UNITED

NATlO,NS

Distr.
GENERALs/595010 September 1964

EZFCIRTBY THE SECRETARY-GEmRALON THE UNITED NATIONSOPERATIONIN CYPRUS

64-11-3463

/ ...

n

TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , . .
I.

MILITARY SITUATION
A.

B.

UnitedNations Peace-keeping Force . . , , . . , . . , .
(i)Composition and deployment ..........
.......
(ii)
Function and guiding principles(iii)
Freedom of movement .............
Other Armed Forces in Cyprus ..............

B.

2-19
2 -5
6-12
13-19

25-2'31025-?-p11(ii)

29~.31
32-36

11
12

(iii)
(iv)
(v)

Build-up
Shooting
Incidents

37-4445-53
54-59

13
15
17
19

Government Armed Forces
Turkish Cypriot Fighting...........
Elements......

of military
personnel and equipment.........
and other incidents
in the IQrenia area ........
Incidents
in Nicosia .............
............
The Tylliria
fighting.

20-25
20 -22

59-63
64-27

21

Security Council Resolution
on the Cease-Fire.
.........
Observance of the Cease-Fire..............
as of 8 September

88-E@
30-92
gj -100

25
25
26

REGARDING THE RETURN TO NORMALITY . . . . . . . .

101~19728

on the Movement of the Population. . . . .
of the Public Services . . . . . . . . . .

10~43~

28

106-12229(i)Re-employment of Turkish Cypriot civil
servants. . . . . . . . . . '. . , . . . . .

lo&log(ii)

Lands and surveys

(iii)
(iv)

Paxyment of arrears to Turkish Cypriots . . . .
Payment of social insurance benefits. , . . .

110-112113-116

30
31
7rl
A32

Situation

ACTIVITIES
A.

1

....
Greek and Turkish National Contingents...................
Activities
occupied by Government and Turkish
Positions
Cypriot Forces ...............
Erection and removal of fortifications. . , .

(iii)
Military(i)(viii)
(ii;)

II.

2-100

23-24

(vi)
(vii)

D.

1

8
8
9

(i)
(ii)
C.

.....................

1

Restrictions
Normalization. . . . . . . . . . . . . ,117-122/ ...

s/5950
Fd+iShPage iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)

C?.

D.
E.
F.

properties

34
34

152-155
156.~lG5................

166-171

Welfare of displaced persons.......................
housingand rehabilitation

Improvementof Public facilities....................
(i ) Ktima...................
(ii)
Micosia............

37

172-176
of177",123
134-187
184-a%

47
‘1.9
49

1.87

50

l&%20651

mid-July lp611. .............
............
after mid-July.........
the Tylliria
fighting

13g-lpo51
52
53

dU%F'ECTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . e . . . . . . . .

207..211.

ECONOMIC RESTRICTIONS . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Situation
until
Mew restrictions
Situation
after

FI~AjK!IAL

12.3~ill-1.................
.................

J.

13.
C.

Pape
_&-

J-23-135
136".141
14s.144
145-151....................

services

Agriculturalproblems
Local and export markets........................
Industry

A.

IV.

PostalGovernment

G.
K.
I.

K.

III.

The Functioningof the Law Courts and the..............
Administrationof Justice..........
(5.) finctioningof the courts.
..........
(ii)
Administrationof justice.....................
Missing persons

PZragral3ls-.

191-195
196-206

Financingof WlWICYl? ..................

207-21158

V.

MEDIATIONEFFORT......................

212..21.4.:

Go

’

VI.

SUMMING UP AND OBSERVATIONS .................

215-233

Gl

‘Y..

/...

^..
*
*

s/5950EnglishFage 1REFORT BY THE SECRETARY-GE!XERALON TKE UNITED NATIONS OPEEtRTIC?7IH CYPRUSIXTRODUCTION-_
1.
This report,
which is being submitted after nearly six months of United
nations activity
in Cyprus, seeks to present to the Security Council a picture,of the complex problems faced by the United Nationsas accurate as possible,
operation
in Cyprus and of its efforts
to cope with them. The report includes

anaccount of the most important
events relating
to the United Nations operationin
Cyprus since the period covered by my last report on the subject, i.e. 8 June until
developments are also recalled whenever necessary in
8 September 1964. Earlier
order

to provide

a clearer

ana more comprehensive
I.

A.

UnitedNations(i)

Composition

pictureof the situation.

MILITARY SITUATION

Peace-Keeping

Force

and Deplo;yment

2.
The United Nations Force in Cyprus (VNFICYP) is composed of militarycontingentsplaced at the disposal of the United Nations by Austria,
Canada,Denmark, Finland,
Ireland,Sweden and the United Kingdom, The Force also includes
a Civilian
Police element (UNFICYP Civilian
Police),the personnel of which are
Austria,
Denmark, New Zealand and Sweden.
providedby Australia,
The strengthof the Force which on 8 June 1964 amounted to 6,238 military3.
on 8 September 1964:
personnel and 173 civilian
police, 'comprised the following
Military
Austria
Canada(medical47
1,132

Denmark
Finland

981.
971
1,032

IrelandSwedenUnitedunit)

Kingdom
TOTAL

799
1,025
5,987

/ .*.

--

Civilian

Police40
34Australia
Austria
Denmark
New ZealandSweden

42
20

39
TOTAL
-m

TOTAL UNFICYP

4.

The followingchanges took place

;j .*

173
“I;:

6,160
duringthe intervening

period:Arrivals
On 15 August the Canadian Contingent
was reinforcedby the arrivalof theAnti-tankplatoon of the First Battalionof the Royal 22nd Regiment with29 all ranks.
The build-upof the Danish Contingent
arrivedon 11 and 12 June.
The Irish
Contingent
was strengthened

was completed

when a further

by the arrivalof the Third'312 men

Infantry
Group.
An advance party of 76 all ranks arrived on 21 July andthe main body of 323 all ranks on 4 and 5 August.
217 officers
and men arrived
from the United Kingdom during this period,
to replace
the Third Divisionpersonnel
in the Force Headquarters.
No. 3 Flight
Army Air Corps with 50 all ranks arrived
from theUnited Kingdom on 11 August to replace the 19 Liaison Flight.
Departures,

The 19 Liaison
Flightreturnedto the United Kingdom on 11 August on being relieved.
The Regimental
Headquarters
and 'C' Squadron of the Life Guards from theUnited Kingdom with a total
strengthof 207 all ranks left UNFICyF
Command on 8 August.
42 officers
and.224 other ranks of the Third Division
Headquarters andrt’ .I?,

Signal Regiment,
also from the United Kingdom, have returned home during thisperiod.
700 officers
and men from the Swedish Contingent
have gone home on rotation
duringthisperiod.

The majority

departed

between

7 and 13 July.

No+, all/ ...

s/5950
EnglishPage 7of these have beenreplaced,diminished50

in strengthand the Swedish Contingent

by 2.55 all

The Force is currently
deployedNicosia Zone
HQ UNFICYP (International)

ranks.
a0@follor~(see attached

HQ Nicosia Zone (Basic organization
Canadian,drawn, from Contingents
under command)
Austrian Field Hospitaland Austrian Civilian
Canadian Contingent
Danish Contingent
and Danish Civilian
Finnish Contingent
PaphosZone--".-Swedish Contingent%amagusta District

has consequently
map I):-'

with representative

11

staff

PolicePoliceand Swedish Civilian

Police40th Irish Battalion,
Irish Contingent
Australian
Civil Police (One Section)-Larnaca District
3 Infantry
AustralianGroup - Irish Contingent
Civilian
Police (One Section)

Limassol District
United Il;ingdom Contingent
New Zealand Civilian
Police(ii)
6.

Function

As indicated(S/5653),
ob3ectives

and Guiding

Principles

in the aide-me'moire

contained in my report of 11 April 1964
Nations Force in Cy-prus is to implement thethe functionof%eUniteddefined in the Security Council

resolutionof 4 March 1964, namely:

In the interestof preserving
international
peace and security,
to use its best
efforts
to prevent a recurrenceof fighting
and, as necessary, to contributetothe maintenance and restorationof law and order and a return to normal ?ondltions.
In carryingout its function
the Force shall avoid any action designed to influencean improved climate'
the political'situation
in Cyprus, except through contributing
in which political-1/solutions

The map is being
report.

may be sought.

circulated

separately

as an addendum (S/5950/A&3.1)

to this/ ..B!

The g:uiCU.xg .principles
as follows :
7*

’

I,,

/
I

go?rcrning

the operationof the Force may be summarized(a) The Force is u&er the exclusive
controland command of the United
Nations at all times,
The Commander of the Force is appointed by and
The contingentscoInpTi.SiW
responsible
exclusively
to the Secretary-General.
the Force are integral
parts
the Commander of the Force.

!

of it

and take theirordersexclusiVelY

5

from

(b) The Force undertakes
no functions
which are not consistent with theprovisionsof the Security
Council resolutionof 4 March 1964. The troops of
the Force carry arms which, however, are to be employed only for self-defence,
should this become necessary in the discharge of its function,in the interestof preserving
international
peace and security,of seeking to prevent a
recurrenceof fighting,and contributing
to the maintenance and restorationof law and order and a return to normal confiitions.
The personnel of theForce must act with restraint
and with complete impartiality
towards themembers of the Greek and Turkish Cypriot communities,(c) As regards the principleof self-defence,
it is explained that the'self-defence"''
expression
Includesthe defence of United Nations posts,
premisespersonnel
principle

and vehicles
under armed attack, as well as the support of otherof UNFIC'B? under armed attack.
When acting in self-defence,theof minimum force shall always be applied and armed force will be

used only when all peacefulmeans of persuasion
have failed.
The decision
as to when force may be used under these circumstances rests with theConimander on the spot,
Examples in which troops may be authorized
to use

'. j
./
1
/;
/1
j)/ I
/,j
/,
[j
i
i j

/,/
!
t

force include
attempts by force to compel them to withdraw from a position
which they occupy under orders from their commanders, attempts by force todisarm them, and attempts by force to prevent them from carrying out their:

responsibilities

as ordered(d)
In connexion with
UNFICYP shall maintainby theircommanders,the performanceof its function and responsibilities,
close contact with the appropriate
officials
in theGovernmentof Cyprus, which has the responsibility
for the maintenance andrestorationof law* and order and which has been asked by the Security
comcilin its resolutionof 4 March to take all additional
measures necessary tostop violenceand bloodshed in Cyprus.
Deployed in sensitive
areas throughout
the country, the Force attempts to
8.
interpose
itselfbetween the Greek and Turkish Cypriot military
positions,
or if
/

4
4

s/5950

EngliSh
Page 5thatwill

is not possible,
to set up its own posts nearby so that its mere presence
If, despite
constitutean effective
deterrent
to a recurrence of fighting.

its precautionary
measures, shooting incidents
occur, the Force will immediatelyintervene
and endeavour to end the fighting
by persuasion and negotiation,Ineach case it will also carry out a thorough investigationof the incident.
Frequent
patrollingis organized whenever necessary to ensure the safety on roads and in
These actions will be described in greater
toFIns and villages
in sensitive
areas.
detaillater on in this report.
Police unit which forms an integral
part
9* The Force is assisted by a Civilian
of TJNFICYP. The main duties of these police elements are: to establish
liaisonwith the Cypriot police;
to accompany Cypriot police patrols which are to checkto man United Nations police posts
vehiclesfor trafficand other offences;establishedin sensitive
areas; and to observe searches of vehicles by local police
The UNFICYP Civilian
Police is also called upon to carry out
and road-blocks.
investigationof incidents
in which Greek or Turkish Cypriots are involved
withas necessary, including
thethe opposite community, and any special investigations
search for persons reported as missing.
10. But the daily tasks of UNFICYP go far beyond the normal duties set forth
above.

A wide range

UNFICYP for

itsurgentof problems,
action.

large and small, are brought to the attentionof
In a Cyprus torn by internal
strifethe populationof both communities lives in constant fear and looks to UNFICYP for protection.
Escorts are organized to protect persons of one community who have to venture into
the area occupied by the other.
UNFICYP is frequently
called upon to deal withThe UNFICYP field hospital,such problems as food supply, relief
and refugees.
establishedfor UNFICYP
run by the Austrian medical unit, although primarily
personnel,
also provides assistance to the other patients on an emergency basis.
constantly
looks to UNFICYP for protection,
the fighting
11. While the population
elements on both sides are not always co-operativeand often adopt hostile
attitudes
towards the members of UNFICYP whenever their presence impedes the achievement of
their designs.
In the performance of their duties members of UNFICYP have been
threatened,abused and even fired on. Since the beginning of the operation,
theForce has suffered
six casualt?ies, which occurred during the performance of duties,
as foJlows : one killedin acticn,
one in an accident which occurred ~rhilc on duty,
two missing and believed
to have been killed,
and two others woundedother rnsn have died of other causes.
to12. I cannot conclude this section without paying a warm tributethe United Nations Force in Cyprus for the exemplary manner in which
performed their difficult
duties.
It is not easy for armed soldiersin action.

Two

all members of
they have
under
,,
/

Page

6

@%",',)" gg[&y '"); fg;,
I$:; ;'*
lil! ;'~
1;.;I
1:,j
1'
.C )iI),,;fand danger to refrainfrom using their arms. Nor is it
and to persist
in using persuasion
rathereasy for them to remain always restrained
It requires great courage, a very special
than 'force when they are threatened.
conditionsof greattension,understanding andkind of courage, as well as an unusual amount of patience,compassion to work in the conditions
imposed upon a United Nations Peace-keeping
Force, but the officers and men of UNFICYP have measured up well Ln this regard.
(iii)

Freedom of Movement\

Freedom of movement is an essentialcondition
for the proper "unctioningof
The agreement between the United rJations and the Republic of Cyprus
the Force.
p rovides that the Force and its members
concerning the status of UNFICYP (S/5634)
13*

P

together with its service vehicles,
vessels,
aircraftand equipmen;, shall enjoy
freedom of movement throughout Cyprus.
But the Force has encountered many difficulties
in this regard which have
14.
during July and early Aaust there weregreatly hindered its work. In particular,
frequentcases of serious restrictionof the movement of UNFICYP by the Cypriot
police and the Cyprus Vational Guard.
The most serious case concerns the docks in Limassol.
In the latterpart of15.
July,
preciselyat the time when it was believedthat large shipments of militarywere imposed
equipment were being unloaded from Greek ships, serious restrictions
on the movement of WFICYP personnel
and.vehicles
at end near the Limassol docks.
The attitudeof the Cypriot security
forces was so aggressivethat it was fearedthat a clash might occur between them and UNFICYP. Therefore
UNFICYP decided
temporarily
to withdraw its patrols
from the areas in order to avoid incidents.
Another serious restriction
Was imposed on UNFICYP movement during the Tylliria
fighting,
5-10 August, when the battle
area was sealed off and. UNFICYP troops had'great difficultyin gaining access to it.
The question of freedom of movement for UNFICYP has been the subject of long
discussions and negotiations
betw,een the Force Commander and the Cypriot
authorities.
When the Force Commander encountered a firmly unto-operative'attitudeby, those authorities
after the Limassol incidents,
I personallyaddressed a
message to the Government of Cyprus on 22 July 1964 (S/5843).
In this message,,thedrawing attention to the restrictions
imposed,upon the movement of UNFICYP
exercise of their duties, I asked the Government urgently to take thery steps to bring an end toapracticesof that kind which hinder seriously
rt’LUEbiOningof
the Force,
In its reply of 27 July 1964 (S/5842)
the Government/ ...

s/f5950

EnglishPage 7of Cyprus maintained
Government premises,that the entry by UNFICYP into docks and ports or otheror the stationingof units therein,
was not included in theterm “freedom of movement”.
As regards
sensitive
areas, the Government desired

the claim of,access by UNFICYP to specificto clarify
that where requirementsofabsolute secrecy on matters of State defence and security were concerned, it was
not possible to permit entry of UNFICYP patrols,
The Government had, how-ever,informed the Commander of UNFICYP of its readiness to make arrangements at his
request to visit
with the Ministerof the Interioran) area or place in Cyprus hemight wish.
17. However, on 6 August 1964, the President of the Republic of Cyprus addressed
to me a message (s/5855) in which he stated that irrespectiveof the legal’views
expressed in the communication of 27 July, it ?las his desire to assure me that theUnited Nations Force in Cyprus would enjoy full freedom of movement throughouttheThe only exception would be certain localities
connected
territoryof the Republic.
with the defence of the State, access to which might be arranged after
consultation
between the Government and the Commander of the United Nations Force.
I repliedto the President
on 7 August 1964 (s/5869) expressing my appreciation
for his personal interest
and action on this matter and informed him that theForce Commander would be in touch with the appropriate
authorities
of hisGovernment with regard to arrangements for access to the sensitive
areas referred
to in his message,
discussions
and negotiations
in Nicosia, the President assured
18. In further
my Special Representative
and the Force Commander on 1 September that UNFICYP
would enjoy complete freedom of movement throughout the territoryof the Republic,
areas could not be visitedbyalthough,for security
reasons, certain sensitive
discussions on 5 and 7 September,
However, during further
ordinary UNFICYP patrols,
the President handed the Force Commander a map of the island with sensitive
areasThis map showed 16 areas of special importance to the Cyprus
marked on it.
Government which may not be visitedby anyone in UNFICYP; 15 defence areas which
may be visited
only by the Force Commander having given due notice to the Cyprus
and 57 areas which may be visited
only by senior UNFICYP
military
authorities;
officers
having given due warning and even then only at predetermineddays andhours.
The President
also stated that he could not permit UNFICYP to take air
My Special Representative
and the Forcephotographsof any of these areas.
Commander considered. the new positionof the Cyprus Government to be contrary to/ . ..

the'assurances

given to me by the President and informed him that they would
report the matter to me. It should also be mentioned (as an example

irt3nYZdiatelyof the deterioration

which is taking

placein the relationshipbetween UNFICYP and

the Cyprus authorities)
prevented
from occupyingthat the Swedish Contingent
in the Paphos Zone has been
an empty hotel in which they had intended to establish
I am, of course, most concerned by this new trend and havetheirheadquarters.
to reconsider
its position
andrequested
the Government of Cyprus, in particular,
Complyfully

with the undertaking given by the President
1964. The Commander of the Force is prepared,

in his message to me dated
in this regard, to discuss

Augustappropriatearrangements for the access by UNFICYP to certain
clearly
limitedin number and size, as otherwise the freedom
6essential
cUrtailed.

for the discharge by the Force of its

responsibilities,

There have been also some cases of obstruction
194,
TurkishCypriots in the areas controlled
by them.
movement
Gomnder23.

sensitive
areas,
of movement which iswould be seriously

to the movement of UNFICYP by
These cases concern generally

in the immediate vicinityof fortified
posts and the local UNFICYP
has been able in each case to overcome the difficultyby negotiation.

