iv

Notes to Authors
Submission of a paper to the Biocontrol Science implies that it has not previously
been published and that it is not being considered for publication elsewhere.
The copyright of the material（paper and on line journal）published in the journal isheld by the society.
At least one of authors or afﬁliated institution must be a member of the Society for
Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents, Japan, except for overseas authors. The preferredmedium of submission is on disk with accompanying manuscript（see below）. The
paper should be in English.
Contributed articles are full length original papers limited to 8 printed pages, notes andcommunications limited to 4 printed pages, and minireview papers limited to 8 pages.
The charges for publication are ￥10,800, for full length original papers and minireview
papers and ￥5,400 for notes and communications, per article submitted on disk, or￥16,200 and ￥10,800, respectively, per article submitted in print only, within the above
limits. There will be a charge of ￥6,480 for each page exceeding the limits.
Original manuscript plus two copies should be sent to the Editor-in-Chief. Two copies
of in-press and submitted manuscripts, if cited, should also be enclosed. Submitted
papers should conform to the following：
1. Manuscripts should be printed with a font size of 11.5 or 12（also References,Tables and Figure legends）and preferably in 25 lines per page with 2.5 cm-wide
margins on the right and left sides of the paper. Please do not justify the rightmargin.
2. The ﬁrst page should include（1）the title of the manuscript（without subtitle）,（2）the name（s）of all author（s）,（3）the institution（s）where the work was done
and the full address including postal code,（4）telephone number and fax number,and e-mail（5）the present address, if necessary,（6）the corresponding author'sname（please mark with asterisk）and the full address,（7）a list of three to ﬁve keywords, and（8）a short running title of no more than 40 characters.
3. The text of original paper should be divided into（a）an ABSTRACT of within 200words,（b）INTRODUCTION,（c）MATERIALS AND METHODS（d）RESULTS,（e）DISCUSSION,（f）ACKNOWLEDGMENTS and（g）REFERENCES. Items（d）and（e）may be combined. In notes and communications,（a）should be within 150
words and the text should not be divided, except for（a）and（g）. Please indicate
in the right margin where ﬁgures and tables are to be inserted.
4. The paper should not form part of a numbered series.
5. For key words, general terms such as Membrane , Structure , Enzyme ,Inactivation , etc. should not be used. Instead, e.g. Membrane structure , Enzyme
inactivation are appropriate.
6. Line drawing should be in black ink on white paper. Half-tone photograph should
be submitted as sharp and contrasting glossy prints. Legends for these must be
typed on a separate sheet. These should be of a quality suitable for direct repro

v
duction and approximately twice the size that they will appear. The preferable widthof printed size for column is within 75mm. The maximum printed size for pageis 165mm × 220 mm. Figures and tables should also be compiled on separate
sheets, each of which author（s）names and the number were noted with pencil.
7. For nomenclature, abbreviations and units authors should follow internationally accepted general rules. See Tables 1, 2, and 3.
8. References in the text should be cited as follows: for two authors, Hugo andFranklin（1968）； for three or more authors, Reid et al.（1995）. References topapers by the same author（s）in the same year should be distinguished by theletters, a, b, c, etc.（for example, 1995a）. References at the end of the paper mustbe given in alphabetical order, except for papers with three or more authors, whichshould be listed in chronological order after any other papers by the ﬁrst author. See
examples below for references to journals and books.
Hugo, W. B., and Franklin, I.（1968）Cellular lipid and the antistaphylococcal
activity of phenols. J. Gen. Microbiol., 52, 365-373.
Kourai, H., Manabe, Y., Matsutani, E., Hasegawa, Y., and Nakagawa, K.（1995）
Antimicrobial activities of alkylallyldimethylammonium iodides and alkylallyldiethylammonium iodides. J. Antibact. Antifung. Agents, 23, 271-280.〔Before1996〕
Ueda, S., Mineno, J., and Kuwabara, Y.（1999）Evaluation of the PCR method
for the detection of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in foods and othermeterials（in Japanese）. Bokin Bobai, 27, 441-446.〔After 1997〕
Reid, G., Khoury, A., and Nickel, J. C.（1991）The process of microbial bioﬁlm
formation in medical devices. In Biodeterioration and Biodegradation 8（Rossmoore, H. W., ed.）, pp. 187-195, Elsevier Science Publishers, NewYork.
9. Submission on disk is obliged. The preferred storage medium is a 3.5 inch disk.
After ﬁnal acceptance, the disk（labeled with corresponding author s name, the ﬁlename（please give one name for whole article）, the type of computer, and wordprocessing package used）plus one ﬁnal, printed version as a printout should besubmitted together to the Editorial Ofﬁce. Authors should conﬁrm that the ﬁle on
disk and the printout are identical.
10. Proofs will be sent to authors. No changes to the original manuscript will be allowed
at this stage. Alterations at the proofs stage may be charged for by the Publishers.
Reprint order can be made at the proofs stage. Authors will be charged for a minimumof 50 copies.
Authors in Japan also should refer the Instructions to Authors in Japanese , which is
described in Journal of Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 167-177（2013）, before submission of the paper.
The Code of Ethics of the Society for Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents, Japan is asfollows:1）The papers intended for the human body shall be the studies conducted withrespect for the Declaration of Helsinki （1964, Revised 2008）, Ethical Guidelinesvifor Epidemiological Studies by the Ministry of Education/ the Ministry of Health,
Labor and Welfare; Ethical Guidelines for Clinical Studies by the Ministry of Health,
Labor and Welfare; Ethical Guidelines for Studies on the Human Genome and Gene
Analyses by the Ministry of Education / the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare /the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and other similar ethical guidelines. Ineither case, please add a note, in a submitted paper, that the study has been conducted with the approval of the Ethical Review Board of an afﬁliated organization.
2）The papers dealing with animals shall be the studies that have been conductedwith respect for the guideline for animal experiments speciﬁed by the Ethical Review
Board of the affiliated organization based on the intention of Act on Welfare andManagement of Animals ; Basic Guidlines for Conducting Animal Experimentsin the Organization Under the Jurisdiction of the Ministry of Health, Labour andWelfare ; and Standard for Breeding/Safekeeping of Animals for Experiments andthe Reduction of Pain by the Ministry of the Environment. Please add a note, in a
submitted paper, that the study has been conducted with the approval of the Ethical
Review Board of an afﬁliated organization.

