2024年度一般選抜前期Ａ日程（ 1 月23日実施）

英語問題（ 1 ページ〜10ページ）−1−

Ⅰ 次の文を読んで、あとの問いに答えなさい。（ ••• のついた語句は文末に注があります。）
Electric motorcycles are getting popular in Kenya as private companies are building
charging points and battery-swapping stations to speed up the growth of cleaner transport••••••••••••••••••••••••and put Kenya on a path toward fresher air and lower emissions. But more publicＡ•••••
for reduced pollution and better government plans can help the industry go even further.
Ampersand, an African-based electric mobility company, began its Kenyan operations inMay 2022. The business currently operates seven battery-swapping stations spread across⑴

the country’s capital and has attracted 60 customers until now. Ian Mbote, the company’s
automotive engineer and expansion leader, says people have started using these stations but
progress has been quite slow. “We need friendly policies, taxes, regulations and incentives⑵

that would help more people start their own businesses,” said Mbote, adding that thegovernment in Rwanda put low taxes on importing electric transport, and it grew quickly.
Ampersand plans to sell 500 more electric motorbikes by the end of the year.
Companies say that using a battery-swap systemＢcharging electricmotorcycles for several hours can be an important selling point for customers, as using thebattery-swap system can lead to cost savings. “It costs $1.48 to swap to a fully charged
battery, which gives a distance of about 90 to 110 kilometers, as compared to the $1.44 of fuelthat only guarantees a 30 to 40 kilometer ride on a motorcycle,” Mbote said.
⑶

Kim Chepkoit, the founder of electric motorbike-making company Ecobodaa Mobility,
added that “You’ll be able to predict electricity costs more easily and won’t have to worry
about changes in fuelＣ.” Ecobodaa’s main product is a motorcycle with two batteries,

making it capable of covering 160 kilometers on one charge. The motorcycle costs $1,400
without the batteries, which is about the same as a traditional motorbike.
Other cleaner transport plans in the country include the Sustainable Energy for Africa
program. It operates a center in Kenya’s western region that has 30 solar-powered charging
stations for electric vehicles and battery-swapping. “Electric mobility has a hopeful future in
the continent, but switching to electric vehicles will take time because electric transport
requires big changes to the current system and people may also feel unsure about electric
mobility at first,” said Carol Mungo, a researcher at the Stockholm Environment Institute.
The move to electric transport “will require African governments to think again how they−1−⑷deliver current services such as

Dand affordable electricity and, at the same time,create ways to handle and get rid of electric waste,” Mungo added.
ESomeincentives are on the way. Earlier in February the African Development

Bank announced that it will provide $ 1 million in grants for technical assistance in Kenya,Morocco, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and South Africa. The African continent
records a million premature deaths annually from air pollution, according to a study by the•••••••• ⑸UN environment agency, Stockholm Environment Institute, and the African Union. Studies by
the Climate and Clean Air Coalition say a reduction of short-lived climate pollutants can cut•••••••••••••
the amount of warming by as “much as 0.6 ˚C, while avoiding 2.4 million premature deaths
globally from annual air pollution.”（Adapted from In Kenya, an electric transport plan for clean air, climate, AP News,February 11, 2023）

注charging points and battery-swapping stations：
（電動車両などのための）充電スタンドとバッテリー交換ステーション
emissions：（自動車の排気装置から出る）排出ガス
premature deaths：若すぎる死
short-lived climate pollutants：存続時間が短い大気汚染物質

問1

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問2

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次の文を読んで、本文の内容と合っているものには①を、合っていないものには②をマー

問3

クしなさい。
⑴

More people in Kenya are using electric motorcycles.

⑵

According to Ian Mbote, electric transport became popular quickly in Rwanda withoutシ

the help of its government.
⑶

サPeople can buy an Ecobodaa’s motorcycle including its two batteries for $1,400.
ス

⑷

The future of electric mobility in Africa is hopeless because switching to electric
セtransport will take time and money. ⑸The Climate and Clean Air Coalition says that reducing short-lived climate pollutants
ソcan lower global warming.

