Part

1 Principal Activities in FY2009

Part

1

Principal Activities
in FY2009

Japan International Cooperation System Annual Report 2009

3

Part

1 Principal Activities in FY2009

Highlights of Operations in FY2009
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Highlights of Operations in FY2009

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od Aidfor Africa
Since September 2008, the glob
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the implementa ce FY2008 the Japanese gove e and extremelyrntion of its foodand humanitaria ment has bolsteredmeans of contrib
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uting toas afood security. In
reto this governm sponseent policy,
in FY2009 JICS
increased
its operations relating tofood aid projec
ts. Amongnew food aid projects announced in FY
2008, there
was a particularfoprojects to assis cus ont countries
in Africa.

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Japan International Cooperation System Annual Report 2009

Part

1 Principal Activities in FY2009

anageSpecial Project Mram Grant
of
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ffi
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JICS Establ
ts
Increased Numbe
ment to Handle ent and Climate Change Projec
ch to assisting
Aid for Environm
g an active approachange. As
rnment is takineasures to climate
The Japanese gove
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sp
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Environment
developing countri
ent established the
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lic
e number of projone part of this po2008. In FY2009, th
FY
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ased substantially,
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th
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to the point whereimginthin theonse to the growoperations. In resp
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Pr
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Sp
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Offi
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to insent Saed
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Depar
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JICS’ Then-Snari OshimaeAcretary General YoshiHandover Ce ttends Ambulance
remony in IraqJapan has provided reconstr
uctio
Iraq since 2003
. Although all m n assistance toajor equipmen
procurement antdbeen completed construction projects have, in FY2009 addi
tional procurement and cons
trucusing remaining tion work was carried out
grant aid funds.
2009, as part of
In September
an additional pr
ocurement proj
ect, 312 new ambu
October 29, a ce lances arrived in Iraq, and on
remony was held in Baghdad
mark the official
tohandover of the ambulances.
JICS was repres
ented at the ceremony by a deegation headed
lby
Yoshinari Oshim JICS’ then-Secretary Generala, who conveyed
ciation to the
JICS’ appreIraqi Ministry of
Health for theircooperation in
the execution of
the project.

Highlights of Operations in FY2009

sitssaki Vi bodia
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In Novembeuatema nstruc- i
JICS Br 2009laoard, a stlightsJapan International Cooperation System Annual Report 2009

5

Part

1 Principal Activities in FY2009

Special Feature: JICS’ Current Roles and Functions

SpecialFeature JICS’ Current Roles and Functions

An elementary schoolin Madagascar built
using JICS’ procurement agent services

Continuous Expansion of JICS’ Procurement Agent Services
JICS undertakes a wide variety of procurement-related operations to support the Japanese government’s ODA
programs. In particular, JICS has a deep involvement with Japan’s grant aid programs.
Meanwhile, in recent years, JICS has seen an increase in the number of grant aid projects in which it acts as aprocurement agency on behalf of the ODA counterpart government. In this special feature, we explain the outlineof procurement agent services and introduce the roles and functions performed by JICS as a procurement agency
within Japan’s “Grant aid for community empowerment” and “Program grant aid for environment and climatechange” schemes.
P JICS’ Position within Japanese Government’s Grant Aid Projects

Government of Japan and
ODA executing agency
Ministry of Foreign Affairs(MOFA)
Japan International Cooperation
Agency (JICA)

Exchange ofnotes (E/N)

Relevant
government
agencies

Executingagencies

Contract
Rep ort
co n s i n g / liai s
ult a on/tion

Reporting/liaison/consultation

Implementationof aidTenderprocedures

Bidders
Construction
companies
Consultants

JICS

International
public-service procurement“Provide procurement services
from an expert,
impartial standpoint”

Contractors
Goods
suppliers

Developing country
government

Contract Fair tendering procedures Transparent managementof funds
 Appropriate managementof operations

Exchange of notes (E/N) refers to the formal exchange of written documents
between states or international agencies and organizations by which certain legal
rights and obligations are defined according to international law. In the case above,
an E/N relating to international aid stipulates the content of the aid agreement
between the Government of Japan and the recipient government.

6

The mechanism for procurement carried out
by JICS
Appropriate and efficient procurement operations covering
all necessary materials and equipment are absolutely essential in the execution of ODA projects. In the 1980s, when theJapanese government’s ODA budget was steadily increasing
and the number of counterpart countries was expanding,Japan was mainly reliant on foreign agencies to carry out the
procurement of materials and equipment to be used in aid
projects. Against this backdrop, there were calls to establish
a Japanese procurement agency. Under the initiation of the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA), JICS was launched as a
specialist organization to conduct procurement operations
relating to Japanese ODA projects.
In the field of ODA-related procurement, JICS has provided
technical, specialized services, which the Japanese government or counterpart government is not necessarily able tohandle sufficiently on their own. Such services include thepreparation of tender documents including technical specifications, the implementation and evaluation of bids and the
management of funds.
“Procurement” in the context of ODA refers to the acquisition of goods and services (i.e., transportation, design, construction, etc.) required by developing countries using ODA
funds based on internationally accepted norms and rules. This

Japan International Cooperation System Annual Report 2009

1 Principal Activities in FY2009

The emergence of projects that utilize theprocurement agent system

JICS as a procurement agency
JICS began providing services as a procurement agency in
FY1993 when it was commissioned by the Government ofMongolia to handle procurement relating to non-project
grant aid. In 2002, JICS commenced its involvement in construction projects when the Japanese government provided
reconstruction assistance for Afghanistan. In response to themajor earthquake and tsunami that occurred in December
2004 off the coast of Sumatra and which affected many
countries surrounding the Indian Ocean, Japan extended
reconstruction support to the affected countries. JICS wascommissioned by several counterpart countries to act as the
procurement agency for the reconstruction. Despite facing
severe turmoil in the immediate aftermath of the disaster, JICS
was able to respond flexibly to the needs of the devastatedareas and implement aid expeditiously. Based on this experience, the Japanese government established two new grant
aid schemes in FY2006—“Grant aid for community empowerment” and “Grant aid for disaster prevention and reconstruction”—which aim to construct facilities by utilizing local
enterprises, and JICS acts as the procurement agency for these
two schemes. Under these schemes, the procurement agency
not only provides such traditional services as management offunds and procurement of goods and equipment but is also
responsible for overall project management. This includes
such services as selection of consultants and construction
companies, on-site project management, coordination andcommunication with related organizations, and managementof progress on projects.

Operations responsive to changing conditions indeveloping countries
The global financial and economic crisis that began in September 2008 has had a severe impact on the lives of people indeveloping countries. In response, together with the international community, the Japanese government is working

P Flow of Operations in Grant Aid Project
Request foraid from
recipient
government

Confirmation
preliminary
screening(implemented insomeschemes)Finalevaluation
and approvalof project(MOFA final
screening/
Cabinetdecision)

Project
formulation

JICS’ sphere of involvement

Project
implementation

Evaluation,
follow-up(implemented insomeschemes)

Flow of Project Execution
Exchange of notes (E/N)

Concluding procurement agent agreement with recipient government
Examining price and specifications and setting ceiling priceSpecial Feature: JICS’ Current Roles and Functions

In recent years, a growing number of grant aid projects have
utilized the procurement agent system. Under this system, aprocurement agency manages and supervises the entire procurement process as an agency for the counterpart country
based on a contract with the government of that country.
There are significant advantages in conducting procurement through a procurement agency that possesses specialist
knowledge and expertise and which is able to operate from a
position of neutrality as a public-service foundation. In addition to ensuring fairness and transparency, such organizations
are able to perform the procedures related to the executionof projects appropriately and expeditiously. This system isused not only in Japan but also in other donor countries andinternational agencies and organizations in the execution ofaid projects.

vigorously to provide increased assistance to developing
countries in Africa and other regions. The Japanese government has also adopted policies to combat such global-scaleissues as climate change by further bolstering its financial andtechnical cooperation programs.
Driven by the circumstances outlined above, JICS’ operations in FY2009 experienced a marked increase in the numberof projects in the following schemes: Grant assistance for the
food aid project, which mainly comprised procurement ofrice and wheat for developing countries, particularly focusing
on Africa; Grant aid for community empowerment, whose
objective is to assist capacity building in communities grappling with poverty; and Program grant aid for environmentand climate change, which provides assistance for developing
countries in their efforts to deal with global warming. JICS isreinforcing its systems for the implementation of such projects
and is committed to achieving even greater efficiency andeffectiveness in such operations.

Preparing tender documents
Announcing tender
Bidding
Tender evaluation, report to recipient country, etc.
Notifying tender award
Concluding contract (between JICS and supplier or construction company)
Managing and confirming schedule fordelivery and transportation status

Procurement agent service

type of procurement requires the same level of neutrality, fairness and transparency as that of procurement conducted bydomestic public agencies.

Fund management

Part

Managing and confirming construction
work progress, making payments, etc.

Payment to contractor, etc.
Submitting project-completion report

A procurement agency acts as an agent for the recipient government toexecute the entire procurement process. Specifically, the procurement agency
has a core role in managing the overall project, including management of thetender process, signing contracts with consultants, suppliers and/or contractors and supervising progress in the fulfillment of contracts.

