Yokohama National University

Environmental Report 2009

Digest Version

Basic Philosophy (University’s Charter)In the spirit that has been cultivated amidst Yokohama National University’s history since its founding, the university declares that it
will make every effort to build a strong footing in academic research and education in the world of the 21st Century by attachingimportance to the concerns of the realities of society (Responding to the Need of Society), actively promoting new endeavors(Challenging and Daring), widely opening its door to the whole of society (Open and Outgoing), and promoting exchange withnations overseas (International). YNU has decided on the following matters as its long-term goals in order to realize this idea.

Responding to the Needof Society

Challenging & Daring
YNU will play a leading role in the intellectual
development of mankind by producing cutting-edge
research results through collaborating with domestic
and international researchers. The university will
work towards providing effective management, anddevelop a flexible organization that supports freethought and new approaches in contributing to
education, research, and society.

This goal is to cultivate creative problem solving
abilities with flexibility that respond to the changing
of the times by assessing the true nature of various
problems. YNU will contribute to society’s welfare
and development based on the results of education
and research by focusing on scholarship thatrevolves around actual society.

Yokohama National University
Along with fostering human resources that
understand different cultures and have thecommunication ability to be active on the word stage,
YNU promotes the acceptance and dispatching ofinternational students and researchers and plans to
expand exchange with various countries througheducation and research.

YNU practices education and research that makes acontribution to solving the issues of civil society,regions, the business community, the nation, andvarious countries. YNU aims to support students andfaculty members in their participation within society,and strives to be a university that is open to society
in all aspects of education, research, andmanagement.

Open & Outgoing

International

Yokohama National University, which makes it a principle to do the above, will develop a highly transparent organization andoperating system, and university reform with even more character in the cycle of planning, practice and evaluation. Furthermore,
despite the university’s urban location, all the students and faculty members assembled at YNU enjoy a campus overflowing
with striking greenery, and, while maintaining this blessed environment, they aspire to practice a physically and mentally
healthy university lifestyle.
April 1, 2004
Yokohama National University

The Greenery of Tokiwadai Campus
Tokiwadai Campus is known for its abundant greenery. After integration and relocation in the 1970’s, land development was limited toa minimum level, and a plan was put into practice in which as many trees were left as possible and new ones were planted. Seedlings
were planted under the principle of “native forests by native trees,” and along with the trees that existed before the relocation, havegiven shape to the forests of today.
The changing face of two 50 cm tall seedlings planted per square meter near the main gate
Native Forests by Native Trees
If one doesn’t consider native vegetation when planting a beautiful
forest, regular maintenance is necessary to make sure it doesn’t waste
away. Conversely, “true forests” that are a reincarnation of the treesthat originally grew in an area only need to be cared for two to three
years after planting, and will continue growing naturally afterwards.

1975

1981

2007

The current campus
A campus with abundant greenery(Green areas comprise approximately 44% of thegrounds)

Forest remaining frombefore relocation

The golf course before 1968

Forest remaining frombefore relocation
In 1979, after relocation

Campus greenery contributes to the environment of the campus and surrounding area
Carbon dioxide fixing
移転前からの残存林

1

Temperature regulation

Disaster prevention

Rare habitat

Special Features

ＹＮＵ

１. Student Environmental Activities– “Live the Life”
Life” “ Yokohama Eco Campus Project ”
At YNU, students play a central role in carrying out a variety of environmental activities. This page
introduces the activities of two of these groups, Live the Life and Yokohama Eco Campus Project.

● Implementing the “Yoko-Eco” Declarations
With the goal of creating environmental awareness in YNU students through the Tokiwa Festival and the autumn 2008
school-wide cleaning, five “action plans” that can be easily implemented on campus are presented to students: 1) removing the caps
and labels of plastic bottles before throwing them away, 2) not using plastic bags, 3) avoiding using the elevator, 4) making an effort
to purchase products that are environmentally friendly, and 5) removing “re-repack” film from containers, then putting them in therecycling box. After having students declare what they were actually going to do, the most popular option was “avoiding(Yokohama Eco Campus Project)using the elevator.”● Collecting and recycling abandoned bicycles left at school
In March 2009, over four hundred abandoned bicycles were collected at YNU. These bicycles were
given to businesses that are involved in the “environmentally friendly bicycles” project. After being repaired
and inspected, the recycled bicycles will be used as “environmentally friendly bicycles.”(Live the Life Co-op Committee)● Completion of Yoko-Eco News Volume 1

