TMB/NP Sustainable non-sewered
sanitation systems

2016-01-25

TO THE ISO MEMBER BODIESNWIP ‘Sustainable non sewered sanitation systems’ submitted by
ANSI (USA)Dear Sir or Madam,
Please find attached a proposal for a new Project Committee on Sustainablenon-sewered sanitation systems proposed by ANSI (USA).
We would like to take this opportunity to inform you that ANSI previously
submitted a proposal to develop an International Workshop Agreement (IWA) on
this subject (approved by the TMB via Resolution 4/2016). ANSI is planning tohold the IWA workshop in late June 2016. It is ANSI’s intention to begin theprocess of converting this IWA into an ISO standard as soon as possible after its
publication. ANSI has therefore submitted this NWIP now, so that a Project
Committee can be set up by the time the IWA is published (target date of August2016).
The rationale for the process is to ensure the IWA is available for the marketplace
as soon as possible, in order to address the human health concerns, to stimulateinnovation and the market for manufacturers of such systems, and to learn fromuser experience of the ISO IWA in order to support its conversion into an ISO
standard.
If you have any questions, please contact us at tmb@iso.org.
Yours faithfully,

Sophie Clivio
Secretary to the Technical Management Board

Encl: NWIP proposal form 4, patent information and draft outline

Form 4: New Work Item Proposal
Circulation date:2016-01-26
Closing date for voting:2016-04-26

Reference number: Click here to enter text.
(to be given by Central Secretariat)

Proposer

ISO/TC Click here to enter text./SC Click here toenter text.

ANSI☒ Proposal for a new PC
Secretariat
ANSI

A proposal for a new work item within the scope of an existing committee shall be submitted to thesecretariat of that committee with a copy to the Central Secretariat and, in the case of a
subcommittee, a copy to the secretariat of the parent technical committee. Proposals not within thescope of an existing committee shall be submitted to the secretariat of the ISO TechnicalManagement Board.
The proposer of a new work item may be a member body of ISO, the secretariat itself, anothertechnical committee or subcommittee, an organization in liaison, the Technical Management Board or
one of the advisory groups, or the Secretary-General.
The proposal will be circulated to the P-members of the technical committee or subcommittee forvoting, and to the O-members for information.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Proposals without adequate justification risk rejection or referral tooriginator.
Guidelines for proposing and justifying a new work item are contained in Annex C of the ISO/IEC
Directives, Part 1.
☐ The proposer has considered the guidance given in the Annex C during the preparation of the
NWIP.
Proposal (to be completed by the proposer)
Title of the proposed deliverable.
English title:
Sustainable non-sewered sanitation systems
French title (if available):

Click here to enter text.
(In the case of an amendment, revision or a new part of an existing document, show thereference number and current title)

