Vol.62 No.3

2022（No.445）［Abstracts］

Chinese environmental NGOs' challenges to the environmental pollution in China: Participation and the problems to the environmental governance
CHIASHI Akihiro＊Multi-tiered environmental pollution which consists of local, national and global structure
has been occurred with the rapid economic development across china. Some Chinese NGOs
have challenged to participate in the environmental governance to improve the proper
implementation of the environmental laws and policies to the pollution ﬁrms.
This article focuses on Three Chinese NGOs which is challenging the participation to theenvironmental governance in China. Some NGO is building the pollution-related information
platform and trying to put pressure to multi-stake holders who relate to the pollution ﬁrms inChina. Other NGO is trying to work together with the central or local governmentorganizations to improve the local pollution ﬁrmʼs behavior by supervise them. Another NGO
is trying to have relations directly with a local pollution ﬁrm to improve the ﬁrmʼs behavior tothe pollution.
These NGOsʼ actions are taking on an important role to improve the environmental
governance in China. The further research will be needed to follow these NGOsʼ actions withthe perspective of the changing environmental policy, laws and political reaction in China.
＊AAIJ member

Associate Professor, Ferris University（Received October 21, 2021 / Accepted February 23, 2022）― 76 ―

Thinking of World Order after COVID-19（Ⅲ）

MATSUSHITA Kiyoshi＊This article is a ﬁnal part of a series of works written by the title,” Thinking of World
Order after COVID-19”. This article focuses on various possibilities of the restructuring ofpost-neoliberalism based on the multi-layered democratic governance at global, regional ,andlocal level.
Specially I expressly point out the relation of the roles of World Social Forum and global
social movements. The ﬁrst World Social Forum in 2001 ushered in the new century with abold aﬃrmation: “Another world is possible.” But the future of the WSF remains uncertain andfaces at a Crossroads.
So, still, realizing the next phase will take new leaders, wide participation, andrecognition of the need for new structures. For instance, we can give examples the case for
global government as a means of promoting and protecting core individual rights.
On the other hand, many discussions and proposals are stimulated in order to articulate
across nations and regions such intervention and coordinate a ﬁght against the ravages of apredatory global capitalism. Then we can pay attention to build a world political party as a farsighted response to the contemporary crisis.
Furthermore, the present day we can see the move towards a Fifth International. This areturn to a more formal organizing structure with clear political goals and a uniﬁed strategy issurely the path to take.
＊AAIJ member

Professor Emeritus, Ritsumeikan University― 77 ―

Reparation for Failed Assistance in 20 Years of Counter-Terrorist Afghanistan Reconstruction?
; Oﬀer Financial Resources for 20 Years of Universal Basic Income in Afghanistan and Achieve
SDGs with Taliban!
OKANOUCHI Tadashi＊
United States government and other allied countries should oﬀer ﬁnancial resources for
20 years of universal basic income in Afghanistan and try to achieve SDGs with Taliban, as
reparation for failed assistance in 20 years of counter-terrorist Afghanistan reconstruction.
U.S. government had been spending 4.5~9.0$US (per day, per person in Afghanistan) for
20 years since her invasion of Afghanistan, according to SIGAR and Cost of War Project(Watson Institute, Brown University). Therefore, U. S. government will be able to aﬀord 2$US(per day, per person in Afghanistan) for 20 years of universal basic income in Afghanistan,which will enable Afghan people to achieve the top priority goal of SDGs, i.e. elimination ofhunger and extreme poverty.
Instead of imposing economic sanctions on Taliban government, U. S. government shouldtalk and work together with Taliban for the Afghan people in order to achieve SDGs, withimplementation of Universal Basic Income in Afghanistan for 20 years financed by U. S.
government. Japan and other allies should persuade U. S. government to do so, and they
themselves should do it.
＊AAIJ member

Professor, Faculty of Social Sciences, HOSEI University― 78 ―