for�Renais ance�from�Radiation�Disaster

Ministry�of�Education,�HIROSHIMA�UNIVERSITYCHIROSHIMA�UNIVERSITY
ulture,�Sports,�Science�&�Technol gy�(MEXT)�“Program�for�Leading�Graduate�Scho ls”ac epted�for�201

Ministry�of�Education,�Culture,�Sports,�Science�&�Technology�(MEXT)�“Program�for�Leading�Graduate�Schools” accepted�for�2011
Ministry�of�Education,�Culture,�Sports,�Science�&�Technology�(MEXT)�“Program�for�Leading�Graduate�Schools” accepted�for�2011

Phoenix�Leader�Education�Program�(Hiroshima�Initiative)�
Phoenix�Leader�Education�Program�(Hiroshima�Initiative)�
for�Renaissance�from�Radiation�Disasterfor�Renaissance�from�Radiation�DisasterTH
THE5 INTERNATIONALSYMPOSIUM

THE5TH INTERNATIONALSYMPOSIUM
THE5TH INTERNATIONALSYMPOSIUM

HIROSHIMA�UNIVERSITYଣೝ଍಼૩৏भ୮௪্ੁ
ଣೝ଍಼૩৏भ୮௪্ੁ
February�13�14,�2016
February�13�14,�2016ଣೝ଍಼૩৏भ୮௪্ੁHiroshima�University�Faculty�Club�(Higashi�Hiroshima�Campus)
Hiroshima�University�Faculty�Club�(Higashi�Hiroshima�Campus)

General Information

Date
February 13 and 14, 2016

Venue
Hiroshima University Higashi Hiroshima Campus ‘Faculty Club’
1-2-2 Kagamiyama, Higashi Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan

LanguageSat., February 13 (Day 1) English
Sun., February 14 (Day 2) English and Japanese (simultaneous interpretation available)

Organized by
Organization of the Leading Graduate Education Program, Hiroshima University

Phoenix Leader Education Program® (Hiroshima Initiative)
for Renaissance from Radiation Disaster

Development of internationally minded personnel capable of managing the recoveryof people, society, and environment of areas affected by radiological disaster

This program establishes “Radiation Disaster Recovery Studies” as aninterdisciplinary and practical discipline, based on Hiroshima University’s
experience and achievements in supporting recovery from the atomic bombing. The
program will develop personnel with the skills to “protect human lives fromradiation disasters”, “protect the environment form radioactivity”, and “protect thehuman society from radioactivity”. Graduates from the program will become coreleaders in situations requiring recovery from radiation disasters. The 5-year or
4-year integrated curriculum is designed to develop global leaders (Phoenix
Leader®) who have the judgment and behavioral abilities to take appropriate

actions in circumstances of radiation disaster and lead recovery with a clear
philosophy and innovative knowledge across discipline.

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)“Program for Leading Graduate Schools (Cross Sectional Theme)” accepted for FY2011

Contents

Welcome ࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭ 1

Message from Program Director࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭ 2

Program ࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭ 3

Abstracts of Lectures ࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭ I-1

Panel Discussion Chairs and Panelist Biographies ࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭ II-1

Abstracts of Student Oral Presentation ࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭ III-1

Abstracts of Student Poster Presentation ࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭ IV-1

Floor Plan of Symposium Venue (Faculty Club) ࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭V-1

Organization Committee ࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭VI-1

Welcome Address
Dear guests and colleagues,
I am honored and privileged to welcome you all to the 5th Phoenix Leader Education
Program International Symposium, ‘Revitalization Strategies after Radiation Disaster.’It’s been almost five years since the accident at the Tokyo Electric Power Company’s
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. Hiroshima University has been involved in
the recovery efforts, across a wide range of areas including medical support, since
immediately following the incident. In addition to its Fukushima efforts, Hiroshima
University also has more than 70 years involvement in the local recovery from the atomic
bombing. Drawing on this extensive range of experience, we established the Phoenix
Leader Education Program which was formally accepted by MEXT as a 2011 Program for
Leading Graduate Schools. In order to contribute to any necessary future recovery efforts,
we aim to develop global leaders (the Phoenix Leaders) who have the capacity for soundjudgment and the ability to take appropriate actions in the face of a radiation disaster.
This international symposium will be held for two days: Student presentations on
the first day followed by the international symposium on the second day. The intention ofthis international symposium is to promote international and interdisciplinary academic
interaction by inviting esteemed speakers and panelists representing a variety of fields.
We also have the pleasure of welcoming many distinguished researchers and specialists
who have been active in the affected areas in Fukushima. We look forward to learning
about their research efforts. We expect to receive suggestions for future recovery while
taking this opportunity to reflect on our efforts thus far, as we reach this milestone of five
years.
I hope this interactive event will serve as an opportunity for all attendees to consider
disaster recovery from many different perspectives, and to share new findings and creativeideas. Your interest in and understanding of the Phoenix Leader Education Program will
most certainly be enhanced. Thank you again everyone for joining us.

Masaki Sakakoshi
Executive and Vice President (Education/Peace)
Deputy Director
Organization of the Leading Graduate Education Program
Hiroshima University

1Message from Program Director
Dear guests and colleagues
I would like to express my sincere appreciation to you for joining the 5thInternational Symposium of the Phoenix Leader Education Program. Nearly five years
have passed since the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station.
Extensive efforts have been taken, by a large number of people in Japan and abroad, tosupport the recovery. For example, the evacuation order was lifted in Naraha-machi lastSeptember which became a symbol of the first important steps to full recovery. However,many challenges remain before us as more than 100,000 people are still living away fromtheir homes with ongoing health concerns, while jobs, homes, and communities remainlost.
In the year which marks the 5th year following the accident, this symposium isorganized to allow us time to reflect upon radiation disaster and to define reconstruction
from it. We have invited researchers from different fields who have been working at sites
in Fukushima: among them, Professor Tomoko Nakanishi has collected data about the
impact of radioactivity on agriculture, and Professor Ryugo Hayano developed the‘BABYSCAN’ scanner which is used for the inspection of infants to identify internalradiation exposure, as well as working on the ‘D-Shuttle’ project with Fukushima highschool students about their external exposure to radiation for comparison with their
European counterparts.
Here at Hiroshima University we established the Phoenix Leader Education
Program in 2011 with government funding. With the continued support fromcollaborating institutions and organizations, both international and Japanese, we aredetermined to contribute tangibly to local and international communities by educating
future leaders to effectively deal with the recovery from radiation disaster. I hope this
symposium will be an opportunity for participants to think about recovery and to taketheir own steps for accelerating the revitalization of affected areas as well as the
preparation for a better future. Thank you very much.

Kenji Kamiya
Vice President (Reconstruction Support/Radiation Medicine)
Director of Phoenix Leader Education Program
Hiroshima University2

Program
The 5th International Symposium
Phoenix Leader Education Program (Hiroshima Initiative) for
Renaissance from Radiation Disaster‘Revitalization Strategies after Radiation Disaster’Saturday, February 13(Reception Hall: 2nd floor)
13:00-

Opening Remarks
Dr. Toshinori Okuda (Chairman, International Exchange Committee,
Phoenix Leader Education Program, Hiroshima University)

13:05-

Graduate student oral presentation I
BreakGraduate student oral presentation II

15:30-16:00

Break(Lobby: 2nd floor)
16:00-18:15

Poster Presentation (Student Research Presentation) (Restaurant La Boheme: 1st Floor)
18:30-20:00

Reception party

3

Sunday, February 14(Reception Hall: 2nd floor)
10:00-10:10

Opening Remarks
Dr. Masaki Sakakoshi (Executive and Vice President (Education/Peace),
Hiroshima University)

10:15-11:00

Keynote lecture

Effect of Nuclear Accident on Agricultural Products
Dr. Tomoko Nakanishi (The University of Tokyo)
11:00-11:10

Break

11:10-11:35

Challenges and Controversies of Protecting the Environment
from Radiation
Dr. Thomas G. Hinton (Fukushima University)

11:35-12:00

Uncertainties in Radiation Dosimetry: Facts and Perceptions
Dr. Ahmed Meghzifene (International Atomic Energy Agency)

12:00-12:25

Measure and Communicate in Fukushima with BABYSCAN and‘D-shuttle’Dr. Ryugo Hayano (The University of Tokyo)

12:25-13:35

Break(12:25-12:35 Group photograph)

13:40-14:05

DevelopmentofInternational

Humanitarian

Law

and

its

Application in Times of Disaster
Mr. Atsuhiko Kakuda (Japanese Red Cross Institute for HumanitarianStudies)
14:05-14:30

Citizen Participation and Consensus Building in Environmental
Planning after the Fukushima Nuclear Accident: Discussing the
Example from a Participatory Project in EU
Dr. Yukio Hirose (Kansai University)4

14:30-14:55

ICRP: Five Years of Dialogue, and Improving Recommendations for
Post-Accident Recovery
Mr. Christopher Clement (International Commission on RadiologicalProtection)

14:55-15:10

Break

15:10-16:40

Panel Discussion
͂Revitalization Strategies from Radiation Disaster’
Chair:
Dr. Jacques Lochard (CEPN, ICRP)
Dr. Rethy K. Chhem (CDRI)
Panelist:
Dr. Albert L. Wiley (REAC/TS)
Dr. Thomas E. Johnson (Colorado State University)
Dr. Tomoko Nakanishi
Dr. Thomas G. Hinton
Dr. Ahmed Meghzifene
Dr. Ryugo Hayano
Mr. Atsuhiko Kakuda
Dr. Yukio Hirose
Mr. Christopher Clement

16:45-17:00

Poster Award Ceremony
Closing Remarks
Dr. Kenji Kamiya (Vice President, Director of Phoenix Leader
Education Program, Hiroshima University)5Abstracts
LecturesFebruary 14, 2016
10:15 –15:00

Effect of Nuclear Accident on Agricultural Products     
Tomoko M. Nakanishi
Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences
The University of Tokyo

More than 4 years have passed since the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant
accident. Right after the nuclear accident, 40 to 50 academic staff members of theAgricultural Department of The University of Tokyo began to study the movement ofradioactive materials emitted from the nuclear reactor, because most of thecontaminated area in Fukushima is related to agriculture.
The targeting research fields are very wide, from soil, plants, animals, fish, mountain,
water, etc. Our Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences comprises many
research areas and there are many facilities attached to the School, such as meadows,
experimental forests, and farm fields. Together with these facilities, many on-site
research studies have been conducted in Fukushima.
The feature of the fallout was that they are still staying at the initially falling sites
and hardly move. However, in the case of living things, like animals, the amount ofradioactivity was decreased with time much faster than that by physiological half-life,
because of their metabolic activities and the biological half-life in animals wasestimated to be within 100 days.
Soil plays a major role in fixing the fallout. When fallout nuclides were adsorbed tosoil, plants growing in the soil could hardly absorb the radioactive cesium. In themountain, radioactive cesium was gradually transferred from litter to soil and hardly
moved even washed with hard rain. The way of contamination by radioactive nuclides iscompletely different from those by heavy metals.
Researchers are still continuing their work to find out what effects the accident has
had on agriculture.

I㸫1[Biography] (Tomoko Nakanishi, Ph.D)
She got Ph.D. from The University of Tokyo in radiochemistry. But she started plant
physiological study when she began to work as a visiting researcher at Chemical
Bio-dynamics at Mervin Calvin’s Lab. (Laurence Berkeley Lab., California, USA). Then
she was able to get a permanent position in Faculty of Agriculture, The Univ. of Tokyo in
1987 as an assistant. After 14 years, she had become a professor in Graduate School of
Agricultural and Life Sciences, The Univ. of Tokyo. She was incorporated to theuniversity revision project and was appointed as an Adviser to the President or a
Director General of the Environment, Health and Safety Division created under the
Office of the President of The Univ. of Tokyo as concurrent posts. Outside of theuniversity, she was appointed as a member of Science Council of Japan. And now she isa Vice President of Engineering Academy of Japan, President of The Japan Society of
Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences and a Foreign member of the Royal Swedish
Academy of Engineering Sciences (IVA).
She got Saruhashi award (2000), Contribution Award from Atomic Energy Soc. ofJapan (2001), Society Award from The Japan Society of Nuclear and Radiochemical
Sciences (2011) and L'ordre national du Mérite from French President (2014).

