Supporting
utility

Water and Sewer Bureau of the City of
Kitakyushu (WSBK)

On recipient utility

Case No.

1

Data from2013 to 2017

Recipientutility

Haiphong Water Joint Stock Company (HWC) in Vietnam

Cooperationyear

2009 to Present

Service area

Haiphong City

Service

population※1

Urban area: N/A※2
Rural area: N/A
Total: 1.36 million

Servicecoverage※3




Urban area: N/A
Rural area: N/A
70% of service area

170,000 m3/day

Maximum
water
distribution

Distribution capacity:
185,000 m3/day

Water
consumption
per capita

N/A

NRW※5

13.0%

Water source

RiversPipe length※6

2,300 kmNo. of WTP※7

7

Water
distribution

※4

Water
treatment

No. of
Employees※8

1,157

Coagulation + Sedimentation + Rapid filtration + Chlorine Disinfection

Water rates※9 4.7 USD/10m3 (1 USD = 22,425 VND)
On technical cooperation
Background  In April 2009, Haiphong City and Kitakyushu City signed a "Friendship

Cooperation Agreement".
Upon the agreement, HWC called for WSBK to provide technicalcooperation to solve HWC’s water related issues.
WSBK sub mit s a p ropo sal to the Japan International CooperationAgency (JICA) to provide technical cooperation for Haiphong City.
In August 2010, WSBK started JICA’s technical cooperation project to※1

Source: 2014 preliminary report to provide technical cooperation for An Duong Water Treatment Plant
N/A = Not available※3
Source: 2014 preliminary report to provide technical cooperation for An Duong Water Treatment Plant※4
Source: 2014 presentation material by HWC trainees
※5
Ibid.
※6
Source: 2014 preliminary report to provide technical cooperation for An Duong Water Treatment Plant※7
WTP = Water Treatment Plant※8
Source: 2014 preliminary report to provide technical cooperation for An Duong Water Treatment Plant※9
Water rates based on “Domestic use for urban area
10,600VND/m3“ http://capnuochaiphong.com.vn/danh-muc/1/gia-nuoc-dinh-muc-35.html (as of 2017)※2

improve the efficiency of water treatment for organic substances.

Cooperative
scheme

HWC’schallenges

Cooperation framework: JICA Partnership Project
Recipient organization: HWC
Assisting organization: Kitakyushu Overseas Water Business Association(KOWBA)

Deterioration of water quality in source rivers
Water quality analysis
NRW Reduction
Distribution network management

 Water treatment


From 2010 to 2012, WSBK implemented a JICA’s PartnershipProgram to enhance HWC’s capacity to address water source
pollution due to organic substances.
Project overview-

Monitoring and treatment of organic substances-

Introduction of an advanced water treatment technology called UBCF (Upward Biological Contact Filtration)※10

Technical
cooperation
provided-

Verification of U-BCF at a demonstration plant in
Haiphong City

 NRW reduction
Future plansandprospects※10

For three years from 2013, WSBK implemented a JICA’s Partnership
Program to reduce NRW of HWC.
Project overview-

Implemented WSBK method to reduce NRW
Explored possibility of sub-dividing the distribution network to better-

control and monitor the water flow and pressures
Adopted the same mapping system as WSBK’s

HWC has actively introduced Japanese technologies and improved
their technical level. These technologies include:-

Purchase of Japanese water leak detectors-

Introduction of WSBK method to reduce NRW-

Adoption of WSBK-style mapping system

U-BCF was developed by WSBK, which has its patent in Japan. For the technical features of U-BCF,
please see a report regarding WSBK’s water treatment processes on the website of NewTap:
http://www.jwrc-net.or.jp/aswin/en/newtap/report/NewTap_Japan_002_04.pdf



Figures andphotos

By continuing this type of technical cooperation, WSBK also envisages tohelp Japanese companies to develop their businesses in foreign countries.

▲ U-BCF demonstration plant in Haiphong City

▲U-BCF treatment processSupporting
utility

Yokohama City Waterworks Bureau(YWWB)On recipient utility

Case No.

