Hiroshima University

The 3rd International Symposium

Phoenix Leader Education Program(Hiroshima Initiative) for
Renaissance from
Radiation Disaster“自然と人間と放射線”

Nature, Human being, and Radiation

February 15-16, 2014
International Conference Center Hiroshima
文部科学省「博士課程教育リーディングプログラム」
平成２３年度採択事業

Burnt tile
It was collected from Hiroshima University of
Literature and Science (predecessor of the present
Hiroshima University) which was burned down by
the atomic bombing.
The bloodstain is telling the tragedy of the atomic
bombing.

①

Screw driver which was exposed to radiation
It was collected from Hiroshima University of
Literature and Science (predecessor of the present
Hiroshima University) which was burned down by
the atomic bombing. It was taken over to Professor
Tamotsu Toshima of Hiroshima University Graduate
School of Education Psychology Laboratory.
Donated by Professor of Special Appointment
Tamotsu Toshima (owned by Hiroshima University
Museum)

②
③
A

B
④

A roof tile (A) and a brick (B) which were exposed to radiation
Collected and preserved from the epicenter of atomic bomb explosion soon after the bombing. It shows the surface
dissolved and bubbled by heat rays of high temperature. Donated by Professor of Special Appointment Kiyoshi
Shizuma(owned by Hiroshima University Museum)A
B

Core sample of granite from a pillar of Motoyasu bridge in Hiroshima city.Sampled to monitor the radiation from theatomic bombing
Donated by Professor of Special Appointment Kiyoshi Shizuma(owned by Hiroshima University Museum)

3
2

2

NHK

23
24
8

10

10

2

11

19
1

1

Phoenix Leader Education Program
The 3rd International Symposium"Nature, Human being, and Radiation"

Toshimasa Asahara
President of Hiroshima University
It is my great pleasure to announce the opening of the second day of the 3rd International
Symposium of Phoenix Leader Education Program (Hiroshima Initiative) for Renaissance from
Radiation Disaster, titled "Nature, Human being, and Radiation" with distinguished speakers
invited from Japan and abroad .
The word ‘radiation’ may remind one of a radiation disaster related to the memory of the nuclear
power plant accident in Fukushima in 2011. On the other hand, radiation exists in the naturalenvironment and the universe, and it is common and useful in our daily life because of its
practical application such as in diagnosis and treatment in the medical field. Today we haveinvited Mr. Noriyuki Mizuno from NHK as a speaker of a special lecture, which may help thegeneral audience to become more aware of radiation. Researchers who are specialized in fields of
medicine and STS are invited to discuss how science and technology should concern the society.
Phoenix Leader Education Program was adopted as part of FY2011 Program for Leading
Graduate Schools of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, andstarted in October 2012 with eight students. Last October, 11 students joined and total 19 ofvarious nationalities and background are working hard every day. They are expected to obtainspecialist knowledge and skills required to become global leaders who can supervise appropriate
action and recovery process in the event of radiation disaster. In order to report the outcome of
their learning activities, the program students made presentations yesterday as part of thesymposium. Many other students who belong to the laboratories of the program members alsojoined in the presentation of the posters. .
I hope this symposium will offer a useful opportunity for you to learn the latest findings in thefield as well as enhance your interest and the understanding of the Phoenix Leader Education
Program.

2

Contents

General Information ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 3
Introduction of Phoenix Leader Education Program

・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 5

Program ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 11
Abstracts of Special Lecture and Lectures ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ I - 1
Abstracts of Poster Session ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ II - 1
Abstract of Graduate Student Presentation ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・

III -1

Map of Hiroshima City and symposium Floor ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・

IV - 1

Organization Committee ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ V - 1

1

General Information

Date
February 15-16, 2014

Venue
International Conference Center Hiroshima
1-5 Nakajima-cho, Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730-0811 Japan
Phone: +81-82-242-7777

Fax: +81-82-242-8010

Language
English and Japanese

Organized by
Organization of the Leading Graduate Education Program3

放射線災害復興を推進する
フェニックスリーダー育成プログラム

放射線災害による人と社会と環境の破綻からの復興を担う
グローバル人材養成

本プログラムでは、原爆からの復興を支えた広島大学の実績と経験を生かして、分野横断的・実践的学問領域である「放射線災害復興学」を確立し、放射線災害からの復興の核となる「放射線災害から生命を護る人材」、「放射能から環境を護る人材」、「放射能から子どもと社会を護る人材」を育成します。5 年もしくは 4 年一貫の徹底した人材育
成カリキュラムにより、放射線災害に適切に対応し、明確な理念の下で復興に貢献できる判断力と行動力を有した、国際的に活躍できる分野横断的統合的グローバルリーダー（フェニックスリーダー）を輩出します。

（文部科学省「博士課程教育リーディングプログラム」 平成 23 年度採択プログラム）

5Phoenix Leader Education Program (Hiroshima Initiative) for
Renaissance from Radiation Disaster

Develop global human resources who are expert in the recoveryof people, society and the environment
from damage caused by radiation disasterThis

programestablishes“Radiation

HazardRecovery

Studies”

asaninterdisciplinary and practical discipline based on Hiroshima University’s
experience and achievements in supporting recovery from the atomic bomb. The
program will develop personnel with the skills to “protect human lives fromradiation hazards,” “protect the environment from radioactivity,” and “protect
children and society from radioactivity.” Graduates from the program will becomecore leaders in situations requiring recovery from radiation hazards.
The5-yearor

4-yearintegrated

curriculumisdesignatedtodevelopinterdisciplinary and comprehensive global leaders (Phoenix Leaders) who can act
appropriately in circumstances of radiation hazards, and who can contribute to therecovery with leadership based on a clear philosophy.

(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology – MEXT
“Program for Leading Graduate Schools” accepted for FY2011

6

Program

The 3rd International Symposium on
Phoenix Leader Education program (Hiroshima Initiative) for
Renaissance from Radiation Disaster“Nature, Human being, and Radiation”
February 15-16, 2014
International Conference Center Hiroshima

February 15, 2014
12:30-

Registration

Room: Dahlia 1
13:00-13:15

Opening Ceremony

13:15-14-30

Graduate Student Presentation I

14:30-14:40

Break

14:40-15:45

Graduate Student Presentation II and III

15:45-16:00

Break

Room: Dahlia 2
16:00-18:00

Poster Session

Room: Dahlia 1
18:30-20:30

Reception11

February 16, 2014
Room: Himawari
9:15-

Registration

9:45-10:00

Opening Ceremony

10:00-10-40

Special Lecture
Noriyuki Mizuno（NHK Science Commentator）“Nuclear power plant disaster and direction of nuclear energy

policy“
10:40-11:20

Lecture I
Dr. Jacques Lochard (Chairman of Committee 4, ICRP）“Ethical Aspects of Radiological Protection“

11:20-12:00

Lecture II
Dr. Tom K. Hei（Professor, Columbia University）“The New Radiobiology: Extracellular and Extranuclear

Effectsof Ionizing Radiation“
12:00-13:00

Break（12:00-12:10 Ceremonial Photograph）
13:00-13:40

Lecture III
Dr. Richard Hindmarsh （Associate Professor, Griffith

University）“Nuclear Risk Governance Post-Fukushima Daiichi:
Policy Learning to Reduce Radiation Risk”
13:40-14:20 Lecture IV
Dr. Yuko Fujigaki（Professor, University of Tokyo）“What STS can do for bridging between experts and public
in Radiation Disaster?”12

14:20-14:40

Break

14:40-15:20

Lecture V
Dr. Gregory Clancey（Associate Professor，National University of Singapore）“Reflections on disaster in the early 21st century”

15:20-16:00

Lecture VI
Dr. Rethy K. Chhem（Director, Human Health, IAEA）“Understanding and addressing nuclear accident through STS
approach”

16:00-16:30

Award Ceremony, Closing Ceremony

13

Abstracts
LecturesFebruary 16, 2014
9:45~16:30
International Conference Center
Hiroshima
Room: Himawari

1 Special Lecture
原発事故と原子力政策のゆくえ
水野倫之（NHK 解説委員）
間もなく事故から 3 年になるが現場では汚染水の海への流出が止まらない
深刻な事態が続いており、今年は抜本対策に道筋がつけられるかが問われる 1 年になる。
一方で安倍政権は原発再稼働を進めようとしているが、原発の安全対策だけでなく各地の防災計画、それに核のゴミの処分問題など解決しなければならない問題が山積となっている。

Nuclear power plant disaster and direction of nuclear energy policy
Almost three years have passed since the accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear
plant. But the outflow of contaminated water from the accident site into the sea
continues.
Attention is now focused on whether comprehensive measures could be taken.
The Abe Administration seeks to re-start the idle nuclear power plant.
However, many issues have yet to be resolved, not only the safety measures ofnuclear power plants, but also the disasterprevention plans of local municipalities,

and the disposal of radioactive waste.

【プロフィール】水野倫之（ＮＨＫ解説委員）

ＮＨＫに記者として入局後、青森で核燃料サイクル施設を取材したのをきっかけに原子力の担当となる。もんじゅのナトリウム漏れや東海村の臨界事故など事故取材も多く経験。科学技術担当の解説委員となってからも原子力の取材を進め、福島第一原発事故
では発生直後からニュースなどで事故の状況を数か月にわたって解説した。
原子力以外にも宇宙開発や天文、環境問題等を担当する。
著書に「日本一わかりやすいエネルギー問題の教科書」「緊急解説！福島第一原発事
故と放射線」(共著)がある。

I-1

LectureI

Ethical Aspects of Radiological Protection
Jacques Lochard
Nuclear Protection Evaluation Centre (CEPN)
Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
The system of radiological protection is based on three pillars: science, ethical andsocial values, and experience. As far as ethics is concerned the fundamental
principles structuring the system (justification, optimisation and limitation)
combines values that are at the heart of the three major theories of moral
philosophy: respect for the rights of the individual (which falls within deontologicalethics), the pursuit of collective interest (which falls within utilitarian ethics), andthe promotion of vigilance and fairness (which falls within the ethics of virtue).
Two key values underlie the radiation protection system: prudence and justice.
Prudence (in modern terms ‘precautionary principle’) is the cornerstone of thesystem that allows taking into account uncertainties concerning both deterministic
and stochastic effects of radiation on health. Prudence has a very long and universal
ethical tradition in Western countries, but also in the Buddhist and Confucianism
traditions as well as the ancient people of Oceania and America. Justice is the way
to ensure social equity and fairness in decisions related to protection within thepresent generation, but also with respect to future generations (intergenerational
equity). This promotion of social justice and equity is mainly undertaken in practiceby introducing restrictions on individual exposures in the system of radiologicalprotection.
Over the past decade the system has also integrated procedural values such as,
stakeholder involvement, right to know, informed consent and self-help protection,reflecting the importance to properly inform and also preserve the autonomy anddignity of persons potentially or actually exposed to radiation.
More recently the human dimension of the Fukushima accident has clearlyI-3

highlighted the importance of relying on the ethical values that underpin thesystem to implement in a respectful manner the protection of persons in the affected
territories.
【Profile】 Jacques Lochard (Director, Nuclear Protection Evaluation Centre (CEPN))
His main contribution in radiation protection has been in the development of methodologies andimplementation tools in the field of optimisation of radiological protection. He has written several
tens of articles in scientific journals and proceedings of international conferences, covering boththe theoretical and practical aspects of optimisation.
From 1990 to 2010, he was involved in international projects on the consequences of theChernobyl catastrophe and the rehabilitation of living conditions in the contaminated territories inBelarus. He chaired the Commission on long term of the French Steering Committee for the
management of the post-accident phase of a nuclear accident or a radiological emergency(CODIRPA) from 2009 to 2012. He is currently involved in several activities in Japan in relation
to the Fukushima accident.
Jacques LOCHARD has been President of the French Society of Radiation Protection (1997-1999),
Chairman of the Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health of the Nuclear Energy
Agency of the OECD (2005-2009) and Executive Officer of the International Radiation Protection
Association (2000-2012). He is currently Vice-Chair of the International Commission on
Radiological Protection.

I-4

Lecture II
The New Radiobiology:
Extracellular and Extranuclear Effectsof Ionizing Radiation
Tom K. Hei
Center for Radiological Research, Department of Radiation Oncology,
Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,10032

USA

Although radiation is a well established human carcinogen, it is an important
modality in the clinical management of cancer where some 60% of patients aretreated with radiation either as a single agent or in combination with othertreatments. In this regard, and on a mechanistic basis, generations of students inradiological sciences have been taught that the quintessential target for radiationinduced cell death and genetic damages resides in the DNA of the nucleus. Using acharged particle microbeam, there is evidence that targeted cytoplasmic irradiation
results in mutations in the nuclei of the same hit cells through a process involving
reactive oxygen species. In addition, cells that are not traversed by an alpha particle
can participate in the damage process involving gap junctional proteins and cellsurface ligands. Radiation-induced extranuclear/ extracellular effects thus represent
a paradigm shift in our understanding of the relevant target(s) of ionizing radiation.
Targeted cytoplasmic irradiation induces changes in mitochondrial morphology. Since
mitochondria are the energy center of a cell, their biogenesis and function have major
implication on the disease process in an organism. Normal mitochondria are highly
dynamic organelles that move along microtubules or microfilaments and continuously
fuse and divide in healthy cells. A balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission isI-5

essential to maintain normal mitochondrial function. In contrast, irradiated cells
show shortened and fragmented mitochondria together with a reduction in
mitochondrial functions. These included reduced cytochrome C-oxidase as well as
succinate dehydrogenase activities when compared with non-irradiated controls,suggestive of reduced respiratory metabolism. Furthermore, irradiated airway
epithelial cells showed an increase in mitochondrial superoxide production that was
quenched by the radical scavenger, dimethyl sulfoxide. This acute mitochondrial
response caused by cytoplasmic irradiation may result in the release of several stressmediators, which are necessary for mitochondria to preserve cellular homeostasis.
In addition, irradiation of lower halves of mice with a 5 Gy dose of X-rays resulted in
the induction of mutation and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in out of field lung andbreast tissues. This abscopal or out of field phenomenon would imply that
non-targeted effects coordinate in a complex interplay involving organs, tissues andcells. Although radiation induced non-targeted effects have been well documented ina variety of in vitro and in vivo endpoints, the mechanism is not known. There isrecent evidence that the NF-κB-dependent gene expression of interleukin 8,
interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 33 in directly irradiated cells
produced the cytokines and prostaglandin E2 are involved in the signaling process.
The observations that heritable DNA alterations can be propagated to cells many
generations after radiation exposure and that bystander cells exhibit genomic
instability in ways similar to directly hit cells indicate potential long term effects of
the non-targeted response. A better understanding of the mechanism of the
non-targeted effects will be invaluable to assess the clinical relevance of the
bystander effects and ways in which the bystander phenomenon can be manipulated
to increase therapeutic gain in radiotherapy.