Other

Armed Forces in Cyprus_(0

Governrricnt Armed Forces

In my report of 15 June 1964 I made references
to the establishmentof20.
conrpulsory
conscription
and the creationof a Cypriot National
Guard as well as tothereorganizationof the regular Police Force,
The Police Force has remained at
But the strength of the National
thesa;c;Le strength of about 5,000 s,ince that time.
Guard'has increased from about 15,000 to an estimated totalof 24,000.
Includedin -thisfigureis an estimated 5,000 men who arrived
in Cyprus presumably from
Greeceduring the month of July 1964 through the port of Limassol,
Many of thesenew' recruits
are believed to be Greek Cypriots who have been students in Greece or
havebeen serving in the Greek armed forces, but the information
obtained by UNFICYP
indicates
officers,

that among the new recruits
there were also Greek nationals
including
instructors
and techniciansfrom the Greek Army. The National Guard has
also
been greatly strengthened with regard to weapons and equipment.
The questionof the militarybuild-up will be dealt with in greater
detailin a later part of
the report.
/...

s/5950

EnglishPage 921.

General Georgios Karayannis who had assumed command of the National Guard
at the time of its creation,
resigned in mid-August 1964 and was succeeded byGeneral George Gxivas. ,The disciplineof the National Guard is reported ashaving improved since its creation
although cases of lack of discipline
are
still
frequent
at lower levels.
22. It should be mentioned that there are also a large number of Greek Cypriot
civilians
Guard.

capableof taking(ii)

TurkishCypriot23.

up arms at very

Fighting

The core of the Turkish

Cypriot

short notice

to reinforce

the National

Elements
fighting

elements is made gp by the original

Turkish Cypriot members of the Cypriot Police Force and gendarmerie,and ofthe Cyprus army. They were joined by a considerable
number of Turkish Cypriot
armed civilians
in the defence of certain
The Turkish members of the Cypriot police,
increasedrecruits,It
fighting
24.

areas of Turkish Cypriot population.
whose strength seemed to have been

since the events of December 1963 by the addition of a number ofcontinue to wear the same police uniforms but with Turkish badges.
is not easy to make an estimationof the strength of the Turkish Cypriot
elements.
The information
available
to UNFICYP puts their total

strength at about 10,000, excludingof the Cyprus Army. It is 'believed

1,700 police and Turkish Cypriot elementsthat during last June and early July some

300 personnel,
presumably from Turkey, landed on the beaches in the
Kokkina/Mansoura
area to reinforce
the Turkish Cypriot fighting
elements there
and that an additional
300 might have infiltrated
into other parts of the Island.
UNFICYP has no information
indicatingthat other reinforcements
have reached
The Turkish Cypriot leadership
seems to exercise
the Turkish Cypriot community.
elements, inonly a tenuous control
over some of the Turkish Cypriot fighting
part 9 itparticular

is believed,
the extremist

because of the difficulties

of communications.

In

Turkishindependentlyof any control.
the Greek Cypriot side also,

Cypriot organization,
TMT, operates quite
In this connexion, it may be mentioned that on
there are some extremist elements operatingin thesame way.
I...

s/5950

EnglishPage 10(iii)

Greek and Turkish

National

Contingents

In order to complete the pictureof the armed forces now ,stationed in Cyprus,
excludingthe British
Sovereign %se areas, reference
should be made to the
Greek and Turkish National Contingents.
Under the provisionof the Treaty ofAlliance
signed at Nicosia on 16 August 1960 Greece exercises the right to maintainan army contingentof 950 officers
and men on the Island,
and Turkey a contingentof 65~1. In April
1964, the President of Cyprus unilaterally
abrogated the Treaty
Of Allianceand declared it therefore
no longer bindingon his Government.
Both
25.

Greece and Turkey, however, have kept theircontingentsin Cyprus. The present
strengthof the Greek Contingent
is 950 and that of Turkey 645.
26. The Greek contingent is in its barracks on the outskirtsof Nicosia.
The
Turkishcontingent,
which had left
its camp during the events of December 1963and had deployed in the villagesof Orta Keuy and Geunyeli astride the Kyrenia'I
8'I

road north of Nicosia, are still
deployed there.
The Government of Cyprus contends
that this is a breach of the Treaty which justifies
its abrogation by Cyprus.
Both colztingents
have shown obvious one-sided attitudes
in favour of theirrespective
corfmunities.
During the Tylliria
fighting
in August 1964, both
contingentswere observed to move out of their areas.
But after the fighting
theGreeks returnedto their barracks and the Turks to the area they had been
occupying
before,but there was no indicationthat either
that fighting.
that at thetime
27. In this connexion it may be recalledof them took partinof the establishment

of

UNEICYP, I suggested that both units be placed under the over-allcommand of
the Force Commander. But, as indicatedin my report of 15 June, the negotiations
on the subject have led to no positive
results,
I have also suggested that it
would be helpful
to a solutionof the Cyprus problem
be returnedto their original
barracks.

ifthe Turkish

troopswould

28. At -the end of August, the intentionof the Turkish Government to proceedwith the normal rotationof one third of its contingent
and the refusal of the
Cyprus Government to allow it brought about the possibilityof a new and dangerous
crisisin Cyprus.
This question was brought to the Security Council's attention
in my reportof 29 August (S/5920),

In thatreportj

I informed

the Council

that

/

s

.

.

.

s/5950

EnglishPage 11
I had urged Turkey to consider postponing for a few weeks the scheduled rotation
and also to reconsider
my early suggestion concerning the return of the Turkish
contingent
to its original
barracks.
The Government of Turkey subsequently
announced that it had decided to postpone the scheduled rotation
for a short
time.

c.

Military(i)

Activities

Positionsoccupiedby the Government

and Turkish

Cypriot

Forcesthe events in December 1963, the Turkish Cypriot fighting
elements
in areas inhabitedby their community and fortified
them against possible
Map II in addendum 1 to the present report gives an indicationof the299 Following
gathered
attacks.

areas now so occupied.

The most important of them include a part of Nicosia
suburbs; a narrow area astride the Kyrenia Road extending

city and its northernfrom the northern
suburbsof Nicosia up to the southern edge of the topm ofan enclave in the Lefka region and two beachheads
Kyrenia; the town of Louroujina;
at Kokkina and Limnitis.

30.

In the defence of the areas they control,
the Turkish Cypriots have set up
roadblocks,
trenches,
fortifiedposts and sandbagged emplacements either on the
Around those positions
theground or behind windows or on the roofs of buildings.
Government forces have erected their own fortifications
and roadblocks.
The
opposing military
positions,manned by determined and well armed men, and sometimes
separated by less than 50 yards, create a situation
fraught with constantdanger.
patterns,
31. The measures taken by UNFICYP to prevent incidents follow different
according to the areas concerned.
In towns where the two communities livingin,adjoiningareas have set up fortified
positionsvery near each other, the twoareas are separated by a demarcation line.
One such line, referred
to as the"Green Line", was establishedin Nicosia after the events of December 1963, andprior to'thearrivalof UNFICYP. UNFICYP keeps a close watch over this line
In sensitive
rural areas where thethrough static posts and regular patrols.
opposing fortified
positionsare further
apart, UNFICYP is permanently deployed insmall detachments normally placed in an interposed position between the two sides.
Whenever firing

occurs.a;:;essation of firing
disputed positions.
presence

felt

it

will

immediately

make contact

with both sides to arrange

and if necessary re-deploy
some of its
Elsewhere throughout
most of the Islandby organizing

frequent

patrols

forces to occupy
UNFICYP makes it

to survey roads and visits

to villages.

s /5950
EnglishPage 12(ii)

Erectionand removalof fortifications

to achieve
in Cyprus URFICYP has made determined efforts
329 Since its arrival
the withdrawal.
or eliminationof the many fortifications
erected by both the Greek
As indicatedin my report of 15 June 1964,
and Turkish Cypriot communities.
proposals
to that effect had been put forward by UIWICYP both to the Cyprus
no agreement was
Government and to the Turkish Cypriot
leaders, but unfortunately
reached.
However1 as a result of discussions
and negotiations
at the local level,some positive
results had been achieved,
notably in Ktima where it had beenpossibleto remove the fortifications
set up there.
The proposals mentioned above include a plan for the creation of a free zone
33.
in the city of Ijicosia by pushing each side back by 100 yards.
This free zone
PTould be out of bounds for the fighting
elements of either side and would be
guarded and patrolled
by UIWICYP. Negotiations
for the creation of such a zone
tiere continued by my Special Representative
and the Force Commander with the
Cyprus Government on the one hand and the Turkish Cypriot leadership on the other.
By mid-Julysome definite
headway had been made. The Cyprus Government agreed towithdraw
its forces unilaterally
and both sides agreed that the free zone to becreatedshould be operated by UNFICYP forces alone.
UNFICYP was working on thedetailsof this plan when the tension began to rise with the Temblos incident
in
mid-July.
&Jo further-progress has been made on the plan since then.
Since my last report,
local UNF'ICYP commanders .have continued their efforts
34.
towards the removal of fortifications.
The negotiations
involved are a continuous
and wearying task.
Even a minor incident
provokes one side or the other to build
posts in the fear that they might be attacked.
Immediately,
the other side
retaliatesby building
similar ones.
The removal of these new positions
has thento be negotiatedby UNFICYP9 but no sooner is this achieved than fresh outcropsof fortifications
would begin to appear.
of success in this endless endeavour is not the number of
35* The yardstick
fortifications
removed, but the difference
between those removed and those
newly built.
Here also the effortsof UNFICYP were positive
until the Temblos
incidentin mid- July.
The number of manned fortifications
decreased during June
and the firsthalf of July throughout
the Island.
But tension mounted with theTemblos incident
and reached its highest peak during the ?$lliria
fighting,andbothsides began once again to re-fortify

theirpositions.

s/5950
En&i
Page

36.

In

UNFICYP

and attemptedtoachieveits

fortified

posts

were

consideredwithnegotiations
cases

when theposition

did

Nicosia

on 1 June

and

Zone

proceedtodismantle

when Government

posts

when three

Headquarters

negotiations

Build-up

deep

concernsincereport,
its

The
armed

invasion

defencestocourse,was strengthened38.

My view9

there

is

and/ormanufacturetheGovernment

Council

that

the

39*

My Special

thedangersarms

build-upis thatTurkishaerial

I-5 June,ofgovernment

as regards

area

as reported

earlier.

toimportis whether

at thepresentof arms ‘byand manufacture

questionwith

President

of Cyprus

times

and has reported

Limassol

entitledtheon allthewhilehave raised

weaponsof hisimported

imports

has encountered
upon

it

the

Government
would

and not

to me on theimposedbe thatCommander

Force

Tratchmovementtothat

a carefulon itsAugust.

over

has kept

restrictionofof opinion

invasionstheposition,

divisionand theit

That

up itssharp

isand responsibility

observations,to build

Security

foreignits

aof theagainst

out

duty

of

and spirit

country

carrying

CyprusthreatI

letterof the

In

is

which

the

There

severalits

as thecontinues

importation

defencepersonnel,

the
after

about

of early

normallythemmilitaryHotelrepublic.

attacks

9 assuredof

Palacethreatening

and theof theforcesUNFICYP

Ledra

were taken

so long

responsibility

integrity

heavy

in

to

on thethetheexample,intention

insisting

that

from

for

announced

while

40 .

duty

happened,

sides

with

of theown

on bothis consistent

Representative

its

to

has continuedof

4 March.

a few

15 June lY64,

the

of

in

in Cyprus

circumstances

resolution

Onlyand equipment

present
Cyprusandresults.

positionquestionsdiscussions

and equipment

in my report
thethreatactionsItsa sovereign

arms,

these

has openly

by thetodirectly

Government

territorial

as expressed

no doubt

and intheof

it has the

con-times,

protectAllpersonnel

CyprusThispbsitions

positive

my report

as a direct

were removed

personnel

forces.

Turkishtimeinresortedby persuasion.

them.

Cypriot

produceof military

expressed

strengthen

toof military

The build-up

that

Turkishhas always
objective

were removed.

had failed

(iii)
37.

this

UiWICYP

on 20 August

Nicosia/problem,dealing

sh
13

in

to

build

be usedonly

theinternalofits

up itsfortheconflicts,
and entry

observations.

some difficulty

by Government

of

who,

of arms and equipment
results

issue.

authorities

in

view
in

of

s/5950

EnglishPage 14
,z
', '
>: ,,
,:. .;

41.

'.

,

The UpQWXl? observations
have establishedthat during the month of July the
CyprusGovernment imported large amounts of arms and equipment which came in themain through Limassol Docks, In addition,an estimated5,000 persome
enteredthe islez~d in the same way presumably from Greece. It is believedt'iat theimportsof arms and militaryequipment were in excess of 3,000 ton; of freight
which
left
Limassol Docks in some 1,000 lorry-loads.
UWICYP has s)me estimates
the details of these imports,
d.Fsseminate
military intelligence,on

but itis not the purposeof thi,reportto

The Turkish Cypriot cormnunity has also strengthened
its fiShtinE capacity
sinceJune by smuggling into the areas under its control militdry
personnel andequipment.
Under its mandate, UWICYP endeavours to the fullest
extent possible

42.

1
,;

),
j
j/
: :!'
, i,
:
; :_;
,'
’
”

,~

to check al.1 smuggling of arms and personnel.
There is evii.ence that arms and~?ersonnel
have infiltrated,mostly under cover of darkness
in areas controlled
by members of the Turkish Cypriot community especiallyin the Kokkina/Mansoura
area.
As indicated earlier,at least 300 military
persornel
are reported to havebeen brought
al? additional

into the island to join the Turkish Cypriot fighting
elements and
300 also might have infiltrated,
It is fctlaer
believed that aliraited
quantity of arms and equipment,
includingbazookas and mortars have beensriiuggled
in to the Turkish Cypriot communi-ty, but UliJ$WYP has no precise
informationin this regard.

43.

On receiving
the reports concerning
the build-up
c\f military
personnel andequipmmt,
I addressed on 16 July 1964, identicalmessages to the President of
Cyprus,the I)hne Minister of Greece and the Prime ji~inister of Turkey.
Afterdrawing
attention
to the reported built
up, the danger if entailed and its
adverseeffect on the operation of Ul@IC?YP and on the work of the Mediator, I
expressed
the view that the militarybuild-upmust be halted immediately.
Havingrecalled
the responsibilitiesof their respective
Governments under the Security
Cou-ncilr~sdutionof 4 March 1964, I appealed strongly to them to ensure the fullobservationof both the letterand the spiritof that resolution.
A similar
message
was addressed to the Vice-Presidentof Cyprus on the same day in which
I alsoreferredto the Security Gouncills
request to Leaders of both communities
in

C~IXWS to act with restraint.

6
6

.”

“ , , , ” _.,.

“-.

“,,e.

m’l __--

-.-

.

..__

-..

..

‘7
_^

_

,,
i

”

s/5950EnglishPage 15
all four personalities
fully shared my concern but maintained
44. In their replies,
their previnuc
positions.
The President of Cyprus emphasized his Government's
responsibility
and dut:y to build up the defences of Cyprus to protect the
territorial
integrityof his country in. the face of the Turkish invasion threat.
This $osition
was supported by the Prime Minister of Greece. The Vice--President
af
Cyprus 7 after observing
that the attempt of the Cypriot authorities
at strengthening
theirmilitary
position
was aimed at dictating
and imposing their own solution
onthe Turkish
community in violationof the Security Council resolution,
evressedthe
The Prime
view that my message was mainly intended for Greeks and not for Turks.
Ministermilitary
Alliance,of Turkey, after assuring me that his country had never sent to Cyprus
personnel
and weapons other than those provided for in the Treaty ofcharged -that the Greek Cypriot leaders and the Greek Government had
repeatedly
embarked upon actions continuously
increasing tension end that the Greek
Government had sent military
personnel and arms from Greece to Cyprus.
(iv)

Shooting ----.^...
and other-- incidents

45 . Eefore

dealing with this question it may be useful to say a few words on thetension prevailingin Cyprus, which has remained at a high pitch ever since theThisevents of December 1963, although its intensity
follows an oscillating
curve.
tension,which was extremely high in March 1964, lessened notably with the arrivalof UNFICYP. From then on the atmosphere improved slowly 'but steadily
due mainly tothe peace-keeping
effortsof UNFICYP until the incident of Famagusta on 11 May 1964,
when two Greek National
Army Contingent officers
and a Cypriot police constable were
Following this incident
and thekilledin the Turkish Cypriot part of the city.
ensuing abductionof many Turkish Cypriot hostages, the tension once again rose to-the acutelevel.

Again UNFICYP attemptedby patient

efforts

relaxationof tension and the atmosphere slowly improved.
again reversed by mid-July and the tension began to rise.
major nature during thisanotherin Nicosia early

to bring
But this
The first

about atrend was once,
incidentof aperiod took place in the Kyrenia area and was followed by
the most dangerous crisis since thein August, and finallyestablishmentof UNFICYP occurred withsubsequentinterventionof the Turkish
46.
But even at its lowest level,
Between the two communities
high.

the fighting
aircraft.

in the Tylliria'area and thethe tension prevailingin Cyprus is dangerously
which make up the local population,
there is/s/5350
EnglishPage 16
deep-rooted

Each side is constantly
in fear of being
and mistrust.
by the other. The great qu::tl!,"cities of arms which have been imported
The local press on both sides, which regrettably
have gone into many I!ands.
suspicion

attackedrecently
has not so far shown a high sense of' :-~e~p!'-';?sibilitjr,
frequently];ublishes
fah2rumours.
In this atmosphere,
inflammatory
articles and storie \5 and spreads
incidents
can be easily set off by the smsllest spark and, if no ~u:ick action istaken, may degenerate into a mqjor crisis.
47. Hardly a day passes without one or several incidents.
During the period from3 June to 8 September 1961~~ there have been a total of 306 incidents.
D-u-t, except
for three series of incidents which will be dealt with separately
later,
they wereof a minor nature in the sense that they did not lead to a marked increase intension.
Tne following
table show
the number of incidents
which have taken place
during the period of 9 June to 8 September 19614, in the various zones and districtsof Cyprus excluding the Tylliria
fighting.
Zone/District -Nicosia

Shootin~.jncidents
--

Zone

l91

Paphos Zone
Limassol District
Larnaca Districtl?amagusta District

The casualties

31.
9
2
4
1

53
5
5
5
259

TOTAL
48.

