Chinese Jounlal of Arid LIld Rcsearch
VOluFne 10,Number 3

The Pllysio‐Ecological Characteristics
of Eight Species of D)esert Plants
in the Central Asia Area of China
URlder a Controlled Envirolllllent
i Oniasa・
bsitiki Natoril,Kc:寸Li Xiao181i:lg,■,and Kazuo Tobel(Xittiang institutc of Blology,Pcdology and DescA Rescarch,
Chi:lcse Acadcnly OF Scicnccs,Uruinqi.830011.China)3(National institutc tbr Enviro81:IBCntal Studics.16‑2,Onosawa.Tsukuba 305.Japan)

I.INTRODUCT10N

mexttiangUysurAutonornousRegionoFChinaislocated inthecentral areacFtheEuropean‐0 査m R. T h ●A s i a n c o n t i n e n t . T h e td aおn c e b e t w e c n X i t t i a n a n d a n y o c c a n o F t h e w o F M i S O V e r 2 4 0口

largearea r e a o f X t t t i a n g i s s u r r o u n d c d b y h i B h m o u n t a i n s a n d PilSa tVeearuys .amrei dc lainmda に

arc occupicd by descrt.Descrt plants are mainly distributed in the JunggauF BaSin and along the FiVeFS
in dle Tarim Basin.
■ lc dcscrt Jmに

are limitcd by many environnr酎

封 偽ctors.Water is the most ittpoHant,wes ortypに なl dCSCA plaltts h Hr Central Atta arca ror Our experinents:月
oshfma.挽, ″'rCttfOcraJ3t′″.CJirrncα ̀,P:.ra'Pra歳 肥 ,円
a"rHθ JgP:」f・o,3.れ Pをrffcrtrrt,Carrigθ ′lcrellavebeen
somerescarch『rarifa。■
F印̀5,価 ld P9Psrfr̀J grtr'ん,'Orp竹'ra"r加 5加 o,Prθ′
casPFcrr.メ ,,,ど
受 lected eight sPccた

tわ打
中rO●
′
osracり J
cPoRS: L l u J i a q c n g a r l d xQiinu3 M i n g ‐( N . N . S i c r T l n e v a n d D . B o ' d , 1 9 8 1 : V . L . V o z n ea sr e. n. s1 k9 i8 t1 ″1991:
rrr.,1987:Ho」Ttanzhen and Liang Yuanqiang,1991:Yang Wenbinどr ar.・
1982:Liu Jiaqong 2′
nd K.OMsa・1997)oa the
L i X i a o H u n g 9 T . N a t oarnid・ K . O m a s a , 1 9 9 3 : L i X t a o i n i nl gR ・N a t o r ia・
Iolvever,these studies did not acal uttth
Water Felations and Photosynthesis of these dcsert plant!i.子

COinpaFatiVe alinlysis oF tilc photosynthcsis and water rtintions under ditFercnt Water conditions.Our
transPiration3 and Water use cmciency OF
exPcri:Blcntal rcsuits rcvcnt the dy:la:1lics oFphotosyntilcsis・
Ci3ht SPCCiCS OF dcscrt pralits under ditttrent watcr conditions. The rclationshiP betヽ

cen watcr

potcntiais and mnin cation ions in leaves oF aSSimilatinB shoOtSOrdireFent descH Piallts is also studiet.
Thc cxperiincntal rcsults show a Bcneral trcnd that the net PhotOSynthetic ratcs and transPiratioE rattS

1詢 中
u ●" 守 百 r F 〔ぬ」I― 的 陀 嗣
敵 W曲
r r s d u r . 口使 i t t 河 軒 ―i n c . A t t h】8
苗 臨8o伊b y A 3 , c R o n SPSに・佐・―
J‐ ●― FtCEヒ 〕T,コロ拭的d'崎 浮応噂 …
,18 Ct●●「Hd byAい ● ぃ rr=,.8に rOr llIBrit,Hは 情 ●ltrt rざ￨ rH'ith nHhげDrivt.Dコ ver8,MA OI研 じ.
'Pai1 6にc81ン● CCC・ 】E Ror―hHにò350∞ 戸 r守 ンと●1 9 9 7