I㸫2

Challenges and Controversies of Protecting
the Environment from Radiation
Thomas G. Hinton
Professor, Fukushima University
Institute of Environmental Radioactivity (IER)
Radiation is the unique, and therefore, odd, environmental contaminant among allother pollutants on Planet Earth for two reasons. The first oddity is that no othercontaminant has been managed from the perspective that if humans are adequately
protected then the environment is automatically protected as well. This approach of
focusing solely on humans has been the method for protecting the environment fromionizing radiation for many decades. Agencies responsible for radiological protection,such as the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), recognize thata change in demonstrating environmental health is needed. They are now developing
frameworks for better and more publicly acceptable approaches to radiologicalprotection of the environment. However, a consensus of how best to demonstratecompliance with proposed dose-rate criteria has not been reached. Interestingly, thesame radiological sciences that have made huge strides in developing an accurate
assessment of radiation hazards for humans are poorly developed in regard tounderstanding the effects of radiation on the environment. Our knowledge ofenvironmental effects suffer from a lack of studies that are directly relevant tounderstanding the responses of plant and animal populations to radionuclides in theirnatural environments. The second oddity about radiation as an environmental
contaminant is that when levels of radiation are large enough to cause humans toevacuate, such as occurred at Chernobyl and Fukushima, populations of wildlife appear
to increase. The increase is not because of any beneficial aspect of the radiation (weknow that radiation is harmful to individual plants and animals); instead, the increasein wildlife numbers is attributable to the removal of humans and aspects of theirlifestyle (e.g., cars, industries, farming). Thus, post-accident revitalization strategies,
aimed at restoration of damaged areas for resumed human occupancy, will not benefit
the environment. Removing contaminated topsoil, cutting down contaminated trees,and conducting other remediation methods that result in humans returning toevacuated areas are all detrimental to wildlife populations. Strictly from anenvironmental perspective, the evacuation of humans is beneficial,…..their return is
not.
I㸫3

[Biography]
Dr. Hinton took a professor’s position at Fukushima University’s Institute ofEnvironmental Radioactivity (IER) in March 2015, where he is conducting research on
dosimetry of free-ranging wildlife and the environmental effects from chronic, low level
irradiation. His position at IER is partially funded by Colorado State University. Prior
to Japan, Dr. Hinton was at the French Institute of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety(IRSN) for six years, where he coordinated a European Network of Excellence inRadioecology. Dr. Hinton conducted radioecological research at the University ofGeorgia’s Savannah River Ecology Laboratory from 1992-2008, following a post-doctoral
position at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland. His expertise has often beenrequested by the International Atomic Energy Agency on topics that include theChernobyl Forum, remediation of Chernobyl’s cooling reservoir, and modelingenvironmental radiation effects.
(CV found at http://www.ier.fukushima-u.ac.jp/english/staff.html)

I㸫4

Uncertainties in Radiation Dosimetry:
Facts and Perceptions
Ahmed Meghzifene
Section Head, Dosimetry and Medical Radiation Physics
Division of Human HealthInternational Atomic Energy Agency
Patients and the general population are becoming increasingly sensitized to the issue ofradiation exposure from man-made applications used in medicine and nuclear powerindustry. Incidents and accidents arising from these applications increase thissensitization and are often exacerbated by a lack of consistency in communication fromhealth professionals, scientists, regulatory agencies and the media on radiation doses
and potential health consequences. At the bottom of many controversies lies also a lackof understanding on how radiation dose is estimated from measurements andcalculations, and most important on its related uncertainty. Many reports on radiation
exposure simply overlook to at least include a word of caution on the uncertainty of thedose estimations. Reporting radiation dose estimations without expressing theiruncertainty gives a false sense of confidence on the results. Furthermore, these dose
estimations are often used to derive risk estimates for a group of people, defined byseveral characteristics such as gender, age, ethnicity, occupation, and for specificexposure conditions. Whether a given individual will be affected or not depend on manyother unknown factors such as genetics, general health status, specific repair capacity,
exposure conditions, etc. Consequently, it is important for all scientists who are involvedin the process of dose estimations and dose reporting to be fully aware of the need tointegrate an uncertainty analysis in their reports. This lecture will highlight the main
known uncertainties in external and internal dosimetry and how they might impact
dose estimations for both radiation workers and members of the public.

I㸫5

[Biography]
Ahmed Meghzifene was born in Algeria in 1954. After graduating in engineering in
1981, he entered the field of radiation dosimetry and obtained his PhD (Charge deRecherche) in 1989.
He was awarded a post-doc research grant and worked as a research fellow at the
French Henri Becquerel Laboratory (1989) and the Canadian National ResearchCouncil (1991) dosimetry laboratory. Back to his home country, he has been involved in
the development of medical physics in hospitals, education and training of medical
physicists, and the establishment of national radiotherapy infrastructure. He has
experience in both clinical radiotherapy physics and also in standardization at the levelof primary and secondary standards dosimetry laboratories. In 1997, he joined theInternational Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as a radiation physicist and in charge of
the IAEA/WHO Network Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratories (SSDLs). In
2007, he was appointed Section Head of the Dosimetry & Medical Radiation Physics
Section of the IAEA and also co-secretary of the IAEA/WHO Network of SSDLs. During
the past 15 years, his profile has a dominant component of scientific and international
activities, co-authoring publications, reports and guidelines on radiotherapy physics
and dosimetry. In the recent years, he has developed a special interest and commitment
to promote the medical physics profession and support education and clinical training
activities in IAEA Member States. He has been a scientific secretary for many
international conferences and meetings and organized and lectured in numerous
training courses on radiation dosimetry. In 2012, he was the recipient of the IOMPHarold Johns Medal for excellence in teaching and leadership in medical physics
education.
He has also contributed to the work of several scientific and professional committees in
dosimetry and medical physics. He has published over 40 papers, 4 book chapters anddelivered numerous key note talks at international conferences.

I㸫6

Measure and Communicate in Fukushima with
BABYSCAN and ‘D-shuttle’
Ryugo Hayano
Professor
Graduate School of Science
The University of Tokyo

In my presentation, I will first discuss briefly why an “antimatter physicist” started towork actively in Fukushima.

I will then focus on our two recent activities inFukushima, BABYSCAN and the ‘D-shuttle’ project.
The BABYSCAN is a whole-body counter (WBC) developed in 2013 for measuring theinternal radiation doses of small children in Fukushima. We have so far deployed
three units in Fukushima, and scanned nearly 3000 children between the ages of 0 and
11 in 2014.

None had detectable levels of radiocaesium. However, analysis of thequestionnaire filled out by the parents of the scanned children regarding their families’
food and water consumption revealed that there is a wide gap between the scientificresults and the risk perception of the residents [1].
The ‘D-shuttle’ project was launched in 2014 to compare personal doses of high-school
students living in Fukushima, outside of Fukushima, France, Poland and Belarus,
using electronic personal dosimeter called D-shuttle [2]. More than 200 students andteachers participated in this study, which has clearly shown that the personal external
individual doses in locations where residence is currently allowed in Fukushima
Prefecture and in Belarus are well within the range of estimated annual doses due tothe terrestrial background radiation level of other regions/countries.
References[1] R.S. Hayano et al, “Whole-body counter surveys of over 2700 babies and smallchildren in and around Fukushima Prefecture 33 to 49 months after the Fukushima
Daiichi NPP accident”, Proc. Jpn. Acad., Ser. B91 (2015) 440-446.
[2] N. Adachi et al., “Measurement and comparison of individual external doses ofhigh-school students living in Japan, France, Poland and Belarus—the ‘D-shuttle’project—”, J. Radiol. Prot. 36 (2015) 49-66.

I㸫7

[Biography]
Dr. Ryugo Hayano is professor of experimental nuclear physics at the University ofTokyo. His research concerns fundamental symmetries and interactions of nature using“antimatter”. In 2008 he received the Nishina Memorial Prize, the most prestigious
physics prize in Japan, for this study.
Since March 2011, his tweets related to the Fukushima Dai-ichi accident attracted some
150,000 followers; his activities in Fukushima include systematic measurement ofschool lunch for radiocaesium, study of internal exposures using whole body counters,development of a whole-body counter for small children (BABYSCAN), and comparisonof external radiation doses of high school students living in Fukushima, outside of
Fukushima, France, Poland and Belarus. He is also known as the author of a successful
book “▱ࢁ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠋ”, a conversation about radiation and its effects in theaftermath of the accident.

I㸫8Development of International Humanitarian Law
and its Application in Times of Disaster
Atsuhiko Kakuda
Researcher
Japanese Red Cross Institute for Humanitarian Studies

About 150 years ago, in 1864, the first international humanitarian law – the Geneva
Convention (the so-called 'Red Cross Convention') was adopted. Its original purpose wasto protect and provide care for the wounded in the battlefield and to recognize andrespect the humanity of combatants once they had had given up their weapons. This
concept of international humanitarian law, which originated as a result of war, is now
being applied as humanitarian assistance to peacetime victims of conflicts and disasters.
In this talk, we will discuss how this humanitarian perspective can be applied to relief
and reconstruction assistance.
As one of the fundamental principles of the Red Cross, "humanity" refers to the need"to prevent and alleviate human suffering, protect life and health, and to ensure respectfor human dignity." Following this principle, it can be said that humanitarianassistance is 'to preserve life while preserving human dignity and eliminating suffering'.
This definition recognizes that how to assist people is equally as important as the typeof assistance being provided.
Every year, life-threatening conflicts and disasters occur leaving victims in needsupport. This support requires considerable resources and has become increasingly
broad in scope (often, for example, including mental health care etc.). Manyorganizations work hard to respond to these events however, in order to provide the best
possible quality of aid to victims, there is a need to ensure the right to life with dignity,
to enable victims to receive proper humanitarian assistance, protection and safety. This
is not only necessary for saving lives, but also to preserve respect for the culture andcustoms of the victims.

I㸫9[Biography]
Atsuhiko KAKUDA is a Researcher of the Japanese Red Cross Institute for
Humanitarian Studies. In a career spanning more than 20 years with the Japanese Red
Cross Society (JRCS), he has experienced several relief operations in the field including
earthquake and tsunami disasters in Papua New Guinea (1998) and Indonesia (2004)
and the 2003 earthquake in Iran. He also joined the evaluation program for JRCS
medical assistance in Afghanistan, 2003, as a Deputy Director of International Relief
Division, JRCS National Headquarters in Tokyo. He was a member of a working groupfor establishing the Asia and Pacific Region disaster database under the International
Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) from 1996-1998. He has also
played a leading role in conducting training in International Humanitarian Law (IHL)
to Red Cross staffs and school children, and in developing IHL educational materials
such as “Handbook on the Red Cross Emblem” and “Exploring Humanitarian Law”.

I㸫10Citizen Participation and Consensus Building inEnvironmental Planning after the Fukushima
Nuclear Accident: Discussing the Example from a
Participatory Project in EU

Yukio Hirose
Professor
Faculty of Safety Science
Kansai University
Abstract(In environmental planning after the Fukushima nuclear accident, consensus
building is now needed more than ever, through collaboration among governments,
citizens and experts. This lecture provides the findings of a case study of a participatory
consensus building approach developed in the EU, and considers how consensus can bebuilt on a project that involves fierce conflicts of interest through a participatory
approach, which features citizen participation and deliberation.)
Summary of Lecture
In environmental planning for nuclear power-related projects after the Fukushima
nuclear accident, it is often difficult to reach consensus on such projects due to
conflicting arguments and interests between citizens and the government, or among thecitizens themselves. For example, regarding the permanent disposal of specified
radioactive and other waste from the nuclear accident, the Japanese government plans
to construct final disposal facilities in each prefecture. However, the plan has madelittle headway. In Miyagi Prefecture, government officials explained the selection
procedures for potential sites for final disposal facilities to a conference of allmunicipalities in the prefecture. Based on the results of expert assessments, a numberof candidate sites were selected. However, amid opposition from local residents, evenfield surveys of potential sites have not been conducted. The construction of apermanent nuclear waste disposal facility is a Not-In-My-Back-Yard (NIMBY) project,in that although the central government’s plan to construct a facility in the prefecture
has been agreed in principle, once a candidate site is selected, the plan encountersstrong local opposition because of the potentially heavy burden on nearby residents.
What are the requisites for reaching a public consensus in such environmental
planning? A consensus cannot be built simply by describing the potential social benefitsI㸫11

of the proposed project and explaining that it is a low-risk project. The argument has
been growing that in addition to providing such information, it is absolutely necessary
to employ fair public involvement procedures that offer various participation anddeliberation opportunities to citizens in the planning process.
Responding to the problem of confrontation between citizens and stakeholders withdifferent values and conflicting interests, and ineffective communication between
experts and citizens, various citizen participation tools such as consensus conferences
and planning cells were developed to help consensus building in environmental
planning. Those tools have been actually employed in environmental planning for waste,transport and other projects mainly in the European Union.
However, it remains unclear what kind of participation procedures for such tools
would be considered fair by citizens. It is also unclear whether citizens will actuallyaccept the project even if they consider the procedure to be fair.
To examine whether public acceptance can be gained through successful citizen
participation and deliberation procedures, the presenter first describes a transport
project conducted in Karlsruher City as an example of a successful participatory projectthat involved stakeholders, citizens and experts in intensive deliberations, then reports
the findings of a social survey of the citizens. The survey results indicated that theprocedural fairness of citizen participation is an important determinant for public
acceptance of the project. The important factors contributing to the perceived
procedural fairness are representative participants, opportunities to discuss andexpress views on the proposed project, and disclosure of related information toparticipants and other citizens. The survey also revealed that citizens who opposed theplan think that they have to accept the conclusion reached through the citizen
participation project as long as they recognize that the participation procedure was fair.
Drawing lessons from this case in the EU, we can consider what is necessary forconsensus building on the construction of radioactive waste disposal facilities. First, allproject stakeholders and local residents need to share the recognition that they will
work together to develop an acceptable solution as parties concerned. Second, they alsoneed to share a perception of the procedural fairness of the public participation process,characterized by adequate information disclosure by experts and governments,
opportunities for dialogue and discussions between representatives of all stakeholders
including citizens, and a transparent decision-making process. In addition, it is alsoI㸫12

necessary that all parties concerned have confidence in the experts who will be
entrusted with the task of examining and evaluating the selection criteria of suitable
candidate sites in accordance with this recognized, fair procedure. In this way,consensus building will require all stakeholders and citizens to continue to generateagreements at different stages of the decision-making process.

