ᕳ㢌ㄽᩥᆋ᧙ƴƓƚǔࠀ਀ŴᡫᢅƱӕࡽ 

Christopher HEATHబ⸨  ㇏ ヂ 㸯㸬⫼ᬒ㻌
㏻㐣୰ࡢ≀ရ࡟ᑐࡍࡿỈ㝿ᥐ⨨ࡢၥ㢟ࡣ⌧ᅾࠊWTOࡢ஦౛ࡀ௳ࠊḢᕞ⿢ุᡤ࡬ࡢ௜ク஦౛ࡀ௳࠶ࡾࠊACTAࡢᩥ⬦࡛ࡢᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞஺΅ࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࢸ࣮࣐࡟㛵ࡍࡿᩥ⊩࡜ࡋ࡚: Frederick Abbott, Seizure of Generic Pharmaceuti-cals in Transit, [2009] WIPOJ 43. Große-Ruse-Khan/Jaeger, Policing patents worldwide?
EC Border Measures against transiting generic drugs under EC and WTO IP regimes, 40
IIC 502 (2009);

Heinze/Heinze, Transit als Markenverletzung, GRUR 2007, 740; Oxfam,Trading away access to medicines, October 2009, 18 (www.oxfam.com);Anja Pe-tersen-Padberg, commentary on the Customs Regulation, Article 1 point 10, in: Cottier/Véron, International and European IP Law, 2nd. ed. Kluwer Law 2011; Jeroen VanHezewijk, Montex and Rolex  Irreconcilable Differences?, 39 IIC 775 (2008); von Mühlendahl/Stauder, Territorial Intellectual Property Rights in a Global Economy  Transit andother “Free Zones”, in: Liber Amicorum Joseph Straus (2009), 653; Rinnert/Witte, Anwendung der Grenzbeschlagnahmeverordnung auf Markenwaren im Zollverfahren, GRUR
2009, 29; Xavier Seuba, Border Measures concerning goods allegedly infringing intellectual property rights, ICTSD working paper, Geneva 2009; Olivier Vrins, The real story of afiction: transit after Montex under Regulation (EC) 1383/2003, Journal of IntellectualProperty Law and Practice 2010, 358; Vrins/Schneider, Trade mark use in transit:
EU-phony or cacophony?, Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice 2005, 43;
Worm/Maucher, Der Transit  eine patentverletzende Handlung?, Mitteilungen 2009, 445.

▱ⓗ㈈⏘ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 9RO   ᕳ㢌ㄽᩥ⛯㛵࡟࠾ࡅࡿᕪᢲࠊ㏻㐣࡜ྲྀᘬ 㻴㼑㼍㼠㼔 a 㸧WTO㻌ࡢ஦౛᩿࡟ࡼࡾࠊᙜヱ㈌≀ࡣࠊᮏ᮶ࡢ௙ྥᆅ࡛࠶ࡿࣈࣛࢪࣝ࡟ྥࡅࡽࢀࡿࡇᖺ᭶᪥ࠊḢᕞ㐃ྜ࡜࢜ࣛࣥࢲ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࠊ㏻㐣୰ࡢ≀ရࡢ࡜ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࢖ࣥࢻ࡬㏦ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ㍺ฟᴗ⪅࡟ࡼࡿࡑ࠺ᕪᢲ࡟㛵ࡍࡿWTO᮲⣙㐪཯ࡢ⏦❧࡟ࡼࡾࠊࣈࣛࢪࣝ࡜࢖ࣥࢻ୧ᅜ࡟ࡘࡁࡋࡓ⾜Ⅽࡣࠊ࢜ࣛࣥࢲ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ≉チᶒ⪅࡜ࡢ஺΅ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛WTOࡢ⣮தゎỴᡭ⥆ࡀ㛤ጞࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⣮தࡣࠊࢪ࢙ࢿࣜࢵࢡ་⸆ရࢆ࠶ࡾࠊᙜヱ≉チᶒ⪅࠿ࡽࠊ⿕␲౵ᐖ≀ရࡢ◚Რࢆせồࡍࡿ࡜ලయⓗ࡟✚㍕ࡋ࡚ࡢ㈌≀⯪㸦ᖺ᭶᫬Ⅼࡢ୺ᙇ࡟ಀࡿ㸧ࡀࠊ㸦୺࡜ࡋ࡚࢖ࣥጾᄐࡉࢀࡓ⤖ᯝࡢ⏘≀ࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➨஧࡟ࠊᙜ᪉ࡣࠊ㐣ཤ  ᖺ㛫ࢻ࠿ࡽࣛࢸࣥ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ⤒⏤ᆅࡢ࢜ࣛࣥࢲࡸࢻ࢖ࢶࡢ࢜ࣛࣥࢲᙜᒁ࡟ࡼࡿᕪᢲࡢ࠾ࡼࡑ༙ᩘࡀ㏻㐣୰ࡢ≀ရࡢ◚Რ࡟⮳ࡢ⛯㛵࡟࠾࠸࡚ᕪᢲࢆཷࡅࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࣈࣛࢪࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ドᣐࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠖࣝࡣᖺ᭶᪥࡜᪥㸦➹⪅ࡢᡭඖࡢ㈨ᩱ࡟ࡼࡿ㸧ࡢTRIPS⌮஦఍࡟ࣈࣛࢪࣝ࡟ࡼࡿࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ௓ධࡢ௨ᚋࡶࠊ⛯㛵ᙜᒁ࡟ࡼࡿᕪᢲࡣ⥅⥆ࡉࢀ࠾࠸࡚බᘧぢゎࢆ㏙࡭ࡓࠋࡓࠋHealth Action International (HAI) ࡢࣉࣞࢫ࣮ࣜࣜࢫ㸦➹⪅ࡢᡭඖࡢ㈨ᩱ

ࠕᖺ᭶᪥ࠊ࢜ࣛࣥࢲᙜᒁࡣ࢖ࣥࢻ࠿ࡽࣈࣛࢪࣝ࡬ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚

࡟ࡼࡿ㸧࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ௨ୗࡢ஦᯶ࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
࠸ࡓࢪ࢙ࢿࣜࢵࢡ་⸆ရࡢ㈌≀ࢆᕪࡋᢲࡉ࠼ࡓࠋᙜヱ㈌≀ࡣࠊ⾑ᅽ㝆ୗ๣ࡢ〇㐀࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ〇⸆ࡢάᛶᡂศࡢࣟࢧࣝࢱ࣒ࣥ࢝ࣜ࢘਻

