Bridging Young Researchers with SDGs

UU-A

Student
Summit2024

Summit Program & Abstracts

March 4th～8th, 2024
Organized by the Organizing Committee for UU-A Student Summit 2024
in Conjunction with 7 Partner Universities

Bridging Young Researchers with the SDGs

UU-A STUDENT SUMMIT 2024
Summit Program & Abstracts
March 4th - 8th, 2024

Organized by the Organizing Committee for UU-A Student Summit 2024
in Conjunction with 7 Partner Universities- Utsunomiya University (Japan): UU- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (Kenya): JKUAT- Meru University of Science and Technology (Kenya): MUST
- Addis Ababa University (Ethiopia): AAU- University of Dar es Salaam (Tanzania): UDSM
- Nelson Mandela Africa Institution of Science and Technology (Tanzania): NM-AIST- University of Ghana (Ghana): UG

Inter-University Exchange Project
Support for the Formation of Collaborative Programs with African Universities

Programme for Developing Human Resource to Contribute to SDGs by
Merging African Potential and Japanese Scientific Technology

Copyright © 2024 Utsunomiya University
All rights reserved.
No portion of this book may be reproduced in any for, including photocopy, microfilm, information storage
and retrieval system, computer database, or software, or by any means, including electronic or mechanical,
without written permission from Utsunomiya University.
Printed in Japan.
Inter-University Exchange Project
Utsunomiya University Center for International Exchange
350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, JAPANCONTENTS
Preface……………………………………………………………………

ⅳ11

Message from the President of Utsunomiya University…………………

ⅴ11

The Organizing Committee for UU-A Student Summit 2024……………

ⅵ11

Acknowledgment…………………………………………………………

ⅶ11

Summit Program…………………………………………………………

ⅷ11

Table of Presentations……………………………………………………

ⅺ11

Abstracts of Presentations ~ Agriculture and Environmental Sciences~…

111

Abstracts of Presentations ~ Health Sciences and Social Sciences ~……

2711

Abstracts of Presentations ~ Engineering and Telecommunication ~……

4911

List of 10 Best Presentations……………………………………………… 6511
Summary Report of SDGs Work Shop…………………………………… 6811
Abstracts of Symposium…………………………………………………

7211

Photos……………………………………………………………………

7511

Preface
Welcome to the Third UU-A Students Summit, taking place from March 4th to 8th, 2024. UU-A Student
Summit is an online international student academic conference in which students from Utsunomiya
University and African partner universities present their own research regarding Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs) online and develop strategies for human resources to contribute to SDGs. As the Organizing
Committee for UU-A Student Summit 2024, we extend our heartfelt greetings to each one of you as we
continue on an incredible journey towards sustainable development while pursuing our academic goals. We
are grateful that we, young researchers from 7 partner universities, can consider and discuss world issues
from the perspective of SDGs together.
We formed the Organizing Committee in September 2023 with 17 highly motivated students from 7
partner universities. We also launched 5 boards—the public relations board, applications board, presentation
board, ceremony board, and report board— and continued to prepare the summit for approximately half ayear. We are proud to be able to hold the UU-A Student Summit 2024 this year.
Back in September 2015, global leaders met at a United Nations summit and pledged to realize theSustainable Development Goals by 2030 with a guiding principle of “Leave no one behind”. However,according to “The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2023”, more than halfway to the deadline for the2030 Agenda, we are leaving more than half the world behind. Therefore, we should act immediately towards
meetings the Sustainable Development Goals.
In this UU-A Student Summit, 60 students, the largest number of presenters ever, from 7 partner
universities introduce their various researches in related to SDGs, with “Interdisciplinary” as a core theme.
We have three sessions, agriculture and environmental sciences, health sciences and social sciences, andthen engineering and telecommunications. In addition, more than 100 students and faculty members haveregistered this summit as participants. Through this summit, we aim to learn from new viewpoints andconsider the meaning of “Interdisciplinary” by sharing Japanese and African students’ research. Moreover,as we gather to exchange ideas, share experiences and forge partnerships, we aim to harness the potential ofboth African and Japanese scientific technology to address the pressing challenges facing our world today.
Through innovative solutions and collaborative efforts, we will be able to create a brighter and moresustainable future for all.
We have also planned some hybrid events during the summit, including a SDGs workshop along withthree symposiums held by faculty from partner universities. I hope that you will be able to learn more byparticipating in these events.
Lastly, we deeply appreciative to all presenters and participants, and faculty staff who cooperate withthis summit. We hope that this summit will be a wonderful and insightful opportunity for everyone and you
will have a chance to consider world issues in related to SDGs. Let's seize this chance to inspire, learn, andgrow, shaping our destiny and charting a course towards a brighter tomorrow.
March 4th, 2024
Organizing Committee for UU-A Student Summit 2024

iv

Message from the President of Utsunomiya University
On behalf of Utsunomiya University, I am very delighted to welcome you to participate to this UU-A
Student Summit.
This Student Summit is a part of Utsunomiya University Inter-Exchange Project, named “Developing
Human Resource to Contribute to SDGs by Merging African Potential and Japanese Scientific Technology”,
funded by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan.
In Japan, the original project, Inter-University Exchange Project, was started in 2011 with the aim ofsupporting efforts for international educational cooperation with universities in the target countries andregions. Utsunomiya University was adopted in 2020 with the six universities of Jomo Kenyatta Universityof Agriculture and Technology and Meru University of Science and Technology in Kenya, Addis Ababa
University in Ethiopia, University of Dar es Salaam and Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science andTechnology in Tanzania, and University of Ghana.
Our program is aimed to develop human resource who can promote sustainable development based on
the potential and social structure of local communities in Japan and Africa. They can contribute to thesustainable development of Africa and Japan.
This is the third year of the program, and all programs have been expanded in scale from the previous
year. We have offered online intensive courses for over 300 students of seven universities last June and July,and undertook five international symposiums for around 300 researchers, students, and the public. We sent
5 graduate students of Utsunomiya University to Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
and Meru University of Science and Technology in February. In addition, 3 faculty members and 6 graduate
students from six African universities were accepted to Utsunomiya University in March.
This Student Summit is the conference where overseas students gather and make presentations about
their research in relation to the perspective of SDGs. Finally, 60 students from seven universities submitted
presentation videos online. Between March 4th and 8th, the uploaded presentation videos will be checkedand evaluated by the researchers of seven universities, and, the evaluated presentations were honored.
I would like to congratulate each and every one of the students who worked hard and presented theirresearch. I sincerely hope that this Student Summit will be a wonderful opportunity for students to study andpresent their research results from an international and interdisciplinary perspective. I hope that thecontinuous development of this program with the cooperation of six African universities and Utsunomiya
University will eventually further strengthen the partnership between African countries and Japan.
Thank you very much again for joining and collaborating in this program.
March 4th, 2024

IKEDA Tsukasa
President of Utsunomiya Universityv

The Organizing Committee for UU-A Student Summit 2024
【Organizing Committee Members】
Utsunomiya University (Japan)
Mr. SATO Yuki

Mr. SUGIMORI Kanju

Ms. NAKAZAWA Yuki

Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (Kenya)
Mr. MUSYOKA N. James

Mr. ONYANGO O. Kevin

Ms. OMAR M. Fatma

Meru University of Science and Technology (Kenya)
Mr. MANYARA Kennedy

Mr. ODOYO O. Vincent

Ms. JEBET Mercy

Addis Ababa University (Ethiopia)
Ms. TEMECHEW E. Hiwot

Ms. TADESSE M. Mary

University of Dar es Salaam (Tanzania)
Mr. DIONICE N. Crispin

Ms. NDOSSI R. Mariam

Nelson Mandela Africa Institution of Science and Technology (Tanzania)
Mr. MEELA T. Filbert

Mr. KOMBA S. Richard

University of Ghana (Ghana)
Mr. MENSAH Nii Duke

Ms. BLANKSON K. Barbara【Organization Chart of UU-A Student Summit 2024】
Chair
Yuki SATOUU-A Team
Faculty members

Vice Chair
Kennedy
Members
・Yuki N.
・Duke
・Mary
・James・Kennedy
・Crispin・Richard

Vice Chair(Application)
Fatma
Members
・Yuki N.
・Fatma・Ndossi・Kennedy・Duke・Filbert

Vice Chair(Presentation)
Kevin
Members
・Kanju・Barbara
・Hiwot・Kevin・Vincent
・Crispin・Filbert

vi

Vice Chair(Ceremony)
Vincent

Vice Chair(Report)James

Members
・Kanju・Ndossi・Vincent
・Fatma・Barbara

Members
・Mary
・Hiwot・James・Kevin・Richard
・MarcyAcknowledgement
We sincerely express our gratitude to be able to hold UU-A Student Summit 2024 magnificently. We
have received many supports and collaboration.
At first, we would like to express our deepest appreciation to the President of Utsunomiya University,
Dr. IKEDA Tsukasa for his support and commitment towards the success of the UU-A Student Summit 2024.
We also would like to express our warm gratitude to the leader of UU-A Team, Dr. YOKOTA Shinso(Utsunomiya University), the sub-leader of UU-A Team, Dr. SAKAMOTO Kumiko (Utsunomiya
University), and the coordinators of UU-A Team, Dr. NATSUAKI Tomohide (Utsunomiya University), Dr.
ATOBRAH Deborah (University of Ghana), Dr. AFEWORK Bezawork (Addis Ababa University), Ms.
Ketter C. Naomi (Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology), Dr. MUGO Cynthia (Meru
University of Science and Technology), Dr. KAALE D. Lilian (University of Dar es Salaam), and Dr.
MUNISHI Linus (Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology). We cannot hereby
indicate all members of UU-A Team, but definitely, we appreciate to all supports and collaboration by all
members.
Next, we would like to introduce and express our gratitude to collaborators of hybrid events for theircommitment, sacrifice, and efforts. Prof. YUMOTO Hiroyuki (Utsunomiya University) lectured on SDGs.
Dr. IIZUKA Akiko (Utsunomiya University), Dr. MARWA Janeth (Nelson Mandela African Institution of
Science and Technology), Dr. KAALE D. Lilian, Dr. AOYAMA Masato (Utsunomiya University), Dr.
AKAKPO B. Daniel (University of Ghana), and Ms. Ketter C. Naomi cooperated in symposiums as lecturers.
Dr. YOKOTA Shinso and Dr. SAKAMOTO Kumiko cooperated in symposiums as host organizers. Many
UU-A Team members cooperated in evaluation of the presentations.
Lastly, we honor and appreciate to all presenters and participants who took part in the summit for thegood work done, sacrifice of your time. We are so grateful and thankful to see you again in the future summit.
Thank you so much.
Organizing Committee for UU-A Student Summit 2024

vii

Summit Program (Student Video Presentations)◆ UU-A Student Summit (Video On-Demand)

March 4th -8th, 2024 (Available 24 hours)• CONTENTS- Abstracts- Presentations- Comments and discussions- Q and A sessions• How to Enjoy On-Demand Platform→1. Please access URL/link and create your own account.
2. After creating your own account, the acceptance completion email will be delivered automaticallyto the email address you entered. Please make sure the email includes URL for accessing My Page,
registration number, and password.
3. You can access the “UU-A Student summit 2024 MyPage” with the registration number andpassword which you received in your acceptance completion email. You can watch the presentation
videos at “Online Venue Entrance”. You can also download the abstract book at “Proceedings
download”.
【Number of Presenters】
UU

UG

AAU

JKUAT

MUST

UDSM

NMAIST

Total

22

5

8

9

5

4

3

60

【Categories of Presentations】
Agriculture and Environmental Sciences

24

Health Sciences and Social Sciences

21

Engineering and Telecommunication

15

Total

viii

60

Summit Program (Hybrid Events)◆ Opening Ceremony and SDGs Work Shop

March 4th, 2024 (JST: 16:30-19:00 / EAT：10:30-13:00 / UTC：7:30-10:00)
Venue: University Hall 2F (Utsunomiya University)
Venue: Zoom
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/84245354771?pwd=SmdXZkU4V2VCRzVxUlM0cDFmc0FNUT09
ID: 842 4535 4771 / Passcode: 711007• HOST: Mr. SUGIMORI Kanju (UU)-

Opening remarks by Dr. SAKAMOTO Kumiko (UU / Sub-leader of UU-A Team)
Greetings by Mr. ODOYO Vincent (MUST / Vice-Chair) : Online
Explanation of UU-A by Dr. IIZUKA Akiko (UU)
Introduction of UU-A inbound students and invited faculty members
Introduction of SSP inbound students and an accompanying faculty member
SDGs Work Shop Lecture by Prof. YUMOTO Hiroyuki (UU)
BreakSDGs Work Shop discussion
SDGs Work Shop presentations
Publicity for UU-A Student Summit 2024 by MANYARA Kennedy (MUST / Vice-Chair): Online
Closing remarks by Mr. MENSAH Nii Duke (UG)

◆ Symposium 1

March 5th, 2024 (JST：17:00-18:30 / EAT：11:00-12:30 / UTC：8:00-9:30)
Venue: Main Meeting Room at School of Agriculture (Utsunomiya University)
Venue: Zoom
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/83085617614?pwd=ZXRCMWlrL0l3Q0NRR3lPQnQrRFlsUT09
ID: 830 8561 7614 / Passcode: 336544• HOST: Dr. YOKOTA Shinso (UU)
- Lecture and Q&A session by Dr. Akiko Iizuka (UU)
“Disasters and the SDGs: Towards a world where no one is left behind”- Lecture and Q&A session by Dr. MARWA Janeth (NM-AIST)“Meta-Cognition and Spiritual Intelligence: A paradigm shifts for sustainable authentic selfknowledge engaging with efficient entrepreneurial practice in the era of artificial intelligence”ix◆ Symposium 2

March 6th, 2024 (JST：17:00-18:30 / EAT：11:00-12:30 / UTC：8:00-9:30)
Venue: Main Meeting Room at School of Agriculture (Utsunomiya University)
Venue: Zoom
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/85261521983?pwd=d1VwQUo2REcwQkNGOVZ5VnRpOWk5QT09
ID: 852 6152 1983 / Passcode: 170264• HOST: Dr. SAKAMOTO Kumiko (UU)
- Lecture and Q&A session by Dr. KAALE D. Lilian (UDSM)“Food Security in Africa: Challenges and Solutions”- Lecture and Q&A session by Dr. AOYAMA Masato (UU)
“Transportation stress in farm animals: Studies in goats”◆ Symposium 3

March 7th, 2024 (JST：17:00-18:30 / EAT：11:00-12:30 / UTC：8:00-9:30)
Venue: Main Meeting Room at School of Agriculture (Utsunomiya University)
Venue: Zoom
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/81929528204?pwd=QTc4bTBWWlBRa09obVJsVTZvWkdydz09
ID: 819 2952 8204 / Passcode: 392081• HOST: Dr. YOKOTA Shinso (UU)
- Lecture and Q&A session by Dr. AKAKPO B. Daniel (UG)
“The Role of Grain Legumes in Enhancing Sustainable Intensification of Farming Systems”- Lecture and Q&A session by Ms. KETTER C. Naomi (JKUAT)“Quantifying the effects of water stress on the growth and development of African nightshade(Solanum spp.) and spiderplant (Cleome gynandra L.)”◆ Closing and Award Ceremony

March 8th, 2024 (JST: 17:30-18:30 / EAT：11:30-12:30 / UTC：8:30-9:30)
Venue: UU Plaza 2F (Utsunomiya University)
Venue: Zoom
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/83853810671?pwd=UUhEakppVmpoeWoyMUc0VWtWVUZKZz09
ID: 838 5381 0671 / Passcode: 573147• HOST: Mr. SUGIMORI Kanju (UU) and Mr. SATO Yuki (UU)
- Video message by Dr. IKEDA Tsukasa (President of UU)- Opening remarks by Ms. OMAR Fatma (JKUAT / Vice-Chair)- Short briefing by invited faculty members
Dr. KAALE D. Lilian (UDSM), Dr. MARWA Janeth (NM-AIST), Dr. AKAKPO B. Daniel (UG)
- Short presentation about UU-A Student Summit by Mr. SUGIMORI Kanju (UU)
- Announcement of award winners by Dr. YOKOTA Shinso (UU)
- Award Ceremony- Comment by Dr. YOKOTA Shinso (UU / Leader of UU-A Team)- Closing remakes by Mr. SATO Yuki (UU / Chair)xTable of Presentations (A)~ Agriculture and Environmental Sciences~
A01(E0004) KEMBOI Kiptoo Victor (MUST)

2

Restoration of Soil Health and Soil Biodiversity through Conservation Agriculture

A02(E0009) SAITO Yuki (UU)

3

Expression Analysis of Selenoprotein Genes in Ayu Fish (Plecoglossus altivelis)

A03(E0010) AHAWO Maureen Akinyi (JKUAT)

Chemical and Physical Characteristics of the Baobab Peat and Its Effect on the Growthof Lettuce

A04(E0012) OGUDA Okech Peter (JKUAT)

Effect of Different Processing Methods on the Level of Alkaloids in Slender Leaf
Vegetable (Crotalaria brevidens)

A05

11

(E0029) AKOR Solomon (UU)

Assessment of Constraints Militating the Productivity of Small-Scale Rice Farmers inGuma Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria

A12

10

(E0028) RAKOTONDRASOA Voloina STELLY (UU)

Analysis of the Roles of Farmer Trainers in Agricultural Inputs Uptake Behavior of
Rice Farmers in Analamanga Region of Madagascar

A11

9(E0026) AHMADU Zakariya (UU)

Assessment of Post-Harvest Losses of Small-Scale Rice Farmers and Its Implication
on Livelihood in Kura-Kano, Nigeria

A10

8(E0018) MEELA T. Filbert (NM-AIST)

Evidence Suggests that Existing Management Approaches against Prosopis juliflora
are not Scalable Level

A09

7(E0016) MSAKI Liberath Gerubin (NM-AIST)

More than Pollutant Removal: Constructed Wetlands and Waste Stabilization Ponds
as Biodiversity Hotspots in Tanzania

A08

6(E0015) WAMALWA Robert Juma (JKUAT)Green Canopy of Change: Promoting Indigenous Trees for Land Resilience andCommunity Climate Adaptation

A07

5(E0014) OYENGA Patrick Omusula (JKUAT)

African Indigenous Food Epistemologies for Responsible Consumption: Triangulation
with the Scientific Methods for Food Production

A06

4

12

(E0030) SATO Yuki (UU)
and13

Physicochemical Properties of Model Beverages and Baked Products Incorporated with
Avocado Seed Powder

14

Analysis of Temporal Changes in Disease Resistance-Related
Phytohormone During Infection Process of Powdery Mildew in Wheat

A13

A14

Genes

(E0035) NYAKANG'I O. Clinton (MUST)(E0040) YOSHINO Takumi (UU)

Mitigation of Aerosol in The Weaning Piggery by Spraying Solution by using UltrasonicSprayer

xi

15

A15

(E0041) GASPAR Audifas (UDSM)

Physicochemical Characterization and Sensory Acceptability of Fortified Cassava
Flour with Long-Horned Grasshopper – Kitarasa (Musa spp.)

