposed for the area, evaluating potential environmental benefits and threats; 3) Assess the ecosystem vulnerability (sensitivity) to potentialchanges posed by floating infrastructure and the potential to increase its ecosystem services with the project’s contribution; 4) Derive input for the spatial planning andrecommendations for the engineering decisions and technologies used. To support the comprehensive data collection needs of this framework, examples of high-resolution
novel monitoring technologies are also discussed in this work.
The proposed framework can be used to evaluate the effects and regeneration potential of floating projects from the ideation stage through the construction phaseand beyond. Contrary to traditional EIA’s, it does not limit the environmental analysis to one moment in time but proposes a feedback loop approach using dynamic
monitoring to maintain preset benchmarks. The developed framework for EIA of floating structure is demonstrated by applying it to a case study in French Polynesia.
Potential threats are identified for different project phases but also opportunities for regeneration. Such opportunities include the creation of new habitats forwildlife and positive effects on water quality.

Rui L. Pedroso de Lima, Indymo
Rutger E. de Graaf-van Dinther, Blue21

Bart Roeffen, Blue21

21

Abstract

Urban Planning

Urban Planning

North Atlantic Floating Island.
Architecture of the High Seas.

From floating prototype to floating community: Designing resilient floating
communities by using participatory approachesŁukasz Piątek, Warsaw Faculty of Technology, Faculty of Architecture

Pieter H. Ham, Delft university of technology

Oceanic architecture is one of the strongest currents in the domain of floating structures. Even though building on the high seas isrightly considered more challenging than on inland or coastal waters, successive generations of designers and planners cannot resist
the temptation of creating architecture far beyond its original environment. The social context of 21st-century architecture with its
predominant global atmosphere of disruption and crisis is the catalysis of an influx of numerous visions of future floating communities.
This paper rather than focusing on the analysis of utopias and designing another one aims at understanding the reasoning and realcircumstances that may be relevant to the design, construction, and operation of a human-built floating colony on the high seas. The
method of inquiry draws from the historical land-based predecessors, the settlements founded with a single political and construction
act to learn from this analogy to identify the key factors for ocean colonization. Due to security and economic reasons, the study islimited to the North Atlantic, the water highway between Europe and America, the area of the vivid ocean economy, and relatively highsafety, as a potential location for the North Atlantic Floating Island (NAFI). It analyses the main natural and cultural design constraints
encompassing, but not limited to, climate, seabed, winds, currents, ice range, marine life, sea routes, distances to points of interest,
fishery areas, and others. As a result of this process, the Corner Rise Seamounts area, halfway between the US coast and the Azores isselected as a potential location. Next, the paper discusses existing deep-sea technology that could be used to anchor and operate the
NAFI at this location with special regard to reusing decommissioned oil rigs. Finally, possible purposes or purposes that the structure
could be designated to serve, including energy and nutrients production, SAR operations, tourism, and research are presented. As aresult of the critical thinking process, all circumstances create a set of forces influencing the design proposal for NAFI. The architecturalconcept is the subjective design response - a conclusion of the investigation aimed at addressing real needs and facilitating existing
solutions.

In the overpopulated deltas of the Philippines people live in areas that see floods regularly. The floods are being caused by a
combination of tides, heavy rainfall and land subsidence. The demand for safe and affordable housing is immense, yet available dry
land is scarce. By implementing floating homes on vacant former rice fields, demanded new building space is becoming available. To
come to a sustainable design that fits in the Pampanga Delta, traditional building designs as the Bahay Kubo have been analysed bymeans parametric building simulations and resulted in a design for a vernacular architecture based prototype house. This floatinghome has been built and is evaluated on technical performances and on occupants’ experiences. This paper describes the processof the creation and outcome of a holistic design framework for a floating neighbourhood design, based on this first prototype home.
A participatory approach is used to bring the community to the centre of the design process. Through this co-design process as
conducted in the coastal areas of the Philippines, we take a closer look at how co-design can help tackle fragile living situations thatemerge from challenging environmental and social conditions and how future scenarios are co-created with residents in the form ofvisual summaries, boards and relationship maps. These insights are translated into a holistic design framework, where stakeholders
can discuss and further iterate on the proposed building solutions that focus on floating housing, floating infrastructure, floating
public spaces and floating sanitation.

Urban Planning

Urban Planning

Proposal of Floating city concept instead of landfill with artificial ground thathas a free rebuilding system

Floating Urban Development – Sustainable Growth andAffordable Housing

Ikuo Yoshida, Ocean Development, Frontier Business, Shimizu Corporation
Naoki Ohba, Ocean Development, Frontier Business, Shimizu Corporation
Naoya Tamamushi, SHIMIZU VIETNAM Co., Ltd.
Hidemi Nakashima, Structural Design Department, Global Business Headquarters, Shimizu Corporation
Satoshi Inoue, Global Business Headquarters, Emerging Frontier Division, LCV Business Department, Shimizu Corporation
Shinji Kobayashi, Ocean Development, Frontier Business, Shimizu Corporation

Gil Wang, CAMERI - Coastal and Marine Engineering Research Institute, Technion ITT, Israel / TU Delft, Faculty 3mE, Dept. Maritime
and Transport Technology, Sec. Ship Hydromechanics
Daniel Bar, CAMERI - Coastal and Marine Engineering Research Institute, Technion ITT
Fransje L. Hooimeijer, TU Delft, Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, Dept. Urbanism, Sec Env. Tech & Design
Sebastian Schreier, TU Delft, Faculty 3mE, Dept. Maritime and Transport Technology, Sec. Ship Hydromechanics

As a means of expanding the land necessary for human activities, land reclamation has been carried out in coastal areas in addition
to clearing flatlands and forests. These human activities have significantly impacted the natural environment and ecosystems.
As the global population continues to grow and the concentration of people in urban areas continues, coastal land needs to be
expanded while minimizing the environmental impact. As a solution, floating structures with the functions necessary for cities arebeing considered. On the other hand, when large-scale land is required, it is impossible to rebuild freely like a reclaimed land witha floating artificial ground designed to integrate the floating part and the building part like a floating building. In order to solve thisproblem, in this research, we will create a floating artificial ground that has an area comparable to that of a landfill site. We proposea ground system. This is a three-layer structure system in which a load distribution layer and a flexible pit layer are provided on the
floating structure layer. The load distribution layer disperses the concentrated load of the building, and the flexible pit layer enables
the installation of building foundations and equipment. We also devised a device that allows the foundation of a building to be fixedand detached. Furthermore, it is a system that has a ballast function to correct eccentricity due to the building layout. In this study,
static stability was verified by a model that assumed a block of 150m x 150m and arranged three buildings. In addition, We will
describe the floating city concept in Singapore, which was conceived as an application.

22

Abstract

The demand for affordable housing continues to increase, driven by population growth and rural migration toward the cities. However, the supply is limited
due to the scarcity of urban development space – especially in coastal areas. This interdisciplinary research explores the alternative of urban expansion
toward the adjacent marine environment of coastal cities. It focuses on floating residential dwellings from both technological and urban planningperspectives, aiming to include the waterfront of coastal cities as a viable, sustainable, and affordable alternative for urban development. The researchtakes on one of the most expensive cities in the world, Tel Aviv-Yafo, as a case study for increasing the supply of affordable housing in addition to vital
sustainable future growth. Tel Aviv-Yafo provides a unique case study for this research, as Israel, a country with high population density, has the highest rateof population natural increase in the OECD. Further, the Tel Aviv metropolitan area contains 60% of the country’s total urban development and accounts
for 45% of its population. This is despite the numerous government policies encouraging people to dwell in the rural part of the country.
As a result, the spatial tension between urban development needs, infrastructure needs, and green fields is imminent and affecting not only the costsof housing but mostly the quality of life. Floating urban development can alleviate some of this pressure by creating much-needed space. Located on
the shores of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, Tel Aviv has no natural shelter or bay. Therefore, when considering the adjacent marine environment as
an alternative for urban development, it basically means open-water conditions including waves heights up to 4 m, and design wave height of 8.5 m.
The interaction between the floating structures and the waves presents the greatest challenge, and it is a crucial factor for both occupant comfort andstructure. The current interdisciplinary research combines developed engineering methodologies with urbanism to provide a holistic perspective on thespatial layout and design considerations for the city’s additional floating development. The technological aspects of this research are based on physicaland numerical studies currently conducted in collaboration between the Ship Hydromechanics laboratory at Delft University of Technology, and CAMERI– Coastal and Marine Engineering Research Institute at the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology. The research motivations and the environmental
conditions are not exclusive to the chosen case study, and therefore this research is relevant for other venues in the Mediterranean Sea and elsewhere.
23

Abstract

Urban Planning

Urban Planning

Challenges and success factors of realizing floating projects –from theperspectives of Dutch experts in floating city development

Development of the legal definition of the floating city: judicial interpretationand case law on the structural characteristics of floating homes anddevelopments

Akane.Takahashi, Blue21 / Shimizu Corporation
Fen-Yu Lin, Blue21
Ikuo Yoshida, Shimizu Corporation

Background:The interests and demand for floating city development are growing increasingly worldwide. The IPCC report (2022) included floating for the first time ever,encouraging cities to experiment more with such a viable and transformative adaptation solution.
The most advanced regions for floating developments are in Northern Europe, particularly the Netherlands. The Netherlands has a long history of reclaiming land from thesea, leading to a water-friendly way of life, with boathouses being the traditional place of residence. In recent years, floating residential areas, pavilions and offices havebeen realised. In addition, research institutions such as MARIN and BLUEREVOLUTION FOUNDATION are taking visionary leadership in creating floating city ecosystems andtogether proposing advanced research into large-scale floating city development.
It is presumed by the authors that by studying the challenges and solutions of developing floating projects in the Netherlands, a model can be found which could serve as areference for neighbouring countries. This could potentially open up markets for floating in other regions, such as Asia.
Objectives:This study aims to investigate, collect and present the challenges and solutions for upscaling floating developments in Northern Europe, mainly the Netherlands,
building up the foundation of knowledge to realise large-scale floating development in the region.
Furthermore, the authors hope that this paper will stimulate interests in floating structures among developers and policymakers not only in Northern European region, butalso in other regions like Asia, so that floating structures can be considered as an alternative to land reclamation.
Methods:First, the status quo of the floating structure market in the Netherlands and the rest of Northern European region is assessed through literature study and field surveys.
Next, a survey of the challenges and solutions is conducted. It is essential not only for large floating developments to solve technical problems, but also to approachfrom the softer side, such as legislation and people's psychological acceptance. Therefore, not only engineering-related companies, research institutions, etc., but also
governments, operators and users of existing floating structures will be interviewed. Questionnaires or focus groups will be performed in order to understand thechallenges and solutions from their perspective. Data collected and analysed will incorporate the considerations of the authors and be presented. This article will provide
insights and information regarding Challenges of upscaling floating development.