[Biography] (Yukio Hirose, Professor, Faculty of Safety Science, Kansai University)
Yukio Hirose received a degree in Psychology at Nagoya University. His PhD researchpertained the action research strategy to solve social dilemma in environmental issues.
He was professor at the graduate school of environmental studies at Nagoya University,
specializing in environmental policy, environmental management, and environmental
psychology. Since 2001 he is professor at Kansai University, specializing in risk
communication and environmental psychology.

His current research focuses inprocedural and distributive justice in consensus building of environmental planning.
He published various books and articles on environmental conscious behavior,gaming-simulation ofenvironmental conflict and cooperation, citizen participation,and risk communication.
Momentarily he is involved in various projects such as: effects of procedural fairness
and trust on public acceptance of geological disposal of high level radioactive waste in
UK, France, and Japan.

I㸫13

ICRP: Five Years of Dialogue, and Improving
Recommendations for Post-Accident Recovery
Christopher Clement CHP
Scientific Secretary
International Commission on Radiological Protection

Following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident, ICRP initiated a
dialogue focused on working with the people living in Fukushima prefecture. In
cooperation with a multitude of organisations (Japanese, foreign, and international;
government, and non-government) this initiative sought to: transfer experience from
communities affected by the Chernobyl accident; facilitate discussion among
stakeholders; learn for ICRP to improve future recommendations; and, share ICRP
recommendations directly with communities. To capture a wide variety of viewpoints,
this initiative also encompasses discussions with the industry, government, and theinternational community. This presentation will trace the path of the twelve main
dialogue meetings from November 2011 to September 2015 and the International
Workshop on the Fukushima Dialogue Initiative in December 2015, and describe work
now being done by ICRP to improve its recommendations for global radiologicalprotection.
[Biography]
Mr Clement graduated from McMaster University (Hamilton, Canada) with a Master of
Science degree in medical physics, and Diplomate of the American Academy of Health
Physics. His career began with more than a decade working for the Canadiangovernment in low-level waste management and environmental restoration. He thenworked for the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission for about a decade, in uranium
mine decommissioning, radiological counter-terrorism, and ultimately as Director of
Radiation Protection. The latter included duties as the Canadian representative to theInternational Atomic Energy Agency’s Radiation Safety Standards Committee, and theOECD Nuclear Energy Agency’s Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health.
Since 2008 he has been the Scientific Secretary of the International Commission on
Radiological Protection (ICRP), and since 2012 he has also been a member of theInternational Radiation Protection Association Executive Council.
I㸫14

Chairs and Panelists
Panel Discussion
February 14, 2016
15:10 –16:40

Chair:Jacques Lochard
Director, Nuclear Protection Evaluation Centre (CEPN),
Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
Vice-chair, International Commission on Radiological Protection

Jacques LOCHARD was educated in Economics at the University of BesançonFrance and Pantheon-Sorbonne in Paris. He joined the Nuclear Protection Evaluation
Centre (CEPN) as a research associate in 1977 and became its director in 1989. CEPN
is a non-profit organization, founded in 1976, for research and consulting in the nuclear
energy area in the evaluation of the technical, health economic and social dimensions ofradiation protection (http://www.cepn.asso.fr/).
Jacques LOCHARD's main contribution in radiation protection has been in thedevelopment of methodologies for the implementation of the optimisation principles. He
has published several tens of articles in scientific journals and in proceedings ofinternational conferences covering both the theoretical and practical aspects of
optimisation.
Since the early nineties he has been involved in several international projects related tothe management of the post-accident situation of Chernobyl particularly in Belarus where
he spent more than a year in the contaminated areas in the context of the ETHOS project(1996-2001) and the CORE programme (2004-2008). He is currently engaged in Japan in
activities related to the long-term consequences of the Fukushima accident.
Jacques LOCHARD has been President of the French Society of Radiation Protection(SFRP), Chairman of the Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) of
the Nuclear Energy Agency of the OECD and Executive Officer of the International
Radiation Protection Association (IRPA). Jacques LOCHARD is currently Vice-Chair of
ICRP.
For more curriculum vitae, check the following website䠖
http://www.icrp.org/icrp_membership.asp

II㸫1Chair:Rethy K. Chhem
Executive Director of the Camboidian Development Resources
Institute (CDRI)(Former Director, Division of Human Health, IAEA)

Dr Chhem Rethy is a medical doctor, biomedical scientist, science diplomat, historian of
medicine, and educationalist, with experience in global health policy and ASEAN Higher
Education. He has taught radiology at various universities in Canada, Singapore, Japanand Austria for 28 years. He was the Chairman of Medical Imaging Department at
Western University (Canada) before joining the International Atomic Energy Agency as
Director of the Division of Human Health (2008-2014). He is currently the Executive
Director of the Cambodian Development Resource Institute, a leading think tank in
Cambodia and the ASEAN region. He holds a MD, a PhD in Education and a PhD in
History. He published more than a hundred scientific articles and edited 17 textbooks
on radiology, radiology education, paleoradiology, philosophy of medical imaging andradiation sciences with two on Fukushima nuclear accident. He is currently adistinguished visiting professor at the Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki,
Hiroshima and Fukushima Medical University.

II㸫2

Panelist:
Albert L. Wiley, Jr., BNE, MD, PhD, FACR
Senior Physician and Scientific Advisor of REAC/TS, and Headof the World Health Organization (REMPAN) Collaborating
Center at Oak Ridge
Emeritus Professor of Human Oncology and Radiology,
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Albert L. Wiley, Jr., BNE, MD, PhD was director (2004-2016) and now is senior physician
and scientific advisor at REAC/TS and Head, WHO Collaborating Center at Oak Ridge.
He was also a committee member and lead writer for medical sections of the UNSCEAR
and the IAEA Comprehensive Reports on the FUKUSHIMA Accident. His professional
career began as a Nuclear Engineer with a Bachelor of Nuclear Engineering and an AEC(ORINS) sponsored fellowship for nuclear engineering graduate studies at North
Carolina State University. He worked in the nuclear industry prior to obtaining an MD
degree from University of Rochester School of Medicine, did a surgical internship at
University of Virginia, and later a PhD in Radiological Sciences (radiobiology) from the
University of Wisconsin Graduate School of Letters & Science. He received residency
training in Radiation Therapy & Nuclear Medicine at the University of Wisconsin
Medical Center and at the Stanford University Medical Center in Palo Alto, Calif. He iscurrently Professor Emeritus at the Department of Radiology & Human Oncology at the
University of Wisconsin – Madison and was, prior to coming to REAC/TS, professor andchairman of the Department of Radiation Oncology, and Cancer Center interim Director
at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC. He has over 180 journal, book and abstract
publications in radiation oncology, nuclear medicine, radiobiology and radiation
medicine. In recent years he has served as the medical team leader on NNSA sponsoredtraining and exercises in Iraq, Kuwait, Korea, South Africa, Morocco, Vienna (IAEA),
Argentina, Israel, Mexico, Ukraine, Singapore and Japan, and the NNSA (DOE) medical
representative at the RADCC launch control team for the NASA Mars Science Lab and
the Pluto launches. He is also a retired member of the USN Reserve (retired).
For more curriculum vitae, check the following website䠖
http://orise.orau.gov/reacts/symposium/speakers/Wiley.html

II㸫3

Panelist:
Thomas E. Johnson
Associate Professor
Colorado State University

Dr. Johnson is currently an assistant professor and the head of the Radiation Protection
and Measurements Section at Colorado State University. He was appointed by two
successive Governors to the State of Colorado Radiation Advisory Board, and was electedchair in 2015.

He has authored or co-authored over 30 peer reviewed papers, two

textbooks, and mentored over 40 graduate students.

He has been responsible formultiple research projects funded by the Department of Defense, Nuclear Regulatory
Commission, Department of Energy, United States Department of Agriculture, and otheragencies. Dr Johnson has worked as a consultant for electric utilities in the USA and
Canada, as well as multiple government agencies. He earned his PhD in Health Physics
from Purdue University, is a Certified Health Physicist, and Certified Laser Safety
Officer. In addition to his academic duties, Dr. Johnson was an active member of theUnited States Air Force reserves until 2009 when he retired the rank of major. Dr.
Johnson also served for six years in the United States Navy, as an engineering laboratory
technician, on the nuclear powered submarine USS Cavalla.

II㸫4

Abstracts
Student Oral
Presentation
February 13, 2016
13:05 –15:30

Phoenix Leader Education Program
The 5th International Symposium Student Oral Presentation
February 13, 2016
RADIATION DISASTER MEDICINE COURSE
Abstract
No

Time

1

13:05-13:20

Uranchimeg Tsegmed My Long-term Internship at the IAEA

2

13:20-13:35

Lin Yen Hwa

The Impact of Different Multi-leaf Collimator Thicknesses on Dose Distribution
and Skin Dose for Lung and Liver Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy

3

13:35-13:50

Ekaterina Royba

Application of Genome Editing Technology into Radiation Biology for
Understanding Individual Difference of Radiosensitivity

Name

Oral Presentation Title

RADIOACTIVITY ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION COURSERADIOACTIVITY SOCIAL RECOVERY COURSE
4

13:50-14:05

Do Xuan Bien

Impacts of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident-related Migration on Demography of
the Affected Areas

5

14:05-14:20

Russell Sarwar Kabir

Uncertainty Intolerance: Radiation as Source of Prospective Anxiety(Break Time: 14:20 - 14:30)

6

14:30-14:45

Fumie Yamaguchi

Difference in Attitudes towards Nuclear Power Plants in High-risk and Low-benefit
Situations: Factors Determining Public Acceptance of Nuclear Power Plants

7

14:45-15:00

Yurika Oba

Seasonal Change in Cs-137 Concentration of a Shoot of an Evergreen Conifer(Abies firma ) in Fukushima, Japan8

15:00-15:15

Momo Takada

Radiocesium Dynamics in Soils in Deciduous Broadleaf Forests in Fukushima

GROUP PRESENTATION: 1st year students

9

15:15-15:30

Chryzel Angelica
Babaan GONZALES,
Tatsuhiro SUZUKI,
Mari ISHIMORI, andBasuki TRIYONO

Strengths and Challenges for Fukushima's Road to Recovery

No. 1My Long-term Internship Program at the IAEA
Uranchimeg Tsegmed
Department of Radiation Oncology
Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences,
Hiroshima University
Keywords: internship experience, overexposure prevention
I worked as intern at the IAEA’s Incident and Emergency Centre (IEC) under Mr.
Jean Francois Lafortune’s supervision for a period of four months (March 2nd to June 30th,2015). During this period, I was the main researcher in a project involving development ofa tool for medical follow up of overexposed patients. The work required a broad knowledgeof the medical aspects in radiation overexposure, as well as the ability to analyze andorganize medical information about overexposed patients in a context of a user-based
platform.
During the four months working with IAEA – IEC, I gained experience in developing
functional design of computer tools and database structures. I considerably improved myknowledge concerning radiation disaster medicine and management of radiation
emergencies by working on the above project and attending conferences concerning this field.
This internship program provides the opportunity to gain practical work experienceat professional levels in line with one’s studies and interests. I strongly believe that theexperience I gained within IAEA - IEC will be a major influence in my future work andcareer.
I would like to thank the Phoenix Leader Education Program, Department ofRadiation Oncology of Hiroshima University and IAEA - IEC for supporting me during thisinternship.

