ENERGY STAR® Program Requirements
Product Specification for Imaging Equipment
Test Method for Determining
Imaging Equipment Energy Use
Draft 1 Rev. Aug-2017

1

1 OVERVIEW

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3

The following test method shall be used for determining product compliance with requirements in the
ENERGY STAR Eligibility Criteria for Imaging Equipment.

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2 APPLICABILITY
ENERGY STAR test requirements are dependent upon the feature set of the products under evaluation.
Table 1 shall be used to determine the applicability of each section of this document.

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Table 1: Test Procedure Applicability
Media Format

Marking Technology

ENERGY STAR
Evaluation Method

Standard

Direct Thermal (DT), Dye
Sublimation (DS), Electrophotographic (EP), Solid Ink (SI),
Thermal Transfer (TT)Typical Energy
Consumption (TEC)

Large

DT, DS, EP, SI, TT

Digital DuplicatorStandard

Fax MachineStandard

Mailing MachineAll

StencilDT, DS, EP, SI, TT
Ink Jet (IJ)
DT, EP, IJ, TT
High Performance IJ, DT, DS, EP,
SI, TT
IJ, Impact
High Performance IJ, DT, DS, EP,
IJ, SI, TT
High Performance IJ, DT, DS, EP,
SI, TT
IJ, Impact
DT, DS, EP, Impact, IJ, SI, TT
High Performance IJHigh Performance IJ
N/A

Product Type

CopierMultifunction Device(MFD)

Standard
LargeStandard

Printer

Scanner

Large or Small
Large
Small
All

ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Imaging Equipment – Test Method (Rev. Aug-2017)

Operational Mode
(OM)
TEC
TEC
OM
OM
TEC
OM
OM
TEC
OM
OM
OM
TEC
OM

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8

3 DEFINITIONS

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10Unless otherwise specified, all terms used in this document are consistent with the definitions in the
ENERGY STAR Eligibility Criteria for Imaging Equipment.

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4

TEST SETUP

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4.1

General Test Setup

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17

A) Test Setup and Instrumentation: Test setup and instrumentation for all portions of this procedure shallbe in accordance with the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard
62301, Ed. 2.0, “Measurement of Household Appliance Standby Power”, Section 4, “General
Conditions for Measurements.” In the event of conflicting requirements, the ENERGY STAR test
method shall take precedence.

1819B) Ac Input Power: Products intended to be powered from an ac mains power source shall be connected
to a voltage source appropriate for the intended market, as specified in Table 2 or Table 3.

20211) Products shipped with external power supplies (EPSs) shall first be connected to the EPS andthen to the voltage source specified in Table 2 or Table 3.

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2) If a product is rated to operate at a voltage/frequency combination in a specific market that isdifferent from the voltage/frequency combination for that market (e.g., 230 volts (V), 60 hertz (Hz)in North America), the unit shall be tested at the manufacturer rated voltage/frequency
combination for that unit. The voltage/frequency used shall be reported.

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Table 2: Input Power Requirements for Products with
Nameplate Rated Power Less Than or Equal to 1500 W
Maximum
Total
Harmonic
Distortion

Frequency

Frequency
Tolerance

MarketVoltage

VoltageTolerance

North America, Taiwan

115 V ac+/- 1.0 %

2.0 %

60 Hz

+/- 1.0 %Europe, Australia, New
Zealand230 V ac+/- 1.0 %

2.0 %

50 Hz

+/- 1.0 %Japan

100 V ac+/- 1.0 %2.0 %50 Hz or 60 Hz+/- 1.0 %28
29

Table 3: Input Power Requirements for Products with
Nameplate Rated Power Greater than 1500 W
Maximum
Total
Harmonic
Distortion

Frequency

Frequency
Tolerance

MarketVoltage

VoltageTolerance

North America, Taiwan

115 V ac+/- 4.0 %

5.0 %

60 Hz

+/- 1.0 %Europe, Australia, New
Zealand230 V ac+/- 4.0 %

5.0 %

50 Hz

+/- 1.0 %Japan

100 V ac+/- 4.0 %5.0 %50 Hz or 60 Hz+/- 1.0 %30
31

ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Imaging Equipment – Test Method (Rev. Aug-2017)

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32C) Low-voltage Dc Input Power:

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1) Products may be powered with a low-voltage dc source (e.g., via network or data connection)
only if the dc source is the only acceptable source of power for the product (i.e., no ac plug or
EPS is available).

36372) Products powered by low-voltage dc shall be configured with an ac source of the dc power for
testing (e.g., an ac-powered universal serial bus (USB) hub).

38a) The ac source of the dc power used for testing shall be recorded and reported for all tests.

39403) Power for the unit under test (UUT) shall include the following, as measured per Section 5 of thismethod:41a) Ac power consumption of the low-voltage dc source with the UUT as the load (PL); and42b) Ac power consumption of the low-voltage dc source with no load (PS).

43

D) Ambient Temperature: Ambient temperature shall be 23°C ± 5°C.

44E) Relative Humidity: Relative humidity shall be between 10% and 80%.

45F) Power Meter: Power meters shall possess the following attributes:

461) Minimum Frequency Response: 3.0 kHz

472) Minimum Resolution:

48a) 0.01 W for measurement values less than 10 W;49b) 0.1 W for measurement values from 10 W to 100 W;

50c) 1 W for measurement values from 100 W to 1.5 kW; and51d) 10 W for measurement values greater than 1.5 kW.