A16(E0043) NARWANGO Dorothy Desiderius (UDSM)

Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Physicochemical Properties of Honey from Selected
Tanzanian Phytochoria

A17(E0052) MENSAH Duke Nii Tettey (UG)

Extending the Shelf-Life of Indigenous Vegetables in Ghana: Case of Cocoyam Leaves

A19(E0053) Kiprono Daisy Jepchirchir (MUST)

Chloroplast Relocation in Wild Strawberries (Frgaria Vesca)

A20(E0057) MURERWA Linsey (JKUAT)Development of Fish-Starch Snacks Using a 3D Food Printer

A22

20

21

22

23

(E0062) TUFA Fikadu Kajelcha (AAU)

Isolation, Screening and Production of L-asparaginase, Anti-Cancer Enzyme, from
E.coli Isolates from Gubriye Area, Wolkite University, Ethiopia

A24

19

(E0061) ODOYO Ouma Vincent (MUST)

Assessing the Engineering and Environmental Efficacy of Eco-San Toilets in
Rachuonyo North Sub County, Homabay County, Kenya

A23

18

(E0056) OMAR Fatma (JKUAT)

Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Latent Bacteria in Coconut Leaves Associated with
the Lethal Yellowing Disease Symptoms in Kenya

A21

17

(E0046) MAGOMBO Stater Noel (UU)

Assessing Food System Resilience among Rural Communities Amid Economic andClimate Shocks in Southern Malawi

A18

16

24

(E0067) EW Kelvent (UU)

Construction of a VIGS Vector Based on BaYMV and Examination for the Method of
Inoculation

xii

25

Table of Presentations (B)~ Health Sciences and Social Sciences~
B01(E0013) ALGAA Tuvshinzaya (UU)

East Asian Nations' COVID-19 Initial Response Strategies: Lockdown and Border
Control Measures

B02(E0017) YAMASE Tatsuya (UU)

Moral Education Class for Students in Conflict

B03(E0031) SUGIMORI Kanju (UU)

Study on Automatic Measurement of Capped Honeybee Brood Cells Using PSPNet

B05(E0032) DULO Abraham (AAU)

Universities’ Democratic Culture and Youth Political Participation in Africa

B06(E0038) MUSYOKA James Ndambuki (JKUAT)

Storage Stability of Maize Flour: A Review Paper

B08(E0044) MBIRU Peter Kimani (UU)

Discrimination in Japan: Perceptions Held by Foreigners Living in Tochigi Prefecture

B11

35

36

37

38

39

(E0063) WALUGEMBE Francis (NM-AIST)A Retrospective Study on The Epidemiology and Trends of Road Traffic Accidents,
Fatalities and Injuries in Three Municipalities of Dar es Salaam Region, Tanzania
Between 2014-2018

B14

34

(E0058) AMOAH Frederick Obeng (UG)

Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli in
Livestock and Abattoir Workers

B13

33

(E0047) FRIMPONG Andrew Charles (UU)

The Ghanaian Experience and Issues of Establishing Vocational Pedagogy at Purely
Academic Institutions: The Views of Lecturers

B12

32

(E0042) MASELE Wilson Elias (UDSM)

The Role of Urban Agriculture on Community and City Resilience in Kinondoni
Municipality, Dar es Salaam

B10

31

(E0039) DIONICE Crispin Ndelende (UDSM)

Processing of Aerial yam-soy Functional Beverage: Influence on Rheological, Sensory
and Phytochemical Properties

B09

30

(E0036) ADJEI-MAWUTOR Gideon (UG)

Empowering Women and Girls: Sexual Reproductive Health in Cape Coast
Metropolitan Area

B07

29

(E0024) MALO Keto Terefe (AAU)

Survival Status and Predictors of Mortality among Neonates Admitted with
Hyperbilirubinemia

B04

28

40

(E0065) MWENDE Emmah (MUST)

Assessment of Wash Interventions in Controlling Cholera Outbreaks among
Households in Garissa County, Kenya

xiii

41

B15

(E0070) RI Buncho (UU)

Barriers to High School Admission for School-Aged Foreign Students

B16(E0072) GRACIA Lidia (UU)

Unlocking Triple Impact: Kobe Beef's Contribution to Decent Work (SDG 8), Responsible
Consumption (SDG 12), and Climate Action (SDG 13) in Alignment with the SDGs

B17

(E0088) NAKANO Yoshihito (UU)

Exploration of Food-Related Factors Causing Hypertension in Asuncion, Paraguay

B21

45

(E0087) AWUNI Cynthia Azochiman (UG)

Gender Inequality in Management Decision Making at the Tertiary Level: The Case of
Tamale Technical University

B20

44

(E0086) NZOMO Caroline Mumbua (JKUAT)

Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistant Profiles of Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus
Aureus and Coagulase Spp. among Health Workers in Selected Hospitals in Makueni
CountyB19

43(E0085) ASIEDU Enoch Sam Sakyi (UG)

Weight Perception and Risk of Non-Communicable Diseases among Female Adults
Living in Accra Metropolis

B18

42

46

47

(E0089) ISLAM MD Rashedul (UU)

Evaluation of Air-Water Two-Phase Flow as an Effective Cleaning Method for Water
Pipes

xiv

48

Table of Presentations (C)~ Engineering and Telecommunication~
C01(E0008) KASHIHARA Ren (UU)

Electromagnetic Radiation from Laser-Generated Plasma with Longitudinal Electric
Field when Gas is Changed

C02(E0019) KIPKETER Dickson Tuwei (NM-AIST)

Industrial-Based GSM Water Leakage Detection, Monitoring and Controlling System:
A Case of North Rift Valley Water Agency in Kenya

C03(E0021) HUYNH Ngoc Dan Phuong (UU)

Development of Adhesive Materials Using Trithiocarbonate

C04(E0045) SUN Mannning (UU)

Compact MTF Measurement of a Fisheye Lens

C08

(E0049) OKOSHI Kampei (UU)

Composition and Activities of Cul-De-Sacs with Component in Vacant Land in Blocks

C10(E0073) ABERA Belay Nardos (AAU)

Adaptive Super Twisting Sliding Mode Controller for Quadcopter

C14

58

59

60

61

62

(E0074) GEDEFAW Andarge Elisabeth (AAU)

Trajectory Tracking Control of Quadcopter Using Fuzzy Super Twisting SMC with PID
Surface

C15

57(E0069) MENEBO Muluken (AAU)

Neuro-Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller Design and Implementation of Quadrotor UAV
for Locust Detection

C13

56

(E0066) AYALEW Wubshet (AAU)

Solving Optimal Path Planning Problem of an Intelligent Mobile Robot in Dynamic
Environment

C12

55

(E0050) MWAMAFUPA Esther Lucas (NM-AIST)

Energy Challenge to the Sustainability of Small Enterprises in Africa: Is Biogas a
Reliable and Affordable Alternative Source?

C11

54

(E0048) KHWESA Peredy (AAU)

Ecochlor: A Next-Gen Electro-Chlorinator for Sustainable Water Disinfection inHardship Areas

C09

53

(E0027) TEMECHEW Hiwot Ergetie (AAU)

Integrated Infrastructure Planning in Historic Places to Improve the Connectivity of
Infrastructure and Livability: A Case of Shonke Village, Ethiopia

C07

52

(E0023) FUSHIMOTO Haruka (UU)

Possibilities for Rural Revitalization and Agriculture in "A Town with More Robots than
Residents"

C06

51

(E0022) POLGAHAGEDARA DON Pubudu Sanjeewa (UU)

Profitability Nexus of Micro-Enterprises: An Investigation into Profitability Dimensionof Home-Based Micro-Enterprises in Sri Lanka

C05

50

(E0080) TEREFA Temesgen Geneti (JKUAT)

Optimization of Small Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine for Maximum Energy Extraction
xv

63

64

xvi

UU-A STUDENT SUMMIT 2024
Summit Abstracts (A)~ Agriculture and Environmental Sciences ~A01 ~ A24

-1-

A01 (E0004)

Restoration of Soil Health and Soil Biodiversity ThroughConservation Agriculture
KEMBOI Kiptoo Victor

Meru University of Science and Technology

BACKGROUNDS

Conservation Agriculture has emerged as a promising approach to address the challenges ofmodern agriculture, aiming to simultaneously improve productivity, preserve natural resources,and enhance environmental sustainability. The reduction in soil fertility and biodiversity withinarid and semi-arid regions (ASALs) in Kenya has resulted in a decrease in maize (Zea mays)
output. The decline in soil health and biodiversity is attributed to persistent tillage, monoculture
practices, and the ongoing application of inorganic fertilizers. This situation has raised concerns
about the need for proactive measures to address food insecurity, emphasizing the necessity forsustainable approaches to enhance food production and security in the ASAL regions. Therefore,
this study aimed to assess the impact of conservation agriculture on soil health and soil
biodiversity.

METHODOLOGY

A survey was conducted in Meru, Kenya, and soil samples were taken for physiochemical
analysis. Soil macro-fauna was determined by laying traps on the ground.

RESULTSThe results showed that conservation agriculture (farming system) improved soil health andsignificantly increased soil macro-fauna (p<0.05). There was also a significant influence(p<0.05) on soil organic carbon and increased soil nitrogen, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSIn conclusion, the study demonstrates that conservation agriculture significantly improves soil
health, enhances soil biodiversity, and positively influences key soil parameters, offering asustainable solution for addressing agricultural challenges in arid and semi-arid regions. Basedon the findings, it is recommended that the adoption of conservation agriculture practices bepromoted and encouraged in ASAL regions to ensure long-term food security, restore soil
health and environmental sustainability. Therefore, the study addresses the SDGs 1, 2 and 13.

Supervisor: Prof. MASINDE Peter-2-

A02 (E0009)

Expression Analysis of Selenoprotein Genes in Ayu Fish
(Plecoglossus Altivelis)
SAITO Yuki and IIGO Masayuki
Utsunomiya University

BACKGROUNDS

Selenium is an element with atomic number 34 and is one of the elements that the body needs
even a little. Selenium deficiency causes Keshan and Kaschin-Beck diseases. Selenium in the
body is thought to function in the form of selenoproteins. Selenoprotein is a protein with a "21stamino acid", selenocysteine, encoded in the genome. Selenocysteine is specifically encoded by
the opal stop codon UGA and translation is continued only when a tRNA-like structure called
selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) is present in the 3' untranslated region of mRNA.
Human has 25 selenoprotein genes but functions of some genes are still unknown. A few studies
have been performed on selenoprotein genes in bony fishes. Therefore, in the present study, we
focused on ayu fish (Plecoglossus altivelis), economically important migrating teleost living inJapan, Korean Peninsula, Taiwan and China. For comprehensive elucidation of functions ofselenoprotein genes in teleost fish, as an initial step, we tried to identify selenoprotein genes in
ayu fish and analyzed their daily and circadian expression in the brain.

MATERIALS AND METHODSWe searched for selenoprotein genes using mRNA-seq assembly data. After analyzing the genestructures, we designed primers and real-time PCR (qPCR) was performed to determine daily
and circadian rhythm of mRNA in the brain collected at 4-h intervals under light-dark, constantdark and constant-light conditions.

RESULTSIn ayu fish, 35 selenoprotein candidate genes were identified (Gpx1, Gpx2, Gpx3, Gpx4a,
Gpx4b, Dio1, Dio2, Dio3a, Dio3b, Txnrd2.2, Txnrd3, Msrb1a, Msrb1b, Sephs3, Selenoe,
Selenof, Selenoh1, Selenoh2, Selenoi, Selenoj, Selenok, Selenol, Selenom, Selenon, Selenoo,
Selenop, Selenop2, Selenos, Selenot1, Selenot2, Selenou1a, Selenou1b, Selenow1, Selenow2a,and Selenow2b). Among them, mRNA levels of 16 and 24 genes were found to exhibit
significant daily and circadian rhythms, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

We successfully identified 35 selenoprotein candidate genes and determined their exon-intron
structures. Furthermore, expression of some genes is under the control by light-dark cycles
and/or circadian clock. We will test whether selenoproteins regulate the biological clock viceversa. We will also determine whether selenoprotein genes are involved in the regulation ofseasonal rhythms. Our research will contribute to SDGs Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-Being),
Goal 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), and Goal 14 (Life Below Water).

Supervisor: Prof. IIGO Masayuki-3-

A03 (E0010)

Chemical and Physical Characteristics of the Baobab Peat and Its
Effect on the Growth of Lettuce
AHAWO Maureen Akinyi

Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology

BACKGROUNDS

Climatic change occurring worldwide has resulted in drought which has a direct impact on
agricultural soil. Increased evaporation on soil and water loss in crops has been reported
globally. There is an urgent need to improve soil water retention through soil amendments likebiochar, and inert growth like sawdust, peat moss and baobab “peat”. The wastes emanatingfrom the production of both Baobab fruit powder and oil are approximated to be about 70% of
the fruit pulp. Hydroponics is a technology that is gaining traction worldwide because of its
advantages of being soilless and thereby removing overdependency on land. Apart from forest
climate mitigation, hydroponics has been proven to be an option too resulting in sustainablecrop production and food security. Other biowastes like coco peat, sawdust, coffee grounds,
and eggshells have successfully been used as growth media in hydroponic farming systems.
The use of Baobab fruit industry bio-waste has, however, not been sufficiently exploited. This
study sought to establish the potential of baobab fruit industry bio-waste as a growth medium
in hydroponic vegetable production, a case of lettuce.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Physical and chemical analysis of the baobab “peat” and a greenhouse experiment comparing
the growth performance of lettuce under baobab “peat” and other commonly used hydroponic
growth media were performed. The material was sourced from Vokonel Limited which issituated in Kibwezi, Makueni County. Flame photometry, Kjedhal distillation, Ultra- ultraviolet spectroscopy, and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry were used for the analysis. The
pH, electrical conductivity, moisture content, and lignin content were also analyzed.

RESULTSThe results showed that the pH was about 5.3 whereas the electrical conductivity was recorded
to be 2.4. The moisture content obtained for the baobab biowaste was 6.4%. The Total nitrogencontent was found to be 0.1% while the UV-V showed a phosphorous concentration of 0.03
which complies with the growth media optimal range. The lignin content was found to be 52%
which is within the optimal range for growth media.

CONCLUSIONS

Given the results, the study concludes that Baobab biowaste qualifies as a growth media. The
results are within specification when compared to other growth media currently in use. The
study is in line with SDG 1; 2; 12; and 13. The use of Baobab “peat” as a growth media willcontribute to food and nutrition security in the poverty-stricken areas of Makueni. In addition,
the sale of baobab “peat” will provide an extra income avenue and contribute to the rapidly
growing Baobab Industry, ensuring sustainable management and use of natural resources.

Supervisors: Prof. MADIVOLI Edwin, Prof. NGAMAU Catherine, and Prof. KARERU Patrick-4-

A04 (E0012)

Effect of Different Processing Methods on the Level of Alkaloids
in Slender Leaf Vegetable (Crotalaria brevidens)
OGUDA Okech Peter and ONYANGO Arnold

Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology

BACKGROUNDSVegetables are one of the most important nutrient-rich foods, with essential vitamins required
for a healthy life. In Africa, the utilization of some of its indigenous vegetables is altered by thehigh anti-nutritional factors present in these vegetables, including some toxic alkaloids such as
pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Post-harvest losses are also high due to a lack of efficient processing
methods, hindering large-scale production of African indigenous vegetables. Slender leaf
vegetable is one of these important nutrient-rich vegetables; its consumption is influenced by
the presence of alkaloids, which are known to be toxic (pyrrolizidine alkaloids). This researchseeks to exploit different processing methods to reduce the level of toxicity that might be causedby these alkaloids and also to enhance the nutritional content of the vegetable through lactic
acid fermentation.

METHODSTwo vegetable samples were fermented through spontaneous and controlled fermentation. In
controlled fermentation, the vegetables were washed with cold water, weighed (100 g), andplaced in a 400-ml fermentation container. They were then inoculated with 1.0× 107 CFU/ml
of Lactobacillus plantarum BFE 5092, and 250 ml of brine (3% salt and 3% sugar) was added.
Chemical analysis included vitamin C by the indophenol method (AOAC 967.21), β-carotene
by the UV-Vis method (AOAC 970.64), B-vitamins by the HPLC method (AOAC 2014,02)
and alkaloids by the Harborne 1973, gravimetrical method.

RESULTSThe growth rate of yeast and mold decreased over fermentation in both spontaneous andcontrolled fermentation since it increased to a pH below 4.0 . The level of alkaloids in bothvegetables decreased. C. brevidens decreased by 49.31%, while C. ochraleuca decreased by
38.72%. Addition of starter culture and temperature change had a significant effect on the rateof lactic acid growth, leading to a sharp decrease in pH and improving the safety of thevegetable. The nutritional value of the vegetable also improved considerably; vitamin C, βcarotene, thiamine, folate, and cobalamin increased by 12.92%, 49.42%, 152.7%, 33.33%, and14.28%, respectively, by controlled fermentation, while spontaneous fermentation recorded
2.90%, 22.92%, 118.3%, 42.85%, and 7.15%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Through lactic acid fermentation for 5 days, the shelf life of the vegetable increased. As slenderleaf vegetables are well known to be bitter, a reduction in alkaloids leads to reduced bitterness,
improved utilization of the vegetable due to processing, and also reduced toxicity (pyrrolizidine
alkaloids). An increase in vitamin levels will help solve the problem of micronutrient deficiency,
which is a major contributor to childhood undernutrition. Hence, the research seeks to end
hunger, achieve food security, and improve the health conditions of consumers of slender-leaf
vegetables. This will help achieve the standard development goals of zero hunger and good
health and well-being.

Supervisor: Prof. ONYANGO Arnold-5-

A05 (E0014)

African Indigenous Food Epistemologies for Responsible
Consumption: Triangulation with the Scientific Methods of Food
ProductionOYENGA Patrick Omusula

Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology

BACKGROUNDSThe current global consumption and production patterns are unsustainable and harmful to theenvironment and human well-being. While production has taken the scientific methods, thetechnological consumption methods come with added costs and effect on environment. Thus,
the need for a comprehensive set of actions from society to transform the way we produce andconsume goods and services, and to achieve sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony
with nature. The study entailed three questions; What are the different types of indigenous foodpreservation techniques used in Africa? How effective are they in maintaining food quality andsafety? What are the benefits and challenges of using them for food security and sustainability?

METHODS

The study involved conducting a comprehensive search of relevant databases and sources, using
appropriate keywords and filters including “indigenous knowledge”, “food preservation”,“Africa”, and “food security”. The study included articles that focus on empirical studies ofindigenous food preservation methods in Africa, and excluded articles that are not peerreviewed, not in English, or not relevant to the research questions. A checklist was used toevaluate the methodological rigor, validity, and reliability of the studies. The study also usednarrative synthesis and thematic analysis.

RESULTS

The study found that focusing on African traditional food conservation methods can be asignificant way of reducing food wastage which complements the scientific methods ofproduction. The study found that there are different types of indigenous food preservation
techniques used in Africa including smoking, drying, salting and fermentation. The methods
have been found to be effective in food preservation, use renewable energy, and thus havealmost zero costs and zero effect on both human life and the environment.

CONCLUSIONSThe study concluded that triangulating the African indigenous food epistemologies inpreservation with the scientific methods of food production is a significant way of achieving
sustainable and responsible consumption. By the methods, renewable resources are utilized,
less costs and friendly environmental approaches that check the unsustainable and harmful tothe environment and human well-being. The findings are vital to the implementation of
SDG12 on sustainable consumption and production patterns.

Supervisors: Prof. E. Mamati and Prof. E. Ateka-6-

A06 (E0015)

Green Canopy of Change: Promoting Indigenous Trees for Land
Resilience and Community Climate Adaptation
WAMALWA Robert Juma

Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology

BACKGROUNDSThis project was conducted in the watershed areas, aiming to address climate change impacts
on local communities. The objective was to implement ecosystem and community-integrated
strategies to reduce vulnerabilities and enhance climate resilience. By combining CommunityBased Adaptation (CBA) and Ecosystem-Based Adaptation (EBA) techniques, the projectsought to transform livelihood systems; combat poverty; and improve food security in theregion. The primary goal was to promote sustainable landscapes and climate resilience throughthe conservation and planting of indigenous trees.

METHODS

The project employed a holistic approach by combining CBA and EBA techniques. This
involved the planting of indigenous trees within the water catchment; incorporation of
educational programs to raise awareness about the importance of preserving indigenous trees
and adopting sustainable land use practices; and fostering support, creating awareness, andencouraging active participation of the community in tree planting programs. The study alsocollaborated with governmental bodies, non-profit organizations, local businesses, and otherstakeholders to ensure the success and sustainability of the project’s initiatives.

RESULTS

The project has yielded several positive outcomes. These include notable improved climate
resilience in the community, biodiversity preservation, and community empowerment throughthe Green Canopy Initiative and active community engagement.

