Journal of Robotics, Networking and Artificial Life
Vol. 7(1); June (2020), pp. 12–15
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/jrnal.k.200512.003; ISSN 2405-9021; eISSN 2352-6386
https://www.atlantis-press.com/journals/jrnal

Research Article

Research of the Control Strategy of VIENNA Rectifier
Circuit based on the Vector Control
Fengzhi Dai1,2,3,*, Yuxuan Zhu1,3, Di Yin1, Yasheng Yuan1
College of Electronic Information and Automation, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300222, China
Department of Technology Development, Tianjin Tianke Intelligent and Manufacture Technology Co. Ltd.,Tianjin, China3Advanced Structural Integrity International Joint Research Centre, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300222, China
12ARTICLE INFOABSTRACTArticle History

This paper analyzes the working principle of VIENNA rectifier and establishes the transformation model of rectifier in threedifferent mathematical coordinate systems. First is to obtain the control structure of the converter, which is a double closed
loop control structure (the voltage is the outer loop control and the current is the inner loop control). By using a feed forward
control strategy to solve the problem of phase-to-phase coupling. By adding the voltage equalization loop and using the midpointbalance algorithm to solve the problem of the voltage imbalance caused by the rectifier under load. Finally, uses MATLAB tobuild the model, simulates and verifies the established model system.

Received 25 October 2019
Accepted 19 February 2020
Keywords
VIENNA rectifiermodel systems
voltage imbalance
simulate
working principle© 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL.
This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

1. INTRODUCTION
Power electronic devices can be seen everywhere in our life.
AC–DC rectifiers are common. Most rectifying devices adopt traditional rectifying methods, such as non-controlled rectifying circuit with diode and semi-controlled rectifying circuit with thyristor[1]. These topology structures generally have some shortcomings
such as high current harmonics and low power factor. Due to thenon-linear rectifying characteristics of rectifiers, a large numberof harmonics and reactive power are injected into the power grid,causing serious interference to the power grid environment andreducing the power factor.
Therefore, how to solve the problem of harmonic and reactive power
has attracted people’s attention. Reducing harmonic pollution to thegrid environment is what every engineer and government want todo, so many industry standards have been developed. The mostwidely used are the ieee519-1992, iec555-2 and iec1000-3-2.
The application of PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) technology
to control the rectifier makes the rectifier control simple and hasexcellent performance. At the same time the power grid side current sine and voltage in phase to ensure that the equipment in theunit power factor operation. VIENNA rectifier has two level relatives to the rectifier, the VIENNA rectifier output level increases
in the number. Therefore, under the same bus bar voltage, theperformance of low switch voltage stress, high power factor, low
input current harmonics, high reliability, good features, make it
become the hot research topic for the rectifier. Since the merits ofCorresponding author. Email: daifz@tust.edu.cn*

the control strategy determines the performance of the rectifier, theVIENNA rectifier control strategy research has the important valueof engineering application [2].

2. WORKING PRINCIPLE
The VIENNA rectifier is shown in Figure 1 with three-phase symmetrical AC input power supply and equivalent inductance on ACside. It plays the role of energy transfer in the rectifier, and can effectively suppress the high-order harmonics generated in the switching process and balance the voltage of each bridge arm and the grid
input voltage. The capacitor on the output side of the DC bus with
two identical parameters constitutes the tri-level structure. The rectifier has two fast recovery power diodes per bridge arm, so the rectifier needs six fast recovery power diodes. The rectifier also has threesets of bi-directional power switches. Because of the existence of themiddle line, the three phases are independent of each other, and eachphase can form an independent single-phase tri-level structure. In
this paper, the three-phase three-wire topology is studied.

3. MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF
VIENNA RECTIFIER
3.1. Mathematical Model in Three-phase
Coordinate SystemIn order to achieve the best control performance, the circuit needs to be idealized. In the process of establishing theF. Dai et al. / Journal of Robotics, Networking and Artificial Life 7(1) 12–15

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Figure 3 | Clark transformation matrix.

Figure 1 | VIENNA circuit structure schematic diagram.

Figure 4 | The ab-dq simulation model.

3.2. Mathematical Model in Two-phase
Coordinate System

Figure 2 | VIENNA circuit diagram.

mathematical model of VIENNA rectifier, the following assumptions are made [3]:(1) the sinusoidal voltage waveform of the three-phase AC input
side of the rectifier is symmetrical;(2) the power switching devices in the analyzed system are all set
as ideal components;(3) the switching frequency of the rectifier is much higher than
the fundamental frequency of the AC input side;(4) the upper and lower capacitance parameters of the DC bus
side are the same.
Redefine the switching function, and set Sj (j = a, b, c) as the J phasefunction. The equivalent circuit diagram is shown in Figure 2.
In order to meet the three-phase power grid voltage symmetry,the mathematical model expression of the VIENNA rectifier inthe ABC three-phase stationary coordinate system is obtained. Itis known that the VIENNA rectifier is a multivariable, stronglycoupled, high-order nonlinear system. The state equation ofVIENNA circuit in the three-phase AC coordinate system can be
expressed as:			 Zdy
= AX + BV dx(1)

