診療と新薬・第 51 巻

第 7 号（2014 年 7 月）

13 （651）EVALUATION OF IMPROVEMENTS IN SKIN SYMPTOMS WITH
APPLICATION OF A LOTION CONTAINING GOLD LEAF
Takashi KOIKEDA 1）, Kenji NAKAYAMA 2）, Rie ISHINO 2）,
Kou MASUDA 3）, and Masami SAITOH 3）
1）Shiba Palace Clinic（6F DaiwaA Hamamatsucho Bld., 1-9-10 Hamamatsucho, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0013, Japan）
2）Hakuichi Co., Ltd（2-1-1 Morito,kanazawa-shi,Ishikawa, 921-8601, Japan）
3）SOUKEN Co., Ltd（3F DaiwaA Hamamatsucho Bld., 1-9-10 Hamamatsucho, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0013, Japan）

Abstract
We investigated the effects of topical application of a lotion containing gold leaf on skin symptoms in 11
Japanese women between the ages of 20 and 59（mean, 47.5 ± 4.6 years）with concerns about skin dryness andsagging. This was an open-label controlled study comparing the eﬀects of a lotion with（test article）and without
gold leaf（control）, with application of each lotion on diﬀerent sides of the face in the morning and at night for
four consecutive weeks. The results showed that the test article significantly improved cutaneous watercontent, which reﬂected moisture retention in the skin, and cutaneous elasticity（return rate）, suggesting thatthe gold leaf in the lotion improved moisture retention and elasticity of the skin. These eﬀects were considered
to be due to coating eﬀects and the relaxing eﬀects of gold leaf. We anticipate that the use of gold leaf-containing
lotion will be a valuable approach in the cosmetology ﬁeld.
Key words: gold, lotion, cutaneous moisture retention, cutaneous elasticity, coating effect, cosmetologicaleﬀectIntroduction
Gold（chemical symbol: Au）possesses a metallic
luster, and is a precious metal that has been known sinceancient times. It is a metal element that belongs to Group
11 and 1B in the periodic table, and it is one of theelements in the copper group（also known as coinage
metals）1）. One of the reasons why gold has been highly
prized since ancient times is its unchanging appearance
over time, which is a property of gold. Gold does notreadily react, and it is able to maintain its luster
indefinitely because its surface does not easily oxidize.
Prior to the arrival of Europeans, the natives of Central
America thought of the radiance of gold as the sun, andgold was also regarded with great importance and was a
symbol in their religious belief and worldview 2）. Gold,similarly to platinum, has been used as a medicine for avery long time. Approximately 60 types of Chinese
medicine that are 1200 years old have been preserved at
Shosoin Temple in Nara, Japan, and 37% of these arecalled stone medicine that use minerals（inorganic
compounds）as raw materials and elements such as gold,
silver, copper, iron, tin, lead and arsenic have been
detected in these medicines. Moreover, elements such asiron, copper, mercury, lead, antimony and arsenic wereused as oral medications to treat diseases in medieval
Europe 3）. From the medical and scientific perspective,
although a number of these minerals are known to be
toxic, several pharmaceutical products that containprecious metals such as gold and platinum have beendeveloped in the late 20th century. Notable examples
include cisplatin, an anti-cancer drug that contains aplatinum ion; auranofin, an anti-rheumatic agent that is
an organogold compound; sucralfate, an anti-ulcer drugthat contains aluminum; and polaprezinc, an anti-ulcer
drug that contains zinc 3）. Gold is also used in perfume andcosmetic products; however, its cosmetological effects
remain unknown.
Therefore, we conducted an open-label controlled
study to investigate the eﬀects of topical application of alotion containing gold leaf on skin symptoms. A lotionthat did not contain gold leaf was used as a control, andeach lotion was applied to either the left or right side of
the face, twice a day（morning and night）for four
consecutive weeks. This study involved 11 Japanesewomen between the ages of 20 and 59（mean, 47.5 ± 4.6
years）with skin concerns such as dryness and sagging.

Ⅰ . Subjects and Methods
1. Subjects1）Eligibility
Twenty individuals who met the inclusion and exclusion
criteria listed below were selected from a database ofvolunteers who were registered with SOUKEN Co., Ltd.
Of these 20 individuals, 11 who volunteered to apply thetest article and who were determined to have relatively
low cutaneous water content and cutaneous elasticity（return rate）on both cheeks were selected as subjects
for this study.