Other incidents--.."--

incurredin thoseincidents

Greek
Cypriots-Killed:Shooting incidents
Murders
Total
Wounded:Shooting incidents
Murder attempts
Accidental
discharge
or explosion
Total

4
4

6
were as follows:
TurkishCypriots.

Total

2

6

13

17

3

ag

e3

8
6

8

16

6

12

6

-0

2

20

14

34

s/5950

EnglishPage 17
The &%3Xdt%eS
reSult%nf?, f3Z'Omthe Tylliria
fighting are referred to in the section
on that SU%J3C i; h~?,O~~:.
irill
are sh3otxi.n~; inci&nts.
%O
ty-j$cal examples of such
incidents We S?icfly deszri.bed hr?law.
Jun: 7).G~~r;k Cypriot
patrol of six men -in?iltrated
50. Dur9.n~: the nl,?hC IX? f::",/I;L31&
onto 8 ridge MX'lUall;Y mttnnec?by lk'kish C;yIriots east of the Turkish Cygriot
villo.ge Atincliksu.
At @-+KJhoaw on 24 June, the Government forces opened fire on
the villagt'
and zllso '~X.QW B hand grenade. The villagers stood-to and returned
the fire a Tht? G3vernmWt forces then withdyev vhile the Turkish Cypriots cor&inued,‘,l~*~lxf;tc? fireof%,.7s.f?

tOW'X?dscc,

2

C Greek-?s

CYJXiOt

paslitionnorthof thevillageand at &,ravostasi,

sattlement north-cast of Ambclikou, At 0600 hours United Nations
troops arrived on the scene and succee"led in stonping the firing.
By that time a
total of UFOU~
700 sil&C had been oxchanged, but there were no casualties.
71. On tile morning 9.T 30 June, about fifteen l'urkish Cypriots from the Turkish
of XLe:qa and Selain t'Api moved forward from their normal
Cypriot villai-2s~osit.i.~nn north-7ql;ls-f; uf Xlevga to a ridge further to the west toward positions of
the GTjv;r umont forces.
'The Government forces, seeing this movement, sent aboutfi.fteen Creek Cypriots forward to a ridge facing the Turkish Cypriots.
Then firing
broke out b&preen Turk2j.sh Cypriots and Government forces and continued for about an
United Qations troops moved into thehour, when about 125 rounds had been fired.
a Greeki.$@Xl.Q't;

area ?hortly clftes the shooting started and after approaching both sides persuaded
them to move ?-YE&~.
to their original positions.
There were no casualties*
rr3)-. The incidents
other than shootings relate mainly to explosions of bombs andIn each casediscoveries aL' une:ci,loded bombs, abductions of persons and looting.
UNFICYP has ir&erveneiJ
to help maPntainlaw and order and take remedial.
action.
5s ' As stated aboveJ there have been three series of incidents which are
They are described in separate sections below.
considered as of a major character.
(v)

Incidentsin --s..-.
the Kyrenia area

54. Early in yuly,

the situationin the Kyrenia area began to deteriorate
after
the appointment of a new Cy-priot police chief for the area. Soon after his arrival
this police chief announced thst in future the Turkish Cyl?riot village of Temblos
This announcement was deeply resented
would be p&,rol.led b'f the Cypriot police.
/

0

.

l

by the local-jmme<iiately

Turkish Cypriot pOpUlatiOn and in Orderbegan negotiations
with the police chief

to aVoid
disturbances
UNFICYP
in an attempt to change his

decision.
theWhile negotiation s were taking place the Turkish Cypriots reinforced
villageand brou@t the number of fightersin it up to about eighty.
In retsliation,
the Cypriot authorities
sent into the area a detachmen t of the Nation& Guard of
ne:arly 200 together lrith 25-pounder guns and armoured cars.
On 17 July, they issued
an ultimatum that they would attack the village
unless all the Turkish Cypriot
55

lfighters
evacuated it.
56. An UWWYP detachment of compaiiy size was quickly deployed between the two
opposing sides and succeeded in preventing
fightingfrom taking place.
Meanwhile,
the Force Comtn,?i,nderinitiatednegotiations
with the Cyprus Government and theTurkishCypriot leaders in Nicosia and an agreement was reached whereby the Turkish
Cypriots
undertook to withdraw all their fightersfrom the village
while theGovernment forces agreed not to send police patrols
into it.
XLthough agreement wasreached at -(he top level,
furtherefforts
had to be made by the UNFICYP local
commander, as is usually the case, to ensure that the agreement was actually
implemented
at the local level.
But finallythat also was achieved and the incident
was closed.
this incident
was potentially
dangerous as
5?a Although there were no casualties,
it could have led .to a major crisis in vie-w of the tension prevailingin the area.
It, was also the first time that the Cyprus National
Guard made a real show of force
with heavy weapons and armoured cars.
This heavy armament was opposing no Turkish
invasion
at Temblos,
53. Another
St. Hilarlon
particularly
the positions

potentially
dangerous incident
occurred shortly
thereafternear theCastle, which is an important
out-postof the Kyrenia area.
In thissensitive place, there had been frequentexchanges of shots betweenof Government forces and the Turkish Cy@.ots and a number of UNFICYP

posts had been interposed between them. On 1 August, heavy firing
took place andsome 6,000 shots were exchanged.
UNFICYP immediatelyintervened
and throughout
theday soq#t to arrange a cessation of firing.
Its efforts
were ultimately
successful.in spite of the extreme reluctanceon the part of both sides to'stop shooting.
The
investigation
undertaken by.Ll3JFICYP could not determine which side started theshocking or why exactly it wae started,
as each side accused the other of aggressive

~/5950
EnglishPage 19intentions.

This

withoutany(vi)

is one example of how mistrust

apparent

Incidentsand fearcan breed

serious:'incidents

reasons.
in Nicosia

Tension has remained very high in Micosia throughout
the period under review.
New fortifications
have been built and old ones reinforcedby both sides almost
every day.
On each occasion UNFICYP has tried to remove these posts by negotiations$99

and persuasion.
Until the Security Council resolutionof 9 August callingfor animmediatecease-fire,shooting along the Green Line had been a comnlOn occurrence,
60 . On 1: August, the Turkish Cjr-priots erected a new roadblock and reinforced
one of
The Government forcess overlooking
the Green Line.
theirexisting
fortification
In spite of the efforts
imtr,ediately
retaliatedby reinforcing
their own positions.
of the UNFICY'P local commander to reduce tension and secure the removal of the newa heavy exchange of firing
along the western half of the Green .Line
installations,in one Greek Cypriot being
took place in the evening of 5 August, IJhich resulted
killedand threewounded.

Later

that

same evening UNFICYP succeeded in securing anegotiations
for the removal
by successful

cessationof firingwhich was followed
Of the new fortifications
on the ne:::t day.
61.
A second shooting incident
occurred in the western

partof the Green Linearea

on 9 August when a series of exchange of fire between Greek and Turkish Cypriot
positions
took place during the afternoon
and early evening.
It is estimated thatabout 85 shots were fired by Government forces and about 35 by Turkish Cypriots.
Ul!TFICYP could

not determine

which side started

the firing.
The tension prevailingfighting
at the news of the Tylliria

in. the city,which had been further
heightened
no doubt made both sides extremely nervous and likely
to fire on the least
This is well illustrated
by the fact that a low pass made overprovocation.

Nicosia

by a Greek Air Force aircraft
shortly after 1900 hours was followed
by a newoutbreakof firingfrom both sides.
62.
On 16 June after a quiet period of a few weeks, firing
started between theSporadic firing
took ,pl.ace for two days
villagesof &yios Theodoros and Piyenia.
ahd was folloTqed by a heavy exchange of fire between the villagesof Mansoura and
UNFICYP
in which mortars and rocket launchers were used b;y both sides.
Mospilesi,managed to stop the firing.
troopsintervened
and after strenuous efforts
Casualties

were very

light

on both sides

considering

the amount of firing

involved.
f,<iyhe off~c~s?~- figureslqere three Greek C.ypriots wounded and on the 'Turkiish Cypriot
to preventa recurrence of fightii?g,theand. two -wounded - Ia crders~.de, ,>ne ki].led~fFICyy unj-.t, j-n tl,,e ares was cpickly reinforced.
The Cypl-iot l!Tatj.Dilal Guard began
to build up hea,vil:r :in the area and f&Lo-wing
the fighting
had more than ten.
-' w&p, Xeros and Polis.
enfan-i;ry companies dep%Opd b.AT'of some of the National
4j3, Ii3lf.2 situxc:ion remained tense despite the with&al&their
Guard units . imply in JULY, the Turrlr-isk! Cypriots strengthened
the hills
arqund the ~villages within the Mansoura-Rokkine
bridgehead.
GeneraL Kmx3,pmniw, Commander of the National
ra+tion on JEll 2188 (two miles
the Turkishpo,_Canman de r f after consulting with the ~FICYP

positionsin
On 10 July

Guard, requested UNFICYP to remove
south-eastof Pakky Ammos). The Portecommander of the Paphos Zone, assessed

the position
as purely defensive in character.
Since, in their view, it did notconsti.ti~tea. threat to any Creak Qpriot
village,he decided not to press for theevacuatix.
of the position by the Turkish Cypriots nor to deploy UNFICYP troops inthe contestad
area. ??xtbermore, the UBFICYP Commander, at the time, t:as pursuingwith the Turkish Cypriot leaders a proposal
agreed ypon by the President of Cyprus
to the‘" effectthat all armed men in this area should be confined to their villages,
Tm Commanc7er~a assesement that the Turkish
Cypriot
position
did not threaten any.
Greek C-flxi.ot village,
taken in conjunction
with the desirabilityof securingagreement ~'9 the -proposaL of the President,
led tbe Commander of UNFICYP to the firm
opinixl
tho:i; no action to dislodge the Turkish
Cypriotsfrom this particular
position
was necessary, This was duly communicated to General Karayannis throughthe &khlis-try
Of ,the Interior
by the Comnl%nder of IJj%'ICYP. Another Turkish Cypriot
position,
however, which conceivably
could knave constituted
a threat to the Pomos/
Livadhi/Stavros
road, WBSremoved by UNFICjrP on 17 July.
In the exchange ofcorrespondence
was informedthat tWk place on thismatterbetween

10 JuQand 1 August,

UNFI~YP

that action would be taken by the National
Guard against this Turkish
CyrJriot
height in the event that UNPICYI? could not negotiate
its dj.smant%ing andabandonment by Turkish Cypriots,
Genera.1 Thimayya pointed out that the UNFICSZ?
Zone commarlder had accompanied the President
and General Karayannls when they
visitedPakky &ntn~s and Kokkiila,
General Karayannis appeared to be satisfied
thatthe situation
around these villages
was calm. Notwithstanding
this, the UMFICypzone commander offered to deploy troops on the ridge between Pakky &nmos andKokkina.
Tm deployment was carried out.
/ . I .

f3j595Q
EnglishPage 2.1(vii.

The Tyll-iria.-L.-....-..--I---

fi@Mng..-.:'~dxhy Ammos in smaLl posts.
GG. UlWICYl? had a corxpny deployed in -the a~':&. Its headquarters
were located just.,--4-mfrox three to -thirt;y%a the west of i&to Pyrgos and other ,I+u
,Q varying in stren&hrrlen between Palrl~y Ammo,s, Ayios "Yeoryios, P@.os Theodhoros, Mansowa, Piyi andPiyenitt,-I-;hi: whole a;ren being linked by mo'bi.Le patrols S
67"
The Government build-up
of troops and equipment in the area began during We
JAst few days of July and continued ul? to 7 .August. The filfist mazor increase tpok@I.
gkcc
on :j August when %O lbTa,tioml Ckmrd rcin~k'orcad Piyeniz. Slid &kO~/‘rgOS.
dl3out 1.) 500
4- &J.WJIS~ the Government
f'orces around the bridgehead. totalled
On 7 hq-pt
a Large convoy
zwxd artillery
positionswere aLr,o under cr?nstructLon.
l

LncLudingarmoured

J33GdScars and six 25-pounder gun a moved into the Pomcx area shore
This convoy
brought
the total GOvernment
Pacing Kokkina.

t,hewere positioned
forces@p.loyed j.n -the area, to an estimatedguns

2,000 troop
with six 25-pounderguns
two four.-barrelled
Oerlikon 20 mm guns,i.mned.iately
able to beax on the bridgehead,
severa1
mortars
and a number of' armoured cars= There were also a possi'olc further

twenty

di.th
69.
the

25..pol~nfi~rguns and ten aorE: 20 mm Oerlilrons

in the Papho~ forest

al'ea

to

RIXLI~ :Jymst and some mortars

and bazookas .
Corrtnancler had become most anxious about
At -the &g;inni.ng
of August the Wrce_Onbuild-u-p
and had. expressed severa.l. times his fears to the Government.
/

l

.

I

.

s/595(3EnglishPage 23778 Luring 8 August the battle cc,+8i nued. The only remaining Turkish Cypriot
position
was Kokkina s.nd %hc def?nire?s were subjected ,to a heavy bombardment,
includingf Ire from 22; pounder
78. Luring the same afternoon,guns .
TurkishP 100 aircraft,in an undeterrrined

began attacking
positionsof the Government forces around Kokkina,
Fyrgos * A Government patrol boat was also attacked by the Turkish

number,Polis and Kateaircraftat

Xeros and set on fire,
It was finallybeached, completely burned out. The
casual.ties
sufferedby the pa,trol boat were reported to be five killed and thirteen
wounded.
blew

ur,

It was during this ITurkish air strike that one of the rBxrlrish jet aircraftin mid-air
over Xeros q The pilot ejected himself from the plane andparachuted
on Government controlled
territory
where he was taken prisoner.
He V&S
ofremoved to a hospitalin Nicosia where he later died. Through the good offices
UNFICYP, the pilot’s

bady wasreturned

to Turkey.

in order79 ’ In the middle of the ba,ttle, UNFICYP attempted to secure a cease-fireto evacuate women and childron
from. Kokkina, but this was refused by the National
Meanwhile the UNFICYP posts in Mansoura andGuard. Commander who was approached.
on the ridge between Pakhy Ammos and Kokkina were coming under heavy mor,tar andsmall arms fire.
Since 1t was apparent that they had no possibilityof stoppingA
the battle by staying there, it was decided that they should be withdrawn.
request for a temporary cessation of fixing to achieve this was refiused by thethe posts were withdrawn under heavysame National
Guard commander. Eventually
fire,
without casualties.
fighting
took place on land, but Turkish aircraft
made new
80. On 13August, little
attacks
Alevga,thought
rockets,
81.

on the villagesof Pomos, Pakhy Ammos, Linni, Polis, Piyenia, Ilato Pyrgos,
Selain 1;’ Api, Mansoura and around Kokkina, where Government tX.OOps were
The aircraft
used machine guns, cannons,
to be located cw passing through.
bombs and incendiaries.

