Research in Homeopathy 4
Robert Medhurst BNat ND DHom

Recently in Australia, the National Health and Medical Research Council, the Australian Federal
Government's peak advisory body on healthcare, released its findings into the effectiveness 17 natural
medicine modalities, one of which was homeopathy. It found that there was insufficient evidence ofeffectiveness or that the evidence for a clinical effect was inconclusive for these therapies. It was aninteresting outcome given the amount of good quality evidence that conforms the effectiveness of
homeopathy. A few years ago I wrote an article containing summaries of most of the research on
homeopathy that had been published up to that time..This article, completed in August 2016, is an
update to this, covering most of the research that’s been done in this area to date. It contains 449
abstracts from human, animal, plant and in-vitro scientific studies that attest to the reality that there is anabundance of well constructed objetive evidence that confirms a positive effect from interventions using
homeopathy.

Human studies

1. Albertini H, et al. Homeopathic treatment of dental neuralgia by Arnica and Hypericum. Journalof the American Institute of Homeopathy, 1985, 3, 126-129. Carried out at the Faculty of Medicine ofMarseilles, this placebo controlled study was designed to determine the effectiveness of Arnica 7C andHypericum 15C for people suffering from dental neuralgia. 60 people received either 4 pilules of Arnica
alternated with 4 pilules of Hypericum every 4 hours or placebo administered in the same way. Painlevels were assessed over 3 days from the beginning of the trial. From this assessment it was found that
12 of the 30 people who received the placebo had a positive response to this intervention, and 23 of the
30 people given the homeopathic medicines responded positively to these.
2. Alibeu JP, Jobert J. Aconite in Post-Operative Pain and Agitation in Children, Pediatrie, 1990, 45,
7-8, 465-6. In this double blind placebo controlled trial, 50 children suffering from post-operative pain
and agitation were given either Aconite or placebo. The effects of Aconite were significantly better thanplacebo
3. Ammerschlager H, et al. Treatment of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract comparison of a homeopathic complex remedy with xylometazoline. Forsch Komplementarmed
Klass Naturheilkd. 2005, 12, 1, 24-31. In a multi-centre, controlled, cohort study, 739 people sufferingfrom rhinitis or sinusitis were given either xylometazoline (a drug commonly used for nasal congestion,sinusitis and hay fever) or a homeopathic combination. Both forms of therapy provided similarly effective
results.
4. Baars EW, De Bruin A. The effect of Gencydo injections on hayfever symptoms: a therapeuticcausality report. J Altern Complement Med. 2005 Oct, 11, 5, 863-9. In this study, 13 Dutch medical
practitioners submitted patients (who between them had a mean history of hayfever of 9 years), fortherapy involving injections of a combination homeopathic product. All but 1 patient were given the
medication before the onset of the hayfever season and all were given it during the hayfever season. Of
these 13, during the course of the trial 9 people found no increase in nasal and non-nasal hayfever
symptoms when the hayfever season began or during it and only 1 of the 13 felt compelled to use
conventional hayfever medication.
5. Baduluci S, et al. Zinc: Immunoglobin Relationship in Patients with Cirrhosis of the Liver Before
and After treatment with Zincum metallicum 5C. International Research Group on Very Low Doseand High Dilution Effects, 1993 Giri Meeting, British Homoeopathic Journal, April, 1994, 83, 84-100. 10
people suffering from Zinc deficiency as determined by atomic absorption spectrophotemetry weretreated with Zincum metallicum 5C. Analysis following this treatment showed a substantial improvementin zinc levels.
6. Banerjee A, et al. Can Homeopathy bring additional benefits to Thalassemic Patients on
Hydroxyurea Therapy? Encouraging Results of a Preliminary Study. Evidence BasedComplementary and Alternative Medicine, 2010, 7, 1, 129–136. In this observational study, 38 people
suffering from thalassaemia who were taking hydroxyurea, were allowed to continue their use ofhydroxyurea but were given one of several homeopathic medicines. The effects of this additional
treatment were compared to the outcomes of another 38 people suffering from thalassaemia who usedhydroxyurea alone, assessed immediately before and at 3 months after starting the homeopathic
treatment. Of a range of haematological and clinical parameters, those people using the combined
treatment showed an increase in levels of foetal haemoglobin over those on hydroxyurea alone, alongwith a reduction in serum ferritin. Where splenomegaly was present, a significant reduction in this wasnoted in those on the combined therapy and this group also noted an improvement in general healthwith a longer period allowed between blood transfusions.
7. Barnes J., Resch K-L., Ernst E. Homoeopathy for Post-Operative Ileus: A Meta-Analysis. Journalof Clinical Gastroenterology, 1997, Dec, 25, 4, 628- 633. 7 separate trials examining the effects ofhomoeopathic treatment for post-operative ileus after abdominal or gynaecological surgery whencompared with placebo, specifically, for the time to first flatus after surgery. Subsequent analysis
showed that homoeopathy provided superior results to placebo.
8. Bell IR, et al. Improved clinical status in fibromyalgia patients treated with individualized
homeopathic remedies versus placebo. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2004, 43, 5, 577-82. 53 people
suffering from fibromyalgia took part in this trial, comparing individualised homoeopathic treatment toplacebo. The levels of tender points and tender point pain as well as quality of life, mood and general
health were assessed by the practitioners and subjects involved in the trial. 3 months after commencing
treatment, all parameters were found to be improved by the use of homoeopathy when compared toplacebo.
9. Belon P, et al.Can administration of potentized homeopathic remedy, Arsenicum album, alter
antinuclear antibody (ANA) titre in people living in high-risk arsenic contaminated areas? I. A
correlation with certain hematological parameters. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2006, 3,
1, 99-107. To investigate whether or not potentised Arsenicum album has an effect on arsenic-induced
elevations of antinuclear antibody (ANA), selected inhabitants of arsenic affected villages in India’s West
Bengal were randomly assigned to receive either Arsenicum album or placebo. After 2 months ofadministration, it was found that not only did the remedy provide superior results in reducing the ANA
titre, it also caused a correction of arsenic-induced haematological changes such as total count of red
blood cells and white blood cells, packed cell volume, haemoglobin content, erythrocyte sedimentation
rate and blood sugar level.
10. Belon P, et al. Homeopathic remedy for arsenic toxicity? Evidence-based findings from arandomized placebo-controlled double blind human trial. Sci Total Environ. 2007 Oct 1;384(13):141-50. Epub 2007 Jul 12. This was a pilot study carried out on 25 people from an Indian village
where arsenic contamination was endemic and 18 people from another Indian village without arsenic
contamination. These people were randomly assigned to receive either Arsenicum album 30C or a
succussed placebo control. After 2 months on either active medicine or placebo, these people had theirblood and urine assessed for arsenic as well as several widely accepted toxicity biomarkers andpathological parameters related to arsenic toxicity. The use of Arsenicum album 30C had a beneficial
effect on these biomarkers. It was also found to improve the appetite and general health of those people
who previously exhibited signs and symptoms of arsenic toxicity.
11. Berrebi A, et al. Treatment of Pain due to Unwanted Lactation with a Homeopathic Preparation
given in the Immediate Post-Partum Period. Gynecology, Obstetrics and Biological Reproduction,
2001, 30, 4, 353-7. 71 post- parturient women who were unwilling or unable to breast feed were divided
into 2 groups, one being given a placebo and the other group being given a mixture of Apis 9C andBryonia 9C, to determine the effects of either on lactation pain. A significant improvement was noted in
the group using the mixture, when compared to those in the placebo group.
12. Bignamini M, Saruggia M, Sansonetti G. Homeopathic Treatment of Anal Fissures using
Nitricum acidum Berlin Journal on Research in Homoeopathy, 1, 4/5, 286-287, December 1991.
Patients using Nitricum acidum 9C once daily in a double blind placebo controlled trial found subjective
relief with the medicine over the placebo.
13. Bornhoft G, et al. Effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of homeopathy in generalpractice - summarized health technology assessment. Forsch Komplementarmed. 2006, 13 Suppl
2:19-29. This was an effectiveness and safety study on homeopathy carried out for the Swiss Federal
Office for Public Health. Using Internet-based resources, manual search and contact with experts, andassessed according to internal and external validity criteria, investigators found that the trend was infavour of a therapeutic benefit from homeopathic intervention. In addition, it was stated by the authors of
the study that, “…effectiveness of homeopathy can be supported by clinical evidence and professional
and adequate application be regarded as safe. “
14. Brigo B, Serpelloni G, Homoeopathic Treatment of Migraine Berlin Journal on Research in
Homoeopathy, 1991, 1, 2, 98-106. In this randomised, placebo controlled double blind study, 60 people
suffering from migraine were treated using constitutional homoeopathy over a period of 4 months. Thosepatients in the control group experienced a reduction in migraine frequency from 9.9 attacks per month
to 7.9 per month, while those in the treatment group reduced their monthly attack rate from 10 to
between 1.8 and 3 per month.
15. Cairo J, Elliot BE, Barnouin J, Fleites P, Araoz A, Morales M, Verdura T, Sanchez M, Serrano C,
Alvarez JL, Veillard JJ. Homeopathy in Cuban Epidemic Neuropathy: An Open Clinical Trial. British
Homoeopathic Journal, 2001, 90, 3, 154-157. In this uncontrolled trial, 15 people suffering from optic
endemic neuropathy (group 1) and 16 people suffering from peripheral epidemic neuropathy (group 2)
were given homeopathic Carbon sulph and homeopathic Tabacum for 30 days. The subjects wereassessed for improvement in neurologic and ophthalmologic tests on commencement and again at 90
days after commencement of the trial. Those in group 1 experienced an averaged improvement of 73%
and group 2 of 12.5%.
16. Campistranous- Lavout JL., et al. Hypertension Trial. Boletin Mexicano, 1999, 32, 42- 47. 68
people suffering from mild to moderate hypertension were enrolled in a double-blind randomised clinical
trial comparing individualised homoeopathic therapy with placebo. Successful results were obtained with
82% of those using homoeopathy compared with 57% of those using placebo.
17. Castellsague API, Sturza CM. Retrospective Study in Asthma, Revista Homeopatica AMBH,
1998, 37, 5-21. In this multi-centre retrospective (uncontrolled) analysis, 196 people were treated forasthma with homoeopathy. Of the 196, 54 were claimed to have been cured and improvement was seen
in a further 117.

18. Cavalcanti AM, et al. Effects of homeopathic treatment on pruritus of haemodialysis patients:a randomised placebo-controlled double-blind trial. Homeopathy. 2003, 92, 4, 177-81. Pruritis,
commonly experienced by those undergoing haemodialysis, was treated in 20 subjects under doubleblind placebo-controlled randomised trial conditions comparing individualised homoeopathic treatment toplacebo. Assessments were made at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days treatment, and after collating the results,
researchers found that homoeopathic management reduced pruritis by 49%. The majority of the
reduction in pruritis had occurred by day 30.
19. Chapman EH, et al. Homoeopathic Treatment of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of Head
Trauma and Rehabilitation, 1999, 14, 6, 521-42. In a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial
involving 60 subjects and a 4 month follow-up period, homoeopathy provided significant improvement inparameters using measures such as “Difficulty with Situations”, “Symptoms Rating Scale” and a“Participation in Daily Activities” scale.
20. Chapman EH. Homeopathic treatment of patients with persistent mild traumatic brain injury..
British Homeopathic Journal, 2000, 89, Suppl 1,S60. In a randomised, placebo-controlled trial, 50
people with persistent mild traumatic brain injury were treated either with their constitutional
homeopathic remedy or placebo. The homeopathic treatment provided superior results to those from theplacebo control.
21. Clark J, Percivall AA. Preliminary Investigation into the Effectiveness of the Homoeopathic
Remedy, Ruta graveolens, in the Treatment of Pain in Plantar Fasciitis. British Journal of Podiatry,
2000, 3, 3, 81- 85. In a randomised double-blind trial, 14 people suffering from plantar fasciitis were
given Ruta graveleons 30C or placebo. Those using the Ruta reported a greater level of pain relief thanthose using placebo.
22. Clover A, Ratsey D. Homoepathic Treatment of Hot Flushes. British Homoeopathic Journal, 2002,
91, 75-79. Researchers at the Tunbridge Wells Homeopathic Hospital in the UK enrolled 31 female
outpatients who had complained of menopausal flushes in this trial. They were treated using
individualised homeopathic management and after their initial consultation and at least one follow-up,
patients completed their own self-assessment rating of the treatment. 79% of the women enrolled in the
study reported a reduction in both the severity and frequency of hot flushes as a result of the treatment.
23. Colin P. Homeopathy and respiratory allergies: a series of 147 cases. Homeopathy. 2006, 95, 2,
68-72. In this case series, 147 consecutive patients suffering from respiratory allergy who attended aprivate homeopathic clinic were assessed for their response to constitutional homeopathic treatment. Of
these patients, 105 were sufferers of ear, nose and throat allergies. Only 2 of these patients failed torespond to treatment and none experienced an exacerbation of symptoms. The other 42 patients were
sufferers of pulmonary allergies, all except 5 of whom experienced relief, with 2 of these experiencing an
exacerbation of symptoms.
24. Davidson JRT, et al. Homeopathic Treatment of Depression and Anxiety. Alternative Therapies,
1997, 3, 1, 46-49. In this trial, 12 subjects suffering from major depression, social phobia or panic
disorder, were treated for 7 to 80 weeks with individually prescribed homoeopathic remedies andassessed on a clinical global improvement scale (CGIS) or self-rated SCL-90 scale and the Social
Phobia Scale (SPS). Subjects were given homoeopathic treatment either because they asked for it
directly or because conventional treatment had been unsuccessful. The overall response rates forhomoeopathy were 58% on the CGIS and 50% on the SCL-90 and SPS.

25. Derasse M, Klein P, Weiser M. The effects of a complex homeopathic medicine compared withacetaminophen in the symptomatic treatment of acute febrile infections in children: anobservational study. Explore (NY). 2005, 1, 1, 33-9. In this non-randomised observational study
carried out in 38 Belgian clinics, 198 children suffering from acute febrile infections were assessed fortheir response to either acetaminophen or a combination of homeopathic medicines. The children had
their infection symptoms, which included fever, cramps, disturbed sleep, crying, and difficulties eating or
drinking, assessed and graded for a response to their respective medicines. After taking the results fromall variables into account, it was found that the homeopathic combination was as effective as
acetaminophen. The tolerance to medicines was also assessed as part of this trial and in this respect it
was found that the homeopathic combination was superior to the acetaminophen.
26. Dorfman P, Lassere NM, Tetau M, Homoeopathic Medicines in Pregnancy and Labor, Cahiersde Biotherapie, 1987, 94, April, 77-81. In this randomised double blind trial involving 93 women, acombination of homeopathic Caulophyllum, Actea racemosa, Arnica, Pulsatilla and Gelsemium, all in 5C
potency, was used to determine its effect on the length of labor and complication rates. The medicine
was used from the beginning of the ninth month of pregnancy, and reduced the average time of labor to
5.1 hours, in comparison to the placebo, the use of which was associated with an average labor time of
8.5 hours. The rate of complications for those using the homoeopathic combination was 11.3% while thecomplication rate under placebo was 40%.
27. Eid P, Felisi E, Sideri M; Applicability of Homoeopathic Caulophyllum thalictroides during
labour. British Homoeopathic Journal, 1993, October, 82, 245-248. 22 women experiencing their firstpregnancies were given homoeopathic Caulophyllum and their post-treatment deliveries compared to 34
labours retrospectively selected on the criteria used to select the test subjects. On analysis it was foundthat the women who were given the homoeopathic remedy had a reduction of the duration of labour by
an average of 90 minutes.
28. Ernst E, Saradeth T, Resch KL, Complementary Treatment of Varicose Veins. Phebology, 1990,
5, 157-163. Over a period of 24 days, the effects of a homoeopathic complex preparation and placebo
on varicose veins were tested in a double-blind trial of 61 people suffering from this condition. The
homoeopathic complex produced an averaged 44% improvement in the condition while those given theplacebo experienced an averaged worsening of the disorder.
29. Ferley JP, et al. A Controlled Evaluation of a Homoeopathic Preparation in the Treatment of
Influenza-like Syndrome..Br J Clin Pharmacol, 1989, 27, 3, 329-335. 487 people suffering frominfluenza were assigned to either Oscillococcinum (Anas barb.) 200CK or placebo, twice daily for 5
days. Significant results were achieved with the medicine over the placebo in all areas measured. This
trial was repeated in 1998 (Papp R, Schuback G, Beck E, Burkard G, Bengel J, Lehrl S, Belon P.
Oscillococcinum in Patients with Influenza-like Syndromes. British Homeopathic Journal, April 1998, 87,
pp69-76) with 372 people with the same results.
30. Fisher P, et al. Effect of Homoeopathic Treatment on Fibrositis. British Medical Journal, 1989, 5August, 299, 365-366. Patients using Rhus tox 6C three times daily in a double blind placebo controlled
crossover trial found significant relief with the medicine over the placebo.
31. Fisher P. An Experimental Double-blind Clinical Trial method in Homoeopathy- Use of a
Limited Range of Remedies to Treat Fibrositis. British Homoeopathic Journal, 1986, July, 75, 3, 1427. 24 subjects suffering from fibrositis were treated for the condition for 3 months with Arnica, Bryonia orRhus tox, depending upon the similarity between the individuals’ symptoms and the clinical picture forthe remedy. Using scores for pain, number of tender spots, and sleep quality to determine the responseto the therapy, these remedies produced a statistically significant improvement, but only when theremedy was well indicated.
32. Frass M, et al. Adjunctive homeopathic treatment in patients with severe sepsis: arandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in an intensive care unit. Homeopathy. 2005,
94, 2, 75-80. In this study, 70 people admitted to an intensive care unit suffering from severe sepsis
were treated either with individualised homeopathic treatment or placebo. On reviewing the signs ofsepsis, organ failures, need for mechanical ventilation and other parameters at 180 days after beginning
treatment, 76% of the patients using homeopathy met survival criteria versus 50% of those on placebo.
33. Frass M, et al. Influence of potassium dichromate on tracheal secretions in critically illpatients. Chest. 2005, 127, 3, 936-41. Stringy tracheal secretions often complicate or even prevent
extubation of people breathing with continuous positive airway pressure. This issue provoked thedevelopment of a study involving 50 people breathing spontaneously with continuous positive airway
pressure who were randomly assigned to receive either 5 globules twice daily of Kali bic 30C or thesame dose and frequency of placebo globules. The study results were assessed using the amount oftracheal secretions from day 2 of the study, the amount of time spent by the subjects in the ICU in which
they were staying and the time until successful extubation. After the results were assessed, it was foundthat those who’d been given the Kali bic produced less tracheal secretions than those on placebo, theirstay in the ICU was shorter than those on placebo as was their time to successful extubation.
34. Frei H, Thurneysen A. Treatment for Hyperactive Children: Homeopathy and Methylphenidate
Compared in a Family Setting. British Homoeopathic Journal, 2001, 90, 183-188. 114 children
attending a paediatric practice where conventional and homeopathic medicines were used, and who
were previously diagnosed with ADHD, were given individualised homoeopathic medicines (increasing
potencies of the most similar LM remedy). On a parent assessed basis (confirmed by the clinician), if aminimum 50% improvement was not noted within a certain period of time they were placed on
Methylphenidate. 75% of the children responded to homoeopathy and 22% required Methylphenidate.
3% of patients did not respond to either regime.
35. Frei H, Thurneysen A. Homeopathy in Acute Otitis Media in Children: Treatment Effect orSpontaneous Resolution? British Homeopathic Journal, 2001, 90, 4, 180-2. In a study involving 230
children with acute otitis media, homoeopathic treatment was compared with placebo to determine
whether homoeopathic treatment provided a faster resolution of symptoms than placebo. After 12 hours,
72% of those using homoeopathy experienced significant relief of symptoms, which was 2.4 times fasterthan the response to placebo.
36. Frei H, Everts R, von Ammon K, et al. Homeopathic treatment of children with attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled crossover trial. Eur J
Pediatr. 2005c, 164, 12, 758-67. 83 children diagnosed as suffering from ADHD using DSMIV criteria
were treated with individually prescribed homeopathic medicines. Using the Connor’s Global Index scale
it was determined that 63 of these children responded to treatment. These children were thenrandomised to receive either placebo or homeopathic medicines for 6 weeks and at this point werecrossed over to receive placebo if they’d been using the homeopathics or vice versa. At the end of thisperiod it was found that homeopathic therapy provided significantly better results than placebo.
37. Frenkel M, Hermoni D. Effects of Homeopathic Intervention on Medication Consumption in
Atopic and Allergic Disorders. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 2002, 8, 1, 76-9. In a
study carried out at the Technicon-Israel Institute in Haifa, Israel, 48 patients were treated for allergic
disorders with both homoeopathic and conventional medicines, and monitored for their level of use ofthe conventional medicines. Over the 3 month monitoring period, 56% of patients reduced theirconventional medication use by an average of 60%.
38. Friese KH, et al. The Homoeopathic Treatment of Otitis Media in Children. International Journalof Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1997, 35, 7, 96-301. In this trial, 131 children suffering frommedically diagnosed otitis media were split into two groups. 28 were treated by a team of four ear, noseand throat practitioners using singly or in combination, nasal drops, antibiotics, secretolytics orantipyretics (Group B). 103 children were treated by one homoeopath using single homoeopathic
remedies (Group A). The average duration of pain for Group A was 2 days, as opposed to 3 days forGroup B. 70.7% of the Group A children were free of recurrences within the first year of treatment and
29% had a maximum of 3 recurrences while in Group B, 56.5% were free of recurrences within the firstyear of treatment and 43.5% had a maximum of 6 recurrences.
39. Friese KH, Zabalotnyi DI. Homeopathy in acute rhinosinusitis : A double-blind, placebo
controlled study shows the efficiency and tolerability of a homeopathic combination remedy.
HNO (Organ of the Deutsche Gesellschaft der Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenärzte) 2007, 55, 271-7. Using arandomized, double-blind study method, 144 people with acute rhinosinusitis were treated with a either
a combination of homeopathic remedies (Group A) or placebo (Group B) and assessed at days 0, 7, 14
and 21 of treatment using a 5 point sinusitis symptom score (the worst score being 20). After analysing
the results it was found that those in Group A experienced a drop in symptom scores from 12.1+/-1.6 to
5.9+/-2.0 points after 7 days. Those in Group B found a decrease from 11.7+/-1.6 to 11.0+/-2.9 points(p<0.0001). The final results showed that the homeopathic combination resulted in freedom fromcomplaints in 90.3% of the patients and improvement in a further 8.3%, whereas in the placebo group,
the complaints remained unchanged or became worse in 88.9% of the patients.
40. Gasssinger CA, Wunstel G, Netter PA Controlled Clinical Trial for Testing the Efficacy of the
Homoeopathic Drug, Eupatorium perfoliatum, D2 in the Treatment of Common Cold. Arznei
Forsch, 1981, 31, 4, 732-736. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either Aspirin or Eupatorium
perfoliatum 2X. The latter was found to be as effective as Aspirin in reducing the duration and severity ofsymptoms.
41. Gerhard I, Wallis E. Individualised Homeopathic Therapy for Male Infertility, Homeopathy, 2002,
91, 3, 133-144. An observational pilot study investigated the effect of individualised homeopathic
therapy for 45 sub-fertile males, with specific reference to sperm count and quality, hormone levels andthe general level of health. Sperm count and sperm motility were improved by homeopathy and theimprovement was comparable with conventional treatment.
42. Gibson RG, et al. Salicylates and Homoeopathy in Rheumatoid Arthritis. British Journal of
Clinical Pharmacology, 1978, 6, 5, 391-395. In this study, carried out at the Glasgow Homeopathic
Hospital, 41 people suffering from rheumatoid arthritis were treated with enteric coated aspirin and 54
people suffering from the same condition were treated with individualised homeopathic treatment. The
results of the two forms of therapy were compared at the end of the trial and it was found that those on
homeopathic treatment did considerably better than those on aspirin. In addition, 16 of the 41 people
taking aspirin during the trial experienced side effects while those taking homeopathics experienced noside effects.
43. Gibson RG, Gibson SL. Homoeopathic Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Evaluation by Double
Blind Clinical Therapeutic Trial. Br J. Clin. Pharmac. 1980, 9, 453-459. 46 patients using a number ofdifferent homoeopathic medicines, prescribed according to homoeopathic principles, were given this

medicine or a placebo with their normal anti-arthritic drug. The trial was carried out blind and significant
results were achieved with the homeopathic medicine over the placebo in all areas measured.
44. Gimeno L.Q. Homoeopathic Treatment of Human Papilloma Virus infections previously
treated by Other Methods. British Homoeopathic Journal, 1996, October, 85, 194-197. In this study, 14
people suffering from recurrent HPV, previously unresponsive to microsurgical procedures, were treatedwith individualised homeopathy and assessed via cytology prior to treatment, during, and 1 year after
commencing treatment. At the final 1year assessment, 11 of the 14 subjects were declared to be cured.
45. Gmnunder R, Kissling R. The Efficacy of homeopathy in the treatment of chronic low back pain
compared to standardized physiotherapy. Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und ihre Grenzgebiete, 2002,
140, 5, 503-8. In this controlled, randomised, prospective study, 43 people suffering from chronic low
back pain were treated for two months either by homeopathy or by standardised physiotherapy.
Assessment based on the initial and final clinical investigations, an Oswestry questionnaire, and visual
analogue scale, found that the most successful method of treatment was homeopathy.
46. Goldstein MS, Glik D. Use of and satisfaction with homeopathy in a patient population. Altern
Ther Health Med. 1998, 4, 2, 60-5. Carried out in 9 homeopathic clinics in the Los Angeles area, thisstudy was done to determine the success or otherwise of constitutional homeopathic practice asassessed by the people who’d undergone this therapy. The study also looked at the characteristics ofthe people involved in the study. Information was provided by 77 clients. At 4 months after treatment,
71% of clients reported improvement in their health status. This is contrasted with the fact that 80% of allclients enrolled in this survey had had previous orthodox medical treatment for their condition which they
had found unsuccessful. The most common presenting complaints involved the respiratory,
gastrointestinal and female reproductive systems and most clients were highly educated but had little
knowledge of homeopathy prior to their treatment with it.
47. Guthlin C., Lange O., Walach H. Measuring the Effects of Acupuncture and Homeopathy in
General Practice: An Uncontrolled Prospective Documentation Approach. Biomed Central Public
Health, 2004, 4, 1, 6. 5000 people were treated for various ailments using acupuncture, and 900 people
were treated using individualised homeopathy, by medical practitioners in a number of clinics throughout
Germany. Most of these people had previously been treated using conventional drugs. After treatment,of those being treated using acupuncture, 36% stated that they felt “very much better” and 49% felt,“somewhat better”. Of those being treated using homeopathy, 39% stated that they felt “very muchbetter” and 38% felt, “somewhat better”.
48. Haidvogl M, Riley DS, Heger M. Homeopathic and conventional treatment for acute respiratory
and ear complaints: a comparative study on outcome in the primary care setting. BMC
Complement Altern Med. 2007, 7:7 doi:10.1186/1472-6882-7-7. The aim of the authors of this study
was to compare the effectiveness of homeopathic treatment for acute respiratory and ear complaints
with orthodox medical treatment for the same conditions. 1577 clients from 57 clinics from Austria,
Germany, The Netherlands, Russia, Spain, Ukraine, the United Kingdom and the USA were enrolled in
the study. They were asked to rate their response to either therapy at 14 days after beginning treatment.
86.9% of those given homeopathic medicines declared that they had had either a complete recovery or
major improvement in their symptoms. 86% of those given orthodox medical treatment reported thesame thing. Subgroup analysis found that 88.5% of children given homeopathics reported a complete
recovery or major improvement in symptoms whereas 84.5% of those given orthodox medical treatment
reported similar success. In addition, the onset of improvement within the first 7 days after treatment
was significantly faster in those with homeopathic treatment, both in children and adults.

49. Haila S, Koskinen A, Tenovuo J. Effects of homeopathic treatment on salivary flow rate andsubjective symptoms in patients with oral dryness: a randomized trial. Homeopathy. 2005, 94, 3,
175-81. In this blind, placebo-controlled study, 28 people diagnosed with xerostomia (dryness of themouth) were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or individually prescribed homeopathic
medicines. Assessed using un-stimulated and wax-stimulated salivary flow rates and visual analogue
scales at the end of the trial, 26 of those people using homeopathic treatment and none using placebo
were found to have had significant relief. Following the assessment of these results those on placebo
were switched to homeopathic therapy, after which all experienced relief from their xerostomia.
50. Harrison RE, Burge TS, et al. Homoeopathic Treatment of Burn Scars. British Homoeopathic
Journal, 1993, October, 82, 252-254. 4 people suffering from hypertrophic scarring subsequent to burns
were treated with homeopathic Graphites for 3 months. All 4 subjects were relieved of these symptoms.
No controls were used for comparison.
51. Hill N, et al. A Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial investigating the efficacy of a Homoeopathic
After-Bite Gel for Reducing Mosquito bite induced Erythema. Eur J Pharmacol, 1995, 49, 103-108.
68 people were bitten at least 3 times by mosquitoes. One of the bites was treated with an after-bite gel
containing homoeopathic ingredients, another of the bites was treated with a placebo gel, and the third
bite remained untreated. Erythema associated with the bites was measured before and regularly after
treatment at all of the bite sites and the subjects rated the degree of pruritis experienced at the sites.
The active gel provided results that were significantly superior to the placebo or no treatment.
52. Hitzenberger G, et al. Controlled randomised Double Blind study for the Comparison of theTreatment of Patients with Essential Hypertension with Homoeopathic and PharmacologicallyEffective Drugs. Weiner Klinische Wochenschrift (Klinische Wochenschrift), 1982, 94, 24, 665-670. In
this randomized double-blind cross-over trial, 10 people suffering from essential hypertension weretreated either with standard pharmaceutical products or homeopathic medicines. Pharmaceuticals were
found to provide superior blood pressure reducing effects but homeopathic were found to be the better
choice for the management of the subjective symptoms of hypertension.
53. Issing W., Klein P., Weiser M. The homeopathic preparation Vertigoheel versus Ginkgo biloba
in the treatment of vertigo in an elderly population: a double-blinded, randomized, controlled
clinical trial. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2005, 11, 1,155-60. Over a 6 week
period, 170 people with an age range of 60- 80 years with atherosclerosis related vertigo were treated
for this condition using either a homeopathic combination or herbal gingko biloba. Using a patientassessed dizzyness questionnaire and practitioner assessment via line walking and other tests asmethods of measurement, participants found that the homeopathic combination provided outcomes as
good as those with gingko.
54. Itamura R, Hosoya R. Homeopathic Treatment of Japanese patients with intractable Atopic
Dermatitis. Homeopathy, 2003, 92, 2, 108-114. In this uncontrolled study, 17 people suffering fromintractable atopic dermatitis undertook individualised homoeopathic treatment for the condition in
conjunction with their existing pharmaceutical therapy, for a period of up to 2 years and 7 months. On an
objective assessment and the patient’s own assessment, all patients experienced in excess of 50%
improvement by the end of the trial.
55. Itamura R. Effect of homeopathic treatment of 60 Japanese patients with chronic skindisease. Complement Ther Med. 2007, 15, 2, 115-20. 60 people were enrolled in this uncontrolled trial
which was carried out in Obitsu Sankei Hospital in Kawagoe which was designed to determine the effectof individualised homeopathic medicines on several common skin disorders. These disorders includedatopic dermatitis, eczema, acne, urticaria, psoriasis and alopecia universalis. Treatment occurred over a
period of 3 months to 2 years and 7 months and subjects were permitted to use conventionaldermatological treatments while taking part in the trial. Using the trial participants’ own assessment,
improvement or otherwise was assessed using a nine-point scale similar to the Glasgow Homeopathic
Hospital Outcome Scale. On this basis, 6 people reported a complete recovery, 23 reported a 75%
improvement, 24 found a 50% improvement and 7 had a 25% improvement). In all, 88.3% of patients
reported over 50% improvement.
56. Jacobs J, et al. Treatment of Acute Childhood Diarrhoea with Homoeopathic Medicine.
Paediatrics, 1994, 93, 5, 719-725. In a randomised, placebo controlled trial with 81 children sufferingfrom acute diarrhoea, individually prescribed homoeopathic medicines were found to be superior toplacebo.
57. Jacobs J, et al. Acute Childhood Diarrhoea- A Replication. Journal of Alternative andComplementary Medicine, 6, 2000, 131-139. In a replication of a previous trial carried out by Jacobs andothers, 116 Nepalese children aged 6 months to 5 years suffering from diarrhoea were given an
individualised homoeopathic medicine or placebo over a 5 day period. Results assessed at the end of
this period showed homeopathy to be superior to placebo as a means of relieving diarrhoea.
58. Jacobs J, et al. Homeopathic treatment of acute otitis media in children: a preliminary
randomized placebo-controlled trial. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2001, 20, 2, 177-83. 75 children sufferingfrom acute otitis media were given homeopathic treatment or were given treatment with placebo. On
assessment it was found that homeopathy provided an improved outcome from this condition.
59. Jacobs J, et al, Homeopathy for childhood diarrhoea: combined results and meta-analysis
from three randomized, controlled clinical trials. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003, 22, 3, 229-34. In thismeta-analysis (an analysis carried out to determine overall trends in a group of similar studies) threedouble blind clinical trials of diarrhoea in 242 children aged 6 months to 5 years were analysed as one
group. The children received either an individualised homeopathic medicine or a placebo, for 5 days
after each unformed stool. Records were kept by parents and the duration of diarrhoea was defined as
the time until there were less than 3 unformed stools per day for 2 consecutive days. Diarrhoea ceasedin those taking homeopathic medicines after 3.3 days and after 4.1 days in those using placebo.
60. Jacobs J, et al. Homeopathy for menopausal symptoms in breast cancer survivors: apreliminary randomized controlled trial. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2005,
11, 1, 21-7. This study compared the effects of an individualised homeopathic prescription with ahomeopathic combination and placebo in 55 women suffering from menopausal symptoms for a periodof 1 year. Both the individualised and combination homeopathic therapy provided an improvement insymptoms over placebo, with the individualised homeopathy showing the best outcomes over the first 3
months of the assessment period.
61. Jeffrey SL, Belcher HJ. Use of Arnica to Relieve Pain after Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery.
Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 2002, 8, 2, 66-8. 37 patients who had undergone carpal
tunnel release surgery were given a combination of Arnica tablets and Arnica ointment or placebo. After
2 weeks of therapy, the group using Arnica reported a significant reduction in pain.
62. Karow JH, et al. Efficacy of Arnica montana D4 for Healing of Wounds after Hallux valgus
Surgery compared to Diclofenac. J Altern Complement Med. 2008, 14, 1, 17-25. In this randomised,double-blinded, parallel group study, 88 people who were recovering from foot surgery were randomly
assigned to receive either Arnica 4X at a rate of 10 pilules 3 times daily or Diclofenac 50mg 3 times

daily. Both therapies were used for 4 days following the surgery. At day 4, subjects were assessed fortheir postoperative irritation, mobility, pain level, and their use of analgesics. Analysis of the results at
this point showed that Arnica and Diclofenac provided the same level of reduction in wound irritation(including swelling) and mobility. Subjective assessment by patients rated Arnica as superior to
Diclofenac for mobility. Diclofenac was superior to Arnica for pain reduction and there was no significant
difference in analgesic use during the 4 days following surgery. It was also noted in the study that Arnica
was 60% cheaper than Diclofenac.
63. Kassab S, et al.Homeopathic Medicines for Adverse effects of Cancer Treatments. Cochrane
Database Systematic Review. 2009 Apr 15;(2):CD004845. Cochrane Reviews investigate the effects ofinterventions for prevention, or treatment of illness, or rehabilitation from illness, in a healthcare setting.
Most Cochrane Reviews are based on overviews of randomized controlled trials and other forms ofevidence that are deemed to be appropriate. This review was conducted to determine what, if any,evidence (in the opinion of the Cochrane reviewers) exists for the treatment by homeopathy of theeffects of conventional cancer therapies. A search through numerous databases revealed 8 controlled
trials involved in this area of study, 7 of which were placebo controlled and 1 of which was against an
active treatment. In total, the trials covered the outcomes of 664 people who’d been variously sufferingfrom the adverse effects of radiotherapy, chemotherapy or breast cancer treatment. Of the 8, 2 trials
exhibited beneficial effects from homeopathy. One of these involved a comparison between the effects
of a topical corticosteroid and a homeopathic mother tincture of calendula for the prevention ofdermatitis from radiotherapy where the calendula proved to be superior to the drug. The other involved
the successful use of a homeopathic complex for stomatatitis caused by chemotherapy.
64. Kayne S. A Pilot Trial to Study the Perceived Effectiveness of Homoeopathic remedies boughtOver The Counter (OTC) in British Pharmacies. Journal of the Royal London Homoeopathic Hospital
NHS Trust, 1997, January 23-24, 90-94. 1000 questionnaires were sent to 8 UK pharmacies, requestingthem to pass the questionnaires to customers. These, questionnaires asked the customers whether or
not they found OTC homoeopathic medicines effective for the conditions for which they were purchased.
A total of 257 users responded, and the accumulated results showed that 83% of respondents felt better
after taking the product.
65. Keil T, et al. Homoeopathic versus Conventional Treatment of Children with Eczema: A
comparative Cohort Study. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2008 16, 1, 15—21. This was aprospective, multi-centre, parallel-group, comparative cohort study was conducted in urban and mixed
urban—rural regions of Germany. 118 children suffering from clinically defined eczema seen at 54
homeopathic practices and 64 conventional medical practices were treated for the condition with therespective therapeutic protocols normally used in these clinics, i.e. individualised homeopathic orconventional medical therapy. Treatment occurred over a period of 12 months and the outcomes of the
2 different methods of therapy were assessed at 6 months and 12 months by the children or theirparents on the basis of eczema signs and symptoms and the quality of life. Overall, on the basis ofclinical symptoms and quality of life, there was little difference in the response rates of both groups totheir respective therapies although at 12 months after starting treatment, those children who weretreated homeopathically had a greater level of recovery from symptoms than those treated withconventional medicine. No adverse reactions were reported for either group
66. Kim LS, et al. Treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis using homeopathic preparation ofcommon allergens in the Southwest Region of the US: A randomized, controlled clinical trial.
Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2005, 39, 4, 617-24. In this double-blind trial, 34 people diagnosed withmoderate to severe seasonal allergic rhinitis were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or a
combination of potentised allergens (made from the pollens of trees, grasses or weeds identified asallergens). After the 4 week treatment period using 2 sprays 3 times a day of either the potentisedallergen mix or placebo, the trial subjects were assessed on the basis of their allergy specific symptoms
using 3 separate questionnaire formats (RQLQ, MOS SF-36 and the WPAI). The potentised allergenmix showed significant positive changes compared to placebo.
67. Klopp R, Niemer W, Weiser M. Microcirculatory effects of a homeopathic preparation inpatients with mild vertigo: an intravital microscopic study. Microvasc Res. 2005, 69, 1-2,10-6.The
aim of this non-randomized, open study was to test the effectiveness of a homeopathic combination
product on variables related to microcirculation in 16 people suffering from vestibular vertigo, compared
to a control group of 16 untreated people also suffering from vestibular vertigo. Measurements werecarried out in two areas (defined by selecting 60 blood-cell perfused nodal points of arterioles, venules,
and capillaries with a mean diameter > or = 40 microns): the cuticulum/subcuticulum of the inside left
lower arm and an area 5 mm behind the left earlobe. After 12 weeks of treatment, those people
receiving the homeopathic preparation exhibited an increased number of nodal points, increased flow
rates of erythrocytes in both arterioles and venules, increased vasomotion, and a slight reduction inhematocrit vs. baseline. None of these changes were observed in the control group. Measurements
were also made of partial oxygen pressure and the numbers of cell-wall adhering leucocytes, both ofwhich were significantly increased in the test group compared to the control group. All of theseparameters were associated with a reduction in the severity of the vertigo symptoms, both on patient aswell as practitioner assessment.
68. Kneusel O, Weber M, Suter A. Arnica montana Gel in Osteoarthritis of the Knee: an open,
multicenter clinical trial. Advanced Therapies, 2002, 19, 5, 209-18. In this uncontrolled study, 79
people suffering from mild to moderate osteoarthritis of the knee were given a gel containing Arnica andasked to apply it twice daily. They were assessed at 3 and 6 weeks for pain, stiffness and functional
ability of the knee. Both assessments showed a significant reduction in pain and stiffness, and asignificant improvement in the functional ability of the knee.
69. Kulkarni A, Nagarkar BM, Burde GS. Radiation protection by use of homoeopathic medicines.
Proceedings from the 8th Conference of Radiation Oncologists of India, Bombay, December 1986,
reported in Hahnemann Homoeopath Sand, 1988, 12, 1, 20-3. 82 patients receiving radiotherapy wererandomly assigned to receive placebo, Cobaltum 30C or Causticum 30C as a means of assessing theeffects of these against dermatological reactions to the radiotherapy. The homeopathic medicines
provided a significant reduction in the degree of radiation reactions when compared to placebo
70. Lamont J., Homoeopathic Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). British
Homoeopathic Journal, 1997, 86, 4, 196-200. 43 children with ADHD were given either a placebo or anindividualised homeopathic medicine, in accordance with a double blind partial crossover dose regime.
When the results were compared at the end of the trial, it was found that the homeopathic treatment for
ADHD was superior to that using placebo.
71. Launso L, et al. An exploratory retrospective study of people suffering from hypersensitivity
illnesses who attend medical or classical homeopathic treatment. Homeopathy. 2006, 95, 2, 73-80.
This study reports the results of orthodox medical treatment compared to the homeopathic treatment ofvarious hypersensitivity illnesses in 88 people. 34 of these people were treated using orthodox medicalmeans and 54 using constitutional homeopathy. 24% of those treated medically experienced an
improvement in their condition while 57% of those treated with homeopathy experienced similar relief.
72. Ludke R, Weisenauer M. A Meta-analysis of Homeopathic Treatment of Pollinosis with
Galphimia glauca. Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, 1997, 147, 14, 323-7. In this analysis, 7

