加速器ベース･ホウ素中性子捕捉療法
Accelerator-based Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
第12回日本加速器学会年会(2015年8月7日)
Masakazu Yoshioka (University of Tsukuba /KEK)
Hiroaki Kumada (University of Tsukuba)
Many thanks to collaborators and industries;
 Special thanks to J-PARC group and Ibaraki Prefecture!!!
 KEK: Hiroshi Matsumoto, Fujio Naito, Noriyuki Matsumoto, Yoshiaki Murakami, Hitoshi
Kobayashi, Toshikazu Kurihara University of Tsukuba: Akira Matsumura, Hiroaki Kumada, Susumu Tanaka, Kohji Niita
 JAEA: Takemi Nakamura, Kazuo Hasegawa, Yasuo Kondo
 Cosylab: Takashi Nakamoto, Tilen Zagar
 Nihon Advanced Technology: Toshiyuki Ohba, Nobuaki Nagura
 ATOX: Toshikazu Ohuchi, Hisashi Sakurayama Mitsubishi Heavy Industries: Tomei Sugano, Tomohiro Tsuiki Many other industries: Taiyo Valve, Toshiba EDT, Nichicon, DAWONSYS (Korea), Nihon Koshuha,TOYAMA, NEC/TOKIN, Kanto Giken, オオツカ and many others,,,,,,,,

①BNCTとは②3つのアプローチ(京大、いばらき、がんセンター)③中性子スペクトラム、必要な中性子と有害成分④コミッショニング計画⑤OIST(沖縄科学技術大学院大学)計画⑥サマリー

Position of BNCT in cancer therapycancerPosition of BNCT in cancer therapycancer

Surgery treatment

Coverage of BNCTCancer drug Brain malignancy
 Head neck cancer Malignant melanoma
 Lung cancer
 Multiple liver cancer
 Mesothelial cancer(asbestos exposure victim)
 Recurrent breast cancer
 Various recurrent cancer

X-ray treatment Invasive cancer

Solid tumor Multiple cancer
Proton therapy
Heavy ion therapy

BNCTRecurrent
cancerNeutron Source: Replace the Research Reactor with Accelerator Accelerate Drug development

①BNCTとは②3つのアプローチ(京大、いばらき、がんセンター)③中性子スペクトラム、必要な中性子と有害成分④コミッショニング計画⑤OIST(沖縄科学技術大学院大学)計画⑥サマリー

Basic configuration of proton linac for i-BNCT
3 MeV
Ion
Source

RFQ

8 MeV
DTL

80 kW
BeamTransport &Expander

Betarget

H+ 50 keV

> 109n/cm2/s
0.5eV~10keV

1.2 MW
Klystron
324 MHz

Peak current

Max. 50 mA

Pulse width

Max. 1 ms

Pulse repetition

Max. 200 pps

Duty

20%

Beam power

80 kW

Moderator &Collimator

Waveguide
TargetModerator
Collimator

RFQ
Klystron

DTL
Beam Expander

Beam Transport7日本では3つのグループ
 いばらき 8MeV Linac、ベリリウム標的) コミッショニング中 京都大学(30MeVサイクロトロン、同上) 患者に対して治験実施中
 がんセンター(2.5MeV Linac、リチウム標的) コミッショニング中??

がんセンターホームページ

京大、田中浩基氏プレゼン

①BNCTとは②3つのアプローチ(京大、いばらき、がんセンター)③中性子スペクトラム、必要な中性子と有害成分④コミッショニング計画⑤OIST(沖縄科学技術大学院大学)計画⑥サマリー

BetargetModerator& Collimator

Design using MCNPX

Neutron energy spectrum at theBe target for various production
anglesPrimary proton energy is 8 MeV

Neutron energy spectrum at the patient
position: 0.5 eV ~ 10 keV
1.E+09

6E+09
5E+09
4E+09
3E+09

9Be(p,n)9B

0°
15°
30°
45°

2E+09

60°

1E+09

90°

0110°
024En [Mev]

1.E+08中性子束（n/cm2/s/lethargy)

n [n/mA/cm2/sec]

7E+09

1.E+07

φ12cm
case13

case14
1.E+06

case15case166
1.E+05

1.E-08

1.E-07

1.E-06

1.E-05

1.E-04

1.E-03

1.E-02

中性子エネルギー（MeV)

1.E-01

1.E+00

1.E+01

中性子フラックス と 有害成分

AlPb

Fe

MgF2Bi

W

Pb

Tiねじ

PE+LiF

0.5eV~10keV Neutron flux
> 4.3･109 n/cm2/s

Neutron < 0.5 eV
1.8✕108

g-ray
0.74Gy/hNeutron > 10 keV
4.7✕108

As low as
possible年に1回程度のターゲット交換作業時の残留放射能による空間線量率
PHITS + DCAIN-SP 接続計算による評価

作業場所

年間130時間(患者300名)✕10年間運転後ビーム停止
1日後 120 μSV/h
同
4日後 17 μSV/h

①BNCTとは②3つのアプローチ(京大、いばらき、がんセンター)③中性子スペクトラム、必要な中性子と有害成分④コミッショニング計画⑤OIST(沖縄科学技術大学院大学)計画⑥サマリー