CONCLUSIONSThe study concludes that collaboration with stakeholders is essential for the success and longterm sustainability of interventions in watershed areas. Further, a comprehensive strategy
geared towards sustainable landscapes, climate change resilience enhancement and the overall
well-being of local communities has the potential to transform watershed areas. This study
contributes to SDGs 1, 2, 3, 6, 14, and 15.

Supervisor: Prof. GATHENYA M. John

-7-

A07 (E0016)

More than Pollutant Removal: Constructed Wetlands and Waste
Stabilization Ponds as Biodiversity Hotspots in Tanzania
1

MSAKI Liberath Gerubin1, 2, NJAU Nicholas Karoli1, TREYDTE Christina
Anna3, and LYIMO Jacob Thomas4

Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, 2MJNUAT, 3Stockholm
University, 4University of Dar es Salaam

BACKGROUNDS

Waste stabilization ponds and constructed wetlands (WSPs-CWs) are important
ecotechnologies for wastewater treatment. Despite their potential and wastewater management
being challenging in urban and peri-urban areas of Tanzania, their adoption and sustainability
is not well developed. In this study we assessed community Knowledge Attitudes andPerception on wastewater treatment, the biodiversity status and potential of both CWs and
WSPs and the bacterial composition of selected CWs in Tanzania.

METHODS

We used semi-structured household-level questionnaire to assess social KAPs. The study also
employed point counts, fish net, direct observations, and camera traps to assess bird, reptiles
and insects’ diversity in WSPs-CWs. Additionally, wastewater was collected in four different
CWs for bacterial diversity establishment. Social KAPs was analyzed using SPSS, while
Jamovi and PAST software were used to analyze the diversity and abundances of bird, insects,
and reptiles, whereas bacterial community composition was characterized using Illumina-based
sequencing of the V3 and V4 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA.

RESULTSThe results show that social KAPs surrounding wastewater treatment and reuse were sufficient
based on the KAPs score achieved from the asked questions. However, the general knowledgeof treatment technologies, processes and reuse risks were found low. Furthermore, results
showed that birds exhibit high species abundance (n = 1132), high species richness, Margalef
index (D = 4.266), evenness (E = 0.815), Shannon diversity (H = 2.881) and Simpson index (λ=0.903). The study also recorded significant abundance and diversity of bacterial communities.

CONCLUSIONS

Since this study has found the WSPs and CWs provide additional benefits besides wastewater
treatment, such as urban environment greening, resource recovery for reuse and biodiversity
development, it is recommended that policies should incorporate these ecotechnologies into
biodiversity conservation portfolios, environmental protection and resource recovery for socioeconomic uses. This research work contributes to the achievement of SDG6: Clean water andSanitation, targets no. 6A and 6B; SDG11: Sustainable cities and communities, targets no. 11.7
as well as SDG15: Life on land, targets 15.1.

Supervisors: Prof. NJAU N. Karoli, Prof. TREYDTE C. Anna and Prof. LYIMO J. Thomas-8-A08 (E0018)

Evidence Suggests that Existing Management Approaches
Against Prosopis Juliflora are Not Scalable LevelMEELA T. Filbert1,2, MUNISHI K. Linus1, GILIBA A. Richard1, MBWAMBO
R. John2, and ESCHEN René3

1

Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, 2Tanzania Forestry ResearchInstitute, 3CABI, Delémont, Switzerland

BACKGROUNDS

Prosopis juliflora is an invasive tree that is native to Central and South America, and it is now
on the list of the 100 world’s worst invasive species. Globally Prosopis juliflora has invaded
about 54 million hectares of land. The study aimed to examine failure and success of the
management approaches against P. juliflora. Various methods, including mechanical, chemical,
biological, and integrated approaches, have been tried to eliminate P. juliflora globally. Still,over the last 20 years, the rate of spread has accelerated, suggesting that management
approaches are not always effective.

METHODOLOGY

To fulfill the objectives of the study, online literature review was carried out to examine theextent of P. juliflora management approaches, challenges and lessons learned. Analyzed
literature was obtained from the following databases, Google, Google Scholar, Science Direct,
and CABI digital library.

RESULTS

Globally management approaches to control P. juliflora have been largely implemented at trial
and small scale. On a large scale, mechanical, chemical, biological and integrated approaches
have been practiced at 12%, 38%, 12% and 17% respectively. However, the appliedmanagement approaches failed because they were unsustainable and after the project wasphased out there was no further implementation strategy.

CONCLUSIONS

Prosopis juliflora management approaches like burning the stump using cattle dungs have beenfound to double the spread since burning of the dungs breaks dormancy of seeds which passundigested in animal feces and spread in grazing fields. This study contributes to SDGs 13 and
15.

Supervisor: Prof. MUNISHI K. Linus-9-

A09 (E0026)

Assessment of Post-Harvest Losses of Small-Scale Rice Farmers
and Its Implication on Livelihood in Kura-Kano Nigeria
AHMADU Zakariya
Utsunomiya University

BACKGROUNDSThe global population is projected to grow to 9.7 billion people by the year 2050. Most of thispopulation rise is expected to come from the developing countries, most already facing theissues of postharvest losses. Reducing these losses in developing countries, could be a valuable
and sustainable solution to increase food availability, eliminate hunger (SDG2: Zero hunger),and improves farmer’s livelihood (SDG1: No poverty). This study will be carried out in Kura
Local Government Area of Kano Nigeria. Kura is a major area of rice production and processingin Kano, Nigeria. The average rice yield in Kano state is very low (1.5tone/ha) compared to ayield of 6-8 tone/hectare reported on research plots. Considering the post-harvest losses andincreasing demand for paddy from rice processing industries in the state and the entire country,
it brought my attention to conduct my research in this field, with the aim of figure out the causes
and stages where loss occur, and to come with possible solutions that can be used to overcome
the issues.

METHODOLOGY

Multi-stages sampling procedure will be used to select the respondents. At the first stage threecommunities (Garin Kura, Karfi and Dan Hassan) will be selected based on their dominance inrice production from the target area. In the second stage simple random sampling techniques
will be used to select 450 farmers from the selected communities. Data on socio economic
characteristics, harvesting, drying, threshing, transportation and storage techniques will becollected directly from the respondents, using semi structure interview schedules.

DATA ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE

Descriptive statistics and regression analysis will be used for data analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

It will be concluded that if this research is carried out, possible measures will be provided thatcan be used to overcome the identified problems and bring about positive changes in
improving livelihood. And also, can contribute to achieve SDG1: End poverty and SDG2:
Zero hunger, in increasing yields, income and sustainable food production.

Supervisor: Prof. SCHRAGER Benjamin- 10 -

A10 (E0028)

Analysis of the Roles of Farmer Trainers in Agricultural Inputs
Uptake Behavior of Rice Farmers in Analamanga Region ofMadagascar
RAKOTONDRASOA Voloina Stelly
Utsunomiya University

BACKGROUNDS

Rice is the staple food of Madagascar. Its production is vital to the economy and the livelihoodsof smallholder farmers. Yet the country faces challenges such as low yields and limited accessto agricultural inputs. As a result, domestic production does not catch up to the needs of the
population which is still increasing. The PAPRIZ Project (Rice Productivity Improvement
Project), initiated in collaboration with JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency), aimed
at improving rice productivity, has introduced a cascade style of extension, involving farmer
trainers to facilitate the adoption of PAPRIZ technology which is a simplified adaptation of the
System of Rice Intensification (SRI) . This cascade extension model proves crucial indisseminating technology, contributing to SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals). The PAPRIZ
technology, rooted in sustainable agriculture practices, aligns with environmental goals bypromoting eco-friendly farming methods, thus supporting SDG 13 (Climate Action). This
research seeks to examine the role of farmer trainers in facilitating access to agricultural inputs
for rice farmers in the Analamanga region of Madagascar, with the aim of enhancing riceproduction and smallholder farmers' livelihoods. By addressing these challenges and aligningwith the SDGs, the research directly contributes to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
such as SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), and SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic
Growth).

METHODS

The study will involve surveys and semi-structured interviews with 180 rice farmers in different
PAPRIZ project intervention sites within the Analamanga region, along with interviews with
farmer trainers and extension workers. Both qualitative and quantitative methods, including
econometric analysis, will be used for data analysis.

RESULTSThe findings of the research are expected to shed light on the critical role of farmer trainers in
improving agricultural input access and its impact on rice production and smallholder farmers'
well-being, thus directly contributing to the targets and indicators of SDGs related to poverty
eradication, food security, sustainable economic growth, climate action, and partnerships forthe goals.

CONCLUSIONSThe study's insights and recommendations are anticipated to provide valuable guidance for the
PAPRIZ Project to enhance its effectiveness and sustainability in Madagascar, aligning withthe broader global agenda of sustainable development encapsulated in the SDGs.

Supervisor: Prof. KATO Koji
- 11 -

A11 (E0029)

Assessment of Constraints Militating the Productivity of SmallScale Rice Farmers in Guma Local Government Area of Benue
State, Nigeria
AKOR Solomon

Utsunomiya University

BACKGROUNDS

Rice production in Guma local government area of Benue state, Nigeria at present is on small
scale basis and involves the use of less sophisticated technology. It is labour intensive thus
requires considerable latent energy and capacity by farmers to execute most of the sector
activities. Despite the effort of small-scale farmers to increase rice production, returns havebeen much below the expected potential. Crop yields continue to decline and are substantiallylower than potential yields. Food crop production growth in Nigeria has been driven entirely
by expansion in area planted, rather than by increasing productivity per hectare throughimproved technology and development of high yielding varieties of arable crops. The gap
between potential and actual rice yields obtained by farmers suggests abundant scope for
improvement in productivity. The broad objective for this study is to assess the barriers limiting
the efforts of small-scale rice farmers from attaining higher productivity. The specificobjectives are to determine if socio-economic characteristics of small-scale rice farmers have astrong correlation with lower or higher productivity; to evaluate the extent to which farming
practices inform productivity of small-scale rice farmers; and to examine how limited access to
inputs influence rice productivity.

METHODSThis study will adopt interview survey research design in which a multi-stage random samplingtechnique was used to select a total number of eighty (80) small scale rice farmers whose farm
size ranges from 0.1 to 2.0 hectares. The questionnaire will be used to collect data from thesampled number of small-scale rice farmers in the study area. Data collected for this study will
be analyzed using descriptive and inferential Statistic. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies,
percentages, mean and Standard deviation will be used.

CONCLUSIONSIn a bid to help farmers increase productivity, the focus is usually on whether farmers are using
better and improved technologies. It is however necessary to investigate whether these farmers
are even making maximum use of what is available to them in terms of inputs. Therefore, thisresearch will be able to contribute to SDG1: No Poverty, SDG2: Zero Hunger, SDG3: Good
Health and Well-being, SDG8: Decent Work and Economic Growth, SDG12: Responsible
Consumption and Production, and SDG13: Climate Action.

Supervisor: Prof. NISHIYAMA Mima

- 12 -

A12 (E0030)

Analysis of Temporal Changes in Disease Resistance-Related
Genes and Phytohormone during Infection Process of Powdery
Mildew in Wheat
SATO Yuki1, WENG Yuanjie1, SHIMAZAKI Taichi1, NIHEI Kenichi1,
YOSHIDA Kentaro2, OKAMOTO Masanori1,3
1

Utsunomiya University, 2Kyoto University, 3RIKEN/CSRSBACKGROUNDS

Bread wheat is one of the world’s three most important crops that significantly contribute tofood security. Generally, the main factors reducing productivity are disease, drought, and hightemperature; therefore, we are focusing on wheat disease, specifically wheat powdery mildew(Blumeria graminis). It is known that when plants recognize the attack of pathogens, they
accumulate a large amount of the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) and exhibit resistance.
Additionally, one of the bioactive small molecules, N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP), has similareffects to SA and is involved in disease resistance. In this study, we analyzed how SA and NHPchange during the infection process of wheat powdery mildew.

METHODS

Wheat (cv. Fielder) cultivated in pots for both the untreated group and the wheat powdery
mildew-inoculated group sampled every 2 days. We analyzed the endogenous SA and NHPlevels by LC-MS/MS and gene expression levels by qRT-PCR. Statistical analyses for all bar
graphs were performed using RStudio, and p values were determined by one-way ANOVA with
Tukey’s multiple comparison test.

RESULTSThe content of SA, NHP and its precursor pipecolic acid (Pip) increased significantly in the
inoculated group after inoculation. Notably, the rate of increase in Pip and NHP was muchhigher than that of SA. The gene expression levels of SARD1 and WRKY33, which aretranscription factors for SA and NHP biosynthesis, were increased in the inoculated group, but
the expression levels of SARD1 were earlier than those of WRKY33. Although, the SA
biosynthetic key enzyme ICS1 increased toward the late inoculated stage, the NHP biosynthetic
key enzyme ALD1 increased in the early inoculated stage.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results suggest that disease resistance is primarily induced by Pip and NHP, rather than SA,
and the early accumulation of Pip and NHP co-operates with SA in the disease response against
wheat powdery mildew infection. Our study will apply to molecular breeding in order tocontribute to SDG2: Zero Hunger and SDG13: Climate Action.

Supervisor: Prof. OKAMOTO Masanori- 13 -

A13 (E0035)

Physicochemical Properties of Model Beverages and Baked
Products Incorporated with Avocado Seed Powder
NYAKANG‘I O. Clinton, MARETE Eunice, EBERE Rebecca, and ARIMI Joshua
Meru University of Science and Technology

BACKGROUNDS

Consumption of avocado (Persea americana mill) has increased worldwide in the recent years.
The pulp is used but the peel and seed are discarded as waste. Studies have shown that the seeds
are rich in phytochemicals that can be utilized in food systems. The objective of this study wasto evaluate the potential of Hass avocado seed as a source of polyphenols in the processing ofmodel beverages and baked products with functional properties.

METHODS

The proximate analysis of the avocado seed powder was carried out. The shelf life of phenols
in avocado seed powder (ASP) stored in dark, amber colored bottle and transparent bottle wasstudied for six months. The seed extract was incorporated into model beverages of different pH
and the shelf life was monitored for 20 weeks. The seed powder was incorporated into baked
products at 0, 15, 30 or 50 % followed by total phenolic content and sensory properties analysis.

RESULTS

Proximate composition of the seed powder for moisture, ash, protein, fiber, fat and total
carbohydrates were 14.19, 1.82, 7.05, 4.00, 13.64, and 59.30 per cent, respectively. Duringstorage of the seed powder, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the phenol content
under the different storage light conditions for six months. In the model beverages, lower pH
levels (2.8, 3.8, and 4.8), and those stored at ambient temperatures recorded lower phenol
content than the control pH i.e. 5.5, and those under refrigerated conditions throughout thestorage period studied (20 weeks). The concentration of phenols in the baked products increased
with increasing avocado seed powder. The sensory evaluation of the cakes in terms of color for
all the formulations was liked very much. The aroma of 0% and 15% ASP was liked very much,while the other formulations were liked moderately. The taste rating and overall acceptability
decreased with an increasing avocado seed powder in the queen cake formulations.

CONCLUSIONS

Our data shows that avocado seed extracts can be incorporated to prepare functional beverages
and functional baked products that are acceptable by sensory panelists. This study addresses
SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) by reducing food waste, in this case the avocado seeds to ensure foodsecurity and SDG 3 (Good health and well-being) by incorporating bioactive compounds withhealth-promoting properties into food products.

Supervisor: Prof. ARIMI Joshua- 14 -

A14 (E0040)

Mitigation of Aerosol in the Weaning Piggery by Spraying
Solution by Using Ultrasonic Sprayer
YOSHINO Takumi

Utsunomiya University

BACKGROUNDSThe study aims to compare the effectiveness of defend water spray, derived from grapefruit
seeds, in reducing airborne microbial concentrations in a piggery. This approach is contrasted
with traditional methods to gauge its efficacy in enhancing biosecurity in livestock
environments.

METHODS

Defend water, made from grapefruit seeds, was sprayed in a piggery environment and on theoperator’s body. The study observed the impact of this spray on airborne microbialconcentrations and on the operator’s health, comparing it with a control area without suchtreatment.

RESULTS

Significant reductions in airborne microbial concentrations were observed in the test area
treated with defend water. Aerobic microorganisms showed a reduction of 32.8%, E. coli by
64.6%, and Staphylococcus aureus by 88.4%. Additionally, the use of defend water on theoperator’s body demonstrated a marked decrease in skin-associated bacterial loads, enhancing
the operator’s personal safety. These results demonstrate the efficacy of defend water incontrolling airborne pathogens in a piggery environment and in safeguarding the health of theoperator.

CONCLUSTIONSThe study confirms that defend water spray is a potent tool in reducing airborne microbialconcentrations in piggeries. Its utilization could be a crucial step in enhancing biosecurity andoverall health standards in livestock farming environments.

CONTRIBUTION TO SDGs

The application of defend water aligns with SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) by mitigating
health risks in livestock environments, thereby indirectly benefiting human health. It also
supports SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) by promoting sustainable
farming practices.

Supervisor: Prof. IKEGUCHI Atuso- 15 -

A15 (E0041)

Physicochemical Characterization and Sensory Acceptability ofFortified Cassava Flour with Long-Horned Grasshopper –Kitarasa (Musa spp.)
GASPAR Audifas and KAALE Daniel Lilian
University of Dar es Salaam

BACKGROUNDS

Malnutrition is a significant issue in various African regions, notably Western, Eastern, andSouthern countries. This problem has severe implications for children, leading to conditions
like stunting, wasting, and hindering cognitive development. Pregnant and breastfeeding
women are also affected. A major challenge contributing to this issue is the consumption ofpoor-quality diets, often centered around a single staple food. Particularly in Eastern, Western,
and Central Africa, feeding practices are suboptimal. The growing population further strains
limited resources, intensifying the problem of malnutrition. The goal of this study was toanalyze the nutritional content of raw green Kitarasa (Musa spp.), focusing on both basic
components (fat, protein, moisture, fiber, ash, and carbohydrates) and micronutrients (iron, zinc,calcium, and potassium).

METHODOLOGY

The raw Kitarasa was harvested from three different suckers, each with a slight difference inmaturity. Standard AOAC methods were used for analysis.

RESULTSThe findings revealed significant differences in moisture, fat, calcium, and zinc contents(P≤0.05) among the suckers. However, there was no notable difference in protein, ash, fiber,iron, and potassium composition. The average iron content in raw Kitarasa (Musa spp.) was
16.2 mg/100g, exceeding the recommended dietary allowance of 12 mg/100g. This surpasses
the nutritional requirements for both children under five and women of reproductive age.

CONCLUSTIONS

From the findings of this study, it can therefore be generalized that, Kitarasa has the potential
to serve as a fortifying agent, enhancing the nutritional value of staple foods like cassava. This,in turn, could improve the health of children and women (SDG 2 (2.2, 2.3& 2.4), SDG 3(3.1&3.2), SDG 12 (12.1)). Further research is necessary to determine suitable processing
methods that preserve these nutrients for effective utilization by the body.

Supervisor: Prof. KAALE Daniel Lilian- 16 -

A16 (E0043)

Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Physicochemical Properties of
Honey from Selected Tanzanian Phytochoria
NARWANGO Dorothy Desiderius
University of Dar es Salaam

BACKGROUNDS

Throughout history, honey has been recognized for its medicinal properties, and the extent ofthese properties may differ depending on the type of bee, nectar source, location and season.
This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and physicochemical properties ofhoney from honeybees and stingless bees collected in two seasons from different districts within
Somali-Masai and Zambezian centers of endemism in Tanzanian.

METHODS

The antimicrobial activity of the honey samples against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus
subtilis, Salmonella typhi and Candida albicans was analyzed using an agar well diffusion
method. DPPH radical scavenging method was employed to analyze the antioxidant activity
while standard methods were employed to determine the physicochemical properties of honeysamples which included the pH, sugar content, water content, Total Phenolic and Total
Flavonoid compounds in honey. All the studied parameters were analyzed using multivariate
analysis of variance (MANOVA) in SPSS software.