Carrying out activities

Yoko-Eco News Volume 1, a movie that showcases YNU’s environmental activities to students, has been completed!
Students planned the production of this movie, and were in charge of the entire process from shooting to editing. Yoko-Eco News
Volume 1 introduces environmentally friendly co-op products such as original YNU tumblers, eco-friendly bags, and “re-repack”
containers. It also features the college-wide cleaning that is one of YNU’s representative environmental activities.

(Yokohama Eco Campus Project)● Encouraging garbage separation at the school festival
At the school festival, a garbage station with a tent was set up to encourage
students and other visitors to separate their garbage into seven categories: cans,bottles, plastic bottles, plastic bottle caps, plastic, burnable garbage, and disposable
chopsticks. Collected disposable chopsticks were recycled into particle board, whilecaps were sent to the Ecocap Movement (details on page 25).

(Live the Life Co-op Committee)

Garbage station

Collected disposable
chopsticks

2. Conserving Energy Used for Air Conditioning● Decreasing CO2 emissions and costs by changing heating methods(Tokiwadai Campus)
Tokiwadai Campus’ steam heating system via kerosene boiler was
entirely abolished and changed to an electric heat pump (EHP). By
bringing in the latest EHP model, campus-wide energy consumption
can be decreased by 6% through crude oil conversion (preliminary
value), and campus-wide CO2 output can be decreased by 11%(preliminary value).

Kerosene boiler

Conserving
energy used
for air
conditioning

Boiler heater
expenses
Leased air
conditioner
expenses

Kerosene

Electricity charges

Maintenance costs

Lease payment Difference

Employed for further energy saving
measures, such as updating highefficiency lighting equipment

Electric heat pump (EHP)

2

Eco Campus Construction Policy
Decided upon by Environmental Conservation Committee on August 4, 1999

(Purpose)

Revised by the Campus Committee on July 27, 2006

The purposes of this Policy are to create a new, environmentally-friendly space for education and research at
Yokohama National University (hereinafter referred to as “YNU Eco Campus”); to work for environmentallyconscious education and research, facilities and equipment that are in tune with the environment, andenvironmentally friendly management and operation; and to proactively promote the construction of the YNU
Eco Campus which is in harmony with society and the regional environment.

(Fundamental Policies)
1. Environmentally conscious education and research(1) Place concern on developing human resources that understand environmental issues and possess thenecessary knowledge and power to take action.
(2) Implement experiments and research that is conscious of effects on the environment while providing
substantial environmental education.
(3) Promote the development of educational materials for environmental education in cooperation with relatedorganizations such as the Nature Conservation Society.
(4) Promote joint research in cooperation with related organizations as a research center in the field of theregional environment.
(5) Effectively use the natural environment of the campus as a living educational material.
(6) Promote the holding of seminars, lectures, and extension lectures related to the environmental field.
(7) Encourage students and faculty to deepen their understanding of environmental issues through releasing theEnvironmental Report, the provision of information, and volunteer activities.
2. Facilities and equipment that are in tune with the environment(1) Effective use of existing facilities and equipment while working to reduce their burden on the environment.
(2) Introduce facilities and equipment that make use of natural resources (the sun, rainwater, etc.).
(3) Promote the construction of a culturally rich, healthy outdoor environment.
(4) Thorough prohibition of the use of materials that have harmful effects on the environment or health, andemployment of natural and recycled materials.
(5) Promote state/local government environmental conservation measures.
3. Environmentally friendly management and operation(1) Promote conservation of resources and energy, and the appropriate processing/recycling of waste matter.
(2) Widely inform local residents of the YNU Eco Campus Construction Policy and its initiatives through opening
the campus, advertisements, etc.
(3) Inspire awareness of environmental issues and spread manners to students and faculty.
(4) Work to maintain the educational and research environment and keep it in a constantly favorable condition.
(5) As a regional disaster prevention center, work to maintain and improve related functions, and ensure humansecurity.
(6) Promote state/local government environmental conservation measures.
(7) Aim for initiatives towards environmental conservation that conforms to standards such as International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards.

