Fall 2005
Revised 6/2008
READING LIST FOR DEMOGRAPHY SPECIALTY EXAMOUTLINE:
I. METHODS
A. General
B. Data and Methods
II. GENERAL TEXTS AND INTRODUCTORY READINGS
III. POPULATION THEORY
A. General
IV. DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
A. Classical Demographic Transition and Its Reformations
B. Evidence for Transition Theories in Developed Countries
1. Historical Evidence
a. Fertility
b. Mortality
C. Evidence for Transition Theories in Developing Countries
1. General
2. By Regiona. Latin Americab. Africac. Asia
3. Comparison of Fertility Decline in Developing and Developed Countries
V. FERTILITY
A. Contemporary Fertility Theories
1. Proximate Determinants
2. Economic Theories
a. Household Decision Making
b. Cyclical Fertility Swings
3. Sociological Theories
B. Fertility and Labor Force Participation
1. Developed Countries
2. Developing Countries
C. U.S. Fertility
1. Recent Fertility Patterns
2. Timing of Fertility and Consequences of Timing
a. Generalb. Adolescent Fertilityc. Delayed Fertility
d. Nonmarital Fertility

1VI. MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY
A. Historical Mortality Patterns
B. Mortality in Developed Countries
1. General
2. Relationships of Social Factors to Mortality and Morbidity
C. Mortality in Developing Countries
1. General
2. Relationships of Social Factors to Mortality and Morbidity
D. Infant Mortality
VII. MIGRATON AND URBANIZATION
A. General
B. Theories
C. Development and Urbanization
D. International Migration Issues
E. Migration in LDCs
1. General
2. Specific Countries
F. Migration in More Developed Countries
VIII. FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
A. General
B. Parental Employment and Child CareC. Occupational Sex Segregation and the Wage Gap
IX. MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY
A. Historical
B. General
C. Marriage and Cohabitation
D. Divorce and Remarriage: Patterns and Consequences
E. Family Formation and Living Arrangements
F. Welfare/Poverty
1. Welfare/Poverty
2. Economic Theories and Critiques
X. POPULATION POLICY
A. Population and Development
B. Gender
C. Family Planning
1. General
2. Specific Countries
D. Pro-Natalist Policies
XI. AGING AND INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONS

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I. METHODS
A. General
Haub, Carl. 1987. “Understanding Population Projections.” Population Bulletin, 42 (2): 1-43.
Hinde, Andrew. 1998. Demographic Methods. London: Arnold.
Moffit, Robert. 2005. “Remarks on the Analysis of Causal Relationships in Population Research.”
Demography 42 (February): 91-108.
Palmore, James A. and Robert W. Gardner. 1994. Measuring Mortality, Fertility, and Natural
Increase: A Self-teaching Guide to Elementary Measures. 5th ed. Honolulu: East-West Center.
Preston, Samuel H., Patrick Heuveline, and Michel Guillot. 2001. Demography: Measuring andModeling Population Processes. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
B. Data and Methods
Hobcroft, John, Jane Menken, and Samuel Preston. 1982. “Age, Period, and Cohort Effects in
Demography: A Review.” Population Index, 48 (1): 4-43.
Maine, Deborah, Lynn Freedman, Farida Shaheed, and Schuyler Frautschi. 1994. “Risk,
Reproduction, and Rights: The Uses of Reproductive Health Data.” Pp. 203-227 in Population
and Development: Old Debates, New Conclusions edited by Robert Cassen. New Brunswick:Transaction Publishers.
Mayer, Karl Ulrich and Nancy Brandon Tuma. 1990. “Life Course Research and Event History
Analysis: An Overview.” Pp. 3-20 in Event History Analysis in Life Course Research edited by
Karl Ulrich Mayer and Nancy Brandon Tuma. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
II. GENERAL TEXTS AND INTROUCTROY READINGS
Cassen, Robert. Ed. 1994. Population and Development: Old Debates, New Conclusions. New
Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
Livi-Bacci, Massimo. 2001. A Concise History of World Population. 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell
Publishers.
Weeks, John R. 1999. Population: An Introduction to Concepts and Issues. 7th ed. Belmont:
Wadsworth Publishing Company.
III. POPULATION THEORY
A. General
Boserup, Ester. 1984. “Technical Change and Human Fertility in Rural Areas of Developing
Countries.” Pp. 23-33 in Rural Development and Human Fertility edited by Wayne A. Schutjer
and C. Shannon Stokes. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

