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>=@;9/EF012?5<CD:37A"864B"

Study of Elasticity at Stony Brook University
Outline High Pressure Elasticity study is one of
the three core programs in the Mineral Physics
Institute of Stony Brook University$SBU%. The
elasticity group, led by Professor Baosheng Li,
the pioneer of the modern techniques for ultrasonicinterferometry measurements in large volume
high pressure apparatus$ Li, Jackson, Gasparik,and Liebermann, PEPI, .-, ,., '..+%, hasconducted acoustic velocity measurements on
many mantle minerals at mantle pressures andtemperatures, including olivine and its high pressure polymorphs, low and high pressure phases ofpyroxenes, and lower mantle perovskite. These results are indispensable for the interpretation of theseismic velocity-depth profiles as well as lateral heterogeneities in terms of variations of temperatureand composition. Members of the group consist of faculty from Mineral Physics Institute andDepartment of Geosciences of SBU, research scientist, postdoctoral research associates, and graduate
students. Currently, the group is working on the developments of novel ultrasonic techniques and data
analysis methods, static compression and phase transformations in Earth minerals and multi-functional
materials at high pressures, linear and non-linear elastic behaviors of materials at high P and T,
elastic stiffening/softening across phase transformations, thermoelastic properties and equation of stateof mantle and core phases for constraints on compositions of the Earth and other planets.

Facilities We use high pressure facilities both on campus and off-campus. On campus, available
facilities for elasticity studies include a (&&&#ton$SUMITOMO%
and a '&&&#ton$Kennedy-Getting
type%
MA#- type multi-anvil high pressure apparatus located in the High Pressure Lab at Stony Brook
University. Both presses are equipped with automatic pressurization/depressurization controls. In
addition to synthesizing experiments, these presses are also interfaced with ultrasonic interferometerfor velocity measurements up to )& GPa at room temperature. Off-campus, we have deployed a (*&#
ton$D%
DIA-type, MA#+ apparatus installed at X',B(, NSLS of Brookhaven National Lab, where
we developed the combined ultrasonic and X-radiation techniques for the first time in history$Li,
Liebermann, and Weidner, Science, (-', +,*, '..-%! A '&&&#ton press at X',B( of NSLS at
BNL is expected in operation by the end of the year (&'&!In addition to large volume presses, thegroup is also equipped with diamond anvil cells that can be used for in-house experiments and75

Center for Advanced Experimental and Theoretical Deep Earth Mineralogy

@?B=;1GH234A7>EF<59C":86D"

beamlines experiments using synchrotron X-ray source. To complement the experimental effort, thegroup also has a *)#core cluster for computational studies using first principles techniques.
Research Project Samples#!Velocities of wadsleyite at %#" km Depths
Olivine$Mg, Fe%)SiO+ is believed to be the major
component in the upper mantle, and the transformation
to wadsleyite is widely considered to be responsible forthe +(' km discontinuity. To interpret seismic models
in terms of mineralogy and chemical composition, theelastic bulk and shear moduli and their derivatives are
the critical parameters. Previous acoustic studies on iron
bearing wadsleyite have only been conducted either athigh pressure$up to (, GPa%and room temperature, orat high temperature$up to --' K%
and ambient pressure. The discrepancies in the derived pressure andtemperature dependence for the elastic moduli of wadsleyite have resulted in large inconsistencies in
the conclusions about olivine content in the upper mantle. Here a simultaneous ultrasonicinterferometry and X-ray diffraction measurement on$Mg'!/.Fe'!(*%)SiO+ wadsleyite were conducted to() GPa and ('.* K. The elastic moduli and their pressure and temperature derivatives are precisely
determined using a pressure-standard-free fit using finite strain equations to the velocity and unit cellvolume data in the entire pressure and temperature range$Liu, Kung, Li, Nishiyama, and Wang,
PEPI, (.+, 0/, )''0%!
$!Elasticity of Fayalite To further understand the material behavior across the phasetransformation, we have also conducted velocity measurements across the phase transformation of
fayalite-spinel of Fe)SiO$Liu,
Whitaker, Liu, Wang, and Li, Am. Mineral., in press, )'('%+

Compressional$P%and shear$S%wave velocities across the olivine-spinel transformation were
investigated in situ using combined synchrotron X-ray diffraction, X-ray imaging, and ultrasonicinterferometry up to ,!
, GPa along 0.* K and ((.* K isotherms. The onset of the spinel to olivinetransformation at +!
, GPa and olivine to spinel transition for Fe)SiO+ at +!
/ GPa was concurrently
observed from the X-ray diffraction, the amplitude of the ultrasonic signals, the calculated velocities,
no velocity softening was observed prior to the fayalite to spinel transition. The velocity contrasts
across the Fe)SiO+ spinel to fayalite phase transition are derived directly from the measured velocities,
which are (* and ()& for P and S waves, respectively.

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