2013 .1-12

JP Domain Name
Registry Report

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As the Internet is being used in increasingly diverse areas of society, the need fordomain names is growing and the area of domain name use is getting broader.
With this background, the total number of registered JP domain names topped 1.35
million as of January 2014. Also, the Prefecture Type JP Domain Name, which
was launched in November 2012 to meet the growing demand for domain names,
attained 10,000 registrations in March 2013.
As a new movement in the domain name industry, ICANN*1 s New gTLD Program
made further progress, and ICANN started accepting applications for new gTLD
strings. Evaluation of the applications was completed in 2013, and so numerous
new gTLDs are expected to be introduced from 2014 onward.
On the other hand, we have also seen a number of challenges related to the Internet
infrastructure, such as DDoS attacks which exploit DNS servers, cyber attacks
against registries and registrars, as well as the vulnerabilities of DNS software.
As a company supporting the basis of the Internet society through JP domain names
and DNS management, JPRS is striving to make the Internet safe for everyone touse. To this end, JPRS promptly provides information and deals with risks andchallenges as they arise. JPRS also actively contributes to discussions of global
issues and conveys relevant information to the community in Japan.
In addition to the above, JPRS is committed to its ongoing operations to improve JP
domain name services, develop systems, and carry out promotional activities tofacilitate the use of JP domain names and deliver greater value to users.
The management and administration of JP domain names require a high level ofcommitment to enhancing the public interest and encouraging sound competition.
Recognizing this vital nature of its services and inﬂuence on society, JPRS annually
publishes the Registry Report on its management and administration of .JP
domain names.
JPRS will continue to ensure that JP domain names remain useful and contribute to
the development of the Internet society.

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*1 ICANN: Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
http://www.icann.org/

Registry Report
Index

 Registry Activities
・ Goal of JPRS as the JP Domain Name Registry02

・ Activities in 201303

・ International Relations

06

・ Activities in Japan19

・ Overview of this Term s Activities and Challenges for the Future21

 Statistical Information
・ Change in the Cumulative Number of Registered JP Domain Names

22・ Breakdown of the Cumulative Number of Registered JP Domain Names

23・ Number of JP Domain Name Registrations by Prefecture24・ Transition of DNS Conﬁguration Rate

25

・ Number of Accredited JP Registrars

26

・ Number of Complaints Based on JP Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (JP-DRP)

27

 Reference・ History28

・ JP Domain Name Advisory Committee

29・ Proposals and Presentations

31

・ Press Releases

34・ Provision of Technical Information Related to DNS

35Registry Report01 Registry Activities

・

Goal of JPRS as the JP Domain Name Registry

Our main objectives as the registry are: to continuously improve the value of JP domain names; toprovide the registry services that contribute to society; and to gain stronger support from the local andglobal Internet community in an environment where JPRS competes and collaborates with otherregistries of Top Level Domains (TLDs) *1 and similar services.
JPRS deﬁnes the following as the core concepts for the registration and administration of JP domainnames.
Reliability : establishing domain name space with the public trust
Stability: operating and administering a stable domain name system (DNS)

Usability: providing accessible domain name services which meet users needs

Fee Performance : providing services at reasonable fees
With the mission of supporting the foundation of the Internet, JPRS considers it important to ensure
reliability and stability while pursuing a good balance with usability and fee performance.

*1 TLD: Top Level Domain

02 Registry Report・Activities in 2013

In 2013, JPRS continued to contribute to the development of the Internet society and worked toenhance its registry services and the value of JP domain names in cooperation with the JP Registrars
and other related organizations.

15th ThinkQuest JAPAN (February)
JPRS supported the 15th ThinkQuest JAPAN*1, a Web contest which was held by JAPIAS*2 forjunior and senior high school students. JPRS provided 762 General-use JP domain names (bothin Japanese and ASCII) free of charge for the works of 381 teams so that they could have original
domain names.
JPRS also presented the Best Domain Naming Award to the team who had chosen the mosteﬀective domain name to increase the appeal of their work.
http://jprs.co.jp/press/2013/130225.html (in Japanese)

Provision of a Japanese JP Domain Name to UenoPandaLive.jp (April)
JPRS presented the Japanese JP domain name うえのパンダライブ.jp toLive Streaming Site Broadcasting Giant Pandas in Ueno Zoological
Gardens (UenoPandaLive.jp) in order to raise awareness of Japanesedomain names. UenoPandaLive.jp is a service provided by the Tokyo
Zoological Park Society which aims to take advantage of theconvenience of the web and to help people, including those who may not
visit Ueno Zoological Gardens themselves, to learn more about giant
pandas.
http://jprs.co.jp/press/2013/130410.html (in Japanese)

Ueno Panda Live

Publication of JP Domain Name Life Cycle Webpage (April)
JPRS published a new webpage that describes the ﬂow of the processfrom JP Domain Name registration to deletion as well as how thestatuses of JP domain names change in response to applications andother requests.
http://jprs.jp/about/dom-rule/lifecycle/ (in Japanese)

JP Domain Name Life Cycle

Free Cartoon Booklet on the Internet System Sent to Junior and Senior High Schools
and Technical Colleges across Japan (May)Info-Communications Promotion Month is a nationwide initiative that has been
conducted as part of Internet-related educational activities. In line with this, fromMay 15 to June 30, JPRS set up the channels including a special webpage(http://マンガで学ぶ.jp) where teachers at junior and senior high schools andtechnical colleges could apply for the educational material produced by JPRS.
JPRS distributed the material free of charge to those who applied. Recognizing thegrowing importance of Internet-related education and shortage of teachingmaterials in schools, JPRS has worked on this project since 2010, in parallel with
the Info-Communications Promotion Month that starts on May 15 every year. Ponta s Great Adventurein the Network
JPRS has published and oﬀered the booklet for the fourth year in a row andreceived a number of applications from educational institutions across the nation. The number ofcopies distributed in these 4 years amounted to over 100,000. The material that JPRS distributed
is a graphical comic-style booklet entitled Ponta s Great Adventure in the Network. It contains
a story with many illustrations to help readers learn how the Internet functions, how to reachparticular websites and how the Internet address or domain name works. The result of the survey
conducted upon distribution of the booklet revealed that many teachers appreciated receiving andusing it as appropriate teaching material for Internet-related lessons.
http://jprs.co.jp/press/2013/130702.html (in Japanese)*1 ThinkQuest JAPAN : The current name is Japan High School Web Contest.
http://webcon.japias.jp/*2 JAPIAS: Japan Association for Promotion of Internet Application in School Education
http://japias.jp/

Registry Report03 Registry Activities

Interop Tokyo 2013 (June)
In its exhibition booth at the venue, JPRS gave mini-seminars
to visitors and explained the basics of domain names and DNS
technical information on Open DNS Resolvers: Issues andSolutions through a presentation and related exhibit panels.
http://jprs.co.jp/topics/2013/130603.html (in Japanese)

JPRS boothInformation Provision at the Planning Subcommittee within the Committee on Information andTelecommunication Policy, Keidanren (October)As part of JPRS s eﬀorts to provide information, Takeshi Mitamura of JPRS gave a presentation
entitled Recent Developments on Domain Names at the Planning Subcommittee within theCommittee on Information and Telecommunication Policy, Keidanren on October 11, 2013. Hepresented statistics on the results of the new gTLD evaluations and outlined the trademark
protection measures taken for new gTLDs.

Change of TTL Value of the DSs RR on JP DNS Servers (November)
JPRS changed the TTL value of the DS Resource Records (DS RRs) on JP DNS from 86400 (oneday) to 7200 (two hours).
The purpose of this change is to shorten the time necessary to ﬁx the DNSSEC validation errors
caused by rollover failures of KSK registered to JPRS as well as the time necessary for the KSK
rollovers.
http://jprs.jp/whatsnew/notice/2013/20131106-ds-ttl-change.html (in Japanese)

Internet Week 2013 (November)
JPRS supported Internet Week 2013 as a sponsor and assigned Yoshiro Yoneya and Tomoya
Sakaguchi to the Program Committee where they played a leading role in planning DNS DAY.
Other JPRS staﬀ members also took part in the event by giving
presentations.
Takafumi Mizuno, Takaharu Ui and Yoshitaka Aharenpresented an update on JP DNS and domain names together
with the evaluations and measurements of DNS at DNS DAY.
At a lunch seminar entitled Let s Think of the Size of DNS
Messages - Lunch with DNS -, Yasuhiro Morishita andSatsuki Hori talked about recent topics and developments
regarding the size of DNS messages.
http://jprs.co.jp/topics/2013/131001.html (in Japanese)

04 Registry Report

Internet Week 2013

JPRS/ICANN Joint Seminar (November)
Under the New gTLD Program carried out by ICANN, more than
1,000 TLDs are expected to be introduced in the next few years.
JPRS responded to this new development by collaborating withICANN to hold a joint seminar entitled Latest Developments
Regarding Internet Domain Names -What Businesses Should
Consider in the Lead-up to the Diversiﬁcation of Domain Nameson November 27, 2013. In the seminar, JPRS and ICANN
described the New gTLD Program and its current status, and thendiscussed how businesses could utilize and protect their
JPRS/ICANN Joint Seminar
intellectual property in the ﬁeld of domain names.
Atsushi Endo of JPRS gave a presentation entitled Latest Developments of Domain Names inJapan and the World and gave statistics on the results of new gTLD applications and an overview
of the trademark rights protection mechanism with approximately 50 participants including
companies and patent attorneys. Then Mr.Yu-Chuang Kuek of ICANN, the organization
responsible for the New gTLD Program, and Ms. Vicky Folens of Deloitte, a company engaged inrights protection measures, illustrated the business potential of new gTLDs and explained thedetails and usage of the Trademark Clearinghouse (TMCH) in the session entitled ICANN s New
gTLD Program and Trademark Rights Protection Mechanism. These presentations were followed
by a Q&A session at which the participants actively asked questions to the speakers and gave
ICANN various feedback on the rights protection measures.

