WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT INDONESIA:
From Weather and Climate Services to Disaster Management
Saparis Soedarjanto1, Ardhasena Sopaheluwakan2, Berton Panjaitan3
1. Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK)
2. Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG)
3. National Disaster Management Authority (BNPB)
4. Contributions from Min. of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR)
Presented at the AOGEO, 3 November 2019, Canberra - Australia

OUTLINE• National report on the platform activity• Weather and climate services• Use of services for water management• Landslide early warning system• Disaster Management in Indonesia• Proposals for capacity development• [Roadmap/strategic way] Contributions

for global agenda• Conclusion

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WEATHER AND CLIMATE SERVICES

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RAINFALL CLIMATOLOGY•

Varies from region to region and in intensity.

•Monsoonal and equatorial type rainfall.

•

Annual intensity ranges from 700mm/year to 5500 mm/year.
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DIGITAL FORECAST

5IMPLEMENTATION OF DIGITAL FORECAST AND AUTOMATIC
PRODUCTION CONCEPTS
Why digital Forecast??
• Automatic production system and dissemination• All products in digital format• Information products nationally integrated• Mass production• Comply with WMO standard• Major inputs for derived‐products for publicand media(TV System, Visumet, Website)

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TYPICAL ORGANIZATION

7USER ORIENTED, MODULAR, INTEGRATED AND
ADDED VALUE ARCHITECTURE

8WEATHER ANALYSIS TOOLSNWP:• IFS 0.5 and 0,125• WRF DY 10 km, 3 km
• WRF DA 10 km• GFS 0.5
• Arpege 0.5 and 1.5• Aladin 0.1 and 0.125• AccessR 0.1

9IMPROVED SERVICED THROUGH DIGITAL FORECAST
PRODUCTION OF SPECIFIC PRODUCT FOR SPECIFIC USERSSample for agriculture

10USING REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR RAINFALL MONITORING:BLENDED INSITU – SATELLITE PRODUCTActivity under the WMO Space-based Weather andClimate Extremes Monitoring Demonstration Project inEast Asia and Western Pacific (SEMDP):• Blended raingauge and satellite product now madeoperationally for the Indonesian region• From 1999 – 2015 using TRMM
• From 2000 – 2019 using GSMAP

11MoEFLANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT FOR FLOOD
HAZARD MITIGATION VIA FOREST AND LANDREHABILITATION PROGRAMMoEF

DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL FOR IDENTIFYING LAND
CHARACTERISTIC PRODUCING RUNOFFRUNOFF VULNERABILITY MAP OF INDONESIAMoEF••

SPATIAL DYNAMIC
MODELCONSIDER VARIOUS
LAND ATTRIBUTES IN
DRIVING RUNOFF: Topographicconfiguration
 Soil Properties
 Vegetation density Depression storageUSE OF SERVICES FOR WATER MANAGEMENT:
SI-WAMISISTEM INFORMASI WATER AVAILABILITY MAIN INTAKESRESEARCH CENTER FOR WATER RESOURCES (PUSAIR – PUPR)

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SIWAMI SETUP

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COVERED BY 7 FEWS-WFLOW MODELS

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WFLOW MODELS
WFlow is a 3 Dimensional,
topographically and physically
based: model concepts are related
to topographical features: elevation,slope, river networks, land-use andsoil type.

WFlow grid

Hydrological concepts inWFlow
Even un-calibrated models
provide realistic results aslong as you respect physics.

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WFLOW HAS BEEN CALIBRATED AT 30 STATIONS IN JAVA,SUMATRA, KALIMANTAN AND SULAWESI19

FLOOD EARLY WARNINGS

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LAND SLIDE EARLY WARNING SYSTEM:BALAI LITBANG SABO - PUPR

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LAND SLIDE EWS

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LAND SLIDE EWSInteractive view based on FEWS Desktop

Sample of dissemination
through WA group

DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA

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HOTSPOTS FOR 17 YEARS IN INDONESIA
Fires in Indonesia(Data covers 1 Jan – 19 September for all years)

Source: University of Maryland and distributed by Nasa Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS)

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Bush and Forest Fires in 2019

Total

Up to 31 October 2019
Riau

Siaga Darurat :(19 Februari 2019 - 31 Oktober 2019)
Luas Terbakar : 75.871 ha (September)- Titik PanasW
B