2

Data
from

2017

RecipientutilityThua Thien Hue Water Supply Joint Stock Company1 (HueWACO) in Vietnam

Cooperationyear

2003 to Present

Service area

Hue Province

Servicepopulation



Water
distribution

Hue Province: 0.98 million



Hue Province: 83.0%(Hue City: 99.5%)（Hue City:0.35 million）

Servicecoverage

Urban area: N/A2
Rural area: N/A
132,000 m3/day

Maximum
water
distribution

200,000 m3

Water
consumption
per capita

125 L/person/day

NRW

Approx. 11.5%

Water source

RiversPipe length

3,450kmNo. of WTP330

No. of
Employees

550

Water
treatment

Rapid filtration (urban area) + Chlorine disinfection
Ave. 0.37 USD/ m3

Water rates*The tariff has three categories: domestic, governmental and commercial use.
*Exemption is applied to suburb area and the poor, by approximately 10% and
20% respectively.

1

The company name changed on January 1, 2017. The former company name was Thua Thien Hue Construction
and Water Supply State-Owned Company Limited (HueWACO)
2
3

N/A = Not available
WTP = Water Treatment Plant

On technical cooperation
Background
Since 2003, Yokohama Waterworks Bureau (YWWB) has provided technicalcooperation to Thua Thien Hue Water Supply Joint Stock Company(HueWACO) in Vietnam. Such cooperation contributed to HueWACO’s “Safewater declaration” in Hue Province in 2009, which assures citizens that the
tap water supplied by HueWACO is safe enough to drink. YWWB continues
technical cooperation through several JICA projects and the agreement
between two parties concluded in 2017
The timeline of YWWB’s technical cooperation for HuwWACO is shown
below: JICA Partnership Program:“ Improvement of Water Utility
Management” (2003-2006)
Through trainee acceptance and expert dispatches, YWWB worked with
HueWACO to identify their technical and administrative challenges; and,based on discussion, it contributed to developing staffs’ capacity enoughto improve the management of water services.
 JICA Project on Human Resources Development for Water Sector in the
Middle Region of Vietnam (2007-2009)
YWWB offered technical cooperation in various fields including water
quality management, water distribution management, human resource
development and customer service, which consequently led to “Safewater declaration”.
 JICA Project on Capacity Development for Urban Water Supply Utilities
in the Central Region of Vietnam (2010-2013)
Aiming to disseminate the HueWACO’s achievement in “Water Safety
Plan” to surrounding 17 provinces in the middle Vietnam, YWWB
cooperated to establish a training center for the water utilities in thecentral region and to promote the use of various operational manuals of
HueWACO in wider regions of Vietnam. These supports contributed tobuilding a model of human resource development for water utilities in atargeted region.
 JICA Partnership Program for Vietnam-Yokohama Safety Water Supply
Management Project（2013－2016）
YWWB carried out the project aiming to establish a stable managementof waterworks and to improve access to ”Safe water” in Mid-Southregion of Vietnam through the technologies offered by the members of
Yokohama Water Business Association.

Installation of SCADA system

Training on leakage detection

Cooperative
schemeRecipientutilities’
challenges

Technical
cooperation
provided Memorandum of Understanding on Technical Cooperation with Water
Supply Utilities and Other Entities in Vietnam (2009 to 2012 and 2012 to2015 with three entities, 2015 to 2018 with five entities)
In August 2009, YWWB signed a
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on athree-year technical cooperation with three
entities: HueWACO, Ho Chi Minh City
Waterworks Corporation, and a southernwaterworks training center of the second
construction school of the Ministry of
Seminar in July, 2017
Construction.
Based on this MoU, YWWB contributed to the capacity development of
the three entities by hosting training programs for their staff members
and by sending YWWB experts to deliver a presentation at various
technical seminars hosted in Vietnam. In November 2014, the MoU was
renewed for three more years. Further, in July 2015, two more entities
joined the MoU: Da Nang Municipal Water Supply Company and acentral region’s waterworks training center of the urban construction
school of the Ministry of Construction.
Primary organizations are as follows: Vietnam: HueWACO
 Japan: YWWB and member companies of the Yokohama Water Business
Association
 Expansion, to other water utilities, of YWWB’s technical expertise andexperiences shared so far with HueWACO
 Further capacity development of HueWACO staff
 Building of a cooperative relation between Vietnam and Japanesecompanies. For this purpose, YWWB has been working on public-private
partnership based on its 15-year cooperative relations with HueWACO to
improve water services in Vietnam
 Memorandum of Understanding Between Yokohama Waterworks
Bureau – Japan And Thua Thien Hue Water Supply Joint Stock Company– Vietnam (2017-)
YWWB and HueWACO concluded MoU with the aim of further
developing both parties’ water services and supporting businesspromotion of Yokohama Water Business Association member
companies. Based on this MoU, YWWB plans to work on the following
activities through training programs, expert dispatches, exhibitions andseminars.
-Improvement of water treatment plant-Establishment of training center-Construction of water memorial museum-Support and opportunity offering for the business promotion of Water
Business Association member companies