Cooperation with the Company Visit of Nagasaki Minami High School (December)
JPRS gave an overview of its organization and domain name services to the students of Nagasaki
Minami High School which visits various companies to help students think about their future
career. JPRS cooperated with this educational activity of the school.

Events and Seminars for JP Registrars
May

JP Registrar Seminar ‒ An Introduction to Domain Name Registration and Administration ‒JPRS provided basic information on domain names and outlined how to register andadminister them to the newly accredited JP Registrars and those staﬀ of JP Registrars
who recently started handling JP domain names.

Jun.

JPRS Technical Seminar
The session DNS-related Hot Topics was intended for engineers and covered topics
such as an overview of and countermeasures against DDoS attacks utilizing open
resolvers as well as attacks against registries and registrars that had been occurring
frequently. JPRS illustrated each issue with reference to actual cases. JPRS also shared
the information useful for DNS server administration and latest updates on BIND 10 andprovided basic knowledge on DNS and DNSSEC to the newly-appointed technical staﬀs.

Oct.

12th JP Partners Meetings
JPRS described developments in the domain name industry, its service plans including
future service changes as well as information useful for day-to-day operations. JPRS also
explained the contents of the DNS-related Hot Topics introduced in the JPRSTechnical Seminar for non-technical participants.

Nov.

JP Registrar Seminar ‒ An Introduction to Domain Name Registration and Administration ‒JPRS provided basic information on domain names and outlined how to register andadminister them to the newly accredited JP Registrars and those staﬀ of JP Registrars
who recently started handling JP domain names.

Registry Report05 Registry Activities

・International Relations

1. Participation in ICANNICANN is a private non-proﬁt organization established in the
United States in 1998 to coordinate resources underpinning theInternet, such as domain names, IP addresses and root servers.
ICANN holds three public meetings each year in diﬀerent regionsof the world to enable global stakeholders to participate inperson and discuss policies and rules for resource management.
In 2013, ICANN held its 46th meeting in Beijing, China, the 47th
meeting in Durban, South Africa and the 48th meeting in Buenos
Aires, Argentina.

ICANN47

With the participation of numerous parties interested in ccTLD*1 and gTLD*2, ICANN meeting has
always functioned as an important forum for exchanging views and debating issues on policies andgovernance concerning domain name management. In recent years, ICANN has also come to play avital role in discussions and information-sharing on technical issues including DNS and DNSSEC.
The development of a long-term overall policy for the introduction of IDN ccTLDs continued to makeprogress. Under the New gTLD Program, ICANN concluded the Initial Evaluation and has proceededwith the process to sign the Registry Agreement with TLDs that passed the evaluation.
ICANN also continued with its reorganization by decentralizing the headquarters function originallyperformed only in Los Angeles and setting up a local hub oﬃce in Istanbul, Turkey and another in
Singapore. This was part of ICANN s initiative toward organizational management based on
multistakeholder cooperation with various stakeholders, which has been the goal set by Mr. Fadi
Chehade, the CEO of ICANN who assumed oﬃce in September 2012.
Since its foundation, JPRS has been actively participating in the organization of ICANN and various
policy discussions, and supporting the coordination of Internet resource management led by theprivate sector, with ICANN playing the central role. In 2002, JPRS signed a ccTLD Sponsorship
Agreement with ICANN, and has since been entrusted by ICANN to serve as the registry of Japan s
ccTLD .jp .
By participating in various organizations established within ICANN, as well as by conducting
presentations and information exchanges at diﬀerent meetings, JPRS assists in policy development
and implementation-planning to cope with issues facing ICANN and registries. Also via ICANN, JPRS
is sharing its experience in JP registry operations with the global community, thereby contributing to
the development of the Internet as a whole.
The following reports JPRS s activities in ICANN organizations:*1 ccTLD : Country Code Top Level Domain*2 gTLD : Generic Top Level Domain

06 Registry Report

（1）ccNSO
ccNSO*3 is one of the Supporting Organizations set up in ICANN to assist its activities. The roleof ccNSO is to form a consensus in the ccTLD community on global issues concerning the entire
ccTLD space and to make recommendations to the ICANN Board. JPRS has been the member of
ccNSO since its inception in 2003, and Hirofumi Hotta of JPRS has served as a ccNSO Council
member during the same time. As a result of the ccNSO Council Election held in December 2013,
Hotta was re-elected as the Council member and will continue to serve until 2017.
One of JPRS's biggest contributions in ccNSO is the planning and designing of the IDN ccTLD
Fast Track*4 Process. Since the oﬃcial start of this process in November 2009, 40 IDN ccTLDs
have been introduced (as of January 24, 2014).
While implementing the ccTLD Fast Track Process, ccNSO has revisited the permanent policy for
IDN ccTLDs. Major topics of the discussions include (1) reviewing the deﬁnition of character
strings allowed as IDN ccTLDs and (2) redeﬁning ccNSO membership after the introduction of
IDN ccTLDs. To study these issues, ccNSO appointed two working groups in the ﬁrst half of2010, and Hirofumi Hotta of JPRS has participated in this initiative from the start. He took partin the working group for (1) above as an observer and chaired the working group for (2), taking
the initiative in the discussions and compiling the ﬁnal report. Based on the ﬁnal report, ccNSO,
through the ccNSO Council, made a proposal to the ICANN Board in September 2013 andrecommended changing the related sections in the ICANN Bylaws.
In every ccNSO meeting held in conjunction with the ICANN meeting, the members exchanged
information on the state of Internet governance and related eﬀorts taken in each country as wellas international discussions regarding the United Nations and international treaties, whichstrongly reﬂected the keen interest of the participants and rapid evolution of the discussions.
JPRS also explained the state of governance in Japan, which attracted considerable interest
among other member ccTLDs as they compared the case of Japan with that of their own
countries. Through these activities, the members recognized the importance of such informationexchanges.
With respect to ﬁnancial contributions by the ccTLDs to ICANN, ccNSO discussed about theproper amount of contributions. The amount of the contribution by each gTLD has been stipulatedon the basis of the number of domain name registrations. On the other hand, ccTLDs in generalcontinue to contribute on a voluntary basis for historical reasons. Under the circumstances, onlya small number of ccTLD registries decide the amount in advance and provide funding to ICANN,
while many ccTLD registries do not make any ﬁnancial contribution. Therefore, ICANN has calledon the ccNSO to deﬁne a proper amount.
In response, ccNSO discussed the model to be used for determining the amount of ﬁnancial
contribution by ccTLD registries to ICANN. This resulted in a new guideline specifying that
ccTLD registries would contribute the amount calculated according to the number of registereddomain names, while in principle the contribution should be determined on a voluntary basis. This
guideline was supported by the ccNSO members and the Council, and took eﬀect in November
2013.

*3 ccNSO: Country Code Names Supporting Organisation
http://ccnso.icann.org/*4 Fast Track : A method designed to enable the timely introduction of a limited number of IDN ccTLDs to meet an immediate need for ccTLDs
in non-Latin scripts, while ccPDP, a policy development process for the formal launch of IDN ccTLD, is underway.
Registry Report07 Registry Activities

On the other hand, we saw a number of attacks against registries and registrars in 2013. The
ccNSO meeting held in Buenos Aires in November described the security incident in Costa Rica(.cr) on October 13, 2013*5, and the participants learned the steps taken in response and theknowledge gained from the experience (recommendation for the other ccTLDs).
In the presentation about the experience, the speaker described how the registry communicatedwith ICANN Security Team and the local CSIRT*6, how it compiled the documents for publication,and how it dealt with the media and provided information to customers. The presenter went on topoint out the signiﬁcance of immediacy and transparency in communicating with customers,
eﬀective cooperation with the ICANN Security Team and the local CSIRT, prior planning of themedia strategy as well as advance preparation of internal response procedures. The participantsalso learned that it is critical to distribute accurate information and that it is diﬃcult to correct
information once it has spread.

（2）IDN Variant TLD Program
The IDN Variant TLD Program is a series of activities to develop Label Generation Rules (LGR)
for the root zone and aims to establish procedures to add non-ASCII script to the root zone.
Yoshiro Yoneya of JPRS has been a member of this project as an expert on IDN. In April 2013,
the ICANN Board adopted the ﬁnal report compiled by the project, thus completing the root LGR.
To establish speciﬁc rules for the root zone, Generation Panels, which create a set of character
usage rules speciﬁc to each script, and an Integration Panel, which integrates these rules intoa single uniﬁed LGR for the root zone, have been established. JPRS has experience of developing
such rules for Japanese domain names, and so plans to lead the Japanese Script Generation
Panel by consulting experts in Japan and working in close coordination with CNNIC of China,
TWNIC of Taiwan and KISA of Korea, all of which use Kanji.

