ࢢ࢔࣒ᓥ໭㒊࡟ศᕸࡍࡿࣛࢵࢸᮇ㑇㊧ࡢ㞟ᡂᓥ㷂㐩ஓ㸦㸦៞᠕⩏ሿ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔 ᩥᏛ◊✲⛉㸧
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࣐ࣜ࢔ࢼㅖᓥࡢ᭱༡➃࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿࢢ࢔࣒ᓥࡢᆅ㉁ ࡣࠊᓥࡢ୰ኸ㒊ࢆᮾす࡟㉮ࡿPago-Adelup ᩿ᒙ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚༡໭࡟஧ศࡉࢀࡿ㸦ᅗ 1㸧ࠋ༡㒊ࡣጞ᪂ୡ௨㝆࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓⅆᒣ㉳※ࡢᆅ㉁࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ໭㒊ࡣ୰᪂ୡ௨㝆࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓ㝯㉳ࢧࣥࢦ♋ࡢ▼⅊ᒾྎᆅ࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿ㸦Taborosi, et al. 2004㸧ࠋྎᆅࡢᶆ㧗ࡣ໭࡟ྥ࠿࠺࡯࡝㧗ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ
Pago-Adelup ᩿ᒙ௜㏆࡛⣙ 60mࠊ᭱໭➃࡛ࡣ⣙ 180m ࢆࡿࠋࢢ࢔࣒ᓥ໭㒊࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ

ከᏍ㉁࡞▼⅊ᒾࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㝆㞵ࡀᆅୗ࡟྾཰ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡓࡵࠊᆅ⾲Ỉࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡞࠸ࠋከ
ᩘࡢἙᕝࡀⓎ㐩ࡍࡿ༡㒊ࡢⅆᒣᒾᆅᖏ࡜ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜Ỉ㈨※࡟ஈࡋ࠸⎔ቃࡔࡀࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟↓ど࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ᩘࡢඛྐ㑇㊧ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼ᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟ࡣࠊᆅୗỈ㈨※ࡢỈᩥᆅ⌮Ꮫⓗ᝟ሗࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡞ࡀࡽࠊඛྐᮇ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㝯㉳ࢧࣥࢦ♋ࡢ฼⏝౯್ࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ
࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࡲࡎࠊඛྐ㑇㊧ࡢ᝟ሗࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣ≉࡟ࣛࢵࢸᮇ
࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿᩥ໬ᮇࡢ㑇㊧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢ✵㛫ศᕸ࡜㑇㊧ࡢㅖᒓᛶࢆᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ

ᅗ 1㸸ࢢ࢔࣒ᓥࡢ఩⨨࡜ᆅ㉁㸦Gingerich 2003; Taborosi, et al. 2004 ࡼࡾ➹⪅సᡂ㸧㸰㸬࣐ࣜ࢔ࢼㅖᓥࡢඛྐ
࣐ࣜ࢔ࢼㅖᓥࡢඛྐࡣࣛࢵࢸᮇ㸦Latte period㸧࡜ඛࣛࢵࢸᮇ㸦Pre-Latte period㸧࡟኱ู࡛ࡁࡿࠋB.C. 1500 ᖺ㡭࡟ࡉ࠿ࡢࡰࡿඛࣛࢵࢸᮇ࡟ࡣࢢ࢔࣒ᓥ࡞࡝ࡢἢᓊ㒊࠿ࡽᒃఫࡀጞࡲࡗࡓࡀࠊᒃఫᇦࡀෆ㝣㒊࡟ᣑ኱ࡋࠊࡸࡀ࡚ A.D. 900㸫1000 ᖺࡈࢁ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࣛࢵࢸ
ࢫࢺ࣮ࣥ㸦Latte stone㸧ࡀྛᆅ࡟ᘓタࡉࢀጞࡵࠊࣛࢵࢸᮇࡀጞࡲࡗࡓࠋ✄సࡢᑟධࡸᅵჾ
ࡢჾᙧኚ໬ࠊ▼⮻ࡢ౑⏝ࡶࡇࡢ㡭࠿ࡽጞࡲࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸦Rainbird 2004㸧ࠋ
−1−