−3−

Ⅱ 次の文を読んで、あとの問いに答えなさい。（ ••• のついた語句は文末に注があります。）
Because of globalization, it is now easier than ever to share information and trade goods
all around the world. Rapid advances in information and communications technology have⑴

resulted in what seems to be a much smaller world. One of the main

Ａof a shrinking

world is that global cooperation is now much easier. Global cooperation is very importantbecause it can help countries solve problems that cannot be solved by one country alone. Thecooperation can promote peace and understanding between different nations.
Global cooperation is vital because many of the world’s problems cannot be solved⑵

without help from other countries. Take, for example, the environment. There are,Ｂ,

many environmental problems that affect the entire planet today. However, countries canwork together to solve these environmental problems. At the world-wide level, the United
Nations Environmental Programme（UNEP）coordinates international efforts that affect theland, sea, and air for the 192 member nation states of the United Nations. The UNEP
promotes sustainability for the entire planet’s environment. At a more regional level, theUnited States and Canada are working together to fight the air pollution that leads to acidrain. These two countries are members of an international joint commission that has agreed•••••
to work on air quality.   They do this in a number of ways, including exchanging information⒜and conducting research. These countries have been very successful in reducing the harmful
elements that cause acid rain. For example, according to Environment Canada, sulfur dioxide••••••emissions that cause acid rain have been reduced by 57 % in Canada and 67 % in the UnitedStates since 1990. By working together, Canada and the US are protecting the environment
on both sides of the border.
Global cooperation does not just help to preserve the environment. It can also promote
peace among different countries. The European Union provides a good example of former
enemies now working together. This cooperation started in the 1950s, when six European
countries, including France and Germany, created the European Coal and Steel Community,
which fostered economic cooperation in those industries. Another agreement was signed in⑶1957 to create a common market in Europe. Countries in this common market stopped
charging customs duties when trading with other member countries. Agricultural•••••••of the European Common Market
cooperation also began around this time. TheC−4−encouraged more countries to join, and in 1973 there were a total of nine members, including
the United Kingdom. By 1979 there was a European Parliament, whose members were••••••••••
elected directly by the citizens of the member countries. More countries continued to join in
the 1980s, and by 1993 there was a single market for all members. The cooperation continuedwith the introduction of the euro in 2002 , with 12 countriesDthis new currency.

Today, people and money can move freely throughout the European Union, and former
World War II enemies now live in comparative peace.
Major world problems such as air pollution and acid rain are best solved through globalcooperation. Peaceful coexistence is also promoted through countries working together.
These two examples demonstrate the importance of global cooperation. The planet is sure to⑷face more challenges in the future, but if countries can collaborate on the solutions, theproblems are sure to be overcome.
（Reproduced by permission of Oxford University Press from Q: Skills for Success Reading
and Writing 5 by Nigel A. Caplan, Scott Roy Douglas © Oxford University Press 2015 .）注

commission：委員会
sulfur dioxide：二酸化硫黄
customs duties：関税
European Parliament：欧州議会（EU（欧州連合）の主要機関の一つ。EU の政策運営について討議・検討する）

問1

空欄

Ａ〜

Dに入れるのに最も適当なものを、それぞれの中から 1 つずつ選び、番号をマークしなさい。
Ａ．①
Ｂ．①
Ｃ．①

③
Ｄ．①

benefits
carefully②②

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線 ⑴ 〜 ⑷ の意味に最も近いものを、それぞれの中から 1 つずつ選び、番号をマークしなさい。

①①
①
①⑴
⑵⑶
⑷
問3

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afforded
judge

②②②②

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線 ⒜ の意味として最も適当なものを、次の中から 1 つ選び、番号をマークしな
ケ

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①

The 192 member states of the United Nations coordinate international efforts that

affect the land, sea, and air②③④The UNEP promotes sustainability for the environment
Canada and America pay other countries to fight their air pollution problems
The United States and Canada work together on the quality of their air
次の文を読んで、本文の内容と合っているものには①を、合っていないものには②をマー

問４

クしなさい。
⑴ Globalization has made it more difficult than ever before to share information and trade
コgoods worldwide. ⑵Environment Canada says the United States and Canada have reduced sulfur dioxide
emissions by more than 50% since 1990.