Installation of RF system and beam transport by 2014
1.2 MW KlystronRF Conditioning

Modulator
1 ms, -90kV,
33A, 200 Hz

Beam transport & expanderFirst beam commissioning was completed in December 2014
Fluorescent screen
on target

Ion Source for 1st commissioning

RFQ

DTL

Very low peak current: ~ 1 uA

ECR Ione source for Ibaraki-BNCT

2 solenoids for ECR condition (874 gauss)
Ridge waveguide3 electrodes

DC break and RF window

MagnetronLEBT
Beam dump to remove
unnecessary ions H2+ and H3+Solenoid focus

Chopper
Beam reducer+ Emittance Monitor (Future)

Differential evacuation

照射室完成大塚製作所、関東技研に感謝

床ポリエチレン張り

現在: 中性子コミッショニング中  今年度内動物実験、細胞実験
来年度: 医学研究開始

Issues:
大電流で使えるビーム診断

①BNCTとは②3つのアプローチ(京大、いばらき、がんセンター)③中性子スペクトラム、必要な中性子と有害成分④コミッショニング計画⑤OIST(沖縄科学技術大学院大学)計画⑥サマリー

OIST-BNCT possible configuration: 3MeV (RFQ) + 5 MeV (DTL) + 2 MBK case design

REQUIREMENTS OF RF WAVE-FORMS
1 x 109 n/cm2/s
FLAT TOPFLATNESS@TOPSTABILITY
RISE

FALL

MBK PARAMETERS
NOTE:
Pulse width of 3.5-ms at flat
top included an rf filling timeof DTL for 100 µs.

MODULATOR POWER SUPPLY SPECIFICATION (for each)

BEAM PARAMETERS
ITEMBEAM ENERGY [MeV]:
BEAM ENERGY JITTER [%]:
PEAK BEAM CURRENT [mA]:
AVERAGE BEAM CURRENT [mA]:
BEAM POWER [kW]:
PULSE WIDTH@FLAT TOP [ms]:MAX. REP. RATE [Hz]:

ITEM
VALUE
FREQUENCY [MHz]:325±0.1
OUTPUT RF POWER (max.) [kW]:≥600 (≤625)
BEAM VOLTAGE (max.) [kV]:31 (≤34)
BEAM CURRENT (max.) [A]:33 (≤37)GAIN [dB]: ≥33.8 @600 kW≥55
EFFICIENCY AT SATURATION [%]:VALUE
8 (3 +5)
<±0.5
50
10.5
84
0.1 to 3.360

ITEM
PPEAK (max.) [MW]:PAVE (max.) [kW]:VOLTAGE (max.) [kV]:CURRENT (max.) [A]:
PULSE WIDTH@FLAT TOP [ms]:RISE & FALL TIME (0 to 100%) [ms]:VALUE
1.0 (1.3)
215 (264)
31 (34)33 (37)0.1 to 3.5<0.1

FLATNESS @TOP (RMS):<5×10-4
STABILITY @TOP (RMS):<5×10-4
REP. RATE [Hz]: single & 1 to 60

MBK: multi beam KlystronOne of the key technologies

i-BNCT Klystron system E37619
Single beam, 1.2 MW, -90kV, 33A

TOSHIBA Multi-Beam Klystron(MBK) E3736 for ILC & XFEL(SRF)

Collector

SolenoidCavity

Electron gun : 6 beams

OIST-BNCT Klystron system: 6 beams, 600 kW, -31kV, 33A
Advantage of MBK by comparing with SBK:
higher AC to RF power conv. eff. (61/54 %)lower modulator power supply voltage (31/91 kV)
 compact and reliable modulator power supply
Longer cathode life due to lower cathode loading

①BNCTとは②3つのアプローチ(京大、いばらき、がんセンター)③中性子スペクトラム、必要な中性子と有害成分④コミッショニング計画⑤OIST(沖縄科学技術大学院大学)計画⑥サマリー

Large scale neutron source
High flux, but
limited machine time

We needboth !!

Small scale neutron source
Low flux, but
Taylor-made studies

 HUNS:
Hokkaido
University
NeutronSource 45MeV Electron linac

RANS:
Riken
Accelerator-driven
NeutronSource
7MeV, 700W proton Linac

② High current, high duty RFQ + DTL④ MBK
For OIST-BNCT① ECR ion source
High current
Easy to maintenance③ long pulse
Klystron modulator

First and second compact BNCT (proton driver) construction
 Ibaraki BNCT, full commissioning will be very soon (POC machine) OIST-BNCT six years construction program has been just started
The role is to establish the first mass production modelTechnologies for BNCT are common with front-end of
the large scale machine
BNCT linac can be applied as a compact neutron source formaterial/life science and industrial applications