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第 7 号（2014 年 7 月）

Table 1 Test article ingredients
Article: Lotion with gold leaf
Water, BG, betaine, glycosyl trehalose, hydrogenated starch hydrolysates, hydrolyzed collagen, sodium
hyaluronate, gold, platinum, hydrolyzed yeast extract, fermented soybean extract, aloe vera leaf
extract, Pueraria root extract, chlorella extract, arginine, carbomer, phenoxyethanol, polysorbate 80

Article: Lotion without gold leaf
Water, BG, betaine, glycosyl trehalose, hydrogenated starch hydrolysates, hydrolyzed collagen, sodium
hyaluronate, platinum, hydrolyzed yeast extract, fermented soybean extract, aloe vera leaf extract,
Pueraria root extract, chlorella extract, arginine, carbomer, phenoxyethanol, polysorbate 802）Inclusion criteria
ⅰ. Japanese women between the ages of 20‒59 years（inclusive）at the time of obtaining informed
consent
ⅱ. Those who feel dryness of the skinⅲ. Those who feel skin sagging3）Exclusion criteriaⅰ. Women who are pregnant or may be pregnant, or
lactating mothers
ⅱ. Those who are taking or applying medications（suchas drugs that possess skin-beautifying eﬀects）that
might aﬀect the test results
ⅲ. Those who regularly consume health foods（such as
supplements that claim to have skin-beautifying
eﬀects）that might aﬀect the test results
ⅳ. Those with a risk of developing skin allergy symptoms
or those with cutaneous hypersensitivity
ⅴ. Those with a risk of developing allergic symptoms
to ingredients in the test article
ⅵ. Those who regularly visited a dermatologist at thetime of the studyⅶ . Those who are participating in another clinical study4）Subject consent
Approval was obtained from Shiba Palace Clinic Ethical
Review Board prior to commencement of the study, andthe study content and procedure was thoroughly
explained to the subjects. Written consent was obtained
from the subjects, and the study adhered to the principlesof the Declaration of Helsinki.
2. Test article
The test article was a lotion that contained gold leaf
and the control article was a lotion that did not containgold leaf. The ingredients in each lotion are shown in
Table 1. Both the test and control articles were provided
by Hakuichi Co., Ltd.
3. Study procedure, study duration, testing andmeasurement methods, subject selection, andsubject assignment1）Study procedure
This was an open-label controlled study in whichapproximately 2 mL of the test article and control were
each applied on one side of the face twice a day（morningand night after cleansing）for 4 weeks.
2）Study Duration
The study was conducted for 4 weeks between August
28 and October 8, 2013. The test article was applied on
one side of the face and the control was applied on the
opposite side continuously for 4 weeks. There were threetime points for assessments: pre-application, after 2
weeks, and after 4 weeks. In addition, subjects were
instructed to refrain from shaving and depilation at themeasurement site（cheeks）during the study.
3）Testing and measurement methods
At the three assessment time points, subjects cleansed
their faces and rested for 20 minutes in a room
maintained at a temperature 22 ± 2 ℃ and humidity of
50 ± 10%（RH）to acclimatize the skin. Subsequently,
the skin conditions of the face were measured using theappropriate equipment.
ⅰ. Cutaneous water content
Using Corneometer CM825（Courage + Khazaka
Electronic GmbH）measurements were made at threesites（5 mm apart）along each cheekbone. The mean of
the measured values were recorded as the cutaneous
water content of the cheek area.
ⅱ. Cutaneous water loss
Using VapoMeter SWL-4360（Delfin Technologies,Ltd.）, measurements were made 3 cm from the base of
the earlobe on the line that connects the base of theearlobe and the corner of the mouth on both sides of thesubject s face. Measured values were recorded as
cutaneous water loss of the cheek area.
ⅲ. Cutaneous elasticity
Using Cutometer MPA 580（Courage + Khazaka
Electronic GmbH）three measurements were made 4 cm
from the base of the earlobe on the line that connects thebase of the earlobe and the corner of the mouth on bothsides of the subject s face. The diﬀerences in the medianvalues of the maximum and minimum amplitudes and theratio of maximum:minimum amplitudes（return rate）
were recorded as the cutaneous elasticity of the cheekarea.
ⅳ. Subjective symptom questionnaire
Subjects were given a questionnaire on subjective
symptoms and were asked to subjectively assess the skinat each time point. The questionnaire asked the subjects

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Table 2 Age of subjects
Items

