OUTCOMES OF THE REGIONAL EST FORUMS IN ASIA ~MOVING FROM AICHI TO POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT ERA

Public Symposium on Environmentally Sustainable Transport (EST) in
Asia(19 March 2015, Lecture Hall, Graduate School of Environmental Studies Building, Nagoya University)

Choudhury Rudra Charan Mohanty
Environment Programme Coordinator, UNCRDASIAN EST INITIATIVE▪ To create a new paradigm in the transport sector in Asia towards low carbon
and sustainable transport (integrating social equity, economic prosperity, andenvironmental conservation) UNCRD has been promoting the Asian EST
Initiative since 2004
▪ To build a common understanding across Asia
on essential elements of EST and to create apolitical consensus on the need for an integrated
approach to deal with multi/cross-sectoral
environment, health and transport issues,
including climate change, through interagency
coordination (MoE, MoT, MoUD, MoH, etc.)
Major components:- High level Regional EST Forum in Asia
- Regional/national EST training programs- Technical assistance for national EST strategies- Asian Mayors’ Policy Dialogue on EST- Rio+20 Voluntary Commitments(24 EST Member Countries –ASEAN, South Asia, East Asia,
and Russian Federation)

Environmentally
Sustainable
Transport
Aichi
Statement

ASIAN EST INITIATIVE
Kyoto Declaration(endorsed first by 22,
now 47 Asian Mayors
with addendum 2014)

EST 2
2006

Mayors
2007

EST 3
2008

EST 4
2009

Bangkok 2020 Declaration(20 goals)
Bali Declaration on
Vision Three Zeros(Zero Congestion,
Zero Pollution, Zero
Accidents)

8 South Asian
countries join
EST(defining core EST areas)

EST 1
2005

Seoul Statement(climate change)

EST 5
2010

EST 6
2011

EST 7
2013

Colombo Declaration for
Next Generation Lowcarbon Transport Solutionsin Asia

Post-2015
Sustainable
Development
Agenda/SDGs

EST 8& Mayors
2014
24 EST Member Countries

Awareness Raising on Sustainability Transport in Asia
Formulation of National EST Strategies (Philippines, Viet Nam, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Indonesia, Nepal)

Avoid trips
Shift to most efficientmode
Improve efficiency

Development Banks start shifting funding to Sustainable Transport
Promotion of Green Freigh in Asia/Green Freight Agreement in Asia
Greater focus on sustainable transport, low carbon solutions for livable society in Asia in linewith Rio+20 outcome – The Future We Want, SG’s Climate Summit (2014), Post-2015 Development
Goals/SDGs.

Aichi Statement (2005) -> Integrated EST Strategy
Integrated EST strategies – result not only in the improvement of
human health through reduction of urban air pollution, but also the
reduction of GHG emissions, deaths and injuries from road accidents,
harmful noise levels, and traffic congestion(Aichi Statement, 2005)

Avoid – avoid or
reduce travel or theneed to travel
Shift – shift to moreenvironmentallyfriendly modes
Improve – improvethe energy efficiencyof transport modes
and vehicle technology(Source: GTZ, 2007)

Shared issues ~ Urbanization Trends & Implications
1)

Can the current level of urban infrastructure meet various demands ~ safe
drinking water, energy, housing, healthcare, employment and transport, etc.?
2) Is the current level or provision of urban transport infrastructure and services
able to cope up with the level of urbanization? Or there is a huge infrastructure
deficit in most Asian cities at current level of urbanization ?

2030 No. of Mega Cities-41
2014 No. of Mega Cities-28<16 are in Asia>

home to 453 million people or about 12 percent of the world’s urban
dwellers

1990 No. of Mega Cities-10 <5 are in Asia>

that time

153 million people or slightly less than 7% of the global urban population at1970 No. of Mega Cities-3 <2 are in Asia>
Tokyo and Osaka in Japan

Source-World Urbanization Prospects, UN DESA 2014 (http://esa.un.org); at http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/index.htm.