*5 The security incident in Costa Rica (.cr) : The attackers exploited a vulnerability in the registry s webpage and abused customers accounts,
resulting in unauthorized changes to the registration data for 8 domain names including google.cr.
*6 CSIRT : Computer Security Incident Response Team. CSIRT is a security incident response team/function to be set up within organizations.
A CSIRT monitors problems, examines the causes if problems occur, and investigates the extent of the impact. JPCERT/CC is oneof the major CSIRTs in Japan.
08 Registry Report（3）WHOIS RT IRD WG
The WHOIS Protocol Speciﬁcation (RFC 3912) does not deﬁne speciﬁcations for exchanging
data encoded in character sets other than US-ASCII. Therefore, each TLD has to develop its own
speciﬁcation to internationalize its WHOIS (to enable it to handle character sets other than
US-ASCII). The number of WHOIS service users who are only familiar with languages that requirecharacter sets other than US-ASCII keeps increasing, so it is desired to develop a new
standardized protocol and replace the legacy WHOIS protocol with it for internationalization of
domain name registration data.
With this background, ICANN considered that it was necessary to recommend internationalized
registration data requirements applicable to gTLDs and in 2013 formed WHOIS RT IRD WG*7,
a working group to for it.
This working group is tasked with deciding the requirements and data model for internationalized
registration data. The results of the working group will be subjected to go through the ICANN
public comment process and will form the basis for further policy development and a contractual
framework for gTLDs.
The members of the working group were publicly sought, and a number of experts from IETF,
registry and registrar operators were gathered. Naoki Kambe of JPRS is also participating in theworking group as a member representing the registry operator and is helping to determine therequirements and design data model for internationalized registration data.

（4）DNSSEC Workshop Program Committee
As part of its eﬀorts to promote DNSSEC, ICANN holds the DNSSEC Workshop in every ICANN
meeting. This DNSSEC Workshop functions as a forum for registries, registrars, Internet service
providers and businesses to share their experience in deploying DNSSEC and to learn the latest
technological trends related to DNSSEC.
Yoshiro Yoneya of JPRS serves on the DNSSEC Workshop Program Committee as a member
representing Asia and plays a part by planning the workshops and informing the other membersof the situation in Japan.

*7 WHOIS RT IRD WG : WHOIS Review Team Internationalized Registration Data WG
https://community.icann.org/display/whoisird/WHOIS+RT+IRD+WG+Home

Registry Report09 Registry Activities（5）SSACSSAC*8, one of the Advisory Committees in ICANN, advises the ICANN community and theICANN Board on issues related to Internet security and stability. SSAC consists mainly oftechnical experts, such as registries, registrars, root server operators, and Internet-related
researchers.
Since 2007, Shinta Sato of JPRS has been participating in SSAC as a member. Using his
experience of working in a ccTLD registry, Sato is committed to ensuring that the Internet
operates stably at the global level.

（6）Participation in ICANN KSK Ceremony
The deployment of DNSSEC in the root zone requires that a private key and a public key begenerated with public key cryptography. The procedure to create a pair of keys is generally calleda key ceremony, and the procedure speciﬁcally conducted by ICANN for the root zone is called
ICANN KSK*9 Ceremony.
Root servers are an indispensable foundation of the Internet, so it must be demonstrated to theentire community that there is no fraud or errors in the generation and updating of these keys. For
this reason, prior to holding key ceremonies, ICANN selected 21 TCRs (Trusted Community
Representatives) to participate in the ceremonies as representatives of the global Internet
community. Masato Minda of JPRS was selected as one of the TCRs and was appointed one of
the COs (Crypto Oﬃcer: one of the roles played by TCR) in the ICANN s facility on the West
Coast (in Los Angeles, USA).
The ICANN KSK Ceremony 12 was held in February 2013 and was attended by 20 participants,
including Minda and three other COs. At the ceremony, the signatures for the period between April
and July 2013 were created. The schedules, status and results of the ICANN KSK Ceremonies
are posted on the ICANN website*10.

*8 SSAC : Security and Stability Advisory Committee
http://www.icann.org/en/groups/ssac*9 KSK : Key Signing Key*10: http://www.dns.icann.org/ksk/
10 Registry Report2. Participation in IETF
IETF*1 was established in 1986 by IAB (Internet Architecture Board) to promote standardizationof Internet technologies. There are a number of Working Groups in IETF that intend to create
Internet-related standards in various technology areas.
Discussion and other activities of IETF are handled via its mailing lists. IETF also holds meetings
three times per year, and these meetings are attended by engineers gathering from around theworld. In 2013, IETF 86 was held in Orlando, USA; IETF 87 in Berlin, Germany; and IETF 88 in
Vancouver, Canada.
JPRS is participating in the standardization activities in IETF by
working on internationalization of the identiﬁers to be used in the
protocols that IETF speciﬁes, suggesting solutions to the issues
related to DNS operations and proposing standardization of thetechnologies employed by registries.
The following reports JPRS s activities in IETF:
IETF88（1）Revision of Internationalized Domain Name Protocol
IDN*2 refers to domain names in Kanji, Hangul, Arabic and other non-ASCII (alphanumeric)characters, or their technical speciﬁcations. IETF standardized the IDN protocols in 2003 andrevised them in 2010.
To promote IDN, JPRS provides the internationalized domain name tool kit 2 (idnkit-2), which
complies with the latest speciﬁcations revised in 2010, to the community. This tool kit oﬀers API(library) for application developers to make software comply with the IDN speciﬁcations, as well
as a set of tools for system administrators to properly process IDN.
JPRS revises idnkit-2 from time to time, in accordance with the revisions of Unicode and the
updates of the IANA table, which basically deﬁnes the set of characters used in IDN labels. In
2013, JPRS prepared for the release of the new version that corresponded to Unicode 6.3.0.
http://jprs.co.jp/idn/index-e.html*1 IETF : Internet Engineering Task Force
http://www.ietf.org/*2 IDN : Internationalized Domain Name

Registry Report11 Registry Activities（2）Internationalization of Email Addresses
EAI*3 is a series of protocol extensions that internationalize email addresses and allow
non-alphanumeric characters to be used in the addresses. EAI was standardized as a veriﬁcation
test protocol in the period from 2008 to 2010. Then, IETF drew up a standard protocol to be usedin actual operations. In February 2012, the SMTP extension, an enhancement to the Internet
Message Format and extended delivery status as well as disposition notiﬁcations became thestandard. Furthermore, the standardization of POP*4 and IMAP*5 was concluded in March 2013.
Among those standards, RFC 6856 and RFC 6857 were coauthored by Kazunori Fujiwara of
JPRS.
RFC 6856: Post Oﬃce Protocol Version 3 (POP3) Support for UTF-8
RFC 6857: Post- Delivery Message Downgrading for Internationalized Email Messages
http://jprs.co.jp/topics/2013/130314̲2.html (in Japanese)（3）Promotion of the Standardization of Internationalized Identifier Processing
Internationalized identiﬁers generally refer to identiﬁers containing at lease one non-alphanumericcharacters (i.e., internationalized) that uniquely identify domain names, email addresses, andwebsite addresses on the Internet.
To use internationalized identiﬁers, preprocessing is necessary to unify or normalize charactertypes and compatible characters so that character strings can be matched up correctly. IETF
issued an RFC in 2003 to propose stringprep as the standard method of preprocessing. Since
stringprep refers to the older version of Unicode speciﬁcations, it needs to be revised.
Accordingly, in June 2010, IETF set up the precis Working Group (WG)*6 to discuss revisions tostringprep. Yoshiro Yoneya from JPRS was appointed Co-Chair of the WG to lead its activities.
In March 2013, RFC 6885 was published as the ﬁrst RFC that clearly articulated the issues tobe addressed by the precis WG. The discussion on the framework for resolving issues was nearlycompleted in 2013, and it is expected to result in an RFC by the end of 2014.

*3 EAI: Email Address Internationalization*4 POP: Post Oﬃce Protocol. A protocol that allows a user to retrieve emails from a mail server.
*5 IMAP: Internet Message Access Protocol. A protocol that allows a user to manipulate email messages on a mail server.
*6 precis WG : Preparation and Comparison of Internationalized Strings WG
https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/precis/

12 Registry Report

（4）weirds WG
weirds WG*7 is a working group set up to develop a new protocol to replace the legacy WHOIS
protocol and to conduct interoperability tests through implementing the prototypes.
The legacy WHOIS speciﬁcation needed to be replaced, as the data format of responses has notbeen standardized and the speciﬁcation does not take internationalization into account.
Therefore, the development of a new protocol to replace the legacy WHOIS protocol has long
been discussed.
To settle the issue, the weirds WG adopted RDAP (Registration Data Access Protocol) as the
protocol for web-based queries on registration data and JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) as the
protocol to display structured and internationalized registration data.
The participants in the WG including ARIN*8 and RIPE NCC*9 publish the prototype in which these
protocols are implemented. Interoperability tests by applying such implementation are conducted
on a regular basis, and the issues that are identiﬁed by the results of these tests are thendiscussed in the WG.
JPRS has paid close attention to these activities since the WG was established and is also
working on implementation of a prototype of RDAP and JSON. JPRS plans to participate in theinteroperability tests in 2014.
http://jprs.jp/related-info/event/2013/1217IETF.html (in Japanese)（5）dnsop WG
The name of dnsop WG*10 derives from DNS Operations, and aims to compile a guideline for DNS
operation in general, including administration of DNS servers and registration data.
JPRS has actively participated in the dnsop WG with its expertise as the JP DNS operator, by
proposing RFC 4074, presenting the issues caused by misconﬁgurations of DNS servers andplaying a part in the discussions on the change of DNS operators at the time of DNSSEC
operation.
In 2013, JPRS pointed out the increase of DS queries caused by the addition of DNSSEC
validators and discussed possible countermeasures.