I-6

【 Profile 】 Tom K. Hei(Professor and Vice-chairman of Radiation Oncology and
Associate Director of the Center for Radiological Research,
Columbia University Medical Center.)Dr. Tom K. Hei received his B.Sc. (Summa Cum Laude) from the University of
Wisconsin-Whitewater and his Ph.D. in experimental pathology from Case Western Reserve
University. He has been on the faculty of Columbia University since 1983 and currently holds a joint
appointment as professor of environmental health sciences in the Mailman School of Public Health. Dr.
Hei’s research focuses on basic mechanisms of radiation and environmental cancer. Using a charged
particle microbeam, his laboratory demonstrates unequivocally that radiation induces both extranuclear
as well as extracellular effects that set off a paradigm shift in our understanding of the new
radiobiology. Dr. Hei was a panel member of the United States Institute of Medicine in reviewing the
NIOSH Roadmap for Research on Mineral Fibers. He serves in several NIH advisory panels. Dr. Hei
was elected Educator of the Year by the Association of Residents in Radiation Oncology in 2012. He is
the immediate past president of the Radiation Research Society and has many years of experience inmentoring doctoral, medical, clinical radiation oncology residents and postdoctoral research fellows,
many of whom are now leaders in their own field around the world. For more information, pleasecheck out his complete curriculum vitae in his laboratory website:
http://www.crr.columbia.edu/hei.htm

I-7

Lecture III
Nuclear Risk Governance Post-Fukushima Daiichi:
Policy Learning to Reduce Radiation Risk
Richard Hindmarsh
Griffith School of Environment and Centre for Governance and Public
Policy, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia

Introduction: Post-Fukushima radiation risk context
Post-Chernobyl, an important insight for policy learning1 was that nuclear risks ‘open up the scope forinnovative approaches to risk governance …. 2 One proposal was the integration of expert and lay
knowledges to enhance policy legitimacy and competency in regard to technology choices and the
management of their risks. 3 The Fukushima disaster—with numerous implications for nuclear energy
safety, siting, radiation risk, and risk communication and management in contemporary contexts of good
governance—strengthened this proposition dramatically. 4 Radiation risk attracted high citizen distrust of
government, 5 marked loss of support for nuclear power, and broad international concern. 6
To suggest policy learning innovations to reduce radiation risk, I provide understandings fromrelevant studies including those from my recent volume on the disaster, with a focus on social aspects.7
As Oughton and Howard emphasised, ‘although in recent years authorities have acknowledged theimportance of social aspects in the assessment of radiation risks ... none of the resulting policy
recommendations have been challenged by an accident of the calibre of Fukushima’.8
Key social implications post-Fukushima for future radiation risk management relate toineffective evacuation and risk communication about the extent and impact of the leak of radioactive
materials beyond the vicinity of the plant. High use of civic social media immediately resulted as citizens
networked to try and work out the answers in the absence of reliable, prompt and coherent official data.9
This ‘citizen science’ phenomenon clearly reflected dysfunctionality and breakdown of the nuclear power‘socio-technological system’. 10 The Fukushima experience was the most potent breakdown in the historyof nuclear power development in Japan. Priority given to technically-informed decision-making had
downplayed the importance of the social aspects or infrastructure of the system in regard to the public andhost communities of nuclear power plants. 11 Inadequate public involvement occurred in energy
technology choices; safety planning including siting, 12 and in emergency responses and radiation risk
preparation, as evidenced by significant psychological trauma post-disaster. 13
Dysfunctionality was made more potent when we also understand nuclear power as a‘megatechnology’. In certain circumstances such as significant policy failure, megatechnologies begin tofeature uncertain and unpredictable multiple complex interactions that could not be previously tested inI-9

laboratories or through computer simulations.14 ‘Rather, their unanticipated consequences can only be
discovered after they are implemented’.15 In environmental management, when such circumstances occur
repeatedly they represent a ‘wicked’ problem; one that keeps reappearing unless addressed
comprehensively. 16 As such, the resolution of wicked problems relies significantly on ‘the collective
judgment of stakeholders involved in a process that is experiential, interactive and deliberative’, as agovernability issue. 17 Missing in Japan, and reportedly, elsewhere, 18 such resolution is important tocreate adequate functionality of nuclear power socio-technological systems as tightly coupled andcoproduced, and thus, arguably, to reduce radiation risk. 19‘Recoupling’ the nuclear power socio-technological system
To create adequate functionality in practice is for nuclear risk governance to follow broader international
policy shifts to become more socio-technically oriented, which seems apt in both pre and post-disaster
contexts through broad stakeholder participation. Currently, the literature reveals that suggestions for most
remedial actions post-Fukushima focus on strengthening the post-disaster terrain of radiation risk throughexpert approaches. 20 However, a key recoupling strategy in a wide range of fields is collaborative/dialogic
engagement across scientist/non-scientist boundaries, particularly in controversial science and technology
and environmental areas, 21 with science policy increasingly supportive. 22 Important benefits see greater
legitimacy and competent policy result and public trust rebuilt.23 Such engagement would work in wellwith the emergent area of developing psychological preparedness for disaster management. Psychologicalpreparedness enables citizens to better emotionally confront a disaster and traverse the physical symptoms
a person might experience, and then focus more on situational survival mechanisms. 24
In public health, an innovative community engagement approach for emergency preparedness andresponse was the recent Los Angeles County Community Disaster Resilience Initiative.25 It encompasses
individual preparedness as well as establishing a supportive social context in communities to withstandand recover from disasters, which includes building psychological resilience. 26 This pre-disaster focus
complementsinterventions

post-disaster,

including

psychological

first

aid,

familyoutreach,

psychoeducation, and social support, screening, and anxiety reduction techniques. 27 Yet anothersuggestion is the development of social media as a complementary risk communication tool.
Post-Fukushima, smart phones offered resilient communication tools when electricity became
unavailable. 28 Online civic radiation monitoring maps proved useful when official radiation monitoring
communication breakdown occurred.29 Citizen radiation monitoring of local neighbourhoods throughDIY Geiger counters proved useful in regard to hot spots. 30 Another study canvassed that tweets offer
potential to track public anxiety as an early warning system. 31 Governmental efforts to use social media toimprove appropriate responses to emergencies by building social connectivity and emergency kits are also
now emerging to prepare community resilience.32

I – 10Conclusion
Policy learning for innovative capacity building for integrated pre- and post-disaster socio-technicalplanning approaches points to inclusive, 33 or anticipatory, 34 nuclear risk governance approaches. The Los
Angeles County Community Disaster Resilience initiative provides one model. Affected and experienced
publics are now widely available across Japan to better develop collaboratively, community resilience inregard to nuclear disasters and reducing radiation risk.

References
1

2

3
4

5
6

7
8

9
10
11

12
13

14
15
16
17
18
19

For example: May, P. (1992) Policy learning and failure. Journal of Public Policy 12(4): 331-354; Dolowitz, D. and Marsh,
D. (2000) Learning from abroad: the role of policy transfer in contemporary policy-making. Governance: An International
Journal of Policy and Administration 13(1): 5-24.
O’Connor, M. and van den Hove, S. (2001) Prospects for public participation on nuclear risks and policy options:innovations in governance practices for sustainable development in the European Union. Journal of Hazardous Materials
86: 77-99.
On legitimacy and policy competence, see: Fung, A., Wright, E. (2003) Deepening democracy: institutional innovations in
empowered participatory governance. Verso: London; Peter, F. (2008) Democratic legitimacy. Routledge: UK.
An apt international understanding of good governance is informed by principles of openness, participation, accountability,
effectiveness and coherence (Commission of the European Communities (2001). European Governance: A White Paper.
Com (2001): 428. Brussels: CEC).
Tateno, S. and Yokoyama, H. (2013) Public anxiety, trust, and the role of mediators in communicating risk of exposure to
low dose radiation after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant explosion. Journal of Science Communication 12(2): A03.
For example: Friedman, S. (2012) Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima: an analysis of traditional and new media
coverage of nuclear accidents and radiation. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 67(5): 55-65; Oughton, D. and Howard, B.
(2012) The social and ethical challenges of radiation risk and risk management. Ethics, Policy and Environment 15(1):71-76.
Hindmarsh, R. (ed.) Nuclear disaster at Fukushima Daiichi: social, political and environmental Issues. Routledge: NewYork.
Oughton, D. and Howard, B. (2012) The social and ethical challenges of radiation risk and risk management. Ethics,
Policy and Environment 15(1): 71-76. In regard to radiation risk and societal costs see, Westerdahl, K. (2013) Societal
consequences of radioactive releases in March 2011 in Japan and implications for the resilience concept. Journal of Risk
research DOI: 10.1080/13669877.2013.841732
Nature. (2012) Lessons of a triple disaster. Nature 483 (March 8): 123.
On socio-technological systems, dysfunctionality and breakdown see: Starr, S. (1999) The ethnography of infrastructure.
American Behavioral Scientist 43(3): 377-391.
For example: Fujigaki, Y. and Tsukahara, T. (2011) STS implications of Japan’s 3/11 crisis. East Asian Science,
Technology and Society: An International Journal 5: 381-394; Hara, T. (2013) Social shaping of nuclear safety. In R.
Hindmarsh (ed.) Nuclear disaster at Fukushima Daiichi: social, political and environmental issues. Routledge: New York,
22-40; Hindmarsh, R. (2013) 3/11: megatechnology, siting, place, and participation. In R. Hindmarsh (ed.) Nuclear
disaster at Fukushima Daiichi: social, political and environmental issues. Routledge: New York, 57-77.
For example, Juraku, K. (2013) Social structure and nuclear power siting problems revealed. In R. Hindmarsh (ed.)
Nuclear disaster at Fukushima Daiichi: social, political and environmental issues. Routledge: New York, 41-56.
Medical and Academic Responses to Fukushima Nuclear Accident Panel (2013) Asia-Pacific Science, Technology &Society Network – Biennial Conference 2013, National University of Singapore, 15 July:
http://www.apstsn2013.com/?page_id=65.
Beck, U. (1995) Ecological enlightenment: essays on the politics of the risk society. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities
Press, p. 20.
Unger, S. (2001) Moral panic versus the risk society: the implications of the changing sites of social anxiety. British
Journal of Sociology 52(2): 271-291, p. 282.
Jentoft, S. and Chuenpagdee, R. (2009) Fisheries and coastal governance as a wicked problem. Marine Policy 33:
553-560.
Ibid., p. 553.
Patel, T. (2012) Japan-style nuclear safety errors abound, French regulator says. Bloomberg Businessweek, October 29:
http:// www.businessweek.com/news/2012-10-29/japan-style-nuclear-safety-errorsabound-french-regulator-says.
For example, see Pritchard, S. (2013) Envirotechnical disaster at Fukushima: nature, technology and politics. In R.
Hindmarsh (ed.) Nuclear disaster at Fukushima Daiichi: social, political and environmental issues. Routledge: New York,116-134.

I – 11

20
21
22
23

24

25
26

27
28
29

30
31
32
33
34

For example, Robertson, A. and Pengilley, A. (2012) Fukushima nuclear incident: the challenges of risk communication.
Asia-Pacific Journal of Public health 24: 689-696.
Du Plessis, R., Hindmarsh, R. and Cronin, K. (2010) Engaging across boundaries—emerging practices in ‘technicaldemocracy’. East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal 4:475-482.
Bickerstaff, K. et al. (2011) Locating scientific citizenship: the institutional contexts and cultures of public engagement.
Science, Technology, and Human Values 35(4): 474-500.
For example: Bäckstrand, K. et al. (eds.) (2010) Environmental politics and deliberative democracy: examining the promiseof new modes of governance. UK: Edward Elgar; Adams, M., Wheeler, D. and Woolston, G. (2011) A participatory
approach to sustainable energy strategy development in a carbon-intensive jurisdiction: The case of Nova Scotia. Energy
Policy 39: 2550-2559.
Reser, J. and Morrissey, S. (2009) The crucial role of psychological preparedness for disasters. The Bulletin of theAustralian Psychological Society April: 14-15; Zulch, H. et al. (2012) Psychological preparedness for natural disasters.
Proceedings of the First International Conference on Urban Sustainability and Resilience, London, UK, 5-6 November.
Wells, K. (2013) Applying community engagement to disaster planning: developing the vision and design for the Los
Angeles County Community Disaster Resilience Initiative, American Journal of Public Health, 103(7): 1172-1180.
Plough, A. et al. (2103) Building community disaster resilience: perspectives from a large urban county department ofpublic health. American Journal of Public Health 103(7): 1190-1197; also: Mileti, D. and Peek, L. (2000) The social
psychology of public response to warnings of a nuclear power plant accident. Journal of Hazardous Materials 75: 181-194.
For example, Pfefferbaum, B. et al. (2013) Practice parameter on disaster preparedness. Journal of the American Academyof Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 52(11): 1224-1238.
Kaigo, M. (2012) Social media usage during disasters and social capital: twitter and the Great East Japan Earthquake.
Keio Communication Review 34: 19-35.
Morita, A., Blok, A. and Kimura, S. (2013) Environmental infrastructures of emergency: the formation of a civic radiation
monitoring map during the Fukushima disaster. In R. Hindmarsh (ed.) Nuclear disaster at Fukushima Daiichi: social,political and environmental issues. Routledge: New York, 78-96.
Kera, D., Rod, J. and Peterova, R. (2013) Post-apocalyptic citizenship and humanitarian hardware. In R. Hindmarsh (ed.)
Nuclear disaster at Fukushima Daiichi: social, political and environmental issues. Routledge: New York, 97-115.
Doan, S., Ho Vo, B-K. and Collier, N. (2012) An analysis of Twitter messages in the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake. In P.
Kostkova, M. Szomszor, and D. Fowler (eds). eHealth 2011, LNICST 91, pp. 58-66.
Plough, A. et al. (2103) Building community disaster resilience: perspectives from a large urban county department ofpublic health. American Journal of Public Health 103(7): 1190-1197.
Renn, O. and Schweizer, P-J. (2009) Inclusive risk governance: concepts and application to environmental policy making.
Environmental Policy and Governance 19: 174-185.
Guston, D. (2013) Understanding ‘anticipatory governance’. Social Studies of Science DOI: 10.1177/0306312713508669【Profile】Richard Hindmarsh (Griffith School of Environment, and Centre for Governance andPublic Policy, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia)
Richard Hindmarsh (PhD in STS, Griffith University) is Associate Professor at Griffith School ofEnvironment and Centre for Governance and Public Policy, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
His field is Environmental Politics and Policy, and Science, Technology and Society (STS). He wascofounder in 2008, and lead Convenor until 2012, of the Asia-Pacific Science, Technology andSociety Network [http://apstsn.org/]. The Network focuses on cross-country regional STS issues ofgovernance, citizenship and public policy with regard to important issues raised by new orcontroversial science and technology, particularly in regard to environmental sustainability and social
implications. Journals published in include Environmental Politics, Local Environment, Nature, Social
Studies of Science, Science as Culture, and East Asian Science, Technology, and Society. His seven books include
Edging towards BioUtopia (University of Western Australia Press, 2008); Genetic Suspects: Global
Governance of Forensic DNA Profiling and Databasing (Cambridge University Press, UK, 2010, coeditedwith Barbara Prainsack); and Nuclear Disaster at Fukushima Daiichi: Social, Political and Environmental
Issues (Routledge Studies in Science, Technology and Society, New York, 2013). Current research
topics include the environmental release of genetically modified crops, wind and nuclear energy,
ecopolitical new and social media, participatory governance and sustainability transitions.
[University
blog: http://www.griffith.edu.au/business-government/centre-governance-public-policy/staff/assoc
iate-professor-richard-hindmarsh]

