The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist ForumControlled Growth of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene
Hiroki Ago
Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology (JST), Japan（ago@cm.kyushu-u.ac.jp）
Recently, nanocarbon materials have attracted a great interest, because of their unique structure andpromising properties.

In particular, nanoelectronics applications are expected for single-walled carbon

nanotubes (SWNTs) and graphene, but difficulties in controlling their structure (chirality, length/width,and edge structures) and assembly on a substrate prevent from the applications. We have studied
catalytic growth of nanotubes and graphene on single crystal substrates, such as sapphire ( -Al2O3) and
MgO, to control their structures.
1. Horizontally-aligned SWNTs
We found horizontally-aligned SWNT growth on a- and r-plane sapphire substrates [1]. The SWNT
growth was visualized using 12C-13C isotopes, and we observed a base-growth mode for the aligned
nanotubes [2].

This indicates the importance of SWNT-sapphire interaction.

We also observed

interesting phenomenon, such as unidirectional growth [3], orthogonal growth, and bending at artificial
steps created on the sapphire surface [4].

Furthermore, we found interesting crystalline planedependence of chiral angle of aligned nanotubes; growth of near armchair tubes on r-plane, while near
zigzag tubes were mainly observed on a-plane [5]. Our result suggests the possibility of controlling
nanotube structure based on epitaxial interaction with the underneath single crystalline substrates.
2. Square and triangular graphene
The CVD growth of graphene films has been reported very recently, but most of the works utilized
polycrystalline metal films as catalyst.

The polycrystalline nature of the catalyst deteriorates the qualityof graphene films, because it leads to small domain size with many domain boundaries. We havestudied the growth of graphene on epitaxial metal catalyst deposited on single crystal MgO substrates.
By using a unique polymer-decomposition method, we obtained micro-scale square and triangulargraphene films preferentially formed inside pits of the metal catalyst [6].
the transferred square graphene were demonstrated.

Field-effect transistors using

Finally, our recent development of large areagraphene synthesis will be also demonstrated.
References
1.

H. Ago, K. Nakamura, K. Ikeda, N. Uehara, N. Ishigami, M. Tsuji, Chem. Phys. Lett,. 408, 433 (2005).

2.

H. Ago, N. Ishigami, N. Yoshihara, K. Imamoto, K. Ikeda, M. Tsuji, T. Ikuta, K. Takahashi, J. Phys. Chem. C, 112,1735 (2008).

3.

N. Ishigami, H. Ago, T. Nishi, K. Ikeda, M. Tsuji, T. Ikuta, K. Takahashi, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130, 17264 (2008).

4.

H. Ago, K. Imamoto, T. Nishi, M. Tsuji, T. Ikuta, K. Takahashi, J. Phys. Chem. C, 113, 13121 (2009).

5.

N. Ishigami, H. Ago, K. Imamoto, M. Tsuji, K. Iakoubovskii, N. Minami, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130, 9918 (2008).

6.

H. Ago, I. Tanaka, M. Tsuji, K. Ikeda, Small, submitted.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum
Dr. Hiroki Ago was born in Shimane, Japan, in 1968. He received his B.
S. from Osaka University, and M S. degrees in Molecular Engineeringfrom Kyoto University, Japan, in 1991 and 1994, respectively.

He

received Ph. D. degree of Engineering from Kyoto University in 1997.
He then spent one and half year as a visiting researcher in Prof. R. H.
Friend’s group of Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, UK. In
1999, he moved to National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science andTechnology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan as a research staff. In 2003, hebecame an Associate Professor of Institute for Materials Chemistry andEngineering of Kyushu University. His research focuses on the growth mechanism and controlled
synthesis of carbon nanomaterials, nanotubes and graphene, as well as their electronic application.
His group found horizontal alignment of single-walled carbon nanotubes on sapphire in 2005. He
has published over 70 peer reviewed journal articles.

Dr. Ago has received several honors

including the Iijima Award from the Fullerene-Nanotube Research Society of Japan, Young
Scientist Award from the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT),
Japan.
Email: ago@cm.kyushu-u.ac.jp
Tel: +81-92-583-7817
Selective Publications
1.
H. Ago*, I. Tanaka, C. M. Orofeo, M. Tsuji, Patterned growth of graphene over epitaxial
catalyst, Small, in press.
2.

N. Ishigami, H. Ago *, T. Nishi, K. Ikeda, M. Tsuji, T. Ikuta, K. Takahashi, Unidirectional
growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130, 17264 (2008).

3.

N. Ishigami, H. Ago,* K. Imamoto, M. Tsuji, K. Iakoubovskii, N. Minami, Crystal planedependent growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes on sapphire, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
130, 9918 (2008).

4.

H. Ago,* K. Nakamua, K. Ikeda, N. Uehara, N. Ishigami, M. Tsuji, Aligned growth ofisolated single-walled carbon nanotubes programmed by atomic arrangement of substratesurface, Chem. Phys. Lett., 408, 433 (2005).

5.

K. Tsukagoshi, B. W. Alphenaar,* H. Ago, Coherent transport of electron spin in aferromagnetically contacted carbon nanotube, Nature, 401, 572 (1999).

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum
Super-Growth Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Mass Production, andApplications
Don N. Futaba
Nanotube Research Center, AIST, Central 5, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
While the remarkable physical and mechanical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNT) have inspired numerous potential applications from high-performance computer chips,
reinforced materials, sensors, to drug delivery devices the development of carbon nanotube (CNT)
technology (and consequently a CNT-based industry) is reliant upon the availability of CNTs. To realize
this, not only is an efficient and pure process necessary, scalability is essential. Water-assisted chemical
vapor deposition (Super-growth CVD) method [1] has become popular in efficiently synthesizing tall,vertically aligned forests with exceptional properties, such as high purity, high surface area, long length,
and alignment.
This presentation will provide an overview of our recent progress in the synthesis and application of
millimeter-scale, vertically-aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes using Super-growth CVD. First, after
providing a brief introduction to the Super-Growth concept, I will discuss some results of our
fundamental studies of the mechanism and generality of Super-growth [2-4]. Second, I will present ourefforts for industrial-scale SWNT mass production, and third, I will present some applications wecurrently investigating.
References
1.
2.