III-1

No. 2The impact of different multi-leaf collimator thicknesses on dose
distribution and skin dose for lung and liver stereotactic bodyradiation therapy
Yen Hwa Lin1, Shuichi Ozawa2, Daisuke Kawahara3, Akito Saito2, Tejii
Nishio2, Yasushi Nagata2
1Graduate

School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima

University; 2Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Biomedicaland Health Sciences, Hiroshima University; 3Section of Radiation
Therapy, Department of Clinical Support, HiroshimaUniversity
Hospital.
Keywords: SBRT, 3D-CRT, VMAT, MLC thickness, skin dose
Multi-leaf collimator (MLC) is a computer-controlled aperture that made up of leaves withhigh atomic numbered material. The MLC is mounted on the gantry of linear accelerator toprovide conformal beam shaping, by moving each leaf independently based on the radiation
treatment plan. Different MLC thicknesses are expected to have different impacts on thedose distribution and on the tissue sparing. We are interested to know how much difference
does the 2.5 mm MLC compared with the 5 mm MLC for stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT). Non-small cell lung carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma cases were planned byusing Eclipse treatment planning system with 2.5 mm and 5 mm MLC thicknesses. Dose of
48 Gy/ 4 fractions was prescribed to 95% of the planning target volume as 80% marginal
prescription. The three dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) planningtechnique used four coplanar and four non-coplanar beams. For volumetric modulated arc
therapy (VMAT) planning technique, one or two coplanar arcs were used. Treatment plan
verification was performed on slab phantoms using orthogonal films and ion chambers. Skindose was measured on Rando phantom with dosimeter (e.g., film, and ion chamber) andcompared with the calculated dose on treatment planning system. Monitor units anddosimetric parameters (e.g., conformity index, D95%, V5Gy, V20Gy) were compared for different
planning techniques and different MLC thicknesses. The actual irradiation time for eachplanning technique was measured. The dose to healthy tissues is expected to be higher withthe 2.5 mm than 5 mm MLC thickness due to the dose spillage resulted from the interleaves
leakages. However, the conformity index is higher in 2.5 mm MLC with smaller tumor
volume than in 5 mm MLC thickness. Total monitor units is expected to be higher in VMAT,
however the total treatment time is expected to be shorted compared with 3D-CRT. Thisquantitative study would be a useful data to establish the treatment planning protocol for
SBRT.

III-2

No. 3

Application of genome editing technology into radiation biology forunderstanding individual difference of radiosensitivity
Ekaterina Royba1, Silvia Natsuko Akutsu1, Hiromi Yanagihara1,
Kosuke Hosoba1, Hiroshi Ochiai2, Yoshiki Kudo3, Satoshi Tashiro4,
Tatsuo Miyamoto1, Shinya Matsuura1*
1 Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute for
Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 7348553, Japan
2 Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of
Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences,
Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
4 Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine,
Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan*Correspondence: e-mail: shinya@hiroshima-u.ac.jp

Although current radiological protection system is based on the standards uniformly
established to the public, so far the numerous scientific publications have been postulated
that individual difference of radiosensitivity exists in human population. Moreover, we havedeveloped quantitative cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus formation (CBMN) assay andcytogenetic approach to demonstrate that the heterozygous carriers of hyper-radiosensitive
diseases including Ataxia-telangiectasia and Nijmegen breakage syndrome showedintermediate chromosomal instability post IR between normal individuals and the patients.
These carriers are clinically normal and exist at several percent in human population.
Therefore, the future radiological protection system should rely on the heterogeneity ofradiosensitivity in human population.
It has been speculated that the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on DNA
repair genes might be genetic determinants of different sensitivity to IR. To clarify that thecandidate SNPs are indeed responsible for the heterogeneity of individual radiosensitivity,
comparative analysis of radiosensitivity in primary cells carrying the candidate SNPs isfruitful but difficult to evaluate their small-sized biological effects due to some confounding
factors and diverse genetic background of human population. Thus, precise intercomparison of the candidate SNPs underlying individual radiosensitivity requires theexperimental system using human cultured cell lines with uniform genetic background.
However, human cultured cells have not been good model for reverse genetic approach
because of the extreme low activity of homologous recombination. The recent genome
editing technology using artificial nucleases TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 system enables us
to establish the candidate SNP-knock-in cell line efficiently. Previously, we developed a new
approach termed “TALEN-mediated two-step single-base-pair editing” to introduce a
causative variant linked with chromosomal instability into human cultured cell line (Ochiai
et al., PNAS 2014). Here we used CRISPR/Cas9 system and single-strand oligonucleotides(ssODN) as a targeting donor to generate a single-step single-base-pair editing techniquein human cultured cells. Using these reverse genetic approaches, we attempt to establish
human model cells with the candidate SNPs on DNA repair genes and evaluate theirradiosensitivity.

III-3

No. 4

Impacts of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident-related Migration
on Demography of the Affected Areas
Do Xuan Bien
Graduate School of Letters, Hiroshima University
Keywords: demographic changes, nuclear accident evacuees,
Fukushima nuclear accident

Secondary data reveals that the nuclear accident, which occurred at the Fukushima
Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in March 2011, has led to significant changes in the
demography of its affected areas. A number of studies have investigated the impacts of theincident on the population. The acceleration of the rates of depopulation in general and theaging population in particular have been observed in the Tohoku region, especially inFukushima Prefecture where the nuclear power plant was located (Hino, 2011; Ishikawa,
2012; Oikawa, 2013). Oda (2012), and Ishikawa (2012), described the geographicaldistribution of evacuees outside Fukushima Prefecture using secondary data. In addition,
research on evacuee characteristics with regard to age and gender has been initiated (Isoda,2011). However, the differences of demographic changes between municipalities, especiallythose under the evacuation zones and those outside the evacuation zones, have not beenclearly analyzed. The dynamics of the movement of evacuees associated with spatial andtemporal aspects also have not been well investigated.
In this presentation, I will discuss my PhD research plans related to thedemographic changes before and after the nuclear accident in Fukushima Prefecture, withparticular emphasis on changes in the affected areas. Based primarily on reporting from therecently available National Census 2015, the demographic changes between affected areasand non-affected areas will also be considered. The analysis will be focused on the changes
in the total population, in gender and age structure, and in the geographical movement of
the population. I hope this study will elaborate the impacts of the nuclear accident on the
population, especially in the domain and aspects that previous research has not yet
investigated.

III-4

No. 5

Uncertainty Intolerance: Radiation as Source of Prospective
Anxiety
Russell Sarwar Kabir
Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University
Keywords: anxiety; dread risk; intolerance of uncertainty; disasterrelated cognitive science
Nonspecific psychological distress has been reported as an outcome of disasters
associated with radiation exposure, specifically in Chernobyl-affected workers and migrants
in Ukraine and survivors of the atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This suggeststhat the threat associated with radiation exposure invokes chronic components of fear oranxiety either through dreaded, unknown or unbounded relative risk appraisal, themarginalizing social phobia of radiation as a human-to-human contaminant, or by someother mechanism. Results from corpus linguistics research on sentiment valences expressedin social media responses to the 2011 disasters of Japan also indicate a chronic tendency
towards the consequences of the nuclear incident in Fukushima, perhaps due to theanthropogenic nature of the disaster, stigmatized attitudes toward nuclear technology andits status as a political good, or maladaptive beliefs in radiation risk perception.
The Fukushima Health Management Survey (FHMS) and other studies haveobserved a number of other psychological phenomena related to the nuclear incident, toinclude ambiguous loss, migration leading to family stress, problem behavior and regression
to childhood in youth, and purported mother-child attachment-related stress transference.
However, this presentation focuses on possible cognitive factors implicated in radiation

exposure and hypothesizes them as contributors to a kind of prospective anxiety due to thesensory uncertainty, dread risk characteristics, ambiguous nature of the onset ofdeterministic effects, and social phobia-inducing potential that radiation exposure
promulgates. The nature of radiation as a dread-inducing threat perhaps makes it a unique
disaster stressor to be avoided in the processing of emotional upheaval and ultimately leaves
its perceived threat unresolved, thereby agitating the chronic worry at the heart ofradiation-related psychological distress, if it exists. Another component might be thecognitive vulnerability factor for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) known as intoleranceof uncertainty (IU), which is involved in the anticipation of future perceived threats. These

dread and cognitive factors will be emphasized in my research plans for psychometricconstruct clarification, creation, validation, and investigation of radiation-related anxiety.

III-5

No. 6

Difference in Attitudes Towards Nuclear Power Plants in High-risk
and Low-benefit Situations: Factors Determining Public
Acceptance of Nuclear Power Plants
Fumie Yamaguchi, Kiriko Sakata, Hitomi Sugiura
Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima
University
Keywords: Urgent Proactive Action Planning Zone (UPZ), nuclear power plant, trust,group identification
Before the Fukushima accident, only areas within a 5-10 kilometer radius of nuclear
power plants (NPPs) were selected as focus areas when they were required to develop
disaster prevention plans in Japan. However, focus areas were expanded to a 30-kilometerradius of NPPs after the accident, subsequently named Urgent Protective Action Planning
Zones (UPZs).
This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and determinants of attitudes
regarding NPPs in UPZs. We particularly focused on trust as a determinant of attitudes
regarding NPPs. We hypothesized it was likely that residents have a different recognitionof NPPs, because of their ‘high risk and low benefit’ situation in UPZs without NPPs.
600 participants completed online questionnaires inquiring about their demographic
variables, group identification with cities/towns and prefectures, social fairness and trust
towards the national and local governments, attitudes towards NPPs and radiation andbasic knowledge about radiation, as well as the General Trust Scale. Participants wereselected from three areas: areas where NPPs are located (NPP areas), UPZs without NPPs
(UPZ areas), and areas where NPPs are not located (no-NPP areas).
Contrary to our prediction, the results of an analysis of variance showed nosignificant differences between the three areas on attitudes towards NPPs. On the other
hand, results of structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated people that trusted thenational and local governments had more positive attitudes towards NPPs in all the areas.
However, those that trusted the local government accepted less NPPs only in no-NPP areas.
This could be because residents in nuclear-related areas could trust (or wanted to trust)
NPPs, because these areas have already accepted NPPs. In addition, those with high group
identification with cities/towns had more negative attitudes about NPPs only in NPP and
UPZ areas, whereas those with high group identification with prefectures had more positive
attitudes about NPPs only in NPP areas. These results suggest there are differences indeterminants of public acceptance related to NPPs between different areas investigated inthis study.

III-6

No. 7

Seasonal Change in Cs-137 Concentration of a Shoot of an
Evergreen Conifer (Abies firma) in Fukushima, Japan
Yurika Oba*1, Toshihiro Yamada1, Kiyoshi Shizuma2, Toshinori
Okuda1
1Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima

University

2Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University

Radiocesium concentration in a tree body varies among parts of a tree such as leaves,branches and stems. To understand this heterogeneity, a destructive sampling that fells atree was often conducted in forests contaminated with radiocesium. But this approach does
not allow us to monitor contamination level of a tree over time. Off-course, continuous
monitoring by a non-destructive sampling is necessary to do this. We are interested in thechange in contamination level of a tree with time after the contamination. We used a nondestructive sampling method instead of destructive ones. Our non-destructive approach
focuses on the needle-leaves of conifers that are known to accumulate radiocesium morethan other parts of trees. Collecting only leaves every season from same individuals makes
it possible to monitor changes of radiocesium in tree bodies over time. In this study, weinvestigated the concentration of radiocesium in needles of Japanese fir ( Abies firma)
growing in secondary mixed forests located about 40 km northwest from the Fukushima
Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant to clarify the seasonal change of radiocesium concentration inneedles of this species. We collected needles from upper and lower parts of a tree tounderstand the vertical movement of radiocesium in a tree body.
There was a significant difference in the radiocesium concentration in needles
between upper and lower parts of trees in every season. The difference was amplified insummer and lessened in winter. Leaves from upper parts showed greater seasonal change
in the concentration of radiocesium than those from lower parts. This indicated that therelocation of radiocesium in needles differs between them.

III-7

No. 8

Radiocesium Dynamics in Soils in Deciduous Broadleaf Forests inFukushima
Momo Takada
Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima
University
Keywords: forest soil, Cs-137, temporal variation, spatial distribution

Radioactive materials released from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant remain in
the neighbouring forests where large amounts of radiocaesium were deposited on the forest
floor. To understand the dynamics of radiocaesium within a forest ecosystem and its outflow
from the forest to other ecosystems, the temporal and spatial variations of radiocaesium inlitter on the forest floors and in forest soils need to be clarified. We examined the downward
migration of radiocaesium and the spatial distribution of radiocaesium in the forest soil.
Field surveys were conducted in Fukushima Prefecture from July 2013 to November 2015.
Study sites were placed in mixed deciduous forests dominated by Quercus crispula and Abies

firma. Radiocaesium migration from the litter layer to the soil layer was observed. During
our study, the activity of radiocaesium in the litter layer decreased by 90%, while the activity
in the soil layer increased. The migration rates from the litter layer to the soil layer weremuch larger than those within the soil layer, suggesting that most radiocaesium persists
near the soil surface as shown in many previous studies after the Chernobyl accident. In
addition, there was marked spatial heterogeneity of the radiocaesium distribution in theforest soil. The activity of radiocaesium in the soil decreased with increasing distance fromtrees, while it increased with tree size around the bases of deciduous broadleaf trees. Thispattern is thought to be affected by throughfall and stemflow containing radiocaesium.