(Plan of Action)
Determine a Plan of Action each year to guarantee efficient initiatives in line with the Fundamental Policies.

(Evaluation)(1) Evaluate and examine the implementation and results of the determined Plan of Action in accordance with theFundamental Policies each year, publish the Environmental Report, and announce the results in an appropriatemanner.
(2) Revise the Fundamental Policies and Plan of Action as necessary based on the evaluation results in theEnvironmental Report, and reflect this in the initiatives of the following year.

(Other)
The necessary matters related to the initiatives of this Policy and their implementation shall be carried out by theCampus Committee.

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ＹＮＵ

Initiatives in 2008 Based on the Eco Campus Construction Policy
Initiatives in 2008 based on the Yokohama National University Eco Campus Construction Policy are outlined below.
Eco Campus Construction Policy

Principal Initiatives
・Creation of a handbook explaining the nature at YNU Tokiwadai Campus
・The ”Yoko-Eco Declarations,” for choosing individual environmentally friendly activities

Environmentally conscious education and research・Showing the “Yoko-Eco News” movie(1) Place concern on developing human resources that understandenvironmental issues and possess the necessary knowledge and power totake action.

・Environmental education and research・Environment-related communication with the local area
・Distributing guidelines for the disposal of concentrated waste liquid, and holding
informational seminars about handling experimental waste liquid
・Holding informational seminars about the chemical management system
・Thorough separation of drainage for sewage and experiments(2) Implement experiments and research that is conscious of effects on theenvironment while providing substantial environmental education.

・Appropriate storage and disposal of radioisotope (RI) waste, and appropriate disposalof genetic engineering waste
・Promoting the procurement of eco-friendly goods
・Appropriate management of PCB(3) Promote the development of educational materials for environmental
education in cooperation with related organizations such as the Nature
Conservation Society.

・Education related to the environment
・The Global COE Program(4) Promote joint research in cooperation with related organizations as a
research center in the field of the regional environment.

・Initiatives for ESD
・Holding the YES Symposium(5) Effectively use the natural environment of the campus as a living
educational material.
(6) Promote the holding of seminars, lectures, and extension lectures related
to the environmental field.

・Research related to the environment
・Holding science fairs
・Faculty activities to contribute to society
・Releasing the 2009 Environmental Report(7) Encourage students and faculty to deepen their understanding of・Environmental activities by students

environmental issues through releasing the Environmental Report, theprovision of information, and volunteer activities.

・Announcements related to environmental accounting, material balance, total energyuse, water resources, and waste matter output

Facilities and equipment that are in tune withthe environment(1) Effective use of existing facilities and equipment while working to reduce
their burden on the environment.

―
・Conserving energy used for air conditioning(2) Introduce facilities and equipment that make use of natural resources (thesun, rainwater, etc.).

・Environmentally friendly construction
・Using solar power at affiliated schools
・Recycling and reusing water used in experiments
・Preserving Tokiwadai Campus’ abundant greenery・Rare creatures at Tokiwadai Campus
・Collecting and recycling abandoned bicycles left at school(3) Promote the construction of a culturally rich, healthy outdoor environment.

・Collecting plastic bottle caps at affiliated schools, student co-ops, etc.
・Collecting unneeded motorcycles
・Thorough separation of waste
・Promoting collection of recyclable items(4) Thorough prohibition of the use of materials that have harmful effects on

・Using “re-repack” containers

the environment or health, and employment of natural and recycled

・Using disposable chopsticks that protect the forests

materials.

・Promoting the procurement of eco-friendly goods(5) Promote state/local government environmental conservation measures.

・Decreasing greenhouse gas emissions
・Conserving energy used for air conditioning

Environmentally friendly management andoperation

・The energy saving campaign(1) Promote conservation of resources and energy, and the appropriate
processing/recycling of waste matter.