I – 12

Lecture IV
What STS can do for bridging between experts and public
in Radiation Disaster?
Yuko Fujigaki, Ph.D.
Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1,
Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902, JapanFor Radiation Disaster, STS (Science and Technology Studies; Science, Technology andSociety) can provide disaster analysis, historical analysis, communication analysis, as well as discussion
on governance oｆ technology and public engagement. In Post-Fukushima situation, communication under
uncertainty is strongly desired and medical professionals are facing important tasks to reconstruct the trust
and to gather health data for residents as well as for the worlds. In this situation, to bridge relevant
institutions and to link the validation boundaries of different disciplines, STS(Science and Technology
Studies) is expected to do the “bridge-work”, not the “boundary-work.” In addition, it also expected STS
to do “bridge-work” between scientists and public.
In “communication gap” between scientists and citizens, we can compare the deficit model andtwo-way communication model. In addition, Sakura(2013) pointed out the needs for “double- interpreter”
model based on his interview surveys for residents near Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear power plants. We
also can learn from the concepts of “information transmitter” and “information-interpreter.” Scientists andmedical professionals tried to convey “right information,” and to be a good “information transmitter”;
however, public had a strong need for “information-interpreter.” What is the difference between“information-transmitter” and “information-interpreter”? Scientists have a desire to be a right“information-transmitter,” and they think that to be a good transmitter is one of the responsibilities ofscientists. On the contrary, public needs a “information-interpreter” and they asked scientists “What would
you do if you were me”? It is very difficult question whether answering this question and being an“information-interpreter” is one of responsibility of scientists or not. There are huge gap between what
scientists think as their responsibility and what public think scientists’ responsibility. Since medical
doctors and scientists have been educated to be a “information-transmitter”, they face many troubles inrisk communication.
Felt (2013) indicated that for radiation disaster, there are three kind of expertise: Intellectual –expertise, Contributory-expertise, and Adaptive expertise. For building the trust between experts andpublic, analysis on the difference of “framing” is important. Collaboration on re-framing will play a roleI – 13

for two-way communication. Re-framing and re-thinking is the core concept in STS, which bring us“self-reflexivity.

【Plofile】Yuko Fujigaki（Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, JAPAN）
Educational Background:1987 M.D. University of Tokyo
1990 Ph.D. University of Tokyo
Major Professional Experiences:
Assistant Professor, University of Tokyo,1990-1996
Vice Director in Research, National Institute of Science and Technology Policy,1996-2000
Associate Professor, University of Tokyo, 2000-2009Professor, University of Tokyo, 2010Major Publications:
Fujigaki, Y. Filling the Gap between the Discussion on Science and Scientist's Everyday’s Activities:
Applying the Autopoiesis System Theory to Scientific Knowledge, Social Science Information, 37(1),5-22, 1998
Fujigaki, Y , The Public Ethic and Spirit of Specialism(in Japanese), Univ.of Tokyo Press, 2002
Fujigaki, Y (editor) Case Analysis and Theoretical Concepts for Science and Technology Studies (inJapanese)Univ. of Tokyo Press, 2005
Fujigaki,Y.,Changes in the research stream by standardization: A content analysis of the Archives ofGeneral Psychiatry during the establishment of operational diagnostic criteria, Scientometrics, 68(2),203-212, 2006.
Fujigaki, Y. STS in Japan and East Asis: Governence of Scoence and Technology and Public
Engagement, East Asisn STS International Journal,2009: 3:511-518.
Yuko Fujigaki and Togo Tsukahara, STS Implications of Japan’s 3/11 Crisis, East Asian Science,
Technology and Society: an International Journal, 5(3), 381-394, 2011.

Activities in Academic Societies;
Council, Japanese Society for Science and Technology Studies (2001-)
Council, International Society for Social Studies of Science (2002-2005)
Program Chair, Annual Meeting of International Society for Social Studies of Science 2010 in Tokyo
Governmental Activities;
Council Member for Science Technology, and Research Policy, Ministry of Education, Science,
Technology, Culture and Sports(2013-)
Policy Evaluation Committee, Ministry of Education, Science, Technology, Culture andSports(2001-2003)
Evaluation Committee for Research Institutes, METI(2002-2005)
Advisory Committee of Examination for First-class Civil, National Personal Authority(2002-2005)

I – 14

Lecture V
REFLECTIONS ON DISASTER IN THE EARLY 21st
CENTURY
Gregory Clancey
Science, Technology, and Society (STS) Cluster, Asia ResearchInstitute (ARI)
National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore

The 21st Century is unusually disaster-conscious.

The 19th and 20th centuries were arguably

less-so, if one eliminates the “disaster” of war. Indeed, the amount of academic literature on
natural disasters and large-scale accidents published since the turn of the millennium
dwarfs the output of the previous century. At the same time, ‘disaster studies’, formerly aminor and peculiar inter-disciplinary field, now has manifestations across nearly every
academic discipline and at hundreds of the world’s universities. Why is this so?
A commonly-advanced explanation is that the numbers, impact, cost, and even severity ofnatural disaster is increasing.

This argument has been advanced by no less an authority

than the Secretary-General of the United Nations, and in more precise terms in the studies
of globally-active re-insurance firms (which insure insurers).

While these arguments

normally chart and cite ‘events’, they are also informed by the ever-stronger discourse on theprocess of climate change.

More precisely, they accompany a growing global worry thatclimate change is partly manifesting in the acceleration and severity of ‘normal’ natural
disasters, paralleling more abnormal phenomena such as the melting of the polar ice caps.
The continued growth of megacities and their ever-extending infrastructures (such as the
Fukushima TEPCO plant) in locations prone to natural catastrophe, particularly in Asia, has
put the issue on the agenda of urban studies and urban planning.
Whereas “natural disasters” on the one hand, and man-made “accidents” (and deliberate actsof war) on the other were previously treated as distinct categories, they have begun tocollapse into one another in the 21st Century. The ambiguities and peculiar mechanisms
surrounding climate change have been a major contributing factor – for the first time inhuman history, hurricanes and severe blizzards are suspected of having artificial origins.
Coincidentally (perhaps) two of the largest and most destructive tsunamis in modern history
I – 15

have occurred in a short time-span, and, uniquely, have been digitally broadcast in their fullfury to the world. One of them has triggered a nuclear plant meltdown,

leading to thecoinage of a new term, “compound disaster”.
The phenomenon of “compound disaster”, or the collapse of the natural and man-made, hasmoreover occurred against the political backdrop of a near-global ‘war on terror’, which has
unleashed vivid scenes of urban destruction in parallel to those created accidentally, or by
nature, or both. This last reality has as much to do with the rise of ‘disaster studies’ (or its
close relatives ‘crisis studies’, ‘disaster management’, ‘emergency management’ etc.) as thefactors discussed above.

As governments fund ‘emergency management’ agencies,

programmes, and training courses to deal with terrorist incidents, their ‘dual use’ in cases ofnatural disasters/accidents become obvious.

In that sense, the term ‘emergency’, whicharose in the 20th century precisely because of its ability to encompass acts of man and nature,
expands further to cover ever-increasing areas of preparedness, governance, and response.
My talk will take these convergences as a starting point, and expand the discussion into
lessons from the field of Science and Technology Studies (STS) on the ‘normalization of
accidents/disasters’, and the choices we have in thinking about cause and effect.

I’ll also

discuss the ‘crisis of expertise’ which follows from these multiple convergences, including
issues around ‘science communication’.

I’ll consider radiation and the threat ofradiation-related disasters/incidents as central examples, but also in comparison to othertypes of related phenomena.

【Plofile】Gregory Clancey（Science, Technology, and Society (STS) Cluster,
Asia Research Institute (ARI)
National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore）
Gregory Clancey is Master of Tembusu College at NUS and an Associate Professor in the
Department of History and the Asia Research Institute (ARI) at the National University ofSingapore.
Cluster.

At ARI, he is the Leader of the STS (Science, Technology, and Society) Research

Until July, 2010, he was Assistant Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences,and served on many university-level committees.
A/P Clancey’s research centers on the history of science & technology, particularly in modern
Japan and East Asia.

His book Earthquake Nation: The Cultural Politics of JapaneseSeismicity (Berkeley: U. of California Press, 2006) won the Sidney Edelstein Prize from theSociety for the History of Technology in 2007, and was selected as one of the “11 Best Books
about Science” for the UC Berkeley Summer Reading List, sent to all incoming Freshmen in
I – 16

2009.
A/P Clancey received his BA from Bates College (w/ Highest Honors) and his PhD from the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He has been a Fulbright Graduate Scholar at
the University of Tokyo, and a Lars Hierta Scholar at the Royal Institute of Technology (KtH)
in Stockholm.

In 2012 he was the recipient of the Morison Prize from MIT for contributions

to the field of Science, Technology, and Society.

DEGREES
Ph.D., M.I.T. [Massachusetts Institute of Technology], Doctoral Program in the History& Social Study of Science and Technology (1998)
M.A., Dept. of American & New England Studies, Boston University (1986)
B.A. with Highest Honors, Dept. of History, Bates College (1981) [Junior Year,
Harris-Manchester College, Oxford University, U.K.]

EMPLOYMENTMaster, Tembusu College at NUS, July 2010 –Leader, STS Research Cluster, Asia Research Institute, Aug. 2009 Assistant Dean, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, NUS, 2006- 2010
Associate Professor, Dept. of History, National University of Singapore, 2006Assistant Professor, Dept. of History, National University of Singapore, 1999 – 2006
Post-Doctoral Research Associate, S.T.S. Program, MIT, 1998-99
Architectural Conservator / Historian, Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities,
Boston, Mass., U.S.A., 1990-1992
PI, RESEARCH GRANTS (SELECTED)“Asian Biopoleis: Biotechnology and Biomedicine as Emergent Forms of Life and Practice”, Tier 2 Grant(MOE) and DHSS Grant, 2010-2013, $1,000,000“STS Speaker Series”, FASS Research Cluster Program Grant, 2007-2008, $50,000“Fabrications: Masculinity, Technology, and Architectural Modernism” Tier 1 Grant (MOE),
2006-2009, $30,000 +“Natural Disaster in Asian History, Memory, and Culture”, Asia Research Institute, 2005 [withTimothy Tsu], $20,000

RESEARCH/WRITING FELLOWSHIPS
Writing Fellow, Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 2003 & 2009
Post-Doctoral Research Associate, S.T.S. Program, MIT, 1998-99
Graduate Fellow, Dibner Institute for the History of Science and Technology, MIT, Cambridge,
Mass., 1996-98
Fulbright Graduate Research Fellow, Faculty of Engineering, Architectural History Lab(kenkyushitsu of Dr. Suzuki Hiroyuki), University of Tokyo, Japan, 1995-96
Lars Hierta Fellow, Dept. of the History of Science & Technology, Royal Institute of Technology,
Stockholm, Sweden, 1995

I – 17

AWARDS
Morison Prize, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012
Sidney Edelstein Book Prize (for Earthquake Nation: The Cultural Politics of JapaneseSeismicity, Berkeley: UC Press, 2006), Society for the History of Technology, 2007
Also selected as one of 11 “Best Books about Science” on UC Berkeley’s Summer Reading
List for incoming freshmen, 2009
Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (NUS) Teaching Excellence Award, 2005 and 2006
Samuel & Rose Levinson Prize (for best conference presentation), Society for the History ofTechnology, 1994
Joan Cahalin Robinson Prize (for best unpublished manuscript), Society for the History ofTechnology, 1994
Benjamin M. Siegel Prize (for best graduate student essay), Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology, 1994
Benjamin M. Siegel Prize, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (second place),
Highest Honors in History (for senior thesis), Bates College, 1981

I – 181993

Lecture VI
Understanding and addressing
nuclear accident through STS approach
Rethy K Chhem
Director of the Division of Human Healthat the International Atomic Energy Agency
The 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami followed by the Fukushima nuclear power
plant accident is a complex phenomenon with wide-ranging consequences. In order to identify
the potential implications on human health, the Division of Human Health (NAHU) of the IAEA
initiated a technical expert meeting to conduct an educational needs assessment for physicians,
scientists and health professionals who have been called upon to provide a medical response tothat compound disaster. STS (Science and Technology Studies) seemed to emerge as an
appealing approach to disentangle this situation through a dialogue among radiation scientists,social scientists and humanities scholars. Although the STS approach may not provide
ready-made answers to the various health challenges entailed by such a compound disaster, it
may help us to truly understand the challenges more clearly, and provide us with a usefulconceptual framework in which practical solutions may be developed and applied successfullyin the future. NAHU plays an instrumental role by calling for a consultancy meeting on “Global
radiation medicine: Educational challenges for academia” in November 2012, which has resulted
in the implementation of two STS-oriented projects from 2013 to 2014: “Enhancing radiation
medicine education by building capacity of health professionals and medical students” and“Strengthening research cooperation in radiation disaster medicine”. We will discuss theoutputs and actions of the projects so far. NAHU involves both international and Japanese STS
and disaster studies experts as a way to integrate outsider and insider perspectives on the
Fukushima accident in order to activate the STS approach to construct new knowledge inI – 19

Human Health for health professionals, medical students, and specialists from relevant fields
such as sociology, history, anthropology, and psychology.

