RADIATION EDUCATION - NEW CHALLENGES
Naoki Matsuda
Department of Radiation Biology and Protection
Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki UniversitySTS Meeting Hiroshima

2017.5.24

Radiation Education - New Challenges

Topics■ Research and Education Program for Organized
Emergency Monitoring Platform by Radiation Facilities– Human resource development project for nuclear regulation(NRA)■ Development of Professionals on Radiation Health Risk
Science– Problem-solving development program for high-level medical
professionals (MEXT)PROGRAM FOR ORGANIZED EMERGENCY
MONITORING PLATFORM BY RADIATION FACILITIESNuclear power plants in Japan, May 2017

Nuclear emergency preparedness
16 NPP siting prefectures
2 adjacent prefectures (within 10km)
6 adjacent prefectures(Urgent protective action planning zone: UPZ,within 30km)

System of generic criteria and operational criteria(IAEA Pub1467, GSG-2, Fig.1)

Default OILs for Field Survey Measurements by NRA

OILUrgentresponse

Monitoring
OIL1

Ambient dose

OIL4

Surfacecontamination

OIL value

Response Action

500μSv/h 1m height Immediately
evacuate or provide
substantial shelter
40,000cpm Skin
120Bq/cm2 surface

Provide for skindecontamination

13,000cpm 1 month
40Bq/cm2 later
Earlyresponse

OIL2

Ambient dose

20μSv/h 1m height Stop consumption of
local produce within
1 day
Temporarily relocate
those living in thearea in 1 week
OIL: Operational Intervention Level

March 15, 2011 in Fukushima city

17:34

12.48μSv/h（109.3mSv/y）

18:13

17:59

1.58μSv/h（13.8mSv/y）16.38μSv/h（143.5mSv/y）March 16, 2011 in Fukushima Medical University

15:56

5,470cpm

15:56

8.34μSv/h （73.1mSv/y）Default Screening OILs for Food, Milk and Water by NRAOIL

Monitoring

Screening levelAmbient dose

OIL6

Radionuclide
analysis

OIL value

Response action

0.5μSv/h 1m heightRadionuclide specificRadionuclide

Assess using OIL6

Stop consumption

Milk and water

Food

Iodine300Bq/kg

2,000Bq/kg

Cesium

200Bq/kg

500Bq/kg

Plutonium and TRU alpha-ray nuclides

1Bq/kg10Bq/kg

Uranium

20Bq/kg

100Bq/kg

Radioactivity in soil samples collected in FMU on March 19, 2011

Radioactivity (kBq/kg)

site
131I

134Cs

137Cs

129mTe40K

Radiation
emergency unit

54.2 ± 0.8

13.4 ± 0.1

13.0 ± 0.2

14.9 ± 1.0

0.4 ± 0.1Sports field

34.3 ± 0.7

20.8 ± 0.1

20.4 ± 0.1

20. 3 ± 1.1

0.5 ± 0.1

Kindergarten
sandbox18.8 ± 0.4

11.4 ± 0.1

11.2 ± 0.1

10.7 ± 0.7

0.6 ± 0.1

Cover area of radiation disaster medicine
Hirosaki University
Fukushima Medical University
Hiroshima University
Nagasaki University

NIRS

Educational radiation
facilities
Safety management ofRadiological environment
Radiation sources
Radiation workers

Radiation monitoring
Communication and education
Functions of Radiation Facilities Available in Emergency Settings

RadiologicalEmergency
Outreach to• Public• Academy• Government

Dispersion of radioactive materials to environment
Radiation exposure to workers and residents
・Ambient dose rate
・Surface contamination
・Exposed doseOn-site
incoming

Radiation facilities
・Radionuclide analysis
・Ambient dose rate
・Airborne radioactivity
・Body surface contamination
・Evaluation of health risk
・Crisis communication

Intercollege
Monitoring
Platform
outgoing

Exchange of information on emergency monitoring platform

LEVEL-3

LEADER development• Train the trainer

LEVEL-2
CORE development• Skilled and experienced

LEVEL-1
GATEWAY education• Beginners course

Graded Development of Human ResourcesHokkaido (Sapporo)

Tohoku (Sendai)Kanazawa
Hiroshima
TokyoKyushu (Fukuoka)

NagasakiExecutive office

Expand to 30 facilities
Cover all prefectures goalKyoto
Okayama

NagoyaRadiation Safety Organizations••••

Radiation Safety Council of Universities in Japan
Japan Radioisotope Association
Japanese Society of Radiation Safety Management
Japan Health Physics Society

Program-engaged Universities

RADIATION RISK ASSESSMENT

The risk we assess here

Dose evaluation

Risk estimation

Scenario
Radionuclides dispersed from the nuclear power plant
Radioactive plume moved wide area around
Fallout of radionuclide by the rainQuestion
How much your health risk estimated in this radiological environment?

Step
1.

Dose estimation
1. external dose
2. internal dose

2.

