PD200 – Power Amplifier
Version 7
Manual and Specifications

PD200 V7 Manual

1Revision 1, Released, 07-02-2020

Contents
1Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 32Warnings / Notes ....................................................................................................................................... 3

3Specifications ............................................................................................................................................. 4

4Output Voltage Range................................................................................................................................ 55Output Current........................................................................................................................................... 56Voltage Limits............................................................................................................................................. 5

7

Pulse Current Option ................................................................................................................................. 68Power Bandwidth....................................................................................................................................... 7

9

Small Signal Bandwidth .............................................................................................................................. 9

10 Noise ........................................................................................................................................................ 10
11 Front Panel ............................................................................................................................................... 11
12 Rear Panel ................................................................................................................................................ 12
13 Amplifier Configuration ........................................................................................................................... 13
14 Bridged Mode .......................................................................................................................................... 14
15 Overload and Shutdown .......................................................................................................................... 15
16 Output Connections ................................................................................................................................. 15
16.1

HV Output Screw Terminals .......................................................................................................... 15

16.2

LEMO OB Cable Assembly ............................................................................................................. 16

17 Enclosure .................................................................................................................................................. 17
18 Warranty .................................................................................................................................................. 17

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1 Introduction
The PD200 is a high bandwidth, low noise linear amplifier for driving piezoelectric actuators. The output
voltage range can be unipolar, bipolar, or asymmetric from 50V to 200V. Up to +/-200V can be achieved in
the bridged configuration. The PD200 can drive any load impedance including unlimited capacitive loads
such as stack actuators; standard piezoelectric actuators; two wire benders; and three-wire piezoelectricbenders requiring a bias voltage.
Configuration options include the voltage range, polarity, and output current. The voltage range can also
be limited by two user-accessible potentiometers. The PD200 is suited to a wide range of applications
including electro-optics, ultrasound, vibration control, nanopositioning systems, and piezoelectric motors.
There are four output connectors including Lemo 00, Lemo 0B, BNC, and screw terminals that allow thedirect connection to almost any commercially available piezoelectric actuator. A rear-panel connector alsoprovides a temperature output, overload monitor, and external shutdown input.
Compatible Actuators
Stack Actuators

50V to 200VPlates and Tubes

up to +/-100V

Two Wire Benders

up to +/-100V

Three Wire Benders

0 to 200V with 200V bias

Three Wire Benders+/-100V with +/-100V bias

2 Warnings / Notes
This device produces hazardous potentials and requires suitably qualified
personnel with an observer trained in first-aid training. Do not operate thedevice when there are exposed conductors.

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3 Specifications
Electrical Specifications
Output Voltage Range

100 Vp-p

150 Vp-p

200 Vp-p

RMS Current

1.2 A

0.91 A

0.57 A

Pulse Current

10.0 A

10.0 A

10.0 A

Power Bandwidth

470 kHz

310 kHz230 kHzGain

20 V/V

Slew Rate

150 V/usSignal Bandwidth

680 kHzMax Power

60 W Dissipation

Load

Any

Noise

714 uV RMS (10uF Load, 0.03 Hz to 1 MHz)

Protection

Continuous short-circuit, thermal

Voltage Monitor

1/20 V/V (BNC)

Current Monitor

1 V/A (BNC)

Analog Input
Output Connectors+/-10V (BNC, Zin = 27k)
LEMO 0B, LEMO 00, Screw Terminals, BNC

Power Supply

90 Vac to 250 Vac

Mechanical Specifications
Environment

0-40 C (32-104 F) Non-condensing humidity

Dimensions

275 x 141 x 64 mm (10.8 x 5.5 x 2.5 in)

Weight

PD200 V7 Manual

1 kg (2.2 lb)

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4 Output Voltage Range
The desired output voltage range is specified when ordering. The default output range is0V to +200V (PD200-V0,200). The available voltage ranges and associated current limits are listed below.
Voltage Range