Cilinesc Joum」 of Arid Lnd Research152

asc oF watcr potentinis ror assimitating shoots or ieavesi nere are lincard c c r C t t e W i t h t i l c rdcに
rclatiOns betlvcen the nct photosynthctic ratcs and transPiration rates.Direrent deseHi plants have
dirFtSrcnt wntcr usc crrlcicncy and watcr strcss rcsistance because oF dle dirFerence in thcifとRttreS undeF dittLrent water
cnviromcnts,nle watcr usc crrlcicncy Of cvcry plant is Of Smdl di何『 0じ
conditionsi dlcre lt'cre rarac dirrCrcnccs Rn10ng dircrcrlt plants under=ood water conditioJls,
results Susscst ulat water stress resistance has ncgatiVe retations witt water use enctency in our
experimental desert plants.
H.MAl・ERIALS ANDヽlEl・I10DS

2.1.Expcsttncntal prantg
加・Califgttata rrrracrrPrrf",
玄″何,丹 !″ frsli宙
t arH″p材̀打The cxpcrimentd plants arc舛rP8PPr?fiPranrr3四肥。.80rlicws,and Po7″rrts
α
ごメ
fJttfPHa,rrar95racraメ
Jば ra":西:.ra″,αCゴ frriCFrr″
ttf ・を′ヮrlrarF6a. コicsc plants are widcly distributsi in thc desen ttca cF Ccntral Asia.me sccds oF
nheBasin)。
〃.rasPf6αwCrc colicctcd from natural corwnunitics in Fukang(located in the Junggaur

arftt were coliccted from the Qtra Desert Rescarch Stati
jat″t f l″a a n d , どr I Prれs c e d s o f t t : rθme seeds oF othcr(10CatCd On tile southcm margin ofthe Taklimakarl Dcscn in the Tarim Basin)。
loCated in TurPan Basin)。
spccics■vcrC COlicctcd rrom the TurPan Dcscrt Rescarch Stationく
ntcriats lwcrc sCcdti:lgs oftticsc pituts one to three years old.
■lc cxPcriinCnini:■
Tllc sccds wcre sown in a grccrdlousc in t'lc Natiollal lnstitute for Envirorllnental JnP如Studics・
Environmcnt Ascncy,me sccdlings wcre transPianted into l.5 1iterpots alled with sand aFter solving.
20°C day′night airtemperature,60‑70銘
nhouSC utlder a 30′
Thc cxPcrhncntal plants srcw in the sぼ
ional lighting was suPPlied fOr 2‑3 hours in order e t a t i v e l l u m i d i t y a n d l in ga lt lu tr .』I n w iandtdeirt・
to cnsurc adcqじ
atc lishting time.Thesc scedlings were irrigated twice a day and feAilized twice withfold diluted)fOr one weck.
about 200 Hd of a conipound nutricnts solution(lryponex,lo00‐
2.2.Expcrirllcntal mctilods
The whole prants wcre mcasured to dctemine net Photosynthetic rates and tmsPiration rates atdle same t― ,The pholo押 thesis and transPiration ttre mcasured using an open ttHem(Li Xiaonlins..1993).The net photosynthetic rates were xTleasured by an infrared ttyzer(MOdd・ ZRC,FUJ:α α′c.balance(METTLER
ELECTRIC,Japan).The transPiration rates were measured using an etectボ801)
P M 6 0 0 0 , S w i t z e r i a n d ) , a n d t h e w t i g h t i n g d a t a w a s r e c o r do em dp u bt yr ( aN E HC t, tP cC r‐o9 ●every manutes
climtic chttbcr with an atr tmperature oF
mC aSSiFulatio■ box was placed in thc aninci:ェ
30° C H 20‑30%Felative huHlldity,In orderto prevtnt evapOmtion fFOm Sand h the po低,thc Pcts