3

Caldwell, John. 1982. “Chapter #4: Toward a Restatement of Demographic Transition Theory
and Chapter #5: A Theory of Fertility: From High Plateau to Destabilization.” Pp. 157-179 in
Theory of Fertility Decline. New York: Academic Press.
Ehrlich, Paul R., Anne H. Ehrlich, and Gretchen C. Daily. 1993. “Food Security, Population andEnvironment.” Population and Development Review, 19 (1): 1-32.
Kelly, Allen C. and William Paul McGreevey. 1994. “Population and Development in Historical
Perspective.” Pp. 107-126 in Population and Development: Old Debate, New Conclusions. New
Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
Kreager, Philip. 1991. “Early Modern Population Theory: A Reassessment.” Population andDevelopment Review, 17 (2): 207-227.
Malthus, Thomas. 1798. “Chapter #1 and Chapter #2.” In An Essay on the Principle ofPopulation. New York: Viking Press.
Simon, Julian L. 1990. “Chapter #1: Introduction; Chapter #2: Resources, Population,
Environment: An Oversupply of False Bad News; and “Chapter #3: Letters to the Editors of
Science and Reply.” Pp. 1-61 in Population Matters: People, Resources, Environment, andImmigration. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
Timmer, C. Peter, Ismail Sirageldin, John Kantner, and Samuel H. Preston. 1982. “Review
Symposium on Julian Simon, The Ultimate Resource.” Population and Development Review, 8(1): 163-177.
IV. DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
A. Classical Demographic Transition and Its Reformations
Coale, A.J. 1975. “The Demographic Transition.” Pp. 53-72 in The Population Debate:
Dimensions and Perspectives, Vol. 1 edited by the United Nations. New York: United Nations.
Kirk, Dudley. 1996. “Demographic Transition Theory.” Population Studies, 50 (3): 361-387.
Caldwell, John C. 1976. “Toward a Restatement of Demographic Transition Theory.” Population
and Development Review, 2 (3/4): 321-366.
Freedman, Ronald. 1979. “Theories of Fertility Decline: A Reappraisal.” Social Forces, 58 (1): 117.
Van de Kaa, D. J. 1996. “Anchored Narratives: The Story and Findings of Half a Century of
Research into the Determinants of Fertility.” Population Studies, 50 (3): 389-432.
Mason, Karen Oppenheim. 1997. “Explaining Fertility Transitions.” Demography, 34 (4): 443454.
Lesthaeghe, Ron and Johan Surkyn. 1988. “Cultural Dynamics and Economic Theories of
Fertility Change.” Population and Development Review, 14 (1): 1-45.
B. Evidence for Transition Theories in Developed Countries41. Historical Evidence
Bourgeois-Pichat, Jean. 1986. “The Unprecedented Shortage of Birth in Europe.” Population andDevelopment Review, 12 (Supplement): 3-25.
Coale, Ansley J. 1986. “The Decline of Fertility in Europe Since the Eighteenth Century as a
Chapter in Demographic History.” Pp. 1-30 in The Decline of Fertility in Europe: The Revised
Proceedings of a Conference on the Princeton European Fertility Project edited by Ansley J.
Coale and Susan Cotts Watkins. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Van de Walle, Francine. 1986. “Infant Mortality and the European Demographic Transition.” Pp.
201-233 in The Decline of Fertility in Europe: The Revised Proceedings of a Conference on the
Princeton European Fertility Project edited by Ansley J. Coale and Susan Cotts Watkins.
Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Lesthaeghe, Ron and Chris Wilson. 1986. “Modes of Production, Secularization, and the Pace of
the Fertility Decline in Western Europe.” Pp. 261-292 in The Decline of Fertility in Europe: The
Revised Proceedings of a Conference on the Princeton European Fertility Project edited byAnsley J. Coale and Susan Cotts Watkins. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Knodel, John and Etienne van de Walle. 1979. “Lessons from the Past: Policy Implications ofHistorical Fertility Studies.” Population and Development Review, 5 (2): 217-245. (Reprinted
1985 in The Decline of Fertility in Europe: The Revised Proceedings of a Conference on the
Princeton European Fertility Project edited by Ansley J. Coale and Susan Cotts Watkins.
Princeton: Princeton University Press.)
Lesthaeghe, Ron. 1983. “A Century of Demographic and Cultural Change in Western Europe: An
Exploration of Underlying Dimensions.” Population and Development Review, 9 (3): 411-435.
Lesthaeghe, R. 1995. “The Second Demographic Transition in Western Countries: An
Interpretation.” Pp. 17-62 in Gender and Family Change in Industrialized Countries edited by
Karen Oppenheim Mason and An-Magrit Jensen. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Van de Kaa, Dirk J. 1987. “Europe’s Second Demographic Transition.” Population Bulletin, 42(1): 1-57.
2. Mortality
McKeown, Thomas, R.G. Brown, and R.G. Record. 1972. “An Interpretation of the Modern Riseof Population in Europe.” Population and Development Review, 26 (3):345-382.
McKeown, Thomas. 1979. “Chapter #3: Decline of Mortality; Chapter #8: Medical Achievement;
and Chapter #13: Dream, Mirage or Nemesis?” Pp. 29-44; 91-113; 176-189 in The Role ofMedicine: Dream, Mirage, or Nemesis? Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Cleland, John. 2001. “The Effects of Improved Survival on Fertility: A Reassessment.”
Population and Development Review, 27 (Supplement): 60-92.
C. Evidence for Transition Theories in Developing Countries51. General
Boserup, Ester. 1984. “Technical Change and Human Fertility in Rural Areas of Developing
Countries.” Pp. 23-33 in Rural Development and Human Fertility edited by Wayne A. Schutjer
and C. Shannon Stokes. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Cain, M. 1982. “Perspectives on Family and Fertility in Developing Countries.” Population
Studies, 36 (2): 159-175.
Cleland, John. 1985. “Marital Fertility Decline in Developing Countries: Theories and Evidence.”
Pp. 223-252 in Reproductive Change in Developing Countries: Insights from the World Fertility
Survey edited by John Cleland and John Hobcraft. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ryder, Norman B. 1986. “Reviewed Work(s): Reproductive Change in Developing Countries:
Insights from the World Fertility Survey by John Cleland; John Hobcraft.” Population andDevelopment Review, 12 (2): 341-349.
Preston, Samuel H. 1986. “The Decline of Fertility in Non-European Industrialized Countries.”
Population and Development Review, 12 (Supplement): 26-47.
Crenshaw, Edward M., Ansari Z. Ameen, and Matthew Christenson. 1997. “Population Dynamics
and Economic Development: Age-Specific Population Growth Rates and Economic Growth inDeveloping Countries, 1965 to 1990.” American Sociological Review, 62 (6): 974-984.
2. By Region
a. South America
Martine, George. 1996. “Brazil’s Fertility Decline, 1965-95: A Fresh Look at Key Findings.”
Population and Development Review, 22 (1): 47-75.
Palloni, Alberto and Hantamala Rafalimanana. 1999. “The Effects of Infant Mortality on Fertility
Revisited: New Evidence from Latin America.” Demography, 36 (1): 41-58.
Potter, Joseph E., Carl P. Schmertmann, and Suzana M. Cavenaghi. 2002. “Fertility andDevelopment: Evidence from Brazil.” Demography, 39 (4): 739-761.
b. Africa
Caldwell, John C., I.O. Orubuloye, and Pat Caldwell. 1992. “Fertility Decline in Africa: A New
Type of Transition?” Population and Development, 18 (2): 211-242.
Fapohunda, Eleanor R. and Micheal Todaro. 1988. “Family Structure, Implicit Contracts, and theDemand for Children in Southern Nigeria.” Population and Development, 14 (4): 571-594.
Watkins, Susan Cotts. 2000. “Local and Foreign Models of Reproduction in Nyanza Province,
Kenya.” Population and Development Review, 26 (4): 725-759.
Ezeh, Alex Chika. 1997. “Polygyny and Reproductive Behavior in Sub-Saharan Africa: A
Contextual Analysis.” Demography, 34 (3): 355-368.

6

c. Asia
Greenhalgh, Susan. 1988. “Fertility as Mobility: Sinic Transitions.” Population and Development
Review, 14 (4): 629-674.
Knodel, John, Napaporn Havanon, and Anthony Pramualratana. 1984. “Fertility Transition in
Thailand: A Qualitative Analysis.” Population and Development Review, 10 (2): 297-328.
Feeney, Griffith and Wang Feng. 1993. “Parity Progression and Birth Intervals in China: The
Influence of Policy in Hastening Fertility Decline.” Population and Development Review, 19 (1):61-101.
Visaria, Leela and Pravin Visaria. 1995. “India’s Population in Transition.” Population Bulletin,
50 (3): 1-51.
Caldwell, John C., Barkat-e-Khuda, Bruce Caldwell, Indrani Pieris, and Pat Caldwell. 1999. “The
Bangladesh Fertility Decline: An Interpretation.” Population and Development Review, 25 (1):67-84.
3. Comparisons of Fertility Decline in Developing and Developed Countries
Van de Walle, Etienne and John Knodel. 1980. “Europe’s Fertility Transition: New Evidence andLessons for Today’s Developing World.” Population Bulletin, 34 (6): 1-43.
Macunovich, Diane J. 2000. “Relative Cohort Size: Source of a Unifying Theory of Global
Fertility Transition?” Population and Development Review, 26 (2): 235-261.
Watkins, Susan Cotts. 1987. “The Fertility Transition: Europe and the Third World Compared.”
Sociological Spectrum, 2 (4): 645-673.
V. FERTILITY
A. Contemporary Fertility Theories
1. Proximate Determinants
Bongaarts, John. 1978. “A Framework for Analyzing the Proximate Determinants of Fertility.”
Population and Development Review, 4 (1): 105-132.
Davis, Kingsley and Judith Blake. 1956. “Social Structure and Fertility: An Analytical
Framework.” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 4 (3): 211-235.
Cohen, Barney and Mark R. Montgomery. 1998. “Introduction.” Pp. 1-38 in From Birth to
Death: Mortality Decline and Reproductive Change edited by Barney Cohen and Mark R.
Montgomery. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
Cleland, John. 2001. “The Effects of Improved Survival on Fertility: A Reassessment.”
Population and Development Review, 27 (Supplement): 60-92.
2. Economic Theories