Shared issues
Car Ownership Projection by Region

ETP Vehicle Ownership Projections
Total Car Stocks by Region

ETP-Energy Technology Perspectives 2008, IEA
Photograph: AFP/Getty Images
Source: http://www.livefrombeijing.com/wp-content/uploads/images/IEA-vehicleownership.jpg

What leads to a car oriented society where as many countries areproud to be public transport and bicycle oriented society?

Shared issues
Asia’s transport sector emissions are a significant contributor to the global greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions that leads to climate change and global warming. If present trend persist, by 2035 thetransport sector will become the single largest GHG emitter accounting for 46% of global
emission, and by 2050 that will reach up to 80% (ADB, 2012).
By 2030, the share of Asia in
total worldwide transport–sector
related CO2 emissions will
increase to 31%.

1) What are the climate
implications of Asia’s emerging
transport trends anddevelopment?
2) What are the long term climatic
impacts on Asia’s transport
infrastructure?
3) How far Asia’s climate andtransport policies are integrated
for low carbon development?
4) Is climate and disaster
resiliency an integral part ofAsia’s transport policy, planningand development, including
infrastructure development?
5) How can we build resilient
cities in post-2015 development
era?

Shared issues
Increase Transport Demand
Total oil consumption from 2001 to 2012 by sectors (Mtoe)

Comparison: Global Energy Consumption on 1971 and2014

Source: IAEA 2013 and 2014

Shared issues
CO2 emission by fuelCO2 emission by region

Source: IAEA 2013 and 2014

Shared issues: resiliency has not been integral part of transport
policy, planning, and development in Asiarise in frequency and magnitude of natural
disasters (flood, earthquake, cyclones, landslides,
etc.)climate resiliency is not yet a major element in
the current transport policy, planning, andurban/transport infrastructure and services
development resulting in unprecedented
damages to both human life and economy during
such extreme events;
 in the current state, urban/transport
infrastructures in Asia are vulnerable to effects
of climate change, and these vulnerabilities areyet be addressed in the design, construction, andgeometry of roads, railway tracks, and othertransport infrastructure, including the drainage
system of cities.

Shared issues

Premature deaths due to PM10 exposure

Attributable deaths(1000 people)
600

500

400

300

200

100

0

AfricaAsia & thePacific

EuropeLatin America& Carribean

North
AmericaWest Asia(Source: GEO-4, UNEP)

Shared issues
An estimated cost of Air Pollution for OECD + People’s Republic of China & India is about
USD 3.5 Trillion in terms of value of lives lost and ill health

By region, low-and middle-income countries inSouth-East Asia and Western Pacific had thelargest outdoor air pollution-related deaths of

2.6 million in 2012 (WHO, 2012),
imposing costs equivalent to 2-4% of
these countries’ GDP.

The cost of the health impact of outdoor Air pollution cost China 1.4 Trillion and India 0.5 Trillion combine is more thenall OECD countries (1.7 Trillion) in 2010 (OECD, 2014).

What does it mean in terms of human development and national productivity loss to a
country?

Cost of mortality from outdoor pollution by countries (2010)
The World Bank estimates that the cost of air pollution healthdamages is about US $1 billion a year in cities such as Bangkok
and Jakarta.

Photo: Jakarta, Indonesia

In Beijing, a recent estimate suggests that heavy haze in the month of January 2013 alone caused 23 billion RMB(3.7 billion USD) in economic losses, about 98 per cent of which were health-related costs.

Source: http://www.eco-business.com/opinion/how-cities-can-save-trillions-curb-climate-change-and-improve-public-health/Shared issues
Road Accident and Fatalities

Asian EST area

Ratio among fatalities, hospital admissions and other injuries is 1 / 7 / 52
1.3 million fatalities road accidents cause almost 80 million injuries of which 9 million requiring hospital admission 50
million (2/3) of the injuries are sustained in the Asian EST area.
(Source: WHO 2013 and Worldbank/IHME 2014)

What does it mean in terms of human development and national productivity loss to a
country? Are Asia’s roads and transport infrastructures safe and people friendly?