*7 weirds WG : Web Extensible Internet Registration Data Service WG
https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/weirds/*8 ARIN: American Registry for Internet Numbers
https://www.arin.net/*9 RIPE NCC : Réseaux IP Européens Network Coordination Centre
http://www.ripe.net/*10 dnsop WG : Domain Name System Operations WG
https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/dnsop/
Registry Report13 Registry Activities

3. Participation in Registry Associations（1）APTLDJPRS has been a member of APTLD*1 since 2002. As the registry for JP domain names, JPRS
proposes improvements of APTLD activities, provides information and exchanges views atpresentations and meetings so that the ccTLD community in the Asia-Paciﬁc region can gain
experience and expertise and raise the level of service standards. Besides this, Hirofumi Hotta of
JPRS was elected APTLD Board Director in 2013, and his term of oﬃce runs until March 2015.
We have seen a number of IDN ccTLDs and new gTLD registries entering the market recently,
marking the advent of a new era. In this light, APTLD set up the mission & objectives WG, a newworking group with a mandate to revisit the mission and objectives of APTLD. Hotta serves as the
Chair of the WG.
In February, he led the discussion among the members about potential future issues including thepossible stance that APTLD might adopt in facing new gTLDs. In August, Yuri Takamatsu of JPRS
described its plan to conceal the registrant names in WHOIS. The plan was under internalconsideration in JPRS at that time, and she shared with the APTLD members the service contents
being studied and the issues that had triggered the internal discussion. The participants asked her
a number of questions such as how the service would impact on the existing rules and the beneﬁts
that could be gained by providing such service, which stimulated the debate among themselves.
As an Ordinary Member, JPRS is contributing to the activities of APTLD through giving
presentations such as the above and participating in the discussions with other members in the
APTLD meetings.

（2）CENTR
CENTR*2 is an association consisting of ccTLD registries mainly in Europe. As an Associate
member, JPRS shares information and exchanges opinions with other CENTR members. In addition,
CENTR conducts surveys and information-sharing among members, so JPRS is actively taking partin these activities to consider its future services in the light of what it learns in CENTR.
At the CENTR meeting held in June, Hirofumi Hotta of JPRS introduced the service contents,
sales promotion tools and possible manner of utilizing the Prefecture Type JP Domain Name.
In October, the TV commercial produced by JPRS entitled May cause drowsiness was
nominated for the marketing and communications award and was highly rated in the CENTR
Awards 2013, a series of prizes given to those CENTR Members that have carried out
outstanding projects in areas ranging from research and development, to marketing,communications and security. JPRS s commercial introduced domain names and DNS, which
Internet users are usually unaware of, and outlined the activities of JPRS as the registry. This
extraordinary communication eﬀort targeting the Internet community was highly appreciated.
http://jprs.co.jp/en/topics/2013/131004.html*1 APTLD : Asia Paciﬁc Top Level Domain Association
http://www.aptld.org/*2 CENTR : Council of European National Top Level Domain Registries
https://www.centr.org/
14 Registry Report

4. Other International Activities（1）Participation in the Internet Governance Forum (IGF)
IGF*1 is an international conference that has been held annually since 2006. IGF 2013 was heldin Bali, Indonesia, starting with pre-IGF events on October 21st and lasting until October 25th.
JPRS also participated in the conference and mentioned the importance of multistakeholder
cooperation for the evolution of ever-changing services in the High Level Leaders Meeting. In
the session entitled Country Code Top Level Domain as a Supreme Gateway for Local Content
Development, JPRS gave a presentation and participated in the discussion. JPRS remarked in
the discussion that ccTLDs should not only support IDNs but also contribute to society by taking
such measures as literacy development to promote Internet usage and the provision of sounddomain name spaces, with which the audience agreed.

（2）Participation in Asia Pacific Regional Internet Governance Forum (APrIGF)
APrIGF*2 has been held annually since 2010, with the participation of mainly the members of thecommunity in the Asia Paciﬁc. It has been a forum for discussing Internet governance issues andother issues speciﬁc to the region.
In 2013, the APrIGF was held in Seoul, Korea from September 4 to 6. JPRS took part in themeeting and talked about the concept of community contribution as the ccTLD registry,
introduced its analysis of IDN deployment in Japan and played a part in the discussion as a panel
member.

（3）Efforts Related to Internet Governancea) Submission of Comments in Response to the Questionnaire of the Working Group on
Enhanced Cooperation under the United Nations
On August 30, 2013, JPRS submitted its comments in response to the questionnaire of theWorking Group on Enhanced Cooperation, Commission on Science and Technology for
Development (CSTD WGEC) within the United Nations.
WGEC will play a part in the review of the Tunis Agenda adopted in the World Summit on the
Information Society (WSIS) in November 2005 and so published the above-mentioned
questionnaire as part of its study on the status of enhanced cooperation to gather inputs froma broad range of entities not limited to governments.
JPRS has supported the coordination of Internet resource management led by the private
sector based on the open, bottom-up and multistakeholder model. From this standpoint, JPRS
submitted its written opinion in response to the request for comments.
http://jprs.co.jp/en/topics/2013/130902.html*1 IGF: Internet Governance Forum
http://www.intgovforum.org/*2 APrIGF : Asia Paciﬁc Regional Internet Governance Forum
http://www.rigf.asia/
Registry Report15 Registry Activitiesb) Submission of Comments to the Council Working Group on International Internet-related
Public Policy Issues (CWG-Internet)
On October 7, 2013, JPRS submitted its comments in response to the call for publiccomments by the Council Working Group on International Internet-related Public Policy Issues(CWT-Internet).
The objectives of CWG-Internet are to study and promote international Internet-related public
policy issues to stimulate discussion in ITU*3, and this public consultation attracted extensive
comments from the community at large.
JPRS has supported the whole Internet administration, ranging from its operation to utilization,
led by the private sector on the open, bottom-up and multistakeholder basis. From thisstandpoint, JPRS submitted its comments in response to the consultation.
http://jprs.co.jp/en/topics/2013/131008.html

In addition to the above, JPRS is engaging in activities related to Internet governance, in
consultation with the relevant parties including the Ministry of Internal Aﬀairs andCommunications.

（4）Participation in the DotAsia Organisation
The DotAsia Organisation*4 is the sponsoring organization and registry for the .asia top leveldomain. It is a not-for-proﬁt organization incorporated in Hong Kong and contributes its proceedsof the .asia registration services toward promoting the Internet in the Asia-Paciﬁc region bycarrying out various community projects.
The DotAsia Organisation s Internet advancement initiatives include the Secretariat of APrIGF
and the Asia Paciﬁc Next Generation (APNG) Camp and the NetMission Ambassadors Program,a capacity building eﬀort for young people who are expected to play a role in the evolution of theInternet.
JPRS has participated in the DotAsia Organisation as a Sponsor Member since its foundation, andAtsushi Endo of JPRS plays a role in its organizational operation as one of the Board Directors.

*3 ITU : International Telecommunication Union
http://www.itu.int/*4
DotAsia Organisation
http://www.dot.asia/
16 Registry Report（5）Participation in Root DNS Server Operator Organizations Meetings
IETF holds meetings three times a year, and representatives of root DNS server operator
organizations meet on the ﬁrst day of each meeting. JPRS has been participating in thesemeetings as one of the organizations in charge of M-Root DNS server operations. At thesemeetings, attendees share information principally on the stability of server operations and topics
related to the latest technology.
As one of the operators of the M-Root DNS server, JPRS has also been participating in RSSAC*5,
one of the Advisory Committees within ICANN that advises the ICANN Board on matters relating
to the operation of the Root Server System. In 2013, RSSAC discussed the method for traﬃc dataacquisition common to all root servers in order to maintain stable operation even after the
introduction of new gTLDs.

（6）Participation in the BIND 10 Development Project
BIND is the DNS server software most widely used on the Internet. In April 2009, ISC*6, a
non-proﬁt organization in the United States, announced a plan to improve the security androbustness of this software and set up a project to develop the next-generation BIND 10. JPRS
supports the objectives of this project and participates in it as one of the Founding members.
This project is sponsored by many TLD registries around the world, including JPRS, CIRA (.ca)
and DENIC (.de).
Since the outset of the project, JPRS has been oﬀering not only ﬁnancial support but also humanresources, assigning its engineers, Kazunori Fujiwara, Naoki Kambe and Yoshitaka Aharen to thedevelopment team.
In 2013, JPRS conducted a ﬁeld test for BIND 10 using the JP zone and gave the development
team feedback on the test results. Consequently in June 2013, version 1.1.0 of the authoritative
DNS server function was released, and the performance relating to bug ﬁxing and zone transfer
was improved. In addition, counters for statistics were deployed in each internal module, thereby
expanding the statistical functions.
In January 2014, ISC announced the completion of the initial development program of BIND 10.
http://jprs.co.jp/en/topics/2014/140131.html*5 RSSAC : Root Server System Advisory Committee
http://www.icann.org/en/groups/rssac*6 ISC: Internet Systems Consortium, Inc.
https://www.isc.org/
Registry Report17 Registry Activities（7）Activities in Academic Societies
JPRS is conducting ongoing research on DNS. In 2013, Takeshi Mitamura and Kazunori Fujiwaraof JPRS respectively presented their ﬁndings to academic societies at home and abroad. Both oftheir papers were accepted and published in respective research journals.
・Lecture at the Memorial Symposium on Information Propagation Mechanism Analysis for the
40th + 101st Anniversary of the University of Tsukuba
Title: Analyzing the Transition of Social Interest in the Internet
Author: Takeshi Mitamura
・Paper published in Journal of Information Processing Vol. 21 No. 3
Title: DNS Traﬃc Analysis ‒ CDN and the World IPv6 Launch
Authors: Kazunori Fujiwara, Akira Sato and Kenichi Yoshida
・Presentation (invited lecture) at the international conference entitled IEICE TechnicalCommittee on Internet Architecture, Oct. 2013
Title: Cardinality in Big Data - Examples in L3 & L7 Network
Authors: Takeshi Mitamura and Kenichi Yoshida
・Paper published in Journal of the Japan Society for Management Information 22.3, 2013
Title: Analyzing People's Behavior Using Network Data
Authors: Takeshi Mitamura and Kenichi Yoshida（8）Participation in DNS-OARC
DNS-OARC*7 is an international organization established in 2004 for the purpose of improving thestability and quality of DNS through various activities related to operation, analysis and study of
DNS, the system widely used on the Internet. DNS-OARC conducts the DITL*8, which involves
collecting and evaluating server packets of DNS including the root servers once a year for 50
hours.
DNS-OARC has held two workshops each year. In the workshops held in 2013, JPRS raised theissue on the increase of DS queries due to the growth of DNS validators and reported thecomparison between the DITL data of root servers and that of JP DNS.

