Final presentation bySagar Mishra
section officer
Ministry of Home Affairs,Nepal

Comparative Study on
Disaster risk Management
cycle in Japan and Nepal,
presented on Asian disaster
reduction center, Kobe ,Japan
03-December 2009

Disaster Risk Reduction village , Hat‐ Kobe, Hyogo

Outlines
IMajor Natural Disaster in Nepal
II Nepal Disaster Management System
III Disaster risk management cycle in Nepal
IV Knowledge and experienced Gained from JapanV Major natural Hazards in JapanVI Japan Disaster Management System
VII Disaster risk management cycle in Japan
VIII Study and field Visit of Japan
IX Welcome to Nepal

Heartily welcome from Himalayan countries

Administrative division, national (map , flag, logo, flower, bird) of Nepal and flag,
map of Japan

Glimpses of NepalMajor Natural Disasters inNepalFloods

Windstorms

Landslides

Hailstone

Earthquake

Thunderbolt

FireAvalanches

Droughts

Epidemics

Glacier lake out
burst flood Swine flu, Birdflu,

Year wise disaster scenario loss of lives by major
types of disasters in Nepal (2001‐2007)
year

Flood&landslide

Earth‐
quake

Thunder‐bolt

fireHails‐
toneWind‐stormepidemic

avalanche

total

20011730235313141‐

3942002196

1392611154‐

418

2003

4410314030‐

461

2004

23204216020‐‐

3102005

131010100041‐

192

2006

14101728

1034‐

2212007

21603534

18

199322landslides

FloodFire and Drought

Earthquake and Glacier lake out burst
flood

Disaster Management System in Nepal• Natural calamity relief act 1982
• Soil and water conservation act 1982
• Local self governance act 1999
• Three year interim plan 2007‐2010• Environmental protection act 1996
• National Building code 1994,• National action plan 1996,• Hyogo framework for action 2005‐2015• Relief standard 2008,• National strategy for disaster risk management 2009
• Water induced disaster policy 2005
• National shelter policies1996• National water plan 2005

Disaster response framework in Nepal• Structure, according to national calamity act 1982

Disaster risk management cycle in NepalI)Response and relief• Central natural disaster relief committee• District natural disaster relief committee• Local natural disaster relief committee• Nepal police, Nepal army, Armed police force,Nepal red cross• Search and Rescue activities• Establishment of relief coordinating center• Assignment of institutions/ persons in charge• Providing relief goods to the victims• Temporary shelter, clean drinking water, and firstaid kit for victims.
• Volunteer centerFlood Response and relief

Emergency Rescue

First aid kit

Supply of relief good

Emergency shelter for victims

Supply of Clean drinking water

Search and rescue

ii)Relief to recovery and Rehabilitation, reconstructionI)Provision of compensation relief fund:‐a)Cash for food update rs.1000 per family member to household,b)Return package update:‐ Rs, 50,000 per family.
c)Compensation package for building, land and crops,2 kattha of land forlandless peopleii)Health service in return areas, and free health camps, child protection,
wash facilities for school toilets, and water points.
iii)Food security and road construction:‐ food for work ,community fish
ponds, rural road construction, Hume pipe and culvert
maintenance, check dam construction and deep land filling,
community based water supply system through hand pumps,
community based pump set boring for irrigation‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ continued

iv)Health and nutrition:‐ fresh milk for infants.
v)Education:‐construction of building and madarsa, admission campaign,improve play ground, wash facility and fencing ,free school dress andbooks ,copy, launch ,cash and cooking oil for school children.
vi)Agriculture and livestock:‐ free distribution of mungseed(lentil) ,vegetable , rice and paddy, jute seed, promote yam
cultivation, providing fish kit , commercial banana farming, goatprocurement fund, land use planning, watermelon, ginger farming,
livestock health camps, The procurement of container, refry, semen
and other essential materials for artificial insemination of buffalo andcow.
vii)Livelihood programs:‐ formed entrepreneur groups, comprisingvegetable farming, shuttering, Rickshaw, Saloon, cream separation,brass band etc in return areas. The skill‐based training – carpentry,
toilet ring, farming training(pumpkin) , masonry and bamboo basket
making, boutique training, steel fabrication training.
viii)Shelter management:‐ provide Shelter items consists of bamboo,cement, roofing sheets, wood and cement poles, tiles and other items
based on the needs of the affected families .