RESULTSIn all studied parameters there was no significant difference at the phytochoria level (P>0.05).
Results obtained showed significant differences (P<0.05) in the physicochemical properties ofhoney based on type across the districts. Stingless bee honey had higher moisture content (29.39± 0.4%) than honeybee honey (20.07 ± 0.5%). The total phenolic and flavonoid content was
higher (133.9 ± 0.68mgGAE/100g and 105.59 ± 0.56mgRE/100g) respectively, in stinglessbees compared to honeybee honey (111.9 ± 0.29 mgGAE/100g and 83.57 ± 0.31mgRE/100g)
respectively. The microbial inhibition zone ranged from 8.0 ± 0.7mm to 20.67 ± 0.8 mm(honeybee honey) and 10.83±0.3mm to 33.67±2.3mm (stingless bee honey). The observed
differences between the microbial inhibition by stingless and honeybee honey were significant(P<0.05). Generally, honeybee honey from the first season had significantly larger inhibition
zones (14.38 ± 2.48 mm) than those from the second season (9.47 ± 2.63 mm) against the tested
microorganisms (F=6.822, P=0.001). The DPPH radical scavenging capacity was significantly
higher in stingless bee honey than honeybee honey (P<0.05). There was a strong positive
correlation between the antioxidant activity and physicochemical properties of honey (P≤0.01).

CONCLUSTIONS

Conclusively, the composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of honey was variableand dependent on where it was collected from, the plant species, bee type as well as the seasonof harvest. Stingless bees honey had higher phytochemical properties in terms of total phenolic
and flavonoid content than honeybee honey. This would also explain for the elevatedantioxidant and antimicrobial activity of stingless bees over honeybees’ honey. This study
serves as a steppingstone to more studies that will cement the clinical use of Tanzanian stinglessbees’ honey.

Supervisors: Prof. MKABWA Lawrence Manoko and Prof. NANIKE Esterhuizen- 17 -

A17 (E0046)

Assessing Food System Resilience among Rural Communities
Amid Economic and Climate Shocks in Southern Malawi
MAGOMBO Stater Noel and SUGITA Naoki
Utsunomiya University

BACKGROUNDS

Malawi just like other countries has recently been heavily affected by adverse incidences of
economic, climatic, social and political shocks. These calamities have negatively affectedsustainability of food systems among Malawian rural communities hence posing threats tolivelihoods. The country encountered high inflation rates and natural disasters (cyclone lanina
and cyclone freddy) which led to increase on cost of food production, poor food markets anddistribution of food supplies, increased prices of food supplies, low agricultural production andproductivity and loss of land and other productive assets. Such outcomes bring the country’s
goal of achieving food security in jeopardy. This study is therefore designed to assess resilienceof the food systems to the prevailing shocks in order to ensure sustainable food security among
rural households. The study will also identify socio-economic factors that affect household foodsystem resilience.

METHODS

The study will involve identification of major shocks and determine their effect on food system
across its elements such as production, processing, distribution, marketing and consumption. A
determination of household livelihood sources outcomes and their adaptation in relation to foodsecurity will be established. This study targets rural households in southern Malawi.
Questionnaire, FDGs and key informant interviews shall be used to collect data across the foodsystem elements. The data will be analyzed using SPSS.

RESULTSThe research will establish; the effects of the shocks on the food system, adaptive capacity offood system element, responses of the food system towards the shocks, socio economic factors
affecting food system resilience.

CONCLUSTIONSThe study is expected to establish level of food systems resilience among rural communities
and suggest ways for their sustainability. The study will help in formulation of sound projects
that will effectively enhance sustainable agriculture, humanitarian support and recovery
initiatives, Therefore, this research will be able to contribute SDG2: Zero Hunger, SDG1: No
poverty and SDG13: Climate Action.

Supervisor: Prof. SUGITA Naoki- 18 -

A18 (E0052)

Extending the Shelf-Life of Indigenous Vegetables in Ghana:Case of Cocoyam Leaves
MENSAH Duke Nii Tettey, ESSILFIE Gloria, and SAALIA Firibu
University of Ghana

BACKGROUNDS

Cocoyam leaves (Colocasia esculenta or Xanthosoma sagittifolium) are one of Ghana’s
nutritious underutilized vegetables used in soups and stews. Although this crop is nutritious, it
is not mostly consumed due to reasons such as unavailability in large quantities all year round.
To effectively promote cocoyam leaves and mainstream them into the diets of consumers,
especially urban dwellers, there is a need to add value thereby making it available all year round.
This study therefore sought to evaluate preservation technologies that can extend the shelf lifeof cocoyam leaves while maintaining their quality.

METHODSA 2x2x3x3 factorial design with three replications was used. The factors were blanching,sodium metabisulfite, preservation technology (freezing or solar drying), and storage
temperature. Packaged value-added cocoyam leaves were stored for up to 28 days at different
temperatures and analyzed at 7-day intervals. Indices measured were proximate analysis, color,phenolic content, antioxidant activity, flavonoids, and vitamin C. The data was analyzed using
Analysis of Variance.

RESULTS

Results obtained showed that all treatments were able to extend the shelf-life of cocoyam leaves
whilst maintaining the quality. There were no significant differences in the quality indicesmeasured between blanched and unblanched samples except for color. Sensory evaluation
revealed an overall acceptability of all the samples and consumers also indicated a willingness
to purchase the value-added cocoyam leaves.

CONCLUSTIONS

Value addition of cocoyam leaves using simple technologies such as solar drying and freezing
can extend the shelf life, and maintain quality attributes, making them available to urban
dwellers all year round. This would contribute to Sustainable Development Goal 2 and 3

Supervisors: Prof. SAALIA K. Firibu and Prof. ESSILFIE Gloria- 19 -

A19 (E0053)

Chloroplast Movement in Wild Strawberry (Fragaria vesca)

KIPRONO Daisy Jepchirchir1, 2, CYNTHIA Mugo1, and KODAMA Yutaka2
1

Meru University of Science and Technology, 2Utsunomiya University

BACKGROUNDS

Chloroplasts are essential organelles that play a crucial role in photosynthesis, the process bywhich plants convert light energy into chemical energy. The movement of chloroplasts within
the plant cell is a critical mechanism for optimizing photosynthesis (accumulation response)and protecting the plant from excess light and photo-oxidative damage (avoidance response).
The wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca), an ancestral species of the cultivated strawberry,presents an intriguing alternative. Despite its diminutive size, this species harbors a complete
set of genes that are functionally relevant to those of F. x ananassa, arranged in a small diploid
chromosome. Additionally, its shorter vegetative-to-reproductive life cycle facilitates genetic
manipulation and gene editing of economically relevant traits through simpler gene transfer
techniques. These advantages make F. vesca an ideal model for studying chloroplast responses
to environmental changes, such as variations in light and temperature.

METHODS

Fragaria vesca plants were cultivated from runners/ stolon of healthy mother plants andallowed to grow to maturity. After this the trifoliate leaves were used in band assaying, lighttransmittance studies using a photosensor to study the chloroplast response with respect to blue
and red light and microscopic studies to observe the cells and position of the chloroplast.

RESULTS

The preliminary results obtained from this study indicate that chloroplast in Fragaria vesca
respond to blue but not red light. Also, that strong blue light of different intensities 50,100 and
200 photons elicits an avoidance response, while weak blue light of 5, 10 and 20 photons elicit
an accumulation response while the inter-merit intensities of 30 and 40 photons elicited no
response. F. vesca leaves also showed a cold avoidance response at 5ºC under 40 photons anda dark positioning response when plants are deprived off of light.

CONCLUSTIONS

These results advocate for a potential molecular mechanism underlying chloroplast relocation
processes in adaptation to challenging environmental conditions in strawberries. However, tovalidate this hypothesis, a study of chloroplast response to the change of temperature, andfurther functional genomics and molecular genetics studies are necessary to unveil significant
insights into chloroplast dynamics. The implications of this research could be transformative inadvancing sustainable strawberry cultivation systems, and hence contribute to not only SDG 2:(Zero Hunger) but also SDG 3 (Good Health and Well Being), SDG 12: (Responsible
production and consumption), SDG 13 (Climate Action) aligning with SDG 7 (Affordable andClean Energy).

Supervisors: Prof. KODAMA Yutaka and Prof. CYNTHIA Mugo
- 20 -

A20 (E0056)

Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Latent Bacteria in Coconut
Leaves Associated with the Lethal Yellowing Disease Symptoms in
Kenya
OMAR Fatma1, NEONDO Johnstone1, MWEU Cecilia1, and MULI Joshua2
1

Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, 2University of Embu

BACKGROUNDS

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is an economically important palm tree with myriad utilities for
its different parts. This crop significantly contributes to Kenya’s agricultural GDP (1.5%) andnational GDP (0.4%), translating to about US$44.5 million. Despite its economic importance,scanty scientific documentation exists regarding diseases affecting coconuts on the Kenyan
coast. Previous attempts to characterize diseases affecting this plant have failed to diagnose thecausative agents. This cross-sectional study aimed at investigating the genetic diversity of latent
bacteria associated with yellowing symptomatic coconut plants along the Kenyan coast.

METHODS

Sixty-two samples were purposively collected, and their bacterial diversity assessed using
culture-independent methods. DNA was extracted from controls and symptomatic samples
using CTAB method. NGS technique was used to profile the bacterial communities using
amplicons of 16S rRNA sequences (V4 region) with Illumina Mi-seq. Sequence data wasanalyzed using the Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology 2 (QIIME 2) pipeline.

RESULTS

Sixty-two samples were purposively collected, and their bacterial diversity assessed using
culture-independent methods. DNA was extracted from controls and symptomatic samples
using CTAB method. NGS technique was used to profile the bacterial communities using
amplicons of 16S rRNA sequences (V4 region) with Illumina Mi-seq. Sequence data wasanalyzed using the Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology 2 (QIIME 2) pipeline.

CONCLUSTIONS

The research sheds light on potential disease agents, providing molecular evidence of bacterial
pathogens in diseased and healthy coconut plants while revealing variations in bacterial
composition across different counties. The findings emphasize the importance of monitoringand managing these microbes to mitigate risks. This research aligns to SDG2 (Zero Hunger),
SDG1 (No Poverty), and SDG15 (Life on Land). Overall, it offers critical insights for the
Kenyan Coconut Development Authority's efforts in preservation and utilization of coconut
germplasm.

Supervisor: Prof. NEONDO Johnstone- 21 -

A21 (E0057)

Development of Fish-starch Snacks Using a 3D Food Printer1

MURERWA Linsey1, TAMURA Masatsugu2, and OJIJO Nelson1

Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, 2Utsunomiya University

BACKGROUNDS

Silver cyprinid (Rastrineobola argentea), locally known as omena, comprises about 44% of thetotal catch of fish from Lake Victoria on the Kenyan side. It is known to be a nutritionally dense
fish and a relatively cheap inclusion in the human diet. However, its potential as a rich dietary
source of nutrients for humans remains largely unexploited given that the animal feed industry
currently consumes about 70% of the total catch. One of the key reasons for the low dietarycontribution of omena is the lack of value-added products with a wide consumer appeal. This
research therefore aims to introduce 3D Food printing as a new processing technique which
will promote the consumption of this fish. 3D printing is an automated manufacturing processthat deposits layers of raw materials or combines raw materials to create physical 3D structures.

METHODS

The research method to be used will be the response surface methodology to optimize theappropriate processing parameters and also determine the ideal flour-fish blend to be used in
the manufacture of the 3D Fish-Starch Snack products. 3D Printing of the snacks using starchflours and fish powder at various ratios will be done, while varying independent variables suchas (discharge speed, and diameter of the discharge port) under the same temperature, andthereafter, evaluation of the dependent variables (particle size, hardness, dimension retention,
texture, starch digestibility, and color). Evaluation of the nutritious value, functional properties,
and consumer acceptability through sensory evaluation of the raw materials, the gelatinized 3D
printing ink, and the snacks made will then be done. The results will be analyzed by the analysis
of variance (ANOVA) using the Stat-Ease statistical software.

EXPECTED RESULTS

Development and optimization of process parameters and flour-fish blend to make high-quality
snack products.

CONCLUSTIONSThis research intends to develop and characterize novel omena-based products using 3D Food
Printing technology to promote mass consumption across the various social, physiological andincome groups. The research also promotes SDG goals 3: Good Health and well-being, SDG
2: Zero Hunger, and SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production.

Supervisor: Prof. TAMURA Masatsugu- 22 -

A22 (E0061)

Assessing the Engineering and Environmental Efficacy of EcoSan Toilets in Rachuonyo North Sub-County, Homa Bay County,
Kenya
ODOYO Ouma Vincent

Meru University of Science and Technology

BACKGROUNDSThis research addresses the pressing challenges of onsite sanitation in Rachuonyo North SubCounty, where conventional sanitation systems contribute to waterborne diseases andenvironmental degradation. The study evaluates the engineering and environmental efficacy of
eco-san toilets as a sustainable alternative, addressing the gap in knowledge regarding their
specific applicability in this context. The study objectives are 1. Assess the Engineering Design,
Construction, and Technical Functionality of Eco-San Toilets 2. Assess the Environmental
Impact of Eco-San Toilets 3. Analyze the Long-Term Sustainability, Durability, and Economic
Implications of Eco-San Toilets

METHODS

The research employs a comprehensive methodology, including stratified random sampling,
purposive sampling for key stakeholders, cluster sampling, convenience sampling forcommunity surveys, and systematic sampling for onsite inspections. Data collection involves
surveys, interviews, laboratory testing, and onsite assessments.

RESULTS

Preliminary findings indicate variations in the engineering design and construction quality of
eco-san toilets, with noteworthy impacts on the surrounding environment. Nutrient recyclingshows potential and initial economic assessments suggest challenges and opportunities forsustainable adoption.

CONCLUSTIONSThis study contributes valuable insights into the engineering and environmental efficacy of ecosan toilets in Rachuonyo North Sub-County. The results inform policy and decision-making
processes, fostering the adoption of sustainable sanitation practices and offering a template forsimilar contexts globally. The work will contribute to SDG6 and SDG3.

Supervisor: Prof. TOO amd Prof. KUBAI- 23 -

A23 (E0062)

Isolation, Screening and Production of L-asparaginase, AntiCancer Enzyme, from E.coli Isolates from Gubriye Area, Wolkite
University, Ethiopia
TUFA Fikadu Kajelcha1, MOSISA Beri Senbeto2, and TUFA Fikadu Aklilu2
1

Addis Ababa University, 2Wolkite University

BACKGROUNDS

L-Asparaginase is a promising enzyme for cancer treatment, and it found in plants, animals andmicrobes. This enzyme is of greater medical and industrial importance. It is used withinside theremedy of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), tissue and bone ailment in children; andhelpin removing and/or reducing the acryl amide substance found in fried and baked foods thatare carcinogenic in nature. Its source varied from bacteria to yeast and fungi. This study aims
at screening the production of L-asparaginase from E.coli isolated from river and sewage
samples near- by Gubryie area, SNNPR-Ethiopia.

METHODSIn the study E.coli bacteria were isolated from Wabe River and Wolkite University student
cafeteria sewage. The required biochemical tests have been performed to confirm the bacteria.
On E. coli positive samples, Screening of L-asparaginase was performed using phenol red
indicator.

RESULTSThe color change in M9 media from yellow to pink due to the acidic environment created whenL-asparagine degraded to urea indicates the presence of L-asparginase in the potent E.coli cells.
The enzyme production of L- asparaginase was also carried out using submerged fermentation.
During the study, six cells confirmed to be E.coli using TSI, SCA, and gram tests. The potentialof the E. coli cells in producing L-asparginase has also been checked using rapid plate assay
method using indicator dyes, phenol red. Three strains have shown positive result for L-Anasefrom intercellular and extracellular sources when the enzyme activity intracellular measured to
be 20mm compared to the extracellular, which is 9 mm in average. The commonly usedsoftware system is SPSS. The isolate from the sewage have showed better L-Asparaginase
production potency compared to that of Wabe River isolates.

CONCLUSTIONSThis study indicated that the E.coli are promising sources of L-asparginase for food processing
companies and pharmacological units if scaling up of this work has been done in the future.
Therefore, the study contributes to multiple SDGs such as SDG2 (Zero Hunger) apart from
SDG3 (Good Health and Wellbeing).

Supervisor: Prof. BERHANU Admas- 24 -

A24 (E0067)

Construction of a VIGS Vector Based on BaYMV andExamination for the Method of Inoculation
EW Kelvent

Utsunomiya University

BACKGROUNDS

Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) is a bipartite (+) single-stranded RNA virus belonging to
the genus Bymovirus of the family Potyviridae. Recently, the vector expressing green
fluorescent protein (GFP) has been developed using BaYMV and used for resistance gene
analysis. Two-row barley produced in Tochigi Prefecture is mainly used for beer production,and research is being conducted at the gene level to improve quality. Although genome editing
to knockout the expression of target genes is possible, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is
expected to advance the analysis quickly and efficiently. However, since VIGS vectors have
not yet been developed for bymoviruses, we attempted to develop VIGS vectors based on theexpression vector of BaYMV.

METHODSFirst, a partial phytoene desaturase (pds) gene, which is required for chlorophyll synthesis wasinserted into a BaYMV-infectious clone downstream of the P2 gene in RNA 2 for gene gun
inoculation, and susceptible barley cultivar 'New Golden' was used thorough the wholeexperiment. Next, three constructs which the pds gene was inserted downstream of the CP gene,
upstream of the P1 gene, and between the P1 and P2 genes, respectively were created.

RESULTSAs a result, inoculation of the susceptible barley cultivar 'New Golden' resulted in systemic
infection of barley with all four virus vectors, but no chlorosis due to pds silencing was observedin the upper leaves.

CONCLUSTIONS

In conclusion, we are considering inserting the pds gene into different region on viral genome,
and the direction of the inserted gene at the antisense or inverted repeat sequence to improvethe efficiency of VIGS vector. It is necessary to examine inoculation conditions during thefuture experiments such as plant stage and temperature conditions, and we are working toestablish optimal inoculation methods such as using in vitro transcription and Agrobacterium
infiltration. The target of our research is to establish a quicker, cleaner, and more efficient gene
analysis tool for breeding of new barley cultivar, therefore our research will be related to SDG9:
Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure.

Supervisor: Prof. NISHIGAWA Hisashi- 25 -

- 26 -

UU-A STUDENT SUMMIT 2024
Summit Abstracts (B)~ Health Sciences and Social Sciences ~B01 ~ B21

- 27 -

B01 (E0013)

East Asian Nations' COVID-19 Initial Response Strategies:
Lockdown and Border Control Measures
ALGAA Tuvshinzaya
Utsunomiya University

BACKGROUNDSCOVID-19, a disease caused by the coronavirus, originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019.
The virus spread rapidly across China and then to other countries and territories. In the earlystages, most countries primarily focused on curtailing or reducing the likelihood of infectedcases being imported by implementing border control measures. Subsequently, after the virus
was detected within their borders, the countries have imposed lockdowns to prevent outbreakclusters and limit the spread of the virus. The effectiveness and impact of these early measurestaken by East Asian countries have been widely acknowledged by the international community.

PURPOSE AND METHODS

The purpose of this study is to scrutinize the characteristics and outcomes of lockdown andborder control measures implemented by East Asian countries (China, South Korea, Japan, andMongolia) during the early stages of the pandemic, and to identify the factors contributing totheir global recognition. In view of this, we conducted a review of previous studies on lockdown
and border control measures, summarized the key aspects of each country's infection control
measures in a table, and evaluated the impact of these measures on the spread of infection using
an interrupted time-series analysis method. We sourced information on the number of infections
for each country from The Centre for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns
Hopkins University, available on GitHub.

RESULTS

The purpose of this study is to scrutinize the characteristics and outcomes of lockdown andborder control measures implemented by East Asian countries (China, South Korea, Japan, andMongolia) during the early stages of the pandemic, and to identify the factors contributing totheir global recognition. In view of this, we conducted a review of previous studies on lockdown
and border control measures, summarized the key aspects of each country's infection control
measures in a table, and evaluated the impact of these measures on the spread of infection using
an interrupted time-series analysis method. We sourced information on the number of infections
for each country from The Centre for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns
Hopkins University, available on GitHub.

