Special Feature

Notional Image of a Future Hydrogen-Based Society

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Our Efforts toward the Creation of aHydrogen-Based Society

Produce hydrogen

Transport hydrogen
Store hydrogen

Use hydrogen

H2OWaterProducing hydrogen throughwind power generation

Energy demand and consumption are expected to increase on a global scale as the world economy continues to grow,driven by economic expansion in emerging countries. This will entail greater consumption of petroleum and other fossil
fuels, and reducing the resulting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is becoming an issue of increasing significance.
One promising solution to this issue is hydrogen. Hydrogen is present on earth in virtually inexhaustible
quantities and can be produced in many ways. We can expect a sustainable, stable supply of hydrogen into
the future.
Hydrogen can also compensate for certain drawbacks of electricity as it can be transported and stored in agaseous, liquid or solid form. As such, the Japanese government, local governments and industry work jointly andextensively to utilize and spread the use of hydrogen.
Toyota Industries, in promoting innovations of environmental and energy technologies based on the 3Es (Energy,Environmental protection and Ecological thinking), has been focusing on hydrogen energy and accelerating thedevelopment of fuel cell technology.
This special feature highlights our efforts to date in creating a hydrogen-based society.

Producing hydrogen fromliquefied natural gas (LNG)

Hydrogentransport truck

Hydrogencarrier vessel

Hydrogentanks

Producing hydrogenfrom solar heat

Home-use fuel cell
Fuel cell vehicle

Fuel cell vehicle
Hydrogen station

Fuel cell towing tractor
Fuel cell bus
Fuel cell lift truck

Large fuel cell

Fuel cell vehicle

Our Products to Support “MIRAI,”
the World’s First Mass-Produced
Fuel Cell Vehicle
The MIRAI is the world’s first mass-produced fuel cell vehicle(FCV) released by Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC). It has
drawn much public attention as an ultimate eco car thatemits only water and no CO2 while in motion. At its core arecomponents developed by Toyota Industries, such as anoxygen-supplying air compressor and a hydrogen circulation
pump, playing crucial roles and supporting the driving
performance of this next-generation vehicle.
(See page 28 for details.)

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Toyota Industries Report 2015

Oxygen-supplying air
compressor for FCV

Use of Fuel Cell Technology in
Lift Trucks

Hydrogen circulation
pump for FCV

Fuel cell vehicle

Electric car
air-conditioning
compressor

Inverter for hydrogen
circulation pump

Many lift trucks operate at various logistics sites across theworld, including factories, airports, seaports, warehouses
and market sites. Now, these trucks are also required todemonstrate greater environmental performance alongwith improved functionality and operability. Our fuel cell (FC)lift trucks currently under development hold great promise
as next-generation lift trucks that can satisfy both of theserequirements.
(See page 29 for details.)

FC lift truck operating outdoors atKansai International Airport (feasibility test)27

Special Feature

Our Efforts toward the Creation of a Hydrogen-Based Society

Oxygen-Supplying Air Compressor and Other Toyota Industries Products Used in the MIRAI

Accelerating Development of FC Lift Trucks to Enable Eco-Friendly Logistics Operations

Development of Crucial Components to Support the Fuel Cell System, an FCV Core

Initiatives for Achieving Practical Application of Fuel Cell Technology in Lift Trucks
In the Materials Handling Equipment Business as well, we are engaging in development of next-generation lift
trucks that can simultaneously offer high environmental and economic performance, while continuing to seek higher
environmental performance in internal-combustion and electric lift trucks.

The Toyota FCV MIRAI runs on electricity generated from hydrogen and oxygen and produces no exhaust emissions
or CO2 when driven. This next-generation vehicle, which delivers both superior environmental performance and thepleasure of driving, has been equipped with crucial components developed by Toyota Industries.
Oxygen-Supplying Air Compressor to Support
Driving Pleasure
The MIRAI offers smooth driving performance, excellent
acceleration from startup and a cruising range ofapproximately 650 km in one hydrogen charge. Thesefeatures are supported by our oxygen-supplying aircompressor, which takes in and compresses air and feeds
oxygen required to generate electricity into the fuel cell.
Based on a range of technologies we have cultivated in thedevelopment of car air-conditioning compressors, weadopted the world’s first six-lobe helical root-type rotor andattained high air compression efficiency in the idling period
and during acceleration.
An FCV is a type of electric vehicle that runs onelectricity generated using hydrogen as fuel, and a high levelof operational quietness is required for its components whenthe vehicle is in motion. Our development efforts thus
concentrated on achieving exceptionally high operational
quietness while at the same time creating sound that evokes
the stirring takeoff of acceleration. We have contributed tothe delivery of driving exhilaration, going a step beyond
simply offering an environmentally excellent vehicle.

How a Fuel Cell Works Under a certain condition, hydrogen and oxygen

Oxygen-supplying
air compressor
Compresses and efficiently
supplies air into the fuel cell

Oxygen (O2)

OxygenWater(H2O)

Electricitygeneration

Oxygen + hydrogen =Electricity + water

Oxygen + hydrogen =Electricity + water

FC stack(electricitygeneration unit)

FC stack(electricitygeneration unit)

Toyota Industries Report 2015

Water

Circulates a portion of hydrogenthat did not undergo a chemical
reaction and the water generated
in the FC stack

Hydrogencirculation pump
Humidification

HydrogenHydrogen(H2)Hydrogen tank

Water discharge (H2O)

as the water generated in the FC stack. However, increasing
the amount of water to be circulated by the pump means alarger quantity of water remains within the pump when thevehicle comes to a stop. This water freezes at extremely low
temperatures and hinders the start of the electricity
generation process. We modified the internal structure of thepump to improve the system’s ability to start operation atlower temperatures and contributed to the elimination of ahumidifier.