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a. Household Decision Making
Blake, Judith. 1968. “Are Babies Consumer Durables?: A Critique of the Economic Theory of
Reproductive Motivation.” Population Studies, 22 (1): 5-25.
Becker, Gary S. 1960. “An Economic Analysis of Fertility.” Pp. 209-240 in Demographic andEconomic Change in Developed Countries edited by the National Bureau of Economic Research.
Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Easterlin, Richard A. and Eileen Crimmins. 1985. “Chapter #1: The Fertility Revolution andChapter #2: Theoretical Framework.” Pp. 3-32 in The Fertility Revolution. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press.
Macunovich, Diane J. 1996. “A Review of Recent Developments in the Economics of Fertility.”Pp. 91-150 in Household and Family Economics edited by Paul L. Menchik. Norwell: Kluwer
Academic Publishers.
Robinson, Warren C. 1997. “The Economic Theory of Fertility Over Three Decades.” Population
Studies, 51 (1): 63-74.
b. Cyclical Fertility Swings
Behrman, Jere R. and Paul Taubman. 1989. “A Test of the Easterlin Fertility Model Using
Income for Two Generations and a Comparison With the Becker Model.” Demography, 26 (1):117-123.
Burtz, William P. and Michael P. Ward. 1979. “The Emergence of Countercyclical U.S.
Fertility.” American Economic Review, 69 (3): 318-328.
Easterlin, Richard A. 1978. “What Will 1984 Be Like? Socioeconomic Implications of Recent
Twists in Age Structure.” Demography, 15 (4): 397-432.
3. Sociological Theories
Folbre, Nancy. 1983. “Patriarchy and Fertility Decisions.” Feminist Studies, 9 (2): 261-284.
Reprinted 1998, pp. 121-138 in The Earthscan Reader in Population and Development edited by
Paul Demeny and Geoffrey McNicoll. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Mason, Karen Oppenheim and Anju Malhotra Taj. 1987. “Differences Between Women’s andMen’s Reproductive Goals in Developing Countries.” Population and Development Review, 13(4): 611-638.
DeRose, Laurie F., F. Nii-Amoo Dodoo, and Vrushali Patil. 2002. “Fertility Desires andPerceptions of Power in Reproductive Conflict in Ghana.” Gender & Society, 16 (1): 53-73.
Rindfuss, Ronald R., Karin L. Brewster, and Andrew L. Kavee. 1996. “Women, Work, andChildren: Behavioral and Attitudinal Change in the United States.” Population and Development
Review, 22 (3): 457-482.
Smith, Herbert L. 1989. “Integrating Theory and Research on the Institutional Determinants of
Fertility.” Demography, 26 (2): 171-184.

8

Bongaarts, John and Susan Cotts Watkins. 1996. “Social Interactions and Contemporary Fertility
Transitions.” Population and Development Review, 22 (4): 639-682.
B. Fertility and Labor Force Participation
1. Developed Countries
Macunovich, Diane J. 1996. “Relative Income and Price of Timing: Exploring their Effects on
US Fertility and Female Labor Force Participation.” Pp. 223-257 in Fertility in the United States:
New Patterns, New Theories edited by John B. Casterline, Ronald D. Lee, and Karen A. Foote.
New York: The Population Council.
Rosenfield, Rachel A. 1996. “Women’s Work Histories.” Pp. 199-222 in Fertility in the UnitedStates: New Patterns, New Theories edited by John B. Casterline, Ronald D. Lee, and Karen A.
Foote. New York: The Population Council.
Rindfuss, Ronald R. and Karin L. Brewster. 1996. “Childbearing and Fertility.” Pp. 258-289 in
Fertility in the United States: New Patterns, New Theories edited by John B. Casterline, Ronald
D. Lee, and Karen A. Foote. New York: The Population Council.
Cohen, Philip N. and Suzanne M. Bianchi. 1999. “Marriage, Children, and Women’s
Employment: What Do We Know?” Monthly Labor Review, 122 (12): 22-31.
Vere, James P. 2008. “’Having it All’ No Longer: Fertility, Female Labor Supply, and the New
Life Choices of Generation X.” Demography 44(4):821-828.
2. Developing Countries
Mason, Karen Oppenheim. 1987. “The Impact of Women’s Social Position on Fertility in
Developed Countries.” Sociological Forum, 2 (4): 718-745.
Lloyd, Cynthia B. 1991. “The Contribution of the World Fertility Surveys to an Understanding of
the Relationship Between Women’s Work and Fertility.” Studies in Family Planning, 22 (3): 144161.
Desai, Sonalde and Devaki Jain. 1994. “Maternal Employment and Changes in Family Dynamics:
The Social Context of Women’s Work in Rural South India.” Population and Development
Review, 20 (1): 115-136.
Mason, Karen Oppenheim and V.T. Palan. 1981. “Female Employment and Fertility in
Peninsular Malaysia: The Maternal Role Incompatibility Hypothesis Reconsidered.”
Demography, 18 (4): 549-575.
Mason, Karen Oppenheim and Anju Malhotra Taj. 1987. “Differences Between Women’s andMen’s Reproductive Goals in Developing Countries.” Population and Development Review, 13(4): 611-638.
DeRose, Laurie F. 2002. “Continuity of Women’s Work, Breastfeeding, and Fertility in Ghana in
the 1980s.” Population Studies, 56 (2): 167-179.

