英語（リーディング）各大問の英文や図表を読み，解答番号

１

〜

４９

にあてはまるものとして最も適当な選択肢を選びなさい。

第１問 （配点 １０）
Ａ

You are waiting in line for a walking tour of a castle and are asked to test a
new device. You receive the following instructions from the staff.
Audio Guide Testingfor the Westville Castle Walking Tour

Thank you for helping us test our new audio guide. We hope you will enjoy
your experience here at Westville Castle.

How to use
When you put the device on your ear, it will turn on. As you walk around thecastle, detailed explanations will automatically play as you enter each room. If
you want to pause an explanation, tap the button on the earpiece once. The
device is programmed to answer questions about the rooms. If you want to
ask a question, tap the button twice and whisper. The microphone will pick up
your voice and you will hear the answer.

Before you leave
Drop the device off at the collection
desk to the left of the exit, then fillin a brief questionnaire, and hand it

buttonto the staff.
microphone

In return, you will

receive a discount coupon to use at
the castle’s souvenir shop.

― ４ ―（２７１０―４）

問 １ The device is most likely to be able to answer questions about the１.

!

interiors of the castle"

length of the walking tour#

mechanism of the device$

prices at the souvenir shop

問 ２ To get the coupon, you must

２

.

!

ask the staff a question about the device"

give some feedback about the device#

leave through the exit on the left$

submit your completed audio guide test

― ５ ―（２７１０―５）

ＢYour English teacher has given you a flyer for an international short film
festival in your city. You want to attend the festival.

Star International Short Film Festival ２０２３
February １０（Fri.）-１２（Sun.）We are pleased to present a total of ５０ short films to celebrate the first decadeof the festival. Below are the four films that were nominated for the Grand
Prize. Enjoy a special talk by the film’s director following the first screening ofeach finalist film.
Grand Prize Finalist Films

My Pet Pigs, USA（２７ min.）

Chase to the Tower, France（２８ min.）This drama tells a heart-warming

A police chase ends with thrillingstory about a family and their pets.

action at the Eiffel Tower.
! !

! !

Fri. ７p.m. and Sat. ２p.m.

Fri. ５p.m. and Sun. ７p.m.
At Cinema Paradise, Screen １

At Cinema Paradise, Screen ２Gold Medal Girl, China（２５ min.）Inside the Cave, Iran（１８ min.）This documentary highlights the life

A group of hikers has a scaryof an amazing athlete.

adventure in this horror film.

At Movie House, Main Screen

! !

! !

Sat. and Sun. ３p.m.

Fri. ３p.m. and Sat. ８p.m.
At Movie House, Screen １― ６ ―（２７１０―６）%Festival Passes

Festival Passes are available from eachtheater. The theaters will also sell single

Type

Price（yen）

３-day

４，
０００

２-day

３，
０００

the special reception in the lobby of Cinema

１-day

２，
０００

Paradise on February １２（Sun.）at ８ p.m.

tickets for ５００ yen before each screening.
%

Festival Pass holders are invited to attend

For the complete schedule of the short films showing during the festival,
please visit our website.

問 １ If you are free on Sunday evening, which finalist film can you see?
３!

Chase to the Tower"

Gold Medal Girl#

Inside the Cave$

My Pet Pigs

問 ２ What will happen at Cinema Paradise on the last night of the festival?
４!

An event to celebrate the festival will take place.

"

Nominations will be made for the Grand Prize.

#

One of the directors will talk about Chase to the Tower.

$

The movie My Pet Pigs will be screened.

問 ３ What is true about the short film festival?

５!

Four talks by film directors will be held.

"

Passes can be bought through the website.

#

Reservations are necessary for single tickets.

$

The finalist films can be seen on the same day.
― ７ ―（２７１０―７）

問 １ Which question did Paul probably ask his friends?

!

Do you carry a wallet?

"

Do you use electronic money?

#

What do you keep in your wallet?

$

What do you think about these wallets?

