U06-01

Room:105

Time:May 24 09:00-09:15

Evolution of New Seamless Science From Space, Sun to the Earth Surface: Observational
studies of greenhouse gas species
MATSUMI, Yutaka1∗
1

Solar Terrestrial Environment Laboratory

In order to understand the earth system as well as to solve global environmental problems, it is necessary to develop andto promote a science dealing with ”earth-life interactive system” as a holistic interacting system of space-sun-magnetosphereatmosphere-hydrosphere-geosphere-biosphere. Through the seamless research among those disciplines, continuous nature of theboundaries and interactions between the disciplines has to be elucidated. Our research on the measurements of greenhouse gases
related climate change and atmospheric environment will be also presented and future direction of the research will be discussed.
Keywords: Global warming, Greenhouse gas, Balloon-borne measurement, Carbon dioxide, Methane, Laser isotope spectrometer

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U06-02

Room:105

Time:May 24 09:15-09:35

Importance of integrated research on the Sun-Earth-Life Interactive System (SELIS)YASUNARI, Tetsuzo1∗
1

Research Institute for Humanity and Nature

In the 20th century, the understanding of our planet earth was promoted through segmentalization and/or disaggregation of thecomplex earth system. However, large negative aspects of scientific activity have also emerged, e.g., global environmental issues,
such as global warming, the ozone depletion issue, desertification, and the destruction of tropical rainforests. In the 21st century
we must have a holistic view of the earth and environment, where we live, by integrating the physical, chemical and biologicalearth, of course, including human beings. I believe that the items one and two listed above are important for understanding
the integrated seamless system of the earth. Based upon these ideas, we conducted the 21 century COE program titled ”TheSun-Earth-Life Interactive System (SELIS)” in the right direction, and that the role of the program has become important for
promoting a more holistic approach of geosciences both in research and education. Through the SELIS-COE program, we
became convinced of a necessity of the new paradigm for integrated understanding our planet earth, including human beings andthe life. It is my great pleasure to hear that the Nagoya University is now going to set up a new research institute for SELIS. I do
hope and believe that this new institute would lead study on SELIS both national-wide and internationally.
Keywords: Sun, Earth, Biosphere, Interaction, Earth system, Integrated research

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U06-03

Room:105

Time:May 24 09:35-09:55

Atmospheric chemical response to the changes in biological and solar activities
IMAMURA, Takashi1∗
1

Center for Environmental Measurement and Analysis, National Institute for Environmental Studies

The temporal and spatial distributions of atmospheric constituents, especially trace species, are related to air quality andclimate system. The distribution of trace species in the atmosphere is controlled by the chemical processes, the emission anddeposition and the transport from one region to another. Vegetation is the largest sources of reactive volatile organic compounds(VOCs) which are the precursors of photochemical ozone and organic aerosol in the troposphere. The increase in ozone andaerosol concentrations at the surface level would affect agricultural productivity, biogenic activities, and local/regional climate.
On the other hand, ozone and aerosol budgets would be strongly influenced by human activities, e.g., agricultural and industrial
activities. Furthermore, climate change affects vegetation and the emission rates of biogenic VOCs and emission which leads
to change in the type and strength of biogenic volatile organic compounds’ emission. It is therefore important to accelerate thejoint-studies between biological and atmospheric science communities in order to improve the knowledge of the interrelation
among biogenic activity, chemistry in the atmosphere, human activity, and climate.
Solar radiation, the heat source of Earth, is an important external factor to control and trigger chemical reactions in theatmosphere. For example, the production rates of stratospheric ozone are basically given as a function of the flux of solar
radiation shorter than 240nm, which is much more sensitive to solar activity than the radiation in visible and IR region. Solar
activity may also perturb the circulation field in the middle atmosphere. Therefore, the distribution of ozone in the middle
atmosphere would be given as a complex function against the variation of solar activity. Solar activity change also influences on
the amount of energetic charged particles which penetrate into the Earth’s atmosphere. Solar energetic particle event is one of theexamples and triggers many neutral and ionic reactions which results in the large changes in trace atmospheric species, e.g., total
reactive nitrogen (NOy) and ozone concentrations in the middle atmosphere. The enhanced NOy and/or depleted ozone could be
used as a tracer of the atmospheric motion. Not only transient phenomena but also long term variability of solar activity has an
influence on Earth’s environment. For example, one of the ideas concerning the interrelation between solar activity and climate isthat the changes in the production rates of fine particles in response to the variation of solar activity would affect the solar energy
reaching at the Earth’s surface. However, in order to estimate the impact of solar activity changes on aerosol concentration,
atmospheric chemical feedback should be considered because both the emissions of VOCs and chemical processes would also be
influenced by the change in the solar flux and temperature. Environmental changes induced by solar/cosmic transient phenomena
and/or long term variation of solar activity would be mediated through atmospheric processes and their information might berecorded into the ice core, soil, and biosphere. Information on interaction among sun-atmosphere-biosphere should be shared inorder to understand the mechanisms how the atmospheric chemical processes response the change in solar activities and cosmic
events.

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U06-04

Room:105

Time:May 24 09:55-10:15

Linkages in biogeochemical cycles between surface ocean and lower atmosphere
UEMATSU, Mitsuo1∗
1

Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo

Increase of the substances emitted to the atmosphere by human activities and global warming change the amount of land origin
substances transporting to the ocean, and influence the marine ecosystems, such as the species and amount of marine organism. While carbon and nitrogen are taken up by marine organism, the amount of trace gases produced from marine organism
may change. The release of marine biogenic gases into the atmosphere, the gases will be oxidized and converted to particles(aerosols). It is believed to modify the property and the amount of clouds and to change the lifetime of clouds and the reflectionof the sunlight to the earth surface. I would like to introduce the research results revealed the seamless interaction between theatmosphere and the ocean through the marine biological activities.
Across these series of studies were carried out with the collaboration of the scientists from the various fields such as atmospheric chemistry, marine meteorology, marine chemistry, marine biology, and marine physics. As a study area, marine
atmospheric boundary layer from the sea surface to the altitude of 2 km above and ocean surface water layer shallower than 200
m of euphotic zone were defined. The joint observation cruises by research vessels have been conducted in collaborative researchissues, and it has been collaborated with the land-based atmospheric observations and satellite observations simultaneously.
In the subarctic region of the North Pacific Ocean, we were able to ascertain that atmospheric iron supply to the ocean asa natural phenomenon was observed during a Kosa event and enhanced marine biological activity by in-situ measurement ofa research cruise. In addition the marine biological production increased by the supply of iron in the volcanic ash during theeruption in the Aleutian Islands and measured the increased trace gases productions caused by the marine organisms.
The measurement of volatile organic compounds in and over the Pacific Ocean, the gases released from the ocean was converted to organic aerosols in the marine atmosphere. In particular by the 2008 eruption of Kilauea volcano in the Hawaii Islands,
production of aerosols over the central North Pacific increased the cloud coverage and the reduction of cloud droplet size by theobservations. It strengthened the negative radiative forcing at sea, and the sea surface water temperature reduction was demonstrated. It clarified the possible presence of indirect effects on marine ecosystems.
By the development of direct measurement techniques on shipboard for aerosol generation and annihilation processes in marine atmosphere covering 70% of the Earth’s surface, it becomes possible to obtain the important findings of the various processesof the air-sea interface.
On the other hand, by global warming, stratification of ocean surface water is enhanced and causes an increase in plankton to
perform nitrogen fixation in the subtropical North Pacific. Atmospheric supply of substances is extremely important for controlof plankton fate and species in this region. Based on the observation, vertical mixing of surface seawater by meteorological phenomena such as passage of low-pressure systems and typhoons enhanced the biological production, an incubation experiment ofsimulated mixing water by typhoon was carried out on shipboard. As a result, large size diatoms increased and it was suggested
the possibility of efficient carbon transport into the deep ocean, and succeeded in quantification of its amounts by a model. Thesefindings, changes in the marine structure due to climate change suggest that marine organism contributes for the change of the
carbon cycle between the marine atmosphere and the marine ecosystem.

Keywords: biogeochemistry, material cycles between surface ocean and lower atmosphere, marine biogenic substances, atmospheric anthropogenic substances, marine ecosystem, IGBP/SOLAS

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U06-05

Room:105

Time:May 24 10:15-10:30

Observations and simulations of cloud ice and aerosol
TSUBOKI, Kazuhisa1∗ ; SHINODA, Taro1 ; OHIGASHI, Tadayasu1
1

Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center (HyARC), Nagoya University

Cloud ice composing cirrus clouds and aerosol have large impacts on climate and weather by an interaction with radiation.
They are one of the large uncertainties for the projections of the climate change. Upper layer cirrus clouds surrounding a typhoon strongly control the upper layer temperature around the typhoon. Consequently, their characteristics are related to typhoon
intensity. So far, we have been using hydrometeor videozondes (HYVISs) to observe cloud particles in the upper troposphere.
The HYVISs can observe cloud particles ranging from 10 micrometer to 1 mm. It shows size, shape and number concentrationof cloud particles with high vertical resolution. We conducted field observations using HYVISs for various types of clouds
associated with heavy rainfall systems and typhoons in Okinawa, Japan and Palau in the tropics. The observation results show
characteristics of cloud particles and are used to improve the cloud processes in a cloud-resolving model.
To perform simulations and numerical experiments of high-impact weather systems such as heavy rainfall systems and typhoons, and convective/stratiform clouds, we have been developing a cloud-resolving numerical model named the Cloud Resolving Storm Simulator (CReSS) since 1998. The cloud processes are important part of the CReSS model. Typhoons bringabout strong wind and heavy rainfall occasionally and cause severe disasters in East Asia. The recent studies projected future
increase of typhoon intensity with the climate change (Tsuboki et al. 2015). Accurate predictions of typhoon intensity andthe associated rainfall are important for disaster prevention. A recent statistics of the typhoon prediction accuracy showed thattyphoon track prediction has been significantly improved, while intensity prediction has not for the last 20 years. Since the innercore of typhoon is composed of intense convective clouds, cloud-resolving simulation at a high-resolution (less than 2 km ina horizontal direction) is essentially required for accurate prediction of typhoon intensity. We apply CReSS for simulations ofobserved typhoons and for projection experiments of future change of typhoons associated with the climate change.
The CReSS model was designed for a large parallel computer and performed simulation experiments at the Earth Simulator
and the Kei Computer. It is a non-hydrostatic and compressible equation model using terrain-following coordinates. Prognostic
variables are 3-dimensional velocity components, perturbations of pressure and potential temperature, water vapor mixing ratio,
sub-grid scale turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), and cloud physical variables. Cloud physical processes are formulated by a bulk
method of cold rain. The bulk parameterization of cold rain includes mixing ratio of water vapor, rain, cloud, ice, snow, andgraupel and number concentrations of solid hydrometeors. Parallel processing is performed using the Massage Passing Interface(MPI). The OpenMP is also available for intra-node communications. More detailed explanations are found in Tsuboki and
Sakakiara (2002) and Tsuboki (2008). To investigate the interaction of aerosol and cloud particles, it is necessary to install moredetailed nucleation processes for liquid cloud and ice crystals. These are future subjects in this field.
Keywords: cloud ice, aerosol, cloud resolving model, typhoon, hydrometeor videosondes (HYVISs)

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U06-06

Room:105

Time:May 24 10:30-10:45

Prospects of Interdisciplinary Research for Solar Influence on Climate
KUSANO, Kanya1∗
1

Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University

Solar magnetic (sunspot) activity is one of the factors that vary the climate of the Earth. The variation of solar magnetic activity
consists of the so-called 11-year cycle (solar cycle) and the long-term variation, which is recorded in cosmogenic isotopes (14C
and 10Be) contained in tree-rings and the ice core in Antarctica and Greenland. The long-term variations of the Sun are believed
to be caused by the dynamo mechanism, which periodically reverses the magnetic polarity of polar regions and sunspots in eachsolar cycle. On the other hand, it has also been observed that there is a certain correlation between the long-term variation of thesolar activity and global climate change. In particular, the medieval warm period that lasted from approximately the 10th century
to the 14th century, and the Little Ice Age, which lasted until the mid-19th century from the 14th century, respectively correspondto the active age and the quiet era (Grand Minima) of solar activity. It suggests that the global climate is likely to have received
some influence from the Sun. Several different mechanisms of solar influence on climate have been proposed; for instance, thevariability of solar irradiance, the impact on clouds of galactic cosmic rays, and the chemical influence of high-energy particle
precipitated into upper atmosphere. However, the detail mechanism is not elucidated yet. The current solar cycle (cycle 24) islikely to be the quietest cycle in the past 100 years. Some possibility is pointed out that the solar activity is further reduced,
and a new ground minimum will start during the 21 century. Therefore, the understanding of solar influence on climate is anextremely important issue in order to improve the predictive reliability of global climate change in future. In order to solve thisimportant issue, the point of view of seamless science, which holistically investigates the Space-Sun-Earth system, is needed.
To establish that, the interdisciplinary study of astrophysics, solar physics, geo-space science, meteorology, climatology, andpaleoclimatology plays an important role. In this presentation, we discuss about the important issues for the solar influenceon climate, and introduce the new project planned in Nagoya University to solve them by the collaboration of Solar-Terrestrial
Environment Laboratory, Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, and Center for Chronological Research.
Keywords: climate change, solar activity, dynamo, interdisciplinary research, the Little Ice Age

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U06-07

Room:105

Time:May 24 11:00-11:20

Toward a new seamless science for a detection of terrestrial ecosystem responses underchanging climate
SAIGUSA, Nobuko1∗
1

National Institute for Environmental Studies

Global warming caused by human-induced greenhouse gas emissions has impacts on atmospheric, oceanic, and terrestrial
carbon cycles, and on ecosystem processes in various time scales. If the earth’s ecosystem has a global effect of negative feedback
to climate change, it means that the ecosystem has a function to stabilize the earth system by providing increasing sinks. If there
is a positive feedback that accelerate global warming, such process should be monitored, evaluated, and mitigated. Examples ofnegative feedback in terrestrial ecosystems are a fertilization effect of plants under higher atmospheric CO2 concentration, andan increased productivity and reproductive success under warmer environment and longer growing season length. A potential
positive feedbacks is an accelerating greenhouse gas emission from permafrost.
Studies on ecosystem change in the global and continental scales have been conducted using satellite remote sensing andecosystem process models to bring meaningful predictions and suggestions. Now more reliable verification of such predictions
and direct detections of actual changes in ecosystems are required based on long-term ground observations. A major difficulty isthat it needs a very long-term, highly comprehensive, and consistent monitoring that covers productivity, decomposition, nutrient
cycle, plant invasion, changes in species composition, succession, etc.
In this presentation, recent studies on global warming effects in terrestrial ecosystems will be reviewed, and progress on
carbon budget estimations based on integrated observing and analysis systems are introduced. In particular, such projects as”The US National Ecological Observatory Network” (NEON; http://www.neoninc.org/) and ”Integrated Carbon Observation
System” (ICOS; http://www.icos-infrastructure.eu/) in Europe are introduced to discuss future needs of long-term, consistent,
and operational ecosystem monitoring to detect changes in ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles due to climate change.

Keywords: Carbon cycle, Global warming, Terrestrial ecosystem, Global monitoring

1/1

U06-08

Room:105

Time:May 24 11:20-11:40

Recent achievements and future perspectives of paleoenvironmental studies
IRYU, Yasufumi1∗
1

Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University

Recent progress in geochemical analysis enables reconstruction of a variety of environments using sediment as well as biogenic
skeleton/shells. The reconstructed environments range from local conditions such as temperature, salinity and pH to global
phenomena including frequency and intensity of El Nino and southern oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), andPacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). An extraterrestrial effect (solar activity) to earth’s climate and ecosystem can be delineated aswell. It is possible to detect artificial environmental changes such as the shifts in carbon isotope composition in oceans owing toanthropogenic activities and the spreading of radioactive elements created atmospheric nuclear weapons testing. These indicatethat the paleoenvironmental studies using biogenic skeleton/shells and sediment is typical of seamless science. This presentation
overviews recent achievements and future perspectives of the paleoenvironmental studies.

Keywords: Paleoenvironment, sediment, skeleton, shell

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U06-09

Room:105

Time:May 24 11:40-12:00

Potential of luminescence dating
NAGATOMO, Tsuneto1∗
1

Nara University of Education

Many kinds of natural phenomena such as radioactive decay and fission of nuclei, solid surface phenomena and chemicalchanges of organic compounds etc. are applied to radiometric dating and the other various dating methods. Luminescence dating
is a technique using light emission from quartz when it is excited by heat or radiant energy. The phenomena applied in CHIME
and C14 methods are not influenced by the change of environmental condition, but luminescence and ESR (electron spin resonance) which are surface phenomenon of solids and racemization of amino acid method which measures the rate of chemical
reaction are sometimes affected by the changes of circumstances such as temperature and moisture. Under the circumstanceat normal temperature under normal pressure, luminescence dating covers the age from several tens years to several hundred
thousands years ago and even a million yeas ago in an ideal condition.
The phenomenon of quartz luminescence is the result of the radiation acting on its lattice defects formed by radiation or impurity elements. Meta-stable hole and electron pairs in crystal defects are stimulated by heat or light energy and recombined
resulting light emission or luminescence. The crystal defects are created by secondary cosmic rays and radiations from naturalradioactive nuclides, thus the number of them and the intensity of luminescence have increased for a function of time from thequartz crystallization. It is the same in the luminescence from the crystal defects caused by impurity elements.
When quartz is heated by volcanic eruption or artificial heating or exposed to light, the holes and electrons in its lattice defects
recombine and result in light emission, and the number of them reduces to the initial state (zeroing). The luminescence age
give the time elapsed from the zeroing. The luminescence dating technique covers the latter half of quaternary period or humanperiod, and determines the natural events such as volcanic eruption, tsunami and dune formation which influence the human life,
and artificial one such as open-air fire and pottery making.
The luminescence ages of several palaeolothic sites and the comparison of them with ages obtained by the other dating techniques will be shown at the session.
Keywords: luminescence, dating, radiation, quartz, human period, artificial event

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U06-10

Room:105

Time:May 24 12:00-12:20

Reconstruction of global electric circuit model and investigation of solar-climate connection
TAKAHASHI, Yukihiro1∗
1

Hokkaido University

Global electric circuit, GEC, model was proposed log time ago, around 1930s, in which thunderstorm plays a role of generator,
and the ground and the ionosphere work as a spherical capacitor. However, the both qualitative and quantitative understandingof GEC is not sufficient only with oversimplified model. Recently the research on the solar-climate connection is becoming thesignificant issue in the climate study. The GEC is one of the important concept that potentially could take a role in modulating the
Earth climate. We insist on the reconstruct of GEC from two points of views: 1) taking into account the nonuniformities both ofionospheric conductivity and of the distribution of the generators, and 2) establishing the observational methodology, excluding
the effect of cloud existing just above the observation sites.
Keywords: global circuit, solar-climate connection

1/1

U06-11

Room:105

Time:May 24 12:20-12:40

The importance of tropospheric water vapor in space weather
ISHII, Mamoru1∗
1

National Institute of Information and Communications Technology

Space weather events are the electro-magnetic disturbance on the vicinity of the Earth mainly originated by the solar activity.
Recently the influence of space weather events has been discussed in various fields. Many scientists have been discussing themechanism of space weather phenomena, and in addition that, some industry people started the discussion of the influencesof space weather to social infrastructure, for example telecommunication, broadcast, satellite positioning, air navigation, andelectric supply.
On the view of users, the scale and duration of influence is more important than the mechanism of the influence. To reply theseuser’s requirement, the scientists should consider whole system from the Sun to the Earth’s ground. For example, the largest
error factor of satellite positioning is the delay in the ionosphere, however, the effect of water vapor in the troposphere is not
negligible. This effect is applied to ”GPS meteorology” to discuss the global distribution of water vapor. The information isuseful to improve our developing atmosphere-ionosphere coupling model ”GAIA”.
In addition, the millimeter wave frequency has been frequently used recently, which is influenced by water vapor in the air.
When we consider the total use of radio wave, it is important to consider the tropospheric condition.
It is expected to discuss the merit of consideration of the effect of water vapor in the troposphere in this talk.
Keywords: space weather

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U06-12

Room:105

Time:May 24 14:15-14:35

SCOSTEP Activities toward a Better Understanding of Sun-Earth Connection
GOPALSWAMY, Nat1∗
1NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

The Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP) was established in 1966 as an interdisciplinary body ofICSU, the International Council for Science. SCOSTEP is tasked with running long-term scientific programs in Solar Terrestrial
Physics, a topic closely related to life on Earth. In addition to running the scientific programs, SCOSTEP is heavily invested in
Capacity Building and in Public Outreach. During the quadrennial solar terrestrial physics symposia, scientific highlights fromthe ongoing scientific programs are presented and plans are made to publish scientific results to the world scientific community.
SCOSTEP collaborates with other efforts such as the International Space Weather Initiative (ISWI) in running Space Science
Schools. SCOSTEP is a Permanent Observer to the United Nations Committee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNCOPUOS),
which is used as a forum to disseminate SCOSTEP activities to the member countries. In particular, SCOSTEP participates inthe deliberations of the Science and Technology Subcommittee of UNCOPUOS under the Space Weather Agenda. This talk will
focus on some of the recent SCOSTEP scientific programs and the associated activities that have helped spur research in solar
terrestrial physics.
Keywords: SCOSTEP, Solar Terrestrial Physics, International Cooperation, Capacity Building, Public Outreach, Sun-Earth Connection

1/1

U06-13

Room:105

Time:May 24 14:35-14:55

Coupling processes in the Solar-Terrestrial System
TSUDA, Toshitaka1∗
1

Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University

Coupling process in the solar-terrestrial system” aims to study the solar energy inputs into the Earth, and the response of
Geospace (magnetosphere, ionosphere and middle atmosphere) to the energy input. The solar energy can mainly be divided into
two parts - the solar radiation involving infra-red, visible, ultra-violet and X-ray, and solar wind which is a high-speed flow ofplasma particles. The solar radiation becomes maximum at the equator; and atmospheric disturbances are actively generated
near the Earth’s surface. They further excite various types of atmospheric waves which propagate upward carrying energy andmomentum. On the other hand, the energy associated with the solar wind converges into the polar regions where disturbances
are generated. A part of the energy is transported toward lower latitudes and lower atmospheric regions. We propose to establish
large atmospheric radars with active phased array antenna at the equator and the Arctic region. Among the equatorial regions, we
focus on the Indonesian region where atmospheric disturbances are most intense. We will establish a comprehensive observatory
in Indonesia with the Equatorial MU (EMU) radar as its main facility. Alongside, we will take part in the construction of thestate-of-the-art radar, called EISCAT 3D, in northern Scandinavia under international collaborations. We will also develop the
global observation network of portable equipment from the equator to both polar regions, and study the flow of the energy andmaterials in the whole atmosphere.
Keywords: solar-terrestrial system, coupling process, Equatorial MU radar, EISCAT 3D radar, Global network, IUGONET

1/1

U06-14

Room:105

Time:May 24 14:55-15:15

Importance of water vapor in vertical coupling of atmosphere
NAKAMURA, Takuji1∗
1

NIPR

Water and water vapor in the earth’s atmosphere is mostly confined in the troposphere. Furthermore, the scale height of water
vapor density in the troposphere is much smaller than the scale height of the atmosphere and the major part is existent around theground level. However, the water vapor is raised to near the tropopause easily by convections and releases latent heat there. This
acts as a very important heat source to derive large scale atmospheric waves and induces strong vertical coupling in the earth’s
atmosphere from the ground to the upper atmosphere and the ionosphere. This paper will describe the importance of such latent
heat transfer by the water in the atmospheric dynamics.
Keywords: Nagoya, Sun, Earth, environment, water vapor, coupling

1/1

U06-15

Room:105

Time:May 24 15:15-15:35

ICSWSE and the New STEL: collaboration and cooperation in the future
HADA, Tohru1∗ ; YOSHIKAWA, Akimasa1
1

ICSWSE, Kyushu University

Over the years, ICSWSE (=International Center for Space Weather Science and Education) has been successfully collaborating with STEL in building and operating the world largest ground magnetometer network, MAGDAS/CPMN (MAGnetic Data
Acquisition System/Circum-pan Pacific Magnetometer Network). Furthermore, ICSWSE and STEL have been working together
to play the leading role for capacity building activities in Asia and African regions. In this presentation we will discuss how we
can continue and what we can expect from the collaborating and cooperating efforts by the ICSWSE and the new STEL.
Keywords: space weather, capacity building

1/1

U06-16

Room:105

Time:May 24 15:35-15:55

High-latitude ionospheric phenomena requiring a better understanding of the coupling to
the magnetosphere/thermosphere
TAGUCHI, Satoshi1∗
1

Graduate School of Science, Kyoto Univ.