3.

4.

K. Hata, D. N. Futaba, K. Mizuno, T. Namai, M. Yumura, S. Iijima, Water-assisted highly efficientsynthesis of impurity-free single-walled carbon nanotubes. Science 2004, 306, 1362.
T. Yamada, A. Maigne, M. Yudasaka, K. Mizuno, D. N. Futaba, M. Yumura, S. Iijima, K. Hata,
Revealing the secret of water-assisted carbon nanotube synthesis by microscopic observation of theinteraction of water on the catalysts. Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 4288.
D. N. Futaba, J. Goto, S. Yasuda, T. Yamada, M. Yumura, K. Hata, Expanding the World of Carbon
Nanotube Synthesis by General Rules Governing Highly Efficient Growth. Adv. Mater. (DOI:
10.1002/adma).
D. N. Futaba, J. Goto, S. Yasuda, T. Yamada, M. Yumura, K. Hata,A Background Level of
Oxygen-Containing Aromatics for Synthetic Control of Carbon Nanotube Structure. J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 2009, 131, 15992.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum
Dr. Don Futaba was born in California, USA, in 1969. He received his
B.S. degree in physics from the University of California, Berkeley, and
his Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, Davis. After
spending two years as a post-doctoral researcher at Hokkaido
University studying ultrafast surface processes, he spend two years at
the Nanocarbon Research Center, AIST, Japan where he changed
research topics and investigated carbon nanotube synthesis andco-invented

water-assisted

chemicalvapor

deposition

method(“Super-growth”). Currently, he is a senior research scientist in the Nanotube Research Center,
AIST where his research has focused on the fundamental understanding of super-growth, thetechnology development for large scale single-walled carbon nanotube synthesis, and thedevelopment and understanding of CNT physiochemical and structural properties.
Email: d-futaba@aist.go.jp
Selective Publications
1.
D.N. Futaba*, K. Hata*, K. Mizuno, T. Namai, M. Yumura, and S. Iijima, “Water-Assisted
Highly Efficient Synthesis of Impurity-Free Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes”, Science, 306
pp. 1362-1364 (2004). * (Co-first authors)
2.

D.N. Futaba, K. Hata, T. Yamada, K. Mizuno, T. Namai, M. Yumura, and S. Iijima,“Kinetics of Water-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition Revealed by a Time Evolution
Analysis”, Phys. Rev. Lett., 95, pp. 056104-056107 (2005).

3.

D.N. Futaba, K. Hata, T. Yamada, T. Hiraoka, Y. Hayamizu, Y. Kakudate, O. Tanaike, H.
Hatori, M. Yumura, and S. Iijima, “Shape-engineerable and high-densely packed
single-walled carbon nanotubes and their applications as super capacitor electrodes”,
Nature Materials, 5, pp. 987-994 (2006).

4.

Don N. Futaba, Koji Miyake, Kazuhiro Murata, Yuhei Hayamizu, Takeo Yamada, Shinya
Sasaki, Motoo Yumura, and Kenji Hata, “Dual Porosity Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube
Material,” Nano Letters, 9 (9), 3302-3307 (2009).

5.

Don N. Futaba, Jundai Goto, Satoshi Yasuda, Takeo Yamada, Motoo Yumura, and KenjiHata, “A Background Level of Oxygen-Containing Aromatics for Synthetic Control of
Carbon Nanotube Structure,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131, 15992–15993 (2009).

6.

Don N. Futaba, Jundai Goto, Satoshi Yasuda, Takeo Yamada, Motoo Yumura, and KenjiHata, “General Rules Governing the Highly Efficient Growth of Carbon Nanotubes,”
Advanced Materials, 21 (47), 4811-4815 (2009).