６

問 ２ A fact about a slim wallet mentioned by one of Paul’s friends is that it
７.

!

can hold half a dozen cards"

can slip out of a pocket easily#

is ideal for walkers$

is lighter than ８０g

問 ３ One response shows that one of Paul’s friends

８!

finds slim wallets cool but doesn’t want to use one"

prefers the capacity of a regular wallet#

thinks slim wallets will be less popular in the future$uses a slim wallet with another wallet for coins.

問 ４ According to Paul’s friend, using the wallet with electronic money makes it
easier to

９.

!

carry safely"

receive benefits#

record receipts$

use at any shop
― ９ ―（２７１０―９）

問 ５ Paul wants to find out more about

１０

.

!

different types of electronic money"

students’ reasons for using cash#

the benefits of slim wallets for young people$

the differences between small and large wallets― １０ ―（２７１０―１０）

Ｂ

You are reading the following article as you are interested in studying
overseas.

Summer in Britain
Chiaki Suzuki
November ２０２２This year, I spent two weeks studying English. I chose to stay in a beautiful
city, called Punton, and had a wonderful time there. There were many things
to do, which was exciting. I was never bored. It can get expensive, but I liked
getting student discounts when I showed my student card.
window-shopping and using the local library.

Also, I liked

I ate a variety of food fromaround the world, too, as there were many people from different cultural
backgrounds living there. Most of the friends I made were from my English
school, so I did not practice speaking English with the locals as much as I had
expected.

On the other hand, I came to have friends from many different

countries. Lastly, I took public transport, which I found convenient and easy
to use as it came frequently.
If I had stayed in the countryside, however, I would have seen a different
side of life in Britain.

My friend who stayed there had a lovely, relaxing

experience. She said farmers sell their produce directly. Also, there are local
theatres, bands, art and craft shows, restaurants, and some unusual activities
like stream-jumping. However, getting around is not as easy, so it’s harder tokeep busy. You need to walk some distance to catch buses or trains, which do
not come as often. In fact, she had to keep a copy of the timetables. If I had
been in the countryside, I probably would have walked around and chatted withthe local people.
I had a rich cultural experience and I want to go back to Britain. However,next time I want to connect more with British people and eat more traditional
British food.
― １２ ―（２７１０―１２）

問 １ According to the article, Chiaki

１１

.

!

ate food from different countries"

improved her English as she had hoped#

kept notes on cultural experiences$

worked in a local shop

問 ２ With her student ID, Chiaki was able to!

enter the local library"

get reduced prices#

join a local student band$

use public transport for free

問 ３ Chiaki thinks

１３

１２

.

in Punton.

!

it is easy to experience various cultures"

it is easy to make friends with the local people#

there are many restaurants serving British food$there are many unusual local events

問 ４ One fact Chiaki heard about staying in the countryside is that!

local people carry the bus timetable"people buy food from farms#

the cost of entertainment is high$there are fewer interesting things to do

問 ５ Which best describes Chiaki’s impression of her time in Britain?
!

Her interest in craft shows grew.

"

She enjoyed making lots of local friends.

#

She found the countryside beautiful.

$Some of her experiences were unexpected.
― １３ ―

１４.

１５（２７１０―１３）

第３問 （配点 １５）Ａ

The exchange student in your school is a koi keeper. You are reading anarticle he wrote for a magazine called Young Fish-Keepers.

My First Fish
Tom Pescatore
I joined the Newmans Koi Club when I was １３, and as part of my club’s
tradition, the president went with me to buy my first fish. I used money I
received for my birthday and purchased a １５ cm baby ghost koi. She now lives
with other members’ fish in the clubhouse tank.