For Achieving Even Greater FCV Performance

Toyota Industries’ hydrogen circulation pump contributes tothe reduced size and weight and greater efficiency of thefuel cell system.
The FC stack, a unit to generate electricity, produces
electricity more efficiently in a wet condition. For this reason,
a humidifier was installed in a conventional fuel cell system,
making size reduction difficult. In order to remove thehumidifier from the system, we decided to shift its role to ahydrogen circulation pump, which circulates a portion ofhydrogen that did not undergo a chemical reaction as wellHydrogenElectricity
generation

OxygenOxygen-supplying air compressor

Newly Developed Hydrogen Circulation Pump toHelp Reduce Size and Weight of the Fuel CellSystemImproving Reliability of FC Lift Trucks throughFeasibility Tests

react together and generate electricity and water.
A fuel cell is created by applying this principle.

Hydrogen circulation pump28

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Our excellence stems from our compression-related
expertise accumulated in the Car Air-Conditioning
Compressor Business and from our technologicalcapabilities for size and weight reductions, fuel savings andmachining. Based on this technical superiority and our total
strengths resulting from our involvement in a diverse rangeof businesses, we closely collaborated with the Electronics
Division and succeeded in developing crucial componentsfor FCVs.
Looking ahead, we will accelerate development of fuelcell technology to contribute to the enhancement of theproduct appeal of FCVs.

Growing Potential of FC Lift Trucks
Lift trucks are used not only outdoors but also in suchindoor logistics sites as warehouses and factories. Their
indoor use makes superior environmental performance andquieter operation all the more important. Leveraging thetechnologies and know-how accumulated in the field of lift
trucks, we are carrying out R&D of FC lift trucks that offer
high environmental as well as economic performance.
We believe that such FC lift trucks have the potential togenerate a range of benefits as follows.
1)	FC lift trucks realize excellent environmental performance,as their operation only generates water but emits noCO2 or substances of concern, thereby contributing to acleaner and more comfortable logistics environment.
2)	Hydrogen refueling just takes about three minutes,
allowing longer continuous uptime without battery
charging or replacement and thus enabling a significant
improvement in operational efficiency.
3)	Not having to replace the battery eliminates the need fora storage space and charging equipment, thereby
saving indoor space.
4)	Equipped with external power supply functionality, FC lift
trucks can be used as a mobile electricity generator topower electric tools during ordinary times and as anemergency power source in case of a disaster-induced
power outages.

We have been conducting feasibility tests in order to raise
the reliability of FC lift trucks and achieve their early
application in practical fields.
We participated in the Kitakyushu Smart Community
Project jointly undertaken by the Ministry of Economy, Tradeand Industry and Kitakyushu City and carried out a feasibility
test of our FC lift trucks for two years from 2012. During thetest, we operated FC lift trucks equipped with a compact
and highly efficient lift truck fuel cell system jointly developedwith TMC at the Kitakyushu Plant of Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd.
and worked to reduce CO2 emissions and attain the levelingof energy consumption.
In addition, we have been
participating in the “Hydrogen GridProject” taking place at KansaiInternational Airport. In 2015, westarted collecting data on theoperations and effectiveness of “Wellto Wheel*” CO2 emissions reduction
FC lift truck operating in a warehouseby operating the same FC lift truck(feasibility test)
used in the Kitakyushu project under
different usage conditions. Moreover,
we have developed a new practicaluse lift truck model fitted with thesame fuel cell used in the Toyota
MIRAI FCV as a means to achieve
better reliability and durability as well
as lower costs.
* From extraction of fuel raw materials to operation oflift trucks

Refueling with hydrogen

Working from Indoor Logistics toward theCreation of a Hydrogen-Based Society
Creating a hydrogen-based society requires an appropriate
infrastructure, including hydrogen stations. Such aninfrastructure is easier to set up for lift trucks than FCVs
because lift trucks usually operate within a limited area, suchas in a factory. Through the development and use of FC lift
trucks, we aim to promote the establishment of the required
infrastructure within an airport or a factory and contribute to
the creation of a hydrogen-based society by capitalizing on
our experience in the field of indoor logistics.

Accelerating Efforts for the Creation of a Hydrogen-Based Society
As a technology to reduce CO2 emissions and respond to energy diversification, the use of fuel cells has been expanding inautomobiles as well as for residential applications (ENE-FARM fuel cell system). However, there are still a number of issues toovercome before their practical use can spread on a full-fledged basis, which include reducing costs, improving reliability,establishing an infrastructure and lowering retail prices of hydrogen fuel.
Toyota Industries, with its total strengths spanning diverse business fields, will accelerate its efforts toward the creation ofa hydrogen-based society by making maximum use of resources available within the Toyota Industries Group and capitalizing
on a pool of technology and experience accumulated to date.

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