Shared issues: Economic cost of accidents ranges
1-2 % of GDP• Nearly 0.5 million die and up
to 15 million are injured inurban road accidents indeveloping countries eachyear.
• ASEAN 75,000 people dieeach year on roads and 4.7
million are injured.
• Economic cost of suchtragedies for developing
countries is estimated to be
between 1~2% of their GDP.

Issues in Developing Countries• Weak enforcement of Traffic Safety
Regulations• Lack of Licensing and Drivers• ASEAN  US$15.1 billion or
Education
2.2% of regional GDP,
• Poor Road Design and MaintenanceSource: ADB, WB• Inadequate Traffic Management

Shared issues
Goal of 2011-2020 Decade of Action for Road Safety
Table : Different measures to account for productivity loss
MeasureDescription

Years of life lost
(YLL)

Numbers of expected years of life lost due to premature death. Will depend on
expected lifetime and age of premature mortality. Needs to be adjusted for
retirement age in productivity analysis.

Years lived withdisability (YLD)

Years of life lived with long or short-term health loss adjusted for severity.

Disability adjusted
life years (DALY)

The sum of YLL and YLD and measures the number of years of healthy life lost.

Table : Economic cost of traffic accidents
Category

Type of costDirect economic cost

Medical and rehabilitation cost
Legal cost
Emergency services cost
Property damage cost

Indirect economic cost

Lost production capacity (gross or net)

Value of safety per se

Value of statistical life (VSL)

Source: WHO Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011–2020 and Jac et al. 2014 presented in the 8th Regional EST Forum in Asia in Colombo, Sri Lanka.

What are the root causes of the growing road accidents and fatalities in Asia? Is it a policy problem, regulation
failures, enforcement problem, infrastructure design problem, or a combination of all? How to save millions of lives?

Shared issues: for most cities NMT is a peripheral issue

NMT receives very low priority in most transport
planning and infrastructure design and development,
which is most often oriented to promote motorizedtransport rather than to support people movement ….

consequence => thousands of pedestrians and cyclists
are killed by accidents each year in developing
countries of Asia!

NMT a peripheral issue - Evident from mostly car
oriented design

Kuala Lumpur
ITDP

JakartaVientiane
Lloyd Wright

Bangkok

Lloyd WrightNMT a peripheral issue - Evident from mostly car
Asian
infrastructureoriented design

Lloyd Wright

Obstructed footbridges

Karl Fjellstrom

Lloyd WrightMotorcycles driving on footpaths

Lack of crossings

Bangkok 2020 Declaration– Sustainable Transport Goals for 2010-2020 –1.

22 participating Asian countries of the 5th Regional EST Forum in August, Bangkok,
Thailand, agreed on “the Bangkok 2020 Declaration”, which reflects a regional consensus
as well as aims to influence the decisions of governments and transport stakeholders in
the region over the next decade towards realization of safe, secure, affordable, efficient,and people- and environment-friendly transport in rapidly urbanizing Asia.

2.

22 Asian countries of the 7th Regional EST Forum in Bali successfully adopted “the Bali
Declaration on Vision Three Zeros for Next Generation Transport Systems: Zero
Congestion, Zero Pollution, and Zero Accidents (3Zs)”, reinforcing the Bangkok 2020
Declaration (2010-2020).

5th Regional EST Forum in Asia, 23-25 August 2010, Bangkok , Thailand.

7th Regional EST Forum in Asia, 23-25 April 2013, Bali, Indonesia.