I love my fish, and still read everything I can about ghosts. Although not wellknown in Japan, they became widely owned by UK koi keepers in the １９８０s.
Ghosts are a hybrid type of fish. My ghost’s father was a Japanese ogon koi,
and her mother was a wild mirror carp. Ghosts grow quickly, and she was
８５ cm and １２ kg within a couple of years. Ghosts are less likely to get sickand they can survive for more than ４０ years. Mine is now a gorgeous, fouryear-old, mature, platinum ghost koi.

ogon koi

my ghost

mirror carp
pectoral fin― １４ ―（２７１０―１４）

Ghosts are not considered as valuable as their famous “pure-bred” Japanesecousins, so usually don’t cost much. This makes them affordable for a １３ year
old with birthday present money. The most striking parts of my ghost are her
metallic head and flashy pectoral fins that sparkle in the sunlight.

As thename “ghost koi” suggests, these fish can fade in and out of sight whileswimming. They are super-cool fish, so why not start with a ghost?

問 １ From the article, you know that Tom’s fish is not

!

adult

"

cheap

#

pure-bred

$

tough

問 ２ The species was named “ghost koi” because!

their appearance is very frightening"

their shadowy fins flash when they swim#

they can live secretly for a long time$they seem to mysteriously vanish in water― １５ ―

１７

１６

.

.

（２７１０―１５）

ＢYou have entered an English speech contest and you are reading an essay to
improve your presentation skills.

Gaining Courage
Rick Halston

In my last semester in college, I received an award for my final researchpresentation. I wasn’t always good at speaking in front of people; in fact, oneof my biggest fears was of making speeches. Since my primary school days,
my shy personality had never been ideal for public speaking. From my firstday of college, I especially feared giving the monthly class presentations. I
would practise for hours on end. That helped somewhat, but I still soundednervous or confused.

A significant change came before my most important presentation when I
watched a music video from my favourite singer’s newly released album.
noticed it sounded completely different from her previous work.

I

She hadswitched from soft-rock to classical jazz, and her style of clothes had alsochanged. I thought she was taking a huge professional risk, but she displayedsuch confidence with her new style that I was inspired. I would change mysound and my look, too. I worked tirelessly to make my voice both bolder andcalmer. I wore a suit jacket over my shirt, and with each practice, I felt my
confidence grow.

When I started my final presentation, naturally, I was nervous, but gradually asense of calm flowed through me.

I was able to speak withclarity and answer the follow-up questions without tripping over
my words. At that moment, I actually felt confident. Right then,I understood that we can either allow anxiety to control us or find
new ways to overcome it. There is no single clear way to become
a confident presenter, but thanks to that singer I realised that weneed to uncover and develop our own courage.
― １６ ―（２７１０―１６）

問 １ Put the following events（!〜$）into the order in which they happened.
１８

→

１９

→

２０

→

２１

!

He felt nervous at the start of his final presentation.

"

He made short presentations on a regular basis.

#

He was given a prize for his presentation.

$

He was motivated to take a risk and act more confidently.

問 ２ Rick was moved by his favourite singer and!

accepted his own shy personality"

decided to go to her next concert#

found new ways of going to class$learnt from her dramatic changes

問 ３ From the essay, you learnt that Rick!

began to deal with his anxiety"

decided to change professions#

improved his questioning skills$

uncovered his talent for singing― １７ ―

２３

２２

.

.

（２７１０―１７）

第４問 （配点 １６）
You and two friends have rented a section of a community garden for the firsttime. Your friends have written emails about their ideas for growing vegetables＿↔

in the garden. Based on their ideas, you reply to finalize the garden plans.
×March ２３, ２０２３
Our Garden Plan
Hi! Daniel here! I scanned this great planting chart in a gardening book I got
from the library. The black circles show when to plant seeds directly into thesoil.

The black squares show when to plant seedlings, which are like baby

plants. The stars show when to harvest a vegetable.
Planting Schedule
Mar.

Apr.