【Profile】 Rethy K. Chhem （Director of the Division of Human Health at IAEA）
Dr. Chhem was born in Cambodia. He holds a medical degree from the University ofParis VI, a PhD in education and a PhD in history, both from the University of Montreal.
He is currently the Director of the Division of Human Health at the International Atomic
Energy Agency. He represents the IAEA at various organizations: UNSCEAR (United
Nation Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation), World Health Assembly,
WHO/IAEA Cancer Control Joint Program and is the Co-Chair for WG4 (RadiologicalConsequences on Human Health): IAEA Comprehensive Report on Fukushima Accident.
To date, he has published 12 books, over 70 peer reviewed journal articles, and given
more than 400 conference presentations, including: ‘Radiation Disaster Medicine:
Perspective from the Fukushima Nuclear Accident’, ‘Radiology Education: Measuring
Clinical Performance’, ‘Medical Imaging and Philosophy’, ‘The Practice of Radiology
Education: Trends and Challenges’, ‘Radiology Education: The Scholarship of Teachingand Learning’, and ‘Paleoradiology: Imaging Mummies and Fossils’.

I – 20Abstracts
Poster session
February 15, 2014
16:00~18:00
International Conference Center
Hiroshima
Room: Dahlia 2

１
The accumulation of Cs-137 in the leaves of coniferous trees, Abies firma, inFukushima region, Japan
Yurika Oba*1, Kiyoshi Shizuma2, Toshihiro Yamada1, Toshinori Okuda1
1

Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences Hiroshima University

2

Graduate School of Engineering Hiroshima University
After the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in March of 2011, large amount ofradionuclides still stay in the forests in the vicinity regions of the nuclear power plant. The distribution andbehavior of radiocesium in the forest ecosystem cycles need to be urgently accessed for the immediate practiceof decontamination. We investigated the accumulation of radiocesium within leaves of coniferous species,
Japanese fir (Abies firma) commonly found in Fukushima region in order to clarify spatial distribution ofradionuclides within tree bodies of this species.
The study sites were placed within the mixed deciduous forests including coniferous trees in Iitate, Soma
and Minami-Soma of Fukushima Prefecture, Northeastern part of Japan. Leaves of Abies firma were collectedduring the field survey conducted from July 31 to August 5, 2013. A part of sampled leaves were segregatedinto three different age groups (< 1 year leaves; newly emerged leaves, 1-2 year leaves and > 2 year leaves; oldleaves), oven dried (90oC), and powderized for the gamma-rays measurements. The rest of sampled leaves wereplaced on the imaging plates for 24 hours, and were scanned for detecting the spatial intensity of radiation
emission within the sampled leaves that come out as “autoradiographs”.
The results showed that the concentration of Cs-137 were significantly different between the new leaves
and the old leaves (Friedman test, p<0.001, df=2, n=19), implying that radionuclide accumulation varies withthe leaf age. But there were no significant difference between two old leaf groups. The autoradiographs showed
the radioactivity was higher in newly emerged leaves than in the old leaves. For future, we plan to investigate
how the radionuclide accumulation varies with the position of tree parts, seasons as well as environmental
factors affecting the accumulation of Cs-137 in the trees.

II - 1

２
Plant Identification and distribution characteristic in relation to radioceasium
accumulation and the comparison between physiological characteristic in in vivo
and in vitro studies.
Sharifah Nabihah Syed Othman
Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University

Plants, animals and people have always been exposed to ionizing radiation in their natural environments because ofvariations in distribution of radiation which naturally and artificially occur in the ecosystem. There are manystudies have been conducted to prove the ability of plant in remediating industrial toxicity which might also
increase the chance to help in cleaning up the environment. Therefore, it is important to investigate and understandthe natural potential of the environment in order to control this radiation disruption. This research plan will involve
few techniques which include; selected group of plant identification and their distribution characteristic, screeningof radioactive composition of radiocesium using gamma-spectometry and autoradiograph imaging plate and lastly,
physiological characteristic of selected group of plant in in vitro study. As a part of this research plan objectives aretrying to explore the extent of radioactive accumulation by selected plants and to examine the possibility of tissue
culture technology that have been widely used for rapid multiplication of elite plants either through the process of
direct plant regeneration from cultured explants or from callus and cell suspension. The expected result of thisresearch plan is to find the relation between the type of plant and their distribution in the environment, radioactive
accumulation and their physiological characteristic in in vivo and in vitro studies. The hypothesis of this study will
includes to determine the relationship between radionuclides accumulation and adherence or adsorption of selectedgroup of plants and to identify the subsequent impacts of radiation toward the selected group distribution in theecosystems. Hence, this research plan is try to understand the plant characteristic and distribution by focusing on
the possible potential such as its adsorption and adherence capabilities to help in phytoremediation process. In this
symposium, I am going to introduce my previous studies on the callus introduction from Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma
longifolia Jack), a tree species commonly found in the tropical rain forest in SE Asia, and discuss the application of
callus introduction for the plant species that I am planning to investigate at Fukushima region.

II - 2

３
VERIFICATION OF THE IMRT AND VMAT PLANS
USING HIGH DOSE RATE MODE BEAMSYen Hwa Lin, Shuichi Ozawa, Uranchimeg Tsegmed, Takeo Nakashima,
Tomoki Kimura and Yasushi Nagata
Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health
Sciences, Phoenix Leader Education Program, Hiroshima University, Japan
Abstract
Purpose of study: To verify the Intensity Modulate Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and Volumetric
Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) technique for lungand liver cancers using high dose rate mode (flattening filter free: FFF) of TrueBeam (Varian Inc).
Methodology: IMRT and VMAT treatment planning parameters (speed of MLC, speed of gantry
rotation, MU per gantry angle) were optimized using Pinnacle3 Planning System to make each beamirradiated within a single breath hold as long as 15 seconds. The dose distribution of the planned
treatment was verified on phantom using Gafchromic film, ionization chamber and 2D-array, and thequality assurance (QA) passing rate base on gamma-index was determined. The actual irradiation
time was measured.
Results: SBRT for lung and liver cancers seemed to be possible within 15 seconds of an exhalation
breath hold. As a result, it could minimize the impact on the dose distribution caused by the
reproducibility of tumor position. The irradiation time of IMRT and VMAT treatments using FFF
mode could be achieved within 15 seconds and an acceptable dose distribution was obtained
without deteriorating the QA pass rate.
Conclusion: Treatment planning using high dose rate mode enabled shorter irradiation time andhigher reliability. The use of FFF beam is promising in the clinical settings.

II - 3

４
Relationship between FKTN gene expression in gastric cancer
and radiation exposure of atomic bomb survivors
Pham Thi Binh Trang, Htoo Zarni Oo, Kazuhiro Sentani, Takuya Hattori,
Shoichiro Mukai, Naohiro Uraoka, Naohide Oue, Wataru Yasui
Department of Molecular Pathology,
Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences

Gastric cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in the world. It is regarded as one of the radiation-induced
malignancies with increasing incidence although atomic bomb accident happened 68 years ago. According to
RERF (Radiation Effects Research Foundation), estimation of gastric cancer development involves increased
dose of radiation exposure, and the excess relative risks per Gy were 1.20 for mortality and 1.32 for incidence. To
identify genes over-expressed in gastric cancer, we utilize Escherichia coli ampicillin secretion trap (CAST)
method which is a powerful tool for novel cancer biomarkers. Using gastric cancer cell lines in comparison withnormal stomach, random-primed cDNA libraries are generated. By this method, FKTN (Fukutin) has been
identified. This is the first analysis on the expression of fukutin protein in gastric cancers among atomic-bomb
survivors and the radiation dose response, using immunohistochemistry. We found that FTKN expression was
downregulated in high-dose exposed patients than low-dose exposed patients (p<0.0001). In addition, its
expression was significantly associated with differentiated type of gastric cancer. The result suggested that FTKN
gene has a possible relationship with radiation dose exposure and gastric cancer among atomic bomb survivors
and we intend to examine additional gastric cancer cases and the underlying mechanism.

II - 4

５
Identification of ZDHHC14 by CAST method and its significancein scirrhous-type gastric cancer
Htoo Zarni Oo 1, Naoya Sakamoto1, Naohiro Uraoka1, Katsuhiro Anami1,
Kazuhiro Sentani1, Naohide Oue1, Takashi Oshima2, Kazuyoshi Yanagihara3,
Wataru Yasui1
1

Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences2

Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center3

National Cancer Center, Japan

Scirrhous-type gastric cancer (GC) is highly aggressive and has a worse prognosis because of its rapid cancer
cell infiltration, accompanied by extensive stromal fibrosis and frequent peritoneal dissemination. Escherichia
coli ampicillin secretion trap (CAST) method is a powerful technique to identify novel genes that encode
secreted or transmembrane proteins. The gene expression profiles were analyzed in GC cell lines, establishedfrom scirrhous variant, HSC-44PE and highly metastatic cell line 44As3 derived from HSC-44PE. In
comparison with normal stomach CAST cDNA library, cancer specific genes were segregated. Among thecandidate genes, Zinc finger, DHHC-type containing 14 (ZDHHC14) showed higher clone count in 44As3 thanin HSC-44PE library. High level of ZDHHC14 expression was observed in 27% of GC samples by qRT-PCR.
Cell invasion assay and adhesion assay revealed that ZDHHC14 influenced the invasion and adhesive capacityof GC cells. The overexpression of ZDHHC14 was significantly associated with depth of tumor invasion,
undifferentiated histology and scirrhous pattern, examined in 123 surgically resected GC tissues by qRT-PCR.
Forced expression of ZDHHC14 activated gastric cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro. ZDHHC14
identified by CAST method, might be a candidate therapeutic target and supposed to be associated with
substrates linked to dissemination cascade of scirrhous GC.

II - 5

The utility of microRNA expression as a potential marker forradiation - associated gastric cancer
Yutaka Naito, Naoya Sakamoto, Naohiro, Uraoka, Kazuhiro Sentani,
Naohide Oue, Wataru Yasui
Department of Molecular Pathology
Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences

In the present study, we analyzed expression profile of microRNAs (miRNAs) in gastric cancers(GCs) among atomic-bomb survivors by miRNA microarray and identified 6 miRNAs (miR-21, 24,
34a, 106a, 143, 145) with higher expression in GCs from exposed cases in comparison with thosefrom non-exposed cases. We investigated whether these miRNAs are useful as potential markers
for radiation-associated GC. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed that levels of miR-143 andmiR-145 were significantly higher in exposed GC cases than in non-exposed GC cases. We also
investigated the function of miR-143/miR-145 cluster in GC. miR-143 and miR-145 wereexpressed at higher levels in normal fibroblast or cancer-associated fibroblast cell lines than in
GC cell lines, indicating that major source of miR-143/miR-145 in cancer tissues is derived fromstromal fibroblast rather than cancer cells. Furthermore, functional analysis showed thatmiR-143 and miR-145 might regulate collagen type III and-SMA expression in fibroblast celllines, respectively. These data suggest that miR-143/miR-145 cluster is putative marker ofradiation-associated GC. Now, we are also investing other miRNAs about their role inradiation-association GC cases and the study currently is in progress.

II - 6

Current research plan for improving victims’ physical fitness and quality of life
Nobuaki Moriyama, PT, Yukio Urabe, PhD, PT, Noriaki Maeda, PhD, PT
The Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University

Backgroundtheir physical ability

Minamisoma City in Fukushima Prefecture wasMaterials and Methods

strongly affected by the radiation disaster after

Expected subjects are victims living at temporary

the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11,

housings or their houses in Minamisoma City.

2011. We, graduate students of Phoenix Leader

In this research, Elderly status assesment set

Education Program have learnt what kind of(E-SAS) which was advocated by the Japanese

problems

short-term

Physical Therapy Association will be used as a scale

fieldwork in August 2013. Especially in termsof life space of subject. E-SAS has six items which

of health condition of victims, some of residents

maeasure not only their life space but also theirat temporary housings said that they had lessabilities of their daily life. Additionally, E-SAS isopportunity to go outside and work, and got theirhelpful for subjects to recognize their present status

fitness worse. It is well known that change ofas an enternalizaed and visualized data.

their life style or circumstances which surround

The outcome of our intervention will be evaluatedthem due to the disaster may cause the problem

by comparing E-SAS scores of each subject before

that they decrease their ability of basic motion

and after intervention.

such as standing up, safe walking, taking a bath,

Details of research method are under planning.

etc.

This research is based on the belief that regulation

Purposeof physical exercise for victims may help them toremainthere

through

It is necessary to clarify whether the change inmaintain their fitness and life space.

victims’ life after the radiation disaster influence

Expected result

those living spaces, and to take drastic measures

The outcomes of intervention for victims offor improving victims’ physical fitness. Therefore

radiation disaster haven’t been reported yet. The

authors plan to execute the research that becomes

result obtained from this research may contribute to

the help for victims. The purpose of this researchestablish how we should support to take care foris as follows:

victims, as especially frail elderlies.