Japan International Cooperation System Annual Report 2009

7

Part

1 Principal Activities in FY2009

Grant Aid for Community Empowerment

Special Feature: JICS’ Current Roles and Functions

Lesotho: Assistance in Alleviating a Shortage of Secondary School Classrooms

8

1 324 1. Masowe High School in Lesotho’s capital city of Maseru, which was built as part of this project   2. Pupils gather for the groundbreaking ceremony at Masowe HighSchool   3. JICS staff (center) presents the school with commemorative gifts from JICS   4. The Prime Minister of Lesotho, Mr. Pakalitha Mosisili (right), and the Japanese Ambassador to Lesotho, Mr. Toshiro Ozawa (left), view the inside of one of the new classrooms.

Working to increase school enrollment rates
through the construction of additional secondary
schools
Lesotho is a small and landlocked country in southern Africa completely surrounded by the Republic of South Africa.
Lesotho contains many high mountain ranges and the entire
country sits at over 1,400 meters above sea level. This geography has earned the country such nicknames as the “Mountain Kingdom” and “Kingdom in the Sky.” In the 2008 Human
Development Index (HDI) published by the United Nations
Development Program (UNDP), Lesotho was ranked 155th outof 179 countries surveyed, making it one of the world’s least
developed countries (LDCs).
Lesotho has been implementing a range of measuresdesigned to increase school enrollment rates as it works
toward the goal of “Education for All.” However, a shortage ofclassrooms meant that there was an immediate need to build
more schools. In light of these circumstances, on March 7,
2008, the Government of Japan and the Government of theKingdom of Lesotho agreed to implement the Project for theConstruction of Secondary Schools under the “Grant aid forcommunity empowerment.” Subsequently, on April 7, 2008,
JICS entered into a procurement agent contract with the Lesotho government and carried out a range of services, including
management of the funds allocated for the construction of
secondary schools, selection of suppliers of equipment, suchas desks and chairs, selection of construction contractors andmanagement of the overall project.
Under this project, one secondary school was built in eachof seven high-priority districts. The design of each school
was adapted to conditions in each local area. For example, inmountainous regions where the school’s pupils were to be
drawn from a wide geographic area, the school included a
student dormitory, and in areas with a large student population, a combined cafeteria and multipurpose hall was includedin the school’s design.
In this Mountain Kingdom the weather is very changeable,
and in mountainous areas there is snow cover in the winter.

Despite such harsh conditions, during the project’s implementation JICS staff members supervised progress throughfrequent visits to all of the construction sites.

Handover ceremony watched by school pupils
and local residents
Among the seven new schools, construction of one wasdelayed owing to a change from the originally planned site
to an alternative site after consideration of the impact of anearby radio transmission tower. With construction of theother six schools completed, a handover ceremony was heldat Masowe High School—one of the new schools—in the
Lesotho capital city of Maseru on March 5, 2010.
Lesotho was represented at the ceremony by the Prime
Minister, the Minister of Education and other senior cabinet
ministers. Japan was represented by the Ambassador of Japanto the Republic of South Africa, who is concurrently accredited as Ambassador to Lesotho, the JICA South Africa Office
Deputy Resident Representative and members of the JICS
Lesotho Project Office. In addition, a representative of theUNDP, the ambassadors of several countries, local government
representatives and the principals of each of the newly constructed schools were invited to the ceremony, which was also
watched by 150 school pupils and approximately 100 local
residents. Although rain during the evening prior to the ceremony caused some concerns about the weather, the day ofthe ceremony brought clear skies. Under strong summer sunshine, the two-hour ceremony, including songs and dances
performed by the school students, was a great success.
At the closing of the ceremony, the JICS staff presented
each of the schools with commemorative gifts as part of JICS’
own support for the project. The gifts were chosen based onrequests received from teachers at each of the schools andincluded tools used in mathematics lessons, teaching materials for geography classes and balls for several types of sportsthat are popular in Lesotho. When the master of ceremonies
announced the soccer ball gifts, a large cheer arose fromthe students.

Japan International Cooperation System Annual Report 2009

Part

1 Principal Activities in FY2009

Vietnam: A Multi-Component Project for Community Empowerment

Diverse assistance, from equipment procurement
to infrastructure development
The U Minh Ha area of Cà Mau Province is one of the poorest
areas in Vietnam. Forest products are a key source of the area’s
livelihood, but forest growth is often affected badly by floodsin the rainy season and forest fires in the dry season. The area
is also handicapped by a lack of sufficient roads, schools andmedical facilities. Adding to these problems, a major forest firein the area in March 2002 destroyed over 6,000 hectares of forest, and restoration programs implemented by the Vietnamese
government were making only slow headway.
In light of these circumstances, on March 12, 2008, both theGovernment of Japan and Vietnam agreed to implement the
Project for Empowerment to the Community Damaged byForest Fire in Cà Mau Province. Within this project, based on an
agent agreement signed with the Cà Mau Provincial government, from April 2008 JICS undertook overall management of
the project, including such functions as management of projectfunds, procurement of equipment, and selection of/contract
with consultants and construction contractors for infrastructuredevelopment.
The project was designed to provide comprehensive development assistance, whose goal was to enhance the livelihoodof all communities in the U Minh Ha area. It was also JICS’ first
involvement in a multi-component project under the “Grant
aid for community empowerment.” JICS carried out a diverse
range of assistance operations, from procurement of such items
as construction machinery, barges, lumber processing equipment, medical equipment, radio transceivers and firefighting
pumps to infrastructure development, including embankment
construction (for the planting of forest plantations), canals,
roads, bridges, hospitals, elementary schools and fire monitoring
stations with towers.
The equipment initially requested by the Government ofVietnam were all procured to the project sites by July 2009. JICS
had also entered into contracts with construction companies
for all 15 lots of facilities’ construction one after another, and on
July 23, 2009, a joint groundbreaking ceremony was held at theconstruction site of the elementary schools. At the ceremony,
there were representatives of Japan from the Embassy of Japanin Vietnam, the JICA Vietnam Office and the JICS Project Office,and representatives of Vietnam from the Cà Mau Provincial People’s Committee, various related local government departments,
district government office, schools and the forest company.
Although it was already in the middle of rainy season, whichstarts in May, and there had been heavy rain on consecutive
days leading up to the ceremony, fortunately the day chosen
for the ceremony was blessed with clear weather. Ceremony
proceedings got underway with singing by children who were
to attend the school after its completion. All construction lots
are scheduled to be completed by September 2010.

Aiming to improve the lives of local people
A total of 43 construction sites in the project are widely spreadover a forested area of approximately 1,000 square kilometers.
Owing to the geographical condition of the project area, thetransportation of people, materials and equipment to the project sites is limited to the use of an intricate network of canals by
motorboats and sometimes rowboats. In some places, the very
narrow canals and overgrowing bushes make it difficult to passthrough, hence movement between different locations canoften take much longer than expected. Although the course of
the project has not been easy, the local people have high hopes
for its outcome and all of the project staff have been united intheir efforts to help improve the lives of the local people andpromote friendship between Japan and Vietnam.
One of the main pillars of the project is the construction of anembankment to be used for forest plantation over approximately 500 hectares. The project area is covered by strong acidic soils
unsuitable for agricultural production. Many of the area’s residents obtain their livelihoods from growing melaleuca, a typeof tree that grows even in acidic soils and whose timber is used
for such things as construction stakes. However, the growth ofmelaleuca is severely hindered by flooding. To remedy this persistent problem, the embankment was constructed to raise thelevel of the land and thereby protect the melaleuca plantations
from flooding. This measure aims to increase the productivityof melaleuca growing in the area as well as help improve theincome of local communities. After completion of the embankment’s construction and handover of the embankment sites, theforest company and local communities commenced the planting of melaleuca seedlings in September 2009.

Japan International Cooperation System Annual Report 2009

Special Feature: JICS’ Current Roles and Functions

1. A part of the completed embankment   2. A completed health center   3. Infant incubators provided to a hospital   4. The school groundbreaking ceremony
1
2 3 4 5 commences with children singing   5. One of the canals leads to the project sites

9

Part

1 Principal Activities in FY2009

Program Grant Aid for Environment and Climate Change
Solar electricity generation
Senegal: Program for Emergency Water Supply for
Addressing Climate Change
Morocco: Project for the Introductionof Clean Energy by Solar
Electricity Generation
Systems

Palestine: Project for the Introduction of Clean Energy by Solar Electricity Generation Systems
Jordan: Project for Energy Conservation through Upgrading the Water Supply Network
Jordan: Project for the Introduction of Clean Energy by Solar Electricity Generation Systems
Syria: Project for the Introduction of Clean Energy by Solar Electricity Generation Systems
Pakistan: Project for the Introduction of Clean Energy by Solar Electricity Generation Systems
Nepal: Project for the Introduction of Clean Energy by Solar Electricity Generation Systems
Mongolia: Project for the Introduction of Clean Energy by Solar Electricity Generation Systems

Special Feature: JICS’ Current Roles and Functions

Yemen: Project for the Introduction of Clean Energy
by Solar Electricity Generation Systems
Ethiopia: Program for Emergency Water Supply
for Addressing Climate Change
Djibouti: Project for the Introduction of Clean Energy
by Solar Electricity Generation Systems
Kenya: Program for Community-Based Flood Disaster Management
to Adapt to Climate Change in the Nyando River Basin
Botswana: Project for the Introduction of Clean Energy
by Solar Electricity Generation Systems
Niger: Program for Emergency Water Supply for Addressing Climate Change

