VoIP and ENUM in Japan
October 28, 2003
Hiro Hotta
JPRS
hotta@jprs.co.jp

1Copyright © 2003 Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd.

VoIP

2Copyright © 2003 Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd.

Trends in Communication Market in Japan
Drivers•

Change of Regulation– Privatization of Public Telecom Corporation– Relaxation of Regulation•Evolution of Devices– Small, Wireless, High-functioned (e.g., mobile phones with cameras)•

Popularization of Internet and IP Technology– From Circuit Exchange to Packet Data Exchange
History~Sept.1987

only NTT provided public telephone services

First half of 1990scommunication cost decreased rapidly by competition

Latter half of 1990s share of mobile phones grew rapidly

subscribers of mobile phones overtook PSTN in March 2000
2000~

broadband including IP telephony grew rapidly
individual IP telephone service providers ==> a couple of groups
3Copyright © 2003 Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd.

Patterns of IP Phones
PSTN->IP->PSTN
Gateway<in service><just in service >PSTN->IP

Gateway

Gateway

IPNetworkIP
Network050xxxxxxxx
IP phone

adapter(managed)<in service>

IP->PSTN

IP->IPIP phone

IP phone

Gateway
adapter<in service>

IPNetworkadapter

4

IP phoneIPNetworkadapterCopyright © 2003 Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd.

IP Telephony and Quality Classes
Class A(PSTN quality)

Class B(mobile quality)

Class CGeneral voice
transmission quality
rate (R)>80>70>50

End-to-end delay<100ms<150ms<400ms

≦0.15

≦0.15

≦0.15

(reference Call failure ratevalue) (connection quality)*R value and delay values are considered satisfactory when 95% of thesamples are satisfied- ‘Class C’ is a must
- ISP alliance for IP phone services proposes‘Class B’ for end-to-end communication quality
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Assignment of 050-xxxxxxxx to IP Phones
050-xxxxxxxx are being assigned to IP phones so that PSTN users canmake calls to IP phones.
* prefix 050 is an easily recognized code for IP Phone

IP Phone Numbering Structure

050-CDEF-GHJK
IP phone Assigned toservice provider

Assigned tosubscriber

MPHPT has assigned 9 million 050 phone numbers to service providers•PSTN=>IP phone : in service from fall 2003
•IP phone=>IP phone : in service
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Number of IP Phone Users
end of 2002
2007 (estimated)

2.27 million
22.73 million

Other relevant statistics (as of Q1 2003)
population
number of households

127 million
47 million

PSTN subscribers
mobile subscribers

61 million
75 million

Internet users
broadband users
broadband subscribers

70 million
20 million
7.8 million

source： MPHPT : White Paper “Information and Communications in Japan”, NTT East, NTT West
7Copyright © 2003 Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd.

Communication Charges
Yen<PSTN>

local
domestic long distanceto US
to Korea<IP to IP>

free of charge<IP to PSTN>

domesticto USto Korea

US$

8.5 / 3min80 / 3min
180 / 3min
360 / 3min

0.08 / 3min
0.73 / 3min
1.6 / 3min
3.3 / 3min

8 / 3min24 / 3min
90 / 3min

0.07 / 3min
0.23 / 3min
0.82 / 3 min(other data)
PSTN basic fee
ADSL additional fee
100M Fiber
CATV

2000 / month 18 / month
3500 / month
32 / month< 10000 / month < 91 / month< 10000 / month < 91 / month
8Copyright © 2003 Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd.

Current / Future Issues• Emergency calls– under technical investigation Î emerging• Caller ID notification form IP phones– just in service• Call from PSTN or mobiles to IP phones– just in service• Call among IP phone service providers– Interconnected among providers in the same group• Several groups– Japan ENUM Study Group– ENUM Trial Japan• Call during Power failure

9Copyright © 2003 Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd.

ENUM
- ENUM Study Group & ENUM Trial Japan -10

Copyright © 2003 Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd.