ࠕ࢖ࣥࢻ࡛〇㐀ࡉࢀࠊኴᖹὒࡢࣂࢾ࢔ࢶඹ࿴ᅜ࡟㍺ฟࡉࢀࡓᢠ⏕≀࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ࢖ࣥࢻࡢ㍺ฟᴗ⪅DR. REDDY’s࠿ࡽࣈࣛࢪࣝࡢ㉁࡛࠶ࡿ࢔ࣔ࢟ࢩࢩࣜࣥࡢ㈌≀ࡣࠊᖺ  ᭶  ᪥ࠊ㏻㐣୰࡟⤒⏤ᆅEMS࡟ྥࡅ࡚㍺ฟࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᙜヱ㈌≀ࡣ࢜ࣛࣥࢲᙜᒁ࡟ࡢࢻ࢖ࢶ࣭ࣇࣛࣥࢡࣇࣝࢺ࡛⛯㛵ᙜᒁ࡟ࡼࡾᕪࡋᢲࡉ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋᙜヱࡼࡾ᪥㛫ᕪࡋᢲࡉ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ㈌≀ࡣᕪᢲࢆゎ࠿ࢀࠊඖࡢ௙㈌≀ࡣࠊၟᶆᶒ౵ᐖࡢ␲࠸࡛ᕪࡋᢲࡉ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㘄๣ࡢྥᆅࡢࣈࣛࢪ࡛ࣝࡣ࡞ࡃ࢖ࣥࢻ࡟ᕪࡋᡠࡉࢀࡓࠋࣟࢧࣝࢱ࣒ࣥ࢝ࣜ࢘㔞ࡣᅇࡢ἞⒪࡟༉ᩛࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ⛯㛵ᙜᒁࡣࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊࡣࠊ㍺ฟඖࡢ࢖ࣥࢻ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ௙ྥᆅࡢࣈࣛࢪࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ▱ⓗ㈈Glaxo Smith Kline (GSK) ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚  ᭶᪥࡟᭩⡆࡛㏻▱ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ ⏘ᶒࡢಖㆤࢆாཷࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ᪥ᚋࠊGSK ࡣࢻ࢖ࢶࡢ⛯㛵ᙜᒁ࡟ᑐࡋࠊၟᶆᶒ౵ᐖࡣ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸୍⯡⌮஦఍࡛ࡣࠊᡃࠎࡣᙜヱ㈌≀ࡢᕪᢲࡀࠊࣟࢧࣝࢱ࣒ࣥ࢝ࣜ࢘ࡢ᪨㏻▱ࡋࡓࠋGSK ࡣ࢔ࣔ࢟ࢩࢩࣜࣥࡢၟᶆ࡛࠶ࡿࠗAmoxil࠘࡟㛵ࡍ࢜ࣛࣥࢲ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ≉チᶒࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ఍♫࠿ࡽࡢ౵ᐖࡢ⏦❧࡟ࡼࡾ⾜ࢃࡿ≉チᶒࡢ๓ᡤ᭷⪅࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠗAmoxicillin࠘ࡢྡ⛠ࡣᅜ㝿ⓗ࡟㈈⏘ᶒࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᙜヱ఍ྜ௨᮶཰㞟ࡉࢀࡓドᣐࡣࠊ࢜ࣛࣥ

ࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ྡ⛠㸦international non-proprietary name: INN㸧࡛࠶ࢲᙜᒁࡀᖺ᭶᪥ࡢECጤဨ఍つ๎࡟ࡼࡾせồࡉࢀㄆドࡿࡇ࡜࡟≉࡟㚷ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ་⸆ࢆᕪࡋṆࡵࡿ᭷ຠ࡞⌮⏤ࡣᏑࡋࡉࢀࡓᡭ⥆࡟ᚑ࠸ࠊ⫋ᶒ࡛ᕪᢲࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⌧࡟⾜࠸⥆ࡅ࡚࡞࠸ࠋࠖ࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᙉࡃ♧၀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢつ๎ࡣ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒ౵ᐖࡢ࠾ࡑࢀࡢ࠶ࡿ≀ရ࡟ࡘࡁ⛯㛵ࡀ࡞ࡍ⾜Ⅽ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ㛵㐃ࡍࡿḢᕞ≉チᶒࡢᶒ฼⪅࡟ࡼࡾᙜヱ≀ရࡢᘬΏせㄳࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡵࠊ῝้࡞⤖ᯝࢆࡶࡓࡽࡉ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠊ࡜࠸࠺᭱ᚋࡢ㆟ㄽ࡟ᑐࡋ཯┬ࡓࠋᢈุࢆ࠿ࢃࡍࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࣈࣜࣗࢵࢭࣝࡢḢᕞጤဨ఍ࡣࠊⱝᖸ୙ㄔᐇ࡟ࢆ㏕ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᙜ᪉ࡢㄪ࡭ࡣࠊࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ῝้࡞ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋ➨୍࡟ࠊᙜヱ㏻㐣ࡣࠊ㍺ฟᴗ⪅ࡢ⮬Ⓨⓗ࡞ุ࢜ࣛࣥࢲࡢ஦౛࡛ࡣࠊᕪᢲࡣ࢜ࣛࣥࢲࡢ⛯㛵ᙜᒁ࡟ࡼࡾ⫋ᶒ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࠊࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࣟࢧࣝࢱࣥࡢ஦౛ࡣࠊ㈌≀ࡀ஦ᚋⓗ࡟ᕪᢲࢆゎ࠿ࢀࡓ

Note by Sanjay Suri on www.ipsnews.net.3Losartan ஦ ௳ ࡟ ࡘ ࡁ http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/eudrugs2009