direrent water conditicas ofttment」
JantS
lvcre scarcd using ptastic bags bcbre ettcasuttng.輸
W e F eC・
ttabltted by,stopping iFdBttion mr dttrent times.
mewaterpotentialsoFicavesorassimilatingsllootswereimmediatdymeasuredanermeasuring
22■
photosynthesis and transPiratiOn,using a dew Point PsychrOmcに r and mに rovolmter(HR‐gxperimental
plants
were
WESCOR.USA).The Watcr contcnts of icRVCS Or assimilating shoots o『dctcmincd using ovcn,d『 icd ontSs and lVcrc cxPrcsSCd as the arnount of Water pcr unit oFdry wcisht.
■lCFnainCationcontentsoficavesorassiinilatingshootsofexperimental plantsweredetermned
hy tilc inductivety couPicd PinsIIla qumtorecordcr(lCP・Shimsu.Modet'0000 Japan).The leavcs or■ざsinlilating shoots were dricd Catror
70°
48 hours aFter rneasurinB rhOtOSyndlesis and transPiratiOn.
a r i d t i l c d r i c d i c a v e s a n d a s s i m i l t t i n s s h o o t s w c r e eproyw earnecd Pwaindilcヤi c s d l a t p r o n o t c d
Rc,dolysis ibr iCP measuring.
Sii sPccics of thc cxPcriincntal pliピlts arC OF asstrrHlating shoots or VGry Small lcavest and thc
otilcr two arc of bro■ d icavcse Wc usc the sagnc units to express the nct photOSynthetic rate andtr担:lspiration ratc in ordcr to conlParc thtS Physio‐
ccological characteristlCs oFall exper竹nぼntal ptants

Volume 10・ Numbcr 3

153

Tlle nct photosyntiletic ratc was expresscd as lnlCromoiar of C02 aSSimila
in thiS paPcr・
on rate was exprttsedolar
as ttlli抗of H10lg‑lh めOFaried assirnilating甲。
organsはi the transPiraいS
ofassinilatingorgans oF
Ol
g‑lh‐
ram
oFdriedassimi!atingorgtts(―
i
the
water
potttti』
りperど

一MLithe watcr content orassimilating organs
xperinに
ntal
of●
CXPCrimental plants were cxPressed挙3i )m .i l a t i n g s h o o 低
p l a n t s W a s e x P r e s s e d a s w a t e r i o s s p e r g r a m o fOdrr ileeda vae=sssに
3.RESULTS
s and transPirati。
配ratttt under dirercnt lvater PctentinL
nthCtic ratは3.1.Nct pholos〕′
Figure i shoWs thenct photosynthctic RateS and lransPiration rates ofeightspecies ofdesert Piants
C and 34.0°C・the relative
under diぼとrent water pctentials.The ttr temperature is between 32.0°
molμm as 1.
hunidity was 15‑40%・ and th,photosyndlctic Photon nux dcnsity(PPFD)was 600

釣 ０

●亀

︒
ｍｍｍｍ

ＦＩ Ｉ Ｉ Ｉ Ｉ

．
一︹

．
ヽ

Ｎ付 Ｎ

Ｎ

8,3 8.5 2.8

﹄
ト

∞
．
︹０ ｎ
．
守い︹
︐
い０Ｎ

一

いい ０

３

0

いい

0

い ０

300

. 200
100

的 的 範 抑 ｏ

300
200

∞ ∞ Ｗ 側 ∞
０
∞

L

=寓
君 ｀ =
lPa)
Waler Pct=ntidい8Pa)t‐
Waに r Pcにnttal 卜Fig。
1
11lcnttPhotOSyntilcticratcsandtrallspirationrntcsoFeishtspecies

3h‐8ト
mteSく'い 18‐

務hCllincsc JouHlal of Arid Land Resc8ぃど

154■1lblc l
mc lvatcr pOtcntials,nctphotosyntheticFatCSetranspirationratestandWatercontentsoFassimilatingshoots or ieaves oF cight spccics oFexPcrimcntal dcscR Plants under good water ocnditttns.