・Environmentally friendly construction
・Promoting the procurement of eco-friendly goods
・Employing the ”MOTTAINAI” recycling bulletin board
・Appropriate management and disposal of toxic substances(2) Widely inform local residents of the YNU Eco Campus Construction Policy
and its initiatives through opening the campus, advertisements, etc.

・Releasing the 2008 Environmental Report(3) Inspire awareness of environmental issues and spread manners to―students and faculty.
(4) Work to maintain the educational and research environment to keep it in aconstantly favorable condition.
(5) As a regional disaster prevention center, work to maintain and improve
related functions, and ensure human security.

・Encouraging visitors to the school festival to separate garbage into seven categories
・School-wide cleaning
・Disaster and fire drills
・Emergency earthquake reports
・Employing the Domestic Carbon Credit System(6) Promote state/local government environmental conservation measures.

・Acquiring CASBEE Yokohama certification at the Oka International Residence(temporary name)(7) Aim for initiatives towards environmental conservation that conforms tostandards such as International Organization for Standardization (ISO)―standards.

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Environmental Education and Research* Excerpted from the original by the Planning Division, Facilities Department● Education regarding the environment
Development of an environmental education program on the subject of
Shinya Matsumoto, Associate Professor, Faculty of Education and Human Sciences
mobile phones
Introduction
An environmental education program on the subject of mobile phones, avery familiar item in our daily lives, is being developed and put into practice
Subjects
at the Matsumoto Laboratory. Although we don’t realize it, we have direct andindirect effects on the environment every day. At the Matsumoto Library, an
Plastic
Batteries
Group
Group
Group
Lectures
Lectures
Lecturesenvironmental education program was developed with the goals of 1)
work
work
work
recognizing how our daily lives are connected with the environment from
Factory tours
the standpoint of material consumption, and 2) acquiring fundamental
knowledge of related industries and scientific technology.
As a part of this subject, study meetings are held related to technical themes
Conclusion
such as plastic, semiconductors, batteries, and displays, and knowledge shared
Overall image of the program
there is used to create educational materials.
The program that has been developed was put into practice at three high schools in Tokyo and Kanagawa Prefecture,
for a total of six times. In the future, feedback will be provided to the program about selected themes fromquestionnaire surveys, and the program will be implemented again. In this way, we hope to promote the spread of the
program.
Semiconductors● Research regarding the environment
Research regarding making use of energy conservationin “Green Buildings”
Satoshi Yoshida, Associate Professor, Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences;
Kazuo Fukai, Associate Professor, Akihiro Tamura, Professor, Kazuoki Ohara, Professor, and Yasuhiro
Fujioka, Lecturer, Faculty of Engineering; Hitoshi Fukao, Visiting Professor, Visiting Chair（Green building engineering）; Ineko Tanaka, Special-Appointment Teaching Staff (Assistant
Teacher) Interdisciplinary Research Center

Measuring air conditioning system burden

The number of “green buildings” with energy-saving technology has continued increasing in recent years. In buildings
with various types of equipment other than energy-saving technology, the various functions may not coincide with theuser’s lifestyle, which may lead to even greater use of energy. For this reason, constructing an operational system thatguides the user to make use of the green building’s efficient functions is an urgent issue.
This research is focused on the Department of Architecture and Building Science, which was renovated as agreen building after being repaired for earthquake resistance. It aims to examine the behavior of users that allows
them to make the maximum use of architectural functions, as well as the construction of a visualization systemthat leads users to this behavior. In the first year, measurement and characteristic analysis were simultaneously
carried out regarding the amount of energy consumed for building use, such as air conditioning and lighting. In particular,a survey was carried out at the same time to investigate the possibility of decreasing the amount of energy used for air
conditioning and improving environmental efficiency. Reflecting these results in architectural education is also one of thegoals of the research, and it is also expected to be effective for educating talented people who are able to contributeto sustainability and building the green buildings of the 21st century.