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum

Large Scale and Controllable Production of Carbon Nanotubes by
Fluidized Bed-Chemical Vapor Deposition
Wei-zhong Qian*, Fei Wei
Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084,China
Chemical vapor deposition(CVD) has been developed as one of the most effective methods to produce
carbon nanotubes to this date. Fluidized bed-CVD has the advantage of large reactor volume to offer
sufficient space with uniform mass and heat transfer condition, which is crucial to the growth of carbon
nanotubes in large quantities. Here, I will summarize the key point of fluidized bed CVD.
One, any suspended particles can be disposed continuously in fluidized bed, which allows the fluidized
bed suitable for the production of many kinds of carbon nanotubes, whether grown on the micron-sized
agglomerate catalyst particles, or on the surface of millimeter-sized ceramic spheres, as well as on thelayered metal oxides. Thus fluidized bed- CVD is suitable for the mass production of agglomerate carbon
nanotubes and the millimeter long vertically aligned carbon nanotube array.
Second, the temperature shift two-stage fluidized bed offers an unique operation of catalyst in different
temperature zones in different positions, and is effective to tailor the catalyst activity for a high yieldproduction of carbon nanotubes in high temperature.
Third, the coupled down reactor and turbulent fluidized bed reactor is effective to control the balanceof catalyst reduction and carbon deposition, and to utilize the maximal activity of the catalyst in the
production of high quality of single or double walled carbon nanotubes.
Keywords：Carbon Nanotubes; Fluidized Bed; Chemical Vapor Deposition.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum
Dr. Weizhong Qian was born in Shanxi, P. R. China, in 1971. Hereceived his B. S. degree in Chemical Engineering from Beijing
Institute of Technology in 1992, and M S. degree in Chemical
Engineering from Beijing Institute of Clothing Technology in 1999,
respectively, and his Ph. D. degree in Chemical Engineering from
Tsinghua University, P. R. China, in 2002. He has four year experience
worked in a Fine Chemical Factory from 1992 to 1996. And now he isan Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering of Tsinghua University
P. R. China. And he worked, as a visiting associate professor, in
Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Cornell University, USA from Feb, 2008 to
August, 2008. Dr. Qian has published over 80 peer reviewed journal articles. His research focuseson the controlled and bulk synthesis of carbon nano-materials, including: catalyst design for
multiwalled carbon nanotube with 500 t/a capacity and carbon nanotube array with 3 kg/h
capcaity; process intensification to prepare carbon nanotube in high yield, high purity and highselectivity; the cross-scale growth mechanism of carbon nanotube array; Controlled synthesis of
10-20 cm long single-, double- and triple-walled carbon nanotubes with the growth rate up to 80-90
micron/s; Controlled synthesis of long tube with 35 mm uniformity in their chiral angle and (n,m)
index. Dr. Qian has received the 2nd grade of the National Science and technology Progress Awardin 2008 and the “Excellent Young Scientist” award of Chinese Particuology Society in 2008.
Email: qianwz@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
Tel:86-10-62788984
Selective Publications
1. Liu Y, Qian WZ*, Zhang Q, Cao AY, Li ZF, Zhou WP, Ma Y, Wei F. Hierarchicalagglomerates of carbon nanotubes as high-pressure cushions. Nano Lett. 2008;8(5):1323-7.
2. Wen Q, Qian WZ*, NIe JQ, Cao AY, Wei F*. 100 mm long, Semiconducting,
Triple-walled Carbon Nanotubes. Adv. Mater. 2010. DOI:/10.1002/adma.200902746.
3. Xiang R, Luo GH, QianWZ* ， Zhang Q, Wang Y, Wei F* Richard Li ， Cao AY..
Encapsulation, compensation, and substitution of catalyst particles during continuous
growth of carbon nanotubes. Adv. Mater. 2007; 19(17), 2360-2363.
4. Wen Q, Zhang, RF, Qian WZ*, Wei F* et al. Growing 20 cm long DWNTs/TWNTs at a
rapid growth rate of 80~90 µm/s. Chem. Mater. 2010; 22 (4), 1297–1308.
5. Qian WZ*, Tian T, Guo CY, Wen Q, Li KJ, Zhang HB, Wei F, et al. Enhanced activationand decomposition of CH4 by the addition of C2H4 or C2H2 for hydrogen and carbon
nanotube production. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008;112(20):7588-93.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist ForumControlled and Scalable CVD Growth of Drawable Carbon
Nanotube Arrays and Its Applications
Qingwen Li, Zhenzhong Yong, Minghai Chen
Division of Nanodevices and Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nanobionics, Chinese
Academy of Science, Suzhou 215125
Drawable carbon nanotube arrays show great promise in preparing flexible and transparent thinfilms and new-generation of strong and lightweight carbon-based fibers by ways of “bottom-up”
assembly approaches. It also helps open up more opportunities for the facile fabrication of carbon
nanotube based electronic and optoelectronic devices. In the report, I will show our recent progressin the controlled growth of spinnable carbon nanotube arrays by both acetylene CVD and ethylene
CVD. The effects of catalyst composition, agglomeration upon annealing and carbon sources on thespinnability and carbon nanotube structure properties of the arrays were symmetrically investigated.
The growth mechanism of drawable arrays was proposed. By understanding the growth process, wehave successfully achieved the scalable growth of spinnbale arrays on 4 inch wafers using the twokinds of hydrocarbons under atmosphere. Moreover, in our group, the drawable arrays have been
continuously spun into strong and functional carbon nanotube fibers. And also it has been pulled toprepare flexible, transparent and conducting thin films. The mechanical and electrical properties ofthe fibers and films from the two kinds of hydrocarbons were comparatively studied.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum
Dr. Qingwen Li got her B.S. in chemistry in1987 from Xinjiang
University(china), M.S. and PhD in physical chemistry in 1990 and 2000
from Shandong University and Tsinghua University , respectively. She has
been doing carbon nanotube research since 2000, whose interests include
carbon nanotube controllable preparation, surface modification, property
characterization and application development. She once worked with prof.
Alan Windle in University of Cambridge from May 2003 to Jan 2005 on
carbon nanotube dispersion and organization, and Dr. Y. T. Zhu at Los
Alamos national laboratory from March 2005 to Dec. 2007 on controllably
growing ultralong carbon nanotube arrays and spinning strong carbon nanotube fibers. She hasrich experience in the synthesis and organization of carbon nanotubes. Dr. Li joined Suzhou
institute of Nanotech and Nanobionics at the end of 2007, as a professor of “hundred talentproject” supported by Chinese Academy of Science. Her current research focuses on controlled
synthesis of low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials and their applications. She has published over
50 peer reviewed journal articles and applied 5 American and 6 Chinese patents. Dr. Li has won
the Nano 50TM and Micro 25 awards in 2007 (US) and also award of excellence by Los Alamos
National lab.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum

Simple Separation of Metallic and Semiconducting Carbon
Nanotubes Using Agarose Gel
Takeshi Tanaka1 and Hiromichi Kataura1,2
1

Nanotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
2

JST, CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan

Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have attracted a great deal of attention towards versatile
applications, especially in the field of electronics, such as flexible transistor and transparent conducting
film. However, electrical heterogeneity of as-produced SWCNTs (metal/semiconductor) is one of themost crucial problems preventing useful application of SWCNTs. Here, we show novel separation
methods of metallic and semiconducting SWCNTs (MS separation) using agarose gel1-3. WhenSWCNTs/SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) dispersion and agarose were mixed and gelled, semiconducting
SWCNTs were selectively trapped in the gel. While metallic SWCNTs could be recovered byelectrophoresis1 or freeze, thaw and squeeze method2, (Fig. A and B). We also succeed in developing
simpler MS separation method using a column3 (Fig. C). This column separation produced gel freesemiconducting SWCNT solution, and the column could be used for repeated separation. Because thiscontinuous and repeatable separation method can be applied to a low-cost and large-scale process, it isexpected that industrial production of metallic and semiconducting SWCNTs can be realized.
This study waspartly supported by theindustrial technology
research grant programof the New Energy andIndustrial Technology
Development
Organization (NEDO)
of Japan.

References
1. Tanaka et al., Appl.
Phys. Express 2008, 1,114001.
2. Tanaka et al., Nano
Lett. 2009, 9, 1497
3. Tanaka et al., Appl.
Phys. Express 2009, 2,125002.