FORM 4 – New work item proposal
Version 01/2015

Scope of the proposed deliverable.
The international standard will define criteria to qualify sanitation systems sufficiently
especially in terms of safety, functionality, reliability, maintainability, usability, and that thedischarge (treated effluent) are compliant with leading practices. The aim of the standard is toensure safety aspects related to the operation of the sanitation systems in the intended areasof use and that the treated discharged products pose no user, operator health or environment
risks. The standard is applicable to individual and community sanitation systems which are
self-contained, meet defined discharge requirements, and aim for sustainability regardless ofthe on-site treatment technology.
Purpose and justification of the proposal*
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 2.5 billion people have noaccess to safe, clean toilets and 1 billion are forced to defecate in the open. The devastatingconsequences of these practices include an estimated 1 million preventable deaths per year,
primarily from dysentery-like diarrheal diseases.1
In March 2013 the UN issued a global call to action for the comprehensive elimination of thepractice of open defecation by 2025. According to the UN, countries where open defecation ismost common have the highest levels of child death and disease, as a result of ingesting
human fecal matter that has entered the food or water supply.2 A lack of safe, private toilets is
also associated with the highest overall levels of malnutrition, poverty, and disparity between
rich and poor, and makes women and girls vulnerable to violence.3 Universal toilet access isthe only acceptable goal, and it is achievable.
Sustainable non-sewered sanitation systems are a practical solution to address sanitationrelated death and disease. These reinvented toilets, or “next-generation” toilets remove
pathogens completely on-site but do not require a sewer or water connection or electricity,
ideally cost less than 5 cents per user per day, and are designed to achieve point-of-use
reuse to meet individuals' health and safety needs, environmental concern and the targetedsustainability aspect
Some national standards and other guidelines have been developed that apply to certain
elements of reinvented toilets, or to separate but related technology. However, nointernational standard has been found to contain the commonly accepted criteria by which tomeasure the performance of “reinvented toilets”. Such an international standard would
enhance efforts to widely manufacture, market and deploy the technology where it is needed
most.
Based on these considerations, and the fact that no ISO Technical Committee currently exists
to address reinvented toilets, ANSI and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation took the firststep by proposing the development of an International Workshop Agreement (IWA), currently
in progress. Partners and grantees of the Foundation consist of stakeholders from around theglobe, including developing countries, and a specific effort will be made to encourage
participation from developing countries in the ISO activity. Once developed, the IWA may
serve as the basis for a new international standard developed by the proposed ISO projectcommittee. The IWA and the NWIP will overlap, but this will allow the expedited
establishment of the project committee to be ready to begin work on the ISO standard whenthe IWA is completed and published. Having the IWA published is desirable to allow relevant
products to be developed, tested and marketed while the ISO standard is being finalized.
Consider the following: Is there a verified market need for the proposal? What problem does
this standard solve? What value will the document bring to end-users? See Annex C of the
ISO/IEC Directives part 1 for more information.
See the following guidance on justification statements on ISO Connect:
https://connect.iso.org/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=27590861

1

World Health Organization (WHO), Sanitation Factsheet,
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs392/en/
2 United Nations, http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/waterforlifevoices/open_defecation.shtml
FORM 4 – New work item proposal
Version 01/2015

Preparatory work (at a minimum an outline should be included with the proposal)☐ A draft is attachedinitial basis☒ An outline is attached ☐ An existing document to serve as

The proposer or the proposer's organization is prepared to undertake the preparatory workrequired:
☒ Yes

☐ No

If a draft is attached to this proposal,:Please select from one of the following options (note that if no option is selected, the default
will be the first option):☐ Draft document will be registered as new project in the committee's work programme(stage 20.00)☒ Draft document can be registered as a Working Draft (WD – stage 20.20)☐ Draft document can be registered as a Committee Draft (CD – stage 30.00)☐ Draft document can be registered as a Draft International Standard (DIS – stage 40.00)
Is this a Management Systems Standard (MSS)?
☐ Yes ☒ No
NOTE: if Yes, the NWIP along with the Justification study (see Annex SL of the Consolidated
ISO Supplement) must be sent to the MSS Task Force secretariat (tmb@iso.org) for approval
before the NWIP ballot can be launched.
Indication(s) of the preferred type or types of deliverable(s) to be produced under the
proposal.
☐ Technical Specification☒ International Standard☐ Publicly Available Specification☐ Technical Report

Proposed development track☒ 1 (24 months)☐ 2 (36 months - default)☐ 3 (48 months)

Note: Good project management is essential to meeting deadlines. A committee may be
granted only one extension of up to 9 months for the total project duration (to beapproved by the ISO/TMB).
Known patented items (see ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 for important guidance)
☒ Yes

☐ No

If "Yes", provide full information as annex
Co-ordination of work: To the best of your knowledge, has this or a similar proposal been
submitted to another standards development organization?
☐ Yes ☒ No
If “Yes”, please specify which one(s):Click here to enter text.
A statement from the proposer as to how the proposed work may relate to or impact on
existing work, especially existing ISO and IEC deliverables. The proposer should
explain how the work differs from apparently similar work, or explain how duplicationand conflict will be minimized.
The proposed standard will build on the ISO IWA on the same subject, to be published in2016 (proposed).