Environmentally friendly energy transportation
A pressing issue in the field of energy is switching fromtraditional large scale electrical power sources to dispersed
power sources. With this in mind, research was carried out
regarding environmentally friendly energy transport.
We paid attention to the process by which resources areimported into Japan and then sent to consumers. We
examined CO2 emissions at large scale power plants, CO2
emissions from dispersed power sources at the consumer
end, and CO2 from fossil fuels used as a heat source byconsumers, and considered how CO2 emissions can be
decreased overall. We also analyzed how much of adecrease in CO2 could be seen from introducing dispersed
power sources such as solar power and fuel cells to
consumers. In this way, we hope to contribute to switchingfrom traditional energy systems to those that are morefriendly to the environment.

5

Tsutomu Oyama, Professor, Faculty of Engineering

Decreasing output by employing dispersed power sources

CO2 output
Types of energy

Consumers
Electric power
Steam, hydraulic, atomic

Electric line

Home
Dispersed power sources
Fuel cell

City gas

Factory

Gas plant

Gas pipe
Solar power
Hotel

Kerosene
Shipping

最適な導入率を考える

Considering
Considering appropriate
appropriate
introduction
introduction ratio
ratio

Leading to appropriate energy
transportation costs

Energy system

ＹＮＵ

Contributions to Society by Faculty Members● Initiatives as part of the “Global Eco-Risk Management from Asian
Viewpoints” YNU Global COE ProgramThis Global COE Program is based on YNU’s ample experience including the 21st Century COE Program and is
carried out in cooperation with the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES). It is an initiative to contributeto the appropriate management of eco-risk in locations such as developing countries in Asia, which are home toremarkable ecosystem destruction and ecosystem services deterioration resulting from population increase andeconomic development.
On December 12, 2008, the program held the “Inconvenient Truth in Environmental Issues” seminar at United
Nations University (jointly hosted by NIES and the United Nations University Institute of Advanced Studies).
Approximately two hundred researches and citizens attended the seminar, which included
lectures and debates.
On the following day, the Nihon Seimei Zaidan and the program jointly hosted a workshop
at Pacifico Yokohama in Minato Mirai 21, Yokohama. This workshop, called “The Possibilityof a Spatial Information Platform for Creating Sustainable Watershed Areas ThroughCooperation: Focusing on Large Scale Watersheds in Kanagawa,” was attended byapproximately 190 people.

Symposium

In addition, the program held thirteen extension lectures in 2008.

● Initiatives for Education for Sustainable
Development (ESD)
United Nations University certifies areas working towards ESD as “Regional Centresof Expertise” (RCE), and Yokohama was designated as a RCE in 2006. RCE Yokohama
has established conferences made up of city universities, NGOs, and internationalorganizations, to carry out a variety of activities to spread the concept of ESD.
YNU plays a central role in working for RCE international cooperation and iscooperatively carrying out initiatives for ESD with Penang (Malaysia) and Cebu (thePhilippines). In addition, the Tokyo International Conference on African Development(TICAD) provided the opportunity to begin exchange with Nairobi (Kenya).

●2008 YNU Graduate School of Environment and Information
Sciences Axis Project Symposium“Anti-Global Warming Lifestyles from the Environment Model City of Yokohama”
Yokohama becomes a place of learning through the Yokohama Eco School (YES)
This symposium was held jointly with the City of Yokohama in March 2009 with the goalof sharing the research results of the Graduate School of Environment and Information
Sciences Axis Project. Over two hundred people, mostly citizens, attended. The
symposium introduced the latest information regarding global warming countermeasures and the development of environmental technology by YNU and Japan.
Panel discussions were also held made up of panelists from YNU, Yokohama City,
industries, and citizen groups.

● The Science Cafe
Three years after the project began, six sessions of The Science
Cafe (#11 - #16) were held in 2008, featuring lecturers (mainly female
researchers) on a wide variety of themes, including the humanities.
Science Cafe #11 was led by Professor Kazue Fujiwara of the
Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences anddiscussed the theme “Can ‘green’ save the future of the humanrace?” Many people are interested in this program, which is attended
by a diverse group of people including high school students and theelderly.

Exchanges of opinions spanning generations

6

Environmental Communication with the Community* Excerpted from the original by the Planning Division, Facilities Department● Local Interchange Course project: practical local activities by students
The Local Interchange Course is one of the minors available at YNU. As part of the “Practical Local Issues Studies”
portion of the minor, a total of fifteen projects were held this year featuring practical local activities regarding various local
issues. Two of these projects are described below.