letter1.pdf ࠊ Clopidogrel ஦ ௳ ࡟ ࡘ ࡁ http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/eudrugs2009letter2.pdf ࠊ Medizapin ஦ ௳ ࡟ ࡘ ࡁ http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/ ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 9RO  ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 9RO   ᕳ㢌ㄽᩥ⛯㛵࡟࠾ࡅࡿᕪᢲࠊ㏻㐣࡜ྲྀᘬ 㻴㼑㼍㼠㼔 ഇ㐀⸆࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥࢆᣦ᦬ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ཧ↷ࡣṇ㭀ࢆᑕ࡚࠸௙ྥᆅࡢグ㍕࡞ࡋ࡟㍺ฟࡉࢀࡓព໶≀ရ㸦㟁Ẽ࣑࢝ࢯࣜ㸧࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࣈࣛࢪࣝ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࢚࢖ࢬࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢࡓ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ஦ᐇࡣࠊ௜クࡉࢀࡓၥ㢟ࢆ㎸ࡳධࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡟ࡍࡿࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊࡵ࡟౪⤥ࡉࢀࡓ་⸆ࡀࡇࢀ௨ୖ◚ቯࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ಖ㞀ࡍࡿࡶ᱌௳ࡀ⌮⏤ࡶ࡞ࡃᖺ࠿ࡽᮍỴ╔ࡢࡲࡲ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺஦ᐇࡀࠊ⿢ุᡤ࡟ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋᚑ๓ࡢỈ㝿つไ࡟౫ᣐࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆవ൤࡞ࡃࡉࡏࡓࠋ
ࠕᖺ᭶᪥ࡢ EC つ๎ࡢ  ᮲  E 㸦ᪧ⛯㛵つ๎㸧ࡣࠊつb㻌㸧ECJ㻌ಀᒓ୰ࡢ஦౛⌧ᅾࠊၟᶆᶒࡶࡋࡃࡣ≉チᶒࡢ࠶ࡿ≀ရࡢ㏻㐣࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊECJ ࡟ಀᒓ୰ࡢ᱌௳ࡀ  ௳Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࠋ๎  ᮲࡟ᚑࡗࡓ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒ⪅࡟ࡼࡿ⏦❧ࢆཷࡅࡓຍ┕ᅜࡢ⿢ุᡤࢆᣊ᮰ࡍࡿඹྠయἲࡢ⤫୍࣮ࣝࣝࢆᵓᡂࡋࠊࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ⿢ุᡤࡣࠊ୍᫬ⓗ࡞ಖ⟶ࡸ㏻㐣࡜࠸࠺≧ἣࢆ᩵㓃ࡋ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽࡎࠊᙜヱ≀ရࡀᙜヱຍ┕ᅜ࡛〇㐀ࡉⱥᅜ᥍ッ㝔࡟ࡼࡿᖺ᭶  ᪥ࡢ Nokia v. Her Majesty's Commissionersof Revenue and Customs (HMRC), pending as case C-495/09 ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ௜ク࡟ࡼࢀࡓ࡜ᨃไࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊᙜヱຍ┕ᅜἲࢆ㐺⏝ࡋࠊၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒࢆ౵ᐖࡍࡿ≀ရ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ྰ࠿ࢆุ᩿ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿ࠋࠖࢀࡤࠊᶒ฼⪅ࡢチㅙ࡞ࡋ࡟〇㐀ࡉࢀࡓ Nokia ࡢၟᶆ௜ࡁࡢᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡀ㤶࠿ࡽࢥࣟࣥࣅ࢔࡟㏻㐣ࡉࢀࡿ㏵୰࡛ࠊࣄ࣮ࢫ࣮ࣟ✵࡛ᕪࡋᢲࡉ࠼ࡽࢀㄪ

ᰝࢆཷࡅࡓࠋNokia ࡣࠊ⛯㛵࡟ࡣᕪᢲࡢᶒ㝈ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊᙜヱ〇ရࢆᐇ㝿࡟ᕪᖺ᭶ࠊECJ ࡢุ஦⿵ࡣᖺ࡟㛤ദࡉࢀࡿཱྀ㢌ᑂ⌮ࡢࡓࡵࡢせ⣙࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ␗࡞ࡿ❧ሙࢆ᥇ࡿ⪅ࡢᴫせࢆ♧ࡍ㊃ព᭩ࢆసᡂࡋࡓࠋ

ࡋᢲࡉ࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ࡢ❧ሙࢆ᥇ࡗࡓࡀࠊ⛯㛵ࡣࠊᙜヱ〇ရࡀᐇ㝿㊃ព᭩࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ⛯㛵ࡀ㏻㐣୰ࡢ≀ရࢆᕪࡋᢲࡉ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ࡢ࡟᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ඹྠయᕷሙ࡟⾜ࡁ╔ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿ஦ᐇࡀఱฎ࡟ࡶNokia ࡢ❧ሙ࡟㈶ពࢆ♧ࡍࡢࡣࠊINTA㸦ᅜ㝿ၟᶆ༠఍㸧ࠊ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻࠊࣇ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ⌮⏤࡟ᕪᢲࢆᣄྰࡋࡓࠋNokia ࡢ஦౛ࡣ୍ᑂ࡛ࡣㄳồࡀᲠ༷ࡉ࢕ࣥࣛࣥࢻࠊ࣏ࣝࢺ࡛࢞ࣝ࠶ࡾࠊ௚᪉࡛ࠊ⛯㛵ࡣඹྠయᕷሙ࡟ὶධࡍࡿྍࢀࠊ᥍ッ㝔ࡣ ECJ ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚௨ୗࡢၥ㢟࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ඛỴ⿢ᐃࡢ⏦❧ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ⬟ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ≀ရ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᥐ⨨ࢆㅮࡎࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡟Ṇࡲࡿࠊ࡜ࡢ HMCRࡢ❧ሙ࡟㈶ពࢆ♧ࡍࡢࡣࠊࢳ࢙ࢥࠊⱥᅜࠊḢᕞጤဨ఍࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕඹྠయᇦእࡢ≀ရ࡛ඹྠయࡢၟᶆࡀ௜ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡀຍ┕ᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚⛯㛵ࡢ⟶⌮ୗ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ㠀ຍ┕ᅜ࠿ࡽ௚ࡢ㠀ຍ┕ᅜ࡬㏻㐣୰࡛࠶c㻌㸧ྛᅜࡢ⿢ุᡤ࡟ಀᒓࡋࡓ஦᱌ࡿሙྜࠊᙜヱ≀ရࡀ⛯㛵ࡢᡭ⥆࡟ᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㐪ἲ࡞㎽ᅇᡭẁ࡟ࡼ‘s-Gravenhage ᆅ⿢㸦࢜ࣛࣥࢲ㸧ࡣࠊᖺ  ᭶᪥ࡢỴᐃ࡟ࡼࡾྎ‴࠿ࡾ EC ᕷሙ࡟⨨࠿ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍドᣐࡀ࡞࠸ሙྜ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊEC つ๎ࡽ࢔࣒ࢫࢸࣝࢲ࣒

EC ࡢ  ᮲ 㐣࡟㛵ࡍࡿᡭ⥆ࢆ೵Ṇࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ஦᱌࡛ࣟࢩ࢔࡟௙ྥࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࢚࢔࢞

D ࡟࠸࠺ࠗᶍೌရ࠘࡜ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ࠿ྰ࠿ࠋࠖ

ࢆ⤒⏤ࡋ࡚ࣟࢩ࢔࡟௙ྥࡅࡽࢀࡓ࣑ࢽ࢚࢔࢞ࣥࡢ㏻

ࣥࡢ୍㒊 ࡟ࡣ ࠊ࢖ࢫ࢚ࣛࣝ ࡢ㖠ჾ࣓ ࣮࢝ ࣮ࡢඹྠ యⓏ 㘓ၟᶆ࡛ ࠶ࡿ࢔ࣥࢺ࣮࣡ࣉ㧗➼⿢ุᡤ࡟ࡼࡿᖺ᭶  ᪥ࡢ Philips v. LuchengࠕKalashnikovࠖࡀ௜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ೵Ṇ࿨௧࡟࠾࠸࡚ྠᆅ⿢ࡣࠊᚑ๓ࡢ  ௳Meijing Industrial et al., pending as case C-446/09 ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ௜クࡣࠊ୰ᅜ࠿ࡽࡢ௜クࢆཧ↷ࡍࡿ࡯࠿ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ≀ရࡀ࢜ࣛࣥࢲࡢ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒࢆ౵ᐖࡍࡿ