Supervisor: Prof. IIZUKA Akiko- 28 -

B02 (E0017)

Moral Education Class for Students in Conflict
YAMASE Tatsuya

Utsunomiya University

BACKGROUNDSIn the 2018 revision of the Courses of Study in Japan, it was made a subject as a special subject
Morality. The background of this change is the issue of bullying, which requires students to act
on their independent judgment and cultivate moral character to live better with others as
independent human beings. In addition, the morality lessons are linked to all 17 goals of the
SDGs. Issues involving diverse values related to society, daily life, human rights, and thenatural environment are treated as teaching materials, and students are encouraged to think anddiscuss from multiple perspectives and viewpoints. And they acquire the ability to live with asatisfactory solution of moral values. Based on this background, the goal of this study is todesign lessons that enable students to learn in a proactive, interactive, and deep way.

METHODS(1) Survey subjects: A classroom of 3rd grade elementary school students in Utsunomiya City
(2) Practice Details:(i) Inventive class development: Name of material-new record of long rope competition.
Content item-Honesty and sincerity. The main question was divided into three positions fordiscussion: honest, deceitful, and confused. I investigated the learning attitude through classobservation and worksheet descriptions.
(ii) Learning format: Trio-learning:(Wainai, 2018). I developed methods of group discussion
and hand raising presentations. I analyzed their effectiveness using the self-interaction
scale:(Nagasato, 2009) and questionnaire.

RESULTSIn this practical class, students learned while experiencing conflict. Students learned throughconflict. Because from the class and from the worksheets, they were thinking from different
positions. Many of them said, "My first thought is this, but I can understand the opposite thought,
and it's not so easy, I can't feel better". Continued Trio-learning helps students to have a secureidea of self by telling friends and hearing from friends. The analysis results showed that Triolearning increased the autonomy and independence of dialogue on the self-interaction scale,(before M=12.6→after M=13.1,t=-2.15,p<.05). In addition, the questionnaire showed thatmany respondents indicated that they were able to develop their own ideas by discussing what
they did not understand. In summary, the moral education class design was developed toencourage proactive thinking about issues and promote dialogue with oneself and others.

Supervisor: Prof. WAINAI Yoshiki- 29 -

B03 (E0024)

Survival Status and Predictors of Mortality Among Neonates
Admitted with Hyperbilirubinemia
MALO Keto Terefe1,2, ADMASU Mekonen1, and AGA Fekadu1
1

Addis Ababa University, 2Mizan Aman Health Science College

BACKGROUNDS

Neonatal jaundice is a major cause of neonatal intensive care unit admission and is one of theleading causes of morbidity in neonates. However, little is known about the time to death andits predictors among neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess
survival status and predictors of mortality among neonates admitted with hyperbilirubinemia in
neonatal intensive care units of public hospitals in Addis Ababa.

METHODSThis retrospective cohort study was conducted in public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,
and included 380 neonates admitted with hyperbilirubinemia from January 2021 to December
2022. The data was collected from patient cards using a simple random sampling method witha pretested checklist between March 16 and April 16, 2023. Kaplan Meier analysis was used toestimate the median survival time and cumulative probability of survival, while the logrank test
was used to compare survival curves among different predictor groups. The relationshipbetween independent and outcome variables was analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard
regression model, with statistical significance set at a p-value of <0.05 and a 95% confidence
interval.

RESULTSThe overall incidence density of mortality was 18 per 1000 person-day observations (CI: 1325)
with 1980 follow-up days. Several factors were identified as significant predictors of mortality,
including maternal age below 20 years (AHR = 18.2, 95% CI: 3.2–102.7), living in a rural area
(AHR = 4.16, 95% CI: 1.64-10.52), premature rupture of membranes (AHR = 3.49, 95% CI:
1.14-10.66), gestational age below 37 weeks (AHR = 7.3, 95% CI: 1.84-28.8), birth weight
below 2500gm (AHR = 15.1, 95% CI: 3.85-59.5), requiring both phototherapy and exchange
blood transfusions (AHR = 48.6, 95% CI: 7.30323.4), and presence of sepsis (AHR = 3.03,
95% CI: 1.17-7.9).

CONCLUSIONSThe neonatal mortality among neonates admitted with hyperbilirubinemia in Addis Ababa
hospitals is high. This suggests that there is room for improvement to meet the 2030 WHO
target of 12 or fewer deaths per 1,000 live births. Therefore, emphasis should be given toneonates who were born from a mother whose age is <20 years and from rural settings, present
with PROM and neonates with GA <37 weeks, Birth weight <2500gm and neonates with sepsis.

Supervisors: Prof. MEKONEN Admasu, Prof. FEKADU Aga- 30 -

B04 (E0031)

Study on Automatic Measurement of Capped Honeybee Brood
Cells Using PSPNet
SUGIMORI Kanju and HASEGAWA Madoka
Utsunomiya University

BACKGROUNDSHoneybees play an important role as major pollinators for cultivating fruits and vegetables.
However, the shortage of honeybees has frequently become a significant issue. The causes ofthe shortage are pesticide spraying, mite infestations, and unpredictable weather conditions. To
facilitate early detection of the shortage, monitoring the health status of beehives is crucial. To
assess the health of bee colonies, measuring the brood area has proven effective as an indicatorof colony vigor. Currently, beekeepers rely on visual inspections of numerous hives to makejudgments. This process is time-consuming, and evaluations of hive frames vary depending on
the individual conducting the inspection. Therefore, there is a pressing need for a more efficientand consistent quantitative measurement using image processing techniques.

METHODS

We studied on a measurement method utilizing PSPNet, a semantic segmentation model thatclassifies at the pixel level, to categorize honeycomb images into two classes: ‘regions ofcapped brood’ and ‘other regions.’ Improving the classification accuracy typically demands a
substantial volume of training data. However, the existing honeycomb image dataset is limited.
Therefore, we used the strategy of fine-tuning a pre-trained model on an image set designed forscene image segmentation and applied it to honeycomb images, incorporating data
augmentation for enhanced performance.

RESULTS

Simulation results indicated an average accuracy of 97.5% for 21 test images. The precision,
recall, and F1-score were 92.3%, 81.0%, and 83.3%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

We studied a method utilizing PSPNet for measuring capped honeybee brood. We applied finetuning on a large dataset with data augmentation. Compared to a conventional method, there
were fewer false positives for pollen and larvae cells, and faster inference speeds were achieved.
Our research has the potential to contribute to SDG 2: Zero Hunger and SDG 9: Industry,Innovation, and Infrastructure.

Supervisor: Prof. HASEGAWA Madoka- 31 -

B05 (E0032)

Universities’ Democratic Culture and Youth Political
Participation in Africa
DULO Abraham

Addis Ababa University

BACKGROUNDS

A society's democratic existence is largely dependent on the involvement of youth in theirnation’s development activities (Badaru & Adu, 2021). Higher education is regarded to have afairly large impact on the socio-economic and political wellbeing of a nation because of its
function in preparing the young for life in the society today and in the future (Kam & Palmer,
2008; Mayer, 2011). Particularly, through their organizational culture, universities would
cultivate political participation among the young generations including university students(Sloam, Kisby, Henn, & Oldfield, 2021). However, the pursuit of democracy has not been fully
achieved in emerging nations such as African where young people's political engagement hasremained minimal. The previous studies on the issue disregarded the context of emerging
democracies and the influence of meso-level factors on youth political participation. The,
current study, on the other hand, examined the contributions of higher education culture topolitical engagement among university students in Africa with main focus on Ethiopia.
Therefore, the study has significant implications for sustainable development goal 4, 8, 10 and
16 combining the issues of education, inclusive growth, inequality, and institutions wellbeing.

METHODS

The research employed quantitative research approach along with cross-sectional survey design.
Data were collected through questionnaire from 540 students selected from public universities
in Ethiopia through random sampling technique. Based on the nature of data, analysis was
conducted quantitatively.

RESULTS

According to the result of the study, activism and disengagement appeared to be the mostprevalent forms of political participation among university students; and state of democracy
culture in the universities seem to be more likely to positively influence patterns of politicalparticipation among students.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the findings, it was concluded that establishing culture of democracy in universities
would improve the students’ political participation which eventually helps country’s progress
towards democratization.

Supervisor: Prof. NEKATIBEB Teshome- 32 -

B06 (E0036)

Empowering Women and Girls: Sexual Reproductive Health inCape Coast Metropolitan Area
ADJEI-MAWUTOR Gideon
University of Ghana

BACKGROUNDSThe World Health Organization defines unsafe abortion as procedures conducted without
proper skills or in substandard medical conditions. From 2010 to 2014, 97% of global abortions
occurred in low-income countries, with higher rates in nations with restrictive abortion laws.
Despite liberal laws, barriers like facility requirements and waiting periods lead to unsafe
abortions. Self-managed abortions with pills can reduce maternal mortality, but inadequate
information poses risks. In West Africa, all abortions were unsafe in 1995, 2003, and 2008,
contributing to complications and 14% of maternal deaths in Africa. Unsafe abortions cause
health problems, hospitalizing five million women yearly. In Ghana, 15% of women aged 15–
49 sought unsafe abortions, with varying rates across regions. Unsafe abortions in Ghana strain
resources, increase maternal mortality, and face stigma despite liberal laws. Limited data
impedes planning reproductive health services, and a 2017 Guttmacher Institute study estimated
23% of pregnancies in Ghana ended in abortion, contributing to maternal morbidity andmortality. Despite studies, national representation is lacking.

METHODSThis study employed a qualitative research approach. Primary data, gathered throughquestionnaires and interviews focused on 100 women aged 15-35 in Cape Coast. Conveniencesampling ensured easy data access. Secondary data was sourced from journals on Google
Scholar, Sci-Hub, JSTOR, and Sage.

RESULTS

There was increased awareness of sexual reproductive health centres and clinics. Yet economic
reasons prevented most women and girls from accessing these facilities. It was using
contraceptives were deemed as luxurious. In addition, male partners forbade women and girls
from accessing sexual and reproductive health centres.
Subsequently, abortion was less likely accepted. If a girl or woman was found to be mistakenly
pregnant, they preferred to have the child. Teenage pregnancy was on the rise due to socioeconomic factors, which led to many school dropouts inducing a cycle of poverty among thewomen and girls.

Supervisor: Prof. KWASI Richmond- 33 -

B07 (E0038)

Storage Stability of Maize Flour: A Review Paper

MUSYOKA James Ndambuki, SILA Daniel, and ONYANGO Arnold
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology

BACKGROUNDS

Maize ranks as the second most widely produced cereal crop in the world after wheat. Morethan 90% of maize is produced in developing countries. Maize remains an important cereal,especially in Kenya where it is highly consumed. Maize is processed by wet milling, the dry
grind process for ethanol production, dry milling and nixtamalization processing. Maize flour
is susceptible to deterioration and spoilage during storage due to various factors. These include
the growth and activities of microorganisms, enzymatic reactions within the food, and chemical
reactions. The objective of this study was to review the storage stability of maize flour.

METHODS

Data was collected using secondary data to enable us to ascertain the storage stability of maize
flour in Kenya.

RESULTS

The information collected showed that the quality of maize grain remains stable for a longer
duration when the kernels are kept intact. However, once the grain is ground into a meal, itsquality deteriorates rapidly. Grinding disrupts the kernel's structure by breaking cell walls,leaving the endosperm vulnerable to enzymatic, microbial, insect, and environmental attacks.
This leads to deteriorative processes within the flour, including free radical oxidation, nonenzymatic reactions altering proteins, lipids, and sugars, thereby affecting the chemical andquality parameters of maize flour and its milling products.

CONCLUSIONSThe secondary data indicates that the storage stability of maize flour is affected by milling.
Milling leaves the flour vulnerable to enzymatic and microbial hence the maize flour rich ingerm and bran deteriorates faster than the one which the components have been removed.
Therefore, our research will be able to contribute to SDG2: Zero Hunger, SDG 9: Industry,Innovation and Infrastructure, SDG12: Responsible Consumption and Production and SDG13:
Climate Action.

Supervisors: Prof. SILA Daniel and Prof. ONYANGO Arnold- 34 -

B08 (E0039)

Processing of Aerial yam-soy Functional Beverage: Influence on
Rheological, Sensory and Phytochemical Properties
DIONICE Crispin Ndelende, VICENT Victor, and RWEYEMAMU Leonard
University of Dar es Salaam

BACKGROUNDS

Aerial yams and soybeans are plant-based foods that remain underutilized in Tanzania, despite
their potential health benefits. Studies indicated that both aerial yams and soybeans containseveral essential nutrients and phytochemicals such as saponins, tannins, flavonoids, sterols,
polyphenols, glycosides, carotenoids, and steroidal saponins, which may exhibit high biologicalactivity and potential therapeutic effects for various diseases. The role of diet in controlling andtreatment of diseases is known, and dietary supplementation with nutrient rich foods, such as
soy milk that possess potent phytochemicals is crucial and can reduce disease frequency.
However, there is a lack of understanding about how aerial yams and soymilk can effectively
be used as ingredients in formulating functional food to enhance their phytochemical properties.
Therefore, this study is designed to combine the two beverages and assess the rheological,
sensory and phytochemical properties.

METHODS

Materials will be procured from the local market and process them individually into juices andmilk. Subsequently, these juices will be blended in various ratios, and a comprehensive analysis
will be conducted to assess their rheological, sensory, and phytochemical properties.

EXPECTED OUTCOMESThe final beverage is anticipated to exhibit a rich profile of phytochemicals, demonstrating
favorable flow behavior and garnering consumer acceptance. It is envisaged to be seamlessly
incorporated into a regular diet, offering benefits beyond mere nutrition and potentially serving
as a therapeutic option for various diseases.

CONCLUSIONS

Enhancing the value of an underutilized crop through this process will not only contribute to
Food Security (SDG 2) but also presents an opportunity for the prevention and treatment of
Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) (SDG 3). This innovative approach aligns with broader
sustainability goals and health initiatives.

Supervisors: Prof. VICENT Victor and Prof. RWEYEMAMU Leonard- 35 -

B09 (E0042)

The Role of Urban Agriculture on Community and City
Resilience in Kinondoni Municipality, Dar es Salaam
MASELE Wilson Elias1, MAJULE Amos1, and THORN Jessica2
1

University of Dar es Salaam, 2University of St Andrews

INTRODUCTIONS

The complex interplay among social dynamics, the physical infrastructure, and natural
ecosystems gives rise to various challenges within urban areas. The challenges in cities
encompass population growth, unemployment, high food and fuel costs, biodiversity loss, andclimate-related issues. These challenges are amplified by human intervention and others by
climate change. Urban agriculture has emerged as a key strategy to address these challenges
and improve city livability by mitigating negative impacts. This study examines the role ofurban agriculture in building resilient cities and communities in the face of environmental,social, and economic challenges. The objective is to examine the role of urban agriculture inbuilding resilient cities and communities.

METHODOLOGY

The study utilizes various methods to assess the spatial and temporal coverage of urban
agriculture and vegetation health in the city from 2002 to 2022. Land cover maps were createdusing the Google Earth Historical Imagery. Landsat imagery was used to analyse theNormalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVIs), followed by trend analysis to assess theirchanges. Information regarding the challenges and opportunities of urban agriculture wascollected through a household survey (n = 233), Focus Group Discussions (n = 4), and Key
Informant Interviews (n = 25). Participants expressed their agreement levels on challenges,
opportunities and contributions of urban agriculture towards community and city resilience
using a Likert scale questionnaire. A 2-test, cross-tabulation, one-way ANOVA, and SWOT
analysis were used for data analysis.

RESULTS

Results indicate that urban agricultural land decreased from 84.2% in 2002 to 50.2% of total
land cover in 2022 in Bunju, while in Mabwepande, decreased from 77.7% in 2002 to 55.5%
in 2022. Similarly, in Makumbusho, it dropped from 9.8% in 2002 to 3.5% in 2022.

CONCLUSIONSThis study highlights the importance of addressing government policies, land access, eviction
concerns, enforcement mechanisms, and extension services to improve the prospects andeffectiveness of urban agriculture in Kinondoni Municipality.

Supervisors: Prof. MAJULE Amos and Prof. THORN Jessica- 36 -

B10 (E0044)

Discrimination in Japan: Perceptions Held by Foreigners Livingin Tochigi Prefecture
MBIRU Peter Kimani
Utsunomiya University

BACKGROUNDSWith Japan’s recent declining and aging population, the government has increasingly turned toimmigration to have the manpower needed to remain economically competitive. The numberof foreigners in Japan has increased rapidly in a country that has often been thought of as
homogeneous. The foreign population in Japan as of January 2023 was 2.39% which was anincrease of 10.7% from the previous year. With foreigners being such a minority and increasing
so rapidly, understanding foreigners' perceptions of discrimination takes on a new urgency. This
study looked at discrimination in Japan and the perceptions held by foreigners living in Tochigi
prefecture.

METHODS

A structured online questionnaire was used to gather data about 74 participants' demographics,
experiences of discrimination, and perceptions regarding the causes and consequences of
discrimination. The research used a qualitative methodology alongside the concurrent
collection of quantitative data. Thematic analysis was utilized to scrutinize the qualitative data
derived from open-ended questions. Descriptive analysis was applied to examine and present
the data collected from participants systematically.

RESULTSA notable 77% of the participants in the study reported experiencing incidents perceived as
discriminatory during the survey. Men, especially those from developed countries, exhibited
higher rates of reporting perceived discrimination. Intriguingly, women reported comparatively
lower levels of perceived discrimination.

CONCLUSIONSThe study shows that discrimination is perceived as a problem by foreigners living in Tochigi
prefecture. Addressing discrimination will require a multi-faceted approach that encompasses
substantial civil education, policy, and educational reforms to cultivate a more inclusive societythat values and appreciates cultural diversity. Consequently, this research will contribute to
SDG5: Gender Equality, SDG10: Reduced Inequalities, and SDG16: Peace, Justice, and Strong
Institutions.

Supervisor: Prof. SAKAMOTO Kumiko- 37 -

B11 (E0047)

The Ghanaian Experience and Issues of Establishing Vocational
Pedagogy at Purely Academic Institutions: The Views of Lecturers
FRIMPONG Andrew Charles
Utsunomiya University

BACKGROUNDSThe aim of aligning secondary education with industrial needs, by incorporating technical andvocational education (TVE), has prompted universities and institutions involved in training
TVE teachers to integrate hands-on training into their courses. However, concerns have arisen
regarding how universities can effectively blend hands-on training with their academic
traditions. This study examines the integration of hands-on practical training in the pre-service
of TVE teachers at Akenten-Appia Minka University of Skill Training and Entrepreneurial
Development (AAMUSTED) in Ghana.

METHODS

The approved undergraduate programs of AAMUSTED were examined to understand how
practical lessons are integrated into the curriculum. Following this, 23 teaching staff members
involved in pre-service training of TVE teachers were interviewed to assess the challenges
associated with incorporating practical lessons into the university-level TVE teacher training
program.

FINDINGSThe study finds that universities can incorporate hands-on practical training into TVE teacher
preparation programs, albeit with a significant portion taking place in industrial settings. Thisapproach enables educators to gain dual qualifications. However, differing opinions exist
regarding the effect of industry recognition: some believe it improves professional skills andcredibility, while others caution it may incentivize teachers to exit the education sector for morelucrative opportunities in the industry.

CONCLUSIONSIn conclusion, effective integration of hands-on training in TVE teacher training programs
requires active collaboration between academic institutions and industries. This collaboration
is vital for providing prospective TVE teachers with the necessary theoretical and practicalskills to meet industry demands. This study contributes to SDGs 4 and 8, which aim to ensure
quality education and promote decent work and economic growth, respectively.