1 2 3 4 5 6 Study of candidate sites: 1. Samoa   2. Sri Lanka   3. Kenya   4. Mongolia   Signing of procurement agent contracts: 5. Palestine   6. Pakistan   7. Kenya
7 8 9 10 11 8. Ethiopia   9. Garbage collection trucks delivered as part of the Program for Improvement of Solid Waste Management in Dhaka City toward the Low Carbon Society   10. The Mayor of Dhaka City pays a courtesy call to JICS (right: former JICS Vice President Yukihisa Sakurada)   11. Signing of contract with a goods supplierSupporting developing country efforts to deal
with climate change
The Japanese government is taking an active approach in assisting developing countries to deal with climate change. In 2008,
the Japanese government announced the Cool Earth Partnership, under which $10.0 billion was allocated to new programs
to be carried out over five years. As part of this policy, in 2008
the Japanese government established the “Program grant aid
for environment and climate change” scheme. Although developing countries have a willingness to contribute to climate
stabilization, many such countries lack sufficient capacity andfinancial resources of their own to simultaneously achieve both
reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and economic growth,
while other countries face situations made more fragile due tothe negative impacts of climate change, including drought anddesertification. Hence, this scheme was established to support
climate change mitigation measures in such countries.
The principal fields in which the scheme is being undertaken
are solar electricity generation, flood control, forest conservation, geothermal electricity generation and solid waste management. Among the projects for which JICS is acting as the procurement agency, there are a particularly large number of solar
electricity generation projects.
Within these projects, it is expected that by utilizing Japan’s
advanced photovoltaic power generation-related technologies,
a significant number of additional benefits will accrue. For thisreason, procurement of the main equipment for these projects
is tied to Japanese-manufactured products. The projects aim
to contribute to the adoption of solar electricity generation
systems in developing countries, and counterpart governments
have expressed high hopes that the projects will not only

10

Bangladesh: Program for Improvement of
Solid Waste Management in Dhaka City
toward the Low Carbon Society
Marshall Islands: Project for the Introduction of
Clean Energy by Solar Electricity
Generation Systems
Palau: Project for the Introduction of Clean Energy
by Solar Electricity Generation Systems
Sri Lanka: Project for the Introduction of Clean Energy
by Solar Electricity Generation Systems

Guatemala: Project for Promotion of
Production Activities by Clean
Energy in the Northern Villages
Belize: Project for the Introduction of Clean
Energy by Solar Electricity Generation Systems
Costa Rica: Project for the Introduction of
Clean Energy by Solar Electricity
Generation Systems
Peru: Project for the Introduction of Clean
Energy by Solar Electricity
Generation Systems

promote environmental goals but also facilitate economic
development by improving energy supply, in which many developing country governments are struggling to keep up withdemand.

Installation of large-scale solar power generation
facilities
In “Program grant aid for environment and climate change,” JICS
appropriately manages funds on behalf of counterpart governments as a procurement agency and carries out procurement ofnecessary goods, equipment and services.
Most of the solar power generation-related equipment to be
procured for these projects will be used in such locations as car
parks of public facilities and on unused land as part of the installation of large-scale and centralized solar power generation
facilities. Since a variety of specialized technologies are essential
to the development of such facilities, JICS has entered into
contracts with consultants who possess a high level of expertisein this field as it carries out its operations. Working closely withthese consultants and a wide range of other related organizations, JICS strives to realize smooth implementation of the
projects through coordination, troubleshooting of any problems
that may arise and by managing the overall projects.
Following the installation of solar electricity generation systems, JICS plans to undertake capacity development assistancein the form of training programs related to basic system knowledge, maintenance and operational management. In addition,
where necessary, JICS also plans to implement educational
programs in counterpart countries to increase knowledge
relating to the use of renewable energy.

Japan International Cooperation System Annual Report 2009

Part

1 Principal Activities in FY2009

The Role of JICS in ODA
The needs fulfilled by ODA

The role of JICS in ODA

Many people in the world are struggling to overcome poverty
and hunger. In recent years, as globalization has rapidly advanced, the international community has faced an increasing
number of issues that transcend borders—problems that cannot be solved by countries acting alone. Such issues include
environmental problems, the spread of infectious diseases,
and financial and economic crises. As a member of the international community, there is an expectation on Japan to help
address these issues through ODA.
Furthermore, Japan is highly dependent on imports of a wide
range of raw materials, energy and food, many of which comefrom developing countries. From this perspective, it is clearthat the lives of people in Japan are deeply affected by and are
dependent on stability within the international community.
To contribute to the maintenance of peace and stability inthe international community, and through that ensure Japan’s
own security and prosperity, Japan carries out ODA as animportant part of its national policy.

ODA refers to economic cooperation undertaken by the government for the purpose of assisting developing countries inthe development of their economies and societies, and helping improve the welfare of the people of developing counties
and promote stable livelihoods.
ODA is divided into two broad categories—bilateral aid thatis conducted directly in cooperation with a particular developing country and multilateral aid that is carried out throughan international organization. Bilateral aid can be further
divided into three modes—grant aid, technical cooperationand loan aid.
Since its launch in 1989, as a fair and neutral procurement
organization, JICS has provided a broad array of services
related to the procurement procedures for goods, equipment
and services necessary in the execution of many types of ODA
projects. The information below provides an overview of themain operation in which JICS is involved.
JICS’ sphere of involvement

Grant Aid

Grant
Aid-related
Operations

Procurement management
agent services*
Procurement agent services*

Technical
Cooperation

Technical
Cooperationrelated
Operations

Compilation of technical specifications, procurement and transportation of materials and equipment*
Studies related to technicalcooperation*
Dispatch of experts fortechnical cooperation projects*

Official
Development
Assistance (ODA)

Bilateral Loans

Multilateral Aid

Grant assistance for the food security
project for underprivileged farmers (2KR)
Grant assistance for the food aid project(KR)
Cultural grant aid
Non-project grant aid

Bilateral Grants

Bilateral Aid

Grant aid in which JICS is involved

Emergency grant aid
Grant aid for conflict prevention andpeacebuilding
Grant aid for disaster prevention andreconstruction
Grant aid for community empowerment

Loan Aid(ODA Loan)

Loan
Aid-related
Operations

Document screening services, etc.
(ODA loan-related operations)*

Program grant aid for environment andclimate change

Subscriptions andContributions toInternational Agencies
and Organizations

Multilateral
Aid-related
Operations

Studies, project implementation,etc. (International agencies andorganization-related operations)** For details on what these operations include, please refer to page
29.

Program grant aid for environment and climate change: Conducting a preliminary
study on flood control (Kenya)

The Role of JICS in ODA

Project-related studies, etc.
(Study for grant aid project)*P The Role of JICS in the Japanese
Government’s ODA

Food aid: Procured wheat (Ethiopia)

Japan International Cooperation System Annual Report 2009

11

Part

1 Principal Activities in FY2009

Grant aid-related operations
With the objective of contributing to the economic and social
development of developing countries, grant aid is a form ofassistance that includes no requirement for the counterpart
country to repay the funds needed for the procurement ofgoods, equipment and services. JICS is involved in the execution of the following grant aid schemes.

The Role of JICS in ODA

L Grant assistance for the food security project forunderprivileged farmers (2KR)

For developing countries that face food shortages, Japan provides grant assistance for the purpose of procuring fertilizer
and agricultural goods and equipment that will help bolster
the production of grain crops (rice, wheat, maize, etc.) in the
counterpart country. Japan commenced this scheme in 1977,
and it is carried out annually in Asia, Africa, Central and SouthAmerica, Eastern Europe, the Commonwealth of Independent
States (CIS) and others. The alternative name for this programis “2KR,” which is derived from the name “KR” that is used torefer to Grant assistance for the food aid project.
JICS’ role: Since its establishment, JICS has been commissioned
by JICA to carry out studies in Japan and in counterpart
countries for this program. Since FY1997, based on contracts
signed with developing country governments, JICS has been
acting as a procurement management agency to undertakethe fair and expeditious procurement of agricultural goods
and equipment. JICS also acts as the secretariat for intergovernmental consultative committees, which are tasked
with monitoring the distribution of the procured goods andequipment as well as the counterpart funds* set aside bycounterpart governments. Additionally, since FY2004 JICS has
been undertaking procurement agent services, including themanagement of funds.
* Note: U nder self-help efforts, developing country governments set aside local cur-rency counterpart funds equivalent to a certain proportion of the value ofgoods and equipment procured by grant assistance. These funds are utilized
for local economic and social development projects after consultation with
the Japanese government.

L Grant assistance for the food aid project (KR)For developing countries grappling with food shortages,
Japan provides grant aid for the procurement of rice, wheat,maize and other staple grains. This scheme was launched in1968. Food aid is sometimes referred to as “KR” owing to its

Grant aid for community empowerment: A class being taught prior to the implementation of a grant aid project (Mozambique)12

historic link with the Kennedy Round (KR) of negotiations
under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
The International Grain Agreement came into effect in 1967
as a result of the KR negotiations, and this aid program waslaunched in accordance with the aforementioned agreement.
JICS’ role: Since FY2001, JICS has provided food procurement
services under agreements signed with developing countries.
Under these agreements JICS also acts as the secretariat forintergovernmental consultative committees, which are tasked
with monitoring the distribution of the procured foodstuffs aswell as the counterpart funds set aside by counterpart governments. Furthermore, since 2007 JICS has been undertaking
procurement agent services, including the management offunds.