⑶

Global cooperation can lead not only to environmental preservation but also toシpromoting peace. ⑷サIn the European Union today, many countries that were enemies during World War II

still refuse to cooperate with each other. ス⑸ According to the passage, the big problems like air pollution and acid rain can be solved
セif the world works together. −6−

Ⅲ 次のＡ、Ｂの問いに答えなさい。
Ａ．次の各文の空欄

オ〜アに入れるのに最も適当なものを、それぞれの中から １つずつ選び、番号をマークしなさい。

⑴

No sooner

①
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at

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had I arrived

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Ｂ．次の単語の定義として最も適当なものを、下の選択肢の中からそれぞれ １ つずつ選び、番号をマークしなさい。ただし、同じ番号を 2 回以上使うことはできません。

⑴

beliefカ⑵consensus

キ⑶diversity

ク⑷entertainment

ケ⑸

tool

コ①②③④⑤⑥⑦

physical change that is caused by a particular disease
the strong feeling, often religious, that something is certainly trueshows, films, or other performances to amuse people
the act of politely or formally asking for something
the fact that many different types of people or things are included
a piece of equipment that you use to do a particular job
an opinion or decision accepted by a group of people−8−Ⅳ 次の日本文と英文を対照させつつ、あとの問いに答えなさい。
日本では、新年を祝うために飾り付けをします。後で、役目の終わった飾りは、書き初め（新⑴

年の思いを墨の筆で書いた紙）などといっしょに燃やすために持ち寄られます。この種のたき火は、とんど焼きと呼ばれます。その習慣は日本中に見られ、 一部の例外を除いてたいてい１⑵月半ばに行われます。

⑶

新年の飾り付けは新年の始まりにやってくる神様を歓迎するのを目的としているので、 それ⒜らは、神様を送り出すために燃やされなければなりません。それで、ただゴミとして捨てるのではなく、それらを燃やして見守るために人々は集まります。さらに加えて、火の浄化の力が⑷

邪悪を追い払い、幸福や健康、豊作をもたらすと信じられています。書き初めの紙が燃える時、⑸

炎が高く舞い上がるなら、 それを書いた人は、より上手く書けるようになるだろう、と言われ⒝ています。炎が燃え残りに変わった時、焼いた餅やサツマイモなどを食べると一年を通して良⑹い体調を保つことができるとも思われています。

In Japan, we put up decorations
to（）the New Year. Later, the decorations whose
著作権の都合上、省略。
⑴

jobs are done, along with kakizome（paper on which New Year thoughts are written in sumiink）and the like, are brought together to be burned. This kind of bonfire is called tondo-yaki.
The（）can be found all around the country and is usually held in mid-January, withsome（）.

⑵⑶

As New Year decorations are intended to welcome the gods who arrive at the beginning
（ク）
（ケ）
（コ）
（サ）the gods. So, people（of the New Year, （キ）⒜⑷）to burn the items

and watch over them, instead of just throwing them away as garbage. In addition, thepurifying power of fire is believed to（⑸）away evil and bring happiness, good health andgood harvests. They say if the flame soars high when a kakizome paper burns, （シ）（ス）
⒝

（セ）
（ソ）
（タ）（チ）（ツ）more skillfully. People also think that if they eat mochi, sweetpotatoes or other foods grilled on the fire when the flames turn to embers, they can keep（⑹）throughout the year.

（Adapted from とんど焼き New Year’s decoration bonfires, Asahi Weekly, January 29, 2023）−9−問1線 ⑴ 〜 ⑹ の英訳を完成させるために、空欄に入れるのに最も適当なものを、それぞれの中から １ つずつ選び、番号をマークしなさい。
⑴
⑵
⑶
⑷
⑸
⑹

①
①
①
①①
①

問2②②②②②②celebrateapplication
appealsfollow
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correct

distributecustomdecisionsgatherbinddue

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線 ⒜ の英訳を完成させるために、空欄（キ）〜（サ）に入れるのに最も適当なものを、次の中から １ つずつ選び、番号をマークしなさい。
クキ①⑤

ケ②in order toコサthe gods

must also③

be burnt④

theysend off

線 ⒝ の英訳を完成させるために、空欄（シ）〜（ツ）に入れるのに最も適当な問3ものを、次の中から １ つずつ選び、番号をマークしなさい。
シ①⑤

be able tothe person

ス

セ

②
⑥

whowillソタ③⑦− 10 −

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itwroteツmore skillfully④

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