Meanwhile

the refugees

in the camp at Kate Pyrgos had asked to be evacuatedtothe Turkish Cypriot town of Lefka and this was arranged with the Government.
However, later in the day the Government postponed the move on the grounds thatthey could not be responsible
for the safety of the refugees when they passed
through the Greek Cypriot town of Xeros on the way to Lefka.
This question Was
later brought to the attentionof the President,
who authorized the move, but after/ ...

~~~~~~~~~~~Security Fbre::s nn -the spot would not alloy the remainder to:I.-,.Finally,bccau.sc the refugees
feared for their safetyddvel.ia t],lai~ direci;ion.
at their oTfn request by UNFICYP to the Turkish
at Kato ~~-rgos they i:~erc transported
remain.
QTPr-iot-cri%lage of :<ol;jcina r~7l-teri-sthey stillES.
%'h%:xqhout the eiltire battle,
UWICW made strenuous
attempts to secure acem3 e -fire,
Its movement
but; was continuallyhindered buy the Government forces.
was fmpeded~JT tlls road blocks placed across roads and no Greek Cypriot commander
C::mriers,a-~?.i.la&lewith whom discussions could
53 . At 3.350
c hours on 9 August, President
M..r a-tta~l:~
were called off by 15Yl hours

W&S

take @ace.
Makarios announced

that unless

the Turkish

the same day he would order an attack on
eTdiery r2urkish
C~yp3o.t
villagein the island.
The President
later -postponed this
0TY?%?r,P&St
mki.l I'>30 hours end then indefinitely.
Lb@4- . MEEKM-d.lE) as set for321 in thc7 next section of thir; report,
the Security
Council
2.11 152~ York hr,d adopted ito i, resolutionof 9 Atqust call.iag for an immediatecease-firz.
The Xxce Commander persouall- 2 handed the Security
Council's
rqgealto the FresIdent
on the same day and he promptly notified
his observance of it.
The. cease-firebecame eflk:tfvc
on -the night of 9/10 Au~xwt.
85.
Duringthat same night the Cypru,s Government conzplained ,that two Turkish
cl~?stro;yei-s
were anchored off IVIansours and were unloading
men into sma.K. boats prior
to theirt;eing ferried into Kokkina.
The UNFICfl Commander immediatel.y despatched-L;he Collvnnmder
09 the Swedish Contingent
to KokKna to investigate.
After a mosthtX~ardous
drive,
this officer
arrivedin Kokkina in the early hours of the morning*
He i'aund
4~~70
Turkish x&-or torTedo boats in the harbour but could find no evidence-hhcz-ti ~~11 had been ofiloaded,although he thought supplies
had been4 The boats left
I(;okkina
heforedajr;li&t.
(7/" I TPle cease-fire'2cl
was also breached by a machine-gun attack made by two Turkish
aircraft;
On Polis in the morning of 10 August.
Littleactual damage was done, buttencivili.anS
Were wounded. This was discussed at a new meeting of the Security
COU~CZJ-

on 1% Aucust, 3,~ set fortl~

in the nex-t, section.

w~i?'Tc~@ had ml ItEalls of %cer?;aitd,ng
the casuall;ies
caused by the Tylliria
3-f.
_?"ightS.ng
ad. -the Rxkish air attacks.
The Cyprus Government has estimated that the
ccJrnainefi
casualties
of bOth actions on the Greek Cypriot
side totalled
53 dead and
125 wounded,of iJhich 29 dead and 56 Irounded were civilians.
No official
figuresas to the Turkish Cg~?riot casualties.
a. ITe s;vailab%eS/5950

EnglishPage 25(viii)

Security Council----__-ResoluGi.onI.-_--I__on the-- --Cease-Fire-.v_- .(W_-.m..--.--_ll

in-terventionof the Turkish aircraft,
3.
After the Tylliritz
fip$ting
and the first
of
ho%1
the
the Securi.i;y Council me-t on 8 and 9 August 1:X%, at the reqn';st~!alling for
Governments of Cyprus and Turkey.
On 9 August, $2 zdo@ed zt resolutioi~
It also called upon all concerned. toan immediate cease-fireby all concerned.
of peace andco-operate
IXLly with the TJnited Nations Commander in the xstoraXon
security
situation89.

and on all States to refrainfrom action that might exac:erbate theor i>ontributeto the broadening of hostilities.
The Security Council met a,gain on 11 August to exa,mine the implementation

L&e resolution.

At the conclusionof this3.meting the Presidentofof t'he Council,summing up the consensus of' the views of' the members of the Council, requested
parties
to comply wi.th its resolutionof 3 August in its entirety,
a&ed alltheGovernments to stop all flights
over the territoryof Cypress In violation
0% itsand tosovereignty,
and requested the Force Cormnander to supervise the cease-firereinforce
its units in the cones which were the sphere of the recent military
tiperations,
(ix)
30.

so as to ensure the safety
Observance

Followingof the inhabitants.

of the Cease-Fire -the adoptionof the Security

Council

resolutionof '9 August,

UNT!TlXyP

took immediate action to observe the implementationof the cease-fireto all extent
possible.
The Turkish Cypriots then occupied only -i;wo beachheads in I~okkina andLimnitis,around which the National Guard had established a number of SOrtified
positions,
Seventeen observation
posts were set up by UIWICYP between the two
Cdes : six around Kokkina, eight around Limnitis and three in depth along theThose posts are intended not only to observe breaches Of
likelyaxis of advance.
thecease-fire,

but also to give warningof any aggressive

moves by eitherside insufficient
time for UIWICYP to take action to prevent a recurrence of fighting.
those already
New UNFICYP units have been brought into the area to reinforce
stationed
there.
31. UNFICYP was inst5ucted
to report to me immediately on all cases of breach ofcease-fire.
A note on the subject was submitted by me to the Security Council on
It shows that from 13 -to 15 August there ha.3 been ten cases of
15 Au&‘ust(S/5898).
b.‘e!ach of cease-fire;
five cases of firingby Government forces, three cases bycould not be determined.
Turkish Cypriots and two case s in which the origin of firing

All

the

cases

were of a minor

Turkfshpatrolboat

OP 124.3

AUQ;~S~.

wa s reporterj.

--@marches
authorities.

appropriate

nature$X2.. From 15 August

were no casualties.

to have landed

about

each of theto R September#There are 11 cases

cease-fire,

and there

there

slupplies
above

addition,

on

the

night

ore

made t0

the

cases

of

at Kokklna

incidents

have been twenty-.sixof firingIn

by Government

forces,14 casesaircraftof undetermined

93
the

the

whole,

thereof a minor
remains94,

situationon theislandhas been

have been no serious

breachesof thecease-fireHowever,sensitive

areas
their

where thetheand now theseforcesCypriot

considered
Cnriots

and only

two sides

faceeach other,cease-fire,despite

Ul!?l?ICyP efforts

taking.placeforcesstrongholds

may cause
them

the
build

up, while

to a farlargerhave undoubtedly

a dangerous

XeStxiCtiOnS

quiet.

is an unstable

since

Government

rapidlyacquiredtheone and theso desire.

a s itheightens

theon thepartof Greek

Cnriots

theimportantfromactionsince

takingrash

the Government

has imposed

than

Cn

incidents

tensionofnervousness

on Turkish

activelytoon bothsides,

TurkishCypriots

overrunningtheimbalanceof thea feelinghas

isTurkishof over-confidence

factorscease-fire.

have been

the

This

deterrent
the

both

capability

when they

them to overlook

which

degreefactor,and may create

prevented

generallysituation

The military

fortifications.

Turkishthis

positionsstrengthened

which

the

high.

strengthening
removeorigin.

cease-firenature.

very
In

been
and IL8 by

as Gf 8 September

Since

l

of

by Turkish

and 11 cases of firinCof undeterminedorigin.
There have alsoof overflight,
4 eases bY Turkish
aircraft,1 by Greek.aircraPt,

Situation’breachCypriots
23 cases

D.

a.

that

so far,have

The economic
Cypriot

has, 85 Will be explained later in the report,
made the situationof T'uxkish CyJeriots very difficult,This,of. course,
has caused

areas

since

of large.
Julygroupstensionfurther3‘? rise.
(jiPh’
Under these conditions
any small incident
can escalate
intoa majorcrisis,I’“$*i 95.
(‘A .
%e tension
which prevailed
at the end of August over the rotationof the Turkish*’I” $da;tional
Contingent
z to which 1 referredin my repcrt of ;1g August (S/5920),,~:~~~::,:i:,SlluStratks($>k<!
$” ‘,i”,”‘,<&.I,,,” _*‘:(,1;2,;pi:, 1the precarious

characterof thepresenttolull.
/ .. .

96,

There

present.

..

sensitivein the judgement of UIYFICP, four particularly
One of these areas is the bridgeheadof Kokkina which is stillare,held by

TurkishCypriots with about SC0 well-armed
fighting
elements.
The Government fOrceS
have been maintainedin large numbers around the bridgehead and they have improved
The 'Turkish Cnriots
besieged in the beachhead are
theirfortffica-bions
there.
known to be short1

areas atof food.

The second area is the beachhead of Limnitis
which is also still
Controlled
TurkishCypriots.
Although there seems to be only about 200 Turkish Cypriot
fighters
there, the Government has brought up a large number of troops into the

by

97.

area.

They could

no doubt over-run

the beachhead quite

easilyifthey decided

toattack.
area is round the town of Lefka where there are about
includingbetween "(JO to 900 militant
TMT. Lefka EdSO
3,000 Turkish Cypriots,
would provide
a good base fromwhich
it would be possible to link u.2 with a sea
The C~ypriot forces have recently established
posts
Close
to
landingaround Xeros.

98.

The third

dangertheperimeterin the South and have been seen reconnoitring
the area.
Tension there has always been
99. The fourth danger area is the city of Nicosia.
high and since the cease-fire
both sides have greatly improved their fortifications
The economic blockade has resuJ.ted in serious
i.2 the area of the Green Line,
shortagesof many essential
products in the Turkish Cypriot sector.
situation
while
100. UIQFICYP is: keeping a careful watch on the militaryat the sametime endeavouring
to ease the economic restrictions
for the Turkish CyWiot
measures to ease
As in the past, it is taking all precautionary.po~uJ.ation.
tensionand to prevent a recurrenceof fighting*
*9

II.
101.

ACTIVITIESREGARDING TBE RETURN TO NORMALCTY

set forth in the preceding
chapter, UNFICYP
to the activities
to ease tension and facilitate
the return to normal
best efforts,

In additLon

has exerted its
conditions
by seeking solutions
to a number of urgent problems of a political,
In so doing, UNFICYP has constantly
kept innature.
economic, social or judicial
mind its duty to promote a return to normality
in the island and the implementationof the programme of action outlined
in my report of 29 April 1964 (s/5671.).
Since my last report on the operationof UNFICYP (s/5764), regularcontacts
102.
have been maintainedat all levels with Government authorities
and leaders andDuring those contacts, UNPICYP
other responsible
persons from both communities.
civilianand military,
have ascertained
the positionsof 'both Greek
officials,
endeavoured to
Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities, and have tirelessly
An account ofreconcilethe opposing viewpoints
and reach workable solutions.
the most important
A.

-Restrictions

problems

to which UNPICYP has given

attentionis set forth

below,

on the movement of the population

the Turkish Cypriots
control a numberin the report,
andof enclaves in the Island,
acces s points to which are guarded by road-blocks
Around these enclaves the Government armed forces have set
fortifiedpositions.
up their own fortifications.
Access to the areas controlled
by Turkish Cypriots

103,

As indicatedearlier

as well as the use of the road leading from Nicosia to Kyrenia are being denied to
On the other hand, the freedom of movement of Turkish Cypriots
Greek Cypriots.
in the areas under the control of the Government, has in practicebeen restrictedin those areas by reason of excessive checks and searches and of many unnecessary
obstructions
put in their way by the Government police at check points, as well as'by the feelingof insecurity
and the fear of arrest or abduction.
104. The movement of Greek Cypriots into the Turkish Cypriot controlled
sectors
is restricted
Greek Cypriot
Greek Cypriotby the Turkish Cypriot forces.
While this does not affect the
population
to a great extent, except for the working of certain
industrial
and commercial enterprises
located in Turkish Cypriot

controlledareas, the Government finds thisreasons as well as for reasons of principle.

restriction

intolerable

The inability

for practicalof the Government

tos/5950
EnglishPage 29

use itspremiseslocatedfunctioning
premises,of itsincludingbuilding,

are locatedin Turkish

Cypriot

sectors

is an impediment to the proper

services,particularly
the Courts of Justicein the sector

in Nicoska where a number of Governmentbuilding
and the Chief Post OfficeThe
controlled
by Turkish Cypriots.

restriction
placed by Turkish Cypriots on movement on the important Kyrenia road,
astrideof which fs deployed the Turkish contingent,is also a source of majordifficulty.
105‘
However, the bulk of the problem is the restrictionof the movement Of
AS indicated in my report of 1.5 June 1964,
TurkishCypriots
outside their areas.
UNFICYP has sought to alleviate
the difficulties
number of remedial measures at the local level.

arising therefrom
It has organizedby takingregularasupervisions
at roadblocks
and c‘heck points manned by the Cypriot police in order
Frequent 'patrollingis carried out into try prevent
excesses and abuses.
sensitive
areas in order to prevent abduction or interferencewith the free
In exceptional
cases, generally for humanitarian
movement of Turkish Cypriots.
reasons,
UNFICYP has also organized escorts and provided transportfacilities
for
As indicated later
the movement of food, essential
merchandise and individuals.
'
UNRCYP has escorted Turkish Cypriot judges to courthouses
It has also ensured the protectionof harvesters
in Greek Cypriot areas.

in the report,
locatedwhen they have had to work in the fields near or outsidecommunity.
It has become .a common practicefor Turkish
compelled to travel
outsidebeforesettingout on their

the boundary of their
Cypriots who aretheir areas to call first the UNFICYF Civilian
PoliceOn receivingsuch calls the UNFICYP
journey,

Civilian
Police have always endeavoured to keep a careful watch on the road to be
The movement of foodtaken by the traveller
in order to ensure his safe passage,and otherB.

supplies

Normalization

is dealt

with in the chapterof the public

106.

The extensive breakdown
had as one of its most serious
Nicosia,
Government offices,
the Green Line in locations
did not feel safe to visit.

on economic restrictions

below.

servicesin communication between Greek and Turkish
results the disruptionof public services.

CypriotsInarchives and stores were to be found on both sides
which civil
servants of one community Or the other
The head officesof all Ministries
were in theofs/jg50
EnglishPage 30
Greek Cypriot
sector,whereas all Court records and all land ownership andmortgage records,
for example, were in the Turkish Cypriot sector, and theprincipal
Government
stores in the area were near the Green Line patrolled
by
UJWICYP.
107.
Because of the very real practicaland psychologicalfactors which keep
Greek and Turkish

Cypriot

Government

employees apart,

pendinga finalsettlement,

UNFICYP could make only a modest contribution
to normalizing
the public services.
In dealing
with those problems, however, UNFICYP found in a number of instances,among career civil
servants of long standing,feelings
of professional
solidarity,
mutual respect and personal friendlinesstowards colleagues
with whom they had been out of touch since December 1963.
the problems undertaken
by UNFICYP is given below.
(i)&-employment

of Turkish

Cypriot

108.

UNRLCYP authorities
from the beginning
consldera%ion
to this question and on several

CyprusCypriot

Government.
Government

All
civil

civil

of the other community
An account of some ofservantsof the mandate in Cyprus gave serious
occasions they raised it with thenegotiations
on the possible r-e-employment of the Turkish
servants in Nicosia and their financial
compensation fromJanuary 1964 have ended in a deadlock up to now, as it is considered by theGovernment to be a highly politicalmatter linked closely with the final settlementof the Cyprus question.
On the other side, the Turkish Cypriot politicalleaders
preferred
to deal with this matter on a global basis, unwillingto accept any sortof gradualsolution
which might accord with conditions
in various Government
Departments
and Public
It was observed
109,
Cypriot
civil
servants

Services.
during the negotiations
on this matter that the Turkish
never in the past disclaimed
the Cyprus Government as such.

They felt that due to the prevailingconditions
since December 1963 they were unable,
for physicaland security
reasons, to attend their offices
on the Greek Cypriot
side of Nicosia.
Therefore
they stayed on the Turkish Cypriot
side and affirmedthat they were willingto co-ordinate
their work with the Government departments'
activities,
In this connexion they expeatsd theirsalaries
to be paid from last
January or at least to receive some compensation from the Government.
They wellunderstood

that

the

problemof theirformalre-employment

was pending

owing to

S/595Q
EnglishPage 31

the delayed solution
remained unchanged.

of the politicalproblem.
It is clear that a major

Up to the present
step towards

be made only when the positionof Turkish civil
salaries
since December have been clarified.
(ii)
110.

servants

normalthe situation
conditions

and the matter

has
could

of their3

Lands and surveys

The fact,that

the Director

and the majority

Of Lands and Surveys were separated from the Turkishfrom the entire
collectionof books recording
titles,of the staffof the Department

Cypriot staff members andmortgages, attachments,
tax

payments, etc.,of the Nicosia District,housed in a strong room in the Turkish
Cypriot
sect or 9 has caused inconvenienceand financial
embarrassment to thousands
OthersOf persons in both communities.
Many property transactions
were delayed.
were carriedout by declaration,
as is usual in Cyprus, subject to their being
declaredvoid at a later date should impediments be found upon inspectionof thebooks.
111.
Beginningin July it proved possible
for'a small number of transactions
t0
be carriedout at UJ@IC'YP Political
Headquarters
in Nicosia, the Turkish cypl?iOt
leaders
having agreed to produce
UNRCYP.
112.
Because of the importance
29 July a draft
be establishedthe necessaryof property

books in answer to approaches
transactions,onplan for the establishmentof a temporary Districtlands Office toUnder this plan UNFICYP would
at LJNPICYP Political
Headquarters.

provideOfficespace for Greek and Turkish Cypriot etaff
fn one party to and from work, and assist in the transfer
Departmental

UNFICYP submitted

fromrecords

to a strong

room at tJ??FICYP Politicalmembers,

escortthelatterunder escort

Of allThe plan
Headquarters.

was acceptable
to the Government in several respects but the resumption of payment
0% salaries
and the proposal that the books be returned to the strong room in the
TurkishTurkishCypriot
se,ctor after the departureof UNFICYP raised difficulties.
Cypriot
leaders
found it unnecessary
from theirsector.
They maintained

and inappropriate
to transfer
all the books
that all that was necessary was for theGovernment
to confirm that the Turkish Cypriot staff members of the Department were
civil
servants
in good standing and -to send them material
for entering in the books.
,.,
reachedandthebacklogof unprocessed
No generalagreement therefore
&a@
/ ...

S/5950
EnglishPage 32
applications,enquiries

UNFICYP continues
its own premises.
(iii)

to tryox transactions
to arrange

Payment of arrears

forto Turkish

had by 31 August risen

to over

isolated

to be carriedtransactions

2,COO.
out onCypriots

113.

As one step towards preparing
for a return to normality,
UNFICYP urged
stronglythat efforts
be made to square account s up to the end of 1963 and with thisend in view made many approaches to Government officials
and to senior Turkish
Cypriot civil
servants but, except for the provisionof some information,
theGovernment was unable to offer any co-operationin this sphere.
I1 Lt. It should be stated in this connexion that early in 1964, before the arrivalof UNFICYP, the Government
had sent the Deputy Accountant-General,a Turkish Cypriot,
official,a sum of about &lO,OOO towards payment of the balance of salaries
andwages owed to the Turkish Cypriots in respect of December 1963.
Afterwards,
however I much smaller claims for December salaries
of exactly the same nature andclaims for miscellaneous
services and goods supplied by Turkish Cypriots to theGovernmen% in 1963 were not met, despite carefully
detailed
