13
A Craniofacial and Postcranial Survey of North and South American Inhabitantsfrom the Perspective of Possible Old World Ancestors
Noriko Seguchi and Conrad B. Quintyn3
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This study aims to shed light on early migration to the Americas and the population history of inhabitantsin the Americas, and evolutionary trends in climatic adaptation using skeletal remains from the American
continents, with geographically diverse skeletal samples from East Asia including the Japanese archipelago,
Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, Oceania, Africa, and Europe. Cluster analysis (the neighborjoining method) was applied based on biological distances generated by R matrices from craniofacial
metric data in order to explore migration to the Americas and investigate population history and structure.
We also explored climatic adaptation using body proportions and an index generated from postcranial
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Japan display craniofacial similarity to Paleoindian/Paleoamericans and Archaic Americans. Moreover,
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inhabitants of the northeastern and the northeastern coast of Asia, with some moving to the JapaneseArchipelago and others moving to the New World as “the initial settlers" and they might be biologicallyrelated to some of the New World inhabitants.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo enfocar la migración temprana a las Américas y la historia de sus
habitantes, además de las tendencias evolutivas en la adaptación climática, utilizando restos esqueléticos de
ORVFRQWLQHQWHVDPHULFDQRVFRQPXHVWUDVHVTXHOpWLFDVJHRJUi¿FDPHQWHGLYHUVDVGHOHVWHGH$VLDLQFOXLGRel archipiélago japonés, noreste asiatico, sudeste asiático, Australia, Oceanía, África y Europa. Se aplicó
el análisis de conglomerados (el método de unión de vecinos) basado en distancias biológicas generadas
por matrices R a partir de datos métricos craneofaciales para explorar la migración a las Américas einvestigar la historia y estructura de la población. También exploramos la adaptación climática utilizando
proporciones corporales y un índice generado a partir de mediciones poscraneales mediante análisis de
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141

una similitud craneofacial con los paleoindios / paleoamericanos y los pobladores americanos arcaicos.
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relativamente "más amplia" como adaptación derivada del frío. Todos los resultados sugieren que los
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y podrían ser biológicamente relacionado con algunos de los habitantes del Nuevo Mundo.

Introduction

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postcranial data

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Methods: Craniofacial and postcranial analysis

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ratios, body mass, and principal components analysis

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Results
Methods: Postcranial metric analysis

144

Craniofacial perspective

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Craniometric analysis: Prehistoric East Asian samples,

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including the Paleoamerican of Lagoa Santa and Archaic

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New World series.

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sample from Contra Costa county in San Francisco Bay
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Postcranial perspective

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145

Figure 13.2.
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Figure 13.3.
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Boxplots of Z scores of all regional variation in brachial index, crural index, the ratio of FHB to FemL, the ratio of FHB
to lower limb length, and body mass. Upper and lower margin of boxplots represent the 75th and 25th percentiles. The
median is the line bisecting the box. Populations are presented in Table 3: From left (north: higher latitude) to right (south:
lower latitude).
Figure 13.4a.

Figure 13.4b.

147

Figure 13.4c.

Figure 13.4d.

148

Figure 13.4e.

Figure 13.5.
Principal components plot of limb proportions, body proportions, and body mass.

149

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Discussion and conclusions

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Results of R-matrix-Relethford-Blangero analysis

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References Cited$UFKDLFSHRSOHDQGWKH&DQDGLDQ86ERUGHU1DWLYHVLQWKH

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from postcranial proportions and indices, and latitude,$XHUEDFK%0  +XPDQVNHOHWDOYDULDWLRQLQWKH

minimum and maximum temperatures indicate some

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