ࣛࢵࢸᮇࢆ≉ᚩ࡙ࡅࡿࣛࢵࢸࢫࢺ࣮ࣥ࡜ࡣࠊ▼⅊ᒾࠊⅆᒣᒾࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢧࣥࢦࢆຍᕤࡋ
ࡓᰕ▼㸦haligi㸧࡜ࠊୖ࡟㍕ࡏࡿ㍕▼㸦tasa㸧࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ▼㐀≀࡛࠶ࡿࠋಖᏑ≧ែࡀⰋ࠸㑇ᵓࡣࠊ୍ᐃ㛫㝸࡛ᑐࢆ࡞ࡍࣛࢵࢸࢫࢺ࣮ࣥᩘᑐࡀࡦ࡜ࡘࡢ༢఩ࢆᵓᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㧗ᗋᘧᮌ㐀ᐙᒇࡢ♏▼ࡔࡗࡓ࡜ࡍࡿゎ㔘ࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࿘ᅖ࡟ࡣ⅔ᆎࡸ࣐࢘ࣥࢻ≧ࡢᗫᲠሙࠊࡉ
ࡽ࡟ᇙⴿᆎࡀ࡜ࡶ࡞࠺஦౛ࡶከࡃࠊᅵჾ∦ࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡍࡿᵝࠎ࡞⏕άṧ⁦ࡀ⾲㠃᥇㞟࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸦Thompson 1932:17; Dixon, et al. 2006㸧ࠊࣛࢵࢸࢫࢺ࣮ࣥࡣࢭࢺ࣓ࢗࣝࣥࢺ
㸦ᒃఫ✵㛫㸧ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ୺せせ⣲࡜⪃࠼࡚ࡼ࠸ࠋ
16 ୡ⣖࡟ධࡿ࡜すḢ࡜ࡢ᥋ゐࡀጞࡲࡾࠊ1565 ᖺ࡟ࡣࢫ࣌࢖ࣥࡀ࣐ࣜ࢔ࢼㅖᓥࡢ㡿᭷ࢆᐉ ゝࡋࡓ ࠋ᳜ Ẹᆅ໬ ࡢᙳ㡪 ࡣᙜ ึࡣ㝈 ᐃⓗࡔ ࡗࡓࡀ 㸦 Tomonari-Tuggle 㸤 Tuggle
2003:14㸧ࠊ1668 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 17 ୡ⣖ᮎ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚࢖࢚ࢬࢫ఍ࡀᕸᩍάືࢆᮏ᱁໬ࡉࡏࡓࠋ࣐ࣜ࢔
ࢼㅖᓥࡢඛఫẸ࡛࠶ࡿࢳࣕࣔࣟேࢆ⟶⌮ୗ࡟⨨ࡃࡓࡵࠊࣟࢱᓥࡢ୍㒊ࢆ㝖ࡃ඲ㅖᓥẸࡀࢢ࢔࣒ᓥ࡟タࡅࡽࢀࡓᩘ࢝ᡤࡢᒃ␃ᆅ࡟ᙉไ⛣ఫࡉࡏࡽࢀࡓࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣᙉไ⛣ఫࡢ᫬ᮇࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࣛࢵࢸᮇᩥ໬ࡢୗ㝈ᖺ௦࡜ࡍࡿ 1)ࠋ
㸱㸬ࣛࢵࢸᮇ㑇㊧࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡿඛ⾜◊✲
1819ᖺ࡟ࢢ࢔࣒ᓥ࡟᮶ᓥࡋࡓFreycinetࡣࠊࢢ࢔࣒ᓥࡢྛᆅ࡟㑇㊧ࡀṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ
グ㘓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢢ࢔࣒ᓥ໭㒊࡛ࡣⅬᅾࡍࡿⅆᒣᒾ〇ࡢ▼⮻ࢆほᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊỈ㈨※࡟ஈࡋ࠸⎔ቃୗ࡛ࡢඛྐᒃఫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᠜␲ⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦Freycinet 2003:69,81-82㸧ࠋࢢ࢔࣒ᓥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⪃ྂᏛㄪᰝࡢ㛤ጞࡣࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᾏ㌷ࡢJoseph C. Thompsonࡸࣅࢩࣙࢵࣉ