*7 DNS-OARC : The DNS Operations, Analysis, and Research Center
https://www.dns-oarc.net/*8 DITL: Day In The Life of the Internet
https://www.dns-oarc.net/oarc/data/ditl
18 Registry Report・Activities in Japan（1）Participation in the JApan Network Operators Group
JANOG*1 is the organization established to promote thesmooth operation of networks through discussions andinformation-sharing among network operators to contribute toInternet users and engineers. The members discuss various
issues on the mailing list and gather at JANOG Meetings held
twice a year. JANOG also convenes its Interim Meeting asnecessary between the regular JANOG meetings.
In 2013, the JANOG Meetings were held in January and July,and the Interim Meeting was held in April. JPRS supported
JANOG31 Meetingthese JANOG Meetings as one of the sponsors. Also, theengineers of JPRS participated in the discussion on the mailing list as well as in the meetings andgave presentations in the sessions.
In the JANOG31 Meeting held in January, Kazunori Fujiwara of JPRS made a presentation
entitled Email Address Internationalization and talked mainly about the changes that had takenplace since the previous report delivered in the JANOG25 Meeting.
In the JANOG32 Meeting held in July, a panel discussion session entitled Skills Necessary forEngineers to Survive as a Cloud Service User and Provider was held, and Yasuhiro Morishita of
JPRS presented An Enjoyable Way of Working with Younger Colleagues and took part in thediscussion as a panelist.

（2）Participation in DNS Operators Group, JapanDNS Operators Group, Japan (DNSOPS.JP*2) was established in 2006 with the intention ofcontributing to the stable operation of the Internet through the administration of DNS. Yasuhiro
Morishita of JPRS participated in the establishment as one of the founding members. DNSOPS.JP
serves as a forum where DNS operators can exchange and share information and discuss related
issues.
DNSOPS.JP holds a BoF (Birds of a Feather) forum for technical presentations and discussions
twice a year. Also, in 2012, it started a new initiative to hold an annual DNS Summer Days, a
two-day event consisting of tutorials and workshops relating to DNS.
In the tutorial within DNS Summer Days 2013 held for two days from July 18, Takafumi Mizunoof JPRS gave a presentation entitled An Introduction to DNS Operations for Beginners andtalked about possible troubles in DNS operations and the keys to eﬀective troubleshooting.
Yasuhiro Morishita of JPRS also described how cache DNS servers operate and provided related
technical information in his presentation entitled What Textbooks Don t Tell You about DNS.

*1 JANOG: JApan Network Operators' Group
http://www.janog.gr.jp/*2 DNSOPS.JP : DNS Operators' Group, Japan
http://dnsops.jp/
Registry Report19 Registry Activities（3）Participation in ICANN Debriefing Sessions
Since 2001, JPRS has been reporting the latest ccTLD trends to the Japanese Internet
community at ICANN Debrieﬁng Sessions held jointly by JPNIC*3 and IAjapan*4. The sessions
were held in May and August 2013 and January 2014, where JPRS reported the latest
developments and issues of the following organizations and discussed the key agenda matters of
ICANN with the other participants.
・ ccNSO (Country-Code Names Supporting Organization)
・ RySG (Registries Stakeholder Group)
・ NTAG (New TLD Applicant Group)
・ SSAC (Security and Stability Advisory Committee)
・ RSSAC (DNS Root Server System Advisory Committee)（4）Participation in IETF Reporting Session
ISOC-JP*5 was established in August 1994 and made various eﬀorts to promote the Internet in
Japan as the Japan Chapter of ISOC*6. There was a time when ISOC-JP was temporarily inactive.
However, ISOC-JP resumed its activity thanks to volunteers who realized its importance, and in2012 it was approved as the Japan Chapter again.
In 2013, ISOC-JP and JPNIC jointly organized three IETF Reporting Sessions, and JPRS reported
on the status of discussions in IETF in these sessions.
In the reporting session in April, Yasuhiro Morishita of JPRS made a presentation entitled Update
on Compiling the History of the Internet and introduced the activities related to the Networking
History BoF within IETF as well as the eﬀorts of the JPNIC History Compilation Committee.
Yoshiro Yoneya of JPRS also outlined the initiatives in IETF related to internationalization and theactivities of the Applications Area Review Team*7 in his presentation entitled Introduction to
Internationalization Eﬀorts/Applications Area Review Team.
In the sessions in September and December, Kazunori Fujiwara of JPRS gave a presentation
entitled Topics Related to DNS and reported on the activities of the working groups relating to
DNS.

*3 JPNIC: Japan Network Information Center
https://www.nic.ad.jp/*4 IAjapan : Internet Association Japan
https://www.iajapan.org/*5 ISOC-JP : The Internet Society Japan Chapter
http://www.isoc.jp/*6 ISOC: Internet Society
http://www.internetsociety.org/*7 Applications Area Review Team : A team of experts in application protocols within IETF that reviews the documents that are expected to become RFCs in the near future.
20 Registry Report・Overview of this Term s Activities andChallenges for the Future

JPRS has constantly worked to strike a proper balance among reliability, stability, usability, andfee performance, which constitute the basis of JP domain name registry services, while also
improving each of the four values.
To respond to expanding needs and enhance the usability of the JP Domain Name, JPRS has
considered measures to make Geographic Type JP Domain Name more user-friendly. As a result,it introduced Prefecture Type JP Domain Name, a new domain name space in 2012. In March
2013, the number of registered Prefecture Type JP domain names reached 10,000. This numberof registrations largely exceeded that of the Geographic Type JP Domain Name.
Utilizing its expertise as the JP Domain Name registry, JPRS conducted activities to disseminate
information and promote understanding of domain names and DNS. At the international level, it
continued its participation in the policy development for the introduction of IDN ccTLDs. JPRS
also contributed to technical standardization eﬀorts by submitting proposals on theinternationalization of email addresses, and these proposals were later issued as RFC.
Recognizing the growing importance of Internet-related education in schools, JPRS has
distributed a free booklet on how the Internet works to educational institutions across Japan for
four years in a row as part of its Internet-related educational support activities. As a result, thenumber of copies distributed in these 4 years amounted to over 100,000. JPRS also provided free
JP domain names to junior and senior high school students and cooperated with the career
education of a senior high school that visited various companies.
The Great East Japan Earthquake that occurred in 2011 has added further weight to need for the
reliability and stability of the Internet infrastructure. Against this backdrop, JPRS set up an
operation base in the Kansai region and constructed a new system site to fully duplicate its
registry system, with the objective of ensuring faster restoration of all services after a disaster.
For the future, JPRS plans to further reinforce and implement the disaster-torelant service
structure. Another challenges is to readjust the balance between publication of the JP domainname registration data through Whois and the protection of personal information. This issue isunder discussion in the JP Domain Name Advisory Committee.
As the registry of JP domain names, JPRS will continue its eﬀorts to provide better and stable
services.

Registry Report21 Statistical Information

Change in the Cumulative Number ofRegistered JP Domain Names

・As of January 1, 2014, the cumulative number of registered JP domain names reached 1,356,102,
an increase of 37,387 in one year.
1500000(Number of names)
Organizational/Geographic Type

1350000

General-use

1200000

Prefecture Type

1050000
9000007500006000004500003000001500001993/01 1994/01 1995/01 1996/01 1997/01 1998/01 1999/01 2000/01 2001/01 2002/01 2003/01 2004/01 2005/01 2006/01 2007/01 2008-01 2009/01 2010/01 2011/01 2012/01 2013/01 2014/01(Number of names)

Year/Month

Organizational/
Geographic Type

General-use(Japanese domain name)

Prefecture Type
(Japanese domain name)

Total

1993/01

953

953

1994/01

1,341

1,341

1995/01

2,206

2,206

1996/01

4,781

4,781

1997/01

15,477

15,477

1998/01

33,73933,7391999/01

58,54958,5492000/01

124,573

124,573

2001/01

234,294234,294

2002/01

283,340

183,499（ 61,507）

466,839

2003/01

297,413205,493（ 51,544）

502,906

2004/01

309,193245,100（ 45,402）

554,2932005/01

327,742

317,455（ 63,324）

645,197

2006/01

346,340

439,784（116,602）

786,124

2007/01

363,768

518,557（124,153）

882,325

2008/01

378,903609,983（141,858）

988,886

2009/01

389,598

674,133（134,921）

1,063,731

2010/01

399,339

740,820（133,754）

1,140,159

2011/01

406,856

791,249（123,711）

1,198,105

2012/01

413,332

845,054（119,337）

1,258,386

2013/01

421,606

888,657（122,394）

8,452（1,915）

1,318,715

2014/01

428,467

915,854（126,182）

11,781（2,948）

1,356,102＊Please refer to

22 Registry Report

Domain Name Statistics (http://jprs.co.jp/en/stat/) for the latest information.

