―SUMMARY ―Online International Symposium on the 160th Anniversary of German-Japanese Relations:
Corona Pandemic and Constitutional Issues

Dr. DEGUCHI, Masahisa

Professor, Faculty of Law, Ritsumeikan University

On January 24, 1861, exchanges between Japan and Germany began with the signing of the Treaty ofFriendship and Commerce between Japan and what was then Prussia in Edo (now Tokyo). Looking backat the history of Japanese-German relations, Japan, which began to develop into a modern nation in the19th century, learned a lot from Germany in the fields of law, medicine and science, as well as music. Dueto the mutual understanding and friendship between the peoples of the two countries, relations between
Germany and Japan have become very close in various fields such as science, art and culture as well aspolitics and economics. The year 2021 marks the 160th anniversary of the signing of this treaty, a year ofcelebration for German-Japanese relations. To commemorate the 160th anniversary of German-Japaneserelations on June 11, 2021, we have organized an online international symposium with prominent legaland Constitutional Problems.” This topic  is of great importance in the countries of the world that are

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scholars and practitioners or young professors from Germany and Japan on the topic of “Corona Pandemic

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currently suffering from extreme restrictions on fundamental rights. With regard to specific constitutional
issues related to Corona countermeasures, I believe it is extremely important to increase public acceptanceof the need for such countermeasures by discussing various Corona countermeasures and constitutional
issues, such as mandatory masking, PCR testing, curfews and freedom of movement, measures to suspendwork,  restrictions on personal communications, the vaccination card. This paper is the result of a serious
debate between German and Japanese jurists on corona pademie and constitutional probelm.

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Blackouts during the Korean War:The US–Japan Security System and the Constitution of Japan

OHUCHI, Teruo
Modern history researcher

Five years after Japan’s defeat, in the 1950s, when the Korean War had broken out, blackouts were once
again implemented in Japan. These blackouts have hardly been mentioned in research. This paper describes
the blackouts during the Korean War. In this chapter, we first present an overview of the movement to reestablish the air defense system during the Korean War. An air defense system was established between thelocal government and troops to implement blackouts. Then, we present an overview of the movement toestablish an air defense system under the US–Japan security system to protect Japan’s independence aswell as resistance to it based on the Constitution of Japan. Based on this conflict, blackouts would nolonger be implemented. Finally, we consider blackouts during the Korean War as something that will leadto the present. Here we also describe the blackouts implemented in Okinawa, which was being reconstructed
as “A military-based island.” The problems described continue to demonstrate the contradiction between
the Constitution of Japan and the US–Japan Security System. Further, the “Okinawa issue” continues to bea major political focus.
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Fostering forums for nuclear disasters in Fukushima―Possibilities of the resistance of private museums

MURAMOTO, Kuniko

Professor, Graduate School of Human Science, Ritsumeikan University

KONO, Akiko

Graduate Student, Doctoral Course, Graduate School of Human Science, Ritsumeikan University/
Associate professor, Iwate Prefectural University Miyako Junior College

This article introduces three private museums dealing with nuclear disasters in Fukushima and positions
them as resistance to public discourse to urgently advance the story of reconstruction and environmentalrecovery.
From the victims’ point of view, the Nuclear Disaster Information Center has thoroughly criticized theattitude of the government and TEPCO and is expanding NDIC’s perspective on nuclear issues thatemphasize the concept of human rights and peace.
The museum “Dengon-kan”, which was set up in a temple grounds, is operated and maintained by achief monk and scientists who have continued the nuclear opposition movement rooted in the region formany years. It explains radiation in an easy-to-understand way, critically examines the process by which
nuclear power plants have been introduced, and makes recommendations for solutions.
The museum “Kosho-kan” set up at the hot spring Japanese hotel emphasizes dialogue that goes beyond
the facts and letting community think together.

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The gentle networking and building forums by multiple unique museums with different positions thatraise various awareness and problems lead the public to remember the opposition against the division ofsociety. In the future, we hope that more private museums will be added, including tours as "livingmuseums" and online museums, and forums will be nurtured to build public memories that include diverse
voices.