Figure: MS separation using agarose gel. (A) Electrophoresis. (B) Freeze, thaw andsqueeze method. (C) Column chromatographic method.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum
Dr. Takeshi Tanaka was born in Osaka, Japan, in 1973. He received his B. S.
and M. S. degrees in Biology from Osaka University, Japan, in 1997 and
1999, respectively, and his Ph. D. degree in Biology from Kyoto University,
in 2002. He then spent less than three years as a postdoctoral fellow in Prof.
Tadayuki Imanaka’s lab at Kyoto University, Japan and Prof. Shinsuke
Fujiwara’s lab at Kwansei Gakuin University, Japan. And now he is a seniorresearcher of National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science andTechnology (AIST), Japan. Dr. Tanaka has published over 20 peer reviewed
journal articles. His research focuses on the separation of carbon nanotubes using biologicalseparation technique, including: metal/semiconductor separation; and structure separation ofcarbon nanotubes. Dr. Tanaka has received Best Poster Award (International Conference on
Thermophiles) in 2003, Poster Award (the Ninth International Conference on the Science andApplication of Nanotubes) in 2008 and 5th Iijima Award (The Fullerenes and Nanotubes ResearchSociety, Japan) in 2009.
Email: tanaka-t@aist.go.jp
Tel: +81-29-861-2903
Selective Publications
T Tanaka*, Y Urabe, D Nishide and H Kataura, Continuous Separation of Metallic and1.
Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes Using Agarose Gel, Appl. Phys. Express 2 (2009),
125002-1-3.
2.

T Tanaka*, H Jin, Y Miyata, S Fujii, H Suga, Y Naitoh, T Minari, T Miyadera, K
Tsukagoshi and H Kataura, Simple and Scalable Gel-Based Separation of Metallic and
Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes, Nano Lett. 9 (2009) 1497-1500.

3.

T Tanaka*, H Jin, Y Miyata and H Kataura, High Yield Separation of Metallic and
Semiconducting Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Appl. Phys.
Express 1 (2008) 114001-1-3.

4.

Y Kikkawa*, H Tokuhisa, H Shingai, T Hiraishi, H Houjou, M Kanesato, T Imanaka and T
Tanaka*, Interaction Force of Chitin-Binding Domains onto Chitin Surface,
Biomacromolecules 9 (2008) pp. 2126-2131.

5.

T Tanaka, T Fukui, S Fujiwara, H Atomi and T Imanaka*, Concerted action ofdiacetylchitobiose deacetylase and exo-beta-D-glucosaminidase in a novel chitinolytic
pathway in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakaraensis KOD1, J. Biol.
Chem. 279 (2004) pp. 30021-30027.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum

Separation of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes
Yutaka Maeda
Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University(ymaeda@u-gakugei.ac.jp)

Many potential applications of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been strongly expected
because of their excellent mechanical and electrical properties. The SWNTs are typically grown asbundles of metallic and semiconducting tubes. This is a great hindrance to their widespread applications.
We have developed convenient separation methods in a simple way.
A typical procedure for the separation of metallic SWNTs (m-SWNTs) is as follows: SWNTs wasadded to a tetrahydrofuran solution containing an amine. The mixture was sonicated and thencentrifugated. When SWNTs in THF were treated with 1-octylamine, a black-colored transparent
supernatant solution was obtained. Interestingly, selective extraction of m-SWNTs was achieved underthe extraction conditions. The efficiency of the selective extraction depends on the structure andconcentration of an amine used.1 Selective destruction of m-SWNTs was achieved when a randomly
networked SWNT film consisted of m-SWNTs and semiconducting SWNTs (s-SWNTs) was irradiatedwith a microwave. This seems capable of destroying m-SWNTs, however, because of the strong
aggregation of SWNT bundles comprising both m-SWNTs and s-SWNTs, the incomplete removal of
m-SWNTs, and damage to s-SWNTs neighboring heated m-SWNTs during irradiation are unavoidable. A
facile technique combining microwave irradiation with mixed-acid-assisted dispersion has proven to bean efficient method for enrichment of s-SWNTs. Using this technique, electronic type- anddiameter-dependent separation of SWNTs were simultaneously achieved. Under mild and controlled
experimental conditions, m-SWNTs and smaller s-SWNTs were preferentially removed, yielding purely
diameter distribution-narrowed s-SWNTs.2
References
1. J. Phys. Chem. B, 108, 18395 (2004).；J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 10287 (2005).；J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128
12239 (2006). ；Small 3, 1566 (2007). ；J. Mater. Chem. 18, 4189. (2008). ；Carbon 46, 1563 (2008).；
Small 5, 244 (2009).
2. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 16529 (2009).

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum
Dr. Yutaka Maeda was born in Tokyo, Japan, in 1974. He received his M S.
degrees and Ph. D. degree in Chemistry from Niigata University, Japan, in
1999 and 2001, respectively. He then spent half year as a postdoctoral fellow
in Prof. Takeshi Akasaka’s lab at University of Tsukuba, Japan. And now heis an Associate Professor of Chemistry of Tokyo Gakugei University, Japan.
Dr. Maeda has published over 100 peer reviewed journal articles. His
research focuses on the functionalization and characterization of carbon
nano-materials, including: the functionalization of fullerene and endohedral
fullerene, separation of single-walled carbon nanotubes, and functionalization of single-walledcarbon nanotubes.
Email: ymaeda@u-gakugei.ac.jp
Tel:+81-42-329-7512
Selective Publications
1.

Maeda, Y.; Kato, T.; Hasegawa, T.; Kako, M.; Akasaka, T.; Lu, J.; Nagase, S. Two-stepalkylation of single-walled carbon nanotubes: substituent effect on sidewall
functionalization, Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 996-999.

2.

Qiu, H.; Maeda, Y.; Akasaka, T. A facile and scalable route for highly efficient enrichmentof semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131,
16529-16533.

3.

Zhou, J.; Maeda, Y.; Lu, J.; Tashiro, A.; Hasegawa, T.; Luo, G.; Wang, L.; Lai, L.;
Akasaka, T.; Nagase, S.; Gao, Z.; Qin, R.; Mei, W.; Li, G.; Yu, D. Electronic-Type- andDiameter-Dependent Reduction of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Induced by
Adsorption of Electron-Donor Molecules . Small 2009. 5, 244-255.