L Cultural grant aid

Japan provides grant aid for the purpose of promoting culture and education, as well as for the preservation of cultural
heritage in developing countries. This grant aid comprises
funds for the purchase, transportation, installation of materials
and equipment, and construction of facilities necessary for the
aforementioned cultural and educational activities. Generalcultural grant aid is carried out vis-à-vis governmental andpublic agencies while grassroots grant aid is provided to nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and local public agencies.
JICS’ role: MOFA first commissioned JICS to carry out preliminary studies on requested equipment in FY1993. Since
FY1995, based on contracts signed with developing country
governments, JICS has provided ancillary services related tothe procurement of equipment, including public notice, implementation and evaluation of the tendering process. Since
FY2000, JICS has been providing a range of follow-up services,
including the dispatch of technical experts to assess the usage
status of previously procured equipment. Since FY2004, JICS
has been undertaking the analysis of project applications.

L Non-project grant aid

Japan’s Non-project grant aid provides funds to developing
countries that are implementing poverty reduction programs
and other economic and social reforms for the procurement
and importation of necessary goods and equipment fromoverseas. The scheme is called Non-project grant aid since it
is not tied to any specific project at the time it is approved.

Grant aid for community empowerment: A JICS technical expert carries out construction project management while also providing training to local technical staff(Niger)Japan International Cooperation System Annual Report 2009

Part

1 Principal Activities in FY2009

JICS’ role: Since FY1993, under contracts signed with developing country governments, JICS has been carrying out theappropriate management of grant aid funds and procurementof necessary goods and equipment, including raw materials (petroleum products, steel, paper, etc.) and machinery for
public works (vehicles and construction machinery), which are
selected from a list of eligible products agreed upon between
the two governments.

L Emergency grant aid

L Grant aid for conflict prevention and peacebuilding

The objectives of this scheme are to assist developing countries in conflict prevention and peacebuilding efforts throughsuch measures as programs for the reintegration of former
soldiers, recovery of small arms and ethnic reconciliation. The
scheme provides funds for the procurement of goods andservices necessary for programs carried out in developing
countries. This type of grant aid has been implemented since
FY2002 as part of Non-project grant aid.
JICS’ role: Since FY2002, based on procurement agent contracts
signed with developing country governments, JICS has been
managing funds as well as undertaking project progress
management and implementation support of programs inaccordance with the particular characteristics of the assistancebeing provided. Core services include the management ofaid funds.

Grant aid for community empowerment: Children at a completed elementary
school (Madagascar)

For developing countries that are vulnerable to natural disasters, Japan provides grant aid comprising funds necessary forfacility construction and restoration to assist disaster prevention measures and post-disaster reconstruction.
In post-disaster reconstruction, to facilitate rapid responseeven in turmoil-affected situations and enable the provisionof several types of assistance simultaneously, it is essential toutilize very advanced coordination capabilities. Japan’s assistance draws on expertise across a diverse number of fields
and manages relief efforts through an integrated approach.
JICS’ role: Since the establishment of this scheme in FY2006,
based on contracts signed with developing country governments, JICS as a procurement agency has been undertaking
the management of funds, carrying out the procurement ofnecessary goods and equipment, handling the procurementof such services as those provided by consultants and construction companies, and providing overall project management services.

L Grant aid for community empowerment

This scheme was established with the objective of assisting
comprehensive capacity development in communities facingsuch threats to human life and secure livelihoods as poverty,
hunger and infectious disease. This program is intended toenhance competitiveness and reduce costs for such communities through the proactive utilization of local enterprises
and locally sourced goods and equipment, and by emphasizing local input into project specifications and design. While
enabling flexible responses to local conditions, this grant aid
scheme also requires sophisticated procurement management capabilities owing to the wide array of innovations
utilized to ensure that projects achieve high-quality outcomes.
JICS’ role: Since the establishment of this scheme in FY2006,
based on contracts signed with developing country governments, JICS as a procurement agency has been undertaking
the management of funds, carrying out the procurement ofnecessary goods and equipment, handling the procurementof such services as those provided by consultants and construction companies, and providing overall project management services.

The Role of JICS in ODA

Japan provides Emergency grant aid from a humanitarian
perspective in situations that require rapid relief, particularly
for victims of natural disasters and conflicts, refugees anddisplaced people. One of the most important features of thisscheme is its rapid execution in response to extremely urgent
needs. The Emergency grant aid scheme may also be used
to support democratization in developing countries, including the holding of elections, and to assist the reconstruction
development process following a conflict.
JICS’ role: Since FY1998, based on procurement agent contracts
signed with developing country governments, JICS has been
appropriately managing grant aid funds and carrying out
emergency procurement of necessary goods, procurement
procedures required for the construction of facilities and project management operations.

L Grant aid for disaster prevention and reconstruction

Non-project grant aid (Counterpart fund project): A police patrol vehicle (center) to
support policing activities (Afghanistan)Japan International Cooperation System Annual Report 2009

13

Part

1 Principal Activities in FY2009

L Program grant aid for environment and climatechangeFrom the perspective of strengthening developing countries’ response measures to climate change, this grant aid
scheme provides funds necessary for the formulation ofclimate change-related policies and response plans, and forthe procurement of materials and equipment and facility
construction services needed for the execution of such plans.
The scheme has three main focus areas—measures to combat
global warming, antipollution measures and protection of thenatural environment.
JICS’ role: Since FY2008, under contracts signed with developing country governments, JICS as a procurement agency has
been undertaking the management of funds, carrying out the
procurement of necessary goods and equipment, handlingthe procurement of such services as those provided by consultants and construction companies, and providing overall
project management services.

The Role of JICS in ODA

Technical cooperation-related operations

14

Loan aid-related operations (ODA loan)
Loan aid (ODA loan) involves the loan of development funds
to developing countries under such concessionary conditions as long repayment periods and low interest rates. In theimplementation of loan aid to developing countries, the lending terms are determined after consideration of a broad range
of factors, including average income levels in the counterpart
country. Unlike grant aid, loan aid requires repayment of aid
funds. Hence, this mode of aid aims at nurturing ownershipof the development process within the developing country
by promoting the efficient use of loan funds and appropriate
execution of projects.
JICS’ role: Since FY2004, JICS has been carrying out preliminary
screening of procurement-related documentation preparedby the counterpart country concerning the projects to be
implemented by that country under the loan agreement.
This screening verifies that documentation conforms to theaid program guidelines. JICS also conducts studies aimed at
facilitating the smooth execution of loan aid programs.

Technical cooperation promotes nation building in developing countries by facilitating the adoption of technology
among people in developing countries and by helping toraise the level of technology used. This mode of aid enablescounterpart countries to draw on Japan’s extensive range oftechnology and experience. With the primary objective offacilitating “human resources development”—especially foryounger generations who will play an important role in theircountry’s future—the implementation of technical cooperation is led by JICA through such programs as the acceptanceof training participants from developing countries, the execution of technical cooperation projects and the dispatch ofexperts and volunteers overseas.
JICS’ role: Since its launch in 1989, JICS has been commissioned
by JICA to undertake the provision of a broad array of services.
These include the provision of information related to equipment necessary for the execution of technical cooperation,
preparation of such procurement-related documentation as
technical specifications and tender documents, and procurement operational support for JICA overseas offices.

Multilateral aid-related operations

Grant aid for community empowerment: A completed secondary school (Lesotho)

Grant aid for conflict prevention and peacebuilding: An area designated for landmine clearance (Cambodia)

Multilateral aid enables Japan to contribute indirectly to thedevelopment of developing countries through subscriptions
and contributions to development aid institutions that arepart of the United Nations, and international development
finance institutions, such as the World Bank.
JICS’ role: As part of its multilateral aid efforts, the Japanese
government contributed to the establishment of the JapanASEAN Integration Fund (JAIF) by the ASEAN Secretariat tosupport ASEAN’s integration. Utilizing a part of this fund, in
FY2006 JICS was commissioned by the ASEAN Secretariat toundertake a project to assist in the implementation of avian
influenza countermeasures. Since then, JICS has also provided
procurement-related services for multilateral aid programs
carried out by international agencies and organizations andfor international cooperation projects implemented byforeign governments.

Japan International Cooperation System Annual Report 2009

Part

1 Principal Activities in FY2009

JICS’ Major Activities in FY2009
In this section, we introduce major assistance and procurement activities carried out by JICS in countries and regions around the world in FY2009.

IRAQ

Reconstruction Assistance
Ambulance handover ceremony held in Baghdad[Emergency grant aid]
An additional procurement lot of
312 new ambulances arrived in Iraq in
September 2009, and to mark the occasion, a handover ceremony was held in
Baghdad on October 29, 2009. On the
day of the ceremony, although there
was a slight disruption to the scheduled
time and place for the official handoverowing to an electrical power outage,
the ceremony was attended by Dr. Amer
al-Khuzai, Senior Deputy Minister of
Health, and four of the main prime ministerial advisors involved in the project,underlining the high level of interest
within the Iraqi government in Japanese assistance programs. Representing
JICS at the ceremony were JICS’ thenSecretary General Yoshinari Oshima and
Director of Planning and Coordination
Department Shunichi Kudo. Mr. Oshima
conveyed JICS’ appreciation to the Iraqi
Ministry of Health for their cooperationin the execution of the project.

The 312 ambulances delivered on thisoccasion, similar to the 700 ambulances
provided previously, were assigned tohospitals throughout Iraq by the Ministryof Health and are now being used for thetransfer of patients in emergency situations.