༤≀㤋ࡢHans G. Hornbostelࢆᚅࡓ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ≉࡟Hornbostelࡣ1920ᖺ௦࡟ࢢ࢔࣒ᓥྛᆅࢆ㋃ᰝࡋ࡚⣙270ᇶࡶࡢࣛࢵࢸࢫࢺ࣮ࣥࢆሗ࿌ࡋࠊࡑࡢ࠾࠾ࡲ࠿࡞ศᕸᅗࢆస
ᡂࡋࡓ㸦Thompson 1940㸧2)ࠋᡓ୰࣭ᡓᚋࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡛ከࡃࡢ㑇㊧ࡀᾘ⁛ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊ
20ୡ⣖๓༙௨๓ࡢࣛࢵࢸᮇ㑇㊧ࡢศᕸࢆ௒᪥࡟ఏ࠼ࡿ㈗㔜࡞᝟ሗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋHornbostel࡟ࡼࡗ࡚☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࣛࢵࢸᮇ㑇㊧ࡣࢢ࢔࣒ᓥ༡㒊ࡢἢᓊᇦࡸἙ㇂࡟㞟୰ࡍࡿࡀࠊ໭す㒊ἢᓊᇦࡸAganaࡢෆ㝣࡛ࡶ㑇㊧ࡀグ㘓ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡲࡓ໭㒊ෆ㝣ࡢ2ࣨᡤ࡟ᐦ㞟ࡍࡿ㑇㊧⩌ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ1945ᖺ࡜1946ᖺ࡟ࠊࢢ࢔࣒ᓥ࡟㉱௵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓDouglas Osborneࡀࢢ࢔࣒ᓥࡢ㑇㊧ࢆ෌ࡧㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋ㛤Ⓨ࡛ከࡃࡢඛྐ㑇㊧ࡀ๐ᖹࡉࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ࡞࠿࡛ࠊࢢ࢔࣒ᓥ໭㒊ࡢྛᆅ࡛ࣛ
ࢵࢸࢫࢺ࣮ࣥ࡞࡝ࡢ㑇㊧ࡀグ㘓ࡉࢀࡓࠋᘏࠎ࡜㐃⥆ࡍࡿ㑇㊧ࡸ⪃ྂ㑇≀ࠊ⏕άṧ⁦ࡢศཌ࠸ሁ✚ࡀἢᓊ㒊࡟ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊMogfog㸦⾲1࣭ᅗ2ࡢ61㸧ࡸAganaࢆྵࡴෆ㝣࡟ࡶ኱ᆺ㑇㊧ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊἢᓊ㒊ࡢࡳ࡟ேཱྀࡀ㞟୰ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ࡍࡿㄝ࡟Osborneࡣ␲ၥࢆ࿊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Osborne n.d.:48-49㸧ࠋ1) 1521 ᖺࡢすὒ࡜ࡢ᥋ゐ㛤ጞࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࣛࢵࢸᮇࡢ⤊↉࡜ࡍࡿㄽ⪃ࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦e.g. Rainbird 2004:126㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ࢖࢚ࢬࢫ఍ࡢάື࡛ᓥẸࡢ⏕άᵝᘧࡢすὒ໬ࡀ㐍ࡳࠊᙉไ⛣ఫ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ྛᆅࡢᒃఫᆅࡀᨺᲠࡉࢀࡓ㸦e.g.
᳜ᮌ 1978:38㸧ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊඛྐ࠿ࡽṔྐ᫬௦࡬ࡢᛴ⃭࡞♫఍ኚ໬ࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࡢࡣᙉไ⛣ఫࡢ᫬ᮇ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ
2) Hornbostel ࡀసᡂࡋࡓᅗࡣࣛࢵࢸࢫࢺ࣮ࣥࡢศᕸᅗࡔ࠿ࡽࠊ
ࡑࢀ௨እࡢࣛࢵࢸᮇ㑇㊧ࡣグ㘓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