9

O’Connell, Martin. 2002. “Childbearing.” Pp. 67-94 in Continuity and Change in the American
Family edited by Lynne M. Casper and Suzanne M. Bianchi. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
C. U.S. Fertility
1. Recent Fertility Patterns
Schoen, Robert, Young J. Kim, Constance A. Nathanson, Jason Fields, and Nan Marie Astone.
1997. “Why Do Americans Want Children?” Population and Development Review, 23 (2): 333358.
Morgan, S. Philip. 1996. “Characteristic Features of Modern American Fertility.” Pp. 19-63 in
Fertility in the United States: New Patterns, New Theories edited by John B. Casterline, Ronald
D. Lee, and Karen A. Foote. New York: The Population Council.
Rindfuss, Ronald R., S. Philip Morgan, and Kate Offutt. 1996. “Education and the Changing Age
Pattern of American Fertility: 1963-1989.” Demography, 33 (3): 277-290.
2. Timing of Fertility and Consequences of Timing
a. General
Martin, Steven P. 2004. “Women’s Education and Family Timing: Outcomes and Trends
Associated with Age at Marriage and First Birth.” Pp. 79-118 in K. Neckerman Social
Inequality. New York: Russell Sage.
South, Scott J. and Kim M. Lloyd. 1992. “Marriage Markets and Nonmarital Fertility in the
United States.” Demography, 29 (2): 247-264.
b. Adolescent Fertility
Geronimus, Arline T. and Sanders Koreman. 1993. “The Socioeconomic Costs of Teenage
Childbearing: Evidence and Interpretation.” Demography, 30 (2): 281-290.
Hoffman, Saul D., E. Michael Foster, and Frank F. Furstenberg, Jr. 1993. “Revaluating the Costsof Teenage Childbearing: Response to Geronimus and Korenman.” Demography, 30 (2): 291296.
Hoffman, Saul D., E. Michael Foster, and Frank F. Furstenberg, Jr. 1993. “Revaluating the Costsof Teenage Childbearing.” Demography, 30 (1): 1-13.
Hotz, V. Joseph, Susan Williams McElroy, and Seth G. Sanders. 1997. “The Impacts of Teenage
Childbearing on the Mothers and the Consequences of Those Impacts for Government.” Pp. 5594 in Kids Having Kids: Economic Costs and Social Consequences of Teen Pregnancy edited by
Rebecca A. Maynard. Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute Press.
Singh, S., and Darroch, J.E. 2000. “Adolescent Pregnancy and Childbearing: Levels and Trends
in Developed Countries.” Family Planning Perspectives 32(1).
c. Delayed Fertility

10Abma and Martinez. 2006. “Childlessness among older women in the United States: Trends andprofiles.” Journal of Marriage and Family 68(4):1045-1056.
Billari, Francesco C., Hans-Peter Kohler, Gunnar Andersson, Hans Lundstrom. 2007.
“Approaching the Limit: Late and Very Late Fertility.” Population and Development Review
33(1):149-170.
Martin, Steven P. 2000. “Diverging Fertility Among U.S. Women Who Delay Childbearing Past
Age 30.” Demography, 37 (4): 523-533.
d. Nonmarital Fertility
Smith, Herbert L., S. Philip Morgan, and Tanya Koropeckyj-Cox. 1996. “A Decomposition ofTrends in the Nonmarital Fertility Ratios of Blacks and Whites in the United States, 1960-1992.”
Demography, 33 (2): 141-151.
Wu, Larry. 2008. “Cohort Estimates of Nonmarital Fertility for U.S. Women.” Demography
45(1):193-207.
VI. MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY
A. Historical Mortality Patterns
McKeown, Thomas. 1979. “Chapter #3: Decline of Mortality; Chapter #8: Medical Achievement;
and Chapter #13: Dream, Mirage or Nemesis?” Pp. 29-44; 91-113; 176-189 in The Role ofMedicine: Dream, Mirage, or Nemesis? Princeton: Princeton University Press.
McKeown, Thomas, R.G. Brown, and R.G. Record. 1972. “An Interpretation of the Modern Riseof Population in Europe.” Population and Development Review, 26 (3):345-382.
Kunitz, Stephen J. 1986. “Mortality Since Malthus.” Pp. 279-302 The State of Population
Theory: Forward from Malthus edited by David Coleman and Roger Schofield. Oxford: BasicBlackwell.
B. Mortality in Developed Countries
1. General
Crimmins, Eileen M. 1981. “The Changing Pattern of American Mortality Decline, 1940-77, and
Its Implications for the Future.” Population and Development Review, 7 (2): 229-254.
Kunitz, Stephen J. 1987. “Explanations and Ideologies of Mortality Patterns.” Population andDevelopment Review, 13 (3): 379-408.
Kannisto, Vaino, Jens Lauritsen, A. Roger Thatcher, and James W. Vaupel. 1994. “Reductions inMortality at Advanced Ages: Several Decades of Evidence from 27 Countries.” Population andDevelopment Review, 20 (4): 793-810.
Rogers, Richard G. 1992. “Living and Dying in the U.S.A.: Sociodemographic Determinants of
Death Among Blacks and Whites.” Demography, 29 (2): 287-303.

11

Ratzan, Scott C., Gary L. Filerman, and John W. LeSar. 2000. “Attaining Global Health:
Challenges and Opportunities,” Population Bulletin, 55 (1): 1-48.
2. Relationships of Social Factors to Mortality and Morbidity
Hummer, Robert A., Daniel A. Powers, Starling G. Pullum, Ginger L. Gossman, W. Parker
Frisbie. 2008. “Paradox Found (Again): Infant Mortality among the Mexican-Origin Populationin the United States.” Demography 44(3):441-458.
Preston, Samuel H. and Paul Taubman. 1994. “Socioeconomic Differences in Adult Mortality and
Health Status.” Pp. 279-318 in Demography of Aging edited by Linda G. Martin and Samuel H.
Preston. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
Hummer, Robert A. 1993. “Racial Differences in Infant Mortality in the U.S.: An Examinationof Social and Health Determinants.” Social Forces, 72 (2): 529-554.
C. Mortality in Developing Countries
1. General
Mosley, W. Henry and Lincoln C. Chen. 1984. “An Analytic Framework for the Study of Child
Survival in Developing Countries.” Population and Development Review, 10 (Supplement): 2548.
Bongaarts, John. 1996. “Global Trends in AIDS Mortality.” Population and Development
Review, 22 (1): 21-45.
Das Gupta, Monica. 1987. “Selective Discrimination Against Female Children in Rural Punjab,
India.” Population and Development Review, 13 (1): 77-100.
Caldwell, John C. 1986. “Routes to Low Mortality in Poor Countries.” Population andDevelopment Review, 12 (2): 171-220.
Hill, Kenneth and Anne R. Pebley. 1989. “Child Mortality in the Developing World.” Population
and Development Review, 15 (4): 657-687.
Coale, Ansley J. and Judith Banister. 1994. “Five Decades of Missing Females in China.”
Demography, 31 (3): 459-479.
Preston, Samuel H. 1996. “Population Studies of Mortality.” Population Studies, 50 (3): 525-536.
Mosley, W. Henry and Peter Cowley. 1991. “The Challenges of World Health.” Population
Bulletin, 46 (4): 1-39.
Preston, Samuel H. 1975. “The Changing Relation Between Mortality and Level of Economic
Development.” Population Studies, 29 (2): 231-248.
Oeppen, Jim and James W. Vaupel. 2002. “Broken Limits to Life Expectancy.” Science, 296:
1029-1031.
2. Relationships of Social Factors to Mortality and Morbidity