The handover ceremony in Baghdad

The ambulances lined up inside the port warehouse

Pakistan

JICS’ Major Activities in FY2009

Since FY2003, the Government of Japan
has been involved in providing a wide
range of support for reconstruction in
Iraq. In the implementation of 21 grant
aid projects, as the procurement agency
acting on behalf of the Iraqi government, JICS has handled such tasks as
the selection of equipment suppliers,
carrying out procedures for the execution of contracts, and managing the
progress of projects and project funds.
Procurement and construction works forall of the initially planned projects werecompleted in previous fiscal years, but in
FY2009 remaining grant aid funds wereused in the implementation of additional
procurement and construction projects.
In response to a request in 2004 fromthe Iraqi Ministry of Health, the Japanese
government made a formal decision on
January 1, 2005, to provide emergency
aid for the provision of ambulances.
Under this program, Japan delivered 700
ambulances to Iraq.

Assistance for the Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA)
Delivery of ambulances receives coverageby the Pakistani media[Non-project grant aid]

The Federally Administered Tribal Area
(FATA) is located in Pakistan’s northwest
region along the border with Afghanistan. While this area has been granted ahigh degree of autonomy, it lags otherparts of the country in terms of social
development and measures to address
poverty. Poverty can lead to the emergence of destabilizing factors, including
terrorism, hence there is a strong needfor the implementation of povertyreduction measures. Recognizing thisneed, in January 2008 the Japanese
government made a formal decision toprovide assistance aimed at reducing
poverty in FATA, focusing on improvement of the area’s medical and school
infrastructure.
After holding discussions with the
FATA Secretariat, JICS carried out the
procurement of ambulances, medical
equipment and electrical generators
as assistance in the medical field, andschool furniture, such as desks, chairs

and blackboards, as assistance in thefield of school education. In general, it isdifficult for foreigners and people fromother areas to enter FATA. For this reason,
the delivery had to be carried out while
maintaining a constant awareness of the
security situation. Delivery of the procured items was at times affected by the
execution of military operations in thearea. Consequently, JICS requested thecooperation of the FATA Secretariat andcarried out delivery while making safety
considerations its highest priority.
In December 2009, when the 15 ambulances procured by JICS arrived at the
FATA Secretariat in Peshawar, this event
gained significant national media coverage in Pakistan, attesting to the highlevel of interest and anticipation among
the people of Pakistan regarding Japan’s
cooperation programs in the country.
Subsequently, the procured medical
equipment, generators and school furniture were also delivered, and these items
Japan International Cooperation System Annual Report 2009

are now contributing to the improvement of FATA’s medical and educational
infrastructure.

School pupils receive lessons while using the newdesks and chairs

The new ambulances await allocation to individual
hospitals

15

Part

BurkinaFaso

1 Principal Activities in FY2009

Contributing to the alleviation ofchronic food shortages

JICS’ Major Activities in FY2009[Grant assistance for the food aid project (KR)]
Ninety percent of Burkina Faso’s population is engaged in agriculture. However,since most of this is rain-fed agriculture,
production is highly dependent on
weather conditions and hence subject
to severe fluctuations. Furthermore, inrecent years, climate change and otherfactors have led to severe damage to
production from droughts in someyears and an ongoing situation of foodshortages. In the UNDP Human Development Index published in October 2009,
Burkina Faso was ranked 177th out of
182 countries, and it was reported that39% of the population was affected bychronic malnutrition.
To help remedy this situation, Japanhas provided food aid to the Government of Burkina Faso in FY2000 and eachyear since FY2002. In light of continuing
food shortages, the Japanese government made the decision on April 2,

Rwanda2009, to implement food aid in FY2008.
As a procurement agent for the Burkina
Faso government, JICS was tasked withselecting the company to supply wheat
flour—the food aid item on this occasion—and manage delivery of the aid.
Flour manufactured in the Netherlands
was shipped to Burkina Faso in multiple
shipments commencing in November
2009. Shipment of the entire 12,855 tonsof flour was completed in August 2010.
This aid project was appraised highlyby the Burkina Faso government for
its contribution to food security in the
country. Similar to procurements of rice
carried out for Burkina Faso in the past,a portion of the wheat flour delivered asfood aid on this occasion will be utilized
in responding to emergencies anddisaster situations, and it is planned thatsome will be distributed to local NGOs at
no charge.

Sacks of the Netherlands-produced flour after arrival
in Burkina Faso

Local people sing and dance in front of the flour
warehouse

Fertilizer procurement contributes toincreased food production[Grant assistance for the food security project for underprivileged farmers (2KR)]The Republic of Rwanda is situated near
the center of the African continent, andis said to have the highest population
density of any country in Africa. Agriculture accounts for 80 percent of the totallabor force and a significant proportionof the Rwandan economy. Althoughmost agricultural production comprises
such food crops as grains, potatoes,
beans and bananas, domestic production is insufficient to cover total foodconsumption in Rwanda, necessitating
the importation of food from neighboring countries. Moreover, the annual per
capita available food supply has continued to decline since the end of thecountry’s civil war in July 1994. Although
an increase was recorded in 2006, thelevel of food supply is still far below thatrecorded prior to the civil war in 1990.
From 1983 to 1993, the Japanese
government carried out 2KR (at the timecalled Grant Aid for Increase of Food Production) for Rwanda. After the civil war,

16

Japan recommenced this aid program
to Rwanda in FY2006. In FY2008, Japan
provided 2KR aid through the procurement of fertilizer necessary for the
production of potatoes, one of Rwanda’s
staple foods.
As the procurement agency of theGovernment of Rwanda, JICS carried out
a tender in June 2009, and managed delivery of the fertilizer without any hitches.
The fertilizer arrived at its final destinations between November 2009 andJanuary 2010 and will be sold in the next
planting season. Local farmers reported
that by using the fertilizer they were able
to increase their potato crop yields by
70–80 percent, and that they were very
happy as the aid program had been amajor help in boosting food production.
In addition, in February 2010 an intergovernmental consultative committee
meeting was convened in the Rwandan
capital of Kigali between the Government of Japan and the Government ofJapan International Cooperation System Annual Report 2009

Rwanda. In the capacity of committee
secretariat, JICS undertook preparations
for the meeting and was responsible forcompiling the meeting’s minutes.

Fertilizer essential to potato production

Local farmers harvest potatoes, which are one of
Rwanda’s staple foods

Part

Mexico1 Principal Activities in FY2009

Emergency Assistance for Countermeasures toPrevent the Spread of a New Strain of Influenza
Procurement of infrared thermographies helps
strengthen quarantine measures[Emergency grant aid]
new strain of influenza in Mexico. Under
this assistance program, the Japanese
government provided emergency relief
goods, including 190,000 masks, 3,000
pairs of protective goggles, 3,000 pieces
of disposable surgical clothes, 3,000 pairsof disposable gloves for medical use and1,370 bottles of antiseptic solution forwashing hands. For the second phase of
assistance, the Japanese government decided to provide emergency grant aid toenable Mexico to strengthen medical inspection and quarantine in airports andother key locations within the country.
Based on this decision, on May 3, 2009,JICS entered into a procurement agent
contract with the Mexican Embassy in Japan and subsequently implemented the
procurement procedures and supervised
operations, including the managementof aid grant funds. As a result, the infrared thermographies and related equipment were delivered to the Mexico City
International Airport on May 7.

After all of the items arrived in Mexico,
they have been utilized to prevent thefurther spread of the new influenza
strain.

A doctor using the procured thermography quarantine station

A thermography monitor

Bulgaria

JICS’ Major Activities in FY2009

In late-April 2009, an influenza outbreakoccurred in Mexico caused by a newstrain of the virus. Owing to the rapid
spread of the outbreak around the world,the World Health Organization (WHO)raised the alert level to Phase 5 (humanto-human transmission in at least two
countries, providing a strong signal thata pandemic is imminent).
Faced with these circumstances, on
April 28, the Mexican government madea request to the Japanese government
for assistance related to equipment
necessary for the implementation of
measures to prevent the further spreadof the outbreak. Such measures included
the provision of treatment to people
who have contracted the disease andthe strengthening of medical inspection
and quarantine procedures.
In response, on May 1, 2009, theJapanese government implemented
its first phase of specific assistancemeasures related to the outbreak of a

Follow-up study facilitates the continued use ofaudio equipment[Cultural grant aid]

In Bulgaria, owing to the slow pace oftransition to a market economy after thefall of the socialist regime, the country
faced severe difficulties in adequately
maintaining the facilities and equipment
necessary for cultural activities. The National Palace of Culture (NDK) in the Bulgarian capital of Sophia has 14 concert
halls, and Hall 1 is the largest concert
hall in the Balkan Peninsula. However, as
the audio systems got older, the Bulgarian government made a request to theJapanese government, which responded
by implementing a Cultural grant aid
project in FY2002 for the provision ofaudio equipment to the NDK.
In January 2010, after being commissioned by MOFA, JICS conducted afollow-up study relating to the aforementioned project. As a result, Japan
was able to assist in the upgrading of
NDK’s audio systems, which led to asignificant improvement in the quality ofaudio acoustics in the concert halls. The
new systems have been highly praisedby musicians, and the equipment isbeing used on almost a daily basis. Every
year NDK organizes a “Japanese Culture
Week,” which provides an opportunity
for cultural exchange between the twocountries.
In addition, in response to a reportfrom the NDK audio manager regarding
insufficient speaker volume, the JICS
study team provided advice on methods of adjusting acoustic pressure. The
main services carried out as part of thefollow-up study included assessmentof measures to remedy malfunctioning equipment (supply of spare parts,
dispatch of repair technicians, etc.) andthe preparation of cost estimates for thenecessary repairs and upgrades. The JICS
team always makes efforts to ensure thatJapan International Cooperation System Annual Report 2009

the provided equipment is effectively
utilized by giving advice on the operation and maintenance of the equipment.