III-8

No. 9Strengths and Challenges for Fukushima’s Road to Recovery
Chryzel Angelica Gonzales1, Mari Ishimori3
Triyono Basuki2, Tatsuhiko Suzuki1
Hiroshima University
1Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences
2Graduate School of Science

3Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences

The Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 was considered the first triple disaster(earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear) that happened in history. The aftermaths of thesedisasters were observed during our trip to Iitate Village, Minamisoma City, and several
affected towns in Fukushima Prefecture. There were still some remaining tsunami damages
at the mouth of Ota river, abandoned properties (e.g. houses, cars, bicycles, stores, etc.) in
Odaka station, background radiation doses recorded from our dosimeters that suddenly
went up in many areas of Iitate Village and along Route 6, and countless piles of bags
containing contaminated soils, grasses, and muds.
The experiments and presentations by experts during our one-day trip taught us alot of lessons and realizations about the real situation of Fukushima after the triple disaster
incident. However, Fukushima today is on its way to recovery. We witnessed the ongoingrehabilitation and reconstruction of Soma Port which was badly hit by the tsunami.
Residents were relocated to higher ground for safety measures and higher sea walls werealso built. The bridge at the mouth of Ota River that was wiped out after the tsunami is now
under construction. In Odaka Station, some residents were already preparing for theirreturn in April 2016. We were also informed that the radiation doses during our trip weremuch lower compared to last year’s trip. Despite our different nationalities and academic
disciplines, we shared one thing in common during our visit to Fukushima: hope forcontinuous recovery. Furthermore, this trip gives us determination and motivation to makea difference in our respective researches and on the communities we will visit again next
year. In this presentation, we will share our first personal experiences with Fukushima,knowing the importance of disciplinary approach and understanding the basis to develop
radiation disaster recovery studies.

III-9

Abstracts
Student Poster
Presentation
February 13, 2016
16:00 –18:15

No. 1

Accidental overexposure related to new radiation therapy technologies
U. Tsegmed1,3, N. Fahim1, A. K. Batcha1, T. Nakashima2 , Y. Nagata3,
M. Abdel-Wahab4
Intern at the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
Division of Radiation Therapy, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan3
Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health
Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
4
Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
1
2

Keywords: radiation therapy accidents, overexposure in radiotherapyThe discovery of X-ray at the end of nineteenth century allowed the use of radiation in medicine fordiagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Over the decades, new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques developed rapidly
and contributed to improvements in health care. Along with the greater realization of the benefits of these advancesin healthcare came a greater recognition of the impact of medical accidental overexposures as well as the importanceof preventive measures to avoid or minimize their occurrence. Furthermore, recent literature suggests that medical
radiation can contribute to radiation exposure at the population level [1]. During the period between 1966 and 2007,
accidents in medical use was one of the leading causes of acute health effects and even deaths [2]. The greatest
number of people overexposed and deaths due to radiation therapy overexposure were during 1980-2013 period [1].
Hence, enhancing safety of the currently available techniques in the radiation oncology field is essential.
This study will examine medical overexposure incidents related to new technologies in radiation therapy
during the period between 2000-2009. The main causes of the accidents will be analyzed, and conclusions maderegarding opportunities for quality- improvement for patients receiving radiation therapy.
This poster will show that with proper preparation in general training, focusing on quality-assurance, canreduce the number of accidental events in radiation therapy using new technologies.
References1.
2.

Coeytaux, K., et al., Reported radiation overexposure accidents worldwide, 1980-2013: A systematic
review. PLoS One, 2015. 10(3): p. e0118709.
UNSCEAR 2008 Report: Volume II, Annex C: Radiation exposures in accidents, p. 38.

IV-1

No. 2

Factors that determine the level of trust among Fukushima mothers
Mariko Komatsu
Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University
Keywords: Fukushima, psychosocial issues, trust, institutional confidence

In radiation disasters, the mental and social well-being of the residents were profoundly affected by theenormous impact of the disaster and various changes in their daily lives, as well as the fear and stigma of radiation.
The most significant public health consequence in both the Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents have been told tobe mental health effects among the residents (Bromet et al., 2011; Chernobyl Forum, 2006; UNSCEAR, 2013).
What determined their post-accident behaviours and sense of well-being? This study hypothesizes that thesocial support and kinds of information that the residents had previously acquired may be key factors. Trust towards
various information sources, and an individual’s media literacy were also considered to play a role, and thus to be
included in the models and questionnaires.
For this survey, Fukushima mothers of infants and toddlers were selected as the sample, as because we
presume that their desire for accurate information is amplified due to their need to protect their children fromradiation. Total 311 mothers were asked to fill in the questionnaire and then interviewed at their homes during theperiod of October 2014 to February 2015. The data collection was part of the project, “Development of an inclusive
support system for protection of the Fukushima toddlers from the effects of the nuclear accident”, funded by the
Ministry of Environment for the years 2014-2017.
The analysis indicated that socio-environmental factors such as economic condition, mother’s academic
background, health condition of the child had statistically significant correlation with the institutional confidence
among Fukushima mothers. Different factors are accentuated as the confidence determinants in different institutions.
In general, mothers’ affective states such as anxiety and self-efficacy seemed not to influence their confidence
towards institutions while the level of information literacy did.

IV-2

No. 3

Spatial characteristics of soil 137Cs in a mixed deciduous broadleaf forest
in Fukushima, Japan
M. Takada1), T. Takahara1, 2), T. Yamada1), T. Okuda1)
1)2)

Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University
Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University

Keywords: forest soil, spatial heterogeneity, stemflow, canopy interception
Radiocesium in forest soils derived from Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant is known to show spatial
heterogeneity. A precise study of radiocesium dynamics within a forest ecosystem requires accurate evaluation ofcontamination in soil, but the spatial heterogeneity may prevent the precise studies of radiocesium dynamics.
Therefore, spatial characteristics of soil radiocesium in a forest ecosystem are important information for the
dynamics study. In the present study, we studied the relationship between spatial variation of radiocesium in forest
soil and tree distribution c.a. 44 km northwest of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, Japan. This study
focuses on canopy interception and downward transfer from the forest canopy to the forest floor via stemflow andthroughfall as the main causes of the spatial heterogeneity.
We established a study plot (400 m2) in the canopy layer of a secondary mixed deciduous forest, dominatedby Japanese oak (Quercus crispula) and Japanese fir (Abies firma), in August and November 2014. Soil was sampledfrom 0 to 5 cm depth and 137Cs was measured under the canopy using a 2-m grid and also at the tree trunk bases.
The total estimated activity of 137Cs in soil was approximately 203.6 kBq m−2 and showed large spatial
heterogeneity within the study plot. The soils around tree trunk bases showed the highest activity. It was presumably
due to the stemflow containing 137Cs. The activity in soil at the south-facing side of the tree trunk bases was generally
higher than that at the north-facing side. It is probable that the direction of the radioactive plume from southeast tonorthwest over the study site led to the directional bias for radiocesium deposition on the tree bodies. The unevenly
deposited radiocesium was washed down with precipitation and infiltrated into the soil around the tree trunk bases
via stemflow. Consequently, for most trees, 137Cs activity in soil on the south-facing side was higher than that on thenorth-facing side of the trees. As soil 137Cs activity under the crowns was higher than that in the crown gaps, aneffect of canopy interception was not observed in the present study site. Our results suggest that the large spatial
heterogeneity of 137Cs activity in soil may be partially explained by tree distribution in a mixed deciduous forest.

IV-3

No. 4No. 4Migration pathway of radioactive materials from the Agano River mouth tothesouthern
Okhotsk
Migration
pathwayof Searadioactive materials from the Agano River mouth tothe southern Okhotsk Sea
Yasushi Nabae1, 2), Sunao Miyashita1), Satoru Nakashima1, 3)
Yasushi Nabae1, 2), Sunao Miyashita1), Satoru Nakashima1, 3)
1) Radioactivity Environmental Protection Course, Phoenix Leader Education
for RenaissancefromProtection
RadiationCourse,
Disaster,Hiroshima
University
1) Program
Radioactivity
Environmental
Phoenix
Leader
Education2) Hydrographic
and Oceanographic
Department,
Japan
Coast Guard
Program for Renaissancefrom Radiation
Disaster,Hiroshima
University
3)
Science
Centerfor Basic Researchand Development,
Hiroshima2) Natural
Hydrographic
andOceanographic
Department,
Japan Coast Guard
University3) Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima
University
1. Introduction
1. Introduction
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident occurred in March 2011. A large quantity of
The Fukushima
DaiichiPower
Plant(FDNPP) accident
occurred
March
2011.
A large quantityofradioactive
materials
wasNuclear
released
into theenvironment,
contaminating
theinareaaroundFukushima.
The Japan
134 released into the environment, contaminating the area around Fukushima. The Japan
radioactive
Cs in seawater and seabed soil in Ishikari Bay during surveys conducted in 2011 andCoast
Guardmaterials
observedwas
134
Cs inpathway
seawaterofandseabed soil
in IshikariBayduring surveys
conducted
in 2011Inand
Coast However,
Guard observed
2012.
the migration
radioactive
materials
fromFukushima
to Ishikari
is unknown.
this

2012. However,theweremigration
pathwaymaterials
Fukushima
is unknown.
In thisstudy,
seabed soils
collected
from oftheradioactive
points shown
Fig. 1, fromand wefound thattoaIshikari
small amountof radiocesium
study, seabedwere collectedfrom theStrait.
points shown Fig. 1, and we found that a small amount of radiocesium
migrated
fromsoils
the FDNPP
to the Notsuke
migrated from the FDNPP to the Notsuke Strait.
2. Methods
2. Methods
We collected seabed soils from the Notsuke Strait, Sōya Strait, and Sakata offing in 2015. The seabed soils were
We collected
soilsfrom theStrait, Sōyawas
Strait,and Sakata
in 2015.
The seabed soils
weregatheredwith seabeda bottomsamplerandNotsuke
their radioactivity
measuredwith aoffing
germanium
semiconductor
detector.
gatheredwith a bottom
was measured with a germanium semiconductor detector.
Theγ radioactivity
was sampler
measuredand
fortheir
1–3 radioactivity
days.
The γ radioactivity was measured for 1–3 days.
3. Results and Discussion
3. Results and Discussion
In the Notsuke Strait, the concentration of 134Cs was estimated as 0.14 ± 0.12 Bq/kg, with the mean being only 1.1
134
In the theNotsuke
Strait,the concentration
Csand
wasSakataestimated
as 0.14± 0.12 Bq/kg,
with theinmean
being
only 1.1
times
standard
deviation.
At the SōyaofStrait
offing,radiocesium
was detected
seabedsoils.
134 Strait 137
times thestandard
At theofSōyaradiocesium
was detected
in seabedsoils.
Cs and and
CsSakata
versusoffing,
distancefrom the Agano
River mouth.
In theJapan
Figure2 shows
thedeviation.
concentrations
134
137
Cs
and
Cs
versusdistance
from
the
Agano
River
mouth.
In
theJapan
Figure2showstheconcentrationsofSea, the Tsushima Warm Current runs from the Agano River mouth to the Sōya Strait. The Sōya Warm Current

Sea, fromthe Tsushima
Current
runs fromtheinAgano
River mouth
to concluded
the Sōya Strait.
Theradioactive
Sōya Warm
Current
runs
the SōyaWarm
Strait to
the Notsuke
Straitthe Okhotsk
Sea. We
that thematerials
runs frombythe
Straitaccident
to the Notsukein the Okhotsk
Sea.theWe
concluded
theviaradioactive
materials
released
theSōya
FDNPP
reached Strait
the Notsuke
Strait from
Agano
River thatmouth
the Tsushima
Warmreleasedandby theaccident
reached the Notsuke Strait from the Agano River mouth via the Tsushima Warm
Current
the FDNPP
Sōya Warm
Current.
Current and the Sōya Warm Current.

IV-4
IV-4

No. 5

Implementation of exercise programs to elderly persons living in temporary
housing in a radiation affected area
Nobuaki Moriyama1), Yukio Urabe1), Noriaki Maeda1), Tomoyoshi Oikawa2), Shuichi
Onoda2)
1) Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
2) Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Japan
Keywords: intervention, temporary housing, elderly persons

Introduction
The Great East Japan Earthquake occurred on March 11, 2011, in the northeastern district of Japan. The s showedthat many evacuees living in temporary houses were at a risk for decreased physical activity, which may adversely
affect their health. This presentation shows the problems identified by the s regarding the evacuees’ health andsome solutions for the same.
Summary of the previous investigation (from December 2014 to January 2015)
Sixty-four residents, aged ≥ 65 years, of temporary houses in Minamisoma City participated in the study. This
study aimed to investigate the amount of physical activity of the evacuees living in the temporary houses, and to
identify the factors related to the physical activity. The average daily steps (a representative of physical activity) of
the elderly male residents were 4,716, and those of the elderly women were 4,165, which were less than thenational average daily steps of age-matched individuals. The ability to perform activities of daily living (i.e.,cleaning, laundry, and bathing) was extracted as the factor related to the subjects’ physical activity.
Current study plan
The problem is that this decrease in the level of the physical activity of the elderly residents increases the risk forlifestyle diseases among them. The chief reasons for the decreased physical activity of the evacuees living in
temporary houses are thought to be the lack of a linkage with the community and narrow life space. One possible
solution for the problem is implementation of exercise programs for these residents so that they remain physically
active until they return to their own homes. The s designed an exercise program that can be easily performed dailyby the elderly persons. The current attempt is to clarify the effect of this program on the amount of the subjects’
physical activity.

