Lunaris:
Unveiling the Unknown
Authors:

David Emanuel Turcu
Remus-Mihail PaladeRobert Andrei Dinu
Andreea-Elena Buraga
Maria-Alexandra DobreContext★
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Numerous upcoming Moon-related missions
Increased interest in lunar mining
Need to enhance our understanding of Lunar topography
Enhance navigational capabilities
Facilitate the identification of future potential landing and habitation sites
Locations of interest for space mining

MissionObjectives

Primary Objectives

Secondary Objectives★ 3D map of at least 95% of the★ Dynamic, up-to-date map of theLunar surface★ Chemical composition of at least
95% of the Lunar surface.

Moon that will facilitate effective
monitoring of changes★ Opportunity for space enthusiasts
and radio amateurs to develop
their skills by receiving images anddata sent from the satellites

Concept ofOperations

KeyPerformanceParameters

Key Parameters:Solutions:★ Camera Resolution: GSD of 30 or★ HyperScout M from Cosine: GSD of 39

even lower★ Scanning Time: full scanning cycle
in approximately one month for a
precise scan of the lunar surface★ Stability of Orbital Motion:
consistent 100 km altitude for aconstant resolutionat 350 km altitude★ Using a frozen polar orbit, the mission
would complete a full scan in 27.322
days★ Ionic propulsion will be used tocorrect the change of 2 degrees
inclination every Moon rotation cycle

Space Segment

LIDAR

Hyperspectral Camera★ A size of 2U★ Size of 1U★ Conducts scan in less than asecond★ Promising future developments★ HyperScout M★ Well tested and reliablePropulsion★ Making use of BHT-100 Hall Effect Thrusters★ Choice influenced by factors such as: size, fuel and power
consumption, high specific impulse★ Powered by xenon★ Maximum amount of fuel given by remaining space★ LIDAR: 2.7kg
Hyperspectral: 2.09kg★ Able to maintain orbit for 201 days, over 7 cycles of Moon rotation

Power consumptionPower Budget★ At worse (while in eclipse for approximately 46.8 minutes) thebattery charge reaches 71%★ Largest power consumption is during Orbit Insertion and Endof Life modes★ Two 6U and one 3U solar arrays are enough to account for theloss.
★ If further calculation require it, deployable solar panels areconsidered.

Communications

Data Budget★ Housekeeping data
★ Telemetry data size for 1 orbit -> 570 MB★ Daily report transmitted to Gateway -> 100 MB★ One 64 GB storage module per each CubeSat

Data Storage3DPlus non-volatile
NAND Flash memory★ Higher storage capacity★ The erase and write operations arequick★ Radiation resistant★ Reduced possibility of bit flips

NAND FLASHHyperspectral CubeSat

LIDAR CubeSat★ The Camera has 192GB storage★ The equipment is still incapability - sufficient for at least2-3 orbits★ 128GB storage module - for backup★ 128GB storage module - for thelunar map

development - an exact amount ofdata could not be computed★ 2 storage modules of 128GB - fordata generated by the LIDAR

Data ProcessingHyperspectral CubeSat★ The camera has on-board processing capability.
★ The processing capability is possible if a map of the Moon’s surface isstored onboard.

LIDAR CubeSat
In order to avoid a large data flow, an onboard processing unit ofLIDAR data is considered to perform lossless compression.

★ Radiation-Tolerant Quad-Core ARM Cortex-A72
Microprocessor, LS1046-Space★ Pre-processing steps: data calibration, noise removal,filtering★ Lossless compression techniques based on improved LZW
and Huffman algorithmOrbit andConstellation
Description

Why a constellation?
★ Not enough space in a 6U Cubesat for the necessary payload.
★ Using two separate satellites creates more redundancy in thedesign of the mission

Orbit choice★ Low Lunar Orbit with an altitude of 100kilometers★ Circular Orbit★ Frozen Orbit of 86 degree inclination★ Same Orbital plane★ Orbital period of approximately 2 hours

Coverage★ Lidar coverage → 99.84% coverage/cycle★ Hyperspectral coverage → 99.92% coverage/cycleImplementationPlanRisk Factors

GANTT

End of life
★ The satellites will start the end of life procedure if theyencounter critical damage or if they finish the lifetime of 201
days of flying on the frozen orbit.
★ Crashing on the moon, preferably on a future lunar graveyard

Thank you!
Do you have any questions?

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