−2−

1952ᖺࡢ1᭶࠿ࡽ2᭶࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࠊReed࡟ࡼࡿศᕸㄪᰝࡀࢢ࢔࣒ᓥྛᆅ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓࠋ≉࡟ࠊHornbostel࡜Osborneࡢ୧ྡ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡓ᪤▱ࡢ㑇㊧ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟෌ㄪᰝࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ࢢ࢔࣒ᓥ໭㒊࡛ࡣἢᓊ㒊࡟㑇㊧ࡀከࡃศᕸࡍࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊ▼⅊ᒾྎᆅୖ࡟ࡣ㑇㊧ࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝
☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊHornbostelࡀグ㘓ࡋࡓ▼⅊ᒾྎᆅୖ࡟㸰⟠ᡤࡳࡽࢀࡿࣛࢵࢸ
ࢫࢺ࣮ࣥࡢᐦ࡞ศᕸࡢᏑᅾࡀ␲ၥどࡉࢀࡓ㸦Reed 1952:93,104-112㸧ࠋ
1965ᖺ࠿ࡽ1966ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊReinman࡟ࡼࡿࢢ࢔࣒ᓥ඲ᇦࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓඛྐ㑇㊧ࡢศᕸㄪᰝࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢᡂᯝࡣ1975ᖺࡢࢢ࢔࣒ṔྐಖᏑィ⏬㸦Guam Historic Preservation
Plan㸧ࡢᇶ♏㈨ᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚ά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Government of Guam 1976㸧ࠋࡇࡢㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊ
ἢᓊ㒊ࡢ኱༙࡜༡㒊ෆ㝣ࡢἙᕝἢ࠸࡟ศᕸࡍࡿከࡃࡢ㑇㊧ࡀグ㘓ࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊ໭㒊▼⅊ᒾྎᆅࡢෆ㝣ࡣṤ࡝ㄪᰝࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸦Reinman 1968:42-43㸧ࠋࡇࡢㄪᰝ௨㝆ࢢ࢔࣒ᓥ࡛ࡣほග㛤Ⓨࡀ㐍ࡳࠊࡑࢀ࡟࡜ࡶ࡞ࡗ࡚1980ᖺ௦࠿ࡽศᕸㄪᰝ
ࡸⓎ᥀ㄪᰝ஦౛ࡀᛴቑࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦e.g. Olmo, et al. 2000:53; ྛ஦౛ሗ࿌ࡢヲ⣽ࡣ⾲1ࢆཧ↷㸧ࠋࡉࡽ࡟㌷⏝ᆅ㸦e.g. Joint Guam Program Office 2010㸧ࡸ໭࣐ࣜ࢔ࢼㅖᓥ㸦e.g.
Hunter-Anderson 㸤 Butler 1995:Ѓ㸧࡟࠾ࡅࡿㄪᰝ஦౛ࡀຍࢃࡾࠊᅵჾ⦅ᖺࡢ⢭⦓໬ࠊ㑇≀⤌ᡂࡢᢕᥱࠊ⏕ᴗάືࡢ᚟ඖࠊ㑇㊧ᙧᡂ㐣⛬ࡢ᳨ウࠊᆅᙧⓎ㐩ྐࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓ⎔ቃせᅉࡢศᯒ㸦e.g. Hunter-Anderson 㸤 Butler 1995; Amesbury 1999; Rainbird 