YWWB will continue dialogue with HueWACO and other utilities in Vietnam toconsider how YWWB could further support water supply in Vietnam throughFuture planspublic-private partnerships. YWWB will share the project outcomes withandmembers of the Yokohama Water Business Association so that theprospects
association members could refer to the pioneering examples of international
public-private partnerships and enhance their future activities.

Saitama City Waterworks Bureau(SCWB)

Supporting utility
About recipient utility

Case No.

3

Data from2018

RecipientutilityThree leading Water Supply State Enterprises of Lao PDR

Cooperationyear

1992 to present

Service area

Vientiane Capital, Luang Prabang Province, and Khammouane Province
Urban area: 767,000
Rural area: Total: 767,000

Service coverage

Urban area: 70.4%
Rural area: -Water
distribution

204,000 m3/d

Maximum water
distribution

402,000 m3/d
(32.9+5.5+1.8)(facility capacity)

Water
consumption
per capita

135-200 L/person/d1

NRW

32.15%

Water source

RiversPipe length

2,998 km
(2,404+409+185)

No. of WTP2

25 (12+9+4)

No. of Employees

1,051 (688+156+207)

Servicepopulation

Water
treatment

Coagulation + Sedimentation + Rapid filtration + Chlorine Disinfection

Water rates

2.07 USD (17,690 LAK)3

About technical cooperation
Background
The Saitama City Waterworks Bureau (SCWB) has provided technicalcooperation primarily to the Vientiane Capital Water Supply State Enterprise(NPNL4) that services Vientiane Capital in Laos. NPNL’s service coverage is 69%
and its population served accounts for 40% of the whole population. For
comparison, the average service coverage in Laos is 21%. As the largest state
enterprise of water supply, NPNL is expected to be a role model for otherwater utilities and support their activities.
In addition to NPNL, SCWB is currently working with two other watersupply state enterprises, the Luang Prabang Province Water Supply State
1

Based on 2015 statistics
WTP = Water Treatment Plant
3
1LAK = 0.0001117 USD (as of April 1, 2019) Basis for calculation: [1,300 (LAK/m 3, 1-10 m3) x 10 m3 + 3,900(LAK/maintenance fees /month/φ15 mm)] Calculated according to the water rates in Vientiane Capital
4 The acrynyms for the three leadning utilities of Laos (NPNL, NPLB, and NPKM) are all based on the Laos language. For
example, NPNL stands for "NamPapa Nakhong Luang" in Laos language, which means "Vientiane Capital Water Supply
State Enterprise" in English. NamPapa means "water supply utility" and Nakhong Luang means "Capital".
2

Enterprise (NPLB) and the Khammouane Province Water Supply StateEnterprise (NPKM). NPLB and NPKM respectively provide water service inLuang Prabang Province in the country’s north and Khammouane Province inthe country’s south. The working relation between SCWB and NPNL, NPLB and
NPKM is part of a technical cooperation project managed by the Japan
International Cooperation Agency (JICA). The three utilities were selected aspilot areas of this project, whose purpose is to expand areas of JICA’s
assistance outside Vientiane Capital. At the moment, SCWB is also working
with the three utilities in a JICA grass-roots technical cooperation whichstarted in June 2018.