Rehabilitation and reconstruction of (sand)land use like
pond, fishery, ginger, banana, and water melon farmingiii)Mitigation and prevention• small scale bioengineering mitigation techniques• structural engineering work like spur construction.
• low‐cost bamboo work, sand‐filled cement sacks andcommunity plantation along riverbanks.
• Community boats have become a means for safe
evacuation during flood• provisions for community shelters have effectively
saved lives during periods of inundation.
• The construction of evacuation routes has helped
people reach these shelters• Raising hand pumps has ensured a source of safe
drinking water and reduced the risk of epidemics

Community flood Mitigation workcommunity managed bioengineering work

Plantation control soil erosion at river bankCommunity shelter

spur construction

raised hand pump for safe drinking
water

mitigation on embankment made out byUsing bamboo construction

community making evacuation routes

Community managed boatsiv)Preparednessa) Hazard mappingb) Stockpiling Food and non food itemsc) Disaster educationd) Capacity buildinge) Improved early warning systemf) Emergency drills

Hazard mapping and disaster education

environmental geological hazard
map of Kathmandu

earthquake simulation exercise for students

folk song competition for DRR

Mass observing Street drama touching disaster issue

DRR education through radio program

Observing the wall painting

Observation of IEC material by children

Community Capacity building

Training First aid teamCommunity meetingcollection of food grains for emergency fundcommunity drills for rescue

distribution life jacket for rescue

Community participation for erosion control

consultative meeting for district stakeholder

Flood Early warning system

Water gauge level

Flood early warning towers

Water gauge reader

disseminating early warning

community radio broadcasting early warning

Ready for evacuation

Flood Emergency drills

Women team for drills

Evacuation simulation drills

Drills rescue of women special care

rescue team drills

Knowledge And Experiences Gained
Through The Visiting Researcher Program• Natural Disasters in Japan• Central Disaster Management Council• Acts Regarding Disasters• Disaster Countermeasures• Disaster Memorial• Disaster risk management cycle :‐Response,relief,rehabilitation,reconstruction,mitigation,prevention, and preparedness.

Major seasons of Japan

Major natural hazards in Japan

Earthquakes, Volcanoes,Landslides , Tsunami and seatides, Floods, Heavy snow falls,
storm damage, Tornado ,Typhoons, Torrential rains

Natural Disasters in JapanMt. unzen volcano, Kobe earthquake, snow disaster, flood

Manmade disaster nearly 1,50,000 thousand people died in Nagasaki
and Hiroshima Atom bombingistenlott
Wan
Never a Man made.
hof Suc in the worlderDisastNagasaki bombing epicenter

Disaster Management Administrative System in Japan
Prime ministerNational
Level

Central Disaster ManagementCouncil

Formulation and promoting
implementation of the Basic Disaster
Management Plan.
Formulation and implementationof the Disaster Management
Operation Plan.

Designated Government Organizations &Designated Public Corporations

Prefecture
Level

GovernorPrefecture Disaster Management Council
Designated Local Government Organizations

Formulation and promoting
implementation of Local Disaster
Management Plan.

Designated Local Public Corporations

Municipal
Level

Mayors of the cities, Towns and Villages

Formulation and promoting
implementation of the localBasic
Disaster Management Plan.

Municipal Disaster Management CouncilResidents Level

Legal system in JapanA)Basic Acts:• 1. Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act (1961)• 2. Act on Prevention of Marine Pollution and Maritime Disaster(1970)• 3. Act on Disaster Prevention in Petroleum Industrial Complexes
and other Petroleum Facilities (1975)• 4. Act on Special Measures for Large‐scale Earthquakes (1978)• 5. Act on Special Measures for Nuclear Disasters (1999)• 6. Act on Special Measures for Promotion of Tonankai and Nankai
Earthquake Disaster Management (2002)• 7. Act on Special Measures for Promotion of Disaster Managementfor Trench‐type Earthquakes in the Vicinity of the Japan andChishima Trenches (2004
B)Disaster prevention and preparedness related–(18 acts)
C)Disaster emergency response related -3 acts
D)Disaster recovery and reconstruction and financial measures-23acts

National organization for disaster risk reduction

Local organization for disaster risk reduction• Prefectural disaster management councils• Municipal disaster management council• Fire management department• National Police Agency• Business corporations for disaster risk
management like (Gas, Telecom,Redcross,NHK, Bank of Japan, Railway)• Resident or community groups

Disaster risk management cycle in Japana) Emergency response mechanism in Japan• Prime minister’s office• Cabinet office• Dispatch of government investigation team
• Search and rescue team
• Fire management bureau• National Police Agency• Japan coast guard• Japan self defense force• Emergency Medical team , Japan red cross• Prefectural government, municipality and city or towngovernment.