May

● ● ●

beans
cabbages● ●carrots● ●tomatoes

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

☆ ☆
☆ ☆

■ ■

☆ ☆ ☆

☆ ☆
☆ ☆ ☆

onionspotatoes

June

● ●

● ●

☆ ☆
● ■ ■

●

☆ ☆

☆ ☆ ☆

It’s already late March, so I think we should plant the potatoes now. We canharvest them in June, and then plant them again in August. Also, I’d like toplant the carrots at the same time as the potatoes, and the cabbages the next
month. After harvesting them in July, we can put in cabbage seedlings at thesame time as we plant the onions. We won’t be able to eat our onions until next
year! I have bought tomato seedlings and would like to give them more time togrow before planting them. Let’s plant the beans toward the end of April, andthe tomatoes the following month.
Let’s discuss the garden layout. We will have a ６ × ６ meter area and it can bedivided into two halves, north and south. Beans, cabbages, and tomatoes growabove the ground so let’s grow them together. How about in the southern part?
We can grow the carrots, potatoes, and onions together because they all growunderground. They will go in the northern part.
― １８ ―（２７１０―１８）

↔

＿

×

March ２４, ２０２３
Re: Our Garden PlanThanks, Daniel!

Rachel here. Your schedule is great, but I’d like to make some changes to yourgarden layout. We have six vegetables, so why don’t we divide the garden into
six sections?

We have to be careful about which vegetables we plant next to one another. I
did a little research in a gardening book about the vegetables we’ll grow. Someof our vegetables grow well together and they are called “friends.” Others don’t
and they are “enemies.” Our layout must consider this.

First, the tomatoes should go in the southern part of the garden. Tomatoes andcabbages are enemies and should be separated. Let’s plant the cabbages in thesouthwest corner. The onions can be put in the middle because they are friendsof both tomatoes and cabbages.

Next, let’s think about the northern part of the garden. Let’s put the beans in
the western corner because beans and cabbages are friends. Carrots are friends
with tomatoes so planting them in the eastern corner would be better. Potatoes
can go in the middle. They are friends with beans and neutral with onions.

Well, what do you think of the layout?

― １９ ―（２７１０―１９）

↔

＿

×

March ２５, ２０２３
Re: Re: Our Garden PlanHi!
It’s me! Thanks for your excellent ideas! Below is the planting schedule Danielsuggested two days ago. First, we need to buy

２４kinds of seeds soon so

we can plant them over the next two months!
２５
Mar.
―［Ａ］

Early Apr. Late Apr.
―［Ｂ］

―［Ｃ］

May
―［Ｄ］

Aug.

Sept.

―potatoes―onions―potatoes―cabbages

I made this garden layout using Rachel’s idea.
２６North［Ⅰ］［Ⅱ］［Ⅲ］
West

East
［Ⅳ］［Ⅴ］［Ⅵ］South

It is similar to Daniel’s. The vegetables in the northern and southern halves arealmost the same. Only the２７

are in different areas.

Rachel did a good job of considering friends and enemies. For our reference, I
have made a chart.
２８

We have not yet discussed

２９, but I think we should.
― ２０ ―（２７１０―２０）

問 １ Choose the best option for
!

%

"

&

#

'

$

(

２４

.

問 ２ Complete the planting schedule in your email. Choose the best option for
２５

.

［Ａ］

［Ｂ］

［Ｃ］

［Ｄ］

!

cabbagescarrotsbeans

tomatoes"cabbagescarrots

tomatoesbeans#carrots

cabbagesbeans

tomatoes$carrots

tomatoescabbagesbeans

問 ３ Complete the garden layout information in your email.

Choose the best option for

２６

.

［Ⅰ］

［Ⅱ］

［Ⅲ］

［Ⅳ］

［Ⅴ］

［Ⅵ］

!

beans

onionstomatoescabbages

potatoescarrots"

beans

potatoescarrots

cabbagesonionstomatoes#cabbagesonionscarrots

beans

potatoestomatoes$cabbages

potatoestomatoesbeans

onionscarrots

Choose the best option for!

beans and onions"

cabbages and potatoes#

carrots and tomatoes$

onions and potatoes

２７.