submissions by the
Deputy Accountant-Generaland many approaches by UNFICXP.
115.
Even in cases where cheques issued by the Ministry
to Turkish Cypriots in
1963 had not reached them, were shown in the Government records as uncashed, and hadin any case become invalid
after
six months, the Government declined to issue newcheques which could be delivered
through UIVFICYP, preferring
to keep the questionin suspense.
The reason advanced in all such cases was that
partof the funds might
be taken from the payee for the purchase of arms.
116.
It should also be mentioned that the salaries
of Turkish Cypriot judicial
pcrsnnnel have hecn and continue to be paid, as well as the pensions of the retired
Turkish Cypriot civil
servants.
(iv)

117.

Payment of Social

As statedin my report

Insurance

Benefitsof 15 June 1964, many Turkish

Cypriots

were notreceivingold-age pensions, tidowsl
pensions and other benefits
to which they wereentitled
under the Social Insurance i&w of 1956.
There has been no basic
improvement in this field
since that report.
I

/ ...

s/59’50
EnglishPage 33
to UNFICYP on 9 May 1964 his agreement in
to which Turkish Cypriots were entitled
However, reports
before the events of December 1963 should continue to be paid.
from UNF'ICYP patrols
visiting
villages
continued to include complaints thatpayments had no-t been received
since December.
Detailed claims from residentsof118.
The Presidentof Cyprus confirmed
principle
that social insurance benefits

the Turkish Cypriot sector of Nicosia, also submitted by the
Deputy Accountant-Generalboth direct to the Accountant-General
UNPICYP, were not acted upon.
With the assistancelJ.9.
Insurance
and the Turkish

and 1sr;er throughof officials
in both the Ministry of Labour and Social
Cypriot sector, UNPICYP made a close study of theworkingsof the Social Insurance Law in respect of both social insurance benefits
and in the fieldof social welfare.
It was clear that in many cases formalities
certificatesor notificationof changes
such as the completion,
twice a year, of lifeof address
special120.

could not be compliedarrangements

within the country's

unsettledstate,

unlesswere made.

Practical
suggestions
responsible
officials
duringwere therefore
discussed by UN5ICYP with the
June.
Presh life certificates
had in any case to

be completed in that month by all persons entitledto old-age or widows' pensions.
It would not have been difficultfor UNFICYP to arrange for these forms to be
distributed,
filledin and certified
in any manner desired by the Ministry if an
UNFICYP repeatedly urged theagreement could be reached with the Government.
Government
together.
121,

to discuss this matter with it and make practicalarrangements
However the Government has not responded so far.
Social Insurance
benefits,
however, continue to be paid to the relatively

small number of Turkish Cypriots
provided they present themselves
registration
takes place.
122,

It

Government's
functioning

should be mentioned

livingin Limassol,SFama&ota, Iarnaca and Kyrenia,
at the local Employment Exchanges wherethat

the breakdown

Greek Cypriot and Turkish
of social welfare actltities,

persons, payments to families
to children's
horees %',r,dboys'of communications

Cypriot officials
such as public

between thehas also disrupted theassistance to destitutewith whom children are boarded out and payments
hostels.
The fact that my persons of/ ...

s/5950

EnglishPage jjr.
verylimitedmeans have theirpurchasing

non-receiptof old-age
great hardship.

and widows'

The functioningof - the Law Courts

C.

(5.)

The functioning

power so seriously

pensions

reducedthroughto which they are entitledand the administration

thehas causedof justiceof the courts

Nicosia123.

As explainedin my report of 15 June 1964, one of the greatest
impediments
to the proper functioningof the Courts of Law and to a restorationof the normal'adniinistrationof justicearose from the fact that the Courts of Justice building
was situatedwithinthe Turkish Cypriot sector of Nicosia.
Throughout
the period
under review the Courts of Justice building
has not been available
to the Government.
The High Court, .the Ministryof Justice and the Department of the Attorney-General
have, as a result,been handicapped by their inability
to have recourse to therecords and the libraryhoused in the Law Courts building.
~24.
During the last few weeks, specificfiles
or records relating
to a few
matters which have come up before the Supreme Court have been brought, through
UNFICYP good. offices,from the Law Courts'buildingin the Turkish
Cypriot sector
to the building
which the Iaw Courts are temporarily
using in the Greek Cypriot
sector.
necessary

Individual
Turkish Cypriot judges have, whenever it has been found
for them to do so, come and attended to their duties,
through arrangements
made by UNFICYP.
For the rest , purely Turkish
Cypriot cases have been institutedand disposed of in the Turkish Cypriot
sector without any reference
to the Commanderof the Cypriot
Police or the Department of the Attorney-General.
325.
As indicatedpreviously,
the Government had proceeded with its decision to
designateanother building
for use as the Law Courts building
in order to facilitatea return
to normality
in the functioningof the Courts
1adjoins
the Headquartersof UNFICYP civilian
personnel,

in Nicosia.
This building
close to the Green Une.

It was selectedby the Ministerof Justice as giting the maximum personal security
to Turkish
Cypriot
citizens
attendingcourt and as causing least inconveniencetom~3:cpp in -providing
transport
and escort if and when necessary.

I
1

l

.

.

‘;;;50
i,j,ishqs9.50

Emglish

A

!I 63
!,I/
,);I'
:jt1;1:jPage 35

he126.
The Ministerof Justice has requested , and the Force Commander has agreed,
to provide URSICYP protectionand escort for Turkish Cypriot judges, lawyers,$s sod'I
Lpp ShOl

Court staff and witnesses attending
the new Law Courts building
the Court, if and until
such escorts are considered necessary.

,I 2sent"ld be
:snt
',
&oppe
;;:
'.
';A
;j;o
.!1;,
' the
t,,
;

for the business of
It is hoped thatafter the firstfew weeks of the functioningof the Courts in the new 'buildingthesense of personal insecurityof the Turkish Cypriot citizens concerned will
progressively
diminish until Turkish Cypriot judges, lawyers and witnesses are ina position
to travel
back and forth by themselves without any fear, as is now
the case in some of the provincial
towns, such as Limassol.
The question of the positionof Turkish Cypriot police personnel, who
127,
refuse to acknowledge the authorityof the Ministryof the Interiorand still
regardthemselves
workingas a "separate"of the above arrangements.

The rest
128.
returnPoliceForce, remains a serious obstacle to a smoothThis subject is more fully considered below.

i CYPT" argeof the island

In the other towns there
to the normal
functioning

has been marked and discernible
progress towardsof the Law Courts.
The cases which requiredtrial
by Turkish Cypriot judges under the Constitution
since the December 1963 events by reason of the failureaand which had been pendingof Turkish Cypriot judges

to attend Courts situatedin the Greek Cypriot sectors of the towns, are now being
taken up.
A majorityof the summary trials
have been concluded, and thepreliminary
enquiries
into the more serious offences have also been finalized.
129.

This improvement

has been the direct

resultof the role played by UNXCYP.

On the one hand, UNFICYP ensured to Turkish Cypriot judges who had refused totravelto Law Courts in Greek Cypriot sectors of the cities on the ground of fear
for their personal security,
complete safety by escorting them in UNFICYP veh-icles.
On the other,

UNFICYP persuaded the Judges of the High Court and the Ministry
Of/
the Interior
to take all necessary steps to prevent any harassment or humiliation
Of Turkish Cypriot judges by 'Cypriot police personnel at checkpoints on the main
roads and thus remove one of the principal
reasons given by Turkish Cypriot judges
for their reluctanceto travel,i. :'-.i:,.L:.
i .&:a.

,I as E*j[ suc!~‘<"is ix
enced,'Y1
f,l Na‘t;
i*@rn.e
i;
+r>
:!,"
'D
P
&ward
$I
$1
&is in:p
4rtt of
^I!
$
I"!
,,i/
$i$-&
$j
I'i .
pl,
;;
$ecur
$
t
<;,,
'it
f$.encs/5950
EnglishPage 36130# It is heartening
to report
and the Ministryof the Interior

that co*.operation
between UNFICYP, the High Court
has produced a practicalworking scheme to ensure

the complete freedom of movement of all judges throughout
the island without let or
Each member of the Cyprus judiciaryhas been issued with anhindrance.
identification
card and the Ministryof the Interior'has given instructions
to theCypriot police that on productionof these indentification
cards judges should not
be questioned or delayed, nor their vehicles
searched or checked.,

132.6 As a resultof this arrangement,
which has been in operation
since earlyAugust, most of the Turkish Cypriot District
judges have been attending
their
The District
Courts have been
Courts to perform their judicial
functions.
functioningin Kyrenia, Famagusta, Iarnaca,
L,imassol and Ktima.
General132.

observations

Althoughsome positive

results.have been achieved with regard to the returnare stillencounteredof Turkish Cypriot judges to the Law Courts, difficulties
regardingservice of summons on Turkish Cypriot accused and witnesses and theirattendance in Courts situated outside their sectors.
Of133. A serious impediment to a complete return to the normal functioning

the Courts of Law is the anomalous positionof the Turkish Cypriot police persOnne1.
The question of whether or not they are members of the Police Force of the Republic'has been one of the most vexing politicaldisputes between the two communities.
The Government has taken the position
that no police officer
or policeman
regarded as a member of the Police Force of the Republic until and unless

can beheacknowledges the authority,ofthe Government by submitting
to the controlof theMinistry
0% the Interiorand carryingout instructions
issued by the Commander Of
the Police Force.
Turkish Cypriot police personnel
refusing
to do so are
therefore
regarded as challenging
the Government authority
and thereby deprivingThethemselves of the right to recognitionby the Courts of Law of the kpuKLic.
fact that Turkish Cypriot police personnel have been wearing on theircap badges
the national
symbol of Turkey is regarded by the Government as evidence of theirloyalty to a foreign country, justZfyfug
treatmentof them as 'insurgents".

134.

Quite apart from the legal question of the validity
now being performed by Turkish Cypriot police personnel,
attendinga Court of Law to give

evidence

relatingof any police
even the matterto investigations

functionsof theiror police.

functions
performed by them in cases which had occurred prior to the December 1963
events,(i.e. when they were members of the Police Force of the Republic) has raiseddlfflcultissues.
There L.s, therefore,
littleprospect of the Courts, throughout
the Island,
being able to dispose of those cases pending at the time tiolence
erupted last December, in which Turkish
of investigations.
135
policel

Cypriot

policeofficers

had been in charge

The difficultyis that the question of the status of the Turkish Cypriot
personnel is one stemming from politicalconsiderations and relates tobasic ett’c&I%Ies taken by both the Government and the Turkish Cypriot leadersregardingtheir ultimate politicalobjectives.
(ii)
136.

Administration

It is gratifying
inter-communal
violenceof Justice
to record that throughout the politicalcrisis andin the island the members of the country’s judiciary,

both

Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot, have to a Large degree succeeded in maintaining,as far as is humanly possible, the objectivity
and detachment that their high officedemands.
In the day-to-day administrationof justice, judges have given a valuable
example in addressing themselves exclusively
to the matters before them and in
Lo uphnl.d the rule of Law and t0 perform
endeavouring
under $rying conditions,
their. judicial
functions without fear 01 favour.
137.
The administrationof justice, meaning the enforcement of law under judicial
directionand in accordance with the judicial
process, has, of coursel been facedwith certain practicaldifficulties,
particularly
in “mixed cases” in which the
The satisfactory
results of UNF’ICYF’ts
Ptiiesbelong to different
communities,
efforts
to facilitate
the sitting of Courts with “mixed benches” has to some extent
been rendered futfleby the fact that mIxed cases which had arisen prior to
21 December 1963, cannot still be taken up for hearing (except the minor cases suchas traffic
offences, where ex-parte proceedings are in order) by reason of the
non-attendancein Courts of Turkish

Cypriot

policeofficers

and witnesses*

Witnesses have come to testify
in Courts uf 3aw in some of the towns w.ith greaterof the Cypriot
Police Of thefrequency
during the recent months, under protection
It is, as already observedarea, and therefore
constitute no serious problem.
’ above, the question of the Turkish Cypriot police personnel which has proved
lntra ctabl.e.
/ ..*

138.

There

has sprung up recently

a most unfortunate

practice

both on the part of
There have been a

the Cypriot Police and of the Turkish Cypriot police personnel,
large number’ of cases where Turkish Cypriots have been arrested by the Cyprus Police
on charges in one way or another connected with the present situationin the Island
fire arms without a licence,attempting
or conspiring
to(for example, carrying
overthrow the lawful
Government of the Republic by use of violence,attempted
smuggling of arms and ammunition from one Turkish Cypriot area to another,etc.).
In several
cases where judges using their judicial
discretion
have either
139.
acquitted

them or released

them on bailpendingtrial,

the Cypriot

Policehave

immediately
re-arrested
them as they were leaving the precinctsof the Court forsuch conduct by the police is open to the inference
that
other alleged offences.
UNFICYP has therefore
invitedtheit is motivated by non-legal
considerations.
Government’s attention
to the need to ensure that the Police enforce the law properly
and fal rly .
140. Turkish Cypriot police personnel in the Turkish Cypriot sector of Nicosia have
There are at present
also during the recent past begun to follow this practice.
seiren tiersons in Turkish Cypriot police custody (5 Greek Cypriots and 2 Greeks)“arrested”
by Turkish Cypriot police and held purportedly
under cover of legal
The Turkish Cypriot leaders and police haveprocess, but in reality
as hostages.
treated with contempt the orders of release of these persons made by the Supreme
UNFICYP made every effort
to persuade
Court after hearing appeals on their behalf.
the Turkish Cypriot leaders to ensure compliance by the Turkish Cypriot police
officers
with the Supreme Court orders, but to no avail.

141.

Apart from bringing
the administration
practiceby both sides has led to vindictive
circle of hostage-taking
under the pretenseof justice into dzlsrepute, thisaction a,nd encouraged a whole viciousof arrest and custody according to law.

The above cases indicatethat the administrationof justice is still
being perverted
On both sides for reason of political
retribution
and for strengthening
their
It would, therefore,
appear that, however much th4
respective
bargaining
positions,
Judiciary
and those exclusively
concerned with upholding the integrityof the COu’%s
may try to protect
the institutionsof justice and of law, the determining
factors
are in the last resort the decisionsof politicalleaders taken only with a view topolitical
advantage.
UNE’ICYP will,
nevertheless,continue, wherever possible and.
whenever it considers its role kap’bleof constructive
results,
to use its best
efforts
to help in a return to normal functioningof the Courts of Justice and to.the restoi?atidn:a$‘the rule .af law i:
/ *..

D.

Missing

Persons

142.. In my report of 15 June 1964, ‘I indicated that as of 8 June, a total of483 ‘Turkish Cypriots and 52 Greek Cypriots were reported as missing, As a resultof intensive
searches effected since then, ‘carried out with the assistance of
UNFICYP and the International

Committee of the Red Cross, ‘Zjl Tukish

Cypriots
j!
):,_
j. j
.I:_ j’and 9 Greek Cypriots have been found, It may be noted that among these persons
a number had never been abducted, but had simply left their normal places ofresidence
missing

there

to live with relatives
or friends elsewhere. Among those who remain
are many persons who disappeared during the December 1963 events, andseems little
hope of finding them alive.
The same may be said of all those

who were abducted

after

the Famagusta incidentof 11 May 1964,

143. The above figurescoincide with the lists of missing persons recently. givenby the Cyprus Government and the Turkish Cypriot leaders.
According to theGovernment,
there were as of 1 September 43 missing persons of whom 38 were
4 Britishnationals and one German. The list established by the
Greek Cypriots,‘Turkish Cypriots puts the number of Turkish Cypriots still missing at 232. UHWXP
and the ICFE are continuing
their efforts to trace these missing persons.
14.4. As regards the larger question of general security, UIWICYP has exerted its
best efforts
to improve the situation
within the terms of its mandate, but little
The increase of tension which reached a new
reSLiL%has been achieved so far.
high with the Tylliria
fighting,
and the economic restrictions
imposed by thethe aCt'iOn Of mm
Government on the Turkish Cypriots, have made more difficult
As indicatedearlierin this report, UNFICYP continues to easer
in this field.
theprotection

E.

Postalof persons to the extent of its means.
Services

145. One calamitous result of the disturbances of December 1963 was the partial
Wit;h thisbreakdown of postal services affecting,in the first place, Nicosia,
can be linked the non-deliveryof large numbers of parcels
whichan
21. December 1963 were ‘either in the North Branch Post Office or in customs
The Chief Post Office
Warehouses in the Turkish Cypriot Sector of Nicosk
of &amps, postal orders and stores alsobuildingwith the main national
Stocksis locatedin that

Sector,r.

EnglishPage 40

146. pending ~reement on the full restoration
has, since 25 April 1964, sent no internationalof postal services,
the Governmentor domestic correspondenceoracross to the Turkish Cypriot Sector of Nicosia.

parcels, except for one category,The exception is the monthly batch of postal warrants representing
civil
retirement
pensions of those who receive them in that form. Following

service

representations
by UNFICYP, when Turkish Cypriots raised this problem in May, thellepartment of posts agreed without delay to separate these warrants for April andMay from the rest of the detained mail and they have continued to be sent at thecorrespondence continues to be brought
end of each month, As reported previously,
daily by UNFXYP from the Post Office in the Turkish Cypriot sector of Nicosia
to the new Chief Post Office in the Greek Cypriot sector for onward despatch.
147. Each side feels compelled to hold considerable amounts of property belonging
to great numbers of individuals(correspondence on the one side and on the otheran unknown number of parcels which may have escaped being looted during the
disturbances
or afterwards),
until a plan to restore services is agreed upon.
the extreme inconvenience to exporters and importersandThe personal anxieties,
the material
loss resuLting from this situation,need not be stressed here.
$48. UNFICYP has engaged in long and intensive negotiations
aimed at the full
restorationof postal services.
As indicated in my report of 15 June, a revised
set of ten proposals was submitted by UNFICYP to the Government and to the Turkish
Cypriot leaders on 25 May, A plan embodying a few modificationsof these wasreceived from the Government on 17 June and a not dissimilar
set of proposals fromthe Turkish Cypriot leadership on X8 June,
149. After further
discussions with all concerned, UNFICYF sent to the Government
and to the Turkish Cypriot leaders on 30 June a new set of proposals which it
On 14 JUry, a reply
wasbelieved to be the most realistic
and reasonable.
received from the Turkish Cypriot spokesman, With one or two minor changes andon@ of some substance it accepted all points of the UNFZXP plan, including
It also accepted thearraQZ@m@nts for the disposal of correspondence and parcels.
~~
formula for solving the contentious question of salaries for Turkish
