Today’s Topic
E-waste Recycling
ANMC21 Study Course on 3Rs and Waste Management
Wed, 5 February,2014
Sakina Isobe
Tokyo Environmental Public Service Corporation
Isobe-s@tokyokankyo.jp
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Sharing experience of Asian cities• Bangkok, Thailand• Delhi, India• Manila, Philippines• Singapore• Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
2IN THE CASE OF JAPAN3

E-waste Recycling in Japan• Law for Recycling of Specified Kinds of Home
Appliances (1998)• Targeting 4 items

Air Conditioner

Refrigerator
Source : http://www.meti.go.jp/policy/kaden_recycle/ekade00j.html

TVWash Machine4Why were 4 items targeted?
• It was difficult for local governments to disposeof those large sized appliances.

• The 4 items were just dumped at the final
disposal site without recycling process.
• The retailer has a home-delivery service for 4items.

Stakeholder in this law
Retailer

Consumer Transfer 4items toretailer properly
 Pay the necessary cost
for appropriate
recycling

To share costfor recycling

 Collect 4 items whichwere sold by their shops
in the past Collect 4 items when
consumer ask them tocollect old one when
they buy new one at theshop Surely transport 4 items
to producers

Collection &transportation fee
Recycling fee

Source : http://www.meti.go.jp/policy/kaden_recycle/ekade00j.html

Producer Accept 4 items whichwere produced bythemselves in the past
 Recycle

To charge C&Tfee
To charge
recycling fee

6Manifest system• This is the mechanism to manage and visualize the transportation of 4 items fromretailer to producer.
• The manifest consists of 5 sheets and is issued & managed by retailer.
consumer

RetailerIssuance and manage the manifest

Copy forconsumer
When retailer comes to collect it,
consumer receive this copy. Thisshould be prepared each by each.
・Issuance date・Consumer’s name and TEL#
・Information of discharging item

Consumer is able to confirm its
progress of recycling process online.
Source : http://www.meti.go.jp/policy/kaden_recycle/ekade00j.html

ProducerAt the 「Stockyard」, they refer
the copy and receive the copy forproducer.
・The date of delivery
・Stockyard’s name and address

Copy for refer
Original（Keep filing 3 years）

Copy for producer（Keep filing 3 years）
Copy for sticker
on the item7How should 4 items be recycled?
• Definition of recycling in this law.
A) To remove resources or parts and reuse them by producer
itselfB) To remove resources or parts and transfer them to otherparty with charge or free of charge• Minimum requirement of recycling ratio in each item
– The rest part should also be recycled as much as possible.

Air Conditioner
70%

CRT-TV
55%

Source : http://www.meti.go.jp/policy/kaden_recycle/ekade00j.html

Flat-TV
50%

Fridge60%

Wash machine65%

HOW IS TV RECYCLED IN REAL?

9I bought a new flat-TV at the retail shop.
 Retailer delivers new TV to my house from the shop.
 On the way back, retailer collect old TV from myhouse.
Finally! New TV is coming! I am happy
because they also collect old one. It
was right that I asked them to collectit when I bought the new one!

Source : http://www.meti.go.jp/policy/kaden_recycle/ekade00j.html

10Retailer collects used-TV
 Retailer issues manifest and hands a copy to consumer.
 The manifest is attached to the item.
 Retailer charges the cost for recycling
RetailerConsumer
Manifest

used

Recycling fee￥2,835(USD 283)

NEW

Copy for consumer

Collection fee￥525 (USD5)

Source : http://www.meti.go.jp/policy/kaden_recycle/ekade00j.html

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Retailer transports used-TV to a stockyard(SY) Producer prepares stockyards.
 Retailer transfers the recycling fee to producer.
 SY confirms manifest and the item if there is some mistake.
Retailer

SY (Producer)
リサイクル券used

Collection fee￥525(USD5)

Recycling fee￥2,835(USD283)

Producer

Source : http://www.meti.go.jp/policy/kaden_recycle/ekade00j.html

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SY transports used-TV to recycling facility
 Producer prepares recycling facility.
 The recycling facility conducts recycling activity.
SY (Producer)