IV-5

No. 6

Impact of mutations in ATM gene on individual radiosensitivity in AtaxiaTelangiectasia family members
Ekaterina Royba1, Silvia Natsuko Akutsu1, Hiromi Yanagihara1, Hiroshi Ochiai2,
Yoshiki Kudo3, Satoshi Tashiro4, Tatsuo Miyamoto1, Shinya Matsuura1
Dept. Genetics and Cell Biology, RIRBM, Hiroshima University;
Dept. Mathematical and Life Sciences, Grad. Sch. Sciences, Hiroshima University;3
Dept. Obstetrics and Gynecology, Grad. Sch. Bio. Med., Hiroshima University;4
Dept. Cellular Biology, RIRBM, Hiroshima University
1
2

Keywords: individual radiosensitivity, ATM gene, high-dose rate irradiation, low-dose rate irradiation, cytokinesisblocked micronucleus assay, γ-H2AX foci, PNA FISH
Although current radiological protection system is based on the standards uniformly established to the
public, so far numerous scientific publications have postulated that individual differences of radiosensitivity exist in
the human population. Therefore, future generation of radiological protection systems should be established bytaking into account the heterogeneity of radiosensitivity in the human population.
Germline mutations of the ATM gene, which encodes a key protein kinase in the cellular response toradiation, cause a radiation hypersensitive autosomal-recessive disorder Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T). Previously,
Kato et. al. reported that skin fibroblasts from heterozygous carriers of A-T were slightly defective inphosphorylated-H2AX (γ-H2AX) foci formation after low-dose-rate irradiation (Rad. Res. 2006), suggesting that
defects in ATM gene are involved in the individual difference of radiosensitivity. In order to clarify that the ATM
gene variation is a genetic factor underlying the individual differences in radiosensitivity, we have accessed andcompared cellular response to high and low-dose rate irradiation among the patient with ataxia-telangiectasia (ATM/-), heterozygous carriers of ataxia-telangiectasia (ATM+/-), and normal individuals (ATM+/+) using three different

biological methods (CBMN assay, γ-H2AX assay, and PNA FISH) combined with the automated microscopic
modules integrated in the software of Metafer system. All chromosomal analysis reveals that radiation-induced
chromosomal instability in ATM heterozygous fibroblasts is enhanced more than that in the cells of normal
individuals.
Our results of semi-automatic evaluation of radiosensitivity among Ataxia-Telangiectasia family members
supported the assumption that the ATM gene variations might be the genetic determinants for the individual
sensitivity to radiation.

IV-6

No. 7Detection of suppressive activity on innate immune DAMPs response in sepsis
HO Minh Van1, Weng Sheng KONG2, Nobuyuki HIROHASHI1, Masamoto KANNO2,
Nobuaki SHIME1(1Derpartment of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Center, Graduate School of
Biomedical and Health Sciences, 2Derpartment of Immunology, Graduate School of
Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University)
Keywords: Sepsis, immunosuppression, innate immune response, DAMPs molecules

Introduction: Sepsis is a serious medical condition characterized by systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS) caused by infection. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are dangerous signals released during
SIRS, which play roles in innate immune responses. This study aims to investigate the immunosuppression in septic
patient.
Materials and methods: We collected human serum samples from 5 healthy donors and 49 septic patients admitted
to the ICU of Hiroshima University Hospital at the time of admission. For DAMP activity assays, THP-1 derived
macrophages were treated with the serum or mixture of serum and DAMP molecules (ATP, Monosodium Urate(MSU), etc.), and cell-culture medium was collected for detection of IL-1β.
Results: We found a group of septic serum (n=42, 85.7%) resulted in significantly lesser IL-1β production thanthose of healthy donors. Moreover, the suppression of IL-1β secretion was observed in almost all of septic patientsin the presence of ATP, but not in MSU. The serum from twenty septic patients was further examined at three points:
the first day, the 3rd day, and the 7th day from admission. In the addition of ATP, the immunosuppressive activities
were evident from the first week and the IL-1β secretion was inhibited the strongest at the 3rd day. Interestingly, weobserved clear difference between survival and non-survival group on suppressive profile of IL-1β secretion in thepresence of ATP at the 7th day.
Conclusions: This study indicates that septic serum may contain immunosuppressive components associated with
ATP signal, but not with MSU, HMGB1. Further clinical study is required.
Collaborator: Koichi TANIGAWA (Department of Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima University)

IV-7

No. 8

Dosimetric comparison between 3DCRT and VMAT using high dose rate radiation
beams for lung stereotactic body radiation therapy
Yen Hwa Lin1, Shuichi Ozawa2, Daisuke Kawahara3, Akito Saito2, Tejii Nishio2, Yasushi
Nagata2
Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University; 2Departmentof Radiation Oncology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University;
3
Section of Radiation Therapy, Department of Clinical Support, Hiroshima University
Hospital.
1

Keywords: High dose rate, SBRT, 3D-CRT, VMAT
Lung tissues inhomogeneity is always a concern in radiation therapy as the dose distribution in air is different
compared with in soft tissues. With the high precision radiation treatment planning technique, the desired dose
distribution can be optimized and thus provide a better tissue sparing for healthy organs. The objective of this study
was to compare the dosimetric parameters between three dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) andvolumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) planning techniques for lung stereotactic body radiation therapy. Nonsmall cell lung carcinoma cases were planned by using Eclipse treatment planning system with an 80% marginal
prescription dose of 48 Gy per 4 fractions to 95% of the planning target volume. The 3D-CRT technique used four
coplanar and four non-coplanar beams. For VMAT technique, one or two partial arcs were used. Comparison ofmonitor units and dosimetric parameters (e.g., conformity index, D95%, V5Gy, V20Gy) were made between these tworadiation treatment planning techniques. The beam-on time for each technique was measured. VMAT is expected tohave higher conformity index compared with 3D-CRT. Total monitor units is expected to be higher in VMAT,
however the total treatment time is expected to be shorted compared with 3D-CRT. VMAT may be feasible for lungstereotactic radiation therapy as it is highly efficient in delivering radiation treatment and superior in sparing healthtissues compared with 3D-CRT. This quantitative study would be a useful data to establish the treatment planning
protocol for lung SBRT.

IV-8

No. 9A Discussion of Disposal Facility for Designated Waste including Radioactive
Material
Ooki Kurihara1) and Takashi Tsuchida2)
1) Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Japan
2) Institute of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Japan
Keywords: waste disposal, designated waste

The disposal of designated wastes such as garbage incineration ash and sewage sludge, including radioactive
materials released by TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident triggered by the Great East Japan
Earthquake in March 2011, has become a significant issue. Designated waste is defined as radioactive cesium
concentration per 1 kg exceeds 8,000 Bq according to the Act on Special Measures Concerning the Handling ofRadioactive Pollution enforced in January 2011. The amount of the designated waste at September 30, 2015, isestimated to be total 166,329 ton in Tokyo and 11 prefectures and 138,490 ton in Fukushima Prefecture which has
the largest amount among them.
Designated waste is determined to be disposed in each prefecture by responsibility of the government. In
five prefectures such as Miyagi, Tochigi, Chiba, Ibaraki, and Gunma, storage situation has been particularly tight,
and they need to create new final disposal facilities. The government has ensured the final disposal facilities, anddesignated wastes will be basically disposed in one place in the prefecture. In Miyagi Prefecture, three detailed
investigation candidate sites for presenting the final candidate of final disposal facility were presented by thegovernment on January 20, 2014. A detailed investigation in the three candidate sites has been tried from late August
2014. However, a field survey has not been carried out due to opposition by a candidate town. In Tochigi Prefecture,
the nationalized forest in Yaita City were selected as a candidate site on September 3, 2012, however, the selection
were withdrawn once due to the activity seeking the withdrawal of the selection, and the selection process wasrevised. On July 30, 2014, Shioya Town was newly selected as a candidate site, however, detailed investigation has
not been carried out due to strong opposition of the residences in the town. In Chiba Prefecture, a part of TEPCO
Chiba thermal power plant site in Chiba City has been presented as a detailed investigation candidate on April 24,
2015. However, Chiba City stated that we cannot accept the detailed investigation, and the investigation has notbeen conducted. In almost all prefectures, the construction of waste disposal sites is facing difficulty for getting theagreement of residences near construction site.
The government is promising to construct a final disposal facility for wastes stored in the interim storage
facility in 30 years out of Fukushima Prefecture. Considering the present situations of disposal facilities fordesignated wastes, it is predicted that the determination of the site for the final disposal facility will be extremely
difficult. In this paper, the process of selection of the construction sites of disposal facilities for designated wastes
in five prefectures is analyzed, and how to select the disposal sites and get the agreement of residences are discussed.

IV-9

No. 10

A correlation between the transfer factor of the radioactive cesium into the rice in thehusk and grain size distribution of paddy soil in Fukushima
Masaya Tsujimoto1), 2), Sunao Miyashita1), 2), Nguyen Thanh Hai1), 2),
and Satoru Nakashima1), 2), 3)
1) Graduate School of Science,2) Phoenix Leader Education Program,3) N-BARD, Hiroshima University
Keywords: radioactive cesium, paddy soil and rice, grain size distribution, transfer factor,
Fukushima
The Great East Japan Earthquake occurred on March 11th, 2011. Tsunami caused by the magnitude 9.0
earthquake inflicted the catastrophic damages on Tohoku section (the north area from Tokyo), and triggered the
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident. The tsunami whose height was even up to 15 m, caused
a loss of all sources of electricity including the power for emergency, and FDNPP lost any abilities of cooling thenuclear fuel rods. Hydrogen gas was produced by water reacting with cladding tube containing zirconium withincreasing temperature. Eventually, a series of hydrogen explosions resulted. A lot of radioactive materials weretransferred to environment by rain and wind. Among them, half-lives of cesium-134 and 137 are about 2 and 30
years, respectively, and comparatively long. Thus, the measurement of cesium for radioactivity is especially very
important.
After the accident, some contaminated rice has been detected in a paddy lying downstream of forests inFukushima City. Japanese Society of Radiation Safety Management investigates to reveal the causality1). Our
research group has also picked the samples of soil and rice plants in the paddies, which are located in this downstream
water area and approximately 60 km northwest of FDNPP, and measured cesium-134 and 137 for radioactivity2).
This study aims to make it clear how the grain size of this paddy soil is related to the radioactivity of cesium-134
and 137 and their transfer factor into the rice in the husk.
The sampled soils were air-dried at the room temperature for a day, and bone-dried by oven at 105 °C for
a day. After drying, the soils were classified by grain sizes using the standard sieves (JIS Z 8801, NONAKA RIKAKI
Co., LTD.). It was to be that the samples whose grain sizes were 2 mm or more, 2 mm - 75 μm, and less than 75 μm
were gravel, sand, and silt and clay, respectively. Each mass of them was measured and grain size accumulation
curves were described. The samples were checked for radioactivity of cesium-134 and 137 by Ge semiconductor
detector. After all, the transfer factor of the radioactive cesium into the rice in the husk from the paddy soil was
calculated. The present poster presents a consideration for a correlation between the transfer factor and grain size
distribution of paddy soil in Fukushima.
1) Matsuda, N. and Nakashima, S., 2014. Radioactive cesium in water and soil, and its absorption to rice plant.
Japanese Journal of Radiation Safety Management, 13, 84 - 91.
2) Nguyen, T., H. and Nakashima, S., 2015. The 4th Int. Symp. Phoenix Leader Education Program.

IV-10

No. 11

The emerging contaminated rice by 134Cs and 137Cs in Fukushima Prefecture after
the nuclear accident
Nguyen Thanh Hai1, 2) and Satoru Nakashima1, 2, 3) Sunao Miyashita2)
1) Radioactivity Environmental Protection Course, Phoenix Leader Education Program,
Hiroshima University2) Department of Chemistry, Graduated School of Science, Hiroshima University3) Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University
Keywords: contaminated rice, Ge detector, ICP-AES, Fukushima

East Japan great earthquake disaster occurred on March 11th, 2011, and radioactive material was released
onto the field from TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. The plant was also contaminated withradioactive cesium. Foliar absorption was important in the early stage after FDNPP accident. But in these days theabsorption of radioactive cesium from root is important. The contamination to rice is a focus point of interest
especially in Japan, East and Southeast Asian countries. The accumulation of 134Cs and 137Cs on rice depends on theconcentration of potassium on paddy field1). However, there are some points which deviate from the correlation. It
is very important to know the detailed mechanism emerging contaminated rice.
Contaminated rice was observed in the rice from the paddy field in Oguraji, Fukushima City, which isnorthwest, approximately 60 km far from FDNPP. The situation was investigated by Subcommittee concerning bychemical treatment, Japanese Society of Radiation Safety Management in 2013.2) There were four paddy fields(which is named as A, B, C and D). The fields are close to mountains. The supplied water is taken from water of themountain and Abukuma River.
Soil, water, rice plant were obtained on April 26th, August 11th, and September 25th, 2014, August 22nd, andOctober 30th, 2015. Potassium and other ions in water were analyzed by ICP-AES. After drying at room temperature
the rice plant was divided into root, body and rice in the husk. The rice plant and soil were encased separately in a
U-8 vessel and the radioactivity of 134Cs and 137Cs, 40K was measured by Ge semiconductor detector.
Although the radioactivity of 137Cs in top soil of Field B is not so high compared with those in Field A, C, andD, the radioactivity of rice in the husk from B (5.58±0.78 Bq/kg) was higher than those from A, C, and D. One of
the reasons is the low concentration of 40K in soil of Field B. Compared with the radioactivity in 2013 2), it may besaid that the radioactivity of rice ear in 2014 decreases drastically. The measurements are ongoing.
References
1) Saito, T. et al., 2012. Proc Int Symp Environ Monit Dose Estim Resid Accid TEPCO’s Fukushima Daiichi
Nuclear Power Station.
2) Matsuda, N. and Nakashima, S., 2014. Radioactive cesium in water and soil, and its absorption to rice plant.
Japanese Journal of Radiation Safety Management, 13, 84 - 91.