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Hu, Yuanreng and Noreen Goldman. 1990. “Mortality Differentials by Marital Status: An
International Comparison.” Demography, 27 (2): 233-250.
Palloni, Alberto. 2006. “Childhood health and reproduction of inequalities.” Demography
43:587-616.
Preston, Samuel H. 1980. “Causes and Consequences of Mortality Declines in less Developed
Countries During the Twentieth Century.” Pp. 289-341 in Population and Economic Change in
Developing Countries edited by Richard A. Easterlin. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Kunitz, Stephen J. 1986. “Mortality Since Malthus.” Pp. 279-302 The State of Population
Theory: Forward from Malthus edited by David Coleman and Roger Schofield. Oxford: BasicBlackwell.
D. Infant Mortality
Cramer, James C. 1987. “Social Factors and Infant Mortality: Identifying High-Risk Groups andProximate Causes.” Demography, 24 (3): 299-322.
Eberstein, Isaac W. and Jan Reese Parker. 1984. “Racial Differences in Infant Mortality by Causeof Death: The Impact of Birth Weight and Maternal Age.” Demography, 21 (3): 309-321.
Hobcroft, J.N., J.W. McDonald, and S.O. Rutein. 1985. “Demographic Determinants of Infant
and Early Child Mortality: A Comparative Analysis.” Population Studies, 39 (3): 363-385.
Kishor, Sunita. 1993. “’May God Give Sons to All’: Gender and Child Mortality in India.”
American Sociological Review, 58 (2): 247-265.
Preston, Samuel H. and Michael R. Harris. 1991. “Chapter #1: The Social and Medical Context ofChild Mortality in the Late Nineteenth Century and Chapter #6: Yesterday and Today:
Restatement of a Main Theme. Pp. 3-48; 208-210 in Fatal Years: Child Mortality in Late
Nineteenth-Century America. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Desai, Sonalde and Soumya Alva. 1998. “Maternal Education and Child Health: Is There aStrong Causal Relationship?” Demography, 35 (1): 71-81.
VII. MIGRATION AND URBANIZATION
A. General
Goldstein, Sidney. 1976. “Facets of Redistribution: Research Challenges and Opportunities.”
Demography, 13 (4): 423-434.
B. Theories
Lee, Everett S. 1966. “A Theory of Migration.” Demography, 3 (1): 47-57.
Massey, Douglas S., Joaquin Arango, Graeme Hugo, Ali Kouaouci, Adela Pellegrino, and J.
Edward Taylor. 1993. “Theories of International Migration: A Review and Appraisal.”
Population and Development Review, 19 (3): 431-466.

13

Portes, Alejandro. 1997. “Immigration Theory for a New Century: Some Problems andOpportunities.” International Migration Review, 31 (4): 799-825. (Reprinted 1997, pp. 21-33 in
The Handbook of International Migration: The American Experience edited by Charles
Hirschman, Philip Kasinitz, and Josh DeWind. New York: Russell Sage Foundation).
Todaro, Michael P. 1989. “Chapter #9: Urbanization and Rural-Urban Migration: Theory and
Policy.” Pp. 263-289 in Economic Development in the Third World. 4th ed. New York: Longman.
C. Development and Urbanization
Brockerhoff, Martin P. 2000. “An Urbanizing World.” Population Bulletin, 55 (3): 1-44.
Chant, Sylvia and Sarah A. Radcliffe. 1992. “Migration and Development: The Importance ofGender.” Pp. 1-29 in Gender and Migration in Developing Countries edited by Sylvia Chant.
London: Belhaven Press.
Massey, Douglas S. 1988. “Economic Development and International Migration in Comparative
Perspective.” Population and Development Review, 14 (3): 383-413.
Rogers, Andrei and Jeffrey G. Williamson. 1982. “Migration, Urbanization, and Third World
Development: An Overview.” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 30 (3): 463-482.
Eberstadt, Nicholas. 1994. “Demographic Shocks After Communism: Eastern Germany, 198993.” Population and Development Review, 20 (1): 137-152.
D. International Migration Issues
Martin, Philip and Jonas Widgren. 2002. “International Migration: Facing the Challenge.”
Population Bulletin, 57 (1): 1-40.
Martin, Philip and Elizabeth Midgley. 2006. “Immigration: Shaping and Reshaping America.” 2nded. Population Bulletin, 61 (4): 1-28.
Castles, Stephen and Mark J. Miller. 2003. “Chapter #1: Introduction and Chapter #2: The
Migratory Process and the Formation of Ethnic Minorities.” Pp. 1-49 in The Age of Migration. 3rd
ed. New York: The Guilford Press.
Jasso, Guillermina, Douglas S. Massey, Mark R. Rosenzweig, and James P. Smith. 2000. “TheNew Immigrant Survey Pilot (NIS-P): Overview and New Findings About U.S. Legal Immigrants
at Admission.” Demography, 37 (1): 127-138.
Durand, Jorge, William Kandel, Emilio A. Parrado, and Douglas S. Massey. 1996. “International
Migration and Development in Mexican Communities.” Demography, 33 (2): 249-264.
Stark, Oded and J. Edward Taylor. 1989. “Relative Deprivation and International Migration.”
Demography, 26 (1): 1-14.
Tyree, Andrea and Katharine M. Donato. 1986. “A Demographic Overview of the International
Migration of Women.” Pp. 21-41 in International Migration: The Female Experience edited by
Rita James Simon and Caroline B. Brettall. Totowa: Rowman & Allanheld.

