MIS23-01

Room:101B

Time:May 25 14:15-14:30

Wind tunnel experiments on mega-ripple formation processes regarding to spray volumeof coarse particles
KODAMA, Yoshinori1∗ ; HIROTA, Shizuka2
1

Fac. Regional Sciences, Tottori Univ., 2 Tottori Bank

Mega ripples have been observed at one site in the Tottori Sand Dunes since 2013. At exposure area of ash and pumice layers inTottori Sand Dunes, rill erosion occurs and aggregated coarse ash particles are supplied to sand surface. According to expandingof the exposed area of ash and pumice layers, supply rate of coarse particles increased. Mega-ripples could appeare as a result ofincrease in supply of coarser particle to sand surface beyond a threshold value.
We made 9 cm wide, 60 cm deep and 7.28 m long wind tunnel for studing formation processes of mega ripples. Maximum windspeed attains 17.3 m/s. As for coarse particles, we selected polypropylene rounded particles (4 mm in diameter, 0.9 in specificweight). Fine sand particles were laid at 16 to19 cm thickness and then polypropylene particles sparged over the sand surface.
Considering results of preliminary experiments on bed-forms according to the volume of polypropylene particles scattered, weselected 45 g/m sparged rate of polypropylene particles for an initial experimental condition.5 digital cameras were installed
parallel to the wind tunnel to get longitudinal shape changes of bed-forms every 1 minute. Another camera recorded plane viewof bed-forms particularly distribution pattern of coarse particles every 1 minute. We analyzed bed-form shape changes using
these records.
Two types of transverse bed-forms were observed: one has short wavelength of 10 cm to 20 cm with steep erosional slope
at stoss side and gentle slope at lee side (A-type) , just opposite shape of normal wind ripples. The other has relatively longwavelength of 25 cm to more than 100 cm with a concave upward longitudinal shape (B-type). Coarse particles formed congested
zones and smooth zones in successive way. In congested zones, fine sand particles were covered by coarse ones so that it wasdifficult to erode fine sand in these zones. On the other hand in smooth zones, fine sand particles were easily eroded. These
processes form concave upward shapes: ridges and adjacent downward slopes were covered by coarse particles in both bedforms.
After 1 minute of the experiment, many A type bed-forms were formed, which coalesced each other into longer wavelength
bed-forms. Within 20 minutes, A-types were decreased in number, instead B-type increased. Both bed-forms moved downwards,
the maximum migrating speed of A-type attained 9 cm /min and an average migrating rate of B type was ca.4 cm/min. After
40 minutes, 5 or 6 mega-ripples were formed in the wind tunnel. Maximum wavelength was 115 cm and its height was 7.4 cm.
Mega-ripples were formed in degrading stage of sand surface.
Keywords: mega-ripples, wind tunnel experiment, polypropylene particles, degrading stage of sand surface, Tottori Sand Dunes,
exposure of ash and pumice layer

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MIS23-02

Room:101B

Time:May 25 14:30-14:45

Geoecological study of the coastal area in the San-in Kaigan Geopark. (Part1 Topography
geological feature)
TAMURA, Yukio1∗ ; MORINO, Yoshihiro2 ; KITAMURA, Kakuichi3
1

Pacific Consultants Co.,Ltd., 2 Pacific Consultants Co.,Ltd., 3 Regional Environmental Planning, Inc.

I investigate it what kind of habitation space a creature of the shore area uses, and this study is intended that I clarify that thevariety of the topography geological feature is related to the variety of the creature.
I considered the association with the creature which used it as habitation space. A variety of hollows are formed of tuff breccia
and the granite, and much adherence creatures, necton use the space. On the other hand, it is thought that the conglomerate is notsuitable for a convex surface form as creature habitation space. I showed a superficial surface form in sandstone, mudstone andandesite and knew that it became the use space only for limited creatures.
Keywords: Geoecology, Beach, Coastal landform

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MIS23-03

Room:101B

Time:May 25 14:45-15:00

Geoecological study of the coastal area in the San-in Kaigan Geopark (Part 2 Biologicaldiversity )MORINO, Yoshihiro1∗ ; TAMURA, Yukio1 ; KITAMURA, Kakuichi21

Pacific Consultants Co.,Ltd, 2 Regional Environmental Planning, Inc.