randomised double-blind placebo controlled trials and 4 trials without placebo controls were examined todetermine the therapeutic benefits of Galphimia glauca in pollinosis. In all studies except for one,
Galphimia showed significant benefit over placebo where placebo controls were used, or showedsignificant clinical benefit where the remedy was not compared to placebo. The recovery rates forGalphimia were comparable with those seen with conventional anti-histamines, but without the sameside effects.
73. Maas HPJA. Ulcerative Colitis treated with Homoeopathy. British Homoeopathic Journal, 1993,
July, 82, 179-185. In this retrospective case analysis, 24 people suffering from ulcerative colitis weretreated in an Argentinean clinic using constitutional homoeopathy over periods of up to 19 years. Of
these 24, 16 patients were assessed as having good outcomes.
74. Manchanda RK, et al. Double Blind Placebo Controlled Clinical Trials of Homoeopathic
Medicines in Warts and Molluscum contagiosum. CCRH Quarterly Bulletin, 1997, 19, 25-29. This
trial was reported in two parts, one to evaluate the efficacy of homoeopathy for warts (remedies included
Ruta graveolens, Nitricum acidum, Dulcamara, Causticum and Thuja) the other to evaluate thehomoeopathic remedy, Calcarea carbonica, for Molluscum contagiosum. Placebo controlled studies
involving a total of 147 subjects using single remedies in 30C potencies three times daily, 200C twice
daily and 1M daily, for 15 days, showed that homoeopathy was superior to placebo. Thuja was the mostsuccessful of the remedies used for warts.
75. Marian F, et al. Patient Satisfaction and Side Effects in Primary Care: An observational study
comparing Homeopathy and Conventional Medicine. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2008, 18, 8, 1,
52. This was a study carried out by the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health designed to determine
levels of patient satisfaction and the perception of side effects following the use of homeopathic
medicine. It was part of a national program designed to evaluate complementary and alternative
medicine use in Switzerland. The bulk of the data used in the study came from questionnaires filled inover a specific 4 day period supplied by physicians using conventional medicine, physicians using
homeopathic medicine, and from patients who’d filled in questionnaires mailed to them 1 month after
treatment. 170 practitioners were involved in the study. A total of 3126 questionnaires were received by
the researchers and analysis of these revealed the following. 21% of those treated with homeopathy
reported “complete resolution” of the presenting complaint versus 28% of those on conventional therapy
and 53% reported “complete satisfaction” with homeopathic treatment versus 40% of those given
conventional therapy. The rate of side effects reported by those using homeopathy was less than thosegiven conventional medicine.
76. Maronna U, Weiser M, Klein P. Comparison of the Efficacy and Tolerance of Zeel comp. andDiclofenac for the Oral Treatment of Gonarthrosis. Biological Medicine, 2000, 29, 3, 157-158.
Diclofenac, a non-steroidal inflammatory drug, is a commonly prescribed medicine for rheumatic
diseases. The effects of this drug were compared to those of Zeel, a homoeopathic complex
preparation, with 121 people suffering from gonarthrosis. The trial was designed as a randomised,double-blind, actively controlled parallel study. Assessments for pain, stiffness and functional ability
were carried out at 2, 4, 6 and 10 weeks after commencing treatments and by the end of the 10 week
period, there were no statistical differences observed in the outcomes of both treatment regimes. The
homoeopathic complex product and the drug were equally effective in the management of gonarthrosis.
77. Mathie RT, Farrer S. Outcomes from homeopathic prescribing in dental practice: aprospective, research-targeted, pilot study. Homeopathy. 2007, 96, 2, 74-81. This paper presented
the results of a study into the effectiveness of individualised homeopathic medicines for the
management of common dental complaints and the effectiveness of a specific protocol used to collectsuch data. 14 dentists who routinely practice homeopathy contributed data to the study and data fromthe observations of and by 726 individual patients were collected. Of the 496 patients who were able tobe followed up, 90.1% reported a positive outcome, 1.8% experienced a deterioration of the condition
and 7.9% of patients reported no change.
78. Matusiewicz R. The effect of a homoepathic preparation on the clinical condition of patientswith corticosteroid dependant bronchial asthma. Biomedical Therapy, 1997, 15, 3, 70-74. In thisdouble-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study, 40 people suffering from corticosteroid- dependant
bronchial asthma were given either placebo or a combination homeopathic formula, every 5 to 7 days bysubcutaneous injection. Using standard spirometry and granulocyte function to measure the response,
researchers found that the combination product provided superior results to placebo.
79. McCutcheon LE. Treatment of anxiety with a homoeopathic remedy Journal of Applied Nutrition,
1996, 48, 1& 2, 2-6. 72 people with above-average levels of anxiety were enrolled in this double-blind,placebo-controlled trial and assigned to either a test or control (placebo) group to assess the relative
benefits of a combination homeopathic product designed to relieve anxiety. Using sleep loss as ameasure of anxiety, the combination product produced results that were better than those from placebo.
80. Milewska G, Trzebiatowska-Trzeciak O. Homoeopathic Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal British
Homoeopathic Journal, 1993. October, 82, 249-251. Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens
experienced by 30 alcoholics was the focus of this uncontrolled study carried out in a Polish medical
clinic. Patients were treated with individualised homeopathy and their progress followed for 2 months.
The treatment resulted in a reduced duration of alcohol withdrawal time and delirium tremens in all
patients.
81. Mohan GR, et al, Cervical Spondylosis- a Clinical Study, British Homoeopathic Journal, July
1996, 85, 3, 131-133. In this uncontrolled study, 154 people suffering from cervical spondylosis wereprescribed either homoeopathic Calcium fluoride, or a remedy selected via repertorisation of theirmental and physical general symptoms, and their progress monitored for 1 year. Of those given Calc
fluor, clinical improvement was seen in 60% of cases. 48% of those given the remedy arrived at byrepertorisation reported clinical improvement.
82. Mohan GR, Anandhi KS. Efficacy of homeopathic drugs in dermatitis of atopic diathesis.
Homoeopathic Links, 2003, Winter, 16, 4, 257-260. The authors treated 31 people suffering from either
atopic skin and respiratory symptoms, or atopic skin symptoms alone. Both groups were treated withindividualised homeopathic therapy over a period of 5 years. During a 6 month assessment period
following this treatment, the authors determined that 41% of the group with skin and respiratory
symptoms achieved not less than a 76% improvement in symptoms and 58% of the group with skin
symptoms alone achieved this outcome.
83. Mohan GR. Efficacy of Homeopathy in Childhood Asthmas. Homeopathic Links, Summer 2007,
Vol 20, 104-107. This paper reports of work done in India by homeopath, GR Mohan, looking at theresults of the homeopathic treatment of 81 children suffering from clinically defined asthma who had
previously been treated unsuccessfully with conventional medicine. This open study involved the use ofindividually prescribed homeopathic medicines for a period of 2 years as a means of reducing therecurrence of asthma attacks. Results were assessed according the 12 point Modified Borg Scale, asubjective scale used to assess the severity of dyspnoea. At the end of the allotted 2 year period, theresults were analysed and it was found that asthma had become controlled in 60.5% of children who’dbeen treated with homeopathy, and some control was achieved in a further 21%. 12.3% of the groupfailed to respond to the treatment. The medicines used most frequently in this study were Arsenicum
album, Merc solubilis, Hepar sulph, Arsenicum iod, Antimony tart, Pulsatilla and Calc carb.
84. Mojaver YN, et al. Individualized homeopathic treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: anobservational study. Homeopathy. 2007, 96, 2, 82-6. This uncontrolled study, carried out in the
Department of Oral Medicine at Iran’s Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, was designed to
discover if individually prescribed homeopathic medicines could provide relief from medically diagnosed
trigeminal neuralgia. 15 people suffering from the condition were enrolled in the study and after
receiving their individual prescriptions they were assessed monthly using a Visual Analogue Scale togauge the severity of their symptoms. After the results were assessed at 4 months it was found that
individualised homeopathic treatment was associated with an average reduction in pain intensity ofmore than 60%.
85. Müller-Krampe B, et al. Effects of Spascupreel versus hyoscine butylbromide forgastrointestinal cramps in children. Pediatr Int. 2007, 49, 3, 328-34. In this observational cohort
study, 204 children under 12 years of age suffering from gastrointestinal spasms and cramps were given
either hyoscine butylbromide, a drug commonly prescribed for these conditions, or Spascupreel, ahomeopathic complex. After a 1 week period of treatment, the results from these interventions wereassessed by a practitioner reviewing reports from the child’s parent or carer using severity of spasms,
pain or cramps, sleep disturbances, eating or drinking difficulties, and the frequency of crying, tomeasure outcomes according to a 4 point scale. Analysis of the results showed that both medicines
provided similar levels of benefit.
86. Muscari-Tomaioli G, et al. Observational Study of Quality of Life in patients with Headache,receiving Homeopathic Treatment. British Homoeopathic Journal, 2001, 90, 4, 189-197. In this study,
53 people suffering from headaches were treated by the individual study authors using constitutionallyprescribed homeopathic medicines, completing SF-36 health-related quality of life questionnaires before
and 4-6 months after beginning the treatment. More the 60% of the subjects experienced an
improvement in the condition.
87. Oberbaum M, et al. Homeopathic Treatment in Emergency Medicine, a case series.
Homeopathy, 2003, 92, 1, 44-47. In this study, 15 people suffering from orthopaedic trauma weretreated in a medical centre with homoeopathy, in addition to standard medical treatment. Treatment wascommenced 24 hours after admission. All patients initially received homeopathic Arnica 200C andanxiety was treated with Aconite, Opium, Ignatia or Arsenicum album, all in 200C potency. 24 hours
following this treatment, the majority of patients reported a reduction in pain and anxiety. 48 hours after
admission, patients were treated with individualised homoeopathic remedies. At discharge, 67% of
patients rated the homoeopathic treatment as successful.
88. Oberbaum M, et al. The effect of the homeopathic remedies Arnica montana and Bellis
perennis on mild postpartum bleeding--a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study:
preliminary results. Complement Ther Med. 2005, 13, 2, 87-90. Forty women experiencing postpartum bleeding were randomly assigned to receive a mixture of Arnica 30C and Bellis 30C, Arnica 6C
and Bellis 6C, or placebo. Mean haemoglobin values were measured at 72 hours post-partum, at which
point it was found that those women given homeopathic therapy experienced significantly less change inhaemoglobin values than those given placebo.
89. Pai PN. Thiosinaminum in the Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis with Calcaneal Spurs. British
Homoeopathic Journal, 1992, October, 81, 173-175. In this uncontrolled study, 43 people suffering fromplantar fasciitis and calcaneal spurs were treated with homeopathic Thiosinimum, Thiosinimum andMerc cor, or Thiosinimum and Merc biniod. Thiosinimum alone proved to be the therapy most likely to
be helpful in resolving recently developed cases.
90. Pai PN. Nephrotic Syndrome. British Homoeopathic Journal, 1969, 58, 2, 94-101. In a case series,
23 children suffering from clinically diagnosed nephrotic syndrome were treated using individualised
homeopathic medicines for periods varying from 1 month to 7 years. Subjects received acute and/or
chronic treatment for the condition and in several acute episodes, corticosteroid therapy was used, in
addition to homeopathic management. For the majority of the children treated either with homeopathic
or a combination of homeopathic and corticosteroid therapy, the severity of the symptoms they had
previously experienced was reduced. The main homeopathic remedies used in the cases mentioned inthis study included homeopathic Apis mellifica, Arsenicum album, Natrum muriaticum and Silica.
91. Pomposelli R, et al. Observational study of Homeopathic and Conventional therapies inpatients with Diabetic Polyneuropathy. Homeopathy. 2009, 98, 1, 17-25. Researchers at the
University of Verona in Italy designed this observational study to compare the effects of homeopathic
therapy with conventional drug therapy for diabetic neuropathy. Over a 12 month period, 32 patientstreated with homeopathy and 29 patients given conventional drug therapy were assessed for clinicalsymptoms and quality of life at baseline, 6 months and 12 months after beginning treatment.
Improvement from baseline polyneuropathy symptoms was noted in both groups but only those treatedhomeopathically reached outcomes that were statistically significant. Both groups experienced
improvements in blood pressure and body weight as well as levels of fasting blood glucose and glycatedhaemoglobin. In addition, only those in the homeopathy group noted an improvement in quality of lifescores over the period of the study. It was also noted that homeopathic treatment was more economical
than the conventional drug alternative.
92. Popov A.V. Homoeopathy in the Treatment of Patients with Fibromyoma of the Uterus. British
Homoeopathic Journal, 1992, October, 81,164-167. In this study, 84 women suffering from various
forms of uterine fibromyoma were prescribed individualised homeopathic medicines over a period of 1 to
3 years. Assessments at the end of the treatment period found that pain was improved in 79% of thesubjects, abnormal bleeding was improved in 75% of subjects and in the majority of subjects thetreatment resulted in a reduction of fibromyoma volume.
93. Rabe A., Weiser M., Klein P. Effectiveness and tolerability of a homoeopathic remedy
compared with conventional therapy for mild viral infections. International Journal of Clinical
Practice, 2004, 58, 9, 827-32. In this observational cohort study, 485 people with symptoms of mild viral
infection (fever, headache, myalgia, cough or sore throat), were treated either via conventional medicalmeans or with a homeopathic combination product. On a practitioner evaluation basis, at the end of thetreatment period, the homeopathic combination provided a successful outcome in 78% of cases andconventional treatment in 52% of cases.
94. Rai Y. Treatment of Drug Dependants with Homoeopathy. CCRH Quarterly Bulletin, 1994, 16,
3&4, 25-28. 261 people suffering from symptoms related to the withdrawal from drugs of dependence
were treated with individualised homoeopathy. Remedies were given at 8 to 12 hours after ceasing useof the drug. 209 (80%) of the subjects found the treatment to be effective.
95. Rastogi DP, et al. Homeopathy in HIV infection. British Homoeopathic Journal, 1999, 88, 2, 49-57.
In a randomised, double-blind placebo controlled trial, 50 people with asymptomatic HIV infection and
50 people with symptomatic (persistent generalised lymphadenopathy) HIV infection and were given
either placebo or an individualised homoeopathic medicine. Using numbers of pre and post treatment

CD4+ve T-lymphocytes as a measure, it was found that homoeopathic treatment was successful for
symptomatic HIV sufferers, but not for asymptomatic sufferers.
96. Reilly R, et al. Is Homoeopathy a Placebo Response? Lancet, Oct 18, 1986, 881- 885. 144 people
suffering from hayfever were enrolled in a randomised, placebo controlled trial. The use of 30C mixed
grass pollens provided better clinical outcomes than placebo.
97. Riley D, et al. Homeopathy and Conventional Medicine: An Outcomes Study Comparing
Effectiveness in a Primary Care Setting. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 2001,
7, 2, 149-59. In this study, carried out by 30 investigators, at 6 clinics in 4 countries, 456 patients
suffering from upper respiratory allergies, lower respiratory allergies or ear disorders were assigned to
one of two groups- those prescribed homeopathic medicines (group A) or those prescribed standard
medical treatment (Group B). The outcome measure was the response to treatment after 14 days, aswell as the speed of recovery, rate of side effects, level of general satisfaction and length of
consultation. The response to treatment within 14 days was 82.6% in Group A and 68% in Group B. For
recovery speed, 67% of Group A recovered within 3 days and 57% of Group A recovered at this speed.
The side effect rate for Group A was 8% compared to 22% for Group B. Those claiming to be verysatisfied with their respective treatments were 79% of Group A and 65% of Group B. The majority (60%)
of both groups received consultations that lasted for between 5 and 15 minutes.
98. Riveron-Garrote M, et al. Clinical Trial of Asthma. Boletin Mexicano, 1998, 31, 2, 54-61. In thisdouble-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial, 63 asthma sufferers were treated for 4 months witheither specific homoeopathic remedies or placebo. Assessed using peak flow rates, 97% of those taking
homoeopathic medicines and 12% or those taking placebo experienced an improvement.
99. Robertson A, Suryanarayanan R, Banerjee A Homeopathic Arnica montana for posttonsillectomy analgesia: a randomised placebo control trial. Homeopathy. 2007, 96, 1, 17-21. In
this trial, 190 people undergoing tonsillectomy were randomly assigned to receive Arnica 30C or aplacebo at a dose rate of 2 tablets 6 times in the first post-operative day and then 2 tablets twice a day
for the next 7 days. On a patient-assessed 14 days post-operative visual analogue scale for pain, thosegiven the Arnica 30C were found to have a statistically significant decrease in pain scores compared toplacebo.
100. Robinson T. Responses to homeopathic treatment in National Health Service generalpractice. Homeopathy. 2006, 95, 1, 9-14. This study was designed to determine the level of
effectiveness of homeopathy as used in a general practice clinic where the standard 10 minuteconsultation time applies. To do this, 5,331 patient files, taken from one 12 month period in one generalpractice clinic, were examined and those files that described a consultation where a homeopathic
medicine was given were separated out for analysis. This produced a total of 489 consultations that
resulted in a homeopathic medicine prescription. Of these, 78% of patients had a positive response to
their treatment with homeopathy, 19% had no response, and 3% had a negative response.
101. Sanchez-Resendiz J, Guzman-Gomez F. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Boletin Mexicano deHomeopatica, 1997, 30, 11-15. 36 women suffering from Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), andfitting the mental picture of the homoeopathic remedy Pulsatilla, were given Pulsatilla 6C, 4 hourly
throughout the day for 2 weeks after the end of menstruation, and this was repeated for 4 consecutive
cycles. At the end of the trial 30 of the 36 women had complete disappearance of the symptoms of
PCOS and the production of normal ovulating follicles and a further 4 of the 36 became asymptomatic

102.Saruggia M, Corghi E. Effects of homoeopathic dilutions of China rubra on intradialytic
symptomatology in patients treated with haemodialysis. British Homoeopathic Journal, 1992, 81, 2,
86-88. Using a double-blind, randomised, crossover, placebo- controlled trial design, 35 people with
end-stage renal failure on regular haemodialysis were assessed to determine their response to either
placebo or China rubra 9C. Those people using the China experienced statistically significant relief from
asthenia, headache and lethargy.
103. Schlappack O. Homeopathic treatment of radiation induced itching in breast cancer patients.
A prospective observational study. Homeopathy, 2004, 93, 4, 210-215. 25 women suffering frompost-radiotherapy induced itching were treated at the University of Vienna’s Department of Radiotherapy
and Radiobiology using individualised homeopathic medicines. After assessment (1-27 days after
beginning the treatment) it was found that homeopathic treatment had been successful in 21 of thewomen enrolled in the study.
104. Schmidt CA. Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial: Arnica montana Applied Topically to
Subcutaneous Mechanical Injuries. Journal of the American Institute of Homeopathy, 1996, 89, 4,
186- 193. In this trial 141 runners were asked to use topical preparations containing placebo, Arnica 1X
or Arnica 6C, and to rate the effectiveness of the preparations at relieving post-exercise muscle
soreness. The preparation containing Arnica provided superior results to placebo and preparation
containing Arnica 1X was reported to be superior to that containing Arnica 6C.
105. Schmiedel V, Klein P. A complex homeopathic preparation for the symptomatic treatment ofupper respiratory infections associated with the common cold: An observational study. Explore(NY). 2006, 2, 2, 109-14. 379 people suffering from upper respiratory infections were given either
conventional medical treatment (antihistamines, anti-tussives, or no steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) or
a combination homeopathic product. Using variables such as fatigue, sensation of illness, chill/tremor,aching joints, overall severity of illness, sum of all clinical variables, and temperature to assess theeffects of either form of therapy, the researchers found that both approaches were effective, although
the homeopathic combination provided faster relief from symptoms (77% were improved within 3 days
compared to 62%).
106. Schneider C, et al. A homeopathic ointment preparation compared with 1% diclofenac gel for
acute symptomatic treatment of tendinopathy. Explore (NY). 2005, 1, 6, 446-52. In this nonrandomised, observational study carried out in 95 German homeopathic and conventional medical
clinics, 357 people with various forms of tendinopathy were given either an ointment containing a
mixture of homeopathic remedies, or Diclofenac (a popular no steroidal anti-inflammatory agent), for up
to 28 days. Using a four-degree scale on pain-related variables related to motility, and on overall
treatment outcome, the ointment containing the mixture of homeopathic remedies provided a therapeutic
outcome that was superior to Diclofenac.
107. Schneider C, et al.The role of a homoeopathic preparation compared with conventional
therapy in the treatment of injuries: an observational cohort study. Complement Ther Med. 2008,
16, 1, 22-7. The researchers in this study set out to compare the effectiveness of a homeopathic
combination product (Traumeel) with conventional medical treatment ,for injuries. 125 people sufferingfrom various musculoskeletal injuries were treated either with the homeopathic combination orconventional medicine and were assessed for resolution of the complaint at the end of the trial period. At
this point, the 59.4% of the group receiving the homeopathic combination had complete resolution
compared with 57.8% of the group treated with conventional medicine. 6.3% of the latter groupexperienced adverse reactions to the treatment and none of those on the homeopathic combination
experienced side effects.

108. Schroder D, Weiser M, Klein P. Efficacy of a Homeopathic Crataegus preparation comparedwith usual therapy for Mild Cardiac Insufficiency: Results of an Observational Cohort Study.
European Journal of Heart Failure, 2003, 5, 3, 319-26. In a non-randomised cohort study, 212 people
suffering from mild cardiac insufficiency were given Cralonin, a homoeopathic combination product, or a
combination of an ACE inhibitor and diuretic (a combination medical therapy normally prescribed for thiscondition). Both products were similarly effective in controlling the condition.
109. Seeley BM, et al. Effect of homeopathic Arnica montana on bruising in face-lifts: results of arandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2006, 8, 1, 54-9.
In this trial, 29 people who were undergoing facelifts were randomised to receive either perioperative
homeopathic arnica, or placebo. They were examined post-operatively for bruising at days 1, 5, 7 and
10. Assessment done at days 1 and 7 showed a signification reduction in bruising when compared toplacebo.
110. Sevar R. Audit of outcome in 829 consecutive patients treated with homeopathic medicines.
British Homeopathic Journal, 2000, 89, 4, 178- 187. In this study, consecutive patient files in a single
homeopathic clinic were examined to determine the success or otherwise of this form of treatment. Of
the 829 patients surveyed, 61% had a sustained improvement from their constitutional homeopathic
treatment.
111. Sevar R. Audit of outcome in 455 consecutive patients treated with homeopathic medicines.
Homeopathy. 2005, 94, 4, 215-21. This study examined the effect of individualised homeopathic
treatment of 455 consecutive patients in a homeopathic medical clinic who’d previously had
unsuccessful orthodox medical treatment or were considered to be unsuitable for orthodox medical
treatment. Of these, 67% derived benefit from homeopathic therapy, and 33% were able to stop or
maintain a substantial reduction in their pharmaceutical drug therapy.
112. Shackleton MF, et al. The Effect of Homeopathic Coca on High Altitude Mountain Sickness.
Complementary Health Practice Review, 2000, 6, 1, 45- 55. 11 members of the 1998 Everest Challenge
Expedition were given either placebo or Coca 200C daily. Assessed on the primary symptoms of altitude
sickness as well as oxygen saturation, those using the homoeopathic medicine showed significantly lesssigns and symptoms of altitude sickness.
113. Shealy CN, et al. Osteoarthritis Pain: A Comparison of Homoeopathy and Acetaminophen.
American Journal of Pain Management, 1998, 8, 3, 89-91. In this trial, 65 sufferers of osteoarthritis (OA)
were split into 2 groups, and through a double blinding process were given either a homoeopathic
medicine or Acetaminophen, a commonly prescribed drug for pain relief in OA. Researchers found thathomoeopathy provided a level of pain relief that was superior to Acetaminophen, and produced noadverse reactions.
114. Smith SA, Baker AE, Williams JH. Effective Treatment of Seborrhaic Dermatitis using a Low
Dose Oral Homeopathic Medication. Alternative Medicine Reviews, 2002, 7, 1, 59-67. 41 patients with
seborrhaic dermatitis received either placebo or a homoeopathic combination product for 10 weeks.
Significant improvement was seen in the test group when compared to those using placebo.
115. Spence DS, Thompson EA, Barron SJ. Homeopathic treatment for chronic disease: a 6-year,
university-hospital outpatient observational study. J Altern Complement Med. 2005, 11, 5, 793-8.
This study looked at the effectiveness of individualised homeopathic therapy over a 6 year period in a
UK homeopathic hospital outpatient department. The results from 6544 consecutive patients wereexamined, and when compared to baseline observations it was found that of these patients, 70%
reported an improvement in their conditions.
116. Stanton HE. Test and Anxiety- A Five Drop Solution. Education News, 1981, 17, 6, 12-15. In thistrial, 40 students suffering from test-induced anxiety were given either homeopathic Argentum nitricum
12X or placebo. The level of test-induced anxiety was significantly reduced from the homeopathic
medicine when compared to the placebo and this effect appeared to persist over time.
117. Steinsbekk A, Ludtke R. Patients' assessments of the effectiveness of homeopathic care in
Norway: a prospective observational multicentre outcome study. Homeopathy, 2005, 94, 1, 10-6.
In this prospective uncontrolled observational multi-centre outcome study, 654 people who’d visited 80
Norwegian homeopaths were asked to assess, via a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) the effectiveness of
this form of treatment comparing the VAS score at their first consultation with the VAS score 6 months
later. After the results were collated it was found that 70% of those people visiting a Norwegian
homeopath reported a meaningful improvement in their main complaint 6 months after the initialconsultation.
118. Strauss LC. The Efficacy of a Homeopathic Preparation in the Management of Attention
Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Biomedical Therapy, 2000, 18, 2, 197- 201. 20 children suffering from
ADHD, were given either placebo or a homoeopathic combination (Heel Selenium-Homaccord) andwere assessed in accordance with pre and post test conduct and psychosomatic problems, impulsivity
and anxiety. The homoeopathic combination provided superior results to those of placebo.
119. Taylor MA, Reilly D, et al. Randomised Controlled Trial of Homoeopathy versus Placebo in
Perennial Allergic Rhinitis with Overview of Four Trial Series. British Medical Journal, 2000, 19
August, 321, 471-476. 51 people suffering from allergic rhinitis were randomly assigned either
homeopathically potentised allergens or placebo. Those given the medicine experienced significant
relief over those assigned the placebo.
120. Trichard M, Chaufferin G, Nicoloyannis N. Pharmaco-economic comparison between
homeopathic and antibiotic treatment strategies in recurrent acute rhinopharyngitis in children.
Homeopathy. 2005, 94, 1, 3-9. In this 6 month prospective study involving 499 children suffering fromacute rhinopharyngitis, the effectiveness, quality of life and cost of treatment with homeopathic (GroupA) versus antibiotic (Group B) medicines, as prescribed by French medical practitioners, were assessed.
Effectiveness, as measured by the numbers of episodes occurring subsequent to treatment, was 2.71
for Group A and 3.97 for Group B and quality of life as measured by the ParEnt-Qol scale was 21 forGroup A versus 30 for Group B, which indicates a higher quality of life for those in Group A. In regard tocosts, average direct medical costs were 88 Euros for Group A and 99 for Group B. Parental sick-leave
affected 9.5% of the parents from Group A and 30% for Group B.
121. Tuten C, McLung J. Reducing Muscle Soreness with Arnica Montana. Alternative andComplementary Therapies, December 1999, 5, 6, 369- 372. 23 people were given either placebo or
Arnica 6X for the management of delayed onset muscle soreness after exercise. Outcomes wereassessed subjectively by the participants themselves, and by creatinine kinase (CK) assays. CK levels
are indicative of muscle or connective tissue damage. While there was only a small subjective difference
between the 2 groups, the people using Arnica 6X produced less CK than those using placebo, whichtends to indicate that those using Arnica experienced less tissue damage on exertion.
122. Tveiten D, et al. Arnica and Muscle Soreness. Focus on Alternative and Complementary
Medicine (FACT), 1998, 3, 4, 155-156. 46 competitors in the 3 day 1995 Oslo marathon were randomlyassigned either homeopathic Arnica or placebo twice daily and assessed for muscle soreness after the
event. Those using Arnica found significant relief with the medicine over the placebo.
123. Tveiten D, Bruset S. Effect of Arnica D30 in marathon runners. Pooled results from two
double-blind placebo controlled studies. Homeopathy. 2003, 92, 4, 187-9. In this study combing theeffects of two clinical trials on homeopathic Arnica D30 (30X), the homoeopathic remedy was comparedto placebo in 82 Oslo marathon runners for muscle enzymes, electrolytes and creatinine (indicating cell
damage) and the subjective control of muscular soreness. Those runners taking Arnica experienced
less muscle soreness when compared to placebo, but there was no difference between both groups formuscle enzymes, electrolytes and creatinine.
124. Van Erp VM, Brands M. Homoeopathic Treatment of Malaria in Ghana. British Homoeopathic
Journal, 1996, 85, 2, 66-70. In a randomised double blind trial with limited numbers of subjects,
homoeopathic treatment was compared to treatment by Chloroquine. The group using homoeopathic
medicines experienced an 83.3% improvement, while the group using Chloroquine experienced a 72%
improvement within the same time period.
125. Van Haselen RA, Fisher PA. A randomized controlled trial comparing topical piroxicam gelwith a homeopathic gel in osteoarthritis of the knee. Rheumatology, 2000, 39, 7, 714-9. In thiscontrolled double-blind trial, 172 people with radiographically confirmed symptomatic osteoarthritis of theknee were randomly assigned to receive treatment with either piroxicam gel (a commonly prescribednon-steroidal anti-inflammatory gel) or a gel containing 3 homeopathic ingredients (Symphytum, Rhus
tox and Ledum). At the conclusion of the trial it was found that the gel containing the homeopathic
ingredients was at least as effective as the piroxicam gel.
126. Van Wasserhoven M., Ives G. An Observational Study of Patients receiving Homeopathic
Treatment. Homeopathy, 2004, 93, 1, 3-11. 782 people suffering from a wide range of diseases who
had visited 80 general medical practices in Belgium were treated with individualised homeopathic
medicines over an average period of 9 years and 2 months. Most of these people had previously beentreated using conventional drugs. The outcomes from this treatment were assessed both by the patientsand the practitioners via questionnaires. 13% of the patients assessed in the study expressedsatisfaction with previous conventional treatment and 89% of patients expressed satisfaction with their
homeopathic treatment.
127. Von Gasssinger C. A., Wunstel G., Netter P. A Controlled Clinical Trial for Testing the Efficacyof the Homoeopathic Drug Eupatorium perfoliatum D2 in the Treatment of Common Cold.
Arzneimittel Forschung, 1981, 31, 4, 732-736. In this trial, 53 people suffering from the common cold
were given either acetylsalicylic acid or Eupatorium perfoliatum 2X. Eupatorium was shown to be aseffective as the acetylsalicylic acid in its ability to provide benefit to those suffering from the common
cold.
128. Walach H, et al.Homeopathic Pathogenetic Trials produce More Specific than Non-SpecificSymptoms: Results from Two Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Trials. J Psychopharmacol. 2008,
22, 5, 543-52. Professor Harold Walach of the University of Northampton and his colleagues have madesomething of a habit of carrying out provings of homeopathic medicines (particularly Belladonna) within
fairly rigidly controlled settings. In this instance the researchers set up 2 studies, both of which werecarried out in blinded conditions. The first of these compared the symptoms seen in a controlled provingof homeopathically prepared Ozone with the effects of a placebo used in the same way. The second testcompared the symptoms seen in a controlled proving of homeopathically prepared Ozone and Iridium,used individually, with the symptoms seen from the use of placebo. On analysis, the results showed thatboth Ozone and Iridium, when used under proving conditions, produced a statistically significant level of
symptoms specific to the original provings for the homeopathic preparation.
129. Waldschütz R, Klein P. The homeopathic preparation Neurexan Vs. Valerian for the Treatment
of Insomnia: An observational study. Scientific World Journal. 2008, 20, 8, 411-20. This German
study, conducted across 89 clinics, compared the effects of a homeopathic combination preparation tovalerian on sleep latency (the time take to fall asleep), sleep duration, the quality of sleep, and daytime
fatigue, over a period of 28 days. 409 people were enrolled in the study and analysis of the results found
an improvement from both medicines with a reduction in latency time (37.3 minutes for the combination
versus 38.2 minutes for valerian) and increase in sleep duration (2.2 hours for the combination versus 2
hours for valerian). The primary difference between the 2 interventions appeared to be that the
homeopathic combination resulted in less daytime fatigue than valerian- 49% versus 32%.
130. Weatherley-Jones E, et al. A randomised, controlled, triple-blind trial of the efficacy of
homeopathic treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2004,
56, 2, 189-97. In this well-controlled trial, where the practitioners, trial subjects and data analysts were
all blinded to the group assignments until the end of the data collection period, individualised
homeopathic prescriptions were compared to placebo in 79 people suffering from chronic fatigue
syndrome (as determined by the Oxford criteria for CFS). The trial was carried out over a 6 month
period with monthly observations used to determine clinical progress according to the Multidimensional
Fatigue Inventory (MFI) as a primary measure and the Fatigue Impact Scale and Functional Limitations
Profile as secondary measures. On the primary MFI measure, those using the individualised
homeopathy had significant improvement over placebo.
131. Weiser M, Clasen BPE. Controlled Double Blind study of a Homoeopathic Sinusitis
Medication. Biological Therapy, 1995, 13, 1, 4- 11. In a randomised double-blind placebo controlled
trial, 155 people suffering from sinusitis were given either a placebo or a homoeopathic combination(Heel Euphorbium compositum). Subjective responses showed a greater improvement in those using
the homoeopathic combination than those given placebo.
132. Weisser M, Strosser W, Klein P. Homeopathic vs Conventional Treatment of Vertigo. Arch
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 1998, 124, 8, 879-885. A study group of 119 people suffering from vertigo
were treated either with betahistine hydrochloride (acting as an active control, commonly prescribed by
medical authorities for this condition) or a homoeopathic complex. Both of the interventions were equally
successful in relieving vertigo.
133. Weiser M, Gegenheimer LH, Klein P. A Randomised Equivalence Trial Comparing the Efficacy
and Safety of Luffa comp.-Heel Nasal Spray with Cromolyn Sodium Spray in the Treatment of
Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis. Forschende Komplementarmedizin, 1999, 6, 3, 142-148. In this trial, 146
people suffering from hay fever were treated with either Luffa comp.-Heel Nasal Spray (a homoeopathic
combination product) or with Cromolyn Sodium Spray (a pharmaceutical drug commonly prescribed forhay fever). The treatment outcomes were measured according to a quality of life scale and both
medicines provided the same level of remission of the condition, which was rapid and persistent.
134. Widrig R, et al. Choosing between NSAID and arnica for topical treatment of handosteoarthritis in a randomised, double-blind study. Rheumatol Int. 2007, 27, 6, 585-91. Using adouble-blind protocol, 204 people suffering from radiologically confirmed and symptomatically active
osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to receive either topical arnica or topical ibuprofen to be applied
to the area where the condition was active. The success or failure of the treatments was assessed
according to functional ability of the affected part and pain intensity in this area after 21 days ofcontinuous treatment. Assessment of the results at the end of this period found that topical arnica wasas successful as topical ibuprofen for the management of osteoarthritis.
135. Wiesenauer M, Haussler S, Gaus W. Pollinosis therapy with Galphimia glauca. Fortschritte derMedezin, 1983, 101, 17, 811-814. Using a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multi-centre
design in this trial, 86 people suffering from hay fever were treated for 5 and a half weeks with either
homeopathic Galphimia glauca 4X or placebo. Therapeutic success was seen in 83% of those using theGalphimia and 47% of those using placebo.
136. Wiesenauer M, Gaus W, Haussler S. Treatment of Pollinosis with Galphimia glauca.
Allergologie, 1990, 13, 359-363. 54 practitioners treated 201 people suffering from hay fever either withplacebo or homeopathic Galphimia glauca. Assessment at the end of the 5 week treatment period foundthat nasal symptoms were cured or significantly improved in 77% of subjects using Galphimia versus
46% of those using placebo and eye symptoms were cured or significantly improved in 77% of subjects
using Galphimia versus 51% of those using placebo.
137. Wiesenauer M, Gaus W. Proof of the Effectiveness of a Homeopathic Preparation in Chronic
Polyarthritis. Erzten Akt Rheumatol, 1991, 16, 1-9. In this randomised, double-blind clinical trial, 111
people being treated by 6 general practitioners for rheumatoid arthritis were given either placebo or a
combination of homeopathic Berberis, Bryonia, Ledum, Nux vomica and Ledum. Using pain, stiffness,
inflammatory signs, fatigue and a functional index to determine clinical outcomes, at the end of the 12
week treatment period it was found that the homeopathic combination provided superior results to thoseof placebo.
138. Witt CM, et al. Homeopathic medical practice: long-term results of a cohort study with 3981
patients. BMC Public Health. 2005, 3, 5, 115. In this study, 3981 patients being treated in private
homeopathic medical clinics in Germany and Switzerland were assessed for the effectiveness of their
homeopathic treatment over a 2 year period. When compared to baseline assessments taken
immediately before treatment had begun, the adults in the study experienced a reduction in disease
severity of 52% and children by 64%.
139. Witt C, et al. Outcome and costs of homoeopathic and conventional treatment strategies: acomparative cohort study in patients with chronic disorders. Complement Ther Med. 2005, 13, 2,
79-86. This cohort study, carried out in Germany, examined the outcomes of homeopathic treatmentcompared to the orthodox medical treatment of 493 people suffering from a range of chronic illnesses
including headache, lower back pain, insomnia, depression, bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis andallergic rhinitis. The patients’ assessments, taken at 6 months and 12 months from the beginning of thetreatment, found that homeopathy provided a greater level of improvement in their illnesses thanorthodox medical intervention. This difference appeared to be more pronounced in children than in
adults. In regard to the cost of each type of therapy, this study showed these costs to be similar to eachother.
140. Witt CM, et al. How healthy are Chronically Ill Patients after Eight years of Homeopathic
Treatment? - Results from a long term observational study. BMC Public Health 2008 Dec 17;8:413.
doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-413. German academic and researcher Professor Claudia Witt has been
responsible for a number of excellent papers on homeopathy and in this, she and co-workers drew datafrom 103 Swiss and German homeopathic medicine clinics in an effort to determine the level of change
to the health status of patients over periods of 2 and 8 years, as a result of homeopathic intervention,over these times. Data was collected from 3709 patients who were asked to assess the level of change
to the severity of their medical complaints and quality of life, at the time of first consultation, at 2 years,

and at 8 years from that point. The data from adults and children were assessed separately and theformer experienced an average reduction in disease severity from 6.2 at baseline to 2.9 at 2 years to 2.2
at 8 years. For children, a reduction from a baseline disease severity of 6.1 to 2.1 at 2 years was noted
and then to 1.7 at 8 years. Physical and mental quality of life scores for both groups increased
significantly over the study period and interestingly, researchers found that, within the confines of thisstudy, the younger the patient and the more severe the medical condition, the better the potential for thetherapeutic success of homeopathy.
141. Wolf M, et al. Efficacy of Arnica in varicose vein surgery: results of a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2003, 10, 5, 2427. In this trial homeopathic Arnica D12 (12X) was compared to placebo, to determine its effect on thesize and pain of bruising after surgery. Arnica was used once prior to surgery and then 3 times a day for
2 weeks after surgery. 60 people participated in the trial and on completion it was found that Arnica
reduced the size of the bruising by 76% compared to 72% for placebo and pain was reduced by 43%
from arnica and by 28% from the placebo.
142. Yakir M, Kreitler S, et al. Homoeopathic Treatment of Premenstrual Syndrome. British
Homoeopathic Journal, 1995, July, 84, 182-183. In a double blind randomised placebo controlled trial
carried out in an Israeli hospital, 19 women suffering from clinically diagnosed PMS were treated withindividualised homoeopathy or placebo. The homoeopathic treatment provided significant improvement
over placebo.
143. Yakir M, et al. Effects of Homeopathic Treatment in Women with Premenstrual Syndrome: a
Pilot Study. British Homoeopathic Journal, 2001, 90, 3, 148-153. 20 women suffering from PMS wereenrolled into this randomised, controlled, double-blind trial to receive one of 5 symptomatically selected
homeopathic remedies, or placebo. Using daily menstrual distress scores before and at the end of thetrial, improvement greater than 30% was experienced by 90% of those using the homeopathic medicine
and 37.5% of those using the placebo.
144. Zambrano OC. The Effects of a Complex Homoeopathic Preparation on Aerobic Resistance,
Aerobic Capacity, Strength and Flexibility. Biomedical Therapy, 2000, 18, 1, 172- 175. 25 people
were assessed before and after exercise for the effects of a homoeopathic combination (Rendimax) on
their cellular oxygenation rate, lactate accumulation, and recovery time after exercise. These werecompared with the same parameters for 25 people who had undergone the same exercise regime
without the use of this medication. Those using the homoeopathic combination exhibited improvement inall parameters measured.
145. Zell J, et al. Treatment of Acute Sprains of the Ankle. Biological Therapy, 7, 1, 1989, 106. Under
double blind placebo controlled trial conditions, patients using an ointment containing homoeopathic
ingredients for soft tissue injury found significant relief with the medicine when compared to the effectsof placebo.
146. Naudé DF, Stephanie Couchman IM, Maharaj A. Chronic primary insomnia: efficacy of
homeopathic simillimum. Homeopathy. 2010, 99, 1, 63-8. This study was done by a team from the
Department of Homoeopathy at South Africa’s Durban University of Technology, and was focused ondetermining the effects of constitutional homeopathic treatment for insomnia, when compared to aplacebo control. 30 people diagnosed with primary insomnia were randomly selected to receive eitherprescribed homeopathic therapy for 6 weeks or a placebo “prescribed” using the same process. The
subjects were assessed at each of the 3 consultations conducted through the treatment process withreference to a sleep diary and sleep impairment index. An analysis of the outcomes showed that sleep

duration, sleep quality and all of the associated parameters measured improved significantly underhomeopathic treatment, when compared to that using the placebo control.
147. Bracho G, et al. Large-scale application of highly-diluted bacteria for Leptospirosis epidemic
control. Homeopathy. 2010, 99, 3, 156-66. The use of homeopathically prepared materials as analternative to conventional vaccination has attracted intense criticism and this Cuban study went some
way towards addressing these criticisms. It was conducted in three provinces in Cuba whereleptospirosis is endemic and active. As a means of attempting to control outbreaks, 2.3 million people
were inoculated with a homeopathically prepared version of 4 of the strains of causative organisms
endemic to the areas at that time, potentised to 200C. The data from post-innoculation surveillance wereused to measure the impact of the intervention by comparing these outcomes with historical trend,
forecast models for the regions and data from non-intervention areas. An analysis of these data showedthat the use of the homeopathically prepared organisms was associated with a large reduction of
disease incidence and relative control of the epidemic.
148. Bell IR, et al. Effects of homeopathic medicines on polysomnographic sleep of young adults
with histories of coffee-related insomnia. Sleep Med. 2011, 12, 5, 505-11. Iris Bell and colleagues
from the University of Arizona College of Medicine performed this trial to determine the effects ofhomeopathically prepared Coffea cruda 30C or Nux vomica 30C on insomnia. 54 subjects with a historyof either cynical hostility or anxiety sensitivity (but not both) and a history of coffee-induced insomnia
were given either of these two medicines (administered double blind) or a placebo (administered single
blind) and monitored via polysomnography, self-assessed sleep diaries, sleep quality index scales andmood state scales, for a period of 1 month. An analysis of the results showed an association between
the test substances and a significant improvement in several key areas of measurement, whencompared to the control.
149. Goossens M, et al. Evaluation of the quality of life after individualized homeopathic treatment
for seasonal allergic rhinitis. A prospective, open, non-comparative study. Homeopathy. 2009, 98,
1, 11-6. This uncontrolled study from the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Belgium builds on previous in
vitro and in vivo work to determine the effects of homeopathically potentised substances on seasonalallergic rhinitis (SAR), and more specifically in this case, quality of life. 46 people suffering withmedically diagnosed SAR were treated by homeopathic physicians with constitutional homeopathy. The
subjects completed a rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life (RQLQ) form at baseline and at three and fourweeks from this point. An assessment of all of the outcomes showed a reduction in the RQLQ of 3.4 atbaseline to 1.97 at 3 weeks and 1.6 at 4 weeks, indicating an improvement in quality of life as it relates
to their SAR symptoms.
150. Glatthaar-Saalmüller B. In vitro evaluation of the antiviral effects of the homeopathic
preparation Gripp-Heel on selected respiratory viruses. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2007, 85, 11,1084-90. This Austrian study was carried out at the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna andsought to determine the in vitro effects of a combination of homeopathically prepared substances on apanel of viruses commonly associated with human illness. The effects of the combination werecompared to several positive controls (acyclovir, ribavirin and amantadine hydrochloride) andassessment of the effects was done by standard viral viability tests (plaque reduction assay,
cytopathogenic assays, virus titrations, analysis of the viral proteins in virus-specific enzyme
immunoassays, and haemagglutination tests). On analysis of the results a significant association wasshown between the homeopathic combination and a reduction in the activity or viability of Human
herpesvirus 1, Human adenovirus C serotype 5, Influenza A virus, Human respiratory syncytial virus,
Human parainfluenza virus 3, Human rhinovirus B serotype 14, and Human coxsackievirus serotype A9.