14

Hugo, Graeme. 2000. “Migration and Women’s Empowerment.” Pp. 287-317 in Women’s
Empowerment and Demographic Processes: Moving Beyond Cairo edited by Harriet B. Presser
and Gita Sen. New York: Oxford University Press.
Tietelbaum, Michael S. and Sharon Stanton Russell. 1994. “International Migration, Fertility, andDevelopment.” Pp. 229-252 in Population and Development: Old Debates, New Conclusionsedited by Robert Cassen. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
E. Migration in LDCs
1. General
Castles, Stephen and Mark J. Miller. 2003. “Chapter #6: The Next Waves: The Globalization ofInternational Migration and Chapter #7: New Migrations in the Asia-Pacific Region.” Pp. 122177 in The Age of Migration. 3rd ed. New York: The Guilford Press.
Kols, Adrienne and Dana Lewison. 1983. “Migration, Population Growth, and Development.”
Population Reports, M (7): M245-M287.
Massey, Douglas S. 1988. “Economic Development and International Migration in Comparative
Perspective.” Population and Development Review, 14 (3): 383-413.
Preston, Samuel H. 1979. “Urban Growth in Developing Countries: A Demographic
Reappraisal.” Population and Development Review, 5 (2): 195-215.
Rogers, Andrei and Jeffrey G. Williamson. 1982. “Migration, Urbanization, and Third World
Development: An Overview.” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 30 (3): 463-482.
2. Specific Countries
Brown, Lawrence A. and Andrew R. Goetz. 1987. “Development-Related Contextual Effects andIndividual Attributes in Third World Migration Processes: A Venezuelan Example.”
Demography, 24 (4): 497-516.
Goldstein, Sidney. 1990. “Urbanization in China, 1982-87: Effects of Migration and
Reclassification.” Population and Development Review, 16 (4): 673-701.
Weiner, Myron. 1982. “International Migration and Development: Indians in the Persian Gulf.”
Population and Development Review, 8 (1): 1-36.
F. Migration in More Developed Countries
Wilson, Franklin D. 1988. “Aspects of Migration in an Advanced Industrial Society.” American
Sociological Review, 53 (1): 113-126.
Frey, William H. 2003. “Metropolitan Magnets for International Migration.” Washington, D.C.:
The Brookings Institution.
Charles, Camille Zubrinsky. 2003. “The Dynamics of Racial Residential Segregation.” Annual
Review of Sociology, 29: 167-207.

15

Long, Larry, C. Jack Tucker, and William L. Urton. 1988. “Migration Distances: An International
Comparison.” Demography, 25 (4): 633-640.
Demeny, Paul. 2003. “Population Policy Dilemmas in Europe at the Dawn of the Twenty-First
Century.” Population Development and Review, 29 (1): 1-28.
Iceland, John. 2004. “Beyond Black and White Metropolitan Residential Segregation in MultiEthnic America.” Social Science Research, 33 (2): 248-271.
VIII. FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
A. General
Cotter, David A., Joan M. Hermsen, and Reeve Vanneman. 2005. “Gender Inequality at Work.”
Pp. 107-137 in The American People: Census 2000 edited by Reynolds Farley and John Haaga.
New York and Washington, D.C.: Russell Sage Foundation and Population Reference Bureau.
Bianchi, Suzanne M. and Daphne Spain. 1996. “Women, Work, and Family in America.”
Population Bulletin, 51 (3): 1-46.
Blau, Francine D., Marianne A. Ferber, and Anne E. Winkler. 2002. The Economics of Women,
Men, and Work. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
Goldin, Claudia. 1990. “Chapter #5: The Changing Economic Role of Married Women.” Pp. 119158 in Understanding the Gender Gap: An Economic History of American Women. New York:
Oxford University Press.
Oppenheimer, Valerie Kincade. 1994. “Women’s Rising Employment and the Future of the
Family in Industrialized Societies.” Population and Development Review, 20 (2): 293-342.
B. Parental Employment and Child Care
Smolensky, Eugene and Jennifer Appleton Gootman. 2003. “The Effects of Child Care.” Pp. 99177 in Working Families and Growing Kids: Caring for Children and Adolescents edited by
Eugene Smolensky and Jennifer Appleton Gootman. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
Presser, Harriet B. 1989. “Can We Make Time for Children? The Economy, Work Schedules, andChild Care: Population Association of America, 1989 Presidential Address.” Demography, 26(4): 523-543.
Presser, Harriet B. 1995. “Are the Interests of Women Inherently at Odds With the Interests ofChildren or Family? A Viewpoint.” Pp. 297-319 in Gender and Family Change in Industrialized
Countries edited by Karen Oppenheim Mason and An-Magrit Jensen. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
Hofferth, Sandra L. 1999. “Child Care, Maternal Employment, and Public Policy.” Annals of theAmerican Academy of Political and Social Science, 563: 20-38.
Bianchi, Suzanne M. 2000. “Maternal Employment and Time With Children: Dramatic Change
or Surprising Continuity?” Demography, 37 (4): 401-414.

16

Casper, Lynne M. and Suzanne M. Bianchi. 2002. “Child Care.” Pp. 177-228 in Continuity andChange in the American Family. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
C. Occupational Sex Segregation and the Wage Gap
Cotter, David A., JoAnn DeFiore, Joan M. Hermsen, Brenda Marteller, and Reeve Vanneman.
1997. “All Women Benefit: The Macro-Level Effect of Occupational Integration on Gender
Earnings Equality.” American Sociological Review, 62 (5): 714-734.
Jacobs, Jerry A. 1989. “Long-Term Trends in Occupational Segregation by Sex.” American
Journal of Sociology, 95 (1): 160-173.
Anker, Richard. 1997. “Theories of Occupational Segregation by Sex: An Overview.”
International Labor Review, 136 (3): 315-339.
Charles, Maria. 1992. “Cross-National Variation in Occupational Sex Segregation.” American
Sociological Review, 57 (4): 483-502.
Acker, Joan. 1994. “Women, Families, and Public Policy in Sweden.” Pp. 33-50 in Women, theFamily, and Policy: A Global Perspective edited by Esther Ngan-ling Chow and Catherine WhiteBerheide. New York: State University of New York Press.
IX. MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY
A. Historical
Hanjal, J. 1965. “European Marriage Patterns in Perspective.” Pp. 101-143 in Population in
History: Essays in Historical Demography edited by David V. Glass and David E. C. Eversley.
Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company.
Guinnane, Timothy. 1991. “Re-thinking the Western European Marriage Pattern: The Decision to
Marry in Ireland at the Turn of the Twentieth Century.” Journal of Family History, 16 (1): 47-64.
Coontz, Stephanie. 2004. “The World Historical Transformation of Marriage.” Journal of
Marriage and Family 66 (November): 974-979.
B. General
Becker, Gary S. 1991. A Treatise on the Family. Enlarged ed. Cambridge: Harvard University
Press.
Bergmann, Barbara R. 1995. “Becker’s Theory of the Family: Preposterous Conclusions.”
Feminist Economics, 1 (1): 141-150.
Cherlin, Andrew J. 2004. “The Deinstitutionalization of American Marriage.” Journal of
Marriage and Family 66 (November): 848-861.
McLanahan, Sara and Lynne Casper. 1995. “Growing Diversity and Inequality in the American
Family.” Pp. 1-45 in State of the Union: America in the 1990s edited by Reynolds Farley. New
York: Russell Sage Foundation.

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Riley, Nancy E. 1997. “Gender, Power, and Population Change.” Population Bulletin, 52 (1): 148.
Schwartz, Christine R. and Robert D. Mare. 2005. “Trends in Educational Assortative Marriage
from 1940 to 2003.” Demography 42 (November): 621-646.

