IJERD – International Journal of Environmental and Rural Development (2016) 7-1

Research article
erdComparison of the OTAKE and SATAKE Rice Mills
Performance on Milled Rice Quality
MENG BUN*
Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Email: mengbun99@gmail.com

DYNA THENG
Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

LYHOUR HIN
Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

VARY VUN
Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

SAVATH SENG
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Received 22 December 2015

Accepted 11 April 2016(*Corresponding Author)

Abstract Rice is the main diet in Central Asia. Quality of milled rice is good or bad and meetsthe international standard in terms of quantity of head rice as a result of appropriate rice mill.
The objective of this study was to find out the better rice mill for better milled rice quality. In
this research, two rice species (jasmine and fragrant) were milled by SATAKE and OTAKE
rice mill machines at different conditions. The paddy rice specimens were dried to obtain themoisture content of 14% (recommended milling standard). Physical properties, percentage oflose, percentage of cracked rice, and capacity of peeling for millstone peel data were collected
and analyzed statically using SPSS version 16.0. The results showed that milling two species ofrice by SATAKE mill brand at role’s gap 0.7 mm obtained about 95% (Jasmine) and about 94%(Fragrant) on head rice, while using OTAKE brand at 3970 revolution per minute received
about 84% and 78% of Jasmine rice and Fragrant rice, respectively in terms of head rice. Thus,milling rice using small-scale SATAKE rice mill is better than OTAKE machine based on morequantity of head rice of both paddy rice species.
Keywords rice mill, role’s gap, fan speed, jasmine rice, fragrant rice, capacity of peeling millstone

INTRODUCTION
Rice is the staple food of more than half of the world’s population (AQIP, 2003). Cambodia plans to
produce 10 varieties of paddy to export and these varieties (some name in Khmer language) includes:
Sen Pidor, IR66, Julasa, Pka Romdol, Pka Romdeng, Jasmine, Pka chan sen sor, Reang chey, Kha4 andKha6 (Chan, 2011). Agricultural sector has created job opportunities approximately 80-85% toCambodian people (Pit Khun, 1991). In recent years, high quality rice of Cambodia has increasingly
and globally been recognized since it was ranked No. 1 and won the World’s Best Rice Award inIndonesia in 2012 and in Hong Kong, China in (Hor Kim, 2013). At the present, Cambodia can
produce paddy over demand for domestic market, in which the total production of 3-4 million tons peryear (Chun, 2013). Since the official integration in the ASIAN association in 1999, Cambodia beganⒸ ISERD90IJERD – International Journal of Environmental and Rural Development (2016) 7-1

actively working in terms of reforming to be a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) (Meas,2015). An increase of both quantity and quality of milled rice plays a crucial role in pushing up thenational economy. Due to lack of rice mill, Cambodia exported paddy rice to neighboring countries
without milling stage (AQIP, 2003). With a recent trend of improving rice mill machine program, aperfect principle has been created to develop and reconstruct the economy of Cambodia to enhancedomestic rice production toward international market standard (Rickman, 2015).
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to improve milled rice quality in Cambodia to meet an international standard. The
specific objective was to find the better rice mill for better milled rice quality.
METHODOLOGY
In this research, two rice species (jasmine and fragrant rice) were selected to mill using two small scalemills, made by SATAKE model SB-10D and OTAKE model PM 1500N. Six treatments (Table1) were
designed and done triplicate, containing 3 samples in each replication. Each sample composed of 10 kgof paddy rice with the moisture content of 14%.
Pre-test of paddy rice standard: 100 gram from each paddy sample was selected randomly to peel byhand to observe broken or cracked conditions before passing mill. From the amount of broken andcracked grains, the results were then calculated to find the efficiency of the machines through the testof grain quality.
Peeling levels determination: Samples were milled by SATAKE and OTAKE rice mill machines atdifferent role’s gaps (0.6 mm, 0.7 mm and 0.8 mm) and fan rotation speeds (4620 rpm, 3970 rpm and3320 rpm).
Dividing sample: There were 6 treatments in the milling stage. In each treatment, there were 3
replications of selected 100 gram of brown rice. In each replication, it was divided into three times byusing a homogenizer. As a result, 4 samples (25 gram/sample) were derived from one replication.
Finally, only 3 samples were kept for grain quality checking.
Quality control: Checking process of selected brown rice were done to measure peeling millstone
capacity percentage, head rice percentage, broken rice, cracked rice level. The checking process washandled manually following the method of OTAKE (2014).
Analysis: All recorded data of peeling millstone capacity, head rice, broken rice and cracked rice level
were collected and analyzed statistically using SPSS version 16.0 for descriptive frequencies of meanvalue and t-test.
Table 1 Experimental design
Treatments