Supervisor: Prof. SAKAMOTO Kumiko- 38 -

B12 (E0058)

Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing
Escherichia coli in Livestock and Abattoir Workers
AMOAH Frederick Obeng
University of Ghana

BACKGROUNDS

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health issue, particularly affecting low andmiddle-income countries, leading to significant mortality and morbidity. Transmission ofresistance, including through zoonotic routes, is a major concern. Extended-spectrum betalactamase-producing bacteria, resistant to vital antibiotics like extended-spectrum
cephalosporins, are commonly found in animals, potentially posing a risk of transmission tohumans. This study focuses on assessing the carriage of such bacteria in abattoir workers andlivestock, exploring transmission possibilities. Specifically, it aims to evaluate the fecal
carriage of ESBL-producing E. coli and associated risk factors among Sekondi-Takoradi
abattoir workers and livestock.

METHODS

From January to April 2024, a comparative cross-sectional study in Sekondi-Takoradi will
examine ESBL-EC transmission dynamics among abattoir workers and non-workers. Samples
from workers and livestock will be cultured, sequenced, and analyzed via bivariate and logistic
regression to identify risk factors. The study aims to elucidate ESBL-EC transmission dynamics
and associated risks.

EXPECTED OUTCOME

Data obtained would help determine the carriage of ESBL-EC in livestock and abattoir workers
the genetic similarities of resistant bacteria present and risk factors for ESBL-EC carriage inabattoir workers.

CONCLUSIONSThis study aligns with SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities
and Communities) by identifying risk factors for ESBL-EC transmission in abattoir workers,
informing occupational and public health interventions. Additionally, it aids in understanding
the spread of antimicrobial resistance across human and animal populations, crucial for
combating antimicrobial resistance (SDG 3.3).

Supervisors: Prof. LABI Appiah-Korang and Prof. EGYIR Beverly- 39 -

B13 (E0063)

A Retrospective Study on The Epidemiology and Trends of Road
Traffic Accidents, Fatalities and Injuries in Three Municipalities
of Dar es Salaam Region, Tanzania Between 2014-2018

WALUGEMBE Francis1, LEVIRA Francis2, GANESH Balasubramanian3, and
LWETOIJERA Dickson Wilson2

1

Nelson Mandela Institute of Science and Technology, 2Environmental Health and Ecological
Sciences Department, 3ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology

INTRODUCTION

Over 90% of injuries and deaths still occur in low and middle-income countries like Tanzania
due to Road traffic accidents. Available literature indicates that Tanzania suffers massive
human and economic losses every year from RTAs despite several interventions that have been
made to curb this scourge. To gain an insight into the current state of RTAs we examined thepre- historical case fatality rates from RTAs in Ilala and two other municipalities (Kinondoni
and Temeke) in Dar es Salaam Region, Tanzania.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective study using the secondary data on road accidents from Road
Accident Information System (RAIS) for the period 2014 to 2018.

RESULTSA total of 6,772 road traffic injuries were reported between 2014 and 2018 and the study
recorded the highest RTAs in the year 2014 as compared to the other years within the study
period. The death rate from RTAs in Ilala Municipality alone was 36.4 per 100,000 population.
About 28% of the total fatalities were recorded among the pedestrians, and there was asignificant difference (P < 0.05) in the RTAs among the other road users.

CONCLUSTIONSThis study feeds into SDG 3.6 and recommends the improvement of road transport
infrastructure to ensure safety for all the road users by implementing the existing policies,
strengthening the enforcement of existing legislation and introducing express penalties on areal-time basis. We encourage the use of this data to develop strategies in Tanzania that protect
pedestrians and other vulnerable road users from RTAs.

Supervisors: Prof. LEVIRA Francis and Prof. LWETOIJERA Dickson Wilson- 40 -

B14 (E0065)

Assessment of WASH Interventions in Controlling Cholera
Outbreaks among Households in Garissa County, Kenya
MWENDE Emmah, KAIMURI MaryJoy, and MUTEMBEI Josephine
Meru University of Science and Technology

BACKGROUNDSWASH, emphasizing improved water access, sanitation, and hygiene, aims to prevent
waterborne diseases like cholera, which is a severe bacterial enteric disease. In regions lacking
adequate infrastructure, cholera outbreaks pose significant threats highlighting the urgency oftargeted WASH Interventions. These programs, involving community engagement andinfrastructure development, play a vital role in controlling these outbreaks and improving publichealth. The study aims to assess WASH interventions in cholera control and prevention,
providing valuable insights for public health initiatives.

METHODS

The study will employ a descriptive survey design incorporating both qualitative andquantitative approaches. Data will be gathered from 422 heads of households through structured
questionnaires and observational insights. Additionally, Key Informant interviews will provide
qualitative perspectives. Multivariate regression analysis will be conducted to explore therelationships between various factors and the control of cholera outbreaks.

RESULTS

The study, currently in the proposal stage, is slated for data collection and analysis in March
2024. Anticipated results will shed light on the effects of WASH interventions, encompassing
factors like clean water access, sanitation facility availability, effectiveness of hygiene
campaigns, success of behavior change initiatives, and impact of health education programs.
The study aims to yield comprehensive insights into how these elements collectively contributeto controlling cholera outbreaks.

CONCLUSTIONSThe study closely aligns with multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by theUnited Nations. It directly contributes to SDG 3 by seeking to decrease cholera outbreaks andenhance population health, while also addressing SDG 6's goals of universal access to cleanwater and adequate sanitation crucial for cholera prevention.

Supervisors: Prof. KAIMURI MaryJoy and Prof. MUTEMBEI Josephine- 41 -

B15 (E0070)

Barriers to High School Admission for School-Aged Foreign Students
RI Buncho

Utsunomiya University

BACKGROUNDSThis study focuses on high school admission support for overage students with foreign roots inJapan. In general, overage students with foreign roots have faced various difficulties andhardships in terms of learning, including opportunities to learn Japanese. Needless to say,Japanese language is the biggest barrier for foreign students to enter high school. In Japan, thedistribution of Japanese language support for entering high school is unbalanced, and the issueof how to get students from areas with poor support to enroll in high school remains a challenge.

METHODSThis study was conducted through interviews with 13 students living in Chiba, Tokyo, andTochigi Prefectures who had passed the exams and who are preparing to take the exams.
Questions were asked in three areas: 1) learning; 2) living; and 3) recognizing, and each
student's life story was listened to find out what their specific challenges had been.

RESULTS

By comparing the stories of students who failed and those who passed the exam, we can divide
the factors that contribute to success or failure in entering high school into two categories:
personal factors and external factors.

CONCLUSTIONS

One of the important reasons for success in entering higher education is knowledge of theJapanese system of higher education and a successful study strategy for entrance exams. In
areas where there are no tabunka-freeschools that specialize in school counseling and resources
to support students, the author recommends that the local city hall and education committee
work together to help students and their parents make an appointment with the educationcommittee when they first arrive in Japan to introduce the system to the students. The author
also suggest that local education committee could introduce contact information for tabunkafreeschools , so that students can get in touch with tabunka-freeschools via the Internet to obtainstudy programs and appropriate preparation materials.

Supervisor: Prof. YOSHIDA Kazuhiko- 42 -

B16 (E0072)

Unlocking Triple Impact: Kobe Beef's Contribution to Decent
Work (SDG 8), Responsible Consumption (SDG 12), and Climate
Action (SDG 13) in Alignment with the SDGs
GRACIA Lidia

Utsunomiya University

BACKGROUNDS

Kobe beef, a pinnacle of Japanese culinary artistry, holds cultural significance and drives
economic activity domestically and internationally. Amid scrutiny of the luxury food industry's
environmental and ethical impact, the production of Kobe beef serves as a focal point, aligningwith SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and emphasizing fair labor practices. The
examination of sustainable practices in the luxury food sector resonates with SDG 12(Responsible Consumption and Production). Additionally, the study aims to understand how
this industry participates in being environmentally responsible in food production, supporting
SDG 13 (Climate Action).

METHODSThis study utilizes in-depth interviews, stakeholder analysis, and content analysis of industry
practices to examine the social, economic, and environmental dimensions of Kobe beef
production. Data collection involves engaging with farmers, workers, consumers, and industry
experts to understand the nuances of the beef production process.

RESULTSThe findings reveal a significant positive impact of Kobe beef production on SDG 8, as itprovides employment opportunities, fair wages, and safe working conditions for local
communities. Additionally, the study highlights how Kobe beef contributes to SDG 12 bypromoting responsible consumption through transparent supply chains, ethical practices, andthe promotion of local economies. Furthermore, the research demonstrates Kobe beef'salignment with SDG 13 by showcasing sustainable agricultural practices that mitigate climatechange, emphasizing carbon-neutral farming methods and land-use efficiency.

CONCLUSTIONSThis study underscores the potential for specific industries, such as Kobe beef production, toserve as catalysts for achieving multiple SDGs simultaneously. By promoting decent work,
responsible consumption, and climate action, Kobe beef exemplifies a model for sustainable
development. Policymakers, stakeholders, and consumers can draw valuable insights from thiscase study to inform strategies for fostering holistic and impactful approaches to addressing
global challenges in alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals.

Supervisor: Prof. YOKOTA Shinso- 43 -

B17 (E0085)

Weight Perception and Risk of Non-Communicable Diseases
among Female Adults Living in Accra Metropolis
ASIEDU Enoch Sam Sakyi
University of Ghana

INTRODUCTION

The surge in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among female adults livingin the Accra metropolis is alarming. This is because NCDs have been associated with the highmortality rate in the country. Over the years, researchers have become interested in finding thecauses of these NCDs. Existing studies have looked at the objective measurement like the bodymass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and their association with the prevalence on the
NCDs without attention to how respondents perceive their own weights. Studies outside thecountry have linked weight perception to the development of NCDs. However, there is no
documentation on the relationship between weight perception and the prevalence of NCDs in
the Ghanaian context. The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between weightperception and non-communicable diseases (obesity, diabetes, and hypertension) among female
adults living in Accra Metropolis.

METHODSThis study will use a cross-sectional design to conduct a survey on three hundred and seventyfive (375) participants. Study population will be female adults aged (18 to 65 years) living in
the Accra Metropolis. Their demographic data, dietary intake (using a single 24-hour recall anddiet quality questionnaire), anthropometric measurement (weight, height, hip and waist
circumference), weight perception, blood pressure, and random blood glucose levels will becollected. Data analysis will be done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)
version 27.

EXPECTED OUTCOME

Study outcomes will reveal the prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension in the targeted
population. Finding from this study will also inform a targeted nutrition intervention whichaligns with the broader global public health agenda of achieving Sustainable Development
Goals (SDG 3), which emphasize the importance of reducing the burden of NCDs andpromoting "Good health and well-being" in the global population.

Supervisors: Prof. OHEMENG Agartha Narki and OTOO Gloria Ethel- 44 -

B18 (E0086)

Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistant Profiles of Nasal Carriage ofStaphylococcus Aureus and Coagulase Spp. among HealthWorkers in Selected Hospitals in Makueni County
NZOMO Caroline Mumbua, MABEYA Sepha, and KARIUKI SamuelJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology

BACKGROUNDS

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus species (CONS)
are prominent pathogens in healthcare, posing risks due to antibiotic resistance and healthcare
worker (HCW) transmission. This study, based in Makueni County, focuses on 294 HCWs in
selected health hospitals.

METHODOLOGYThe Cochran formula determines the sample size after obtaining consent. Swabs will be
cultured in mannitol salt agar (MSA), identifying strains through various tests. Antimicrobial
susceptibility will be assessed via the Kirby-Bauer method, and the mecA gene will beidentified through multiplex PCR. Statistical analyses will be performed using SPSS v21.0
software.

RESULTS

The study aims to disclose the prevalence and resistance profiles of S. aureus and CONS among
HCWs, providing crucial insights for infection prevention and treatment strategies in hospitals.

CONCLUSTIONSThe study will be significant in understanding bacterial transmision, this research willcontribute to combatting infections related to S. aureus and CONS, aligning with Sustainable
Development Goal 3 (SDG3): Ensuring Good Health and Well-being.

Supervisor: Prof. MABEYA Sepha- 45 -

B19 (E0087)

Gender Inequality in Management Decision Making at the
Tertiary Level: The Case of Tamale Technical University
AWUNI Cynthia Azochiman1,2 and WRIGLEY-ASANTE Charlotte1
1

University of Ghana, 2Tamale Technical University

BACKGROUNDSThis research centers on gender inequalities at the university level. Its primary objective is to
identify and address challenges related to gender disparities in higher education management,
offering viable solutions. The study critically analyzes the underrepresentation of women inacademic and administrative roles, emphasizing the necessity for comprehensive
recommendations.

METHODS

Conducted at Tamale Technical University in August 2021, and utilizing qualitative datacollected through purposive sampling. Participants, primarily teaching and non-teaching staff
in management roles, underwent in-depth interviews involving 7 females and 5 males. Theinterviews were conducted in English, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed through thematic
analysis. Ethical considerations were addressed and the researcher's dual role as a graduate
student and institution staff was managed.

RESULTS

The study reveals a significant dearth of women in various decision-making levels within
university management, emphasizing a notable inadequacy in their involvement. Barriers towomen's participation fall into institutional barriers including lobbying complexities, politicalmaneuvering, ethnic considerations, male chauvinism, stereotyping, and a lack of supportive
structures. Societal barriers are rooted in acculturation norms, marriage responsibilities, family
duties, and restricted resource access. Self-imposed barriers involve women's hesitation incompetitive activities, lack of assertiveness, and reluctance to support fellow women, often
attributed to perceived discrimination.

CONCLUSTIONSThe study concludes that the absence of women in management is starkly influenced bydiscriminatory practices and cultural factors. Women's roles are shaped by Islamized,
traditional, and patriarchal influences, perpetuating misconceptions about their leadershipcapabilities. The research emphasizes significant disparities between men and women in theuniversity's management structure. The internalized belief that certain spaces are unsuitable forwomen perpetuates barriers that necessitate comprehensive strategies and interventions tofoster a more inclusive and equitable environment for women in higher education leadership.

Supervisor: Prof. WRIGLEY-ASANTE Charlotte- 46 -

B20 (E0088)

Exploration of Food-Related Factors Causing Hypertension in
Asuncion, Paraguay
NAKANO Yoshihito, CABALLERO Yuko
Utsunomiya University

BACKGROUNDS

Previous research by the Non-communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
reported that the Republic of Paraguay had the highest hypertension prevalence among 200
countries in 2019. However, there is limited evidence regarding the relationship between
hypertension and salt intake from foods in Paraguay. This study aims to explore sources of highsalt intake in Paraguayan foods and clarify food-related factors causing hypertension.

METHODS

We collected 22 food samples commonly consumed in Paraguay, and measured salt
concentration with a salinometer. In addition, to analyze hypertension, defined as having highsystolic (≥140 mmHg) or diastolic (≥90 mmHg) blood pressure, we conducted logistic
regression analysis on demographic data, Body Mass Index (BMI), and Food Frequency
Questionnaire (FFQ) from 355 urban volunteers (Asunción).

RESULTS

Results showed that chicken risotto (guiso de pollo con arroz) contained 6.3 g of salt per serving,surpassing the WHO's recommendation of > 5 g per day. Processed foods such as salami, drycured ham, and breadstick (grissini) showed high salt densities (5.2%, 5.1%, and 2.0%,
respectively). Logistic regression analysis results showed that sex, dieting, cassava
consumption, and illnesses (except for hypertension, diabetes, heart diseases, andhyperlipidemia) were positively associated with hypertension (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSTIONSThis study's findings advocate for reduced salt intake and improved nutrition education in
Paraguay, contributing to SDG 3 by promoting health and well-being through decreased
hypertension. Simultaneously, it supports SDG 12 by encouraging responsible consumption
and production of food products, and SDG 17 by highlighting the need for collaborative
partnerships across sectors to implement these health-promoting strategies effectively."Supervisor: Prof. CABALLERO Yuko

- 47 -

B21 (E0089)

Evaluation of Air-Water Two-Phase Flow as an Effective
Cleaning Method for Water Pipes
ISLAM MD Rashedul
Utsunomiya University

BACKGROUNDS

Access to clean drinking water is crucial for the well-being and development of communities
worldwide, as well as the 6th goal of SDGs. However, in many developing countries, ensuring
the provision of safe drinking water remains a challenge. Water purification plants may produce
drinkable water, but it often becomes contaminated as it passes through distribution pipe
systems due to inadequate maintenance and cleaning. This paper aims to evaluate air-water
two-phase flow as a cleaning method suitable for developing countries.

METHODS

The methodology employed in this study involved several key steps. First, test pieces (TP) werecreated using samples made of Portland cement and plaster to simulate common adhesion inwater distribution pipelines. Afterward, the samples were cured for 24 hours to achievesufficient strength. The cured TP were then set within the pipeline of a testing facility torepresent a contaminated pipe. Two TP were placed per cleaning cycle, one in the upstream
section and one in the downstream section. This setup allowed for evaluating cleaning
effectiveness at different pipeline locations. Two different initial statuses were considered: one
where the pipeline was initially filled with water and another where the pipeline was initiallyempty.

RESULTSThe results of the cleaning simulation are summarized, highlighting the impact of the initialstate of water in the pipeline on the cleaning efficiency and the influence of various parameterson the cleaning process. The results indicate that the initial state of water in the pipeline
significantly influences the cleaning efficiency. TPs subjected to an initial state of being full ofwater (TP 1,2,3 and 4) demonstrated shorter cleaning times compared to those initially empty(TP 5 and 6). This finding suggests that the presence of water in the pipeline at the start of thecleaning process increase the effectiveness of the air-water two-phase flow method.

CONCLUSTIONS

In conclusion, the study on air-water two-phase flow as a cleaning method for pipeline systems,
especially in developing countries, highlights the importance of the initial water state incleaning efficiency. This research significantly contributes to SDG 6: Clean Water andSanitation by exploring innovative pipeline cleaning techniques, supporting global efforts toensure access to safe water and sanitation for all. Efficient pipe cleaning methods enhance water
infrastructure performance, directly advancing SDG 6 targets in developing nations.

Supervisor: Prof. YAMAOKA Satoshi- 48 -

UU-A STUDENT SUMMIT 2024
Summit Abstracts (C)~ Engineering and Telecommunication ~C01 ~ C15

- 49 -

C01 (E0008)

Electromagnetic Radiation from Laser-Generated Plasma with
Longitudinal Electric Field When Gas Is Changed
KASHIHARA Ren

Utsunomiya University

BACKGROUNDSElectrons, protons, and ions are called charged particles. Charged particles can be accelerated
by an electric field using an accelerator. Accelerators are used in particle physics and cancer
treatment. Cancer treatment using an accelerator can kill cancer cells deep within the bodywithout damaging healthy cells. We are conducting research on a new method, an accelerator
that uses laser-generated plasma. If laser-generated plasma can be put into practical use,
accelerator therapy can be expected to become more widespread as the equipment becomes
smaller and more sophisticated. The structure of an accelerator using laser-produced plasma
can be roughly divided into two parts. One is the part that extracts charged particles from theplasma, and the other part is that accelerates the charged particles using the plasma-derived
electric field. This research is about the second part, which is acceleration. The characteristicsof the electric field derived from plasma were investigated experimentally.

METHODS

A laser pulse with an energy of 75 mJ, a pulse width of 100 fs, and a frequency of 10 Hz was
focused using a lens with a focal length of 400 mm to generate plasma. The plasma was
generated inside a sealed chamber. We measured the angular distribution of electromagnetic
waves radiated from the plasma in the range of 0.1-0.5 THz. Air or He was used as the gas
inside the chamber. The radiated electromagnetic waves were measured while changing thepressure and type of gas.

RESULTS

When the chamber was filled with Air, radiated electromagnetic waves were confirmed. On theother hand, when the chamber was filled with He, the radiated electromagnetic waves were
weaker than in the case of Air, and in some cases could not be measured. Air is considered tohave a higher electron density than He. We believe that the surface area of the plasma does notchange even if the type of gas is changed. The electromagnetic waves radiated from plasma arethought to be related to electron density.

CONCLUSIONS

We measured changes in radiated electromagnetic waves due to the gas that generates plasma.
We would like to find out the conditions necessary to increase the output of electromagnetic
waves by changing experimental conditions and conducting simulations. Our research will beable to contribute to SDG3: Good Health and Well-being, SDG9: Industry, Innovation andInfrastructure.