Various phenomena in the high-latitude ionosphere are coupled to the dynamics in the magnetosphere or thermosphere, andfor some of those phenomena the coupling process has been well understood. However, there are still phenomena that require
a much better understanding of the coupling. Those phenomena are discussed on the basis of the recent observations from ahigh-sensitivity all-sky imager at Svalbard, the EISCAT radar, and multi-spacecraft.
Keywords: high-latitude ionosphere, magnetosphere, thermosphere1/1

U06-17

Room:105

Time:May 24 16:15-16:35

Interdisciplinary study of space plasma waves in solar terrestrial environments
OMURA, Yoshiharu1∗
1

Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere

Waves in space plasmas play important roles in dynamics variation of the Earth’s radiation belts. Whistler-mode chorus
emissions excited by several tens of keV electrons can acceleration a small fraction of the energetic electrons to MeV energy
range, contributing to formation of radiation belts. Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) rising-tone emissions, on the other
hand, can scatter relativistic electrons effectively, and induce precipitation into the polar atmosphere. The precipitated MeVelectrons can penetrate deep into the middle atmosphere, and they may affect the atmospheric chemistry. Thus these nonlinear
plasma wave emissions in the magnetosphere connect the variation of solar activity and that of the atmospheric compositions. The
variations in the past could also be detected in ice core samples. The ERG satellite for observation of wave-particle interactions
in geospace is being developed under close collaboration of the STE laboratory and other research institutes and universities.
Through the reorganization of the related research institute at Nagoya University, we expect promotion of the interdisciplinary
studies related to the radiation belts and relativistic electron precipitation into the atmosphere.
Keywords: plasma waves, magnetosphere, radiation belts, relativistic electrons, middle atmosphere, nonlinear process

1/1U06-18

Room:105

Time:May 24 16:35-16:55

Future Perspective on Solar-Terrestrial Science
HOSHINO, Masahiro1∗
1

University of Tokyo

In the field of solar-terrestrial science, the forefront researches and education of the structure and dynamics of Sun, Earth, andtheir interplanetary space are being conducted by the Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory (STEL), Nagoya University, as
well as other research universities and institutes. These researches and education, in general, include two aspects in science:
one is the applied science to solve the environment problems in our life, and the other is the fundamental science to reveal themechanism of the system of the solar-terrestrial relationship. The final goal of the former science pursuing the environment
problem and of the latter science focusing on the fundamental physics would be same, but their approaches toward the goal
do not seem to be necessarily same. The different approaches may bear a subtle difference of science strategy and philosophy.
After summarizing the accomplishment of STEL in the research area of the solar-terrestrial science, a future perspective of thesolar-terrestrial science will be stated.
Keywords: Solar-Terrestrial Science, Future Perspective

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U06-19

Room:105

Time:May 24 16:55-17:15

The direction of planetary environment sciences: Current and future activities of observational and modeling studies
KASABA, Yasumasa1∗ ; MIYOSHI, Yoshizumi2 ; TERADA, Naoki1 ; IMAMURA, Takeshi3
1

Tohoku Univ., 2 STEL, Nagoya Univ., 3 ISAS/JAXA

Study of planetary environment aims the comparative and systematic understanding of PLANETARY ATMOSPHERE, covering from terrestrial planets and satellites (Earth, Mars, Venus, Mercury, Europa/Ganymede, Enceladus/Titan, ...), outer planets(Jupiter, Saturn, ...), interplanetary space, to exoplanets.
All planets have their ATMOSPHERE. Here, the word ATMOSPHERE covers all altitude range from tropospheres, stratspheres, mesospheres, thermospheres, exospheres, to magnetospheres, which are physically and chemically connected to theplanets. In lower altitude, neutral is major component, and affeted by the phenomena occured at the planetary surface and interior. In upper altitude, plasma is major, connecting to sun and interplanetary space and affected by them. Planetary gravity,
temperature, history, sea/crustal activity, etc. produce different atomspheres. The various physics and chemical processes decide
the planetary environment. It is like ’the major terrestrial environment problems are our atmospheric issues.’
Our studies are systematically promoted by the pioneering tool and method. The former includes new instruments and own
groundbased facilities. The latter covers state of art numerical codes and analytical tools. Based on these activities, we canrealize new space missions by JAXA and contribute to world-wide planetary explorations by other space agencies. It is the basisof long-standing research and education capabilities of our field with active international collaborations.
In last Feb, JAXA requested space science communities to submit the future target, strategy, and process document. Related
to the planetary environment sciences, two visions are shown: One is Solar-Terrestrial-Planetary Environment Field (from Upper
atmospheric science group of Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences [SGEPSS]). The other is Planetary and Solar System Field (from Japanese Society of Planetary Sciences). Both documents are based on their recent long-term
vision formed by long discussions, and include the reality of JAXA space missions in next two decades. It is the first version,and expected the revisions year by year.
This paper will discuss the parts related to the planetary environment sciences involved in both visions, and also involve thepossible directions of ground-based and modeling activities. It is not realistic that our domestic community can cover whole
related fields by our resources and limited launch and human resource capabilities. We need to find ’a better way’ (it might not
be the best, but), to enhance the strong core points and to enlarge the wings to wider fields. It means a kind of ’selection andconcentration’, but we should create the ambitious ships which can convey larger number of multi-field scientists and enhance
the interaction between them. We try to draw an additional line for the discussion in the community.

1/1U06-20

Room:105

Time:May 24 17:15-17:35

Solar Activity Cycles, Their Long-Term Variations, and the Earth’s Environment
SAKURAI, Takashi1∗
1

National Astronomical Observatory of JapanThe Sun affects the environment of the Earth in several ways, through electromagnetic radiation of diverse wavelengths, highenergy particles, the solar wind and its variations including CMEs (coronal mass ejections), and so on. How short timescale events
like solar flares and CMEs disturb the Earth environment is the topic of space weather research. Although detailed processes
are complex and yet to be studied further, our understanding has advanced significantly in these decades, particularly by in situ
observations with satellite-borne instruments. On the other hand, longer timescale variations in the Sun and their influence on
the Earth environment are less well understood, partly because of longer timescales involved and smaller amplitudes in suchvariations. This paper considers such space climate research.
The idea of possible variations in total solar irradiance (TSI) and their relationship with climate change dates back to the 19th
century. The Smithsonian Institution conducted an extensive program of measuring TSI from the ground (from high mountains)for more than 60 years starting at the beginning of the 20th century. They claimed solar cycle related change in TSI, but nowadays
it is considered as due to incomplete compensation of atmospheric changes. The first conclusive evidence of solar cycle changes
in TSI came from satellite-borne radiometers in the 1980s. The TSI changes in phase with the sunspot number, which was not anaive outcome from the darkness of sunspots. Now the enhancement in TSI during the sunspot cycle maximum is understood as
due to numerous bright points (faculae), whose positive contributions to TSI overwhelm the negative contributions from sunspots.
Shorter wavelength radiations (UV and X-rays) change in larger amplitudes with the solar cycle; a few tens of percent in the
UV and more than ten times in X-rays. Changes in UV are important in the photo-chemistry of the upper atmosphere of the Earth.
Spectral irradiance in the UV was measured with satellite-borne radiometers since 1990s, but the measurements are difficult inmaintaining the accuracy due to instrumental degradation.
Before 1980s there were no direct records of total or spectral irradiance variations. Therefore one makes use of proxies toinvestigate such changes. Optical imaging observations of the solar chromosphere in the H-alpha and Ca K lines might beutilized for this purpose. The longest data samples are those of Greenwich and Kodaikanal (India) since 1904. NAOJ has datafrom 1917 and they are all digitized. Radio emissions (F10.7 of Ottawa since 1947, four frequency radiometers of Toyokawa
since 1951) and airglow data (since IGY) can also be utilized.
The solar cycle is believed to be maintained by the so-called MHD dynamo process. Solar internal rotation derived fromhelioseismology, and numerical simulation of fluid motions in the Sun’s convection zone have greatly advanced our understandingof the dynamo process. Observationally the data available were limited to sunspots (since 1610) and magnetic flux distributions
measured with magnetographs (since 1950s). Starting 1980s the magnetic field vectors in active regions have been measured
and led to the hemispheric sign rule of magnetic helicity; negative helicity in the northern hemisphere and positive helicity in thesouthern hemisphere (although with large dispersion). This property gives a crucial constraint on the so-called alpha-mechanismin the dynamo. Recently we claimed (Hagino and Sakurai, 2005) that the hemispheric sign rule of helicity tends to be violated
near sunspot activity minimum, and its implication on the dynamo process and on the amplitude of the forthcoming activity
cycles will be discussed.

