ENUM Activities in Japan- With Focus on Japan ENUM Study Group -August 25, 2003

Hiro Hotta
hotta@jprs.co.jp

JPRS (Japan Registry Service)© Copyright 2003, JPRS

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Establishment of ENUM Study Group• ENUM technologies– being standardized in IETF
– specifications almost fixed• Policy of International Operation– had been discussed and becoming more well-defined in ITU-T– published as Supplement Document• ENUM trial environment– being prepared by IAB，RIPE NCC，ITU-T, etc.
– being under trial in several countries• In Japan– IP telephone services are rapidly growing– 050xxxxyyyy is being assigned to IP telephones- ENUM should be well studied and understood- How ENUM is used should be made clear© Copyright 2003, JPRS

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Objectives• Understanding the ENUM technology• Studying the implementation and operation of theENUM–based system, and related matters• Finding political/regulatory issues related to ENUMbased implementation and operation• Finding technological issues related to ENUM
• Clarifying pros and cons in ENUM usage

The followings are studied- ENUM technology- Related technology such as DNS，URI，DDDS© Copyright 2003, JPRS

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Members• Chair– Shigeki Goto (Waseda Univ.)• Vice Chair– Susumu Sano (JPNIC)• Secretariat– JPNIC• Members (23)– Telecommunication companies– IP telephone service providers– Network Device Vendors– Network Solution Providers– ccTLD registry (JPRS)– Trading companies– Non-profit organizations– Professionals from universities• Observers– Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts andTelecommunications (MPHPT)© Copyright 2003, JPRSAPT-ITU Workshop on ENUM and IDN

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Scope• ENUM technology itself• Some issues happening after resolving the telephone
number mapping is important to implement anddeploy the service, but they are out of scope oncurrent Japan ENUM Study Group• Its report in May 2003 covers– Outline of ENUM
– What are solved by ENUM
– Registration model of ENUM
– Privacy and security in ENUM

• All the activities were on the desk
– No experiment / no trial© Copyright 2003, JPRS

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Identification of applications by E.164 numbers© Copyright 2003, JPRS

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From traditional telephones to Internet telephones© Copyright 2003, JPRS

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From Internet telephones to traditional telephones© Copyright 2003, JPRS

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Within a telephone network© Copyright 2003, JPRS

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9Tier structure• Tier structure and DNS zone structure– Country dependent– Existing structures of Telecom and Internet-relatedindustry should be considered and a new
combined/compromised structure may be necessary toutilize ENUM

• Recommendation– Boundary between Tier0 and Tier1 is 1.8.e164.arpa• as +81 is used for subscribers if and only if in Japan– Boundary between Tier1 and Tier2 has some options• Examples are shown in next pages© Copyright 2003, JPRS

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Boundary between Tier1 and Tier2 (model1)
Tier1 has phone numbers in full and no Tier2 is introduced
e164.arpa
Tier0
1.8.e164.arpa

Tier1

This model gives stable coherent
services to all the subscribers.

telephone numbers
NS record© Copyright 2003, JPRSNAPTR record

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Boundary between Tier1 and Tier2 (model2)
Tier1 has phone numbers in full and Tier2 handles a
NAPTR record of each number.
e164.arpa
Tier0
1.8.e164.arpa

Tier1
Each subscriber can choose Tier2
provider to get preferred service.

telephone numbers
Tier2
NS record© Copyright 2003, JPRSNAPTR record

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Boundary between Tier1 and Tier2 (model3)
Boundary corresponds to the chunks (10,000 numbers)
assigned to Telecom providers.
e164.arpaTier0
1.8.e164.arpa
Telephone provider and Tier2 registry canbe the same, in which case themanagement of users may be efficient.

Tier1050xxxx

090zzzz

050yyyy. . .

Tier2

telephone numbers
NS record© Copyright 2003, JPRSNAPTR record

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Boundary between Tier1 and Tier2 (model4)
Tier1 is divided into groups corresponding to chunks, each
represents a phone service for example.
e164.arpa
Tier0
1.8.e164.arpa
for example, 050 for IP phones and 090
for mobile phones

050

Tier1050xxxx

090090zzzz

050yyyy

. . .