Recycling facility(Producer)
usedSource : http://www.meti.go.jp/policy/kaden_recycle/ekade00j.html

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My used TV is recycled!
There are several process such as manual
dismantling, crushing and magnetic sorting.
manualCollected usedTVmechanicalprintedcircuit board

used

IronTV housing

Mix
metal

Cuppercrash

Recyclable
plastic

Plastics

CRTCRT

LandfillThose items are also removed andreused.
Electrongun

Panel grass

Funnel grass

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Source : http://www.meti.go.jp/policy/kaden_recycle/ekade00j.html

Cooperation of recycling practiceProducers make two group to practicerecycling.
Group-A

Group-B

No. of producers : 31
Toshiba
Panasonic
LG Electronics Japan
Samsung JapanJVC Kenwood
Etc…..

No. of producers : 25
Sharp
SonyHitachi
Mitsubishi
Etc….

No. of Stockyard : 369
No. of recycling facility : 31

No. of recycling facility : 1615

Enforcement of law
30,000(unit: Thousand set)
Green home appliancepromotion campaign
program by National
Government
2009/5～2011/3

25,000Complement oftransfer toterrestrial digitalmedia broadcasting
2011/720,00015,000

Enactment of the Law

10,0005,00002001
Wash machine 1,929
Fridge2,191
flat-TV
0
CRT-TV
3,083
A/C
1,334

2002
2,425
2,563
0
3,517
1,635

2003
2,662
2,665
0
3,551
1,585

2004
2,813
2,802
0
3,787
1,814

2005
2,953
2,820
0
3,857
1,990

Source : http://www.aeha.or.jp/recycling_report/03.html

2006
2,943
2,716
0
4,127
1,828

2007
2,884
2,725
0
4,613
1,890

2008 2009 2010
2,821 3,087 3,136
2,746 3,007 3,4000
218
654
5,365 10,320 17,3681,968 2,154 3,142

2011
3,151
2,843
599
7,866
2,341

2012
3,145
2,919
491
2,282
2,359

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80% of discarded items are recycled
under the law in 2011

Number of used 4 items
31,360,000 sets

20% of total
used items
are reused.

80% of total
used items
are discarded.

Second-hand Use
7,290,000 sets

Recycled under thelaw
19,570,000 sets

Import forsecond-use
2,940,000

80% ofdiscarded
items arerecycled.

0.5% of discarded
items

Illegaldumping
161,000

Domesticuse
960,000

Scrapping & exporting
4,570,000 sets
https://www.env.go.jp/council/03recycle/y032-22/mat05.pdf

Export forscrap
3,620,000

17Important role of local government• Collected by local government before theenactment of law• PR campaign toward residents have been
conducting to support the enforcement of thelaw.
The items that city cannot collect

Source : Shinjuku city, Tokyo Distribution ofguidebooks for waste &recycling Visit communities andcall for residents to becooperate with the law

18Movement of “Design for Environment”• Producer voluntarily practices :– Design of ease-to-dismantle for recycling– Use ease-to-recycle material– R&D for environmental friendly design andproduction considering the lifecycle of products
BeforeAfter

Panel : 8
Clasp: 30
Molded parts : 26
Screws : 144

Panel : 5
Clasp: 5
Molded parts : 8
Screws : 63
Source:http://www.pa-aeha.jp/assessment/display_list25.php

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Key Points of E-waste Recycling in Japan• The recycling of 4 items is accomplished acertain result now.
– Utilizing the existing home-delivering route forcollection was effective.
– Producer practices proper recycling and fulfills therequirement of recycling ratio.
– “Design for Environment” was driven by producers
as a ripple effect20

What about PC recycling in Japan?
• Producer and importer have mandate
responsibility to recycle from collection• The recycling cost has been added to theselling price (Consumer pays the cost atpurchase)• This system was practiced under the othernational law named “Law for Promotion ofEffective Utilization of Resources”
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For further promotion of resource recycling• New recycling law for small home appliances– This is not a mandate program– Interested local government can join this program– Licensed recycler conducts recycling activity• Must accept the appliances collected by local
government22

LET’S VISIT RECYCLING FACILITY AND
HAVE A LOOK AT ACTUAL OPERATION!
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