Rice species

12

Jasmine34
5

Fragrant

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SATAKE
Role’s gap (mm)
0.6

OTAKE
Fan speed (rpm)46200.739700.8

3320

0.6

4620

0.7

39700.83320

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Peeling Capacity of Brown RiceFig. 1 Mean value of peeling capacity milled by OTAKE and SATAKE small-scale
rice mills (treatment 1-3 are Jasmine rice and 4-6 are Fragrant rice)
Figure 1 shows peeling capacity of the two small scale mills on both rice species. The illustrated results
were done by using different operation conditions of the two mills (OTAKE Company and SATAKECompany) on both rice species. The results show that there was no significant difference of the 3
different role’s gaps of SATAKE on jasmine rice, whereas the percentage of peeling capacity of brownrice decreased a little when the role’s gap increased from 0.6 mm (87%) to 0.8 mm (75%). On the otherhand, the result of using OTAKE rice mill on peeling capacity showed a decreasing trend when using
lower fan speed. The mean value declined between 4620 rpm and 3320 rpm and fan speed decreased
from 98% to 67% and from 99% to 85% for jasmine rice and fragrant rice, respectively. Therefore, theobtained optimum percentage of peeling capacity was 87% (milled by SATAKE) and 99% (milled byOTAKE). The results met the standards, containing 84% and 99% for SATAKE and OTAKE rice mill
(SATAKE, 2014 and OTAKE, 2014).
Percentage of Head Brown RiceThe results of head brown rice were indicated in Fig. 2 in the mean percentage value. Referring to thisfigure, by using SATAKE small scale rice mill with 3 different role’s gaps, the obtained head rice werein ranges of 91-95% for jasmine rice, and 92-93% for fragrant rice. The maximum percentage wasobtained by using 0.7 mm role’s gap on both rice species. However, there was is no significant
difference based on the number of standard deviation. Nevertheless, when milling the paddy ricespecimens using small scale rice mill manufactured by OTAKE company model PM 1500N with the 3sets of fan speed mentioned in Table 1, the achieved head brown rice ranged from 76% to 86% andfrom 73 to 76% for jasmine rice and fragrant rice, respectively. It can be concluded that, there will be
more number of obtained head rice when applying lower fan speed (Fig. 2). Even though, there is no
significant difference according to the number of standard deviation.
In comparison of the two small scale rice mills, SATAKE gave higher performance than OTAKE
in terms of head brown rice percentage. The results agreed with the findings of OTAKE AgriculturalMachinery Co. Ltd. (OTAKE, 2014) and SATAKE company (SATAKE, 2014), shown the quantity ofhead rice was 73.00% on average for OTAKE PM 1500N, and 85.10% for SATAKE SB-10D. The
quantity of head rice after milling showed a marginal percentage difference when comparing to theCompany’s testing results. Proper physical characteristics of grain before milling and different
experiment periods of time could influence the results of head rice.
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Fig. 2 Mean value of full milled brown rice in percentage
Percentage of Broken Brown RiceThe percentage of broken rice of paddy milled by the two milling machines from different companies
is shown below (Fig. 3). It was no significant difference on milling the jasmine rice and fragrant rice inthe 3 set role’s gap operations (0.6 mm, 0.7 mm and 0.8 mm) of SATAKE. However, treatment
number 2 (at 0.7 mm) provided the lowest broken quantity on average of 6%. In contrast, milling thetwo rice varieties by OTAKE with fan speed performance of 4620 rpm, 3970 rpm, and 3320 rmp, theresults showed that the percentage of broken rice decreased when applying less speed on both ricespecies.
In terms of the broken rice percentage, milling by OTAKE at 4620 rpm was about 3 times higher
than using SATAKE, while milling at 3320 rpm still obtained about 30% higher than that of SATAKE
for jasmine rice. For fragrant rice, it was much higher in all treatments.

Fig. 3 Percentage of broken brown rice, as a result of milling jasmine rice and fragrant rice by
SATAKE and OTAKE small scale rice mills
Percentage of Cracked Brown Rice
Figure 4 shows that even using 3 different role’s gaps, brown rice milled by SATAKE model SB-10D
consisted about 7% and 18% of cracked rice for jasmine and fragrant species, respectively. Comparing
these findings to the brown rice milled by OTAKE PM 1500N using 3 different fan speeds, milling therice by SATAKE composed more number of cracked milled rice for both of jasmine and fragrant. Theaverage percentages of cracked rice milled by OTAKE rice mill were in ranges of 2.89% to 5.44% andⒸ ISERD93

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3.22% to 7.44% for jasmine rice and fragrant rice, respectively. The maximum percentage of cracked
brown rice from OTAKE mill was at treatment 2 (jasmine) and treatment 3 (fragrant rice). Comparing
with the standards of OTAKE Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd., cracked rice was at 7% on average for
OTAKE PM 1500N at 3970 rpm (OTAKE, 2014), and SATAKE SB-10D was at 23.33% on average
for a role’s gap of 0.7 mm for fragrant rice variety (SATAKE, 2014). Accordingly, they weredramatically lower than the standards.