151. Beringhs-Bueno A, et al. Mercury Intoxication: High Dilution as Mercury’s Chelating Agent.
Int J High Dilution Research, 2006, 5, 16, 3-6. In this study, carried out at Brazil’s Instituto de Saude,researchers set out to evaluate the effect of homeopathically prepared mercury on mercury eliminationin humans. 52 people suffering from mercury intoxication were randomly assigned to receive thehomeopathically prepared mercury (Merc sol) or a placebo. Quality of life, assessments of mercury inblood, urine and hair were made at 30 and 60 days. These compared to assessments from the same
sources made at the beginning of the study. When compared to controls, after analysing the results it
was found that those people received the Merc sol had significant decreases in mercury in hair.
152. Teut M, et al. Homeopathic treatment of elderly patients - a prospective observational study
with follow-up over a two year period. BMC Geriatrics, 2010, 22, 10, 10. This was a cohort study
performed to determine the benefit or otherwise of homeopathic interventions for a range of medical
complaints experienced by people over the age of 70 years consulting homeopathic medicine
physicians in clinics in Germany and Switzerland. A total of 3981 people were enrolled in the study andof these, 83 people took part in a subgroup analysis and nearly all of them were being treated for achronic illness with an average duration of 11.5 years. Assessments were done using the severity of thecomplaint, the amount of medication used for the condition, the quality of life (QPOL) as noted by thepatient and severity as noted by the physician, at baseline and over 3, 12 and 24 months. A significant
reduction in severity of the complaint was noted by both patients and physicians as a result of
homeopathic therapy interventions.
153. Möllinger H, et al. A double-blind, randomized, homeopathic pathogenetic trial with healthy
persons: comparing two high potencies. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2004, 11, 5,
274-80. Scientists at the Sokrates Health Centre in Switzerland performed this blinded trial to determine
the pathogenetic effects of 2 homeopathically prepared remedies and a placebo in an effort to determine
the similarity between the pathogenetic effects seen for the remedies in this trial and the generally
accepted proving symptoms for these remedies. A group of 21 healthy homeopathic medicine
practitioners were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups to receive homeopathically potentised
Calendula officionalis, Ferrum muriaticum or a placebo and their symptoms recorded daily. Both remedy
groups exhibited more symptoms than the placebo group and the majority of the symptoms exhibited
were consistent with the traditionally accepted proving symptoms for Calendula.
154. Möllinger H, Schneider R, Walach H. Homeopathic pathogenetic trials produce specificsymptoms different from placebo. Forsch Komplementmed. 2009, 16, 2, 105-10. This study, carriedout at the University of Osnabrück in Germany, builds on previous work done in the area of pathogenetic
trials conducted on homeopathically prepared substances. In this work, researchers compared thepathogenetic effects with Natrum muriaticum 30C and Arsenicum album 30C with placebo. Several
other groups doing similar work have then gone on to contrast the pathogenetic symptoms produced by
the test substances with those generally accepted as the traditional proving symptoms for these
homeopathic remedies, but this was not the objective in this case. On analysis of the results in thisinstance, it was found that the active substances were associated with remedy-specific symptoms thatdiffered significantly overall and differed from those associated with the placebo.
155. Witt CM, et al. Homeopathic treatment of patients with chronic low back pain: A prospective
observational study with 2 years' follow-up. Clin J Pain. 2009, 25, 4, 334-9. Claudia Witt has donesome excellent work in the area of homeopathic research and this adds to an already impressive tally. In
this study, Witt and colleagues from the Charité University Medical Center in Berlin, Germany, evaluatedwhat effects, if any, constitutionally prescribed homeopathy had on the health outcomes for people
suffering from chronic low back pain. 129 adults suffering from medically diagnosed chronic low backpain for an average duration of 9.6 years were treated by homeopathic physicians who prescribedmedicines according to their individual symptoms. Their progress was followed for 2 years and over thistime an average of 6.8 different medicines were prescribed. On analysis of the symptom severity andquality of life changes over the period of observation, it was shown that the treatment was associatedwith marked and sustained improvement in both parameters. In addition, the use of homeopathic
therapy was associated with a significant decline in the use of conventional treatment and healthservices.
156. Witt CM, Lüdtke R, Willich SN. Homeopathic treatment of patients with dysmenorrhea: aprospective observational study with 2 years follow-up. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2009, 280,. 4, 60311. In more good work from the Charité University Medical Center in Berlin, Germany, Claudia Witt andcolleagues conducted a multi-centre observational study to determine what effects, if any, constitutional
homeopathic prescribing had on women suffering from dysmenorrhoea. 128 women who’d been
medically diagnosed with dysmenorrhoea and had had this condition for an average of 11.6 years, weretreated by 57 separate physicians with an average of 7.5 different prescriptions. Using complaint
severity and quality of life as outcome measures, this treatment was associated with significant
improvements in both areas. In addition, the use of other health services was reduced, but there waslittle impact on the use of conventional medications.
157. Relton C, Weatherley-Jones E. Homeopathy service in a National Health Service community
menopause clinic: audit of clinical outcomes. J Br Menopause Soc. 2005, 11, 2, 72-3. In this study,
an audit was performed to determine the outcomes of individualised homeopathic treatment formenopause in a National Health Service community menopause clinic in Sheffield in the UK. Patientassessed outcomes from 2001 to 2003 were evaluated and were found to be consistent with the notionthat this service was associated with an overall improvement in the condition. In particular, an
improvement in headaches, flushing, fatigue and emotional and psychological symptoms were noted.
158. Pinto S, Rao AV, Rao A. Lipid peroxidation, erythrocyte antioxidants and plasma antioxidants
in osteoarthritis before and after homeopathic treatment. Homeopathy. 2008, 97, 4, 185-9. In thisstudy, carried out at the Muller Medical College, in South Karnataka, India, scientists attempted toevaluate the effects of constitutional homeopathic treatment on oxidative stress responses in 47 people
suffering from osteoarthritis. Measurements before and after treatment were made of erythrocyte lipid
peroxidation, erythrocyte antioxidants glutathione, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase,catalase and plasma antioxidants ceruloplasmin, glutathione-S-transferase, vitamin C and total
antioxidant activity. After comparing the levels of these parameters from baseline with those taken after
homeopathic treatment, and contrasting these values taken from normal controls, an association
between the homeopathic therapy and a reduction but not complete normalisation of the oxidative stressassociated with osteoarthritis was found.
159. Relton C, et al. Healthcare provided by a homeopath as an adjunct to usual care for
Fibromyalgia (FMS): results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Homeopathy. 2009, 98, 2, 77-82.
This University of Leeds study was designed to answer two questions; whether homeopathic plus
conventional care versus conventional care alone for Fibromyalgia syndrome could be assessed using aRandomised Controlled Trial (RCT) design, and whether homeopathic care as an adjunct toconventional care provided any extra benefit. Using a pragmatic parallel group RCT design and the total
score from the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) at 22 weeks from baseline as the primarymeasure, the outcomes of 20 people receiving constitutional homeopathic plus conventional care for
their Fibromyalgia were compared with 16 people receiving conventional care alone. When assessedagainst conventional care, homeopathic plus conventional care was associated with significantly greatermean reduction in the FIQ score.

160. Malicka M, Zakrzewska A, Gryczyńska D. Homeopathic therapy in recurrent respiratory
diseases in childhood. 2006, 9, 3, 74-78. This Polish study was carried out to determine what effect, if
any, a combination of homeopathically potentised ingredients had on children suffering from recurrent
respiratory infections, in comparison with the outcomes in children given conventional treatment forthese conditions (controls). Using a parent-assessed monitoring protocol to measure the incidence ofrecurrent respiratory disease over a 3 month period, it was shown that the use of the homeopathic
combination product was associated with an overall reduction in the recurrence of respiratory infection
compared to both baseline and controls.
161. Mousavi F, et al. Homeopathic treatment of minor aphthous ulcer: a randomized, placebocontrolled clinical trial. Homeopathy. 2009, 98, 3, 137-41. Scientists at Iran’s Tehran University of
Medical Sciences investigated the notion that constitutional homeopathy provided a positive outcome insufferers of minor aphthous ulceration. 100 people suffering from this condition were randomly assigned
to receive either placebo, or two doses of a 6C homeopathic medicine as determined by traditional
homeopathic repertorisation, separated by a 12 hour period. Their progress was then monitored for 6days, with data taken at days 4 and 6. Using an assessment based on pain intensity and ulcer size,
measurements taken at both data points confirmed the notion that constitutionally prescribedhomeopathic therapy was associated with a statistically significant reduction in both of the parameters
measured
162. Waisse-Priven S, et al. Individualized homeopathic treatment of dermatological complaints ina public outpatient clinic. Homeopathy. 2009, 98, 3, 149-53. Brazilian researchers carried out thiswork to investigate the outcomes associated with the use of constitutional homeopathy in people
suffering from dermatological diseases such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and chronic urticaria. The
homeopathic medicines were prescribed by a team of trained homeopathic physicians who followed theprogress of the participants for at least 3 months. 33 people completed the study and on conclusion it
was found that 59% of the study participants had a positive outcome (this consisting of a cure or asignificant level of relief), 37% of the original cohort dropped out and 4% experienced no relief.
163. Witt CM, Ludtke R. Homeopathic treatment of patients with chronic sinusitis: A prospective
observational study with 8 years follow-up. BMC Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders 2009 Jul 27;9:7. In
yet more work carried out by Claudia Witt and colleagues from the Charité University Medical Center inBerlin, Germany, this multi-centre observational study was done to evaluate the outcomes provided byhomeopathic treatment for 134 people suffering from sinusitis. The average duration for sinusitis
suffered by this cohort was 10 years and most of these people had had prior treatment for the condition
with conventional medicine. The trial participants were monitored for complaint severity and quality oflife every 3 months for 2 years from baseline, and again at 8 years. On analysis of these observations it
was apparent that the homeopathic treatment was associated with improvements in quality of life and areduction in the complaint severity of sinusitis, and the these improvements persisted for at least 8
years.
164. Heilmann A. A Combination Injection Preparation as a Prophylactic for Flu and Common
Colds. Biological Therapy, 1994, 7, 4, 249-253. In this German study, 120 healthy individuals were
injected with saline or a proprietary combination of homeopathically prepared ingredients, and theirpropensity to develop a cold or flu monitored twice weekly for a period of 8 weeks. They were also
monitored for symptom severity and various hematological parameters relevant to viral infections. Afterthe results had been compiled and assessed, it was found that, when compared to the saline control,
the use of the homeopathic combination product was associated with a reduced duration of illness and areduction in 11 of the 16 disease characteristics nominated for assessment.

165. Harkin C. Effect of Homeopathic calcium on Bone Density. Homeopathic Links, Spring, 2008,
21. 44-49. This was an uncontrolled pilot study carried out to determine the effects of 3 different
homeopathically prepared calcium remedies in people suffering from osteoporosis. 15 people withmedically diagnosed osteoporosis were prescribed Calc carb 30C, or Calc fluor 30C or Calc phos 30C,
based on the similarity of the patients’ symptoms with the symptoms seen in the homeopathic proving of
the remedies. Bone density was assessed by ultrasonometry at baseline and after 12 months treatment.
An analysis of the results showed that 11 of the 15 participants experienced an increase in bonedensity.
166. Gundimeda RM. Herniated Lumbar Disc. Homoeopathic Links, Winter, 2008, 21, 217-220. In thisstudy, 20 people diagnosed via MRI with disc herniation were advised to undergo surgery by aneurosurgeon. Instead, these people chose to pursue constitutional homeopathic management. The
process and outcomes are described and show that after 4 years of treatment and patient assessment
according to a symptom- based visual analogue scale, the use of prescribed homeopathic medicine wasassociated with 76-99% relief for 7 people, 51-75% relief for 2 people, 26-50% relief for 10 people and0-25% relief for 1 person.
167. Goossens M, et al. Evaluation of the quality of life after individualized homeopathic treatment
for seasonal allergic rhinitis. A prospective, open, non-comparative study. Homeopathy. 2009, 98,
1, 11-6. This Belgian study was conducted to determine the effectiveness or otherwise of constitutional
homeopathic intervention for seasonal allergic rhinitis. 46 people suffering from this condition wereprescribed homeopathic treatment by one of seven homeopathic physicians based on their individual
symptoms and assessed using the Rhino-conjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire at baseline andagain 3 and 4 weeks later. A physicians’ assessment was also carried out at 4 weeks. On analysis of
the results it was found that the average patient-assessed level of symptom severity had fallen
significantly and the physician’s assessment showed that 4% of patients were cured, 44% were muchbetter, 25% were better, 4% a little better, 9% unchanged and 4% were worse.
168. Cardigno P. Homeopathy for the treatment of menstrual irregularities: a case series.
Homeopathy. 2009, 98, 2, 97-106. In this Italian study, results from women treated with individualised
homeopathy for amenorrhoea and oligo-amenorrhoea were compiled to determine whether or not thisform of intervention could be shown to provide any benefits. Data from 18 consecutive patients withthese conditions over an average treatment period of 21 months were collected. From this it was foundthat constitutional homeopathic treatment was associated with an increase in the average frequency of
spontaneous menstrual cycles per year from 4.32 before treatment to 9.6 cycles per year by the end oftreatment period.
169. Witt CM, Lüdtke R, Willich SN. Homeopathic treatment of patients with psoriasis--aprospective observational study with 2 years follow-up. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2009, 23, 5,
538-43. From Claudia Witt and colleagues of the Charité University Medical Center in Germany comes
another observational study of the use of constitutionally prescribed homeopathic therapy, this time
aimed at the sufferers of psoriasis. 82 people diagnosed with psoriasis, of an average duration of 14.7
years, were treated by 45 individual homeopathic physicians, using an average of 6 different
homeopathic prescriptions. Using symptom severity and quality of life to assess their progress, patientswere monitored over 2 years and on analysis of the results recorded a statistically significant association
was found between the use of individualised homeopathy and a marked improvement in the parameters
measured.
170. Bordet MF, et al. Treating hot flushes in menopausal women with homeopathic treatment-results of an observational study. Homeopathy. 2008, 97, 1, 10-5. In this large multi-national

observational study funded by homeopathic medicine manufacturer Boiron, researchers set out todocument and analyse the effect of constitutionally prescribed homeopathy on menopausal hot flushes.
Data was assembled from 438 women suffering from this complaint who were treated by 99 different
homeopathic physicians across 8 countries. On analysis, 90% of the women who were treated in thismanner reported a complete amelioration or significant reduction in their symptoms, and of these, themajority experienced this change within 15 days of beginning the treatment
171. Schneider C, et al. The role of a homoeopathic preparation compared with conventional
therapy in the treatment of injuries: an observational cohort study. Complement Ther Med. 2008,
16, 1, 22-7. This work was carried out to compare the effects of a proprietary mixture of homeopathicallypotentised materials with conventional therapy for a range of injuries, predominantly acute injuries suchas muscular sprains, strains and bruising. 69 people suffering from these types of complaints weretreated with the homeopathic mixture and 64 people with similar injuries were treated using conventional
therapy. Data from both groups were assessed according to the numbers of people who experienced
complete resolution of the principal complaint by the end of the trial period. This was achieved by 41
people (59.4%) who’d been given the homeopathic mixture and 37 people (57.8) from the group
receiving conventional treatment.
172. Rostock M, et al. Classical homeopathy in the treatment of cancer patients--a prospective
observational study of two independent cohorts. BMC Cancer. 2011 Jan 17; 11:19. Thisobservational study carried out at the Albert Ludwig's University in Freiburg, Germany, was designed toassess the potential inherent in constitutional homeopathy for the treatment of cancer, with particularreference to quality of life. People receiving conventional care for cancer were matched for demography,
tumor type and previous therapies, to people receiving homeopathic care, and monitored for 12 months.
Measurements were made at 3 and 12 months for quality of life, fatigue, anxiety and depression. 639
people were originally enrolled in the study and while the numbers of fully matched pairs that made it to
the end of the study were probably insufficient to be statistically reliable, there was a significant trend
towards an improvement in the quality of life at both 3 and 12 months in the group receiving
homeopathic compared to conventional treatment but little difference between the two groups inperceived fatigue, anxiety or depression.
173. Nayak C, et al. A multi-centric open clinical trial to evaluate the usefulness of 13 predefined
homeopathic medicines in the management of acute rhinitis in children. Int J High Dilution Res
2010, 9, 30. 30-42. This uncontrolled trial was carried out under the auspices of India’s Central Council
for Research in Homoeopathy and was done to confirm the utility of homeopathic management for acuterhinitis. 638 six month to fifteen year old children suffering from clinically confirmed acute rhinitis were
given one of thirteen homeopathic medicines that had been nosologically selected on the basis of theparticular symptoms for the condition. The medicines were prescribed in 6C potency, repeated as
required, the medicine changed when warranted, and the response monitored for 7 days. The medicines
most frequently prescribed were Nux vomica, Mercurius sol. and Belladonna. On analysis of the resultsa significant change in the score from the baseline (p<0.05) was observed.
174. Bell IR, et al. Short-term effects of repeated olfactory administration of homeopathic Sulphur
or Pulsatilla on electroencephalographic alpha power in healthy young adults. Homeopathy. 2011,
100, 4, 203-11. Iris Bell and colleagues from the University of Arizona explored encephalograms as ameans of registering a remedy and potency specific response to homeopathic medicines. To do thisthey enrolled college psychology course student volunteers who’d been screened for their homeopathic
constitutional type (via the Homeopathic Constitutional Type Questionnaire or CTQ) and gave them 4
different succussion levels of 6c, 12c, and 30c potencies of the indicated remedy (in this case either
Sulphur or Pulsatilla) , one potency per week, or one of two controls, in a randomly assigned order.

Remedies were given by inhalation via a double blinded protocol for three weeks and the subjects wereassessed using relative EEG power (alpha 1 8-10 Hz; alpha 2 10-12 Hz) averaged over 19 electrodesites. An analysis of the results revealed significant main effects for remedy type (Sulphur >Pulsatilla) inboth alpha bands, controlling for gender, baseline resting EEG alpha, and control responses. Additional
analyses showed significant nonlinear interactions between dilution and time (weekly session) in alpha 2
for both remedies and alpha 1 for Sulphur.
175. Gründling C, Schimetta W, Frass M. Real-life effect of classical homeopathy in the treatmentof allergies: A multicenter prospective observational study. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2012, 124, 1-2,
11-7. This Austrian study builds on previous work seeking to determine the outcomes of individualised
homeopathic therapy, and in this case, therapy for people suffering from allergic conjunctivitis, allergic
rhinitis, bronchial asthma or neurodermatitis. 40 people suffering from this illness were treated using
individualised homeopathy in one of nine separate Austrian clinics by general practitioners trained inhomeopathy. An assessment of the condition was done at baseline and after treatment by a visual
analogue scale. On analysis a statistically significant association was shown between the homeopathic
intervention and a discontuance of conventional medicine in 62% of participants and a dose reduction inat least one conventional medicine in 38% of participants. No side effects were reported during
treatment.
176. Nayak C, et al.. Homeopathy in chronic sinusitis: a prospective multi-centric observational
study. Homeopathy. 2012, 101, 2, 84-91. This study was conducted under the auspices of India’s
Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy and sought to assess the benefit or otherwise in chronicsinusitis of 13 predefined homeopathically prepared materials. 550 people with radiologically confirmed
chronic sinusitis were given one of thirteen homeopathically prepared materials based on their individual
symptoms and monitored at baseline, 3 months and 6 months. Assessment was by radiology and thechronic sinusitis assessment score. On analysis a statistically significant association was found between
the homeopathic therapy and a reduction in both the radiological evidence of the condition and thechronic sinusitis assessment score. The most frequently prescribed homeopathically prepared materials
were Silica, Calc carb, Lycopodium, Phosphorous and Kali iod.
177. Kundu T, et al. Homeopathic medicines substantially reduce the need for clotting factor
concentrates in haemophilia patients: results of a blinded placebo controlled cross over trial.
Homeopathy, 2012, 101, 1, 38-43. This Indian study looked at the effects of individualised homeopathic
management for people suffering from haemophilia. 28 people suffering from this condition were treatedwith either conventional protocols and placebo control, or conventional protocols and individualised
homeopathy, for 12 months, after which the interventions were switched between the two groups. An
analysis of the results was done by independent experts who were blinded to the interventions. The
analysis was based on the frequency of bleeding, extent of bleeding, blood products consumed, painscores and general wellbeing. When compared to controls a strong association was seen between the
homeopathic intervention and improvements in all of these parameters. Interestingly, plasma levels ofclotting factors did not change. Arnica, Ledum palustre, Magnesium phosphorica and Hypericum were
found most useful for pain while Arnica, Hamamelis, Millefolium, were useful in acute bleeding. Calcarea
fluorica was found to be of greatest help with haemophilic synovitis. Millefolium was effective for
epistaxis. Most patients had haemophilic arthritis of one or more joints. Constitutional remedies like
Causticum, Calcarea carbonica and Hepar sulphuris and Lachesis were found useful.
178. Eizayaga JE, Eizayaga JI. Prospective observational study of 42 patients with atopic
dermatitis treated with homeopathic medicines. Homeopathy. 2012, 101, 1, 21-7. Researchers at
the Universidad Maimónides in Argentina set about evaluating the effectiveness of individualised
homeopathic treatment for atopic dermatitis in the University outpatient clinic and the clinic of thetreating physician. Patients with medically diagnosed atopic dermatitis were assessed for Rajka andLangeland's score and a set of four Visual Analogue Scales, these evaluating disease severity, itch,
general and psychological wellbeing as well as quality of sleep. 26 people with the condition completed
the study and after the results were compared with the baseline measurements, it was shown that
individualised homeopathic therapy was associated with a statistically significant reduction in theseparameters. Sulphur accounted for 60% of cases with good treatment response but aggravations wererecorded after nearly 30% of prescriptions.
179. Sinha MN, et al. Randomized controlled pilot study to compare Homeopathy andConventional therapy in Acute Otitis Media. Homeopathy. 2012, 101, 1, 5-12. This study, carried out
by workers from the Regional Research Institute of Homeopathy in Jaipur, India, sought to contrast thecomparative benefits of homeopathy and conventional therapy for acute otitis media. 80 children
suffering from this condition were randomly assigned to receive either homeopathic therapy using one ofa number of clinically indicated remedies in fifty millesimal potency, or conventional therapy consisting of
analgesics, antipyretics and anti-inflammatory drugs. The clinical progress outcomes were monitored
over 21 days using the Acute Otitis Media-Severity of Symptoms (AOM-SOS) Scale and Tympanic
Membrane Examination. On analysis, there were no significant differences between groups for the main
outcome. Symptomatic improvement was quicker in the group given homeopathic therapy, and there
was a large difference in antibiotic requirements, favouring homeopathy. The most commonly prescribedhomeopathic medicines were Pulsatilla nigricans, Mercurius solubilis, Silicea, Chamomilla, Lycopodium
clavatum & Sulphur. These medicines were useful in treatment of (n = 36) 85% of patients.
180. Nayak C, et al. Management of distress during climacteric years by homeopathic therapy. J
Altern Complement Med. 2011, 17, 11, 1037-42. Researchers from India’s Central Council for Researchin Homoeopathy (CCRH) carried out this study to investigate the effects of indivdualised homeopathic
therapy on the FSH levels, blood lipid profile, signs and symptoms experienced by women sufferingfrom menopause. Patients were enrolled from 6 CCRH outpatient clinics and received one dose of anindividualised homeopathic medicine from homeopathic medical specialists in accordance with theirexperience of 15 predetermined menopause symptoms. These as well as their FSH and blood lipid
profiles were assessed at baseline and again at 12 months from this point. An assessment of the results
was made through statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon signed rank test on Statistical Package forSocial Sciences (SPSS), the result of which was a significant association between the therapeutic
invention and relief from the menopausal symptoms that were assessed. A significant association was
also found between the homeopathic therapy and improvements in the blood cholesterol, triglycerides
and VLDL profiles of the study subjects. The medicines found to be most frequently indicated and usefulwere Sepia, Lachesis, Calcarea carb, Lycopodium, and Sulphur.
181. Alecu A, Gafitanu D, Alecu M. Homeopathic dilutions of TNF-alfa in psoriasis and rheumatoid
arthritis. Int J High Dilution Res, 2012, 11, 40, 204-205. Proceedings of the XXVI GIRI Symposium;
2012, Sep 20-22; Florence (Italy). A Romanian team tested the hypothesis that Tumor Necrosis Factor(TNF) alpha, a proinflammatory cytokine, would, when homeopathically potentised, exert an antiinflammatory effect. To do this, 10 people diagnosed with either active psoriasis or rheumatoid arthritis,
were given daily doses of TNF alpha 9C for 3 months and assessed at the beginning and end of thetreatment period. After analyzing the results it was shown that all patients experienced an ameliorationof symptoms, with 2 of the 6 people suffering from psoriasis experiencing complete remission of their
symptoms.
182. Harrison CC, Solomon EM, Pellow J. The effect of a homeopathic complex on
psychophysiological onset insomnia in males: a randomized pilot study. Altern Ther Health Med,2013, 19, 5, 38-43. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-wk pilot study, using matchedpairs, researchers from the Homeopathy Health Clinic at the University of Johannesburg in South Africa
enrolled 28 males aged between 18 and 40 years diagnosed with chronic psychophysiological onset
insomnia (POI). 14 were given a homeopathic combination and 14 were given a placebo. The results
were assessed using the Pre-sleep Arousal Scale (PSAS) and the Sleep Diary (SD), which assessed
sleep-onset latency. On analysis of the results it was found that the group receiving the homeopathic
combination showed a statistically significant improvement in presleep arousal as well as sleep onset
latency over the 4 wks of the study. Intergroup analysis showed through both the PSAS and the SD thatthe homeopathic combination group had outperformed the placebo group by day 28 of the study.
183. Ganguly S, et al. Homeopathic treatment of vitiligo: an open observational pilot study. Int JHigh Dilution Res, 2013, 12, 45, 168-177. This Indian research was carried out to evaluate the effects ofhomeopathic treatment for people suffering from vitiligo. 27 participants were recruited for a prospective
open-label pilot study and treated with individualized homeopathic medicines for 6 months. Efficacy wasassessed after 3 months and 6 months using Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI) score, Vitiligo European
Task Force (VETF) score, and Dermatological Life Quality Index (DLQI) score, which are validated
outcome measures evaluating the area, intensity, spread of depigmentation of vitiligo lesions, andquality of life (QoL). After 6 months of treatment, the median VASI total score improved significantly.
Similarly, the VETF median score improved and the total DLQI median score exhibited significant
improvement.
184. von Ammon K, et al. Long-term effects of homeopathic treatment in children suffering from
attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity. Int J High Dilution Res, 2013, 12, 44, 119120. Proceedings of the XXVII GIRI Symposium; 2013 Sep 03-04; Bern (Switzerland), 119. 56 children
diagnosed with ADHD in accordance with the criteria set out in the DSM-IV were treated withindividualised homeopathy using a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial (RCT), embedded
in a prospective observational study design. After diagnostic screening and a primary run-in phase of
homeopathic treatment, crossover RCT was followed by open-label long term follow-up and costeffectiveness evaluation. At diagnosis, beginning of, and after each crossover period, and at yearlyintervals over 10 years, parents reported Conners’ Global Index (CGI, 10 items, rated 0-3 points each;primary variable) by questionnaire or telephone interview. By the end of the study, 62% of the children
were without any homeopathic (HOM) or medical treatment. In the remaining children, successful results
were achieved in 6 with HOM, 9 with methylphenidate (MPH) and 3 with both HOM and MPH. Duringcross-over RCT, CGI values detected clinically and statistically significant differences between verum
and placebo phase, respectively. Cost-effectiveness evaluation demonstrated non-inferiority of
homeopathic treatment compared to MPH treatment.
185. Coppola L, Montanaro F. Effect of a homeopathic-complex medicine on state and trait anxiety
and sleep disorders: a retrospective observational study. Homeopathy, 2013, 102, 4, 254-61. This
open-label observational study was designed to examine the effects of a homeopathic combination
product on anxiety and the quantitative changes in the sleep pattern of the subjects included in the
study. 71 people suffering from mild to moderate anxiety were assessed for anxiety and sleep habits atbaseline and again after 30 days of use of the combination. At both visits, subjects were administered
the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)-Y questionnaire (consisting of trait and state subscales) toassess their level of anxiety. Sleep quality was assessed based on the subjects' self-reported number ofhours slept and number of night-time awakenings, before and after treatment. When compared tobaseline, the average (STAI)-state score at visit 2 decreased by more than 6 points, while the STAI-traitscore decreased by more than 3 points. The average number of hours slept per night increased
significantly at visit 2 compared to baseline, and a 42% decrease in the average number of night-timeawakenings was also observed.

186. Adler UC, et al. Homeopathic potencies of Opium in alcohol dependence: exploratory openlabel study. Int J High Dilution Res, 2012, 11, 38, 19-24. A Brazilian research team investigated thepossibility of using homeopathically prepared Opium to treat people suffering from alcoholism. To dothis, 12 people diagnosed with this complaint were given Opium 50M and assessed via the Short
Alcohol Dependence Data questionnaire and voluntary alcohol consumption. The test intervention was
associated with a significant reduction in the average daily alcohol consumption (-29.37 units ofalcohol/day; 95% CI=10.63; 48.11) and in the severity of alcohol dependence, measured by the meanscore of the Short Alcohol Dependence Data questionnaire (-10.17; 95% CI= 4.12; 16.22).
187. Oberai P, et al. Homoeopathic management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A
randomised placebo-controlled pilot trial. Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy, 2013, 7, 4,
158-167. This work was designed to compare the effects of individualised homeopathy with placebo, in
6-15 year old children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD. 54 children wererandomly assigned to receive either placebo or homeopathic treatment using LM potency medicines for
12 months, and monitored using Conner’s Parent Rating Scale-Revised: Short, the Clinical Global
Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-SS), Clinical Global Impression-Improvement Scale (CGI-IS) andacademic performance. When compared to the assessment at baseline, after 12 months of treatment,
the homeopathic intervention was associated with a statistically significant improvement in all areas.
188. Oberai P, et al. Homoeopathic management in depressive episodes: A prospective,
unicentric, non-comparative, open-label observational study. Indian Journal of Research in
Homoeopathy, 2013, 7, 3, 116-125. This Indian research looked at the effects of individualised
homeopathic prescriptions for depression. 67 people suffering from clinically confirmed depression weretreated for a period of 12 months, with assessment made at baseline, during and at the end of thetreatment period using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and theClinical Global Impression scale for the purpose of assessment. Data analysis was done as per theintention-to-treat (ITT) principle using SPSS statistics package version 20. All measures showedstatistically significant improvements in depression from the baseline assessment to the end oftreatment.
189. Saha S, et al. Individualized homoeopathy versus placebo in essential hypertension: A
double-blind randomized controlled trial. Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy, 2013, 7, 2,
62-71. The Indian government’s Central Council for Research in Homeopathy coordinated this study on
hypertension and whether or not homeopathic treatment could produce any improvement in it. To dothis, the research team devised a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm trial design
enrolling 132 people with clinically confirmed hypertension. These people were assigned to receive
either placebo or individually prescribed homeopathy for 6 months and assessed at baseline, 3 and 6
months. On analysis at 6 months it was shown that the mean systolic blood pressure reduction was 26.6mm Hg (95% CI 21.5, 31.7) in the homoeopathy group and this increased by 3.6 mm Hg (95% CI -8.7,
1.5) in the placebo group. It was also shown that the mean diastolic blood pressure in the homeopathygroup reduced by 11.8 mm Hg (95% CI 9.2, 14.4) and increased by 1.6 mm Hg (95% CI -3.6, 0.4) in theplacebo group.
190. Chakraborty PS, et al. Effect of homoeopathic LM potencies in acute attacks ofhaemorrhoidal disease: A multicentric randomized single-blind placebo-controlled trial. Indian
Journal of Research in Homoeopathy, 2013, 7, 2, 72-80. This Indian report records the results ofindividualised homeopathic intervention for people suffering from haemorrhoids. Six different clinics
overseen by the Indian Central Council for Homeopathic Research enrolled 278 people suffering fromthe symptoms of haemorrhoids to receive either homeopathic therapy or placebo, for a period of 90days. During this period they were monitored for bleeding, pain, heaviness, itching and quality of life.

On analysis of the results it was shown that, compared to placebo, the use of homeopathy was
associated in a statistically significant reduction in all of the parameters measured and a significant
improvement in quality of life.
191. Chakraborty PS, et al. Effect of individualized homoeopathic treatment in influenza likeillness: A multicenter, single blind, randomized, placebo controlled study. Indian Journal of
Research in Homoeopathy, 2013, 7, 1, 22-30. In more Indian research, a team coordinated by the
Indian Central Council for Homeopathic Research looked into the possible benefits for influenza
sufferers of individualised homeopathy. They looked at the rate of development to post-influenza
complications and compared the effects of LM to centesimal (C) homeopathic potencies in the relief ofinfluenza. Nine clinical centres were involved in the trial and 447 people clinically diagnosed with
influenza were randomly assigned to receive placebo, or individualised homeopathic prescriptions in C
or LM potencies for 10 days. In response, there was a significant difference in temperature from 2nd day
onwards in the LM and C groups. The significant improvement was observed in headache and myalgia
on the 1st day in both the treatment groups. Likewise, significant improvement was noted in malaise on
2nd day in both the groups; sore throat on 1st day in LM and 2nd day in C group; fatigue on 2nd day in LM
and on 3rd day in C group; nasal complaints on 2nd day in LM and 1st day in C group; chill on 3rd day in
LM group and 1st day in C group and in sweat on 1st day in both treatment groups. Cough improved
significantly from 3rd day in both the groups. No statistical improvement was seen in the placebo group.
192. Roll S, et al. Comparative effectiveness of homoeopathic vs. conventional therapy in usual
care of atopic eczema in children: long-term medical and economic outcomes. PLoS One, 2013,
8, 1, e54973. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054973. Epub 2013 Jan 31. German scientists using aprospective multi-centre, comparative, observational, non-randomized, rater-blinded study design,
looked at the effects of either individualised homeopathic or conventional therapy for 135 children
diagnosed with mild to moderate atopic eczema. The main outcome was via the SCORAD (SCORing
Atopic Dermatitis) rating system at 36 months and was performed by a blinded rater. A multilevel
ANCOVA was used, with physician as random effect and the following fixed effects: age, gender,
baseline value, severity score, social class and parents' expectation. The concluding assessment
showed no statistical differences between the clinical outcomes achieved for both groups. It was also
shown that homeopathic treatment was more expensive than conventional therapy.
193. Govekar JP, et al. Clinical evaluation of homoeopathic medicines in sinusitis. Indian Journalof Research in Homoeopathy, 2008, 2, 1, 26-37. This was an open, multi-centric, prospective,
observational study coordinated by an Indian government research team and looked at the effect ofindividualised homeopathy on sinusitis. 394 people diagnosed with acute or chronic sinusitis wereenrolled in the study. Homeopathic medicines in different potencies (Q, 6, 30, 200 & 1M) wereadministered according to their prescribing indications and the treatment period ranged from 1 month to6 years depending upon the nature of the disease condition. Then results showed that 138 patients had
a complete remission of symptoms after a follow up period of one year. Varying degrees of improvement
were seen in the rest of the cohort. Marked improvement was seen in 80 patients, moderate
improvement in 91 patients, and mild improvement was seen in a further 66 patients. 4 patients
experienced an aggravation of their condition and 15 patients showed no improvement.
194. Garg KL. A Study to clinically evaluate the Efficacy of Homoeopathic preparations of
Cinnamonum Q, Erigeron Q, Ficus Religiosa Q, Geranium Maculatum Q, Thlaspi Bursa Pastoris
Q, Ledum pal 30, 200, Trillium Pendulum Q in Menorrhagia. Indian Journal of Research in
Homoeopathy, 2007, 1, 1, 9-12. This Indian government study looked at the potential effectiveness of anumber of predefined homeopathically prepared substances in the management of menorrhagia. To dothis, the researchers enrolled 174 women diagnosed by a gynaecologist with menorrhagia. They weregiven one of the predefined homeopathic medicines based on their presenting signs and symptoms andassessed over 30 days according to predefined criteria. An analysis of the results found that of the 174
women enrolled, 81 showed a marked improvement, 69 experienced a moderate improvement, 13 hada mild improvement and 11 were unresponsive to treatment.
195. Sunil S, et al. An open clinical observational study on the usefulness of pre-definedhomoeopathic medicines in the management of chronic sinusitis. Indian Journal of Research in
Homoeopathy, 2009, 3, 1, 34-40. This study, conducted under the control of the Indian Central Council
for Research in Homoeopathy, sought to determine what improvements, if any, homeopathy could
provide for people suffering from clinically diagnosed chronic sinusitis. To do this, one of 17 predefined
homeopathic medicines in centesimal scale of potencies (30C, 200C and 1M), were prescribed on thebasis of the presenting signs and symptoms. 51 people completed the treatment and follow-up period of
6 months and were assessed using the Chronic Sinusitis Symptom Score (CSSS). At the end of the 6month period, it was shown that 88% of the subjects experienced improvement in varying degrees.
Marked improvement was seen in 31(61%), moderate improvement in 10 (20%) and mild improvementin 4 (8%) of the subjects.
196. Reddy GRC. Treating Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in elderly Men with Homoeopathy – aseries of eleven cases. Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy, 2009. 3, 4, 37-40. In this caseseries from the Indian government’s Clinical Research Unit (Homeopathy) in Andhra Pradesh,
individualised homeopathy was prescribed for 11 men suffering from clinically diagnosed benign
prostatic hyperplasia. They were followed up for one year and assessed via the American Urological
Association Symptom Index (AUASI) to quantify the severity of illness. Of the 11 men treated, 7 wererelieved of their urinary symptoms with the homeopathic medicine Pulsatilla nigricans and 4 with Thuja.
In all the cases, reduction in AUASI score was found. In 6 cases prostate volume was reduced; in 3
cases prostate size and volume increased, while in 2 cases prostate volume remained unchanged.
197. Bindra SK, et al. Usefulness of homoeopathic therapy in Distress During Climacteric Years.
Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy, 2010, 4, 1. 21-28. In this open trial carried out by workers
from the Indian government’s Clinical Research Unit (Homeopathy) in Jharkhand, individualised
homeopathy was prescribed for 35 women diagnosed with menopausal symptoms, for 12 months. An
analysis of the results at this point indicated that averaged level of change in symptoms severity acrossall presenting menopause symptoms was a 68% reduction. Some symptoms, such as hot flushes andnight sweats, were reduced in severity by an average of 90%.
198. Nayak C, et al. A Prospective Multicenter Observational Study to evolve the usefulness ofthe nine predefined homoeopathic medicines in Furunculosis. Homoeopathic Links; Spring 2010;
23: 60-3. This observational study was conducted through 9 different government clinical research
institutes across India and was coordinated by the Indian Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy(CCRH). It was designed to determine which of 9 predefined homeopathically prepared materials could
be useful for the treatment of furunculosis. 397 people who were clinically diagnosed with this disorderformed the study cohort and they were treated for 3 years using a Furunculosis Symptom Score
developed by the CCRH. At the beginning of the study, the results indicated an average FSS of 5.61
and this fell to an average of 1.14 by the end of the study. 85% of the patient population responded to
one of the following four trial medicines: Hepar sulphuris, Antimonium crudum, Sulphur or Calcarea
carbonica.
199. Nayak C, et al. A multicentric open clinical trial to evaluate the usefulness of 13 predefinedhomoeopathic medicines in the management of acute rhinitis in children. Indian Journal of
Research in Homoeopathy, 2010, 4. 2, 23-27. In research conducted across India and coordinated by

the Indian Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, a team of scientists and clinicians sought todetermine what effects, if any, homeopathic treatment had on the clinical outcomes for children sufferingfrom acute rhinitis. 638 children suffering from clinically diagnosed acute rhinitis were given one of
twelve predefined homeopathic medicines in 6C homeopathic potency and their progress followed for 7
days. They were assessed using an acute rhinitis symptom score (ARSS) at baseline and at the end of
the treatment period. Over this time there was a statistically significant improvement in all of the signs
and symptoms observed. The most frequently prescribed medicines were Nux vomica, Merc sol andBelladonna.
200. Goda C, et al. Role of homoeopathic treatment in scabies infection in adivasi children
attending ashram shalas (resident schools). Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy, 2010, 4, 2,
33-40. Using a prospective, randomized controlled, single blind study design, a group of Indian
researchers investigated the capacity of homeopathic therapy to relieve a cohort of 300 Indian
schoolchildren of scabies. The children were divided into three treatment groups i.e. constitutionalgroup, acute / sector group and placebo group. Scabies infection was diagnosed by a dermatologist andgraded according to the severity of infection and children were observed for 2 years. All treatmentgroups were subjected to standard hygienic measures during the course of the study. Results wereanalysed at the end of each year and by the end of the study period it was found that 90% of thechildren from the constitutional group improved at the end of the 1st year whereas 27% from the acuteand 4% from the placebo group improved. At the end of the second year, the rate of improvement of theconstitutional group rose to 98% whereas 48% from the acute and 12% from placebo group improved.
The prevalence of scabies in the school dropped from 52% to 17% at a time when the prevalence of
scabies in the residential schools in the area did not show any reduction.
201. Zanasi A, et al. Homeopathic medicine for acute cough in upper respiratory tract infections
and acute bronchitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pul Pharmacol Ther,
2014, 27, 1, 102-8. Using a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial design, the authorsof this study tested the efficacy of a homeopathic syrup in treating cough arising from Upper Respiratory
Tract Infections (URTI). 80 people with an URTI-related cough were treated with either the homeopathic
syrup or a placebo for a week, and recorded cough severity in a diary by means of a verbal categorydescriptive score for two weeks. Sputum viscosity was assessed with a viscosimeter before and after 4days of treatment and patients were asked to provide a subjective evaluation of viscosity. On analysis of
the results it was shown that in each group, cough scores decreased over time, however, after 4 and 7
days of treatment, cough severity was significantly lower in the homeopathic group than in the placebogroup. Sputum was collected from 53 patients: in both groups, viscosity significantly decreased after 4days of treatment and viscosity was significantly lower in the homeopathic group than in the placebogroup.
202. Gupta G, et al. Evidence based clinical study to assess the usefulness of homoeopathic
medicines in patients of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy,
2010, 4, 2, 49-56. In a collaborative observational study between the Indian Central Council for
Research in Homoeopathy and the Lucknow Homoeopathic Research Foundation, 43 men diagnosed
with benign prostatic hyperplasia were given one of 20 predefined homeopathic medicines andmonitored for 12 months. Assessment was done before and after treatment via the International
Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), ultrasonography, uroflowmetry and Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA).
After comparing pre and post treatment results, the difference in mean values of IPSS, Prostate weight.
PSA and average flow rates were found to be statistically significant. Maximum Flow Rate and Post Void
Residual Urine (PVRU) were improved but statistically not significant. The most frequently prescribed
medicines were Lycopodium, Pulsatilla, Sulphur and Calcarea carb.