Women

Number of people

11

Age（years）

47.5 ± 4.6

Mean ± standard deviation

Table 3 Changes in cutaneous water content
Measurement
Cutaneous watercontent

Units

−

Group

n

Pre-application

With gold leaf

11

47.4 ± 6.4

Without gold leaf

11

47.1 ± 7.7

P-value between
groups

P = 0.793

After 2 weeks

P-value between
time points

51.8 ± 6.3

P = 0.002 **47.4 ± 6.9

P = 0.927

P-value between
groups

P = 0.018 *After 4 weeks

P-value between
time points

51.8 ± 7.8

P = 0.002 **45.5 ± 5.4

P = 0.168

P-value between
groups

P = 0.006 **Mean ± standard deviation
For each group, Dunnett s test was used to compare between pre-application and after 2 weeks, and between pre-application and after 4 weeks. *: P < 0.05 **: P < 0.01 ***: P < 0.001
For each time point, paired t-test was used to compare the group using the lotion with gold leaf with the group using the lotion without gold leaf. *: P < 0.05 **: P < 0.01 ***: P < 0.001

60
51.8**#
50

51.8**
##

47.4
47.1

47.4

45.5

40

Without gold leaf（n = 11）
Mean ± standard error
For each group, Dunnett s test was used to compare between preapplication and after 2 weeks, and between pre-application and after
4 weeks.
*: P < 0.05 **: P < 0.01 ***: P < 0.001
For each time point, paired t-test was used to compare between thegroup using the lotion with gold leaf and the group using the lotion
without gold leaf.
#: P < 0.05 ##: P < 0.01 ###: P < 0.001

（％）30
20
10
0

With gold leaf（n = 11）

Pre-application

After 2 weeks

After 4 weeks
Fig. 1

Changes in cutaneous water content

to assess the following ten facial skin conditions on a ﬁvepoint scale （1, extremely concerned; 2, a little
concerned; 3, neither concerned nor unconcerned; 4, notvery concerned; 5, not concerned at all）
: sagging ,makeup not looking smooth , dull skin on the wholeface and poor complexion , dryness on the whole face ,dryness around the eyes and mouth , fine lines ,tightness after cleansing , dark circles under eyes ,skin texture and open pores , and firmness andelasticity of skin .
4）Selection of subjects
Subjects were screened using the following
procedures. First, cutaneous water content andcutaneous elasticity（return rate） were measured on
both the left and right cheeks of 20 individuals, and those
who met the inclusion criteria were ranked 1, 2, 3...
according to the measured values. These ranks wereused as the score for each type of measurement. Elevenindividuals with low total scores were selected toparticipate in this study. In the event that individuals had
the same total score, those with lower cutaneous watercontent took precedence.

5）Application site
The side of the faces for application of the test article
and control were randomly selected to achieve similar
mean screening values of cutaneous water content andcutaneous elasticity（return rate）as much as possible.
4. Statistical analysis
Measurements are expressed as mean ± standard
deviation in the manuscript and tables, and as mean ±standard error in the ﬁgures. Dr. SPSS Ⅱ（SPSS Inc.）was used for statistical analysis.
For the analysis between pre-application values andvalues at each time point, Dunnett s multiple comparison
test was used to compare cutaneous water content,
cutaneous water loss, and cutaneous elasticity, andWilcoxon signed-rank test（with Bonferroni correction）
was used to compare subjective symptoms.
For the comparison between the test article group andcontrol group at different time points, paired t-test wasused to compare cutaneous water content, cutaneous
water loss, and cutaneous elasticity, and Wilcoxon
signed-rank test was used to compare subjective
symptoms.

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Table 4 Changes in cutaneous elasticity
Measurement

Units

Group

n

Pre-application

P-value between
groupsCutaneous elasticity(maximum amplitude)mmWith gold leaf
Without gold leaf