Tidak Ada Asap
35.2 (Sedang)
8 Heli (5 WB + 1 Patroli + 2 TMC)
163.656.800 liter228.916 kg (TMC)
5.809 Personil

Jambi

Kalimantan Barat

Siaga Darurat :(28 Mei 2019 - 30 Oktober 2019)
Luas Terbakar : 134.227 ha (September)

Siaga Darurat :(1 Juni 2019 - 31 Oktober 2019)
Luas Terbakar : 113.454 ha (September)

36 Titik Panas

134 Titik Panas

107 Titik Panas

Tidak Ada Asap
31 (Sedang)
7 Heli (4 WB + 2 Patroli + 1 TMC)
73.313.832 liter
20.800 kg (TMC)
1.512 Personil

Tidak Ada Asap
111 (Tidak Sehat)
11 Heli (8 WB + 2 Patroli + 1 TMC)
29.186.400 liter2.400 kg (TMC)
10.015 Personil

Tidak Ada Asap
22 (Sedang)
7 Heli (5 WB + 2 Patroli)35.424.100 liter
800 kg (TMC)
1.512 Personil

WBW
B

857.756 ha burnt

Kalimantan Selatan

Kalimantan Tengah

Siaga Darurat :(12 Februari 2019 - 31 Desember 2019)
Luas Terbakar : 127.462 ha (September)

W
B

405.395.732 liter (WB)
294.216 kg (TMC)
29.039 Personnel
Particle PM 2.5

Siaga Darurat :(23 Juli 2019 - 20 Oktober 2019)
Luas Terbakar : 39.638 ha (September): Good: Medium

8 Titik PanasWB

Mt Ungaran
Terbakar

Sumatera Selatan

185 Titik PanasW
B

Asap
148 (Tidak Sehat)
11 Heli (9 WB + 2 Patroli)
87.119.000 liter41.300 kg (TMC)
8.679 Personil: Dangerous: Unhealthy y

Asap
51 (Tidak Sehat)
5 Heli (4 WB + 1 Patroli)
16.575.000 liter6.400 kg (TMC)
1.512 Personil

Siaga Darurat :(8 Maret 2019 - 10 November 2019)
Luas Terbakar : 52.716 ha (September): Very unhhelthy

Mt Petarangan
Padam

Mt Malabar
Padam
Mt Cikuray
Terbakar

Mt Rinjani
Terbakar
No of Hotspots

Mt Sumbing
Terbakar

Mt Arjuno
Padam

Mt Merapi
Padam

Mt Ringgit
Padam

HighlowSource : BNPB (2019)28

PREVENTION FRAMEWORK FOR BUSH AND FOREST FIRES•Involving national and provincial governments in monitoring hotspots•

Implementing claster based actions from coorporates and communities•

Focusing early detection and ffire cease and community empowerement•

Involving coorpotates in empowering the communities about ≤ 3 KM from the concession•

Obligateing the local governments to cease the fire on the open access more ≥ 3 KM fromthe concession•

Monitoring ground water level on the Peatland Hydrological UnitsEMPOWERING THE VILAGERS• Fire Desa Sadar Api (socialization, training and monitoring)• Desa Tangguh Api (joint patrol, outreach and incentives)• Desa Makmur Peduli Api, (land use management, livelihood)

EARLY DETECTIONS AND EARLY FIRE FIGHTINGS• Routine checks onhotspots/firespots• Outreaching the communities
traditionally burn
• Early warning system byusing remote sensing tools• Early detection and early firefightings with maximum 0.2 ha.
• Fire fighter deployed one hour
after detaction• First earlly fire fighting
responded at the laltes 8 hours
after detection

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CHALLENGES RELATED WITH BUSH AND FOREST FIRE
1.

No comprehensive and high level of regulation related tomanagement water and peatland

2.

Less data accuracy of existing, using peatlands

3.

Not easy to implement peatland concession with Peatland
Hydrological Unit concepts

4.

Limited roles of district government

5.

The peatland restoration programs are sustainable

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PROPOSAL OF CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT• Developing capacity for assessment of renewable energy fromearth observation (solar, wind, …).