203. Chand KS, et al. Homeopathic treatment in addition to standard care in multi drug resistantpulmonary tuberculosis: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial.
Homeopathy, 2014, 103, 2, 97-107. In the face of a global increase in the number of cases of humanmultiple drug resistant tuberculosis (MTRTB), this research was conducted to determine if individualised
homeopathy, in addition to standard care, could improve the prognosis for people suffering from thisdisease. A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study was conducted with 120 people
diagnosed with MDRTB over 5 years. They were randomised to receive standard
regimen + individualised homeopathic medicine (SR + H) or standard regimen + identical placebo(SR + P). The outcome measures were sputum conversion, changes in chest X-ray (CXR),
haemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), weight gain, and clinical improvement. An analysisof the results showed an improvement in most of the outcome measures associated with the use of
homeopathy, in particular, weight gain, ESR and mean haemoglobin and CXR.. In addition, the cure rate
was 11.4% more in SR + H group as compared to placebo group.
204. Rossi E, et al. Homeopathic Therapy in Pediatric Atopic Diseases: Short- and Long-Term
Results. Homeopathy, 2016, 105, 3, 217-224. An Italian team studied the outcomes of atopic diseases(atopic dermatitis, atopic rhintis and asthma) in 857 children treated with homeopathy at the
Homeopathic Clinic of Lucca (Italy) and related long-term results after approximately an 8-year period.
The results showed that 75.8% of atopic children had moderate or major improvement (67.1% withasthma as the primary disease; 84.2% rhinitis; 84.2% dermatitis). At re-evaluation after 5-10 years,
complete remission of atopic symptoms was obtained in 70.1% of the children: 84.2% in dermatitis;
48.1% in allergic rhinitis; 71.4% in asthma. Children with two or three atopic diseases at the first visit
were completely cured in 40% of cases.
205. Peckham EJ, et al. Interim Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial of Homeopathic
Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Homeopathy, 2014, 103, 3, 172-177. A UK research teamrandomly assigned 94 people diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) to receive one of threeinterventions- usual care, individualised homeopathic treatment provided by two professional
homeopaths plus usual medical care, and supportive listening plus usual medical care. The treatment
persisted for 26 weeks and patients were assessed via a change in irritable bowel symptom severity. Aninterim assessment of the results found no statistically significant difference between the three arms.
However, a post-hoc test comparing homeopathic treatment plus usual care to usual care alone found a
statistically significant difference in favour of homeopathic treatment. In addition, 62.5 percent of patientsin the homeopathic treatment arm (compared to 25.0 percent of those in the usual medical care arm),
achieved a clinically relevant change in irritable bowel symptom severity score.
206. Miglani A, Manchanda RK. Observational Study of Arctium Lappa in the Treatment of Acne
Vulgaris. Homeopathy, 2014, 103, 203-207. This uncontrolled observational study, conducted throughIndia’s Central Council for Research in Homeopathy, sought to scientifically validate the management ofacne, with homeopathically prepared Arctium, which is a relatively common prescription for this problem.
32 people diagnosed with acne vulgaris who met the study’s inclusion criteria were given 6C to 1M
homeopathic potencies of Arctium over a period of 6 months. Assessment was done by observing thechange in acne lesion counts supplemented with Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) and subjective
assessment by using Acne-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire (Acne-QoL). The results displayed
statistically significant improvement in all of the parameters measured.
207. Frass M, et al. Influence of Adjunctive Classical Homeopathy on Global Health Status andSubjective Wellbeing in Cancer Patients - A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Complement
Ther Med, 2015, 23, 3, 309-317. The Medical University of Vienna was the setting for this randomised,
controlled work that looked at whether homeopathy has the capacity to influence global health status

and subjective wellbeing, when used as an adjunct to conventional cancer therapy. 410 people
diagnosed with cancer were treated either with standard anti-neoplastic or individualised homeopathic
adjunctive therapy in addition to standard therapy. The main outcome measures were global healthstatus and subjective wellbeing, as assessed by the patients. At each of three visits (one baseline, twofollow-up visits), patients filled in two different questionnaires. The improvement of global health status
between visits 1 and 3 was significantly stronger in the homeopathy group (p=0.005) when comparedwith the control group. A significant group difference was also observed with respect to subjective
wellbeing by (p<0.001) in favour of the homeopathic as compared with the control group. Control
patients showed a significant improvement only in subjective wellbeing between their first and third
visits.
208. Macias-Cortes EC, et al, Individualised Homeopathic Treatment And Fluoxetine For Moderate
To Severe Depression In Peri- And Postmenopausal Women (HOMDEP-MENOP study): A
Randomized, Double-Dummy, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. PLoS One, 2015 Mar
13;10(3):e0118440. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118440. eCollection 2015. Researchers working in a
public hospital in Mexico City assessed the efficacy and safety of individualised homeopathic treatment
versus placebo and fluoxetine versus placebo in peri- and postmenopausal women with moderate tosevere depression. The research model used was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind,double-dummy, superiority, three-arm trial with a 6 week follow-up. 133 peri- and postmenopausal
hospital outpatients diagnosed with major depression according to DSM-IV (moderate to severe
intensity) were included in the study. The outcomes were: change in the mean total score among groups
on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Beck Depression Inventory and Greene Scale,after 6 weeks of treatment, response and remission rates, and safety. Efficacy data were analysed in theintention-to-treat population (ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc test). Fluoxetine acted as a positive
control. After 6 weeks of treatment, it was shown that homeopathy and fluoxetine are effective and safe
antidepressants for climacteric women. Homeopathy and fluoxetine were significantly different fromplacebo in response definition only. Homeopathy, but not fluoxetine, improved menopausal symptoms
scored by Greene Climacteric Scale.
209. Saha S, et al, Documentation Of Prescriptions And Clinical Outcomes In A Homeopathic
Hospital Setting In West Bengal, India. J Evid Based Complement Altern Med, 2015, 20, 3, 180-185.
This work was deigned to assess prescriptions and clinical outcomes in routine homeopathic practice.
Six homeopathic physicians participated in methodical data collection over a 3-month period in 6
outpatient departments of Mahesh Bhattacharyya Homeopathic Medical College and Hospital, West
Bengal, India. A specifically designed Microsoft Excel spreadsheet enabled recording of consecutive
appointments-date, patient identity, medical condition/complaint, whether chronic/acute, new/follow-up
case, patient-assessed outcome (7-point Likert-type scale: -3 to +3), prescribed homeopathic
medication, and whether other medication/s being taken for the condition. Spreadsheets were submittedmonthly for data synthesis and analysis. A total of 1972 patients' follow-up generated data of 2905
appointments, of which 2272 (78.2%) were positive, 183 (6.3%) negative, and 450 (15.5%) showed nochange. Strongly positive outcomes (scores of +2/+3) were recorded in osteoarthritis, haemorrhoids,
cough, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, chronic suppurative otitis media, and conjunctivitis.
210. Brule D, et al. An Open-Label Pilot Study Of Homeopathic Treatment Of Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder In Children And Youth. Forsch Komplementmed, 2014, 21. 5. 302-309.
Researchers attempted to determine the effects of individualised homeopathic therapy for attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Participants (aged 6-16) were recruited through community
advertisement and outreach. Participants completed 1 screening and 9 individualised homeopathic
follow-up consultations. ADHD symptoms were assessed using the Conners 3 - Parent Questionnaireadministered at each consultation. The pre- and post-study difference in Conners Global Index - Parent

(CGI-P) T-score was evaluated for each participant. Baseline data of those who showed a statisticallysignificant improvement (responders) were compared to those who did not (non-responders). 35
participants were enrolled over 11 months. 80% completed all 10 consultations in a median of 12.1
months. 63% had a statistically significant improvement in the primary outcome, first occurring after amean of 4.5 visits. Overall scores for participants completing at least 2 data points decreased from abaseline median of 85.5 to 74.0 (p < 0.001, CI 95%). There were no significant baseline differences
between responders and non-responders and no serious adverse events related to the therapy werereported.
211. Malapane E, Solomon EM, Pellow J. Efficacy Of A Homeopathic Complex On Acute Viral
Tonsillitis. J Altern Complement Med, 2014, 20, 11, 868-873. This study aimed to determine theefficacy of a homeopathic complex on the symptoms of acute viral tonsillitis in children in South Africa
using a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Thirty children aged 6 to 12 years anddiagnosed with acute viral tonsillitis were recruited from a primary school in Gauteng, South Africa.
Participants took two tablets containing a homeopathic combination four times daily for 6 days. The
treatment group received lactose tablets medicated with the homeopathic combination (Atropa
belladonna 4X, Calcarea phosphoricum 4X, Hepar sulphuris 4X, Kalium bichromat 4X, Kalium
muriaticum 4X, Mercurius protoiodid 10X, and Mercurius biniodid 10X). The placebo consisted of
unmedicated lactose tablets. Symptoms were assessed using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating
Scale measured pain intensity, and a Symptom Grading Scale. The results showed that the treatmentgroup had a statistically significant improvement in the following symptoms compared with the placebogroup: pain associated with tonsillitis, pain on swallowing, erythema and inflammation of the pharynx,
and tonsil size.
212. Mourao LC, et al. Additional Effects Of Homeopathy On Chronic Periodontitis: A 1-year
Follow-Up Randomized Clinical Trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 2014, 20, 3, 141-146.
Periodontology experts from Brazil tested the hypothesis that homeopathy (H) enhances the effects ofscaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). To do this, 50 patients with CP
were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups: SRP (C-G) or SRP + H (H-G). Assessments
were made at baseline and after 3 and 12 months of treatments. The local and systemic responses tothe treatments were evaluated by clinical and serologic parameters, respectively. After analysing theresults it was found that both groups displayed significant improvements, however, using clinicalattachment gain and reductions in HDL, LDL and total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and uric acid,from baseline to 1 year, as criteria for treatment success, H-G performed significantly better than C-G.
213. Naidoo P, Pellow J. A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study of Cat Saliva 9cH andHistaminum 9cH in Cat Allergic Adults. Homeopathy, 2013, 102, 123-129. A team from the University
of Johannesburg conducted a study designed to determine the effect of Cat saliva 9C and Histaminum
9C (combined) on cat allergic adults. 30 participants with a positive test result for a cat allergy skin prick
test (SPT) were recruited to a double-blind, randomised, placebo controlled clinical trial. Participants
took two tablets twice daily for 4 weeks of either a placebo, or a combination of the Cat saliva andHistaminum, and attended a follow-up consultation at the end of weeks 2 and 4. The measurement tool
used was the SPT, conducted at the beginning and at the end of the study. The active medicine
produced a statistically significant reduction in the wheal diameter of the cat allergen SPT at the end ofweek 4. The placebo group showed no statistically significant change.
214. Rossi E, et al. Long-Term Results in Children with Atopic Dermatitis. Homeopathy, 2012, 101,
13-20. Researchers from Tuscany in Italy studied the socio-demographic features and the results ofhomeopathic treatment for atopic diseases in children. This was an observational longitudinal studycarried out on 213 children with atopic diseases out of 551 children consecutively examined from
September 1998 to December 2008. The team used the Glasgow Homeopathic Hospital Outcome
Score to evaluate the results that were classified on the basis of a Likert scale. Eighty-three (39%)
children were affected by asthma, 51 (24%) by allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, 76 (36%) by atopic dermatitis(AD) and 3 (1%) by food intolerance. 104 children were available for follow-up and 65 (62.5%) of them
reported a major improvement or resolution. The parents of paediatric patients suffering from AD, who
had started homeopathic treatment at <4.9 years of age were invited to follow-up assessment 8 years
later and 40 children (mean age 12.9) were examined; 28/40 (70%) had a complete disappearanceof AD, 12/40 children (30.0%) were still affected by AD; 8/40 (20%) had asthma and 8/40
patients had, or developed, allergic rhinitis.
215. Bell IR, et al, Nonlinear Dynamical Systems Effects of Homeopathic Remedies on Multiscale
Entropy and Correlation Dimension of Slow Wave Sleep EEG in Young Adults with Histories of
Coffee-induced Insomnia. Homeopathy, 2012, 101, 182-192. Iris Bell and a team of researchers fromthe University of Arizona investigated homeopathic medicine related sleep stage alterations in humansubjects by testing the feasibility of using two different nonlinear dynamical systems (NDS) analytic
approaches to assess remedy effects on human slow wave sleep EEG. To do this, 54 young adult maleand female college students with a history of coffee-related insomnia participated in a 4-week study ofthe polysomnographic effects of homeopathic medicines on home-based all-night sleep recordings.
Subjects took one bedtime dose of a homeopathic remedy (Coffea cruda 30C or Nux vomica 30C). The
team computed multiscale entropy (MSE) and the correlation dimension (Mekler-D2) for stages 3 and 4
slow wave sleep EEG sampled in artefact-free 2-min segments during the first two rapid-eye-movement(REM) cycles for remedy and post-remedy nights, controlling for placebo and post-placebo night effects.
MSE results indicated significant, remedy-specific directional effects, especially later in the night (REM
cycle 2) Overall, the results showed that the homeopathic medicines Coffea cruda and Nux vomica in
30c potencies altered short-term nonlinear dynamic parameters of slow wave sleep EEG in healthy
young adults.
216. Shafei HF, Abdel Dayem SM, Mohamed NH. Individualised Homeopathy in a Group of
Egyptian Asthmatic Children. Homeopathy, 2012, 101, 224-230. Using a prospective observational
longitudinal study design, workers from the, National Research Center in Cairo evaluated individualised
homeopathy as an adjunctive treatment for bronchial asthma in children. The effects of homeopathic
medicines were assessed in 30 children with asthma as an adjunct to conventional treatment. The main
outcome measures were frequency of attacks, use of medication, night awakening and spirometry atbaseline and at follow-up till 6 months. An analysis of the results showed clinically relevant andstatistically significant changes in asthma severity, indicating relative improvements after 3 months andabsolute improvements after 6 months of treatment by homeopathic medicines, providing evidence that
homeopathic medicines, as prescribed by experienced homeopathic practitioners, improve severity ofasthma in children. The most frequently indicated medicines were Hepare sulph, Ant tart, Calc carb andNat mur.
217. Hati AK, et al. Constitutional, Organopathic and Combined Homeopathic Treatment of
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy: a Clinical Trial. Homeopathy, 2012, 101, 217-223. A team of Indianscientists compared homeopathic treatment strategies using constitutional medicines (CM) or
organopathic
medicines (OM) alone or in combination (BCOM) in patients suffering from benign prostatic hypertrophy(BPH). 220 men aged 30-90 years were recruited in Odisha, India. Patients presenting with symptoms
of prostatism, with or without evidence of bladder outflow obstruction, were included in the study.
Patients with serum prostate specific antigen (PSA)> 4 nmol/mL, malignancy, complete urine retention,

stone formation and gross bilateral hydronephrosis were excluded. Patients were sequentially allocatedto OM, CM or BCOM. The main outcome measure was the International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS). 73, 70 and 77 patients respectively were sequentially allocated to OM, CM or BCOM. 180
patients (60 per group) completed treatment and were included in the final analysis. Overall 85% of
patients showed improvement of subjective symptoms such as frequency, urgency, hesitancy,intermittent flow, unsatisfactory urination, feeble stream, diminution of residual urine volume but there
was no reduction in prostate size. Treatment response was highest with BCOM (38.24%) compared toOM (31.62%) and CM (30.15%). Effect sizes were highest for the decrease in IPSS, residual urine
volume and urinary flow rate.
218. Mehra P. Usefulness of Homoeopathy in Essential Hypertension: An Exploratory
Interventional Trial. Homeopathy, 2014, 103, 1, 88. This work from New Delhi, which was anobservational study done as part of a post-graduate thesis, examined the usefulness of homoeopathic
medicines in the management of essential hypertension (EH). The study was conducted at the Dharam
Kiran Govt. Homoeopathic Hospital, Hyderabad from 2004-06. 30 people diagnosed EH were enrolledfrom the outpatients department of the hospital. Individualisd homeopathic medicines were prescribed
and modifiable risk factors such as obesity excess salt intake, alcohol consumption etc. were recorded
at baseline. The cases with Stage II hypertension as per Joint National Committee on prevention,
detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure VII report (JNC VII) were followed up every
15 days and cases with Stage I hypertension were followed every one month for one year. Status wasassessed considering changes in staging according to the JNC VII and general health. The main
outcome measure was the change in blood pressure in Stage I and II hypertension..Data was analysedby using statistical software SPSS version 16 and Wilcoxon’s signed rank test.16 (53.33%) cases
showed marked improvement, 8 (26.67%) cases improved moderately, 3 (10%) showed no
improvement and 3 (10%) cases dropped out. Arsenicum album, Natrum muraticum, Nux vomica,
Causticum and Lycopodium were found useful in the management of essential hypertension. The
difference in values for both systolic and diastolic blood pressures before and after treatment were foundto be statistically significant (p<0.001).
219. Van Wassenhoven M. Clinical Verification in Homeopathy and Allergic Conditions.
Homeopathy, 2013, 102, 54-58. In this report, Michel Van Wassenhoven described the clinically verified
prescribing symptoms of homeopathic medicines used in his clinic in the treatment of people presenting
with atopic disorders. For preventive treatments in hay fever patients, Arsenicum album was the mosteffective homeopathic medicine followed by Nux vomica, Pulsatilla pratensis, Gelsemium, Sarsaparilla,
Silicea and Natrum muriaticum. For asthma patients, Arsenicum iodatum appeared most effective,
followed by Lachesis, Calcarea arsenicosa, Carbo vegetabilis and Silicea. For eczema and urticaria,
Mezereum was most effective, followed by Lycopodium, Sepia, Arsenicum iodatum, Calcarea carbonica
and Psorinum.
220. Nayak C, et al. A Prospective Multi-centric Open Clinical Trial of Homeopathy in Diabetic
Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy. Homeopathy, 2013, 102, 130-138. A prospective multi-centricclinical observational study was carried out to evaluate homeopathic treatment in the management ofdiabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy. It was conducted from October 2005 to September 2009 by
the Central Council for Research in Homeopathy (CCRH) (India) at its five Institutes/Units. Patients
suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM) and presenting with symptoms of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN)
were screened, investigated and were enrolled in the study after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion
criteria. Patients were evaluated using the Diabetic Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy Symptom Score(DDSPSS) developed by the Council. A total of 15 homeopathic medicines were identified after
repertorising the nosological symptoms and signs of the disease. The appropriate constitutional
medicine was selected and prescribed in 30C, 200C and 1M potency on an individualised basis.

Patients were followed up regularly for 12 months. Out of 336 patients (167 males and 169 females)
enrolled in the study, 247 patients (123 males and 124 females) were assessed. All patients who
attended at least three follow-up appointments and baseline curve conduction studies were included in
the analysis.). A statistically significant improvement in DDSPSS total score (p = 0.0001) was found at
12 months from baseline. Most objective measures did not show significant improvement. Lycopodium
clavatum (n = 132), Phosphorus (n = 27) and Sulphur (n = 26) were the medicines most frequently
prescribed.
221. Wadhwani GG. Homeopathic Drug Therapy Homeopathy in Chikungunya Fever and PostChikungunya Chronic Arthritis: An Observational Study. Homeopathy, 2013, 102, 193-198. The
objective of this Indian study was to observe the effect of homeopathic therapy in Chikungunya Fever(CF) and in Post-Chikungunya Chronic Arthritis (PCCA) in a primary health care setting using aprospective observational study design. It was conducted at the Delhi Government Homeopathic
Dispensary, Aali Village, New Delhi, India, from the 1st of October 2010 to the 31st of March 2011. 126
patients (75 CF and 51 PCCA) were enrolled based on predefined inclusion criteria. A single
homeopathic medicine was prescribed for each patient after case taking with the help of a homeopathic
materia medica and/or repertory. Results were evaluated on the basis of visual analogue scale andsymptom scores. Complete recovery was seen in 84.5% CF cases in a mean time of 6.8 days. 90%
cases of PCCA recovered completely in a mean time of 32.5 days.
222. Mathie R, et al. Homeopathic Treatment of Patients with Influenza-like Illness during the 2009
A/H1N1 Influenza Pandemic in India. Homeopathy, 2013, 102, 187-192. . This prospective, multicentre, data collection survey was carried out to examine the practice of homeopathic practitioners inIndia in the management of influenza-like illness in India during the 2009 pandemic of A/H1N1 influenza(‘swine flu’, SF) with respect to: (a) patients’ symptoms at presentation and at follow-up (FU)consultation; (b) homeopathic medicines prescribed. Data collection took place from October 2009 to
February 2010, at the peak of the pandemic. All patients satisfying the minimum diagnostic symptoms of
SF were eligible for inclusion. Data per appointment (in person or by telephone) were recorded bypractitioners in spreadsheet format. All records were included: regardless of whether patient was
immunised against A/H1N1; influenza symptoms at consultation; the homeopathic medicine/s
prescribed; or whether antiviral medicine were prescribed. Twenty-three homeopathic physicians
contributed to data collection. At the first appointment, 1126 patients had valid SF symptoms. A total of
89 different combinations of SF symptoms was observed, the most common being temperature >38_C +cough + runny nose (n = 170; 15.1%). A total of 44 different homeopathic medicines (or combinations of
medicines) were used at these first appointments, the most frequently prescribed being Arsenicum
album (n = 265; 23.5%). For a total of 99 FU appointments with valid SF symptoms, Arsenicum album
was prescribed most frequently overall (n = 28; 28.0%).
223. Nobel S, et al. The Efficacy and Safety of a Homeopathic Arnica Gel (Arnicare) in theTreatment of Sports Injury. Homeopathy, 2014, 103, 1, 92. A joint US and French research teamsought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a homeopathic Arnica gel (Arnicare) in the treatment ofsports related muscular soreness and pain via the use of a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled
clinical trial. 120 moderately trained athletes who experienced pain and stiffness after competitive sports
games were randomly assigned to receive either a homeopathic gel containing 7% Arnica montana 1X,
or a matching placebo, applied to the lower extremities 3 times daily shortly before and after sports
games until the resolution of symptoms. Pain and stiffness at different time points were assessed on a
100mm visual analogue scale after three sports games. The overall (baseline adjusted) level of stiffness
during the 72 hours following the sports game was significantly less in the Arnicare group as comparedtothe placebo group (23.7mm versus 29.1mm, P=0.02). With regard to the overall level of pain there wasa similar trend that did not reach statistical significance (24.9mm versus 27.9mm, P=0.17). Betweengroup differences were most pronounced 12-36 hours post-exercise. 2 subjects in the arnica groupexperienced mild side effects (slight tingling, itching) that did not lead to discontinuation of the treatment.
224. Jurcau R, Jurcau I, Vithoulkas G.. The Influence of Aconitum Napellus Versus Placebo, on
Anxiety and Salivary Cortisol, in Stress Induced by Intense and Short Term Physical Effort.
Homeopathy, 2014, 103, 1, 72. Renowned homeopath George Vithoulkas and Romanian researchers
collaborated in this study to determine the effects of homeopathically prepared Aconite on anxiety andsalivary cortisol, in peri-stress changes induced by intense and short term physical effort, on sedentary
subjects. 30 people exhibiting the homeopathic prescribing symptoms for Aconite experienced stress asa result of intense and short term physical effort, via the use of a Monark Ergomedic 839E cycle
ergometer. Subjects were assigned to one of three groups. The first, the control group (C), who was not
given anything; the second received placebo (P), and the third received Aconite. These interventions
were applied before the use of the cycle ergometer. Anxiety and cortisol assessments were carried out
on the day following the use of the cycle ergometer. Statistical evaluations were made on the basis ofStudent test. Although the values for anxiety and salivary cortisol were slightly higher for the C groupcompared with the P group, the differences between them were not significant. One of the more notablefindings from the research was that for the group given Aconite, anxiety and salivary cortisol weresignificantly reduced immediately pre- and post effort.
225. Peckham EJ, et al. Interim Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial of Homeopathic
Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Homeopathy, 2014, 103, 172-177. This English work
describes the effects of homeopathic treatment in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). A three-armed trial
was conducted which compared: usual care, homeopathic treatment plus usual care, and supportive
listening plus usual care for IBS. The primary outcome was change in irritable bowel symptom severity
score between baseline and 26 weeks, calculated using ANCOVA. An interim ANCOVA adjusted forbaseline IBS severity, age and employment status, found no statistically significant differences between
the three arms. However, a post-hoc test comparing homeopathic treatment plus usual care to usual
care alone found a statistically significant difference in favour of homeopathic treatment. In addition,
62.5 percent of patients in the homeopathic treatment arm (compared to 25.0 percent of those in theusual care arm), achieved a clinically relevant change in irritable bowel symptom severity score, whichindicates a promising effect for homeopathic treatment, though these results should be interpreted withcaution due to the low number of participants in the study (93 people completed the study).
226. Danno K, et al. China rubra for Side-Effects of Quinine: A Prospective, Randomised Study inPregnant Women with Malaria in Cotonou, Benin. Homeopathy, 2014, 103, 165-171. A French teamevaluated the impact of the homeopathic medicine, China rubra 7C, on the side-effects of quinine used
as a treatment for acute malaria in pregnant women in Cotonou, Benin. Using a prospective,
comparative, randomised study design, women were included if they were >3 months pregnant and hada clinical diagnosis of malaria confirmed by a positive thick blood smear. The study population was
divided into two groups: (i) patients who presented between the 1st and 15th of each month and who
received China rubra 7C plus quinine (China group); and (ii) patients who presented from the 16th to theend of each month and who received treatment with quinine only (Standard group). The aim was tocompare the frequency of side-effects of quinine in the two groups until day 6 after the start of treatment.
Neither the patients nor the care givers were blinded to the study treatment. A statistical comparison of
the two groups was carried out with an alpha risk fixed at 5%. 211 women were recruited: 105 received
quinine plus China rubra 7C (China group) and 106 received quinine only (Standard group). A decreasein proportion of patients presenting with side-effects was observed in the China group from day 0 to day
6 of follow-up (53.9%-23.3%) whereas the proportion of patients with side-effects in the Standard groupdid not change significantly (85.9% on day 0 vs. 82.5% on day 6). Ninety-six (72.4%) patients in the
China group and 103 (97.2%) in the Standard group reported at least one side-effect during follow-up (p< 0.0001). The most frequently reported side-effects were tinnitus, dizziness and asthenia.
227. Chauhan VK, et al. Efficacy of Homeopathic Intervention in Subclinical Hypothyroidism With
or Without Autoimmune Thyroiditis in Children: An Exploratory Randomized Control Study.
Homeopathy, 2014, 103, 224-231. This Indian study was an exploratory, randomised, placebo
controlled, single blind trial. Out of 5059 Indian school children (6-18 years) screened for thyroid
disorders, 537 children had subclinical hypothyroidism/autoimmune thyroiditis (SCH/AIT) and 194
consented to participate in the study. Based on primary outcome measures (TSH and/or antiTPOab)three major groups were formed: Group A- SCH + AIT (n = 38; high TSH with antiTPOab+), Group BAIT (n = 47; normal TSH with antiTPOab+) and Group C- SCH (n = 109; only high TSH) and were
further randomised to two subgroups- verum and control. Individualised homeopathy or identicalplacebo was given to the respective subgroups. 162 patients completed 18 months of study. Baselinecharacteristics were similar in all the subgroups. The post treatment serum TSH (Group A and C)
returned to normal limits in 85.94% of verum and 64.29% of controls (p < 0.006), while serum
AntiTPOab titers (Group A and B) returned within normal limits in 70.27% of the verum group and27.02% of the controls (p < 0.05). Eight children (10.5%) progressed to overt hypothyroidism (OH) fromthe control group. In conclusion, statistically significant declines in serum TSH values and antiTPOabtiters indicates that the homeopathic intervention has not only the potential to treat SCH with or without
antiTPOab but may also prevent the progression to OH.
228. Frei H. Homeopathic Treatment of Multimorbid Patients: A Prospective Outcome Study with
Polarity Analysis. Homeopathy, 2015, 104, 57-65. This study reports on the work of Swiss researcher,
Heiner Frei, who used polarity analysis (PA) in the homeopathic treatment of patients withmultimorbidity. PA came to prominence through a Swiss homeopathic ADHD double-blind study, which
successfully demonstrated a significant difference between homeopathic medicines and placebo. PA
enables homeopaths to calculate a relative healing probability, based on Boenninghausen’s grading ofpolar symptoms. After its evaluation in the treatment of a variety of acute and chronic disease, whichshowed improved results compared to a conventional homeopathic approach, PA was tested withmultimorbid patients. Since such patients almost invariably have a multiple symptoms, the question waswhether PA is appropriate or whether the method is rendered ineffective by the multitude of symptoms.
PA was used with 50 multimorbid patients and they were followed over one year. 43 patients (86%)
completed the observation period, achieving an average improvement of 91% in their initial symptoms.
Six patients dropped out, and one did not achieve an improvement of 80%, and was therefore alsocounted as a treatment failure. The cost of homeopathic treatment was 41% of the projected equivalent
conventional treatment.
229. Saha S, et al. Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Scenario of an Indian Homeopathic
Hospital: A Prospective, Research-Targeted Study. Journal of Traditional and Complementary
Medicine, 2015, 3, 1-4. The authors of this study aimed to document prescriptions and clinical outcomesin routine homeopathic practice to short list promising areas of targeted research and efficacy trials of
homeopathy in obstetrics and gynaecology (O&G). Three homeopathic physicians participated inmethodical data collection over a 3-month period in the O&G outpatient setting of The Calcutta
Homeopathic Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal, India. A specifically designed Excel
spreadsheet was used to record data on consecutive appointments, including date, patient identity,socioeconomic status, place of abode, religion, medical condition/complaint, whether chronic/acute,new/follow-up case, patient-assessed outcome (7-point Likert scale), prescribed homeopathic
medication, and whether other medication/s was being taken for the condition. These spreadsheets
were submitted monthly for data synthesis and analysis. Data on 878 appointments (429 patients) werecollected, of which 61% were positive, 20.8% negative, and 18.2% showed no change. Chronic
conditions (93.2%) were chiefly encountered. A total of 434 medical conditions and 52 varieties werereported overall. The most frequently treated conditions were leucorrhea (20.5%), irregular menses(13.3%), dysmenorrhea (10%), menorrhagia (7.5%), and hypomenorrhea (6.3%). Strongly positive
outcomes were mostly recorded in oligomenorrhea (41.7%), leucorrhea (34.1%), polycystic ovary(33.3%), dysmenorrhea (28%), and irregular menses (22.2%). Individualised prescriptions predominated(95.6%). A total of 122 different medicines were prescribed in decimal (2.9%), centesimal (87.9%), and50 millesimal potencies (4.9%). Mother tinctures and placebo were prescribed in 3.4% and 30.4% of
instances, respectively. Several instances of medicine-condition pairings were detected.
230. Saha S, et al. Documentation of Prescriptions and Clinical Outcomes in a Homeopathic
Hospital Setting in West Bengal, India. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative
Medicine, 2015, 1-6. In this work, 6 homeopathic physicians participated in a methodical data collection
over a 3-month period in outpatient departments of the Mahesh Bhattacharyya Homeopathic Medical
College and Hospital, West Bengal, India. A specifically designed Microsoft Excel spreadsheet enabled
the recording of consecutive appointments- date, patient identity, medical condition/complaint, whether
chronic/acute, new/follow-up case, patient-assessed outcome (7-point Likert-type scale: -3 to +3),
prescribed homeopathic medication, and whether other medication/s were being taken for the condition.
Spreadsheets were submitted monthly for data synthesis and analysis. A total of 1972 patients’ followup generated data of 2905 appointments, of which 2272 (78.2%) were positive, 183 (6.3%) negative,
and 450 (15.5%) showed no change. Strongly positive outcomes (scores of +2/+3) were recorded inosteoarthritis, haemorrhoids, cough, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, chronic suppurative otitis media,
and conjunctivitis.
231. Taylor JA, Jacobs J. Homeopathic Ear Drops As An Adjunct To Standard Therapy In Children
With Acute Otitis Media. Homeopathy, 2011, 100, 109-115. 94 children diagnosed with acute otitis
media were randomly assigned to receive either standard medical care or homeopathic ear drops. The
treatment was given for 5 days and the symptoms were monitored by the children’s parents using a
rating scale for 5 symptoms of the disease. The results showed a statistically significant superiority of
response to the homeopathic ear drops compared to standard medical treatment and the rate ofsymptom improvement occurred more rapidly in those children who were given homeopathics.
232. Leone L, et al. Measuring the Effectiveness of Homeopathic Care Through Objective andShared Indicators. Homeopathy, 2011, 100, 212-219. This Italian study looked at the effects ofhomeopathic treatment as measured by the level of patient’s pharmaceutical drug use as well as
standard medical hospitalisation indicators. The study was carried out using data from two homeopathic
centres in the Local Health Authority in Pisa and compared users of homeopathic medicine with thegeneral population in the same area. It was shown from this that the patients using homeopathic
medicines were able to reduce their intake of pharmaceutical drugs significantly and frequently showed
improvements in hospitalissation indicators when compared with the general population.
233. Ghosh S, et al. Dental Practice Scenario in a Government Homeopathic Hospital in West
Bengal, India. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 2014, 1-5. This wasa systematic review of data on dental homeopathy from the dental outpatient section in a government
homeopathic hospital in West Bengal, India. One conventionally trained dentist and 3 homeopathic
doctors collected data from 949 appointments of 411 patients over 3 months. A specifically designed
Excel spreadsheet enabled recording of consecutive dental appointments that was subjected to datasynthesis and analysis. A total of 87.3% conditions were chronic, and chronic periodontitis was mostfrequent (27.5%). Positive outcomes were observed in 72.3% appointments. Strongly positive outcomes(scores of +2 or +3) were achieved most notably in toothache (84.6%). Single medicines wereprescribed in 83.5% of encounters, and mostly in tincture form (29.9%). Arnica montana constituted of
17.8% prescriptions.
234. Gupta G, et al. Evidence Based Clinical Study to Assess the Usefulness of Homoeopathic
Medicines in Patients of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy,
2010, 4, 4, 49-56. Indian researchers from the Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy and the
Homoeopathic Research Foundation, Lucknow, collaborated in this observational study which looked at
the effects of predetermined homeopathic medicines for the treatment of Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy(BPH). 43 men previously diagnosed with BPH took part in the study. Individualised homeopathic
medicines were prescribed and the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), ultrasonography,
uroflowmetry and Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) were assessed before and after homoeopathic
treatment. After comparing pre and post treatment results, the difference in mean values of IPSS,
prostate weight, PSA and average flow rates were found to be statistically significant. Maximum flowrate and Post Void Residual Urine (PVRU) were improved but statistically not significant. Lycopodium(n=15), Pulsatilla (n=11), Sulphur (n=8) and Calcarea carb. (n=3) were found to be most useful among
10 medicines prescribed. Overall, 93.0% of patients improved clinically with an evidence of positivechanges in diagnostic parameters.
235. Patel M, et al. An Approach to Acute Diarrhoeal Disorders Through Sector and Constitutional
Homoeopathic Treatment in Tribal Children Attending Balwadi. Indian Journal of Research in
Homoeopathy, 2010, 4, 4, 36-46. This Indian study was undertaken to verify the efficacy of acutehomeopathic treatment in the management of diarrhoea and exploring the role of individualised
homeopathic medicine in preventing its recurrence. 300 children were selected from 10 Anganwadi(Balwadi day care centre) from the tribal population having a known high prevalence of diarrhoea. A
randomised case control, single, blinded method was used to prove the efficacy of the treatment. For
this purpose, the sample was divided into three groups: acute remedy group, acute remedy followed byconstitutionally prescribed homeopathy, and a placebo group as a control. Basic hygienic measures
were explained to the parents and they were followed up regularly. The results of the study showed that,compared the controls, the acute homeopathic medicines had a definite role in altering the course of
acute diarrhoea and when the acute medicine was followed up by the constitutional medicine it had asignificant impact in bringing down the frequency, shortening the duration, and decreasing the intensityof further episodes of diarrhoea. This strategy also showed a definite positive response in the general
well being of the child in terms of weight gain and general activity.
236. Muraleedharan KC, et al. Effectiveness of Homoeopathic Medicines in HIV patients - A
Clinical Trial. Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy, 2010, 4, 4, 29-35. This Indian study was an
open-label observational prospective multi-centre design of 18 months duration. Subjects were selectedfrom a group of people with confirmed HIV infection, who reported for homoeopathic treatment at the
Outpatient Department of the Regional Research Institute of Homoeopathy, Mumbai and the ClinicalResearch Unit of Homoeopathy at Chennai. The study used individualised homoeopathic medicines
selected through repertorisation. The aim of study was to observe the changes in CD4 and viral load
volumes after the use of individualised homoeopathic medicines. 72 patients, who completed the follow
up period were assessed. An analysis of the results found that there was significant change in viral load
volume as compared to the baseline data (95% CI, 0.16, 1.24, p=0.012), but no significant changes wasobserved in CD4 cells (95% CI, -9.31, 57.84, p=0.154). Body Mass Index (BMI) (95%,-1.12,-.57,
p<0.001) showed significant improvement. After the homoeopathic intervention, WHO-QOL (Quality ofLife) parameters showed statistical significant changes at p<0.05 in physical health, psychological andenvironmental domains but in social domain no significant change was noted.

237. Gupta N, et al. Homoeopathic Medicinal Treatment of Autism. Indian Journal of Research in
Homoeopathy, 2010, 4, 4, 19-28. An Indian research team set out to investigate the effects ofindividualised homeopathic treatment in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). 25 children who had been
diagnosed with ASD were enrolled in the study. They received individualised homoeopathic treatment
and their progress was followed for 18 months. Significant positive & curative response withhomoeopathic medicines in subjects with ASD was found, suggesting that homoeopathic medicines canprovide relief from abnormal behavioural problems in children presenting with ASD.
238. Siddiqui VA, et al. To Explore the Utility of Homoeopathic Medicine Lycopodium Clavatum in
Urinary Calculi. lndian Journal of Research on Homoeopathy, 2010, 4, 3, 34-38. Workers from India's
Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy conducted a multicentric, observational study on
urolithiasis from 2005·2010. 90 men diagnosed with urolithiasis were enrolled in the study. The baseline
symptoms score of urolithiasis was assessed before and after the treatment by using paired 't' test in
SPSS (Ver.16). A non parametric test of 'Wilcoxon rank sum was used to analyse the changes in urinary
symptoms before and after the treatment. Forty one (45.6%) patients showed marked improvement , 6(6.7%) patients showed moderate improvement , 31 (34.4%) patients showed mild improvement, in
11(12.2%} patients there was no significant improvement and 1{1 .1%) patient did not improve. Resultsof this study showed the utility of Lycopodium clavatum in the dissolution of urinary calculi.
239. Nayak C, et al. A Prospective Multicentric Observational Study to Evolve the Usefulness of
the Predefined Homoeopathic Medicines in the Management of Acute Diarrheal Disease inChildren. Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy, 2009, 3, 3, 21-28. This Indian report records thedetails of an observational study on acute diarrhoeal diseases in children that was undertaken with 14
predefined trial homoeopathic medicines to arrive at a group of medicines that may be useful for thetreatment of acute childhood diarrhoea. To do this, a prospective, multi-centre observational study was
conducted by the Central Council for Research in Homeopathy at its various Institutes and Units
throughout India during Oct. 2005 to Sept. 2008. 327 children aged 6 months to 12 years were enrolled
and the medicines were selected on the principles of homeopathy. Diarrhoea index scores wereassessed before and after treatment using SPSS (ver. 16). The results showed that the diarrhoea index
score either deteriorated or remained unchanged from the baseline score in 1.8% of the children
treated, and improvement was seen in the remainder. The most commonly prescribed of the 14
homeopathic medicines used were Podophyllum peltatum (n=158), Chamomilla (n=49), Aethusa
cynapium (n=25), Mercurius solubilis (n=23), Calcarea carbonica (n=21), Sulphur (n=18), andPhosphorus (n=17).
240. Grover A, Bhushan B, Goel R. Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial of Homoeopathic
Medicines in the Management of Withdrawal Symptoms in Opium Addicts and its Alkaloid
Derivatives-Dependents. Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy, 2009, 3, 1, 41-44. This
research, performed at the Navjyoti Drug Demand Reduction Training Institute in New Delhi, sought toascertain the efficacy of 6 predefined homoeopathic medicines versus placebo in the management of
the withdrawal symptoms in opium addicts & its alkaloid derivatives dependents. A double-blind,randomised placebo-controlled study design was used. 169 people addicted primarily to opium, its
alkaloid derivatives, either natural or synthetic (Morphine, Codeine, Heroin, Pethidine and othernarcotics) were enrolled for the study which ran from September 2002 to August 2005. Only malepatients within 15 – 50 yrs of age attending the training institute were included in the study. Assessmentof progress made in each individual symptom was recorded for both the groups. The clinical progress ofeach subject was recorded from the 3rd day onward after starting the treatment. An analysis of theresults showed a statistically significant superiority of the homeopathIc treatment over placebo. The
most commonly used medicines were Arsenicum, Nux vomica, Rhus tox and Pulsatilla.