The National Palace ofCulture (NDK) in Sophia

A poster for the NDKshow of Japanese rockmusician Kazufumi
Miyazawa’s European
concert tour

17

Part

EtHIoPia

1 Principal Activities in FY2009

Handover ceremony for fertilizer

JICS’ Major Activities in FY2009[Non-project grant aid]
On October 7, 2009, a handover ceremony was held in the east-African countryof Ethiopia for fertilizer (27,800 tons ofurea) procured through FY2008 Nonproject grant aid from Japan.
Non-project grant aid is carried out toassist the counterpart country to implement programs in such areas as economic and social development and poverty reduction. The aid funds are used topurchase materials and equipment fromoverseas. It is called “Non-project grantaid” owing to the fact that the aid is nottied to a specific project (for example,
the construction of a school) at the time
it is approved.
JICS was involved as the procurement
agency for the Ethiopian government,
undertaking such tasks as the appropriate management of aid funds, theselection and contracting of the fertilizer
supplier and supervision of delivery of
the fertilizer.

Sudan

The fertilizer handover ceremony wasattended by the Japanese Ambassador
to Ethiopia, Kinichi Komano; Ministerof Agriculture and Rural Development,
Yacob Yala; General Manager of the Agricultural Inputs Supply Enterprise (AISE),
Mebratu Gebregziabher; and others.
Mr. Mebratu’s speech—given in front of
the warehouse that was filled with bagsof fertilizer stacked high—included an
expression of deep appreciation for theaid from Japan.
The handover ceremony was reported
on Ethiopian television and in the country’s newspapers, generating significant
public interest.

Personnel involved with the aid program watch the
ceremony

Ambassador Komano and Minister Yacob shake hands

Country works to entrench peace through thestrengthening of vocational training programs[Grant aid for conflict prevention and peacebuilding]

Sudan has the largest land area of any
country on the African continent, and its
potential as an agricultural producer is so
great that in the past it has been called
the “breadbasket of Africa.” However,the country still bears major scars fromthe civil war that continued intermittently from the 1950s until January 2005.
Against this backdrop, the international
community is undertaking vigorous aid
efforts to ensure that peace takes root in
Sudan, and Japan is playing a significant
role in this process.
In the city of Juba—the regional capital of Southern Sudan—as the region
recovers, there is increasing demand fortechnically qualified personnel, including
construction workers and automotive
mechanics. However, owing to a lack oftraining available for technicians during
the civil war, there is currently an urgent
need to nurture more workers withtechnical skills.
Since 2006, the Japanese government has implemented the Project for18

Strengthening Basic Skills and Vocational
Training at the Multi-Service Training
Center (MTC) in Juba. To further bolster
and maintain the effectiveness of thisproject, the Sudanese government madea request in July 2008 for assistance in
upgrading facilities and equipment at
the MTC in Juba. In response, the Japanese government made the decisionin June 2009 to implement the Projectfor Improving Facilities and Equipmentof Multi-Service Training Center in Juba
under Grant aid for conflict prevention
and peacebuilding.
On October 2, 2009, JICS signed a
procurement agent agreement with theSouthern Sudan regional government inrelation to this project and commenced
activities after establishing a project
office in Juba. JICS carried out management of the overall project, including: (1)the selection of a construction company
through a competitive tender process
and the conclusion of a contract withthe successful bidder; (2) procurement
Japan International Cooperation System Annual Report 2009of vocational training equipment for the
MTC; and (3) appropriate managementof the funds.

The Multi-Service Training Center (MTC) in Juba

Trainees receive instruction inside the center

Part

Peru

1 Principal Activities in FY2009

All post-earthquake rebuilding works completed[Grant aid for disaster prevention and reconstruction]

Project
SequelJava,Indonesia

the bright and smiling faces of the students were filled with hope. For the ambassador’s visit, the students performed
songs and dances, and school officials
expressed their gratitude for Japan’s assistance. In responding, the ambassador
offered these words of encouragement
to the students, “I would like all of you
to greatly further your learning in this
newly rebuilt school, and I hope that in
the future each of you will contribute toPeru’s development.”
The construction work carried out at
each site was able to overcome many
severe difficulties in the aftermath ofthe disaster thanks to the cooperationof all parties involved in the project. As aresult, in January 2010 all of the rebuilding work and school equipment procurement that had been assigned to JICS wascompleted.

The handover ceremony at Colegio John F. Kennedy

Students at the school gather around a Japanese flag

JICS’ Major Activities in FY2009

The Project for the Reconstruction of the
Area Affected by the Earthquake in the
Region of Ica, carried out by the Japanese government under Grant aid fordisaster prevention and reconstruction,
has been completed. This project was
implemented as part of the Japanese
government’s ODA to assist with thereconstruction of areas badly damagedby the major earthquake that struck the
Ica Region on the southern Pacific coastof Peru on August 15, 2007. Under anagreement signed with the Governmentof Peru, JICS provided procurement
agent services related to the rebuildingof four schools and water supply facilities
and the provision of school equipment.
In October 2009, the Japanese Ambassador to Peru, Shuichiro Megata,conducted an inspection of two of therebuilt schools—Colegio San Antonio dePadua and Colegio John F. Kennedy. The
school at Padua was already in use, andRebuilt schools are highly regarded
by local communities[Grant aid for disaster prevention and reconstruction]

Pungkuran Elementary School immediately after the2006 earthquake

The children use their new desks and chairs withgreat care

A powerful earthquake that struck the coast of central Java in Indonesia on May 27,
2006, caused enormous damage and claimed 5,700 lives.
Among aid programs implemented by the Japanese government in responseto the earthquake damage, JICS acted as procurement agency for a project underGrant aid for disaster prevention and reconstruction relating to the rebuilding of twoelementary schools, seven junior high schools and five district health centers. Approximately one-and-a-half years after the handover of the newly rebuilt schools, a
JICS staff member that had been involved with the execution of the project visited
one of the schools, Pungkuran Elementary School.
After monitoring how clean and well organized the school was, with all of theequipment kept in its appropriate place, the JICS staff member was strongly impressed by the level of determination and efforts to utilize the facilities effectively.
When he spoke to the principal, he heard how Pungkuran Elementary School had
won the provincial school contests at the subdistrict, regency and provincial levels.
At the national school contest, the school represented its province and was the fifthplaced school nationally. In June 2009, the school received a commendation from
the Ministry of National Education of Indonesia.
In Indonesia, even for children who want to enter a public elementary or juniorhigh school, pupils do not automatically attend the school closest to where they live.
Instead, they choose a school based on such factors as its facilities and the reputation of its teachers, and must then take a scholastic ability test to gain entry to theschool. The school rebuilt through this aid project was constructed using an earthquake-resistant design, hence it is regarded highly by people in the local community, which sustained significant damage in the 2006 earthquake. The other schools
rebuilt as part of the project have also seen an increase in the number of applicantsfor enrollment. The JICS staff member felt particularly glad that the schools appeared
to have entered a positive cycle whereby the high-quality facilities are attracting
students and this in turn is helping to bolster academic achievement.
Japan International Cooperation System Annual Report 2009

19

Part

1 Principal Activities in FY2009

Procurement Support to Meeta Diverse Array of Needs

JICS’ Major Activities in FY2009[Technical cooperation]

Since FY2004, JICA has adopted a policyof promoting the procurement of equipment locally, which is necessary forthe technical cooperation projects it
carries out. In line with this policy, JICS
dispatches procurement support personnel to JICA’s overseas offices to assist
in strengthening their procurement
systems.
In FY2009, JICS dispatched procurement support personnel to a total of 14
countries. To meet the particular needsof each JICA overseas office, JICS staff
provided such services as seminars on
local procurement, advice on putting inplace a procedural system for procuring consultant services, practical training programs for local JICA employees
involved in procurement and support forthe preparation of procurement manuals
formats and lists of qualified suppliers.
At a seminar in Uzbekistan conducted
by JICS staff, after the instructors used arole-playing exercise based on the way

an actual tender would be carried out,
participants commented that it was auseful exercise as it enabled them tovisualize a real-life tender situation.
In the Dominican Republic, to facilitatereconstruction support following thedevastating earthquake in neighboring
Haiti in January 2010, JICS carried out
domestic-market studies to prepare forthird-country procurement as a Caribbean regional office.
In addition, JICS provides a range ofother support to meet needs relating totechnical cooperation, including lectureson procurement for experts and procurement staff prior to their dispatch by JICA
to work on technical cooperation projects overseas. JICS also provides information relating to equipment procurement(delivery times, prices, specifications, etc.)
through its Help Desk for Equipment
Procurement.