I investigate it what kind of habitation space a creature of the shore area uses, and this study is intended that I clarify that thevariety of the topography geological feature is related to the variety of the creature.
I considered the association with the creature which used it as habitation space. A variety of hollows are formed of tuff breccia
and the granite, and much adherence creatures, necton use the space. On the other hand, it is thought that the conglomerate is notsuitable for a convex surface form as creature habitation space. I showed a superficial surface form in sandstone, mudstone andandesite and knew that it became the use space only for limited creatures.
About the creature distribution situation according to the geological feature, tuff breccia is the highest in biological diversity,and the granite is relatively high. A sedimentary rock and the volcano rock (andesite, rhyolite) indicating a superficial shape
understand that biodiversity is low. In addition, as for the igneous rock that the joint developed, it is with the habitation spacethat is important for the sessile creature (a japanese goose barnacle or hard-shelled mussel) using the small space of the crack.

Keywords: Geoecology, Beach, Coastal landform, Biodiversity

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MIS23-04

Room:101B

Time:May 25 15:00-15:15

Role of museums and education centers in geoparks.
SAKIYAMA, Tohru1∗
1Graduate School of Regional Resource Management, University of Hyogo

Geoparks are expected as a place of the earth science education. They are propelled as lifelong educational programs by themuseums. I arrange the role of museums in Japanese geoparks and some Europe geoparks and examine the role of museums inthe future.
Ito (1991) reviewed the change of museums and divided the museums of Japan to following three generations.
The first generation: The classic museum which preserve treasures with the scarcity value including a national treasure andthe natural monument
The second generation: The museums which collect various materials and carry out the exhibition and education
The third generation: The museums which found a necessary document based on a social request and assume the civic participation and experience the axis of the administration.
Recently, activities of the museums are diversified. Museums do not only provide the exhibition and learning programs onesidedly, but are used by a citizen spontaneously as place for scientific exchange. In addition, museum goes to each place anddevelops their educational programs with local people. Furthermore, they take a role as the think tank about protection, conservation and utilization of natural environments. The eco-museum is developed in each place, too.
A museum and learning facilities participate in the activity of the geopark more or less. It is written in guideline on Global
Geopark Network that ’A Geopark must provide and organize support, tools, and activities to communicate geoscientific knowledge and environmental and cultural concepts to the public (e.g. through museums, interpretive and educational centres, trails,
guided tours, popular literature and maps, and modern communication media)’ This sentence shows that they expect mainly anoffer of the exhibition and learning program. In addition, on the homepage of the UNESCO, it is stated that ’A Global Geopark
is not a museum, it is an active laboratory where people can become engaged inscience from the highest academic research level to the level of the curious visitor’.(http://www.unesco.org/new/en/naturalsciences/environment/earth-sciences/global-geoparks/some-questions-about-geoparks/geopark-and/science/). This context shows
an impression that the museum is a place to appreciate the display calmly.
Their museum image is similar to the museum of the first or second generation by Ito(1991).
Most of the museum and learning facilities have geopark corner in an exhibition room but there are few examples that a museum is active positively in Japanese geoparks. Some museums are in the members of the promotion council of the geopark andsupport it from a scientific aspect and an aspect of the education. However, there are few museum developing outreach programsin many place in the geopark.
Museum and organization of Lesbos Geopark and Psiloritis Geoparks in Greece are investigated. The museum and the university conclude an agreement with administration and local groups in each geopark and play a central part in management
organization of geopark. It is different from position of the museums in most of Japanese geoparks, that the museums lead thegeopark centrally.
Some European Geoparks have educational program called ”RACCE (Raising earthquake Awareness and Coping Children’sEmotions)” which is consist of common teaching materials and display in the museum on the earthquake. Existence of museum
may have made RACCE easy to establish. There will be many points that Japanese geoparks should refer to them.
It is difficult to establish the large-scale museum with curators in all Japanese geoparks in actually. Cooperation between small
educational facilities and concept of eco-museum worth considering as an alternative, but it is important to play a central role inthe management organization.
Keywords: geopark, museum, lifelong education, earth science educaion, management