241. Ramteke SS, et al. An Open Clinical Observational Study on the Usefulness of Pre-defined
Homoeopathic Medicines in the Management of Chronic Sinusitis. Indian Journal of Research in
Homoeopathy, 2009, 3, 1, 34-40. Indian researchers looked at the potential of 17 pre-definedhomoeopathic medicines for the management of chronic sinusitis. An open clinical observational study
was conducted at the Regional Research Institute (Homoeopathy), at Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) under
the control of the Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy from October 2005 to March 2009. 51
people diagnosed with chronic sinusitis were treated with 17 predetermined homeopathic medicines in
30C, 200C or 1M potencies, were followed up for 6 months and were assessed using a chronic sinusitis
symptom score (CSSS). Outcome assessments showed 88% improvement in varying degrees; marked
improvement in 31(61%) patients, moderate improvement in 10 (20%) patients and mild improvement in
4 (8%) patients. Silicea, Kali bichromicum and Calcarea carbonica were the most commonly prescribed
medicines.
242. Sharma SR, et al. Clinical Evaluation of Homoeopathic Medicines in Sinusitis. Indian Journalof Research in Homoeopathy, 2008, 2, 1, 26-37. Indian workers from the Regional Research Institute(Homoeopathy) in Shimla and Chennai carried out this multi-centre observational study to determine
which homeopathic medicines were the most effective in the management of sinusitis. The study was
performed from 1985 -2003. A total of 950 people diagnosed with either acute or chronic sinusitis wereenrolled in the study. Homeopathic medicines were administered according to their prescribing
indications and the treatment persisted for 1 month to 6 years depending upon the nature of thedisease. Besides homoeopathic intervention, patients were advised to follow general measures likesteam inhalation and to avoid cold exposure. 394 patients were followed up, out of which 138 were
cured with no relapse after a follow up period of one year, Varying degrees of improvement were seenthere was marked improvement in 80 patients, moderate improvement in 91 patients, and mild
improvement in 66 patients. 4 patients showed an aggravation of their condition, 15 patients did not
improve. Belladonna, Kali bichromicum, Nux vomica, Rhus toxicodendron, and Silicea were found to be
useful medicines in comparison to other medicines.
243. Govekar JP, et al. Clinical Evaluation of Homoeopathic Therapy in the Management ofHyperlipoproteinemia. Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy, 2008, 2, 4, 34-41. This
prospective observational study was aimed at evolving a group of useful homoeopathic medicines in thetreatment of hyperlipoproteinaemia, and their most useful potencies. 322 people withhyperlipoproteinaemia and various clinical presentations were studied. They were more than 30 years ofage, with cholesterol > 200mg/dl, triglycerides > 170mg/dl, LDL > 150mg/dl, VLDL > 50mg/dl and HDL <35 mg/dl. Homeopathic medicines were prescribed based on the presenting complaints, as well as
mental and physical attributes. The patients were advised to use a low calorie diet and regular exercise.
293 people completed the study and varying degrees of improvement were observed. There wasmarked improvement in 77 patients, moderate improvement in 113 patients, mild improvement in 100
patients and no improvement in 3 patients. Abroma augusta 30, Gelsemium 30, Lycopodium 1M,
Bryonia alba 30, Pulsatilla 30, Nux vomica 30 were found to be the most useful among the prescribed
medicines.
244. Baig H, et al. Role of Cephalandra Indica Q in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus as an
Add-on Medicine Along with Conventional Antidiabetics. Indian Journal of Research in
Homoeopathy, 2008, 2, 3, 22-27. The aim of this open, observational. Indian research was to ascertain
the role of homeopathically prepared Cephalandra indica Q, in the management of people diagnosed
with diabetes mellitus (type I or type II) and using prescribed anti-diabetic treatment. 96 people with
post-prandial blood sugar level (PPBS) more than 160 mg/dL, even after taking anti-diabetic medicine,were enrolled in the study. All the patients were given Ceplalandra indica Q at 1 drop/kg body weight,
divided into 3 parts and used three times daily until the disappearance of all signs and symptoms

occurred, along with control of blood sugar levels. Fasting (FBS) and post-prandial blood and urine
sugar levels were measured on every follow-up visit. All patients were advised to take low calorie andhigh fibre diet, do regular physical exercise and to avoid physical and mental stress. 88 patientscompleted the study. Mean FBS level of patients before treatment was 138.90 ± 24.388, and the mean
FBS after treatment was 115.86 ± 26.363. Mean PPBS level before treatment was 265.08 ± 44.675 andthe mean PPBS after treatment was 204.75 ± 39.968.
245. Fibert P, et al. A Comparative Consecutive Case Series of 20 Children With a Diagnosis of
ADHD Receiving Homeopathic Treatment, Compared With 10 Children Receiving Usual Care.
Homeopathy, 2016, 105, 194-201. This UK research compared the clinical effects of individualised
homeopathic treatment for 1 year in 20 children diagnosed with ADHD, with standard treatment for 10
children diagnosed with the same condition for 4 months. Parents completed Conners’ Parent Rating
Scale, Revised Long Version (CPRS-R:L) and Measure Your Own Medical Outcome Profile (MYMOP)
every consultation at baseline and every 4 months, from which DSMIV total scores were extracted;. The
use of homeopathy was associated with statistically significant improvements in criminality and anger
and improvements in children with a concomitant diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder in treatedchildren over the year:
246. Jong M, et al. A Randomized Open Comparative Clinical Trial on the Effectiveness, Safety
and Tolerability of a Homeopathic Medicinal Product for Frequent Acute Upper Respiratory Tract
Infections in Children. Homeopathy, 2016, 105, 16. This European study looked at the clinical effect of
a complex of homeopathically potentised material (Immunokind) in children with upper respiratory tract
infection (URTI). The trial design used two parallel treatment groups at four outpatient paediatric clinics
in Russia. 201 children with a susceptibility to URTI (three or more occasions during the last six months)
were randomly assigned to receive the complex or an identical placebo for 3 weeks and were thenfollowed up at 6 months post-treatment, The primary effectiveness endpoint was a change in thefrequency of the URTI after 3 and 6 months of follow-up compared to baseline frequency of URTI (last
12 months prior to study). Secondary endpoints were changes in total complaints, symptom scores,
antibiotic use, treatment satisfaction, tolerability and safety. An analysis of the results showed that
Immunokind tablets appeared to be effective in preventing recurrent URTI's.
247. Phing TC. A Retrospective Cohort Study on the Efficacy of Homeopathy Compared toHomeopathy Plus Conventional Medicine in the Treatment of Hypertension. Homeopathy, 2016,
105, 11. This Malaysian research aimed to evaluate the effects of homeopathic treatment compared tointegrated treatment using homeopathy plus conventional pharmacotherapy for hypertension. Data wascollected at the National Academy of Homoeopathy in, Maharashtra India from the Shaad
Homoeopathic Hospital Complex & Research Centre. Data from 41 people diagnosed with hypertension
was used in the study. 22 had been treated with homeopathy and 19 with integrated therapy. Statisticalresults calculated using repeated ANOVA suggested that homeopathy on its own is as efficacious ashomeopathy plus conventional pharmacotherapy in the treatment of hypertension.
248. Brule D, et al. Feasibility and Clinical Results of a Pilot Trial of Individualized Homeopathic
Treatment of Fatigue in Children Receiving Chemotherapy. Homeopathy, 2016, 105, 9. A Canadianteam from the Hospital for Sick Children set about examining the effects of individualised homeopathic
treatment for fatigue in people aged 2-18 years receiving chemotherapy. 8 people diagnosed withvarious forms of cancer and who were receiving chemotherapy were treated with homeopathy andcompleted 14 days of assessment. symptom scores, and proxy-report fatigue scores in general fatigue
and sleep/rest fatigue. The results showed a significant improvement of fatigue over the study period.
Even though prescriptions were individualised, Cadmium Sulfuricum was the chosen remedy at the startof each case.

249. Pandey V. Hay Fever and Homeopathy: A Case Series Evaluation. Homeopathy, 2016, 105,202-208. This uncontrolled UK research assessed the clinical effectiveness of individualised
homeopathic treatment in the alleviation of hay fever symptoms in a typical clinical setting. 8 people
diagnosed with hay fever completed a Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile (MYMOP) selfevaluation questionnaires at baseline and again after two weeks and four weeks of homeopathic
treatment. The average MYMOP scores for the eyes, nose, and general wellbeing had improved
significantly after two and four weeks of homeopathic treatment. The overall average MYMOP profile
score at baseline was 3.83. After 14 and 28 days of treatment the average score had fallen to 1.14 and1.06 respectively.
250. Taylor JA, Jacobs J. Homeopathic Treatment of Respiratory Illnesses in Children: Results
From Two Randomized Trials. Homeopathy, 2016, 105, 15. University of Washington researchers
carried out investigations to determine what effects, if any, homeopathic preparations provided in thetreatment of Acute Otitis Media (AOM) or Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI) in children. In thefirst study, children aged 6 months to 11 years, diagnosed with AOM and managed with a delayed
antibiotic approach, were randomised to standard therapy alone or standard therapy plus a homeopathic
ear drop preparation. The primary outcome was whether or not an antibiotic prescription given at theindex visit was filled; and any subsequent antibiotic use was a secondary outcome. During the 12-15
day follow-up period, significantly fewer parents of children randomised to the homeopathic ear drops
group filled the antibiotic prescription compared to those of children receiving standard therapy alone(26.9% and 41.2%, respectively). In the second study, children ages 2-5 years old diagnosed with an
URTI were randomised to receive a homeopathic combination product for cold and cough, or a placebo.
Parents were instructed to give a dose of study medication as needed for the relief of URTI symptoms
up to 6 times per day for three days. Parents recorded changes in symptoms 1 hour after each dose, as
well as changes in overall severity of URTI symptoms in twice daily diaries. The homeopathic groupreported a statistically significant improvement in 3 of the 4 URTI symptoms at 12 and 24 hours after
enrolment as well in a composite cold score.
251. Ferreri R, et al. The Clinical Experience in the Centre of Integrated Medicine, Pitigliano
Hospital Using Magistral Homeopathic Formulations: Results in Outpatients Affected by Chronic
Diseases and Considerations on the Chronic Care Model Integrated with Homeopathic
Approach. Homeopathy, 2016, 105, 14. An Italian team recorded the outcomes of the treatment ofpeople suffering from chronic ailments using homeopathically prepared combination products. Data from1600 people were collected and assessed using the Edmonton scale, SF12, family and work
performance evaluations. Broadly, the results were as follows. For recurrent respiratory syndromes, anaveraged 85% reduction in the use of conventional therapies (antibiotics, anti-asthmatics, andcorticosteroids) was seen. In people suffering from rheumatic disorders, reductions in pain were noted
as well as a reduction in the use of conventional medicines. For those presenting with tinnitus anaveraged reduction in symptoms of 45% was observed. Allergy sufferers experienced a 75-100%
reduction in conventional medicine use and those presenting with chronic pain conditions (headache,migraine etc) reported reductions in pain ranging from 45-84%.
252. van Heerden HJ, Razlog R, Pellow J. Pilot Study on the Homeopathic Treatment of Binge
Eating in Males. Alth Ther in Health and Med, 2016, April, 22, Suppl 1:8-13. This work from the
University of Johannesburg in South Africa sought to measure the efficacy of individualised
homeopathic treatment for binge eating in adult males. A 3 week baseline period was used which was
followed by a 6 week treatment period and assessment was carried using a self-assessment calendar(SAC), recording the frequency and intensity of binging, the Binge Eating Scale (BES), a psychometricevaluation of severity, and case analysis evaluating changes with time. 10 males who were diagnosed

as binge eaters were prescribed individualised homeopathic treatment. The study found a statisticallysignificant improvement with regard to the BES and the SAC, with a large effect size, indicating that adecrease occurred in the severity and frequency of binging behaviour during the study period.
253. van Haselen R, et al. The Effectiveness and Safety of a Homeopathic Medicinal Product inPediatric Upper Respiratory Tract Infections With Fever: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Global
Pediatric Health, 2016, 3, 1–11. The authors of this study investigated the clinical effectiveness of ahomeopathic add-on therapy in a paediatric subpopulation with upper respiratory tract infections(URTI's). Patients received either on-demand symptomatic standard treatment (ST-group) or the same
ST plus a homeopathic medication (Influcid; IFC-group) for 7 days. Outcome assessment was based on
symptom and fever resolution and the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey–21 (WURSS-21).
A total of 261 children (<12 years) (130 IFC-group; 131 ST group) were recruited in Germany and the
Ukraine. An analysis of the results of this research found that the IFC-group used less symptomatic
medication, symptoms resolved significantly earlier, had higher proportions of fever-free children fromday 3 onwards, and the WURSS-assessed global disease severity was significantly less during theentire URTI episode than the ST group.
254. Grimaldi-Bensouda L, et al. Homeopathic Medical Practice for Anxiety and Depression inPrimary Care: The EPI3 Cohort Study. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016, 16,
125.This French study compared the use of conventional psychotropic drugs among people seeking
care for anxiety and depression disorders (ADDs) from general practitioners (GPs) who strictly prescribe
conventional medicines (GP-CM), regularly prescribe homeopathy in a mixed practice (GP-Mx), or are
certified homeopathic GPs (GP-Ho). Assessment was via the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale,
HADS) as assessments were carried out at baseline, and at 1,3 and 12 months. 710 people who met
the inclusion criteria participated in the study. The authors concluded that patients with ADD, who choseto consult GPs prescribing homeopathy reported less use of psychotropic drugs, and were marginallymore likely to experience clinical improvement, than patients managed with conventional care.
255. Beghi GM, Morselli-Labate AM. Does Homeopathic Medicine Have a Preventive Effect on
Respiratory Tract Infections? A Real Life Observational Study. Multidisciplinary Respiratory
Medicine, 2016, 11, 12. The goal of this controlled observational study was to investigate the role of ahomeopathically prepared medicine (Anas barb) in preventing respiratory tract infections (RTIs). The
authors analysed data from 459 people suffering from RTI's, 248 of whom were treated with Anas, and
211 were not treated. All were followed-up for at least 1 year, and up to a maximum of 10 years. A
significant reduction in the frequency of onset of RTIs was found in both the homeopathic medicinegroup and the untreated group. The reduction in the mean number of RTI episodes during the period of
observation versus the year before inclusion in the study was significantly greater in the homeopathictreated group than in untreated patients.

Animal studies

1. Aboiutboul R. Snake remedies and eosinophilic granuloma complex in cats. Homeopathy, 2006,
95, 1, 15-19. An Israeli veterinary clinic compiled case records involving Eosinophilic granuloma
complex (EGC) in cats taken over an 8 year period. 20 cases of the condition were seen during thisperiod and details of 15 of these cases were recorded. EGC is a syndrome characterised by lesions
affecting the skin and the oral cavity. Conventional treatment is mainly symptomatic and may have
undesirable side effects. The cases recorded involved the use of homeopathic snake remedies (themost frequently used being Lachesis) and in all 15 cases, reactions were mostly quick, leading tosignificant improvements, including complete recoveries.

2. Banerjee P, et al. Comparative Efficacy of Two Microdoses of a Potentized Homeopathic Drug,
Arsenicum album, to Ameliorate Toxicity Induced by Repeated Sublethal Injections of Arsenic
trioxide in Mice. Pathobiology. 2008, 75, 3,. 156-70. This subject has had previous attention by Datta,
Kundu and others, and in this randomised controlled trial, 6C and 30C homeopathic potencies ofArsenicum album (Arsenic trioxide) were given to mice prior to exposure to material doses of arsenic
trioxide, as a means of determining whether or not the potentised Arsenicum album had any influenceon the effects of arsenic. Mice were divided into 6 groups with 1 group receiving 6C Arsenicum album,
another group receiving 30C Arsenicum album, and the remaining 4 groups receiving various control
substances. Cellular and various biochemical parameters such as acid and alkaline phosphatases,
aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, glutathione, lipid peroxidation, catalase and succinate
dehydrogenase were assessed at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days from the beginning of the study. On analysisof these results it was found that both the 6C and 30C potencies of Arsenicum album provided
protection against the effects of arsenic trioxide, with the 30C providing a slightly better level ofprotection than the 6C.
3. Bhattacharjee N, Pathak S, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Amelioration of Carcinogen-Induced Toxicity inMice by Administration of a Potentized Homeopathic Drug, Natrum Sulphuricum 200. Evid BasedComplement Alternat Med. 2009, 6, 1, 65-75. Researchers at India’s University of Kalyani, expanding on
work that had been previously been done in area, designed a trial to discover whether or not the
homeopathic product, Nat sulph 200C was able to protect mice against the effects of liver carcinogens,when compared to controls. Using various enzyme assays and other tests to determine the effects ofthe product, Nat sulph 200C was found to reduce genomic and other carcinogenic effects as well as
liver tumor formation caused by hepatocarcinigens, and to also increase the in-vivo levels of glutathione.
4. Berchieri A Jr, et al. Evaluation of isopathic treatment of Salmonella enteritidis in poultry.
Homeopathy. 2006,, 95, 2, 94-7. 180 chickens were divided into 4 groups. 2 of these groups were given
pre-treatment with placebo and 2 were given different pre-treatment with preparations of a homeopathic
nosode made from an antibiotic resistant strain of Salmonella enterica (Enteritidis) at a 30X potency,
over a 10 day period. On day 17 the chickens were challenged with a culture of the same species ofSalmonella from which the nosode was made. Cloacal swabs taken twice daily from the chickens at thispoint revealed that the birds that received the nosode showed a reduction in the growth of the bacteria
compared to those given placebo.
5. Biswas SJ, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Evaluation of protective potentials of a potentized homeopathic
drug, Chelidonium majus, during azo dye induced hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Indian Journalof Experimental Biology. 2004, 42, 7, 698-714. In this study, groups of mice were given substances thatwould normally be expected to induce the formation of liver cancer. At the same time, selected groups ofthese mice were given either homeopathic Chelidonium in 30C or 200C potencies or a placebo control.
Both potencies of chelidonium provided a significant protective effect against the formation of livercancers and favourably modulated some of the haematological markers normally associated with
hepatotoxicity.
6. Biswas SJ, et al. Efficacy of the potentized homeopathic drug, Carcinosin 200, fed alone and incombination with another drug, Chelidonium 200, in amelioration of pdimethylaminoazobenzene-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. J Altern Complement Med.
2005, 11, 5, 839-54. Mice suffering from liver cancers were given either homeopathic Carcinosin 200C,
or a combination of Carcinosin 200C and Chelidonium 200C over a period of 120 days, and the ability ofthese to ameliorate the cancers was compared to the effects of potentised alcohol over the same periodof time. After the results were analysed it was found that both of the homeopathic remedies wereeffective in ameliorating these cancers. In addition, they were both individually effective in protecting
against the development of any further hepatocarcinogenesis and the combination of the 2 homeopathic
medicines were slightly more so.
7. Cazin JC, et al. A Study of the Effect of Decimal and Centessimal Dilutions of Arsenic on the
Retention and Mobilisation of Arsenic in the Rat. Human Toxicol, 1987, 6, 315-320. Radioactively
labelled arsenious anhydride was administered to 60 rats. The rats were then given various
homeopathic potencies (10X to 30X and 5C to 15C) of Arsenicum album or a potentised water control.
All of the potencies successfully increased the excretion rate of the radio-labelled arsenious anhydride
when compared with the control, with the highest level of excretion being produced by the 14X and 7C
potencies.
8. Chakrabarti J, Biswas SJ, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Cytogenetical Effects of Sonication in Mice andtheir Modulations by Actinomycin D and a Homeopathic drug, Arnica 30. Indian Journal of
Experimental Biology, 2001, 39, 12, 1235-42. Mice were exposed to ultrasonication (high frequency
shaking) and assessed for the effects of the unltrasonication after the administration of either Arnica 30
or Actinomycin D. These interventions were assessed against controls for parameters such as
chromosome aberrations, mitotic index, sperm head anomaly and micronucleated erythrocytes. In
comparison the control mice, the mice that were given Arnica 30, had appreciably reduced effects fromthe ultrasonication, indicating that Arnica 30 can ameliorate the cellular and subcellular damage
resulting from this form of physical trauma.
9. Chaudhuri S, Varshney JP. Clinical management of babesiosis in dogs with homeopathic
Crotalus horridus 200C. Homeopathy. 2007, 96, 2, 90-4. Babesiosis is a protozoal disease suffered bydogs. It’s associated with infestation by Babesia gibsoni and is normally transmitted by ticks. In thisclinical case comparison the effects of Crotalus horridus 200C on dogs suffering from this condition
were compared with the effects of the standard pharmaceutical treatment, diminazine aceturate. At 18
days after the medications were given results were assessed and on the clinical scores for the various
symptoms produced by the dogs in response to the protozoa, it was found that Crotalus horridus 200C
provided the same level of clinical recovery from the illness as did diminazine aceturate.
10. Datta S, Mallick P, Bukhsh AR. Efficacy of a potentized homoeopathic drug (Arsenicum album30) in reducing genotoxic effects produced by arsenic trioxide in mice: II. Comparative efficacy
of an antibiotic, actinomycin D alone and in combination with either of two microdoses.
Complement Ther Med. 1999, 7, 3, 156-63. This study, carried out at the University of Kalyani in India’sWest Bengal, was part of an ongoing series of trials looking at the use of homeopathically potentisedarsenic to protect against the effects of exposure to material doses of arsenic, this latter being a serious
health issue in several parts of India and elsewhere. The efficacy of Arsenicum album 30C and 200C
have already been demonstrated to be effective against the toxicity from arsenic in previous
experiments and in this particular study, the influence of the DNA transcription inhibitor, actinomycin D,
on the protective effects of the homeopathic medicines was assessed. Compared to controls it was
found that the use of the actinomycin D did inhibit the protective effects of Arsenicum album 30C and200C against arsenic toxicity.
11. Datta SS, Mallick PP, Rahman Khuda-Bukhsh AA. Comparative efficacy of two microdoses of apotentized homoeopathic drug, Cadmium sulphoricum, in reducing genotoxic effects producedby cadmium chloride in mice: a time course study. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2001, 1:9
doi:10.1186/1472-6882-1-9. In a similar study to that described above, researchers again tested the
hypothesis that the homeopathically potentised version of a potentially toxic substance could protect
against the effects of the substance from which it’s derived. In this case, the protective effects ofhomeopathic Cadmium sulph 30C and 200C were used in an attempt to control the genotoxic effects of
cadmium in mice exposed to this element. When the results of this study were analysed it was foundthat the homeopathic medicine did provide a statistically significant protective action against the effectsof cadmium.
12. Daurat V, Dorfman P, Bastide M. Immunomodulatory activity of low doses of interferonalpha,beta in mice. Biomed Pharmacother. 1988, 42, 3, 197-206. This was a placebo controlled study
designed to ascertain what effects, if any, divided doses of interferon alpha,beta, potentised to 10X, hadon specific immune responses of mice, in particular the cytotoxic activity of allospecific T-cells andnatural killer (NK) cells. The authors of the study found that, compared to the controls, mice given
Interferon alpha,beta 10X produced a statistically significant increase in all of the specific immune
response variables measured.
13. Day C. Stillbirth in Pigs. Veterinary Record, 1984, 9114, 216. 20 sows were randomly assigned toreceive either homeopathic Caulophyllum 30C or placebo, to determine if the former had any effect on
reducing the number of stillbirths experienced by these sows. On analysis, it was found that the sowsgiven Caulophyllum had a stillbirth rate of 11.5%, and those given placebo had a rate of 26%, showing
quite clearly that the homeopathic medicine successfully reduced the rate of stillbirths.
14. de Paula Coelho C, et al. Therapeutic and pathogenetic animal models for Dolichos pruriens.
Homeopathy. 2006, 95, 3, 136-43. This study was designed to determine the effect of various
homeopathic potencies of Dolichos pruriens on artificially induced itch in laboratory rats, and also to
determine if these potencies could elicit a proving effect in normal rats. In the first part of this study(performed blind) the rats with the induced itch were given ascending potencies of the remedy over a 30
day period and the results compared to placebo controls. It was found that all potencies of the remedy
provided a therapeutic effect against the induced itch. In the second part of the study, also performed
blind, no proving effects were seen.
15. Dos Santos AL, et al. In vivo study of the anti-inflammatory effect of Rhus toxicodendron.
Homeopathy. 2007, 96, 2, 95-101. This study was essentially designed to do 2 things; to determine
which homeopathic potency of Rhus tox provides the most effective anti-inflammatory action, and toreconfirm the results of previous studies aimed at demonstrating any anti-inflammatory effect of Rhus
tox. Of 6C, 12C, 30C and 200C potencies of this remedy, 6C was found to provide the highest level ofactivity, and, using an in-vivo inflammation model, researchers confirmed the anti-inflammatory activityof the remedy by interfering with inflammatory processes involving histamine, prostaglandins and otherinflammatory mediators, when compared with controls.
16. Eizayaga FX, et al. Platelet aggregation in portal hypertension and its modification by ultralow doses of aspirin. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb. 2005, 34, 1, 29-34. Researchers in thiscontrolled study attempted to determine the effects of potentised aspirin on rats exhibiting reduced
platelet aggregation associated with portal hypertension. Given that material doses of aspirin are known
to be associated with a reduction in platelet aggregation, one of the aims of the study was to confirm
that the reverse of this would be the case with if potentised aspirin were used. The researchers did, infact, confirm this in their results which showed that, compared to controls, Aspirin 14C normalised
deficiencies in platelet aggregation in the rats involved in this study.
17. Endler PC, et al. Pretreatment with Thyroxine 10-8 Enhances a Curative Effect ofHomeopathically prepared Thyroxine 10-13 on Lowland Frogs. Forschende Komplementarmedizin
Und Klassiche Naturheikunde, 2003, 10, 137-42. In this randomised, placebo-controlled trial carried out
simultaneously by 3 independent researchers, tadpoles were exposed to an equivalent of a 13X potency

of thyroxine. This hormone, normally responsible for promoting metamorphosis, was found to inhibit thisprocess when potentised into a homeopathic medicine.
18. Epstein OI, Pavlov IF, Shtark MB. Improvement of Memory by Means of Ultra-Low Doses of
Antibodies to S-100B Antigen. Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2006, 3, 4,
541-545. Antigen S-100B of nervous tissue affects the mechanisms of nervous system plasticity andmemory. In this trial, 28 rats were given either a placebo, or Antigen S-100B, at a 6C potency todetermine the effect of either on three learning behavioural models; inhibitory avoidance, choosing of
bowls with sucrose, and feeding behaviour cessation after auditory signal. For all three tasks,
parameters of reproduction of the learned skills improved after per oral administration of potentiatedantibodies to S-100B antigen immediately after learning when compared to placebo.
19. Graunke H, et al Treatment of lowland frogs from the spawn stage with homeopathically
prepared thyroxin (10(-30)). Scientific World Journal. 2007, 22, 7, 1697-702. In this project, performedat the Interuniversity College for Health and Development in Graz, Austria, lowland frog spawn were
exposed to thyroxine potentised to 30C to determine the effect, if any, of this remedy of the developmentof the spawn into 2 and then 4 legged frogs, when compared to controls. It would be normal for thedevelopment of frog spawn to be accelerated by exposure to material levels of thyroxine. In thisinstance, exposure to 30C thyroxine produced a statistically significant reduction in the speed ofdevelopment from spawn to 4 legged lowland frogs.
20. Guajardo-Bernal G., Searcy-Bernal R., Soto-Avila J. Growth Promoting Effect of Sulphur 201C in
Pigs. British Homoeopathic Journal, January, 1996, 85, 15-16. In a blind, placebo-controlled trial,
Sulphur 201C was given to pregnant sows every 10 days, and extending into the feeding period after
birth. By day 30 the piglets fed by the sows given the active remedy exhibited a higher final weight,
mean total and daily weight gain, indicating that not only was the remedy effective, but that its effects
were transmitted through the sows milk.
21. Herkovits J, Perez-Coll CS. Could Potentized Microdoses of Cadmium change the
Toxicological Effect of this Heavy Metal? Berlin Journal on Research in Homoeopathy, Report fromthe 4th Giri Symposium, 1991, June, 1, 3, 171. Toad embryos were exposed to Cadmium in 4X, 8X and
10X potencies. Either immediately or 24 hours later, the embryos were exposed to a (normally lethal)solution equivalent to 1mg/l of Cadmium. Both on immediate and delayed exposure, the potencies of
cadmium exerted a statistically significant protective effect against the actions of the cadmium solution.
22. Jonas WB, et al. Can homeopathic treatment slow prostate cancer growth? Integr Cancer Ther.
2006, 5, 4, 343-9. This US study examined the effects of the homeopathic remedies Thuja, Sabal,
Conium and Carcinosin (made from the specific prostate cancer cell line used in this trial) in vitro on
prostate cancer cell cultures and in vivo on 100 rats, all of which were suffering from prostate cancer. A
double blind randomised design was used for this latter part of the study. The rats were given all 4
homeopathic medicines on a sequential basis over a period of 5 weeks. The in vitro part of the study,
carried out over a period of 96 hours and assessed according to tumor cell viability and gene
expression, showed that the cancer cell lines were unaffected by the homeopathic medicines. When the
researchers assessed the results from the in vivo aspect of the study, it was found that, compared to thecontrols, the rats given the homeopathic medicines showed a 23% reduction in tumor incidence and a
38% reduction in the size of prostate tumors.
23. Kumar KH, et al. Inhibition of chemically induced carcinogenesis by drugs used inhomeopathic medicine. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2007, 8, 1, 98-102. In this study, carried out at theAmala Cancer Research Centre in India’s Kerala State, rats and mice were treated for the development

of liver tumors using homeopathic Hydrastis, Lycopodium, Phosphorus, Ruta or Thuja. Assessment wasmade on the basis of the development of tumors and their corresponding biochemical markers such as
gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamate oxaloacetatetransaminase and alkaline phosphatase in the serum and in liver. Of the 5 medicines tested, Ruta (in a200C potency) and Phosphorous (in a 1M potency) provided the most benefit.
24. Kuzeff RM, Mecheva RP, Topashka-Ancheva MN. Inhibition of (-)-propranolol hydrochloride by
its enantiomer in white mice--a placebo-controlled randomized study. Forsch Komplementarmed
Klass Naturheilkd. 2004, 11, 1, 14-9. Researchers in this trial from Swinburne University of Technology
in Melbourne examined the effects on toxicity from (S)-(-)-propranolol hydrochloride of ahomoeopathically prepared optical isomer version of the same substance. When used in mice prior to
exposure to (S)-(-)-propranolol hydrochloride, a remedy made from (R)-(-)-propranolol hydrochloride
was found to reduce the toxicity resulting from its isomer.
25. Labrecque G., Guilleminot J. Effect of Bryonia on Experimental Arthritis in Rats. Berlin Journalof Research in Homoeopathy, 1991,1, 3, 169, (Congress Report Poster). In this study, 35 male rats
suffering from arthritis were treated with placebo or 4X, 4C or 9C potencies of homeopathic Bryonia for
15 days and assessed at various stages using grip strength body weight as assessment criteria. At theend of the treatment period, all of the Bryonia potencies had improved the condition when compared toplacebo, with Bryonia 4C providing the best outcomes.
26. Lingg G, et al. Treatment of Highland Frogs from the Two-legged stage with Homeopathically
prepared Thyroxin (10-11 - 10-21). Scientific World Journal. 2008, 20, 8, 446-50. Researchers working inAustria conducted this study to determine the effects of thyroxine, homeopathically potentised to 11X
and 21X, on the metamorphosis rates of highland frogs (Rana temporaria) when compared to controls.
The assessment of the effects of these remedies was done on the basis of the number of 2 legged
tadpoles that develop into frogs with 4 legs over fixed periods of time. 90 animals in all acted as the
subjects in this trial. As would be expected, given that thyroxine would stimulate development, thyroxine
11X and 21X, when compared to controls, were found to suppress the development of tadpoles into
frogs over the observation period.
27. Macedo SB, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of Arnica montana 6cH: preclinical study inanimals. Homeopathy. 2004, 93, 2, 84-7. Researchers in this study evaluated the protective effect ofArnica 6C on the acute inflammatory effects in mice of carrageenan and the chronic inflammatory
effects of Nystatin. Arnica was given prior to the induction of both forms of inflammation and it was foundto provide a protective effect against Nystatin, but not carrageenan induced inflammation.
28. MacLaughlin BW, et al. Effects of homeopathic preparations on human prostate cancer growthin cellular and animal models. Integr Cancer Ther. 2006, 5, 4, 362-72.To confirm the effectiveness ofthe homeopathic treatment of prostate cancer, the researchers in this trial assessed the effects of thehomeopathic medicines Sabal serrulata, Conium maculatum and Thuja occidentalis against PC-3 andDU-145 human prostate cancer cell cultures and against the growth of prostate tumors in mice. Sabal
reduced the proliferation of the PC-3 cell line by 33% in 72 hours and the DU-145 cell line by 23% in 24
hours. Compared to controls, Sabal also had a statistically significant effect on the tumors suffered bymice. The homeopathic medicines Conium maculatum and Thuja occidentalis showed no beneficial
effect on the proliferation of the cell lines or tumors observed in this study.
29. Mallick P, et al. Ameliorating effect of microdoses of a potentized homeopathic drug,
Arsenicum Album, on arsenic-induced toxicity in mice. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2003, 3, 1, 7.
In this study, Indian researchers using mice as a model for the management of human arsenic toxicity

from drinking contaminated groundwater in rural India, assessed the toxicity from arsenic in mice
pretreated with homoeopathic Arsenicum album 30C and 200C. When compared to controls, thehomoeopathic remedies were found to reduce experimentally induced arsenic toxicity.
30. Mathie RT, et al. Outcomes from homeopathic prescribing in veterinary practice: aprospective, research-targeted, pilot study. Homeopathy. 2007, 96, 1, 27-34. In this cohort study, 8veterinarians trained in homeopathy collected clinical case outcome data over a 6 month period foranimals treated by them using homeopathic medicines. The records for 767 consecutive patients werecollected and the results analysed via an owner- assessed 7-point scale which compared the condition
before and after homeopathic treatment. These patients consisted of 547 dogs, 155 cats, 50 horses, 5
rabbits, 4 guinea-pigs, 2 birds, 2 goats, 1 cow, and 1 tortoise. The results from 539 cases were
amenable to analysis and from these an improvement was seen in 79.8% of the animals, 6.1% ofanimals experienced a deterioration of their condition and 11.7% had no response to treatment.
31. Oberbaum M, Weissman Z, Bentwich Z. Treatment of Murine SLE by Idiotype Isotherapy. Berlin
Journal on Research in Homoeopathy, Congress Report, 1991, 1, 3, 168. Using the knowledge that
Systemic Lupus Erythrematosis (SLE) is induced by anti-DNA idiotype 16/6, homoeopathic potencies
were made of this material and it was administered to mice suffering from SLE. When compared tocontrols, 100% of the mice treated with the 30X potency of the idiotype had a positive response to thetreatment.
32. Pathak S, et al. Protective potentials of a potentized homeopathic drug, Lycopodium-30, in
ameliorating azo dye induced hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Mol Cell Biochem. 2006, 285, 1-2,
121-31. The researchers in this study, which was carried out at the University of Kalyani in India’s West
Bengal, used 210 mice in an experiment to determine the protective effect of Lycopodium 30C against
the carcinogenic effects of p-dimethyl amino azo benzene and phenobarbital. When assessed using
chromosomal aberrations as well as several morphological and biochemical parameters at 120 days
from the beginning of the experiment, it was confirmed that Lycopodium 30C not only exhibited aprotective effect, but also a restorative effect against the action of p-dimethyl amino azo benzene andphenobarbital.
33.Pedalino C.M.V., et al. Effect of Atropa belladonna and Echinacea angustifolia in homeopathic
dilution on experimental peritonitis. Homeopathy, 2004, 93, 4, 193-198. 36 mice with experimentallyinduced peritonitis were given either Echinacea angustifolia 4X, a combination of belladonna andEchinacea in mixed homeopathic potencies, a combination of Echinacea in mixed potencies, 2 separate
combinations of belladonna in mixed potencies, or a control substance, and their progress wasmonitored over time. Outcomes were measured using polymorphnuclear cell migration, mononuclear
cell percentages, degenerate leucocyte proportions and phagocytosis characteristics. All of thehomeopathic test substances produced positive outcomes with the belladonna and Echinacea potency
combination providing the maximal increase in polymorphnuclear cell migration and phagocytosis.
34. Rajkumar R, et al. Effect of a Homeopathic complex on oestrus induction and hormonal profile
in anoestrus cows. Homeopathy. 2006, 95, 3, 131-5. From a group of 12 anoestrus cows, 6 wereselected to receive treatment with a combination of homeopathic medicines, given as 15 pills twice dailyfor 10 days. The remaining 6 cows acted as untreated controls. The treatment was effective in inducing
oestrus in all of the 6 treated cows with an average of 1 conception per 1.83 services. In addition, theresearchers found that oestradiol levels in the treated cows almost doubled from pre-treatment levels.
Treatment results were seen at a mean interval of 27.5+/-5.3 days.

35. Reis LS, et al. Matricaria chamomilla CH12 decreases handling stress in Nelore calves. J Vet
Sci. 2006, 7, 2, 189-92. In this study, 60 Nelore calves were randomly assigned to receive either
Chamomilla 12C or no Chamomilla 12C in their feed. Following this they were subjected to short periodsof handling stress after which blood samples were taken to assess their cortisol levels. After the resultsfrom the 2 groups had been compared, it was found the calves given Chamomilla 12C had significantly
lower levels of blood cortisol than those that did not, indicating that they were better able to deal withstress as a result of ingestion of the homeopathic medicine.
36. Ruiz- Vega G, et al. An Evaluation of Coffea cruda effect on Rats. British Homeopathic Journal,
2000, 89, 3, 122-126. This study tested the effects of Coffea 30C versus placebo on the sleep patternsof rats assessed using EEG readings. The results showed a statistically significant effect consistent withincreased sleeping activity in those rats given the active medicine.
37. Ruiz-Vega G, et al. Comparitive Effect of Coffea cruda Potencies on Rats. Homeopathy, 2002,
91, 2, 80-84. 30C and 200C potencies of Coffea cruda and caffeine were administered orally to rats, andEEG data from the parietal region recorded. When compared with control animals, Coffea 30C and200C were associated with changes in EEG patterns that were consistent with increased sleep activity.
38. Ruiz-Vega G, et al. A Kinetic Approach to Caffeine- Coffea cruda Interaction. Homeopathy,
2003, 92, 1, 19-29. In this blinded and controlled study, rats were given caffeine and then Coffea 30C in
an effort to determine what effects, if any, the Coffea 30C had on sleep characteristics. The
homoeopathic remedy was found to increase the intensity of sleep in the rats when compared with theeffects of the control used.
39. Ruiz-Vega G, Poitevin B, Perez-Ordaz L. Histamine at high dilution reduces spectral density indelta band in sleeping rats. Homeopathy. 2005, 94, 2, 86-91. Histamine in material doses is a central
nervous system stimulant operating via H1 receptors. The researchers in this study examined theeffects of histamine in 30C homeopathic potency on the sleep patterns of rats. Using the spectral
density of the delta band in the sleep electroencephalogram to measure the effects of the remedy, which
is higher during periods on non-REM sleep, researchers found that histamine 30C produced an increasein wakefulness when compared to controls.
40. Sakakura CE, et al. Influence of Homeopathic Treatment with Comfrey on Bone Density
around Titanium Implants: A Digital Subtraction Radiography Study in Rats. Clinical Oral Implants
Research. 2008, 19, 6, 624-8. This controlled trial looked at populations of rats to discover what
influence, if any, Symphytum 6C had on improving the density of bone around recent titanium implants.
Implants were given to 2 groups of 24 rats; one group was given 10 drops of Symphytum 6C per day
and the other was given a similar amount of a control substance. Animals were radiologically assessed
for bone density around the implants at the beginning of the study period, and again at 7, 14 and 28
days. Radiographs taken at day 7 showed an increase in bone density over controls, although nostatistically significant effect was seen for the radiographs taken on days 14 and 28.
41. Sato DYO, et al. Histopathological and immunophenotyping studies on normal and sarcoma
180-bearing mice treated with a complex homeopathic medication. Homeopathy, 2005, 94, 1, 2632. 55 mice with experimentally induced sarcomas were given placebo or a homeopathic combination
product, and observed daily over a period of 21 days. Compared to those receiving placebo, the mice
being given the homeopathic combination showed a reduction in tumor size, an increased infiltration bylymphoid cells, granulation tissue and fibrosis surrounding the tumor, all of which are indicative of apositive response to the medicine.