Cypriot Postal Officials
but included a proposal to retain certain funds in asuPem
aeCou& until the whole problem of postal officials’salaries w;~s settled,

/

.

I

.

s/5950

En&i shPage 41
The Government has not yet replied to the proposal despite UNF’ICYP
representations,150. Apart from the Turkish Cypriot sector of Nicosia, the town of Lefka and a
postalnumber of Turkish Cypriot village s near Nicosia and in the north-west,
services to Turkish Cypriots,
the Directorof Posts assures, are fur?ctiOning~omlally.
1%. In light of the great impatience of both sides to settle this question andof the fact that their views on how this should be done are not far apart, it isof UNFICYP, tohoped that a solution
will be found soon, with the good offices
bring about the f&.1 restorationof these vital
national
services.

F.

Government

Properties

152. Most of the main Government stores are situatedin or near the Omorphita areaof Nicosia which was a no-men’s land during the December 1963 disturbances.
Duringthat period and in several instances since then the buildings
themselvessufferedConsiderable
damage. Their contents and equipment, such as machinery stored in
the grounds, have apparently
been much reduced by looting,Since these storescover a good deal of ground and lie between fortified
the risk of looting
is still
present.
153. As national
assets of such value called,forin May 1964 a detailed
survey of the following

furtherstores:posts of the opposing

sides,

protection,
UNFICYP madeCyprus Telecommunications

Authority,
Seed Cleaning Plant, Grain Commission Store, Public Works Department,
Administration
Store.
Water Development Department, Forest Depar-tment and District
structurally
intactand its contents
The first
was found to be in good condition,
The remainder had suffered more or less heavily
fromapparently
undisturbed.
structural
damage or looting,offices and records were in complete disorderandthere were several considerable
fire hazards.
1%. A plan for making the second category of,buildings
and what was left of theircontents more’ secure, which could have been done within an estimated two weeks,
Was prepared by UNFICYP and submitted to the Government and to the Turkish Cypriot
stated they would accept it provided
Turkishleaders in early June, The latter
Cypriot workmen were employed,$0 reply has been received as yet from theGovernment.
/

.

.I

s/5950

EnglishPrige 42
155, uE\IIFfCYi?has mde particularefforts to have work resumed in the Seed Cleaning
Plant because of its importance for both communities in the economic life of Cyprus.
After inspection by the Government and by Turkish Cypriot representativesof theextent to which machinery was damaged, UNFICYP began in April 1964 negotiations
with representativesof the Government and the Turkish Cypriot community. Since
the plan-t is in a sensitive area where both parties wished their authority
toprevail,political
considerations
prevented agreement on the employment of workers
for repairs and maintenance.
Because of this the negotiations
have achieved no
positive results.
"UNFICYP maintains permanent guard over the plant but no further
steps have bean taken from the Cypriot side towards restarting
work.
G.

Agriculturalproblems

156, The main problem to which UNFXCYPhas devoted its

attentionin theagricultural
field concerns harvesting.
In the present atmosphere of tension the
farmers of one community, whether Greek or Turkish Cypriots, are reluctant
to work
their fields if these are located near or inside an area controlled
by the othercommunity, because of the feelingof insecurity
and the fear of being shot or
abducted. Suitable arrangements have to be made in each case to allow agriculturalactivities
to continue.
This was particularly
important at the time of harvesting.
157. As indicated in my report of 15 June, UJWICYI?, through appropriatearrangements, had been able to ensure the safety of harvesters where the fieldsof one community adjoin those of the other for the harvesting of wheat and barley,
which are the.main grain crops of the island.
This harvesting was completed in
the first part of July.
158, Arrangements were also made to enable farmers to have their crops harvested
in areas outside their community which had been abandoned. However, in manycases .these fields had been illegally
harvested before the arrangements'couldbecarried out and this resulted in substantial
losses for the owners, mainly
Turkish Cypriots, in abandoned areas. UNFICYP has continued to press for the
Payment to the owners for the grain or its return in the case of unauthorized
harvesting,
Lists by villages
compiled by UNFICYP showing the extent ofunauthoriaod harvestingand
grazed crops were given to government authorities
for/ .. ,

s/5950
EnglishPage 43
thetlraction.

However,in spiteof uNFICYP*s efforts,mahe in this matter as the Government has not yet arrived%o farmers
regardingcompensation or economic assistanceareas.
159* During

the month of August,

Suitablearrangements
September, of carobs,

ul%WXP devoted

for the harvesting,olives and grapes

no progresshas been

,,:
/ '8
,;

at any decisions
in abandoned or troubled

much effort

to arrive

!:j
/:
8.:i

at

to take place in Late Awust andin adjoining,
mixed or abandoned areas,

In this connexion, UNFEY‘P attempted to arrange <joint meetings between Greek
The
and Turkish Cypriots to discuss arrangements
for gathering
these harvests+
Government, however, w-as opposed to this procedure and instead made ita own
arrangements
for t& harvestingof carobs and other croPs.
2%. These arrangements provided
that any citizenof Cyprus was free to proceedwith the harvestingof the crops he owned. The Government forces would assure,safety of both Greek and Turkish Cypriot f'amms as
if necessary, the personal
1-t was also stressed that UNFiCyP was free to
W@ll as the safety of their crops.
take independent measues.toensure that no Turkish Cypriot, lawfully
llarvesting
his own property,
was hazmed fn any way.
161. The Turkish Communal Chamber doubted that Turkish Cypriot farmers
bxvesttheir crops freely
and safely under the Government arrangements

I,1'
I;j.:'
,I1:
' :,

Cotid
and

requested UNF1Cy.P to ensure that Greek and Turkish Cypriot armed perSOnnq1
would
It also requested that protection
be removed from the harvestingarrangements.
be given only by UNFICYP and that farmers in both communities be properly
compensated for any unlawful. harvesting.
162. UNFIC~P Zone Commanders made necessary arrangements at the district@xtendingadequate-protection

to farmers

duringthe carob harvests.

level,,I:I'
I'
:i,I:
':I

iI"jj!
I.
:'!1/
.,

for

These

arrangements worked out smoothly thanks to the presence and action of UNFICYP,
althoughsome abandoned areas had been illegally
harvested before the date Set
U!!@ICYP negotiatedlocal agreements, provided
escorts andfor the harvesting.
guards as required
and generally
used its good offices
to iron out any difficulties
that had arisen.
On the whole, the hasvqst,ofcarobs, an important
export Crop,
provideda good example of the co-operation
which could be obtained between
communities having mutual interests
through the help provided by U'NYICX?. It
iS hoped that there will
be no difficulties
in connexion with the other two crops.
/ .‘.

i.
:'I'
i'i
,:,
(/,!I,i(."l!i.:,I

EnglishPage 44163. Another poblem
dealtwith by UNl?ICYP was the maintenanceof citrus
orchards
belongingto Greek or Turkish Cypriots who had left their villagesor haddiffictities
in reaching their orchards.
As described in my report of 15 June
surveys were made by UNFICYP with the help of United Nations Food and Agriculture
Organization(l?AO) experts stationed
in Cyprus to determine the conditionof trees
and the irrigationequipment required.
Arrangements were made by UNFIXYP withthe local authorities
and representativesof citrus orchard owners regarding
measures to provide
for irrigationand minimum cultivationneeded to save theorchards,
includingthe use of mobile pumps, inspections
and financing,Thesearrangements
worked out fairly
satisfactorily.
The first
irrigationof orchards
was completed at the beginningof July in Lefka and in the Tylliria
area.
164. One of tine general difficulties
was the collection
and transfer
of money forthe payment of this work but, wherever feasible,
UNFICYP patrols,particularly
those in the Nicosia and Paphos zones were used, both in collecting
money from.
the owners and transferring
funds to the irrigators.

165. UNFICYP also made considerable
obtainingefforts
during the period to assist farmers into purchase spare parts and fuel for the operationofthe authorization

agriculturalequipment,
But only limited
results

particularly
irrigation
were obtained regarding

pumps in Turkish Cypriot areas.
the purchase of fuel forcommunities in the north west of the Island and orchards sufferedconsiderably.
After the impositionof economic restrictions,
it became practically
impossible
in certain areas to obtain fuel for this work and even the purchase of
agricul.txral
spare parts was often prohibited.
H.

Local

and export

markets

166. Trade and marketing

like other economic activities
on the Island,
have been
adversely
affectedby the events of the past eight months and.UNFICYP has
endeavcured to help alleviate
the difficulties
that have arisen in this field.

167. As regards

local marketingof agricultural
products,
while Greek Cypriot
farmers have been able fully
to dispose of their products,
Turkish Cypriot
farmers have encounteredserious difficulties.
In order to alleviate
some oftheir difficulties,
arrangements
were made in May 1964, through UNFICYP's good

/

l

.

.

s/5950
EnglishPage 4-5
offices,
crops.

for the delivery
The Implementationof the remaining
stock of the 1.963 wheat and barleyof these arrangements
was delayed by certain ,technical

":,
(.,
li.
ii\
//j!

difficulties
such as lack of transportfacilities
and the restrictions
on themovement on roads.
HotJever, with the assistanceof UNFICCYP, it Was Possible by'the end of July to effect the deliveryof all 1963 stocks to the C?@r'us Grain
Commission's
stores in the various districts,
especiallyfrom areas which were
undel: Turkish Cypriot control.
168. Negotiations
were also inj.tiatedconcernin, v arrangements for the delivery
The Grain Comission
Of the 1964 crops but no agreement has as yet been reached.
was unwiUAng to appoint the Turkish Cypriot Co-operative
Societies as its agent
it was impossible
to exercise
on the ground that under the present circumstances
the co~ission
any control
over them, Furthermore,
GYPriot Co-operative
Societies
should clear theirinsisted
1963

that the Turkish

liability

beforefor the 1964 crop deliverY
could be agreed upon. It proposed thatof liabilities
shoud either-be
paid with the equivalent
Value
ii-2
When the question
be settled by grain deliveries
from the 1964 crops.

arrangements
the balancecash, orof financial

guarantees

arose,

the Co&s&on

requesteda joint

undertakingbyaI-1 Turkish Cypriot Co-operative
Societies
instead of a guarantee by the Turkish
On the other@FriOtCo-operative
Bank as suggested by the Turkish C;VpriOt
side.
hand, the representativesof the Turkish Cypriot Co-operative
Bank and Societies
insistedon the settlementof compensation for the grain illegally
harvestedby
before any further
Greek Cy-priot farmers in the Turkish Cypriot farmers 1 fields,
In view of these opposing
step for the 1964 crop delivery
cotid be taken.
positions,no decision was reached and consequently
no arrangements
for thedeliveryof the 1,944. crops from the Turkish Cypriot farmers to the Grain COmmjssion
Qm the basis of the subsidized price could be agreed upon. However, negotiationsarepresent

going

on and UNFICYJ? continues
deadlock.

to lendits

good offices

in Order to breakthe169..Regarding
the export of agricultural
products,
the total value of exPorts
in 1963-1964 exceeded that of the previous
year, but certain
quanti-ties
ofProducts
from the Turkish Cypriot producing
areas could not reach the foreign
markets,owing mostly to technicaldifficulties
such as restrictionof movement

on

/

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.

.

,,u “, .i
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$3950
EnglishPage 46
roads,~r@Icyp,

in co-operation

with the ($priot
police,exports from the Turkishwith the Ministryof Commerce and Industry

andfacilitatedthe arrangements for Citrus and Strawberry
Cypriot Co-operative
Societies in the Limnitis
area.

Accently, IJNFICYP arranged meetings between the representativesof the Greek andTurkish Cypriot Co-operative
Societies in which the Government policy for themarketing of agricultural
products was fully discussed and practicalarrangements
ltEU%. There seemed to be a willingness
to co-operate in marketing locallyandexporting the forthcoming production of Turkish and Greek Cypriot farmers,such
as citrus,
carobs, almond olives, grapes and tobacco.
170, Finally,
UNFICYP also negotiated and facilitatedthe removal from several
large stores of essential and durable goods belonging to persons of either
community to their respective sectors in Nicosia and elsewhere, as well as theremoval of goods from stores and shops located near the Green Line. Unfortunately,
there had been extensive looting and thefts by irresponsible
persons from both
COmmuvlities in some of these premises before the goods were removed.
171. The progress made by U!XFICYP in its efforts
to restore business activitiesorto help remove stocks and goods from endangered areas was recently halted, as aconsequence of the economic restrictions
imposed by the Government on the Turkish
Cypriot community in certain areas since last July.
I,

Industry

172, One consequence of the disturbed situationin the island and of therestrictions
imposed on the movement of persons and goods was that many plants
owned by members of one community but located in the sector controlled
by theother could no longer function.
This not only caused hardship and financial
loss
to the owner8 but also adversely affected the economic activitiesof the country.
Since its arrival,
UNFICYP has been giving attention to this problem, mainly inthe area of Nicosia,
173. As a result of negotiations
undertaken by UNFICYP, the Greek Cypriot cold
stores for the production of ice, which are located in the Turkish Cypriot sector,
were reopened,
Arrangements were made for the removal of some machinery fromseveralGreek Cypriot

plantsin the Turkish

Cypriot

sectorwhich werebroughttos/5950
EnglishPage ,J+7
Arrangements were also made for the maintenance andthe, Greek Cypriot sector.
Following
discussions
arranged by UNFICYP
repairsof some other such plants.
between Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot representatives,an agreement Was
as well as Turkish Cypriot 1abOUrerS
were
hired
reached whereby Greek Cypriot
to work in Greek Cypriot

plantsin Turkish

Cypriot?Poviaed by UBFICYP to bring the Greek Cypriot

sectors,

and eSCOrt wasrepresentations
by U!J@ICYP on this matter, that operations
should be
However,allowedto resume in the two Turkish Cypriot brick and tile plantsboth plants have been almost completely looted.
UNFICYP tried to help trace the
BYmissing machinery but was only partiallysuccessful
in this endeavour.
the owner of one of the plants
agreement with the Greek Cypriot business co~~ity
creditfromfor which no machinery could be traced was compensated and received
the Greek Cypriot merchants to buy new machinery abroad.
175. In addition,
UNFICYP used its good officesin the negotiations
andanimportantarrangements
for the reopening of the Cyprus Mines Corporation,miningcompany. This company, which mines and exports copper and iron ores and.
the December events
concentrates
in the north west of the island,
employed before
a labour force of about 2,400, of whom approximatelyl,@O were Greek'C;ypriots
On
13
Cyril
lg64,
the
mines
of Skouriotissa
andand 1,000 Turkish Cypriots.
Navrovauni.
were reopened and work was also resumed at its mining, maintenancethere wereloading
installationsat Xeres.
At the time of the reopening,andapproximately
2,000 workers, of whom 80 per cent were Greek Cypriots.
in the negotiations
for the reopening
176. UNFICYP also lent its good offices
did not lead $0 any
two lime plants in the Kyrenia area but the negotia;ti.onsofJ.

Welfaremainlyof displaced

because of the tension
persons

prevailingand rehabilitation

:’

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following

result,'>j I':
1
II,‘
) ,f
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:
8)
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:‘,I

1%. Arrangements were made for machinery and materials
from a number of Turkish
039riot
plants located outside the Turkish Cypriot sector of Nicosia to be moved
back into that sector,
In the suburb of Omorphita the Government agreed,

positive,:‘j!

\. :$ 1';'
-,,
;r '.

back and forth.

labourers

I$,L'!!:,. :'I
!
II
:
(!'
1, ::,
I, ,?
,( :,
.~ :,
i.', 8.,(
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in the area,of housingof December
17’7. As indicatedin my report of 15 June 1964, the disturbances
had resulted
in the total or partial
destructionof many dwellings,
a high1963/ . s.

/::/
1

s/5950
EnglishPage 4.3
proportionof them simple homes whose owners would be but slightly
able to fend
for themselves.
This tended in many localities
to create or to aggravatearefugee problem, as the owners of these houses and their families
fled to safer
areas where many of them lived in temporary camps in precarious
conditions.
178. Serious efforts
were made by UNFICD to induce refugees from the Omorphita
suburb of Nicosia to return from camps a few miles away to houses which could atleast be partiallyoccupied.
About half of these refugees would have been readyto do this but feared for their personalsafety.
179. In refugee
camps near iVicosia many hundreds of children
livingin crowded
temporary quarters
and exposed during the great heat of the summer months to therisk

of dehydration

survived

without

seriousillness

partlybecause an UNFICYP

architectand militaryengineersplanned and, with loce.1 help, built provisionalmatting roofs 'to give shelter
from the sun as well as open air showers .
180. UNFICYF' carriedout a detailed
survey of all damage to properties
throughout
the island during the disturbances,including
the Tylliria
fighting,
It shows
that in 109 villages,
most of them Turkish Cypriot or mixed villages,
527 houses
have been destroyed while 2,000 others have suffereddamage from looting.
In
Ktima 38 houses and shops have been destroyed totallyand 122 partially,In theOmorphita suburb of Nicosia 50 houses have been totally
destroyed while a further
240 have been partiallydestroyed there and in adjacent suburbs.
181. The resultsof the survey are set forth in great detail in a report which
was recently
submitted by UNFICP to both the Cyprus Government and the Turkish
C~ypriot leaders,
The reportconcludes that in the light of what has happened andof the desirabilityof im.roving
the qualityof housing, there is a clear necessity
for preparing
a general national
housing plan which should be integrated
with asocial and economic development plan for Cyprus.
The plan would aim at rebuilding
the destroyed housing and public buildings
and also at improving housing especiallyin rural areas where the situation
is described as rather criticalregardingwater,
sanitary
servicesand the qualityof roofs and floors.
The report further
suggests
the desirabilityof formulatinga national
housing rehabilitation
programme.
182. The problem of displaced
persons has also another aspect which relates
tomedical assistance.
In many Turkish Cypriot villages,
crowded by the arrivalofdisplaced
persons,
there is an acute shortage of medical facilities,/ ...

some medical assistance and relief
to the Turkish Cypriot
comm-unity in these villages,
especiallyin the transportationof seriously
illpersons.
*s the UPJFICYPmedical team is fully occupied tJith their normal duties,
IJLNFICYP requested the ICRC to send some Physicians in order to provide
urgentmedical assistance,
esPecially 'co isolated Turkish Cypriot villages,
TWO
x83=

IJIWKX+

has

given

International
Red Cross doctors arrived
in Cyprus in mid-Julyand UJjFICyp isgivingthem all Possible assistance, particularly
in regard to transportation
andmedicalsupplies.
It is expected that the International
Red Cross medical teamWill work out, with the Government and the Turkish Cypriot leaders,arrangements
for allowing Turkish Cypriot doctors to be established
TurkishK.

Cypriot

villages

Improvement(i>of public