4.

Maeda, Y.; Miyashita, J.; Hasegawa, T.; Wakahara, T.; Tsuchiya, T.; Feng, L.; Lian, Y.;
Akasaka, T.; Kobayashi, K.; Nagase, S.; Kako, M.; Yamamoto, K.; Kadish, K. M. Chemical
Reactivities of the Cation and Anion of M@C82 (M = Y, La, and Ce). J. Am. Chem. Soc.
2005, 127, 2143-2146.

5.

Maeda, Y.; Kimura, S.; Kanda, M.; Hirashima, Y.; Hasegawa, T.; Wakahara, T.; Lian, Y.;
Nakahodo, T.; Tsuchiya, T.; Akasaka, T.; Lu, J.; Zhang, X.; Gao, Z.; Yu, Y.; Nagase, S.;
Kazaoui, S.; Minami, N.; Shimizu, T.; Tokumoto, H.; Saito, R.; Large-Scale Separation ofMetallic and Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005,
127, 10287-10290.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum

Growth of Graphene on Surface
Lei Fu*, Nan Liu, Boya Dai, Xun Liu, Chaohua Zhang, Zhongfan Liu*
Center for Nanochemistry, Peking University, 100871, Beijing
Graphene is a one-atom-thick planar sheet of sp2-bonded carbon atoms that are densely packed in ahoneycomb crystal lattice. Due to its unique quantum effect and excellent electrical performance,graphene has important potential applications in nano-electronic devices and integrated circuits, flexible
electronics, et al. Here we report our recent work about controlled growth of graphene on surface, and its
application as transparent conductive film.

Fig.1 a, Optical microscope image of graphene transferred on SiO2/Si. b, AFM height image shows wrinkles and crack insingle layer or bilayer regions. c, Raman spectra of graphene layers. d, Batch of wafers of segregated graphene. e, A 4-inch
graphene wafer segregated on Ni. f, Photo image of graphene films transferred to quartz substrate.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum
Dr. Lei Fu was born in Wuhan, P. R. China, in 1979. He received his B. S.
degrees in Chemistry from Wuhan University, P. R. China, in 2001, and his
Ph. D. degree in Physical Chemistry from Institute of Chemistry, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, P. R. China, in 2006. He then spent one year as a
Director’s Postdoctoral Fellow in Materials Physics and Application Divisionat Los Alamos National Laboratory, US. And now he is an Associate Professorof Peking University, P. R. China. Dr. Fu has published over 30 peer reviewed
journal articles. His research focuses on the controlled synthesis and device
fabrication technology of carbon nano-materials, including: by chemical vapor deposition andsegregation methods to obtain large-area and high-quality uniform graphene via control of thesynthesis process; and the development of macro-approach to build high-performance flexible
devices. Dr. Fu has received the President Scholarship Especial Excellence Award of Chinese
Academy of Sciences in 2005 and the Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation Awards of Chinese
Academy of Sciences in 2007. And he now is the secretary of Chinese Society of Electrochemistry.
Email: leifu@pku.edu.cn
Tel: 86-10-62767065
Selective Publications
1.

Liang Ren, Lei Fu, Yuwen Liu, Shengli Chen, Zhongfan Liu, Electrochemical Synthesis ofHigh-Quality AgTCNQ Nanowires Using Carbon Nanotube Electrodes, Adv. Mater. 2009, 214742-4746.

2.

Dacheng Wei, Yunqi Liu, Lingchao Cao, Lei Fu, Xianglong Li, Yu Wang, and Gui Yu, A
Magnetism-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition Method to Produce Branched or
Iron-Encapsulated Carbon Nanotubes, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 7364-7368.

3.

Dacheng Wei, Lingchao Cao, Lei Fu, Xianglong Li, Yu Wang, Gui Yu, and Yunqi Liu, A New
Technique for Controllably Producing Branched or Encapsulating Nanostructures in a
Vapor-Liquid-Solid Process, Adv. Mater. 2007, 19, 386-390.

4.

Lei Fu, Yunqi Liu, Zhimin Liu, Buxing Han, Lingchao Cao, Dacheng Wei, Gui Yu andDaoben Zhu, Carbon Nanotubes Self-Coating with Alumina as Gate Dielectrics ofField-Effect Transistors, Adv. Mater. 2006, 18, 181-185.

5.

Xianglong Li, Yunqi Liu, Lei Fu, Lingchao Cao, Dacheng Wei, and Yu Wang, Efficient
Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube-Nanoparticle Hybrids, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2006, 16,
2431-2437.

6.

Dacheng Wei, Yunqi Liu, Lingchao Cao, Lei Fu, Xianglong Li, Yu Wang, Gui Yu, andDaoben Zhu, A New Method to Synthesize Complicated Multibranched Carbon Nanotubes
with Controlled Architecture and Composition, Nano Lett. 2006, 6, 186-192.

7.

Lei Fu, Zhimin Liu, Yunqi Liu, Buxing Han, Pingan Hu, Lingchao Cao and Daoben Zhu,
Beaded Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles along Carbon Nanotube: Towards Higher Integrated
Electronic Devices, Adv. Mater. 2005, 17, 217-221.

8.