2002 – 2005: JICA technical cooperation project: Capacity developmentof water supply system
2006 – 2008: JICA grass-roots technical cooperation: Improvement ofpipe maintenance and management
2010 – 2011: Twinning program between SCWB and NPNL
2012 – 2017: JICA technical cooperation project: Capacity Development
Project for Improvement of Management ability of Water Supply
Authority (MaWaSU project)5
December 2016: SCWB signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)
with NPNL, NPLB, and NPKM on cooperation to enhance Laos watersupply sector
2018 – 2023: JICA project for Improvement of Management Capacity ofWater Supply sector (MaWaSU2 project)62018 – 2021: JICA grass-roots technical cooperation for Improvement of
Pipeline Management and Maintenance in water supply state enterpriseof Laos5

About MaWaSU project:
In 1999, the Prime Minister of Laos issued an ordinance aiming to provide safe and reliable water supply for 24 hours a
day to 80% of the urban population by 2020. As of 2010, service coverage in the urban areas is 55%. To achieve thetarget, it is necessary to make further investments and save finances where possible by improving service efficiency. The
MaWaSU project was initiated in 2012 with a five-year implementation period in order to help all water supply state
enterprises in Laos to make proper facility enhancement and renewal as well as to achieve stable water supply based on
mid to long term service plans. For this project, the Water Supply Division of the Ministry of Public Works and Transport
plays a central management role, and three leading utilities, NPNL, NPLB and NPKM were selected as pilot utilities.
Source: JICA (https://www.jica.go.jp/project/laos/012/index.html)
6

About MaWaSU2 project:
Even after the completion of MaWaSU, the operational foundations are still weak in most of the water supply state
enterprises, including the three utilities, and their capital investments and renewals are heavily dependent on funds
from donors and private investments. In recent years, the number of private companies involved in the development
and operation of facilities has been increasing, but the legal system for the supervision of these private companies andthe approval of related projects has not been fully developed, resulting in the lack of an environment required for theproper operation of water supply by the public and private sectors. In light of this situation, the Laos government
requested the implementation of the technical cooperation project (Phase 2), and the MaWaSU 2 project started in May
2018 for a five-year period. MaWaSU 2 aims to address the remaining challenges of MaWaSU: strengthen the service
management capacity in the water sector and enhance related capabilities of nation-wide water supply state enterprises,with the main target being NPNL, NPLB and NPKM.
Source: JICA (https://www.jica.go.jp/project/laos/023/index.html)

Cooperative
schemeRecipientutilities’
challenges

Technical
cooperation
provided

Future plansand prospects



Relevant authority in Laos: Water Supply Division of the Ministry of
Public Works and Transport
 Recipient utility: NPNL, NPLB and NPKM
Water supply in Laos is not in pace with its rapidly growing population andwater demand. Countries including Japan and China have provided support toenhance water supply capacity and construct new water treatment plants,
but it has not been sufficient to meet the growing demand.
Another challenge is a self-governance in water supply. Due to a prime
minister’s ordinance, Laos has now in place a legal framework that requires
utilities to provide water services based on mid to long term planning as wellas conduct proper performance monitoring. However, the effectiveness of
this new requirement is rather skeptical at the moment because the country
has long depended on assistance from other countries to improve watersupply service, and thus it was not easy for the utilities to become sufficiently
self-reliant in the service management and objective settings. Under thesecircumstances, the MaWaSU project enhanced the capacity of the threeutilities to develop service management plans and they acquired basic
capabilities for managing services based on those plans. However, theoperational foundations are still fragile and the environment for effective
public-private partnerships for service management is not yet in place.
The technical cooperation started in 1994 when the predecessor of SCWB
sent its employees to Laos for the first time. Since then, SCWB has assistedwith the country’s pipeline management and human resources development.
The MaWaSU project was conducted to enhance the service planning andmonitoring capabilities of the related utilities in Laos. The subsequent
MaWaSu2 project has aimed to further enhance management structures andoperational foundations of nation-wide utilities, mostly targeting NPNL, NPLB,
and NPKM. Both MaWaSU and MaWaSU2 have been implemented incollaboration with three water utilities in Japan from Saitama Prefecture,
Kawasaki City, and Yokohama City. Also, in response to the high demand in
Laos for reducing non-revenue water, the ongoing JICA grass-roots technicalcooperation has been providing assistance in improving the construction
management and establishing construction standards for distribution pipes
and service lines, as well as in selecting and managing proper pipe materials.
The scope of the projects cover every state enterprise of water supply in Laos.
As part of the implementation, NPNL, NPLB and NPKM are providing various
lectures for other utilities in Laos. These three utilities are expected to play aleading role in supporting other utilities after the end of the projects. Thus,
the three utilities are required to further develop their leadership and overallmanagement capabilities. For this reason, future technical cooperation by
Japanese water utilities would need to be more extensive and advanced interms of human resources development as well as to encourage morevoluntary, self-regulated service management on the part of NPNL, NPLB andNPKM.