52
53
54
55
56

e) Measurements of accumulated energy should have resolutions which are generally
consistent with these values when converted to average power. For accumulated energy
measurements, the figure of merit for determining required accuracy is the maximum power
value during the measurement period, not the average, since it is the maximum that
determines the metering equipment and setup.

57G) Measurement Uncertainty1:

58591) Measurements of greater than or equal to 0.5 W shall have an uncertainty of 2% or better at the
95% confidence level.

60612) Measurements of less than 0.5 W shall have an uncertainty of 0.02 W or better at the 95%
confidence level.

6263H) Time Measurement: Time measurements may be performed with a standard stopwatch or other time
keeping device with a resolution of at least 1 second.

64

I)

Paper Specifications:

651) Standard Format Products shall be tested in accordance with Table 4.

662) Large, Small, and Continuous Format products shall be tested using any compatible paper size.

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70
1

Measurement uncertainty calculations should be performed according IEC 62301 Ed. 2.0 Appendix D.
Only the uncertainty due to the measurement instrument shall be calculated.
ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Imaging Equipment – Test Method (Rev. Aug-2017)

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Table 4: Paper Size and Weight Requirements
MarketPaper Size

North America / Taiwan
Europe / Australia / New ZealandJapan

8.5” × 11”
A4
A4

Basis Weight(g/m2)
75
80
64

5 LOW-VOLTAGE DC SOURCE MEASUREMENT FOR ALL
PRODUCTS
1) Connect the dc source to the power meter and relevant ac supply as specified in Table 2.
2) Verify that the dc source is unloaded.
3) Allow the dc source to stabilize for a minimum of 30 minutes.
4) Measure and record the unloaded dc source power (PS) according to section 9.1.A.1 of this test
method.

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6 PRE-TEST UUT CONFIGURATION FOR ALL PRODUCTS

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6.1

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86

A) As-shipped Condition: All products shall be tested in their “as-shipped” configuration unless otherwise
specified by this test method.

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89

B) Product Speed for Calculations and Reporting: The product speed for all calculations and reporting
shall be the highest speed as claimed by the manufacturer per the following criteria, expressed inimages per minute (ipm) and rounded to the nearest integer:

General Configuration

90911) In general, for Standard-size products, a single A4 or 8.5” × 11” sheet printed/copied/scanned on
one side in one minute is equal to 1 (ipm).

9293a) When operating in duplex mode a single A4 or 8.5” × 11” sheet printed/copied/scanned on
both sides in one minute is equal to 2 (ipm).

942) For all products, the product speed shall be based on:

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a) The manufacturer-claimed monochrome print speed based on International Organization forStandardization/International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC) Standard 24734
Estimated Saturated Throughput (ESAT), unless the product cannot print, in which case,

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100

b) The manufacturer-claimed monochrome copy speed based on ISO/IEC Standard 24735
Estimated Saturated Throughput (ESAT), unless the product does not have an automatic
document feeder, in which case,

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103

c) The manufacturer-claimed monochrome copy speed based on ISO/IEC Standard 29183
Estimated Saturated Throughput (ESAT), unless the product cannot print or copy, in which
case,

ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Imaging Equipment – Test Method (Rev. Aug-2017)

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112

Note: One stakeholder requested that EPA require testing print speed in accordance with international
standards, similar to the Blue Angel specification. After comparing the print speeds reported bymanufacturers in test reports and specifications available online with the ENERGY STAR dataset, EPA
believes there is an opportunity to promote further consistency by referencing the above ISO/IEC
standards. By using the same method of measurement, ISO/IEC print speeds allow consumers to gauge
the true performance of printers and compare all printers from different manufacturers. EPA expects that
manufacturers are already performing tests according to these international standards, and therefore
does not expect this requirement to impose any further burden, while promoting consistency. EPA
welcomes feedback on this proposal.

113d) The manufacturer-claimed scan speed.

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e) When a manufacturer intends to qualify a product in a certain market by making use of test
results that qualified the product in another market using other sizes of paper (e.g., A4 versus
8.5” × 11”), and if its maximum claimed speeds differ when producing images on different
sizes of paper, the highest speed shall be used.

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Table 5: Calculation of Product Speed for Standard, Small, and Large Format Products with the
Exception of Mailing Machines
Product Speed, s(ipm)
Where:Media
FormatStandard

Small

Large
120

Media Size sP is the maximum claimed monochrome speed
in images per minute when processing the given
media,
 w is the width of the media, in meters (m),  is the length of the media, in meters (m).

8.5” × 11”
A44” × 6”
A6
Smaller than A6or 4” × 6”
A2
A0

sP
sP
0.25 × sP
0.25 × sP
16 × w ×  × sP
4 × sP
16 × sP

3) For Continuous Form products, product speed shall be calculated per Equation 1

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Equation 1: Calculation of Product Speed122s  16  w  s L

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Where:
 s is the product speed, in ipm,
 w is the width of the media, in meters (m), sL is the maximum claimed monochrome speed, in meters per
minute.

1284) For Mailing Machines, product speed shall be reported in units of mail pieces per minute (mppm).

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5) The product speed used for all calculations and qualification, as calculated above, may not be thesame as the product speed used for testing.