Bali EST Forum, 23-25 April 2013, Indonesia => EST in the context of
Rio+20 Outcome – The Future We Want
Asian countries continue to face vast challenges in realizing safe, secure, people and environment friendly, affordable,
and climate resilient transport systems. Rapid urbanization throughout the region further compounds these challenges.
Transport infrastructure is vulnerable to extreme weather events associated with climate change as well as natural
disasters. Significant investment/financing requirement for resilient transport system. Damage caused by 2011 flooding in
Thailand amounted to US$46.5 billion, while the recovery and reconstruction costs are expected to reach at least US$50
billion according to the Government of Thailand and U.N
Investments in people and environmentally friendly transport system, including safe and dedicated walkways and bicycle
lanes, in Asia have not kept pace with the still growing needs for environmentally sustainable transport in the region.
The Forum recognized the essential contribution of EST towards realizing not just the transport related objectives fromThe Future We Want but also other key thematic and cross cutting issues including but not limited to: poverty alleviation,
sustainable cities and human settlement, energy, food security and sustainable agriculture, as well as health andeducation.
Strengthening rural-urban connectivity is key to overall economic development in the countries. At the same time
improved intercity connectivity is important to accommodate the rise in transport demand. These can help address theneed to connect effectively, farm gate to consumer, manufacturer to customer, and personal mobility needs of people.
 Connectivity is not just about land transport but also about shipping and the role of ports and ocean shipping. Regional
connectivity of inter-island shipping needs to be strengthened. Inland and coastal waterways have great potential tosupport more environmentally sustainable transport as does the greater use of rail transport with double tracking andelectrification.
Full and seamless integration of public transport modes (physical, information, network and fare integration) will be an
essential characteristic of next generation transport systems. This can be achieved by forming transit alliances between
local government organisations and the private sector at provincial or regional level.

Bali EST Forum, 23-25 April 2013, Indonesia => EST in the context of
Rio+20 Outcome – The Future We Want
Green Freight is essential for Asian countries in the 21st century to respond to high logistics costs,
disproportionate environmental social impacts from freight movement and market pressures to improve
efficiency. The Forum recommended the following core-elements to be considered as part of a possible
regional agreement, but not limited to: (a) Green Freight Programs at the national or sub‐regional level,(b) set of plans and policies for a socially inclusive green freight, (c) standard set of indicators for green
freight, and (d) regional collaboration framework on green freight.
Railways play a key role to serve urban and economic development in Asian countries, while at thesame time offering opportunities to mitigate emissions, reduce traffic congestion, enhance traffic safety,
and improve accessibility and connectivity.
Many countries have a huge infrastructure deficit at the current level of urbanization. As the urban
population doubles in the next 20 years the pressure to build infrastructure is huge. For instance, India
has estimated the finance need to be $70 billion in the next 5 years, $450 billion over the next 20 years andthe government is planning to support cities through the next round of the Jawaharlal Nehru Urban
Renewal Mission (JnNURM) investments.
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) could significantly contribute to improved safety, higher
efficiency, better service and reduced pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, thereby these can enablenext-generation Vision Three Zero transport systems. They may also play a key role in integratingtransport systems for both passenger and freight, across modes and localities.

Intelligent Freight System (IFS) & Green Freight
Explosive growth in freight••

One of every two trucks worldwide sold in Asia
Infrastructure improvement 30% faster than rest of world

Freight sector is inefficient•••

Logistics costs 15-25% of GDP in Asia (US & Europe <10%)
About 90% of trucking companies are individual drivers
Up to 40% of trucks trips are empty (US 28%, Europe 25%)

Significant improvement potential• Fuel >40% of truck operational costs• Truck tire technologies in PR China: 20 million tons CO2 per year
• Winners: truck scrappage, light-weight vehicles, telematics
Inefficient distribution
Efficient distribution
Conventional typeof warehouseplantIntelligent Freight System (IFS)Distribution
processing factory

plant

Goods disposal
storage shed

Retail store

Planning

Distribution
facility

ApprovalimportSource: Rothengatter, Punte and Kumai 2014 presented in the 8th Regional EST Forum in Asia in Colomb, Sri Lanka.