࠾ࡑࢀࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣ㏻㐣୰ࡢ≀ရࡢᕪᢲࢆせồࡍࡿ࢜ࣛࣥࢲࡢ㏆᫬ࡢ

documents/eudrugs2009 letter3.pdf ࢆཧ↷ࠋ⿢ุ౛ࢆཧ↷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚑ๓ࡢⱥᅜ᥍ッ㝔ࡢุỴ (Eli Lilly et al. v. 8PM Chemists, 25 February 2008, 41 IIC

117 (2010)) ࡢㄝ♧ࡢ࡞ࡀࢀࢆࡃࡴⱥᅜ㧗➼ἲ㝔ᖺ  ᭶᪥ุỴ (Nokia Corp. v.

Rechtbank s’-Gravenhage, case 330510/HA ZA 09-528 Cybergun v. KLM and Wargaim.

HMRC, 40 IIC 875 (2009)) ࢆཧ↷ࠋ࢜ࣛࣥࢲ᭱㧗⿢ᖺ  ᭶᪥ุỴ C02/110HR Philips v. Postech and Princo ྎ ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 9RO  ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 9RO   ᕳ㢌ㄽᩥ⛯㛵࡟࠾ࡅࡿᕪᢲࠊ㏻㐣࡜ྲྀᘬ 㻴㼑㼍㼠㼔 ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢⅬ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚⿢ุᡤࡣ⤫୍ࡋࡓぢゎࢆ᥇ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋᆅࡀఱฎ࡛࠶ࢀࠊ㏻㐣୰ࡢ≀ရࡀᶍೌရࡶࡋࡃࡣᾏ㈫∧ࡢ␲࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜࠊ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒࡢಖㆤࡢ࠶ࡿ〇ရࡢ㏻㐣ࢆ౵ᐖ࡜ุ᩿ࡋࡓ⿢ุ౛ ࡣ  ௳࠶ࡿࡇࢀࢆᕪࡋᢲࡉ࠼ࡿᶒ㝈ࡀ᫂♧ⓗ࡟୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠖ᪨ࢆಖ㞀ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ᙉࡃồࡶࡢࡢࠊከᩘࡢ⿢ุ౛ࡣ౵ᐖࢆྰᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᭱㏆ࡢࢻ࢖ࢶࡢࣁࣥࣈࣝࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢኌ᫂ࡢ฼Ⅼࡣࠊࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࠕᶍೌရࠖࡸࠕᾏ㈫∧ࠖ࡜⛠ࡉࢡᆅ⿢ࡢุ᩿࡛ࡣࠊ≉チᶒ⪅ࡀ௙ྥᆅᅜෆࡢ≉チࢆࡶಖ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ࡟ࢀ࠺ࡿࡶࡢࢆỴࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ‽ᣐἲࡢỴᐃࡀඛ⾜ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺

ࡣࠊ㏻㐣⾜Ⅽࡣ≉チᶒ⪅ࡢእᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᤼௚ⓗ฼┈࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࠺ࡿࡶࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡜ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡓ࡜࠼௙ྥᆅࡢ≉チᶒࢆ౵ᐖࡍࡿࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡿሙྜ
࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ㏻㐣୰࡟≀ရࡀ◚Რࡉࢀ࠺ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋOlivier Vrins ࡟ࡼ

㸰㸬㏻㐣࡟㛵ࡍࡿඹྠయἲ㻌ࡿࣜࢫࢺ࢔ࢵࣉ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ௚ࡢḢᕞㅖᅜ࡛ࡢุ᩿ࡶ༊ࠎ࡟ศ࠿ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⛯㛵ᙜᒁࡢᶒ㝈ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿἲⓗ࡞ྲྀᢅ࠸ࡣࠊ୍᪉࡟࠾ࡅࡿᐇయἲࠊࡇࡢၥ㢟࡟㛵ࡍࡿྲྀᢅ࠸ࡀࣁ࣮ࣔࢼ࢖ࢬ࡜ࡣ࡯࡝㐲࠸≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ┳ྲྀࡉࢀࡿࠋ

ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ㏻㐣୰ࡢ≀ရ࡟㛵ࡍࡿၟᶆࠊព໶ࠊⴭసᶒࠊࡑࡢ௚ࡢ▱ⓗ㈈⏘d㻌㸧ACTA㸦ᶍೌရ࣭ᾏ㈫∧ᣑᩓ㜵Ṇ᮲⣙㸧ࡢ஺΅௚᪉࡟࠾ࡅࡿඹྠయࡢ⛯㛵つ๎ࡀ┦஫࡟స⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊࡑࡢΰ㏞ᗘಖㆤ࡟㛵ࡍࡿඹྠయࡢไᗘ࡟㛵ࡍࡿඹྠయᣦ௧ࠊඹྠయつ๎ࡸ≉チἲ࡜ࠊᖺ  ᭶ࡢ ACTA ࡢⲡ᱌࡟࠾ࡅࡿỈ㝿ᥐ⨨࡟㛵ࡍࡿ➨  ❶࡛ࡣࠊຍ┕ࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ࣮ࣝࣝࡀ⚾ἲࡢ㡿ᇦ࡟ᒓࡍࡿࡶᅜ࡟ᑐࡋࠊࠕᙜ஦ᅜࡢ㡿ᇦෆࡢ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒࢆ౵ᐖࡋ࡞࠸ࠖ㏻㐣୰ࡢ≀ရ࡟ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ୍᪉ࠊ⛯㛵つ๎ࡸỈ㝿つไࡀබἲࡢ୍ࢆ࡞ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶࠊࡘ࠸࡚ ACTA ࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿ࠿ྰ࠿ࢆጤࡡ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᚋ㏙ࡍࡿ EC ࡢㅖつᐃࡢゎ㔘ࢆᅔ㞴࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡍࡿ୍ᅉ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋỈ㝿ᥐ⨨つไ࡜ྠ⛬ᗘࡢ㈇ᢸࢆㄢࡍࡶࡢ࡛ࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࠋ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ᪤㏙ࡋࡓWTO ࡢ஦౛ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ࠊᅜ㝿ၟᴗ఍㆟ᡤ ICC㸧ࠊᶒ฼⪅࡟ࡼࡿᅽຊᅋయࠊa㻌㸧❧ἲ࡟ࡼࡿつᐃᅜ㝿ၟᶆ༠఍ INTA ࡣࠊᖺ  ᭶᪥ࡢኌ᫂࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊACTA ࡢྜព࡟ࡘࡁၟᶆᶒ౵ᐖࡢᶍೌရ࡜ⴭసᶒ౵ᐖࡢᾏ㈫∧࡟⠊ᅖࢆ㝈ᐃࡍ࡭ࡁ᪨ࡸࡸ༢⣧໬࡟㐣ࡂࡿ᎘࠸ࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊඹྠయၟᶆᣦ௧࡜⛯㛵つ๎࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀၥ㢟ࡢᢕᥱ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚᭷┈࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋᥦゝࡍࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊ஺΅ᢸᙜ⪅࡟ᑐࡋࠊࠕ⛯㛵ᙜᒁࡣࠊᙜヱ≀ရࡢ᭱⤊௙ྥၟᶆᣦ௧ࡣၟᶆࡀ௜ࡉࢀࡓ≀ရࡢ㏻㐣࡟㛵ࡋ࡚᫂☜࡞つᐃࢆᣢ

ࡘࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊၟᶆࡀ௜ࡉࢀࡓ≀ရࡢ㍺ฟධ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ  ᮲࡛‴࠿ࡽ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮࡜ࢫ࢖ࢫ࡬ࡢ≉チ〇ရؐCD ࡢ㏻㐣࡟㛵ࡍࡿ஦௳ ࡀ➃⥴࡜࡞ࡾࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟つᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣁ࣮ࢢᆅ⿢ᖺ  ᭶᪥ุỴ 02/2947 Philips v. Furness and Princo ྎ‴࠿ࡽࢫ

࢖ࢫ࡬ࡢ≉チ〇ရؐCD ࡢ㏻㐣࡟㛵ࡍࡿ஦௳ ࠊࣁ࣮ࢢᆅ⿢ᖺ  ᭶᪥ุỴ
311378/KG ZA 08-617 Sosecal v. Sisvel ୰ᅜ࠿ࡽࣈࣛࢪࣝ࡬ࡢ≉チ〇ရؐMP3 ࣉࣞ࢖࣮ࣖࡢ㏻㐣࡟㛵ࡍࡿ஦௳ ࡀࡇࢀࢆ㋃くࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࡜ࡁ࡜ࡋ࡚␲⩏ࡀ࿊ࡉࢀࡿࠋVan HezewijkࡣࠊMontex and Rolex

 Irreconcilable Differences?, 39 IIC 775, 788 ࡜࠸࠺ㄽᩥ࡟࠾࠸࡚௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟ၥ㢟Ⅼ



TGI Paris, 12 November 2008, 888 PIBD III, 772, Pfizer v. Osaka Pharma.

ࢆᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࠋ᭣ࡃࠊࠕ㹙ᮏ✏࡟࠾ࡅࡿᶍೌရࡢᐃ⩏㹛ࡢᛶ㉁࡛㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣࠊՠԼƦǕFrench Supreme Court, 7 June 2006, 837 PIBD III, 611; TGI Paris, 23 February 2007,ᐯ˳ ࡢ≉ᚩࢆᤕᤊࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ≀ရࡣࠊࡑࢀࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟฼⏝ࡉࢀ

851 PIBD III, 312; TGI Paris, 21 October 2008, 887 PIBD III, 748, and Paris Appeal Court,ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟㛵ࢃࡽࡎࠊ〇㐀ࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛ᶍೌရ࠿ྰ࠿ࡀỴࡏࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ

30 January 2009, 41 IIC 107 (2010) – “Viagra Transit”.

ࡇࡢᐃ⩏ࡣࠊᙜヱ≀ရࡢᡤᅾᆅࠊᙜヱᆅࡢἲࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᙜヱᆅᇦ࡛㐺⏝ࡉࢀ࠺ࡿၟ



Hamburg District Court, 30 April 2009, 5 InstGE 11, 65 – “Datenträger” (currently underᶆἲ࡟౫Ꮡࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖࠋ༢⣧࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿

appeal, and not in line with previous German decisions on this issue).ࡋࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᐃ⩏௜ࡅ࡜᢬ゐࡍࡿࡢࡀࠊࡸࡗ࠿࠸࡞ᒓᆅ୺⩏ࡢཎ๎࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᚋ㏙ࡍࡿࠋOlivier Vrins, above note 1, 362 - 370.

 ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 9RO  ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 9RO   ᕳ㢌ㄽᩥ⛯㛵࡟࠾ࡅࡿᕪᢲࠊ㏻㐣࡜ྲྀᘬ 㻴㼑㼍㼠㼔  㸬ຍ┕ᅜࡣᶒ฼⪅࡟ᑐࡋࠊⓏ㘓ၟᶆࡀຍ┕ᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ಙ⏝ࢆ⋓ᚓࡋ࡚ࡿ࡜࠸࠺␲࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜ࡟ࠊ⛯㛵ᙜᒁࡀ࡞ࡍ࡭ࡁᥐ⨨ࡢ᮲௳ࢆつᐃࡍࡿࠋ࠾ࡾࠊṇᙜ࡞⌮⏤ࡢ࡞࠸౑⏝࡟ࡼࡾࠊၟᶆࡢ㆑ูᛶࡸಙ⏝࡟ᑐࡋ࡚୙ᙜ࡞D ᙜヱ≀ရࡀࠊඹྠయ⛯㛵つ๎  ࢆᇶ♏௜ࡅࡿᖺ᭶᪥ࡢ EC฼ᚓࢆ⏕ࡌࡿ࠿ࠊᦆᐖࢆ୚࠼ࡿሙྜࠊᶒ฼⪅ࡢチㅙࡢ࡞࠸➨୕⪅ࡀࠊⓏ㘓つ๎➨᮲࡟࠸࠺⮬⏤ὶ㏻ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿゎᨺࠊ㍺ฟࡲࡓࡣ෌㍺ฟ