Keywords: Sun, sunspots, solar cycle, total solar irradiance, dynamo mechanism, magnetic field observation

1/1

U06-21

Room:105

Time:May 24 17:35-17:55

On the new solar-terrestrial institute
TSUNETA, Saku1∗
1

ISAS/JAXA

Without the Sun, it is impossible for the Earth to harbor present life-friendly environment. A highly-developed civilizationoccasionally suffers from large solar flares. With Kepler data, Shibata et al. indicated that Sun-like stars are prone to produce
super flares, significantly affecting our life and civilization on Earth, and estimated the non-negligible probability of such events.
For the purpose of flare forecast, multiple countries including Japan are committed to space weather forecast. Indeed, Japan has
launched 3 excellent solar observation satellites Hinotori, Yohkoh and Hinode, and contributed to develop a forecast algorithm
as represented in the research by Kusano et al.
On another front, in a longer time scale, recent studies show that solar variation, typified by increase and decrease of sunspots,
can impact the Earth’s climate in significant ways. There is a record of global cooling during the Maunder Minimum occurred
between 1645 and 1715 when very few sunspots were observed. Furthermore, measuring the captured isotopes in tree rings andice cores from the polar zone can presume the number of sunspots in pre-telescopic era. This shows that Maunder Minimum-like
episodes have occurred more than several times in past 10,000 years, and it is certain that there was decrease in the ocean temperature during the period. Today, it is established that solar variation has a significant effect on terrestrial climate.
It was as early as 1970’s when solar observations in space revealed the surprising fact that the solar constant (the total radiationenergy received from the Sun per unit of time per unit of area), which was considered to be unchanging, is actually changing
by 0.15%. The Sun is slightly brighter at the time of solar maximum where large number of sunspots appears, and it is slightly
darker at solar minimum where sunspots diminish. This variance in irradiance is caused by subtle balance between dark sunspots
and accompanying bright faculae which consist of flux tube. Overall, the faculae brighten the Sun more than sunspots darken it,
therefore the Sun is brighter when large number of sunspots appear. Variance in solar constant significantly correlate with terrestrial average temperature, and 0.1 % variance in irradiance induce approximately 0.12 degrees Celsius of change in temperature.
Was the Sun darker during Maunder Minimum? If that is not the case, another mechanism is necessary to link solar variation andterrestrial climate.
Solar magnetic field is filled into interplanetary space, and it shields the Earth from cosmic radiation. When such shield issignificant, the amount of cosmic radiation reaching the Earth decreases, and when the Sun is inactive the cosmic radiation increases. Some researches argue that the amount of cosmic radiation give impact on global environment.
It is has been discussed that the cause of the global warming accelerated in past 50 years is to be ascribed to the greenhouseeffect, while the Sun is secondary element. Timely, the observation by the Japanese solar physics satellite Hinode shows thatboth polar regions are in homo-polarity, and there is a sign of significant and rapid decrease in magnetic flux of the Sun.
These facts clearly show that the comprehensive multidisciplinary research institute focusing on solar dynamo to geo-space
and terrestrial environment is urgently required. Integrating the Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, and Center for Chronological Research of Nagoya University into one research institute, and making
systematic and comprehensive approach to solar-earth-planetary science that is becoming more and more important is very timely
also from the international perspective. I would like to express high degree of respect for the decision made by those who areconcerned.

Keywords: solar terrestrial environment

1/1

U06-P01

Room:Convention Hall

Time:May 24 18:15-19:30

Development of the solar-planetary environment studies based on inter-planetary comparisons
SEKI, Kanako1∗ ; MIZUNO, Akira1 ; HIRAHARA, Masafumi1 ; ABE, Fumio1 ; MIYOSHI, Yoshizumi1 ;UMEDA, Takayuki1 ; NAKAJIMA, Tac1 ; TOKUMARU, Munetoshi1 ; IMAMURA, Takeshi2 ; MAEZAWA, Hiroyuki3 ;TERADA, Naoki4 ; SUZUKI, Takeru5 ; YOKOYAMA, Takaaki6 ; MATSUOKA, Ayako2 ; YAMAZAKI, Atsushi2 ;YOSHIKAWA, Ichiro7 ; KASABA, Yasumasa3 ; FUJIMOTO, Masaki2
1

STEL, Nagoya University, 2 ISAS, JAXA, 3 Department of Physical Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 4 Graduate School of
Science, Tohoku University, 5 Department of Physics, Nagoya University, 6 School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7 Departmentof Complexity Science and Engineering, University of Tokyo
The sphere of influence of the planet, from the planetary surface to the vicinity space, is referred to as a ”planetosphere”. How
this planetosphere has been evolved in response to the evolution of the sun is one of important outstanding problems. Closely related to this question, researches of the solar evolution, planetary atmospheric outflows, and planetary meteorology, are rapidly inprogress. In this presentation, we introduce a plan of researches and infrastructure development for them to apply our knowledge
about the current geosphere to studies of planetospheres based on inter-planetary comparison. In this study, interdisciplinary
studies to apply our knowledge of planets in our solar system to exoplanets are also promoted. In addition, it is planned topromote the study of the evolution of the sun. For this purpose, we utilize new observations by MOA, MAVEN, ALMA, Hisaki,
Akatsuki, BepiColombo, and JUICE. A unique approach for the exoplanet search and solar wind estimation at planetary orbits
in cooperation with 3D heliosphere project also consist of important parts of this study.
Keywords: planet, exoplanet, solar wind, evolution, solar-planetary system, interdisciplinary

1/1

U06-P02

Room:Convention Hall

Time:May 24 18:15-19:30

Radiocarbon dating of ancient Japanese document and calligraphy
ODA, Hirotaka1∗ ; IKEDA, Kazuomi2 ; YASU, Hiroaki3 ; SAKAMOTO, Shoji41

Center for Chronological Research, Nagoya University, 2 Faculty of Letters, Chuo University, 3 taga High School, 4 Degital
Archives Research Center, Ryukoku University
1. Introduction
The purpose of this study is show that radiocarbon dating is a useful method to determine written age of ancient Japanese
document and calligraphy. Therefore, we measured radiocarbon ages of ancient documents, sutras and books of known age by
accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS).
Kohitsugire are ancient paper sheets or fragments containing elegant calligraphy. They were originally pages of ancientmanuscripts. The old manuscripts written before the 14th century hardly remain as complete books; therefore, kohitsugire potentially has high academic value. However, among kohitsugire attributed to famous calligraphists, many copies and counterfeits
written several centuries later are in circulation. Therefore, in this study, we measured radiocarbon ages of kohitsugire by AMS.
In the first, we measured ancient documents, sutras and books of known age for check of the method. Then, we applied tokohitsugire calligraphies of unknown age to determine their historical ages and academic value.
2. Experimental
Paper samples were cut from the margins of ancient document or kohitsugire. A kohitsugire is commonly mounted on otherpaper sheets that form a lining. The samples were soaked in distilled water to peel the surface sheet of the calligraphy fromthe mounts. The surface sheets were first washed in distilled water with an ultrasonic cleaner and then treated with 1.2N HCl
and 1.2N NaOH solutions (60-70o C). After re-treating with 1.2N HCl and rinsing with distilled water, they were combusted
using CuO (850o C, 3h) to form CO2 . The CO2 was reduced to graphite by H2 (650o C, cat-Fe, 6h). The radiocarbon ages were
measured by AMS.
3. Results and discussion: the known-age documents
The results of the known-age documents, sutras and books were plotted on the calibration curve. The obtained radiocarbon
ages of the documents correspond to the paleographical ages. Although ancient Japanese paper can be considered as a wooden
sample, it was made from short-lived branches of trees. In addition, old paper is not used for calligraphy because it repels India
ink and is unsuitable for elegant handwriting. The result indicates that ancient Japanese paper is suitable for radiocarbon dating.
4. Results and discussion: kohitsugire calligraphies
We applied to kohitsugire of unknown age to clarify their historical ages and academic value. An example is kohitsugire
attributed to Nakatomi no Kamatari (614-669). However, radiocarbon dating indicated that it was written in the 14th century andis not his genuine handwriting.
Ganjin(688-763) is a priest of China. He brought Japan many Buddhist sutra, Buddha statues, medicine and spice in 753.
Especially an important thing is the Shibunritsu sutra of 60 volumes which described commandments and organizational operation of temple. At present, the Shibunritsu sutra of 16 volumes that are said for Ganjin to have brought are stored in Shosoin.
Radiocarbon dating is destructive analysis. It, therefore, cannot be applied to Sutra stored in Shosoin directly. Kohitsugire is a
fragment of ancient calligraphy. They were cut from an ancient book or roll of sutras. We obtained a kohitsugire considered tohave been cut from Shibunritsu stored in Shosoin. Microscope observation and bibliographical consideration clarified that thekohitsugire is rightly fragment of the Shibunritsu stored in Shosoin. Radiocarbon dating of the kohitsugire indicated that it was
written before the Ganjin visit to Japan. This result shows that possibility that the kohitsugire and Shibunritsu of Shosoin werebrought by Ganjin is very high. This study using microscope observation, bibliographical consideration and radiocarbon dating
indicated that indirectly radiocarbon dating can be applied for samples to which destructive analysis could not be originally applied.

Keywords: Histrical age, Ancient Japanese document, Ancient Japanese calligraphy, Radiocarbon Dating

1/1

U06-P03

Room:Convention Hall

Time:May 24 18:15-19:30

Laboratory and observational studies of properties of aerosols related to climate change
NAKAYAMA, Tomoki1∗ ; MATSUMI, Yutaka1
1

Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University

Aerosol particles originated from a variety of natural and anthropogenic sources. Primary particles emitted directly to theatmosphere as liquids or solids, while secondary particle formed by nucleation and condensation of precursor gases as well as
through reactions in cloud droplets. These particles influence Earth’s radiation balance both directly by absorbing and scatteringsolar radiation and indirectly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN).
Black carbon (BC) is considered to be the most potent light absorbing material in the visible region of the spectrum. In
addition, light absorbing organic carbon (brown carbon or BrC) may also act as sources of significant absorption, especially inthe ultraviolet and shorter visible wavelength regions. The optical properties of such particles depend on wavelength, particle size,
shape, morphology, and complex refractive index (or chemical composition). Recently, cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS)
and photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) have been used for direct in-situ measurements of extinction and absorption coefficientsof particles suspended in air. We have applied these techniques to observational studies of optical properties of BC and BrC
and to laboratory studies of optical properties of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) generated from a variety of biogenic andanthropogenic volatile organic compounds and those of diesel exhaust particles.
Hygroscopicity is also an important property of aerosols to estimate their direct and indirect effects on the radiation balance.
We have measured relative humidity dependence of extinction coefficients using a custom built two channel CRDS system to
examine the hygroscopicity of aerosols. In addition, we have involved in several observation campaigns to detect new particle
formation events, which have been recognized as an important processes contributing to CCN formation. These studies on the
optical and physicochemical properties of aerosols have been conducted in collaboration with many groups in Japan. In thispresentation, our recent studies will be overviewed and the future perspective on possible collaborations with other groups withdifferent specialties will be discussed.

Keywords: Aerosol, Optical property, Hygroscopicity, New particle formation, Climate change

1/1U06-P04

Room:Convention Hall

Time:May 24 18:15-19:30

New seamless science of hydrologic - biogeochemical cycles on the Earth surface
HIYAMA, Tetsuya1∗ ; KUMAGAI, Tomo’omi1 ; FUJINAMI, Hatsuki1
1

Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University

Land - atmosphere interface on the Earth surface is where humans primarily operate. In the Anthropocene, human activities
modify the land surface in many ways that influence the fluxes of water, energy, and trace gases between land and the atmosphere.
Such land ? atmosphere interactions are primarily important for the current climate change. On the other hands, solar activity
seems to have secondary effect for the long-term climate change in the Quaternary period including the Holocene. However, notmuch is known on the effect of solar activity to the climate change as well as precise mechanisms of solar - climate system in thisperiod. In this presentation, we will discuss on how researches of hydrologic - biogeochemical cycles relate to those of climatechanges induced by solar - human activities.