11
110.249 ± 0.038
0.260 ± 0.044

P = 0.364

0.273 ± 0.022
0.265 ± 0.035

P = 0.073
P = 0.937

Cutaneous elasticity(minimum amplitude)mmWith gold leaf
Without gold leaf

11
110.082 ± 0.018
0.087 ± 0.015

P = 0.555

0.087 ± 0.018
0.092 ± 0.013

P = 0.527
P = 0.504

P = 0.417

0.085 ± 0.016
0.092 ± 0.015

Cutaneous elasticity(return rate)％

With gold leaf
Without gold leaf

11
11

67.0 ± 4.4
66.7 ± 2.1

P = 0.846

68.4 ± 4.6
65.1 ± 2.4

P = 0.099
P = 0.120

P = 0.044 *70.5 ± 3.9
65.9 ± 3.6

P-value between P-value between
time points
groupsAfter 2 weeks

P-value between
time points

P-value between
groupsAfter 4 weeks

P = 0.556

0.287 ± 0.045
0.270 ± 0.047

P = 0.005 **P = 0.751

P = 0.279

P = 0.837
P = 0.594

P = 0.277

P < 0.001 ***P = 0.508

P < 0.001 ***Mean ± standard deviation
For each group, Dunnett s test was used to compare between pre-application and after 2 weeks, and between pre-application and after 4 weeks. *: P < 0.05 **: P < 0.01 ***: P < 0.001
For each time point, the paired t-test was used to compare the group using the lotion with gold leaf with the group using the lotion without gold leaf. *: P < 0.05 **: P < 0.01 ***: P < 0.001

74
72With gold leaf（n = 11）
70.5***
###

70
68
（％）
66

67.0
66.7

65.9
65.1

64
62
60

Without gold leaf（n = 11）

68.4#
Mean ± standard error
For each group, Dunnett s test was used to compare between preapplication and after 2 weeks, and between pre-application and after
4 weeks.
*: P < 0.05 **: P < 0.01 ***: P < 0.001
For each time point, paired t-test was used to compare between thegroup using the lotion with gold leaf and the group using the lotion
without gold leaf.
#: P < 0.05 ##: P < 0.01 ###: P < 0.001

Pre-application

After 2 weeks
Fig. 2After 4 weeks
Changes in cutaneous elasticity (return rate)

All comparisons were two-tailed tests with signiﬁcancelevel at 5%.

Ⅱ . Study Results
1. Age of subjects
The mean age of the 11 subjects who participated inthis study was 47.5 ± 4.6 years（Table 2）.
2. Changes in cutaneous water content
The changes in cutaneous water content are shown in
Table 3 and Figure 1.
Cutaneous water content in the test article（lotion
containing gold leaf）group was 47.4 ± 6.4 at preapplication, 51.8 ± 6.3 after 2 weeks, and 51.8 ± 7.8
after 4 weeks, indicating significant elevations in watercontent after 2 weeks（ = 0.002）and after 4 weeks（= 0.002）compared with that at pre-application. In
contrast, significant time-dependent changes were notobserved in the control（lotion without gold leaf）group.
The test article group had signiﬁcantly higher cutaneous
water content compared with the control group after 2
weeks（ = 0.018）and after 4 weeks（ = 0.006）.
3. Changes in cutaneous water loss
Signiﬁcant changes in cutaneous water loss at diﬀerent
time points were not observed in either group. Signiﬁcantdiﬀerences between groups were also not observed.
4. Changes in cutaneous elasticity（return rate）
The changes in cutaneous elasticity（return rate）areshown in Table 4 and Figure 2.
The return rate in the test article group was 67.0 ±
4.4% at pre-application, 68.4 ± 4.6% after 2 weeks, and70.5 ± 3.9% after 4 weeks, demonstrating an increaseof 1.4 after 2 weeks and a signiﬁcant increase of 3.5 after
4 weeks（ < 0.001）. In contrast, significant changes
between different time points were not observed in thecontrol group. The test article group had significantly
greater cutaneous elasticity compared with the control
article group after 2 weeks（ = 0.044）and after 4
weeks（ < 0.001）.
5. Changes in subjective symptoms
The changes in subjective symptoms are shown in
Table 5.
In both the test article and control groups, the scoresof sagging , makeup not looking smooth , dryness
around the eyes and mouth , tightness after cleansing ,skin texture and open pores , and firmness andelasticity of skin were signiﬁcantly higher 2 and 4 weeks
after application compared with those at pre-application.
In both the test article and control groups, the scores ofdull skin on the whole face and poor complexion
were significantly higher 2 weeks after applicationcompared with those at pre-application. In both the test
article and control groups, the scores of dryness on thewhole face and fine lines were significantly higher
after 4 weeks of application compared with those at pre-

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Table 5 Changes in subjective symptoms
P-value between P-value between
time points
groupsConcerns