Brydon T. Wang, Queensland University of Technology

As floating city developments attract further global attention as potential solutions to meet the UN Sustainable Development
Goals and to address coastal land pressures, increased flooding and rising sea levels, the complexities associated with permitting
frameworks and the legal consequences for deployment of floating city projects are intensifying. However, these floating city
proposals are not new phenomenon. Instead, they are part of the resurgence of various floating city developments that held
fascination for the international community during the 1950’s to the 1970s. Despite this long fascination with floating cities, thevolume of floating city proposals did not yield law reform or judicial consideration of the concept of the floating city despite someschemes reaching a level of sophistication to even be granted patents. This paper aims to identify broad legal issues that are
emerging in various national jurisdictions by undertaking a global survey of cases involving judicial interpretation of a floating city
based on their structural characteristics. It examines case law from the United States, Oceania, UK, Canada and Southeast Asia toarticulate how courts have considered various types of floating cities. These judgments consider floating city developments that takeshape from a wide spectrum of structural arrangements, such as fixed platforms, floating pontoons to assemblages of barges, withthe courts considering whether or not the floating installation falls within the definition of land, vessel or chattel. The paper outlines
how judicial interpretation of what is a floating city has legal consequences at the national level, such as impacts on the duty ofcare of personnel and occupants, property law, and taxation. Further, the legal concept also has consequences for the deployment
of offshore floating cities in marine areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) under the evolving international law around artificial
islands and floating structures. The paper concludes with recommendations as to further research and regulatory reform that may
facilitate deployment of floating city development inshore; and potential coordination and cooperation between international andregional bodies to provide global oversight on the deployment of floating city developments in international waters.

Urban Planning

Urban Planning

Amid Geopolitical Conflicts, are Floating Nuclear Power Plants Safe?

Sustainable Floating City Production Systems– Moving Towards Industry 5.0

Soon Heng Lim, Society of Floating Solutions, Singapore

Floating nuclear power plants promise an effective pathway to reducing greenhouse emission caused by the use of fossil fuels. Thissolution is made possible because of advances made in reducing the size (thereby making them transportable) of nuclear reactors andmanufacturing under roof to modular (replicable) designs.
Current trends of building such floating power plants in shipyard facilities and deploying them with little consideration for their security
requires a major shift in mindset.
The risk of state terrorism is real. Major power plants deployed offshore warrant the highest form of strategic security. A floating
nuclear power plant is easy to destroy. What destroyed the Nord Stream pipelines can likewise destroy a floating nuclear power plant.
The difference is that the consequences could be a lot more serious.
This paper offers a concept to protect floating nuclear power plants deployed at sea.

24

Abstract

Ana C. Pereira, Blue21
Rutger de Graaf, Blue21
Fen-Yu Lin, Blue21

It has been more than a decade since the concept of Industry 4.0 was first introduced, yet experts have already begun to talk about what thenext revolution will be: Industry 5.0. Over the past years, emphasis has been given to digitalization and the use of disruptive technologies toenhance efficiency and flexibility. Now, Industry 5.0 has shifted the focus to social priorities, being centered on the value of a human-centricindustry and its service to humanity. Thus, Industry 5.0 is an extension of the Industry 4.0 paradigm, aiming to create a more conscious andresponsible industry. It is focused on areas such as environmental protection, social responsibility, and adherence to fundamental rights.
This strategy is not meant to replace the existing Industry 4.0, but rather to complement it into the future, allowing industry to co-exist withsocietal trends and needs, fostering the development of sustainable, resilient and human-centered systems.
Floating cities present an opportunity to address the values of Industry 5.0, such as taking action against climate change, promoting theuse of clean energy, and protecting the environment in order to create a brighter, cleaner, and healthier world. Creating a solution to the
expansion of urban areas by exploiting the sea surface is a way to solve the problem of limited living space in coastal cities. Sustainable
development in this context is relying on Industry 5.0 principles to ensure progress in threatened areas and improve climate resilience. It
is possible to create cities which are powered by renewable energy sources and are in harmony with the environment, leading to lower
emissions and improved air quality, offering an adaptive, resilient and sustainable solution to the rising sea levels and a changing climate.
Therefore, this article reflects on industrial trends for the development of floating solutions and the synergies that can be created between
Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 in this context. The floating industry has the particularity of being able to create a symbiosis between thesetwo paradigms. On the one hand, it is essential to improve industrial processes and increase their efficiency to ensure competitiveness
and, on the other hand, it is urgent the creation of human-centric, resilient and sustainable systems that are able to respond to the current
societal problems, in order to provide better quality of life for future generations.
25

Abstract

Urban Planning

Architecture

Current Status of Underwater Space Utilization and Challenges to Contributeto a Sustainable Society

A Study on Planning of Sustainable Floating Architecture outside a Bay
Utilizing Submerged Breakwater Reef that Sequesters CO2

Yusuke Ura, Ocean Programs, Emerging Frontiers Division, Shimizu Corporation
Ikuo Yoshida, Ocean Programs, Emerging Frontiers Division, Shimizu Corporation
Tomomi Kanemitsu, Ocean Programs, Emerging Frontiers Division, Shimizu Corporation
Donghee Ko, Ocean Programs, Emerging Frontiers Division, Shimizu Corporation

Sang wook Pak, Korea Ocean Space & Settlement Co., Ltd.,
Han-Seok Lee, Korea Maritime and Ocean University

The range of human activity has reached approximately the entire land area, leaving little space for development. The outward
expansion of human activities has been increasing, and there are attempts to expand the range of human activities to the moon andMars. In the oceans, floating structures have been widely used as a solution to land expansion and sea level rise in coastal areas.
Still, there has been no notable development in underwater space, except for a few experimental facilities built in the 1960s to
1970s.
On the other hand, there have been many ideas on the possibilities of using underwater space to realize a sustainable society. Basedon pure scientific research, these include the development of seabed and in-water resources, the utilization of deep-sea organisms,
and the production of soft materials under extreme environments. Some are based on current social needs, such as renewableenergy, food, water, and carbon removal, while others are niche markets, such as highly energy-efficient and stable underwater data
centers and leisure/tourism facilities.
This paper first reviews the progress of underwater space utilization to date. Literature surveys are conducted on the applications,installation environments, and structure of the undersea facilities constructed around the world, then the characteristics are
summarized. Next, the ideas proposed for the utilization of undersea space are summarized. Based on these results, the applicabilityof underwater space to current technology and societal needs is discussed from the perspective of contributing to a sustainable
society and summarized as issues to be addressed.

Sustainability goals in developing coastal projects are often missing of carbon neutrality in them or misleading carbon offsetting scheme to merely justify their short-term economic gains,regardless of the timely necessary establishment of carbon-sinks following the below 2-degree Celsius objective of Paris Agreement of United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change.
As a carbon reduction-inspired oceanic and coastal adaptation strategy on nearshore continental shelf, we plan multiple floating architectures positioned in the middle of each articulated
bathymetry that shoals waves across artificial and submerged reef. In this study, we present a coastal development plan with both floating architectures and submerged artificial reefs atoll-ing
sites and permanently sequestrating in-situ aqueous carbon dioxide.
A floating architecture with 100 meter-diameter is moored at the submerged atoll that covers seabed from 500 and 700 meter in inner- and outer-diameter, respectively. Individual caisson blocksof submerged breakwater are stockpiled on the seabed, deforming its profile prone to significantly shoal the maximum waves across the ridge top.
Each breakwater caisson utilizes in-situ aqueous carbonate and calcium ions in the seawater to acquire precipitated and crystalized calcium carbonate inside. Clean ocean energy of wind andwave generation provides required energy to the site. Sustainable techniques and technologies applicable for design, construction, installation, operation and decommission of the architecturesand sites are considered.
Candidate locations of such floating city are found plain nearshore following the East Coast of Korean peninsula over the water depth ranged between 40 and 50 meter. The stack of floatingarchitecture exposed to environmental forcings of seasonal storm wind and storm-induced rolling waves is considered for its optimal shape and structural design to satisfy certain engineering levels.
The nature of floating city incorporates its capability to be raised following the long-term sea level rise with its adapted bathymetric profile. To present a carbon reducing coastal development
plan that includes modular spatial design and utilization strategy on in-situ materials of ocean, we define the design considerations of a floating architecture surrounded by ex-situ calcium
carbonate barrier reef that sequesters CO2 from the ocean.
Keywords: Floating Architecture, Submerged breakwater, Below 2-degree Celsius strategy, Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS), Climate Adaptation, Ocean space settlement

Architecture

Architecture

A Performance-Based Design Framework for Floating Architecture. Trade-offs andcorrelations between requirements for multiple criteria decision making optimization.

Stochastic Response Evaluation for Random Wind and Wave Actions ofModule-Linked Floating Structures with a Wind Turbine

Livia Calcagni, Department of Panning, Design and Technology of Architecture, Sapienza University of Rome / Department for Digital Architecture and Planning, Technical University Vienna
Defne Sunguroglu Hensel, Professorship for Green Technologies Landscape Architecture, Technical University of Munich
Michael Hense, Department for Digital Architecture and Planning, Technical University Vienna
Alessandra Battisti, Department of Panning, Design and Technology of Architecture, Sapienza University of Rome

Ken-ichi Fujita, Nagsaki Institute of Applied Science
Harumi Yashiro, National Defense Academy of Japan

Most of the largest cities in the world are located in areas that are vulnerable to coastal erosion and flooding, both linked to climate change and rising sea
levels. Nevertheless, more and more people are moving to these vulnerable areas, as coastal cities keep growing. Considering the urgency of safeguarding
ecological systems and designing healthy, sustainable and climate-proof models of urban development, the research focuses on floating urban clusters as plug-in
extensions of coastal cities. The paper illustrates the structural, technological, morphological, functional, economic, managerial, and environmental requirementsthat make up the Performance Based Design Framework (PBDF) specifically tailored for floating architecture. The PBDF is conceived as a meta-design tool, afirst step towards the development of a decision support system for advancing multiple criteria decision making for floating architecture. As it is expected thatfloating urban development is mostly likely to take place as extension of coastal areas, the needs and design criteria are definitely more similar to those of theurban environment than to those of the offshore or naval industry. Therefor, the identification and categorization of performance requirements takes the urbanarchitectural prescriptive and performance-based norms as the starting point, taking the missing aspects from the offshore and shipping regulatory frameworks.
This study is carried out through an evidence-based assessment of performance guidelines and regulatory systems that are effective in different countries
around the world. The PBDF is further integrated, weighted and validated through a case study analysis in order to merge as much as possible theory andpractice. Ultimately the paper outlines the trade-offs and correlations between different performance requirements through logical argumentation methods,
supported by literature. This is essential for the development of a Decision Support System (DSS) conceived to guide the user (architect, urban planner, policy
maker) through the multiple criteria decision making process, emphasizing the logical interaction between the different potential choices. The DSS is meant for
the identification of different scenarios and consequent optimal decisions in the presence of trade-offs between two or more conflicting requirements.
Overall, this paper highlights how floating architecture and floating urban development of coastal cities is not only a viable adaptation measure to the
problem of rising sea levels, but especially a practical and feasible solution to energy self sufficiency from renewable sources, food autonomy, decarbonization,
sustainable urbanization and urban health, in line with Blue Economy principles and the Agenda 2030.
26

Abstract

Module-linked floating structure is constructed by linking multiple module by connectors. In case detachable joint system such as mechanical joint isused to connectors, shape, scale and arrangement of the structure can be easily varied and it can be to replace of deteriorated or damaged modules.
Moreover, independent function such as living, transportation terminal and power generation can be applied to each module. Floating structures
such as module linked type may be preferable for long-term use as a sustainable structure.
In the planning and design of offshore floating structures, evaluating the structural strength, motion characteristics and habitability for wave actions
is important. Especially, for module-linked system, selection of connector system appropriately is necessary because dynamic response of the global
system for wave loads becomes independent and discrete behavior of each module because of connectors between modules. However, when windturbines are introduced on floating structure, the evaluation for wind is also required.
In this study, an evaluation method of hydroelastic behavior of module-linked floating structures with a wind turbine module is presented. The
hydroelastic behavior of the structure is analyzed by using stationary random vibration theory and wet-mode superposition method. The motionof irregular wave and variable wind speed are assumed to follow to an ergodic process with mean value zero. In the hydroelastic analysis, thefloating structure is discretized by finite element (FE), whereas the seawater region is discretized by boundary element (BE). In this study, only the
structure and sweater interface is discretized by BE because Green function satisfies Laplace equation, free surface condition, seabed condition andSommerfeld’s radiation condition is used. The both elements are combined on the interface. In addition, float is modeled by plate and discretized byquadratic elements, wind turbine and connectors between modules are modeled by beam. The seawater region is discretized by quadratic elements.
In numerical example, the stochastic hydroelastic response for random wind and waves of barge types module-linked floating structure with a windturbine using a presented method is shown. Moreover, variation of hydroelastic response of the floating structure by difference of location of a windturbine module in the structure is discussed.
27

Abstract

Architecture

Architecture

A Design Proposal of Floating Leisure and Culture Facilities
in Saemangeum Area.