RMS Current

Peak Current

Order Code0 to +200

0.57 A

2A

PD200-V0,2000 to +1500.91 A

2A

PD200-V0,150

0 to +100

1.20 A

2A

PD200-V0,100

0 to +50

1.20 A

2A

PD200-V0,50-50 to +1500.57 A

2A

PD200-V50,150-50 to +100

0.91 A

2A

PD200-V50,100-50 to +50

1.20 A

2A

PD200-V50,50-100 to +100

0.57 A

2A

PD200-V100,100-100 to +50

0.91 A
2A
PD200-V100,50
Table 1. Voltage range configurations

5 Output Current
The PD200 has a peak and average current limit as described in Table 1. The RMS current limit defines themaximum frequency that is achievable with a capacitive load. This topic is discussed in “Power Bandwidth”.
During short-circuit the output current is limited to the rated maximum. The peak current can be drawn for
up to five milliseconds before the output is disabled for three seconds. The average current limit has atime-constant of 30 milliseconds and is reset 100 milliseconds after a previous current pulse. Thisbehaviour is described in “Overload and Shutdown”.

6 Voltage Limits
The output voltage range can be restricted to an arbitrary positive and negative value using twopotentiometers accessed from a pair of holes on the bottom panel. By gently turning the potentiometers
clockwise with a 2-mm flat-head screwdriver, the full voltage range becomes available. The voltage range isreduced by turning the potentiometers anti-clockwise. The hole closest to the front panel controls thenegative voltage range while the rear hole controls the positive range.

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7 Pulse Current Option
For applications that require a high peak current, the peak current limit can be increased to 10 Amps byappending the order code with “-PULSE”, e.g. “PD200-V0,200-PULSE”. In this configuration, the average
current limit remains the same; however, the peak current limit is increased to 8 Amps and the maximum
pulse duration is reduced to the time listed in Table 2. The voltage span is the peak-to-peak output voltage
range, e.g. the voltage span for the -50V to +150V range is 200V.
Voltage Span

Pulse Current

Pulse Time200 V

10 A

100 us

150 V

10 A

150 us

100 V

10 A400 us

50 V
10 A
400 usTable 2. Maximum peak current duration in the pulse configuration
For a current pulse less than the peak current limit, the increased duration is described in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Maximum pulse duration versus peak current and voltage span

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8 Power Bandwidth
Launch Online Power Bandwidth Calculator
The online power bandwidth calculator takes into account the current limit, slew-rate,
output impedance, and small-signal bandwidth.
With a capacitive load, the RMS current for a sine-wave is𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 =𝑉𝑝𝑝 𝐶𝜋𝑓√2

where 𝑉𝑝𝑝 is the peak-to-peak output voltage, 𝐶 is the load capacitance and 𝑓 is the frequency. Therefore
the maximum frequency for a given RMS current limit (𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 ), capacitance, and voltage is𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥 =𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 √2,
𝑉𝑝𝑝 𝐶𝜋The above equation is also true for any periodic waveform, including triangle waves and square waves. This
property arises since the amplifier detects average current, which not affected by the waveform shape.
The ‘power bandwidth’ is the maximum frequency at full output voltage. When the amplifier output isopen-circuit, the power bandwidth is limited by the slew-rate; however, with a capacitive load, themaximum frequency is limited by the RMS current and load capacitance. The power bandwidth for a rangeof capacitive loads is listed below.
Load Capacitance

50V Range

100V Range

150V Range

200V Range

No Load520 kHz**470 kHz*

310 kHz*230 kHz*

10 nF

520 kHz**470 kHz*270 kHz130 kHz

30 nF

370 kHz

180 kHz91 kHz43 kHz

100 nF

110 kHz

56 kHz27 kHz13 kHz

300 nF

37 kHz

18 kHz9.1 kHz

4.3 kHz

1 uF

11 KHz5.6 kHz2.7 kHz

1.3 kHz3 uF

3.7 kHz

1.8 kHz910 Hz430 Hz10 uF

1.1 kHz560 Hz270 Hz130 HzTable 3. Power bandwidth versus load capacitance and output voltage spanIn the above table, the frequencies limited by slew-rate are marked with an asterisk, and the frequencies
limited by small-signal bandwidth are marked with a double asterisk. The slew-rate is approximately
150 V/uS which implies a maximum frequency of𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑥 =150 × 106
𝜋𝑉𝑝𝑝

In the following figures, the maximum peak-to-peak voltage is plotted against frequency and capacitance.