・Breakdown of the Cumulative Number ofRegistered JP Domain Names*As of January 1, 2014
Prefecture Type

0.9%

Organizational/
Geographic
Type

ED：1.1%
GO：0.1%
GR：1.7%
LG：0.4%
NE：3.6%
OR：7.0%

CO：84.6%

31.6%
General-use

Geographic Type：0.6%
AC：0.8%67.5%

AD：0.1%(Number of names)

JP Domain Name Types
AC: Higher education institution
AD: JPNIC Member
CO: Company
ED: Primary school, junior and senior high school

Organizational/
Geographic Type

1 Jan 2014
Number ofRegistrations

1 Jan 2013
Number ofRegistrations

Difference

3,536

3,537

ー1

261

268

ー7

362,364

355,942+ 6,422

4,832

4,777

+ 55

621

656

ー 35

GR: Group

7,072

7,281

ー 209

LG: Japanese local authority

1,840

1,836

+4

GO: Japanese government

NE: Network service

15,345

15,820ー 475

OR: Corporation other than company

30,11628,948+ 1,168

2,480

2,541

ー 61

Geographic Type

General-use(Japanese domain name)915,854（126,182）

888,657（122,394）+ 27,197（+ 3,788）

Prefecture Type
(Japanese domain name)11,781（2,948）

8,452（1,915）+ 3,329（+ 1,033）

Total JP Domain Name Registration

1,356,102

1,318,715+ 37,387*Please refer to Domain Name Statistics (http://jprs.co.jp/en/stat/) for the latest information.

Registry Report23 Statistical Information

・

Number of JP Domain Name Registrations
by Prefecture
As of January 1, 2014＊

Prefecture

Organizational/ Geographic Type

General-use

Prefecture Type

Hokkaido

2.8%

2.0%

1.7%

Aomori

0.5%

0.3%

0.3%

Iwate

0.4%

0.3%

0.2%

Miyagi

1.3%

0.8%

0.6%

Akita

0.4%

0.2%

0.2%

Yamagata

0.6%

0.3%

0.4%

Fukushima

0.8%

0.5%

0.3%

Ibaraki

1.4%

1.0%

0.5%

Tochigi

1.0%

0.5%

0.5%

Gunma

1.1%

0.7%

1.2%

Saitama

4.2%

2.9%

3.0%

Chiba

3.1%

2.5%

3.1%

Tokyo

32.7%

44.0%

41.8%

Kanagawa

6.7%

5.2%

4.4%

Niigata

1.2%

0.7%

0.9%

Toyama

0.7%

0.4%

0.4%

Ishikawa

0.7%

0.5%

0.3%

Fukui

0.5%

0.4%

0.2%

Yamanashi

0.5%

0.3%

0.2%

Nagano

1.4%

0.9%

0.8%

Gifu

1.2%

0.7%

1.1%

Shizuoka

2.3%

1.5%

0.9%

Aichi

5.5%

3.6%

2.6%

Mie

0.8%

0.5%

0.6%

Shiga

0.6%

0.5%

0.9%

Kyoto

2.0%

2.8%

7.3%

Osaka

9.5%

13.0%

8.6%

Hyogo

3.1%

2.4%

1.7%

Nara

0.6%

0.5%

1.0%

Wakayama

0.4%

0.3%

0.2%

Tottori

0.2%

0.2%

0.1%

Shimane

0.3%

0.2%

0.1%

Okayama

1.1%

0.8%

3.2%

Hiroshima

1.6%

1.0%

1.9%

Yamaguchi

0.5%

0.4%

0.3%

Tokushima

0.3%

0.3%

0.1%

Kagawa

0.5%

0.4%

0.4%

Ehime

0.6%

0.5%

0.3%

Kochi

0.3%

0.2%

0.1%

Fukuoka

3.0%

2.7%

4.1%

Saga

0.3%

0.2%

0.2%

Nagasaki

0.5%

0.4%

0.2%

Kumamoto

0.7%

0.6%

0.6%

Oita

0.4%

0.3%

0.4%

Miyazaki

0.4%

0.4%

0.3%

Kagoshima

0.5%

0.4%

0.4%

Okinawa

0.6%

0.6%

1.3%

24 Registry Report・Transition of DNS Conﬁguration Rate
*As of January 1, 2014

100

(%)

90

80

70
Organizational/Geographic Type60

General-use
Prefecture Type50
2012/01

2013/01

2014/01

Year/Month

Organizational/Geographic Type

General-use

Prefecture Type2012/01

98.9%

93.9%

2013/01

99.0%

95.3%

71.0%

2014/01

99.0%

95.6%

86.9%

Registry Report25 Statistical Information

・

Number of Accredited JP Registrars

Organizational/Geographic Type600

General-use

Prefecture Type

(Number of Registrars)

500
400
300
200
100
0

2001/04 2002/01 2003/01 2004/01 2005/01 2006/01 2007/01 2008/01 2009/01 2010/01 2011/01 2012/01 2013/01 2014/01(Number of Registrars)

Year/Month

Organizational/
Geographic Type

General-use

Prefecture Type443

2001/04

Total
443

490

490

2003/01

560

546

1,106

2004/01

557

559

1,116

2005/01

553

564

1,117

2006/01

562

576

1,138

2007/01

559

572

1,131

2008/01

557

573

1,130

2009/01

558

577

1,135

2010/01

555

577

1,132

2011/01

563

582

1,145

2012/01

571

590

2002/01

1,161

2013/01

566

586

197

2014/01

564

582

227

1,349
1,373

＊The number of JP Registrars for the Organizational/Geographic Type JP domain names is the figure after April 2002 when management andadministration was transferred from JPNIC to JPRS.

26 Registry Report

・

16

Number of Complaints Based on JP Domain Name
Dispute Resolution Policy (JP-DRP)(Number of cases)

14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

(Number of cases)

Year

Number

2000

2

2001

11

2002

6

2003

7

2004

4

2005

11

2006

8

2007

10

2008

3

2009

9

2010

7

2011

12

2012

15

2013

10

＊For details of domain name disputes, please refer to theDomain Name Dispute Resolution Policy(DRP) posted by Japan Network Information Center (https://www.nic.ad.jp/ja/drp/)

Registry Report27 Reference

・History

2000

Dec.

JPRS was established.

2001

Feb.
Apr.
May

General-use JP Domain Priority Registration Application started.
General-use JP Domain Concurrent Registration Application started.
General-use JP Domain First-Come First-Served Registration Application started.

2002

Feb.
Apr.
Oct.

ccTLD Sponsorship Agreement was concluded with ICANN.
Management and administration of .JP TLD was transferred from JPNIC to JPRS.
LG.JP was established.
JPRS started distributing a plug-in for Microsoft Internet Explorer®, i-Nav™.

2003

Jan.
Jun.
Jul.
Dec.

The cumulative number of JP domain names exceeded 500,000.
JPRS received the approval from ICANN to start IDN service.
RFC-based Japanese JP Domain Name registration service started.
Japanese JP Access Site (http://jajp.jp/) for mobile phones was established.

2004

Feb.

IP Anycast technology was introduced in JP DNS service ([a.dns.jp] [d.dns.jp]).
Nihongo JP Navi service was started.
JP domain name started full support for IPv6, for the ﬁrst time in the world as a TLD.
The portal site Nihongo dot JP (http://日本語.jp/) for promoting Japanese JP Domain Name waslaunched.

Jul.
Dec.
2005

Jan.
Jun.
Dec.

2006

Jan.
Apr.
Sep.

Nov.
Dec.
2007

Jan.
Mar.

The portal site Jinmei Jiten dot JP (http://人名事典.jp/) to introduce Japanese JP domain names
using personal names was launched.
Work on eliminating risks due to improper management of DNS servers was started.
Eki Machi Guide (http://駅街ガイド.jp/), which provides information on areas around stations
using Japanese JP domain names consisting of station names throughout Japan, started.
JPRS started operation of the M-Root DNS server in cooperation with the WIDE Project.
JPRS started deleting improper DNS server registrations.
JPRS shortened the processing time for JP DNS update.
JPRS changed the number of GO.JP domain names which each government organization canregister.
Japanese JP domain names (for public administration, judiciary and legislative process) reserved
for the government were released for relevant government organizations.
The cumulative number of registered General-use JP domain names exceeded 500,000.
JPRS published guidelines for making URLs consisting of Japanese domain names clickable inemail text.

Dec.

The cumulative number of registered CO.JP domain names exceeded 300,000.
Procedure for recovering deleted domain name registration was introduced for General-use JP
Domain Name.
IP Anycast technology was introduced to the JP DNS service ([e.dns.jp]).

2008

Mar.
Jun.
Oct.

The cumulative number of registered JP domain names exceeded one million.
JPRS started the real-time application process service for CO.JP Domain Name.
The JP DNS server conﬁguration was changed (c.dns.jp and g.dns.jp added).

2009

Apr.
Nov.

JPRS announced its participation in the BIND 10 development project.
JPRS extended the coverage of the real-time application process service.

2010

May

JPRS distributed a cartoon booklet How the Internet Works free of charge to junior andsenior high schools across Japan.

2011

Jan.
Feb.
Sep.

JPRS deployed DNSSEC to the JP domain name service.
The cumulative number of registered JP domain names exceeded 1.2 million.
JPRS published DNS Practices , a book on DNS, written by JPRS engineers.
JPRS decided to establish Prefecture Type JP Domain Name .

2012

Jul.
Aug.
Sep.
Nov.

Priority Registration Application of the Prefecture Type JP Domain Name started.
The cumulative number of registered JP domain names exceeded 1.3 million.
Concurrent Registration Application of the Prefecture Type JP Domain Name started.
General Registration Application of the Prefecture Type JP Domain Name started.

2013

Mar.
Nov.

The cumulative number of registered Prefecture Type JP domain names exceeded 10,000.
The TTL value of the DS RR for JP DNS servers was changed.

28 Registry Report・JP Domain Name Advisory Committee

The JP Domain Name Advisory Committee was established in 2002 in order to maintain fairness andneutrality of the .JP registry operations. The committee members from outside of JPRS with various
viewpoints consider policies for JP domain name services.

（1）
Consultations and Advisories
Consultation / Advisory

Consultation Date
Document No.

Advisory Date
Document No.

Registration data collected by the registry anddisplay of registrant names via WHOIS

Sep. 10, 2012
JPRS-ADV-2012001

Mar. 21, 2013
JPRS-ADVRPT-2012001

Method for appointing the members of the 7th JP
Domain Name Advisory Committee

Dec. 13, 2012
JPRS-ADV-2012002

Jan. 8, 2013
JPRS-ADVRPT-2012002＊For details about consultation and advisory themes, please refer to

JP Domain Name Advisory Committee (http://jprs.jp/advisory/) (in Japanese).

Registry Report29 Reference（2）Advisory Committee Meetings
Mar. 144th JP Domain Name Advisory Committee meeting

A basic agreement was reached on the draft advisory report developed according to
the discussion at the 43rd meeting on the inquiry Registration data collected by theregistry and display of registrant names via WHOIS. The discussion was continued
on the mailing list after the meeting, and the advisory report was ﬁnalized andsubmitted to JPRS on March 21.
After conﬁrming the advisory report Method for appointing the members of the 7th
JP Domain Name Advisory Committee (JPRS-ADVRPT-2012002), the committee
recommended to JPRS the speciﬁc candidates as the successor members.
JPRS reported to the committee that the total number of registered Prefecture TypeJP domain names, which had been introduced in November 2012, exceeded 10,000
as of March 1, 2013.
May 3045th JP Domain Name Advisory Committee meeting

It was reported that all the candidates who had been recommended in the 44th
Committee meeting accepted their appointment. Then Mr. Shigeki Goto was elected
and appointed the Chair, and Mr. Tsuneo Matsumoto the Vice Chair of the 7th JP
Domain Name Advisory Committee.
JPRS explained its response to the report Method for appointing the members of the
7th JP Domain Name Advisory Committee (JPRS-ADVRPT-2012002).
JPRS explained its response to the report Registration data collected by the registry
and display of registrant names via WHOIS (JPRS-ADVRPT-2012001).
JPRS summarized the state of JP Domain Names and spoke on other topics related
to the handling of domain name lists and zone information managed by registries aswell as the trademark rights protection mechanism for new gTLDs (TMCH). Following
that, the committee members exchanged opinions on issues such as the advantages
and disadvantages of publicizing the zone information and asked questions about the
TMCH.

Sep. 1046th JP Domain Name Advisory Committee meeting

The resignation of Mr. Tsuneo Matsumoto from the 7th JP Domain Name Advisory
Committee was reported.
Accordingly, Mr. Kazushi Hayashi was appointed as the successor Vice Chair andassumed oﬃce.
JPRS described the latest issues related to domain names such as domain nameaftermarkets including the secondary market, phishing and improper settings of DNS
servers. The committee members exchanged opinions on the contents of thepresentation.

Dec. 2547th JP Domain Name Advisory Committee meeting

It was reported that Mr. Hironao Kaneko replaced Mr. Tsuneo Matsumoto who had
resigned from the 7th Advisory Committee.
In its presentation on the latest trends in the domain name industry, JPRS outlined
the attacks against registries and registrars and the developments in the Domain
Name Policy Subcommittee under the Information and Communications Council in
the Ministry of Internal Aﬀairs and Communications. The committee members
discussed the contents of the presentation which included JPRS s response to theattacks and talked about the need for cooperation among businesses.
JPRS reported on the progress of its considerations on the relaxation of
one-domain-name-per-organization limitation on Organizational/Geographic Type JP
Domain Names, and the committee members provided their comments on that report.

30 Registry Report・Proposals and Presentations*Original materials are written in English, unless otherwise specified.

Date

Title

Jan. 24E-mail Address Internationalization(Changes Since JANOG25) (in Japanese)

JANOG31 Meeting

JANOG

Feb. 21

new gTLD's and ccTLD Registries

APTLD

APTLD

Feb. 22

Mission and Objectives WG

APTLD

APTLD

Mar. 7

Around the ccTLDs world‒ The journey continues ‒ (in Japanese)

IGF Baku Reporting Session GLOCOM

Apr. 8Generation of Character set and Variants‒ Japanese Scripts ‒ICANN APRALOAPRALO*1
Multistakeholder Policy Roundtable

Apr. 10

Community Activities in JapanICANN DNSSEC Workshop

Apr. 11

Registry Data Escrow Experience in .jp ccTLD

Apr. 18

Update on Compiling the History of theInternet (in Japanese)

Apr. 18

Introduction to Internationalization
Efforts/Applications Area Review Team (in Japanese)

May 12

An increase of DS queries to JP DNS servers
and a proposal for its countermeasures

May 23

Latest Developments in the Registry
Stakeholder Group and New TLD Applicant
Group (NTAG) in ICANN GNSO/ the New
gTLD Program (in Japanese)

36th ICANN Debriefing
SessionJPNIC/IAjapan

May 23

Report on ccNSO-related Issues (in Japanese)

36th ICANN Debriefing
SessionJPNIC/IAjapan

Jun. 3.JP Topics

CENTR Admin Workshop

CENTR

Jun. 3

Products for the registry databases andpreparation for the disaster recovery

CENTR Tech Workshop

CENTR

Jun. 4.JP Topics

CENTR Marketing
Workshop

CENTR

Jun. 4Marketing of newly introduced Prefecture

CENTR Marketing

CENTR

Jun. 12-14

Open DNS Resolvers: Issues and Solutions‒ You May Also Be An Unknowing Accomplice ‒ (in Japanese)

Interop Tokyo 2013

Jun. 12-14

Basics of Domain Names and DNS (in Japanese)

Interop Tokyo 2013

Jun. 18

Report on DNS-OARC / RIPE 66 DNS WG +Introduction to IPv6 Pollution Traffic Analysis (in Japanese)

24th JPNIC Open
Policy Meeting

Interop Tokyo 2013*3
Steering Committee
Interop Tokyo 2013
Steering Committee
JPNIC/Japan Open
Policy Forum

Jun. 28

Status of Domain Name Registryʼs Countermeasuresagainst Illegal and Harmful Information (in Japanese)

Okinawa ICT Forum 2013

JAIPA*4

Jul. 4

An Enjoyable Way of Working with Younger
Colleagues (in Japanese)

JANOG32 Meeting

JANOG

Jul. 17CJK Generation Panel‒ JET Reload Proposal ‒ICANN Meeting

ICANN

Jul. 17

Key Management in JP

DNSSEC Workshop

ICANN

Jul. 19

An Introduction to DNS Operations for Beginners‒ Troubles and Keys to Effective Troubleshooting ‒ (in Japanese)

DNS Summer Days 2013

DNSOPS.JPDNS Summer Days 2013

DNSOPS.JPIEPG Meeting

IEPG*5

Jul. 19
Jul. 28

What Textbooks Donʼt Tell You about DNS(in Japanese)
Increase of probable DNSSEC
Validations and DNSSEC side effectAt

CNNIC Workshop on Strategic Cooperation for
Developing Countries in Asia, ICANN 46
IETF Reporting Session(86th, Orlando)
IETF Reporting Session(86th, Orlando)
DNS-OARC Spring 2013
Workshop

Hosted by

ICANN
CNNIC*2
ISOC-JP/JPNIC
ISOC-JP/JPNIC
DNS-OARC

Registry Report31 Reference

Date

Title

Aug. 1

draft-fujiwara-dnsop-ds-query-increase-01:
Side effect of DNSSEC: an increase of DS queries

IETF87 dnsop WG

IETF

Aug. 1

Outline of and Countermeasures against DNS
Reflector Attacks Using Open Resolvers‒ You May Also Be An Unknowing Accomplice ‒(in Japanese)

22nd Workshop of The Special
Interest Group on Internet andOperation Technology(IOT) (invited lecture)

Information Processing
Society of Japan *6

Aug. 20

Latest Developments in the Registry
Stakeholder Group (RySG) and New TLD
Applicant Group (NTAG) in ICANN GNSO/
the New gTLD Program (in Japanese)

37th ICANN Debriefing
SessionJPNIC/IAjapan

Aug. 20

Latest Developments in ICANN Security
and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC) /DNS Root Server System Advisory
Committee (RSSAC) (in Japanese)

37th ICANN Debriefing
SessionJPNIC/IAjapan

Aug. 22

ccNSO Update

APTLD

APTLD

Aug. 22

Hiding Registrant Name in Whois

APTLD

APTLD

Aug. 23

Interim report of APTLD Mission and Objective
Working Group ‒ Phase1: factual analysis ‒

APTLD

APTLD

Sep. 5Governance Framework of .JP ccTLD Registry

APrIGF

APrIGF

Sep. 5

Report on IETF 87 ‒ Topics Related to DNS ‒(in Japanese)

IETF Reporting Session(87th, Berlin)

ISOC-JP/JPNIC

Sep. 6

Acceptance of IDNs in Japan

APrIGF

APrIGF

Sep. 6APTLD activities re. IDN ccTLDs

APrIGF

APrIGF

Sep. 18

Abuse Management Protocols andPractices ‒ .JP Registry ‒eCrime Research
Summit 2013

APWG*7

Oct. 6

An analysis of DITL root data andcomparison with JP data

DNS-OARC Fall 2013
Phoenix Workshop

DNS-OARC

Oct. 16

Tutorial: Basic Components of DNS andPoints to Note When Implementing IPv6 (in Japanese)

IPv6 Summit in KYOTO
2013

IAjapan/Cyber Kansai Project*8/ Academic
Center for Computing and Media Studies,
Kyoto University*9/ The Consortium for
Information Society in Kyoto*10

Oct. 21

Local Content Development‒ ccTLD as a leverage ‒IGF2013 Pre Event

PANDI*11

Oct. 21APTLD activities re. IDN ccTLDs

IGF2013 Pre Event

PANDI

Nov. 5

Side Effect of DNSSEC ‒ An Increase of DS Queries ‒IETF dnsop WG

IETF

Nov. 7.JP Topics

CENTR Admin Workshop

CENTR

Nov. 7

Hiding Registrant Name in Whois output

CENTR Admin Workshop

CENTR

Nov. 7Nation-wide discussion on the reliability
and transparency of registry management

CENTR Admin Workshop

CENTR

Nov. 20

DS TTL shortening experience in .JP

ICANN DNSSEC Workshop

ICANN

ccNSO members meeting

ICANN

BoF for the Members of“Different History Projects”

JPNIC

JPRS/ICANN Joint Seminar

JPRS/ICANNInternet Week 2013
Lunch Seminar

JPNIC

Nov. 20
Nov. 26
Nov. 27
Nov. 28

32 Registry Report

Recent Developments of Governmental
Movements in JapanA History of Networking(Networking History BoF@IETF) (in Japanese)
Latest Developments of Domain Names
in Japan and the World (in Japanese)Letʼs Think of the Size of DNS Messages‒ Lunch with DNS ‒ (in Japanese)At

Hosted byDateNov. 28
Nov. 28
Nov. 28
Nov. 28

Title
JP DNS Update (in Japanese)
Evaluation and Measurement of DNS‒ Introduction of RRL to JP DNS ‒ (in Japanese)
Topics Including Comparison of the Number of Query Source IP
Addresses between the Root and JP DNS (in Japanese)
An Increase of DS Queries Observed in JP
DNS (in Japanese)

Nov. 28

Management and Administration of Domain Names, Global
Cooperation of DNS and Efforts Undertaken by JPRS (in Japanese)

Nov. 29

Summary of Internet Week 2013 DNS DAY(in Japanese)

Dec. 4

DS TTL shortening experience in .JP

Dec. 20

Report on IETF 88 ‒ Topics Related to DNS ‒(in Japanese)At

Hosted byInternet Week 2013
DNS DAY
Internet Week 2013
DNS DAYJPNIC

DNSOPS.JP BoF

DNSOPS.JPDNSOPS.JP BoF

DNSOPS.JP

Domain Name Policy
Subcommittee
Internet Week 2013
IP Meeting 2013
DNSSEC Workshop@ IPv6 Summit 2013
IETF Reporting Session(88th, Vancouver)Information andCommunications Council*12

JPNIC

JPNIC
TWNIC*13
ISOC-JP/JPNIC*1APRALO: Asian, Australasian and Paciﬁc Islands Regional At-Large Organization
https://community.icann.org/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=2266081*2 CNNIC: China Internet Network Information Center
http://www.cnnic.cn/*3 Interop Tokyo 2013
http://www.interop.jp/2013/*4 JAIPA: Japan Internet Providers Association
http://www.jaipa.or.jp/*5 IEPG: Internet Engineering and Planning Group
http://www.iepg.org/*6 Information Processing Society of Japan
https://www.ipsj.or.jp/*7 APWG: Anti-Phishing Working Group
http://www.antiphishing.org/*8 Cyber Kansai Project
http://www.ckp.jp/*9 Academic Center for Computing and Media Studies, Kyoto University
http://www.media.kyoto-u.ac.jp/*10 The Consortium for Information Society in Kyoto
http://www.it-kyoto.jp/*11 PANDI : Pengelola Nama Domain Internet Indonesia
https://www.pandi.or.id/*12 Information and Communications Council
http://www.soumu.go.jp/main̲sosiki/joho̲tsusin/policyreports/joho̲tsusin/*13 TWNIC: Taiwan Network Information Center
http://www.twnic.net.tw/
Registry Report33 Reference

・Press Releases*Original materials are written in Japanese.

Date

Title

Feb. 20

JPRS Agrees on Further Cooperation with ICANN Activities during Visit by ICANN President‒ ICANN affirms value of JPRS partnership in activities in Asia and Japan ‒Feb. 25

JPRS Supports the “15th ThinkQuest JAPAN,” a Web Contest for Junior and Senior High SchoolStudents, and Presents the “Best Domain Naming Award (JPRS Special Award)”‒ Supporting the Internet education of young people by allowing them to try using JP domain names ‒Feb. 26

Hirofumi Hotta of JPRS Appointed to APTLD Board of Directors

Mar. 4

Total Number of Registered Prefecture Type JP Domain Names Tops 10,000‒ Tokyo Ranks Top, Osaka Second and Kyoto Third by Number of Registrations ‒Mar. 26“JP Domain Name Registry Report 2012” published today‒ JPRS establishes the Prefecture Type JP Domain Name to improve “usability” ‒Apr. 10JPRS Provides a Japanese JP Domain Name to “UenoPandaLive.jp”‒ http://うえのパンダライブ.jp becomes accessible today ‒May 15JPRS Distributes Free Cartoon Booklet on “How the Internet Works” to Educational
Institutions in Japan Again This Year
‒ Booklet redesigned with latest trends and improved readability ‒Jul. 2

JPRSʼs Distribution of Free Educational Materials to Educational Institutions in Japan
Totals 100,000 Copies‒ Given out to about 550 institutions in 4 years ‒Aug. 19

Application for New gTLD “.jprs” Passes Initial Evaluation*Please refer to Press Release (http://jprs.co.jp/en/press/) for the latest releases in English.

34 Registry Report・Provision of Technical Information Related to DNS*Original materials are written in Japanese.

Date

Title

Jan. 7

Configuration Changes with the Change of IP Address at d.root-servers.net (D-Root)

Jan. 25

Service Outage of Named Caused by Implementation Bugs of BIND 9.8.x/9.9.x withDNS64/RPZ Enabled (Published on January 25, 2013)

Mar. 27(Urgent) Critical Vulnerability of BIND 9.x (Excessive Memory Consumption) (Published on
March 27, 2013)‒ Immediate action is strongly recommended for both caching and authoritative servers ‒Apr. 18

Configuration Guide: How to Deactivate Open Resolvers [for BIND]

Apr. 18

Technical Description: “DNS Reflector Attacks”

Jun. 5(Urgent) Vulnerability of BIND 9.x (DNS Service Outage) (Published on June 5, 2013)

Jul. 27(Urgent) Vulnerability of BIND 9.x (DNS Service Outage) (Published on July 27, 2013)‒ Version upgrade is strongly recommended for both caching and authoritative servers ‒Nov. 7

Vulnerability of BIND 9.x (Unexpected Access Permission) (Published on November 7, 2013)‒ Version upgrade is strongly recommended, but only for Windows systems ‒*For the latest information, please refer to the Technical Information Related to DNS (http://jprs.jp/tech/) (in Japanese).

Registry Report35About JPRSJPRS provides domain name services such as domain name management, administrationand distribution, and also performs domain name system (DNS) operations.
In addition, JPRS is engaged in research and development of various Internet technologies.

Domain Name Management and Administration
JPRS manages and administers domain names. In particular, JPRS plays an important role as theregistry of JP Domain Name, or domain names of Japan. You may have seen addresses for websites
and emails such as http://○○○.jp and △△△@○○○.jp . JPRS manages and administers a partof these addresses, namely, strings in the form of ○○○.jp . Domain names are the key to accessing
the Internet. JPRS is constantly improving its services so that JP domain names will continue to assist
the activities of all kinds of Internet users, including companies, organizations, and individuals.

DNS Operation
DNS (Domain Name System) is a system for identifying computers connected to the Internet using
domain names, so it is sometimes referred to as the phone book for the Internet.
If DNS were to fail, people would not be able to access websites or exchange emails using domainnames. To prevent such a catastrophe, JPRS has established a 24/7 system to ensure safe operationof the JP DNS for managing JP domain names.

R&D of Internet Technologies and International Activities
JPRS takes an active part in the research and development of advanced technologies to promptly
respond to changes in the Internet environment and social needs. Speciﬁcally, it conducts
standardization activities and technical veriﬁcation for the smooth deployment of DNSSEC, amechanism for improved DNS security. JPRS is also engaged in other standardization activities
through contributing to internationalization of the identiﬁers used for protocols, working out methodsof resolving issues concerning DNS operations and submitting proposals to standardize registry
technologies. JPRS actively publishes the results of these activities and shares information at IETF
and other meetings to contribute to the network society.

36 Registry ReportTranslated: 30 May 2014
Note: This English translation is provided for informational purposes only.
For accuracy, please refer to the Japanese version.
Copyright © 2014 Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
JPRS, Japan Registry Services and other trademarks, service marks and designs areregistered or unregistered trademarks of Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd. in Japanand other countries. All other trademarks not owned by Japan Registry Services Co.,
Ltd. that appear in this report are the property of their respective owners.

Registry Report37

1HWHU9LNPZ[Y`:LY]PJLZ*V3[K
http://jprs.co.jp/en/