42. Sukul A., Sinhabau S.P., Sukul N.C., Reduction of Alcohol Induced Sleep time in albino mice byPotentised Nux vomica prepared with 90% Ethanol. British Homoeopathic Journal, 1988, 88, 2, 5861. In a controlled experiment to determine the effect of Nux vomica 30C on alcohol induced sleep, micethat had sleep induced via an injection of 25% ethanol were given a control substance or Nux vomica
30C. Nux vomica 30C prepared in 90% ethanol was effective in reducing sleep time.
43. Sukul NC, et al. Strychnos nux vomica extract and its ultra high dilution reduce voluntaryethanol intake in rats. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 2001, 7, 2, 187-193. In an
attempt to determine the effect of homeopathic Nux vomica on alcoholism, potentially alcoholiclaboratory rats housed in the Visva-Bharati University in West Bengal, India, after being divided into 4groups, were given a choice of drinking from bottles containing either 20% ethanol in water or plain
water. The rats were given diluent, or strychnine, or nux vomica tincture, or nux vomica 30C. When
compared to the control group (diluent only) both the nux vomica tincture and nux vomica 30C groups ofrats showed a distinct aversion to the 20% ethanol drinking bottle.
44. Sukul NC, Ghosh S, Sinhababu SP. Reduction in the number of infective Trichinella spiralis
larvae in mice by use of homeopathic drugs. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2005, 12,
4, 202-5. Trichinellosis, a disease caused by Trichinella spiralis, which occurs in humans and animals,
was the subject of this trial. Mice infected with this organism were given Podophyllum as a homeopathic
mother tincture, Cina 30C, Santonin 30C, or ethanol 30C as a control substance. After 120 days themice were examined for the presence of the T. spiralis larvae and this was compared with the larval load
before therapy. At 120 days the mice given Podophyllum had their larval load reduced by 61% whencompared to the control, those given Santonin had a reduction of 81% and the mice given Cina had areduction of 84%.
45. Varshney JP, Naresh R. Evaluation of a homeopathic complex in the clinical management ofudder diseases of riverine buffaloes. Homeopathy. 2004,. 93, 1, 17-20. Indian researchers involved inthis trial developed a homoeopathic complex against mastitis and tested it, without placebo controls,with 102 riverine buffaloes suffering from various levels of mastitis. The treatment was deemed to be 80
to 97% effective against the disease, depending on the severity of the condition.
46. Varshney JP, Naresh R. Comparative efficacy of homeopathic and allopathic systems of
medicine in the management of clinical mastitis of Indian dairy cows. Homeopathy. 2005, 94, 2,
81-5. Bovine mastitis is a serious problem in India and for many Indian dairy farmers, standard
veterinary treatment, because of its cost, is not a viable option. With this in mind, researchers treated 96
lactating dairy cattle suffering from mastitis using a homeopathic combination product (Group A). These
were compared with a group of the same number of lactating dairy cattle suffering from mastitis thatwere treated with antibiotics (Group B). The treatment outcomes, duration and costs were thencompared. Cattle from Group A had a successful treatment response rate of 86.6%, a mean time torecovery of 7.7 days and a total cost of (US) 47 cents. Cattle from Group B had a successful treatment
response rate of 59.2%, a mean time to recovery of 4.5 days and a total cost of (US) $3.28.
47. Varshney JP. Clinical management of idiopathic epilepsy in dogs with homeopathic
Belladonna 200C: a case series. Homeopathy, 2007, 96, 1, 46-48. In this uncontrolled study, 10 dogs
suffering from idiopathic epilepsy were given 3-4 drops of homeopathic Belladonna 200C during the
seizure phase orally at 15min intervals until the seizure activity was reduced, and this was continued
then four times daily. Four dogs with head shaking syndrome in addition to seizures were given an
additional Cocculus 6C, 3-4 drops orally weekly for 3 months. As a result of this therapy, the numbers offits reduced to 2-3 during first 2 weeks post-therapy and then became occasional in next 2 weeks. With
continuation of Belladonna therapy, no fits were observed during 2-7 months follow-up. In two cases

seizures reappeared within 15-25 days of cessation of therapy. Belladonna therapy was resumed andseizure control was again achieved. Owners were advised to continue the therapy at least twice daily
until no fits occurred for at least 2 months.
48. Varshney JP, Chaudhuri S. Atrial paroxysmal tachycardia in dogs and its management withhomeopathic Digitalis--two case reports. Homeopathy. 2007, 96, 4, 270-2. Homeopathically prepared
Digitalis 6C is a common prescription for those suffering from atrial tachycardia. This paper reports on
the effects of Digitalis 6C, given at the Division of Medicine of the Indian Veterinary Research Institute in
Izatnagar in India, to a Labrador dog and a German Shepherd dog, both of which were suffering fromatrial paroxysmal tachycardia. Both dogs were given 4 drops of the medicine 4 times daily and their
ECGs were assessed after 7 days of continuous treatment. At this point it was found that the heart rates
of both dogs was stabilised and synchronized, with atrial and ventricular electrical activity appearing to
be functioning normally.
49. Viriato EP, et al. Study of high dilutions of copaiba oil on inflammatory process. Int J High
Dilution Res 2009, 8, 26, 9-149. This trial was a collaborative effort by researchers from several
Brazilian universities and was designed to test the hypothesis that Copaiba oil, homeopathicallypotentised to 30C from either mother tincture or triturate, is as effective as Indomethacin in reducing
inflammation induced by carrageenan, and also to determine if it was capable of influencing tissue
granulation when compared to conventional treatment. The 30C potency from mother tincture andtriturate both reduced inflammation by up to 73%, and Indomethacin reduced inflammation by 55%. In
addition, 6C potencies of Copaiba oil were able to produce a 48% inhibition of granulation, compared toa 57% reduction from the use of Dexamethasone.
50. Williamson AV, et al. A Trial of Sepia 200. British Homeopathic Journal, 1995, 84, 1, 14-20. Using arandomised placebo control method, Sepia 200C was assessed for its ability to increase reproductive
performance in a herd of Friesian cross dairy cows. Sepia increased all parameters measured.
51. Marzotto M, et al. Effects of Ignatia amara in mouse behavioural models. Homeopathy. 2012,
101, 1, 57-67. This University of Verona study adds to previous work done on anxiety in mice and in thiscase used various potencies of homeopathically prepared Ignatia amara in potentially stressful
experimental scenarios. Groups of 8 mice were given a negative (solvent) or positive control (diazepam)
substance or Ignatia 4C, 5C, 7C, 9C and 30C and subjected to 5 repetitions of the light-dark test or
open-field test in a randomised and blinded manner. Mice were then assessed for their levels of anxiety
and capacity for locomotion. Compared to controls a statistically significant association was seen
between the Ignatia potencies (particularly the 9C potency) and a reduction in anxiety, without asignificant impact on locomotion.
52. Bellavite P, et al. Testing homeopathy in mouse emotional response models: pooled data
analysis of two series of studies. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:954374. In thisdata analysis carried out by researchers from the Department of Pathology and Diagnostics at Italy’s
University of Verona, an assessment was made of previous work using homeopathically prepared
Gelsemium against anxiety in mice, and comparing various homeopathic potencies of this material withsolvent (negative) controls and diazepam (positive) controls. An analysis of this pooled data confirmed
the original findings of both studies of a statistically significant association between homeopathically
prepared Gelsemium and a reduction in the anxiety experienced by mice when confronted with apotentially anxiety producing situation.
53. Neumann S, et al. Effectiveness of the homeopathic preparation Zeel compared with
Carprofen in dogs with osteoarthritis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2011, 47, 1, 12-20. Workers from theInstitute of Veterinary Medicine in Germany’s University of Goettingen carried out this study todetermine what effects, if any, could be produced by a combination of homeopathically preparedmaterials to relieve the effects of osteoarthritis in dogs, compared the effects of Carprofen, a commonlyused non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. 68 dogs suffering from clinically determined osteoarthritis
were assigned to receive either the homeopathic combination, or Carprofen for 56 days. Assessments
were made by treating veterinarians and owners at baseline, at 28 days and 56 days, of lameness,
stiffness of movements, and pain on palpation. After accumulating and analysing the results it was
shown that the interventions were equal in their effectiveness.
54. Hielm-Björkman A, et al. Evaluating complementary therapies for canine osteoarthritis--Part II:a homeopathic combination preparation (Zeel). Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2009, 6, 4,
465-71. In an extension to previous work done in this area, researchers at Finland’s University of
Helsinki used a randomized, double-controlled and double-blinded clinical trial model to compare theeffects of a combination of homeopathically prepared materials with that of placebo for the relief of thesymptoms of osteoarthritis suffered by dogs. 44 dogs were randomly assigned to receive either the
homeopathic combination or one of two control substances for 8 weeks. Regular observations made ofmobility, force plate variables, chronic pain index and pain and locomotion via visual analogue scales(VASs) as well as the intake of extra non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. On analysis of the results, asignificant association was found between the homeopathic combination and a reduction in 4 of the 6variables measured, and these were the variables predominantly associated with chronic orthopaedic
pain.
55. Bellavite P, et al. Homeopathic Doses of Gelsemium sempervirens Improve the Behavior ofMice in Response to Novel Environments. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.
2011;2011:362517. In yet more interesting work on Gelsemium, researchers from the Department ofMorphological Biomedical Sciences at the University of Verona in Italy, build on previous studies tofurther confirm the role of homeopathically prepared Gelsemium on anxiety. Once again, mice were
exposed to potentially anxiety-producing situations such as the light-dark test and open field test after
being given various homeopathically prepared 5C, 7C and 30C homeopathic potencies of Gelsemium,or a positive (Diazepam) or negative (solvent) control substance. When compared to the controls, theapplication of all of the Gelsemium potencies were associated with an improvement in some aspect ofanxiety as produced by the test environments.
56. Sunila ES, et al. Effect of homeopathic medicines on transplanted tumors in mice. Asian Pac J
Cancer Prev. 2007, 8, 3, 390-4. Indian researchers operating at the Amala Cancer Research Centre in
Kerala State added to previous work done in this area by investigating the antitumour and antimetastatic
capacity of 3 different homeopathically prepared substances on mice, when compared to controls. Micesuffering from specific tumors were exposed to the homeopathic preparations Ruta graveolens 200C,
Hydrastis canadensis 200C, Hydrastis canadensis 1M, Thuja 1M and Lycopodium 1M. When compared
to controls it was found that the 200C potencies were associated with an increase in the lifespan oftumour bearing mice by up to 69.4%. A strong association was also found between the use of these
remedies and a reduction in solid tumour volume of up to 95.8% after 31 days of treatment. The use of
Hydrastis 1M was associated with a complete disappearance of tumors in 60% of the mice and the useof Thuja 1M and Lycopodium 1M were also associated with significant reductions in metastatic activity.
57. Klocke P, et al. A randomized controlled trial to compare the use of homeopathy and internal
Teat Sealers for the prevention of mastitis in organically farmed dairy cows during the dry period
and 100 days post-calving. Homeopathy. 2010, 99, 2, 90-8. Mastitis in organically farmed dairy cows
is a major issue since, by definition, organically farmed animals cannot be given antibiotics. To deal with
this, Swiss scientists from the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture in Frick sought to come up witha solution using a herd specific homeopathic mixture in cows affected by mastitis. 102 cows wererandomly assigned to receive teat sealing via Orbeseal, a sterile, non-antibiotic inflammatory infusion in
the form of a viscous paste, the homeopathic mixture or no treatment. All cows were checked for clinicalmastitis and somatic cell count for the first 100 days post-calving (milk from cows infected with mastitis
generally have higher total bacteria counts and somatic cell counts than milk from uninfected cows). On
analysis it was shown that the herd-specific homeopathic was effective in increasing the number ofanimals with normal milk secretion compared to untreated controls.
58. Gazim ZC, et al. Efficiency of tick biotherapic on the control of infestation by Rhipicephalus(Boophilus) microplus in Dutch dairy cows. Int J High Dilution Res. 2010; 9, 33, 156-164. This
Brazilian work was done to investigate alternatives to conventional pesticides for the management of thetick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) in cattle. To do this, 34 Dutch dairy cows infested with Rhipicephalus(Boophilus) microplus were given either mineral salt alone or mineral salt impregnated with a 12C
homoepathic preparation of the organism daily for 6 months, then a 30C preparation every second day
for a further 22 months. At this point, engorged female ticks were collected from both groups, counted
and weighed. In vitro tests were carried out to assess mass of ticks; egg mass; egg-hatching rate; andreproductive efficiency. After comparing these results from both groups it was shown that the use of thehomeopathically prepared tick was associated with a significant decrease in the mass of engorgedfemales, deposition and hatching rate of eggs, and a decrease of the reproductive efficiency of theseticks.
59. Vaz AF, et al. Anxiolytic effect of the homeopathic complex Tepeex. Int J High Dilution
Research, 2009 8, 28, 91-99. This trial, carried out at the Universidade Federal do Amapá in Brazil, wasdesigned to test the effects of a homeopathic combination product known as Tepeex, on anxiety anddepression in rats, when compared with the effects of a negative control (water) and a positive controls(diazepam, amfepramone chloride). The study were carried out over 30 days using a maze test,
swimming test, open field test and Rotarod test as the primary means of assessment. At the end of thestudy, an analysis of the results was conducted and it was found that the use of the homeopathic
combination product was associated with an anxiolytic effect. The combination showed no evidence ofan inhibition of motor coordination.
60. de Araújo FR, et al Effect of Mercurius solubilis on the bacteriological response in thealveolitis process in rats. Homeopathy. 2009, 98, 3, 160-4. In more Brazilian research into
homeopathy, scientists from the Microbiology Division of the Federal University of Pernambuco
embarked on a randomised and blinded study to assess the bacteriological response in rats withalveolitis treated with homeopathically prepared mercury (Merc sol 12C). Rats suffering from bacterial
alveolitis were exposed to Merc sol 12C, water or ethanol and observed at days 6, 15 and 21 frombaseline. After the results were collected and analysed it was found that the rats exposed to Merc sol
12C had bacterial counts that were the closest to what could normally be expected to be seen in healthyrats.
61. Rosas-Landa V, Garcia M, Rodriguez R. Evidence for Homeopathic Vaccination? Boletin
Mexicano de Homeopatia, 1997, 30, 5-10. This Mexican research describes the process and outcomesof two pilot studies done to evaluate the immunological response in rabbits to homeopathic preparations
made from an oral mycobacterial antigen. In the first study, 1C to 30C homeopathic preparations of theantigen were given to rabbits in their drinking water for one month and assessed against positive andnegative controls. All of the homeopathic potencies were associated with the production by the rabbits of
antimycobacterial antibody. In the second trial, a tuberculin reaction was assessed after oral
administration of the 30C homeopathic potency, and this compared to the reaction to the conventional

inoculation. The reaction to the homeopathic potency was comparable to that caused by theconventional inoculate.
62. Jonas WB, Dillner DK. Protection of Mice from Tularemia Infection with Ultra-Low, Serial
Agitated Dilutions Prepared from Francisella tularensis-Infected Tissue. Journal of Scientific
Exploration, 2000, 14, 1, 35–52. In this study, researchers investigated the possibility that
homeopathically prepared potencies made from the tissues from mice infected with Francisellatularensis (nosode), the organism associated with tularaemia, had the capacity to protect uninfected
mice from this pathogen. Using 15 repetitions, mice were pretreated with various potencies of thenosode or a control substance for 1 month and then exposed to the pathogen and assessments made ofthe extent of the response to it. On analysis, it was found that all potencies of the nosode wereassociated with protection against the pathogen and it was also noted that two of the potencies wereassociated with the production of anti-tularemia IgG antibody during the pretreatment stage of the trial.
63. Oberholzer HM, Pretorius E. Investigating lung remodelling in Modul8 treated BALB/c
asthmatic animals. Micron. 2009, 40, 8, 775-82. This trial was carried out at the faculty of Health
Sciences in South Africa’s University of Pretoria and was performed to investigate what effect, if any, aspecific homeopathic combination product (Module8) had against hydrocortisone, compared to acontrol, in mice suffering from atopic asthma. Assessment was made via the analysis of tissue
structures and the numbers of eosinophils found on bronchial lavage before and after treatment. On
analysis of the results noted at the end of the trial, the use of hydrocortisone and the homeopathic
formula were both associated with a significant reduction in tissue structure changes and eosinophil
count.
64. Bhattacharjee N, Pathak S, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Amelioration of carcinogen-induced toxicity inmice by administration of a potentized homeopathic drug, Natrum sulphuricum 200. Evid BasedComplement Alternat Med. 2009, 6, 1, 65-75. In this study, scientists from the University of Kalyani inIndia examined the possibility of a protective effect from the homeopathically prepared remedy Natsulph 200C, in mice with liver damage induced by P-dimethylaminoazobenzene and Phenobarbital. To
do this, mice affected by these hepatotoxic agents were given Nat sulph 200 or various control
substances and then assessed at days 7, 15, 30,. 60, 90 and 120 for cytogenetic changes such as
chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei, mitotic index, sperm head anomaly liver enzymes andglutathione assay. Over these observational periods it was shown that the use of Nat sulph 200C wasassociated with a reduced impact on all of the parameters measured.
65. Welles SU, et al. Pretreatment with thyroxin 10(-8) and the effect of homeopathically preparedthyroxin 10(-30) on highland frogs--a multi-researcher study. Forsch Komplementmed. 2007, 14, 6,
353-7. This builds on previous work done in this area that showed that homeopathically potentised
thyroxin slowed the rate of metamorphosis in highland frogs. In this study, tadpoles were pretreated witha 10 to the minus 8 molar solution of Thyroxin, which should be expected to stimulate metamorphosis.
They were then exposed to either a homeopathically prepared Thyroxin 30X or a negative control. Foursets of these experiments were carried out, each by a different researcher. On analysis of the results it
was found that the tadpoles that had been exposed to the Thyroxin 30X had a slower rate ofmetamorphosis than controls, which is consistent with previous findings and does not support the notionthat pretreatment with a 10 to the minus 8 molar solution of Thyroxine alters this outcome.
66. Sukul A, et al. Altered solution structure of alcoholic medium of potentized Nux vomica
underlies its antialcoholic effect. Br Homeopath J. 2000, 89, 2, 73-7. Researchers from the
Department of Zoology at Visva-Bharati University in West Bengal, India explored the notion that
homeopathically prepared Nux vomica, in 30C, 200C and 1M homeopathic potencies, could acceleratethe recovery from alcohol intoxication. This adds to previous work done in this area and was carried out
using a controlled crossover trial design on mice that were exposed to ethanol and then given Nux
vomica 30C, 200C, 1M or one of three control substances. When compared to the controls, it was
shown that the use all of the Nux vomica potencies was associated with a statistically significant
reduction in ethanol intoxication.
67. Silva NL, et al. Use of biotherapic in the control of natural infestation by Boophilus microplus:
pilot study. Int J High Dilution Research, 2008, 7, 22, 36-38. Scientists at the Agronomic Institute of
Parana in Brazil conducted this research to assess the effects of a combination of 12C homeopathicallypotentised parasites on infestation in cattle by the cattle tick Boophilus microplus. This mixture included
a 12C homeopathic potency of Boophilus microplus. 27 tick infested cattle were randomly assigned toreceive the homeopathic mixture, or a standard veterinary drug-based dip used for this condition, orwere given no treatment. The cattle were assessed for ticks at baseline and then every 14 days. On
analysis of these assessments it was found that the homeopathically potentised mixture provided thesame level of relief from ticks as the standard drug-based dip.
68. Rocha MPS, et al. Behavior of rats treated with Rhus toxicodendron 200cH. Int J High Dilution
Research, 2008, 7, 22, 3-6. The object of this exercise was to determine the effects of homeopathically
prepared Rhus tox 200C and diazepam, on hyperactivity and hypoactivity in mice in open field tests,
compared to controls. Mice were classified into hyperactive or hypoactive groups and assigned toreceive Rhus tox 200C, diazepam or a water control, and their activities in an open field environment
observed before and after treatment. Upon analysis it was found that Rhus tox 200C and diazepam bothproduced statistically significant reductions in hyperactivity when compared to controls. None of theinterventions produced a significant effect on hypoactivity.
69. Fontes OL, et al. A Study Comparing Different Doses of Arsenicum album 6CH on Rats
Intoxicated with Arsenic. Int J High Dilution Research, 2006, 5, 17, 9-13. This study was carried out
with the intention of determining what effect, if any, the dose volume of homeopathically prepared
Arsenicum album 6C has on the capacity of rats to eliminate arsenic in the form of sodium arseniate.
Oral doses of 2, 5 and 10 drops of Arsenicum 6C were given to arsenic intoxicated rats daily for 30 days
and their urine was measured daily for arsenic via atomic absorption spectrophotometry. On
assessment, all of the three different drop volumes were equally effective at causing an increased
elimination of arsenic.
70. Banerjee P, et al. Evidences of Protective Potentials of Microdoses of Ultra-high Diluted
Arsenic Trioxide in Mice Receiving Repeated Injections of Arsenic Trioxide. Evid BasedComplement Alternat Med. 2011: 391752. Published online 2011 February 14. This study was
undertaken to determine if Arsenicum Album 200C has hepatoprotective effect in mice subjected torepeated exposure to arsenic trioxide. Arsenic intoxicated mice were divided into: (i) those receiving
Arsenicum Album-200C daily, (ii) those receiving the same dose of diluted and succussed alcohol (Alc
200C) and (iii) another group receiving neither drug nor ASlc 200C. Two other control groups were also
maintained: one fed a normal diet only and the other receiving normal diet and Alc-200C. Toxicity
biomarkers such as aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, glutathione reductase, catalase,
succinate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione contents were periodicallyassayed’. Additionally, electron microscopic studies and gelatin zymography for matrix
metalloproteinases of liver tissues were made at day 90 and 120. Blood glucose, haemoglobin,
oestradiol and testosterone levels were also assessed. When compared to controls, the mice that were
fed Arsenicum Album-200C showed less evidence of chronic arsenic exposure.

71. Bellavite P, et al. Homeopathic Doses of Gelsemium sempervirens Improve the Behavior ofMice in Response to Novel Environments. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011: 362517.
Published online 2011 February 15. Researchers in this study looked at the effects of 5C, 7C and 30C
homeopathic potencies of Gelsemium in comparison to the effects of diazepam on the behaviouralcharacteristics of mice when challenged with potentially anxiety-producing situations such as exposure
to new environments or environments where cover was limited. Using measurements from theseparameters, it was determined that the use of homeopathic Gelsemium was associated with an increasein exploratory behaviour and a reduction in the fear of new environments.
72. Zacharias F, et al. Effect of homeopathic medicines on helminth parasitism and resistance ofHaemonchus contortus infected sheep. Homeopathy. 2008, 97, 3, 145-51. This Brazilian study
reports the findings of a group investigating the effects of 3 homeopathically potentised substances on
sheep infected with the Barber’s Pole worm (Haemonchus contortus), a pathogenic nematode common
to sheep. 20 sheep were randomly assigned to receive Doramectin, a commonly used antihelminthic;
homeopathically prepared Ferrum phos, Arsenicum album and Calc carb; or no treatment. Faecal andblood samples were taken 18, 38 and 68 days from baseline and these checked for evidence of theparasite. On assessment of these results an association was found between the use of the homeopathic
preparations and a reduction in the presence of the parasites, leading to an improvement in vitalfunction and weight gain. In addition, the homeopathic option was also found to be more economical
than the standard antihelminthic method of management.
73. Camerlink I, et al. Homeopathy as replacement to antibiotics in the case of Escherichia coli
diarrhoea in neonatal piglets. Homeopathy, 2010, 99, 1, 57-62. This work, performed by a teamprimarily from the Wageningen University in The Netherlands, concerns the design and outcomes of thehomeopathic treatment of piglets suffering from diarrhoea associated with E. coli. 52 sows in their lastmonth of gestation were given either placebo or a homeopathically potentised preparation of E. coli
twice weekly for that month. These sows subsequently gave birth to 525 piglets; 265 from the placebo
sow group and 260 from the homeopathic E. coli group and all were monitored for E. coli diarrhoea. On
analysis of the results from the observations made of both groups, it was found that the piglets from theplacebo group had a diarrhoeal incidence that was 6 times higher than the piglets from the homeopathic
group.
74. Magnani P, et al, Dose-effect study of Gelsemium sempervirens in high dilutions on anxietyrelated responses in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2010, 210, 4, 533-45. Researchers from the
University of Verona in Italy carried out this trial on mice to determine whether or not any of fivehomeopathically potentised preparations of Gelsemium could influence the generation of anxiety. Mice
were exposed to Gelsemium 4C, 5C, 7C, 9C and 30C, a positive control substance (Buspirone) or anegative control (the solvent used to produce the Gelsemium potencies) and then challenged withpotentially anxiety generating situations, these being open-field tests and light-dark tests. While
Gelsemium had little effect on the mice in the open-field test, it did produce a statistically significant
reduction in anxiety associated with the light-dark test that was comparable to the effect produced by
Buspirone, particularly the Gelsemium preparations potentised to 5C, 9C and 30C.
75. Zubedat S, et al. Plant-derived nanoparticle treatment with cocc 30c ameliorates attention andmotor abilities in sleep-deprived rats. Neuroscience. 2013, 3, 253, 1-8. This was a 4-arm trial withrandomisation and double-blinding of verum and placebo treatments designed to test the effects ofhomeopathically prepared Cocculus 30C on the outcomes of sleep deprivation in rats. Sleep deprivation
was induced for 48 hours and its behavioural and hormonal effects monitored at 6 hours, 12 hours, 24hours, and 14 days post sleep deprivation. Cocculus 30C was administrated orally every three hours
starting immediately after baseline tests and for a period of 24 hours. On day 14, blood samples weretaken and serum levels of corticosterone, testosterone, serotonin and leptin were assayed. It was foundthat when compared to placebo, Cocculus 30C improved all of the sleep deprivation factors measured.
76. Keirn AP, et al. The Multicomponent Medication Lymphomyosot Improves the Outcome ofExperimental Lymphedema. Lymphatic Research and Biology, 2013, 11, 2, 81-92. In this study from
the Michigan Technological University in Michigan, USA, researchers sought to evaluate the ability of
the homeopathic combination product, Lymphomyosot, to treat tissue swelling and promote
lymphangiogenesis in experimental models of murine lymphoedema. To do this, experimental models ofmouse lymphoedema were injected with varied amounts of Lymphomyosot or saline as a control.
Measurements of tail swelling and wound closure were taken and compared amongst the groups. Three
separate groups of mice were analysed for lymphatic capillary migration, lymphatic vessel regeneration,and macrophage recruitment. On analysis of the results it was found that Lymphomyosot was
associated with significantly reduced swelling and an increased the rate of surgical wound closure.
77. Merlini LS, et al. Effects of a homeopathic complex on the performance and cortisol levels inNile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Homeopathy, 2014, 103, 2, 139-42. This work was performed inan effort to determine what effects, if any, a homeopathic combination product (Homeopatila 100) hadon the cortisol levels of farmed fish (Nile tilapia) suffering from stress. 60 fish were randomly distributed
into six water tanks and received one of two treatments: 30 animals received a negative control
substance and 30 animals received the homeopathic complex. Blood levels of cortisol were assessedon days 1, 30 and 60. At the end of the experiment it was found that the fish receiving the homeopathic
complex had significantly lower circulating cortisol level (17.96 ng/mL ± 0.95) than the control group(38.68 ng/mL ± 1.21).
78. Sarkar A, et al. Anti-rheumatoid and anti-oxidant activity of homeopathic Guaiacum officinale
in an animal model. Homeopathy, 2014, 103, 2, 133-8. Guaiacum has been used for generations inhomeopathy both constitutionally and specifically for musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this study
was to evaluate the anti-rheumatic and anti-oxidant activity of homeopathic preparations of Guaiacum
officinale on rats. To do this, a group of rats suffering from rheumatoid arthritis were divided into 6
groups and received Sham control, Arthritis control, Standard treatment (indomethacin), Guaiacum
mother tincture, Guaiacum 30C or Guaiacum 200C.These groups were given these interventions for 5days and anti-rheumatic activity was examined through physical, urinary, serum parameters. These
included body weight, ankle and knee diameter, urinary parameters (hydroxyproline), glucosamine,
calcium, creatinine, phosphate, serum acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatise, gamma-glutamyltransferase, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, superoxide dismutase,, catalase, serum GGT and serum
interleukins. When compared to the controls, treatment with all of the 3 forms of Guaiacum was
associated with a normalisation of these parameters.
79. Bellavite P, et al. Mice behavioural models with pooled data analysis of Gelsemium studies
and new findings about Ignatia and Aconitum. Int J High Dilution Res, 2011, 10, 36, 198-200
Proceedings of the XXV GIRI Symposium and VIII CBFH; 2011, Sep 04-07; Foz do Iguaçu (Brazil) 198.
In a follow-up to previous work done in this area, researchers from the University of Verona in Italy
investigated the anxiolytic properties of homeopathically prepared materials on mice. Using arandomized, blinded and controlled protocol, mice were assigned to be given several one of several
homeopathic potencies of Gelsemium, Aconite, Ignatia or material doses of positive controls (diazepam
or buspirone) or a negative control (ethanol and water). They were exposed to stressful environmental
situations (open field test or light-dark tests) and assessed for anxiety in relation to these environments.
Compared to the controls, cumulative analysis of the results demonstrated a highly significant effect ofGelsemium 5C and 30C in both tests and Ignatia 9C in the Light-Dark test. The results indicate ananxiolytic rather than a sedative effect.

80. Fontes OL, et al. The problem of dose in homeopathy: evaluation of the effect of highdilutions of Arsenicum album 30cH on rats intoxicated with arsenic. Int J High Dilution Res, 2011,
10, 36, 218-219. Proceedings of the XXV GIRI Symposium and VIII CBFH; 2011, Sep 04-07; Foz do
Iguaçu (Brazil) 218. A significant amount of work has been done to confirm the notion that
homeopathically prepared arsenic increases the rate of arsenic excretion in animals. This study sought
to determine if the volume of homeopathically prepared arsenic had any effect upon this excretion,
Brazilian researchers gave rats that were intoxicated with arsenic undiluted homeopathically prepared
Arsenicum album 30C or a 1% solution of the same material. Blood and urine from the rats was assayed
via atomic absorption spectrophotemetry for arsenic before, during and after treatment, and the resultscompared to samples from untreated intoxicated and unintoxicated controls. The rats treated with
undiluted Arsenicum 30C and 1% Arsenicum 30C eliminated significant amounts of arsenic throughurine when compared to the control groups. The group treated with undiluted Arsenicum 30C eliminatedsignificantly higher amounts of arsenic than the group treated with the same medicine in 1% solution.
81. Haine GB, et al. Assessment of homeopathic medicine Aconitum napellus in the treatment ofanxiety in an animal model. Int J High Dilution Res, 2012, 11, 38, 33-42. Aconite has a long history ofuse in homeopathy for people experiencing anxiety. This Brazilian research sought to test the effects ofthis medicine in mice. 48 mice were randomly divided into six groups and given the following treatments
1) positive control (diazepam); 2) negative control (saline); 3) Aconite 6C; 4) Aconite 12C); 5) Aconite
30C or 6) 30% ethanol. Behavioral effects were blindly and randomly assessed in elevated plus maze(EPM) and open field test. The results showed that mice given Aconite 12C and 30C exhibited possible
anxiolytic effects on the central nervous system since they increased the number of entries in the EPM
open arms (12C and 30C) and the permanence time in the EPM open arms (30C only).
82. Falkowski GJS, et al, Causticum hahnemanni, Conium maculatum and Lycopodium clavatum
highly diluted medications decreases parasitemia in mice infected by Trypanosoma cruzi. Int JHigh Dilution Res, 2012, 11, 40, 198-199. Proceedings of the XXVI GIRI Symposium; 2012, Sep 20-22;
Florence (Italy). This Brazilian research looked into the effect of homeopathically prepared Causticum
13C, Conium maculatum 13C and Lycopodium clavatum 13C, on mice infected with T. cruzi, theorganism associated with Chagas’ disease in humans. In a blind randomized controlled trial design,
mice were given one of the 3 medicines being tested, or a placebo, to test the preventative capacity ofthese substances. Parasitaemia and clinical parameters were assessed daily. When compared to thecontrol, all of the medicines tested provided a significant level of protection, with the best results seen in
the mice given Lycopodium.
83. Chakraborty I, Sukul A, Sukul NC. Nux Vomica 200 CH reduced acute hypnotic effect of alcoholin young toads. Int J High Dilution Res, 2012, 11, 40, 208-208. Proceedings of the XXVI GIRI
Symposium; 2012, Sep 20-22; Florence (Italy). Previous research has shown that homeopathically
prepared Nux vomica has the capacity to correct ailments produced by alcohol. In this Indian study, areplication of this work was performed. Using 10 repetions of the same experiment, young toads given
either Nux vomica 200C or a control substance, and then exposed to sufficient quantities of ethanol tocause them to become unbalanced. They were then assessed for their capacity to regain that balance
and it was shown that, compared to the control, Nux vomica 200C was associated with a significant
reduction in ethanol related imbalance.
84. Sukul A, Sukul NM. Effect of Rhus tox and Causticum on rat adjuvant arthritis. Int J High
Dilution Res, 2013, 12, 44, 135-136. Proceedings of the XXVII GIRI Symposium; 2013, Sep 03-04; Bern
(Switzerland) 135. Indian researchers set out to confirm the effects of homeopathically prepared
Causticum 30C and Rhus tox 30C on rats suffering from musculoskeletal inflammation. Rats were given

the homeopathic medication or controls for 18 days and assessed before and after treatment for
inflammatory swelling, locomotor capacity and open field activity. An analysis was made of the collected
observational data and it showed that when compared to controls, the rats given the homeopathically
prepared materials had significant improvement in all of the three parameters measured.
85. da Silva DM, et al. Oral, topical, and inhalation of Calcarea carbonica derivative complex (M8)
to treat inflammatory mammary carcinoma in dogs. Int J High Dilution Res, 2012, 11, 40, 166-167.
Proceedings of the XXVI GIRI Symposium; 2012, Sep 20-22; Florence (Italy), This reports on an
investigation carried out at the Federal University of Paraná in Brazil using a combination of
homeopathically prepared materials (M8) with dogs suffering from inflammatory mammary carcinoma(IMC). 3 dogs diagnosed with this condition and with an average age of 10 years were treated with M8orally, topically or via inhalation or with oral pyroxican. Thoracic radiographs showed pulmonary
metastasis in all dogs. After 7 days of treatment all of the dogs showed clinical improvement, specificallya reduction of mammary gland inflammation, decreased pain sensitivity, and owner-reported quality oflife. One dog had 8 months of complete remission, and the other two died 1 and 2 month after initial
treatment. However none of the dogs had progressive pulmonary disease, showed by radiographic
examination, which would have been a normal sequelae to the IMCs.
86. Aleixo DL, et al. Diluted benznidazole decreases side effects in animals infected by
Trypanosoma cruzi and treated with benznidazole in ponderal dose. Int J High Dilution Res, 2012,
11, 40, 170-171. Proceedings of the XXVI GIRI Symposium; 2012, Sep 20-22; Florence (Italy). The US
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that at any one time there are approximately 8
million propel suffering from Chaga’s Disease in Mexico, Central and South America. The disease isnormally treated with benznidazole but this therapy is associated with significant side effects. Brazilianscientists set out to investigate the possibility of using homeopathically prepared benznidazole as ameans of dealing with these side effects. To do this mice infected with Tyrypanosoma cruzi, theorganism thought to cause Chaga’s disease, were treated with a benznidazole, benznidazole 30X,
benznidazole plus benznidazole 30X, benznidazole plus benznidazole 30X started 4 days after
beginning benznidazole treatment, or a control substance. The mice were then assessed for bodyweight, water and food intake, amount of faeces, temperature, aspect of the fur, mortality and survivaltime, and parasitemia. The results showed that when compared to the control and the mice treated withbenzidazole alone, those mice treated with benznidazole plus either concurrent benznidazole 30X or
benznidazole 30X after 4 days, all showed a statistically significant reduction in side effects. The mice
given material doses of benznidazole had a reduction in their parasitaemia and those given
benznidazole 30X alone derived no benefit from it at all.
87. Lopes CR, et al. Effect of different homeopathic medicines on histopathology of mice infectedby Trypanosoma cruzi. Int J High Dilution Res, 2013, 12, 44, 141-142. Proceedings of the XXVII GIRI
Symposium; 2013, Sep 03-04; Bern (Switzerland) 141. This Brazilian study attempted to assess theeffectiveness of different homeopathic medicines on skeletal muscle, heart and intestine parasitism ofmice infected by Trypanosoma cruzi, the organism implicated in the generation of Chagas’ disease.
Mice were given homeopathically prepared Lycopodium 13C. Causticum 13C, Conium maculatum 13C,
or a control substance, as a means of preventing infection by T. cruzi. The mice were then exposed tothe parasite and examined for infection. An analysis of the data collected showed that both Lycopodium
and Causticum had a significant protective effect against the parasite when compared to controls.
Conium was found to be relatively inactive.
88. Braccini GL, et al. Morpho-functional response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to ahomeopathic complex. Homeopathy, 2013, 102, 4, 233-41. This work looked at the effects of different
concentrations of a homeopathic complex (Homeopatila 100) on the performance and prevalence ofectoparasites and the morpho-functional response of the liver and the branchiae of the fish, Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus). This trial used farmed juvenile Nile tilapia that were randomly assigned toreceive one of four treatments: negative control or 20 mL, 40 mL or 60 mL of the homeopathic
combination per kg of fish meal food. There were four replications per treatment type over a period of 57
days. Assessment was via the number of hepatocytes/mm, the intercellular glycogenic behaviour, therates of histological change (hyperplasia, lamella fusion and telangiectasia) and the percentage ofneutral and acidic mucin-producing cells. Significant effect differences were found between the different
homeopathic combination treatments and the hepatosomatic ratio of fish treated with it was significantly
lower than that of fish from the control group. The best results in the liver and branchiae were achieved
with a concentration or 40mL per kg of fish meal.
89. Patel DR, et al. Toxicodendron Pubescens Retains Its Anti-arthritic Efficacy At 1M, 10M andCM
Homeopathic Dilutions. Homeopathy, 2012, 101, 165-170. This Indian study aimed to evaluate theanti-inflammatory activity of Rhus tox in homeopathic potencies of 1M, 10M and CM in rats. The animals
with this disease had the severity of inflammatory lesions measured plethysmometrically and theintensity of pain was measured using a digital Von Frey apparatus. Other estimations included serum Creactive protein (CRP), haematological parameters, body weight changes, arthritic pain score andradiological analysis of the arthritic paws. The 1M, 10M and CM homeopathic dilutions of Rhus tox
reduced primary and secondary arthritic lesions, improved body weight gain and protected rats against
any further arthritis. A significant reduction in the serum levels of CRP and an improvement in pain
threshold of arthritic paws was observed, confirming that the anti-arthritic potential of Rhus tox isretained at 1M, 10M and CM potencies.
90. Lotfollahzadeh S, et al, The Therapeutic Effect Of Tarentula Cubensis Extract (Theranekron) In
Foot-And-Mouth Disease In Cattle: A Randomised Trial In An Endemic Setting. Homeopathy,
2012, 101, 159-164. Iranian workers from the University of Tehran conducted a randomised controlled
clinical trial of a homeopathic preparation of Tarentula cubensis (Theranekron) during an outbreak offoot and mouth disease (FMD) in cattle in Iran. A single subcutaneous injection of Theranekron wasused as sole treatment in 50 infected animals (treatment group). The control group comprised 15
infected animals treated with standard medication including: daily injection of flunixin meglumine andoxytetracycline and daily dressing of lesions with 4% sodium carbonate. Systemic and local signs wererecorded over 14 days. Rectal temperature in the treatment group subsided to normal range within 1
day of homeopathic treatment, and was significantly lower in the test group than in the control group on
several successive days (P < 0.05). Healing of inflamed mucosal areas and appetite score of thetreatment was significantly better than the control during the first 3 days of treatment (P < 0.05) showingthat Theranekron is effective for the treatment of systemic and local signs of FMD-infected cattle.
91. Patil CR, et al. Modulation Of Arthritis In Rats By Toxicodendron Pubescens And Its
Homeopathic Dilutions. Homeopathy, 2011, 100, 131-137. Rhus tox (Toxicodendron Pubescens) is
commonly prescribed in homeopathy for inflammatory joint disorders. This study was designed toconfirm these effects experimentally and determine if the homeopathic potency of the medicine
influenced these effects. Rats that were destined to develop arthritis were pretreated with one of 5 formsof Rhus tox- the crude substance, 3C, 6C, 30C and 200C. Asessment was made using clinicalsymptoms, haematology, C-reactive protein assay and blinded radiology. All of the homeopathic
potencies and the crude preparation were shown to be effective, with the highest level of activity being
seen in the crude form of Rhus tox at a dose of 10mg/kg per day.

92. Lakshmipathy PR, et al. Anxiolytic Effect of Homeopathic Preparation of Pulsatilla nigricans in
Swiss Albino Mice. Homeopathy, 2012, 101, 171-174. An Indian team from the Chettinad Hospital andResearch Institute in Tamilnadu conducted a study on mice to evaluate the anxiolytic activity of
Pulsatilla and compare its activity with the standard anxiolytic drug, Diazepam. Twenty four mice weredivided into 4 groups of 6 animals each- control, standard, and two test groups. The control group wastreated with diluent at a dose of 10 ml/kg. The standard group received Diazepam, 1 mg/kg. Pulsatilla
3X and 6X solutions were given at the dose of 10 ml/kg to the test groups. All animals were given thetest and control treatments orally for 15 days. The anxiolytic effect was tested on days 1, 8 and 15 using
the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and Open Field Test (OFT). Both Diazepam and Pulsatilla showedsignificant anxiolytic activity in EPM and OFT test compared to the control. The total number of entries
and time spent in open arm in EPM was increased by both Diazepam and Pulsatilla, and the effect of 3X
homeopathic potency of Pulsatilla was greater than diazepam. In the OFT the number of squares
crossed, rearing and assisted rearings decreased with both Diazepam and Pulsatilla, compared to thecontrol and the anxiolytic effect of Diazepam was greater than that of Pulsatilla. The anxiolytic effect was
greater for the 3X Pulsatilla than the 6X potency and overall, the study showed that the anxiolytic effectof homeopathically prepared Pulsatilla was comparable to that found with Diazepam.
93. Canello S, et al. Bone Computed Tomography Mineral Content Evaluation in Chickens: Effectsof Substances in Homeopathic Concentration. Homeopathy, 2016, 105, 92-95. An Italian teamworking with battery chickens reared in commercial poultry-sheds (which typically have difficulties withproper bone mineralisation) randomly assigned 96 of the birds into 4 groups. Each group were given
standard feed with one homeopathically prepared substance (Symphytum 9C, Tricalcarea 4C,
Tricalcarea 9C or Calc carb 30C) or a placebo, in order to assess the ability of the homeopathic
compounds to increase the concentration of calcium hydroxyapatite in the sternal spongy bone tissue.
The team measured the concentration of calcium hydroxyapatite in the sternums by means of acomputed tomography (CT). The results provided by the researchers state that, when compared toplacebo, the use of Symphytum was associated with an increase in mineralisation of 30%, Tricalcarea
4C by 36% and Calc carb by 63%.
94. Nimgulkar CC, Patil SD, Kumar BD. Anti-asthmatic And Anti-anaphylactic Activities of Blatta
Orientalis Mother Tincture. Homeopathy, 2011, 100, 138-143. This Indian work was designed toassess the effects of the homeopathic mother tincture of Blatta against the bronchospasm and atopic
response in rats and guinea pigs to acetylcholine and histamine, and thereby demonstrating its effect inasthma and anaphylaxis. Mast cell degranulation, serum IgE, eosinophil count and observation wereused to measure the response and it was shown from the results that the use of Blatta was associatedwith significant reductions in both bronchospasm and anaphylaxis when compared to controls.
95. Lakshmanan G, Prakash S. Effect of Ultra-High Dilutions of Lycopodium Clavatum on
Reproductive and Sexual Functions in Aged Male Wistar Albino Rats. Homeopathy, 2016, 105, 17.
An Indian team from the University of Madras examined the effects of various homeopathic potencies of
Lycopodium (6C, 30C and 1M) on the reproductive functions of rats. 36 aged rats were divided into 6
groups and given controls or the various potencies of Lycopodium daily for 60 days. Assessments weremade at days 0, 30 and 60 of testosterone, testis (enzymic, non-Enzymic antioxidants and lipid
peroxidation), epididimi and sperm (viability, concentration, motility, morphology, morphometry,acrosomal intactness, membrane permeability and Nuclear condensation assay). Tests were also doneon potency and mating behaviour. An analysis of the results saw an increase in testosterone levels andan improvement in sperm parameters in the rats given Lycopodium with a better spermatogenic status
in the treatment groups than the control groups. Mating behaviour assessment and tests for potency
showed better sexual performance in the test groups than control groups. The results for Lycopodium
30C and 1M were superior to the other potencies used.