Retail storeMajor Outcomes of the 8th Regional EST Forum in Asia
Recognizing that clean air and sustainable transport are essential to a livable society in Asia, the Integrated Conference called for innovative,
smart and cost-effective solutions (policy, institution, technology, and financing) that significantly reduce air pollution and greenhouse gases
from energy, industry, transport, and area sources, and ensure a safe, equitable, environment-and-people-friendly transport system byaccelerating the shift towards more environmentally sustainable transport (EST) in Asian cities and countries.

1. Asian countries were urged to develop next generation transport policies, programmes, infrastructures in the spirit of Bali Vision Three
Zeros ~ Zero Congestion, Zero Pollution, Zero Accidents;
2. As electric mobility helps to reduce energy use, air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, e-Mobility should be considered as the next
generation solution for clean air and sustainable transport in Asia;
3. Improving access to essential utilities and services is a critical need for communities to achieve sustainability and social equity inemerging Asia.;
4. Improving road safety and injury prevention are indispensable for the national productivity and human development in the region;
5. EST member countries are increasingly becoming interested in planning and implementation of low-carbon transport solutions which isevident from the adoption of the Colombo Declaration for the Promotion of Next Generation Low Carbon Transport Solutions in Asia;
6. The 21st century Asian cities should focus on resilience, smart growth, and the ability to rise up to different types of challenge, such asproviding a healthy living environment for people, and supporting the mobility need for all citizens. In this regard, policy makers have tolook for integrated solutions that would result in the greatest co-benefits (social, economic, and environment);
7. Asian Mayors and local authorities adopted the “Addendum to Kyoto Declaration for the Promotion of Environmentally Sustainable
Transport ~ Towards Realizing Resilient, Smart and Liveable Cities in Asia,” which is highly relevant in post-2015 development context;
8. Asian countries need to invest in a low carbon transport system that integrates walking, cycling and public transport, which is necessary
for sustainable development in Asia;
9. Intelligent Freight Systems (IFS) are crucial for a modern economy. There is significant potential for improvement in productivity, energy
efficiency and GHG reduction through IFS in Asia;
10. Increased global rail investments and mode shift to passenger and freight rail are essential to meeting a two-degree Celsius climatechange scenario (2DS), and Asian countries have a great opportunity to play a central role in this task. The expansion of rail transport is a
key element in strengthening regional connectivity in the EST region as part of building stronger economic integration and resilient
community.

21 Asian Countries adopted Colombo Declaration for the Promotion of
Next Generation Low-carbon Transport Solutions in Asia

Support efforts made by
UN Secretary-General on
Transport and outcome of
UN Climate Summit 2014

Call for greater use of mechanism
under UNFCCC(CDM, CTCN, GEF, GEF, NAMA)

Support transport-related
commitments made at UN Climate
Summit 2014 –• Mobility
• TOD
• NMT
• Maritime transport• Public transport• Fuel economy• Green freightCall upon development
partners for support fortechnical assistanceincluding capacity building,financial support to implement
commitments made at UN Climate
Summit 2014

Call for south-south cooperation
on Low-carbon transport solutions,transport safety

Acknowledge positive role ofRegional EST Forum in Asia
for facilitating dialogue among
Asian countries and development
partners towards Low-carbon
development path

Contribute towards
 Next Generation Low-carbon Transport Solutions
 Smart, safe, resilient, inclusive, livable society Post-2015 Development Agenda/Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Together with Bangkok 2020 Declaration (adopted in 2010, at the Fifth Forum), Bali Declaration on Vision Three Zeros (adopted in 2013, at the Seventh Forum), theColombo Declaration presents a complete and contemporary framework for Asian countries to develop their next generation transport policies, programmes,
infrastructures, research and development (R&D) programmes, vehicle technologies, alternative fuels, green freight and logistics, mass transit options and railways towards
smart, resilient, inclusive, low-carbon and resource efficient societies relevant in the context of post-2015 development agenda and sustainable development goals (SDGs)