■ Eco Project: Considering Water and Air From the Earth
Faculty in charge: Tadashi Takai, Part-time Lecturer, Faculty of Economics (Tokyo Institute for Municipal Research)
This project considers environmental issues from a “glocal” viewpoint throughKanagawa Prefecture’s policies. In the first term, students extensively studied
issues related to water, air pollution, and global warming in Kanagawa
Prefecture, focusing on Kanagawa’s unique headwater environment tax andcarbon tax plan through the subject of forests.
In August, students carried out a head water survey in which they traveled
more than 100km one-way in just one day, starting at Yamanaka Lake andOshino Hakkai ponds, which are the sources of the Katsura and Sagami Rivers.
There, they confirmed the process by which the amount of water is gradually
increasing. On the way to Sagami Lake, they observed the river while viewing
several of Tokyo Electric Power’s hydro electric plants. The participants were

Tawarano Waterfall (Tsuru City, Yamanashi
Prefecture) on the Katsura River (upperstream of the Sagami River) – August 3, 2009

impressed by how the water slowly grew muddy as they descended the river, andwere able to affirm with their own eyes the knowledge they had gained in the firstterm.

(Kazuaki Sato, Second Year, Master Course, International Graduate School of Social Sciences)■ Sprouting Eco in Yokohama Project
Faculty in charge: Ineko Tanaka, Assistant Teacher, Interdisciplinary Research Center;
Akihiro Tamura, Professor, Faculty of Engineering
This project places global scale environmental issues, including global warming, as issues
closely involved in the lives of Yokohama residents. It aims to resolve these issues in the realmof everyday life, and carries out activities through environmental education to deepen
citizens’ awareness of the environment and to encourage them to act. Students wereinvolved from the planning stage in environmental events for citizens in 2008, andintroduced YNU's practical local activities while cooperating with students from other projects.
They also created kits for workshops to encourage citizens to realize the necessity ofconserving water and to put what they learned into practice, including the creation of a pamphletthat calculates daily C02 emissions produced during daily life.

Pamphlet for calculating daily CO2emissions produced througheveryday life

Environmental Communication with Corporations● Employing the Domestic Carbon Credit System
Large scale repair work was carried out on two buildings at Tokiwadai Campus, replacing existing lighting with high efficiency
lighting fixtures. This project earned the Certificate of Approval for Emissions Reductions from the Domestic Carbon Credit System.
1. Partners: Panasonic Electric Works Co., Ltd.
2. Project: Reducing CO2 by large scale repairs to replace lighting fixtures in two buildings(carried out with two other businesses)
3. Activities: Replacing existing lighting with high efficiency lighting fixtures (Hf32W,etc.) –total 825 fixtures
4. Start date: February 27, 2009
5. CO2 emissions: Approximately 11t of CO2/year (27,000kWh/year)

Natural Science Research Building II

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Social Science Research Building III

Domestic Carbon Credit System
Certificate of Approval for Emissions Reductions

ＹＮＵ

Energy Conservation Counter Measures● Summer/Winter Energy Conservation Campaign
Energy usage soars in summer. To promote energy conservation and to prevent global warming, the following energy conservation
efforts have been designated as points of focus for the “YNU Summer (Winter) Energy Conservation Campaign.”
1. Always setting the air conditioner to 28℃ and the heater to 20℃
2. Unplugging electrical appliances when not in use
3. Turning off all lights during the lunch break
4. Avoiding using the elevator, and taking the stairs whenever possible● Environmentally friendly construction
During large-scale repair work to four buildings (Natural Science Research
Building II [Dept. of Architecture and Building Science], Natural Science
Research Building IX [Basic Engineering Laboratory], Social Science
Research Building III [Lecture Hall 1)] and Yokohama Elementary School in
2008, the following environmental friendly construction methods were
employed.