96. Lopes CR, et al. Highly Diluted Medication Reduces Tissue Parasitism and Inflammation inMice Infected by Trypanosoma cruzi. Homeopathy, 2016, 105, 186-193. Using a blind, controlled,
randomised study design, a Brazilian research team set out to evaluate the effects of homeopathically
prepared Kalium causticum, Conium maculatum, and Lycopodium clavatum 13C on mice infected with
Trypanosoma cruzi. 102 mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi were treated with the homeopathic
medicines or a control at 48, 96 and 144 hours after baseline. The use of the homeopathic medicines
was associated with a statistically significant reduction in parasitaemia when compared to the control,
and the greatest effect was seen in the mice given Lycopodium.
97. Siqueira CM, et al. Homeopathic Treatments Modify Inflammation But Not Behavioral
Response to Influenza Antigen Challenge in BALB/c Mice. Homeopathy, 2016, 105, 3, 257-264.
Mice suffering from influenza were given an orally consumed homeopathically prepared material madefrom the influenza virus for 21 days and challenged subcutaneously with influenza hemagglutinin
antigen (7 μg/200 μl) at day 21. At this point, flow cytometry and morphometry revealed significant
changes in T and B cell balance after influenza antigen challenge but no statistically significant changes
to behaviour were noted.
98. Bagai U, Walter NS. Antiplasmodial Potential Of Homeopathic Drugs Chelidonium And
Nosode Against Plasmodium Berghei Infection. J Complement Integr Med, 2014, 11, 3, 195-201.
Plasmodium berghei is associated with malaria and in this research, the antimalarial efficacy of a
combination of two homeopathic medicines, Chelidonium 30C and nosode 30C were evaluated against
Plasmodium berghei (P. berghei) infection in mice using Peters 4-day test. The combination of themedcines demonstrated considerable antimalarial activity with chemosuppression of 91.45% on day 7.
The combination also significantly (p < 0.0005) enhanced the mean survival time of mice which was
calculated to be 22.5 ± 6.31 days, whereas it was 8.55 ± 0.83 days in infected controls.
99. Marzotto M, et al. Effects Of Ignatia Amara In Mouse Behavioural Models. Homeopathy, 2012,
101, 57-67. Ignatia in homeopathic potency has a long history of use the treatment of anxiety. This
Italian research was conducted in an effort to add to work already done in this area. Groups of 8 mice
were given homeopathically prepared 4C, 5C, 7C, 9C or 30C Ignatia. Groups of 8 mice were also givena negative control substance (diluent) or a positive control (Diazepam). Validated test models forlocomotion and emotional response, the Open-Field (OF) and the Light Dark (LD) tests, were employed.
Five replications of the same protocol were carried out, in a randomised manner using coded
drugs/controls. The results indicated that, compatred with controls, homeopathic potencies of Ignatia
modify some emotion-related symptoms in laboratory mice without affecting locomotion and that themost effective of these was the 9C potency of Ignatia.
100. Sato C, Listar GH, Bonamin LV. Development Of Broiler Chickens After Treatment With
Thymulin 5cH: A Zoo Technical Approach. Homeopathy, 2012, 101, 68-73. Brazilian scientists fromthe Universidade Paulista added to previous research on the immune-modulating effects of Thymulin 5C
by looking at its effects on the growth of immune tissue in chickens. 72 young chickens were divided in
two groups: (a) test: birds with free access to thymulin 5C diluted into their drinking water and (b)control: birds with free access to water only, for 42 days. All experimental procedures were done inblind. The results show that thymulin 5C treated group had increased growth index compared to controls(391.45 versus 261.93) associated with higher viability in the 7th week (p = 0.013), and a possible shunt
to B lymphocyte activity. The data suggest that thymulin 5C could be a viable means of improving
productivity in poultry production due to its immune modulation properties.

101. Junior RP, et al. Morphometry of White Muscle Fibers and Performance of Nile Tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus) Fingerlings treated with Methyltestosterone or a Homeopathic Complex.
Homeopathy, 2012, 101, 154-158. The Nile tilapia is a popular farmed table fish and scientists fromvarious universities in Brazil tested a homeopathic combination product against methyltestosterone or anegative control to determine whether or not the homeopathic combination had an anabolic effect andaffected survival rates. A total of 4800 post-larval fish were randomly assigned by tank to receive one ofthree treatments: negative control, homeopathic combination, or 17-alpha-methyltestosterone,
supplemented in the feed for 28 days. At the end of the study it was found that fish treated with thehomeopathic combination had improved survival and muscle fibre hypertrophy, but were smaller(probably related to increased survival and overcrowding) compared to fingerlings treated with synthetic
hormone or control.
102. Keim AP, et al. The Multicomponent Medication Lymphomyosot Improves the Outcome ofExperimental Lymphedema. Lymphatic Research and Biology, 2013, 11, 2, 81-92. In a joint German
and US project, researchers evaluated the effect of the homeopathic combination product to treat tissueswelling and promote lymphangiogenesis in experimental models of murine lymphoedema.:
Experimental models of mouse lymphoedema were injected with varied amounts of the combination or
saline as a control. Measurements of tail swelling and wound closure were taken and comparedamongst the groups. Three separate groups of mice were analysed for lymphatic capillary migration,
lymphatic vessel regeneration, and macrophage recruitment. The use of the combination was
associated with a significantly reduced swelling and increased the rate of surgical wound closure.
103. de Souza MFA, et al. The Effect of Individualised Homeopathic Treatment on the Semen
Quality of Bulls with Reproductive Disorders: a Case Series. Homeopathy, 2012, 101, 243-245.
Work was done at the Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso in Brazil to evaluate the effect of
homeopathy on the semen of bulls with reproductive disorders. The behavioural, clinical and spermaticcharacteristics of four purebred bulls (bulls A, B, C and D) were evaluated. The bulls received
individualised homeopathic treatment mixed into their feed. It was administered once per day andsemen was collected. Successful collection, freezing, effective doses, and the number of doses ofsemen per collection, were compared before and after homeopathic treatment. The rates of successful
collection were 97.14%, 100%, 96.67% and 30.77% pretreatment and 95.45%, 100%, 94.67% and96.77% at post-treatment for bulls A, B, C and D, respectively. The average number of doses per
ejaculate pre and post-treatment were 102.67 (SD 74.41) vs. 300.08 (SD 180.58), 0 vs. 234.78 (SD96.12), 0 vs. 105.12 (SD 54.98), 0 ± vs. 107.37 (SD 52.12) respectively. What this displayed was thatthe use of homeopathy improved the production of viable doses of semen from bulls with previous
freezing problems and poor semen quality.
104. Aubry E, et al. Early Udder Inflammation in Dairy Cows Treated by a Homeopathic Medicine(Dolisovet_): a Prospective Observational Pilot Study. Homeopathy, 2013, 102, 139-144. French
researchers in this study set out to assess the effects of a topical homeopathic combination productcontaining Belladonna 1X, Calendula mother tincture, Echinacea 1X and Dulcamara 1C, on mastitis indairy cows. Data from 31 cows with udder quarters identified as being inflamed by an automatedmilking system (AMS) was assessed to evaluate the effect of the product on selected parameters ofmammary inflammation. Inflamed quarters were identified when milk quality started to deteriorate, via analert generated by the AMS, on the basis of electrical conductivity (EC). Milk yield and EC wereretrieved five to seven days prior to the AMS alert, on the day of the alert, and for the following sevendays. The product was administered twice daily for two consecutive days, commencing on the day of the
AMS alert. A significant reduction in EC was observed at 4-7 days following the first treatment and anincrease in milk yield was also observed following the first treatment.

105. Jyothilakshmi V, et al. Preliminary Investigation on Ultra High Diluted B. vulgaris inExperimental Urolithiasis. Homeopathy, 2013, 102, 172-178. An Indian research group from the
University of Madras and the Central Council for Research in Homeopathy focused on the antiurolithiasis potential of homeopathically prepared Berberis vulgaris 200C in rats. Animals withurolithiasis were given Berberis v. 200C, 20 ml/100 g body weight/day for 28 days. Urine and serum
samples were analysed for calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, uric acid and creatinine. Enzyme markers
for renal damage (alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, leucine aminopeptidase and g-glutamyltranspeptidase) were assessed in kidney and urine and renal tissues were analysed for oxalate content.
Compared to untreated controls, rats treated for urolithiasis with Berberis v 200C exhibited a statisticallysignificant reduction in most of the parameters measured.
106. Sampath S, et al. Effect of Homeopathic Preparations of Syzygium Jambolanum andCephalandra Indica on Gastrocnemius Muscle of High Fat and High Fructose Induced Type-2
Diabetic Rats. Homeopathy, 2013, 102, 160-171. Researchers from India’s Central Council for
Research in Homeopathy and University of Madras, looked into the effects on diabetes of homeopathic
medicines prepared from Syzygium Jambolanum and Cephalandra Indica- two medicines with a long
history of use in diabetes in humans. Homeopathic preparations of Syzygium and Cephalandra inmother tincture, 6C and 30C, were used to examine the molecular mechanism of antidiabetic effects inthe skeletal muscle of rats with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Positive (metformin and streptozotocin) andnegative (diluent) controls were also used After 30 days of treatment, fasting blood glucose, serum
insulin and insulin signalling molecules in the skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) were measured. The rats
given the homeopathics showed a significant decrease in serum insulin and lipid profile as well as low
levels of insulin receptor (IR), v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (Akt), p-Aktser473 andglucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) protein expression (p < 0.05) with a significant increase in fasting blood
glucose level (p < 0.05), compared to the controls. Treatment with homeopathic medicines significantly
increased the serum insulin and expression of these proteins (p < 0.05) with a significant decrease infasting blood glucose (p < 0.05).
107. Eyles D. Amelioration of Pain and Distress in Tail-Ringed Lambs Using Homeopathy.
Homeopathy, 2014,103, 1, 68. In this randomised triple blind controlled trial UK researchers dealt with
the issue of pain experienced by lambs as a result of processes used in tail-docking. 54 lambs wererandomly assigned to receive a homeopathic complex of Aconite, Arnica and Hypericum, all at 200C
potencies, or a negative (diluent) control. The behaviour of each lamb was recorded on a standardised
form, every minute for 20 minutes. Every movement was categorised according to the degree ofstressed behaviour exhibited and counted using check marks, each time that type of movement
occurred in each minute. The scores for each minute were then totalled to give a score for the whole 20
minutes of study. At the end of the 20 minute recording period, the final distress scores for the lambs
given the complex group were approximately 35% lower than the distress score recorded for theplacebo group.
108. Santana F, et al. Modulation of Chronic Inflammation Response to Leishmania (L.)
amazonensis by Thymulin 5CH in Mice. Homeopathy, 2014, 103, 1, 64. Brazilian scientists from the
Universidade Paulista and Universidade de Santo Amaro, sought to assess the effects ofhomeopathically prepared Thymulin 5C on protozoal infections in mice. Mice suffering from an infection
with Leishmania (L) amazonensis were treated with Thymulin 5C or diluent (negative control) for 60
days. An analysis was then made of the inflammatory cells and spleens, as well as the lymph nodes ofthe mice. Treated mice exhibited an increase in B1 stem cells in relation to other cell types, and a moreorganised and pronounced inflammatory response in the infection site, with a decrease in the number ofparasites per field (p=0.05). The results show that Thymulin 5C is able to improve B1 stem cell
activation and Leishmania (L) amazonensis phagocytosis efficiency in mice.

109. Ferraz FN, et al. Different Forms of Administration of Biotherapy 7dH in Mice Experimentally
Infected With Trypanosoma Cruzi Produce Different Effects. Homeopathy, 2011, 100, 237-243.
Brazilian researchers set out to determine the outcome of using 7dH (7X) homeopathic potencies of T.
cruzi on mice infected with the same species of parasite. The parasite itself is associated with Chagas
disease in humans. Mice were assigned to receive the homeopathic medicine at various times before
developing the infection (5, 7, 20 or 30 days), water as a negative control or benznidazole as a positive
control, before developing the infection. On analysis of the results it was found that, when compared tothe controls, pretreatment with the homeopathic medicine at days 7 and 30 before the development of
the infection had a statistically significant effect.
110. Guedes JPR, et al. Ultra High Dilution of Triiodothyronine Modifies Cellular Apoptosis in
Rana Catesbeiana Tadpole Tail In Vitro. Homeopathy, 2011, 100, 220-227. Triiodothyronine,otherwise known as T3, has a well-defined role as a metabolic stimulant. This randomised and blinded
Brazilian research was designed to investigate the effects of a 10C homeopathic potency of T3 on theaction of material doses of T3, on the growth of tadpole tails in comparison to both positive (material
doses of T3) and negative (unsuccussed diluent) controls. Specifically, the researchers wanted to findout if the 10C homeopathic potency blocked the action of T3 in regard to apoptosis of the tadpole tails; ameasure of the maturation of tadpoles into frogs. The results displayed a statistically significant
reduction in the action of T3 as a result of the influence of the homeopathically potentised T3.

Plant studies

1. Baumgartner S., Thurneysen A., Heusser P. Growth stimulation of dwarf peas (Pisum sativum L.)
through homeopathic potencies of plant growth substances. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass
Naturheilkd. 2004, 11, 5,:281-92. In an effort to determine the effects of homeopathically potentised
plant growth substances on the shoot growth characteristics of dwarf peas, plant cultures were
immersed for 24 hours in solutions containing 4 different plant growth substances in 12X to 30X
potencies. These were compared to cultures grown in a control substance. At shoot length
measurement after a 14 day growth period, the cultures grown in the potentised growth substances
showed a measurable effect on the seed growth characteristics when compared to the control
substance, the most notable of these, gibberellin 17X, producing the largest growth stimulation.
2. Baumgartner S, et al. Reproducibility of dwarf pea shoot growth stimulation by homeopathic
potencies of gibberellic acid. Complement Ther Med. 2008, 16, 4, 183-91. In this Swiss study, which
was slight variation of previous work done in this area by Hamman and others, dwarf pea seedlings in 4
batches containing seeds taken from adult plants in 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000, were exposed to 17X
and 18X potencies of Gibberellic acid (GA) and cultivated under controlled conditions, alongside dwarf
pea seedlings that had received the same level of exposure to 2 negative control substances. GA inmaterial doses is often used commercially to break periods of dormancy in seeds and has the capacity
to stimulate the growth of seedlings and it’s an endogenous component of some seeds and is involvedin the growth of seeds and alpha amylase activity within the plant.. After 14 days all of these seedlings
had their lengths measured and at this point it was found that the controls had performed as predicted,
the 1997 seedling batch previously exposed to GA 17X and GA 18X had exceeded the growth rate of
the controls by an average of 11.2% and the 1998 batch responded with a mixture of either stimulationor suppression of growth. Batches from 1999 and 2000 failed to respond to either potency of GA.
3. Binder M, Baumgartner S, Thurneysen A. The effects of a 45x potency of arsenicum album on
wheat seedling growth -- a reproduction trial. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2005,

12, 5, 284-91. In a repeat performance of the previous trial, wheat seedlings previously exposed to sublethal doses arsenic were cultivated in either Arsenicum album 45X, water 45X or un-potentised water,
and the seedling height measured at 7 days. The experiment was independently reproduced 8 times
and after the results were collated the wheat seedlings cultivated in Arsenicum 45X showed a significant
reduction in height when compared to the 2 controls.
4. Bornoroni C. Synergism of Action between Indolacetic Acid and Highly Diluted Solutions ofCalc carb on the Growth of Oat Celeoptiles. Berlin J on Res in Hom, 1991, 1, 4-5275-278. This study
demonstrated that Calc carb 5X significantly increased the growth stimulating effects of the plant growth
stimulant, indole acetic acid.
5. Brizzi M, et al. A biostatistical insight into the As(2)O(3) high dilution effects on the rate andvariability of wheat seedling growth. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2005, 12, 5, 27783. Wheat seedlings previously stressed with sub-lethal doses of arsenic, a substance known to belethal to this plant, were treated with various potencies of Arsenicum album (5X, 15X, 25X, 35X and45X), equivalent potencies of water and equivalent un-succussed dilutions of arsenic trioxide. The stem
lengths of the seedlings was assessed at day 7 and it was found that the 45X potencies of Arsenicum
and the water but not the diluted arsenic trioxide induced an increase in seedling height.
6. Endler PC, Pongratz W. Homoeopathic Effect of a Plant Hormone? Berlin J on Res in Hom, 1991,
1, 3, 148-150. This study showed that Indole Butyric Acid, known at material levels to enhance thegrowth of new roots and leaves from plant slips, at a 33X potency, continued to provide anenhancement of growth
7. Jones RL, Jenkins MD. Plant Responses to Homoeopathic Medicines. British Homeopathic
Journal, 1981, 70, 3, 120-146. The authors of this work set out to study the effects of various
homeopathic potencies of Silver nitrate on the growth characteristics of the leaf sheaths of wheat. On
analysis of the results they found that potencies of silver nitrate were in fact able to either inhibit or
stimulate growth, depending upon the potency applied.
8. Scherr C, et al. Effects of Potentised Substances on Growth Rate of the water plant Lemna
gibba. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2009, 17, 2, 63-70. Claudia Scherr and colleagues at the
Research Institute of Organic Agriculture in Frick, Switzerland, conducted this randomised, controlled
and blinded study to determine the extent to which various homeopathically potentised substances
could influence the growth of Duckweed (Lemna gibba) when compared to controls. To do this,Duckweed was grown in 14X to 30X homeopathic potencies of Argentum nitricum, Lemna minor andGibberelic acid (a known plant growth regulator), over a period of 7 days. Measurements were takenover 0-3 days, 3-7 days and 0-7 days. Succussed and un-succussed water controls were used. Neither
controls produced any statistically significant effect and the potencies that caused the most pronounced
reduction in growth when compared to controls were those of Gibberelic acid, particularly the 15X, 17X,
23X and 24X potencies.
9. Bonfim FPG, et al. Germination and vigor of lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa L.) pelleted withhomeopathic preparations Alumina and Calcarea carbonica subjected to toxic levels ofaluminium. Int J High Dilution Res 2010, 9, 33, 138-146. Researchers from three different universities
in Brazil were involved in this study that adds to previous work looking at the effects of homeopathically
prepared materials on plants. Lettuce seedlings intoxicated with aluminium were exposed tohomeopathically prepared Alumina 6C, Alumina 12C, Calc carb 6C, Carb 12C, or two controls.
Outcomes were assessed using germination percentage, germination speed index and radicle length.
On analysis and when compared to controls a statistically significant association was found between all

of the homeopathically prepared substances and germination speed index, radicle length andgermination index.
10. Marques RM, Marques-Silva GG, Bonato CM. Effects of high dilutions of Cymbopogon
winterianus Jowitt (citronella) on the germination and growth of seedlings of Sida rhombifolia.
Int J High Dilution Research, 2008, 7, 22, 31-35. This research comes from the State University ofMaringa, in Parana, Brazil and was performed to ascertain the effects of various homeopathically
prepared potencies of citronella against Sida rhombifolia, an invasive weed endemic in Southern Brazil
and many other parts of the world, including Northern Australia. Sida seedlings were exposed to 3C, 6C,
12C, 24C and 30C homeopathic potencies of citronella and a control substance, These plants were thenmonitored for root system growth, shoot length, total fresh mass, germination percentage andgermination speed. This process was carried out 5 times and on analysis of the measurements it was
found that all of the citronella potencies increased all parameters measured. Specifically, the 3C and
24C potencies had the greatest effect on root length, the 6C and 12C potencies had the greatest effecton shoot length, the 6C had the greatest effect on total biomass growth, and the 12C on germination
percentage and germination speed.
11. Gangar H.U. Management and Control of Genetic Processes in Cotton Plants through
Homoeopathy. Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy, 2007, 1, 1, 1-5, In this Indian research, theeffects of homeopathically prepared solutions on a broad range of parameters, using plants as the
subjects, were measured. The homeopathic solutions were used in CM (100,000C) potencies and madefrom differing source materials. These were then assessed for their capacity to influence growth,
germination, flowering and fruiting of cotton plants, compared to inactive dilutions applied in the samemanner. In all cases, the homeopathically prepared solutions had a clear and objective effect on theparameter assessed. Work was also done here which confirmed that different potencies of different
homeopathic drugs have a remedy-specific electrical charge.
12. Rossi F, et al. Application of homeopathic remedy Carbo vegetabilis and development ofplants of Lettuce. Int J High Dilution Research, 2006, 5, 17, 23-30. A significant amount of work has
been done to determine the effect effects of homeopathically prepared substances have on plants. This
study sought to investigate the effect of a number of different potencies of the homeopathic product,
Carbo vegetalis, on the development of seedlings of the lettuce, Lactuca sativa. Lettuce seedlings
housed in an environment likely to induce stress, a shaded greenhouse and a greenhouse in full sun,were exposed to Carbo veg 6C, 12C, 30C, 100C or one of 2 control substances. An analysis of theresults confirmed the action of Carbo veg in these environments, with the 100C have the most notableeffect on seedlings grown in the stressed environment.
13. Sukul S, Mondal S, Sukul NC. Sepia 200 cH in 1:1,000 dilution counteracts the effect of salt
stress in cowpea seedlings but vehicle 90% ethanol proves ineffective in the same dilution. Int JHigh Dilution Res, 2012, 11, 41, 237-246. Work carried out at the Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati
University in West Bengal, looked at the influence of homeopathically prepared Sepia 200C on the very
common problem experienced by those growing cowpea in soil with rising salinity levels- salt stress. To
do this, the team grew cowpea seedlings over moist filter paper in Petri dishes and divided them into 4groups: (1) control in sterile water, (2) in 50 mM NaCl solution, (3) seeds pretreated with 90% ethanol
diluted with water 1:100 and then transferred to 50 mM NaCl solution, and (4) seeds pretreated with Sep
200C diluted with water 1:100 and transferred to 50 mM NaCl solution. The data were analyzed by
ANOVA followed by Student’s t-test and this showed that, compared to controls, Sepia 200C
significantly increased the growth, sugar, chlorophyll, protein and water content of the seedlings, thereby
confirming that it counteracted the effects of salt stress.

14. Trebbi G, et al. Phytopathological and nutraceutical evaluation of cauliflower plants treatedwith high dilutions of arsenic trioxide. Int J High Dilution Res, 2012, 11, 40, 161-162. Proceedings ofthe XXVI GIRI Symposium; 2012, Sep 20-22; Florence (Italy). The fungus, Alternaria brassicicola, is acommon cause of dark leaf spot disease in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.). In this study, researchers
from the University of Bologna tested the antifungal capacity of homeopathically prepared Arsenic
trioxide 35X and Cuprum metallicum 5X and compared to controls. 2 experiments were performed. In
the first, spore suspensions were prepared in the test substances and their inhibiting effect ongermination was recorded microscopically after incubation at 25°C for 5 hours. In the second
experiment, the same treatments were tested on plants artificially inoculated with the fungus. To do thisthe test field in which the plants were to be grown was divided into plots according to a complete
randomized block design. In the first trial, plants were artificially inoculated and treated every week; theinfection level was evaluated on cauliflower heads. The second trial was performed on the same fieldwith the aim to induce a natural infection, mediated by infected crop residues. Measurement endpoints
concerned the evaluation of some physiological parameters along with the glucosinolate content on
cauliflower heads. On analysis, the team found that Arsenic 35X and Cuprum 5X induced a significant
decrease of mean infection level (-50%). In addition, physiological and nutraceutical analyses of healthy
heads demonstrated that Arsenicum induced a significant increase of both head size and glucosinolate
content.
15. Betti L, et al. Effectiveness of ultra high diluted arsenic is a function of succussion number as
evidenced by wheat germination test and droplet evaporation method. Int J High Dilution Res,
2013, 12, 44, 127-128. Proceedings of the XXVII GIRI Symposium; 2013, Sep 03-04; Bern (Switzerland)
127. This Italian research was performed to determine what effect, if any, the number of successions
used in the preparation of a homeopathic medicine, has on its activity. Previous research has shownthat homeopathically prepared potencies applied to arsenic-stressed wheat seeds stimulates theirgermination rate. In this study multiple replications of this model were employed using controls and a
45X homeopathic potency of arsenic trioxide succussed 4, 8, 16, 32, 40, 70 and 100 times. On analysisof the results it was shown that increasing the number of the succussions increased the activity of thearsenic 45X.
16. Banerjee P, Sukul S. Cuprum Sulphuricum - a homeopathic drug can combating toxic effect ofCu, promote seed germination and peroxidase activity in Vigna unguiculata. Int J High Dilution
Res, 2013, 12, 44, 129-130. Proceedings of the XXVII GIRI Symposium; 2013, Sep 03-04; Bern
(Switzerland) 129. High concentration of copper can cause toxic effects in some plants due to its redox
properties and can catalyze free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species and peroxide compounds.
This Indian study was performed to examine the effect of homeopathically prepared copper sulphate
200C on seed germination of Vigna unguiculata. 3 sets of 100 seeds were prepared for germination. 2
sets were soaked in copper sulphate 200C and the third in a control substance. All were then exposed
to material doses of copper sulphate. The seedling weight and length of germinating axis were observed
after 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. Water uptake percentages were recorded, total protein,chlorophyll, soluble and insoluble sugar were measured and the activity of peroxidase was determined.
The results confirmed that in all the parameters observed, copper sulphate 200C-treated seeds showedsignificant changes as compared to controls.
17. Sukul NM, Chakraborty I, Sukul A. Potentized Cina reduces root-knot nematode in infestation of
cucumber and the antinematode effect is transmitted through water. Int J High Dilution Res, 2013,12, 44, 133-134. Proceedings of the XXVII GIRI Symposium; 2013, Sep 03-04; Bern (Switzerland) 133.
Root-knot nematodes belonging to Meloidogyne incognita are responsible for substantial loss in yield ofvegetable crops all over the world. Chemical nematicides are expensive, cause environmental pollution
and leave toxic residues in crops. In this Indian research, homeopathically prepared Cina wasinvestigated for its properties as a nematicide and whether these properties could be dispersed throughwater. To do this, aseptically germinated seeds of cucumber, (Cucumis sativus L) were grown insterlised pots. The pots were divided into 5 groups (10 pots per group): (i) uninoculated untreated, (ii)inoculated untreated, (iii) inoculated and treated with Cina 200C , (iv) inoculated and treated indirectly byconnection with wet cotton threads to group (iii) and (v) inoculated and treated with Ethanol 200C as a
remedy control. Groups (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v) were inoculated with the second stage larvae of
Meloidogyne incognita when the plants were at six leave stage. Just before inoculation plants of group(iii) and (iv) were connected leaf by leaf by wet cotton threads encased in polythene tubes. Then plantsof group (iii) were directly pretreated by foliar spray with Cina 200C diluted with distilled water (1:500).
Two days after inoculation plants of group (iii) were treated again with Cina 200C in a similar way. After
2 weeks all the plants were harvested and measured for shoot length, shoot weight, root length, root
weight, numbers of leaves per plant, leaf area, root gall number per plant, nematode population in roots
and rhizospheric soil, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf sugar, protein content and root protein content.
Analysis of the data showed a strong association between the use of Cina 200C, a reduction innematode population, and a significant reduction in their effects. The data also showed that theseeffects were transferred through water.
18. Fagan V, et al. High dilution of Belladonna affect the mycelial growth of Corynesporacassiicola in vitro. Int J High Dilution Res, 2011, 10, 36, 245-248. Proceedings of the XXV GIRI
Symposium and VIII CBFH; 2011, Sep 04-07; Foz do Iguaçu (Brazil) 245. In this work from the State
University of Maringá in Brazil, researchers sought to trial the use of homeopathically prepared
Belladonna against the growth of spores from the fungus Corynespora cassiicola, which is associatedwith Target Spot disease, a problem that causes infection in various crops such as soybeans and is
endemic to Brazil. This is a significant issue for organic farmers who are prohibited from using
agricultural chemicals to control it. To test the effectiveness of this protocol, agar growth plates were
produced and to these were added filtered Belladonna in 6X, 12X, 24X or 30X potencies or a filteredcontrol (distilled water). The fungal isolate was peaked and grown and a disc of the fungal mycelia
placed in the centre of each plate. The plates were incubated and checked daily for fungal growth fromthe disc for 12 days. The results showed that all of the potencies of Belladonna were effective in
reducing the mycelial growth of the fungus when compared to control, with the best results achieved
with the 30X potency.
19. Barbosa IS, et al. Evaluation of the effects of homeopathic medicines on the germination
seeds of Brassica oleracea l. ar. Italica. Int J High Dilution Res, 2012, 11, 40, 213-214. Proceedingsof the XXVI GIRI Symposium; 2012, Sep 20-22; Florence (Italy). Scientists from the Federal Institute of
Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, in an effort to reduce the dependence on agricultural chemicals, designed anexperiment to determine the effects of homeopathically prepared Phosphorus on the germination ofseeds from Brassica oleracea (Broccoli). Broccoli seeds were grown in multiple sets and exposed to
Phosphorus 6C, 30C, 200C or 2 controls, every 2 days for 10 days, and assessed for germination
percentage and germination speed index. An analysis of the results showed that when compared to thecontrols, seeds under the influence of Phosphorus 6C showed a significant increase in germination
speed.
20. Datta S, et al. Potentized Sucrose alters growth, sugar, protein and chlorophyll content in
cowpea seedlings. Int J High Dilution Res, 2013, 12, 44, 137-138. Proceedings of the XXVII GIRI
Symposium; 2013, Sep 03-04; Bern (Switzerland) 137. Scientists from Calcutta University performed
this work to measure the effects of homeopathically prepared sucrose on various physiologicalparameters in cowpea seedlings. To do this, cowpea seeds were sterilized and allowed to germinate inpetri dishes over moist filter papers. Immediately after germination they were divided into two groups.
While one group was treated with Sucrose 30C diluted with distilled water 1:500, the other group wastreated with Ethanol 30CH, diluted with water 1:500. After treatment the seedlings were transferred toseparate petri dishes and allowed to grow for 72 hours. Samples of seedlings from each treatmentgroup were weighed, kept at 70 degrees Celsius for 24 hours and weighed again. Another sample fromeach group was analysed for their sugar, protein and chlorophyll content. Leaf and cotyledon sections
were examined for changes in the epidermal cells of cotyledons and density and morphology ofstomata. It was shown that Sucrose 30C induced significant changes in water content, chlorophyll,
sugar and protein content in the seedlings as compared to the control. Sucrose 30C also increased
stomata density in the leaves significantly and there was a marked change in the structure of epidermal
cells of cotyledons.
21. Jager T, et al. Comparative Study of Two Bioassays with Weakened Duckweed and Yeast
Treated with Homeopathic Preparations. Homeopathy, 2014, 103, 1, 71. Swiss and German
researchers in this study examined the hypothesis that more complex organisms show stronger
reactions to homeopathic medicines than less complex ones by comparing the response to two
homeopathic preparations of Arsenic (As5+) stressed bioassays with duckweed (Lemna gibba, a multicellular autotrophic organism) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a singlecellular heterotrophic
organism). For duckweed, growth rates of leaf area and leaf number were evaluated. For yeast, growth
kinetics were determined by measuring slope, yield and Et50 (point in time when yield was half
maximum) of the sigmoid growth curve. The experiments with duckweed and yeast were performed inparallel (same day, same location and identical homeopathic preparations). After screening 17
substances, three homeopathic preparations (Arsenicum album, nosode, and Gibberellic acid) werechosen for a repeated experimental series. Five independent experiments were conducted for each
medicine with both organisms in parallel. Potency levels used were in the range of 17X to 33X for
duckweed and 17X to 30X for yeast. To control for test system stability, systematic negative control
experiments were conducted over the complete experimentation period. All experiments were blinded
and randomised. The systematic negative control experiments did not yield any significant effects. The
application of potentised Arsenicum album in the duckweed bioassay yielded the largest effects
compared to water controls without medicines for the parameters, leaf area and leaf number (p<0.001).
Potentised nosode preparations also had significant effects on duckweed’s leaf area and leaf number(p<0.01). Growth was enhanced across all potency levels. In the yeast system the three homeopathic
medicines did not show any significant effects on any growth curve parameter. The results obtained arein line with the hypothesis, that more complex organisms show stronger reactions to homeopathic
remedies than less complex organisms..
22. Dinelli G, et al. Different Approaches in Homeopathic Basic Research: Plant-Based Bioassays
and Evaporation-Induced Crystallization. Homeopathy, 2016, 105, 12. Italian researches from the
University of Bologna carried this work out to confirm the effects of homeopathically prepared Arsenic in
the form of As2O3 45X on the growth of wheat seedlings. The results demonstrated a significant
increase of germination rate and stalk growth with respect to control. Further work was done using thismodel to determine the effects of temperature, the time taken for the germination effects to become
apparent, succussion number and potency level, as well as gene expression, on the wheat-germination
effects of As2O3. From these experiments it was shown that As2O3 45X heated to 20 degrees C, 40
degrees C and 70 degrees C, induced a significant increase of germination rate vs. control, losing its
effectiveness at 100 degrees C. A2O3 45x induced a stimulating effect on germination, that reachedsignificance only after three months from beginning treatment. In regard to the number of succussions
used to prepare the As2O3, a significant increase of germination was obtained starting from 32
succussions between each dilution step for As 45x. Homeopathic potencies from 5X to 60X wereprepared and the data showed an oscillatory trend, with some potencies inducing a significant decrease(35X), while others a significant increase of germination rate (5X, 30X, 40X, 45X, 55X, 60X). In regard togene expression, a massive reduction of gene expression levels to values comparable to those of thecontrol group, induced by As2O3 45x, was observed for several functional classes of genes. In an
extension to this, the research team sought to verify whether the droplet evaporation method (DEM) for
crystal formation can be applied to assess the effectiveness of homeopathic medicines. They studied
the shape characteristics of the polycrystalline structures formed during droplet evaporation of wheat
seed leakages. The results showed that As2O3 45x increased the local connected fractal dimension
levels and bilateral symmetry exactness values in the polycrystalline structures, as compared to thewater treatment.
23. Marotti I, et al. Transcriptome Profiling Of Wheat Seedlings Following Treatment With
Ultrahigh Diluted Arsenic Trioxide. Evid Based Complement Altern Med, 2014:851263. doi:
10.1155/2014/851263. This Italian study, conducted by workers from the University of Bologna andothers, was done to test whether 7-day-old wheat seedlings, grown from seeds either poisoned with asublethal dose of As2O3 (Arsenic trioxide or Arsenicum album) or un-poisoned, showed significant
differences in gene expression profiles after the application of homeopathically prepared As2O3
compared to water (control). The results provided evidence for a strong gene modulating effect ofultrahigh diluted As2O3 in seedlings grown from poisoned seeds: a massive reduction of gene
expression levels to values comparable to those of the control group was observed for several functionalclasses of genes. A plausible hypothesis is that homeopathically prepared As2O3 treatment induced are-equilibration of those genes that were up-regulated during the oxidative stress by bringing theexpression levels closer to the basal levels normally occurring in the control plants.

In-Vitro Studies

1. Aziz DM, Enbergs H. Stimulation of bovine sperm mitochondrial activity by homeopathic
dilutions of monensin. Homeopathy. 2005, 94, 4, 229-32. Mitochondrial activity is an important marker
for the health of sperm. It’s linked to sperm motility and in research laboratories monensin is commonlyused as an inhibitor for sperm mitochondrial activity. The researchers in this study examined the effectsof the 5X to the 14X homeopathic potencies of monensin on the activity of the mitochondria of sperm
taken from mature bulls. All of the potencies produced a stimulatory effect on the bull sperm
mitochondrial activity, with the 9X producing the strongest of these effects
2. Belon P, et al. Inhibition of Human Basophil Degranulation by Successive Histamine Dilutions.
Inflammation Research, 1999, 48, Supplement 1, S17-18. In this controversial, blinded multi-centre trial(which confirmed earlier studies published in Nature in 1988), homeopathic potencies of histamine were
found to substantially reduce the potential for degranulation by sensitised basophils when exposed toallergens.
3. Belon P, et al. Histamine Dilutions Modulate Basophil Activation. Inflammation Research, 2004,
53, 5, 181-8. In this study, which was a replication of work by Jacques Benveniste published in Nature in
1988, the researchers attempted to use homeopathic dilutions of histamine to inhibit the activation ofhuman basophils exposed to an inflammatory mediator. The study was carried out blind in 4 separate
laboratories. Histamine dilutions equivalent to 30X and 38X were found to inhibit basophil activation andsubsequent histamine release.
4. Casaroli- Marano RP, Alegre J, Campos B. Infrared Changes in Potentised Solutions. Revista
Homeopatica, 1998, 38, 5- 12. In this experiment, 70% alcohol/water solutions were serially diluted 1 in
100 up to 30 times, with and without succussion at each step. On examination of each of thesesignificant spectral differences were found between the solutions that were succussed and those thatwere not, indicating that dilution and succussion may produce structural changes to the molecules in thesolution. This may provide further evidence for the possibility of a “memory” of water.
5. Chirila M, et al. The Action of Succussed Substances on the Human Lymphocytes and PMN
Granulocytes in Vitro Stimulated with Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and Zymosin Opsonised (ZO).
Berlin Journal on Research in Homoeopathy, 1991, Congress Report, 1, 3, 166-167. Peripheral blood
lymphocytes were taken from people with a history of allergy to bee products (Group 1), and frompeople who were immunosuppressed (Group 2). These cells were incubated in culture media
supplemented with a succussed water control, various homoeopathic potencies of bee venom (forGroup 1 cells), or cortisone (for Group 2 cells), and the cells were grown. The proliferation of Group 1
cells was inhibited by the potencies of bee venom, indicating that these remedies may be useful in the
management of allergies to bee products. The effects of the potencies of cortisone on the Group 2 cells
varied from stimulation to inhibition.
6. Chirumbolo S, et al. Effects of Homoeopathic Preparations of Organic Acids and Minerals on
the Oxidative Metabolism of Human Neutrophils. British Homeopathic Journal, 1993, 82, 4, 237-244.
The in vitro adhesion and superoxide production of human neutrophils were monitored in the presenceof various homoeopathic medicines. Of these, Sulphur 6X, Manganum phos 6X and 8X, and Magnesium
phos 6X and 8X all lead to a 15-30% increase in these parameters.
7. Delbancut A, et al. Mechanistic Approach to the Effect of High Dilutions of Cadmium to Protectfrom Cytotoxic Cadmium doses in Renal Tubular Cell Cultures. International Research Group on
Very Low Dose and High Dilution Effects, 1993 Giri Meeting, reported in British Homeopathic Journal,
April, 1994, 83, 84-100, Material concentrations of cadmium have strong toxic effects on renal tubules.
The researchers involved in this study found that pre-treatment with homeopathic cadmium 40X, andsubsequent exposure to material concentrations of cadmium, led to a significant reduction in cadmium
induced damage.
8. Enbergs H. Effects of the homeopathic preparation Engystol on interferon-gamma production
by human T-lymphocytes. Immunol Invest. 2006, 35, 1, 19-27. In one of the few experiments carriedout in this area to date, researchers conducting this study collected T-lymphocytes from 30 healthy
human volunteers to investigate the ability or otherwise of a homeopathic combination product toincrease the production of interferon-gamma from these cells. After exposure to various concentrationsof this combination, when compared to control cells, interferon-gamma producing cell levels wereincreased by a means of 20.9% to over 24% with no dose-dependence of the effect at theconcentrations tested.
9. Fougeray S, et al. Effect of High Dilutions of Epidermal Growth Factor on in-vitro Proliferationof Keratinocyte and Fibroblast Cell Lines. 6th Giri Symposium, Munich, Oct 1992, reported in British
Homeopathic Journal, 93, 82. In this experiment, it was shown that 19X and 45X homeopathic potenciesof Epidermal Growth Factor inhibited the proliferation of Keratinocyte and Fibroblast Cell Lines.
10. Fleisbach A, Fejfar V, Spranger J. Effects of Homoeopathic Potencies: Growth of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Potentised Copper Sulphate Dilutions. British Homeopathic Journal,
2000, 89, Supplement 1, S65. Material concentrations of copper sulphate inhibit the growth of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in this study, researchers determined what effect if any a homeopathic
medicine made from copper sulphate would have on this organism. On exposure to homeopathicallypotentised copper sulphate, a potency dependant inhibition or enhancement of growth was seen.