1) To clarify whether victims who were
obliged to change their life style may
decrease their chances to go outside andtheir physical abilities
2) To provide victims opportunities to do
exercise according to the outcome to improve

II - 7

８
The evaluation of ionization chamber sensitivity with neutron

by monitoring dose in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
THANH TAT NGUYEN 1), KENICHI TANAKA 2), TSUYOSHI KAJIMOTO 1),
CHIEN CONG NGUYEN 1)＊, SATORU ENDO 1)
1) Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University
2) Center of Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University*Present affiliation: Engineering Dept., Quantum Equipment Division, S.H.I, ltd.

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is one of techniques of cancer treatment which use of highlinear energy transfer (LET) particles. In principle, BNCT is based on the boron neutron capture
reaction 10B(n,α)7Li with boron chemicals concentrated to tumor cells. These α particle and 7Li nuclei
have short ranges in tissue (~9μm and 5μm respectively) of which are similar to the diameter of a cell
nucleus. Therefore, treatment dose could be concentrated to tumor cells. In Hiroshima University, theaccelerator with a Li target covered by Be has been considered as the BNCT neutron source. This target
was designed with diameter Φ120mm, thickness 20µm and 100µm of Be cover and Li respectively.
In BNCT, it is necessary to determine the boron neutron dose, gamma ray dose, and fast neutron dosein tumor and also normal cells while treatment irradiation. Especially, monitor for boron neutron dose totumor is important for the appropriate treatment. There are various the techniques to carry out thistask such as activate gold foil; however gold activation method cannot monitor the dose components
above while irradiation. Therefore the triple chambers method which is able to monitor each dosecomponents while irradiation is proposed in this research. This method uses three ionization chambers
correspond with their function as C-CO2 for gamma-ray dose determination, a TE-TE for fast neutronand gamma-ray dose determinations, boron loaded TE-TE ionization chambers (TEB-TE) for total dose
including a boron neutron dose determination. The principle of these ionization chambers are based onratio of kerma from the wall to gas of calibration radiation field with interested radiation field, thisratio is called sensitivity, each ionization chamber has different sensitivity with fast neutron, thermal
neutron and gamma ray. Through method, instead of direct calculation of boron neutron dose in tumor,
the sensitivities of ionization chambers with neutron and gamma ray will be determined.
To obtain the sensitivities kT, kU, hT, hU, kB, hB, αB (k, h, α are sensitivity of fast neutron, gamma andboron neutron respectively; subscriptions of T, U, B for TE-TE chamber, C-CO2 chamber and TEB-TE
chamber respectively), a Monte Carlo code, PHITS is used for obtaining spectra of recoil particles
produced by neutrons and secondary electrons produced by gamma-rays in the cavity of ionizationchambers, the average energy produces ion pair (W) is calculated, besides that base on the neutron andgamma ray spectra, kerma ratio is also determined. Since, the sensitivities are calculated by applying
these W value and kerma ratio value. The sensitivity of fast neutron in TE-TE chamber and C-CO2
chamber in this research are checked with mono-energic neutrons and the neutrons from 252Cf source.
The calculation results show consistencies with the previously accumulated data by researchers. Hence,
this method can be applied for calculating with the neutron and gamma-ray mixed field from theHiroshima University target. The obtained sensitivity results are kT = 0.964, hT = 0.992. The
calculation results for the C-CO2 ionization chamber are kU = 0.03, hU = 1.002. The calculation results ofsensitivities of all radiation components in TEB-TE ionization chamber with the various 10B
concentrations. The sensitivities of fast neutron component and gamma-ray component in TEB-TE
chamber are the same with those of the values for TE-TE chamber: kB and hB to be equal 0.965 and0.992, respectively. The αB values respect to 10B concentrations show a small dependence which valuesof αB are 0.876, 0.862 and 0.863 for 10, 50 and 100 ppm of boron concentration respectively. The
calculation results have good reliability with uncertainty of total absorbed dose is around 5 percent.

II - 8９Migration process of radiocesium to deeper part of soil in deciduous forests
in Fukushima
M. Takada1, Y. Oba1, W.I. Nursal1, K. Shizuma2, T. Yamada1, T. Okuda1
1

Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University

2

Graduate School of Engineering

Transfer process of radioactive materials in the environment should be revealed when radiation disasteroccurs. In the case of the Fukushima accident, huge amount of radiocesium was deposited in forest areas. Soon
after the accident, radiocesium may have deposited on litter on the forest floor, and then will move into deeper
part of the soil over time. The objective of this study is to reveal migration process of radiocesium from litter todeeper part of the soil (10 cm depth from surface of soil) in secondary deciduous forest in Fukushima,
investigating temporal change of radiocesium amount in litter, surface soil (0 – 5 cm) and deeper soil (5 – 10cm) for several years. This is the progress report. The study site consists of six plots placed in Minami Soma,
Soma and Iitate regions of Fukushima prefecture. The forests are secondary deciduous forest dominated by
Quercus serrata, Quercus crispula, Acer pictum and Acer rufinerve, mixed with some coniferous evergreen
species; Abies firma, Pinus densiflora and Cryptomeria japonica. One sample set consists of litter, surface soil
and deeper soil. From 8 to 24 sample sets were collected at one study site. Field surveys were conducted inAugust and December 2013. The samples were dried and then measured by a germanium detector (GEM Series
HPGe Coaxial Detector System). The amounts of radiocesium in litter, surface soil and deeper soil at six plotsin August 2013 were 32 – 346 kBq/kg, 2 – 22 kBq/kg, and 0.3 – 11 kBq/kg, respectively. This result indicatesthat large amount of the radiocesium still remains in litter even though two and a half years have passed after
the accident. With the assumption that radiocesium would not move at each layer, it will take approximately 80
years to be reduced to one-tenth of the amount of radiocesium. While, with the assumption that radiocesium
deposited on litter moves into deeper part of the soil over time, decrease speed of radiocesium amount in litteris thought to be faster than only physical decay speed. In the case of deeper soil, decrease speed of radiocesium
amount is thought to be slower than physical decay speed due to input of radiocesium from upper parts.

II - 910
Relationship between Metal Ion Concentration and Microbial Mat
Activity in Higashi-Hiroshima Campus, Hiroshima University
Atsushi SASAI1), Kazuki KOGA2), Hiroki YASUHARA2),and Satoru NAKASHIMA3)
1) Faculty of Science, Hiroshima University
2) Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University3) Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University
We have studied environmental radioactivity of the water sample in Higashi-HiroshimaCampus, Hiroshima University to check that radioactive nuclides discharged from the radiating
facility of Hiroshima University are extremely low compared with regulation values. In thecourse of the study, we observed an interesting seasonal change of the environmental
radioactivity in the sewage sample. It was suggested that the coexisting chemical substances or
microorganisms affect the change of environmental radioactivity. On the other hand, brownish
yellow microbial mats are growing at the pond and river in Higashi-Hiroshima Campus,
Hiroshima University.
biomineralization.

The microbial mats capture iron hydroxides produced throughIn the present study, we studied the relationship between metal ion

concentration and microbial mat activity in the water samples of Higashi-Hiroshima Campus,
Hiroshima University.
The microbial mats were collected from Higashi-Hiroshima Campus. We succeeded in taking
an electron micrograph of the microbial mats. EDX revealed that they contain some iron,aluminum, silicon and phosphorus. We measured iron ion concentrations in water of twelve
sample points with and without microbial mats. Iron ion concentrations for sample points withmicrobial mats are higher than those for sample points without microbial mats. We performed
adsorption experiment. The autoclaved microbial mats discharged some potassium ion in thepotassium solution, while the non-autoclaved microbial mats adsorbed potassium ion in thepotassium solution. The result suggests that the living microbial mats adsorb potassium ion,while the dead microbial mats desorb potassium ion.

II - 10

11
Corporate Social Strategy for the Reconstruction ofRadiation Disaster Areas
Kazumi Sera
Graduate Student, Graduate School of Social Sciences, Hiroshima University

ObligationLegal
responsibility

Charity & stewardship
Institutional
Philanthrop
responsibilityyBackground
Sustainable works are important in the area reconstruction affected by radiation disasterof the Great East Japan Earthquake.
Business continuity and corporate social responsibility are required for corporations as well. Some companies
have started product development and contribute to town rehabilitation in pursuit of economic and social needs
at the same time.
Study Purpose
The purpose of this report is to clarify the reconstruction strategy for disaster areas, which seek economic andsocial needs at the same time, from the viewpoint of corporate social strategy.
MethodThe corporate social strategy is defined, and the case of Toyota Motor Corporation (Toyota) using the specificframework will be analyzed (Fig.1).
Toyota’s activities for disaster area reconstruction are confirmed, from the viewpoint of the philanthropy,
business, and philosophy, by using framework as shown in Fig.1, and the relationship among activities isanalyzed, which clarifies the actual situation of the corporate social strategy.
Results
Vision and philosophy
Toyota’s activities to respond to the Great East Japan“Always better cars” “Enriching lives of communities”
Earthquake as social issues are confirmed as follows;（“Toyota Global Vision” March, 2011 ）DE(1)Philanthropy for contribute to profitable business“Kokoro Hakobu Project” Establish the Toyota East Japan(Fig.1 B, C, D, E cells)
for disaster relief
Technical Skills Academy,
In the Tohoku region Toyota has the manufacturing
Develop human resourcebase of Toyota’s compact cars, and proceeds
BC
philanthropy (D cell) and "Enriching lives ofHybrid vehicle,
Agriculture-commerce-indus
Manufacture oftry collaboration project，
communities" from three directions below.
automobiles in Toyota
Energy, housing and①Monozukuri: Manufacture of automobiles in
Motor East Japan, Inc.，
town-making concepts using
Build industrial
hybrid technology,
Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc.(B cell), Cultivate
infrastructures
A smart mobility society
vegetables by business collaboration among
concepts using safety andagriculture, commerce, and industry(C cell).
communication technology
A②Developing human capability: Establish theLegal responsibilities
Toyota East Japan Technical Skills Academy, anddevelop human resources (E cell).
③Developing the areas: Build competitive industrial
Outside current profitableinfrastructures that prevent low-carbon andCurrent profitable businessbusinessdisaster (B cell).
Fig.1 Toyota’s disaster areas reconstruction activities(2) Profitable business contributing to the society
Source: Produced by the author(Fig.1 B, C cells)
Make the concepts of energy, housing and town-making, which have core technology of the hybrid that
Toyota has developed, and make a smart mobility society in the future which has core technology of thesafety and communication (C cell). These activities aim to “Always better cars” (B cell).
As a result of the analytical work using the framework explained above, Toyota is gaining competitiveness by
the Toyota’s strengths such as manufacturing and hybrid technologies (B, C cells). These activities are connectedwith human resources and local economy developments (C, D, E cells).
Some of corporate social strategies are clarified, that could solve social issues and gain competitivenessthrough the work of (1) and (2) altogether.
Conclusion
Toyota’s activities for disaster area reconstruction are analyzed using the framework of Fig.1. Then, corporatesocial strategies are clarified, which could achieve the economic and social needs at the same time.
As a result of these analyze, corporate social strategy could be found, that is overcoming the social issues andgaining competitiveness, by connecting with corporate’s strengths and philanthropy.

II - 11

12
Sero-epidemiological Study on hepatitis viral infection among school
students in Cambodia
Mayumi Fujimoto1, Hiroko Yamada1, Tomoyuki Akita1, Olline.Lim2,
Sirany.Hok2, Junko Matsuo1, Yuko Go1, Son Huy Do1, Noboru Goto3, Keiko
Katayama1, Somana Svay2, Junko Tanaka1
1Departmentof Epidemiology Infectious Disease Control and Prevention,
Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences
2 Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
3Department of Management Studies, Graduate School of Social Sciences, Hiroshima University[Aim] We investigated the prevalence of hepatitis B virus(HBV) and hepatitis C virus(HCV)
among school students in Cambodia.
[Method] Sero-epidemiological survey was performed in Sasar Sdam Elementary School in Siem
Reap province, Cambodia, in Feb. 2011, Feb. 2012 and June 2013 among the 3rd grade students.
With written consent from parents, questionnaire survey and hepatitis screening were done.
Questionnaire was consisted of potential factors of hepatitis viral infection. Hepatitis viralmarkers, quantity of HBV DNA and HCV RNA, and genotyping were tested. This study isapproved by the ethical committee of Hiroshima University and that of Ministry of Health inCambodia.
[Results] Total number was 230, 103 males(44.8%) and 127 females(55.2%). Age distributed from
7 to 14 (average age: 9.2±1.1 y.o). HBsAg positive cases were 7 (3.0%, 95%CI: 0.8-5.3%). They
were all positive for HBV DNA, 6 of them were genotype C. Anti-HBc was positive in 27 cases(11.7%, 95%CI:7.6-15.9%) and anti-HBs was positive in 38 cases (16.5%, 95%CI: 11.7-21.3%).
Only one case (0.4%, 95%CI: 0.0-1.3%) was positive for anti-HCV, but HCV RNA was not detected.
Risk factors of HBV and HCV infection will be analyzed with multivariate logistic regression.
[Conclusion] Prevalence of HBV carrier was 3.0%, and 77.4% of students were negative for all
HBV markers. We need to clarify the pathway of hepatitis viral infection by incidence survey andmake the appropriate strategy to prevent Cambodian children from hepatitis viral infection.

II - 12

13
Individual difference of radiosensitivity detected by cytokinesis-block micronucleus
assay

Ekaterina Royba, Silvia Natsuko Akutsu, Tatsuo Miyamoto, and Shinya Matsuura
Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, RIRBM, Hiroshima University

The Fukushima nuclear power plant accident has increased the social anxiety to radiation damages on human body. The
current system of radiological protection is uniformly established to the public, whereas it is important for the radiation risk
communication to evaluate the individual radiosensitivity.
DNA double strand-breaks (DSBs) induced by ionizing radiation are recognized and fixed by the DNA repair system.
Dampened DNA repair system causes chromosomal aberrations and cell death to induce acute and/or chronic radiation
syndromes. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay is a highly sensitive detection method for cellular radiosensitivity, which
is based on a cellular event that when cells with unrepaired DSBs enter to mitotic phase, micronuclei form during telophase.
Previous studies using peripheral blood lymphocytes suggested that the individual differences of radiosensitivity exist in
human populations and DNA repair gene variants are the major determinant.