Lei Fu, Zhimin Liu, Yunqi Liu, Buxing Han, Jiaqiu Wang, Pingan Hu, Lingchao Cao andDaoben Zhu, Coating CNTs with Rare-Earth Oxides Multiwalled Nanotubes, Adv. Mater.
2004, 16, 350-352.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum

Graphene Spintronics
Masashi SHIRAISHI 1,2
1. Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
2. JST-PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan(shiraishi@mp.es.osaka-u.ac.jp)
After the first success of fabricating multi-layer graphene and its field effect transistors (FETs) in 2004
a tremendous number of studies has been implemented in order to clarify attractive physical features ofsingle-layer and multi-layer graphene (SLG and MLG), which induces much interest for graphene
electronics. In 2007, introduction of a spin degree freedom to graphene electronics (graphene spintronics)
was successfully achieved by several groups, including our group, individually [1-5], where spins were
injected, a pure spin current was generated and the spins were manipulated in SLG and MLG up to RT.
The reason why people are attracted by spin injection into graphene is based on facts that the low atomic
mass of carbon can induce the weak spin-orbit interaction and that 99% of the carbon isotopes has no
nuclear spin and therefore hyperfine interaction between nuclei and electronic spins should be weak.
In this talk, I start from how to generate a pure spin current and how to detect it, and our first successin detecting spin current in MLG is introduced [1]. Next, I talk about “robustness” of spin polarization ingraphene under a high bias voltage application [4], which could be an important breakthrough for
expanding device designing for realization of spin MOS FETs. This means suppression of spin scatteringin Co/graphene and graphene itself, which has not been realized in other spin valve systems using metals
and inorganic semiconductors. I also discuss degradation of graphene spin valves, which induces
disappearance of the robustness [6], and furthermore, gate-induced modulation of a spin current in SLG
and a role of an interface between Co and SLG for efficient spin injection [7] will be discussed.
References
1. M. Ohishi, M. Shiraishi et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 46, L605 (2007).
2. N. Tombros et al. Nature 448, 571 (2007).
3. S. Cho et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 123105 (2007).
4. M. Shiraishi et al., Adv. Func. Mat. 19, 3711 (2009)
5. W. Han, R. Kawakami et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 222109 (2009).
6.

M. Shiraishi, K. Muramoto et al., Appl. Phys. Express 2, 123004 (2009).

7. N. Mitoma, M. Shiraishi et al., in preparation.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum
Dr. Masashi Shiraishi was born in Hyogo (Japan) in 1968, and received
his B. S., M. S. and Ph. D. degrees from Graduate School of Engineering,
Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, in 1991, 1993 and 2003, respectively.
From 1993 to 2004, he was a research scientist in compound
semiconductor laser research group (1993-1998), and then a groupleader of

π-electron device research group (1999-2004) in SONY Corporation Research Center,and he studied on II-VI(ZnSe), III-V(GaN) blue-laser diodes and field effect transistors using
single-walled carbon nanotubes. From 1997 to 1998, he was a visiting research scientist in
Max-Planck Institut fuer Festkoerperforshung (Stuttgart, Germany) under Prof. Dr. Hans. –J.
Queisser and Dr. Joerg Weber. From 2003-2004, he was a guest lecturer in Tohoku University,
Institute of Materials Research.
From 2004 to 2010, Dr. Shiraishi belonged to Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka
University, Osaka, Japan, as an associate professor. In 2007, he stayed in University Regensburg(Germany) a guest professor. Since 2010, he is a professor of Osaka University (Graduate School ofEngineering Science). His current interests are molecular spintronics and molecular electronics
using carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, graphene and other organic molecules.
The selected list of papers is,1) M. Shiraishi, M. Ohishi, R. Nouchi, N. Mitoma, T. Nozaki, T. Shinjo and Y. Suzuki,“Robustness of spin polarization in graphene-based spin valves”, Adv. Func. Mat. 19, 3711
(2009).
2) D. Hatanaka, S. Tanabe, H. Kusai, R. Nouchi, T. Nozaki, T. Shinjo, Y. Suzuki and M. Shiraishi,“Enhanced magnetoresistance due to charging effects in a molecular nano-composite spin
device”, Phys. Rev. B 79. 235402 (2009).
3) T. Maruyama, Y. Shiota, T. Nozaki, K. Ohta, N. Toda, M. Mizuguchi, A.A. Tulapurkar, T.
Shinjo, M. Shiraishi, S. Mizukami, Y. Ando and Y. Suzuki, “Large voltage-induced magnetic
anisotropy change in a few atomic layers of iron”, Nature Nanotech.4, 158 (2009).
4) S. Miwa, M. Shiraishi, S. Tanabe, M. Mizuguchi, T. Shinjo and Y. Suzuki, “Tunnel
magnetoresistance of C60-Co nanocomposites and spin-dependent transport in organic
semiconductors”, Phys. Rev. B76, 214414 (2007).
5) T. Takenobu, T. Takano, M. Shiraishi, M. Ata, H. Kataura, Y. Achiba and Y. Iwasa, “Stable andcontrolled amphoteric doping by encapsulation of organic molecules inside carbon nanotubes”,
Nature Materials 2 (2003), 683.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum

Electronic Properties of NanographeneKazuyuki TAKAI
Deaprtment of chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology
The investigation of nano-sized graphene (nanographene) is one of the most important aspects among
the current topics for graphene. For nanographene having the large contribution of the edge site, theelectronic properties strongly depend on the edge-shape. [1, 2]. In this study, we present the shapecharacterization method for graphene edges by Raman spectroscopy and anomalous magnetransport
properties of nanographene.
Figure 1(a) shows an optical image of the exfoliated graphene with the edges crossing each other withthe angle of ~30°. The position dependence of the Raman G-band is shown in Fig. 1(b), where the laser
spot diameter is about 1µm. The G-band peak position taken near the upper edge (A) is almost similar tothat for bulk graphite (1582 cm-1). However, a softening of G-band is clearly seen in the vicinity of thelower edge (B). The observed edge direction dependence of the G-band position can be explained interms of the edge-shape dependence of the Kohn anomaly effect. In fact, our theoretical results showthat the Kohn anomaly occurs only near the armchair edge [3]. The present results suggest that G-band
can be used for identification of the edge geometry in graphene.
The magneto-transport properties of a ribbon-shaped nanographene with a width of 200nm and a
thickness of 5 layers were studied. The sample was fabricated from exfoliated graphene by using oxygen
plasma etching and electron beam lithography. The gate voltage dependence of the conductivity showeda significant effect of the extrinsic doping on the as prepared nanographene, which originates from theadsorbed species strongly bound to the chemically active edge site. Since the sample has the thickness of
5 layers, two series of Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations were observed in magnetoresistance after thecleaning process, which are attributed to the contributions from linear and parabolic bands. The
oscillation frequency of the linear band exhibits an anomalous hump around the Dirac point for the
ribbon-shaped nanographene sample (Fig.2), but not observed for the bulk graphene sample. Thisobservation suggests the presence of the trapped orbital due to the local doping effect at the edge or thestrong edge scattering effect.
[1] M. Fujita, K. Wakabayashi et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 65, 1920 (1996).
[2] T. Enoki and K. Takai, Dalton Trans., 3773 (2008)[3] K. Sasaki, M. Yamamoto, R. Saito, M. S. Dresselhaus, K. Takai, T. Mori, T. Enoki and K.
Wakabayashi, PRB 80 155450 (2009)(b)
SdH Frequency (T)

(a)

150
100
50
0

-100

-50

0

50

100

V g (V)

Figure 1. The optical image of graphene sample (a),and the position dependence of Raman G-band (b).