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Figure 2. Maximum peak-to-peak voltage versus frequency and load capacitance

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9 Small Signal Bandwidth
The small-signal frequency response and -3 dB bandwidth is described in Figure 3 and Table 4.
40

Magnitude (dB)

1 uF

3 uF

30

300 nF

100 nF

30 nF

10 nF

20

10 uF

30 uF
100-10310451010610100Phase (deg.)

500-50-100-150-200
310451010Frequency (Hz)610Figure 3. Small signal frequency response for a range of load capacitances.

Load Capacitance
No LoadBandwidth
684 kHz

10 nF

759 kHz

30 nF

720 kHz100 nF388 kHz300 nF

172 kHz

1 uF

60 kHz

3 uF

21 kHz10 uF

6.4 kHz30 uF

2.4 kHz110 uF

940 HzTable 4. Small signal bandwidth versus load capacitance (-3dB)

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10 Noise
The output noise contains a low frequency component (0.03 Hz to 20 Hz) that is independent of the load
capacitance; and a high frequency (20 Hz to 1 MHz) component that is approximately inversely
proportional to the load capacitance.
The noise is measured with an SR560 low-noise amplifier (Gain = 1000), oscilloscope, and Agilent 34461A
Voltmeter. The low-frequency noise is plotted in Figure 4. The RMS value is 650 uV with a peak-to-peakvoltage of 4.3 mV.

Figure 4. Low frequency noise from 0.03 Hz to 20 Hz
The high frequency noise (20 Hz to 1 MHz) is listed in the table below versus load capacitance. The total
22RMS noise from 0.03 Hz to 1 MHz is found by summing the RMS values, that is 𝜎 = √𝜎𝐿𝐹+ 𝜎𝐻𝐹.

Load Cap.

Bandwidth

HF Noise RMS

Total Noise RMS

No Load684 kHz1.72 mV

10 nF

759 kHz1.60 mV
1.65 mV

30 nF

720 kHz1.75 mV

1.86 mV

100 nF388 kHz2.08 mV

2.17 mV

300 nF

172 kHz2.18 mV

2.27 mV

1 uF

60 kHz998 uV

1.19 mV

3 uF

21 kHz414 uV771 uV

10 uF

6.4 kHz295 uV714 uV30 uF

2.4 kHz280 uV708 uV1.77 mV

264 uV702 uV110 uF
940 HzTable 5. RMS noise versus load capacitance (0.03 Hz to 1 MHz)PD200 V7 Manual

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11 Front PanelControl

TypeFunction

PowerPower On/OffOffset

Adds a DC offset to the input signal

Input

Input

Input signal (+/-15V max)

Voltage Monitor

Output

The measured output voltage, scaled by 1/20

Current Monitor

Output

The measured output current, 1 A/V

Overload

RED when the amplifier is disabled or in an overload statePowerGREEN when the power is on

HV-OutputConnected to the negative high-voltage power supply rail

HV+

OutputConnected to the positive high-voltage power supply rail

Output-Output

High-voltage output signal return (used to measure current)

Output+OutputHigh-voltage output signal

LEMO 00 Output

OutputHigh-voltage output connector, suits LEMO FFA.00.250 cable plug

LEMO 0B Output

OutputHigh-voltage output connector, suits LEMO FGG.0B.302 cable plug

DC Output Volt.

Display showing average output voltage

The front panel connectors and recommended mating plugs are listed below.
ConnectorMating Connector

Manufacturer

PCB Component

BNC

Any BNC

4-Way Screw Terminal

TJ0431530000G

Amphenol

OQ0432510000G

LEMO 00

FFA.00.250

LEMO

EPL.00.250

LEMO 0B

FGG.0B.302

LEMO

EPG.0B.302

The LEMO 0B connector is recommended for applications requiring more than 1 Amp RMS output current.
Preassembled LEMO cable assemblies are available from www.PiezoDrive.com

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12 Rear Panel

Control

TypeGround

Function
Ground/EarthTemp

OutputInternal heatsink temperature, 0.1 V/degree (Celsius)

Overload

Output+5V output when the amplifier is disabled or in overload state

DisableInput

A voltage from +3V to +24V disables the amplifier

The rear panel connector and recommended mating plug is listed below.
Connector

Mating Connector

Manufacturer

PCB Component

4-Way Screw Terminal

TJ0431530000G

Amphenol

OQ0432510000G

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13 Amplifier Configuration
The amplifier can be configured with an inverting, or non-inverting input.
Amplifier Configuration