ၟᶆ࡜ྠ୍ࡲࡓࡣ㢮ఝࡢᶆ❶ࢆࠊⓏ㘓ၟᶆࡢᣦᐃၟရ࣭ᙺົ࡜ྠ୍࡛ࡣ࡞

ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚ᣢࡕ㎸ࡲࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿሙྜࡃ㢮ఝࡋ࡞࠸ၟရ࣭ᙺົ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊྲྀᘬୖ౑⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⚗Ṇࡍࡿᶒ㝈ࢆ௜୚ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋE ᙜヱ≀ရࡀࠊᖺ᭶᪥ࡢ EC つ๎➨᮲࠾ࡼࡧ᮲࡟࠸࠺ᙜᒁࡢᶒ㝈ࡀཬࡪ㡿ᇦ࡟ฟධࡉࢀࡿ≀ရ࡟㛵ࡍࡿඹྠయࡢᑂᰝࡢẁ㝵࡛Ⓨぢࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊྠつ๎➨᮲  㡯 D ࡟࠸࠺೵Ṇᡭ⥆ୗ 㸬௨ୗࡢ⾜Ⅽࡣ≉࡟ࠊ ࠾ࡼࡧ  ࡛⚗Ṇࡉࢀࡿࠋ࡟࠶ࡾࠊྠつ๎➨᮲  ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ㏻▱࡟ࡼࡿ෌㍺ฟࡢᡭ⥆ୗࡲࡓࡣྠつ ၟရࡸᙜヱၟရࡢໟ⿦࡬ᶆ❶ࢆ௜ࡍࡿ⾜Ⅽ ᶆ❶ࢆ௜ࡋࡓၟရࡢᥦ౪ࠊᕷሙ࡬ࡢᢞධࠊࡇࢀࡽࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿಖ⟶ࠊᶆ❶ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᙺົᥦ౪࠾ࡼࡧ౪⤥๎᮲࡟࠸࠺⮬⏤㈠᫆ᆅᇦࡶࡋࡃࡣ಴ᗜ࡟ⶶ⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ 㸬ᮏつ๎࡟ࡼࡾࠊ➨  㡯࡟࠸࠺≀ရࡀ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒࢆ౵ᐖࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀุ᫂ࡋࡓሙྜ࡟ࠊ➇தᙜᒁࡀྲྀࡾ࠺ࡿᥐ⨨ࢆỴᐃࡍࡿࠋ ᶆ❶ࢆ௜ࡋࡓ≀ရࡢ㍺ฟධ➨஧᮲ࠕ㍺ධࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᐃ⩏つᐃࡀᏑࡋ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊ➨  ❶࡟つᐃࡉࢀࡿᶒ฼ࡣྲྀᘬୖࡢ౑⏝࡟ࡢࡳゝཬࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸬ᮏつ๎࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ௨ୗࡢ≀ရࢆࠕ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒࢆ౵ᐖࡍࡿ≀ရࠖ࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡍࡿࠋD ࠕᶍೌရࠖࠋ࡜ࡾࢃࡅ௨ୗࡢ≀ရࠋ⛯㛵つ๎ࡣࠊ๓ᩥ ๓ᩥ  ࠾ࡼࡧ  ࠾ࡼࡧ᮲ᩥ ➨  ᮲࠾ࡼࡧ  ᮲ ࡟࠾࠸࡚௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟つᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

L ↓チㅙ࡛ࠊ᭷ຠ࡞ྠ୍ࡢᣦᐃၟရ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⓏ㘓ၟᶆ࡜ྠ୍ࡢၟᶆࡀ௜ࡉࢀࡓ≀ရࡶࡋࡃࡣໟ⿦ࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ၟᶆ࡜ᮏ㉁ⓗ≉ᚩ࡟࠾࠸࡚༊ูࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡎࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊඹྠయၟᶆ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᖺ᭶᪥ ᶍೌရࠊᾏ㈫∧ࠊࡑࡢ௚୍⯡࡟▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒࢆ౵ᐖࡍࡿ≀ရ࡛ࠊ➨୕ᅜࡢ EC つ๎ࡢ  ࡲࡓࡣ⛯㛵ᙜᒁ࡟ࡼࡿᥐ⨨ࡢ⏦ㄳࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓྛຍࢆཎ⏘࡜ࡍࡿ࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ➨୕ᅜ࠿ࡽᣢࡕ㎸ࡲࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿሙྜࠊ✚᭰┕ᅜࡢἲ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃၟᶆᶒ⪅ࡢᶒ฼ࢆ౵ᐖࡍࡿ≀ရࡶࡋࡃࡣໟ⿦ࠋ͐࠼ࠊඹྠయෆ࡛ࡢ⮬⏤࡞ὶ㏻ࡢࡓࡵࡢゎᨺࡢ೵Ṇࠊ೵Ṇᡭ⥆ࡢୗ࡛ࡢὶ㏻ࠊ⮬⏤㈠᫆ᆅᇦ࠾ࡼࡧ಴ᗜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿὶ㏻ࡣ⚗Ṇࡉࢀࠊ⛯㛵ᙜᒁࡀྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾᐇຠⓗ࡟ࡇࡢ⚗Ṇつᐃࢆᇳ⾜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ᡭ⥆ࡀタᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ͐ ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒࡀᅜෆἲ࡟࠾࠸࡚౵ᐖࡉࢀࡓ࠿ྰ࠿ࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㛤ጞࡉࢀࡓᡭ⥆ࡣࠊຍ┕ᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚〇㐀ࡉࢀࡓ≀ရࡀ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒࢆ౵ᐖࡍࡿ࠿b㻌㸧ECJ㻌ࡢุ౛ἲ
ECJ ࡣࠊ㏻㐣ࡢ㐺ἲᛶ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ㄝ♧ࡍࡿከࡃࡢᶵ఍ࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᖺ௦㡰࡟ࠊ௨ୗࡢ  ௳ࡢ஦᱌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚≉࡟ゝཬ࡟್ࡍࡿࠋྰ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿᇶ‽࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢつ๎ࡣࠊ Case C-383/98, The Polo Lauren Company v. PT Dwidua Langgeng, ຍ┕ᅜࡢ⿢ุࡲࡓࡣྖἲᡭ⥆࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⟶㎄࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᖺ  ᭶  ᪥Ỵᐃࠋཎ࿌ࡣ the Polo Lauren ࡢࣟࢦࢆ௜ࡋࡓ㹒ࢩࣕࢶࡢᕪᢲࢆ

͐ồࡵࡓࠋᙜヱ≀ရࡣ࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔࠿ࡽࠊᙜ᫬ EC ຍ┕ᅜ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࣏࣮

➨୍᮲ࣛࣥࢻ࡬ࡢ㏻㐣୰࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᮏ௳ࡣࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ㠀ຍ┕ࡢ஧ᅜ㛫࡛ࡢ㏻㐣