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MIS23-05

Room:101B

Time:May 25 15:15-15:30

Tateyama Kurobe Geopark for active fault disaster prevention/mitigation
TAKEUCHI, Akira2∗
1Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, 2 Tateyama Kurobe Geopark Society

There are not a lot of residents and visitors who can be conscious of the systematic work of the Earth in the shadow of thenatural benefit clearly. The eastern part of Toyama Prefecture caught in Tateyama mountain range of alpine height 3000m andToyama Bay, Japan Sea, of water depth 1000m consists of a cohered geomorphology of seas and mountains, forming a certain
cultural region where people live in the peculiar topography composed of the seaside alluvial fans. Favors and seafoods of thenatural environment characterize the region, land nature rich in diversity increase, and by the nature of this locality named as
mecca of sabo and environmental researches. The cohered topography accomplished by the 3000m high, steep cordillera andthe 1000m deep bay and their geology composed of Hida Belt as a major tectonic province in Japan can demonstrate a global
dynamism which showed by the trace of continental collisions, the intermittent igneous activity after the Mesozoic era, the crustalmovements and the climate changes in the Paleozoic era in the whole region (called the Tateyama Kurobe region, hereafter).
The naturalist guide systems in Toyama Prefecture have been maintained for 30 years and continuously performed their activities on spread enlightenment and protection/preservation of the natural property and wealth. High activity by a lot of guideorganizations, resident volunteer groups and individuals cover the whole region from the coastal plains along and Toyama Bayto the main ridge of Hida mountain range. The field museum about water circulation is a typical example of geo-tourism in thewaterfront fan complex in this region.
Active faults such as Atotsugawa faults, Kurehayama faults, and Uozu-off Itoigawa fault zone are distributed in the region.
The Atotsugawa fault is a famous strike-slip fault in Japan and was the target for the research program ”active fault frontier”. The
Kurehayama fault is a reverse fault, which represents a typical example of inversion tectonics in the coastal plains and the strain
concentration zone along the eastern margin of Japan Sea. This fault lies beneath the central urban area of Toyama City, and theconstruction department of the City conducted reflection surveys from 2010 years for 2 years, offering a good example of risk
management by the local government. The Uozu-off Itoigawa faults are a typical example of active reverse fault, which wouldgenerate large tsunamis in the Toyama Bay. Since major types of active faults can be observed only in the geopark, this region
can be utilized as a field museum for active faults and related disaster prevention. Cooperation reinforcement with the Itoigawa
Geopark it neighbors inevitably is asked from existence of the Itoigawa offing fault which is submarine active fault.
A damaging earthquake occurred in the source area of Kurobe River on October 30th, 2011, after the off-Tohoku-district
Pacific earthquake which occurred on March 11, 2011, and fumarole activity in the Jigokudani craters is also getting active in
Tateyama Volcano, and the explosion crater Shinyu of Tateyama Caldera had also changed suddenly in a geyser from 2013.
Moreover, the trench type great earthquake occurring in the Nankai-trough subduction zone is assumed at present. The central
urban area of Toyama City in the Toyama plain should be utilized as ’field museum for disaster prevention and risk reduction’ inthis situation. This is because the Toyama plain was the severe disaster area by the 1858 Hietsu earthquake which was an induced
earthquake of the Ansei Nankai-Tokai earthquakes and the urban area became as the case which has succeeded in rehabilitationby the feudal clan and unity of people.
Keywords: active fault, natural disaster, disaster prevention, disaster mitigation, field museum, SABO

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MIS23-06

Room:101B

Time:May 25 15:30-15:45

The resources and their significance on tsunami disaster prevention of Nobiru-geosite inHigashimatushima CityTANIGUCHI, Hiromitsu1∗ ; MSC, Geopark preparatory committee1
1Tohoku University