C. Marriage and Cohabitation
Bumpass, Larry and Hsien-Hen Lu. 2000. “Trends in Cohabitation and Implications forChildren’s Family Contexts in the United States.” Population Studies 54: 29-41.
Edin, Kathryn and Joanna Reed. 2005. “Why Don’t They Just Get Married? Barriers to Marriage
Among the Disadvantaged.” The Future of Children15 (Fall): 117-130.
Furstenberg, Jr., Frank F. 1988. “Good Dads – Bad Dads: Two Faces of Fatherhood.” Pp. 193218 in The Changing American Family and Public Policy edited by Andrew J. Cherlin.
Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute Press.
Liefbroer, Aart C. and Edith Dourleijn. 2006. “Unmarried Cohabitation and Union Stability:
Testing the Role of Diffusion Using Data from 16 European Countries.”
Demography 43 (May): 203-221.
Lillard, Lee A., Michael J. Brien, and Linda J. White. 1995. “Premarital Cohabitation and
Subsequent Marital Dissolution: A Matter of Self-Selection?” Demography, 32 (3): 437-457.
Lundberg, Shelly and Robert A. Pollack. 1996. “Bargaining and Distribution in Marriage.”
Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10 (4): 139-158.
Popenoe, David. 1996. “Chapter #6: The Essential Father.” Pp. 164-188 in Life Without Father.
New York: The Free Press/Martin Kessler Books.
Waite, Linda J. 1995. “Does Marriage Matter?” Demography, 32 (4): 483-507.
Waite, Linda J. (Ed.), Christine Bachrach, Michelle Hindin, Elizabeth Thomson, and Arland
Thornton. (Co-eds). 2000. The Ties that Bind: Perspectives on Marriage and Cohabitation. New
York: Aldine de Gruyter.
D. Divorce and Remarriage: Patterns and Consequences
Bumpass, Larry L., James A. Sweet, and Andrew Cherlin. 1991. “The Role of Cohabitation in
Declining Rates of Marriage.” Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53 (4): 913-927.
Cherlin, Andrew. 1978. “Remarriage as an Incomplete Institution.” American Journal of
Sociology, 84 (3): 634-650.
Duncan, Greg J. and Sail D. Hoffman. 1985. “A Reconsideration of the Economic Consequencesof Marital Dissolution.” Demography, 22 (4): 485-497.

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Holden, Karen C. and Pamela J. Smock. 1991. “The Economic Cost of Marital Dissolution: Why
Do Women Bear a Disproportionate Cost?” Annual Review of Sociology, 17: 51-78.
White, Lynn K. 1990. “Determinants of Divorce: A Review of Research in the Eighties.” Journalof Marriage and the Family, 52 (4): 904-912.
Sayer, Liana C. and Suzanne M. Bianchi. 2000. “Women’s Economic Independence and theProbability of Divorce: A Review and Reexamination.” Journal of Family Issues, 21 (7): 906943.
E. Family Formations and Living Arrangements
Bumpass, Larry L., R. Kelly Raley, and James A. Sweet. 1995. “The Changing Character ofStepfamilies: Implications of Cohabitation and Nonmarital Childbearing.” Demography, 32 (3):425-436.
Desai, Sonalde. 1992. “Children at Risk: The Role of the Family Structure in Latin America andWest Africa.” Population Development and Review, 18 (4): 689-717.
Garasky, Steven and Daniel R. Meyer. 1996. “Reconsidering the Increase in Father-Only
Families.” Demography, 33 (3): 385-393.
Guzzo, Karen Benjamin and Frank Furstenberg Jr. 2007. “Multi-partnered Fertility Among
American Men.” Demography 44 (August): 583-601.
Hofferth, Sandra. 2006. “Residential Father Family Type and Child Well-Being: Investment
Versus Selection. Demography. 43 (February): 53-78.
Lloyd, Cynthia B. and Sonalde Desai. 1992. “Children’s Living Arrangements in Developing
Countries.” Population Research and Policy Review, 11 (3): 193-216.
McLanahan, Sara and Gary Sandefur. 1994. Growing Up With a Single Parent: What Hurts,
What Helps. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Ruggles, Steven. 2007. “The Decline of Intergenerational Coresidene in the United States, 18502000.” American Sociological Review 72 (October):F. Welfare/Poverty
1. Welfare/Poverty
Corcoran, Mary. 2001. “Mobility, Persistence, and the Consequences of Poverty for Children:Child and Adult Outcomes.” Pp. 127-161 in Understanding Poverty edited by Sheldon H.
Danziger and Robert H. Haveman. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Edin, Kathryn and Laura Lein. 1997. “Work, Welfare, and Single Mothers’ Economic Survival
Strategies.” American Sociological Review, 62 (2): 253-266.
Heuveline, Patrick, and Matthew Weinshenker. 2008. “The International Child Poverty Gap:
Does Demography Matter?” Demography 45(1):173-191.

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Moffitt, Robert. 2002. “From Welfare to Work: What the Evidence Shows.” Washington, D.C.:
The Brookings Institute.
Presser, Harriet B. and Amy G. Cox. 1997. “The Work Schedules of Low-Educated American
Women and Welfare Reform.” Monthly Labor Review, 120 (4): 25-34.
Iceland, John. 2003. “Chapter #5: Causes of Poverty; Chapter #6: Why Poverty Remains High,
Revisited; and Chapter #7: Poverty and Policy.” Pp. 70-141 Poverty in America: A Handbook.
Berkley: University of California Press. (“Chapter 5: Causes of Poverty.” Pp. 70-97).
Lichter, Daniel T. and Martha L. Crowley. 2002. “Poverty in America: Beyond Welfare Reform.”
Population Bulletin, 57 (2): 1-36.
2. Economic Theories and Critiques
Becker, Gary. 1974. “A Theory of Marriage.” Pp. 299-344 in Economics of the Family:
Marriage, Children, and Human Capital edited by Theodore W. Schultz. Chicago: University of
Chicago.
Oppenheimer, Valerie Kincade. 1988. “A Theory of Marriage Timing.” American Journal of
Sociology, 94 (3): 563-591.
X. POPULATION POLICY
A. Population and Development
Davis, Kingsley. 1971. “The Nature and Purpose of Population Policy.” Pp. 3-29 in California’s
Twenty Million edited by Kingsley Davis and Frederick D. Styles. Berkley: Institute ofInternational Studies, University of California.
Demeny, Paul. 1988. “Social Science and Population Policy.” Population and Development
Review, 14 (3): 451-479.
Finkle, Jason L. and Barbara B. Crane. 1975. “The Politics of Bucharest: Population,
Development, and the New International Economic Order.” Population and Development Review,
1 (1): 87-114.
Finkle, Jason L. and Barbara B. Crane. 1985. “Ideology and Politics at Mexico City: The UnitedStates at the 1984 International Conference on Population.” Population and Development Review,
11 (1): 1-28.
McIntosh, C. Alison and Jason L. Finkle. 1995. “The Cairo Conference on Population andDevelopment: A New Paradigm?” Population and Development Review, 21 (2): 223-260.
Presser, Harriet B. 1997. “Demography, Feminism, and the Science-Policy Nexus.” Population
and Development Review, 23 (2): 295-331.
Knodel, John and Gavin W. Jones. 1996. “Post-Cairo Population Policy: Does Promoting Girls’
Schooling Miss the Mark?” Population and Development Review, 22 (4): 683-702.