Search and rescue and supply of relief goods

Lesson learned from Great Hanshin Awaji earthquake forresponse and reliefI)Accurate assessment of situation and rapid action saves livesii)Important in emergencies sober actions that consider other victimsiii)Checking the electricity and gas and other actions of individuals to ensure that fire does
not occur help protect the other community.
iv)Significant result from rescue and fire fighting activities by communities and neighborsv)Evacuation sites serves as communities in disaster stricken areasvi)Importance of providing assistance suitable to the needs of disaster stricken areas andlocal communitiesvii)quickly reopening the stores and local business support disaster stricken communities.

viii)Importance of wide area disaster relief system and medical relief systemsix)Importance of quickly assessing state of damaged and performing damage verifications
inspectionx)Importance of coordinated recovery of roads and lifelines.

Lesson learnt from Great Hanshin eq for response and reliefb)Rehabilitation and reconstruction phasea)Temporary housingb)Grant and Medical facilities for victimsc)Disaster victims livelihood support program:‐ I) subsidy by local government tobuild house,2)relief loans,3)compensation and insurance,4)tax reduction toexemption,5)tax allocation to local governments ,6)assistance for rehabilitation
plan,7) Support for the livelihood recovery of disaster victims like disastercondolence money, disaster impediment sympathy money, money for supportof livelihood recovery of disaster victims and loans such as disaster relief funds
and livelihood welfare funds.
d)Engaged with the cultural activity for disaster suffers.
e) recycling the waste products that results from disastersf)Voluntary activities among local residents are indispensable to caring for victims
and rebuilding their strength for living.
g)providing emotional support to Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), andconscientious care for those requiring support.
h) rapid commercial rebuilding initiatives focused on new developmenti)Housing initiatives for reconstruction policy

Recovery to reconstruction and rehabilitation

c)Mitigation and prevention• Minimize the effects of disaster ,implementing
building codes and zoning , vulnerability analysis,through public education• I) Earthquake: ‐ seismic design/retrofitting ofvulnerable building/ installation of seismic isolation• ii) Flood: ‐ construction of dike/ building of dam/forestation/ construction of flood control basins,reservoirs• iii) Tsunami, storm (cyclone, typhoon, hurricane):‐construction of tide wall/ establishments of forests
to protect against storms/tsunami• IV)Landslide: ‐ construction of erosion control dams/
construction of retaining walls

Mitigation work(retrofitting of school building, flood gate, water pumping, tsunami
wall, plantation of trees ,retaining and drainage wall for landslidePublic education
Disaster education is provided to prepare theCommunity for all kinds of Disasters in Japan
1. Kinder garden education/ Elementary Education
2. High school Education
3. University Education
4. Community Education
5. International Education
6. Research centers
7. Disaster memorial parks
8. Museum of art
9. Community radio
10. NGOsPublic education

Town watching, hazard mappingd)preparedness• preparation of hazards maps, food and material
stockpiling, disaster education/ capacity building,emergency drills, evacuation, construction of early
warning systems, preparations of emergency
kits ,another examples of type of disaster
Earthquake:‐ construction and operation ofearthquake observation systems.
• Flood: ‐ construction and operation of metrologicalobservation systems.
• Storm: ‐ construction of shelter /construction andoperation of meteorological observation systems.
• Landslide: ‐ construction and operation of
meteorological observation system

Digital Hazard mapping, stock piling of foods

Capacity building, emergency kits

Disaster Awareness Program• Nationwide Movement for Disaster Reduction– Publication of “Basic Framework for Promoting a Nationwide Movementfor Disaster Reduction – Actions with Added Value to Security and Safety”• Disaster Awareness Campaign:––––

1st Sep‐ Disaster Reduction Day
30th Aug to 5th Sep‐ Disaster Reduction Week
17th Jan ‐ Disaster Reduction & Volunteer Day (Hyogo safety day)15th to 21st Jan ‐ Disaster Reduction & Volunteer Week– Training to volunteer, local organization and residents such as: fighting
fires, fighting floods, search and rescue, first aid, and evacuation.

• Disaster Education in School– Learning about disaster during childhood– Promoted disaster education by Cabinet Office.

Early warning system in Japan
Observing, Forecasting and Warningof Disaster Risks– JMA issues a wide range offorecasts, warnings andadvisories regarding volcano,earthquake generated
tsunamis and severe weather
events such as heavy rain,storm, flood– 24‐hour systems to carefully
monitor various natural
phenomena and weather
conditions‐NHK( national level broadcastingmedia) forecast the warning
through automatic activationof TV & radio wave system.

