Science and Gender inChinese University on 21Century
About case studies on Peking University andTsingfua University
Naoki Yamaguchi (China ,Peking University
Center for Social Studies of Science)Content
1,Introduction-antecedent Resaerch about
Science and Gender on China
2,Historical Background about Peking Universityand Tsinghua University
3,The data about proportion of women inThis University
4,The analysis about this Data
5,Raise Problem

1

Introduction• There are still few studies about science andgender on China.
• I will want to introduce some this studies.

Peking University• Peking University, the former Jing Shi Da Xue
Tang(the Metropolitan University) of the Qing
Dynasty, opened in December 1898. The
Metropolitan University was then not only the mostprestigious institution of higher learning but also thehighest administrative organization of education inChina. In May 1912, the Metropolitan University wasrenamed "Peking University".

2• In 1917, its presidency was taken up by Mr.Cai
Yuanpei, an outstanding scientist, educationist anddemocratic revolutionary, who played an active rolein the reform and development of the university. By
1919, the university developed into the country'slargest institution of higher learning, with 14
departments and an enrollment of more than 2,000
students.

• During the War of Resistance Against Japan, Peking
University moved to Kunming, a city in Yunnan
Province, together with Tsinghua University andNankai University, formed the National Southwestern
Associated University. In 1946, after the victory ofthe war, Peking University moved back to Beiping(then the name of Beijing). At that time, the university
comprised six schools (Arts, Science, Law, Medicine,
Engineering and Agriculture), and a research
institute for the humanities. The total enrollment ofstudent grew to 3,000.

3• After the founding of the People's Republic of China,the government carried out, in 1952, a nationwide
readjustment of colleges and universities with theaim to promote higher education and quicken the
training of personnel with specialized knowledge andskill by pooling the country's manpower and material
resourses. After the readjustment, Peking University
became a university comprising departments of bothliberal Arts and Sciences and emphasizing theteaching and research of basic sciences.

• By 1962, the total enrollment grew to 10,671
undergraduate students and 280 graduate
students. Since 1949, Peking University has
trained for the country 73,000 undergraduatesand specialty students, 10,000 postgraduatesand 20,000 adult-education students, andmany of them have become the backbones on
all fronts in China.

4Tsinghua University• Tsinghua University was established in 1911
originally as "Tsinghua Xuetang," a preparatory
school for students who would be sent by thegovernment to study in universities in the UnitedStates. The school was renamed "Tsinghua
School" in 1912. The university section wasinstituted in 1925 and undergraduate students
were then enrolled. The name "National Tsinghua
University" was adopted in 1928, and in 1929 theResearch Institute was set up.

• Although Western culture was pervasive in the early
history of the university, Chinese culture were alsocherished and widely studied. The faculty greatlyvalued the interaction between the Chinese andWestern cultures, the sciences and humanities, theancient and modern. Tsinghua scholars Wang
Guowei, Liang Qichao, Chen Yinque and Zhao
Yuanren, renowned as the "Four Tutors" in theInstitute of Chinese Classics, advocated this belief
and had a profound impact on Tsinghua's later
development.

5• The Resistance War against the Japanese Invasionin 1937 shattered the campus' serenity and forced
Tsinghua to move to Kunming and join with Peking
University and Nankai University to form the"Southwest Associated University." Despite thetumult, hardships and material scarcity brought on by
the war, the teachers and students persisted with
their work and studies, achieving outstanding
academic performance even under such difficultconditions. After the war, in 1946, the university wasmoved back to its original location in Beijing.

• After the founding of the People's Republic of China,
the university was molded into a polytechnic
institution focusing on engineering in the nationwide
restructuring of universities and colleges undertakenin 1952. In November 1952, Jiang Nanxiang became
the president of the university. He sought to best way
to promote Chinese higher education and madesignificant contributions in redirecting Tsinghua to
become the national center for training engineers
and scientists with both professional proficiency andpersonal integrity.

6• Tsinghua has flourished since 1978, with the reestablishment of the departments in sciences,economics and management, and the humanities.
The Tsinghua graduate school has been recognizednationally, ranking first in the National Evaluation ofGraduate Schools. The School of Continuing
Education makes the best use of modern informationtechnologies, as well as the advanced educational
resources at Tsinghua.

• Currently, the university consists of 44 departments
distributed in 11 schools, including the schools ofsciences, architecture, civil engineering, mechanicalengineering, information science and technology,
humanities and social sciences, economics andmanagement, law, arts and design, public policy andmanagement, and applied technology. A medical
school is currently being established. Tsinghua isdeveloping into a comprehensive university at abreathtaking pace.

7• This two University are obviously
representative University on China.
• So, I want to introduce the data about
proportion of women in this two University.

the data about proportion of womenin this two University• Ｐｅｋｉｎｇ Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ（２００６）
45
40
35
3025

percentage
3-D 縦棒 2
3-D 縦棒 3

20
15
1050

mathmatics

physics

chemistry

biology8• Ｐｅｃｋｉｎｇ Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ（２００６）
70
60
50
40

percentage
3-D 縦棒 2
3-D 縦棒 330
20100earthscienceenveroment psycology

newspaper• Ｐｅｃｋｉｎｇ Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ（２００６）
7060
50
40

percentage
3-D 縦棒 2
3-D 縦棒 330
20100chinesehistory

philosophy internatinal
relation

9

60
5040
3-D 縦棒 1
3-D 縦棒 2
3-D 縦棒 3

30
20
100

medicineengineering manegement economics

Tsinghua University(2006)
80
70
6050
percentage
3-D 縦棒 2
3-D 縦棒 3

40
30
20
100

newspaperhumanscienceeconomics archtecture

10

60
50
40
percentage
3-D 縦棒 2
3-D 縦棒 3

30
20
100

biologyenviroment

chemistry

automobile

35
30
2520

percentage
3-D 縦棒 2
3-D 縦棒 3

15
1050

civil

aviation

physics

caluculate11• I want to collect the data of recentyears, analyze this data from comparative
viewpoint .

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