Supervisor: Prof. YUGAMI Noboru- 50 -

C02 (E0019)

Industrial-Based GSM Water Leakage Detection, Monitoring andControlling System: A Case of North Rift Valley Water Agency in Kenya
KIPKETER Dickson Tuwei
Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology

BACKGROUNDSThe current system for detecting and monitoring water leaks in Kenyan industries is manualand costly. Despite emerging new technological trends, many industries lack automatedsystems to detect, monitor, and control water leakage due to the high cost of maintenance andinstallation. This study's objective was to develop an automatic, remote, and real-time detection,
monitoring, and control of water leaks in North Rift Valley Water Works Agency.

METHODS

The system is made up of two nodes, one at the source and one at the destination or tap. The
two nodes are made up of an ESP microcontroller, which is used to control all the connectedcomponents. The use of the microcontroller was efficient due to its ability to provide WI-FI.
Aside from the solenoid valve, which was used to turn the water flow on or off in the event ofleaks, the system also includes the FY-201 water flow sensor, which was used to gauge theamount of water flowing through the pipe.

RESULTS

Water leakage is detected when the volume of water passing through the two sensors differ
slightly in terms of volume, indicating that a water leakage has just occurred. Thing Board, an
IoT-based platform used to monitor and visualize data from various devices connected together,
was used for real-time monitoring, visualization, and control. By remotely turning the waterleaks on and off from their phone, the system administrator was able to log into the system andmanage it.

CONCLUSIONS

The developed system was tested with different water service providers, including Eldoretwater and sanitation company, and the results show that the system responds positively to waterleakage parameters. The system detected water leaks, and the administrator monitored andcontrolled the system. The study is linked to SDGs 9 and 13.

Supervisors: Prof. MDUMA Neema and Prof. TARUS K. John

- 51 -

C03 (E0021)

Development of Adhesive Materials Using Trithiocarbonate
HUYNH Ngoc Dan Phuong
Utsunomiya University

BACKGROUNDS

Currently, the problem of environmental pollution is becoming more serious due to global
industrialization and modernization. Environmental pollution is also having a major impact on
the quality of life of all kinds of animals, plants, and humans, and the dangerous effects ofenvironmental pollution are also emerging. Protecting the environment means protecting ourlives, and humans cannot survive if the environment is polluted or destroyed. Therefore, withthe aim of contributing to environmental conservation, I am conducting research aimed atdeveloping self-healing materials and adhesive materials using trithiocarbonate (TTC) groups.
This can contribute to greatly reducing the amount of waste generated by preventing or reducing
waste, recycling and reusing it.

METHODS

I am going to develop self - healing materials and adhesive materials using the trithiocarbonate(TTC) groups. I am going to create polystyrene (PS) containing TTC groups by RAFT
polymerization of styrene, which is often used as a plastic material, with TTC polymer. I am
also going to decompose of RAFT polymer by amines, and then try to reattach by applying
external stimulation such as heat or light.

CONCLUSIONS

Self-healing materials can be applied to many fields such as agriculture, the food industry,
medicine, recycling, etc. Besides, Adhesive materials using trithiocarbonate (TTC) groups can
reduce the amount of waste and recycle to contribute to protecting the environment. In the future,
I hope my research contributes to not only SDG12: Responsible Consumption and Production,
but also SDG3: Good Health and Well-being.

Supervisor: Prof. TAMESUE Shingo- 52 -

C04 (E0022)

Profitability Nexus of Micro-Enterprises: An Investigation into
Profitability Dimension of Home-Based Micro-Enterprises in Sri Lanka
POLGAHAGEDARA DON Pubudu Sanjeewa
Utsunomiya University

BACKGROUNDS

Micro-enterprises (MEs) distinguish themselves by being an Owner Manager Entrepreneur(OME) centric informal income-generating setting, catering to the highly volatile demand of aniche market. Ridden by the OMEs’ rigid personal traits and other factors, most of the MEs areborn to die some others in contrast, stagnate for years as just livelihoods without generating aconsiderable impact on the economy of the OME and the country as a whole. One of the main
factors behind the high failure rate of MEs is the lack of knowledge of the financial performanceof the enterprise due to the complex nature of cost allocations for overheads between the ME
and the household.

METHODS

Adopting a mixed approach, the research surveyed 104 OMEs through multistage sampling andhad one-to-one interviews with 35 deliberately selected OMEs out of the same sample to collectdata. Thematic analysis was performed on qualitative data to enhance the validity of the results.

RESULTSThe results revealed that the main purpose of a higher portion of the OMEs is not to make a net
profit but to maintain a cash flow to finance day to day household requirements. The OMEs
utilize the costs of own labor and the other sunk costs to be in par with the retailer margin,
adopted by large scale producers with economies of scale, in the market. The same strategy is
employed to be price competitive even when the production costs are higher. The emphasis on
the indirect costs and own and family labor is not considered to be important for calculation of
profit. The fit between the day-to-day life and the operation of the ME is a critical factor forthe continuation of household- enterprise system.

CONCLUSIONSProfitability of home based ME cannot be determined just by focusing on financial transactionsof traditional profit and loss statement but by various other non-financial costs and benefits.
The findings of the research contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), 8: Decent
work and economic growth and the goal 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure.

Supervisor: Prof. SAKAMOTO Kumiko- 53 -

C05 (E0023)

Possibilities for Rural Revitalization and Agriculture in “A Town
with More Robots than Residents”
FUSHIMOTO Haruka and FUKUZAKI Yoshihide
Utsunomiya University

BACKGROUNDS

We are third-year students at Utsunomiya University’s Faculty of Engineering. Unlike many of
my seniors who will be presenting at this UU-A Student Summit 2024, we have not yet engaged
in research activities at Utsunomiya University. This time, we will summarize what we would
like to tackle in our future research activities at Utsunomiya University.

INVESTIGATIONSThe Ozaki laboratory to which we belong conducts research and development of agriculturalrobots and mobile robots. we thought of an idea to put our research activities into practical use
in society. It is “To create a local city where agricultural robots are concentrated in a
depopulated area of Japan”. Based on this idea, we participated in a business plan contest heldin Tochigi Prefecture in December 2023 and received an award for excellence.

IDEAL FUTURE

In recent years, there has been a worldwide need to build smart systems, and Japan is no
exception. In addition to engineering about agricultural robots, we would also like to work on“rural revitalization” in Japan, where aging and depopulation are becoming more and more
serious. In “A town with more robots than residents”, we would like to promote the practicalapplication of various agricultural robots. By doing so, we will improve the technology that
supports the production of local specialties. A future society equipped with these technologicalinfrastructures can be said to be related to goals 9, 11, and 15 of the SDGs.

CONCLUSIONS

The idea of” A town with more robots than residents” is still incomplete in many parts. We
would like to continue to grow by participating in various business plan contests and receiving
advice from people with business experience and university professors. We will also lead toresearch that future increases the sustainability of agriculture and towns, as indicated by goals
9, 11, and 15 of the SDGs.

Supervisor: Prof. OZAKI Koichi- 54 -

C06 (E0027)

Integrated Infrastructure Planning in Historic Places to Improve
the Connectivity of Infrastructure and Livability: A Case of
Shonke Village, Ethiopia
TEMECHEW Hiwot Ergetie
Addis Ababa University

BACKGROUNDS

Shonke village (SV) is a 900-year-old settlement on the top of a mountain located some 23 km
away from Kemise town. About 20 generations have lived in the village, but residents now sayhalf of the village's estimated households have left in search of farmlands down the hill. Thus,
this study investigates how integrated infrastructure planning can support the long-term
viability, connectivity, and cultural preservation of historic districts.

METHODS

The research incorporates a mixed-method approach, utilizing a comprehensive literature
review, focus group discussions, observations, transect walks, key informant interviews, bestpractice case studies, and surveys.

RESULTS

Despite holding significant tangible and intangible cultural heritage dating back 900 years, SV
has not fully harnessed its tourism potential and has struggled with a lack of economic
opportunities, population decline, and inadequate infrastructure services that jeopardize thevillage's livability, connectivity, and the preservation of its legacy for future generations.
Nevertheless, peer cases demonstrate that historic sites can serve as extraordinary
laboratories, showcasing how cultural heritage can drive regeneration, sustainable development,
and economic prosperity through integrated planning strategies.

CONCLUSIONS

Integrated infrastructure planning in SV is essential for enhancing connectivity, livability, andthe preservation of cultural heritage. This can be achieved by considering the unique needs andchallenges of the area and understanding its historical context, identifying areas for
improvement, prioritizing pedestrian and accessibility considerations, adaptive reuse of historicbuildings, mixed land use, and sustainable infrastructure management practices. Additionally,
non-physical factors such as effective management, creative financing strategies, communityand stakeholder participation, promotion of indigenous knowledge, collaboration, and win-win
solutions between conservation and development the findings and recommendations can guidepolicymakers, planners, designers, cultural heritage experts, and tourism professionals in theirefforts to create more sustainable communities in historic areas. Moreover, the researchfindings intersect with several Sustainable Development Goals (1,3,4,5,6,7, 8, 9,11,12,13 &17).

Supervisors: Prof. MAMO Zegeye Chernet and Prof. BEKELE Tesfaye Hailu- 55 -

C07 (E0045)

Compact MTF Measurement of a Fisheye Lens
SUN Manning, HAGEN Nathan, and OTANI Yukitoshi
Utsunomiya University

BACKGROUNDS

The widespread use of fisheye lenses has become a reality in modern optics, making accurate
evaluation of their performance critical. However, traditional test methods for fisheye lenses
often require large test benches and complex laboratory environments, which makes testing
expensive and less practical. One previous test system measured the widefield lens along angles
in a single plane . For this reason, we have designed and manufactured a fisheye lens test systemwith dimensions in the range of 0.5 m  0.5 m  0.5 m that is compact, can be used for a wide
range of lens types, and can provide detailed performance information.

METHODSTo develop a testing system that can operate over a small space while also capturing the entire
lens field of view at once, we employ a low-power meniscus adapter lens that compresses thetest space into a 0.5 m  0.5 m  0.5 m region. Because the lens is quite low power, it has
minimal effect on the test lens performance, allowing one to keep accurate MTF data. The
reduced space also allows makes fisheye lens performance evaluation easier to achieve. In
addition, our approach provides a higher degree of experimental control, ensuring reliable andrepeatable test results.

RESULTSWe analyze the changes in light intensity across an edge in fisheye lens' image. We selectregions of interest (ROI) from various locations within the image and estimate the MTF at eachof these positions. The edges at three ROIs, located at field angles of 5°, 35°, and 65°. We seethat the lens MTF value is highest at the center of the image, and gradually decreases towards
the edges. To visualize more the change of MTF at different angles in both ways, we put thetwo sets of curves together. We can see that the values of the two sets of curves as well as thechange trends are almost the same.

CONCLUSIONSThis research not only addresses a specific need within the realm of fisheye lens testing but also
holds broader implications for optical system evaluation and quality assessment. The
compactness and efficiency of our testing setup not only reduce space and resource
requirements but also pave the way for more streamlined and cost-effective measurements .
The findings of the research contribute to the Sustainable Development Goal 9: Industry,
innovation and infrastructure.

Supervisor: Prof. OTANI Yukitoshi- 56 -

C08 (E0048)

EcoChlor: A Next-Gen Electro Chlorinator for Sustainable Water
Disinfection in Hardship Areas
KHWESA Peredy

Addis Ababa University

BACKGROUNDS

The worldwide water shortage dilemma underscores the critical importance of ensuring thatavailable water resources are safe for consumption and use. The development of efficient andcost-effective disinfection techniques, such as the use of chlorine and sodium hypochlorite,
directly contributes to achieving SDG 6 targets by ensuring the provision of safe drinking waterand sanitation services. Chlorine, whether in gaseous form or as sodium hypochlorite, is widely
employed in water treatment due to its efficacy in disinfection. However, the safety concerns
associated with chlorine gas often led to the preference for sodium hypochlorite as a safer
alternative. This reflects efforts within SDG 6 to prioritize water treatment methods that not
only effectively disinfect water but also minimize risks to human health and the environment.
Thus, the adoption of sodium hypochlorite contributes to the broader objectives of ensuring
access to clean water and promoting sustainable water management practices.

METHODSThis study investigates a novel method for disinfecting water by producing sodium hypochlorite
on-site utilizing a laboratory-scale reactor equipped with a titanium/iridium dioxide anode anda stainless-steel cathode by electrolysis. The study utilizes the Response Surface Methodology(RSM) experimental methodology to identify the most favorable circumstances for generating
sodium hypochlorite.

RESULTSThe optimal conditions for the formation of NaOCl were discovered using titanium coated withiridium oxide and stainless-steel electrodes, a NaCl concentration of 32g, a voltage of 7v, aspacing between the electrodes of 2.5cm, and an electrolysis time of 70 minutes at a temperatureof 25°C. In this investigation, the most excellent effective concentration value of NaOCl was
0.72 % (7.2gpl) of chlorine concentration with a pH of 11.

CONCLUSIONSThe WHO standard used for NaOCl endodontic irrigation is within the range of 0.5% to 6%.
Experimental results for this study (0.72%), falls within this region thus indicating the viabilityof this method. Further research is being conducted in field trials in Hawassa by fabricating asmart electro chlorinator for disinfection of water in a local water treatment facility.

Supervisor: Prof. GETACHEW Gizaw- 57 -

C09 (E0049)

Composition and Activities of Cul-De-Sacs with Component in
Vacant Land in Blocks
OKOSHI Kampei

Utsunomiya University

BACKGROUNDSIn the suburbs of Japanese regional cities, residential areas have been formed rapidly, Due toincreasing demand for housing since the period of high economic growth. In the process, thesubdivision of farmland led to necessitate a line of movement for access to the createdresidential areas, and cul-de-sacs were formed. Therefore, the inner part of the cul-de-sac has asemi-private character, with limited access by non-residents. In many vacant lands, elements of
the resident's daily activities, such as clothes pole and verandas placed in the garden, can beseen facing the cul-de-sac. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between thecharacteristics of the inner space of residential areas and the activities formed there, by
examining the composition of such cul-de-sac spaces.

METHODS

The residential area in the Hiramatsu area, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan, forms a typicalresidential area in a suburb with multiple cul-de-sac spaces in a single block. In Chapter 2, the‘vacant land arrangement’, ‘road boundary elements’ and ‘elements within the vacant land’ areexamined for each site. In Chapter 3, the composition of the cul-de-sac space is examined by
combining the dwellings row patterns facing each other.

RESULTS

A1-L2 dwelling row patterns are obtained by organizing and combining the arrangement ofvacant land, active character by row. For example, A is composed of sites with orthogonalvacant lands, and active character. This indicates open and active characteristics. In contrast, L
is composed of non-orthogonal vacant land and static character. This type is close and static
cul-de-sac.

CONCLUSIONS

These 7 types of cul-de-sac space compositions show the local spatial characteristics of aresidential area are located approximately in relation to the primordial factors in the formationof this residential area, namely the location and arrangement of cul-de-sacs in the town block.
This study leads to SDGs 11.

Supervisor: Prof. ENDO Koichi- 58 -

C10 (E0050)

Energy Challenge to the Sustainability of Small Enterprises inAfrica: Is Biogas a Reliable and Affordable Alternative Source?
MWAMAFUPA Esther Lucas and MARWA Janeth

Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology

BACKGROUNDSThe sustainability of small enterprises constitutes a crucial imperative for achieving global
economic growth. Empirical investigations indicate that a substantial majority, accounting for
95% of businesses worldwide fall within the category of small enterprises. These entities playa pivotal role in fostering employment opportunities and economic advancement on a national
scale. Despite their significance, over 50% of small enterprises face viability challenges andsuccumb within the initial five years of establishment, encountering various impediments,
notably unreliable and insufficient energy provision.

METHODS

To undertake this investigation, a combination of quantitative and qualitative researchmethodologies will be employed. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and NVIVO will serveas the analytical tools for processing the acquired data.

RESULTS AND COCLUSIONS

The anticipated outcomes of this study encompass an in-depth analysis of the cost-benefit
dynamics associated with biogas technology, identification of potential areas for cost reduction,and the development of a business model aimed at enhancing the reliability and affordability of
biogas technology. Ultimately, these efforts seek to stimulate heightened demand for biogas
adoption among small enterprises. Furthermore, this research aligns with the United Nations
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically addressing SDG 1 (No poverty), SDG 7(Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 8 (Decent work and Economic Growth), and SDG 13(Climate action).

Supervisor: Prof. MARWA Janeth- 59 -

C11 (E0066)

Solving Optimal Path Planning Problem of an Intelligent Mobile
Robot in Dynamic Environment
AYALEW Wubshet, NEGASH Lebsework, and MERGA Chala
Addis Ababa University

BACKGROUNDS

Africa has failed to catch up with new technological advancements, develop infrastructure,promote sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation. Robotics is one of the hot areas inthis technological era that Africa should strive for. When we come to robotics, path planning is
an important task for mobile service robots. Most of the available path-planning algorithms areapplicable only in static environments. Achieving path planning becomes a difficult task in an
unknown, dynamic environment.

METHODS

To solve the problem of path planning in unknown dynamic environment, this work proposes
BRRT*-DWA algorithm with Adaptive Monte Carlo Localization. Bidirectional Rapidly
exploring Random Tree Star (BRRT*) is used to generate an optimal global path plan, Dynamic
Window Approach(DWA) is a local planner and Adaptive Monte Carlo Localization(AMCL)
is used as a localization technique. By using the map file of the unknown environment createdby SLAM and LiDAR sensor, the robot is able to navigate while avoiding dynamic as well as
static obstacles. In addition, the object identification algorithm YOLO was adopted, trained,
and used for the robot to recognize objects and people.

RESULTS

From the tests in simulation and the tests in the real environment, the proposed method of using
BRRT* as a global planner in integration with DWA and AMCL for an environment mappedwith SLAM gives a satisfactory result. In addition, image recognition using YOLO gives great
results (up to 95 per cent certainty about the detected object).

CONCLUSIONSIn this work, we presented an optimally navigating robot with the ability to identify objects andpeople. We believe this work will have a small contribution in relation to SDG9: Industry,
innovation, and infrastructure and indirectly to SDG11: Sustainable cities and communities.

Supervisor: Prof. NEGASH Lebsework- 60 -

C12 (E0069)

Neuro-Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller Design and Implementationof Quadrotor UAV for Locust Detection
MENEBO Muluken

Addis Ababa University

BACKGROUNDSIn recent years, desert locusts have caused widespread devastation to green vegetation, leading
to drought and starvation. This study aims to efficiently detect locusts and combat their impact
with a limited number of trained experts and reduced costs, all while minimizing environmental
impact. The main idea is that automating locust identification and pesticide application systems
could reduce the overall amount of pesticide used to tackle locust invasions. In this study,
Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques are deployed to develop an intelligent Quadrotor UAV
flight controller and a real-time locust management system. Through the use of AI, we candesign a high-performance closed-loop control system using a Neuro-fuzzy Sliding Modecontroller (SMC) that leverages the learning and decision-making capabilities of Neural
Network and Fuzzy Logic controllers, and we can automate the hardware for real-time locust
detection using a deep learning approach.

METHODSTo design controller we first, derived quadrotor flight dynamics by using Newton quaternion
formalism. Secondly, conventional SMC is designed, and the stability of the system is validated
by using Lyapunov stability analysis. Finally, the designed SMC equivalent control part isestimated online by ANN meanwhile its switching control part is estimated by FLC. To verify
controller performance, extensive simulations have been conducted in nominal scenarios andin the presence of matched and unmatched uncertainties. Furthermore, for real time locust
detection, image data is collected and deep learning model is trained.

RESULTSThe research is in progress. Presently, the controller design phase has been completed, and theresults show that the proposed controller effectively tolerates both matched and unmatched
uncertainties; also it has superior tracking and disturbance rejection capabilities with minimal
control effort when compared to both fuzzy-based SMC and conventional SMC.