3

United Nations, http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/pdf/MDG%20Report%202012.pdf

FORM 4 – New work item proposal
Version 01/2015

A listing of relevant existing documents at the international, regional and national
levels.
The to-be-published ISO IWA will serve as a base document for the international standard.
In addition, ANSI has identified the following documents that may be of relevance, inwhole or in part, to the project:
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AS/NZS 1546.2: On-site domestic wastewater treatment units; Part 2: Waterlesscomposting toilets
EN 12566-3: Small wastewater treatment systems for up to 50PT – part 3: Packaged
and/or site assembled domestic wastewater treatment plants
EN 16194:2012 Mobile non-sewer-connected toilet cabins. Requirements of services
and products relating to the deployment of cabins and sanitary products
NSF/ANSI 41: Non-liquid saturated treatment systems
NSF/ANSI 40: Residential wastewater treatment systems
NSF/ANSI 350, Onsite Residential and Commercial Water Reuse Treatment Systems
ISO 24511: activities related to drinking water and wastewater services – Guidelines
for the management of wastewater utilities and for the assessment of wastewater
services
ISO/DIS 24521: Activities relating to drinking water and wastewater services -Guidelines for the management of basic onsite domestic wastewater services
EN 997: WC pans and WC suites with integral trap
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, Ceramic Plumbing Fixtures
WHO Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and grey water
American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Federation
WE. (2012). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 22nd ed:
American Public
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2012). Guidelines for water reuse. Vol
EPA/600/R-12/618 | September 2012.
ISO Guide 64 Guide for the inclusion of environmental aspects in product standards
ISO Guide 82: Guidelines for addressing sustainability in standards
ISO Guide 51: Safety aspects – Guidelines for their inclusion in standards
ISO Directives, Part 2: Rules for the structure and drafting of International Standards

A simple and concise statement identifying and describing relevant affectedstakeholder categories (including small and medium sized enterprises) and how they
will each benefit from or be impacted by the proposed deliverable(s)While there are several relevant standards there is no integrated single standard applicableto sustainable non-sewered sanitation systems. This lack of a standard hinders the innovation
process by developers/manufacturers, market acceptance by purchasing bodies to support
broad commercial adoption and allows risks to exist for end-users through lack of access totechnology or deployment of poor-fit technologies. A standard would benefit stakeholder
groups in different ways. For developers/manufacturers a standard provides a transparent
and common basis for competition that guides innovation and is a way to attest their productquality. For purchasing bodies and end-users it provide certainty that minimal health & safety
criteria are met and that performance results are comparable. Additionally, market adoption
and investment in the sector would be fostered through a maturation and improved
attractiveness of the targeted market. This opening of the market provides opportunities forsmall and medium sized enterprises to act as local licensees, distributors, operators or as
developers and marketers of own products. A single certification would open access tonumerous countries improving the business case for all technology / product suppliers.
Finally, improved market efficiency is achieved as product information will be available andcomparable thereby lowering transaction costs.

FORM 4 – New work item proposal
Version 01/2015

Liaisons:

Joint/parallel work:

A listing of relevant externalinternational organizations or internal
parties (other ISO and/or IEC
committees) to be engaged as liaisonsin the development of the deliverable(s).

Possible joint/parallel work with:ISO TC 224
ISO TC 282☐ IEC (please specify committee ID)

Click here to enter text.
☐ CEN (please specify committee ID)

Click here to enter text.
☐ Other (please specify)

Click here to enter text.
A listing of relevant countries which are not already P-members of the committee.
India; Senegal; Singapore; South Africa; United States of America; all countries that require
solutions for sustainable non-sewered sanitation.
Note: The committee secretary shall distribute this NWIP to the countries listed above to see
if they wish to participate in this work
Proposed Project Leader (name ande-mail address)

Name of the Proposer(include contact information)

Click here to enter text.