Nuinber oF
stlmp!せPlint name′
ユ″mmacA宮

何円.Pr西 たコ刑′′″
何c rrw立,fra宮〕Nct photosyndlettc
Transpintion ratts
n にsm,ig… lh‐・̀メ)

W a t e r P前oに引

Wat●『●。ntents

1)(mmOt B ・ h 8)

(―ML)

て
88‐

250,01±56,78

92.SO■23,75

2.15±0,14

48± 1.11
5。

216.88± 11.70

65.47± 10.57:.40■0.10

2.01±0.06

346.85」
L78.2897,97± 29.14

1.46±0,16

4.00±0,25
4.00±0.33

C 」i r , r gカ″

268.31圭 36.42

103.03± 18.98

1,03±0,12

五 rampF′ 。
trr"ra295,47± 4,.03

150.81土 〕￨.55

2.70±0,72

2.96±0.35

及 fastFf何174.43±36.1】

127,70± 35,05

2.'9±0,36

4.69主 1,10

ユ fr4Pttrarfca

390,OS± 54.66

252.18± 6.5:

1.30±022

3.3■±0.12

74.″o打r。'ff″
f97,75± 19.36

51,64± 12.60

2.34±1.50

2.21±0.08

ater contents oF ciglit
3.2.ヽVator iDotCiltinis,nct pllotosy:ithctic Rltcs,tra:lsPiration rntcs,andlド
寸attH,conditicns:ital dttcrt plants ulltlcr good、
SPCCi電対 Or CXpcri811●

nct pllotosynthetic rates,transpimtion s8andraに Water contents
Tabic i shows water potcntials・
ulldc『oF cight spccics or cxPcrinlcntal dcscA lts
pt:どgOod water conditions.Air temperature,retntive
humidity,and thc PholoSynthctic PhOtOn nux dcnsity were same as described abovc.Alldata are mcans
with one SE.
nental plants
3.3.hlain cation contcnts oFattsinlilating slloots or αlea▼
s oF eight spsEieS txPeH『O『Table 2 s'lows the main cation contents oF assiHulating shoots or icaves of etght specits oF
expcrirncntal Piants.All data■
ilimolar perkilograHl ofdried
re deten「uncd by lCPBand cxPressed as H」
assimilating shoots or icaves oFcight sPcciCS OfexPcrimental Piants(HmOlkg 1).An data are means.
4.DISCUSSiON
ばrh剰苗sns oF drought
Tlle dcscrt Pl.aritS distrit,utcd in tilc Cctitml Asinn
havearcぉ
ditrcrent田.恥 escrcsistance,Our cxPcrilnental rcsults shotv that some plants have very strong droughttoleranc●
T.aJPmarfHJr。 円.
le・どPl:VitS COuld conduct Phctosynthcsis u:lder vcry severe water stress.For exa「 I〕
Patcr potetitinl ofrr, crff,fras tand tt rrr,,rrrrttJF,,,β
can cnrry ollt photosynthcsis evcn when the ■assimiating shoots is 16ヾ tr th.RR‑3・5ヽlPa.But so:nc P,ants cawot tolcrate s針 ●re water stressi tor
c x a r n p l e , a ル ″αてr r l 沈″打 a n d C J i l rα
bdow‑2.O MPat me"どご″: C a l i n O t t o l e r a t e w t t e r p o」stenば)iration rates decrcasc
prcsent rcsults sholv a gcncral trend that the nct photosynthetic rates andは導tr』
tvith the dccreasc o「watcr potclltints of assinliliting shoctsleaves。
o『DcscA PinntS arc oF a lligh cnPattty oF stoHlatat attustrnent,which wtt FeVeded i:l our
CXPCrilllCntat rcsutts. The transPiratiOn rates oF all exPcrimental plants shoW the sarne chansing'Cr'Jを
HCy tvith thc changせs of nct photosyntilctic rntcs.Tllc relations bct、
vecn trrisPiratiOn rates andr・
tt rShOtosynthctic ratcs ofnH cxPcrinlCntal PlRntS WCrc lincar relations.Fisure 2 shows the relations

bせいドccn tr,!isPiration ratcs and nct PhotOSyntlictic ratcs oF scven sPcciCS OF dcscH PlantS,
Frて,lrt 'rabic l・Rttc cRn SCt thnt thcrc arc large difrerences iil net Photosynthetic rates andtr■ oミPc not oRly cOnsidcr thc nct
Pir:8tiOn ratcs bctltPccn dilltrcilt Plarlts undcr Bood watcr conditions.ヽ