To verify that DNA repair gene variants are indeed involved in individual difference of radiosensitivity, we studied
radiation-induced micronucleus formation in B cell lines established from patients with radiation hypersensitive disorder,
Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS), caused by germline mutations of NBS1 gene, and compared with the cells from theirfamily members. Cells from a normal individual (NBS1+/+) showed no appreciable increase of micronucleus formation,
whereas cells from the patients (NBS1-/-) exhibited a much increase after irradiation. Cells from the heterozygous carriers(NBS1+/-) all showed intermediate response between a normal individual and the NBS patients. These results imply that thevariations on DNA repair genes might underlie the heterogeneity of radiosensitivity in human populations.

II - 13

14
Hepatitis B and C virus infections among the general population in the South ofVietnam: seroprevalence, genotypic distribution and risk factors.
Son Huy Do 1, 2, Hiroko Yamada1, Mayumi Fujimoto1, Tomoki Sato1, Terumi Kaishima1,
Toshihiko Matsuoka1, Toshiko Fujii1, Masayuki Ohisa1, Yuko Go1, Junko Matsuo1, Keiko
Katayama1, Nhon Van Nguyen2, Junko Tanaka1
1. Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention,
Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
2. Department of Health of Binh Thuan Province, Binh Thuan, Vietnam.
Introduction: Liver cancer, which is the most frequent cause of cancer death in Vietnam, are predominantly
attributed to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. Therefore, we investigeted HBVand HCV infections for seroprevalence, genotypic distribution and risk factors among the general population in
Binh Thuan, a province located in the South of Vietnam, for planning preventive strategies against these
infections.
Methods: Our sero-epidemiological study consisted of questionnaire survey on some characteristics and risk
factors, and serologic testing for determining HBV and HCV infections. Sample size was calculated based on
the anticipated rate of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) of 20.0%. Subjects were randomly sampled using
multistage method. Subsequently, about 6 months later, initial subjects were partly recruited and tested again in
confirmation survey for differentiating acute from persistent HBV infection among HBsAg-positive individuals,
as well as detecting incident HBsAg-positive cases and HCV infections among susceptible persons. This study
was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hiroshima University and that of Department of Health of Binh
Thuan Province. Informed consents were obtained from all participants.
Results: Totally 509 participants, including 230 males (45.2%) and 279 females (54.8%), were enrolled. Age
distribution ranged from 20 to 81 years old.
Prevalences of HBsAg, HBsAb and HBcAb were 15.3% (95% CI: 12.2-18.5%), 60.3% (95% CI:
56.0-64.6%) and 71.7% (95% CI: 67.8-75.6%), respectively. Most of HBV DNA-positive sera were classified
as genotype B (58/77; 75.3%), and C (9/77; 11.7%). Of HBsAg-positive subjects, 96.7% (29/30) werepersistently infected and one acutely HBV infected person was identified in confirmation survey.
HBsAg-positivity incidence was 0 (95% CI: 0-29.5 per 100 person-years). Multivariate analysis found that
HBsAg positivity was associated to age of 50 or over (OR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1-0.6, p<0.001), fishermen (OR: 3.5,
95% CI: 1.1-10.1, p<0.05) and family history of liver disease (OR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.7-5.2, p<0.0001).
Prevalences of anti-HCV and HCV RNA were 3.4% (95% CI: 1.7-4.9%) and 1.8% (95% CI:
0.6-2.9%), respectively. HCV genotype 6a was prominent (5/9; 55.6%). HCV incidence was 0 (95% CI: 0-4.9
per 100 person-years). Multivariate analysis indentified that anti-HCV positivity was related to age of 50 orover (OR: 9.2, 95% CI: 1.6-175.7, p<0.005).
Conclusion: In Vietnam, HBV and HCV infections are highly endemic with the predominance of HBVgenotype B and HCV genotype 6a. HBV acquisition in early childhood is essential whereas horizontal HBVtransmission in adulthood is also important.

II - 14

15
Function of RAD18 on radioresponse
Yanbin Xu¹, Megumi Sasatani¹, Hidehiko Kawai², Kenji Kamiya¹.
1Department of Experimental Oncology, 2Department of MolecularRadiobiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine,
Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.

DNA damage can be induced by environmental insult as well as endogenous metabolism. To maintaingenome integrity, the cells have evolved various DNA repair systems. Post- replication repair is one of therepair systems and referred to as DNA damage tolerance. Post-replication repair pathway can bypassed DNA
lesions to restart DNA replication without removing the DNA damage. This process involves templateswitching and translesion DNA synthesis. RAD6-RAD18 complex plays the important role to regulate its
pathway. It has been reported that absence of RAD18 sensitize to a variety of DNA damaging agents such as
ionizing radiation and display enhanced genomic instability.
In this study, in order to better understand the role of post-replication repair on radioresponse and its
molecular mechanisms, the cellular responses to ionizing radiation were investigated using RAD18 knockdown
human cell line.
Our results demonstrated that RAD18 contributes to signal transduction pathway after radiation exposure. It
is assumed that post-replication repair plays a critical role to maintain genomic stability after radiation
exposure.

II - 15

16
One Consideration Concerning Migration Pathway of Radioactive
Materials from FDNPP to Ishikari Bay
Yasushi Nabae1) and Satoru Nakashima2)
1) Radioactivity Environmental Protection Course, Phoenix Leader Education
Program for Renaissance from Radiation Disaster, Hiroshima University
2) Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University

On March 11, 2011, East Japan great earthquake disaster occurred. The Fukushima Daiich
Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) suffered greatly from tsunami as it, and caused a hydrogen gas
explosion. Thereafter, a large quantity of radioactive material leaked to the atmosphere and theocean. Fukushima prefecture was polluted by the plume. The plume went to northwest from
FDNPP first, and then went to southwest through Naka-Dori, and the ocean was also polluted.
The pollution with the radioactive material caused serious damage. The pollution of ocean was
not homogeneous. Interesting point is that the 134Cs was detected in Ishikari Bay and theradioactivity was 1.9 mBq/L. In the present study, we discussed the possibility of migration
pathway of radioactive materials from FDNPP Ishikari Bay.
There are several possibilities of the migration pathways. The first possibility is via air. But
this possibility will be denied from the route of plume.

The second possibility is that theradioactive materials in Pacific Ocean passed through the Tsugaru Strait and reached Ishikari
Bay. But this possibility is also denied because the mean sea level of the Japan Sea is higher by
25cm than a mean sea level of the Pacific.1) Therefore it is always an east current.

Our

assumption is that the radioactive material firstly reached Japan Sea via river and then reached
Ishikari Bay. One of the possibilities is Agano River from Fukushima to Japan Sea, and thenthe 134Cs reached Ishikari Bay along the Tsushima Current.
134Cs is accumulated in the soils under Agano River.2) This soil does not elute cesium in thewater. However, when this soil is in the seawater, it elutes 3.5％ of cesium.3) There is no 134Cs
outside of Tsushima Current in Japan Sea. This is the reason why 134Cs reached Ishikari Bay
along the Tsushima Current. We are now considering the stream of 134Cs from a quantitative
point view.
1) http://www1.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/KANKYO/TIDE/enkan/Suijun_hyo/Pub.No741/index.pdf,
accessed on December 23, 2013.
2) http://www.pref.niigata.lg.jp/housyanoutaisaku/1339016506464.html, accessed on December
23, 2013.
3) http://www.scopenet.or.jp/main/research/pdf/h25/h25hapyou1.pdf, accessed on December 23,
2013.

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17
Approaches to Effective Decision-Making among Multi-groups with
Conflicting Interests
Fumie YAMAGUCHI, Kiriko SAKATA
Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University
In life, people usually belong to groups, and intergroup conflicts arise between groups. Over theyears, intergroup relationships and conflicts have been investigated in social psychology.
Especially, causes and solutions of intergroup conflicts have been examined. Conflicts of interest
between multiple-groups are unavoidable in life and if the cause of a problem remains unsolved,
groups have to seek solutions, or settle the problem through confrontation.

The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident is one example of a conflict in which
many groups had to face and resolve different problems, in spite of having different conflicts ofinterest between the groups. There are a variety of groups with conflicting interests in theprocess of recovery from the radiation disaster, including the State, municipalities, privatecompanies, local society, and families, among others. Conflicts between groups may interfere withrecovery, and therefore, groups are required to resolve conflicts by removing the causes ofconflicting interests, or deal with the issues arising from conflicting interests.

Although causes of conflicts have been discussed in previous studies on intergroup conflicts, inthis study, we have focused primarily on the methods of dealing with solutions for conflicts andinvestigated the effective decision-making process of multiple groups with conflicting interests.

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18
Roles of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in septic andtrauma patients
Ho Minh Van, Nobuyuki Hirohashi, Kong Weng Sheng*,Yasuto Kanno*,
Koichi Tanigawa
Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine,*Department of Immunology, Hiroshima University
Background: Sepsis is a serious medical condition characterized by systemic inflammatory response
syndrome (SIRS) caused by infection. Uncontrolled inflammatory responses to infection result in thecollapse of the cardiovascular function, leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) anddeath. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are danger signals, which are released
during SIRS, and stimulate macrophages to produce IL-1β which is an important mediator of theinflammatory response. DAMPs are involved in a variety of cellular activities including cell proliferation,differentiation, and apoptosis.
Purpose: To investigate DAMPs activities in the serum of septic and trauma patients.
Material and Method: Patients admitted to the ICU of Hiroshima University Hospital were enrolled.
Serums of the patients on admission were analyzed for DAMPs activity at the Immunology department
where researchers were blinded to the clinical data. DAMPs activity assays used THP-1 derived
macrophages, which provide a well characterized DAMPs-induced secretion model of IL-1β. THP-1
cells were treated with PMA for differentiation. Cells were treated with serums of the patients. Cell
culture medium was used for detection of IL-1β by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Result: Twenty patients participated in this study. The mean concentrations of IL-1β in septic andtrauma patients were 252.6±59.1 and 317.2±61.1 (pg/mL) respectively. We also measured theconcentration of IL-1β in macrophages stimulated by Monosodium Urate (MSU) as positive control,
which was 618.4±14.3 (pg/mL).

As negative control, the concentration of IL-1β produced byuntreated THP-1 was 417.7±99.0 (pg/mL).
Conclusion: In this preliminary experiment, DAMPs activities could not be detected in the serum of
the ICU patients on admission. Interestingly, the concentrations of IL-1β in septic and trauma
patients were less than that of negative control. These results indicated that serum factors of thesepatients might have the inhibitory effects on macrophage activation.

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19
Risk factors for hepatitis viral infections (HBV, HCV) among adults
in Cambodia based on the sero-epidemiological study.
Hiroko Yamada1, Mayumi Fujimoto1, Masayuki Ohisa1, Olline Lim2,
Sirany Hok2,Junko Matsuo1, Yuko Go1, Son Huy Do1, Noboru Goto3,
Keiko Katayama1, Somana Svay2, Junko Tanaka1
1.Department of Epidemiology Infectious Disease Control and Prevention,
Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences
2.Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
3.Department of Management Studies, Graduate School of Social Sciences,
Hiroshima University
Aim: We investigated the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections onseroprevalence, genotypic distribution and risk factors among adults of general population in
Cambodia. Based on the results, we aim to consider the prevention strategy in cooperation with
Ministry of Health in Cambodia.
Methods: Sero-epidemiological study, which consisted of questionnaires and taking blood samples
for determining HBV and HCV infections, was performed 4 times from 2010 to 2012 among thegeneral population over the age of 18 in Siem Reap province in Cambodia. Statistical analyses were
performed to clarify the possible risk factors related to HBV and HCV infections.
Results: Total participants were 483 adults, including 194 males (40.2%) and 289 females (59.8%).
Age distribution was from 18 to 89 years old as of 2012. The prevalence of HBs Ag was 4.6%
(22/483; [95% CI: 2.7-6.4%]) and HBV DNA were classified as genotype C (22/22). On the other
hand, the prevalence of HCV RNA was 2.3% (11/483; [0.95-3.6%]) and they were classified as
genotype 6 [6f (3), 6e (2), 6s (1)] (6/11; 54.5%), as genotype 1 (1b) (3/11; 27.3%), and 2 (18.2%) were
not determined. In a multivariate logistic regression, history of operation was significantly
associated with positivity for HBV infection (AOR: 1.9 [1.0-3.7]; p=0.0485), and history of bloodtransfusion was significantly associated with the positivity for HCV RNA (AOR: 30.8 [1.0-575.3];

p =0.0231).
Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of HBV carriers was 4.6%, and that of HCV carriers was
2.3%. Furthermore, it was suggested that history of operation and history of blood transfusion
may be a potential risk factor for HBV infection and HCV infection, respectively. It is necessary to
encourage vaccination against HBV and increase the safety of medical treatment for preventionof HBV and HCV infections.

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20
Their talkings were accompanied by negative feelings: a qualitative study
with Japanese atomic bomb survivors.
Kazuhiro Watanabe and Yasumasa Otsuka
Department of Psychology, Graduate school of Education,
Hiroshima University[Background and Purpose]
Atomic bomb survivors were injured by the bomb blast and following radioactivity not only
physically but also psychologically. They had various negative feelings such as anxiety for theirhealth, their children, and other (Hamatani, 2005). In this study, we investigated what words
they used when talking to their atomic bombing experience with negative feelings and how thosewords were related one another, including interviewing data from the Hiroshima and Nagasaki
atomic bomb survivors.
[Method]
Twenty-eight talkings wereextracted

from atomic bomb

“fear”, ”anxiety”, ”worry”, or ”difficulty” in “Death in Lifesurvivorswhich

included

Survivors of Hiroshima(Lifton,1967; 2009)”. We adopted the text mining method, conducting morphological analysis andsyntactic analysis, and words which have relations with negative feelings were distilled.
Principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and correspondence analysis were conducted inorder to investigate the relationships among these words.
[Results]
We distilled 37 words from the literature.
Using these words, 13 principal components wereextracted and 10 clusters were found (Figure 1).
As a result of correspondence analysis, clusters
that especially related acute influence of theatomic bomb and the radioactivity were “Sentenceof death”, “Incomprehensive mass phenomena”,“Audio-visual memories”, “Suspicion for condition”.
Clusters that related chronic influence were “Remaining impacts”, “Eternal change”, “Disorderdue to the bomb”, “Next generations”, “Social stigmatization”, “Use of nuclears”.
[Conclusion]
Atomic bomb survivors have negative feelings for many domains. Survivors may believe that the
influence of atomic bomb and the radioactivity on their and subordinates’ health were continued
chronically. Resolving the negative feelings for atomic bomb survivors might still be importanteven around 20 years after the atomic bombings.