Keywords: hydrologic cycle, biogeochemical cycle, solar activity, human activity, climate change

1/1U06-P05

Room:Convention Hall

Time:May 24 18:15-19:30

Importance of integrated data analysis in the Sun-Earth system science
MIYOSHI, Yoshizumi1∗ ; SEKI, Kanako1 ; KUSANO, Kanya1 ; MASUDA, Satoshi1 ; MACHIDA, Shinobu1 ;IEDA, Akimasa1 ; IMADA, Shinsuke1 ; UMEDA, Takayuki1 ; HORI, Tomoaki1 ; MIYASHITA, Yukinaga1 ;KEIKA, Kunihiro1 ; SHOJI, Masafumi1 ; SHIOTA, Daikou1 ; SHINOHARA, Iku2 ; TAKASHIMA, Takeshi2 ;MATSUOKA, Ayako2 ; ASAMURA, Kazushi2
1

Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, 2 ISAS/JAXAThe Sun-Earth system including the solar atmosphere, interplanetary space, magnetosphere, ionosphere, and atmosphere havebeen studied with various kinds of observations. The satellite and ground-based observations have provided dynamical variations
occurred in the Sun-Earth system. In spite of the abundant observational data being distributed recently, overall processes of thevariations are not comprehensively understood until the integrated data analysis taking full advantage of using many kinds ofthe observation data is realized. So far, the integrated data analysis needs several steps to realize truly ubiquitous for the solarterrestrial physics community. For example, gathering data files archived at different places in the world wide and combining thedata in different formats is quite bothersome and could make researchers lose their motivation. However, the recent developmentof computer network makes it possible to access the online databases via the internet. The common data formats, such as FITS
and CDF, have been increasingly popular in the recent data archives, which paves the way for the users to concentrate theirefforts into the data analysis itself, without the detail knowledge of the file format. The Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory(STEL), Nagoya University has started the Hinode science center in collaboration with ISAS/JAXA and NAO, and the ERG
science center operated by STEL/Nagoya Univeristy and ISAS/JAXA. As one of the important functions for the science centers,
we have developed and promoted the database with the standard data format and the integrated data analysis system to gain thescience output through the integrated data analysis. Besides the observation data, it is essential to understand the phenomena
quantitatively in combination with the simulation data, and the science centers have developed data-assimilation techniques andintegrated analysis tools combining the simulation data. In this presentation, we show our activities at the Hinode/ERG Science
center at Nagoya University and discuss the possible role of the science center as a leading center for the community projects.
Keywords: Sun-Earth System Science, integrated data analysis, ERG, Hinode1/1

U06-P06

Room:Convention Hall

Time:May 24 18:15-19:30

Ground-Based Network Observations of the Upper Atmosphere using Optical and Radio
Instruments
OTSUKA, Yuichi1∗ ; SHIOKAWA, Kazuo1
1

Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University

We are carrying out routine observations of airglow using Optical Mesosphere Thermosphere Imagers (OMTIs) to investigate
the dynamics of the mesosphere, thermosphere, and ionosphere at an altitude of 80-350 km. The OMTIs consist of five skyscanning Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPIs), 13 all-sky CCD imagers, three tilting photometers, a spectral airglow temperature
imager (SATI), and three airglow temperature photometers to measure two-dimensional airglow images and neutral winds andtemperatures. The OMTIs are located at several key points around the world: Shigaraki, Rikubetsu, and Sata in Japan; Chiang
Mai in Thailand; Darwin in Australia; Kototabang in Indonesia; Resolute Bay and Athabasca in Canada; Magadan and Paratunka
in Russia, Tromsoe in Norway, and Hawaii in U.S.A. Using these OMTI instruments, we obtained various interesting results,
e.g., finger-like aurora structures, concentric gravity waves expanding from the typhoon, and the characteristics of nighttime
medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances in the vicinity of their equatorward boundary. We are planning to install all-sky
imagers, FPIs, magnetometers, and GNSS receivers in Africa (Nigeria and Ethiopia) and Russian Far East for global observationof the upper atmosphere under the project of ”Coupling process in the solar-terrestrial system”. We also plan to install a VHF
radar at magnetic equator in Thailand to study generation mechanisms of plasma irregularities. These studies could contribute to
mitigation of ionospheric effects on GNSS and satellite communication.
Keywords: ionosphere, thermosphere, mesosphere, upper atmosphere, airglow, radar

1/1

U06-P07

Room:Convention Hall

Time:May 24 18:15-19:30

Seasonal variation of dead carbon fraction in dripwater in the Ryugashi Cave, Shizuoka
Prefecture, JapanMINAMI, Masayo1∗ ; KATO, Tomomi2 ; HORIKAWA, Keiji3 ; NAKAMURA, Toshio1
1

Center for Chronological Research, Nagoya University, 2 Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, 3 Departmentof Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Toyama University
Stalagmite is a cave deposit precipitated from dripwater. Dripwater contains some dead carbon derived from carbonatedissolved CO2 through interaction with cave bedrock limestone, which will make the 14 C ages of the stalagmite older, and soa correction of the dead carbon fraction (DCF) is needed for 14 C dating of stalagmites. In this study, we investigated seasonalvariation in 14 C in dripwater in the Ryugashi Cave, Shizuoka Prefecture, to examine the DCF stability in a stalagmite. The
results show that 14 C concentration in dripwater was different depending on the site in the Ryugashi Cave, and that the 14 C
showed similar seasonal variations at all sites: lower in fall and winter, while higher in spring and summer, though the extent of
the seasonal variations was different by site. The 14 C concentration in dripwater tended to be higher (DCF tends to be lower)
in dripwater with lower drip rate, indicating that the 14 C in dripwater was correlated with the drip rate, and also correlated with
rainfall amount around the Ryugashi Cave.
A growing stalagmite collected from a site in the Ryugashi Cave showed a roughly constant DCF (around 12%) comparedwith the 14 C with the IntCal13 calibration curve, though the DCF was slightly fluctuated in detail. The results indicate thathigh-resolution 14 C measurement can be performed on stalagmites in the Ryugashi Cave, and further that the DCF fluctuation
observed for stalagmites could give information on change of paleo-rainfall amount. Based on the scenario that the increase in
rainfall amount brings the increase in drip rate of dripwater, followed by the increase in soil-derived carbon fraction in dripwater,
further followed by the 14 C increase (DCF decrease) in dripwater, the reconstruction of precipitation could be performed using
DCF variation in a stalagmite.
Keywords: dripwater, stalagmite, radiocarbon

1/1

U06-P08

Room:Convention Hall

Time:May 24 18:15-19:30

An attempt on 14C dating of carbonate hydroxyapatite in a cremated bone
MUKUMOTO, Hikari1∗ ; MINAMI, Masayo2 ; NAKAMURA, Toshio2 ; KAGI, Hiroyuki3
1

Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University, 2 Center for Chronological Research, Nagoya University, 3 Geochemical
Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo

Bones are one of the most important materials for archaeological and paleo-environmental dating because they can directly
provide absolute dates themselves. Bone collagen, which contains bone protein that is less susceptible to chemical weathering,is commonly used for 14 C dating, but it sometimes has lost organic protein due to post-depositional chemical alternation anddiagenesis, resulting in impossibility of 14 C dating. For the bones remaining no organic component, carbonate hydroxyapatite,
an inorganic component, is useful for 14 C-measurement. However, the inorganic component in bones can easily be altered byacidic soil, and it has been considered to be unsuitable for 14 C dating. Recently, meanwhile, it is reported that 14 C dating using
carbonate hydroxyapatite is possible for cremation bones heated at a high temperature (>600 ℃). The objective of this study
is to examine the possibility of 14 C dating using carbonate hydroxyapatite in cremated bones. The samples used were crematedbones in a funerary urn, which are considered to be remains of Jokei, a Buddhist monk (AD 1155-1213). The bones had been
confirmed to be burned at high temperature, judged from the IR spectra and XRD patterns. The carbonate hydroxyapatite in six
bone fragments showed 14 C dates of 1155-1280 cal AD, which is similar with the supposed age. The result indicates that 14 C
dating using carbonate hydroxyapatite is effective when the bone sample was enough heated and well-preserved after deposition.
Keywords: bone, carbonate hydroxyapatite, radiocarbon dating

1/1

U06-P09

Room:Convention Hall

Time:May 24 18:15-19:30

Development of superconducting device for millimeter-wave atmospheric radiometer 1
NAKAJIMA, Tac1∗ ; KATO, Chihaya1 ; ITO, Makio1 ; AKIYAMA, Naoki1 ; FUJII, Yumi1 ; YAMAMOTO, Hiroaki1 ;MIZUNO, Akira1 ; KOJIMA, Takafumi2 ; FUJII, Yasunori2 ; NOGUCHI, Takashi2 ; ASAYAMA, Shin’ichiro2 ;KOZUKI, Yuto3 ; OGAWA, Hideo3 ; SAKAI, Takeshi41Nagoya University, 2 National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 3 Osaka Prefecture University, 4 The University of ElectroCommunications
Division of Atmospheric Environment in Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University is operating the millimeterwave atmospheric radiometers for long-term monitoring observation of ozone and related molecules of ozone depletion in the
middle atmosphere. These monitoring systems are installed in Rikubetsu town in Hokkaido, Atacama highland in Chile, Riogallegos in Argentina, and Syowa station in Antarctica. In order to detect the emission from atmospheric molecules with highsensitivity, we use STJ (Superconducting Tunnel Junction) device which is constructed from SIS (Superconductor-InsulatorSuperconductor) structure for receiver in the radiometers. From the last year, we have started the collaborative development of
new STJ device for atmospheric radiometers with Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan,
because the research and development of the STJ device is extremely active in the area of radio astronomy. In this presentation,
we describe the design, test production, and result of measurement properties in the laboratory of 100 GHz (wavelength ˜3 mm)band new device for observation of ozone molecular spectrum at 110 GHz.
The STJ device in 100 GHz band has been used in our radiometers as well as NANTEN2 radio telescope in Chile, 45-m
millimeter wave telescope in Nobeyama, and so on. However, these receivers are used old design STJ devices and these performances are a little worse. For example, the receiver noise temperature and gain compression at ambient temperature areapproximately 80 K and more than 10 %, respectively. It is necessary more high sensitivity and better linearity to detect anddetermine the brightness temperature of weak emission from minor molecules. Therefore, we designed the device with new
structure based on previous work (Inoue, 2011), which performances to be about 20 K of noise temperature and about 1 % ofgain compression, and also we have fabricated and tested five SIS junction array devices. As a result, we successfully developed
low noise temperature (18-25 K) devices in 100 GHz band. We will measure the gain compression, performance of intermediate
frequency, and stability of the output signal in the future, and we plan to practical use for the radiometers in Rikubetsu andRiogallegos.

Keywords: middle atmosphere, minor molecules, millimeter wave, radiometer, superconducting device, SIS mixer

1/1

U06-P10

Room:Convention Hall

Time:May 24 18:15-19:30

14C age calibration dataset based on tree rings from Japanese wood and its comparison
with IntCal13
NAKAMURA, Toshio1∗ ; MASUDA, Kimiaki2 ; MIYAKE, Fusa2 ; HAKOZAKI, Masataka1
1

Center for Chronological Research, Nagoya University, 2 Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University

Radiocarbon (14C) dating is widely applied to archeological materials and cultural properties that are sometimes closely related with historical events. In particular, 14C dating is utilized to decide whether the materials are really related with thehistorical events, and highly accurate dating of the samples is required to judge the real from the false for history-related materials. Accuracy of 14C dating results is determined largely by appropriateness in sample preparation and measurements of
14C abundance of the prepared targets, but it is also related with the procedures to obtain reliable calendar age in calibration ofsample conventional 14C age. For 14C age calibration, the IntCal13 data sets are normally used for terrestrial samples whose
carbonaceous fractions were synthesized from atmospheric CO2 in the Northern Hemisphere, while the SHCal13 data sets areused for those in the Southern Hemisphere.
The accuracy of calendar age that was obtained by calibration of 14C age with IntCal13 data sets (Reimer et al. 2013) is, however, sometimes questioned because of the possibility that 14C concentration in atmospheric CO2 may vary spatially (Imamura
et al. 2007). The calibration data sets IntCal09 are established on the basis of 14C data for tree rings grown in North America
and Europe, but do not include those for the tree rings grown in other areas, for example, in Japan, although 14C data for plant
residues from the bored cores at Lake Suigetsu, Fukui Prefecture, Japan, will be incorporated in the age range of 11.2-52.8 ka
BP in the latest calibration data sets (Bronk Ramsey et al. 2012). The Japanese archipelago is located at the eastern marginof the Asian continent in the middle or a bit lower latitude region, and the 14C concentration in atmospheric CO2 over Japan
may be lower than that at inland areas and northern locations as in North America or Europe, as the result of CO2 release to theatmosphere from the near-by ocean surface which has a lower 14C concentration, or air-mass delivery over the Pacific Ocean by
East Asian monsoon in summer season when the plants grow quickly.
To investigate the 14C concentration of atmospheric CO2 in the past few millennia over Japan, we measured 14C ages ofannual rings on a single year basis from three Japanese trees whose calendar dates range from ca. 2000 years old to present,
and compared the tree-ring 14C ages with corresponding 14C ages of IntCal13. It was revealed that 14C ages of annual rings
from Japanese trees are not consistent with IntCal13 data sets. Many 14C ages of tree rings are older than those of IntCal13, but
younger than those of SHCal13 data sets. The average shifts of Nagoya 14C ages from IntCal13 ones and one-sigma errors wereobtained to be +26+/-36, +24+/-30, +16+/-22, +5+/-21 and +14+/-22 14C years, for the intervals of AD72-382, AD589-1072,
AD1413-1615, AD1617-1739 and AD1790-1860, respectively. IntCal13 data sets are usually preferred for calibration of 14C
ages from Japanese samples, but it is revealed that SHCal13, or maybe a modified intermediate version of IntCal and SHCal, israther suitable for Japanese samples in some cases. The Japanese archipelago is situated near the boundary of the Inter-tropical
Convergence Zone in summer season, and the 14C concentration of atmospheric CO2 over Japan can be influenced by air massesof the Southern Hemisphere with lower 14C concentrations during the period of higher solar activities and magnified East Asiansummer monsoon. Our results suggest that the Japanese archipelago is located in the critical zone where it is difficult to calibrate
the 14C ages of tree ring samples collected with existing calibration data sets. At the moment, it should be noted that calibrationof 14C dates of Japanese samples with IntCal13 may induce additional systematic shifts of calibrated ages toward older ages by
about 30 years, from the sample optimum calendar ages.