7UE)
le water use cOnditions.Watcr uSc erncicncy(帆P ' 1 0 t O S y : i t l l c t i c r a t c o r o n c k i nbdu to rtptlstot ltti・Volume 109 Nunbtr 3

155Tal)ic 2
latingshoOtsOricaves oFeight specics oFexPcrimental plants.
恥 e rnain cation contents ofassiH」
The data exPressed With means,
Number oF
sampr●

Plant na耐′
i an8orf"dめ

Sodium(Na)‐m130'k宮 ・〔)何PoLssitm(めCalcbm〔 Ca)

Ma宮 確Sttm(M8)‐・(nm。 lk呂 )3)
tmmo8 kg‐tmm●1比= う

2670

れ ,trfF̀■所

1529

209

2田

19キ

402

605

a rr cacねrra"
Cル 寛cf■閉
五 阿航

300

101S

= =肥
す

269

,■ faJp!6o1383,fffP力 rar′
ca

222

330
448

碗

192

1785

力.加 円garicPJ

is a very important teH■for describing the water use cOnditions ofdeseA plants.How desert plants can
PrOduCe dry rnattcr usin3 1ignited water supply,s vtt important For desert plants to survivc in an arid
environgnenl.Figu「 e3shows the watcr use errlciency oFetsht species experimental plants under good
watcr conditions.We carl flnd thatて ユ rerど
6θCtadRPR and J町。PcrsliC四″8 haVe higher WUE values,while
2rfPrararffa have lower WUE valucs.Comparing the results in Figs.l and 3.

宮.ごαsPfca mdユ

a rg:̀ωcraⅢ 材 卸 dれ ,frslic・
frrPr have higllcr WUE v」
ues・but with iower tclerance For wateF StreSst〃・ ワ f何 ,五 阿″:θ
ra B】
Jたsf″
.加 ●rago,cIJ9比 a,材角筋 卸宮的円(eXCepting n arPJ8rarfCa)have l。
雑 『WUEv』 ucs but with hiBhertoic『卸 Ce fOr water stress。
比 casPtCa andえ erPrrrarica have 10wer WUE
values,a Factor Rwhich is related tc the anginal enviroment oF the two specles of Plants.They are

Liu
generally distributed along river beds oron lowerinds with a hisher groundwater table(1‑3HけてYin‐
xin,1985)。

仰

︵
ｆ
Ｔ

ｍ
︒
５
２
加

こ
■ Ｅ Ｓ い言 宮 ０︐

︒
５
３

▲
▲
Lf阜
A、

陶

B C…
ｍ

■ ■―
● 比

拘

ｒ ｒ・

氏 ｏ一
０こ﹂ ｏＺ

.

T中

血

…

h・
醜 t‑1ば ・'Fig.2■lcrdatbns bctwccnt『価s「ratbn『Hcs and nct phdosynttdた
ratcs or scvcn sPcCiCS OFdcscA pinrlts,Conditions are thc sam
益 dcscribcd in Fig。1.

Cllincsc Jourrld of Arid Land Rtteatthr】.″。′
Tりrff″,ca
え ど,JPrrra′
３ Ｅ●Ｚ こ 住

'何 り ̀4
五 ra河osPsmm

'ご
どPrn
て
えゴf″
r.xr・
・
rrtrrrrc r ft f・'PrrjたP"″ o前"角を"渉研
000 050

1,00

1.50

2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50

W n t c r U i c E T E c i c n c y t H m oHt8 0C)O i m m o , ・Fig.3
111cwatcruscerrllicncyofctshtspCCtesoFdcsertplantsundeFg。

。d waterc o n d i t i o n s i n l c W u E w a s c x ep dr ぃ4 4 S m i C r o m o l a r o F C 0 2 p e r t t l l i m o l a r
WntCF 10SS accoFding to J.Paul(1983)。