131C) Color: Color-capable products shall be tested making monochrome (black) images.

ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Imaging Equipment – Test Method (Rev. Aug-2017)

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134

1) For those products without black ink, a composite black shall be used.
D) Network Connections: Products that are capable of being network-connected as-shipped shall beconnected to a network.

1351) Products shall be connected to only one network or data connection for the duration of the test.

136a) Only one computer may be connected to the UUT, either directly or via a network.

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2) The type of network connection depends on the characteristics of the UUT and shall be thetopmost connection listed in Table 6 available on the unit as-shipped.

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Table 6: Network or Data Connections for Use in Test
Order of Preference
for Use in Test (ifProvided by UUT)

Connections for all Products

1

Ethernet – 1 Gb/s

2

Ethernet – 100/10 Mb/s

3

Wi-Fi

4

USB 3.x5

USB 2.x6

USB 1.x

7

RS232

8

IEEE 12842

9

Other Wired – in order of preference from highest
to lowest speed

10

Other Wireless – in order of preference fromhighest to lowest speed

11

If none of the above, test with whateverconnection is provided by the device (or none)

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Note: EPA has re-prioritized the list of network connections, such that Wi-Fi now takes priority overUSB, to reflect the protocol’s popularity among consumer imaging equipment.

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3) Products connected to Ethernet, per paragraph 6.1.D)2) above, and capable of supporting
Energy Efficient Ethernet (IEEE Standard 802.3az)3, shall be connected to a network switch orrouter that also supports Energy Efficient Ethernet for the duration of the test.

1454) In all cases the type of connection used during the test shall be reported.

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E) Service/Maintenance Modes: UUTs shall never be in service/maintenance modes, including color
calibration, during testing.

1481) Service/Maintenance modes shall be disabled prior to testing.

2

Also referred to as a Parallel or Centronics interface.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standard 802.3az-2010. “IEEE Standard forInformation Technology—Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems—Local andMetropolitan Area Networks—Specific Requirements—Part 3: Carrier Sense Multiple Access with
Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications.” 2010.
3

ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Imaging Equipment – Test Method (Rev. Aug-2017)

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2) Manufacturers shall provide instructions detailing how to disable service/maintenance modes if
this information is not included in the product documentation packaged with the UUT or is notreadily available online.

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156

3) If service/maintenance modes cannot be disabled and a service/maintenance mode occurs
during a job other than the first job, the results from the job with the service/maintenance modeshall be replaced with results from a substitute job. In this case, the substitute job shall beinserted into the test procedure immediately following Job 4 and the inclusion of the substitute job
shall be reported. Each job period shall be 15 minutes.

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6.2

Configuration for Fax Machines

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160

A) All fax machines and MFDs with fax capability that connect to a telephone line shall be connected toa telephone line during the test, in addition to the network connection specified by Table 6 if the UUT
is network capable.

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1) In the case that a working phone line is not available, a line simulator may be used as areplacement.

1632) Only fax machines shall be tested using the fax capability.

164B) Fax machines shall be tested with one image per job.

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6.3

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A) Except as noted below, digital duplicators shall be configured and tested as printers, copiers, orMFDs, depending on their capabilities as-shipped.

Configuration for Digital Duplicators

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170

1) Digital duplicators shall be tested at maximum claimed speed, which is also the speed that should
be used to determine the job size for performing the test, not at the default as-shipped speed, if
different.

1712) For digital duplicators, there shall be only one original image.

172

7 PRE-TEST UUT INITIALIZATION FOR ALL PRODUCTS

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7.1

174

A) Prior to the start of testing, the UUT shall be initialized as follows:

175

General Initialization
1) Set up the UUT per the instructions in the Manufacturer’s Instructions or documentation.

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180

a) Accessories, such as paper source, that are shipped with the base product and are intended
to be installed or attached by the end-user shall be installed as intended for the productmodel. Paper shall be placed in all paper sources designated to hold the paper specified fortesting, and the UUT shall pull from the default paper source, using the as-shipped paper
source settings.

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183
184
185

b) If the product is connected to a computer, either directly or via a network, during the test, thecomputer shall be running the newest version of the manufacturer’s default driver available atthe time of testing using settings corresponding to the default settings upon shipment, unlessotherwise specified in this test method. The print driver version used for testing shall berecorded.

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i)

In the event that a setting does not have a default and is not defined in this test method,
the setting shall be set according to the tester’s discretion and shall be recorded.

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189

ii)

When connecting via a network and multiple computers are connected to the network,
print driver settings apply only to the computer sending the print jobs to the UUT.

ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Imaging Equipment – Test Method (Rev. Aug-2017)

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194

c) For products designed to operate on battery power when not connected to the mains powersource, the battery shall be removed for all tests. For UUTs where operation without a battery
pack is not a supported configuration, the test shall be performed with fully charged batterypack(s) installed, making sure to report this configuration in the test results. To ensure thebattery is fully charged, perform the following steps:

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i)

For UUTs that have an indicator to show that the battery is fully charged, continue
charging for an additional 5 hours after the indication is present.

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199

ii)

If there is no charge indicator, but the manufacturer’s instructions provide a time estimate
for when charging this battery or this capacity of battery should be complete, continue
charging for an additional 5 hours after the manufacturer’s indication.