― ２１ ―（２７１０―２１）

問 ４ Which chart should appear in（：friends,

２８?

：enemies）

Ǐǐ

onionspotatoesbeans

onionspotatoesbeanscarrots

tomatoescabbagescarrots

tomatoescabbagesǑǒonionspotatoesbeans

onionspotatoesbeanscarrots

tomatoescabbagescarrots

tomatoescabbages― ２２ ―（２７１０―２２）

問 ５ Choose the best option for

２９

.

!

the difference between seeds and seedlings"

the responsibilities of caring for the garden#

the timing for collecting the crops$

vegetables that should be planted together― ２３ ―（２７１０―２３）

第５問 （配点 １５）Your English teacher has told everyone in your class to choose a short story inEnglish to read. You will introduce the following story to your classmates, using
a worksheet.

Becoming an Artist
Lucy smiled in anticipation. In a moment she would walk onto the stage
and receive her prize from the mayor and the judges of the drawing contest.
The microphone screeched and then came the mayor’s announcement. “Andthe winner of the drawing contest is... Robert McGinnis! Congratulations!”
Lucy stood up, still smiling.

Then, her face blazing red withembarrassment, abruptly sat down again. What? There must be a mistake!
But the boy named Robert McGinnis was already on the stage, shaking handswith the mayor and accepting the prize. She glanced at her parents, her eyes
filled with tears of disappointment.

They had expected her to do well,especially her father. “Oh Daddy, I’m sorry I didn’t win,” she whispered.
Lucy had enjoyed drawing since she was a little girl.

She did her firstdrawing of her father when she was in kindergarten. Although it was only achild’s drawing, it really looked like him. He was delighted, and, from thatday, Lucy spent many happy hours drawing pictures to give to Mommy andDaddy.
As she got older, her parents continued to encourage her. Her mother, abusy translator, was happy that her daughter was doing something creative.
Her father bought her art books. He was no artist himself, but sometimes
gave her advice, suggesting that she look very carefully at what she wasdrawing and copy as accurately as possible.

Lucy tried hard, wanting to

improve her technique and please her father.
It had been Lucy’s idea to enter the town drawing contest. She thoughtthat if she won, her artistic ability would be recognized. She practiced every― ２４ ―（２７１０―２４）

evening after school. She also spent all her weekends working quietly on her
drawings, copying her subjects as carefully as she could.
Her failure to do well came as a great shock. She had worked so hard andher parents had been so supportive. Her father, however, was puzzled. Why
did Lucy apologize at the end of the contest? There was no need to do so.
Later, Lucy asked him why she had failed to win the competition.
answered sympathetically, “To me, your drawing was perfect.”

He

Then hesmiled, and added, “But perhaps you should talk to your mother.

Sheunderstands art better than I do.”Her mother was thoughtful.

She wanted to give Lucy advice without

damaging her daughter’s self-esteem. “Your drawing was good,” she told her,“but I think it lacked something. I think you only drew what you could see.
When I translate a novel, I need to capture not only the meaning, but also thespirit of the original. To do that, I need to consider the meaning behind thewords. Perhaps drawing is the same; you need to look under the surface.”
Lucy continued to draw, but her art left her feeling unsatisfied.

She

couldn’t understand what her mother meant. What was wrong with drawing
what she could see? What else could she do?
Around this time, Lucy became friends with a girl called Cathy.

They

became close friends and Lucy grew to appreciate her for her kindness andhumorous personality.

Cathy often made Lucy laugh, telling jokes, saying

ridiculous things, and making funny faces. One afternoon, Cathy had such afunny expression on her face that Lucy felt she had to draw it. “Hold thatpose!”

she told Cathy, laughing.

She drew quickly, enjoying her friend’s

expression so much that she didn’t really think about what she was doing.
When Lucy entered art college three years later, she still had that sketch.
It had caught Cathy exactly, not only her odd expression but also her friend’s
kindness and her sense of humor ― the things that are found under thesurface.
― ２５ ―（２７１０―２５）

Your worksheet:
1. Story title“Becoming an Artist”
2. People in the story
Lucy: She loves to draw.
Lucy’s father: He.