Units

Group

n

Pre-application

P-value between
groupsAfter 2 weeks

P-value between
time points

P-value between
groupsAfter 4 weeks

Skin sagging−

With gold leaf
Without gold leaf

11
11

1.36 ± 0.50
1.36 ± 0.50

P = 1.000

2.00 ± 0.45
2.00 ± 0.45

P = 0.008 *P = 0.008 *P = 1.000

2.55 ± 1.04
2.55 ± 1.04

P = 0.006 *P = 0.006 *Makeup not looking
smooth−With gold leaf
Without gold leaf

11112.00 ± 1.00
2.00 ± 1.00

P = 1.000

3.27 ± 1.01
3.09 ± 0.83

P = 0.010 *P = 0.013 *P = 0.317

3.64 ± 0.81
3.45 ± 0.82

P = 1.000

P = 0.004 **P = 0.004 **P = 0.157

Dull skin on the wholeface andpoor complexion−

With gold leaf
Without gold leaf

11
11

1.91 ± 1.38
1.91 ± 1.38

P = 1.000

2.82 ± 1.08
2.82 ± 1.08

P = 0.014 *P = 0.014 *P = 1.000

3.00 ± 1.55
3.00 ± 1.55

P = 0.026
P = 0.026

P = 1.000

Dryness on thewhole face−

With gold leaf
Without gold leaf

11
11

2.18 ± 0.87
2.18 ± 0.87

P = 1.000

3.18 ± 1.17
3.18 ± 1.25

P = 0.041
P = 0.035

P = 1.000

3.55 ± 1.21
3.55 ± 1.21

P = 0.014 *P = 0.014 *P = 1.000

Dryness aroundthe eyes and mouth−With gold leaf
Without gold leaf

11
11

2.09 ± 0.94
2.09 ± 0.94

P = 1.000

3.09 ± 1.04
3.09 ± 1.04

P = 0.022 *P = 0.022 *P = 1.000

3.45 ± 1.13
3.36 ± 1.29

P = 0.011 *P = 0.016 *P = 0.317

Fine lines−

With gold leaf
Without gold leaf

11
11

1.55 ± 1.04
1.55 ± 1.04

P = 1.000

2.18 ± 0.87
2.09 ± 0.70

P = 0.080
P = 0.124

P = 0.317

2.27 ± 1.01
2.36 ± 0.92

P = 0.023 *P = 0.014 *P = 0.317

Tightness after
cleansing−With gold leaf
Without gold leaf

11
11

1.82 ± 0.75
1.82 ± 0.75

P = 1.000

3.09 ± 0.94
3.27 ± 0.90

P = 0.009 *P = 0.004 **P = 0.317

3.36 ± 1.12
3.18 ± 1.17

P < 0.010 *P < 0.010 *P = 0.157

Dark circles undereyes−With gold leaf
Without gold leaf

11
11

2.09 ± 1.38
2.09 ± 1.38

P = 1.000

2.64 ± 1.12
2.55 ± 1.04

P = 0.323
P = 0.374

P = 0.317

2.64 ± 1.12
2.73 ± 1.10

P = 0.250
P = 0.176

P = 0.317

Skin texture and open
pores

−

With gold leaf
Without gold leaf

11
11

1.55 ± 0.93
1.55 ± 0.93

P = 1.000

2.73 ± 1.10
2.73 ± 1.10

P = 0.010 *P = 0.010 *P = 1.000

2.64 ± 1.12
2.64 ± 1.12

P < 0.010 *P < 0.010 *P = 1.000

Firmness and elasticity
of skin−With gold leaf
Without gold leaf

11
11

1.27 ± 0.47
1.27 ± 0.47

P = 1.000

2.27 ± 0.65
2.36 ± 0.67

P = 0.005 **P = 0.006 *P = 0.317

2.55 ± 1.04
2.55 ± 1.04

P = 0.006 *P = 0.006 *P = 1.000

Mean ± standard deviation
For each group, Wilcoxon signed-rank test (Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons) was used to compare between pre-application and after 2 weeks, and between pre-application andafter 4 weeks.
*: P < 0.05/2 **: P < 0.01/2 ***: P < 0.001/2
For each time point, Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare between the group using the lotion with gold leaf and the group using the lotion without gold leaf, and no signiﬁcantdiﬀerences were found.

application.
Significant differences between the test article groupand control group were not observed with any of theassessed items.
6. Safety
Adverse events were not observed during the study,
and the test article was considered to be safe.