Figure 2. The gate voltage dependence of
the SdH oscillation frequency for the
ribbon-shaped
nanographene(closedcircles) and bulk graphene (open circles).

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum
Dr. Kazuyuki TAKAI was born in Tokyo, Japan in 1973, and received his
BS (1996) and PhD in Science (2001) from the Tokyo Institute ofTechnology, Japan. In 2001, he joined the Department of Chemistry ofTokyo Institute of Technology as a Research Associate, and is now an
Assistant Professor. His research interests are in the area of Physical
Chemistry of condensed matter, in particular electronic properties ofcarbon-based nanoscale systems, and their chemical modification,
including: magnetic and electron transport properties of π-electron
systems such as Nano-sized Graphene, Nanodiamond, TTF-based molecules, and its controllingthough the Chemical Modification; STM / STS and Raman spectroscopic characterization ofGraphene-based systems; design and fabrication of Molecular-based Devices and Host-guest
systems. Dr. TAKAI has received the Young Scientist Award of the Physical Society of Japan in
2010. And he now is a member of the editorial board of the Journal of the Carbon Society ofJapan.
Email: ktakai@chem.titech.ac.jp
Selective Publications
1.
K. Takai, S. Eto, M. Inaguma, T. Enoki, H. Ogata, M. Tokita, and J. Watanabe, Magnetic
potassium clusters in a nanographite host system, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98(2007), 17203(1-4).
2.

K. Takai, H. Kumagai, H. Sato, T. Enoki,
Bromine adsorption-induced change inelectronic and magnetic properties of nanographite network systems, Phys. Rev. B73 (2006),
035435 (1-13).

3.

K. Takai, M. Oga, H. Sato, T. Enoki, Y. Ohki, A. Taomoto, K. Suenaga, and S. Iijima,
Structure and electronic properties of non-graphitic disordered carbon system and its
heat-treatment effect, Phy. Rev. B67 (2003), 214202-214212.

4.

K. Takai, H. Sato, T. Enoki, N. Yoshida, F. Okino, H. Touhara, and M. Endo, Effect offluorination on nano-sized π-electron systems, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 70 (2001), 175-185.

5.

T. Enoki and K. Takai, Unconventional Electronic and Magnetic Functions of
Nanographene-Based Host-Guest Systems, Dalton Transactions, 8, (2008), 3773-3781.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum

Structural Characterization and Controlled Preparation ofGraphene
Xue-Dong Bai,* Wen-Long Wang, Ying-Li Zhang, Lei Liu, En-Ge Wang
Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China（xdbai@aphy.iphy.ac.cn）
The properties of graphene are highly sensitive with their atomic structure and surface morphology. In
this talk, we will first report on the studies on graphene structure, including layer numbers, stacking,orientation and surface morphology, by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) method. And then we
will demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing the staging-phenomena of graphite intercalation compounds(GICs) as a means for achieving the layer number-controlled preparation of graphene sheets. With theuse of the readily available, ambient stable FeCl3 intercalated graphite compounds as starting material, amulti-step chemical exfoliation approach was developed that can finally yield a stable colloidal
dispersion of the exfoliated graphene sheets in NMP. When varying the stag-number of FeCl3-GICs from
1st and 2nd, we successfully observed the selectively abundance of single and bilayer graphene sheets,
respectively, in the product. We will also show the feasibility of utilizing the nanosphere lithography(NSL) in combination with O2 plasma etching as an innovative method for the rational andhigh-throughput fabrication of patterned ultranarrow graphene nanoribbons. (GNRs).
Keywords: Graphene; Structural characterization; Electron diffraction method; Controlled preparation;
Graphene nanoribbons

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum
Dr. Xuedong (XD) Bai is a professor of Physics in Institute of Physics,
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). He obtained Ph. D degree in 1999 in
Institute of Metal Research, CAS, and then joined Institute of Physics, CAS
He then spent two years as a postdoctoral fellow in Georgia Institute ofTechnology and Harvard University, USA, and one year as researchscientist in National Institute for Materials Science, Japan. Dr. Bai’s
research is focused on in situ probing novel properties of individual
nanostructures/local area of materials inside transmission electron
microscope (TEM). He has successfully constructed a new STM-TEM joint
instrument, by which nanomanipulation and property-structure characterization on the individual
nanostructures/local area of materials have been performed. Dr. Bai’s current interests are in situ
measuring and operating nanodevices, and optical probe of nanostructures. And he alao works on
the controlled synthesis and properties of novel nanostructures of light-element materials, such ascarbon/boron nitride/boron carbonitride nanotubes and graphenec. Dr. Bai has published over 80
peer-reviewed international journal papers. The total citation times by others has reached over1500 times. Dr. Bai has received the National Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young
Scholars in 2007 and 1st grade of the Beijing Science and Technology Award in 2008. He is anassociate editor of Journal of Nanomaterials.
Email: xdbai@aphy.iphy.ac.cn
Tel:86-10-82648032
Selective Publications
P Gao, ZC Kang, WY Fu, WL Wang, XD Bai*, EG Wang*, Electrically driven redox process1.
in cerium oxides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(2010), 4197-4201.
2.

KH Liu, WL Wang, Z Xu, XD Bai*, EG Wang*, YG Yao, J Zhang, ZF Liu,
Chirality-dependent transport properties of double-walled nanotubes measured in situ on
their field-effect transistors, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131(2009), 62-63.

3.