Photos▲JICA MaWaSU2 project(Suggestion for Laos members inmeeting▲JICA Grass-roots technicalcooperation (Coaching formethod of pipe installation)

Supporting
Water and Sewer Bureau of the City ofutility
Kitakyushu (WSBK)
On recipient utility
Recipientutility
Cooperation
year

Service area

Data
from

2015-20171999 to Present









Kampong Cham
Komponom
Siem Reap
Battambang
PursatSihanoukville
Subarien
Kanpot

Urban area:
301,000

Water
distribution

4

Eight provincial cities in Cambodia

Servicepopulation※1

Case No.

Rural area: N/A※2
Total: 301,000

Waterconsumption※6

Service coverage

Maximum waterUrban area: 41.5%
Rural area: N/A
Total: 40.6%

distribution※5

Distribution capacity: 77,000
m3/day90-150 L/person/day

NRW※7

10.4%

RiversGroundwater

Pipe length※8

1,034 km65,000 m3/day※4※3

per capita

Water source
No. of WTP
Water
treatment
Water rates※
10

※1




8

No. of Employees※
9351

Coagulation + Sedimentation + Rapid filtration + Chlorine Disinfection
3.3USD/10m3 (1USD=4,000KHR)

Data from a 2015 human resources development project.
N/A = Not available※3
Data from a 2015 human resources development project.
※4
Data from a 2015 human resources development project.
※5
Ibid.
※6
Data from a preliminary report for the preparation of assistance.
※7
Data from a 2015 human resources development project.
※8
Ibid.
※9
Ibid.
※10
Water rates based on the average of the eight provincial cities as of 2017: 1322.5KHR/m3 x 10m3
※2

On technical cooperation
Background  The Cambodian civil war ended in 1991, but it devastated water supply







Cooperative
schemeRecipientutilities’
challenges

facilities as well as claimed many human resources in Phnom Penh. At
the time, the water supply system was almost inactive with NRW ratio
over 70%.
Aids from various countries enabled the post-water reconstruction of
the water supply facilities. However, as the reconstruction progressed, alack of human resources became apparent to operate and maintain thewater supply system appropriately.
The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) asked Japan’s
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) to send Japanese water
experts to Cambodia for human resources development. Upon therequest, MHLW consulted with the Water and Sewer Bureau of the Cityof Kitakyushu (WSBK), which agreed to send their staff to Cambodia.
In 1999, WSBK’s first staff member was sent to the Phnom Penh Water
Supply Authority (PPWSA).






Cooperation framework: JICA Technical Cooperation Project
Regulatory agency in Japan: MHLWRegulatory agency in Cambodia: Ministry of Industry and Handicraft
Cooperative utility: PPWSA









Operation and maintenance of water supply facilities
Distribution management
Water quality analysis
Water treatment process
Sustainable service management
Financial management
Customer satisfaction

To help with an appropriate water governance, a highly comprehensive
support is being provided under The Capacity Building for Water Supply