IV-11

No. 12

Transfer coefficient of young pine plants growing at contaminated area
Nguyen Tat Thanh, Kajimoto Tsuyoshi, Tanaka Kenichi, Endo Satoru
Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University

Keywords: Young plants, Iitate village pines

The large amount of radioactive materials has been released into environment due to Fukushima Daiichi
Nuclear power plant accident in March, 2011. Transfer mechanisms of radioactive cesium from soil to plants orcesium dynamics in the environment has been investigated by some researchers. The standard technique of
estimation of transfer process characterized by the transfer coefficient which is defined by the radioactivity
concentration ratio of in-plant to in-soil could not apply to that in forest areas. This is because the radioactivity
concentration of cesium has a depth profile at the undisturbed ground in forest. Therefore, we introduce a new
formulation of transfer coefficient to discuss a radioactivity transfer processes at the undisturbed ground. The new
formulation is defined by products of an average transfer coefficient from soil to root and a translocation factor
from root to stem. In this research, the new formulation is applied for young pines and soil cores which were
sampled at three locations of Iitate village. The results by the new formulation are shown and discussed in thispresentation.
The young pines which grow after Fukushima Nuclear power plant accident have been collected at Yamtsumi
shrine, Iitate farm and Nagadoro rice field in Iitate village. 30 cm soil cores at the closed location are alsocollected. The 30 cm soil cores were divided into 7 layers (2.5 cm step for surface to 5 cm depth, and remaining
soil of 5 to 30 cm depth was cut with 5 cm step). These layer soils were dried with a dry oven for about 20 hours.
After dry, each layer sample was sieved with 2 mm mesh, and 20-40 g soil was filled into U-9 containers. The
young pine samples were washed by RI soap, and used for measurement of radioactivity distribution by animaging plate. After measuring radioactivity distribution, the pine samples were divided into root in each soil layerand stem. The stem samples were minced to small pieces and filled in U-9 containers. The root sample in each soil
layer was minced to small pieces and filled in polyethylene tubes. Gamma-ray spectra of the samples were
measured with a low-background Ge detector (ORTEC, GMX-30200-P and GWL-120230-S).
From measured results of the Ge detector, the inventory of Cs-137 at Yamatsumi shrine, Iitate farm andNagadoro rice field are 958, 497 and 2041 kBq/m2, respectively. The depth profiles of soil cores show that highconcentrations of Cs-137 are located at the region from the surface to 5 cm of soil core. The depth profiles areascertained by imaging plate measurements. The radioactivity concentration in young pine tree sample of Iitate
farm is 37.96 Bq/kg at, and those one of Yamatsumi Shrine and Nagadoro rice field are within range of 120-764
Bq/kg and 1450-5291 Bq/kg, respectively. The radioactivity concentration in root has an increasing tendency fromsurface to deeper layers. Using the new formulation, the average transfer coefficient from soil to root and thetranslocation factor are estimated to be ranged from 0.01 to 0.22 and 0.63 to 1.63, respectively. Based on theseresults, the transfer coefficient from soil to plant is ranged within 0.01 - 0.22. The transfer coefficient results by the
new formulation have good agreement with the calculation formula by Albrecht et al. which is assumed by theroot uptake as a function of root density in soil. It is concluded that the new formulation of transfer coefficient canbe applied for the undisturbed soil.

IV-12

No. 13

Spatial analysis of radiocesium concentrations in a bryophyte (Hyophila
propagulifera, Musci) within 50km from Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant.
Nabihah Othman
Toshinori Okuda1, Toshihiro Yamada1, Hironori Deguchi2, Emiko Oguri2, Endo Satoru3,
Kiyoshi Shizuma3.
Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University
Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University
3
Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University
1
2

Keywords: Biomonitor, Hyophila propagulifera, Radiocesium, Environment factors, Fukushima accident

We investigated the radiocesium concentration in Hyophila propagulifera, a moss species, in relation totheir habitat and environmental factors; distance from FDNP (Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant), altitude andair dose rate and slope angle of the substrate to which the moss colony inhabited. The moss samples were collectedfrom 45 sites in the northeast region of Fukushima Prefecture on November 2014 and the radiocesium concentration
was measured using GEM series high-purity (HP) Ge coaxial detector system (ADC AM-100, EC & GORTEC
Company, USA).
We found significant relationship between radiocesium concentration in the moss and air dose rate
(Pearson’s rank analysis, r=0.87, P<0.001) where the samples were collected. The radiocesium concentration andaltitude was significantly correlated within a range of 25-40 km away from FDNP (r=0.69, P<0.01)and (r=0.43,
P>0.01) compared to the distance within a range of 10-25km (r=0.43, P>0.01). There was no correlation between
radiocesium concentration in the moss and the slope angle of the substrate that moss colony inhabits.

IV-13

No. 14

Demographic changes in affected areas before and after the Fukushima Nuclear
Accident
Do Xuan Bien
Graduate School of Letters, Hiroshima University

Keywords: Demographical changes, nuclear accident evacuees, Fukushima nuclear accident

The accident which occurred in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant led to a large scale evacuation.
Roughly 150,000 people left their homes and moved to evacuation centers, temporary housing, or the homes ofrelative’s or friend’s. As of October 2015, a total of 105,000 people in Fukushima prefecture have not yet returnedto their homes. Although a number of research have been done association with evacuation, the dynamic of thenuclear accident related migration seems not be well understood.
This poster will present the demographical changes of the nuclear accident affected areas by using
Geographic Information System (GIS). The analyses will focus on the changes in the total population, in gender andage compositions, and in occupational structure before and after the incident. In addition, the geographicalcharacteristics of evacuees will be analyzed to have a better understanding about their choices of location for the
migration. Together with location, the dynamics of migration flows of evacuees who remain staying away from their
original places, and who have returned to their home will also be observed. The underlying disaster migration
theories will be employed to discuss the facts, which have been observed in the study areas. This will help to findout the knowledge gap for further investigation.

IV-14

No. 15

Factors Determining Public Acceptance of Nuclear Power Plants in Urgent Proactive
Action Planning Zones
Fumie Yamaguchi, Kiriko Sakata, Hitomi Sugiura
Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University
Keywords: Urgent Proactive Action Planning Zone (UPZ), nuclear power plant, trust,group identification
Background: Urgent Protective Action Planning Zones (UPZs) that are within a 30-kilometer radius of nuclear
power plants (NPPs) are required to develop disaster prevention plans and stepwise implementation of evacuationplans in case of nuclear disasters. In UPZs without NPPs, it is likely that residents have a different recognition of
NPPs, because of their ‘high risk and low benefit’ situation.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics and determinants of attitudes regarding NPPs
in UPZs. We particularly focused on trust as a determinant of attitudes regarding NPPs.
Methodology: Participants (N = 600) were selected from three areas: areas where NPPs are located (NPP areas),
UPZs without NPPs (UPZ areas), and areas where NPPs are not located (no-NPP areas). Participants completed
online questionnaires inquiring about their demographic variables, group identification with cities/towns andprefectures, social fairness and trust towards the national and local governments, attitudes towards NPPs andradiation and basic knowledge about radiation, as well as the General Trust Scale.
Results and conclusions: Contrary to our prediction, the results of an analysis of variance indicated no significant
differences between the three areas on attitudes towards NPPs. On the other hand, results of structural equation
modeling (SEM) indicated people that trusted the national and local governments had more positive attitudes
towards NPPs in all the areas. However, those that trusted the local government accepted less NPPs only in no-NPP
areas. This could be because residents in nuclear-related areas could trust (or wanted to trust) NPPs, because theseareas have already accepted NPPs. In addition, those with high group identification with cities/towns had morenegative attitudes about NPPs only in NPP and UPZ areas, whereas those with high group identification withprefectures had more positive attitudes about NPPs only in NPP areas. These results suggest there are differences indeterminants of public acceptance related to NPPs between different areas investigated in this study.

IV-15

No. 16

Insufficiency of BubR1 gene increases structure-chromosomal instability post
ionizing radiation
Silvia Natsuko Akutsu, Ekaterina Royba, Kosuke Hosoba, Tatsuo Miyamoto,
Shinya Matsuura
Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology andMedicine, Hiroshima University
Keywords: PCS syndrome, chromosome instability, radiation, BubR1

The germline mutations of BUB1B gene encoding BubR1 protein, a central player of mitotic spindle
assembly checkpoint, cause Premature Chromatid Separation (PCS) [Mosaic Variegated Aneuploidy (MVA)]
Syndrome. These patients show predisposition to develop childhood cancer (Wilms tumor or rhabdomyosarcoma),due to numerical chromosomal instability (N-CIN). However, it`s unknown whether PCS (MVA) syndrome isrelated with structure chromosomal instability (S-CIN) post ionizing radiation (IR).
In this study, we tried to evaluate the S-CIN post IR in PCS (MVA) syndrome using cytogenetic study andcytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. We irradiated the fibroblasts from two patients (CB1SK and
CB4SK) and two normal individuals (GM03941 and GM22277) with different high dose rates (0Gy, 1Gy and 2Gy)of gamma-radiation using Cs-137 (40 Gammacell Extractor, 1Gy/min) and evaluate the structure chromosome
instability (S-CIN) post IR. We counted dicentric, ring and acentric chromosome fragments in 100 metaphases of
the irradiated cells using PNA-FISH assay. The results comparing control and patient cells showed statisticaldifference between average percentage of total abnormalities in 0Gy(p=0.02), 1Gy(p=0.006) and 2Gy(p=0.04). The
PCS (MVA) syndrome showed total number of chromosomal abnormalities higher than control cells in a dosedependent manner.
To consolidate the CIN, we performed cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) assay using 0Gy, 1Gy,
2Gy and 4Gy. We found PCS patients (1.3%, 6.3%, 16.4% and 38.2%) had higher percentage of micronuclei incomparison with normal individual (0.6%, 3.2%, 6.9% and 22.4%) in dose depended manner. These results suggest
PCS (MVA) syndrome is a unique type of radio-sensitivity disease characterized with S-CIN post IR.

IV-16

No. 17

Awareness of the public to evacuate with pets under emergency disaster circumstances
Chika Matsumoto, Kiriko Sakata, Hitomi Sugiura
Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University

Keywords: pets, pet owners, evacuation with pets, internet-based survey

The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster occurred in combination with the Great East Japan Earthquake of
2011. Not only humans, but also many animals suffered from this disaster. Even now, five years later, many pet
owners are worried about pets that were left behind or went missing in the exclusion zones in Fukushima Prefecture.
The Ministry of the Environment has identified that evacuation with pets during disasters is important not only fromthe perspective of animal protection, but also from the perspective of victims’ health. In addition, there is evidenceof positive psychological effects that can be obtained by living with pets (e.g., stabilizing one's mental state, reducing
alienation and loneliness, increasing motivation and physical activity, and promoting well-being). On the other hand,
it is posited that pet owners worry about being judged by others for prioritizing their pets under evacuation
circumstances, especially by those without pets. This anxiety, made from an attempt to avoid criticism, plausibly
hinders pet owners from evacuating with their pets.
In this study, an Internet-based survey was conducted to investigate psychological factors that might
facilitate or inhibit evacuation with pets among the public at-large. Data was collected from people with and without
pets. The effects of differences in awareness about pets on evacuation with pets are discussed. Further research will
incorporate the results of this study to inform the content of planned interviews and item criteria of future surveys
in disaster-affected areas with respect to the domains of pet ownership, evacuation behavior, and their effects on
mental health.