II - 20

21
Development of Ground Cutoff Materials Used for Coastal Disposal Facilities
For Wastes Contaminated by Radioactive Cesium
Ooki KURIHARA, Hiroki MURAKAMI, Takashi TSUCHIDA, and Taiki ABE
Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Japan
Introduction
A large amount of waste contaminated by radioactive cesium was produced in and around Fukushima by theGreat East Japan Earthquake on March 11th, 2011 and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. This study
focuses on the coastal disposal facilities which can have large area and deep depth. The purpose of this study isdeveloping the cutoff material used for coastal disposal facilities of disaster wastes or decontamination wastes
contaminated by radioactive cesium. Thus, marine clay and bentonite are focused on in this study. This study
sets up the performance targets and investigates water shielding performance and adsorption performance ofmarine clay mixed with bentonite in various proportions.
Method of test
Tokuyama clay (ρs: 2.616 g/cm3, wL: 110.6%) and bentonite (ρs: 2.898 g/cm3, wL: 510.6%) produced in
Wyoming are used in this study. The water shielding performance was valued by the hydraulic conductivity k
as showed in Eq.(1)k = c v ⋅ m v ⋅ γ w (1)where, cv is the coefficient of consolidation, mv is the coefficient of volume compressibility, and γw is the unit
weight of water obtained by the consolidation test. This test was conducted for the samples.
The adsorption capacity was also obtained by measuring the concentration of cesium after shaking thecesium solution and the clay-bentonite mixture. The shaking test is conducted for all samples.
The adsorption tests of the samples are carried out using stable cesium solution. The adsorption capacity
was measured by the constant head permeability test after the one-dimensional consolidation of 19.6 kPa
consolidation pressure. The cesium solution was flowed in the clay-bentonite mixture giving 19.4 kPa airpressure to double pipe burette. The liquid which flowed through the clay-bentonite mixture was picked up forevery 10 ml.
Results and Conclusion
1)

The hydraulic conductivity of samples decreased by adding bentonite to tokuyama clay but the target
cannot be achieved.

2)

The performance of adsorption by batch test of samples is almost coincident by adding bentonite totokuyam clay.

3)

The performance of adsorption by consolidation and permeability test decreased by adding bentonite totokuyama clay but the target is achieved.

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22
Generation and analysis of a novel model for chronic myelomonocytic leukemia(CMML) with acquired expression ofc-CBL Q367P
Yuichiro Nakata1, Takeshi Ueda1, Norimasa Yamasaki1, Akiko Nagamachi2, Keiyo Takubo3,
Yasuhiro Ebihara4, Masashi Sanada5, Seishi Ogawa5, Koichiro Tsuji4, Toshio Suda3, Toshiya
Inaba2 and Hiroaki Honda1
1Department of Disease Model, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine,

Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan

2Department of Molecular Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University,

Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan

3Department of Cell Differentiation, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.

4Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo,

Tokyo 108-8639, Japan

5Cancer Genomics Project, The University of Tokyo,

Tokyo 108-8639, Japan

c-CBL functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and negatively regulates tyrosine intracellular signaltransduction initiated by receptor tyrosine kinases. Recently, we identified c-CBL mutations in mostchronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) cases with 11q-aUPD. c-CBL is highly expressed inhematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and deficiency of c-CBL leads to augmented size of HSC pool onmouse bone marrow (Rathinam et al., 2008). These findings suggest that the dysfunction of c-CBL is
implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease, but the precise leukemogenic mechanism(s) remains
elusive.
To gain insights into this issue and to create a novel animal model for mutated c-CBL-harboring
leukemia, we generated conditional knock-in (cKI) mice that express wild-type c-CBL at steady stateand in turn express c-CBL with Q367P mutation (c-CBLQ367P) upon Cre activation.

After induced

expression of c-CBLQ367P, the cKI mice exhibited leukocytosis with a rapid expansion of myeloid
cells and a sustained elevation of peripheral myelomonocytic cells, which closely resemble
phenotype of human CMML. The spleen was massively enlarged with proliferation of immature andmature myeloid cells, and the bone marrow was hypercellular with predominance of myeloid cells.
In addition,
constitutive phospholylation of Akt was observed in long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs)
in the cKI mice. These results provide in vivo evidence that acquired expression of c-CBLQ367P
confers a proliferative advantage due to constitutive growth signal and leads to uncontrolled
proliferation of myelomonocytic cells. Our cKI mice represent a novel and useful animal model forinvestigating the leukemogenic mechanisms mediated by mutated c-CBL.

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23
Cesium penetration in mortar subject to wetting and drying
Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Japan
Masashi ITO

The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant resulted in spreading a huge amount of theradioactive cesium widely. It is important to decontaminate the radioactive cesium and dispose the radioactive
waste safely as soon as possible. This study aims to investigate the Cesium penetration in mortar subject towetting and drying. From the experimental results, in the water-saturated mortar specimens, around 80% of thepenetrated cesium in the whole area of specimens was soluble. On the other hand, in the dried specimens, 80%of the penetrated cesium was soluble only in the inner area of the specimen. In the surface, 60% of the cesium
was soluble. It was found that the cesium was transported with the water penetration or dissipating in the cyclic
dying and wetting conditions.

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24
Processing of integrin αv subunit by autophagy in squamous cell
carcinoma cells
Mirei Suematsu1, Yasutaka Hayashido3, Taishi Sakaue1, Takahiko Fujii1
Tetsuji Okamoto2
1

Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Frontier
Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University
2
Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of
Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
3
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital[Introduction]
Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors for extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, which
consist of one α subunit and one β subunit. Formation of the integrin αβ heterodimer is essential for the
expression on the cell surface and the function of integrins. There are at least 18 α-subunits and 8β-subunits, forming 24 different integrin heterodimers. Integrin αv subunit pairs with 5 different β subunits,
β1, β3, β5, β6 and β8 whereas most α subunits dimerize with only one β subunit,
Our previous study has shown that the expression of integrin β8 is regulated by ubiquitin-proteasome
system in some squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells and that the heterodimer formation with αv subunit
contributes to the stability of β8 subunit. In present study, we examined the role of autophagy inpost-translational modification of integrin αv subunit in SCC cells. In addition, the participation of theheterodimer formation with β1, β3, β5, β6 or β8subunit in the stability of αv subunit was also investigated.
[Experimental procedures]
The Integrin αv gene was subcloned into the tetracycline inducible expression vector pCDNA4/TO,
and the resultant plasmid was termed as pCDNA4/TO/αv. Human vulval SCC cell line A431, which
expresses low levels of the mRNAs for integrin αv and its partners, β1, 3, 5, 6, and 8, was transfected with
pCDNA4/TO/αv, and A431αv-on cells were isolated. Next, A431αv-on were stably transfected with the
mammalian expression vector pCI-neo containing β1, 3, 5, 6 or 8 genes, A431β1/αv-on, A431β3/αv-on,
A431β5/αv-on, A431β6/αv-on and A431β8/αv-on were isolated. Altered expression of αv protein induced
by incubation with tetracycline was examined in A431αv-on and A431αv-on transfected with the β1, 3, 5, 6
or 8 genes.
[Results]
Treatment with tetracycline for 12h induced the expression of αv protein in A431αv-on cells.
Sequential cultivation in the absence of tetracycline led to a gradual decrease in the expression of αv
protein in A431αv-on cells, and almost complete loss of αv protein was observed after 24h. The loss oftetracycline-induced αv protein in A431αv-on cells was inhibited by treatment with chloroquine, an
autophagy Inhibitor. Loss of tetracycline-induced αv protein was also observed in A431β1/αv-on and
A431β5/αv-on cells under on serial
cultivation in the absence of tetracycline.
In contrast,
tetracycline-induced αv protein in A431β3/αv-on, A431β6/αv-on and A431β8/αv-on cells was not altered.
[Conclusion]
Autophagy is involved in the regulation of expression of integrin αv subunit in SCC cells. The possibility
should be considered that αv subunit dimerized with β3, β6 or β8 subunit is resistant to autophagy. In
contrast, heterodimer formation with β1 or β5 subunit does not contribute to resistance to degradation of αv
subunit via autophagy. These findings suggest that the heterodimer β subunits play a significant role instabilizing the αv subunit. However, the exact mechanism this stabilization is unknown.

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25
Generation and maintenance of human induced pluripotent stem cells inserum-free and feeder-free culture conditions using Sendai virus vectors
Atsuko HAMADA1, Sachiko YAMASAKI1, Eri AKAGI1, Manani OHTAKA2,
Ken NISHIMURA2, Makoto NAKANISHI2, Tetsuji OKAMOTO1
1 Department of Molecular Oral

Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery Division of
Frontier Medical and Science, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences
2 Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science andTechnology(AIST)【Back ground】
We previously reported the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) fromdental pulp cells (DPCs) using hESF9 medium in serum-and feeder-free conditions. Until now, weused retrovirus vectors to integrate exogenous genes (Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc) to host genome.
However, this method of integration is a problematic for clinical applications as it includes therisk of tumorigenicity. Here we demonstrated the generation of hiPSCs from DPCs using Sendai
virus vectors (SeVdp), an RNA virus that carries no risk of altering host genome, under serumand feeder-free conditions.
【Objective】
The aim of this study was to generate iPSCs from DPCs in serum- and feeder-free defined culture
conditions using SeVdp in order to elucidate the cytokine requirements of the cells for
self-renewal and inhibit their differentiation.
【Methods and Results】
We generated hiPSCs from DPCs under serum- and feeder-free defined culture conditions using
SeVdp with four exogenous genes (Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc). These genes were expressed stably
in the cytoplasm in equimolar amounts. The hiPSCs expressed pluripotent markers such as

Oct3/4, Sox2, Nanog, Esg1, Rex-1 by RT-PCR and Oct3/4, Nanog, SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra-1-60,
Tra-1-81 by protein immunostaining, and they were able to differentiate into the three embryonicgerm layers in vivo and in vitro. The induction efficiency with Sevdp was three times higher thanthat with retrovirus in serum-free conditions.
【Conclusion】
We have successfully generated hiPS cells from human DPCs using SeVdp in serum-andfeeder-free conditions, and the induction efficiency was markedly increased. This methods allows
us to elucidate cellular responses to growth factors under defined conditions. These advantages
will help clarify molecular mechanisms of iPSCs induction. Moreover, this protocol will bebeneficial for clinical applications of iPSCs as SeVdp has no risk of integrating into the hostgenome.

II - 25

26
Reprogramming efficiencies of DPCs-derived hiPS cells with various
virus vectors in serum- and feeder-free culture conditions.
Eri AKAGI¹, Sachiko YAMASAKIi², Atsuko HAMADA¹, Yuki TAGUCHI¹, Hanae
3
3
3
MUKASA¹, Manani OHTAKA , Ken NISHIMURA , Makoto NAKANISHI ,and Tetsuji OKAMOTO²
1 Dept. of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Frontier Medical
Sciences,
Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
2 Dept. of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health
Sciences, Hiroshima University
3 Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST)BACKGROUND
We previously reported the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from dental pulp
cells (DPCs) using hESF9 medium in serum-and feeder-free conditions. hiPSCs have been generatedusing several methods, including 1) DNA-based integrative methods such as retro virus and lentivirus and2) non-integrative methods such as adenovirus, and 3) DNA-free reprogramming technologies including
RNA-based approaches like the Sendai virus (SeVdp) and 4) direct protein delivery. However,reprograming efficiency is different among these reprogramming methods.

OBJECTIVE
This study aims to compare the reprogramming efficiency of DPCs-derived hiPSCs in serum- andfeeder-free culture conditions with that in serum-supplemented culture on feeder cells condition withretroviral vectors or SeVdp.

METHODS AND RESULTS
We first tried to generate hiPSCs from DPCs with four factors (Oct3/4, Sox2, KLF-4, and c-Myc) inserum-free or serum supplemented culture conditions by using retroviral vectors. We picked the humanembryonic stem cells (hESCs)-like colonies up and continued cultivating in hESF9 on fibronectin-coateddishes (serum-free condition) or in KSR-supplemented medium on feeder cells (serum-supplemented
conditions). We evaluated the reprogramming efficiency by virtue of ALP activity. Then we generated
hiPSCs from DPCs by using SeVdp, and determined reprogramming efficiency. Using retroviral vectors,
the efficiency in serum-free culture conditions was 0.04～0.39％, and that in serum-supplemented culture
conditions 0.03～0.29％. On the other hand, using SeVdp, the efficiency in serum-free culture conditions
was 0.23～0.3％, and thatin serum-supplemented culture conditions 0.3～1.7％. The iPSCs generated inserum-free culture conditions exhibited flat colony with similar morphology to that of hES cells. These
generated hiPSCs continued to proliferate and retained the properties of self-renewal and pluripotency.
CONCLUSIONS
The reprogramming efficiency of hiPSCs with SeVdp in both serum- and feeder-free culture conditions, andserum-supplemented on feeder culture condition was higher than that with retrovirus vector. This protocol

using SeVdp in serum- and feeder-free culture will be beneficial for clinical applications of iPSCs as
Sevdp has no risk of integrating into the host genome.