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iii) If there is no indicator and no time estimate in the instructions, the duration shall be 24
hours.

202

2) Connect the UUT to its power source.

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205

3) Power on the UUT and perform initial system configuration, as applicable. Verify that default
delay times are configured according to product specifications and/or manufacturer
recommendations.

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a) Product Speed for Testing: The product shall be tested with speed settings in their default asshipped configuration.

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b) Auto-off for TEC Products: If a printer, digital duplicator, fax machine, or MFD with printcapability has Auto-off capability and it is enabled as-shipped, it shall be disabled prior to
testing.

211212c) Auto-off for OM Products: If a product has an Auto-off Mode enabled as-shipped, it shallremain enabled for the duration of testing.

2134) User-controllable anti-humidity features shall be turned off or disabled for the duration of testing.

2145) Pre-conditioning: Place the UUT in Off Mode, then let the UUT sit idle for 15 minutes.

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a) For EP-TEC products, let the UUT sit in Off Mode for an additional 105 minutes, for a total ofat least 120 minutes (2 hours).

217b) Pre-conditioning is only required prior to beginning the first test on each UUT.

218

8 TYPICAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION (TEC) TEST PROCEDURE

219

8.1

220

A) Jobs per Day: The number of jobs per day (NJOBS) is specified in Table 7.

Job Structure

ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Imaging Equipment – Test Method (Rev. Aug-2017)

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221

Table 7: Number of Jobs per Day (NJOBS)
Monochrome ProductSpeed, s(ipm)s≤8
8 < s < 32s ≥ 32

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224
225

Jobs perDay(NJOBS)8s32B) Images per Job: Except for fax machines, the number of images shall be computed according toEquation 2, below. For convenience, Table 11 at the end of this document provides the resultant
images per job computation for each integer product speed up through 100 ipm.

226

Equation 2: Calculation of Number of Images per Job

1
𝑁𝐼𝑀𝐴𝐺𝐸𝑆 = {

227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236

𝑠<4
2)

(0.5 × 𝑠
}
] 𝑠≥4
𝒊𝒏𝒕 [
𝑁𝐽𝑂𝐵𝑆

Where:
 NIMAGES is the number of images per job, rounded down
(truncated) to the nearest integer, s is the product speed in images per minute (ipm), calculated in
section 6.1.B), of this test procedure, and NJOBS is the number of jobs per day, as calculated per Table 7.
C) Test Image: Test Pattern A from ISO/IEC Standard 10561:1999 shall be used as the original image
for all testing.

237
238

1) Test images shall be rendered in 10 point size in a fixed-width Courier font (or nearest
equivalent).

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240

2) German-specific characters need not be reproduced if the product is incapable of German
character reproduction.

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242

D) Print Jobs: Print jobs for the test shall be sent over the network connection designated in Table 6
immediately before printing each job.

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245

1) Each image in a print job shall be sent separately, (i.e., all images may be part of the same
document), but shall not be specified in the document as multiple copies of a single original
image (unless the product is a digital duplicator).

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247

2) For printers and MFDs that can interpret a page description language (PDL) (e.g., PrinterCommand Language PCL, Postscript), images shall be sent to the product in a PDL.

248

E) Copy Jobs:

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250

1) For copiers with speed less than or equal to 20 ipm, there shall be one original per required
image.

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252
253
254

2) For copiers with speed greater than 20 ipm, it may not be possible to match the number ofrequired original images (i.e., due to limits on document feeder capacity). In this case, it ispermissible to make multiple copies of each original, and the number of originals shall be greaterthan or equal to ten.

ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Imaging Equipment – Test Method (Rev. Aug-2017)

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Example: For a 50 ipm unit that requires 39 images per job, the test may be performed with four
copies of 10 originals or three copies of 13 originals.

2573) Originals may be placed in the document feeder before the test begins.

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259

a) Products without a document feeder may make all images from a single original placed on
the platen.

260
261

F) Fax Jobs: Fax jobs shall be sent via the connected phone line or line simulator immediately before
performing each job.

262

8.2

263
264
265
266

A) Measurement of TEC shall be conducted according to Table 8 for printers, fax machines, digital
duplicators with print capability, and MFDs with print capability, and Table 9 for copiers, digital
duplicators without print capability, and MFDs without print capability, subject to the following
provisions:

2671) Paper: There shall be sufficient paper in the UUT to perform the specified print or copy jobs.

268
269
270
271

2) Duplexing: Products shall be tested in simplex mode, unless the speed of duplex mode output isgreater than the speed of simplex mode output, in which case they shall be tested in duplex
mode. In all cases, the mode in which the unit was tested and the print speed used must be
documented. Originals for copying shall be simplex images.

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3) Energy Measurement Method: All measurements shall be recorded as accumulated energy overtime, in Wh; all time shall be recorded in minutes.

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275

Measurement Proceduresa) “Zero meter” references may be accomplished by recording the accumulated energy
consumption at that time rather than physically zeroing the meter.

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277

Table 8: TEC Test Procedure for Printers, Fax Machines,
Digital Duplicators with Print Capability, and MFDs with Print Capability
InitialState

Action1

Off

Connect the UUT to the meter. Ensure
the unit is powered and in Off Mode.
Zero the meter; measure energy over
5 minutes or more. Record both energy
and time.