11. Gebhardt R. Antioxidative, antiproliferative and biochemical effects in HepG2 cells of ahomeopathic remedy and its constituent plant tinctures tested separately or in combination.
Arzneimittelforschung. 2003, 53, 12, 823-30. This laboratory study examined the effect of ahomeopathic combination product and its separate components for antioxidative, antiproliferative andbiochemical effects on liver cells grown in laboratory tissue-culture. Protective effects against oxidationof the cells by tert-butyl hydroperoxide were shown by Cardus, China and Nux mosch, and the
combination provided the same level of protection as these 3 individual remedies combined. Cardus,
Chelidonium, Colocynthis and Veratrum alb all showed an antiproliferative effect against cellproliferation agents on the cells and the combination exhibited the same effect. Cardus and the
combination both increased the conjugation effectiveness of glutathione.
12. Glatthaar-Saalmuller B, Fallier-Becker P. Antiviral Action of Euphorbium Compositum and its
Componants. Forschende Komplementarmedizin Und Klassiche Naturheikunde, 2001, 8, 207-212. In
this in-vitro study, human cell cultures were infected with influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus,
human rhinovirus or herpes simplex virus type1, and then treated with Euphorbium compositum, ahomeopathic complex. Various anti-viral drugs such as acyclovir, rabavirin and amatadine were used as
positive controls against which to compare the results of the complex. When compared with control cells
exposed to the same concentration of ethanol used in the complex, the homeopathic complex showedanti-viral properties comparable to the effects of the drugs against respiratory syncitial virus and herpes
simplex virus type 1.
13. Glatthaar-Saalmuller B, Fallier-Becker P, Weiser M. Influence of homeopathically processed
Coenzyme Q10 on proliferation and redifferentiation of endothelial cells. Forsch
Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2004, 11, 5,:267-73. CoEnzyme Q10, known for its ability toregulate cell metabolism and proliferation, was assessed for its ability to promote the same functions
after being homeopathically potentised. Undifferentiated human umbilical vein endothelial cell cultures
were exposed to various potencies of CoQ10 (5X to 10X) The cell division rate was then assessed byflow cytometry and cell differentiation determined by von Willebrand factor expression. The 7X to 10X
potencies of CoQ10, and particularly the 8X potency, increased cell proliferation while none of thepotencies appeared to enhance cell differentiation.
14. Moss VA, Roberts A, Simpson K. Action of Remedies on Movement of Macrophages andLeucocytes. Homeopathy, 2002, 91, 2, 113-114. Laboratory measurements of guinea pig macrophages
and human leucocytes exposed to the homoeopathic remedies Belladonna, Hepar sulph, Pyrogenium,
Silica and Staphylococcinum, showed that these remedies caused an increase in the movement ofthese cells through a Boyden micropore filter. This may indicate that the remedies produce an increasein this aspect of immune competence.
15. Oberbaum M, et al. Antiviral activity of Engystol: an in vitro analysis. J Altern Complement Med.
2005, 1, 5, 855-62. Cultured tissue cells infected with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), human rhinovirus(HRV), adeno 5 (A5V) and respiratory syncytial virus were exposed to Engystol, a homeopathic
combination product. These cells were then assayed for virus clearance using plaque reduction, virus
titration and Elisa methods. The results of these assays showed an 80% reduction in HSV-1 specificproteins, a 73% reduction in A5V specific proteins and a reduction in infectivity of RSV by 37% and HRV
by 20%.
16. Pathak S, et al. Ruta 6 selectively induces cell death in brain cancer cells but proliferation innormal peripheral blood lymphocytes: A novel treatment for human brain cancer. Int J Oncol.
2003, 23, 4, 975-82. In this uncontrolled study, 15 people suffering from various intracranial tumors weretreated with a combination Ruta 6C and homoeopathic calcium phosphate. All forms of tumors,

particularly gliomas, were found to regress under treatment with these medicines and the trial subjects
also exhibited an increase in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. Further examination of a possible
mechanism for the tumor-killing effect of this combination found that it was due to cancer cell telomere
erosion, causing a selective early death of these cells.
17. Poitevin B, Davenas E, Benveniste J. In Vitro Immunological Degranulation of Human
Basophils is Modulated by Lung Histamine and Apis mellifica. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 1988, 25, 4,
439-444. In this study, potentised dilutions of Apis mellifica and Histamine were found to significantly
reduce basophil degranulation in vitro.
18. Ramachandran C, et al. Investigation of cytokine expression in human leukocyte cultures with
two immune-modulatory homeopathic preparations. J Altern Complement Med. 2007, 13, 4, 403-7.
The aim of the researchers from Miami Children's Hospital in Florida who carried out this study was todetermine the effects of homeopathics on cellular signalling pathways, specifically, the effects of 2 antiinfluenza homeopathic combination products on normal human leukocyte cultures. When the
researchers compared the effects of the homeopathic combinations to 20% ethanol solvent controls, it
was found that exposure to either of the homeopathic combinations stimulated the production of pro-and
anti-inflammatory cytokines by these cells.
19. Singh L.M., Gupta G. Antiviral Efficacy of Homeopathic Drugs against Animal Viruses. British
Homeopathic Journal, 1985, July, 74, 168-174. Researchers at the Indian Central Drug ResearchInstitute in Lucknow carried out this study to determine the inhibiting effects, if any, of various potencies
of 10 homeopathic remedies on chicken embryo virus and simliki forest virus, a virus capable of causing
encephalitis, paralysis ad death in mice. Homeopathic typhoidinum 200C, hydrophobinum 1M,
tuberculinum 1M, nux vomica 200C and malandrinum 1M all produced 100% inhibition of the chicken
embryo virus.
20. Sukul NC, Sukul A, Sinhababu SP. Potentised Mercuric Chloride and Mercuric Iodide enhanceAlpha Amylase activity in vitro. Homeopathy, 2002, 91, 4, 217-220..In part a repetition of a trial
published in 1954, researchers determined that Mercuric chloride 30C and Mercuric iodide 30C, both ofwhich theoretically should contain no molecules of either of the original substance, were able to promote
the hydrolysis of starch in vitro. This tends to support the view that the water molecules in the remedy
retain the “memory” of the original molecule through the homeopathic potentisation process.
21. Sunila ES, et al. Dynamized Preparations in Cell Culture. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.
2009, 6, 2, 257-263. This article describes a series of tests carried out at the Amala Cancer ResearchCentre in Kerala, India, on cells grown in the laboratory using various homeopathically prepared
medicines to ascertain their effects on these cells. Mother tincture, 30C and 200C potencies of various
substances as well as potentised alcohol controls were separately added to the individual growth media
in which certain lymphoma, carcinoma, fibroblast and ovary cells were grown. After analysing the effectsof these materials on the various cell cultures, it was found that some of these caused significant cell
death during short and long term incubation when compared to alcohol controls. It was also found thatsome of the test materials inhibited thymidine uptake in lung fibroblasts (therefore inhibiting growth),
Thuja, Hydrastis and Carcinosin specifically, induced cell death in lymphoma cells, and Carcinosin wasable to induce the expression of p53, which has been found to be capable of causing tumor
suppression.
22. Walchli C, Baumgartner S, Bastide MJ. Effect of low doses and high homeopathic potencies innormal and cancerous human lymphocytes: an in vitro isopathic study. Altern Complement Med.
2006, 12, 5, 421-7. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pretreatment with either lowdoses, or homeopathic potencies, of cadmium chloride on the ability of normal lymphocyte or cancerous
lymphocyte cultures to withstand exposure to toxic doses of cadmium. Normal lymphocytes exposed to
toxic levels of cadmium which were pretreated with either low dose of cadmium or potentised cadmium
showed a significant increase in viability. This effect was the same in the cancerous lymphocytes exceptthat these cells showed no increase in viability after pre-treatment with potentised cadmium.
23. Witt CM, et al. The In-Vitro Evidence for an Effect of High Homeopathic Potencies--a
Systematic Review of the Literature. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2007, 15, 2, 128-38.
This was essentially a meta-analysis of all of the in-vitro studies that have attempted to demonstrate ahomeopathic effect to date, carried out by Professor Claudia Witt and colleagues at the Department of
Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center in Berlin, Germany. The aim
here was to search all appropriate databases for relevant studies, determine which studies met thequality criteria set by the researchers, and then to determine which, if any of these, exhibited astatistically significant effect in this area. 67 papers were identified that met the quality criteria and ofthese, 73% found that an effect from high potencies can be demonstrated. The majority of these studies
involved the effects of potentised substances on basophils. Replication of some of these studies has
been carried out.
24. Khuda-Bukhsh AR, et al. Analysis of the capability of ultra-highly diluted glucose to increase
glucose uptake in arsenite-stressed bacteria Escherichia coli. Journal of Chinese Integrative
Medicine, 2011, 9, 8, 901-912. Scientists from the University of Kalyani in India and Boiron Labs inFrance conducted this analysis to determine the effects of homeopathically prepared glucose 30C on
glucose uptake in E.coli. The bacteria were stressed by exposure to sodium arsenite thus increasing
their glucose uptake. They were then exposed to a 1% glucose solution, 3% glucose solution,
homeopathically prepared glucose 30C, or an inactive control. Glucose uptake, specific activities ofhexokinase and glucokinase, membrane potential, intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and
expression of glucose permease in E. coli were then analysed at two different time intervals. On
examination of the results it was shown that when compared to controls, glucose 30C was associatedwith changes similar to those induced by the 1% and 3% glucose solutions.
25. de Oliveira CC, et al. Developments on drug discovery and on new therapeutics: highly diluted
tinctures act as biological response modifiers. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2011, Oct 26; 11:101.
In this trial, researchers from the Universidade Federal do Paraná in Brazil used mice as well as humanand mouse derived immune cells to determine the effects of three combinations of homeopathically
prepared substances on various immune functions of the cells in vitro and the mice in vivo. Humanleukemia cells, cancer cells and normal human macrophages were cultured and exposed to the threecombinations, labelled as M1, M2 and M8. Mice were exposed to M1, M2 and M3 and theirmacrophages, lymph nodes and bone marrow cells assessed with specific reference to cell viability,
oxidative response, lipid peroxidation, bone marrow and lymph node cells immunophenotyping.
Assessment on all human derived cells was via cytotoxicity, cytokines released and NF kappa B
activation after in vitro treatment. Controls were used, multiples of tests were carried out and theresearchers were blinded to the sources of the materials tested. On final analysis and in comparison tocontrols, no cytotoxicity to the homeopathic complexes were seen and all three complexes wereassociated with a significant stimulation of specific aspects of both in vitro and in vivo immune functions.
26. Ive EC, Couchman IM, Reddy L. Therapeutic Effect of Arsenicum album on Leukocytes. Int J
Mol Sci. 2012;13(3):3979-87. Scientists from South Africa’s Durban University of Technology performed
this in vitro study to determine the effects of various succussed and unsuccussed homeopathically
prepared Arsenic trioxide (Arsenicum album) on human T lymphocytes grown in tissue culture. Cells
were intoxicated with arsenic trioxide and then exposed to succussed and unsuccussed Arsenicum 6C,

succussed and unsuccussed Arsenicum 30C, succussed and unsuccussed Arsenicum 200C or acontrol substance for 24, 48 or 72 hours. Cells were assessed for viability at baseline and at these three
data points. After the counts from these data points were assessed it was shown that when compared tocontrols, all of the homeopathically prepared Arsenicum potencies provided a statistically significant
increase in cell viability. These results were unaffected by whether the material was succussed or
unsuccussed, but were affected by the length of exposure time to the remedy.
27. De A, et al. Potentized homeopathic drug Arsenicum Album 30C inhibits intracellular reactive
oxygen species generation and up-regulates expression of arsenic resistance gene in arsenineexposed bacteria Escherichia coli. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao. 2012, 10, 2, 210-27. In more usefulwork from India’s University of Kalyani, researchers looked into the effects of homeopathically prepared
Arsenic trioxide (Arsenicum album) on arsenic toxicity in E. coli. The bacteria were grown in a subbacteriocidal concentration of sodium arsenite and exposed to Arsenicum 30C or several controls via arandomised schedule and were assessed for glucose uptake, specific activities of hexokinase, lipid
peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase, intra- and extra-cellular sodium arsenite content, cell
growth, cell membrane potential, DNA damage, intracellular reactive oxygen species, adenosine
triphosphate, free glutathione content and expressions of arsB and ptsG genes. On analysis and incomparison to the controls used, it was found that the use of Arsenicum 30C was associated with areduced arsenic toxicity in E. coli by inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species and increasing
the tolerance to arsenite.
28. Coelho Moreira CO, et al. Lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by activated Cebus apellamacrophages treated with a complex homeopathic immune response modifiers. Homeopathy.
2012, 101, 1, 74-9. In more work done to validate the effects of the homeopathic combination, Canova,
researchers at Brazil’s Universidade Federal do Pará investigated the in vitro effects of this product onmacrophages and the subsequent effects of these upon lymphocytes. Macrophages from tufted
capuchin monkeys in culture were exposed to Canova. These macrophages were then co-cultured with
peripheral blood lymphocytes. The analysis of Canova effects in the cultured lymphocytes was
performed according to the cell cycle phase using flow cytometry and further assessed by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay for Interferon gamma and Interleukin-5 cytokines. On examination of theresults it was shown that the use of Canova was associated with an increase in the number ofproliferation lymphocytes and in the levels of interferon gamma and interleukin-5 cytokines.
29. Guimarães FS, et al. Stimulation of lymphocyte anti-melanoma activity by co-cultured
macrophages activated by complex homeopathic medication. BMC Cancer. 2009, Aug 22, 9, 293.
This study, carried out by a team from Brazil’s Universidade Federal do Paraná, sought to determine theeffects of a complex of homeopathically prepared ingredients on the in-vitro response to melanoma
cells. To do this, mouse lymph node lymphocytes were co-cultured with macrophages in the presence orabsence of the homeopathic complex, and B16F10 melanoma cells; a particularly aggressive melanoma
cell line. When compared to controls, it was found that the lymphocyte and macrophage cultures
exposed to the homeopathic complex had greater anti-melanoma activity, reducing melanoma celldensity and increasing the numbers of lysed tumor cells.
30. Frenkel M, et al. Cytotoxic effects of ultra-diluted remedies on breast cancer cells. International
Journal of Oncology. 2010, 36: 2, 395-403. This University of Texas study was done to determine the invitro cytotoxic effects of homeopathically potentised Carcinosin 30C, Conium 3C, Phytolacca 200C,
Thuja 30C, and succussed and unsuccussed negative solvent controls on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231
human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines in tissue culture and a normal human cell line in tissue culture.
On analysis, it was shown the use of homeopathically prepared Carcinosin and Phytolacca wereassociated with a reduction in the viability of the adenocarcinomatous cells, an increase in the rate ofcell death, a preferential loss of telomeric DNA and early apoptosis induction from and of these cells.
31. Venard C, et al. Comparative Analysis of Gelsemine and Gelsemium sempervirens Activity on
Neurosteroid Allopregnanolone Formation in the Spinal Cord and Limbic System. Evid BasedComplement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:407617. Scientists at France’s University of Strasbourg built on
previous work done on Gelsemium by exposing rat limbic and spinal cord tissue to 5C, 9C and 15C
homeopathic preparations of Gelsemium and gelsemine, one of Gelsemium’s active constituents, todetermine their effects on pain and anxiety at a cellular level. During this process it was shown that the
5C potencies of both remedies, and to a lesser extent the 9C potencies of both remedies, increased theconversion of progesterone to allopregnanolone in these tissues, indicating that exposure to these
remedies was associated with an analgesic and anxiolytic effect.
32. Guimaraes F de SF, et al. In vitro and in vivo anticancer properties of a Calcarea carbonica
derivative complex (M8) treatment in a murine melanoma model. BMC Cancer 2010, 10:113
doi:10.1186/1471-2407-10-113. This Brazilian study adds to previous work done to determine theanticancer effects of a combination product containing 10 homeopathically potentised substances, ofwhich Calc carb 5C is the primary ingredient. B16F10 melanoma cells (a particularly aggressive cellline) in tissue culture were co-cultured with macrophages and lymphocytes. These were exposed to thehomeopathic combination product and the results compared with an uninocculated control. On analysis
it was shown that the homeopathic combination product was associated with an increase in the capacityof the lymphocytes in the tissue culture to destroy growing cancer cells, as well as an increase in the
proportion of CD25+ lymphocytes and an increase in lymphocyte viability.
33. Burbano RR, et al. Lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by activated human macrophages
treated with Canova. Homeopathy. 2009, 98, 1, 45-8. In this study, researchers from the Universidade
Federal do Pará in Brazil add to work previously done in this area by using a homeopathic mixture
referred to as Canova (homeopathically potentised Aconitum napellus, Arsenicum album, Bryonia alba,
Lachesis muta, Thuja occidentalis) to determine its effect on the mitotic index of phytohaemagglutininstimulated human lymphocytes. These lymphocytes were cultured in media containing Canova and theirmitotic index was compared with lymphocytes cultured without it. The mitotic index is a measure of theproliferation status of a cell population. On analysis of the results it was found that the addition of
Canova to the culture media was associated with an increase in the proliferation (mitotic) index.
34. Patil CR, et al. Immunomodulatory activity of Toxicodendron pubescens in experimental
models. Homeopathy. 2009, 98, 3, 154-9. This adds to previous work done in this area and focuses on
the capacity of raw and homeopathically prepared Rhus tox to modulate immune functions, usingparameters such as chemotaxis, oxidative processes and phagocytosis as a means of measuringoutcomes. Mother tincture, 6C, 30C, 200C and 1M homeopathically prepared potencies of Rhus tox
were used and all homeopathic potencies, apart from the 200C and 1M, as well as mother tincture, were
found to intensify immune function.
35. Gupta G, Srivastava AK. In-vitro activity of Thuja occidentalis Linn. against human pathogenic
aspergilla. The Homoeopathic Heritage, 2002, 27, 1, 5-12. This Indian research investigated whether or
not homeopathically prepared Thuja has an in-vitro fungicidal effect on pathogenic Aspergillus niger andflavus. Pathogenic strains of these organisms were grown by standard laboratory means and were
exposed to 30C, 200C, 1M, 10M and 50M homeopathically prepared potencies of Thuja occidentalis as
well as two negative controls I(water and ethanol) and a positive control (Ketaconazole). After incubation
the cultures where measured to determine the extent of growth inhibition. All of the Thuja potencies
showed some effect against both species of aspergillus, but when compared to the negative controls,the 30c and 200C potencies showed the greatest effect. In addition, the 30C potency proved to have a
93% equivalence to Ketoconazole and the 200C exhibited an 89% equivalence.
36. Queiroz AO, et al. Evaluation of Trypanosoma cruzi 30dH biotherapic: an in-vitro study. Int JHigh Dilution Research, 2006, 5, 17, 14-16. In this Brazilian study, researchers set out to determine
whether or not exposure to a 30X homeopathically prepared medicine made from Trypanosoma cruzi
had any effect on specific IgM and IgG antibody production in mice. The study confirmed the effect of
this preparation and found that pretreatment with the Trypanosoma cruzi 30X was associated with a
50% reduction in mortality, an increase in specific antibody and a reduction in the numbers of theparasite in the blood of mice infected with this organism.
37. Chirumbolo S, et al. Inhibition of CD203c membrane up-regulation in human basophils by highdilutions of histamine: a controlled replication study. Inflamm Res. 2009, 58, 11, 755–764. This is
one of quite a few studies that have been carried out to investigate the action of homeopathically
prepared histamine on human basophils. In this paper, various homeopathic potencies of histamine andwater controls were tested for their capacity to influence the responsiveness of basophils to anti-IgE
antibodies. Assays were carried out using flow cytometry. After the results had been collected andcalculations performed, it was revealed that histamine, homeopathically prepared to 2C, 12C, 14C, 15C
and 16C, when compared to water controls, had a significant inhibitory capacity on the functions ofhuman basophils.
38. Montagnier L, et al. Electromagnetic Signals Are Produced by Aqueous Nanostructures
Derived from Bacterial DNA Sequences. Interdiscip Sci Comput Life Sci, 2009, 1, 2, 81–90. In thisground-breaking work by Nobel Prize winning scientist, Luc Montagnier, it was shown that bacterial
DNA, at dilutions equivalent to those seen in 18X homeopathic potencies, has the capacity to emit
objectively detectable and specific electromagnetic signals. This work goes some way towards
confirming the notion that even at high dilutions, physical substances are capable of leaving anelectromagnetic remnant of their physical form. In discussions on these findings, Montagnier was quoted
as saying, "I can’t say that homeopathy is right in everything. What I can say now is that the highdilutions are right. High dilutions of something are not nothing. They are water structures which mimic
the original molecules."
39. Malarczyk E, Kochmanska-Rdest J, Wilkolazka AJ. Influence of very low doses of mediators onfungal laccase activity - nonlinearity beyond imagination Nonlinear Biomedical Physics 2009,
3:10doi:10.1186/1753-4631-3-10. In this work, carried out in the Biochemistry Department of the Maria
Curie-Skłodowska University in Poland, scientists looked at the capacity of very low doses ofbiochemical mediators to facilitate the action of the enzyme laccase, which is normally used in various
industrial applications. These mediators, ABTS and HBT, are normally used at material levels tofacilitate the action of the enzyme, but in this study, it was shown that several homeopathic potencies ofthese mediators, homeopathically potentised to the equivalent of 1C to 10C, had the capacity toincrease the activity of laccase. The potencies associated with the highest level of activity were HBT 7C
and 8C, and ABTS 4C and 5C.
40. Hostanska K, et al. Effect of two homeopathic remedies at different degrees of dilutions on thewound closure of 3T3 fibroblasts in in vitro scratch assay. Int J High Dilution Res, 2012; 11, 40,
164-165. Proceedings of the XXVI GIRI Symposium; 2012, Sep 20-22; Florence (Italy). Swiss scientists
performed this trial to determine the extent to which two homeopathic combination products (Similasan
Arnica plus and SIM WuS) could influence the activity of cultured fibroblasts, and thereby demonstrate apossible role in wound healing. In doing this, cell proliferation, cell migration and the wound closure
promoting effect of the homeopathic preparations and negative controls were investigated on mousefibroblasts. Cell viability was determined by WST-1 assay, cell growth was assessed using BrdU uptake,cell migration by chemotaxis assay and wound closure by CytoSelect Wound Healing Assay Kit which
generated a defined wound area. All assays were performed in three independent controlled
experiments. On analysis of the results, compared to the control, it was found that cell viability andproliferation were unaffected by either of the homeopathic combinations. Similisan did exert astimulating effect on fibroblast migration (32% vs 15% for the control). Similisan also promoted in-vitro
wound closure by 60% vs 22% for the control.
41. Coelho CP, et al. Effect of homeopathic treatment used in commercial boar semen diluent on
sperm viability. Int J High Dilution Res, 2012, 11, 40, 174-176. Proceedings of the XXVI GIRI
Symposium; 2012, Sep 20-22; Florence (Italy). This Brazilian study sought to determine the effects ofhomeopathically potentised material, Pulsatilla 6C, Avena sativa 6C, or a combination of the two, on thequality of boar semen. Semen samples were obtained from two 18 month old sexually mature boars andone dose of two globules of each of the test materials, plus a control, were added to individual aliquotsof 100 mL of diluted boar semen, which were then chilled. All samples were labeled in codes forblinding. On analysis of the results the team discovered that when compared to controls, Pulsatilla 6C
produced a statistically significant improvement in the quality of cooled and stored pig semen.
42. Mukherjee A, Boujedaini N, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Homeopathic Thuja 30C ameliorates
benzo(a)pyrene-induced DNA damage, stress and viability of perfused lung cells of mice in vitro.
J Integr Med, 2013, 11, 6, 397-404. The aim of this work was to determine if homeopathically prepared
Thuja 30C could ameliorate benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)-induced DNA damage, stress and viability of
perfused lung cells from mice. To do this, perfused normal lung cells from mice were cultured andexposed to BaP for 24 h. Thereafter, the intoxicated cells were either treated with Thuja 30C or anegative control. Assessment was via the measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
accumulation, total glutathione (GSH) content, and the production of heat shock protein (hsp)-90 as wellas cell viability and other test parameters. It was shown that, when compared to the control, Thuja 30C
significantly increased cell viability of BaP-intoxicated cells. Thuja 30C inhibited BaP-induced stresslevels, by down-regulating ROS and hsp-90, and increasing GSH content. Thuja 30C itself had no DNAdamaging effect, and no direct drug-DNA interaction. However, it showed quite striking ability to repair
the DNA damage caused by BaP.
43. Chakraborty I, et al. High dilutions of homeopathic remedies induce relaxation of rat aorta
precontracted with Noradrenalin. Int J High Dilution Res, 2013, 12, 43, 44-51. Indian researchers
looked at the effects of homeopathically prepared Aurum metallicum 30C and Lycopus virginicus 30C on
the isolated aorta of rats in an effort to determine the possible effectiveness of these medicines in the
management of hypertension. Isolated rings of aortic tissue were fixed in fluid and attached to acomputer-monitored isometric transducer and then precontracted using noradrenalin. They were thenexposed to the homeopathically prepared materials or a control substance and assessed for their extent
of relaxation. The results showed that when compared to the control, both medicines produced
significant relaxation of the aortic strips.
44. Rajan A, Bagai U. Antimalarial potential of homeopathic medicines against schizont
maturation of Plasmodium berghei in short-term in vitro culture. Int J High Dilution Res, 2012, 11,41, 224-236. Scientists from the Department of Zoology in the Panjab University at Chandigarh in India
performed this in-vitro experiment to discover what effect, if any, various dilutions of homeopathically
prepared materials would have on the viability of Plasmodium berghei, a parasite commonly implicatedin malaria, when compared to the action of chloroquine. Using the in-vitro schizont maturation inhibition
assay, P. berghei was cultured, and at the intra-erythrocyte phase of its life cycle, exposed to mothertincture, 6C, 30C or 200C homeopathic preparations of China officinalis, Chelidonium majus or

Arsenicum album, or material doses of chloroquine. Significant reduction of the growth of intraerythrocyte stages of P. berghei was observed with the decreasing dilutions of mother tincture and thevarious potencies of China, Chelidonium and Arsenicum, exhibiting a dose-dependent effect. Maximum
schizont maturation inhibition (80%) was observed with China mother tincture, China 30C andChelidonium 30C, with chloroquine providing an inhibition of 95%. Arsenicum 30C provided an inhibitionof 75%.
45. Bandyopadhyay B, et al. Decreased intensity of Japanese Encephalitis virus infection in chickchorioallantoic membrane under influence of ultradiluted Belladonna extract. Indian Journal of
Research in Homoeopathy, 2010, 4, 2, 1-6. The inner membrane of the chicken egg (the chorioallantoic
membrane) has long been used as a platform for viral research, with pock formation on thesemembranes registering the presence of viral growth. This tool was used by a team of Indian researchers
looking at the potential of homeopathically prepared Belladonna to prevent the growth of Japanese
Encephalitis virus (JEV). To do this, membranes were inoculated with Belladonna 3C, 15C, 30C, 200C
or a control substance. They were then inoculated with JEV and incubated at 37 degrees Celsius for 14
days and examined for pock formation. When compared to the controls, it was found that the use of allof the Belladonna potencies was associated with a significant reduction in viral pock formation,
indicating an inhibition of growth.
46. Naoual B, Stéphane C, Terzan L. Assessment of anti-inflammatory activity of homeopathic
Arnica Montana. Int J High Dilution Res, 2013; 12(44):121-122. Proceedings of the XXVII GIRI
Symposium; 2013, Sep 03-04; Bern (Switzerland) 121. This study was done in two parts; in-vitro and invivo. The aim of the in-vitro trial was to measure the effect of Arnica montana 5C on the expression of
intracellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) plays an important role in the inflammatory process andimmune response. These cells were cultured and exposed to either Arnica or a placebo and assayed formolecular expression, after which it was shown that Arnica significantly attenuated ICAM-1 expressionin endothelial cells compared to placebo, thereby displaying a significant endothelial anti-inflammatory
effect. The in-vivo part looked at the effect of different homeopathic potencies of Arnica montana versus
placebo, in the regeneration of skeletal muscle and inflammatory parameters in rats after injury. The
results for this part of the study weren’t quite as successful as the in-vitro arm but did show an increasein the ratio of M2 to M1 macrophages, indicating a reduction in inflammation.
47. da Silva RMRJ, et al. Analysis of in vitro activity of high dilutions of Euphorbia tirucalli L. inhuman melanoma cells. Int J High Dilution Res, 2011, 10, 36, 183-193 Proceedings of the XXV GIRI
Symposium and VIII CBFH; 2011, Sep 04-07; Foz do Iguaçu (Brazil) 183. Brazilian researchers set out
to determine what effects, if any, homeopathically prepared potencies of latex and tincture of Euphorbia
tirucalli have on the proliferation of cultured human melanoma cells. The cultured cells were exposed to
5C, 15C and 30C homeopathic potencies of the latex and mother tincture as well as an ethanol andwater control, and monitored via MTT assay for 24 to 72 hours. Compared to the control, all of the test
solutions appeared to exert a proliferation inhibition, with the Euphorbia tirucalli 30C prepared frommother tincture exhibiting the strongest inhibition (32.1%).
48. Huh YH, Kim MJ, Yeo MG. Homeopathic Rhus toxicodendron treatment increased theexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 in primary cultured mouse chondrocytes. Homeopathy, 2013,
102, 4, 248-53. In this in-vitro research, cultures of mouse chondrocytes were exposed to 4X, 30X, 30C
and 200C homeopathic potencies of Rhus toxicodendron. Assessments were then made of theexpression of collagen type II, a marker protein of chondrocytes, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), whichis responsible for the biosynthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and the regulation of the inflammatory
response, using biochemical and immunological methods such as reverse transcription polymerasechain reaction (RT-PCR), quantitative (or real-time) RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunoblot assays. The
anti-inflammatory effects of the remedies were significant. All of the Rhus tox potencies, most notably
the 30X, increased the mRNA expression of COX-2, and mRNA expression in both RT-PCR and qRTPCR analyses. The 4X, 30X and 30C potencies inhibited collagen type II expression, suggesting that
Rhus tox induced the dedifferentiation of chondrocytes. In addition, treatment with 30X Rhus tox
significantly increased PGE2 release compared with other homeopathic dilutions of Rhus tox.
49. Arora S, et al. Anti-proliferative effects of homeopathic medicines on human kidney, colonand breast cancer cells. Homeopathy, 2013, 102, 4, 274-82. This study set out to investigate thepotential cytotoxicity of homeopathic mother tinctures and 30C, 200C, 1M and 10M homeopathic
potencies of Sarsaparilla, Ruta graveolens and Phytolacca decandra, against cell lines deriving fromtumors of particular organs. Sarsaparilla was tested against ACHN cells from human renal
adenocarcinoma as well as non-malignant Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Ruta was tested
against COLO-205 cells from human colorectal carcinoma, and Phytolacca was tested against MCF-7
cells from human breast carcinoma. Cytotoxicity was measured using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method, anti-proliferative activity by trypan blue exclusion assay,
apoptosis determined by dual staining the cells with ethidium bromide (EB) and acridine orange (AO)
dyes. On analysis it was found that all of the remedies tested (particularly the mother tinctures),produced cytotoxicity and a decrease in cell proliferation. Signs of apoptosis were evident including cell
shrinkage, chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. The MDCK cells were unaffected by any of
the Sarsaparilla potencies.
50. Bigagli E, et al. Effects of Extreme Dilutions of Apis mellifica Preparations on Gene
Expression Profiles of Human Cells. Dose-Response, January-March, 2016, 1-7. Using wholegenome transcriptomic analysis, the authors of this work investigated the effects of a wide range of
homeopathic preparations of Apis mellifica on the gene expression profiles of human cells. RWPE-1
cells, a non-neoplastic adult human epithelial prostate cell line, were exposed to Apis preparations (3C,
5C, 7C, 9C, 12C, 15C, and 30C) or to controls for 24 hours. Non-exposed cells were also checked forgene expression variations. The results showed that even the most diluted solutions retained the ability
to trigger significant variations in gene expression. Gene pathway analysis revealed consistentvariations in gene expression induced by Apis when compared to non-exposed reference cells but not toreference solvent solutions.
51. Aziz DM, Schnurrbusch U, Enbergs H. Effects Of Two Homeopathic Complexes On Bovine
Sperm Mitochondrial Activity. Homeopathy, 2012, 101, 2, 99-102. Workers from Boon and Leipzig
Universities evaluated the effects of two homeopathic combination products on bovine sperm
mitochondrial activity. To do this, bovine sperm viability, acrosomal integrity and sperm chromatin
structure, were assessed in vitro before and after exposure to the homeopathic combination products.
An analysis of the results showed that the homeopathic combinations stimulated the mitochondrial
activity of bovine sperm without effects on their viability, acrosomal integrity or chromatin structure. The
authors proposed the possibility that this translates into improved fertilization capacity in artificial
insemination and should be further investigated.
52. Mohammadi R, Amini K, Charehsaz S. Homeopathic Treatment for Peripheral Nerve
Regeneration: an Experimental Study in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Transection Model. Homeopathy,
2012, 101, 141-146. A research team composed of workers from Canada and Iran looked at the effects
of homeopathic treatment with Hypericum perforatum 30C on peripheral nerve regeneration. Rats
undergoing surgery were given either Hypericum 30C twice daily for 1 week or no homeopathic
treatment, and assessed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after the surgery. An analysis of the results showed that,when compared to what was seen in the untreated rats, the use of Hypericum 30C was associated with

faster and better recovery of affected nerves. In addition, it was shown that the number and diameter ofthe myelinated fibres in the test rats were significantly higher than in the control group.
53. De Oliveira SM, et al, Mercurius Solubilis: Actions on Macrophages. Homeopathy, 2011, 100,228-236. Brazilian scientists from the University of Parana investigated the effects of 6C, 12C, 30C and200C homeopathic potencies of Merc sol on the functions of macrophages from mice. The animals were
given the Merc sol potencies in their drinking water for 7 days and the macrophages in cell culture weresimilarly exposed. The macrophages from the mice and the cell cultures were assessed for theirmorphological activation, interferon gamma release, and interleukin 4 production, as well as theirproduction of nitric oxide, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production. All of these functions reflect
the level of immune and homeostatic acivity of these cells, and an analysis of the results from themacrophages from both the mice an the cell cultures showed that the homeopathic potencies of Merc
sol modulate reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species and cytokine production, which arecentral mediators of the immune system, wound healing and hormesis.
54. Olioso D, et al. Arnica Montana Effects on Gene Expression in a Human Macrophage Cell Line.
Evaluation by Quantitative Real-Time PCR. Homeopathy, 2016, 105, 131-147. This work from Italy
examined the mechanism of action of various potencies of homeopathically prepared Arnica (2C to 15C)
on wound healing. Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis wasused to study the changes in the expression of a customised panel of key genes, mainly cytokines,
receptors and transcription factors. The results showed that for macrophages differentiated towards thewound healing phenotype, Arnica affected the expression of several genes, in particular, CXC
chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), coding for a chief chemokine, and that this exhibited the most consistentincrease of expression, while CXC chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2), Interleukin8 (IL8) and bonemorphogenetic protein (BMP2) were slightly up-regulated, suggesting a positive influence of Arnica on
neutrophil recruitment and on angiogenesis. MMP1, coding for a metalloproteinase capable of cleaving
extracellular matrix substrates, was down-regulated.
55. Pastelin LD, Pichardo CO, Vel-azquez GA. Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects ofSeveral Homeopathic Dilutions of Echinacea Angustifolia on Human Breast, Cervical and
Prostate Cancer Cells and Genotoxic Study of E. angustifolia MT. Homeopathy, 2016, 105, 8. This
Mexican study looked at the in-vitro anti-cancer effects of various homeopathically prepared potencies
of Echinacea (mother tincture, 6C, 30C, 200C, and 1M) on different human cancer cell lines- MDA-MB231 (Breast cancer), HeLa (Cervical cancer) and PC-3 (Prostate cancer). Cytotoxicity was measured
using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-iphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Apoptosis wasdetermined by Annexin-V with flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity was measured on peripheral bloodmononucleated cells (PBMC). Genotoxicity was evaluated by Ames test (in vitro) and Micronucleus
assay (in vivo).The use of the Echinacea was associated with a viability reduction of between
approximately 70 and 89% in the MDA-MB-231 cells, and a viability reduction of between approximately
40 and 96% for HeLa cells, when compared to controls. No viability reduction was seen in the PC-3
cells.
56. do Nascimento HF, et al. In Vitro Assessment of Anticytotoxic and Antigenotoxic Effects ofCanova. Homeopathy, 2016, 105, 3, 265-269. This research sought to determine the in-vitro
antigenotoxic and anticytotoxic effects of a combination of homeopathically prepared ingredients(Canova) on human lymphocytes exposed to N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU). NMU is an N-nitroso
compound, with genotoxic/mutagenic properties. Samples of human lymphocytes that were subjected todifferent concentrations of a mixture containing Canova and NMU were used. The
genotoxicity/antigenotoxicity of Canova was evaluated by the comet assay, anticytotoxicity wasassessed by quantification of apoptosis and necrosis using acridine orange/ethidium bromide. Ananalysis of the results showed that Canova significantly reduced DNA damage induced by NMU andsignificantly reduced the frequency of NMU-induced apoptosis after 24 hour of treatment.
57. Lima LF. Comparison Between the Additive Effects of Diluted (rFSH) and Diluted/Dynamized(FSH 6 cH) Recombinant Follicle-Stimulating Hormone on the In Vitro Culture of Ovine Preantral
Follicles Enclosed in Ovarian Ttissue. Compl Ther Med, 2016, Apr, 25: 39-44. This study compared 2
types of recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH)- diluted and homeopathically potentised, on invitro development of ovine follicles. In the first experiment, ovarian fragments were cultured for 1 or 7days in α-MEM(+) in the absence or presence of different concentrations of diluted rFSH to determine
the best concentration. In the second experiment, the effect of diluted and potentised rFSH (rFSH 6C),
alone or in combination, was studied. In experiment 1, compared to control, 50ng/mL of diluted rFSH
induced higher rates of follicular survival after 7 days of culture and higher percentages of growing
follicles at day 1 of culture. In experiment 2, compared to controls, rFSH 6C induced higher follicular
diameter and survival rate after 7 days and early follicle activation at day 1 of culture (P<0.05).
Compared to diluted rFSH, rFSH 6C induced higher rates of follicle activation at day 1 of culture.
58. Mondal J, Samadder A, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Psorinum 6X Triggers Apoptosis Signals in Human
Lung Cancer Cells. J Integr Med, 2016, Mar, 14, 2, 143-153. This controlled study was conducted to
examine the in-vitro effects of the homeopathic medicine, Psorinum 6X, on cancer cells. Cancer celllines, including A549, HepG2 and MCF-7, were exposed to homeopathically prepared Psorinum 6X or acontrol, and the outcomes assessed using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium
bromide assay. The cell line that exhibited the greatest level of inhibition was selected and used infurther assays to examine cell cycle arrest, cell death (apoptosis), generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and change in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), with assessment carried out by flow
cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Expression of several signal proteins related to apoptosis andcell survival were quantified with Western blotting and confocal microscopy. Further, circular dichroism(CD) spectroscopy was used to determine possible drug-DNA interactions, as well as the induction ofconformational changes. The results showed that Psorinum 6X triggered apoptosis in A549 cells via
both up-regulation and down-regulation of relevant signalling proteins, including p53, caspase-3, Bax
and Bcl-2.
59. Lee KJ, Yeo MG. Homeopathic Rhus toxicodendron Has Dual Effects on the Inflammatory
Response in the Mouse Preosteoblastic Cell Line MC3T3-e1. Homeopathy, 2016, 105, 1, 42-47. A
preosteoblastic mouse cell line, MC3T3-e1, was treated with different homeopathic potencies of Rhus
tox and COX-2 mRNA and protein expression was examined using reverse transcriptase-polymerase
chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunoblotting. Additionally, nitric oxide (NO) generation was examined in
LPS-induced MC3T3-e1 cells using a Griess reaction assay. The results showed that exposure todifferent potencies of Rhus tox increased the expression of Cox2 mRNA, with Rhus tox 30X showing themost prominent increase in mRNA expression. In addition, treatment with Rhus tox 30X significantly
increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release compared with other homeopathic potencies. NO
generation was dramatically decreased in MC3T3-e1 cells after Rhus tox treatment co-stimulated withlipopolysaccharide. Generally, exposure to homeopathically prepared Rhus tox was associated with amodulation of inflammation in the cell population that was studied.
60. Sikdar S, et al. Relative Apoptosis-inducing Potential Of Homeopathic Condurango 6C and
30C in H460 Lung Cancer Cells In vitro: -Apoptosis-induction by homeopathic Condurango in
H460 cells. J Pharmacopunture, 2014, 17, 1, 59-69. Homeopathically prepared Condurango has ahistory of use in the treatment of cancer. This study looked at the relative capacity of two different
homeopathic potencies of Condurango- 6C and 30C, to influence apoptosis of lung cancer cells incomparison to controls. To do this, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylte-trazolium bromide (MTT)assays were conducted on H460-non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells by using a succussed ethyl
alcohol vehicle as a negative control. Studies on cellular morphology, cell cycle regulation, generation ofreactive oxygen species (ROS), changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and DNAdamage were made, and expressions of related signalling markers were studied. The observations weredone in a "blinded" manner. Both Condurango 6C and 30C induced apoptosis via cell cycle arrest at
subG0/G1 and altered expressions of certain apoptotic markers significantly in H460 cells. The
medicines induced oxidative stress through ROS elevation and MMP depolarization at 18-24 hours.
These events presumably activated a caspase-3-mediated signalling cascade, as evidenced by reverse
transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot and immunofluorescence studies at alate phase (48 hours) in which cells were pushed towards apoptosis. It was also shown that Condurango
30C had greater apoptotic effect than Condurango 6C.
61. Frenkel M, et al. Cytotoxic Effects of Ultra-Diluted Remedies on Breast Cancer Cells. Int J
Oncol, 2010, 36, 2, 395-403. This was an in-vitro study carried out by a joint US and Indian team todetermine if homeopathically prepared materials prescribed by a clinic in India have any effect on breast
cancer cell lines. The research team studied 4 medicines- Carcinosin 30C, Phytolacca 200C, Conium
3C and Thuja 30C, against two human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) anda cell line derived from immortalized normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMLE). The medicines
exerted preferential cytotoxic effects against the two breast cancer cell lines, causing cell cycle
delay/arrest and apoptosis. These effects were accompanied by altered expression of the cell cycle
regulatory proteins, including down-regulation of phosphorylated Rb and up-regulation of the CDK
inhibitor p27, which were likely to be responsible for the cell cycle delay/arrest as well as induction of theapoptotic cascade that manifested in the activation of caspase 7 and cleavage of PARP in the treatedcells.
Robert Medhurst is an Australian naturopath specialising in homeopathy and is the author of
The Concordant Clinical Homeopathic Repertory, the ultimate guide to clinical prescribing inhomeopathy. For more on this, see www.adelaidehillsnaturopath.com.au.