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27
Regulation of DNA repair system by nuclear structure proteins
Ning-Ang Liu, Jiying Sun and Satoshi Tashiro
Department of Cellular Biology, RIRBM,
Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, JapanDNA repair plays an important role in keeping genomic integrity. Recent advances in the
research field of DNA repair have revealed the role of chromatin reorganization in the regulationof DNA damage response. However, how proteins associated with nuclear architectures are
involved in the regulation of DNA repair is unclear.
To investigate the role of nuclear architectures in DNA repair, we searched proteinsassociated with nuclear structures in the RAD51 protein complex. RAD51 is a key player inhomologous recombinational repair (HR) of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). We identified
Lamin B1, a nuclear lamina protein, in the RAD51 protein complex obtained from both irradiatedand non-irradiated human cells. The B-type lamins are important structural determinant for the
nuclear envelope as a whole, which play important roles in the structural organization andfunction of the eukaryotic cell nucleus. The depletion of Lamin B1 lead to a significant decreasein RAD51 protein levels of human cells after ionizing radiation (IR). This finding suggests that
Lamin B1 is involved in the regulation of RAD51 function following DNA damage. We conjectured
that this Lamin B1 depletion would impair RAD51 mediated HR repair after IR. To further
explore this notion, we examined the role of Lamin B1 in the RAD51 focus formation.
Immunofluorescencestaining

analysisusing anti-RAD51

antibody revealed

that

the

radiation-induced focus formation of RAD51 was significantly repressed in Lamin B1 deficient
cells compared to control cells. On the other hand, Sister Chromatid Exchange (SCE), which ismediated by HR, was significantly decreased by the depletion of Lamin B1. Taken together, thesefindings strongly suggest that Lamin B1 is involved in HR repair by regulating RAD51 function
after IR induction of DSBs.

II - 27

Abstracts
Students
Presentation
February 15, 2014
13:00~15:45
International Conference Center
Hiroshima
Room: Dahlia 1

Research plan and research progress
M. Takada
Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University

My research theme is “migration of radiocesium on deciduous forest floor in
Fukushima”, and the purpose of the research is to reveal movement of radiocesium in forest ecosystems.
Study sites of the research are six secondary deciduous forests in Fukushima region. The research consistsof three subthemes. 1) Spatial distribution of radiocesium on forest floor; to reveal distribution patternrelating to tree species and slopes. 2) Downward movement of radiocesium into deeper part of soil,
consisting of two subjects; 2-1) to calculate migration rate based on periodical monitoring, 2-2) to reveal
migration mechanism of radiocesium from soil surface to deeper part of soil by conducting an experient atstudy sites. 3) Long term prospects of soil radiocesium; to predict radiocesium concentration in soil using
compartment model based on the results of subtheme 2-2. Field survey for the subtheme1 has finished andnow survey for subtheme 2-1 and 2-2 is being conducted.
Hiroshima University Phoenix Leader Education Program provides students a lot of opportunities to
get advices from not only own supervisor but also specialists from different fields for our research withinterdisciplinary and global viewpoints. We held two times of retreats and made a presentation about ourstudy plan, receiving comments and suggestions from teachers. We also held and attended symposia on
medical, environmental and sociological topics to improve our problem-solving ability with wide
perspective.

III – 1

What is expected for the future researches
Nobuaki Moriyama
Radioactivity Social Recovery Course
The Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences

Eight of second grade students participated in the short-term field work from 19th to 23rd August, 2013
in Fukushima Prefecture. Through the fieldwork, we have learnt that victims living close to the Fukushima
Nuclear Power Plant may be affected by radiation disaster in various points of view.
Recent research indicates that risk of cerebrovascular disease in Minami-soma city may increase after
the disaster especially in a group of less than 64 aged persons, although the causes haven’t clarified wellyet. The disaster also affects their mental state. The other data shows that victims, especially children
suffer from mental stress because the radiation disaster was man-made in a sense, and they feel anxious
and their lives are limited.
We found from voice of residents at temporary housings that they feel anxious about many uncertainties.
They aren’t sure when they will be able to go back home they have lived before the disaster. They usually
can’t complaint to anybody.
Radiation disaster influences residents’ lives not only directly but also indirectly. To carry out
researches which contribute to their lives may be expected. Collaborative work with many specialists toprotect human society from radioactivity is essential.

III – 2

Track of my activities in Phoenix Leader Education
ProgramYurika Oba
Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences Hiroshima
University(Phoenix Leader Education Program: Radioactivity Environmental protection Course)
After entering this Phoenix Leader Education Program, to speak properly, my life has changed after
the great earthquake of 2011. I faced the new challenge as the reconstruction of radiation disaster. I
entered this program because I wanted to engage in the reconstruction of Fukushima. For about 1 year, I
experienced various things in this program. Today I would like to talk about following two experiences.
【The Short-term Fieldwork】
We went to Fukushima as the Short-term Fieldwork from August 19 to August 23, 2013. The
Short-Term Fieldwork was made up from the three courses: Radiation Disaster Medicine Course,Radioactivity Environmental Protection Course and Radioactivity Social Recovery Course. This time I
would like to talk about Radioactivity Environmental Protection Course and my findings on the fieldwork.
【Research Activities】
My specialty is ecology and my field is forests. Now I study about the accumulation of radiocesium
within tree bodies in Fukushima forests. In the past year, I went to the forests many times to measure air
dose or to sample the leaves of trees. It was a continuing process of trial anderror. But theseexperiences made me think anew about the important things of field survey. Important to field survey are
long-term point of view and the care that must be taken to consider seasonal variations. I will continue theresearch while I have firsthand knowledge of the organization of environment in field and get more
understanding of nature.

III – 3Field trip to the nuclear power plant and our study

Yasushi Nabae1) and Satoru Nakashima2)
1)

Radioactivity Environmental Protection Course, Phoenix Leader

Education Program for Renaissance from Radiation Disaster, Hiroshima University
2)

Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development,

Hiroshima University

Phoenix Leader Education Program involves much training and many field trips to improve a
general knowledge of the graduate students concerning a radioactivity.

In July 2013, the graduate

students and the faculty member made a field trip to the Shimane Nuclear Power Plant.
The Shimane Nuclear Power Plant started commercial operation in 1974. The third unit in the
power plant was being built at that time.

Because the nuclear reactor was under construction, we could

look at the inside of the pressure vessel.

I felt that this was a very valuable experience. The staff of thepower plant explained to us that they reinforced a breakwater, external electric power and the emergency
vehicle for tsunami protection measures. The nuclear power plant has a possibility to suffer from not
only the natural disaster but also terrorism threat. The patrol vessel and the plane of the Japan Coast
Guard guard the nuclear power plant from a terrorist.
When an accident happens, the nuclear power plant has a possibility to become in the catastrophe.
The Fukushima Daiich Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) leaked a large quantity of radioactive materials tothe atmosphere and the ocean. Important point is that the 134Cs was detected in Ishikari Bay and theradioactivity was 1.9 mBq/L.

In our study, we discussed the possibility of migration pathway ofradioactive materials from FDNPP to Ishikari Bay. There are several possibilities of the migration
pathways.

One of the possibilities is Agano River from Fukushima to Japan Sea, and then the 134Cs

reached Ishikari Bay along the Tsushima Current. 134Cs is accumulated in the soils under Agano River.
Niigata Prefecture reported that 28 Bq/kg of 134Cs was detected in the mud under Matsuura Bridge close to
the river mouth. There is no 134Cs outside of Tsushima Current in Japan Sea. We expressed ourassumption “One Consideration Concerning Migration Pathway of Radioactive Materials from FDNPP to
Ishikari Bay” on a poster.

III – 4

Medical Field Activity of Phoenix Leader Education Program
Hirotaka Nakatao
Hiroshima university phoenix leader education program student
Radiation disaster medicine course (2nd Grade)
Biomedical & Health Sciences Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery I

Radiation disaster contains great range of issues. But needless to say, most part of people are fearing theradiation effect on their body．Therefore，to understand biological or medical effects of radiation isnecessary for renaissance from radiation disaster．From this reason，Phoenix leader education program
serves a lot of activities for understanding medical commitment．In this session I’ll introduce the medical
aspect of Phoenix leader education program, especially Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training
Site (REAC/TS) training in Oak Ridge, Tennessee US. Oak Ridge was established as top secret city of
Manhattan project for developing A-bomb in 1942. Depending by this background, Oak Ridge isimportant scientific sight and has important role of radiation research. REAC/TS serve some program oftraining for radiation emergency. Our second grade LP students attended this program and got
information and drill that are very convenient for preparedness of radiation disaster.
We'll do our best with this precious experience to become a radiation disaster treatment leader.

III – 5

Functional Image-Guided Radiotherapy Planning in Stereotactic Body
Radiation Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with liver cirrhosis
Uranchimeg Tsegmed1), Tomoki Kimura1), Nakashima Takeo1) ,Yuko Nakamura2),
Toru Higaki 2), Tsuyosi Katsuta1), Nobuki Imano1) , Yoshiko Doi1), Masahiro Kenjo1) ,Yuko Kaneyasu1) , Shuichi Ozawa1) , Yuji Murakami1) , Kazuo Awai 2), Yasushi Nagata1)
1) Department of Radiation Oncology, Hiroshima University
2) Diagnostic Radiology, Hiroshima University
Purpose/Objective (s):To investigate the comparison between anatomical and functional planning of Stereotactic Body
Radiotherapy (SBRT) using Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) for Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) through dosimetric analysis.
Materials /Methods: In this study, 10 HCC patients with liver cirrhosis were selected. A gadoxetate
disodium enhanced hepatic MRI (EOB-MRI), performed before SBRT planning, showed that thefunctional liver imaging based on liver-spleen contract ratio (LSC) is the threshold ≥ 1.5 during thehepatobiliary phase.
Two respiratory-gated radiotherapy plans (48Gy/4fr) were designed and compared in for each patientas follows: 1) Plan A; anatomical IMRT plan based on the total liver; 2) Plan F; functional IMRT plan
based on the functional liver.
Dosimetric parameters that percentage of total or functional liver volume irradiated with 5-30Gy [V5,fV5 V10, fV10, V15, fV15, V20, fV20, V30, fV30], mean dose of total or functional liver [MLD, fMLD]
percentage of PTV volume received 95% of 48Gy (D95) and PTV mean dose, Monitor units (MU) for
each plan of two plans were compared in terms of avoidance of normal liver.
Results: The dosimeteric parameters which PTV D95 (mean, Plan A and Plan F: 48.0Gy, p=0.84);
monitor units (mean, Plan A: 2888 and Plan F: 3060, p=0.08) were no significant different in between twoplans. Compared with Plan A, Plan F reduced MLD (mean, Plan A: 6.6Gy and Plan F: 6.3Gy, p=0.00002)
and fMLD (mean, Plan A: 4.7Gy and Plan F: 4.2Gy, p=0.01). Furthermore upon comparison of the two
IMRT plan, Plan F reduced total liver V10 / V15 / V20 (mean, Plan A: 23% and Plan F: 20.7%, p=0.0001 /Plan A:14.1% and Plan F:12.2%, p=0.004 / Plan A:8.5% and Plan F: 8.1%, p=0.03) and functionalliver fV10 / fV15 (mean, Plan A:18.5% and Plan F:14.6%, p=0.01 / Plan A:8.4%
p=0.007)/

and Plan F:5.1%,, with a small reductions in total V5 / V30 (mean, Plan A:35.3% and Plan F:34.5%, p=0.13

Plan A:4.5% and Plan F:4.4%, p=0.08 ) and functional liver fV5 / fV20 / fV30 (mean, Plan A: 33%

and Plan F:31.3%, p=0.164 / Plan A:2.5% and Plan F:1.7%, p=0.07 / Plan A:0.06%, and Plan F:0.07%,
p= 0.83) compared with Plan A. Statistically significant reductions in total and functional liver
V10/V15/V20, fV10/fV15, MLD and fMLD were achieved in the functional image-guided IMRT plan.
Conclusions: Functional image-guided IMRT planning based on EOB-MRI appears to be effective inpreserving functional liver in liver cancer patients with liver cirrhosis.
III – 6

Graduate Student Presentation III

About the “Short Field Visit” at FUKUSHIMAGroup 1
○PHAM THI BINH TRANG○DO XUAN BIEN
ROYBA EKATERINANGUYEN TAT THANHOOKI KURIHARAGroup 2○NGUYEN THANH HAI○HO MINH VAN
LIN YEN HWASHARIFAH NABIHAH SYED OTHMANTSUJIMOTO MASAYAFUMIE YAMAGUCHIIII – 7MapofHiroshima City
and

Symposium FloorMap of Hiroshima central part
N

①

④

②

③
① Hiroshima Station② International ConferenceCenter Hiroshima
This symposium venue③ Hiroshima Peace
Memorial Museum④ Peace Memorial Park

IV - 1International Conference Center Hiroshima
Floor Guide of second basement (B2F)

Himawari

Dahlia1

Dahlia2

Himawari(2/15)

・Opening Ceremony
・Lectures

Dahlia1(2/16)
・Students
Presentation
・Reception

Dahlia2(2/16)

・Poster Session

IV - 2

Organizing committee

Director, Organization of the Leading Graduate Education Program
Toshimasa Asahara (President, Hiroshima University)
Program Director, Phoenix Leader Education Program (Hiroshima Initiative) for
Renaissance from Radiation Disaster
Tetsuji Okamoto (Executive and Vice President, Hiroshima University)
International Exchange Board
Koichi Tanigawa, Chairman of Board(Professor, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University)
Shoken Miyama(Research Professor, Resident’s Room, Hiroshima University)
Satoshi Tashiro(Professor, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine)
Yasumasa Ohtsuka(Associate Professor, Graduate School of Education)
Hironori Deguchi(Professor (Special Appointment), Graduate School of Science)
Shuji Takahashi(Associate Professor (Special Appointment), Graduate School of Science)V–1【お問い合わせ先Inquiry】

広島大学大学院リーディングプログラム機構
教育・国際室コラボレーションオフィス
フェニックスリーダー育成プログラム事務室〒739-8524 広島県東広島市鏡山 1-1-1 / Tel: 082-424-4689
The Organization of Leading Program, Hiroshima University
Collaboration Oﬃce of Education and International Oﬃce
Phoenix Leader Education program Oﬃce
1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524 Japan/ Tel: +81-82-424-4689
E-mail: phoenix-program@oﬃce.hiroshima-u.ac.jp
URL: http://www.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/lp/program/ra/