2

Off

3

4

Step

Unit ofMeasureOff energy

Watt-hours(Wh)

Testing
Interval time

Minutes(min)

Turn on unit. Wait until unit indicates it isin Ready Mode.

–

–

–

Ready

Print a job of at least one output image
but no more than a single job per Table
11. Measure and record time to firstsheet exiting unit.

Active0 time

Minutes
(min)

–

Ready
(or other)

Wait until the meter shows that the unit
has entered its final Sleep Mode or thetime specified by the manufacturer.

–

–

–

Sleep energy,

5

PossibleStatesMeasured

Record (atend of step)

Sleep

Zero meter; measure energy and timeover 1 hour. Record the energy andtime.

E SLEEP

Watt-hours
(Wh)
Sleep

Sleep time,t SLEEPOffMinutes(min)(≤ 1 hour)6

Job1 energy,
EJOB1

Watt-hours(Wh)

Active1 time

Minutes(min)

Job2 energy,
EJOB2

Watt-hours(Wh)

Active2 time

Minutes(min)

Recovery,
Active,Ready,Sleep

Ready(or other)

Repeat Step 6.

8

Ready
(or other)

Repeat Step 6 (without Active timemeasurement).

Job3 energy,
EJOB3

Watt-hours(Wh)

Same as
above

9

Ready
(or other)

Repeat Step 6 (without Active timemeasurement).

Job4 energy,
EJOB4

Watt-hours(Wh)

Same asabove

Final energy,
EFINAL

Watt-hours
(Wh)

Ready
(or other)

Zero meter and timer. Measure energy
and time until meter and/or unit showsthat unit has entered Sleep Mode or the
final Sleep Mode for units with multiple
Sleep modes, or the time specified by
the manufacturer, if provided. Record
energy and time.

Final time,
tFINAL

Minutes
(min)

7

10

278
279
280

Sleep

Zero meter and timer. Print one job(calculated above). Measure energy andtime. Record time to first sheet exiting
unit. Measure energy over 15 minutes
from job initiation. The job must finish
within the 15 minutes.

Same asabove

Ready,
Sleep

Notes: Steps 4 and 10: For those units that do not indicate when they have entered the Final Sleep
Mode, manufacturers shall specify the time to Final Sleep Mode for testing purposes.

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282

Table 9: TEC Test Procedure for Copiers, Digital Duplicators
without Print Capability, and MFDs without Print Capability
Step

ActionRecordUnit ofMeasureOff energy

1

Off

Connect the UUT to the meter. Ensure theunit is powered and in Off Mode. Zero themeter; measure energy over 5 minutes ormore. Record both energy and time.

Watt-hours(Wh)

Testing
Interval time

Minutes
(min)

2

Off

Turn on unit. Wait until unit has entered
Ready Mode.

–

–

–

3

Ready

Copy a job of at least one image but nomore than a single job per Table 11.
Measure and record time to first sheet
exiting unit

Active0 time

Minutes
(min)

–

4

Ready
(or other)

Wait until the meter shows that the unit
has entered its final Sleep Mode or thetime specified by the manufacturer andmeasure the default time to sleep

Sleep defaultdelay time,

Minutes(min)–

Sleep energy

Sleep

Zero meter; measure energy and time over
1 hour or until unit enters Auto-off Mode.
Record the energy and time.

Watt-hours(Wh)

Sleep time(≤ 1 hour)

Minutes(min)

Job1 energy,
EJOB1

Watt-hours
(Wh)

Sleep

Zero meter and timer. Copy one job(calculated above). Measure and record
energy and time to first sheet exiting unit.
Measure energy over 15 minutes from job
initiation. The job must finish within the 15
minutes.

Active1 time

Minutes(min)

Job2 energy,
EJOB2

Watt-hours(Wh)

Active2 time

Minutes
(min)

5

6

t SLEEP

Off

Sleep

Recovery,
Active,Ready,
Sleep,
Auto-offReady(or other)

Repeat Step 6.

8

Ready
(or other)

Repeat Step 6 (without Active timemeasurement).

Job3 energy,
EJOB3

Watt-hours(Wh)

Same as
above

9

Ready
(or other)

Repeat Step 6 (without Active timemeasurement).

Job4 energy,
EJOB4

Watt-hours(Wh)

Same asabove

Final energy,
EFINAL

Watt-hours
(Wh)

Ready
(or other)

Zero meter and timer. Measure energy
and time until meter and/or unit shows that
unit has entered its Auto-off Mode or thetime specified by the manufacturer.
Record energy and time; if unit began thisstep while in Auto-off Mode, report both
energy and time values as zero.

Final time,
tFINAL

Minutes
(min)

7

10

Auto-offenergy,11

Auto-off

Zero the meter; measure energy and timeover 5 minutes or more. Record both
energy and time.

EAUTO
Auto-offtime,

t AUTO
283

PossibleStatesMeasured

InitialState

Same asabove

Ready,
Sleep

Watt-hours(Wh)
Auto-off

Minutes(min)

Notes:

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

284
285

Steps 4 and 10: For those units that do not indicate when they have entered the Final Sleep
Mode, manufacturers shall specify the time to Final Sleep Mode for testing purposes.