Technical
cooperation
provided

System in Cambodia Phase3. The scope of the support concerns establishinga water supply law as well as improving a service management.
Specifics of the support are as follows: Dispatch of experts (PPWSA)
 Support operation and management of water treatment facilities
 JICA technical cooperation project (PPWSA)
 Provide technical expertise regarding facility operation and waterdistribution block management
 Technical support for water supply system (PPWSA)
 Water distribution management
 Operation and management of water treatment plant Facility maintenance Water quality analysis
 The Capacity Building for Water Supply System in Cambodia Phase2(eight provincial cities)
 Water quality analysis
 Water treatment process Maintenance of electrical facilities
 Maintenance of machinery
 Maintenance of distribution facilities
 The Capacity Building for Water Supply System in Cambodia Phase3(eight provincial cities)
 Development of customer ledgers
 Development of water supply asset ledgers
 Development of financial statements
 Expansion of water treatment plants
 Preparation of fiscal planFuture plansand prospects WSBK needs to utilize its human resources and budgets as efficiently as
possible in implementing related projects, considering a demand forinternational cooperation is on the rise in the field of water supply andwastewater services.
WSBK will further increase the efficiently of related projects through acloser collaboration and information exchange with JICA and various
regulatory and donor agencies.

Figures andphotos▲ Photo from the Cambodian Human Resources Development Project
for Water Supply

Supporting utility

Chiba Prefectural Public Enterprises Bureau(CPPEB)
About recipient utility (* data in the capital Dili)Case No.

5

Data from2017

Recipientutility

National Directorate for Water Service (DNSA), Democratic Republic ofTimor-Leste

Cooperationyear

2012 -

Service area

Dili (capital) and 12 other cities

Servicepopulation

Unknown

Service coveragein Dili

46.6% (2015)

Water
distribution*

41,360 m3/d

Maximum water
distribution*

48,880 m3/d
(facility capacity)

Water
consumption
per capita*

120 L/person/d

NRW*

98.8%1

Water source*Rivers and wells

Pipe length*387.7 kmNo. of WTP2*

4 (rapid filtration) and28 (wells)

No. of
Employees

185 (2015)

Water
treatment*

Coagulation + Sedimentation + Rapid filtration + Chlorine disinfection

Residential: 0.2 USD/m3 for up to 14 m3 and 0.4 USD/m3 for above 14 m3(water use charged only in limited areas of the capital Dili)
About technical cooperation to DNSA
Background
Timor-Leste became independent from Indonesia in 2002. The conflict forindependence caused destruction to water facilities such as water treatment
plants. Further, the Indonesian engineers who had operated the facilities
went back to Indonesia post-conflict. After the independence, therefore, thegovernment of Timor-Leste made the development of water supply system a
top priority in both structural and nonstructural aspects, and requested
assistance from Japanese government. Upon the request, the Japan
International Cooperation Agency (JICA) asked the Chiba Prefectural PublicEnterprises Bureau (CPPEB) to provide technical cooperation to the country.
Water rates*

Cooperative
scheme1

From April 2012 to July 2020, CPPEB have dispatched 29 engineers to TimorLeste to help improve the country’s water supply. Of the 29 engineers, four
people have been involved in a long-term dispatch program and 25 people ina short-term dispatch program.

The extremely high NRW rate is due to multiple factors including water theft, illegal connections, leakage from aging
mains, and users' refusal to pay for the service, which make the rate collection highly difficult.
2
WTP = Water Treatment Plant

[Long-term dispatch programs and the number of staff dispatched] Apr 2012 - Apr 2015: one advisor for water supply improvement Jul 2015 - Jul 2017: one advisor for water supply improvement Aug 2017 - Aug 2019: one advisor for water supply improvement Jul 2019 - Jul 2020: one advisor for water supply improvement