Ⅲ . Discussion
In the present study, we conducted an open-label
controlled study to investigate the effects of a lotion
containing gold leaf on skin symptoms. Lotion that did notcontain gold leaf was used as a control, and each lotion
was applied to either the left or right side of the face,
twice a day（morning and night）for four consecutive
weeks. A total of 11 Japanese women between the ages
20 and 59（mean, 47.5 ± 4.6 years）with skin concerns
such as dryness and sagging were examined in this study.
Signiﬁcant improvements in cutaneous water content,
which represents moisture retention of the skin, and skinelasticity were observed with the application of lotion
containing gold leaf compared with the eﬀect of a lotionthat did not contain gold leaf. This suggested that thegold leaf itself improved moisture retention and elasticityof the skin.
People have highly prized gold through the ages 2）. In
the medical field, for example, the effects of thecontinuous consumption of pure gold on brain activity
were investigated using electroencephalography 4）. This
study demonstrated that the consumption of gold
activates the left brain and induces relaxation effects,
suggesting that it reduces stress. However, these eﬀects

may be attributed to its color apart from other physicalcharacteristics of gold. Color is known to have a strong
psychological impact on people even without such a fact
being verbalized 5）. For example, in a study that asked
subjects in their 20s to evaluate the colors projected on ascreen on a seven-point scale from cute to not cute ,the authors simultaneously measured several parameterssuch as heart beat and brainwaves, and found that
biological reactions were more active when the subjects
viewed colors that they evaluated（acknowledged）ascute relative to not cute colors 6）. In addition,
multiple elements such as color, fragrance and texture ofcosmetic products stimulate the central nervous system,
and colors with high levels of brightness were shown toincrease comfort and the sense of relaxation comparedwith those with low brightness 7）. The superiority of the
lotion containing gold leaf over the lotion that did notcontain gold leaf in this study was considered to be
attributable, at least partly, to the visual characteristics
of gold.
In the present study, both the test article and control
contained hydrolyzed collagen and sodium hyaluronate,
and the control without gold leaf could also be a productthat benefits the skin. Nonetheless, we confirmed thatthe lotion containing gold leaf significantly improved
objective indices such as cutaneous water content andcutaneous elasticity. Oil-based ingredients such as
Vaseline（petroleum jelly）form a coating on the stratum
corneum and are known to prevent water loss 8）-10）, and it
was considered that a similar eﬀect may be obtained byapplying gold leaf on the skin surface.
Our ﬁndings suggest that the test article in the present18 （656）

診療と新薬・第 51 巻

study may improve moisture retention and elasticity ofthe skin through relaxing and coating eﬀects by the goldleaf in the test article.

Conclusion
In the present study, we conducted an open-label
controlled study to investigate the effects of a lotion
containing gold leaf on skin symptoms. Lotion that did notcontain gold leaf was used as a control, and each lotion
was applied to either the left or right side of the face,
twice a day（morning and night）for four consecutive
weeks. A total of 11 Japanese women between the age of
20 and 59,（mean, 47.5 ± 4.6 years）with skin concerns
such as dryness and sagging were examined. The study
revealed the following results:
1）Cutaneous water content significantly improved
after application of a lotion that incorporated gold leaf as
an ingredient.
2）Cutaneous elasticity（return rate）significantly
improved after application of a lotion that incorporated
gold leaf as an ingredient.
3）We suggest that skin symptoms may have improved
because of the coating eﬀects and relaxing eﬀects of gold

第 7 号（2014 年 7 月）

leaf on people.
4）The above ﬁndings indicate that, by applying lotion
containing gold leaf twice a day at morning and night
after facial cleansing, moisture retention and elasticity ofthe skin can be improved safely and eﬀectively, and weanticipate that the use of this lotion will be a valuableapproach in the cosmetology ﬁeld.
References
1）Ina S: Frag J 1991; 19 ⑵ : 59-61（Article in Japanese）
2）Salas G, et al: JOM 2006; 58 ⑸ : 44-47
3）Sakurai H: the 15th University and Science Symposium（Article inJapanese）
4）The eﬀect that continuous taking pure gold gives for brain activity
and healing: in-house document of Hakuichi Co., Ltd
5）Yanagimoto Y, et al: Fragr J 1982; 52: 44-48（Article in Japanese）
6）Ohkura M, et al: The Institute of Electronics, Information andCommunication Engineers（IEICE）2009; 109（29）: 7-8（Article inJapanese）
7）Aou S, et al: Cosmetic Stage 2013; 7 ⑶ : 70-77（Article in Japanese）
8）Yamashita M, et al: Jpn J Nurs Health Sci 2013; 13 ⑴ : 11-16（Article
in Japanese）
9）Tsukifuji, R, et al: W Waves 1998; 4 ⑴ : 18-20（Article in Japanese）
10）Takahashi M: J Soc Cosmet Chem Jpn 2000; 34 ⑴ : 5-24（Article inJapanese）