・Green walls
・Using energy-efficient lighting equipment
・Installing exterior installation in buildings

Green walls

Environmental Activities at Affiliated Schools● Solar power (at various affiliated schools)
Solar power is a type of power that is kind to the planet and doesn’t produce carbon dioxide or other gases thatcause global warming. Solar power generation facilities were installed in five affiliated schools in 1998.
The total amount of power generated in 2008 was 51,683kWh, with a yearly total of approximately 22 tons of carbon
dioxide reduction. While using environmentally friendly energy, children and students at official schools are also
proactively given and study environmental education.

●School-wide Eco Cap Movement (Yokohama Elementary School )In the Eco Cap Movement, caps from plastic bottles are collected and sold tobusinesses, then the profits are used to purchase vaccinations that help save the livesof children all over the world. As part of the general curriculum, YNU also helps giveback to society in a variety of other ways, such as collecting aluminum cans and using
them to purchase wheelchairs and giving donations to animal rights groups.
Eco Caps

Environmental Activities at the YNU Co-op● Collecting unneeded motorcycles
The parking lots on campus are filled with many abandoned motorcycles. Just likebicycles, the Co-op removes abandoned motorcycles and collects motorcycles that are
no longer needed. Signs have been posted in each parking lot, reminding people thatabandoning motorcycles is prohibited and asking people to bring their unneeded
motorcycles to the Co-op (photograph at right).

● Using “re-repack” recyclable containers for take-away meals● Using disposable chopsticks that protect the forests● Collecting plastic bottle caps, which are then used to purchasevaccinations● Working to reduce the amount of plastic bags used
8

Environmental Accounting
YNU discloses environmental accounting information focused on financial data from FY2008 (April 1, 2008 – March 31, 2009).
Based on the Ministry of the Environment’s Environmental Accounting Guidelines (2005), this information includes environmental
conservation costs and effects, as well as economic effects of environmental conservation counter measures (amount saved).

● Environmental conservation costs
In 2008, environmental conservation costs were as follows: investment expenditures were 150 million JPY, and expenses were approximately 200
million JPY. Among investment expenditures, preservation of living environment was approximately 47.0%, global warming countermeasures wereapproximately 39.1%, and preservation of air, water and soil/ground quality was approximately 10.7%. Among costs, preservation of living
environment was approximately 32.4%, chemical substance counter measures were approximately 22.1%, and global warming counter measures
were approximately 12.6%.
Investment expenditures are costs related to environmental conservation counter measures with long term effects. Other costs intended forenvironmental conservation are designated as expenses.

● Environmental conservation effects and amount saved
The effects of environmental conservation in 2008 were not entirely positive – increases were seen in the amount of kerosene, fuel oil, andgasoline consumed, as well as greenhouse gas emissions and inorganic waste fluid output (excepting recycled waste fluid) compared to theprevious year. However, environmental conservation effects were brought about in regards to other items. Economical effects (amount of money
saved) were approximately 48.70 million JPY (approximately 32.50 million JPY on the input side and approximately 16.20 million JPY on the outputside).

Material Balance
Various types of energy are consumed and waste material/carbon dioxide is produced through educational, research,and other types of activities at YNU. The following tables show the environmental load through consumption andemissions at the four main campuses.

INPUT
Energy and other usage amounts
CampusElectricity(Kwh)

City Gas(Nm3 )

Kerosene(L)

Fuel oil(L)

Gasoline(L)

Tokiwadai

17,141,980

582,500

208,368―

5,145

77,883

Kamakura

270,151

17,036

450

7,500

―

12,131

Tateno228,060

15,062

―

―

―

6,564

Ooka

263,610

16,608

140

―

―

5,374

Total

17,903,801

631,206

208,958

7,500

5,145

102,901

Usage amounts at Tokiwadai

Copy paper

Water
(m3)

(t)

88.3

88.3

Well water: 17,597 m3
Recycled waste water: 21,518 m3

Education, research, and other activities at each campus

OUTPUT
OutputCarbon dioxide
emissions(t CO2)

9,598

Total discharged
water

(m3)

113,322

Inorganic waste fluid(L)

11,174

Organic waste fluid(L)17,160General waste

(t)

165

Industrial waste

(t)

129

OutputRecycled plastic

(t)

118

Recycled cans/plastic bottles

(t)

36

Recycled paper(t)3

Recycled used paper

(t)

338

Recycled9

ＹＮＵ

Overall Energy Usage at Tokiwadai Campus★ Crude oil conversion decreased approximately 4%, and the amount of kerosene useddecreased approximately 55% compared to the previous year!