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Battlefield Experience Questions Survival and Narrative :Through the comparison between YANASE Takashi and MIZUKI Shigeru

YAMAGUCHI, Kazuki

Senior Researcher, Kinugasa Research Organization, Ritsumeikan UniversityResearcher, Peace Education and Research Institute, Kyoto Museum for World Peace

This paper focuses on the memoirs and autobiographical works of YANASE Takashi and MIZUKI Shigeru,
both manga artists with battlefield experiences, and examines their narratives of battlefield experiences
after the war. The author clarified the following 3 points.
First, in the narrative of YANASE and MIZUKI's battlefield experience, their experiences before going tothe war front was important. For YANASE, it shows his relationship with his younger brother Chihiro whodied in the Bashi Channel, and for MIZUKI, it shows that reading was an act of meditating about death.
Secondly, YANASE who went to the Chinese front and MIZUKI who participated in the New Guinea
Campaign went through contrasting battlefield experiences, which caused differing feelings about theirbattlefield experiences. MIZUKI had a harrowing experience in combat, and after the war, he struggled toexpress his experience on the battlefield. On the other hand, YANASE felt guilty because he did not have aharrowing war experience.
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Third, the ways in which YANASE and MIZUKI described their experiences on the battlefield differs.
YANASE expressed the superiority of the dead by giving meaning to Chihiro's death. While MIZUKI, by

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drawing “Onward Towards Our Noble Deaths”, acknowledges his meaning in life after surviving an absurdbattle.

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The peace movements of the mayor in the atomic-bombed land
―The achievement of the mayor of Nagasaki, Motoshima―

MORIKAWA, Daisuke

Doushisha University of The Graduate School of Letters A traineeThis research note is a supplementary explanation about my past journal entries. The theme of mypast essay “How to appeal peace―The former mayor of Nagasaki Motoshima Hitoshi by way ofexample―” about the former mayor of Nagasaki Motoshima Hitoshi. That question is why Motoshima,
who was not an atomic bomb victim, could be famous in the peace movement. That answer is thatMotoshima continued his achievements after retiring from his position as mayor. So Motoshima taught
us that we can appeal for peace without experiencing the atomic bomb. This research closely examines
the achievements by mayor Motoshima and answers the question of what the mayor of an atomicbombed land should do for the peace movement.
This essay is divided into three chapters.
The first chapter raises the question: what should the mayor in an atomic-bombed land do for the peace
movement?
The second chapter examines the achievements by mayor Motoshima Hitoshi. This chapter is divided
three paragraphs.
The second paragraph establishes the process of the Mayors for Peace and the third paragraph covers

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The first paragraph establishes the process of the Nagasaki citizens peace charter.

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the formal visit to Korea by Motoshima in 1992.
The fourth paragraph examines the establishment of the Nagasaki Foundation for the Promotion ofPeace by Motoshima and the Citizen group.
The third chapter answers the question of what the mayor in an atomic-bombed land should do for thepeace movement.

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The 41st War Exhibition for Peace in Kyoto, Report on“Hey! Japanese soldiers, can you hear me? : Japanese People’s Anti-War Alliance in China”

SHIMIZU, Ikuko

Staff, Kyoto Museum for World Peace

This report is about the exhibition project titled, "Hey! Japanese soldiers, can you hear me? : Japanese
People’s Anti-War Alliance in China". In order to prepare for the exhibition, the executive committee wasestablished in conjunction with the Japan-China Friendship Association in Kyoto, and held four meetings.
The contents of this report was prepared by the members of the executive committee, and formatted for thisjournal by the author.
The Japanese People's Anti-war Alliance was a resistance organization in China during the SinoJapanese War. It was founded by Wataru Kaji in December 1939 and was disbanded by the Nationalist
Government in August 1941. In this report, the author will introduce Wataru Kaji and Japanese People's
Anti-war Alliance.

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WhatＩI can see from the field trip to study in Okinawa at Ritsumeikan Junior High School
立命館大学国際平和ミュージアム紀要
第This article examines the field trip to study in Okinawa organized by Ritsumeikan Junior High Schoolstaff for second year junior high school students. The author led this excursion in 2016 and 2018. Thisarticle describes the challenges faced by organizers of peace studies’ trips for junior high school students.
By examing the author’s personal experiences in these two sessions, and also describes the prospects forthis year's school trip.

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KOSUGI, Masayuki

Social studies teacher, Ritsumeikan Junior and Senior High School

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