Order CodeNon-inverting
InvertingNotes(default)-INV
Table 6. Amplifier configuration

The DC offset control is configurable with a positive range, or a bipolar range. The front panel
potentiometer can be disabled by enabling a PCB mounted trim-pot.
Offset Configuration

Order Code

0V to +200V Offset Range+/-200V Offset Range

Notes(default)-OR2

Front panel source(default)

PCB trim-pot source-OS2
Disables front panel adjustment
Table 7. Offset configuration

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14 Bridged ModeIn bridged mode, two amplifiers are connected in series to double the output voltage range and power.
For example, Figure 5 shows the configuration to obtain ±200V across the load. A ±5V signal applied toboth inputs produces ±200V across the load. In bridged mode, only the Output+ terminal from each
amplifier is used, the negative output terminal is not connected. Since there is no current returning
through the negative terminal, the current monitor is disabled; however, the overload and protection
features are unaffected. Common bridged-mode configurations are listed in Table 8.
±100V

±5V

Non-invertingSignal
Generator

20Voltage across load±200V+

PD200-V100,100-20
PD200-V100,100-INV

Inverting±100V

Figure 5. Bridge mode configuration for obtaining ±200VLoad Voltage

RMS Current

Positive Amp

Negative Amp+/-200V

0.57 A

PD200-V100,100

PD200-V100,100-INV+/-100V

PD200 V7 Manual

1.20 A
PD200-V50,50
PD200-V50,50-INV
Table 8. Common bridge-mode configurations

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15 Overload and Shutdown
The amplifier is protected against short-circuit, over-current, and excessive temperature. During theseconditions, the front panel overload indicator will illuminate and the rear-panel Overload signal is +5V.
During an overload or shutdown state, the output is disabled.
When the amplifier is switched on, the overload protection circuit is engaged by default and clears after
three seconds.
The amplifier can be shut down by an external source by applying a voltage of between +3V and +24V to
the Shutdown input on the rear panel. The impedance of the shutdown input is approximately 5 kΩ.

16 Output Connections
16.1 HV Output Screw Terminals
The screw terminal output has contacts for the output voltage, output return, and the internal HV supply
rails. The Output- signal is connected to ground through a 0.1 Ohm resistor.

HVHV+
OutputOutput+

Stack actuators are connected as shown below.

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Bender actuators can be driven with a single bias voltage, for example 200 V, or a bipolar bias voltage, forexample ±100 V. The ±100 V bipolar configuration is shown below.

+200V
0 to 200V0V

16.2 LEMO OB Cable Assembly
The LEMO 0B socket is the preferred output connector and is rated for 10 Amps RMS. The shield is directly
connected to ground, rather than Output-.
Preassembled LEMO cable assemblies are available from www.PiezoDrive.com
The recommended cable is Belden 8451. The recommended cable preparation is shown below for solder,and crimp-terminal plugs.

Dimension

Solder Terminals

Crimp Terminals

L (Free Length)

13 mm

17 mm

S (Shield Length)

7 mm

7 mm

T (Strip Length)

3 mm

4 mm

The parts list for the LEMO 0B.302 plug are:

FGG.0B.302.CLAZ (solder terminals) or FGG.0B.302.CYCZ (crimp terminals)
FGG.0B.742.DN - collet for 3.1mm to 4mm cable
GMA.0B.035.DN - strain relief boot for 3.5mm to 3.9mm cable

The plug assembly process is:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Strip the cable as above
If the cable is shielded, fold the shield back over the cable
Slide the strain relief, collet nut (1) and collet (3) onto the cable.
Solder or crimp the conductors onto the contacts.
Assemble the plug, as shown below.

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17 Enclosure
The enclosure has a side air intake and rear exhaust, which cannot be obstructed. If sufficient airflow is notavailable, the amplifier will enter a thermal overload state as discussed in “Overload and Shutdown”.
The PD200 can be rack-mounted in a three channel arrangement as shown below. The order code is
PD200-Rack-X, where X is the number or populated channels (from 1 to 3).

18 Warranty
PiezoDrive amplifiers are guaranteed for 3 months. The warranty does not cover damage due to misuse.

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