Miniature Daniell Cell
Basic Daniell cell set DH-B Cat.No. B10-2014-W0
andFull Daniell cell set DH-F Cat.No. B10-2014-X0

2020/04

Cautions➢Wear safety glasses and safety gloves when you do experiments with this product.

➢

Do not conduct experiments with this product without your teacher.

➢Instruct the experiment procedure before beginning the experiment.

➢

Be careful about chemicals, not to get them in your face to your hands or clothes. If that
happens clean the affected area with water as soon as possible.

➢Wash hands and face as soon as possible when chemicals attach to hands and face.

➢Read and follow Safety Data Sheet (SDS) of Copper sulfate and Zinc sulfate for student’s
safety before conducting experiments.

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Introduction
Purpose of the Product
The purpose of this product is to conduct chemical battery experiments with minimum chemicals.
Positive electrode cell and negative electrode cell are made separately and by their contact witheach other electromotive force is created by the chemical reaction thus becoming electric battery.
The waste fluid is minimized after the experiment and waste treatment time can be saved.

Information about Daniell Cell
Before Daniell cell was invented, Voltaic cell was common. However, Voltaic cell had short life
because hydrogen as an inhibitor occurs between Zinc and Copper. Daniell cell was invented tomake a longer life than Voltaic cell. In 1836, J. F. Daniell invented the chemical cell which is called
after him Daniell Cell. The cell has the following structure:(-) Zn l

ZnSO4aql

CuSO4aq l

Cu (+)

Chemical reaction equation is shown Zn＋CuSO4→Cu＋ZnSO4. Theoretical electromotive force is1.07V when the concentration of each electrolytic solution is the same. Therefore, the reaction issame as a reaction between Zinc metal and Copper sulfate solution which produces Copper metalon the surface of Zinc metal. Daniell cell uses a porous plate (biscuit firing) as a separator between
Zinc metal within Zinc sulfate solution and Copper metal within Copper sulfate solution. This is a big
difference between Voltaic cell and Daniell cell. The separator inhibits Zinc metal and Copper ion
from direct contact; therefore its chemical reaction is controlled. When both electrodes areconnected with each other by lead wire, electron starts to move from one electrode to anotherelectrode, and the chemical reaction starts. Therefore, Zinc ionization and dissolution occur in its
own solution, precipitation reaction of Copper in its own solution. Finally, Daniell cell is completed.
Chemical reaction at each electrode of Daniell cell is as follows:

Negative electrode: Zn → Zn2+ + 2ePositive electrode: Cu2+ + 2e- → Cu
In the reaction, Zn ion is increased at the negative electrode and Copper ion is decreased at thepositive electrode. When the two kinds of electrolyte solution are completely separated, thechemical reaction stops. That is the reason that Daniell cell needs porous plate that allows ion
transfer to the other side. This product uses a semipermeable membrane instead of the traditional
porous plate in order to make a Daniell cell very small.

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Components
B10-2014-W0-W0 Miniature Basic Daniell Cell set DH-B
① Carrying case②② Drop bottle 10mL 4 pcs③ Paper filter 60 × 90mm 25 pcs⑥①④ Cellophane 50 × 50mm 40 pcs⑦⑤ Screw for electrode 37mm 6 pcs⑥ Cork plug with a hole 6 pcs⑩⑦ Plastic cylinder 4 pcs⑧⑤③④⑧ Rubber ring 6 pcs⑨ Metal plate 10 × 10 × 1mm(5 pcs each of Cu, Zn, Fe, Al）⑩ Organizer case 103 × 73 ×⑨23mm* Chemical solutions are notincluded.

B10-2014-X0 Miniature Full Daniell Cell set DH-F
① Carrying case②①② Drop bottle 10mL 4 pcs③ Paper filter 60 × 90mm 25 pcs⑥⑪④ Cellophane 50 × 50mm 40 pcs⑦⑤ Screw for electrode 37mm 6 pcs⑥ Cork plug with a hole 6 pcs⑩⑫⑦ Plastic cylinder 4 pcs⑧ Rubber ring 6 pcs⑤③⑬⑧⑨ Metal plate 10 × 10 × 1mm(5 pcs each of Cu, Zn, Fe, Al）④⑨⑪ Organizer case 103 × 73 ×23mm⑪ Propeller motor 1 unit
(1.5 – 12V, 10 – 21mA）⑫ Electric melody 1 unit (1.2 – 3.6V, 0.15 – 0.3mA)⑬ 1 pcs each of lead wire with clips Red & Black* Chemical solutions are not included.

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How to Use
1-1. Make an electrode unit following the figure below.

Check This Movie!!
(in Japanese)

Precautions:
Do not push the electrode screw into a cork plug by using too much force. In case of difficulties
inserting the electrode screw into the hole of the cork plug, please rotate the screw slowly and push
into the hole. Make sure to insert the electrode screw like on the figure above, with the slimmer partof the cork on top.
1-2. Put a cellophane on top of a plastic cylinder (see fig. below) with the rim for Rubber ring on top.
You can put Cellophane any side you want. Cellophane may curl because of humidity or sweat on
your hands, but this has no effect on its function.

