令和 4 年度
Ａ Ｏ 入 試 問 題 集（法学部）

公表期限：2025 年 3 月末
東北大学入試センター※ 以下の(1),(2)の場合を除き，複製，転載，転用することを禁じます。
(1)受験予定者が自主学習のために使用する場合(2)学校その他の教育機関(営利目的で設置されているものを除く。)の教職員が教育の一環として使用する場合conversations with young children in the context of religious backgrounds."

She ran into a storm of objections from fellow Labour supporters. But Nick Gibb, theConservative Party's schools minister, seemed to hint that she might have a point. He confirmedthat schools were required to promote the Equality Act. However, without making clear whether
he was unveiling a new policy or just interpreting an existing one, he also acknowledged that:
喩All schools whether reli ious or not will be re uired to take the reli ious beliefs of theiru ils into account when the decide to deliver certain content and to ensure that to ics areappropriatelv handled."That will continue to be a challenge in Birmingham, where according to the census of 2011,

40% of children were being raised as Muslims, and conservative strands of the faith, such as *theDeobandis and the Salafis enjoy much influence.

（Adapted from "Battles over LGBT education reach a messy stalemate" by Erasmus, The Economist.
Copyright © The Economist Newspaper Limited 2019. All rights reserved.一部改変）（注）
Birmingham バーミンガム（イングランド中部の都市）
guinea-pigs モルモット（実験台になるもの）

ethos (ある文化の）本質的な特性，精神the Deobandis and the Salafis デオバンド派とサラフィ ー 派（どちらもイスラム教の保守的学派）

問 1 下線部(1)の人物が主導している指導プログラムはどのようなことを目的としているか。 本文に即して日本語 50 字程度で説明しなさい。
問2

問3

下線部(2)は具体的にどのような内容か，本文に即して日本語で説明しなさし‘。
(3)に入る最も適切な語句を 1 つ選び，記号で答えなさい。

ア change its policy

イ compromise with them

ウ obey the order エ stand firm

問4 下線部(4) は具体的にどのようなことを意味しているか，本文に即して日本語で説明しなさい。
問5

問6

下線部(5) は具体的にどのようなことを意味しているか，本文に即して日本語で説明しなさい。
下線部(6)を日本語に訳しなさい。
5steady, the price of basic foods has begun to rise in some countries.

Lockdowns are slowing harvests, while millions of seasonal labourers are unable to work.

ーFood waste has reached damaging levels, with farmers forced to dump perishable produce as theresult of supply chain problems, and in the meat industry plants have been forced to close in some（countries.

) , according to the UN. The report pointed to conflict, natural disasters,
the climate crisis, and the arrival of pests and plant and animal plagues as existing problems. EastAfrica, for instance, is facing the worst *swarms of locusts for decades, while heavy rain ishampering relief efforts.
The additional impact of the coronavirus crisis and lockdowns, and the resulting recession,

would compound the damage and tip millions into dire hunger, experts warned.
" (II) ," said Agnes Kalibata, the UN secretary general's special envoy
for the 2021 food systems summit. "It has exposed dangerous deficiencies in our food systems

and actively threatens the lives and livelihoods of people around the world, especially the morethan 1 billion people who have employment in the various industries in food systems."

She pointed to Latin America and the Caribbean, where a third of the population alreadylive in a precarious state of food insecurity, and where Brazil is fast becoming a hotspot forcoronavirus cases. "Across the region, the pandemic has weakened economies and disrupted

supply chains, leading to food price hikes," she warned.
The pandemic risks reversing the progress that has been made in recent decades on lifting
people out of poverty and improving their access to healthy food, the UN found.