Steven Cornish, ANSI
scornish@ansi.org

This proposal will be developed by:☐ An existing Working Group (please specify which one: Click here to enter text.)☐ A new Working Group (title: Click here to enter text.)(Note: establishment of a new WG must be approved by committee resolution)☐ The TC/SC directly☐ To be determined
Supplementary information relating to the proposal☒ This proposal relates to a new ISO document;☐ This proposal relates to the adoption as an active project of an item currently registeredas a Preliminary Work Item;☐ This proposal relates to the re-establishment of a cancelled project as an active project.
Other:

Click here to enter text.
☐ Annex(es) are included with this proposal (give details)
Annex 1 provides information on relevant patents. Annex 2 provides a draft outline for the
proposed ISO standard.

FORM 4 – New work item proposal
Version 01/2015

Inventor(s)Daniel Yeh, Robert Bair,
Onur Ozcan, George Dick,
Jorge Calabria, Matthew
WoodhamDaniel Yeh, Robert Bair,
Onur Ozcan, George Dick,
Jorge Calabria, Matthew
WoodhamDaniel Yeh, Onur Ozcan,
Robert Bair
Daniel Yeh, Onur Ozcan,
Robert Bair
Daniel Yeh, George Dick,
Robert Bair, Onur Ozcan,
Jorge Calabria

HOFFMANN, Michael, R.;(US).
ARYANFAR, Asghar; (US).
CHO, Kangwoo; (US).
CID, Clement, A.; (US).
KWON, Daejung; (KR).
QU, Yan; (US)Institution ‐ Assignee(if applicable)

Patent (Application) Number

Patent (Application) Title

Countries

Asian Institute of Technology
Asian Institute of Technology

1501000026
1401004209

University of the West of England(UWE), Bristol

Chinese Patent Application No. 2012800227584,
European Patent Application No. 12710778.7,
Indian Patent Application No. 7998/DELNP/2013,
United States Patent Application No. 14/003,882

Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC)

China
European
IndianUnites States

University of the West of England(UWE), Bristol

United Kingdom Patent Application No. 1501570.4

3rd and 4th pins for modulation, control and sensing

United Kingdom

Janicki

62/088,285 ‐ Filing Date: December 5, 2014

Toilet Systems and Methods

University of South Florida

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/955,450, filed
March 19, 2014

University of South Florida

Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) Patent Application No.
PCT/US15/21473, filed March 19, 2015

University of South Florida
University of South Florida
University of South Florida

Wormhole separator
Hydro‐cyclone for solid‐liquid separation

A Compact System for Decentralized Sanitation and Waste Resource
RecoveryUS

Portable Wastewater Treatment Systems

PCT

US Provisional Patent Application No. 61/947,664, filed March Concentrically‐Baffled Reactor (CBR) for Water or WastewaterUS4, 2014
Treatment
PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US15/18495, filed March 3,
Concentrically‐Baffled Reactors and Systems that Incorporate Them PCT
2015
Systems and Methods for Wastewater Treatment and Resource
US Provisional Patent Application No. 62/128,696, filed March
Recovery Incorporating Combinations of Separation, Conversion and US (PCT filing expected)
5, 2015
Polishing Stages

International

California Institute of Technology

WO2014058825

Self‐contained, PV‐powered domestic toilet and wastewater
treatment system

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2014058825&rec
Num=2&maxRec=2&office=&prevFilter=&sortOption=Pub+Date+Desc&queryS
tring=FP%3A%28pv+powered+toilet+ca
lifornia%29&tab=PCT+Biblio

US
Hoffmann Michael R.
Aryanfar Asghar
Cho Kangwoo
Cid Clement A.
Kwon Daejung
Qu YanCalifornia Institute of Technology

US20140209479

SELF‐CONTAINED, PV‐POWERED DOMESTIC TOILET AND
WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US106045304&recN
um=1&maxRec=2&office=&prevFilter=&sortOption=Pub+Date+Desc&queryStr
ing=FP%3A%28pv+powered+toilet+california%29&tab=NationalBiblio

ANNEX 2ANSI NWIP - SNSSS Draft Standards Outline

Content
Foreword....................................................................................................................................................... 6
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 7
1.