2004㸧࡞࡝ࠊ࣐ࣜ࢔ࢼㅖᓥࡢඛྐᩥ໬◊✲ࡀ㏆ᖺ≉࡟㐍ᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࢢ࢔࣒ᓥ໭㒊ࡢࣛࢵࢸᮇ㑇㊧ࡢ✵㛫ศᕸࢆ᚟ඖࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ㑇㊧᝟ሗࡢ཰㞟ࢆヨࡳࡓࠋㄪᰝሗ࿌᭩ࡀห⾜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㑇㊧ࡢሙྜࡣྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾධᡭࡋ࡚㜀ぴࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ௚ࡢㄪᰝሗ࿌᭩ෆࡢグ㍕ࡸࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ㄽ⪃࠿ࡽࠊᖺ௦㈨ᩱࢆྵࡵྛ㑇㊧ࡢㅖᒓᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᝟ሗࢆ཰㞟ࡋࡓࠋ㸲㸬ࣛࢵࢸᮇ㑇㊧ࡢᒓᛶ㞟ᡂ࡜ศᕸᅗసᡂ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊㄪᰝ⪅࡟ࡼࡿሗ࿌࡟ࡶ࡜࡙ࡁࠊࣛࢵࢸᮇࡢᣦᶆ࡜࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿ㑇≀ࡸ㑇ᵓ࡜ࡋ࡚㸦Rainbird 2004:126㸧
ࠊࣛࢵࢸࢫࢺ࣮ࣥࠊᅵჾ∦ࠊ▼⮻ 3)࡟ຍ࠼ࠊࢩࣕࢥ࢞࢖〇㈅᩼ࡸ
▼᩼ࠊᮍຍᕤࡢᾏ⏘㈅㢮ࠊ⅔ᆎ࣭↝♟ࡢ᭷↓࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㑇㊧ࡈ࡜࡟㞟ᡂࡋࡓ㸦⾲1㸧ࠋ⥲ᩘࡣ
270㑇㊧࡟ࡢࡰࡿࠋ☜࠿࡟ࠊ໭㒊ෆ㝣ࡢ▼⅊ᒾྎᆅ࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿ㑇㊧࡛ࡣᴫࡋ࡚㑇≀ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ▼⅊ᒾྎᆅ࡟ࡶඛࣛࢵࢸᮇࡢ㑇㊧ࡀⓙ↓࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊᑡ࡞࠸㑇≀࠿ࡽࣛࢵࢸ
ᮇ㑇㊧ࢆㄆᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ⡆༢࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࣛࢵࢸࢫࢺ࣮ࣥࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㑇㊧࡛ࡣࠊ๓ᥖࡋࡓ㑇≀ࡸ㑇ᵓࡀඹకࡍࡿሙྜࡀከ࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㈅᩼ࡢࡳࡢ㑇㊧ࡶ⾲୰࡟ྵࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓ㸦ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ⾲1࣭ᅗ2ࡢ262㸧
ࠋࡲࡓࠊேᕤ㑇≀ࢆకࢃ࡞࠸㈅ᩓᕸᆅࡢሙྜࡶࠊ
ࣛࢵࢸᮇࡢ㑇㊧࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ᤼㝖࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ⾲࡟ຍ࠼ࡓ㸦ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ⾲1࣭ᅗ2ࡢ268㸧ࠋᅗ2ࡣࠊࣛࢵࢸᮇ㑇㊧270ᆅⅬࡢศᕸᅗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋసᡂ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ1966ᖺࡢᆅᙧ㔞ᡂᯝ࡟ࡼࡿUnited States Geological Surveyࡢࢢ࢔࣒ᓥᆅᙧᅗࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊReinman
3)▼⮻࡟ࡣࠊᒾᗋࢆ┤᥋᥀ࡾ❑ࡵࡓ౛࡜ࠊⅆᒣᒾࡸ▼⅊ᒾࡢᕧ♟ࢆຍᕤࡋࡓ౛ࡀ▱ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊ⾲ 1 ࡛ࡣ༊ูࡋ࡚
࠸࡞࠸ࠋ