Evaluation of health risk
1. deterministic effect (acute effect)
2. stochastic effect (late effect)1.1 External dose estimation
1.1.1

From ambient dose rate

1.1.2

From ground radioactivity

1.1.3

From body surface contamination

1.1.4

From a point source (hotspot)1.2 Internal dose estimation
1.2.1

By ingestion

1.2.2

By inhalation

1.2.3

From whole body measurement

1.2.4

From urine measurement

2. Evaluation of health risk
Exposure

Monitoring source

Estimated dose

External

From ambient dose

100 mSv/year

From ground radioactivity

4.43 mSv/month

From body surface contamination

0.45 mGy/year

From a point source (hotspot)

0.6 mSv/month

By ingestion

Thyroid 15mSv
Effective 0.8 mSv

By inhalation

Thyroid 2.3mSv
Effective <0.01 mSv

From whole body measurement

2.29 mSv

From urine measurement

0.02mSv

Internal

Healthrisk

DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONALS ON
RADIATION HEALTH RISK SCIENCEPolicy recommendation to the government

Improvement of radiation
health risk education incurriculum for medicalrelated students

September 4, 2014
The Science Council of Japan
Committee of Clinical Medicine
Subcommittee of radiation protection and risk management

Educate effect, protection and risk of radiation to
medical students
Be able to explain radiation risk to the residents as a medicaldoctor▼

Subject on radiation health effect and protection should be
required to all students
Open to co-medical students
Arrange educational base through intercollege collaborations

COUNCIL OF HEAD OF NATIONALMEDICAL SCHOOLS OF JAPANRadiation education workinggroup(core schools - 13 medical schoolsand NIRS)

Hirosaki

Yamagata
ToyamaKanazawa
Hiroshima
KyushuNagasaki

Kyoto
OsakaTohoku
Fukushima
NIRS
Tokyo
TMDU

RANGE OF RADIATION HEALTH RISK SCIENCE
Health effect• Biological effect• Radiation protection and management

Risk communications• Mutual understanding and agreement between• doctor and patients• doctor and victims of nuclear disaster• government and victims of nuclear disaster

Nuclear disaster medicine• Radiation emergency medicine covering mental health• Examples of nuclear/radiation accidents

PROBLEM-SOLVING DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR
HIGH-LEVEL MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS (MEXT)
Development of Professionals onRadiation Health Risk Science

Development of Professionals onRadiation DisasterCollaboration ofTsukuba University• Nagasaki University• Hiroshima University• Fukushima Medical University

Development of Professionals on Radiation Health Risk Science
By the collaboration of three Universities who have suffered from radiation
disaster and possess the educational resources in radiation health risk
science, this program provides stepwise, systematic and realistic education
to develop medical professionals for promotion of global health.

Undergraduate

Subject on Radiation Health Risk inmedical school - Regular course andIntensive course

Graduate

Nagasaki-Fukushima Joint Course on
Disaster and Radiation MedicalSciences
Hiroshima Leading Program for
Renaissance from Radiation DisasterResearchProfessionals

Hiroshima-Nagasaki-Fukushima
Research Base for Radiation
Accidents and Medical Science

Radiation Disaster
Professionals

Centers for Advanced Radiation
Emergency Medicine and Radiation
Disaster Medicine

NPP site
Medical School

Produce and staff

Leaders

Contribution to international organizations
Preparedness to global radiation risk due to increasing energy demandMeasurement of external radiation exposure
measureradiationcount rate atdifferent
distances

68Ge/68Ga source

for calibration
purposeGM survey meter
Calculate effective dose rate at 1 m fromthe source based on radioactivity andeffective dose rate coefficient

Practical Training (1)Calculate conversion
factor from count rate(cpm) to effective
dose rate (μSv/h)

Measurement of external radiation exposure
GM survey meter(cpm)

Soil sample from high backgroundradiation area in Tamil Nadu, India(Th-228)
Measurement

Soil sample from TEPCO Fukushima
Daiichi NPP (Cs-137, Cs-134)
NaI-scintillation
survey meter(μSv/h)

Practical Training (2)Evaluate effective
dose rate (μSv/h) bydirect and indirect
methodRadionuclide analysis and estimate
exposure dose and health risk
Soil sample from high backgroundradiation area in Tamil Nadu, India(Th-228)

Ac-228 / Th-228
Cs-134 / Cs-137

Radionuclide
analysis

Soil sample from various placesin Fukushima (Cs-137, Cs-134)

Mapping

HPGe semiconductor
detector and gamma energy
spectrum analyzer

Practical Training (3)Estimate exposure
dose according to IAEATECDOC 1162
Procedure E3 anddiscuss health risk

9.3 (soil)
115 (moss)

1.16 (soil)

16.6 (soil)

6.2 (soil)
103 (moss)
12.4 (soil)

7.05 (soil)
248 (Fallen leaves)
1830 (Gutter mud)1.83 (soil)
178 (filter)

16.2 21.8 7.45 (Sea sand)Quantitation of DNA double strand breaks
Immunofluorescent observations of phosphorylated histon H2A.X and
53BP1 in normal human fibroblasts
after exposure to gamma-ray of 0Gy, 0.1Gy, or 0.25Gy
at immediate, 6h or 12h following irradiations.

Count the number of foci and discuss the dose-response and repair kinetics.

Practical Training (4)Challenges for expansion◦ Lecture◦ package of radiation biology + medical radiation + radiation disastermedicine + risk communication◦ Practice◦ package of measurement and biology and health risk assessment◦ Evaluation◦ linkage to postgraduate education◦ System◦ preparation of instructors, practical training rooms, measuring
devices