"SeaSurveyor": An Innovative Floating Solution for Establishing Marine
Protection Areas in Shallow International Waters

Changho Moon, Professor Emeritus, Kunsan National University / CEO, Balance Architecture

Joerg Baumeister, SeaCities Lab, Cities Research Institute, Griffith University
Atiria Morrison, SeaCities Lab, Cities Research Institute, Griffith University

The aim of this study is to propose the floating leisure and culture facilities in Saemanguem area, the southwest part of Korean
Peninsula, which has been reclaimed by long seawall(33.9km) as a national mega project since 1991. The project area(409km2)
under reclaiming has land(291km2, 71%) and lake(118km2, 29%) together. Smart and green waterfront city of international
cooperation area together with industry-research area, agro-bio area, leisure-tourism area and hinterland city and other facilities isgoing to be developed in the area. Existing adjacent city, Gunsan city, has not enough leisure and culture facilities. And near islands
in beautiful archipelago(Gogunsangundo Islands) have been connected with main land by bridges and visitors are highly increased
for tourism. Therefore development of leisure and culture facilities is needed in Saemanguem area. Considering the advantagesof floating architecture such as budget reduction & minimization of environment destruction from the artificial reclaiming andresponding to climate change, the required facilities can be built on the lake. Inland water space in Saemanguem area is best place
for floating architecture due to calm water surrounded by seawall. And also differentiated signature building only in Saemanguem
lake could be realized through floating architecture concepts. In this conference, some ideas of architectural plan drawings andimages based on floating solution are to be suggested and discussed.

An interdisciplinary team of aquatects comprising of architects, marine engineers, structural engineers, and marine biologists have created an innovative semi-submersible and modular floating platform system that separates buoyancy from the structural form.
The new floating platform system offers several advantages over heavy, bulky, and material-consuming traditional platforms, including its rigidity through a space framework and the buoyancy bodies in the space in between, improved transportability,
faster assembly on land or at sea, unlimited expandability, reduced wave contact, and adjustable height. The efficient use of affordable marine materials like HDPE in its serial and flexible construction method also results in cost-effective and lowmaintenance solutions.
The feasibility of the new platform design was confirmed through comprehensive digital simulations and a patent has been granted. The current model has a size of 110m x 75m and will be showcased at the Floating Solutions Conference 2023 withaccompanying technical drawings, simulations, and visualizations. The next steps include physical simulations in a wave flume to finalize the design, the creation of a physical prototype, and eventually, the production and implementation of the modules.
The modular design allows for flexibility in terms of size, stability, and seaworthiness, whether it is anchored or a free-floating geostationary platform. The platform also has the capability to produce fresh water, energy and food through aquaculture,
which can be especially beneficial in situations where the distance to land-based infrastructure increases costs.
We named the structure "SeaBase" as it serves as the Base for various functions on the Sea. The following scenarios are a few examples of the versatile and almost limitless range of applications: The SeaBase can be used as an "Energy Platform" tocapture renewable marine energy from wind, sun, currents, and waves, along with energy storage facilities such as hydrogen plants.
The SeaBase can also provide space for the creation of peaceful communities beyond Exclusive Economic Zones for "Seasteading" or near islands that are at risk from rising sea levels. As a floating base, it can attract economically driven activities such as
deep-sea research and mining, promote the development of floating centers for companies specializing in aquaculture (which is 3-10 times more efficient than traditional agriculture), and establish floating container ports along maritime trade routes.
SeaBase can also serve as an autonomous platform of "Floating Blue Helmets" for unmanned UN peacekeeping efforts such as remote surveillance and protection of boundaries within Exclusive Economic Zones and marine areas established by theUnited Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea to safeguard and preserve international waters.
The SeaBase platform aligns with several sustainable development goals outlined by the UN, including supporting the evolution of aquatecture for zero-hunger (goal 2), promoting good health and well-being (goal 3), and fostering responsible
consumption and production (goal 12). Its use as an energy platform for clean, affordable energy aligns with goals 7 and 9, while its potential for communities in floating sustainable cities aligns with goal 11.
Additionally, the structure's design allows for the colonization of marine environments (goal 14) and emphasizes the importance of partnerships for achieving these goals (goal 17) which is one of the reasons for our participation at this Floating Solutions
2023 conference.

Architecture

Architecture

From Floating Architecture to Seaside Landscape. The case of the Island ofRoses.

An Innovative Design Concept of Modular Pneumatic
Floating Platforms

Massimo Angrilli, Università Gabriele d’Annunzio

Toshio Nakajima, Waterfront Real Estate Co., Ltd., Kobe
Motoko Imai, Chodai Co.,Ltd. Tokyo

The paper deals with the formation of the Adriatic conurbation by reinterpreting the development of mass tourism starting from thefirst forms of exploitation of the sea, such as floating platforms and piers suspended over the sea. The historical analysis starts fromthe so-called invention of the sea (Alain Corbin), which for the Italian Adriatic coast dates back to the 18th century and from the use ofmarine waters as medical therapy. The first forms of marine architecture are described, such as the bathing establishments of Riminiand the floating platforms of Trieste, but also the equipped piers of Lignano Sabbiadoro, to then reach the Fascist era with the boom ofmarine colonies, complexes built on the coast for health purposes. Among the cases described, one in particular, the so-called "Islandof Roses" of Rimini assumes particular importance for the purposes of the conference. The Island of Roses was the name of a 400 m²
artificial platform that was located on the Adriatic Sea, 11,612 meters from the coast, between Rimini and Bellaria-Igea Marina, 500
meters off the Italian territorial waters. Conceived and designed by engineer Giorgio Rosa in 1958 and completed in 1967, on 1st May
1968 it declared itself an independent state. Although it gave itself an official language (Esperanto), a government, a currency, and a
postage stamp, it was never formally recognized by any country in the world as an independent nation (see Netflix movie “The Real
Story of Rose Island”).
The paper continues by describing the identity and the landscape of the cities of the Adriatic coast, in which the contexts of thewaterfronts are affected by settlement pressures due to the intense tourist uses. The paper concludes with the description of therecent experience of the "Parco del Mare" in Rimini. The city, protagonist of mass seaside tourism in the last 50 years, has planned a
process of rethinking its tourist image and has started the transformation of 15 km of seafront, eliminating the driveway and replacing
it with cycle paths, pedestrian walkways, green spaces and sports equipment. The basic idea envisages an urban park developed on asingle surface capable of creating continuity between the plot of public spaces, the seafront building and the beach.
28

Abstract

Yoshihiko Yamashita, Waterfront Real Estate Co., Ltd., Tokyo
Yuuki Yamashita, Chodai Co.,Ltd. Tokyo

So-called Mega-Float structure is constructed by connecting many small barge type floating units by welding. However, a very large
floating platform (VLFP) of barge type like Mega-Float has a structural flaw, such as slamming in rough waves. In order to avoid
collapse due to the slamming force acting on the bottom of the VLFP, it has been proposed that the movable joints such as hinges
are used for connecting barge type or semi-submersible type units. Though the safety of a VLPF having hinges is ensured even inrough waves, it may not be suitable for a floating airport or a floating city since it deforms due to the movable joints.
This paper presents an innovative design concept of the pneumatic floating structure that can be used for a VLFP like floating city
as it can reduce rocking in rough waves and reduce tilting caused by strong winds as well. Each pneumatic floating module has anopen bottom and is surrounded by a horizontal top wall and side walls extending downward from a peripheral edge of the top wall.
The rigid connection unit such as 3D truss beam connect adjacent floating modules in which the open space can be used for housing
lifeline.
The pneumatic floating modules control their buoyant force by adding or reducing inner air pressure so that they can cope withvariable loadings on the modules. Accordingly, any buildings having different weights can be built on a floating platform without
the stress differences between 3D beams connecting floating modules. The modules can be disconnected and moved to anotherplace for reuse or added to cope with new demand in a sustainable manner. Experimental studies conducted in a wave tank at the
University of Tokyo are presented as well for the confirmation of seakeeping characteristics of the proposed pneumatic floating
platform.

29

Abstract

Abstract

Architecture

Technology / Innovation

Multi-body analysis of modular floating islands: optimisation of connector
stiffness

Experimental investigation for ship motion coupling internal
sloshing under wave actions

Sergej Antonello Sirigu, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Torino
Vincenzo Boccanfuso, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Torino
Fabio Carapellese, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Torino

Sheng-chao JIANG, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology
Pei-wen CONG, State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology
Qian GU, , State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology
Yun-he WANG, State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology
Hao LIU, State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology
Yin YIN, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology
Zi-hao WANG, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology
Ya-qing RAN, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology

The work presented in this paper focuses on the optimisation of the connection stiffness of modular floating islands. The connection
system is described by an equivalent system consisting of linear springs whose stiffness is the objective of optimisation. A rigid-bodyflexible-connector approach to the problem is assumed and therefore the deformations are concentrated on the connections. The
aim is to find an optimal spring stiffness solution that is compliant with dynamic constraints of human comfort and that minimises
the loads acting on the connections. Acceptable human comfort values of accelerations and displacements, required by structures
for residential purposes, pose new and unique challenges for the design of modular floating islands (MFIs) and plays a significant
role in the design feasibility. The system has been simulated both in regular and irregular waves.

The coupling sloshing action of a three-dimensional FLNG-type barges with three partially-filled prismatic tanks is analyzed according
to the experimental measurement and potential flow simulation methods. According to the observations in laboratory tests, theinternal sloshing flow is able to generate the restoring and overturning moments at low- and high-filling conditions, respectively,
leading to the resistant and enhanced effects on the ship rolling responses. Potential flow model can perform the quantitative
analysis for the influence of sloshing flow action on ship motion natural periods. The negative sloshing-induced restoring matrix
is the major reason for the increase of ship motion natural periods when considering the internal sloshing flow action. With theincrease of filling depth, the ship motion natural period decreases at low-filling conditions because the sloshing-induced added
mass decreases. As for high-filling depth, the increased filling depth can increase the rolling M44 and decrease the restoring force
coefficients at high-filling conditions, leading to the decrease of ship motion natural period. In sum, the coupling sloshing action
shows the opposite behavior on ship roll motion responses between low- and high-filling conditions in this study.