Scope ..................................................................................................................................................... 82.

Normative references ........................................................................................................................... 93.

Terms and definitions ......................................................................................................................... 10

4.

Components of non-sewered sanitation systems .............................................................................. 14

5

4.1.

General........................................................................................................................................ 14

4.2.

Types of non-sewered sanitation systems .................................................................................. 15

4.3.

Backend treatment technologies/processes .............................................................................. 15

General requirements ......................................................................................................................... 17
5.1

User group requirements............................................................................................................ 17

5.2

Metric system ............................................................................................................................. 17

5.3

Economic costs............................................................................................................................ 17

5.4

Operating conditions .................................................................................................................. 17

5.4.1

Expected technical lifetime ................................................................................................. 17

5.4.2

Ambient temperature range ............................................................................................... 17

5.4.3

Ambient air humidity .......................................................................................................... 17

5.4.4

Atmospheric pressure ......................................................................................................... 17

5.5

Sanitary requirements ................................................................................................................ 17

5.5.1

Sanitary design .................................................................................................................... 17

5.5.2

Sanitary agents and additives ............................................................................................. 18

5.6

Material requirements ................................................................................................................ 18

5.6.1

Material selection ............................................................................................................... 18

5.6.2

Quality of used materials .................................................................................................... 18

5.6.3

Corrosion resistance ........................................................................................................... 18

5.6.4

Resistance to impacts under operating conditions ............................................................ 18

5.6.5

Safety of edges, angles and surfaces .................................................................................. 18

5.6.6

Fitting or refitting of materials and parts ........................................................................... 18

5.6.7

Mechanical coding of connection in order to avoid failures .............................................. 19

5.7

Technical tightness...................................................................................................................... 192

ANNEX 2ANSI NWIP - SNSSS Draft Standards Outline

5.8

6

Welds and welding methods ...................................................................................................... 20

5.8.1

Welded seams and weld material....................................................................................... 20

5.8.2

Welds and welding methods............................................................................................... 20

5.9

Integrity against external impacts and loads .............................................................................. 20

5.10

Access to adjustment and maintenance points .......................................................................... 20

5.11

Lifting facilitations ....................................................................................................................... 20

5.12

Tools and devices ........................................................................................................................ 21

5.13

Information and warnings........................................................................................................... 21

5.14

Marking and labeling .................................................................................................................. 21

General technical requirements ......................................................................................................... 22
6.1

Functional performance requirements....................................................................................... 22

6.1.1

Design loads ........................................................................................................................ 22

6.1.2

Availability on demand ....................................................................................................... 22

6.2

Backend material requirements ................................................................................................. 22

6.2.1

Quality of backend materials .............................................................................................. 22

6.2.2

Surfaces of the backend ...................................................................................................... 22

6.2.3

Hygienic design requirements ............................................................................................ 23

6.3

Energy supply .............................................................................................................................. 23

6.3.1
6.4

Safety requirements for energy supply .............................................................................. 23

Mechanical requirements ........................................................................................................... 24

6.4.1

Structural requirements...................................................................................................... 24

6.4.2

Pressurized equipment ....................................................................................................... 24

6.4.3

Pipes, hoses and tanks ........................................................................................................ 24

6.4.4

Moving and rotating parts .................................................................................................. 25

6.5

Requirements for energy emissions ........................................................................................... 25

6.5.1

High temperatures of part and surfaces ............................................................................. 25

6.5.2

Low temperatures of parts and surfaces ............................................................................ 25

6.5.3

Fire and explosion ............................................................................................................... 25

6.5.4

Noise emissions................................................................................................................... 25

6.5.5

Radiation ............................................................................................................................. 25