Fig.4 Cracked brown rice after milled by OTAKE and SATAKE small scale rice mills
Table 3 Comparison on efficiency of SATAKE and OTAKE mills on rice quality before andafter milled brown rice
Mill types

VarietiesJasmine
SATAKE
Fragrant

JasmineOTAKE
Fragrant

Before milled (%)

After milled (%)

BrokenCrackBrokenCrackBroken

Crack

1

1.33

7.33

7.84

7

6.51

0.33

2

1.33

16.33

6.34

7

5.01

9.33

3

1

14.66

8.98

7.11

7.98

7.55

4

1.66

9.33

8.2

18.88

6.54

9.55

51

10

6.75

18

5.75

86

1.33

16

7.3

18.22

5.97

2.22

1

1.33

7.33

26.92

2.89

25.59

4.44

2

1.33

16.33

22.81

5.44

21.48

10.89

3

1

14.66

21.19

4.89

20.19

9.77

4

1.66

9.33

26.92

3.22

25.26

6.11

511022.81

4.77

21.81

5.23

6

1.33

16

21.19

7.44

19.86

8.56

Treatments

Efficiency (%)

Table 3 indicates the number of broken and cracked rice in percentage of both paddy rice species
before and after milled by the two rice mills. Before getting milled is the results obtained from peelingby hand to check the origin of broken and cracked rice affected by other sources rather than themachine. After getting milled illustrates the quantity of the damaged rice as the effect of machine using
at different conditions (different role’s gaps for SATAKE and different fan speeds for OTAKE).
Efficiency expresses the percentage of damaged level comparing between before milled and aftermilled.
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As shown in Table 3, jasmine rice had 1.33%, 1.33%, and 1% broken rice and 7.33%, 16.33%,and 14.66% cracked rice before milling, representing treatments 1, 2, and 3 respectively. After millingby SATAKE, the percentages increased to 7.84%, 6.34%, and 8.98% (broken); 7.00%, 7.00%, and7.11% (cracked). The efficiencies received by 6.51%, 5.01%, and 7.98%; 0.33%, 9.33%, and 7.55% ofbroken and cracked rice, respectively. Thus, using role’s gap at 0.7mm offered the lowest percentage ofbroken rice after milled, but the highest of cracked rice in comparison with other two conditions (0.6mm and 0.8 mm).
For fragrant rice, on the other hand, the rice was broken at 1.66%, 1%, and 1.33%; and cracked at
9.33%, 10.00%, and 16.00%, representing treatments 4, 5, and 6. The efficiencies were 6.54%, 5.75%,and 5.97% in terms of broken rice and 9.55%, 8.00%, and 2.22% of cracked rice. The results are
similar to jasmine rice mentioned earlier that the minimum of broken rice obtained with 0.7 mm ofrole’s gap, but the lowest percentage of cracked rice received when milling at 0.6mm role’s gap.
When milling the same starting specimens of the two rice varieties at the same percentage ofbroken and cracked rice before milling. The efficiency of rice milled by OTAKE small scale rice millaccounted in a range of 20-25% and 4-11% for broken and cracked rice, respectively. The maximum
percentage of broken rice occurred at higher fan speed used.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this study compared the quality of rice milled by two different small scale rice mills
made by OTAKE Company and SATAKE Company. The results showed that OTAKE machine isbetter than SATAKE in terms of peeling capacity, lower cracked parameter, lower percentage of headrice quantity, and more number of broken rice on both rice types. The maximum of head rice millingby SATAKE rice mill was up to 95% using 0.7 mm role’s gap, while OTAKE obtained just about 86%
at 3320 rpm of fan speed. However, comparing with the standards of the machines, they were higher.
In addition, in terms of efficiency of broken and cracked rice parameters investigated to compare
between before milled and after milled, the paddy milled by OTAKE machine received about 3 times
higher on broken percentage with a slightly higher on cracked rice than milling by SATAKE machine.
Based on the results, therefore, we can conclude that milling jasmine rice and fragrant rice using
SATAKE machine at role’s gap 0.7 mm or by OTAKE machine at 3320 rpm fan speed are theoptimum conditions. In comparison between both machines, SATAKE machine performed better than
OTAKE since it produced higher head rice with lower broken and cracked proportion.
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