Earthquake Disaster Countermeasures
Observation System– JMA and other organizations install and maintain seismometers thatare used for estimating the location of the epicenter and magnitudeof an earthquake as well as for tsunami forecasts, and seismic
intensity meters that measure the intensity of ground motion, innumerous places nationwide.
– As soon as an earthquake occurs, JMA analyzes the data fromvarious seismometers and seismic intensity meters.
– Within two minutes, JMA will issues a seismic intensity information
report for earthquakes of intensity 3 or greater– Within five minutes JMA will issues an earthquake information
report indicating the epicenter and magnitude of the earthquake andthe seismic intensity in the municipalities where strong shaking wasobserved.

Emergency drills Sumoto , Miki city, and Hat KobeI)Tsunami drills at Sumoto city, ii) Emergency rescue drills, Miki city, iii)Chemical
contamination rescue drills Hat Kobe

Evacuation sign ,route, and Early warning towerStudy Visit
By Taking part in JICA training Course of dissemination andestablishment of disaster prevention culture for Asiancountries, 2009
1.Disaster Renovation institute 2.Ina Mura No Hi ,wakayama
3.Sumoto city ,Awaji island 4.Maiko high school

5.CBDRM for cultural heritage Golden, and Kiyomizu temple, 6.Kyoto University
7.Tokoy metropolitan office and Shinjuku down town 8.Honjo life safety
learning center9.Shizuoka earthquake preparedness education center 10.Fujitokoha university
11.Shizuoka city fire and disaster prevention bureau 12.Unzen restoration officeNagasaki

13.Unzen disaster memorial hall ,Shimabara 14.Nagasaki atomic bomb museum
15.Earthquake Nojima fault museum,hokudan 16.NHK headquarter Tokyo,

Study Visit
By ADRC’s Program
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

participation in the JICA forum on climate change and disaster andcountry report presentation on climate change at JICA, Tokyo
Royal palace ,TokyoJapan meteorological agency
Cabinet office ,Tokyo
Tokyo metropolitan office
Kobe University
Disaster Reduction Human renovation Museum
Hyogo prefectural emergency management training center ,Mikicity
Tsunami Surge learning center, Osaka
Osaka castle , Osaka
Port of Kobe earthquake memorial park, Harbor land
Nigawa‐Yurino‐Cho Landslide museum
UNCRD 10’th anniversary symposium at Kobe
GIS training,at ADRC

study visit ADRC program
JMA, Cabinet office, Royal palace, Kobe port earthquake memorial park

Tsunami prevention center, Osaka castle ,Kobe university ,DRI, Nigawa landslide
museum, Hyogo prefectural emergency management training center , Miki city

UNCRD symposium and GIS trainingWe can reduce the damages of disaster !!
Build an earthquake –resistant houses.
Make preparations for water.
Fix the furniture not to collapse.
Determine the place to evacuate.
Fix the light not to fall.
Prevent the window pane to broken spread.
Slippers .whistle .flash‐lightSelf help, mutual help and public help isimportant during disaster.

Strong construction of building save lives and 1995
great Hansin earthquake could not destroy thisbuilding(Nojima fault museum,HoKudan)

Participation on climate change seminar at JICA, Tokyo

Sharing the knowledge to next generation

Gathering/Sharing international
knowledgeJapan, Japanese People and ADRC• working culture of the country• mutual help for the other nations• good behavior and Kindness for the people• polite , friendly, Caring of the people• lesson learned and sharing for the younger generation• Gather and share experience international people
together• Establishment disaster resilience community for theworldJapanese people Love for hard work (culture)Suggestion to ADRC
• Establish the at least one project for one member
country.
• Analysis Duplication of program• Effective coordination between JICA, JAXA,SAARC,ASEAN, ADPC, and UN agency.
• Establish visiting researcher network.
• Provide guidelines for report writing .
• Make clear schedule for visiting researcher
program(3,4,5 or 6 months)

I would like to Thank……….
I would like to thankall of you ADRC staff
for providing me
homely and friendly
environment,
Thanks to
Shahid Husain Malik – Pakistan
Pradeep Kodipilli ‐ Srilanka
Josefina T. Porcil‐ Philippines

Thanks……..
Thank you very much to
OHORI san for yoursincere guidance,
coordination andsupport during mytenureI would like to express gratitude toKoresawa San
Thank you very much
Koresawa San forinviting me andguardianship during mystay

Special thanks to Shigeru Itoh ,chairman of ADRC for
selection of this programSayonara The Peaceful and Helpful nation

Welcome to Nepal

Arigatogojaimasta!!
Thank you very much!!
Dhanyabad !!

wGoafb ..