30

Lucy’s mother: She is a translator and supports Lucy.
Cathy: She becomes Lucy’s close friend.
3. What the story is about
Lucy’s growth as an artist:
31
32
33
34
Her drawing improves thanks to

35

and

36

.

4. My favorite part of the story
When the result of the contest is announced, Lucy says, “Oh Daddy,
I’m sorry I didn’t win.”This shows that Lucy37.

5. Why I chose this story
Because I want to be a voice actor and this story taught me theimportance of trying to38

to make the characters I play seem

more real.

― ２６ ―（２７１０―２６）

問 １ Choose the best option for

３０

.

!

gives Lucy some drawing tips"

has Lucy make drawings of him often#

spends weekends drawing with Lucy$wants Lucy to work as an artist

問 ２ Choose four out of the five descriptions（!〜%）and rearrange them inthe order they happened.

３１

→

３２

→

３３

!

She becomes frustrated with her drawing.

"

She decides not to show anyone her drawings.

#

She draws with her feelings as well as her eyes.

$

She has fun making drawings as gifts.

%

She works hard to prove her talent at drawing.

問 ３ Choose the best two options for

３５

and

３６

→

３４

. （The order does

not matter.）!

a friend she couldn’t help sketching"a message she got from a novel#

advice she received from her mother$her attempt to make a friend laugh%spending weekends drawing indoors― ２７ ―（２７１０―２７）

問 ４ Choose the best option for

３７

.

!

didn’t practice as much as her father expected"knew her father didn’t like her entering the contest#

thought she should have followed her father’s advice$

was worried she had disappointed her father

問 ５ Choose the best option for

３８

.

!

achieve a better understanding of people"

analyze my own feelings more deeply#

describe accurately what is happening around me$use different techniques depending on the situation― ２８ ―（２７１０―２８）

第６問 （配点 ２４）
Ａ

You belong to an English discussion group. Each week, members read anarticle, create a summary, and make a challenging quiz question to share. For
the next meeting, you read the following article.

Getting to Know Aquatic Species

The mysteries of the deep blue sea have fascinated ocean-watchers formillennia. Aquatic beings, however, cannot easily get to us. What if we go tothem? Despite what you may expect, certain ocean animals will come right up
to you. Dan McSweeney, a Hawaii-based underwater research photographer,tells a fascinating story. While he was studying whales underwater, one camecharging at him. Whales are huge, so he was worried. The whale stopped,
opened its mouth, and “passed” him some tuna.

He accepted the gift.

McSweeney believes that because of the air bubbles coming from his tank, thewhale recognized him as a similar animal and offered the sashimi. Later, thewhale came back, and McSweeney returned the food.
Friendly interactions with dolphins or whales are possible, but how aboutoctopuses?

Science fiction sometimes describes aliens as looking likeoctopuses, so this animal group “cephalopods,” which means “head-feet,” maybe perceived as being distant from humans.

Yet, if you learn more about

them, you might be convinced there is the possibility of interaction. Octopuses
have long tentacles（arms/legs）extending from soft round bodies.

Besides

touch and motion, each tentacle experiences smell and taste and has sucking
disks, called suckers, that grab and manipulate things.

Their eyes, like two

independent cameras, can move ８０°and focus on two different things at once.
UC Berkeley researcher, Alexander Stubbs, confirms that while octopusessense light and color differently from humans, they do recognize color― ３０ ―（２７１０―３０）changes.