−3−

㸦1977㸧ࡢศᕸᅗ࡛♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㑇㊧ࡢ࡞࠿࡟ࡣࠊࡑࡢᚋࡢㄪᰝ࡛⣽ศ໬ࡉࢀࡓ஦౛ࡀ࠶
ࡿࠋ☜࠿࡟ࠊTarague࠿ࡽPati point࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡣ⠊ᅖࡀᗈ኱࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡼࡾ᪂ࡋ࠸ሗ࿌
᭩࡟ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ᆅⅬࢆศࡅࡓ㸦Liston 1996㸧㸦⾲1࣭ᅗ2ࡢ159ࠥ261㸧
ࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊࡑࢀ௨እ
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡟Reinmanࡢศᕸᅗࢆ㋃くࡋࡓࠋᅗ2ࡢศᕸᅗ୰ࡢࢺ࣮࡛ࣥ♧ࡋࡓ⠊
ᅖࡣࠊHornbostelࡀࣛࢵࢸࢫࢺ࣮ࣥࡢᏑᅾࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓ༊ᇦ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ1920ᖺ௦࡟సᡂࡉࢀࡓHornbostelࡢศᕸᅗࡣ⢭ᗘࡢప࠸ᆅᅗࡀཎᅗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊᾏᓊ⥺ࡢᙧ≧ࡸᆅᙧࡢグ㍕࠿ࡽࢬࣞࢆฟ᮶ࡿࡔࡅ⿵ṇࡋࡓୖ࡛⠊ᅖࢆᢞᙳࡋࡓ 4)ࠋ
㸳.ࢢ࢔࣒ᓥ໭㒊࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣛࢵࢸᮇ㑇㊧ࡢศᕸഴྥ
ࢢ࢔࣒ᓥ໭す㒊ࡢἢᓊᇦ࡛ࡣࠊ▼⅊㉁◁♟࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿᾏᓊపᆅࡸࡑࡢᚋ⫼ࡢప఩ẁୣୖ࡟ከࡃࡢࣛࢵࢸᮇ㑇㊧ࡀศᕸࡍࡿࠋ㛤Ⓨࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲࡗࡓTumon‴ࡸAgana‴ࡢᾏᓊ࡟ࡣࠊ
」ᩘࡢࣛࢵࢸࢫࢺ࣮ࣥࢆྵࡴᗈ኱࡞㑇㊧ࡀ࠿ࡘ࡚ᏑᅾࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᾏᓊపᆅࡀᗈࡃⓎ㐩ࡋࡓRitidian㑇㊧ࡸTarague㑇㊧㸦⾲1࣭ᅗ2ࡢ31࡜159㸧࠿ࡽࡣࠊᚋୡࡢ᧠஘ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࡣ࠸
ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊඛࣛࢵࢸᮇ࠿ࡽࣛࢵࢸᮇ࡟࠸ࡓࡿ㛗ᮇ㛫ࡢ⏕ά⑞㊧ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋFaifai
㑇㊧㸦⾲1࣭ᅗ2ࡢ18㸧ࡀ఩⨨ࡍࡿᾏᓊపᆅ࡛ࡣࠊ▼⅊ᒾྎᆅࡢᓴ⥺ࡲ࡛ࡢᖜࡀ⊃࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊ
ࣛࢵࢸᮇࡢᩥ໬ᒙࡀᗈ⠊ᅖ࡟☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ໭ᮾ㒊ἢᓊᇦࡣࢧࣥࢦ♋ࡢ
Ⓨ㐩ࡀᝏࡃࠊ◁὾ࡶᑠつᶍ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ▼⅊ᒾྎᆅࡢᓴ⥺ᇶ㒊࡟ሁ✚ࡋࡓᶆ㧗ᩘ࣓࣮ࢺࣝࡢᓴ㗹ୖ࡟ࠊከࡃࡢࣛࢵࢸᮇ㑇㊧ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ࠺ࡕPagat㑇㊧ࡸMochom㑇㊧㸦⾲1࣭ᅗ2ࡢ41࡜47㸧ࡣࠊ」ᩘࡢࣛࢵࢸࢫࢺ࣮ࣥࢆక࠺ࠋ
▼⅊ᒾྎᆅୖࡢ㑇㊧ࡣࠊᑠつᶍ࡞㑇≀ᩓᕸᆅ㸦e.g. Yoklavich 1996:43-44㸧ࢆ୺࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
ᑡᩘࡢᅵჾ∦ࡸ㈅〇ရࡔࡅ࡛ࠊ⏕άṧ⁦ࢆకࢃ࡞࠸஦౛ࡀከࡃࠊἢᓊ㒊ࡢᒃఫ⪅࡟ࡼࡿ୍᫬ⓗ฼⏝ࡢ⑞㊧࡜᥎ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Haun 1988:20-22㸧ࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ୍㒊ࡢ㑇≀ᩓᕸᆅࡸࣛ