1-3. Put a Rubber ring on the cellophane film and overwrap the film to the plastic cylinder with theRubber ring (see fig. below). In this step, please be careful not to tear the film. We will call this part aContainer. You need to make two containers.

51-4. Put two containers on a table upside down (see fig. below). Then, cut out from the paper filter
enclosed 2 square (or hexagonal) pieces with size 15 x 15mm. After that insert the two pieces ofpaper into each container (see fig. below).

Tips: Suitable size of paper filter to put inside the container is 15mm x 15mm because the innerdiameter of container is 17mm. And you can use tweezer to put the paper inside easily.
1-5. Drop two drops of chemical solution from the dropper bottle onto the paper filter of thecontainer (see fig. below). One drop of chemicals solution is not enough volume to make a good
contact of metal and electrode. And three drops of chemical solution might be too much.
You need to prepare Zinc sulfate solution and Copper sulfate solution beforehand as it is notincluded. Recommended concentration of Zinc sulfate solution is 7% and the recommended
concentration of Copper sulfate solution is 14%. Please use the drop bottles included for thesolutions.
1-6. Put metal plate on the paper filter in the container (see fig. below). Put zinc metal plate incontainer with zinc sulfate solution, and copper metal plate in container with copper sulfate solution.

1-7. Assemble the electrode units and the containers together to make two reactors. Make sure thatthe electrode unit and the metal plates in the container are connected with each other. Daniell cell
will not work if the metal plates are not connected with each other.

61-8. Attach the electrodes of the reactors by the clips of the lead wires. If you use the propeller
motor, connect the reactors to the propeller motor. Tips for using the propeller motor, bent its
terminals 90 degrees to make it stable on the table (see fig. below).

1-9. Connect the surfaces of the reactors with each other, so that the cellophane surfaces arecompletely in contact with each other and electricity will be generated (see fig. below). Daniell cell iscomplete. You can measure current and voltage using an ammeter or a voltmeter. Also if thepropeller motor or electric melody is connected to Daniel cell, the propeller motor or electric melody
will work.
Tips, if the propeller motor is not stable on the table, work in pairs, so that one person hold thepropeller in their hands and the other person holds the Daniell cell connected together.

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Clean up After Experiments
Disassemble the reactors completely after the experiments and separate all the parts, especiallymetal parts, paper filters and cellophanes.
⚫ Wash and clean the plastic cylinders and the rubber rings, the electrodes by water if somesolution got on it and dry them afterwards.
⚫ Wash and dry the metal parts.
⚫ Dispose the paper filters with chemicals after drying them.
⚫ Dispose the cellophane after drying it too. If you want to re-use it, it can be done, just wash anddry it.
If you will be reusing the metal parts because the surface of the metal most likely has stains oroxidized by chemical reaction in the reactor, you should polish the metal parts surface by sandpaper(not included).

Storage
Please store this product and its parts away from direct sunlight, high temperature and highhumidity. Especially, cellophane is particularly vulnerable to humidity, therefore we recommend
storing it properly and use all of it soon. Chemical solutions should be removed from the bottle andthe bottle should be washed and dried.
Precaution:
We do not recommend to store the solutions in the drop bottles as the water in the solution will
evaporate eventually and the solution will solidify in the bottom of the bottle, cap or nozzle.

Troubleshooting
When Daniell cell does not generate electricity...
* Check if there is contact between the electrode and the metal in the reactor.
* Check if the paper filter inside the reactor is wet enough with chemical solution. If not, add one ortwo drops of chemical solution from the respective dropper.
* Check the condition of the surface of the metal plate inside the reactor whether the metal has
stains or oxidized. If that is the case, change the metal plate or clean it from stain or oxidation bysandpaper.

Additional Information
It is possible to change metal combination from Copper and Zincto Copper and Aluminium, and others that are enclosed in theset. For more investigation of Daniell cell or other battery types,
Miniature DC Voltmeter is useful item to compare these
combination of metal regarding electricity (electromotive force).

A05-7065-W0 DC Voltmeter “Crabee” CT-V
Measurement: ±25.0V
Size: 53 x 21 x 15mm (280mm with lead wire)8

Replacement items
Metal Plate
Copper Plate

F35-8101-W1

Zinc Plate

F35-8101-W2

Aluminum Plate

F35-8101-W3

Iron Plate

F35-8101-w4

100 pcs/set

10 x 10 x 1mm

Drop Bottle

S75-1140-Y6

12 bottles/set

12mL

Cellophane file

B10-2014-W1

40 pcs/set

50 x 50mm
You need to make a hole withCork Plug

S75-3100-W6

10 pcs/set

diameter 3.5mm in the cork plugby yourself.

O RingP70-2465-X8

10 pcs/set

Paper filter

Any common paper filter can be useful.

Motor

P70-2653-W0

1 unitPropeller

P70-3937-W0

10 pcs/set

Electric Melody

P70-3934-W1

1 unitLead wire with clips

B10-6503-W0

10 pair/set

www.narika.jp

9300mm, Red and Black