 㸬ᮏつ๎ࡣࠊ≀ရࡀࠊ௨ୗࡢሙྜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒࢆ౵ᐖࡋ࡚࠸ࡢ஦᱌࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ⤖ㄽࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᭣ࡃࠊ ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 9RO  ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 9RO   ᕳ㢌ㄽᩥࠕᶍೌရࡶࡋࡃࡣᾏ㈫∧ࡢ⮬⏤ὶ㏻ࡢ┠ⓗ࡛ࡢゎᨺࠊ㍺ฟࠊ෌㍺ฟ⛯㛵࡟࠾ࡅࡿᕪᢲࠊ㏻㐣࡜ྲྀᘬ 㻴㼑㼍㼠㼔 ࡓ࡜࠾ࡶࢃࢀࡿࠋࢆ⚗ࡌࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᶍೌရࡶࡋࡃࡣᾏ㈫∧ࡢ೵Ṇᡭ⥆ࢆ㛤ጞࡍࡿᡭẁࢆ᭣ࡃࠊᐃࡵࡿᖺ᭶᪥ࡢ EC つ๎➨  ᮲ࡣࠊྠつ๎ࡀᐃࡵࡿ✀㢮ࡢ≀ရ࡟ࡘࡁࠊ㠀ຍ┕ᅜ࠿ࡽ௚ࡢ㠀ຍ┕ᅜ࡬㍺ධࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢ㏻㐣ࠕ  㸬ၟᶆ࡟㛵ࡍࡿຍ┕ᅜἲࡢࣁ࣮ࣔࢼ࢖ࢬࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿᖺ⤒㊰࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊຍ┕ᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᙜヱຍ┕ᅜࡢ⛯㛵ᙜᒁࡀࠊᙜヱ⛯㛵ࡢ᭶᪥ࡢ EEC ➨  ጤဨ఍ᣦ௧EEC ➨  ᮲  ࠾ࡼࡧ つ๎࠾ࡼࡧ౵ᐖ࡜ࡢ⏦❧ࡢ࠶ࡿ≀ရ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ㠀ຍ┕ᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿⓏ㘓࡞ࡽࡧ࡟ඹྠయၟᶆ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᖺ᭶᪥ࡢ EC ጤဨ఍つ๎ࢆ⤒ࡓᶒ฼ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ௻ᴗࡢ⏦❧ࢆ᰿ᣐ࡟୍᫬ⓗ࡟ᙜヱ≀ရࢆ␃⨨ࡍ➨  ᮲  ࠾ࡼࡧ ࡿሙྜ࡟㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿࠊ࡜ゎ㔘ࡉࢀࡿࠋࠖⶶ⨨ࡢᡭ⥆࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊၟᶆᶒ⪅࠿ࡶࡋࡃࡣࡑࡢྠពࢆᚓࡓ⪅ࡀඹྠయF ࠊF ࡣࠊၟᶆᶒ⪅ࡣࠊᇦእ㏻㛵ᡭ⥆ࡶࡋࡃࡣಖ⛯ᇦෆࡢᕷሙ࡟ᣢࡕ㎸ࢇࡔࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊᙜヱၟᶆࢆ௜ࡋࡓ┿ṇရࡢඹ Case C-60/02, in re Montres Rolex et al.,ᖺ  ᭶  ᪥Ỵᐃࠋᮏ௳ࡣ

ྠయᇦෆ࡬ࡢ༢࡞ࡿᣢ㎸ࢆ⚗ᅽࡋ࠼࡞࠸࡜ࡢព࿡࡛ゎ㔘ࡉࢀࡿࠋၟᶆ࢖ࢱࣜ࢔࠿ࡽ ᙜ᫬ࡣ㠀ຍ┕ᅜ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻࡶࡋࡃࡣ୰ᅜ࠿ࡽࢫ

ᶒ⪅ࡣࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࡣ኎㈙ዎ⣙➼࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚᭱⤊௙ྥᆅࡀ᪤࡟➨୕ᅜ࡟ࣟࣂ࢟࢔࡬≀ရࢆ㏻㐣ࡉࡏࡓ」ᩘࡢಶே࡟ᑐࡍࡿฮ஦஦௳࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

≉ᐃࡉࢀࡓ≀ရࡀඹྠయᇦෆ࡟ᣢࡕ㎸ࡲࢀࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࠊᇦእ

᭣ࡃࠊࠕ୍ᐃࡢ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒࢆ౵ᐖࡍࡿ≀ရࡢຍ┕ᅜ࡬ࡢᣢ㎸ࡲࡓࡣ㍺ฟࡶࡋࡃࡣ෌㍺ฟ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᡭẁࢆᐃࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᖺ  ᭶᪥ࡢඹྠయつ๎࡟࠾࠸࡚ಟṇࡉࢀࡓᖺ᭶᪥ࡢ EC つ๎➨  ᮲࠾ࡼࡧ᮲ࡣࠊḢᕞඹྠయ࡟ຍ┕ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸஧ᅜ㛫ࡢ㏻㐣୰ࡢ≀ရࡀຍ┕ᅜࡢ⛯㛵ᙜᒁ࡟ࡼࡾ୍᫬ⓗ࡟ᕪࡋᢲࡉ࠼ࡽࢀࡓሙྜ࡟㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿࠋࠖ㏻㛵ᡭ⥆ࡶࡋࡃࡣಖ⛯ⶶ⨨ࡢᡭ⥆࡟ಀࡽࡋࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡣチࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ 㸬ᣦ௧➨  ᮲ E ࠾ࡼࡧつ๎➨  ᮲ E ࡟࠸࠺ࠗ⏦ฟ࠘࡜ࠗᕷሙ࡟⨨ࡃࡇ࡜࠘࡟ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࠊၟᶆࡀ௜ࡉࢀࠊ㠀ຍ┕ᅜࡢ≀ရ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚⛯㛵ࡢᑂᰝẁ㝵࡟࠶ࡿࠊ┿ṇရࡢ㈍኎ࡢ⏦ฟ࠾ࡼ

ࡧ㈍኎ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᇦእ㏻㐣ᡭ⥆ࡶࡋࡃࡣಖ⛯ⶶ⨨ࡢᡭ⥆ୗࡢ㛫ࡢᙜヱ Case C-115/02, Administration des douanes v. Montemar,ᖺ᭶

≀ရࡢ㈍኎ࡢ⏦ฟ࠾ࡼࡧࠊࡲࡓࡣ㈍኎ࢆྵࡴࡶࡢ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ

᪥Ỵᐃࠋᮏ௳ࡣࢫ࣌࢖ࣥ࡟࠾࠸࡚㐺ἲ࡟〇㐀ࡉࢀࡓ⮬ື㌴㒊ရࡀᙜ᫬㠀ຍ┕ᅜ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻ࡬㏻㐣ࡉࢀࡿ㝿࡟ࠊ⤒⏤ᆅࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡟࠾࠸࡚࡞ 㸬୺ᡭ⥆࡟࠾࠸࡚ၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡿ≀ရࡢሙྜࠊᣦ௧➨  ᮲ࡉࢀࡓᕪᢲ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