Fuel Economy and Environmental Performance: Comparison ofConventional Gasoline and Electric Vehicles
Electric Vehicle Save Fuel costin 5 years period

Gasoline Vehicle Save Fuel costin 5 years period
Shift from Gasoline
Vehicle to Electric
VehicleSource:http://www.zmescience.com/

Save Fuel, Fuel
Cost andEnvironment

Source: Wahnschafft and Walter (2014) presented in the 8th Regional EST Forum in Asia in Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Accessibility and Development
Change inmaintenancecost

Change inproductivity

Vehicleload
capacity

Change infuel cost

Seasonality
delay

DirectEffects

Change intravel time

Deliverydelay

Change in
employment

Transport
servicesupplyChange inproduction system

Change ininvestment

Competition

Indirect
Effects

Market area

Direct and Indirect Effects in the Form of Improved
Accessibility
Road Safety: Vulnerable road users sustain a vast majority of the
For Urban Poor-Main Issue

fatalities in Asian Pacific countries
Percentage Distribution of Road Traffic Deaths by Type of Road User

Country/Mode
ThailandCyclist3

2/3-Wheeler
73.5

Other
2.5

Malaysia

2.8

58.7

3.4

Lao PDR

1.3

74.4

3.4

Indonesia
Cambodia
Bangladesh

1.7

35.7

35.4

5
4

12
11

3
2

0

38.6

4.4

4.6

32.4

38.7

Pakistan
India

Impacts of the Road Project
Both vehicle operating costs and travel time decreased considerably
Fuel consumption declined, on average, by 35%
Maintenance costs reduced by 44%
Travel time reduced by 40%
Delays almost disappeared
The road became passable throughout the year
Uncompetitive production system of a fishing oligopoly collapsed
Fishing sector-related groups increased income considerably

Source: UNESCAP, 2014 and presented in the 8th Regional EST Forum in Asia in Colombo, Sri Lanka.

The higher sustainability of rail

MtCO2

Urban road-related transport is responsible for the majority of CO2 and NOx emissions.
Particulate matter, whose main source is road vehicles, leads to diseases and high rates ofmortality.
The modal shift to urban rail can drastically reduce these impacts.

ADB and World Bank investment in transport, 2007-2012

Total CO2 emissions from transport in Asia have increased
almost four fold from 1990 to 2011. In the same timeframe,emissions from railways have been halved, dropping fromnearly 16% of total transport emissions to about 6%, mainly
due to better energy efficiency, substantial reduction of steam
traction and more use of electrical traction systems.

Source: UIC, 2014 presented in the 8th Regional EST Forum in Asia in Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Shift Transport Funding to Non-OECD Countries
Now 60% of global annual transport infrastructure investment
is directed to OECD countries, and 40% of investment isdirected to non-OECD countries.
Per IEA, in order to meet a 2DS or 4DS scenario, it is necessarythat 60% of investment be directed to non-OECD countries and
40% to OECD countries
Funding for needed investments in non-OECD countries must
increase 50% from current levels, and it is unlikely that the
public sector is in a position to increase funding by this amount.

Source: Compilation from Cornie Huizenga, 2014 presented in the 8th Regional EST Forum in Asia in Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Rio+20 Outcome – The Future We WantSustainable Transport (para. 132-133)
Among others, the Heads of State and Governments:•

note that transportation and mobility are central to sustainabledevelopment. Sustainable transportation canenhance economic growth and improve accessibility. Sustainable transport achieves better integration of theeconomy while respecting the environment.

•

recognize the importance of the efficient movement of people and goods, and access to environmentally sound,safe and affordable transportation as a means to improve social equity, health, resilience of cities, urban-rural
linkages and productivity of rural areas. In this regard, we take into account road safety as part of our efforts toachieve sustainable development.

•

support the development of sustainable transport systems, including energy efficient multi-modal transportsystems, notably public mass transportation systems, clean fuels and vehicles, as well as improved
transportation systems in rural areas.