IV-17

No. 18

Psychological factors of radiation-related anxiety: cognitive and dreadconsequences
Russell Sarwar Kabir
Graduate School of Education, Department of Psychology, Hiroshima University
Keywords: anxiety; dread risk; intolerance of uncertainty; disaster-related cognitive
scienceRadioactive waste and nuclear reactor accidents are two of the highest contributors of dread risk in the
public perception of hazards and catastrophes (Slovic, 1987). This is due to the unbounded outcomes that radiation
poses as a contaminant and chronic source of threat. Concerns over radiation exposure have been associated withincreased psychological distress due to perceived relative risk appraisals of the effects of radiation on health. This
presentation proposes possible cognitive aspects of radiation-related anxiety (RRA) in an effort to clarify it as aconstruct and develop a valid psychometric instrument that addresses it for future research on interventions.
The dread equation consists of the following components: uncontrollability, unfamiliarity, imaginability,
suffering, unfairness, and scale of destruction. Together, these factors comprise the "dread consequences" ofradiation that arouse distortions, stigmatize nuclear technology, and perpetuate negative emotions. Thus, these risk
characteristics are suggested as item criteria for a cross-sectional survey. Another proposed aspect is intolerance of
uncertainty (IU), a cognitive vulnerability risk factor for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) that is marked byexcessive worry. Intolerant reactions to uncertainty bias information processing and lead to faulty appraisals ofheightened threat and reduced coping (McEvoy & Mahoney, 2012). IU specifically mediates prospective anxiety,or the anxiety that occurs in anticipation of future uncertainty, and hence might be tied to relative risk appraisals ofradiation

exposure.
Finally, cognitive avoidance is an important facet in the mechanism of chronic worry and rumination. The

nature of radiation as a dread-inducing threat perhaps makes it a unique disaster stressor whose promoted
maladaptive beliefs target it as something to be avoided in cognitive processing. This avoidance might leave thethreat unresolved, thereby instigating the chronic worry at the heart of radiation-related psychological distress. These
dread and cognitive factors will be emphasized in construct creation, validation, and investigation.

IV-18

No. 19

A study on the postwar history of foreign atomic-bomb victims: atomic-bombed
special students from Southeast Asia (Nanpo Tokubetsu Ryugakusei) and Japanesesociety
Yuji Hirano
Graduate School of Letters, Hiroshima University
Keywords: foreign atomic-bomb victims, Special Students from Southeast Asia, JapaneseSociety, memory
Special Students from Southeast Asia (Nanpo Tokubetsu Ryugakusei) were victimized by the atomic bombing ofHiroshima. Although few, less than ten, had suffered injury or death from the attack, this fact has been kept aliveand passed on in Japanese society since its “discovery.” I would like to consider how knowledge of the bombed
foreign students has been recorded in postwar Japanese history and memorized in postwar Japanese society, with a
specific focus on the period from the mid-1950s to the 1970s. How has Japanese society responded to this fact after
its “discovery” in the mid-1950s? I reveal my findings based on a variety of documents from Hiroshima University,
the Asian Students Cultural Association, and the citizens of Hiroshima.
Revealing the Real Situation of Atomic-Bombed Foreign Students and Their Memorialization in the“Hiroshima University Record of Atomic Bomb Disaster” (1957-1975)
In July of 1957, 12 years after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, elder brother of the late Mr. Syed Omar, a foreign
student from Malaya who died from atomic bombing, sent a letter to the president of Hiroshima University to askthat his brother’s death certificate be issued. In response to this request, the University launched an effort toinvestigate the real situation of foreign student victims of the atomic bomb. This investigation became an official
record of Hiroshima University and the victims’ names were memorialized in the “Hiroshima University Record of
Atomic Bomb Disaster” issued in 1975.
Relatives Travel Overseas to Pay Their Respects (1964)
Relatives of foreign student victims of the atomic bomb came to Japan to pay their respects at the graves of their
loved ones by invitation of the Asian Students Cultural Association. I reveal the process of realizing this visit, andits significance, based on documents from the Asian Students Cultural Association and from the citizens ofHiroshima.
Construction of the Cenotaph, “Remains of the KOUNAN Dormitory” (1976)
Mr. Toshio Hanaoka, a friend of many of the Special Students from Southeast Asia who lived and studied at
Hiroshima University during the war period, planned to build a monument of “Remains of the KOUNAN Dormitory,”
their place of residence. Although he faced various obstacles such as the regulation of River Act, the need to gain
support from neighboring residents, and a lack of financial resources to cover construction costs, the monument wasat last completed in 1976. I reveal the process of building the cenotaph, and its significance, based on documents
left behind by Mr. Hanaoka.

IV-19

No. 20

The development of new thermoluminescence dosimeter film and evaluation methodin the build-up region
Tatsuhiko Suzuki
Department of Radiation Oncology Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences,
Hiroshima University (Phoenix Leader Education Program, Medicine Course)
Keywords: Medical Physics, Radiation therapy, Skin dose, TL dosimeter, Monte Carlocalculation

Radiation to the most important roles of medical physics has dosimetry for predicting the effect on thehuman body. In radiation therapy, dose administered to the patient's tumor and then evaluated in the treatment
planning and dosimetry to be suitably formulated. Dose assessment of normal organs around in addition to tumor
dose is also important as an indicator of the occurrence frequency prediction of radiation adverse events. Skin dose
is of particular concern when high accuracy technologies such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is
used to treat head-and-neck cancer. Actually by the adverse effects of dermatitis can be the limiting factor, and it isa cause of interruptions in treatment. For high-energy photon therapy, there is built-up area where the dose gradientis steep in the body, both in dose calculations and dose measurement accuracy is a problem.
In this study, it is an object of the present invention to establish a skin dose evaluation method in the buildup region using the new film type of thermoluminescence (TL) dosimeter and a Monte Carlo calculation code PHTIS.
TL dosimeter has been used previously to dose assessment, but new developing film type dosimeters has flexibility
in the tissue equivalent and utilizing a linear response as a new feature. TL films dosimeter are useful for dose
evaluation of the body surface as a thin two-dimensional detector, it is contemplated that the measurement at thepatient geometry is also possible by tissue equivalent and flexibility. Monte Carlo simulations, the calculation timeis increased greatly as compared with the planning device which is used in the actual treatment can be obtained asufficient calculation accuracy. I present evaluation of the basic characteristics with respect to radiation of TLD film
towards research, and introduce the computing environment and dose calculation accuracy verification of the Monte
Carlo calculation code PHTIS.

IV-20

No. 21

Analysing Water-Sediment Cesium-137 Exchange and Its Possible Influencing
Factors: Case of Fukushima Lake
Triyono Basuki 1,2, Satoru Nakashima 1,2,3
1) Radioactivity Environment Protection Course, Phoenix Leader Education Program2) Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University3) Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University
Keywords: Cs-137 behaviour, Exchange, Distribution Coefficient
Existence of artificial radionuclide in environment and its behaviour have been widely considered as an important
issue since several decades ago. Aquatic environment such as fresh water system (river, lake, etc.) is one of the main
focus due to their importance in water supply as well as source of biodiversity. This issue also has raised in
Fukushima, Japan, after Great Eastern Japan earthquake on March 11 th, 2011 which was followed by Nuclear Power
Plant Accident. Lake nearby the nuclear plan in Fukushima is one of the environment that was impacted byradioactivity material.
Basic prediction to know the behaviour of radionuclide in aquatic ecosystem is based on distribution coefficient(Kd) which is partitioning of radionuclide between solid and liquid phase. Furthermore, exchangeable distribution
coefficient (Kdex) was introduced as a ratio of the concentration of the radionuclide in exchangeable form in thesolid phase to its concentration in solution at equilibrium. Several research proposed explanation about the factorsthat may influence, but it still remains some questions regarding the influence of physio-chemical factors.
Particularly for case of Fukushima lake, it has not been enough studied.
In other side, more detail study regarding this topic has been widely carried out to be applied in radioactive waste
water treatment by conducting several experiment using many types of adsorbents (inorganic, polymer and bioadsorbent). Factors influencing Cs-137 adsorption-desorption from solution including pH, Temperature, Competing
ion, Contact time, Initial Concentration of Cs-137 in adsorbent, Effect of adsorbent particle size and surface area.
This research will be conducted to examine water-sediment exchange of Cs-137 and its affected factors for case of
Fukushima lakes. In detail, it will be done by analysing the exchange of Cs-137 between sediment and water phasein laboratory scale to calculate distribution coefficient (Kd) and exchangeable distribution coefficient (Kd ex) and byanalysing some factors that may influence Cs-137 water-sediment migration such as temperature, pH and competingions.
References:
1.

Journal Environment Radioactivity, 58 (2002) 1–11

2.

Journal Environment Radioactivity, 102 (2011)

3.

Journal Nuclear Science Tech., 32(10), 1995;

4.

RSC Adv., 2015. 5.

IV-21

No. 22

Effects of contamination by radiation on families and human relationships
Mari Ishimori, Kiriko Sakata, Hitomi Sugiura
Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University
Keywords: radiation contamination, family relationships, evacuee mothers, fathers ofevacuees

What are the interpersonal conflicts caused by radiation disaster? I consider them from following threepoints. This study was designed to investigate the mental health of mothers that evacuated with their children fromthe radiation disaster affected areas in Fukushima prefecture. Changes in relationships between mothers that
evacuated and their husbands, grandparents-in-law, and friends left behind were identified. We focused on specificchanges in relationships, and if major causes of stress in such mothers were health related anxieties caused byradioactivity, or changes in human relationships. This study also investigated the mental health of fathers remaining
in Fukushima after their wives and children had evacuated. These fathers could be facing the dilemma of choosing
between their wives, or their parents. Some fathers that are eldest sons could be affected by the patriarchal traditionof protecting the family grave and house. In addition the mental health of grandfathers and grandmothers remaining
in Fukushima were also investigated. Feelings of parents-in-law regarding daughters-in-law that evacuated with
their grandchildren and how their relationships with daughters-in-law have changed were observed.

IV-22

No. 23

Patient Dose Measurement in Radiation Therapy Procedures Using Photo-Stimulated
Luminescence Dosimeter (PSLD) Film
Chryzel Angelica B. Gonzales
Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
Keywords: patient dose, psld, dosimetry, radiation protection, radiation therapy

Optically stimulated luminesce (OSL) dosimeters are increasingly used for many areas of radiation dosimetry
including personnel, workplace, environmental, and patient dose monitoring. However, only few studies have been
done on the use of OSL for patient dose monitoring. Many patients are also not being counseled on the radiation
risks that may lead to lens and skin injuries. In this light, experts and regulatory authorities agree that reducing
patient dose in a radiation therapy procedure is a priority, but guidance on practical strategies is limited. This study
aims to measure patient exposure doses by the use of photo-stimulated luminescence dosimeter (PSLD) film which
is developed and owned by Professor Akio Urushiyama from Rikkyo University. The PSLD film is employed withsilver containing lithium heptaborate (Li3B7O12:Ag). It has an effective atomic number of 7.6 and dose operating
range from 1 cGy up to 10 Gy. Since the European Union (EU) has issued a protocol for patient dosimetry using
thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) which requires only one dosimeter per patient, this study will use four PSLD
films to measure patient exposure doses during radiation therapy procedures. The use of four PSLD films is to allow
the possibility that the maximum dose may be delivered elsewhere in the vicinity of the target radiation field. The
exposure dose values of four PSLD films for each patient will not be uniformed across the radiation field. Thus,
averaging the four exposure dose values may not be appropriate since there are several factors that may affect patient
exposure doses. Considering those factors are important in assessing the results of this study.

IV-23

Faculty Club Floor Plan

Stairs/Elevator
to/from 2nd Floor

Rest
rooms

1st Floor

Entrance
入口

Restaurant ‘La Boheme’
2/13, 18:30-20:00
Reception Party
Stairs/Elevator
to/from 1st Floor

Meeting
Room 1

Meeting
Room 2Restrooms

2nd Floor Lobby
2/13, 16:00-18:15
Poster Presentation
Registration/
Information

2nd Floor

Reception Hall

Cloak
クローク

2/13, 13:00-15:30 Student Oral Presentation
2/14, 10:00-15:00 Lectures
15:10-16:40 Panel Discussion

V-1

Organizing Committee

Director, Organization of the Leading Graduate Education Program
Mitsuo Ochi (President, Hiroshima University)
Program Director, Phoenix Leader Education Program (Hiroshima Initiative) for
Renaissance from Radiation Disaster
Kenji Kamiya (Vice President, Hiroshima University)
Phoenix Leader Education Program
International Exchange Committee / Symposium Working Group
Toshinori Okuda, Chairman of Committee(Professor, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University)

Satoshi Tashiro(Professor, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine,
Hiroshima University)

Akiko Ogata(Associate Professor, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University)

Teiji Nishio(Professor (Special Appointment), Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences,
Hiroshima University)

Hironori Deguchi(Professor (Special Appointment), Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University)

Dion Clingwall(Associate Professor (Special Appointment), Institute of Biomedical and Health
Sciences, Hiroshima University)

Shuji Takahashi(Associate Professor (Special Appointment), Graduate School of Science,
Hiroshima University)

VI-1

Symposium Working Group Student Members
Silvia Natsuko Akutsu(Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University)

Chuon Channarena(Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University)

Nguyen Quang Tam(Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University)

Chika Matsumoto(Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University)

Russell Sarwar Kabir(Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University)

Yuji Hirano(Graduate School of Letters, Hiroshima University)

VI-2

Memo

Memo

CONTACT

Hiroshima University Phoenix Leader Program Office1�1�1�Kagamiyama,�Higashi�Hiroshima�739�8524�
TEL:�082�424�4689
E�mail:�phoenix�program@office.hiroshima�u.ac.jp
http://www.hiroshima�u.ac.jp/en/lp/po/ra