6.6

Electrical and electronic equipment ........................................................................................... 26

6.6.1

Safety and reliability of electrical and electronic equipment ............................................. 263ANNEX 2ANSI NWIP - SNSSS Draft Standards Outline

7

6.6.2

Control system and measuring and automation equipment .............................................. 26

6.6.3

Safety-related function of the control system .................................................................... 27

6.6.4

Failure sensing and signaling equipment ............................................................................ 27

6.7

Component requirements .......................................................................................................... 28

6.8

Transport of substances.............................................................................................................. 28

6.8.1

Reliability of transport devices ........................................................................................... 28

6.8.2

Performance of transportation device ............................................................................... 28

Requirements for the frontend........................................................................................................... 29
7.1

7.1.1

Aspirational design.............................................................................................................. 29

7.1.2

Cultural requirements ......................................................................................................... 29

7.1.3

Aesthetics ............................................................................................................................ 29

7.1.4

Integrity against external impacts ...................................................................................... 29

7.2

Material requirements for frontend ........................................................................................... 30

7.2.1

Cleanability.......................................................................................................................... 30

7.2.2

Fire resistance ..................................................................................................................... 30

7.3

Ease of use and operation........................................................................................................... 31

7.3.1

General ease of use requirements ...................................................................................... 31

7.3.2

Starting of toilet operation ................................................................................................. 31

7.3.3

Stopping of toilet operation ................................................................................................ 31

7.3.4

Emergency stop................................................................................................................... 32

7.3.5

Frontend maintenance activities ........................................................................................ 32

7.4

8

Design requirements ................................................................................................................... 29

Flushing mechanism.................................................................................................................... 32

7.4.1

Functionality ....................................................................................................................... 32

7.4.2

Usability............................................................................................................................... 32

7.5

Transitions from the backend ..................................................................................................... 33

7.6

Slipping, tripping or falling .......................................................................................................... 33

Requirements for optional auxiliary systems ..................................................................................... 34
8.1

Superstructure ............................................................................................................................ 34

8.2

Photovoltaic modules ................................................................................................................. 34

8.3

Fans ............................................................................................................................................. 34

8.4

Electrical pumps .......................................................................................................................... 34
4

ANNEX 2ANSI NWIP - SNSSS Draft Standards Outline

8.5

Blowers and compressors ........................................................................................................... 34

8.6

Biogas reactors ............................................................................................................................ 35

8.7

Thermal devices .......................................................................................................................... 35

8.8

Membranes for separation ......................................................................................................... 35

9Maintenance ....................................................................................................................................... 36
9.1

Minimization of adjustment and maintenance activities ........................................................... 36

9.2

Location of adjustment and maintenance points ....................................................................... 36

9.3

Evacuation and cleaning ............................................................................................................. 36

9.4

Instruction to user and service personnel .................................................................................. 36

10

Performance, functionality and robustness testing ....................................................................... 37

10.1

General testing requirements ..................................................................................................... 37

10.2

Controlled testing ....................................................................................................................... 37

10.3

Field testing ................................................................................................................................. 38

10.4

Performance criteria ................................................................................................................... 38

1110.4.1

Performance criteria for liquid outputs .............................................................................. 38

10.4.2

Performance criteria for solid outputs ............................................................................... 39

10.4.3

Performance criteria for noise emissions ........................................................................... 40

10.4.4

Performance criteria for olfactory emissions ..................................................................... 41

10.4.5

Performance criteria for air emissions................................................................................ 42

Sustainability requirements ............................................................................................................ 43

Annex I – Normative – Test methods ......................................................................................................... 45
A.

Test methods .............................................................................................................................. 45

Annex II – Informative – Risk assessment and list of significant hazards ................................................... 47
A.

Risk Assessment based product design process ......................................................................... 47

B.

List of significant hazards ............................................................................................................ 49

Annex III – Informative................................................................................................................................ 52A.

Product literature........................................................................................................................ 52

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................ 53

5