and to visit

isolatedpractical
in importantvillages.

facilitie?

Il-t;ima

184. As a consequence of the events of December 1963, the electricity

and water

suppli&and the telephone service in the Turkish Cypriot sector of Ktima wereinterrupted
early in 1964. An agreement concluded between the Cyprus Governmentof mJFICyP,and the Turkish Cypriot leaders early in March, before the arrival
but it had not been implemented.
providedfor the restorationof these facilities,
The Turkish Cypriot sector WELS therefore
deprived of electricity
and telephoneserviceand the water supply, while not completely StopPea, Was frequentlyI1interrupted,
185. Shortly

after

its

in fees with the district

its arrfv-eJ UNFICYP used its good offices in order to restore
This was achieved by mid-May, but the Water SX@-Y W&z
fullythese facilities.
restored
only on the understandingthat the Turkish Cypriot community WouJ-d sett1earrears

office before 1 June*
186. Difficulties
in this regard arose early in August because the Turkish Cypriots
refusedto pay the fees and consequently,
despite uIQ?ICYJJ'efforts,
the water
supply to the Turkish Cypriot sector was cut Off again on 5 August- UNFICYP took
the matter up with the CJTEUS Government and on 18 August agreement was reached
to restore
the water supply, on a humanitarianbasis) after my Special
Represent&iveof the bills

undertook the responsibility
for future water consumption

was restored

the foXLowing

day.

of finaing a Way for the settlement
in Ktima. Consequently the water supply
/ ,a.

P

(ii)

N'lcosia187. While there has been no difficulty
concerning the electricity
supply to theTurkish.Cypriot
sector of Nicosia,
the operationof the Electricity
Authorityof Cyprus in that sector has been paralysedsince January 1964, As indicatedin
my report of 15 June, UNFICYP had arranged several meetings between the Greek andTurkish Cypriot members of the EX! Board of Directors,
but no visible
progresshad been made, Since that report,
furthernegotiations
have taken place with thegood officesof UNFICYP, but again without achieving
positive
results,

w5950EnglishPage 51lm..

ECONOMIC RESTRICTIONS

188. Among the problems to which UNFICYP has devoted its attention,
the questionof economic restrictions
is of special importance both because of the hardship
imposed on the Turkish Cypriot community and of the effectit may have on themaintenance of law and order on the Island.
A.

Situation

until

mid-July1964

189. Ever since the outbreakof violenceon 21 December 1963, a varietyofwhich were described in my report of J-5 June have been imposed upon
The isolationof the Turkish Cypriot
community, due to the
Cypriots.

restrictions
the Turkish
restrictions
placedon their movement on the roads, brought hardshipon themembers of the community as well as serious disruptionsof thei‘r economic
UNFICYP made determined efforts
activities.
As indicatedearlierin this report,
to alleviate
those difficulties
in various
fields.
190. In addition
to losses incurredin agriculture
and in industry
during thefirstpart of the year, the Turkish community had lost other sources of its
income including
the salaries
of over 4,000 persons who were employed by the
Cyprus Government and by public and private
concerns located in the Greek Cypriot

,

:I
4
i

.

zones. The trade of the Turkish community had considerably
deciinedduring theand unemployment reached a very high level
period,due to the existing
situation,
Expenditureof
as approximately
25,000 Turkish Cypriots had beccme refugees.
the Turkish Communal Chamber on development and other projects,
as well as otherexpenditure,
had dropped considerably
as a yearly subsidy formerly
received
Furthermore,a large partfrom the Government had ceased to be granted in 1964,
of its remaining resources had to be used for unemployment relief
and other formsof compensation as approximately
half of the population
came to be on relief.
In accordance with figures published by the Turkish
Cypriot Communal Chamber,the number of persons receiving
some kind of assistancefrom the Red Crescentreliefamounted to about 56,000, including
25,000 displaced
persons,
23,500unemployed and 7,500 dependents of missing persons,disabled
and others.

/...

4',

13.

New restrictions

after

mid-July

191. Around the middle of July, at the time of the Temblos incident,
described
earlierin this report, the Government took two steps which served to impose
further
hardship on the Turkish Cypriot community. On 17 July, UNFICYP was
officiallyinformed that some twenty-fivearticleswere considered as strategic
materials,
the purchase of which by Turkish Cypriots was forbidden
without
These articles
included
special authorizationfrom the Ministry of the Interior.
cement, iron in bulk/ironrods, wire netting,electricalbuilding
materials,
equipment, transisU%i.zed and other batteries,
timber, large bags, automobile
accessories and parts, tyres, sulphur and other chemicals, as well as fuel in
Secondly, it imposed restrictions
on the importationoflarge quantities.
Red Crescent supplies for the reliefof the population.
192. Since December 1963, six shipments of emergency and relief
supplies had.
been sent from Turkey through the Red Crescent for distribution
by the Turkish
Ccmmunal Chamber. They consisted mostly of medical supplies,
flour and otherfoodstuffs.
The first five ships arrived before July 1964 and the supplies theybrought in wcrc unloaded and distributed
without difficulty.
Rut when the sixth
one arrived
on 15 July, obstructions
were placed on its unloading by the Government.
bly after a series of negotiations
initiated
by UNFICYP did the Government
authorize the free importationof some of the supplies brought in, while duty
had to be paid on others, and the remaining items were not allowed to enter thecountry at all, because they were considered as strategic
materials,
or wereitems produced in the country under subsidy.
As the Turkish Cypriot community
refused to pay duty on relief
supplies, the only supplies unloaded were thosewhich were exempt from duty. AS a result, only 390 tons out of a cargo of
900 tons could be unloaded.
The Government also insisted on control over the
distributionof the relief
supplies.
PerSiStent representations
made to theGovernment by WtE'ICyP and the International
unsuccessful.
In spite of ~IC~'seffortreliefsupplies throughout the country,
the movement of those convoys.

Committee of the Red cross wereto escort Red Crescent convoys carrying
obstructions
were frequently
placed on

I .*.

193. The Government's
new policy,
as explained by the Greek Cypriot authorities,
was a two-pronged
one. First,
it sought to afford facilities
and protection
tolaw-abiding
Turkish Cypriots
acknowledging
the rule of the State, and secondly
it was designed to deny all benefitsof Government services to "Turkish terrorists"and sympathizers

who rejected

Government

it had to forbid
the importationof certain
meet the needs of Turkish Cypriot fighters.
194. Leaders of the Turkish
nothingbut a determination

authority,
supplies

The Government explained thatas they might be used to

Cypriot community considered the new directivesof the Government to condemn them to starvation,asandDr. KY~cuk, the Vice Presidentof Cyprus, strongly protested against these policies.
195. Aware of the serious consequences that the Government measures could bringabout, UNF'ICYP drew the Governmentis
attention.tothe dangers which might result
from the impositionof additional
restrictions.
At the same time, in close
collaboration
with the International
Committee of the Red Cross, it worked out
arrangementswith the Government for the distributionof the alreadysupplies.
However, all its efforts
came to naught as fighting
broke

limitedout in'Pylliria
on 5-10 August and relief
to the Turkish Cypriot community vas stopped.
The shortage of food and other essentials
became particularly
criticalin thisarea and in the entire Paphos zone, and Zt was necessary for UNFICYI? and the ICRC,
on humanitarian
allow emergency
C.

grounds, to make renewed representations
to the Government
shipments of relief
supplies to Lefka and Kokkina.

to;after196. Immediately
after the Tylliria
fighting.andthe !Lu.rkish aSr strike,theGovernment
announced that it would cut all movement of supplies into the areas
Follow2ng
controlled
by Turkish Cypriots
in Nicosia,
Lefka, Kokkina and Limnitis.
convoys of food and other essential
supplies were prevented
this announcement,
If such severe measures had.. beenfrom reaching
their places of destination.
maintained,
untenable,

the situationof the beleaguered
Turkish Cypriots would have becomeand probably led them to resort to desperate and violent
action.
my Special Representative
and the Force Commander
197. In view of the foregoing,
expressed
theirserious misgivingsto the Government and warned that any increasein economic

restrictions

would only lead to severe

trouble.

Urgentdiscussions/ ..IIsh9soEnglishPage 54
were held both with the Governmeut and the Turkish Cypriot leaaershlp
in a further
effortto find a solutionof this vital
problem.
The Turkish Cypriots claimed
that they were being starved and the Greek Cypriots contended that the Turkish
Cypri.ots had enough food in store for many months to come, and that much of it
was going to Turkish fighters,
In view of the controversy,'UiTF'ICYP
carriedout
on 16 August a preliminary
survey of the situation
concerning food and otheres sential,supplies , covering
142 villages
and five cities of the Turkish Cypriot
population.
The survey showed, at the time, that more than 40 per cent of thevillages
had no flour,that some had bread for only a few days, that about
25 per cent of the villages
had flour for only one or two weeks, and that in any
event the flour would only last up to a month in the best of circumstances.
The
survey also showed that the need for‘milk
and dairy products,
rice and salt, wasacute, while kerosene was in extremely limited
supply.
Furthermore,
medicalattentionin villages
was notably low.
In the cities,
the survey showed that,
although the situation
was better
than in the villages,
it was deteriorating
rapidly.
One additional
factor brought out by UNF'1CyP's survey was that the
restrictions
had brought about a shortage of currency and that this was causing
unemployment and other hardships.
UlWIC$? also ascertainedthat the stock ofreliefsupplieson hand was extremely limited.
!I!he restrictions
imposed on
Turkish Cypriots,
therefore,
would bring severe hardship to them despite theagricultural
products
they could obtain from the resources of their own areas.
198. With this informationon hand, my Special Representative
and the Force
Commander appealed to the President
for an immediate relaxationof the restrictions.
In meetings with the President
and members of his Cabinet on 18 and 20 August, an
understanding
was reached which would substantLally
lessen restrictions
inNicosia,
Lefka and Kokkina, while in other Turkish Cypriot areas throughout
theIsland,includingLimnitis,
restrictions
were to be lifted
for all goods, withthe exceptionof strategic
materials
already mentioned in Section B above,
Duringthe discussions,
the Government had stated that they would have liftedallrestrictions
for Nicosia,
Lefka and Xokkina if the Turkish Cypriots had agreed
to open the roads they controlled
in those areas, including
the Kyrenia road.
The detailed
arrangements
for the implementationof this understanding
were to beworked out in further
discussions
between the Government and UNFJX!YP officials
with the assistanceof the International
Committee of the Red Cross.
/

-1yI;

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s/5950
EnglishPage 55
199. During
understandingof the ICRC.

further

discussion,

W&mprepareda detailed
plan of implementationof theby the Government and uI\TFIcyp, with the assistance

In short, 8, number Of essentIa1
food items such as flour,mia,
cooking oil, butter
or margarine,
pulses, potatoes,
frozen or fresh meat, sugar,
eC;gs and salt, as Well 63s kerosene and other fuels, would be allowed into therestricted
areas in determined
quantities,
whereas fresh vegetables
and fruits
and medical. supplies,
as WeII as aIcohoIic
beverages and women's and chiIdren!sclothing would have free entry.
'Ihe quantityof restricted
items was determinedby the Government on a weekly per caput basis and the International
Red Crossconsidered the caloric
value of this quantity
Oil the population
estimatesof the restricted
all possible
assistancein terms of escorts and transport

Would.

&fVe

was to begin'

reasonable,
Agreement was reachedareas except for Kokkina.
UNFICYP

for the implementationof the understanding
facilities,
etc.
The tiplementationof the planon 1 September.

200. Meanwhile, UR'FICYP, on the basis of the assurance given by the Government
regardingthe liftingof restrictions
concerning
the Turkish Cypriot areas otherthan Nicosia,
Leftkaand Kokkina, took stops to facilitate
the transportofessential
goods to.thoseareas.
Unfortunately,
obstructions
were stillencountered
On 2'7 August a Red Crescent convoy carrying
thirty-nine
tbns
at the local level.
of assorted foodstuffs
from Famagusta to the non-restricted
area of Ktima wasPart of it was allowed to proceed only
held up by Cypriot military
authorities.
ofafter strong protests
on the part of UNFICYP. ALSO & much-needed car-load
Red, Crescent supplies was kept from moving into Lefka on the same date.
201. In discussions
with my Special Representative,
the Vice President,
Dr* KUcuk,reported ffft;een
instancesof obstructions
to the arrangements made during the
He ,&-on&rquestioned
the Government's
right t0 impose
last week of August.
He also pointed out
severe restrictions
on an importantsector of the population.
that to make food supply conditionalon the liftingby Turkish Cypriots of therestrictions
on movement now existingin their areas was unacceptable
to him,as it would prcjmdiee
issues that were an essential
part of an ultimate
politicai
settlement.
202. m sp&ial
stillmade by its

Representative
officials

protested

to the Government

in viblationof the understandingabout

the obstructions

reached-The

Government
I ,
/ .L.

'i:
(;

s/5950

EnglishPage 56
expressed its regret at any violationthat might have taken place before all
UNFICYP notified
themembers of its security forces had been fully briefed,
Government that any breach of the understanding
after 1 September Would be
fu1l.y reported.
203, During the firsttwo days of September no serious

cases of obstruction

tothe movement of food and other supplies to Turkish Cypriot areas were reported,but on 3 September a supply of fresh meat and cheese in authorized quantities
was prevented by Cypriot forces from entering the Turkish Cypriot sector ofReports received on 4 September from
Nicosia, in violationof the understanding.
URFICYP local units indicated that the local Cypriot military
authoritiesincertain areas were unwillingto implement the understanding,or interpretedit
3-n an excessively restrictive
manner, UNF'ICYP took this matter up urgently with
the Government authorities
in Nicosia.
Rut far from easing the prevailingsituation,
the Government decided on 5 September to add the Turkish Cypriot
Tile Government
sectors of Famagusta and Larnaca to the list of restricted
areas*
further
informed UNFICYP that it reserved the right to impose economic restrictionsin other areas if circumstances made it necessary to do so for military,
securityor other reasons.
This hardening of position was reflectedon the local levelat check-points
where obstructions,harrassments and actual confiscationsoffoodstuffs
took place after 2 September.
204, However, on 8 September President Makarios informed my Special Representative
and the Commander of U!MTXP that in response to their appeal, the large Turkish
Sectors
Of the towns of Famagusta and Larnaca, would no longer be treated as
restricted
areas,
On its part, uMFICYP has been observing in the last few days
the movement of food supplies in the Island and has noted that the Government's
decisions are being carried out and that in most cases the restricted
areas arereceiving
the amOUntS Of supplies allocated to them. As stated before, theseamounts were established by the Government and the Internations
Committee ofthe,Red Cross has considered their caloric value as reasonable.
2050 URFICYP has welcomed the decision by the Government to elj.minate themrkish-Cypriot
sectors of Famagusta and Larnaca from the restricted
areas aswell as the imI&emen.tation of the Government's decisions concerning movement of
supplies.
mese are important steps in the right direction
and it is hoped thatthey will open the WaY to further
easing of the economic restrictions
still
in force.
I .
,

i
0

“1
I

s/5950
EnglishWe 57*lthoughmo cases of starvation
have been noted in the Turkish-Cypriot
areas,
serious inconveniences
have been caused to the people subjected to these ,T?estrictiQns
and in some cases conditions
have reached the hardship stage,
EOwev@r, it should be noted that some cases of shortage of Zood and other suppzies
may be attributed
to inadequate organizationin certain Turkish-Cypriot
ccmmunit?es
and their
inability
to arrange for the authorized amounts of supplies to reachthem.
UWLCYP will continue to exert its best efforts
to achieve a further
relaxationof the economic restrictions,
not only for humanitarianreasons, but
alsc with a view to lessen tension and to help preserve law and order.
206. As regards
two consignments
and
8 September.
of the following:

the situationin Kokkina, since the fighting
ended on 9 August,of supplies were brought into the area between that date
A third consignment arrlvcd
on 9 September which consisted
4,500 pounds of flour,
450 pounds of beans, 765 pounds

cooking oil(margarine in lieu of cooking oil),
120 pounds of sugar,
300 pounds of salt, 210 pounds of milk powder, 64 gallons of cooking kerosene.
Kokkina and reported
On 8 September the TJNXCYP Senior Nedical Officer visitedOf

includingchildren,that the healthand general conditionof the inhabitants,.
He observed one ton of potatoes entering the village
was fairly
satisfactory.
which was estimatedto be over and above the consignment arrived
on 8 September.
me villagers
informed the IJNFICYP official
that they had received a conflignmentthat in addition
to foodstuffs
offooa some days before, which seems to indicate
and other

goods

been entering
was not foundof the population

cc&ng,inthrough regular channels, other suPPlies have alsoin Kokkina as regards supplIes
the area. me over-a~+l situation
to be one of great hardship and for the mCW?nt there was no question
facingstarvation-

/

l

.

*
.

s/5950
EnglishPage 5sIV.
FinancingFINWX.AL ASPECTS

of UNFICYP

it; will be recalled that the Security Council resolutionof 4 March 1964 (S/55(S/5575) establishing
the United Nations Peace-Keeping Force in Cyprus provided

207.

under operative
paragraph 6 that all costs pertaining
to the Force should be met ina manner to be agreed upon by the Governments providing
the contingentsand by thewas also authorized to accept
Government of Cyprus, and that the Secretary-Generalvoluntarycontributions
for that purpose.
20!3+ Although 1 was able to obtain voluntary contributions
approximately
equal tothe estimated costs of $5,430,000 for the first period of three months during which
the Force was operational,
in my report to the Security Council on 15 June 1964
(S/5764), I pointed out that the costs involved in extending the Force for an
and I informed the Council of myadditional
three months would be $7.3 million,
concern regarding the financial
arrangements for the Force.
209. In subsequent reports to the Security Council, on 21 August 1964 (S/5910), and
27 August 1964 (S/5913), 1 reported that I had been able to obtain voluntary
contributions
equal to only about five-sixthsof the amount of the estimated costs
for maintaining
the Force for the second three-month period ending 26 September 1964,
and I stated that there was no assurance that any costs incurred after 27 August
could be met within the terms of operative
paragraph 6 of the Council's
resolutionof 4 March 1964.
210. While three pledges have subsequently been received,
one in the amount of
and$5,000, another of up to $400,000 contingent on a two to one matching proviso,
a third one of $25,000, they are insufficient
to cover the deficitof more than
$2 million
between the estimated costs and the total amount pledged for the second
three-month period.
In these circumstances,although I will continue my efforts
to secure additional
pledges of financial