DNSA’schallenges

Technical
cooperation
provided

Future plansand prospects

3[Short term dispatch programs and the number of staff dispatched] May - Jun 2014: two engineers for operation of water treatment plants
 Jan - Feb 2016: one engineer for operation of water treatment plants,
water quality management, and other management issues
 Feb - Mar 2017: one engineer for leakage prevention
 Nov 2017 -: two engineers for management planning Feb 2018: five engineers for operation of water treatment plants andwater quality management
 Jan - Feb 2019: four engineers for operation of water treatment plants
and water quality management
Timor-Leste government has set a goal of providing all residents with accessto safe drinking water3 by 2030 as well as achieving a 24/7 water supply inthe urban areas of 12 districts by 2030. According to the Joint Monitoring
Program (2015) of WHO/UNICEF, the average access to safe drinking water is
71.9% in the country and 95.2% in the urban areas. In most cases, however,their water supply is intermittent with running water available only a limited
number of hours a day.
CPPEB have provided the following technical assistance to improve Dili’s
water supply.
1. Technical guidance on regular inspection and repair of water treatment
facilities and related chemical injections in the capital Dili
2. Technical guidance on the planning and construction of distribution
network and leak surveys in the capital Dili.
3. Advising and making suggestions for mitigation of DNSA’s challenges interms of organizational structure and rules and for improvement of thewater supply system in Timor-Leste
CPPEB contributed to achieving a 24/7 water supply in portions of the capitalDili, where the supply had been intermittent previously.
Further international assistance will be needed so that the country can be
more self-reliant in achieving 24/7 water supply in wider areas.

“Access to safe drinking water” is defined by WHO as having 20 liters per person per day of water
available within one kilometer radius from the residence.

Photos▲ CPPEB providing technicaladvice to local staff member▲ Children in an area ofimproved water supply

Supporting
utility

Bureau of Waterworks
Tokyo Metropolitan Government(BWTMG)
About recipient utility

Case No.

6

Data from2011-2014

Recipientutility••

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water (KeTTHA) In Malaysia
Penang Water (Perbadanan Bekalan Air Pulau Pinang: PBAPP)

Cooperation
year

January 2014 – November 2016

Service area

State of Penang, Malaysia

Servicepopulation

Urban area: Unknown
Rural area: Unknown
Total: 1,646,0001

Servicecoverage

Urban area: 100％1
Rural area: 99.7％1

Water
distribution

813,000 m3/d1

Maximum
water
distribution

Unknown

Water
consumption
per capita

Unknown

NRW

18.25%1

Water source

Rivers2

Pipe length

4,294 km (≥ 100 mm)1

No. of WTP3

10

No. of
Employees

1,263

Water
treatment

Chemical injection + Coagulation + Sedimentation + Filtration1

Water rates

0.074 JPY/10 m3 (1 JPY≒0.03 MYR)4

About technical cooperation to KeTTHA
 Building a relationship of trust through technical cooperation consisted ofwater facility tours and technical training conduced in Tokyo since 2010.
 Conducted technical training (including measures to reduce non-revenue
water) locally and in Japan as part of JICA's Technical Cooperation Projectfrom 2011 to 2013.
• In 2012, the Director General of the Ministry of Energy, Green Technology
Backgroundand Water (KeTTHA)’s Waterworks Bureau requested the Director
General of the Bureau of Waterworks Tokyo Metropolitan Government(BWTMG) to assist in their non-revenue water reduction.
 Since the above-mentioned technical cooperation, there have been
multiple requests from the Malaysian side to assist in their humanresources development.

1

Based on the annual report 2014 of PBAHB
Based on the website of PBAHB
3
WTP = Water Treatment Plant
4 Based on the Tariff 2015 of the PBAPP website on 26 May 2015
2

Cooperative
schemeRecipientutilities’
challenges

JICA Technical Cooperation Project
Partner Organization: KeTTHA, PBAPP
Supporting organization: Tokyo Water Co., Ltd. (BWTMG)

Stable water supply management
Development of human resources who can contribute to non-revenue
water reduction
Development and utilization of a training field for leakage prevention andplumbing
Training of 15 staff members of PBAPP in non-revenue water reduction
measures Dispatched staff to provide technical guidance Accepted trainees and conducted training to learn about related
Japanese technology, construction management, and quality control
Conducted training for all states of Malaysia with PBAPP staff serving as
instructors
 Dispatched operational staff to prepare training materials and give
guidance to provide training using these materials
 Hosted workshops where PBAPP staff conducted practical training on
non-revenue water reduction measures for the selected trainees fromeach state (77 trainees in total)
In addition to the training of instructors, this project has created anorganizational framework that enables human resources development
based on BWTMG's technology and know-how even after the projectcompleted, including the preparation of training fields and training
textbooks. By utilizing this framework, BWTMG will continue its
contribution to their human resources development.