The system is not easy to be controlled and the calculation is difficult. In order to simplify the control structure of the system,
the coordinate transformation is carried out to obtain the synchronous rotating coordinate system. In this coordinate system,
it is easy to calculate the direct flow. Let d-axis in d − q coordinate system and a axis in ABC three-phase coordinate system bein the same direction, so the included angle is 0. The transformation of coordinate system is divided into two stages: (1) thetransformation of ABC-ab coordinates. (2) the ab-dq coordinatetransformation. Figure 3 shows the transformation matrix fromthe three-phase AC static coordinate system to the two-phase AC
static coordinate system [4].
The ABC-ab transformation can be expressed as:
1
1 −
2
2		 T3s/2s = 3 30
21 2 3 − 2 −(2)3.3. Mathematical Model in d − qCoordinate System
The ab-dq transformation can be expressed as: sinwt −coswt
T2s /2r = 		  coswt sinwt In the formula, wt is the output phase.
The ab-dq simulation model is shown in Figure 4.

(3)

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4. SYSTEM SIMULATION OF
VIENNA RECTIFIER

a4.1. Open-loop Simulation ofVIENNA Rectifier
In the process of designing the open loop control system, thesystem controller and the controlled object should be considered. The controller generates the control signal to the controlled object to achieve the expected function. The open-loopsystem is a relatively basic control system. First, the open-loop
circuit of VIENNA rectifier is built to verify the feasibility andanti-­interference ability of the system, so as to draw the difference between open-loop control system and closed-loop controlsystem. As can be seen from Figure 5a and 5b, stable voltage andcurrent output can be achieved when there is no interference inthe system. When there is interference in the system, the outputof the open-loop system with sudden load reduction has a distinct jump, and there is no way to restore to the set value, so theanti-disturbance ability of the open-loop system is poor.

bFigure 6 | (a) DC side voltage waveform. (b) The steady-state waveform.

4.2. Closed-loop Simulation ofVIENNA RectifieraThe control scheme is verified by simulation and experiment. As
long as the control parameters are calculated correctly, the circuit
performance can meet the specified requirements.
Simulation parameters of the main circuit system are as follows:
switching frequency fs = 10 KHz; Inductance value La = Lb = Lc =10 mH; Stabilized voltage filter capacitor C1 = C2 = 2200 μF.
Figure 6a and 6b are respectively the DC side voltage simulation
waveform and the three-phase input voltage and input currentbab

Figure 7 | (a) Output voltage waveform applied by load. (b) Output
capacitance voltage waveform applied by load.

simulation waveform of the VIENNA rectifier in steady-state
operation. The AC input voltage Va = Vb = Vc = 220 V, rectifier at full load, load impedance load for R = 72 Ohms, VDC+ =VDC− = 425 V.

4.3. Simulation of Mutation Load
Figure 5 | (a) VIENNA rectifier open-loop steady state voltage (upper)and current output (lower). (b) Perturbation in an open-loop system.

In order to verify the reliability of the system and the ability to suppress the load variation, the simulation of load abrupt addition andabrupt subtraction was carried out in the built simulation model,

F. Dai et al. / Journal of Robotics, Networking and Artificial Life 7(1) 12–15

and the waveform change of voltage and current on the AC sideand voltage on the DC side was observed (Figure 7a and 7b).

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This research is partly supported by the Project of Tianjin Enterprise
Science and Technology Commissioner to Tianjin Tianke Intelligent
and Manufacture Technology Co., Ltd (19JCTPJC53700). It is also
supported by the Industry-University Cooperation and Education
Project (201802286009) from Ministry of Education, China.

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REFERENCES[1][2][3][4]

J.W. Kolar, T. Friedli, The essence of three-phase PFC rectifier systems—Part I, IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 28 (2013),
176–198.
T. Soeiro, T. Friedli, J.W. Kolar, Three-phase high power factor
mains interface concepts for electric vehicle battery charging
systems, 2012 Twenty-Seventh Annual IEEE Applied PowerElectronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), IEEE, Orlando,FL, USA, 2012, pp. 2603–2610.
M. Li, X. Wu, S. Huang, G. Liang, Model predictive direct power
control using optimal section selection for PWM rectifier with
reduced calculation burden, Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 116(2020), 105552.
A. Osborne, Dynapower’s multiunit rectifier controller consolidates power controls, Prod. Finish. 84 (2019), 32–39.

AUTHORS INTRODUCTION
Dr. Fengzhi Dai

Ms. Di Yin
He received an M.E. and Doctor ofEngineering (PhD) from the Beijing Instituteof Technology, China in 1998 and Oita
University, Japan in 2004 respectively. His
main research interests are artificial intelligence, pattern recognition and robotics.

She is a second-year master candidate
in Tianjin University of Science andTechnology, majoring in brain-computerinterface, machine learning.

He worked in National Institute ofTechnology, Matsue College, Japan from2003 to 2009. Since October 2009, he has been the staff inTianjin University of Science and Technology, China, where heis currently an associate Professor of the College of Electronic
Information and Automation.

Ms. Yuxuan Zhu

Mr. Yasheng Yuan
She is a second-year master candidate
in Tianjin University of Science andTechnology. Her research area is aboutmachine learning, big data analysis.

He is a second-year master candidate
in Tianjin University of Science andTechnology. His research area is about
deep learning, Internet of things.