ࢵࢸࢫࢺ࣮ࣥ࿘㎶㸦ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ⾲1࣭ᅗ2ࡢ25ࡸ38㸧࡛ࡣࠊⅣ໬≀ࡸࢧࣥࢦࡢ↝♟ࢆྵࡴ⏕άṧ⁦ࡀ᳨ฟࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊሙᡤ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣᐃ╔ⓗ࡞ᒃఫࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ 5)ࠋ
▼⅊ᒾྎᆅୖࡣࠊ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ୰ࡸᡓᚋ࡟኱つᶍ࡞㛤Ⓨࢆཷࡅ࡚ࡁࡓࡓࡵࠊ㑇㊧ࡸ㑇≀ໟྵᒙࡀ◚ቯࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡣṧࡿ㸦e.g. Yee 2006㸧
ࠋOsborneࡣࠊࢢ࢔࣒ᓥෆ㝣࠿ࡽࡢ⏕άṧ⁦ࡢฟᅵࡀᑡ࡞࠸⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊㄪᰝ஦౛ࡢᑡ࡞ࡉࡸᾐ㣗࡟ࡼࡿ◚ቯࡢ௚࡟」ᩘࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Osborne n.d.:49㸧ࠋࡲࡎࡣࠊෆ㝣㒊ࡢᅵᆅ฼⏝⮬యࡀඛྐᚋᮇ
࡟ጞࡲࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࠊḟ࡟⚍♭✵㛫࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝ࡉࢀࡓྍ⬟ᛶࠊࡉࡽ࡟᳜Ẹᮇ࡟ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥࡢᨷ
ᧁࡸ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍࡢᕸᩍ࠿ࡽ㏨ࢀࡿ㑊㞴ሙᡤ࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝ࡉࢀࡓྍ⬟ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ໭㒊ෆ㝣ࡢ▼⅊ᒾྎᆅࢆ㈨※ࡀஈࡋ࠸ࠕ࿘⦕ࡢᅵᆅ㸦marginal area㸧ࠖ࡜ぢ࡞ࡋࠊἢᓊ㒊ࡢᅵᆅ฼⏝ࡀ㣬࿴≧ែ࡟࡞ࡿඛྐᚋ༙ࡲ࡛ࠊ㝈ᐃⓗ࡞฼⏝ࡋ࠿ཷࡅ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜᝿ᐃࡍࡿㄝࡶ࠶ࡿ㸦e.g.
Kurashina 1987:10-11㸧ࠋ4) Hornbostel ࡢศᕸᅗ࡛ࡣࠊࣛࢵࢸࢫࢺ࣮ࣥࡀᐦ࡟ศᕸࡍࡿ⠊ᅖࡣ⃰࠸ࢺ࣮࡛ࣥ༊ูࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᅗ 2 ࡛ࡣศᕸࡢ␯ᐦࢆ༊ูࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
▼⅊ᒾྎᆅୖࡢ㑇㊧ࡣࠊἢᓊ㒊࡟㏆࠸ྎᆅ⦕㎶࡟㏆᥋ࡍࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦Olmo, et al. 2000:56㸧ࠋ

5)

−4−

㸴.௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟 ☜࠿࡟▼⅊ᒾྎᆅୖ࡟ࡣࠊỌ⥆ⓗ࡞ᒃఫࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࣛࢵࢸࢫࢺ࣮ࣥࡣἢᓊ㒊࡟ẚ࡭࡚ᑡ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋMataguac㑇㊧㸦⾲1࣭ᅗ2ࡢ62㸧ࡣ౛እ࡛ࠊᑡ࡞ࡃぢ✚ࡶࡗ࡚ࡶ4ᇶࡢࣛࢵࢸ
ࢫࢺ࣮ࣥࡀᏑᅾࡋࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ㑇㊧ࡣࠊ▼⅊ᒾྎᆅࡢᇶ┙ࢆ࡞ࡍⅆᒣᒾࡀᆅୖ࡟
✺ฟࡋࡓୣ㝠ᆅᙧ࡟㞄᥋ࡍࡿⅬ࡛≉␗࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ྎᆅୖ࠿ࡽࡣࠊ1㹼2ᇶࡢࣛࢵࢸࢫࢺ
࣮ࣥࡀ6㑇㊧࡛グ㘓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸦⾲1࣭ᅗ2ࡢ5, 25, 43, 61, 75, 100㸧ࡲࡓࠊ500mᅄ᪉ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡟ᗈࡀࡿ㑇≀ᩓᕸᆅࡀ㏆ᖺⓎぢࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦Yee, et al. 2004:41㸧
㸦⾲1࣭ᅗ2ࡢ108㸧ࠊ▼⅊ᒾྎᆅࢆࠕ࿘⦕ࠖ࡜୍ᚊ࡟ホ౯ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ഴྥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ᳨ウࡋ┤ࡍᚲせࡀฟ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ⪃ྂᏛⓗ᝟ሗ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊࢢ࢔࣒ᓥ໭㒊ࡢᆅୗỈᣲື࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡿỈᩥᆅ⌮Ꮫⓗ᝟ሗࡸྍ⪔ᆅࡢᅵተᏛⓗ≉ᛶࢆ୹ᛕ࡟ᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⫢せ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ
7. ㅰ㎡
 ࢢ࢔࣒ᓥࢆ◊✲ࢸ࣮࣐࡜ࡍࡿୖ࡛ࠊࡑࡢษ᥃ࡅࢆ୚࠼࡚ୗࡉࡗࡓ∦ᒸಟඛ⏕㸦㛵すእᅜㄒ኱Ꮫ㸧ࠊ࡞ࡽࡧ࡟Richard K. Olmoඛ⏕㸦ࢢ࢔࣒኱Ꮫ㸧࡟῝ㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊᮏ✏ࢆᇳ➹ࡍࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡾࠊᒣཱྀᚭඛ⏕㸦៞᠕⩏ሿ኱Ꮫ㸧࠿ࡽࡈពぢࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋྜࢃࡏ
࡚ᚚ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ




−5−

ᅗ 2㸸ࢢ࢔࣒ᓥ໭㒊ࡢࣛࢵࢸᮇ㑇㊧ศᕸᅗ−6−⾲ 1㸸ࢢ࢔࣒ᓥ໭㒊ࡢࣛࢵࢸᮇ㑇㊧㸦1/2㸧

−7−⾲ 1㸸ࢢ࢔࣒ᓥ໭㒊ࡢࣛࢵࢸᮇ㑇㊧㸦2/2㸧−8−㸺ཧ↷ᩥ⊩㸼

1.

᳜ᮌṊ
1978ࠗ༡ኴᖹὒࡢ⪃ྂᏛ ࣑ࢡࣟࢿࢩ࢔࡬ࡢᣍᚅ࠘Ꮫ⏕♫2.

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− 10 −

1985 Tumon bay area overview: Cultural and historical resources. A report prepared
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