Keywords: radiocarbon age, dendro-date, calendar date, solar activity, Pacific high barometric pressure, ITCZ

1/1

U06-P11

Room:Convention Hall

Time:May 24 18:15-19:30

Acceleration of high-energy particles in geospace and influence of the energetic particles
on the terrestrial atmosphere
MIZUNO, Akira1∗ ; NAGAHAMA, Tomoo1 ; MIYOSHI, Yoshizumi1 ; MACHIDA, Shinobu1 ; NOZAWA, Satonori1 ;OYAMA, Shin-ichiro1 ; IEDA, Akimasa1 ; SEKI, Kanako1 ; HIRAHARA, Masafumi1 ; MATSUBARA, Yutaka1 ;IMADA, Shinsuke1 ; MASUDA, Satoshi1 ; OGAWA, Yasunobu2 ; TSUTSUMI, Masaki2 ; NAKAMURA, Takuji2 ;TAKASHIMA, Takeshi3 ; FUJIWARA, Hitoshi4 ; KAWAHARA, Takuya5
1

Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, 2 National Institute of Polar Research, 3 Department of Space
Plasma Physics, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, 4 Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University,
5
Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University
Geospace is filled with high-energy particles. Magnetic reconnection and wave-particle interaction such as whistler-mode
wave play important roles to accelerate and produce the high-energy particles. Such high-energy particles enter the terrestrial
atmosphere along the magnetic field lines through polar regions. The precipitated energetic particles heat up and ionize theupper atmosphere, leading to increase HOx and NOx components though ion chemistry in the thermosphere, mesosphere, andeven in the upper stratosphere in some highest energy case. The HOx and NOx are well known as ozone depleting substances
through catalytic chemical reaction cycle. If the enhanced NOx are transported down to the stratosphere due to the polar vortex,
the life-time of NOx is extended and its influence on the terrestrial atmospheric environment is supposed to be not negligible.
In this sense, the solar activity is seamlessly related to the terrestrial environment. In STEL, Nagoya University, we havelaunched a new project team for this issue. The aim of this project is to understand the fundamental processes of particle
acceleration and chemical/dynamical interactions between the high-energy particles and atmospheric molecules based on satellite
observations, ground-based observations, and numerical simulations. We will utilize ground-based meteor radar, millimeterwave spectrometer, sky imager, sodium lidar, and satellite ERG in order to obtain a comprehensive view of the solar forcing
on the terrestrial environment in connection with the high-energy particles. In addition, we will collaborate with UCLA and
LASP/UBC to handle the dataset obtained by Van Allen Probes for radiation belt, THEMIS, MMS for magnetosphere, SDO
for Sun under the framework of JSPS program for Advancing Strategic International Networks to Accelerate the Circulation of
Talented Researchers. In this presentation, we will discuss more detailed plan and strategy of this project.
Keywords: particle acceleration, environmental change, Aeronomy, solar physics, atmospheric chemistry

1/1

U06-P12

Room:Convention Hall

Time:May 24 18:15-19:30

New perspectives of space weather forecast
MACHIDA, Shinobu1∗ ; SEKI, Kanako1 ; MASUDA, Satoshi1 ; IEDA, Akimasa1 ; IMADA, Shinsuke1 ;KUSANO, Kanya1 ; MIYOSHI, Yoshizumi1 ; UMEDA, Takayuki1
1

Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University

The study of space weather forecast has a great importance since numerous satellites are orbiting around the earth providing
necessary infrastructure to our society, and also the international space station cruses around the earth carrying astronauts who
conduct various observations and experiments in the space. To prevent accidents caused by such as spacecraft discharge, destruction of electronic devices by high-energy particles, radiation exposure of the astronauts, the study of the space weather forecast
is quite significant.
In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to conduct researches on explosive events such as CMEs or solar flares on thesun, the nonlinear evolution of the solar wind and a resultant shock formation, the interaction between the solar wind andthe magnetosphere, the driving mechanisms of substorms and magnetic storms, production of high-energy particles in the inner magnetosphere. Also, various elementary processes associated with those phenomena, such as the magnetic reconnection,
Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, the cyclotron instability, other various plasma instabilities, and interactions between waves andparticles should be studied.
Currently, we are promoting the development of Geospace Environment Modeling System for Integrated Studies (GEMSIS)
aiming at realizing an accurate space weather forecast at our division of STE laboratory as one of the flagship projects of thelaboratory.
However, to make the forecast of the space weather far more accurate, it is necessary to accelerate the studies on the predictions of the solar wind evolution, the fluxes of the solar proton and cosmic rays, the auroral activity, the ring current intensity,
the flux of radiation belt particles, and more fundamentally the solar dynamo, appropriately employing advanced technologies instatistical mathematics as well as super computing.
In the new division for integrated studies which will be constructed at the time of newly organizing the laboratory, we will try
not only to establish firm and universal methods of space weather forecast, but also to make innovative findings and establish a
new guiding principle in the field of space and earth environmental study.

Keywords: space weather forecast, sun, magnetosphere, geospace, elementary plasma process

1/1U06-P13

Room:Convention Hall

Time:May 24 18:15-19:30

A plan of tree-ring isotopic analyses in Japan for SPE searching during the past 5300
years
HAKOZAKI, Masataka1∗ ; NAKAMURA, Toshio1 ; KIMURA, Katsuhiko2 ; NAKATSUKA, Takeshi3 ; MIYAKE, Fusa4 ;MASUDA, Kimiaki4
1

Center for Chronological Research, Nagoya University, 2 Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, 3 ResearchInstitute for Humanity and Nature, 4 Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University
Tree-ring isotopic analyses has achieved remarkable technical innovation in recent years, and it’s becoming capable of acquisition of high-resolution proxy data for explication of the universe global environment in the past. In this session, we show a planof the tree-ring isotopic analyses of the Japanese tree during the past 5300 years for exploration range expansion of Solar Particle
Event (in the following, SPE).
We established four floating chronologies during about 3700-5300 years ago using dendrochronology (based on ring-width)
and radiocarbon dating in Japan. Composition wood samples of these chronologies are very valuable because the wood sample
before 3000 years ago is very little in the northeast Asia including Japan.
We’re planning oxygen isotope analyses for dendrochronological dating of these samples. Nakatsuka and Kimura has beenbuilding oxygen isotope master-chronology using the buried forest and the archeological woods, which has reached until about
4300 years ago recently. Our floating chronologies are overlapped about 600 years this master-chronology. Therefore when using
oxygen isotope data for a parameter of the cross-dating, we expect a possibility that date of our chronology is decided.
We use sample to which a calendar date was decided for radiocarbon measurement. We get the proxy data which reconstructs
solar activity in the past 5300 years by this measurement and consider the periodicity of SPE.
Keywords: tree-rings, oxygen isotopic ratio, SPE

1/1

U06-P14

Room:Convention Hall

Time:May 24 18:15-19:30

Cosmic-ray physics as a seamless science
MASUDA, Kimiaki1∗
1

STE Lab., Nagoya University

Cosmic rays are high-energy radiation flying in extra-terrestrial space. Particularly those coming from extra-heliosphere arecalled the galactic cosmic-rays and have a energy spectrum ranging over a broad region of 108 eV to 1020 eV. Among the galactic
cosmic-rays, charged particles reach the earth being affected by magnetic fields in the space. The flux of charged particles withthe kinetic energy less than 10 GeV/n are modulated by solar magnetic activity. The cosmic rays entering the earth’s atmosphereinteract with earth’s atmospheric atomic nuclei and produce secondary particles called the air shower. For high energy region, bydetection of air showers using various methods and comparison with simulation results, original particle energy and its species
are determined. On the other hand, the secondary particles produce atmospheric ions through atomic-molecular interaction byionization process, and then form atmospheric electric field and relate production of aerosol particles and cloud condensation
nucleation.
Three subjects in the cosmic-ray study are (a) mechanism of acceleration and production, (b) nature of cosmic-ray particles
themselves and (c) propagation and relation to the sun and the earth in neighboring environment. Here, two detailed topics
connected from the space to the solar-terrestrial environment are introduced.
The frequency of cosmic-rays around the highest energy is less than 1 particle/km2 /year. Good statistical detection with such
low frequency needs an extensive observation site. In the measurements of primary cosmic ray energy and nuclear species,
florescence detection of air showers originated by cosmic rays and extended sampling detection of air shower particles at the
ground are used together with simulations. However, particularly for ultra-high energy regions, hadron interaction models usedin simulations have not yet verified and this uncertainty gives large systematic errors for determination of cosmic ray energy andspecies of nuclei. We are carrying out a verification experiment (LHCf collaboration) at LHC, which is a particle accelerator
with the highest energy in the world. We have obtained good results up to the energy of 1017 eV equivalent with proton-proton
collisions. In order to apply to the real air shower, collision experiments of proton-light nucleus (nitrogen, oxygen, etc.) and lightnucleus-light nucleus to iron nucleus are needed.
Cosmic-ray particles entering the earth initiate nuclear interactions with atmospheric atomic nuclei and produce many secondary particles. These secondary cosmic-rays create atmospheric ions according to their ionization ability. It is considered thatthese ions promote the production and growth of aerosol particles, which become cloud condensation nuclei in the atmosphere.
We are trying to verify the correlation between the time variations in the cosmic-ray intensity measured by neutron monitors at
the ground and the earth’s low-altitude cloud cover, by a chamber experiment with artificial radiation sources.
Cosmic rays reach the earth surface from the space far away through the heliosphere and the earth’s atmosphere, and interact
with each region. It is necessary to consider such broad regions connecting seamlessly.
We have conducted the study on elementary process on cosmic-ray interactions with earth’s atmosphere and verification of its
relation to global climate, and would like to clarify the seamless process through the cosmic-rays. In this talk, we introduce thedetails of these studies.