Technical
cooperation
provided
Future plansandprospects

▲Developed training field

Pictures▲Training at the training field▲Group photoSupporting
utility

Bureau of Waterworks
Tokyo Metropolitan Government

Case No.

7

About recipient utility
Data from
Recipient
Yangon City Development Committee, Myanmar (YCDC)
utility
Cooperation
2013year
Service area

2012-2017

Yangon City

Servicepopulation

City area: 1.921
Metropolitan area: 1.921

Servicecoverage

City area: 37%1
Metropolitan area: 24％1

Water
distribution

636,440 m3/d

Maximum
water
distribution

Unknown

Water
consumption
per capita

Unknown

NRW

66%1

Water source

Storage water・Ground water

Pipe length

71.73 kmNo. of
Employees

2,196(as of June 2012)

No. of WTP2

61

Water
treatment

Coagulation + Sedimentation + Rapid filtration + Aeration + Micro strainer3*water not treated for 2/3

Water rates

Public: 4.4 JPN /m3 General: 7.0 JPN /m3(Calculated with 1 MMK=0.08 JPY)

Commercial: 8.8 JPN /m3

About technical cooperation to YCDC
 December 2012 and January 2014: HIDA training in Japan September 2013: Signed a Memorandum of Understanding for technicalcooperation
 October 2013: Held a seminar
Background  January 2014: Made a proposal for non-revenue water project October 2014: Signed a contract for the non-revenue water project(grass-root gratuitous)
 October 2016: Concluded a contract for a non-revenue water project(grant aid with project management right type)1

According to a cooperation preparatory report of JICA
WTP = Water Treatment Plant
3
According to a preparatory report for Yangon City Development Program Formation2

Cooperative
schemeRecipientutilities’
challenges










Cooperative scheme: Grant aid with project management right type
Partner organization: Japan International Cooperation System(YCDC’s procurement agency)
Supporting organization: Japan Consortium, LLC.
(Tokyo Suido Services Co., Ltd., Toyo Engineering Corporation)
Deterioration of water quality in raw water rivers
Water quality analysis
Reduction of non-revenue water
Management of water distribution network
Financial management and human resources development

<Non-revenue water reduction project: grant aid with project management
right type> Implementation of non-revenue water reduction (infrastructuredevelopment) project from 2016 (scheduled to be completed in 2022)
 Project contents
Leakage survey, replacement and repair of water pipes, replacement andinstallation of meters, etc.
 Target area
Mayangon District in Yangon City (expanding the area covered by theabove project)
 Project cost
Approximately 1.8 billion JPY (ODA funds)
Project area from 2014 to 2015
Expanding area
Project area from 2016

Technical
cooperation
provided[References: status of other cooperation projects]<Technical cooperation project>
 From 2014 to 2018, a JICA’s technical cooperation project was
implemented to improve the service management capacity of YCDC staff
 Implementation details
 Strengthening of water supply management capacity
 Strengthening of non-revenue water reduction capacity
 Strengthening of water quality management capacity＜Non-revenue water reduction project: Grassroots grant aid>
 A non-revenue water reduction project was implemented from 2014 to2015.
 Project contents
Leakage survey, replacement and repair of water pipes, replacement andinstallation of meters, etc.
 Target area
Part of Mayangon District in Yangon City
 Project cost
Approx. 50 million JPY
 Results
 Halved the non-revenue water rate from 77% to 32%
 Realized 24/7 water supply

Future plansandprospects

Following the non-revenue water reduction (infrastructure development)
project from 2016, the below project is scheduled to be implemented for the
management of water facilities.
＜Water facility maintenance and management project>
 Project Description
Sharing technical knowledge through consultations and training on
reducing non-revenue water (*Yangon City will conduct daily
maintenance and management of water distribution pipes)
 Implementation period
At least 5 years (the project will be implemented sequentially, startingfrom the areas where infrastructure development is completed. The
project is scheduled to start in FY 2018)
 Project cost
Funds of Yangon City (amount to be determined)←Pipe replacementin Yangon City

Pictures←Water pipes in Yangon City
(Installations not wellorganized←Utilization of Japanese products(leakage detector)