Participants in Uzbekistan with their seminar-completion certificates

A JICS staff member gives a lecture as part of predispatch training

JICS Dispatches Lecturer to Give Seminars
in Morocco and Tunisia[Loan aid (ODA loan)]

On December 8 and 10, 2009, JICA held
seminars on procurement in Morocco
and Tunisia, respectively, for counterpart
agencies in those countries involved in
the implementation of loan aid (ODA
loan) programs with Japan.
The seminars were held for the
purpose of explaining revisions to the
ODA loan program guidelines and thehandbook used in the program’s execution. These changes stemmed from themerger between JICA and the overseas
economic cooperation section of theJapan Bank for International Cooperation(JBIC) in October 2008.
JICS is commissioned by JICA to
conduct screening of documentation
relating to tenders and contracts prepared by the counterpart country’s ODA
loan-executing agency to confirm thatthe documentation complies with the
ODA loan program guidelines. As part of20

these operations, JICS dispatched a staff
member to act as the lecturer for theseseminars.
In the seminars, the lecturer provided
an analysis and summary of potential
problems she perceives based on her
previous experience of projects carriedout with Morocco and Tunisia. Using
actual case examples, she explained thepoints that require particular attention
when preparing tender documents. In
both Morocco and Tunisia, the large
number of working-level staff from the
project-executing agencies participatingin the seminars served to highlight thesignificant interest in the seminars.
In addition to the seminars for project-executing agencies, the JICS staff
member also provided briefings to JICA
personnel in the Morocco Office andTunisia Office responsible for ODA loan
programs. In the future, JICS is commit-

Japan International Cooperation System Annual Report 2009

ted to supporting measures to promote
understanding of procurement procedures related to ODA loans.

The seminar in MoroccoPart

1 Principal Activities in FY2009

Projects Commissioned
by International Agencies and Organizations
Preparing for pandemics caused by new influenza strains

operations with the WHO and relevant
authorities in each ASEAN country. As
a result, to date JICS has carried out
the procurement of anti-influenza virus
drugs sufficient to treat one million
people and personal protective equipment for 700,000 people. JICS has also
provided a range of services, including
the arrangement of warehouses for thestockpiling of the procured goods andmanagement of the stockpiles.
In addition, to reinforce preparations
against the pandemic of a new strain of
influenza, the Japanese government has
decided to implement a similar projecton an even broader scale encompassing non-ASEAN neighboring countries.
Based on this goal, the Asia-Europe Foundation (ASEF) established a fund totaling
approximately ¥3.2 billion through a contribution from the Japanese government.
A project is now being executed utilizing
a portion of this fund. JICS concluded
an implementation-agency contract forthis project with ASEF on May 18, 2009,and is coordinating its activities with

Working to bolster logistics efficiency
in the ASEAN region
The ASEAN region has been serving not
only as the “world factory” but also as amajor market with a population of overthree hundred million. Accordingly, its
economic weight and expectations are
assumed to be increased. The ASEAN
countries have made various efforts toform an ASEAN Community by 2020.
For the ASEAN region to better function as a globally competitive place for
production and to further develop as
an attractive market, it is necessary to
improve mobilization and effectuation of
the commodity distribution that supports production and market activities,
especially cross-border transport within
the region.
The improvement of intra-regionalcross-border logistics is consistent withthe objectives of the JAIF, which wasestablished with a contribution from theJapanese government to assist ASEAN
integration. In line with this, a portion of
the JAIF is being utilized in “Japan’sa large number of relevant organizations. While paying particular attention
to competitiveness and transparency,
JICS has been performing procurement
services based on the specifications andquantities determined for anti-viral drugs
and personal protective equipment incooperation with the WHO.

A tender opening for personal protective equipment

JICS’ Major Activities in FY2009

Since FY2006, a project to support
countermeasures against new strains ofinfluenza in the ASEAN region has been
carried out utilizing a portion of theJapan-ASEAN Integration Fund (JAIF),
which was established through a contribution from the Japanese government.
This project has focused on the procurement of anti-influenza virus drugs andpersonal protective equipment and the
management of stockpiles of such goodsin Singapore in preparation for scenarios
involving the rapid spread of a new strain
of influenza through human-to-humaninfection. The objective of the project is
to contain the spread of new influenza
strains to the minimum possible byquickly distributing the stockpiled goods
to the target country when infection isregarded as a pandemic influenza by
the WHO.
JICS concluded an implementationagency contract for this project with theASEAN Secretariat—the project’s executing agency—in April 2006, and sincethen JICS has been coordinating its(Support for countermeasuresagainst new strains of influenza)

Personal protective equipment after arrival at awarehouse(“Japan’s program for improving efficiency of logistic and distribution ofthe ‘East-West Economic Corridor’ and the ‘Southern Economic Corridor’”)program for improving efficiency oflogistic and distribution of the ‘East-West
Economic Corridor’ and the ‘Southern
Economic Corridor,’” which was launched
in June 2009. The program includes Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam.
The program comprises four projects:(1) the improvement of customs clearance and other customs functions; (2) theestablishment of freight transfer terminals; (3) the establishment of model areas(roadside stations); and (4) human resource development in the logistics field.
JICS and the Japan International
Cooperation Center (JICE) have formed
a consortium through which they arecarrying out operations related to thisprogram. Utilizing their respective
strengths, JICS is responsible for procurement related to hard aspects, equipment
and facilities necessary for the program’s
execution, while JICE is tasked with providing services relating to its expertise insoft aspects.
Japan International Cooperation System Annual Report 2009

Construction site for a roadside station in Laos

Workers building a roadside station

21

Part

1 Principal Activities in FY2009

JICS Recent Events
JICS 20th Anniversary in April 2009

Participation in International Cooperation Events

JICS marked the 20th anniversary of
its establishment on April 12, 2009. To
commemorate two decades of JICS’progress and achievements, we published a booklet in Japanese entitled
JICS’ 20-Year Journey. We also published a DVD in Japanese that provides an overview of JICS’ operations,with the aim of raising the profile of
JICS among the Japanese public.

During FY2009, JICS participated in Global Festa JAPAN 2009
held at Hibiya Park in Tokyo on October 3 and 4, 2009, and in
the One World Festival held at the Osaka International House
Foundation on February 6 and 7, 2010.
In its booth at Global Festa JAPAN 2009, JICS displayed
panels showing its organizational structure, procurement operations, “Grant aid for community empowerment” and “Grant
aid for disaster prevention and reconstruction.” The booth alsopresented six “JICS Staff Works Introduction Meetings,” where
staff gave explanations of the works they are responsible for
at JICS.
At the One World Festival, JICS participated as one member of the Joint ODA Booth together with MOFA, JICA andother organizations involved with ODA. This year marked thethird time the organizations presented a Joint ODA Booth.
This year’s booth featured an“Africa Aid Tour,” introducing
the Africa support activities ofeach organization.

JICS’ 20-Year Journey

JICS Recent EventsFirst Meetings of the Board of Trustees
and the Board of Directors for FY2009
The first regular meetings of the Board of Trustees and theBoard of Directors for FY2009 were held on June 17, 2009, at
Arcadia Ichigaya in Tokyo.
At the meeting of the Board of Trustees, which took place inthe morning, the following four points were discussed and approved: (1) selection of the Chairperson and Vice Chairpersonof the Board of Trustees; (2) operations report for FY2008; (3)financial statements and audit report for FY2008; and (4) selection of members of the Board of Directors. With this approval,
Ms. Yoriko Meguro and Mr. Masahiro Murakami assumed officeas Chairperson and Vice Chairperson of the Board of Trustees.
In the afternoon, the Board of Directors discussed andapproved the above-mentioned points (2) and (3) and theselection of members of the Board of Trustees.

A JICS staff member explaining his work at a “JICS Staff
Works Introduction Meeting”
at Global Festa JAPAN 2009

A JICS staff member presenting the “Africa Aid Tour”
at the One World Festival
Joint ODA Booth

Reports and Exchange of Views on the NGO
Support Activities of JICS



Meeting of the Board of Trustees

New member of the Board of Directors���� Mr. Hirohide Kamikawa Executive Officer and Regional Manager, Tokyo & Eastern Japan, Japan Airlines
International Co., Ltd.

New Auditor��������������������������������������������������������������������������Mr. Ryuichi Nakai Director, Economic Cooperation Division, The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd.

New Member of the Board of Trustees���Mr. Kenichi Yanagisawa Managing Director, General Affairs Department, The Japan Foundation

22

A meeting for reports and exchange of views on the NGO
support activities of JICS was held on September 15, 2009.
The meeting was attended by eight of the organizations thatreceived support in FY2007.
In the meeting, each NGO reported on the contents andresults of its activities implemented with JICS support. Experts,
examiners and other participants asked questions and madecomments about feedback.
The second half of themeeting featured a lively
exchange of opinions regarding the issues facing eachorganization, areas where
they are having administrative
difficulties and other topics,
with introductions of theirrespective approaches.
Report by an NGO

Japan International Cooperation System Annual Report 2009

receiving JICS support

Part

1 Principal Activities in FY2009

JICS Trustee Shunichi Hiraki Leads Research
Delegation to Guatemala

JICS Employment Explanation Meetings
JICS held employment explanation meetings for job candidates on February 17, 2010, and March 3, 2010.
The meetings presented an outline of JICS’ organization andprojects using an introduction video, followed by presentations by young JICS staff members about what they havelearned through their jobs and responsibilities.
The second half of the meetings included a corner for dialogue between participants and JICS employees for questions
and answers regarding the organization and its projects, theways in which employees find their jobs to be satisfying andthe mental preparations required for conducting job-hunting
activities.
The impressions
received from participants included
such comments as “Icame to understandmore specificallythe flow of procurement, whichis the main activity
Participants eagerly listening to the explanations ofof JICS”; “I came to
JICS staff
clearly understandthe role of JICS in the ODA structure;” and “I gained a moredefinite desire to work for JICS by speaking directly with staff.”