vii
TABLE １. Selected quantities, units, and symbols.
Quantity

Symbol

Unit

Timet

LengthArea
VolumelA
V

Mass
Concentration
Amount of substance
Molecular mass
Relative molecular mass
Molar mass
Temperature
Heat
Electricity and magnetismElectric current
Potential difference
Capacitance
Magnetic ﬁeld strength
Resistance
Conductivity
Force
Pressure
Sedimentation coefﬁcient
Density
Relative density
Viscosity
Frequency
Wavelength
AbsorbanceTransmittance
Molar absorption coefﬁcient
Ionic strength
EnergyGibbs free energy
Equilibrium constantMichaelis constantInhibition constant
Rate constant
Rate of reaction
Other units
Curie
RoentgenmCnm
Mr
M
Tq, Q

yr（not year）, mo（not month）, wk（not week）,d（not day）, h（not hour）, min, s（not second）,ms, μs, nsm, mm, μm（not μ）, nm
2222m , cm , mm , μm , nm2m3, dm3, cm3, mm3, μm3, nm3kl, l, ml, μl, nl
kg, mg, μg（not γ）, ng
M, mM, μM, nM
mol, mmol, μmol, nmolDa（dalton）
dimensionlessg･mol−1
K, ℃
kJ, J（not cal）

I
VCHRκ
FPsρ
dη
ν, fλ
A
TεI
EGK
KmKikv

A, mA, μA
V, mV, μV
F（farad）
G（gauss）
ΩS（Ω−1）
N（kg･m･s−2）
Pa（N･m−2）, atm, bar, mbar, torr, kg/cm2, mm Hg
13S（＝10 s）
g･cm−3
dimensionless
P（＝0.1 Pa･s）
Hznm（not mμ）
dimensionlessdimensionless
M−1･cm−1
M（mol･l−1）, mM
J（not cal）
J（not cal）
dimensionless
M, mM
M, mM
s−1, M･s−1
mol･s−1, mmol･s−1（cont'd）

Ci
R

viii
（cont'd）Acceleration of gravity

gPreﬁxes for units ： E, exa（10 ）； P, peta（1015）： T, tera（1012）； G, giga（109）； M,mega（106）； k, kilo（103）； h, hecto（102）； da, deca（101）； d, deci（10−1）； c, centi（10−2）； m, milli（10−3）； μ, micro（10−6）； n, nano（10−9）； p, pico（10−12）； f,femto（10−15）；a, atto（10−18）
.
18

ix
TABLE ２. Abbreviations for words other than units, quantities, or chemical compounds.
BOD
b.p.
calc.
cf.
COD
conc.
concn
cpm
dil.
dpm
e.g.
et al.
Expt.（pl. Expts.）
Fig.（pl. Figs.）
i.e.
max.
min.
m-, p-, om.p.
nno.
％p.（pl. pp.）
ppb
ppm
ppt.
ref.（pl. refs.）
Rfrpm
S.D.
S.E.
secspec. act.
temp.
tert-（t-）
UVvol.（pl. vols.）
vs.
v/v
vvm
wt.
w/v
w/w

biological oxygen demandboiling point
calculatedcomparechemical oxygen demand
concentrated
concentration
counts per minute
dilutedisintegration per minutefor example
et alia（and others）
Experiment（s）
Figure（s）
that ismaximum
minimum
meta-, para-, orthomelting point
normalnumberpercentpage（s）
parts per billion
parts per million
precipitatereference（s）
distance traveled by zone, divided by distance traveled by solvent
front
revolutions per minutestandard deviation
standard error
secondaryspeciﬁc activity
temperaturetertiary
ultraviolet
volume（s）
versusvolume：volume
volume per volume per minuteweightweight：volumeweight：weightx
TABLE ３. Abbreviations for chemical compounds（these abbreviations may be usedwithout deﬁnition）.
ADP
AMPATPATPase
CoADNA
cDNA
DNase
EDTA
FAD
FMN
NAD, NAD＋NADH
NADP, NADP＋
NADPH
RNAmRNA
rRNAtRNA
RNase
SDS
Tris

adenosine 5 -diphosphateadenosine 5 -monophosphateadenosine 5 -triphosphateadenosine triphosphatasecoenzyme A
deoxyribonucleic acidcomplementary DNA
deoxyribonuclease
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acidﬂavin adenine dinucleotide
ﬂavin mononucleotide
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
reduced NAD
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
reduced NADPribonucleic acidmessenger RNA
ribosomal RNA
transfer RNA
ribonucleasesodium dodecylsulfate
Tris（hydroxymethyl）aminomethane

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