These features might indicate that they are intelligent enough tointeract with us. In fact, an article in Everyday Mysteries begins: “Question.
Can an octopus get to know you? Answer. Yes.”
Octopuses are known to “return your gaze” when you look at them. They
may even remember you. This notion was tested by Roland C. Anderson andhis colleagues, who conducted experiments with two similar-looking people
wearing the same uniforms. The friendly person, who had fed and socializedwith them, got a completely different reaction from the cephalopods than theother person who had not.
When taken from their natural habitat, octopuses can be mischievous, sowatch out. They can push the lids off their tanks, escape, and go for a walk.
Scientists sometimes get surprise visits. A paper from the Naples Zoological
Station, written in １９５９, talks about trying to teach three octopuses to pull alever down for food. Two of them, Albert and Bertram, cooperated with theexperiment, but Charles, a clever cephalopod, refused to do so. He shot waterat the scientists and ended the experiment by breaking the equipment.
If you are interested in seeing their natural behavior and interactions,
getting into the sea and having them come to you might work better. They
may even raise a tentacle to motion you over. Around ２００７, Peter GodfreySmith, a philosophy professor teaching at Harvard University, was home on
vacation in Sydney, Australia. Exploring in the ocean, he came across a giant
cephalopod.

Godfrey-Smith was so impressed by the behavior he witnessedthat he started developing philosophy theories based on his observations.
Determined to find out what humans could learn from cephalopods, GodfreySmith let them guide him.

On one ocean trip, another cephalopod took

Godfrey-Smith’s colleague by the hand on a １０-minute tour of the octopus’s
home, “as if he were being led across the sea floor by a very small, eightlegged child!”
How can you get sea creatures to come to you if you don’t swim? The― ３１ ―（２７１０―３１）

Kahn family has solved this with “Coral World” in Eilat, Israel. The lowest
floor of the building is actually constructed in the Red Sea, creating a “human
display.” Rather than the sea-life performances at many aquariums, you findyourself in a “people tank,” where curious fish and sea creatures, swimming
freely in the ocean, come to look at you. To make a good impression, you may
want to wear nice clothes.

― ３２ ―（２７１０―３２）

Your summary:Getting to Know Aquatic Species
General information
The author mainly wants to say that39.

Human-octopus interaction
Anderson’s experiment suggests octopuses can

40.

The Naples Zoological Station experiment suggests octopuses can

41.

Godfrey-Smith’s story suggests octopuses can be friendly.
The Kahn family
Established Coral World with the idea of

42Your quiz question:
Which of the following does not represent a story or episode from thearticle?

Ａ

Ｂ

Ｃ

Ｄ

Answer― ３３ ―

43（２７１０―３３）

問 １ Choose the best option for

３９

.

!

a good place where people can interact with octopuses is the ocean"

eye contact is a key sign of friendship between different species#

interactions with sea creatures can be started by either side$people should keep sea creatures at home to make friends with them

問 ２ Choose the best options for

４０

and

４１

.

!

be a good source for creating philosophical theories"

be afraid of swimmers when they get close to their home#

be uncooperative with humans in a laboratory setting$compete with other octopuses if they have chances to get treats%recognize that someone they have met before is kind&touch, smell, taste, and sense light and color like humans

問 ３ Choose the best option for

４２

.

!

attracting more people with a unique aquarium"

creating a convenient place to swim with sea life#

raising more intelligent and cooperative octopuses$

reversing the roles of people and sea creatures

問 ４ The answer to your quiz question is

!

Ａ

"

Ｂ

#

Ｃ

$

Ｄ
― ３４ ―

４３.

（２７１０―３４）

Ｂ

You are preparing a poster for an in-school presentation on a scientificdiscovery, using the following article.

As you are reading this, you probably have a pencil in your hand. In thecenter of every pencil is something called “lead.” This dark gray material is
not actually lead（Pb）, but a different substance, graphite. Graphite has beena major area of research for many years.