Then-President Takahisa Sasaki Conducts Field
Inspections in Singapore and Cambodia

Second Meetings of the Board of Trustees and theBoard of Directors for FY2009

Mr. Takahisa Sasaki, who was then serving as the President of
JICS, traveled to Singapore and Cambodia for six days from
December 14, 2009, for field inspections of projects, and to
exchange opinionswith concernedorganizations.
In Singapore, heinspected a storage
warehouse and other facilities related to
the Project for Stockpiling of Anti-viralDrugs and Personal
Then-President Sasaki receiving an explanation
Protective Equipmentfrom CMAC Director General Heng Ratana.
for Rapid Contain-

The second regular meetings of the Board of Trustees and theBoard of Directors for FY2009 were held at the JICS conference
room on March 18, 2010.
At the meeting of the Board of Trustees, which took placein the morning, the following points were discussed and approved: (1) FY2009 operation planning and revised budget; (2)FY2010 project policy and planning; and (3) FY2010 budget. In
the afternoon, the Board of Directors discussed and approved
the above-mentioned points (1) ~ (3).
The lunch break between the Board of Trustees and Boardof Directors meetings included the showing of a DVD produced to introduce JICS’ organization and projects in aneasy-to-understand manner, and a report by Board of Trustees
member Shunichi Hiraki on the JICS project assessment investigation on reconstruction aid to Guatemala.

Japan International Cooperation System Annual Report 2009JICS Recent Events

In November 2009, JICS
dispatched a research delegation chaired by Board ofTrustees member Shunichi
Hiraki to Guatemala for the
self-assessment of the procurement operations process
in the “Grant aid for disasterprevention and reconstrucTrustee Shunichi Hiraki (center) inspects tion” Project for Support forreconstructed irrigation facilities
Reconstruction Efforts after
the Hurricane Stan Disaster.
JICS was responsible for the procurement operations.
Under this project, irrigation facilities, bridges and waterworks facilities damaged in the large-scale hurricane Stan,
which struck Guatemala in October 2005, were reconstructedin the affected area. For this project, as the procurement
agency of the Government of Guatemala, JICS managed
funds, conducted an international competitive bidding for theselection of construction companies, concluded contracts andimplemented progress management.
The research delegation inspected the facilities rebuilt
through this project. The delegation also visited the Department of Irrigation and Drainage in the Ministry of Agriculture,
Livestock and Food (MAGA), irrigation associations, theDepartment of Roads in the Ministry of Communications, Infrastructure and Housing and the Quetzaltenango City Water
Authority. The delegation exchanged opinions with the Mayorof Quetzaltenango City.
The delegation also conducted interviews with personnel
from contractors who were responsible for carrying out thefacilities’ construction projects. They asked about the implementation of JICS operations in this project. One contractor
said “When we bid on a bridge reconstruction project, wewere disqualified because we did not meet the bid requirements. But seeing the fair, transparent and resolute JICS bidding process, we felt that we really wanted to work with thiskind of partner, so we also participated in the bidding for thewater supply project.”ment of Pandemic Influenza under JTF2 at ASEF (FY2007), andexchanged opinions with local concerned parties.
In Cambodia, then-President Sasaki inspected a site of the“Grant aid for conflict prevention and peacebuilding” Programfor Integrated Mine Clearance and Landmine Victim Assistance. At the mine clearance site located 320 km northwestof the Cambodian capital Phnom Penh, then-President Sasaki
received an explanation of the project from Mr. Heng Ratana,
Director General of the Cambodian Mine Action Centre(CMAC). He observed such operations as mine clearance bypeople, mine detection dogs and mine removal equipment,
training of mine clearance personnel, and training of mine
detection dogs. Then-President Sasaki also had an opportunity
to exchange opinions with CMAC staff.

23

Part

1 Principal Activities in FY2009

Social Activities of JICS
Operation of Technical Information Center for
Medical Equipment
As part of follow-up activities, JICS has established the Technical Information Center for Medical Equipment. This center
provides information concerning medical facilities and equipment manufactured in Japan and provided under prior Japanese grant aid. The center provides technological information
concerning equipment operating methods and maintenance,
information on the purchase of spare parts and other information in response to inquiries from staff at local medical institutions.
The center was established on February 1, 1999, with theendorsement of MOFA and JICA. It conducts activities with cooperation from Overseas Medical Equipment Technical Assistants (OMETA) and other concerned organizations. In FY2009,
the center received 15 inquiries, and provided information as
required in response to their respective needs.

Social Activities of JICS

The NGO Support Activities of JICS
JICS began its NGO Support Activities to celebrate its 10th
anniversary in FY1999, and has continued implementing these
activities each year. The NGO Support Activities contributeto “advancing still higher quality international cooperation,”
which is one of the goals of JICS. This program provides funds
assistance to small and medium-size Japanese NGOs conducting activities in developing nations, toward the developmentof international cooperation implemented in unison by the
public and private sector.
A total of 25 organizations applied for assistance in FY2009,
out of which 11 organizations were selected to receive support amounting to ¥10.2 million. Many of the applications
were from newly formed organizations, and from groups seeking funds to strengthen their organizational foundations.
P NGOs Supported by JICS in FY2009
Name of NGO

Country

Amani Ya Africa

Kenya

AMURT (Ananda
Marga Universal
Relief Team) Japan

Niger

ACE (Action against
Child Exploitation)

India,
Ghana,
etc.

Support Description

AmountGranted (yen)Equipment and materials purchase and transport expenses;
project operation expenses; NGO 1,000,000
operation expenses
Equipment and materials purchase and transport expenses;
910,620
project operation expenses
Funds for strengthening thefoundations of the NGO

994,700

Equipment and materials purchase expenses; project operation expenses; NGO operation
1,000,000
expenses; funds for strengthening the foundations of the NGOJapan
Project operation expenses
1,000,000
Equipment and materials purMyanmar, chase and transport expenses;
720,700
etc.
project operation expenses; NGO
operation expenses

Okinawa NGO Center Japan
Kansai NGO Council
Japan InfrastructurePartners

Study Tour for
Alternative Relations Japan(STAR)
Salt Payatas Founda- Philiption
pines

Project operation expenses; NGO 1,000,000
operation expenses

Funds for strengthening thefoundations of the NGO
Equipment
and materials purChernobyl Medical
Ukraine chase and transport expenses;
Support Network
project operation expenses
Japan-Cambodia In- Cambodia Equipment and materials purteractive Association
chase and transport expenses
Free The Children
PhilipFunds for strengthening theJapanpines, etc. foundations of the NGO

24

1,000,000
1,000,000
600,000
1,000,000

School Groups Visit JICS
JICS receives school groups to deepen understanding of ODA
and JICS activities among a wider public.
In FY2009, students from the Matsushima Town (Miyagi
Prefecture) Municipal Junior High School visited JICS on May
12, and students from the Nagoya City Municipal Hojin JuniorHigh School visited JICS on June 2 as part of their educationalclass trips. They received explanations from JICS staff about
the goals and arrangements of the Japanese government’s
ODA, and the role of JICS.
Also, in February 2010 a JICS staff member was invited as aguest lecturer to aninternational relations class for 8th
graders at the juniorhigh school that isaffiliated with Japan
Women’s University,and spoke about
relations between
Afghanistan andJapan.

JICS Initiates Project Support Programon a Trial Basis
JICS has initiated a project support program on a trial basis
since FY2009, in commemoration of JICS’ 20th anniversary in
April 2009. As one activity toward the JICS goal of “advancing
still higher quality international cooperation,” this program
presents memorial gifts to facilities constructed by projects forwhich JICS served as the procurement agency, and to institutions where equipment and materials were supplied. The
memorial gifts are given to help promote the future activities of the recipient facilities and organizations. The gifts are
determined based on the requests of the facilities and organizations. They are purchased and delivered using JICS’ own
financial resources. JICS now aims at more effective support
through cooperation with donation activities and other social
contribution activities by private-sector companies and otherbodies, while seeking ties with NGOs conducting aid activities
in developing countries.
In FY2009, the project support program was implemented
in Senegal, Niger, Madagascar, Bolivia and Lesotho, where JICS
conducted procurement agency works for “Grant aid for community empowerment” projects.
P FY2009 Project Support Program Results
Project Name
Gift Items
Senegal: Project for Construction ofClassrooms for Elementary Schools
and Junior High Schools
Niger: Project for Construction ofClassrooms for Elementary Schools
in the Regions of Maradi and Zinder
Madagascar: Project for Construction of Classrooms for Elementary
Schools in the Regions of Antsiranana and Toliara
Bolivia: Project for Construction of
Educational Infrastructures in the
Municipalities of Potosi and Sucre

Senegal maps, world maps
World maps, teachers’ ruler sets (1 mrulers, 60 cm triangles, 30 cm protractors
and 30 cm compasses)
Loudspeaker, batteries

GlobesBlackboard compasses, blackboard rulers,
Lesotho: Project for the Construction blackboard triangles, protractors, globes,
of Secondary Schools
world maps, netballs, air pumps, ballstands, soccer balls, volleyballs

Japan International Cooperation System Annual Report 2009