CONCLUSIONS

The anticipated outcome of this work is the development of an AI Quadrotor capable ofidentifying and killing the locust swarms. This will establish high-productivity agriculture,
thereby improving the food production program of the second Sustainable Development Goal.

Supervisor: Prof. MERGA Chala- 61 -

C13 (E0073)

Adaptive Super Twisting Sliding Mode Controller for Quadcopter
ABERA Belay Nardos, LEMMA Negash Lebsework, and ABDISA Merga Chala
Addis Ababa University

BACKGROUNDS

Quadcopter can be used for a wide range of applications, ranging from aerial photography
package delivery, and military surveillance to precision agriculture and exploration, offering
versatile solutions across diverse fields. However, its control presents challenges due to nonlinear and under actuated characteristics.

METHODSFirst, Newton-Euler approach was used to model the dynamic of quadcopter and model
verification was done in Simulink. Then, adaptive super twisting sliding mode controller of aquadcopter was developed for attitude and position trajectory tracking of a quadcopter.
Controller design involves tuning the parameter of super twisting sliding mode controller using
adaptation law. Comparison of conventional sliding mode controller with the proposed
controller was analyzed.

RESULTSThe effectiveness of the proposed control scheme has been verified by developing simulation
result for quadcopter in MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The results show high tracking
accuracy, chattering reduction, and disturbance rejection capability of the proposed controller.

CONCLUSTIONS

Different flight maneuvers, including infinity, square wave, and helical trajectories, have beenutilized to evaluate the overall performance of the designed controller in trajectory tracking.
The simulation results highlight the superior trajectory tracking capabilities of the proposed
controller compared to the conventional sliding mode controller, which exhibits sluggish
system response and increased deviations from the specified trajectory. This technologicaladvancement aligns with several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Specifically, it
contributes to SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) by enhancing drone motion
control for more efficient aerial surveillance, supports SDG 13 (Climate Action) throughimproved environmental conservation efforts, addresses SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) by enhancing
crop monitoring efficiency in precision agriculture, and bolsters disaster response capabilities,
thereby contributing to SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities). This researchunderscores the critical role of drone motion control as a key driver in fostering a moresustainable and resilient world, enabling focused interventions that align with the overarchinggoals of sustainable development.

Supervisor: Prof. MAMO Mengesha- 62 -

C14 (E0074)

Trajectory Tracking Control of Quadcopter Using Fuzzy Super
Twisting SMC with PID Surface
GEDEFAW Andarge Elisabeth, LEMMA Negash Lebsework, and ABDISA
Merga Chala
Addis Ababa University

BACKGROUNDS

Quadcopters, with four rotors, play a vital role in advancing sustainable development throughapplications such as aerial photography, surveillance, and precision agriculture, fostering
technological advancements and eco-friendly practices across various sectors. However, theircontrol poses challenges due to non-linear and under-actuated characteristics.

METHODSThis study addresses these challenges by designing a flight controller to guide the quadcopter
along desired trajectories using a Fuzzy super twisting sliding mode controller with PID surface.
The process involves initially modeling the quadcopter using the Newton Euler method,
followed by flight controller design. This controller is divided into inner and outer loops capableof automatically adjusting its parameters, and the system is then simulated in Matlab/Simulink.

RESULTSThe validity of the proposed control scheme has been confirmed through the generation ofsimulation outcomes for a quadcopter using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The findings
illustrate the effectiveness of the controller in navigating the quadcopter along predeterminedtrajectories, resiliently mitigating disturbances, and effectively handling parameter variations.

CONCLUSTIONS

The integration of the super-twisting algorithm has successfully addressed the chattering
problem associated with sliding mode control, concurrently achieving a significant reduction in
the computational load through the automatic tuning of Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control
parameters. This advancement in drone motion control aligns seamlessly with several
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Notably, it contributes to SDG 13 (Climate Action)by enhancing environmental conservation through advanced aerial surveillance. The precision
agriculture enabled by this technology promotes SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) through efficient crop
monitoring, ensuring food security. Furthermore, the strengthened disaster response capabilities
contribute to SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) by fostering resilience in the faceof crises. By optimizing operational efficiency and minimizing environmental impact, thistechnology plays a pivotal role in achieving broader sustainable development objectives,addressing goals such as SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) and SDG 12(Responsible Consumption and Production).

Supervisor: Prof. NEGASH Lebsework- 63 -

C15 (E0080)

Optimization of Small Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine for
Maximum Energy Extraction
TEREFA Temesgen Geneti

Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology

BACKGROUNDSWind energy is one of the most popular, sustainable, and renewable energy technologies. It hasa very small environmental impact with respect to fossil fuels. The large Horizontal axis windturbine is the most common which is widely used. However, the large HAWTs are require more
space, high wind speed, and they have high environmental impact such as noise. For domestic
purpose, where the population density is high and land is used to the greatest extent possible,
finding a large enough area to build a wind farm is difficult. Also, in an urban area, the windrequired for higher power generation is less. This study focuses on small-scale wind energy
systems as alternative use to get power at the location where it's needed especially for domestic
applications. Due to intermittent wind behavior and less flexibility of small horizontal axis windturbine, it is necessary to comprehensively assess and optimize the performance of the smallscale turbines to maximize their energy output.

METHODSIn this study a mixed airfoil blade will be designed for optimal power production. A multiobjective optimization by genetic algorithm will be conducted to increase the power output
while decreasing the starting time of the wind turbine. The chord and twist angle distribution
which are the main parameters in wind blade design will be compared and the best will beselected through the optimization process. Finally, simulation and experimental analysis will
be conducted to validate the work done.

EXPECTED RESULTS

An optimal blade which maximizes the power output will be designed. The best distribution ofchord and twist angle which contributes to energy maximizing will be selected. The multiobjective optimization will result in maximized power output and minimized starting time. This
research will contribute to SDG7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern
energy for all. Additionally, it will become grant for SDG13: Take urgent action to combat
climate change and its impact.

Supervisors: Prof. NJIRI Jackson, Prof. MUIRURI Irungu, and Prof. MERGA Chala- 64 -

List of 10 Best Presentations
As a result of the evaluation by UU-A Team members, 10 presentations were selected the “Best
Presentation Award”－3 Gold Award, 3 Silver Award, and 4 Bronze Award.

Gold Awards
A02(E0009)SAITO Yuki (UU)
Expression Analysis of Selenoprotein Genes in Ayu Fish (Plecoglossus altivelis)
A19(E0053)
Kiprono Daisy Jepchirchir (MUST)
Chloroplast Relocation in Wild Strawberries (Frgaria Vesca)(E0031)SUGIMORI Kanju (UU)
B04
Study on Automatic Measurement of Capped Honeybee Brood Cells Using PSPNet

Silver Awards
MBIRU Peter Kimani (UU)
B10
(E0044)Discrimination in Japan: Perceptions Held by Foreigners Living in Tochigi Prefecture
NAKANO Yoshihito (UU)
B20
(E0088)
Exploration of Food-Related Factors Causing Hypertension in Asuncion, Paraguay
KHWESA Peredy (AAU)
C08(E0048)Ecochlor: A Next-Gen Electro-Chlorinator for Sustainable Water Disinfection in Hardship
Areas

Bronze Awards
A14(E0040)YOSHINO Takumi (UU)
Mitigation of Aerosol in The Weaning Piggery by Spraying Solution by using UltrasonicSprayer
OMAR Fatma (JKUAT)
A20(E0056)
Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Latent Bacteria in Coconut Leaves Associated with the
Lethal Yellowing Disease Symptoms in Kenya
DULO Abraham (AAU)
B05(E0032)
Universities’ Democratic Culture and Youth Political Participation in Africa
ADJEI-MAWUTOR Gideon (UG)
B06
(E0036)
Empowering Women and Girls: Sexual Reproductive Health in Cape Coast Metropolitan
Area
We presented a certificate to all 60 presenters who introduced their research by both abstract andvideo at the UU-A Student Summit 2024.

YOKOTA Shinso
Leader of UU-A Team

- 65 -

- 66 -

Bridging Young Researchers with the SDGs

UU-A STUDENT SUMMIT 2024
Hybrid Events
March 4th - 7th, 2024
March 4th SDGs Work Shop
Prof. YUMOTO Hiroyuki (UU)

March 5th Symposium 1

Dr. Akiko Iizuka (UU) and Dr. MARWA Janeth (NM-AIST)March 6th Symposium 2

Dr. KAALE D. Lilian (UDSM) and Dr. AOYAMA Masato (UU)

March 7th Symposium 3

Dr. AKAKPO B. Daniel (UG) and Ms. KETTER C. Naomi (JKUAT)

Organized by the Organizing Committee for UU-A Student Summit 2024
in Conjunction with 7 Partner Universities

Inter-University Exchange Project
Support for the Formation of Collaborative Programs with African Universities

Programme for Developing Human Resource to Contribute to SDGs by
Merging African Potential and Japanese Scientific Technology- 67 -

Summary Report of SDGs Work Shop
SDGs Work Shop Lecture by Prof. YUMOTO Hiroyuki (UU)
“The Post-SDG World is Sustainable? －What will you do for a sustainable future?－”At first, we watched videos made by United Nations－“Video1: What are Sustainable Development
Goals? ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1c48vhokWLQ )” and “Video2: SDGs: No one will be left
behind ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEQJzdrYIcM ).” We learned what are the SDGs and theirimportance from video1 and map of the SDGs, the big picture, economics to grow and access to nutritious
food from video2. Also, it showed the progress of SDGs was only 15% until 2023.
After watched videos, Prof. YUMOTO elaborated on the 5 key areas of agent actions; climate change,
food and water, education and sanitation focusing on SDG2 “Zero Hunger”, SDG3 “Good Health and Wellbeing”, SDG4 “Quality Education”, SDG5 “Gender Equality”, SDG6 “Clean Water and Sanitation” andSDG13 “Climate Change”.
Lastly, he posed the following questions:
1. Why is the progress on the SDGs slow?
2. With all the innovations in agricultural technology, why can’t we solve the problem of hunger andfamine?
3. Will the international community be able to achieve the SDGs even if it cannot stop the wars in
Ukraine and Palestine?
4. What is needed to achieve the SDGs by 2030?
5. How can your research contribute to building a sustainable society and future?
6. After all, will the world after 2030 be sustainable?

SDGs Work Shop Discussions- On-site: 7 groups (32 participants)- Online: 5 groups (18 participants)❖ What’s the problem?
❖ Where is the problem happening?
❖ Why choose this problem?
❖ Solution for the problem❖ SDGs relation【Purpose】
The purpose of the discussion is to exchange ideas and knowledge on how to solve social issues
by utilizing the SDGs.

Where in the world are the problems occurring and how to solve them using
the SDGs?
→Climate Change (SDG13), Food and Water (SDG2, 6), Gender (SDG5),
Education (SDG4), and Health (SDG3)- 68 -

SDGs Work Shop Presentations- The presentations were made using the whiteboards distributed to the participants.
- A few groups presented in public for 3-5 minutes.
※ We showed some acheivements of group discussion as below.

Discussion Topic: Climate Change (Group1)
What is the problem?
Drought, Floods, Heat waves, Diseases-malaria

Where is the problem happening?
Africa, Asia, Europe, North America

Why you choose this problem?
- To plant plantation- To help in combating diseases- To achieve the challenges of farmers

Solution for the problem related to SDGs
Partnership, Bio innovation, Promoting CSA, Promotion of afforestation

Discussion Topic: Food and Water (Group2)
What is the problem?
Food insecurity- postharvest losses andunderutilization of agricultural products

Where is the problem happening?
Developing countries

Why you choose this problem?
- Protection on population increase is 8.6 B by 2030:
70% additional food- 20-40%: PHLs Agroproduce in Africa

Solution for the problem related to SDGs
- Value Addition-Food processing & presentation- Trainings; Farm management-GAP, harvesting methods, postharvest handling and storagepractices.
→SDG1 “No Poverty”, SDG2 “Zero Hunger”, SDG4 “Quality Education”- 69 -

SDGs Work Shop Presentations

Discussion Topic: Food and Water (Group3)
What is the problem?
Communicable diseases;→malaria due to cost, access to drugs, drug resistance

Where is the problem happening?
Sub-Saharan Africa

Why you choose this problem?
-

Malaria is rampant all over the world.
Affect majorly children and pregnant women.
Affect all the society.
Causes death

Solution for the problem related to SDGs-

Research for malaria vaccine.
Collaboration with countries that have eradicated the problem.
Sensitization of the public on ways of preventing individuals from mosquito bites.
Develop policies for free testing and treatment.

Discussion Topic: Health (Group4)
What is the problem?
Global Warming

Where is the problem happening?
Worldwide- Wild fires: USA/Australia- Floods: Africa, Dubai, USA- Drought: Sub-Saharan Africa, Kenya (2025)- Biodiversity loss-invasive species, pest and diseases- Melting of ice cap

Why you choose this problem?
Affects all other SDGs directly and indirectly

Solution for the problem related to SDGs
Collaboration, Mass education: environmental conservations, Adaptation & mitigation, Proactive- 70 -

SDGs Work Shop Presentations

Discussion Topic: Food and Water (Group6)
What is the problem?
Postharvest losses and underutilization ofagriculture products

Where is the problem happening?
Developing countries

Why you choose this problem?
Projection on population increase is 8.6 B by 2030 - 70% additional food20-40% postharvest losses of agro produce in Africa

Solution for the problem related to SDGs
Value addition /food processing & preservation
Trainings: farm management, harvesting methods, postharvest handling, storage→SDG1 “No Poverty”, SDG2 “Zero Hunger”, SDG3 “Good Health and Well-being”

Discussion Topic: Education (Group7)
What is the problem?
Unemployment of graduate

Where is the problem happening?
Tanzania

Why you choose this problem?
-

No seats for graduate.
Lack of awareness existing company.
Number of seats is limited.
Number of companies is not enough.
No student startup.
Strategy to entity.

Solution for the problem related to SDGs
- Learn process- To learn from others through process and recreate suitable- 71 -

Abstracts of Symposium 1
Disasters and the SDGs: Towards a world where no one is left behind
Dr. IIZUKA Akiko

Utsunomiya University

Abstract
This lecture will begin with an introduction of the speaker's research topics and contents oncommunity-based disaster management and international cooperation, followed by the current
situation and characteristics of disasters, especially in Japan, and an international definition ofdisasters. The relevance of disasters to the SDGs will then be discussed, including whether andhow disasters are related to any of the SDG targets.

Meta-Cognition and Spiritual Intelligence: a Paradigm Shift for
Sustainable Authentic self Knowledge engaging with efficiententrepreneurial Practice in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
Dr. MARWA Janeth

Nelson Mandela Africa Institution of Science and Technology

Abstract
In the age of artificial intelligence (AI), meta-cognition is the means of attaining spiritual
intelligence, transforming ordinary knowledge into authentic self-knowledge that fosters
human creativity for inventiveness and autonomy. In order to experience meta- cognition, onemust have high self-awareness to extract sophisticated internal resources through effective
mental transactions supported by the SI. AI is widely used nowadays and may seem to alert
human intelligence, influencing a choice to coexist or use both AI and humans as means of
production. High unemployment rate may only become worse, leaving most recent graduateswith few career options due to the scarcity of new markets and the consequent lack of work
creation. Conversely, adaptable options of self knowledge are proposed to increase capacity todevelop a new market where everyone has equal access to entrepreneurial activities. The ideasof meta-cognition, spiritual intelligence, and consciousness evolvement for self-knowledge are
explained by management theories.
Keywords
Intelligence, Meta-cognition, Spiritual Intelligence, Sustainable authentic Self Knowledge,
entrepreneurial practice, Artificial Intelligence- 72 -

Abstracts of Symposium 2
Food Security in Africa: Challenges and Solutions
Dr. KAALE D. Lilian

University of Dar es Salaam

Abstract
Food security has continued to be a high priority issue on the development agenda indeveloping countries. Although substantial progress has been made still problems exist along
the value chain that need to be addressed before African countries can be food secure.
Particularly the region is facing low agricultural productivity, processing, value addition andmarketing. The major setback has been the non-holistic and non-integrative approaches thathave excluded some of the key players such as universities, business community, and somegovernment entities. Further, with a wide range of agricultural crops being produced, postharvest handling process create different degrees of quantitative and qualitative losses in acomplex market chain, which are estimated at 30% to 50% depend on the agricultural produce.
Africa's food security would be ensured by utilizing integrative and holistic approaches
throughout the agricultural value chains, a post-harvest handling monitoring system thatguarantees the scientific handling, storage, and transportation of agricultural produce, welldesigned economic centers with well controlled environments, the use of innovativetechnologies, and artificial inelegancy.

Transportation stress in farm animals: Studies in goats
Dr. AOYAMA Masato
Utsunomiya University

Abstract
Sometimes farm animals are transported to other place by truck, ship or aircraft. The
transportation can be the severe stresses for farm animals. The World Organisation for Animal
Health (WOAH: sometime it referred as OIE) have established some guidelines concerning theAnimal Welfare, including the guideline for transportation. However, the physiologicalresponses of farm animals, especially in farm ruminants such as cattle, sheep or goats, totransportation still are not fully understood. This presentation introduces some researches that
tried to reveal the physiological responses of goats to road transportation, especially theexistence of motion-sickness in goats that do not possess the emetic reflex.

- 73 -

Abstracts of Symposium 3
The Role of Grain Legumes in Enhancing Sustainable Intensification of
Farming Systems
Dr. AKAKPO Brain Daniel
University of Ghana

Abstract
Smallholder farming systems in Africa are characterised by poor soil fertility and otherbiophysical and socio-economic resources. These limitations hinder the increased andsustained crop productivity needed to feed the growing population. Intensification of farming
systems with grain legume production is important in improving soil fertility, crop productivity
and household food and income. This lecture focuses on ways of integrating grain legumes andtheir roles in major cropping systems to enhance farm productivity. It will also discuss thechallenges and advances of grain legume production research. Finally, this lecture will dwellon several important research outcomes on grain legumes to promote and harness the fullpotential of such legumes for the sustainable intensification of smallholder farming systems in
Africa.

Quantifying the effects of water stress on the growth and development ofAfrican nightshade (Solanum spp.) and spiderplant (Cleome gynandra L.)
Ms. KETTER C. Naomi

Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology

Abstract
A study was conducted with the aim to enhance water use efficiency in agriculture bydetermining precise irrigation needs of African nightshade and spiderplant, and by evaluating
drought tolerance among African nightshade genotypes in Leibniz Universität Hannover. Field
experiments were conducted over two summers to establish crop coefficients (Kc) for theseplants using lysimeter-measured evapotranspiration and the Penman-Monteith FAO 56 method.
Additionally, greenhouse experiments assessed drought responses of 48 African nightshadegenotypes, highlighting variability in traits such as transpiration, leaf expansion, and stomatal
conductance under water stress. Results showed both crops' evapotranspiration rates and Kc
values varied annually, indicating a sigmoidal growth pattern. Drought experiments revealed
differences in water use efficiency (WUE), stomatal conductance, and biomass production
among genotypes, with specific genotypes showing notable drought resistance. The study
suggests significant genetic diversity in drought tolerance within African nightshade species,
with implications for breeding and water management practices in agriculture.

- 74 -

Photos of UU-A Student Summit 2024

Group Photo at the Opening Ceremony and SDGs Work Shop (March 4th)

Group Discussions at the SDGs Work Shop (March 4th)

Symposium 1 (Left) Dr. IIZUKA Akiko / (Right) Dr. MARWA Janeth (March 5th)

- 75 -

Photos of UU-A Student Summit 2024

Symposium 2 (Left) Dr. KAALE D. Lilian / (Right) Dr. AOYAMA Masato (March 6th)

Symposium 2 (Left) Dr. AKAKPO B. Daniel / (Right) Dr. KETTER C. Naomi (March 7th)Group Photo at the Closing and Award Ceremony (March 8th)
- 76 -

The 7 Partner Universities

350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, JAPAN, 321-8505
Copyright 2024 © Utsunomiya University All Rights Reserved