Keywords: cosmic ray, the sun, earth’s atmosphere, hadron interaction, ion-induced nucleation

1/1

U06-P15

Room:Convention Hall

Time:May 24 18:15-19:30

Observational study of the solar wind expanding from the Sun beyond the Earth and to
the interstellar medium
TOKUMARU, Munetoshi1∗ ; FUJIKI, Ken’ichi1
1

Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University

All planets in our solar system are engulfed by a supersonic plasma flow from the Sun, called the solar wind, and makeceaseless interaction with the flow. In the case of the Earth which has a magnetic field, the magnetosphere is formed in its
neighborhood, and the Earth’s atmosphere does not directly interacts with the solar wind. Even for such a protected environment
with the magnetic barrier, violent fluctuations of the solar wind cause significant influences on the near-Earth space environment
and upper atmosphere. Since these influences sometimes endanger the space system and the social infrastructure including
telecommunications, efforts to improve our understanding of physical processes in the Sun-Earth system are extensively made toenable reliable predictions (research for space weather forecast). In particular, precise understanding of the solar wind is crucial
for achieving the space weather forecast. Effects by the solar activity is observed not only in the Earth’s upper atmosphere but also
in the near-surface environment, and some mechanisms which assume the solar wind plays a role to connect between them areproposed. The solar wind expanding beyond the Earth orbit encounters the interstellar medium, and causes intense interactions
there. The region formed through this interaction, called the heliosphere, has a dimension as large as 100 AU. Recently, spacecraft(Voyager-1,2) reached the boundary of the heliosphere, and are providing in situ data in the unexplored region of the interstellar
space. This boundary region of the heliosphere located far away is not disconnected with the Earth’s environment. Namely, thelarge-scale structure of the heliosphere strongly influences the propagation of galactic cosmic rays coming to the Earth. Here,it should be noted that a drastic change of the solar wind is in progress being accompanied with the marked decline in the solar
activity, and as the result the heliosphere is expected to shrink globally. Thus, one can clarify the hidden process in the Sun-Earthcoupling by investigating the relation between the current solar activity and change of the Earth’s environment. The solar windobservations using interplanetary scintillation (IPS) have been conducted over a long period at the Solar-Terrestrial Environment
Laboratory of Nagoya University. Large-aperture UHF-band radio telescopes located at three observatories in Japan are used
for the IPS observations, and obtained data enable accurate determination of global distribution of the solar wind. Number ofcollaboration studies with domestic and oversea researchers have been made using our IPS data, which are quite unique in theworld space community. Three-dimensional properties of the heliosphere evolving drastically with the solar activity, propagation
dynamics of disturbances associated with eruptive events, and enigmatic mechanism for the solar wind acceleration investigatedthrough our collaboration researches. We intend to elucidate the solar wind variation caused by the peculiar solar activity and its
influence to the Earth’s environment from further IPS observations.
Keywords: solar wind, interplanetary scintillation, solar cycle, heliosphere, space weather

1/1

U06-P16

Room:Convention Hall

Time:May 24 18:15-19:30

Research of past solar activity by using cosmogenic nuclides
MIYAKE, Fusa1∗
1

Institute for Advanced Research (Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory), Nagoya University

Cosmogenic nuclides, such as 14 C and 10 Be, are produced by cosmic rays which enter to the Earth. These nuclides areaccumulated in tree-rings and ice sheets, respectively. We can investigate the past cosmic ray intensity by measuring the content
of these nuclides in archive samples. Also the content of the cosmogenic nuclides can figure out the past solar activity because
the cosmic ray intensity to the Earth is modulated by the solar geomagnetic activity.
The IntCal dataset, which is a sequence of 14 C content data with 10-yr resolution for over this 10,000 years, shows the pastsolar activity. Yearly 14 C content data have also been examined, mainly for grand solar minima. From these annual 14 C content
measurements, it has been suggested that the length of the Schwabe cycle increased during some grand solar minima. However,the Sporer Minimum does not show this negative correlation between the solar activity and the Schwabe cycle length. Then weneed additional 14 C data for longer periods.
On the other hand, if a severe SPE (Solar Proton Event) had occurred in the past, it would be possible that the content of thecosmogenic nuclides increase suddenly with an increase of the incoming cosmic ray intensity with a short time. We found twosuch events in AD774-775 and in AD993-994 by an annual measurement of 14 C content. Also there are signatures of these
cosmic ray events in the 10 Be concentration data. It is possible that a cause of these events is a severe SPE. If such eventsoccur now, it inflicts heavy damage on modern society. Then, it is important to investigate an occurrence rate and a pattern ofoccurrence of severe SPEs, and we expect that annual 14 C measurement will figure out such things.
We are planning the annual 14 C content measurement for this 10,000 years using Japanese wood samples (this 5,000 years)
and North American wood samples (this 10,000 years). In this presentation, I will be talking about the plan of the 14 C content
measurement for the research about the past solar periodic activity and the severe SPE occurrence. Add to this, I will be
introducing an outlook of a 10 Be content measurement which will show us a history of solar activity for a prolonged period.

Keywords: solar activity, cosmogenic nuclide

1/1

U06-P17

Room:Convention Hall

Time:May 24 18:15-19:30

Space plasma acceleration and geospace phenomena due to the energy/sphere couplings
elucidated by in-situ observations
HIRAHARA, Masafumi1∗
1

Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University

The terrestrial ionosphere and magnetosphere in the polar regions are directly coupled each other through the field-aligned
plasma particle transport and the plasma wave propagation basically along the geomagnetic field lines. The field-aligned currents are also carried mainly by the thermal and energetic electrons originating from the ionosphere and the magnetosphere,
corresponding to the downward and upward current directions, respectively. The plasma motions widely drived in the magnetized space produce the electric fields due to the magnetohydro dynamics. This global electric field distribution by the plasma
convection/circulation is regarded as sources of the plasma acceleration and the other types of the space plasma activities in thevicinity of the Earth. For instance, these properties of the space plasmas in the Geospace are the direct causes of the auroral
activities, which means that the space plasma dynamics significantly affect the upper neutral atmosphere and hence stimulate theheating and the disturbances. These coupling processes could sometimes influence the upper atmospheric environment in the
mid-latitude regions. It has also been revealed that the ionospheric plasmas are important for the magnetospheric dynamics in the
Geospace through the upflowing mechanisms and the escape processes of the accelerated ionospheric plasmas at high latitudes
and their density contributions, for instance, to the plasmasphere and the ring current region in the inner magnetosphere. The
ionospheric plasmas are considered to be one of the most crucial elements controlling the magnetospheric plasma activities. In
addition to the projection and/or propagation of the electromagnetic effects mentioned above, it should be noted that the plasmatransport processes among the various regions in the Geospace including the ionosphere and the magnetosphere are fundamental
for the space plasma dynamics, and these processes are called the sphere couplings in the Geospace. On the other hand, it is
the wave-particle interaction in the space plasma to dominate the energy transfer among the different types of plasma population
distributing almost isolatedly in several energy ranges because these plasmas in the topside ionosphere and the magnetosphere
are essentially collision-free. In order to address these plasma dynamics in terms of the wave-particle interaction and the energy coupling, in-situ observations based on spacecraft explorations are playing the most fundamental role for the space plasma
physics and the solar-terrestrial physics. While a number of the satellite/spacecraft mission have been carried out by the Japanesecommunity and the overseas research agencies, we should recognize that it is not prevailing to cover the wide energy/frequency
ranges of the plasma particles and waves and quantitatively investigate the energy transfer between the particles and the waves
by using direct measurement techniques realizing high time resolution.
In this presentation, we introduce the previous and current space exploration missions performed mainly by our Japanese community, and also discuss the significance and the future perspectives of the in-situ observations which would bring us with more
direct physical clues for the space plasma dynamics and the Geospace environment.
Keywords: space plasma, particle acceleration, Geospace, in-situ observation, space exploration mission, coupling process

1/1U06-P18

Room:Convention Hall

Time:May 24 18:15-19:30

Aircraft observation on mesoscale and microphysical processes in a mesoscale convective
system and typhoon
SHINODA, Taro1∗ ; TSUBOKI, Kazuhisa1 ; KOIKE, Makoto2 ; NIINO, Hiroshi3 ; SATOH, Masaki3
1

Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University, 2 Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, 3 Atmosphereand Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo
Aircraft observations can provide high temporal and spatial information along the flight path, thus they are one of usefuland important tools for understanding earth sciences as well as ground-based and satellite observations. The MeteorologicalSociety of Japan proposed a research project entitled ”Promotion of Scientific Research on Atmosphere and Climate System
Using Aircraft” as a candidate for Master Plan of Large Research Project announced by the Japan Council of Science. Under
the project, we make a plan to conduct observations using an aircraft on the circulation and budget of the greenhouse gases,
chemical processes of various species in the troposphere, interactions between aerosols and cloud particles, and cloud microphysical processes. Aircraft observations for three-dimensional wind, temperature, humidity, and microphysical properties inand around mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and typhoons are critically useful for better understanding on the mesoscale
and microphysical processes of the phenomena. These results obtained by aircrafts as well as the data assimilation technique are
expected to improve the accuracy of numerical weather prediction for extreme phenomena.
However, few aircraft observations focused on mesoscale and microphysical processes are conducted by Japanese researchers.
We have less experiences on the aircraft observations on the field. We also have less instruments loaded on a aircraft, thus
we need to construct the instruments. For example, no research organization in Japan has a multi-channel dropsonde observation system now. It should be needed for the high spatial continuous observation on the atmospheric environment around
MCSs and typhoons. Simultaneous observations of atmospheric and oceanic profiles using a dropsonde and airborne expendable
bathythermograph (AXBT) or airborne expendable conductivity, temperature, and depth probe (AXCTD) enable us to explore
the interaction between a typhoon and sub-surface layer of the ocean. A videosonde system dropping from an aircraft should bea useful tool to observe microphysical properties in the convective region where an aircraft cannot enter by strong turbulence.
Microphysical properties obtained in MCSs and typhoons are useful information to evaluate satellite observations and numericalsimulations. In comparison with the observation results on aerosol properties, it is possible to explore the interaction between
giant cloud condensation nuclei (GCCN) such as sea salt, the warm rain process, and organization and heating profile in a MCS.
Remote sensing instruments such as lidar and polarimetric radar loaded on an aircraft should be developed. Aircraft observations
using these instruments around forming and rapidly developing typhoons give us new insight on the phenomena. Also, we haveto acquire know-how to operate aircraft observations such as the submission and acceptance of the flight plans, maintenance of
instruments and logistics support.