It is made up of thin layers ofcarbon that can be easily separated. Indeed, it is this ease of separation thatenables the pencil to write. As the pencil rubs against the paper, thin layers ofcarbon are pulled off the pencil lead and left on the paper as lines or writing.
In ２００４, two scientists, Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, were
investigating graphite at the University of Manchester, in the UK. They were
trying to see if they could obtain a very thin slice of graphite to study. Theirgoal was to get a slice of carbon which was between １０ and １００ layers thick.
Even though their university laboratory had the latest scientific equipment,
they made their incredible breakthrough ― for what was later to become aNobel Prize-winning discovery ― with only a cheap roll of sticky tape.
In a BBC News interview, Professor Geim described their technique. He
said that the first step was to put sticky tape on a piece of graphite. Then,
when the tape is pulled off, a flake of graphite will come off on the tape.
Next, fold the tape in half, sticking the flake onto the other side of the tape.
Then pull the tape apart to split the flake. You now have two flakes, roughly
half as thick as before. Fold the tape together once more in a slightly different
position to avoid having the flakes touch each other. Pull it apart again, andyou will now have four thinner flakes than before. Repeat this procedure １０ or
２０ times, and you’re left with many very thin flakes attached to your tape.
Finally, you dissolve the tape using chemicals so everything goes into asolution.
Geim and Novoselov then looked at the solution, and were surprised to see― ３５ ―（２７１０―３５）

Your presentation poster draft:

Graphene

Basic information

４４

Graphene. . .
Ａ．is a ２D material.
Ｂ．is a separated layer of graphite.
Ｃ．is an extremely thin sheet of metal.
Ｄ．is not a naturally occurring substance.
Ｅ．looks like a sheet of wire mesh.
Ｆ．was isolated without advanced equipment.

How Geim and Novoselov separated graphite（５ steps）
Step １．Press sticky tape on graphite and remove.
Step ２．!
$
Step ３．"$
Step ４．#

４５

Step ５．Dissolve tape in a chemical solution and collect the flakes.

The properties of graphene
４６
４７

Future use
４８― ３７ ―（２７１０―３７）

問 １ You are checking your poster.

You spotted an error in the basic

information section. Which of the following should you remove?

!

Ａ

"

Ｂ

#

Ｃ

$

Ｄ

%

Ｅ

&

Ｆ

４４

問 ２ You are going to summarize the five-step process used to separate layersof graphite. Choose the best combination of steps to complete the process.
４５

Ａ．Do this process over and over again.
Ｂ．Fold tape in two again so another part of the tape touches the graphite.
Ｃ．Fold tape in two and pull it apart.
Ｄ．Place tape on the thinner flakes and press down.
Ｅ．Pull a flake of graphite off some sticky tape.

!

Ｃ→Ｂ→Ａ

"

Ｃ→Ｅ→Ｄ

#

Ｄ→Ｃ→Ｂ

$

Ｄ→Ｅ→Ａ

%

Ｅ→Ｃ→Ａ

&

Ｅ→Ｃ→Ｄ

― ３８ ―（２７１０―３８）

問 ３ From the list below, select the two which best describe graphene’s
properties. （The order does not matter.）

!

４６

・

４７

At average room temperature, it is the world’s most efficient material
for carrying electricity.

"

Gram for gram, graphene is stronger and more resistant to electricity.

#

Graphene weighs slightly more than graphite per cm２.

$

It allows almost all light to pass through its structure.

%Its six-sided honeycomb structure allows gas particles to pass from one
side to another.

問 ４ From this passage, which of the following might graphene be used for in
the future?

４８!

A material for filtering small gas molecules from large ones"

Developing light-sensitive chips#

Electricity resistant materials$

Increasing the weight and strength of batteries

問 ５ From this passage, we can infer that the writer

!

４９

.

believed that many great Nobel Prize-winning discoveries have been
made with low-cost equipment"

knew about the potential of graphene to reduce the production costs andrecharging times of rechargeable batteries#

was impressed by the fact that graphene and all its properties had lainhidden in every pencil mark until being revealed by Geim and Novoselov$ was surprised at how long it took for Geim and Novoselov to realize thepotential of using thin sheets of graphene in computer chips― ３９ ―（２７１０―３９）