support for UNFICYP, I am obliged torepeat, with added emphasis, the statement in my 15 June report to the Council
that "Should the Force be extended, it will remain to be determined whether thisincreased amount could be raised through voluntary
contributions.
I have noassurance of this at present".
211. If it is decided to extend the period
Cyprus bY an additisnal. three months after

during which the Force is stationed in
26 September, the additionalcosts are

same as forthe second three-morrth

period.

/*..

v.
212.

It

is withdeep regret

MEDIATION hmORTand sorrow

that

I report

to the Council

that

the

Mediator
on Cyprus, Mr. Sakari Tuomioja,
died in Helsinkion 9 September as theresultof the stroke which he sufferedon 16 August.
This is a severe blow to themediation
effort.
Mr. Tuomioja had served a s Mediator with great ability
anddedicationand now his life
has been given in the effort.
2x3. Mr0 Tuomioja had kept me informed of his activitieu, plans and thinking
on thequestion,but had not submitted a formal report to me. A.%the time he was stricken
he was about to depart from Geneva for a new round of mediation talks in Athens,Ankara and J!?i.cosia.
211l-q Having consulted
the four parties
principallyconcerned, as defined inparagraph
7 of the Security
Council resolutionof 4 March 1964, and having foundthat they all consider
it important
to designatea ne37 Blediator without delay, I am
taking the necessary steps toward thisto inform the Security
Council of thatend and expect shortly
action.

to be in a position

/ ...

I

t

S/5950

EnglishPage 61
VI.

SUMMTNG-UPAND OBSERVATIONS

215. The resolutionof the Security Council of 4 March 1964 (S//5575), in providing
for the Force that was to be establishedin Cyprus, defined the functionof thatForce only in general terms, namely, "to prevent a recurrenceof fighting
and, asnecessary, to contributeto the maintenance and restorationof law and arder and a
return to normal
it was manifestly

conditions".
impossible

Given the'politicalcomplexity of the Cyprus problem,
for the Council to do more than this at that time.
I

under-took, in these circumstances,to organize the Force and establish
it in Cyprus
while recognizingthat it would be subject to some limitations,Thus, UNFICYP wasgiven a very heavy responsibility
without any precise definitionof its generalmandate to guide it so that it might know clearlyjust what it is entitledto doand how far it may go, particularlyin the use of force.
This inadequacy and lackof clarity
in the mandate of the Force has been, obviously,
a handicap to its
operation,
The Force, of course, has been subjected to much pressure from those,on the one hand, who would wish it to gd much further
than it has gone, particularlyin the employment of armed force, and those on the other, who would feel that attimes the Force tries to go too far on the territoryof a sovereign State.
216. Despite these handicaps,
and under most trying and dangerous circumstancesin
general,the Force in Cyprus has functioned
extremely' well.
It has not, obviously,
been able to achieve the full objectives
defined in the general mandate of the
Security Council.
It has not, for example, been able to prevent altogether"arecurrenceof fighting",
for there have been two serious engagements - at
St. Rilarion
and in the Tylleria
area - since the arrivalof the Force in Cyprus.
But -the presence of the Force in Cyprus was a major factor in bringing
the fighting
in these two areas to a quick end and in preventing
those episodes from escalating.
Nor can there be any doubt that had the Force not been deployed in Cyprus over' thesesix months, there would have been far more fighting
on that island than there has
been, with resultant
heavy casualties
and devastation,
As to maintenance andrestorationof law and order in Cyprus, there has been a considerable
improvementin the security
situation
since the deployment of the Force and its police arm.
Tomention'

only one sphere,of civilians

incidents
involving
the beating,shooting and kidnapping
have been greatly
reduced.
As regards a return to normal conditions,/ . .*\.:‘
i ,.':

'is/5950EnglishPage 62
there has also been vast improvement
althoughconditions
in Cyprus today,in the situation
without question,

since the arrivalof UNFICYP,
are still
far from thoseprevailingin the island prior to the outbreak of communal fighting
in December of
But there have been significant
advances from the dire situation
that!.ast year.
This is reflectedin such developments
existed when the Force arrived
in Cyprus.
as much more freedom of movement on the roads and much less harassment on them; as
the harvesting,with good results,
thanks to the assistanceof the Force; as in
as in restoringthethe liftingof the sieges of a number of Turkish communities;
and as in the increased movement of essentials.
operationof public utility
services;
Nevertheless,
UNFICYP has found on innumerable
occasions great resistance,
andindeed sometimes adamant refusalfrom both the Government authorities
and theTurkish Cypriot
leadership,concerning
proposals designed to promote a return tonormal life,
if such arrangements,
in their view, seem in any way to prejudice
their politicalobjectives.
21% It must be said, however,that despite all effortsof the United Nations,at
Headquarters
and in the field,
conditions
in Cyprus today are far from good; indeed,
they are very unsatisfactorywhen viewed from the perspectiveof the hopes for
But if the
Cyprus which motivatedthe Security
Councills
resolutionof 4 March.
United Nations Mission and Force had not been establishedin that island and had
not been exerting
ever since every possible effort
on behalf of peace and reason,conditionsin that tragic
country would be immeasurably worse, with all of theimplications
which this would have for the peace of the region and of the world.
in the218. I think it is necessary to point out, with regard to the reference
SecurityCouncil resolution
to "a return to normal conditions",
that there has been
all along and continues
to be what I consider to be a misunderstandingon the partof the Turkish
community of Cyprus and of the Turkish Government as to the function
The positionof the Turkish sideand duty of the United Nations Force in Cyprus.
is that by a "return
the Security Council intended a complete
to normal conditions",
restorationof the situation
in Cyprus exactly as it was before the fighting
brokeout in December, including,of course, the restorationof the constitutionalsituation,
Therefore,
in their eyes, UNFICYP should have been employing force,
wherever and whenever necessary,
to restore,
over the oppositionof the Cypriot/ ...

immunities

the COnstitutiOnalof the Turkish

situation
relating
to the privileges,
community in Cyprus.
Thus, in this view,
Government or any acts taken by it as legal;rightsandUXFICYP should
the present

not regard the Cypriot
Cypriot army, the National
Guard, should be considered as illegal
and should betreated as such by UNFICYP; the importationof arms by the Cypriot Government
should be consideredillegalunder the Cypriot Constitution
and should be stopped
by UNFICYP in pursuance of the Security Council's
resolutions.
219. I have not, of course, accepted these positions
and have pointed out to those
who hold them that the Security Council did not indicate such intentions
inadopting itn Q resolutions
on this q~~estion?.
220. On the other hand, Ui'JFICYP was not establishedarm of the Governmentby the Security

councilas anof Cyprus,

and it has not been permitted. to fall into sucha course.
It respects at all times the sovereignty
and the independence of Cyprus
and the authorityof the Government, but it acts independently
in the dischargeof
its mandate, in accordance with
221. The plain fact, therefore,
the most delicate
position
thatis that the United
any United Nations

Nationsmissionforof a bitter

war but it

it

is not onlyinterposedin the midst

between the two sides

operation
has had to exert every
and justice,and to avoid taking

the resolutionsof thatof the Security

civil
war.

Council,

Force in Cyprus is in
has ever experienced,
is dangerously

In that situation,
effortto maintain objectivity,
sides while doing all possible

the United Nations
to serve fairness
to alleviate

suffering.
Thus, in recent weeks, UNFICYP has been devoting major effort
towardeliminatingor lessening
the hardship experienced by many Turkish communities in
Cyprus by the economic restrictions
which have been imposed by the Government of
222, With regard

to thispolicy,which has become quite vigorous since the fightingof early August was ended by the cease-firecalled for by the Security Council,
one can understand the evident cqncern of the Government of Cyprus for the securityof the country in view of the recurrent
threats emanating from Turkey about
Turkish landingson the island,and particularly
in view of the tragic experienceof the island with the Turkish air raids of early August.
But allowing
for thesecurityfactor,the conclusion

being

imposed against

the Turkish

seems warranted
communities

thatthe economic restrictions

in Cyprus, which in some instances,/I,s/5950

EnglishPage G4
have been so severe*+--

as to amount to verita.blesiege,

indicatethat

the Governmentof Cyprus seeks to force a potential
solutionby economic pressure as a substitutefor military
action.
The policy of economic pressures
has' definitely
caused much hardship in the
Turkish population;it has nourished
bitterness
on the Turkishside; it has
it has greatly
increased
tension and would nohardened the Turkish position;
doubt lead to a new eruptionof fighting
if continued,
particularlyin the arbitrary
and shiftingfrom day to day manner in wh-ich it was being applied.
224-. It is, therefore,
a cause for no little
encouragement that it has beenlearned,on the eve of this report,that the Government of Cyprus has substantiallyrelaxed these economic restrictions
and that supplies are now flowing
into theTurkish Cypriot areas in accordance with accords thus far reached.
225. I feel compelled also to express the view that the aerial
attacks on Cyprus
supposed taoticalcommunities by Turkish aircraftin early August, whatever theirsignificance,
were most unfortunateand have made the solution
problem far more difficult,
These raids on defenselesspeoplemany innocent
civilians,
destroyed much property
and inevitablyof the Cyprus
killedand maimed
led to a

stiffeningof the positionsof the Cypriot
Government, as might have been
anticipated,
I trust that they wiil not be repeated,
for whatever reasons.
grounds of national
security,
the Government of Cyprus,;-_._' 226. On not very convincing
despite the assurances given to me by the Presidentof Cyprus in his message of
6 August 1964 (s/5855), has recently
sought to impose restrictions
on movementsof the Force which, in effect,would go very far toward nullifying
freedom of
movement for UNFICYP. The projected
restrictions
would be to such an extent as_"
to cripple
the effectivenessof the Force a.nd to make its continued
presence in
Cyprus virtually
useless.
I have, of course, vigorously
protestedthese
restrictions
to the Government of Cyprus, and have demanded that they be lifted.
But as of
response.

the date of the submission of thisThe security
needs of Cyprus willi.t cannot fulfil
the mandates of the Council
There is implicitin this problem a question

report,be fully

there has been no satisfactory
respected by the Force, butfrom a virtuallyof mutual trust

staticposture.
and good faith.

I...

s/5959

EnglishPage 65
227. A recent crisis,
which at present is only in abeyance, relates to the intended
It will berotationof a part of the Turkish contingent
stationed in Cyprus,
recalled
that in the early stage of the deployment of UNFICYP in Cyprus, I had
proposed to the Governments of Greece and Turkey that their contingents
stationedin the Island should be placed under United Nations Command in Cyprus, although
not as contingentsin the United Nations Force in Cyprus (s/5764, page 36,
paragraph 1i6).
This proposal was acceptable to Greece but was rejectedbyTurkey since in effectit would mean the return of the Turkish troops to theirWhen, quite recently,
an impasse developed between Cyprus and Turkey
bamcks.
over the projectedrotationof part of the Turkish contingent,
I appealed to both
Governments to employ moderation and restraint
in this situation,and specificallyurged the Government of Turkey to postpone for a few weeks the scheduled rotationof the Turkish troops (S/5920).
The rotation
has been deferred and the Turkish
Government is due commendation for its helpfulness
in this criticalsituation.
Also at that time I sought the reactionof the Government of T"urkey to mysuggestion that there be an agreed arrangement for the rotationof Turkish troops
in Cyprus whereby the relieving
troops would not take up positionsin proximity
the Kyrenia Road, with UNFICYP thereafter
undertaking
full and exclusive

toresponsibility
for the Controlof that road,
The road under UNFICYP control
would then be opened to all civilians
but to no armed personnel of either side.
Such an arrangement,of course, would be without prejudice
to the claims of either
party with regard to the status, presence and locationof the Turkish contingent
in Cyprus.
I have now received a reply from the Government of Turkey to mysuggestion.
The Government of Turkey agrees to place its contingent
in Cyprus
under the over-allcommand authorityof the Commander of UNFICYP, subject toseveral conditions.
The Government of Turkey has also stated that they cannot
agree to the withdrawalof the Turkish contingentfrom their present position
astridethe Kyrenia Road, but would have no objection
to TJNFICYP controllingtheNicosia-Kyrenia
Road and keeping it open to unarmed persons, provided the United
Nations guarantees that no Greek-Cypriot
policeman or other armed personnel will
be permitted
to use the road and that any attempt on the part of Greek-Cypriots
to gain control of the road in any manner whatever, would be prevented by UNFICYP
by the use of arms,

The Turkish

reply

also states

that

the Commander of UI~ICYP,/ ...

s/5950
EnglishPage GG
before issuing orders to the Turkish
coni;ingent
for any task or movement which
would requirea change in the present positionof the contingent,
must have the
The Turkish memorandum was submitted toprior consent of the Turkish Government.
me on 10 September 1964, and I have therefore
not had the opportunity
to make athorough study of its substance.
However, I am bound to say that the conditions
set forthparticular,

by the Turkish Government virtuallynullify
my suggestion.
Inthe~reyuirement
for the Commander of UNFICYP to obtain the priorconsent of the Turkish Government on orders relating
to the deployment of theas
1 had indicatedat an early
is an unacceptablecondition,
Turkish contingent,
this matter with the
However, it is my intention
to continue exploringstage.
Turkish Government with a view to findinga satisfactory
solution.
228. In my reportto the Council on 15 June 1964 (S/5764, Corr.1 and 2), Iof arms and amUnition
inreported in paragraphs
21, 22 and 23 on the build-up
That build-up
on the Government side.
Cyprus on both sides, but particularly
continued and contributed
to the he-lghteningof tension and led ultimately
to the
UNFICE?
hasobserved
andreportedserious fightingthat occurred in early August.
this build-up
but it has been in no position
to do anythingelse about it, otherthan to warn both sides about the unwisdorn and the danger of such actions,since
it has no mandate from the Security
Council to do more, -particularly
with regard
to actions of the Government of a sovereign,
independent
State.
Moreover,as aresult of the build-up
in arms and the reorganizationof the Greek Cypriot armed
forces into the National
Guard, the United Nations Force in Cyprus today is not
only outnumbered by the Greek Cypriot
forces but it also commands considerably
less fire poVer.
This is a fact Whose significanceis limitedby the other factthat UNFICYf? carries
arms in Cyprus only for use in self-defence.
229. From the foregoingit may be properly
concluded that the United Nations Force
A civilwar is the worst possible
situation
in Cyprus is in an unhappy position.
Strong reasonsin which a United Nations peace-keeping
force can find Itself.
other than financial
can be adduced in support of the position
against PAaintaininga United Nations force in C;yprus. But the overriding
reason for extending UNFICYP
beyond 26 September is the positionof those directly
concerned with the Cyprus+roblem,and many others,
that, despite all handica.ps, to withdraw UNFICYP at thistime could lead to utter disasterin the Island,
The four Governments which aret0

be consulted

in accordance

withthe Security

Council

resolxtionof 4 Mabrch,q5950EnglishPage 67
have all indicated,in response
continued beyond 26 September,to my inquiry,that they wish the Force to be

The Government of Turkey accompanied its assurance
to this effect with some 'observationsh
about the shortcomings of the Force andits inability,
under its existing
authority,
to carry out the mandates of the
Security Council, as these mandates are interpretedby the Government of Turk&y.
230. In the event that the Security Council is inclined
to extend the Force foranother three-month
period, I must call the attentionof the Council once again
to the difficulties
that have been encountered in financing
the operationforthe first
two three-month
periods.
Financialsupport of the Force underparagraph 6 of the Security Council resolutionof 4 March 1964 (S/5575) has been
inadequate and has been received
in such manner, both as regards pledges andpa-yment of the pledges, as to make planning,
efficiency
and economical running of
the Force almost impossible.
I would call to the attentionof the Council some.,notable absences on the list of States making voluntary
contributions,some forthe entire six months' existence of the Force and others for its second period,
although the Security Council resolution
was adopted unanimously.
231. I WoLiid consider it unrealistic
for the Council to expect that UNFICYP canbe maintained
for stilla,nother three-month
period on such a flimsy and uncertain
financialbasis,The Force, once establishedand deployed in Cyprus, must be
supported,and thisCouncil that
I must insist
Force foreventuate,
to maintainexceedingifrequires"8.

cash in hand.

UNFICYP is extended
that at least pledges

Therefore,
I feel bound to advise thefor another three months beyond 26 September,in the total amount necessary to sustaA.n the,_its third three-month
period be in hand by that date.
Should this not
I wish to forewarn the Council that in carrying out its instructions
the Force in Cyprus I will
the totalof the voluntary

have no choice but to consider
contributions

received

any expenses

as a legitimate

chargeagainst United Nations revenues from whatever source derived,
The bills will haveto be paid.
232. Finally,
may I advise the Council that, if UNFICYP is extended, there will be
serious need for at least some clarification
as to actions that the Force may takein the discharge 0.f its mandate,
Therefore,
I intend to proceed on the certain
assumptions and to instruct
the Commander of the Force accordingly.
The assLunptions
and related
instructions
would be along the following
lines:/.

.

ls/5950
EnglishPage 68(a) -That in establishing
SecurityCouncil realized

the Force and defining
its importantfunction,
thethat the Force could not discharge that function

unless it had complete freedom of movement in Cyprus, which could only meansuch unrestricted
freedom of movement as nay be consideredessential
by theForce Commander to the implementationof the mandates of the Force.
(b) That the Force, in carryrLng out its mandate, to prevent the recurrenceof fighting,is reasonably
entitled
to remove positions
and fortified
installations
where these endanger the peace, and to take all necessary
measures in self-defence
if attacked
in the performanceof this duty.
(c) That in seeking to preventa recurrenceof fighting,it may be demandedby the Commander that the opposing armed forces be separated to reasonabledistances in order to create bufferzones in which armed forces would beprohibited.
2jj.Mr.
Galo Plaza, my Special Representativein Cyprus, and the two Commanders
of UJWICYP, Lieutenant-General
P.S. Gyani and his successor, General K.S. Thimayya,
and those associatedwith them, have rendered distinguishedservice to the United
Nations and to the cause of peace in Cyprus, and I wish to compliment them highly.