Keywords: Aircraft observations, typhoons, mesoscale convective systems, microphysical processes, observational instruments

1/1

U06-P19

Room:Convention Hall

Time:May 24 18:15-19:30

Observations of dynamical and chemical variations of mesosphere, thermosphere, andionosphere at the EISCAT Tromsoe site
NOZAWA, Satonori1∗ ; MIYAOKA, Hiroshi2 ; OYAMA, Shin-ichiro1 ; OGAWA, Yasunobu2 ; TSUTSUMI, Masaki2 ;SHIOKAWA, Kazuo1 ; OTSUKA, Yuichi1 ; TSUDA, Takuo3 ; KAWAHARA, Takuya4 ; SAITO, Norihito5 ;WADA, Satoshi5 ; KAWABATA, Tetsuya1 ; FUJIWARA, Hitoshi6 ; TAKAHASHI, Toru1 ; MIZUNO, Akira1 ;HALL, Chris7 ; BREKKE, Asgeir8 ; FUJII, Ryoichi1
1

STEL, Nagoya University, 2 NIPR, 3 The University of Electro-Communications, 4 Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 5 Advanced Photonics Technology Development Group, RIKEN, 6 Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University,
7
Tromsoe Geophysical Observatory, The Arctic University of Tromsoe, 8 Faculty of Science, The Arctic University of Tromsoe
We will introduce our activities at Tromsoe (69.6N, 19.2E) in northern Scandinavia, and will talk about our future plan as well.
The EISCAT radar system has been operated over 30 years, and Japan joined the EISCAT scientific association in 1996. Since
then, Japanese scientists have used the EISCAT radars to study the polar ionosphere and thermosphere. To facilitate the activities as well as extend height and horizontal coverage of observations which lead us to study the atmospheric vertical coupling
and the ionospheric currents/aurora dynamics in more detail, we have installed and operated several instruments at the EISCAT
Tromsoe site. A sodium LIDAR, an MF radar, a meteor radar, an FPI, a photometer, all-sky auroral imagers, an all-sky airglow
imager, satellite beacon receivers are under operation. By utilizing these instruments, we study several topics occurring in thepolar mesosphere/thermosphere/ionosphere. In the near future, a millimeter wave receiver for measuring minor constituent in
the stratosphere/mesosphere/lower thermosphere will be installed. Furthermore, the new EISCAT radar, so-called EISCAT 3D,
is planed.
Keywords: Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere, EISCAT radar, sodium LIDAR, polar region

1/1

U06-P20

Room:Convention Hall

Time:May 24 18:15-19:30

Development of superconducting device for millimeter-wave atmospheric radiometer 2
KATO, Chihaya1∗ ; NAKAJIMA, Tac1 ; ITO, Makio1 ; KOGA, Masako1 ; FUJII, Yumi1 ; YAMAMOTO, Hiroaki1 ;MIZUNO, Akira1 ; KOJIMA, Takafumi2 ; FUJII, Yasunori2 ; NOGUCHI, Takashi2 ; ASAYAMA, Shin’ichiro2 ;KOZUKI, Yuto3 ; HASEGAWA, Yutaka3 ; OGAWA, Hideo3
1

Nagoya University, 2 National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 3 Osaka Prefecture University

Minor atmospheric molecules radiate millimeter and sub-millimeter wave by rotation transition. Therefore, Division of Atmospheric Environment in Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University is operating the millimeter wave atmospheric radiometers, and monitoring long-term time variation and altitude distribution of minor atmospheric molecules in the
middle atmosphere. Our monitoring molecules are O3 (208.7GHz, 235.7GHz), NO(250.9GHz), and ClO(204.3GHz). We haveobservation sites in Rikubetsu town in Hokkaido, Atacama highland in Chile, Rio gallegos in Argentina, and Syowa station in
Antarctica. Moreover, we will set a new radiometer in Tromso, Norway in this year.
The capabilities of the millimeter wave radiometer are almost determined superconductivity device installed in radiometer.
Therefore, we are developing a new superconductivity SIS (Superconductor-Insulator-Superconductor) device in millimeter andsub-millimeter wavelength for our radiometers under the collaboration with Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. Especially, we are developing new device in 200 GHz band (wavelength ˜1.5 mm) for the radiometers
installed in Atacama and Tromso. Current devices can observe only limited molecules at one time, because the frequency range
is very narrow. Therefore, we have started development of high sensitive device in wide bandwidth to observe a lot of molecules
simultaneously. Specifically, we plan to make new device of which receiver noise temperature is less than 30 K from 190 to 260
GHz.
So far, we designed the transmission line for impedance matching between the feed point and SIS junction, which contains
MSL (Micro-Strip Line) and CPW (Coplanar Wave Guide), based on the analysis of electromagnetic simulator and electricalcircuit simulator. Specifically, we designed new device in 200 GHz band which was based on previously developed in 100 GHz
band (Inoue 2011), and was fixed the structure between junction to junction which cannot be considered previously. As theresult of simulation based on Tucker’s quantum theory, we have successfully designed the new device of which receiver noise
temperature is less than 30 K from 170 to 270 GHz. Now we have finished making the devices and we are measuring properties
in laboratory. Therefore, we plan to measure other devices and the results feedback to next device design.
In this presentation, we describe the design, result of measurement properties in laboratory, and prospect for mounting millimeter wave atmospheric radiometer.
Keywords: middle atmosphere, minor molecules, millimeter wave, radiometer, superconducting device, SIS mixer

1/1

U06-P21

Room:Convention Hall

Time:May 24 18:15-19:30

Development of seamless science using the SuperDARN network
NISHITANI, Nozomu1∗
1

Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University

Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) is the network of HF radars operated under the international collaboration of
12 countries. As of Feb 2015 there are 33 SuperDARN radars deployed in the high and mid latutude regions of both hemispheres.
Nagoya University has been operating SuperDARN Hokkaido Pair of (HOP) radars since 2006 and 2014. Using the radars it
is possible to explore the seamless science ranging from the sun, magnetosphere, ionosphere and the ionosphere, down to theearth’s surface. Future perspectives of the seamless science using the SuperDARN network will be discussed.
Keywords: SuperDARN, seamless science, sun, the earth’s surface, magnetosphere, ionosphere1/1

U06-P22

Room:Convention Hall

Time:May 24 18:15-19:30

Seamless study of ocean ecosystem, atmosphere and land with observation from space
ISHIZAKA, Joji1∗
1

Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University

Phytoplankton as a major primary producer in the ocean is not only important to control the ocean ecosystem and fish production but also to control material cycles such as carbon. Visible light radiated from sun passes through atmosphere and transports
to ocean, and it is absorbed and scattered by phytoplankton and other materials. Then, part of the radiation goes back to space
after radiation from the sea surface. It is now becoming possible to measure the wavelength dependency of the light (ocean color)to estimate quantity and quality of phytoplankton and other materials in the water. From the ocean color remote sensing data,
variation of phytoplankton amount in the East China Sea is clearly depended on the variation of the Changjiang river discharge,
and the high phytoplankton water reached to near Japan when the discharge was high. This is because Changjiang river water
is influenced by human activity, and contains large amount of nutrients. On the other hand, phytoplankton in the Yellow Sea isincreasing, and phytoplankton composition is also changing. Very high phytoplankton water is called red tide and influenced tohuman activity, such as aquaculture, and it is also detected by satellite. GCOM-C will be launched in 2017 and observe almost
everyday with 250m resolution, and it is expected to be used to reduce the damage of the red tide. On the other hand, Korean
geostationally ocean color sensor, GOCI, is possible to observe every one hour during the daytime, and rapid change of phytoplankton after passing the typhoon was detected. Furthermore, nutrient can be transported though atmosphere and phytoplankton
amount can be increased; however, improvement of accuracy of phytoplankton concentration is necessary because of the error
caused by the aerosol. It is expected to study seamlessly though ocean ecosystem, atmosphere and land with the ocean color
remote sensing from space.

Keywords: ocean color remote sensing, phytoplankton, river, aerosol, typhoon, ocean ecosystem

1/1

U06-P23

Room:Convention Hall

Time:May 24 18:15-19:30

SCOSTEP’s international program (2014-2018): Variability of the Sun and Its Terrestrial
Impact (VarSITI)SHIOKAWA, Kazuo1∗ ; GEORGIEVA, Katya2
1

Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, 2 Space Research and Technologies Institute, Bulgarian Academyof Sciences
During the last solar minimum, solar activity was extremely low for an extended period, and the present maximum of sunspot
cycle 24 is the lowest in the last 100 years. It is not clear what long-term solar activity variations we can expect in the future:whether this is just the end of the recent decades of high solar activity, or whether the Sun is entering a Maunder-type minimum.
Moreover, it is not clear to what extend our present understanding of how the Sun influences the geospace - which is based on
instrumental observations taken during only the period of high solar activity in the second part of the 20th century - will holdduring periods of more moderate to low solar activity that may follow. And it is still more unclear how all this would affectglobal climate change, or how important becomes the penetration of various inputs from the Earth’s lower atmosphere to theionosphere and plasmasphere. In 2014-2018 the Scientific Committee On Solar-TErrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP) operates thescientific program ”Variability of the Sun and Its Terrestrial Impact” (VarSITI) which will focus on the recent and expected
future solar activity and its consequences for the Earth, for various time scales from the order of thousands years to milliseconds,
and for various locations and their connections from the solar interior to the Earth’s atmosphere. In order to elucidate thesevarious Sun-Earth connections, we encourage much closer communications between solar scientists (solar interior, atmosphere,
and heliosphere) and geospace scientists (magnetosphere, ionosphere, and atmosphere). Campaign observations/data analysis forparticular intervals, VarSITI web pages (http://www.varsiti.org/), mailing lists, and newsletters, are developed for this purpose.
Four scientific projects are carried out under the VarSITI program: (1) Solar Evolution and Extrema (SEE), (2) International Studyof Earth-Affecting Solar Transients (ISEST/MiniMax24), (3) Specification and Prediction of the Coupled Inner-Magnetospheric
Environment (SPeCIMEN), and (4) Role Of the Sun and the Middle atmosphere/thermosphere/ionosphere In Climate (ROSMIC).
These four projects will be carried out in collaboration with relevant satellite and ground-based missions as well as modeling
efforts to facilitate the implementation of the projects. We will also discuss the collaboration with other on-going international
projects like the UN-based space weather activities, particularly for promoting VarSITI-related science in developing countries,
and ICSU World Data System (ICSU-WDS).
Keywords: solar variability, climate change, VarSITI, international program, SCOSTEP

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U06-P24

Room:Convention Hall

Time:May 24 18:15-19:30

Space Quantum Red Shift Hypothesis and New Theory of Non-Expansion Universe
TANEKO, Akira1∗
1

SEED SCIENCE Labo.

Farther By farther from the Earth, the red-shift of the star is observed as a large value, Hubble has been reported. This
expanding universe hypothesis that the red-shift was interpreted as a Doppler effect (Big Bang) has become a accepted notion.
In the Big Bang hypothesis, total mass had been exploded at the point, The more distant light source moves away from Earth,has been explained the observed results (red-shift) in the Doppler effect. Isotropic background radiation of the universe had been
regarded as proof of the 16 billion years ago the Big Bang of relic.However, it is not possible explain the basis of causing red-shift
in the center of the earth, who began say it is unknown, has become dogma interpretation space.The expansion of space that can
not be demonstrated on the planet,it is in a strange hypothesis that can be observed in the light from the distant universe.
In Mr. M.Rowan Robinson unknown encyclopedia (1) p95, ”background radiation of energy density (distribution Profile).Is,
it is that similar to the energy distribution that was averaged gathered the light of the stars come from many galaxy. Have notfound the that how to deformation of these star light in the form of black body radiation of 2.7 degree K. It have pointed out
the fact that the profile of background radiation is similar to the wavelength distribution of the sun (Profile). It is assumed thatthe universe is closed and the law of the conservation of energy has been satisfied strictly in this hypothesis, If you can explain
the peak wavelength position of the sun other than Doppler effect, if there is a hypothesis that can explain the red-shift of thecenter of the earth, space does not need to be inflated.Light advanced beyond the universe I was assumed to be coming from the
opposite direction toward the Earth. Typical star of light energy is gradually diluted to space depending on the distance obtainedby adding the cosmic radius passing through,Traveling wave spreading, which is also conserved in the wavelength range that does
not appear quantum effect, the energy is observed to be shifted to be diluted longer wavelength side. The deviation of the lightenergy dilution and wavelength, I was interpreted as Space quantum red-shift effect. In space quantum red-shift effect centeredon the observation point of the Earth, I explained the law of Hubble and Isotropic background radiation at the same time. Total
mass is not also necessary to expansion difficulties and space to focus at one point, it becomes possible to honestly understandthe red-shift observed in the center of the earth in a stationary universe.
If the universe is closed, the inertial mass is a reaction of all the universe (attraction), and it is also the reason why the universe
is not collapse. Steady-state theory of the universe was completed here.

Keywords: Space Quantum Red Shift Hypothesis, New Theory of Non-Expansion Universe, Hubble’s Law, Runbart’ Law,
Explain of 3degree K Back graund Radiation, conservation of energy

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