Technology / Innovation

Technology / Innovation

The Evolving of Floating Shipyard and its Leagile Operation.

Experimental Study of Free-surface Profiles of an Aircushion-type Floating
Platform with a Moonpool.

Ahmed Samir Ghowel, International Maritime Industrial

The Floating Shipyard [F-Yard] is still an idea that different entities try to puzzle out before actual investment occurs. In this Paper, theauthor evolves this idea to the next level with the Korean research team that is an expert in floating structures. The model arrangement
and its main components will be illustrated in a 3D model. The main parts of it are the floodable Light Modular Causeway Sections-LCWS,
which was initially invented by the army for a wet gap crossing, and then developed as a floating platform. And the other component
is a heavy lift vessel or self-propelled floating dock for resource optimization. Along with these mains, using economic technologies isessential for adding value to the operation stream and overcoming the challenges like space, supply chain, and environment.
A unique and tailored operation method is vital for F-Yard, that in return, works as the main engine for running it. This operation
methodology seeks excellency and the pursuit of perfection in all aspects, like a hybrid of Lean and Agile in a Leagile methodology in
the Supply chain & Operation Planning (S&OP), which plays a significant role in the tactical decisions for the uncertain scope of repair.
Another is ensuring a robust supply chain, like the Early Supplier Involvement (ESI) is energetic to overcome the high percentage of
unforeseen scop. This strengthens the principle of Just In Information (JII) rather than a physical warehouse. Along with the 3D printer.
The IoT and digital twin are essential in resource optimization and project control.
Eventually, the author believes F-Yard is a solution for Green Shipyards that, in return, serve sustainability and decarbonization as it
seeks to have an environmental impact for both energy use and pollution of null to allow it works in different countries. Aside from that,
it is a way out for developing countries to unify their resources through one solution in such an economic climate condition.

Yining He, Business Strategy Promotion Division, Chodai Corporation Limited
Shinichiro Hirabayashi, The University of Tokyo
Shigeru Tabeta, The University of Tokyo
Yuuki Yamashita, Business Strategy Promotion Division, Chodai Corporation Limited.
Motoko Imai, Business Strategy Promotion Division, Chodai Corporation Limited.

A new type of floating platform supported by aircushion units is studied by experimental tests. The platform consists of six
hexahedron aircushion units encircling a moonpool in the central. The side walls of aircushion units are extended in to the waterand the bottom of aircushion is entirely open to the water.
Three kinds of floating platform models, full-aircushion-type platform, full-barge-type platform and mixed-type platform, each ofwhich has the same shape are tested in regular wave conditions.
The free-surface elevation inside the aircushion chambers and moonpool are also measured simultaneously as well as the motion
responses of the models. The motion responses and the free-surface profile are analyzed in this paper. The results show thatthe motion behaviors of the hexagonal aircushion-type platform are better than those of the barge-type platform in short wave
conditions, while behaviors in long wavelength are almost the same. Moreover, the amplitudes and profiles of free-surface elevationof the front aircushion, moonpool and rear aircushion are different depending on the types of platforms and the wavelength
conditions.

This Paper discussed the evolution of a Floating Shipyard and its proper operation approach to achieve its economic outcome through acase study that elaborates on the technical and financial feasibility of the proposal.
30

31

Abstract

Technology / Innovation

Technology / Innovation

A Systematic Methodological Routine for Analyzing Numerical Analysis Results:
Tools for Parametric Design Routines of Floating Structures

Significant wave run-up for large offshore structures due to tertiary
interactions

Lee Gafter, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology/ The interuniversity Institute of Marine Sciences
Roy Gafter, Coastal and Marine Engineering Research InstituteWenhua Zhao, The University of Western Australia

Modern design processes of offshore and floating structures involve an increasingly large number of numerical analysis routines. The amount and complexity ofthese routines, inflates in cases where First-Principal Design approaches are incorporated, and preliminary designs are proposed in high uncertainty conditions.
While computerized design tools solve the mathematical model of the physical system efficiently, they offer limited post-processing and comparative tools fortheir outputs. In many cases, designers visually inspect the effects of correlating parameters on the structure using tables, linear diagrams, and color mappings.
The choice of parameters to be compared is often arbitrary, based on the designer’s subjective experience, and on preliminary assumptions regarding featuresthat may influence the system. The process of reviewing the results, and drawing conclusions from them, is still a major bottle-neck in floating structures design.
This fairly heuristic method has several limitations that impede the reliability of conclusions drawn. Unfamiliarity with advanced visualization tools leads to low
intelligibility of diagrams and tables, forcing designers to estimate features one at a time- instead of as interacting components of a dynamic system. The useof erroneous visualization techniques influences the choice of parameters held constant, binning methods, and projection field analyzed. Even in cases where
designers choose the correct visualization tools, the process still remains tedious and time consuming. Moreover, it is not consistent or replicable, since it often
relies on non-methodical decision-making rules.
Our work offers a systematic methodology, based on statistical guidelines, adapted for the design of floating structures. The methodology includes the following
steps: (a) An agile and flexible wrangling and preprocessing scheme for the computerized analyses outputs; (b) A guide for choosing the correct visualization
tools for the preliminary inspection of the results; (c) A set of ‘red-flags’ and trend detection tools for enhanced post-processing analysis; (d) A toolbox ofanalytic procedures for the comparative analysis of the results; (e) Guidelines for avoiding common pitfalls and biases in the process of eliminating designs andchoosing the correct parameters for later stages; and, (f) An overview of reporting standards that enhances quality assurance and replicability. The use of suchmethods is crucial in all stages of engineering design processes, from concept and preliminary stages to advanced stages of detailed design and optimization. We
demonstrate the routine by applying it on a Boundary-Element routine of a new concept of VLFS, and present our agile code package for the procedure.

Large offshore structures become more and more popular, e.g. floating cities, floating airport and breakwaters. These offshore
structures will experience large wave loading. It has been engineering practice to consider the linear wave-structure interactions
and sometimes second-order nonlinearities, for the design of the offshore structures.
Recently, it has been found that the wave surface elevations could be amplified up to 5 times the amplitude of the incident waves
for large offshore structures. This has been demonstrated to be a tertiary effect using experiments with regular waves (Molin etal 2005) and could occur even in unidirectional random waves (Zhao et al. 2019). This is an important observation only for thescientific research, but also for engineering practice.
In this study, we will present demonstrate this phenomenon using simple regular wave testing results, and then focus on theheading effects of the floating structures and the effects of directional spreading, which is more realistic sea state.

Technology / Innovation

Technology / Innovation

Floating Environmental Deck Structures Design Construction Challenges

Effects of a Moonpool on Steady Wave Drifting Forceson a Floating Pontoon

Er Colin Yip, Woh Hup Private Limited
Kyaw Myint Lay, Ellen Engineering Pte Ltd,Tan Li Hong, Keppel Land (Singapore) Pte Ltd,Chi Trung Tran, Building and Construction Authority of Singapore
Vincent Mouillé, Marine Technology Construction Pte Ltd

Tomoki Ikoma, Nihon University
Yasuhiro Aida, Nihon University

Near shore floating structures allow marine spaces to be used for social purposes in urban and industrial areas as well as ininfrastructure development. Although near shore floating structure technology is well-established, such structures are largely
developed using steel or FRP composite material. In contrast, post-tensioning and reinforced concrete are extensively used forindustrial and infrastructural applications, such as deep offshore marine and coastal protection structures.
This presentation shall discuss the environmental impact, design and construction challenges of Singapore's first floating concrete
environmental structures. It shall also highlight the advantages of these structures and the various possible applications.
The presentation is expected to promote understanding of how floating structures using structural post-tensioned concrete in any
desired direction can resist stress from heavy and complex loads.
Knowing how these structures work is increasingly crucial given their cost, durability and sustainability, as well as the need toinnovate in the use of structural concrete in marine environments.
Overall, the presentation of Singapore's First Residential Floating environmental deck aims to provide innovative technology forcoastal nearshore development which adapts to sea level rise to address land shortages and the threat of climate change is expected
to contribute to the development of floating structure development in Singapore.

32

Abstract

Kento Suzuki, Nihon University
Koichi Masuda, Nihon University

In order to understand the effect of the moonpool on the wave drift forces acting on the floating body, the water surface
fluctuations and steady wave drift forces in and around themoonpool were calculated using an 8-node quadratic isoparametricelement hybrid-type boundary element method that solves the external region using the eigenfunction expansion method and theinternal region near the floating body using the boundary element method. The influence of the moonpool on the wave drift forces
acting on the floating body is discussed from the results. From the results of the near-field method calculations, the frequency bands
in which the wave drifting force increases and those in which it is reduced by the moonpool are shown, indicating that the run-up
term has a large influence among the terms that make up the wave drifting force. The water level fluctuation results show that thewater level difference between the front and back of the floating body is large in the frequency band where the wave drifting force
increases, and that the water level difference between the front and back of the floating body is small in the frequency band where
the wave drifting force is reduced. From these results, it is concluded that the wave drift force fluctuations acting on a pontoon-type
floating structure with a moon pool are greatly influenced by the difference in water levels before and after the floating structure,and that the wave drift force reduction is caused by the forces canceling each other out before and after the floating structure.

33

Abstract

Technology / Innovation

Food & Others

Hydroelastic Responses of Very Large Floating Structures in Damage
conditions

Recent Developments in Offshore Fish Pens

Chuanshan Luo, Nanjing University of Science and Technology
Dongqi Jiang, Nanjing University of Science and Technology

C.M. Wang, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland
Y.I. Chu, School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University
J. Baumeister, School of Engineering and Built Environment
H. Zhang, School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University

Due to the scarcity of land space and resources, very large floating structures (VLFS) has been proposed to utilize marine resources,
which has a wide range of application prospects, including floating airports, floating bridges, floating farms, etc. In reality, in-service
damages may occur in offshore platforms and potential floating structures because of long-term erosion by seawater and wave
actions. Existing research studies on hydroelasticity mainly focus on intact VLFS, while hydroelastic responses of VLFS in damage
conditions are rarely investigated. This paper performs hydroelastic analyses on damaged VLFS to evaluate dynamic motions andstructural stresses induced by wave actions. Mathematical formulation for the hydroelastic analysis is briefly introduced and hybrid
finite element method (FEM) – boundary element methods (BEM) python code is developed accordingly, in which the damage
condition is tentatively modeled with stiffness reduction method, torsion spring method and additional flexibility matrix method.
Critical parameters are selected to assess the performances of VLFS in damage conditions, including crack depth, stiffness reduction
coefficient, torsional spring rate, etc. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is verified by comparing with test results inexisting literature and sophisticated models developed with commercial software. Research outcome indicates that the degree ofdamage conditions significantly affects the dynamic responses of VLFS. The deflection profile may vary and structural stresses will
increase with the distribution of damages, which should be handled with caution in the design.

Offshore fish farming has its environmental challenges (deep water, unknown seabed condition, exposure to harsh environmentof strong waves, current and wind, uncertain environment for fish welfare and growth), operational challenges (difficult working
environment for workers due to the strong waves, vessel collision with fish pens, larger marine animal invasion; expensive
infrastructure for offshore fish farming such as utility vessels, power supply; lack of evidence of economic sustainability for
operations including material selection) and design challenges (lack of experience in designing mega/submerged offshore fish pens,lack of standardized and comprehensive design guidelines/codes). Nevertheless, it is gaining traction for more sustainable and highquality fish production due to larger water space, better water quality, stronger water dynamics and deeper water to dilute waste
and avoid coastal ecosystem degradation often seen in nearshore fish farms.

Technology / Innovation

Food & Others

Using interter for offshore floating platform vibration control

Numerical Simulation of the Three-Dimensional Sloshing and Internal Free
Surface Oscillation Control in a Closed Fish Tank Using the Particle Method

Kaiming Bi, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Ruisheng Ma, Beijing University of Technology
Hong Hao, Guangzhou University

Offshore floating platforms (OFPs) are widely used in the offshore industry for oil exploration adnexploitation. Harsh environmentalloads such as wind and sea wave may induce excessive vibrations to OFPs and endanger their safety. Inerter, which can produce a
considerable apparent mass that is much larger than its physical mass through an amplifying mechanism by translating the linear
motion into high-speed rotational motion, has been adopted for structural vibration control recently. The authors proposed using
ineter for OFP vibration control. This paper will summarize the corresponding research works carried out by the authors in this area.
In particular, analytical and experimental studies will be reported in detail.

34

Abstract

Recently, many offshore fish pen design concepts have been proposed and some have been built over the last few years. Owing
to the high energetic offshore environment and deep water, two design philosophies for offshore fish pens have emerged. One
design philosophy is to make the fish pen very large and robust to be able to withstand the strong waves, currents and winds. The
other design philosophy is to submerge the fish pen to an appropriate water depth to move away from the strong surface waves,especially during extreme storms. This paper will present various offshore fish pens that have been built as well as newly proposed
conceptual designs that are based on these two design philosophies. Also, key observations on offshore fish pen developments will
be highlighted.

Shuchuang Dong, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo
Huaizhi Zhao, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
Jinxin Zhou, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo
Qiao Li, Division of Systems Research, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University
Daisuke Kitazawa, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo

An ambitious aim of aquaculturists is to mitigate the impact of aquaculture on the marine environment, in order to achieve
an environmentally sustainable marine aquaculture system. In terms of the ecological preservation of the marine aquaculture
environment, closed fish cages have attracted more and more attention. In this study, a simulation of the closed fish cage tanksloshing using the three-dimensional particle method is introduced. First, the accuracy validation of the sloshing of a rectangulartank was done through comparison with the results from the previous experiments. Then, we investigated the three-dimensional
sloshing characteristics of free water inside a cylindrical closed fish cage. In the numerical simulation, the inhibitory effects of thehorizontal plate and netting panel on free water sloshing were also examined, respectively. It is found that the swirling phenomenon
in the closed fish cage tank was confirmed in the first mode and the second mode. When the external excitation period was equal
to the natural period of the first mode, the rotational motion of the internal free water surface was more obvious, and the positionof the highest water surface level was at the side wall. When the external excitation period was equal to the natural period of thesecond mode, the position of the highest water surface level was at the distance of 1/3 from the center of the cage to the wall. It
was observed that the resonance point shifted to the low-frequency side when the horizontal plate was placed. Regarding the flow
velocity distribution, it was found that when the restraining plate was installed, the movement of the fluid was mainly limited to
the vicinity of the water surface and the bottom of the cage, and most of the fluid did not move much from the depth of the waterwhere the horizontal plate was located. In addition, under the condition of setting netting panels in the closed fish cage, it wasobserved that the run-up height of the water was also significantly reduced. In the future, we will explore the influence of water
inflow and outflow on the flow velocity distribution inside the fish cage.
35

Abstract

Food & Others

Food & Others

Impacts of sessile organisms attached to artificial floating structures on thesurrounding environment: review and update in Tokyo Bay

Survey on the Management of Marine Tourism in Zamami Village, Okinawa,Japan

Jinxin Zhou, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo
Daisuke Kitazawa, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo
Yuki Hayakawa, Ocean Development, Frontier Business, Shimizu Corporation
Ikuo Yoshida, Ocean Development, Frontier Business, Shimizu Corporation
Kotaro Tabata, Sanyo Techno Marine,Inc.
Kuniaki Okumura, Sanyo Techno Marine,Inc.

Isei Ran, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
Xiaobo Lou, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology

The surface of artificial structures such as offshore wind turbines and very large floating structures provide habitats for sessileorganisms. Particularly, floating structures, which have the bottom surface, provide larger habitat for sessile organisms than theother structures. When the artificial structures are constructed in the sea, biofilm appears on their surface and then animals suchas blue mussels and barnacles attach to them. These animals grow by filtering suspended organic particles, consuming oxygen andreleasing waste in the surrounding water. The sessile organisms accumulate as they grow but eventually fall to the seabed due totheir own weight and hydrodynamic force. Since these processes affect the surrounding environment, it is indispensable to evaluate
the impacts before construction of artificial structures. Moreover, these impacts can vary depending on the specific organisms, thestructure, and the location. However, it is not clear to what extent scientific investigations have been carried out for this problem.
The purpose of the present study is to investigate the existing scientific papers to elucidate the environmental impacts of sessileorganisms attached to artificial structures. As a result of the investigation, the impacts of sessile organisms on the surrounding water
quality through filtration of particles, consumption of oxygen, and release of waste have been investigated by field measurement
and numerical simulation. The impacts of the biodepositions of sessile organisms have been investigated for environmental impact
assessment of aquaculture of bivalves. However, the processes of attachment and detachment of sessile organisms to and from
artificial structures have not been examined well. Also, the research on the environmental impacts of sessile organisms that fallto the bottom on the benthic ecosystem. Not only dead sessile organisms but live ones fall to the sea bottom, and the live ones
continue living on the sea bottom. These phenomena should be elucidated scientifically for the comprehensive environmental
impact assessment of artificial structures.

Marine tourism is an important part of the tourism economy, an industry related to traditional fishing, and a different industry.
Marine tourism is a new industry that utilizes marine resources, motivates tourists to travel, and meets the needs of modern people.
However, marine tourism development has invited problems such as ecological destruction, environmental pollution, and lack offacilities. Therefore, we focused on marine tourism management and empirically examined regional management in Zamami Village,
particularly the objective tax policy.
This paper conducted a literature review to collect and analyze data on Zamami Village. In addition, a field survey was conducted tounderstand the environmental problems that have emerged with the development of marine tourism and their countermeasures,
as well as the effects and impacts of regional development policies in Zamami Village and the Churashima Tax as a regional
management strategy. Based on the above, we analyzed the various regional management strategies related to the operation andmanagement of marine tourism, paying particular attention to the Churashima Tax. We have shown the actual conditions andresults of Zamami Village's regional management, verified how such expected effects are functioning in reality through empiricalanalysis of the Churashima Tax in particular, and discussed the issues involved. The results indicated that the village will continue tofulfill its wise regional management in the future.

Food & Others

Food & Others

Conceptual Design and Environmental-Economic Assessment
for An Integrated Ocean-based Climate Solution

Study on the Increase in Annual Maximum Significant Wave Height due to the
Intensification of Typhoons using NOWPHAS Wave Observation Data

Fengjun DUAN, The Canon Institute for Global Studies
Shigeru TABETA, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo

Yusuke Shibuya, Nihon University
Yasuhiro Aida, Nihon University
Tomoki Ikoma, Nihon University

As the impacts and damages caused by global warming become more and more severe, the ocean-based climate solutions are gaining
increasing attention. The typical approaches, such as enhancing the natural carbon sink by preserving and restoring coastal ecosystems,
and utilizing ocean renewable energy to replace fossil fuel consumption, are well examined and taken into practices. However, thenecessary long period for natural process to sequestrate carbon barriers it to be a quick solution. As for the ocean renewable energy,
relative high transmission cost of conventional utilization, in which electricity generated in ocean area is to be transmitted onshore,
becomes the bottle neck of large-scale applications. New approaches including ocean CCS and sea water engineering are studies recently,
but the impact on ocean environment becomes a new concern.
In order to provide an integrated climate solution, this paper proposed a floating system combining ocean energy utilization, offshore
aquaculture, and biological productivity enhancement. The conceptual offshore platform consists of a central semisubmersible floating
structure and multiple barge type ones surrounding. The facilities on the platform include an ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC)
system, and a microalgae processing and fish feed fabrication facility on the central float, a photobioreactor microalgae cultivation systemon the barge floats, and multi fish aquaculture cages under the barge floats. The concept of the whole system is to cultivate microalgae forfeed production, then carry out offshore fish aquaculture, and all the necessary energy will be provided by the OTEC system.
Comprehensive assessments of the assumed applications of the system in different locations from east to southeast Asian Seas were
performed based on the Inclusive Impact Index calculations. Combining the environmental benefits of utilizing ocean renewable energy
and microalgal feed, adding the biological productivity enhancement by deep ocean water, the estimations resulted high performance ofclimate change mitigation. At meanwhile, taking the advantages of using ocean energy and feed replacement, the system could also be
self-sustained economically.
36

Abstract

It has been reported that the annual maximum significant wave height, which is important for the calculation of design waves forlong-term offshore structures, is increasing year by year due to the intensification of meteorological disturbances caused by global
climate change.
Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the type of meteorological disturbance when the annual maximum significant
wave height was observed, and to clarify the causes of the intensification of meteorological disturbances through analysis anddiscussion, based on a reanalysis of wave observation data in Japan up to 2020. Increased annual maximum significant wave heights
were observed at 89% of the wave observation sites on the Pacific side of Honshu. Among these, the meteorological disturbancethat caused the increase in the annual maximum significant wave height was mainly typhoons, especially at the stations locatedsouth of the mouth of the bay, where typhoons sometimes renewed the previous maximum significant wave heights. Analysis of
the RSMC Best Track data showed a decreasing trend in the number of typhoons per year, but an increasing trend in the intensityof individual typhoons. Since typhoons are strongly influenced by sea surface temperatures, the 100-year increase in sea surface
temperatures in the southern Japanese archipelago was compared with the global average and confirmed to be twice the global
average. Therefore, the intensity of typhoons is expected to increase in the long term, and the annual maximum significant wave
height on the Pacific side of Honshu is expected to increase accordingly.

37

Abstract

Food & Others

Low Carbon Energy

Stakeholder Acceptance of Large-Scale Floating Developments: Insights fromSocial Theory and Realized Projects in the Netherlands

Case Studies of SMR Liquefaction for FLNG Applications

Rutger de Graaf-van Dinther, Blue21 / Blue Revolution Foundation
Margo van den Brink, Faculty of Spatial Sciences, University of Groningen
Ina Horlings, Faculty of Spatial Sciences, University of Groningen

We Lin Chan, Newcastle Research and Innovation Institute (NewRIIS), Newcastle University in Singapore
Ivan CK Tam, Newcastle Research and Innovation Institute (NewRIIS), Newcastle University in Singapore
Arun Dev, Newcastle Research and Innovation Institute (NewRIIS), Newcastle University in Singapore

The potential of floating structures to provide climate resilient living space has recently been acknowledged by the United Nations
and the IPCC. The technical feasibility of small-scale floating structures has already been demonstrated in many projects all over theworld. These projects support many different functions such as housing, recreation, and energy production. What is lacking to apply
this technology at a larger scale, are the required integrated governance, technical, social and ecological insights for upscaling, toaddress societal challenges such as land scarcity and climate impacts. These insights are needed to move from ‘proof-of-concept’ to‘proof-of-scale’.
Although the technical challenges of upscaling floating structures have already received attention in the international researchcommunity (e.g. Space@Sea project) and some research results have been published about the ecological impacts recently,
the social aspects and stakeholder acceptance of large-scale floating developments are still considered a knowledge gap in theinternational research literature. This article therefore explores the social conditions that would enable the stakeholder acceptanceof large-scale floating developments.
By a scientific literature review we will investigate which insights and lessons can be derived that influence stakeholder acceptanceof large-scale floating developments. Theoretical frameworks that will be studied include: transition theory, and theories on social
value, community building, resilience and governance. Additionally, we will draw lessons from realized projects in the Netherlands
by expert interviews and discussions of the Thinktank ‘Governance of Floating Cities’. While these projects still have a relatively
small scale, we expect that some of the success factors are also relevant for the upscaling of floating structures. Finally, based on the
results, we will draw up recommendations for future research on this topic.

Recently, global carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere have reached a historically high level, and the marine sector's
emission is one of the contributions. The current effort to change the alternative energy source of LNG (Liquified Natural Gas) fuel is
one of the cleanest fossil fuels due to lower carbon emissions. The world's energy needs for LNG are overgrowing as well,
The LNG marine industry forecasts that the increasing demand for FLNG (Floating liquefied natural gas) vessels will accelerate theresearch on the system process analysis and optimisation of the liquefaction system. The rapid growth in equipment and processesof FLNG development is the response to weight and space limits challenges.
This paper proposed a small-scale liquefaction process with a refrigerant cycle, a single mixed-refrigerant SMR-PRICO process as
an example, using sensitivity analyses of the parameter to get optimisation. In addition, to study the influence of different processparameters on the solution of the optimisation problem. The parameters studied include natural gas supply at different pressure.
The case study model is based on a process model presented by Black & Veatch developed a more straightforward SMR process
called the PRICO process (Aspelund et al., 2010, Xu et al., 2013).

Food & Others

Low Carbon Energy

Hydro-Structural Analysis – Advanced Cross-Structure Calculation for a Rigid
Floating Breakwater Module

Review of recent research and developments on wave energy production

Roy Gafter, Coastal and Marine Engineering Research Institute (CAMERI)
Gil Wang, Coastal and Marine Engineering Research Institute (CAMERI)

In many cases, breakwaters are key components for offshore operations. As a permanent or as a temporal wave protection, theyplay principal role in enabling ocean space utilization by means of offshore floating structures. The current research contributes
to the development of a novel floating breakwater system, constructed entirely from end-of-life large commercial ships – which
are repurposed to this end. To improve the wave attenuation capacity of the floating breakwaters system, twin-hull configuration(two ships, rigidly connected side by side) has been selected as the primary module design. However, while most of the structuralelements in this floating seawall concept consists of decommissioned ships, the cross-structure connection is among one of
the main structural mechanisms designed and constructed outside the circular economy approach. In addition, the complexhydrodynamic loads, and the uniqueness of the floating breakwater system, limits the use of common rule-based design, andcalls for more rigorous first-principal approach and direct calculation. Furthermore, the modularity of the floating breakwater (theability to add sub-structures for additional wave protection) depends largely on the connection design and its capacity to endure its
structural integrity in extreme environmental conditions. The current research focus on the structural aspects presented by theseunique megastructures, and their external cross-structure connections. For the design and evaluation of the rigid connection, we
conducted a combined hydrodynamic-structural analysis for the acquisition of wave loads and evaluation of the structural response.
ANSYS-AQWA, a potential flow solver with Boundary Element Method (BEM), is used for the hydrodynamic analysis, and ANSYSAPDL is used for the structural, Finite-Element (FE), analysis. In addition, a cross-structure connection is designed with accordance toclassification rules – for reference and evaluation. The main objective in this, on-going, study is to evaluate the design of the externalcross-structure and to improve its efficiency. The research will present the complete hydro-structural methodology, obtained results,
and the consequential design.
38

Abstract

Huu Phu Nguyen, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland / Blue Economy CRC
C.M. Wang, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland / Blue Economy CRC
Irene Penesis, Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania / Blue Economy CRC

Covering more than 70% of the Earth’s surface, the ocean has abundant renewable energy resources including solar, wind, wave, tidal, and ocean thermalenergies. Among these aforementioned sources of marine renewable energy, wave energy has a high energy intensity and wave power can be generated
up to 90% of the time which is much higher than 20-30% of the time for offshore wind or solar power [1]. Global wave power within 50 km from the coast is
estimated to provide 18500 TWh (almost equal to the 2009 global electricity consumption [2,3]). Harvesting wave energy can help meet increasing energy
demand due to population and economy growth as well as significantly reduce carbon emissions as compared to traditional energy production from fossil
fuels. Despite great efforts in research and developments on wave energy over the last 50 years, most wave energy device proposals failed to reach thecommercialization stage, and only few wave energy conversion devices are currently in operation as pilot studies such as the Eco-wave power in Gibraltar andIsrael and the Sharp Eagle in China. Early studies show that the levelized cost of electricity generated from ocean waves is a few times higher than that foroffshore wind. This prompted researchers and engineers worldwide to develop more cost-effective solutions for wave energy technologies. This paper aims
to give an overview of recent research and developments on wave energy production. It includes the opportunities and challenges of wave energy sector;
different types of wave energy devices; cost breakdowns for some past wave energy projects; promising solutions for reducing electricity costs and improving
survivability of wave energy devices in storms; recent trials of wave energy devices and integrated systems between wave energy devices and other purpose
marine structures; and methods for modelling the fluid-structure interaction and estimating power production.
[1] L opez, I., Andreu, J., Ceballos, S., Martínez De Alegría, I., Kortabarria, I., 2013. Review of wave energy technologies and the necessary power-equipment.
Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 27, 413–434.
[2] Gunn, K., Stock-Williams, C., 2012. Quantifying the global wave power resource. Renew. Energy 44, 296–304.
[3] IEA, Electricity Consumption, 2020. https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics?country=WORLD&fuel=Energy consumption&indicator=Electricity consumption.
39

Abstract

40

Abstract

Low Carbon Energy

Low Carbon Energy

Innovative modular floating structures for harvesting solar energy in harshmarine environment

A Basic Investigation of Resonance Characteristics of PW-OWC Type WECs

Jian Dai, Department of Built Environment, Oslo Metropolitan University
Zhiyu Jiang, Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Agder
Simone Saettone, CEHINAV, ETSIN, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Antonio Souto-Iglesias, CEHINAV, ETSIN, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

Tomoki Ikoma, CST, Nihon University
Airi Kuwata, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nihon University
Ryuki Miyatake, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nihon University
Yasuhiro Aida, CST, Nihon University		Koichi Masuda, CST, Nihon University,

The use of floating structures for harvesting clean solar energy on water bodies has become popular thanks to the technologicaladvancement that has led to more energy- and cost-efficient photovoltaic panels and the availability and environmental benefitsof large-scale water bodies. Built on the successful experiences of floating solar farms on inland and coastal waters, research anddevelopment activities are now oriented toward floating large-scale solar farms on offshore waters where the space is abundant.
At the same time, harsh environmental conditions make it challenging in almost every aspect of the lifecycle, including thedesign, construction, onsite installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning. This paper presents the conceptual
development of an innovative soft-connected lattice-structured modular floating solar farm for use in open offshore environments.
Technical feasibility assessments involving hydrostatic and hydrodynamic examinations were carried out to ensure that the proposed
concept fulfills the design requirements . Based on these, scaled model tests of both a small array comprising 6 connected standard
floats and a large array of 216 floats were conducted. The experimental study showed that the proposed concept can perform wellunder operational conditions and survive extreme conditions with wave heights above 10 meters.

This paper describes resonance characteristics of water regions of OWC type WEC models installed with projecting-walls, which iscalled as a PW-OWC device. We can easily improve PTO performance of an OWC type WEC device by installing projecting walls on in
front of it. One of the reasons of it is that such as the device can have multi-resonance frequencies. Behaviours of the resonances iscomplex because we can change the resonance characteristic by varying a damping effect which decides a PTO characteristic. The
thing would be that we can easily optimize the characteristic to a sea wave condition. However the resonance characteristics havenot clarified yet. The paper shows the resonance behaviours of OWC and a water region surrounded by the projecting-walls.
The paper adopted two theoretical approaches to predict the resonance characteristic. One is an approximate method in which
a tuned mass damper model with two mass points. Another one is a potential theory based model which can directly take into
account of a damping effect due to PTO in a boundary integral equations of the velocity potentials to be solved. The tuned massdamper model was very convenient to predict motion behaviours of water regions and PTO performances.
The paper shows validation of both calculation approaches by comparing each other. As a result, there were two cases which arethat one was a case with two resonance frequencies and another case had only one resonance because of damper magnitude as
PTO. Besides, the paper considers effects of motions as a floating system.

Low Carbon Energy

Low Carbon
OffshoreWind
Energy/ Low carbon

Floating OTEC Plant – A Design and Coupled Dynamics

Study of the fairlead connections of a prestressed concrete spar platform
supporting a 10 MW floating offshore wind turbine

Ryoya Hisamatsu, Kyushu University
Tomoaki Utsunomiya, Kyushu University

Wichuda Munbua, Graduate School of Urban Innovation, Yokohama National University
Chikako Fujiyama, Graduate School of Urban Innovation, Yokohama National University

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a system that produces clean energy from the temperature differences in the ocean. Its
power production is very stable and is expected to be implemented as a base-load power supply, despite using the natural energy
source. In addition, this energy source would provide an attractive integration with other industries such as an aquaculture withocean nutrient enhancement, desalination, deep seawater cooling and hydrogen production.
A floating OTEC plant is currently in development toward a commercial-scale deployment. The floating plant is configured witha floating platform, mooring system, seawater intake pipe/inlet and discharge pipe/duct. In particular, a Cold Water Pipe (CWP)
is the most challenging component in a commercial scale OTEC. For a 100 MW-scale CWP, the length is 600-1,000 m, and thediameter is over 10 m to transport deep seawater of approximately 200 m3/s. Due to this size, the dynamic coupling between the
floating platform and the mooring is strong. Therefore, we need a coupled analysis and an integrated design method with othercomponents.
On the other hand, the present authors have proposed a 100 MW-net OTEC plantship for Indonesia. In order to reduce the capitalcost, the platform uses a converted pre-owned ship. For the preliminary design of a mooring system and CWP, a coupled dynamic
analysis is performed in this paper. A sensitivity analysis of the dynamic responses of the floating platform and CWP to the design
parameters is also performed. The results are used to discuss the dynamic characteristics and design method for an OTEC floating
plant. We believe that this discussion will be useful for improving the reliability and further development of this floating structure
concept.

