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the drawing behavior of chimpanzees with that of human children and revealed that the imagination
was essential for the emergence of representational drawing. The second study focused on orientationLQGLৼHUHQWUHSUHVHQWDWLRQLQKXPDQFKLOGUHQDQGGLVFXVVHGKRZUHSUHVHQWDWLRQDOVFKHPDDUHUHÀHFWHGLQWKHLUGUDZLQJV6LQFHFKLOGKRRGZHWHQGWRGUDZREMHFWVV\PEROLFDOO\UHÀHFWLQJWKHVFKHPDRIREMHFWV
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through their processes of representation and symbolization.
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en los dibujos mediante la realización de pruebas de dibujo a personas de diferentes orígenes. Para
determinar los rasgos cognitivos que afectan los procesos de representación y simbolización, es importantediseñar pruebas de dibujo adecuadas para la comparación. Presentaremos nuestros estudios anteriores en
ORVTXHXWLOL]DPRV¿JXUDVGHHVWtPXORRWDUHDVHVWDEOHFLGDVSDUDHQIRFDUODVIXQFLRQHVFRJQLWLYDVEiVLFDVen el dibujo desde el aspecto del desarrollo y la evolución. El primer estudio comparó el comportamiento
con respecto al dibujo en los chimpancés con el de los niños y reveló que la imaginación era esencial parael surgimiento del dibujo representativo. El segundo estudio se centró en la representación indiferente
DODRULHQWDFLyQGHOGLEXMRHQQLxRV\VHGLVFXWLyDFHUFDGHFyPRHOHVTXHPDGHUHSUHVHQWDFLyQVHUHÀHMDHQVXVGLEXMRV'HVGHODLQIDQFLDWHQGHPRVDGLEXMDUREMHWRVTXHUHÀHMDQVLPEyOLFDPHQWHHOHVTXHPDGH
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comprender cómo los pueblos antiguos reconocían los objetos a través de sus procesos de representación
y simbolización.

135

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Why Do Chimpanzees Not Draw Representational

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Figures?

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Figure 12.1.
Drawing Task Using Incomplete Facial Stimuli in Chimpanzees and Human Children.

Note.2EVHUYLQJIUHHGUDZLQJRQLQFRPSOHWHIDFLDOVWLPXOL OHIW RQHRIWKHFKLPSDQ]HHVWUDFHGWKHRXWOLQHV FHQWUDO DQGD\HDU
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Inverted face drawn by a child.

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Why Do Children Draw Orientation-Indifferent
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137

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EXWZHUHVWLOOD൵HFWHGE\SHUFHSWXDOELDVHV7KXVLQRUGHUA typical face drawing.

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Figure 12.5.
“Tadpole man” .

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Acknowledgement
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³WRUVR´\HW

139

References
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FKLOGUHQ V GUDZLQJV Japanese PsychologicalResearch, 53  ±KWWSVGRLRUJM[6DLWR$ +D\DVKL 07DNHVKLWD + 0DWVX]DZD7 7KHRULJLQRIWKHGUDZLQJDUWV$FRPSDULVRQRIKXPDQFKLOGUHQDQGFKLPSDQ]HHVChild Development,85±KWWSVGRLRUJFGHY
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