(ill) , said Elwyn Grainger-Jones, the executive director of the CGIAR
System Organization, a global agricultural research body. "Solutions need to be science-based andcoordinated across sectors to provide immediate response and assistance for those most in need,ongoing and inclusive support in recovery and - perhaps most importantly - future resilience toall shocks, including climate extremes."(Copyright Guardian News & Media Ltd 2022 一 部改変）

swarms of locusts（注）
問1(1)に入る最も適切な語句を1つ選び，記号で答えなさい。

ア on the verge of問2(2ア Since

イナゴの群れイ on the ground of

ウ at the cost ofエ for the sake of)に入る最も適切な語を1つ選び，記号で答えなさい。
イAfterウ If

工Unless7With youth unemployment in Colombia rising substantially, Youth in Action widened its age
coverage to reach new beneficiaries (now between 18 and 28 years old). Though this move wasplanned prior to the pandemic, its implementation was fast-tracked, and officials plan a further
expansion that will bring in an additional 200,000 young people. An extra one-off payment of USD$95 has also been made to existing beneficiaries. Unlike for Families in Action, conditionalities for
Youth in Action were not waived, however, as most higher education courses transitioned to online
teaching relatively quickly. Exceptions were made for young people enrolled in courses that are notoffered remotely.
These programmes have expanded rapidly and substantially in response to the pandemic,
meaning that they are currently operating beyond their original scope and purpose. While this ability
to respond quickly is considered a great achievement within government, there are currently no plans
to maintain the changes beyond the end of the pandemic, particularly as economic crisis is expected
to lead to tight budgetary constraints. As a result, many of the families and young people who started
receiving payments during the pandemic could be cut o仔 from financial support.
The COVID-19 pandemic has led the Colombian government to go to extra lengths and adopt
innovative strategies, as when re-engaging with families and young people previously removed due
to non-compliance with conditionalities. These new strategies could help us understand how to
reduce barriers experienced by vulnerable families and young people when attempting to accesssupport from CCTs. It remains unclear, however, whether the government will be able to build onthese new strategies. Disappointingly, the government is not currently planning to continue its revised
policy around the flexibility of conditionalities, for example, even though most beneficiaries havereportedly continued to comply with conditionalities during COVID even though compliance wasneither monitored nor rewarded.
The pandemic presents a rare opportunity to redesign anti-poverty strategies so that they are
informed by relevant evidence on improving children and young people's mental health and lifechances. Without careful planning of any future redesign for Colombia's cash transfer programmes,
many more families and young people will face highly precarious situations around and beyond theend of the pandemic.

(Adapted from "Extending COVID-related reforms to conditional cash transfers could
improve the life chances of young people in Colombia" by LSE Latin America andCaribbean, May 10th, 2021.より一部改変）*proxy means-test: a method employed in welfare programmes to identify the target groupthrough assessment of the potential beneficiary's income and assets*conditional cash transfer programmes (CCTs): 条件付現金給付プログラム*conditionality: a condition that must be met to receive the benefits of aid programmes-5-The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child outlines the rights to which under-18s are entitled,
and it has certainly been successful in drawing attention to the rights and interests of children. But its
non-discrimination article - which mirrors other human rights instruments - is also almost always
applied to minorities, gender and disabled children. It is rarely used, if ever, to protect children (asopposed to adults) as a group from discrimination.
Unfair discrimination can include laws and practices that exclude groups. It can also include
those that ignore the unique needs of a specific group. The latter is what is being argued in this case.
The claimants' position is that climate policies place most of the economic and environmental burden
on the younger generation. Too little attention is being paid to figuring out how to share that burden
and reduce carbon emissions right now.
This same argument has been used by *petitioners in other ECHR cases - for example, where
the Netherlands gave insufficient consideration to women's rights in the context of pension policies.
The argument has never been used at the ECHR for "youth" as a group, until now.
(Adapted from "How children are taking European states to court over the climate crisis – andchanging the law" by Aoife Daly, The Conversation, April 8, 2021. Copyright©2021, TheConversation より一部改変)*petitioner: a person who brings a legal case to a court

Question 1: Explain in your own words the content of the court case brought by the six Portuguese
children and young people to the European Court of Human Rights. Why have they brought the case?
Why do they focus on Portugal in particular? Why do they argue that the failure to address the climatechange crisis constitutes discrimination? Your answer should be approximately 100 words long intotal

Question 2: What do you think about the idea that bringing claims to a court is a better way to change
climate change policies compared to starting a protest movement? Explain your view in 60 to 80words.

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