About 4 years have passed from the Great East Japan Earthquake. But even now the victims are in a difficult situation in
many aspects. They suffer from, in particular, not being able to foresee the future including economy. We, including disaster
heritage by Earthquake, trying to create a Geopark utilizing geo-resources in the region. We carry out a geo-tour for the purposeof science education, disaster prevention education and the sightseeing in this Geopark and are going to plan the activation of thedisaster area.
In the presentation, I will focus on the geo-resources of Nobiru district in Higashimatsushima City, Miyagi Prefecture. Atsunami attacked repeatedly from the Jomon period approximately 8,000 years ago, and the city suffered a big disaster as well as
the Great East Japan Earthquake. Especially Nobiru district has issued a number of victims in the Great East Japan Earthquake.
Therefore, there remains many disaster heritage associated with the 3.11 tsunami here. Having investigated the geo-resources
associated with the tsunami in this region, we will introduce them and also introduce geo-story they tell.

Keywords: Higashimatsushima City, Nobiru district, Great East Japan Earthquake, Tsunami, Disaster prevention education,Geopark

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MIS23-07

Room:101B

Time:May 25 15:45-16:00

Image of geopark for university students: a case report of Nagasaki Prefecture
UEKI, Takeyuki1∗
1

faculty of Risks and Crisis Management, Chiba Institute of Science

The Unzen Volcanic Area Grobal Geopark is the pioneer of Japanese geoparks, located in central Kyushu Island, southwest
Japan. However, a large proportion of local university students do not recognize it. I have lectured physical geography in theUniversity of Nagasaki for three years, including a topic of geopark and field works around the geopark. Also I assigned a reporton finding and explaining a local geo-site for students. Image of geopark for university students will be outlined and categolizedby subjects, base on totally more than 250 reports.
Keywords: geopark, geo-site, physical geography, university student, Nagasaki Prefecture

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MIS23-08

Room:101B

Time:May 25 16:15-16:30

Trend of IUGS on GeoParks, GeoVandalism and GeoEthics
OGAWA, Yujiro1∗
1

No affiliation

The Executive Committee of IUGS (International Union of Geological Sciences) decided to continue supporting IGGP (International Geoscience and GeoParks Programme) after successful development of IGCP for 45 years. It is stressed that we invite
much more researchers from developing countries. The GeoParks movement is also very fruitful in these years (particularly inChina). On the other hand, there is not much difference for ordinary citizen between GeoParks, World Heritage (there are a few
geological world heritages), National Parks, and Natural Preserves, although there must be distinct differences in between theseprogrammes. They work under each popular logs. Natural Trust Movement in Britain also works by spontaneous motion for
natural preserve of citizen. These seem no different with GeoParks in appearance to utilize the world-famous geological outcrops
and areas for education and heritage to the citizen and world. In particular, the USA has many national parks and monuments thatare used for education on nature and morals of young people by family outside. These are quite different from Japanese nationalparks in which many regulations and controls are involved. The universities have effective curriculums of summer camp (USA)and mapping project (UK), similar to the previous promotion thesis (Shinron) of Japan, and are well supported by professors,
students and society. In these years, natural preserves (including environments and resources) have been popular but the geological leaders may trend different ways to economic development of the world and their own country. IUGS have done four IGCs
(International Geological Congresses) in these more than 12 years, suggesting to utilize geology for the economic development.
These are of a different trend as UNESCO and other nature conservation associations which seek basic education for naturalenvironments. GeoParks and other similar movements must be on such nature conservation trends. On the other hand, GeoVandalism includes outcrop destruction by geologists and civil engineering projects in s.s., and environmental destruction in s.l. for
opposing such un-ethical deeds, as such geo-ethical points of view must be claimed much more for nature conservation, naturalpreserve, natural heritage etc. Two geo-ethical programmes are going on (www.iapg.geoethics.org/, www.icog.es/iageth), andspecial issue of Episodes, 2014 Vol. 37 No. 4 (www.episodes.co.in) is published for claiming geohazards in subduction zones.
Our geologists must work for education of the world and citizen by our professionalism (http://tg-ggp.org/). The movements ofso-called geo-something must be discussed in the term of geo-ethics.
Keywords: IUGS, GeoParks, GeoVandalism, GeoEthics, National Park Movement