 E ࡞ࡽࡧ࡟つ๎➨  ᮲ E ࠊ F ࡟つᐃࡉࢀࡿ⚗Ṇᶒ⾜౑᭣ࡃࠊࠕEC ᮲⣙᮲ࡣࠊຍ┕ᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚㐺ἲ࡟〇㐀ࡉࢀࠊูࡢຍ┕ᅜࡢࡢ᰿ᣐࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊၟᶆᶒ⪅ࡢၟᶆࢆ௜ࡋࡓ㠀ຍ┕ᅜࡢ≀ရࡀ⮬⏤㡿ᇦࢆ㏻㐣ࡋ࡚㠀ຍ┕ᅜࡢᕷሙ࡟⨨࠿ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀணᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ≀ရࡢ࡟ὶ㏻ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ゎᨺࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣඹྠయᕷሙ࡬ࡢᢞධࡀᚲᕪᢲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᙜヱูࡢຍ┕ᅜࡢ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ἲ࡟㛵ࡍࡿไᐃἲࡢつᐃ࡟ᇶ↛ⓗ࡟ணᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ≀ရࡢ㈍኎ࡢ⏦ฟ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ❧ドࡍࡿ㈐௵

࡙ࡃᕪᢲᡭ⥆ࡢᐇ⾜ࢆ⚗Ṇࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ゎ㔘ࡉࢀࡿࠋࠖࡣࠊၟᶆᶒ⪅ࡀ㈇࠺ࠋࠖ

 Case C-405/03, Class International v. Colgate-Palmolive, ᖺ᭶ Case C-281/05 Montex v. Diesel,ᖺ᭶  ᪥Ỵᐃࠋࡇࡢ஦௳࡛ࡣࠊ

᪥Ỵᐃࠋᮏ௳ࡣࠊཎ࿌ࡀࠊࣟࢵࢸࣝࢲ࣒ ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ༡࢔ࣇ࡛ࣜ࢝〇㐀ࡉMontex ࡣ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕDieselࠖᶆ❶ࢆ௜ࡋࡓࢪ࣮ࣥࢬࢆ⏕⏘ࡋࠊࢀࡓ ┿ṇရࡢ ࢥࣝࢤ࣮ࢺṑ☻ࡁ࡟ࡘࡁࠊ௙ྥᆅࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡟ࡶ

࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡟㍺ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋDiesel ࡣ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡟࠾࠸࡚ၟᶆᶒࢆ᭷

࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊᇦእ㏻㛵ᡭ⥆࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ᕪᢲࢆồࡵࡓ஦᱌࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊ≀ရࡢ⤒⏤ᆅ࡛࠶ࡿࢻ࢖ࢶ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣၟᶆᶒࢆ᭷࡚ࠊࡇࡢ஦௳ࡣࠊ
㸦࠾ࡑࡽࡃ 㠀ຍ┕ᅜ㛫ࡢ㏻㐣࡟㛵ࡍࡿ஦౛ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡗ

ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻࠊࢻ࢖ࢶࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶඹྠయࡢຍ┕ᅜ ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 9RO  ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 9RO   ᕳ㢌ㄽᩥ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊᮏ௳ࡣຍ┕ᅜ㛫ࡢ㈠᫆࡟㛵ࡍࡿ஦᱌࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸬ၟᶆ࡟㛵ࡍࡿຍ┕ᅜἲࡢࣁ࣮ࣔࢼ࢖ࢬࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿᖺ᭶᪥ࡢ EEC ➨  ጤဨ఍ᣦ௧EEC ࡢ  ᮲  ࠾ࡼࡧ  ࡣࠊၟᶆᶒ⪅࡟ᑐࡋࠊၟᶆಖㆤࡢ࡞࠸ຍ┕ᅜ㸦ᮏ௳࡛ࡣ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ㸧ࢆ௙ྥᆅ࡜ࡍࡿၟᶆࢆ௜ࡋࡓ≀ရ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊᙜヱၟᶆ࡟㛵ࡍࡿಖㆤࡢ࠶ࡿຍ┕ᅜ㸦ᮏ௳࡛ࡣࢻ࢖ࢶ㸧ࢆ⤒⏤ࡋࡓ㏻㐣ࢆ⚗Ṇࡋ࠺ࡿࡢࡣࠊᙜヱ≀ရ
ࡀࠊᇦእ㏻㛵ᡭ⥆୰࡟ࠊ➨୕⪅ࡢ⾜Ⅽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ⤒⏤ᆅࡢຍ┕ᅜࡢᕷሙ࡟≀ရࡀᚲ↛ⓗ࡟ᢞධࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿሙྜ࡟㝈ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ゎ㔘ࡉࢀࡿࠋ 㸬ࡇࡢሙྜࠊཎ๎࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㛵㐃ᅜࡶࡋࡃࡣ➨୕ᅜ࠿ࡽࡢ≀ရࡀຍ┕ᅜࢆ௙ྥᆅ࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ྰ࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᙜヱ≀ရࡀ⏕⏘ᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚㐺ἲ࡟〇㐀ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࠿࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᙜヱᅜࡢၟᶆᶒࢆ౵ᐖࡋ࡚〇㐀ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣၥࢃ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᣲࡆ࡚ࡁࡓ஦௳ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ஦᱌ࢆ␗࡟ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋMontex ஦௳ࡣ஧ࡘࡢຍ┕ᅜ㛫ࡢ㏻㐣ࡢ஦᱌ࠊRioglass ஦௳ࡣຍ┕ᅜ࡜㠀ຍ┕ᅜࡢ㏻㐣ࡢ஦᱌ࠊPolo Lauren ஦௳ࠊRolex ஦௳ࠊClass ஦௳ࡣ஧ࡘࡢ㠀ຍ┕ᅜ㛫ࡢ㏻㐣ࡢ஦᱌࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ〇㐀ᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚㐺ἲ࡟〇㐀ࡉࢀࡓ≀ရࡢ஦᱌㸦Rioglass ஦௳ࠊMontex
஦௳ࠊClass ஦௳㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࡑ࠺࡛࡞࠸஦᱌㸦Rolex ஦௳ࠊ
Polo Lauren ஦௳㸧ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ஦௳࡛ࡣࠊ⛯㛵࡟࠾ࡅࡿᕪᢲ࡟㝿ࡋ࡚㐺⏝ࡋࡓἲⓗ᰿ᣐࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᪧ⛯㛵つ๎ࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡓ஦᱌࡜ࡋ
࡚ Polo Lauren ஦௳࡜ Rolex ஦௳ࠊ᪂⛯㛵つ๎ࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡓ஦᱌
࡜ࡋ࡚ Montex ஦௳ࠊ༢࡟▱ⓗ㈈⏘ἲࡢᐇయつᐃࢆ㐺⏝ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚Class ஦௳ࠊၟရࡢ⮬⏤⛣ືࡢつᐃࢆ㐺⏝ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ Rioglass ஦௳ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋୖ㏙ࡢ஦௳ࡀࠊ஦᱌ࢆ␗࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡾࠊ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿつᐃࢆ␗࡟ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ ௳ࡢ⥅⥆୰ࡢ஦᱌ࡢ⤖ㄽࢆண࠸ࡿࠋ ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 9RO  ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᅔ㞴࡜࡞ࡗ࡚