20Jeffery, Roger and Alaka M. Basu. 1996. “Schooling as Contraception?” Pp. 15-47 in Girls’
Schooling, Women’s Autonomy and Fertility Change in South Asia edited by Roger Jeffery andAlaka M. Basu. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
B. Gender
Agarwal, Bina. 1994. “Gender and Command Over Property: A Critical Gap in Economic
Analysis and Policy in South Asia.” World Development, 22 (10): 1455-1478.
Dixon-Mueller, Ruth. 1993. “Chapter #1: Human Rights, Women’s Rights, and Reproductive
Freedom: The Evolution of Ideas.” Pp. 3-27 in Population Policy and Women’s Rights:
Transforming Reproductive Choice. Westport: Praeger.
Sen, Gita and Srilatha Batliwala. 2000. “Empowering Women for Reproductive Rights.” Pp. 1536 in Women’s Empowerment and Demographic Processes: Moving Beyond Cairo edited byHarriet B. Presser and Gita Sen. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kishor, Sunita. 2000. “Empowerment of Women in Egypt and Links to the Survival and Healthof Their Infants.” Pp. 119-156 in Women’s Empowerment and Demographic Processes: Moving
Beyond Cairo edited by Harriet B. Presser and Gita Sen. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hugo, Graeme. 2000. “Migration and Women’s Empowerment.” Pp. 287-317 in Women’s
Empowerment and Demographic Processes: Moving Beyond Cairo edited by Harriet B. Presser
and Gita Sen. New York: Oxford University Press.
Barroso, Carmen and Jodi L. Jacobson. 2000. “Population Policy and Women’s Empowerment:
Challenges and Opportunities.” Pp. 351-376 in Women’s Empowerment and Demographic
Processes: Moving Beyond Cairo edited by Harriet B. Presser and Gita Sen. New York: Oxford
University Press.
Presser, Harriet B. 2001. “Comment: A Gender Perspective for Understanding Low Fertility in
Post-Transnational Societies.” Population and Development Review, 27 (Supplement): 177-183.
C. Family Planning
1. General
Bongaarts, John, W. Parker Mauldin, and James F. Phillips. 1990. “The Demographic Impact ofFamily Planning Programs.” Studies in Family Planning, 21 (6): 299-310.
Demeny, Paul. 1987. “The Economic Rationale of Family Programs.” Technology in Society, 9:439-461.
Donaldson, Peter J. and Amy Ong Tsui. 1990. “The International Family Planning Movement.”
Population Bulletin, 45 (3): 1-45.
Freedman, Ronald. 1990. “Family Planning Programs in the Third World.” Annals of theAmerican Academy of Political and Social Science, 510: 33-43.
Pritchett, Lant H. 1994. “Desired Fertility and the Impact of Population Policies.” Population andDevelopment Review, 20 (1): 1-55.

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Bongaarts, John. 1994. “The Impact of Population Policies: Comment.” Population andDevelopment Review, 20 (3): 616-620.
Pritchett, Lant H. 1994. “The Impact of Population Policies: Reply.” Population andDevelopment Review, 20 (3): 621-630.
2. Specific Countries
McCann, Carole R. 1994. Birth Control Politics in the United States, 1916-1945. Ithaca: Cornell
University Press.
Entwisle, Barbara, John B. Casterline, and Hussein A. A. Sayed. 1989. “Villages as Contexts forContraceptive Behavior in Rural Egypt.” American Sociological Review, 54 (6): 1019-1034.
Greenhalgh, Susan. 1994. “Controlling Births and Bodies in Village China.” American
Ethnologist, 21 (1): 3-30.
Fisher, Kate. 2000. “Uncertain Aims and Tacit Negotiation: Birth Control Practices in Britain,
1925-50.” Population and Development Review, 26 (2): 295-317.
D. Pro-Natatlist Policies
Myrdal, Alva. 1945. “Foreward and Preface; Chapter VII: Goals for a Population Policy; Chapter
VII: Means for a Population Policy; Chapter IX: In Cash or In Kind; Chapter X: Official
Programs and Legislative Acts; Chapter XXII: One Sex Social Problem.” Pp. v-xxiii; 100-174;
398-426 in Nation and Family: The Swedish Experiment in Democratic Family and Population
Policy. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., LTD.
Tietelbaum, Michael S. and Jay M. Winter. 1985. “Chapter #2: Demography and International
Politics, 1870-1945 and Chapter #3: Demography and Internal Politics, 1870-1945.” Pp. 13-62 in
The Fear of Population Decline. Orlando: Academic Press, Inc.
David, Henry. 1990. “Romania Ends Compulsory Childbearing.” Population Today, March: 4, 910.
Lee, Sharon M., Gabriel Alvarez, and J. John Palen. 1991. “Fertility Decline and Pronatalist
Policy in Singapore.” International Family Planning Perspectives, 17 (2): 65-69, 73.
Steinmann, Gunter. 1991. “Immigration as a Remedy for Birth Dearth: The Case of West
Germany.” Pp. 337-357 in Future Demographic Trends in Europe and North America edited by
Wolfgang Lutz. Orlando: Academic Press, Inc.
Demeny, Paul. 2003. “Population Policy Dilemmas in Europe at the Dawn of the Twenty-First
Century.” Population Development and Review, 29 (1): 1-28.
Chesnais, Jean-Claude. 1996. “Fertility, Family, and Social Policy in Contemporary Western
Europe.” Population and Development Review, 22 (4): 729-739.

XI. AGING AND INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONS

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Bengtson, Vern L. 2001. "Beyond the Nuclear Family: The Increasing Importance ofMultigenerational Bonds." Journal of Marriage and Family 63: 1-16.
Bianchi, Suzanne M., V. Joseph Hotz, Kathleen McGarry, and Judith A. Seltzer. 2007.
"Intergenerational Ties: Alternative Theories, Empirical Findings and Trends, and Remaining
Challenges." In A. Booth, N. Crouter, S. Bianchi, and J. Seltzer (eds.) Caring and Exchange
Within and Across Generations." Washington DC: Urban Institute Press.
Bongaarts, John. 2004. "Population Aging and the Rising Cost of Public Pensions." Population
and Development Review 30:1-24.
Goldscheider, F. (1990) "The aging of the gender revolution: What do we know and what do weneed to know?" Research on Aging 12:531-545.
Kevin Kinsella & David R. Phillips (2005) "Global Aging: The Challenge of Success" PRB
Bulletin 60(1)Preston, Samuel. 1984. "Children and the Elderly: Divergent Paths for America's Dependents."
Demography 21(4):435-457.

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