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MIS23-09

Room:101BTime:May 25 16:30-16:45

Why was Mt. Fuji not nominated for the UNESCO Natural World Heritages?
KOYAMA, Masato1∗
1CIREN, Shizuoka University

The Mount Fuji area, which consists of 25 sites reflecting the essence of the sacred and artistic landscape, was inscribed on
the Cultural World Heritage list of UNESCO in 2013. However, Mount Fuji has outstanding beauty of a solitary stratovolcano,which is well known around the world, and still has many important geomorphological, geological, and biological features inspite of the urbanization of surrounding areas and the existence of many alpinists and hikers. Why was Mt. Fuji not nominatedfor Natural or Mixed World Heritages, but for Cultural World Heritages? This study critically reexamined the records of theworking group, which was established by the Ministry of the Environment of Japan and the Forestry Agency of Japan in 2003
for selecting Natural World Heritage candidates, and reevaluate the value of the Mount Fuji area as a candidate for Natural orMixed World Heritage and also for global geopark.
Keywords: Mt. Fuji, World Heritage, natural heritage, UNESCO, geopark, candidate

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MIS23-10

Room:101B

Time:May 25 16:45-17:00

Proposing to geopark area setting and the satellite geosite, based on the earth scientific
view.
IMURA, Ryusuke1∗
1

Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima Univ.

The area setting of geopark in present Japan is often done by the administrative unit excluding the one that the remote island
etc. can be divided clearly and geographically. Therefore, judging from the aspect of the earth science, an extremely unnaturalarea setting is often done. It is a big problem that should be solved to spread the earth science to a general person.
On the other hand, even if the area is set from an earth science aspect, it besides the area might have to be requested for moredetailed understanding. We want to propose to set the satellite geosite outside a main area in geopark for that.

Keywords: geopark, satellite geosite, earth science

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MIS23-11

Room:101B

Time:May 25 17:00-17:15

The importance of the seamless geostory
HAYASHI, Shintaro1∗
1Akita Univ. Col. Edu.

Geopark is often mistaken for a park of the geological and geomorphological feature. But geopark is a park of Earth. Geopark
has to be the park where the earth can be understood overall. I will present some geostory on Chokai-Tobishima Geopark plan,
Motobu Hanto Geopark plan and Happo-Shirakami Geopark.
Keywords: geopark, geostory, earth science

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MIS23-12

Room:101B

Time:May 25 17:15-17:30

Geopark Studies as a New Applied Geoscientific Discipline
OGATA, Takayuki1∗
1

Faculty of Education, University of the Ryukyus

Geopark requires scientific supports by academic associations and geoscientists. Geoparks in Japan tend to concern only
parts of geological and geographical topics, and rarely understand multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary geoscientific scopes.
Geoscience also requires a method of effective outreach covering multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary topics since geoscientificproblems are characterized as seamless phenomena. Geopark is an effective tool involving multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary
outreach, if scientific and attractive geostories are produced by seamless geoscience. Although many staffs work in geoparks,
they are difficult to understand a seamless geostory because almost all Japanese geoparks are controlled under a local government
system. Academic staffs are also employed in Japanese geoparks, whereas young researchers and communicators seem tolack multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary scopes because of specialized and independent academic communities. The JpGU
geopark session allows science communication among all geoscientific disciplines (space and planetary sciences, atmosphericand hydrospheric sciences, human geosciences, solid earth sciences and biogeosciences) and geoparks. Discussion in this session
leads to geopark studies with academic status, which contributes to both geoparks and geoscience in terms of intersectional
researches, geoscientific education and science communication supported by academic foundations. This session should produce
a framework for geopark studies, linked with sustainability sciences, as a new applied geoscientific discipline.
Keywords: geopark, geoscience, outreach, geoscientific education, science communication, sustainability sciences

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