286

8.3

Network Activity Test

287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317

The following network-connected sleep test step will be included in the TEC Test Procedure for Printers,
Fax Machines, Digital Duplicators with Print Capability, and MFDs with Print Capability, placed after Step10, after the unit has entered Sleep Mode.
A) Ensure that SNMP Service is enabled on the computer connected to the UUT4. For a
Windows computer, follow these steps to enable SNMP Service (administrator must be
logged in):1) From the computer’s Control Panel, click on “Programs and Features.”
2) Within Programs and Features, click on “Turn Windows features on or off.” Check the box
for “Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)” if it is not checked already. Click“OK” which will install the feature.
3) Restart the computer.
4) Search and open “Services” or “services.msc” from the Taskbar.
5) Right click on “SNMP Service” and open Properties.
6) In the General tab, ensure that Automatic is selected for Startup Type.
7) In the Security tab, add an accepted community name (i.e. community string) called“public” which has at least “Read Only” rights, if this community string is not alreadypresent.
8) Still in the Security tab, select “Accept SNMP packets from these hosts” and input the
UUT’s IP address, or select “Accept SNMP packets from any host” if compatible with thecomputer’s security needs.
9) In the Agent tab, fill out the Contact and Location fields and check all boxes, to ensurethat all SNMP values will be made available to the computer.
10) Select “OK” and restart the server. SNMP Service is now enabled.
B) From the computer, download, install, start, and configure any Acceptable Software Program5
necessary to communicate with the UUT using each of the following protocols:
1) Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
2) NetBIOS Name Service (NBNS)
The remaining test language assumes the use of OiDVIEW SNMP MIB Walker and Nbstat,but use the equivalent when using other Acceptable Software Programs.
4

There are currently three versions of SNMP: 1, 2c, and 3, with the key difference being that Version 3
requires encryption and authentication, with a specific username and password, while the older versions
simply require a “community string” which is usually set to “public” for easy access. Most devices support
Version 2c, which is the default for most SNMP software programs, therefore, please attempt to use
Version 2c. In the event that Version 2c is not available, please enable Version 3 and perform required
steps to use it (e.g., set up username and password).
5
Acceptable software programs are any which can successfully demonstrate communication to theimaging equipment via one of the listed protocols. A sample of such programs are shown below.
Table A: Sample Software Programs
Software Program NameOiDVIEW SNMP MIB Walker

Protocols Covered
SNMP

Nbtstat Windows command

NBNS

Websitehttp://www.oidview.com/snmpmibwalker.html
https://technet.microsoft.com/enus/library/cc940106.aspx

ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Imaging Equipment – Test Method (Rev. Aug-2017)

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318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333

C) Obtain the UUT’s IP address from its user interface or via a packet analysis tool like
Wireshark.
D) Open the OiDVIEW SNMP MIB Walker’s mibwalker_gui application, in preparation of theupcoming SNMP communication.
E) Run the Windows command line, in preparation of the upcoming NBNS communication.
F) Zero meter and timer.
G) Measure energy and time over 1 hour.
H) Within the first minute of the hour, use the Acceptable Software Programs to communicate as
follows:
1) SNMP:a) In the mibwalker_gui application, keep the default values for Port (161), SNMP
Version (2c), OID (1.3.6.1) as well as all other default values.
b) Enter the UUT’s IP address and click “Execute MibWalk.”c) Typical output of the software program:

334
335
336
337
338
339

2) NBNS:a) In the Windows command line, type “nbtstat -A XX”, where XX is the IP address of
the UUT. Hit Enter.
b) Typical output of the software program:

340
341
342
343
344
345

I)

Record whether the UUT returned a well-formed and complete response for each protocol,using Wireshark to capture packets as well as comparing with the above “typical output” ofthe software program.
J) Record the energy and time.
ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Imaging Equipment – Test Method (Rev. Aug-2017)

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346K) Report the results.

347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362

Note: This section of the test method is to test the behavior of imaging equipment in sleep mode, whensubjected to packets typical of an office network. EPA, with assistance from partners, determined that thepackets under consideration are typically sent by network equipment and programs running on servers,
and are used for network and device management.

363
364

Note: EPA envisions the following reporting elements as part of the proposed network test to be included
in a forthcoming data reporting template:

Of 27 packet types reviewed, EPA chose Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and NetBIOS
Name Service (NBNS) packets, as these are common types to which imaging equipment should respondto without waking up. ARP was not chosen because it is a simpler protocol to respond to and should notcause wake-ups. Protocols which cause unavoidable wake-ups as well as protocols which require no
device response were excluded, so that the test can measure any avoidable changes in sleep mode
power.
By testing for these transitions, the TEC test method will be more representative of a variety of real-life
conditions. EPA welcomes stakeholder feedback on this addition, and whether a similar test should be
added to the OM test (EPA has proposed this for TEC products but is aware that some OM products areused in office settings where they may also be affected by network traffic).

Test` Requirement
Manufacturer

Units/
Data
Type

Data

Model Number
Average Sleep Mode Power for comparison
Average sleep mode power without any network activity(if possible) or without intentional network activity (Step 5of TEC Test in

watts

SNMP packets captured bi-directionally via Wireshark?

Y/N

SNMP program output

Text or
Screenshot

SNMP Software Program output well-formed andcomplete?

Y/N

NBNS packets captured bi-directionally via Wireshark?

Y/N

NBNS program output

Text or
Screenshot

NBNS Software Program output well-formed andcomplete?