•

recognize the need to promote an integrated approach to policymaking at the national, regional and local levels
for transport services and systems to promote sustainable development.

•

recognize that the special development needs of landlocked and transit developing countries need to be taken
into account while establishing sustainable transit transport systems.

•

acknowledge the need for international support to developing countries in this regard.

UN SG’s Climate
Summit – 23 Sep 2014•

Transport contributed 25% of energy-related global GHG emissions and about 20% of energy use in 2009, under a‘Business as Usual’ scenario, transport energy use and GHG emissions are projected to rise by nearly 50% by 2030 andby more than 80% by 2050 (from 2009).

•

The International Energy Agency estimates that a shift to sustainable, low-carbon transport by the middle of the
century could save governments, companies and individuals up to US$70 trillion.

•

Action Areas of UN SG’s Climate Summit 2014 – Agriculture, Cities, Energy, Financing, Forests, Industry, Resilience,
Transportation•

The proposed actions on transport (outlined in the Joint Statement by Governments, transport companies andassociations, other private sector players and civil society organizations) to scale up public transport and make it the
number one choice for travel, greater use of more efficient rail and public transport and an accelerated introductionof urban electric transport will reduce the carbon footprint of at least 50% of all the passenger and freight trips
made by 2025. These actions are expected to leverage wider action on low carbon transport, both within the scopeof the UN 2014 Climate Summit and outside,–––

urban electric mobility, railways and public transport under the Transport Action Area;
the fuel economy commitment under the Energy Action Area
Green Freight Commitment under the Industry Action Area

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) ~ Proposal of OWG
Goal 1 End poverty in all its forms everywhere
Goal 2 End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
Goal 3 Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
Goal 4 Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
Goal 5 Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
Goal 6 Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
Goal 7 Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
Goal 8 Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent
work for all
Goal 9 Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
Goal 10 Reduce inequality within and among countries
Goal 11 Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Goal 12 Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
Goal 13 Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts*
Goal 14 Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
Goal 15 Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat
desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
Goal 16 Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all andbuild effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
Goal 17 Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development

Source: (United Nations, 2014)

Post 2015 Development Agenda / SGDs
PROPOSED SDGs IN THE OWG FINAL REPORT (19 JULY 2014) – direct and indirect relevance to transport sector•Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture•Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
•Goal 7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all•Goal 9: Built resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation•Goal 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Target 11.2 by 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public
transport, with special attention to the needs of those invulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons
Target 11.6 by 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality, municipal and other waste
management
Target 11.7 by 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, particularly for women and children, older persons andpersons with disabilities
Target 11.a support economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-urban and rural areas into by strengthening national and regional development
planning•Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns•Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts

Six essential elements for delivering the SDGs

Source: (United Nations, 2014)

Areas that Asian EST Initiative Aims to Influence in Post-2015/SDGs
Towards achieving safe, smart, resilient, inclusive, livable, low carbon and resource efficient society • Institutional reform in realizing next generation sustainable transport systems• Pricing reform and innovative financing for next generation sustainable transport solutions• Integrating climate change considerations and resiliency in overall transport policy, planning andinfrastructure design/development => 2DS• Improving transport technologies and systems and scaling up their applications => ITS, IFS, clean fuel, eMobility, vehicle technology• Promoting dedicated walking and bicycle facilities as an integral part of the transport planning anddevelopment for safety and social equity• Integrated transport and clean air solutions as opposed to compartmentalized action• Regional connectivity (intra-region/rural-urban linkage) for sustainable development;• Greening the freight and logistics sector / promotion of intelligent freight system;• Improved accessibility to essential utilities and services;•; Expansion of e-Mobility and railways as next generation solutions;• Smart growth, transit oriented developments (TODs), low carbon transport solutions and development path
• Strong leadership, international collaborative research and new innovative partnerships

Asian EST Initiative

A joint initiative of UNCR D and M oE-Japan