ENUM Study Group• Established– September 2002

• Objectives– Understanding the ENUM technology : desk work
– Studying the implementation and operation of the ENUM–
based system, and related matters– Finding political/regulatory issues related to ENUM-based
implementation and operation– Finding technological issues related to ENUM
– Clarifying pros and cons in ENUM usage• Target of the study– ENUM technology– Related technology such as DNS，URI，DDDS11

Copyright © 2003 Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd.

Tier structure• Tier structure and DNS zone structure– Country dependent– Existing structures of Telecom and Internet-relatedindustry should be considered and a new
combined/compromised structure may be necessaryto utilize ENUM

• Recommendation– Boundary between Tier0 and Tier1 is 1.8.e164.arpa• as +81 is used for subscribers if and only if in Japan– Boundary between Tier1 and Tier2 has someoptions• Examples are shown in next pages

12Copyright © 2003 Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd.

Boundary between Tier1 and Tier2 (model1)
Tier1 has phone numbers in full and no Tier2 is introduced
e164.arpa
Tier0
1.8.e164.arpa

Tier1

This model gives stable coherent
services to all the subscribers.

telephone numbers
NS record

NAPTR record
13

Copyright © 2003 Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd.

Boundary between Tier1 and Tier2 (model2)
Tier1 has phone numbers in full and Tier2 handles aNAPTR record of each number.
e164.arpa
Tier0
1.8.e164.arpa

Tier1
Each subscriber can choose Tier2
provider to get preferred service.

telephone numbers
Tier2
NS record

NAPTR record
14Copyright © 2003 Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd.

Boundary between Tier1 and Tier2 (model3)
Boundary corresponds to the chunks (10,000 numbers)
assigned to Telecom providers.
e164.arpa
Tier0
1.8.e164.arpa
Telephone provider and Tier2 registry canbe the same, in which case themanagement of users may be efficient.

Tier1050xxxx090zzzz

050yyyy

. . .

Tier2

telephone numbers
NS record

NAPTR record
15Copyright © 2003 Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd.

Boundary between Tier1 and Tier2 (model4)
Tier1 is divided into groups corresponding to chunks, each
represents a phone service for example.
e164.arpa
Tier0
1.8.e164.arpa
for example, 050 for IP phones and 090
for mobile phones

050

Tier1

050xxxx

090

090zzzz

050yyyy

. . .

Tier2

telephone numbers
NS record

NAPTR record
16Copyright © 2003 Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd.

ENUM Trial Japan (ETJP)• Established– on 17 September 2003 (1 year activity)• Purpose– Perform ENUM trials to ensure functioning and feasibility of basic
technical facility– Demonstration of technology for international use– Accumulation of know-how on ENUM and sharing of it among
participants• Activities– DNS operation for ENUM Trial– Feasibility test of communication applications (device, software)using ENUM
– Feasibility test of communication services• Results– Results of technical verification• Communication devices and software provided by participants• Communication services– Clarification and consideration of relevant issues17Copyright © 2003 Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd.

ETJP organization• Participants– Companies, organizations, and individuals who hope tocontribute to ETJP activities– Number of members: 39 (as of October 27, 2003)• Officers– Chairman• Shigeki Goto
Japan Network Information Center (JPNIC)/Waseda University– Vice chairman• Hirofumi Hotta
Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd.(JPRS)• Yoshiki Ishida
WIDE Project18

Copyright © 2003 Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd.

ENUM trial (phase1)
tionENUM
DNS* experiment on connectivity
among applications
2.

Iof niti
ph al ron ege# ist
Serare rv
tio
g i ic enst r
atio nENUM
registrar

trasige redaily)
civ
Ser bulk (insRepolo oens1.

thwiupk-ica
unmm
coInternetInternet

Trialsecretariat

ntioethmod

adapter

tratione regisServication
registr
Initial ne#of pho

3. communication

End user

Trial team member
19NPST
S IPile-ma ・・・
Copyright © 2003 Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd.