Tier2

telephone numbers
NS record© Copyright 2003, JPRSNAPTR record

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User ENUM and Operator ENUM
• User ENUM and Operator ENUM
– Definitions of them were inevitable in carrying forward a discussion– Definition should have been done with our words and withknowledge of national telecom industry structure• User ENUM
– Each user of E.164 number, who subscribes a telecom service
identified by the number, registers his/her favorite application
services to ENUM records at his/her will
– IETF, UKEG, ENUM Forum(US) seem to mainly give focus on thiscategory• Operator ENUM
– A provider, which has assigned the number to the user, uses ENUM
records to implement its service identified by the number at its will
– This receives interests from IP telephone service providers in Japan• Combined models of User and Operator ENUM
– Addition of User ENUM flavor to Operator ENUM
– Addition of Operator ENUM flavor to User ENUM

© Copyright 2003, JPRS

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country/regiondelegation

authentication
authority
authenticationdelegationauthentication
authority
authentication© Copyright 2003, JPRS

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Registration model (1)User ENUM managed by
Communication providers

authentication
authority

authentication
authoritycommunication
service provider© Copyright 2003, JPRS

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Registration model (2)User ENUM managed by ENUM operators
independent of communication providers

authentication
authority

authentication
authoritycommunication
service provider© Copyright 2003, JPRS

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Registration model (3)Operator ENUM
authenticationauthority

authentication
authoritycommunication
service provider© Copyright 2003, JPRS

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Example of registration policies• Mandatory– Operators register ENUM records to implement theircommunication services– Typical in Operator ENUM

• Opt-in– Users register ENUM records spontaneously– Typical in User ENUM

• Restriction of available services– Only allowed services can be registered– Only allowed parameters can be registered• Restriction on priorities– For example, services provided by primary telecom
operator are registered as prioritized© Copyright 2003, JPRS

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Privacy issues• Information within DNS– Destination address is publicized in DNS– For example, to hide a direct mail address• Register aci2hnwz@example.co.jp as NAPTR• Convert aci2hnwz to yamada in mail server• WHOIS information– Information on registrants is publicized in WHOIS
database for stable distributed operation– Balance should be made between operation
stability and privacy• Customer information– Should be secured as in the usual business© Copyright 2003, JPRS

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Security issues• ENUM– Spoofing of registrant– Falsification of registered data
– Exhaustive loop-up for collecting data– DoS• DNS– Wiretapping of DNS query– Falsification of DNS response– Spoofing of DNS server– Falsification of zone data
– Counterfeiting of cache– DoS• Communication service– Wiretapping of communicaiton– Falsification of caller/callee– SPAM– congestion– DoS© Copyright 2003, JPRS

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Access control issues• Information within ENUM DNS– All users can access the global unique DNS space– E.164 number space is globally unique– All users can access all the information on EMUM DNS• Users or communication providers– may want to restrict the users who can access the portion ofthe ENUM under their control• Possible solution– It seems there should be some mechanism to restrict theview in communication applications/devices (SIP, mail, …)© Copyright 2003, JPRS

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Other Issues• Availability– Response time
– MTBF, MTTR
– Disaster recovery– Perseverance against congestion and DoS attack• Reliability– Secondary servers© Copyright 2003, JPRS

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Future activity• More investigation on implementation and operation of User
ENUM and Operator ENUM will be put forward• Requirements will be investigated for both User ENUM andOperator ENUM
– Efficiency– Function– Reliability– Security– Privacy– Management structure of DNS– Provisioning process– etc.

• Issues in each model will be clarified• Experiment/trial will be commenced– to identify issues not extracted by the desk work
– to elaborate practical solutions© Copyright 2003, JPRS

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ENUM trial (in preparation)
Elements
Elements inin thethe communication
communication services
services onon ENUM
ENUM

subscription
application

initialregistration
provideruserENUM
DNS

resolution
communication(obtaining method andtarget address ofcommunication)
seletion/changechange of ENUM data
element1 ENUM infrastructureelement4 provisioning (registration of communication method)element2 ENUM application

element3 communication service on ENUM
PhasesPhases ofof thethe trial
trial

phsae1phase2phase3© Copyright 2003, JPRS

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ENUM trial (phase1)
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* experiment on connectivity
among applications
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Initial ne#of phoation
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Trial team member© Copyright 2003, JPRS

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APT-ITU Workshop on ENUM and IDN28ENUM trial (phase3)
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among communication services
with user ENUM
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