Y/N

Average sleep mode power over the hour including andfollowing network tests

watts

365
366

ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Imaging Equipment – Test Method (Rev. Aug-2017)

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367

368

9 OPERATIONAL MODE (OM) TEST PROCEDURE

369

9.1

370
371

A) Measurement of OM power and delay times shall be conducted according to Table 10, subject to thefollowing provisions:

372
373

1) Power Measurements: All power measurements shall be made using either the average power oraccumulated energy approaches as described below:

374
375

a) Average Power Method: The true average power shall be measured over the course of auser selected period, which shall be no less than 5 minutes.

376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386

Measurement Proceduresi)

For those modes that do not last 5 minutes, the true average power shall be measured
over the mode’s entire duration.

b) Accumulated Energy Approach: If the test instrument is incapable of measuring the trueaverage power, the accumulated energy consumption over the course of a user selectedperiod shall be measured. The test period shall be no less than 5 minutes. The average
power shall be determined by dividing the accumulated energy consumption (in watt-hours)by the time of the test period (in hours).
i)

For those modes that do not last 5 minutes, the accumulated energy consumption shallbe measured over the mode’s entire duration.

c) If the power consumption of the tested mode is periodic, then the test duration shall containone or more complete periods.

ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Imaging Equipment – Test Method (Rev. Aug-2017)

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387

Table 10: Operational Mode (OM) Test Procedure
Step

Initial
State

1

Off

Plug the UUT into meter. Turn on unit.
Wait until unit indicates it is in Ready
Mode.

–

2

Ready

Print, copy, or scan a single image.

–

3

Ready

Measure Ready power.

4

Ready

Wait and measure default delay-time to
Sleep.

5

Sleep

Measure Sleep power.

6

Sleep

Wait and measure default delay time toAuto-off. (Disregard if no Auto-off Mode).

7

Autooff

Measure Auto-off power. (Disregard if noAuto-off Mode).

8Autooff

9

Off

Action(s)RecordReady power,

PREADY
Sleep defaultdelay time,tSLEEP

Unit ofMeasureWatts (W)

Minutes (min)Sleep power,

388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403

Manually turn device off and wait until unit
is off. (If no manual on-off switch, note andwait for lowest-power Sleep state).
Measure Off power. (If no manual on-off
switch, note and measure Sleep Modepower).

PSLEEP
Auto-off
default-delaytime
Auto-off power

Watts (W)

Minutes (min)PAUTO OFF

Watts (W)––

Off power

POFF

Watts (W)

Notes: Step 1 – If the unit has no Ready indicator, use the time at which the power consumption levelstabilizes to the Ready level, and note this detail when reporting the product test data.
 Step 4 – The Default Delay Time shall be measured starting from the completion of the job until
the unit enters Sleep Mode.
 Steps 4 and 5 – For products with more than one Sleep level, repeat these steps as many times
as necessary to capture all successive Sleep levels and report these data. Two Sleep levels are
typically used in large-format copiers and MFDs that use high-heat marking technologies. For
products lacking this Mode, disregard Steps 4 and 5.
 Steps 4 and 5 – For products without a Sleep Mode, perform and record measurements from
Ready Mode.
 Steps 4 and 6 – Default-delay time measurements are to be measured in parallel fashion,
cumulative from the start of Step 4. For example, a product set to enter a Sleep level in 15
minutes and enter a second Sleep level 30 minutes after entering the first Sleep level will have a
15-minute default-delay time to the first level and a 45 minute default-delay time to the second
level.

ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Imaging Equipment – Test Method (Rev. Aug-2017)

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405

10 TEST PROCEDURES FOR PRODUCTS WITH A DIGITAL FRONTEND (DFE)

406
407

This step applies only to products that have a DFE as defined in Section 1 of the ENERGY STAR
Program Requirements for Imaging Equipment.

408

10.1 Ready Mode DFE Test

409
410

A) Products that are network-capable as-shipped shall be connected during testing. The network
connection used shall be determined using Table 6.

411
412
413

B) If the DFE has a separate main power cord, regardless of whether the cord and controller are internalor external to the imaging product, a 10 minute power measurement of the DFE alone shall be made,and the average power recorded while the main product is in Ready Mode.

414
415
416
417
418

C) If the DFE does not have a separate main power cord, the tester shall measure the dc power required
for the DFE when the unit as a whole is in Ready Mode. A 10 minute power measurement of the dc
input to the DFE shall be made, and the average power recorded while the main product is in Ready
Mode. This will most commonly be accomplished by taking an instantaneous power measurement of
the dc input to the DFE.

419

10.2 Sleep Mode DFE Test

420
421
422

This testing shall be performed to obtain the Sleep Mode power of a DFE device over a 1 hour period.
The resulting value will be used to qualify Imaging Equipment products that incorporate DFEs with
network-capable Sleep Modes.

423
424

A) Products that are network-capable as-shipped shall be connected during testing. The network
connection used shall be determined using Table 6.

425
426
427
428

B) If the DFE has a separate main power cord, regardless of whether the cord and controller are internalor external to the imaging product, a 1 hour power measurement of the DFE alone shall be made,and the average power recorded while the main product is in Sleep Mode. At the end of the 1 hour
power measurement, a print job shall be sent to the main product to ensure the DFE is responsive.