ENUM
registrar

tionartegis y)reailvic
Ser ulk (din bENUM
DNS* experiment oncommunication services

2.

authentication

sRe

1.

ens

ation
gistr

odofoperator

Tel#Service
registration
application

adapter

nstratio

Servethmi ce rentio

reg iInitial #phone

icaunmm
coInternetInternet

thwiupk-Trialsecretariat

polo oIof niti
ph al ron eg
e# istrationENUM trial (phase2)

ation
3. communicEnd useroperator

20

N
PST
S IP
ile-ma ・・・
Copyright © 2003 Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd.

ENUM trial (phase3)
u lkbniENUMion y)tar datsi
reg mes aDNSeciitvlrSe evera(soperator CENUM
registrar•Experiment on connection
among communication services
with user ENUM
2.

authenticationsRe

1.

poethmtration

ntioe r e gi sodadaptor
End usericaunmmco

ServicTel#thwiupk-e
nslo oInitial r
and au egistration ofthentication codphone#e

Operator
officeInternetInternetation
3. communicoperator B

operator A
21

End userNPST
S IP
ile-ma ・・・
Copyright © 2003 Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd.

Proposal of a survey

22Copyright © 2003 Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd.

What survey?
“Numbering Plan” very much affects the “ENUM Tier model”(= DNS zone delegation structure)
proposal• In considering appropriate numbering rules for IPTelephony and ENUM
– Information sharing about the numbering plans for IP
phones in each country/economy is useful to decide• Telephone Numbering Plan appropriate for ENUM-based services• Appropriate ENUM Tier structure• How to conduct survey– Send out Questionnaires to cctld-discuss list
– Responds are collected and put into a report– Send the report back to responders
23Copyright © 2003 Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd.

Questionnaire under consideration (1)1. How is the framework of the numbering rule in your country/economy?
(1)Title of the regulation/legislation_____________________________________________________________(2)Reference URL of the regulation/legislation:_____________________________________________________________(3)The regulation/legislation is developed by:_____________________________________________________________(4)The regulation/legislation is administered by:_____________________________________________________________(5)Prefixes:
For Geographic use __________________________________For Cellular phone __________________________________For Toll free phone _________________________________For IP Telephony ____________________________________

24

Copyright © 2003 Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd.

Questionnaire under consideration (2)2. Do you have a number space for IP telephony?
2-1. If not yet defined;__ It is under consideration.
__ We do not plan to define the number dedicated to IP telephony service.
2-2. If you have the exclusive number space for IP telephony service;(1)Is it easily recognized code?
__ Yes__ No(2)Is it for geographic use?
__ Yes__ No
2-3. If the number for IP telephony is defined in the existing numbering rule;(1)Which number space is used? ________________________(2)Is it easily recognized code?
__ Yes__ No(3)Is it for geographic use?
__ Yes__ No
25

Copyright © 2003 Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd.

Questionnaire under consideration (3)3. Do you have a number space for ENUM trial?
3-1. If not yet defined;__ It is under consideration.
__ We do not plan to define the number for ENUM trial.
3-2. If you have the exclusive number space for ENUM trial;(1)Is it easily recognized code?
__ Yes__ No(2)Is it for geographic use?
__ Yes__ No
3-3. If the number space for ENUM trial is defined in the existing
numbering rule;(1)Which number space is used? ________________________(2)Is it easily recognized code?
__ Yes__ No(3)Is it for geographic use?
__ Yes__ No(4)What are the criteria for operators who are allocated such numbers?
________________________________________________________
26

Copyright © 2003 Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd.Questionnaire under consideration (4)4. Do you have a number space for ENUM service?
4-1. If not yet defined,__ It is under consideration.
__ We do not plan to define the number for ENUM service.
4-2. If you have the exclusive number space for ENUM service;(1)Is it easily recognized code?
__ Yes__ No(2)Is it for geographic use?
__ Yes__ No
4-3. If the number space for ENUM service is defined in the existing
numbering rule;(1)Which number space is used? ________________________(2)Is it easily recognized code?
__ Yes__ No(3)Is it for geographic use?
__ Yes__ No(4)What are the criteria for operators who are allocated such numbers?
27Copyright © 2003 Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd.