TOOLS FOR EFFECTIVE RESPONSE: SPACE DESIGN FOR EMERGENCYOPERATIONNorio MAKI
ProfessorDPRI, Kyoto University

Various Architectures forEmergency ResponseShelterMobile Medical Center

Logistics CenterVolunteer CenterManagementGoGrouping

Job selection

Registration andOrientation

How can we support
effective emergency
response by good design?
Emergency Operation Center
Place to manage emergency
response

Emergency Operation CenterEOC

State of California

Japanese Central Government

Emergency Response1) Grasping Present Status– Situation– Resources2) Sharing information among theresponding agencies and responders
3) Decision making based on common
operational pictureFramework to analyze theresponse• command and control, andinformation management.
– all the Incident Command System
functions are• Development of a common operationalpicture– all the active emergency operating
section areFame work of “ICS”
Incident Command
Information
SafetyLiaisonOperations
SectionPlanning
SectionStaging Areas

Branches
Divisions&Groups

Air Operations
BranchAir SupportGroup

Strike Teams&
Task Forces
SingleResources

Air TacticalGroupResources
Unit
Situation
Unit
Demobilization
Unit
Documentation
Unit

Logistic
SectionFinance/Administration
SectionService BranchCommunication
Unit
Medical UnitFood Unit

Support Branch
Supply Unit
Facilities Unit
Ground SupportUnit

Time Unit
Procurement
Unit
Compensation/
Claims Unit
Cost Unit

Participatory Observation
March, 2011

Case of the 2011 Tohoku
Earthquake DisasterRESPONSE TIMELINE
Date

Mar. 11-12

Mar.13-18

Mar.19-Early Early April- May 10April
May 10
July22
Setting up
UpgradingClosing Relief
Relief
Life in Shelter Operations
Operations

Setting up
Securing
Phase Communicati
Accessons
Opening
Main Search and Roads/
Relieftarget Rescue
ReliefOperations
operations
OpeningSearch and Roads
ReliefRescueSearch andOperations
MedicalRescue
Lifeline
AssistanceRelief
Major
Recovery
Setting upOperations
OperatDelivering
Communicati Fuel Delivery
ionsFuelonTransferring
ReopeningOpening
patients
SchoolRoadsManaging
Dead Body

Upgradingshelter life/
RecoveryRecovery

ReliefOperations
Lifeline
RecoveryInterim
Housing
Removing
DebrisDamageCertificate

Interim
Housing
Operations
for Recovery

Common Operational
Pictures?

Iwate Prefecture EOC
Setting up Common
Operational Picture among
various organizations

２０１１／３／２０

Planed Layout

EOC on March 20, 2011

3/11-13“Setting up Communications”

Decision making

２０１１／３／２１

Relief Phase• No coordination among players inprefecture governmentEOC on April 7

3/25“Setting Up Relief Operation”“Upgrading Life in Shelter”

5/9“Closing Relief Operation”

Revising Organizational Structure March 25
DeputyGovernor

Relief Operation

Victim Support

RecoveryOperation
Planning

Logistics
Outside Human
Resources
Management

Relief Goods

Housing

Air Operation

Medical andHealth

Individual
RecoverySupport

Logistics
SupportDead Body
Management

SchoolDebrisBusiness
Municipality
Government
Assistance

Coordination
Administration
Planning andOperation
Public Relation
Communication
NetworkFukushima

Mass MediaOff limit to Mass Medias
EOC

Controller

Administration

Public Relations

PoliceRelief Goods

Relief Operations

SFDLogistics

Victim Support

FireTEPCO

Two Head Quarters

Prefecture Government

National Government

Two command and control
system co-existed

Design of Emergency
Operation Center for having
Common Operational Picture

Basic Understanding about EOC
design• All the responder would work in ONE ROOM
• Space layout based on ICS concept, andsame functions stay closer• Same structure– EOC (Emergency Management Center) とDOC (Department
Operation Center)、ICP (Incident Command Post)• Unified Command

ICS concept
Functions and Information Flow
Public Relation

LiaisonCommandPlanning
Finance
Administration

OperationOperation

Logistics

34

Standardized Space Design for EOC

Printer

Meeting space

Planning

White
Public Relation
BoardTV
MonitorPlanning

Liaison

Building
Inspection

PublicWork

Business

避難所班

Water

MedicalAdmin

Logi

Logi

MapCommandTV

35