429
430
431
432
433

C) If the DFE does not have a separate main power cord, the tester shall measure the dc power required
for the DFE when the unit as a whole is in Sleep Mode. A 1 hour power measurement of the dc input
to the DFE shall be made, and the average power recorded while the main product is in Sleep Mode.
At the end of the 1 hour power measurement, a print job shall be sent to the main product to ensure
the DFE is responsive.

434D) In cases B) and C), the following requirements apply:

4351) Manufacturers shall provide information on:

404

436

a) Whether DFE Sleep Mode is enabled as-shipped; and437b) The expected time to sleep of the DFE.

438
439
440
441

2) If the DFE does not respond to the print request at the end of 1 hour, the Ready Mode power
level measured in the test method shall be reported as the Sleep Mode power.
Note: All information specified or provided by manufacturers for product testing shall be publicly available.

442

11 REFERENCES

443
444

A) ISO/IEC 10561:1999. Information technology — Office equipment — Printing devices — Method
for measuring throughput — Class 1 and Class 2 printers.

445B) IEC 62301:2011 . Household Electrical Appliances – Measurement of Standby Power. Ed. 2.0.

ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Imaging Equipment – Test Method (Rev. Aug-2017)

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446

Table 11: Number of Images per Day Calculated for Product Speeds, s, from 1 to 100 ipm

Speed
(ipm)

Jobs/Day(from Table
7, used only
to calculate
Images/Job)

Unrounded
Images/ Job

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32

0.06
0.25
0.56
1.00
1.56
2.25
3.06
4.00
4.50
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
8.00
8.50
9.00
9.50
10.00
10.50
11.00
11.50
12.00
12.50
13.00
13.50
14.00
14.50
15.00
15.50
16.00
17.02
18.06
19.14
20.25
21.39
22.56
23.77
25.00
26.27
27.56
28.89
30.25
31.64
33.06
34.52
36.00
37.52
39.06

Images/Job

Images/Day (after
adjustment
in TEC
spec)

1
1
1
1
1
2
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
11
12
12
13
13
14
14
15
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
25
26
27
28
30
31
33
34
36
37
39

2
2
2
2
2
4
6
8
9
13
14
18
20
25
26
32
34
41
43
50
53
61
63
72
75
85
88
98
102
113
116
128
136
144
152
160
168
176
184
200
208
216
224
240
248
264
272
288
296
312

Speed
(ipm)

Jobs/Day(from Table
7, used only
to calculate
Images/Job

Unrounded
Images/Job

Images/ Job

Images/Day (after
adjustme
nt in TEC
spec)

51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100

32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32

40.64
42.25
43.89
45.56
47.27
49.00
50.77
52.56
54.39
56.25
58.14
60.06
62.02
64.00
66.02
68.06
70.14
72.25
74.39
76.56
78.77
81.00
83.27
85.56
87.89
90.25
92.64
95.06
97.52
100.00102.52105.06
107.64110.25112.89115.56118.27121.00123.77126.56129.39132.25135.14138.06141.02144.00147.02150.06153.14156.25

40
42
43
45
47
49
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
81
83
85
87
90
92
95
97
100
102
105
107
110
112
115
118
121
123
126
129
132
135
138
141
144
147
150
153
156

320
336
344
360
376
392
400
416
432
448
464
480
496
512
528
544
560
576
592
608
624
648
664
680
696
720
736
760
776
800
816
840
856
880
896
920
944
968
984
1008
1032
1056
1080
1104
1128
1152
1176
1200
1224
1248

ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Imaging Equipment – Test Method (Rev. Aug-2017)

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447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465

Note: EPA has revised this table above to reflect the proposed change to the use assumptions in the
TEC section of the specification to better align the test with typical usage, as reported to EPA by
manufacturers in stakeholder comments. While no changes are proposed to the testing (i.e., the same 8–
32 number of jobs per day and resultant images per job), the final TEC would be based on the per-job
results multiplied by a new factor of ¼ in addition to the previously calculated number of jobs per day.
This factor is based on stakeholder data, described below, and is reflected in the final images/per day
column, which has been revised above.
Based on aggregated use data provided across a range of product speeds by two manufacturers, itappears that reducing the total number of paper by a factor of 4 would be a more representative
assumption, than the current combination of images per job and jobs per day, which for imaging
equipment with speed equal to or greater than 32 ipm works out to an average monthly volume (AMV) of
10s2, where s is the speed and AMV is the number of images per day multiplied by 20 workdays permonth. The below graph compares the AMV of several models of imaging equipment monitored remotely
by manufacturers as well as two sets of TEC assumptions. The solid green line shows the current TEC
assumption of AMV = 10s2, while the points are tested data received by EPA. This data shows how theaverage monthly volume is far less than what has been assumed. The yellow line indicates the Draft 1
test method proposal of 2.5s2.

466
467

ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Imaging Equipment – Test Method (Rev. Aug-2017)

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468
469
470
471
472

As mentioned above, rather than modifying the jobs-per day or images-per-job assumptions in
Section 8.1, EPA proposes to instead adjust the Daily Job Energy equation in the TEC section of the
Eligibility Criteria (specification) by ¼. This will allow TEC to simply be re-calculated without the need for
new testing. EPA welcomes feedback on typical use data, the TEC assumptions, and the proposed pathforward.

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