Gasoline
0.1%

The usage amounts for various types of energy, crude oil conversion
amount, and CO2 emissions from energy at Tokiwadai Campus are as
follows. The energy distribution in 2008 is also explained in the chart to theright.
Crude oil conversion, which indicates the total amount of energy used,decreased approximately 4% compared to the previous year, showing thatenergy conservation was accomplished.
Electricity usage was average, compared to the energy conservation thattook place in 2008. Gas increased 6% compared to the previous year,
resulting from large scale repairs in 2007 in which air conditioning was
updated from boiler-type to GHP-type. Kerosene use was greatly decreased,
due to switching from kerosene boilers to leased energy efficient electric air
conditioners in mid-2008.
CO2 emissions from energy, because of the increase in the electricalconversion factor (from 0.339t CO2 /1,000kWh in 2007 to 0.425t CO2/1,000kWh in 2008), increased 10% compared to the previous year.

Kerosene
3.8%

City Gas
13.0%

Crude oilconversion
amount5,198kL
Electricity
83.1%

2008 energy distribution

Energy type

Increase/decrease compared toprevious year (%)

2005

2006

2007

2008

17,914,320

16,994,400

17,147,520

17,141,980

0.0City gas (Nm )420,931401,710550,808

582,500

5.8

Kerosene*2 (L)722,000

527,000

464,000

208,368▲ 55.1

Gasoline (L)

3,671

4,000

4,660

5,145

4.1

Crude oil conversion amount
(kL)

5,691

5,252

5,404

5,198

▲ 3.8

C02 emissions from energy
source (t- CO2)

9,357

8,490

8,233

9,142

10.0

Electricity (kwh)
*1

3

*3

*1 Total from general use and air conditioning*2 Used for heating*3 Used for official vehicles

Greenhouse gas emissions at Tokiwadai Campus
In 2005, YNU created the “Plan on Global Warming Counter Measures” based on the City of Yokohama’s “Regulations on the
Preservation of the Living Environment in Yokohama City,” and is carrying out measures to prevent global warming accordingly.
YNU’s target greenhouse gas emissions reduction is 1% per year compared to the base year.
Policy regarding the promotion of measures to prevent global warming○ By taking the initiative to check greenhouse gas emissions in the various fields in which YNU carries out business activities, YNU works todecrease emissions, promote global warming counter measures, and contribute to the realization of a vital and sustainable society.
○ A school-wide organization will be established to promote, examine, and evaluate this project. In addition, global warming counter measures
will be implemented in a long term and continual fashion.

★ In 2008, greenhouse gas emissions were reduced by 6.9% compared to the base year (2007)!
Target emissions reductions: 1% decrease compared to thebase year; 3% decrease over the three years of the plan periodPlan Period II results

Base year: 2007

Year

Greenhouse gas emissions(t-CO2 /year)

2007
2008

8,233
7.668

Increase/decrease
compared to 2007 (%)

―
▲ 6.9

Plan Period I results

Base year: 2004
Increase/decrease
compared to 2004 (%)

Year

Greenhouse gas emissions(t-CO2 /year)

2004

9,348

2005
2006

9,432
8,572

―
0.9
▲ 8.3

2007

8,766

▲ 6.2

* Calculated according to the “Regulations on the Preservation of the Living Environment in Yokohama City.” However, during Plan
Period I, the factor of the base year was employed for the CO2 emission conversion factor.

10

Yokohama National University
Issued September 2009 Editor/issuer: Yokohama National University Planning Division, Facilities Department79-1 Tokiwadai, Hodogayaku, Yokohama City 240-8501 JAPAN
Phone:+81-45-339-3085 Fax: +81-45-339-3099
E-mail: shi-kikaku.kikaku@ynu.ac.jp ．

Facilities Department website: http://www.jmk.ynu.ac.jp/gakugai/shisetsu/index.html

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