■lc descA plants usually havc to face nlore or icss water strcss,The osmotic rtgulation is an
impoRmt kind or mccilanism for tilcm to nlaintain water balance.恥c的 luble salt ions Play an
impoHant part in osinctic attuStmcnt oFdcscA piants.me resulis in Tabic 2 shovr that there are rattc
mountcontentsoFcationionsintheassiHttlatingshootsorieavesOfsomespeciesofdescAPrantsbut
not aH sPeciCS oFcxPcrimental plants,Somc resenrch resuits(G.Naidoo,1994)suggeSt that the cation

oげlytcS are or60‑70%cont占
butbn toostttに配け
ustrncnt.Comparing the FeSults ofFig.1.
ionsinh】
θ″and宮 .●αJPica","θ″2月』拓Table 2・and Fig。3,lve round thatthe conccntration ofcation ions in H.α
have a ciosc reratiOn lvith drought resistance. ″ . casPitt iS a typid sPccies of halophyte.
」grJわP,is a species of xerophyte w
″:θ
″.α″』
h higher s』 t resistance.But tt ramttisslima andwithhigherdrought
resistance
did not contain higher conccntrtetion of cation ions in′:gθrlicrrs、・何ο￨・thcir assimlating shoots,lvhich shows that descrt plants have dirFerent rnechanisrlls of water stressresistance,Our rcsults susgested that the water stress resistancc has a negative relation with WUE in
our exPcriHlcntal dcscrt pl:vits.
ACKNO▼VLEDGヽ IENTS

1lSll1 0fn‖ビool,じ『llHs rcscarch wns R part Oftilc Si:lo‐
Jni〕
ntidn prdcct,■ lC Study oftile mcch価
cllnology Agcncy.
dttcHincation wtt supportcd by tilc Japancsc Scicilcc and lに
REFERENCES

阻71icll組
ld Liコlg Yuallqin:lg・
itcscarch on Pilysi61oBictt B,olosy oFPilotosynthcsis andtil 110uT拍ロ
Watcr Relations of Sぷo「Xittian8。メfra ttragね2r
aul Forests in the Cttidlu Are■θra】
Fca Si′Crθむ:fra(in cilincsc with arl Enstish915:PP,142・Abstracじ 15091991.

"ComparttitVe Studics on Pilotosynthcsis and Water
Natori,and K.Omasa・
121 L.Xidominge■cra』ara,fca ttRfCa
Rciations oFTlvo Specics Of Haloxylon Undcr Controllcd Enviromments,8メ
s h A b s t r a c t ) , 3 S ( 1 0 ) : 7p 6p 5, ・715989‐3 .
( i n C i l i r i c s c wEintgllli皿

riarfundcr
PPl″:OpriPranrrfrrrrPlttgθ
Rcindons ofズ
3i L.Xi30:Iing・■ Nnto点・Rnd K.Onlnsn6 WatlrⅢ〔d‖
E : i v i r o n t l l c】
nrti・r f ′32,199'7.
Co l l t r oせ:Z fみF せどどa r c r l1・1(1):pp 28‐

ｔＪ

Voluinc 10,Ntirllbビr3

Ecological, Physiological, and Anatomical Traits of
4】 Liu Jiaqons and Qid Mingoxin・
【
r
た
:
J
ど
G
r
o
w
n
i n D c s c r t o F Ccirlai白n a n, l" i】c a S l(iinnf cCα
ヵ
J
P
r
″
′″" r a ,′
れr
月″l肛
ダ
gθ
〕
hinese with
574,1982,
an English Abstract),24(6):pp.568。

min,いComparative Studies on Water Relations and5】Liu Jiaqong,Pu Jin,chun,and Ltu Xin‐〔

XeromorPhiC Structures oFSomc Plants SPccies in tllc Middic Pan ofhe Desei Zonc in Ch
ダa ″, 6 αS わたα( i n c h i n e s e w i t h a n E n g t i s h A b s t r a c t ) , 2 69 7: 3p ,p 1. 96 86 72 .‐】αα βn , E d .f ・r O 何J ″Dttgrrsゲ
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