This study aims to design the fairlead steel-concrete connections and investigate the fatigue life of a prestressed concrete spar
supporting a 10 MW floating offshore wind turbine. The numerically studied using finite element code COM3 is performed toinvestigate the nonlinear behavior of the concrete structure induced by coupled hydrodynamic and aerodynamic motions of thewind turbine under operation. The dominant case’s tower base forces and mooring tensions are applied to the finite element
model investigating stress-strain localization. Two types of fairlead connections are designed for the finite element model installed
tower connections and applied prestressing forces obtained from the previous study. Finally, the fatigue life estimation of concrete
structure is investigated according to the model code restriction. The analytical results show that the designed fairlead connections
can withstand large tensile forces transfer from mooring lines to the spar concrete. In both types, the fatigue life of concrete under
tension is longer than the restriction. However, for the concrete under compression, the plate-plate model obtains shorter fatigue
life than the prediction of the model code.

41Abstract

Abstract

Offshore Wind / Low Carbon

Offshore Wind / Low Carbon

Influence of concrete material property on the failure mode of steel-concreteconnection under monotonic load

Wave Motion Characteristics of a Low-Rigidity FOWT with a Guy-Wire
Supported Tower and Single-Point Mooring Configuration

Hiroyuki Takashina, Graduate School of Urban Innovation, Yokohama National University
Wichuda Munbua, Graduate School of Urban Innovation, Yokohama National University
Chikako Fujiyama, Graduate School of Urban Innovation, Yokohama National University

Takaya Nagumo, 1OSPL – Ocean Space Planning Laboratory, Dept. of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
Hideyuki Suzuki, 1OSPL – Ocean Space Planning Laboratory, Dept. of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
Hidetaka Houtani, 1OSPL – Ocean Space Planning Laboratory, Dept. of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
Mayuko Takaoka, 1OSPL – Ocean Space Planning Laboratory, Dept. of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
Rodolfo T. Gonçalves, 1OSPL – Ocean Space Planning Laboratory, Dept. of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo

To promote the installation of offshore wind turbines, the method for mass production and design achieving required structuralsafety under offshore environment needs to be considered. This study focuses on concrete material as offshore wind turbine floaterand investigates how the connection between concrete floater and steel tower behaves under the different loading condition using
partial anchoring model. The ordinary portland cement concrete, geopolymer concrete and gravel concrete are examined in thisstudy. Finite Elements (FE) analysis was also conducted with the same condition as experiment, by using software, COM3 which cantrace non-linear behavior of concrete and analysis result was verified by the experimental result.

Offshore Wind / Low Carbon

Offshore Wind / Low Carbon

Numerical Study on Cause and Characteristics of Low-frequency Yaw Motionof a Slack-moored FOWT

A Study on Wave Free Configurations and Motion Responses for AdvancedSPAR Type FOWTs

Tatsuki Kawagishi, Yokohama National University
Jialin Han, Yokohama National University
Motohiko Murai, Yokohama National University

Terasaki Kanato, Graduate of Science and Technology, Nihon University
Ikoma Tomoki, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University
Masuda Koichi, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University
Aida Yasuhiro, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University

Makoto Ota, Yokohama National University
Isami Otaka, Yokohama National University

A loose-moored floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) in irregular waves may experience slow-drift resonances. In fact, in the
Fukushima FOWT demonstration project, the slow-drift resonances were observed not only in a storm but also at relatively calm sea
states. This indicates the necessity of understanding the amplitude of the slow-drift resonances at relatively calm sea states.
Previous studies on slow-drift resonances have explained that slow-drift resonances occur when the long-periods derived fromtwo wave periods in irregular waves are close to the natural periods of a loose-moored floating body. Furthermore, in our previous
study, it has already been found that the slow-drift surge resonance also occurred when the long-period, derived from not only two
but also three wave periods, was close to the surge natural period. This implies that the slow-drift resonances may occur frequently
in irregular waves, and the slow yaw resonance derived from three wave periods also may occur.
In this study, to investigate the amplitude of the slow yaw resonance at relatively calm sea states with the resonance derived fromthree wave periods, numerical simulation on a loose-moored 15 MW FOWT is conducted. The investigation on the occurrence of theslow yaw resonance will provide a deeper insight into the nacelle control of a FOWT and the transfer from a crew transfer vessel (CTV)
to a FOWT and so on.

42

In Japan, because of the depth of the sea, FOWT (Floating Offshore Wind Turbine) is gathering attention to achieve decarbonization in theenergy sector. Commercialization of FOWT is steadily approaching, but one of the challenges is cost. Optiflow is a new type of FOWT designed toreduce cost with two identities: guy-wire supported towers and single-point mooring. However, this type of floater has several points to discuss,such as nonlinear behavior and elastic deformation with the body consisting of thin and extended parts, guy wires, and single-point mooring
behaviors. So, this study focuses on the technical feasibility of the Optiflow concept through wave tank experiments and numerical methods.
The tank experiment was conducted with a 1/60 scale segmented backbone model that applies geometric and elastic similarity rules at thesame time. By wave tank experiments, it was revealed that the motion of Optiflow had nonlinearity to wave height caused by viscous effect andwaveless response at a particular wave period. On the other hand, elastic deformation becomes large in two wave periods, the longer one wascaused by inertial force by rotation, and the relationships between the length of the body and the wave caused the shorter one.
For the numerical method, UTWind was used, which is a turbine-floater-mooring coupling response analysis program developed in OSPL. In thisstudy, the guy-wire tension calculation part was newly developed by considering calculation errors by rotation in UTWind. By comparing theresults of the experiment and UTWind, it was confirmed that the calculation was accurate except for the resonance period. This was because theviscous effect is large when motion is significant, which UTWind can’t consider correctly. Furthermore, by numerical method, it was found thatupwind guy-wire was affected by Pitch and Heave; on the other hand, downwind guy-wire was affected by Pitch and Roll.
For wave angles, by comparing the results with slightly different wave angles, it was found that the bending moment of the lower hull becomesslightly large in a specific wave period. The amplitude of the bending moment significantly changed in response to a small difference in wave
period and wave angle in the short wave period. Additionally, it was revealed that Heave motion differed depending on whether the wave camefrom the front of the floater or behind by comparing the results with different wave angles. These facts are essential for designing FOWT.

Important subject in solving energy problems in Japan is to achive the best mix of energy including renewable energy and atomic
power generation. Wind power seems to be the most promising renewable energy source. However, the land topography ofJapan is not always suitable, so it is important to develop an offshore wind turbine generation system. In particular, improving theseakeeping performance of the supporting floating body of the wind turbine is an important research subject.
Therefore, in the present research, we took up a wave-free float with two-waveless point , clarified the systematic numericalcalculation of its seakeeping performance, and considered its usefulness as a supporting float for offshore wind power generation.

43

Abstract

Offshore Wind / Low Carbon

Offshore Wind / Low Carbon

Development of a Simulation Tool for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines Using
MBDyn

Basic study of barge type floater with large wind turbine system by using
numeral simulation

Tomoaki Utsunomiya, Department of Marine Systems Engineering, Kyushu University
Hisashi Okubo, Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Kyushu University
Hiroto Yamada, Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Kyushu University

Naoki OHBA, Shimizu Corporation Emerging Frontiers Division, Ocean Program Department
Donghee KO, Shimizu Corporation Emerging Frontiers Division, Ocean Program Department
Yusuke URA, Shimizu Corporation Emerging Frontiers Division, Ocean Program Department

For design of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWTs), numerical simulations for a large number of Design Load Cases (DLCs) are
required. Now, several numerical tools have been developed and available, such as Bladed and Orcaflex; however, the number oflicences may limit the efficiency of the analysis. In this paper, we report on the latest progress of the development of a simulation
tool for FOWTs using MBDyn. MBDyn is an open source software of Multi Body Dynamics. We have developed several user-definedmodules that extend MBDyn to be used for dynamic analysis of FOWTs. Using this tool, we will be able to run many simulations
simultaneously without limit of the number of software licences. Several numerical examples will be given as comarison with theresults obtained by ADAMS.

Ocean renewable energy is one of the most important sectors to achieve “Zero emission”. Generally, ocean wind power generation is already developed mainly in the shallow
water area as the bottom fixed (foundation) type. Nowadays, floating offshore wind turbine system (FOWT) is also growing for deeper water. “Spar”, “Barge”, “Semi-submergible”,
and “Tension leg platform” is well known as typical types. Each type is unique and has both merit and demerit.
In this study, we have focused on “Barge type” and done some basic parametric studies based on numerical simulation. Generally, it is mentioned that the “Barge type” hasdifficulty in large motion in waves compared to other typical types.
Based on the above backgrounds, we designed four types of “Large size Barge type” floaters (for 15MW wind turbine) with a combination of naval architecture and civil engineering basis.
Type-1: Simple rectangular type (base for comparison)
Type-2: Rectangular type with moon pool
Type-3: Rectangular type with moon pool and flow channel from internal to external area
Type-4: Revised Type-3, which has some flow path and divided moon pool
The basic design concept is that all floaters are met intact stability criteria mentioned in Japanese government guidelines on the same level. It means all floaters have almost
the same hydrostatic characteristics and can withstand the same environmental conditions (extreme wind, etc.).
To evaluate the motion in waves, we analyzed hydrodynamic characteristics by using numerical simulation (Frequency domain). As a result, different heave characteristics
were identified for each floating type.
As for Type-2 to Type-4, the RAO of heave motion is almost 20-40% reduced at below harmonic wave period range compared to Type-1. This effect is due to the smaller water
plane areas, leading to less hydrostatic damping. However, Type-2 floater has not only a harmonic heave period due to the floater itself but also other harmonic phenomena
due to moonpool piston motion. This phenomenon is drastically reduced with water channels in Type-3 and Type-4.
In conclusion, especially Type-3, Type-4 (and Type-2 in some cases) may be applicable when the site's environmental condition is suitable.

Offshore Wind / Low Carbon

OffshoreChange
ClimateWind / /Low
Disaster
CarbonOverview of FOWT Demo Projects Cost and Analyses of Hull
Design Features

System and Method for Proactive and Reversible Mitigation on Storm/
Hurricane/Typhoon/Cyclone

Glib Ivanov, National Taiwan University
I Jen Hsu, National Taiwan University
Kai Tung Ma, National Taiwan University

Frank Chen, Frank Chen Research Institute

In any industry, many novel concepts are buried in history when no one invests their time and money in them. Those concepts thatmade it through managed to gather attention and persuade the audience, to Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWT). It was doneby successfully completing a demonstration project. TaidaFloat, a new semi-submersible FOWT floater is not the first of its kind, butwith its many slight innovations, it needs to be supported by a demo project. This paper provides data and an in-depth analysis of
how other demo projects were born and what made some of them successful, and ideas for a demo project in Taiwan are proposed.
Furthermore, an example platform is created with a parametric design approach, constraining the floater’s heave and pitch motions.
The problems of scaling down a project to a demo size are shown and dealt with. The floater is designed with local supply chain
capability in mind. Since Taiwan doesn't have many anchor handling tugs of sufficient capacity, a mooring system is designed withline weight reduction as a priority. Summarizing these parts, this paper provides insight into how a demonstration project can be
carried out in Taiwan or locations with similar conditions across Asia-Pacific.