• Support for earth observation data sharing capabilities withrelevant sectors and agencies (such as data cube).

• Detection of greenhouse gases and pollutants/aerosols fromspace, from urban and volcanic sources

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CONTRIBUTIONS TO GLOBAL AGENDAS

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CONTRIBUTIONS TO GLOBAL AGENDA:
TRACKING LOSSES AND DAMAGES••••The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals,
The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction,
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Paris Agreement,
The Warsaw International Mechanism on Loss and Damage,

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals SDG No.11 andNo.13:
Significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people
affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses
caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus onprotecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations
Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-relatedhazards and natural disasters in all countries

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CONTRIBUTIONS TO GLOBAL AGENDA:
TRACKING LOSSES AND DAMAGES

Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction

The Sendai Framework aims to guide the multi-hazard management of disaster risk in development at all levels as well as
within and across all sectors. The Sendai Framework set several targets to be achieved by 2030, including a substantial
reduction of global disaster mortality, the number of affected people and direct disaster economic loss through, inter alia, theincrease in the availability of and access to multi-hazard early warning systems and disaster risk information and assessments.

The Paris Agreement

Parties recognize the importance of averting, minimizing and addressing loss and damage associated with the adverse effects
of climate change, including extreme weather events and slow onset events, and the role of sustainable development inreducing the risk of loss and damage.

The Warsaw International Mechanism on Loss and Damage

The Warsaw international mechanism on loss and damage associated with impacts of climate change, including extreme
events and slow onset events facilitates and promotes, inter-alia, understanding of and expertise in approaches to address loss
and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change, and the collection, sharing, management and use ofrelevant data and information

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CONTRIBUTIONS TO GLOBAL AGENDA:
TRACKING LOSSES AND DAMAGES• United Nations office for Disaster Risk Reduction,• United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification.

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals SDG No.15:
By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil,
including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, andstrive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world

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CONTRIBUTIONS TO GLOBAL AGENDA:
CHALLENGES IN LOSS AND DAMAGE REPORTING• Standards - National and global statistics significantly suffer from the lack ofinternationally agreed upon definitions and accounting practices for aggregation(downstream, such as data duplication and wrong attribution) and analysis of loss
data which can lead to under/overestimating the total losses• Authoritative and quality assured hydrometeorological event information - Whenimpacts from a hydrometeorological hazard occur in a country, loss and damage
information is recorded and aggregated based on a generally accepted or
standardized national typology of events• Context - In many cases the context of the recorded loss is not accurately associatedin the event/impact attribution analysis (e.g. flood damage could be linked to anumber of underlying factors such as heavy rain, tropical storm, riverine flooding
from upstream heavy rains)
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WMO COMMUNITY CONTRIBUTION:CATALOGUING HAZARDOUS EVENT

Resolution 9 World Meteorological Congress-17 (2015)
Decides to standardize weather, water, climate, space weather and other related
environmental hazard and risk information and develop identifiers for cataloguing
weather, water and climate extreme events;
South-West Pacific (RA-V)
WMO Cataloguing of Hazards
Events Test Phase

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WMO COMMUNITY CONTRIBUTION:CATALOGUING HAZARDOUS EVENT

Weather &Climate(from BMKG)•Layering of extreme event information andloss and damage information will enable
new possibilities for analysis andapplication.

•Provides a platform for building impact
forecast and as well as historical relation
between extreme events – impacts forrisk analysis.

•May be of the interest for insurance
industry.

Manualreporting /Warnings

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WMO COMMUNITY CONTRIBUTION:CATALOGUING HAZARDOUS EVENT

http://puslitbang.bmkg.go.id/extreme-catalogue.html

Loss and Damage:Important for developing
adaptation strategies• In 2018 only: registered more than 1300 rainfall events with‘extreme category (in Indonesia).

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CONCLUSIONS

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CONCLUSIONS
1.

Extended hydrometeorological services exist to support the activities
of sectors sensitive to weather and climate. Earth observation data
are used quite heavily in providing the services.

2.

Challenges exist to increase the information from standardhydrometeorological services into impact based information which
are tailored to the sector’s information.

3.

Indonesia has experienced bush and forest fires these recent years,
and the Government has framed some prevention measures thatare involved the local communities and corporations.

4.

…

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