44

Abstract

A system comprising very large floating structures will be used to regulate the water vaporization rate at selected locations on thehurricane/typhoon corridor. Through such placements, the fuel (water moisture) for a tropical storm to gain strength to become ahurricane, for example, can be mitigated so is the storm and the hurricane.
By combining very large surface floating structure technology, bio-engineering technology, and photovoltaic system technology,
green energy, food and carbon neutrality can be addressed.
Principle reasoning, critical scale down data and design models will be presented in this talk.
The author has been notified recently that his PCT patent application has been approved for meeting the novelty, inventive stepand industrial applicability requirements.

45

Abstract

Climate Change / Disaster

Climate Change / Disaster

Amphibious Buildings as a Response to Increasing Flood Risk - European Case Study

Fundamental research on tsunami-resistant design for coastal architecturesconsidering hazard chainsŁukasz Piątek, Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, ul.
Francesca Dal Cin, CIAUD, Research Centre for Architecture, Urbanism and Design, Lisbon School of Architecture, Universidade de Lisboa
Nanma Gireesh, Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft)

Koichi Masuda, CST, Nihon university
Yasuhiro Aida, CST, Nihon university

Tomoki Ikoma, CST, Nihon university

Flood risk in Europe, where high population density is combined with the danger of coastal, river or flash flooding, has increased
over the last five decades, becoming the second biggest cause of losses, both economic and social, caused by extreme events
induced by climate change, as reported by IPCC, 2018, Nowadays, adapting vulnerable urban areas has therefore become a priority
objective in the political and legislative management of cities. Architectural measures for adapting the private space of cities include
amphibious buildings (AB), which are a solution closely related to floating structures in terms of floatation and anchoring but locatedon land instead of water. During flooding, the floating foundation of AB allows it to rise from the ground and float on the surfaceof flood waters. The anchoring system secures AB in place both in regular and flood conditions. Despite the concept of AB being
known worldwide, especially in North America and Asia, it is not very familiar in Europe, where, according to available sources,
there are only four realized AB projects. The aim of the article is to present the relevance of amphibious solutions in the European
context. The article covers a thorough review of the existing literature on the construction and implementation of ABs through thecataloging of AB topics by the parameters of safety, purpose, aesthetics, technology, sustainability, utilities, and cost-efficiency. The
AB projects are analyzed in the comparative case studies. The SWOT analysis of the AB concept for Europe summarises the research.
We consider that through the orderly classification and cataloging of the state of the art of AB buildings, it is possible to define newpaths for architectural and urban implementation in order to respond to the need for urban adaptation to extreme water events.

In this paper, the most important research issues for tsunami-resistant planning and design of coastal buildings located in port cities
are as follows: 1) From the initial event to the result event, that is, considering the hazard chain establishment of a design processthat 2) At the same time, considering that tsunami disasters are sudden, low-frequency catastrophes that are characteristic of
tsunami disasters, the development of simulation methods that consider the hazard chain is also an extremely important issue. 3)
To clarify the characteristics of the tsunami impact load caused by the tsunami run-up with drifting objects, and at the same time todevelop a practical numerical analysis method that can predict the impact load rationally and quantitatively.
As mentioned above, this paper summarizes some of the results of the research conducted for the above-mentioned three subjects.

Climate Change / Disaster

Climate Change / Disaster

Study on Applicability of the MPS Two-phase Flow Model to Submarine Landslide Problem andthe Basic Characteristics of Impact Pressure on Mooring Anchors of Offshore Wind Turbines

Numerical study of the variation of the velocity of a tsunami-drifting object infront of a building just before impact at different angles of tsunami incidence

Kazuki Murata, National Institute of Maritime, Port and Aviation Technology, Port and Airport Research InstituteShinji Sassa, National Institute of Maritime, Port and Aviation Technology, Port and Airport Research InstituteYasuhiro Aida, Department of Oceanic Architecture and Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University
Tomoki Ikoma, Department of Oceanic Architecture and Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University

Yasuhiro Aida, CST, Nihon University
Tomoki Ikoma, CST, Nihon University

The authors focus on the MPS particle method and evaluate the applicability of its two-phase flow model to submarine landslide
phenomena through the reproduction calculations of past model experiments and consider the numerical parameters for treating
the submarine landslide flow as the model. Then we study the basic characteristics of impact pressure exerted on the mooringanchors of the offshore wind turbine by submarine landslides occurring in coastal areas.

46

Abstract

Hibiki Nakazawa, CST, Nihon University
Koichi Masuda, CST, Nihon University

When a tsunami run-up on land, containers, large vehicles, ships and other objects become drifting debris and collide with buildings.
However, it is known that the backwater created by the run-up flow in front of relatively large buildings makes it difficult for driftingdebris to collide with the sides of the buildings.
The purpose of this study is to clarify how the velocity of drifting debris immediately before impact changes with the ratio of thewidth of the building to the width of the drifting debris for each tsunami incidence angle, after confirming the characteristics of theflow field in front of the building by changing the width of the building and the incidence direction of the upwelling flow.
A uniform flow field was reproduced in a numerical tank using the MPS method, one of the particle methods. When the flow field
was stable, drifting objects were dropped from the air and hit the buildings with sufficient acceleration time and distance. In thecase where the tsunami incidence angle was small and the width of the building was greater than the width of the drifting object,
the velocity of the drifting object just before impact was reduced due to the backwater in front of the building. On the other hand,in the case where the tsunami incident angle was 45°, the velocity of the drifting object just before impact was almost unaffected by
the backwater in front of the building. These results suggest that the impact force of drifting objects is greater at the corner where
the building columns are located than at the building wall. From the point of view of protecting buildings against tsunami-driftingdebris, it is thought that damage can be reduced by placing trees and other structures at the corners of buildings in the direction oftsunami impact.

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Abstract

Abstract

Climate Change / Disaster

Climate Change / Disaster

Study on the Tsunami Disaster Prevention Measure by the Deep-draft Type
Floating Tsunami Protection Wharf for a Vessel Moored at a Wharf

A study on the layout and structure of the cloister of Itsukushima Shrine fromhydrodynamic aspects

Chiaki Tsutsui, Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
Kiyokazu Minami, Department of Maritime Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
Mitsuhiro Masuda, Department of Maritime Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology

Yasuhito Aida, Oceanic Architecture & Engineering. College of Science and Technology, Nihon University
Akio Kuroyanagi, Oceanic Architecture & Engineering. College of Science and Technology, Nihon University
Koichi Masuda, Oceanic Architecture & Engineering. College of Science and Technology, Nihon University

Huge earthquakes with tsunamis are more likely to occur, such as the Nankai Trough earthquake, the Japan Trench earthquake,and the Chishima Trench earthquake; therefore, effective tsunami protection measures are needed for moored vessels in Japanese
ports. The floating tsunami protection wharf (FTPW) has been proposed as a tsunami protection measure for vessels moored at
wharves. The FTPW is a floating pier with a tsunami disaster prevention function, which can prevent the breaking of mooring lines
and the grounding at a wharf by floating together with moored vessels when a tsunami hits. Although the FTPW has been proposed
as a floating pier without a specific size or shape, previous studies have mainly demonstrated the tsunami disaster prevention
performance of the FTPW with a shallow draft. This study proposed the use of a deep-draft type floating tsunami protection wharf(DFTPW), which has an even deeper draft than the previous FTPW, and the FTPW and the DFTPW moored to 3,000 DWT classvessels were verified and compared for their disaster prevention performance using the 3-dimensional moving particle simulation(MPS) method. Our results show that both the FTPW and the DFTPW can prevent tsunami damage to moored vessels for the leading
waves, whereas the DFTPW has superior disaster mitigation performance than the FTPW for the backwash, and combined methods
using DFTPW and strengthening of mooring forces are more effective.

Based on the findings of various previous studies on Itsukushima Shrine, this study focuses on the 'cloister', which contributes
greatly to the creation of the shrine's headland landscape and the mitigation of natural disasters brought by the sea. This paper
reviews and re-examines previous discourses and discussions on landscape creation and responses to natural disasters. The paper
reviews the history of the construction of the sea shrine pavilions at Itsukushima Shrine and examines the measures taken to
mitigate the impact of the sea on the shrine pavilions, including the cloister, based on the sea conditions.
As a result of this study, it was found that the screened corridor contributes to mitigating the buoyancy caused by the rising sea
level during the storm surge by about 6%, and the wave transmission coefficient is about 0.3 for a wave with a period of 3.5s, if thefloor of the corridor is considered as a submerged flat plate and the screen is ignored. Therefore, the floorboard of the corridor
is expected to reduce the energy of the short-period transmitted waves to the main building behind the corridor. However, it isdifficult to accept the idea that the floorboards of the corridor were designed to reduce the energy of the waves.

Climate Change / Disaster
Proposal of Tsunami Hazard Database for Mooring Vessels in Major Ports inJapan
Mitsuhiro Masuda, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
Chiaki Tsutsui, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
Kiyokazu Minami, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology

When a tsunami attacks a coastal area, vessels moored at the wharf suffer serious damage. More than 20,000 vessels have beendamaged, such as landing on a wharf, drifting, or colliding due to the tsunami caused by the Tohoku earthquake in 2011. Tsunamis
are significant disasters in Japan. Many researchers have studied the prediction of tsunami damage and tsunami damage protection
measures. However, there are various approaches for studying tsunami damage prediction and tsunami protection measures foreach researcher. This means that the tsunami damages and tsunami protection measures are evaluated using various methods ineach area and port. Accordingly, when tsunami damages are considered, there is currently no unified evaluation method in Japan.
This study proposes a tsunami hazard database for major Japanese ports using the unified evaluation method. The moving particle
simulation (MPS) method was used as a tsunami hazard simulation method. The target ports are 23 major Japanese ports. The
landing on a wharf and breakage of mooring lines were evaluated as hazard cases for the mooring vessel. In evaluating the landingof vessels on a wharf, the tsunami height in each port, the draft of vessels, and the crown heights by the difference in tidal levels
were considered. The tsunami hazard database was constructed based on these results. Finally, tsunami hazards in major Japanese
ports were evaluated using the tsunami hazard database.

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Information

A City Full of Dreams

Conference Venue
Nihon University Auditorium-1, College of Science andTechnology, 1-8-14, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo

Tokyo Metro
Ochanomizu Station
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Meiji Univ.

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Nihon University Auditorium-1,
College of Science and Technology

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Hilltop Hotel(Yamanoue Hotel)

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JR

For creating a better future
We are a group of infrastructure service specialists
The People, Dreams and Technology Group provides a wide range of social
infrastructure services from land to sky. The organization is a group of different
companies that specializes in general construction consultancy, infrastructure

Tokyo Metro
Shin-Ochanomizu
Stationmaintenance, mobility, ICT for infrastructure, and many other fields.
Not only infrastructure technologies that relates to survey, planning, design ofroads/transportation, lifelines, living-related facilities, and disaster prevention
facilities, but also new urban development projects such as smart cities using
renewable energy, digital technology, and water cities using floating technology.

Contact
Yuuki Yamashita
Secretariat of WCFS 2023 Japan
New Business Innovation & Promotion Division, Chodai Co., Ltd.
Inui Bldg., 1-13-1 Kachidoki, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0054
E-mail: wcfs2023_japan_chodai@chodai.co.jp

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1-20-4, Nihonbashi Kakigara-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0014, JAPANFirst Section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange (Securities Code : 9248)

Connecting people
and dreams throughtechnology
https://www.pdt-g.co.jp/

Tel: +81-3-3532-8612

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