WY Fu, Z Xu, XD Bai*, CZ Gu, EG Wang*, Intrinsic memory function of carbon
nanotube-based ferroelectric field-effect transistor, Nano Lett. 9(2009), 921-925.

4.

Z Xu, WG Lu, WL Wang, CZ Gu, KH Liu, XD Bai*, EG Wang*, HJ Dai, Converting
metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes into semiconductors by boron/nitrogen co-doping,
Adv. Mater. 20(2008), 3615-3619.

5.

XL Li, GY Zhang, XD Bai, XM Sun, XR Wang, EG Wang, HJ Dai*, Highly conducting
graphene sheets and Langmuir–Blodgett films, Nature Nanotech. 3(2008), 538-542.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum

Graphene and Nanowire Transistors for Cellular Interfaces andElectrical Recording
Ying Fang
National Center for Nanoscience&tech, China,
11 Beiyitiao St, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P.R.China（fangy@nanoctr.cn）
Nanowire field-effect transistors (NW-FETs) have been shown to be powerful building blocks fornanoscale bioelectronic interfaces with cells and tissue due to their excellent sensitivity and theircapability to form strongly coupled interfaces with cell membranes. Graphene has also been shown to be
an attractive building block for nanoscale electronic devices, although little is known about its interfaces
with cells and tissue. Here we report the first studies of graphene field effect transistors (Gra-FETs) as
well as combined Gra- and NW-FETs interfaced to electrogenic cells. Gra-FET conductance signals
recorded from spontaneously beating embryonic chicken cardiomyocytes yield well-defined extracellularsignals with signal-to-noise ratio routinely >4. The conductance signal amplitude was tuned by varying
the Gra-FET working region through changes in water gate potential, Vwg. Signals recorded fromcardiomyocytes for different Vwg result in constant calibrated extracellular voltage, indicating a robust
graphene/cell interface. Significantly, variations in Vwg across the Dirac point demonstrate the expectedsignal polarity flip, thus allowing, for the first time, both n- and p-type recording to be achieved from thesame Gra-FET simply by offsetting Vwg. In addition, comparisons of peak-to-peak recorded signal widths
made as a function of Gra-FET device sizes and versus NW-FETs allowed an assessment of relative
resolution in extracellular recording. Specifically, peak-to-peak widths increased with the area of
Gra-FET devices, indicating an averaged signal from different points across the outer membrane of thebeating cells. One-dimensional silicon NW- FETs incorporated side by side with the two-dimensional
Gra-FET devices further highlighted limits in both temporal resolution and multiplexed measurementsfrom the same cell for the different types of devices. The distinct and complementary capabilities of Graand NW-FETs could open up unique opportunities in the field of bioelectronics in the future.
References:

1. Cohen-Karni, T.; Qing, Q.; Li, Q.; Fang, Y.*; C.M. Lieber*, “Graphene and Nanowire Transistors
for Cellular Interfaces and Electrical Recording.” Nano Letters 2010, 10 (3), 1098-1102.
2. Cheng, Z. G.; Li, Q.; Li Z. J.; Zhou Q. Y.; Fang, Y.*, “Suspended Graphene Sensors with Improved
Signal and Reduced Noise.” Nano Letters 2010, ASAP.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum
Ying Fang got her B. S. in Chemistry from University of Science andTechnology of China in 2002, then went on to Harvard University where she
obtained her A. M. in 2004 and Ph. D. in 2007 at the Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, under the guidance of Professor Charles M. Lieber. She
was then a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard. In 2008, she started a position at
the National Center for NanoScience & Technology, China. She is currently aProfessor of Nanoelectronics. Her research interests include micro/nano-fabrication, fundamental
physics of nanoelectronics, novel nanosensor, and nanopore seqeuencing.
Email: fangy@nanoctr.cn
Tel:86-10-82545567
Selective Publications
1.Cohen-Karni, T.; Qing, Q.; Li, Q.; Fang, Y.*; C.M. Lieber*, “Graphene and Nanowire
Transistors for Cellular Interfaces and Electrical Recording.” Nano Letters 2010, 10 (3), 1098-1102.
2.Li, Q.; Li, Z. J.; Chen, M. R.; Fang, Y.*, “Real-Time Study of Graphene's Phase Transition in
Polymer Matrices.” Nano Letters 2009, 9 (5), 2129-2132.
3.Li, Z. J.; Cheng, Z. G.; Wang, R.; Li, Q.; Fang, Y.*, “Spontaneous Formation of Nanostructuresin Graphene.” Nano Letters 2009, 9 (10), 3599-3602.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist ForumControllable Synthesis, Efficient Reduction and Application
Explorations of Graphene Oxide
Wencai Ren*, Zhong-Shuai Wu, Jinping Zhao, Songfeng Pei, and Hui-Ming Cheng*
Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China（wcren@imr.ac.cn, cheng@imr.ac.cn）
Chemical exfoliation is widely considered to be an efficient method for large scale synthesis ofgraphene sheets (GSs). However, how to control the structure and realize the efficient reduction ofgraphene oxide (GO), the direct product of chemical exfoliation, are still a great challenge although bothare important for fundamental studies and technological applications of chemically derived GSs. Here wedemonstrate the controllable synthesis of GSs with different number of layers, highly conductive GSs,
large GSs, and narrow graphene nanoribbons by using chemical exfoliation method. In addition, we will
present a simple method for the efficient reduction of GO films. The reduced GO films have highelectrical conductivity and maintain the integrity and flexibility of GO films at the same time. Finally,
several examples about the applications of chemically derived GSs will be demonstrated, including fieldemitters, transparent conducting films and electrochemical capacitors.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum
Dr. Wencai Ren was born in Shandong, P. R. China, in 1974. He received a Ph
D. degree in materials science from Institute of Metal Research, Chinese
Academy of Sciences (CAS) in 2005, studying the controllable synthesis,
growth mechanism and Raman spectroscopy of carbon nanotubes. He waspromoted to be a research professor of materials science at Institute of Metal
Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2009. From 2009 to 2010, he
worked with Prof. Andre K Geim at the University of Manchester as avisiting researcher. His current research interests include the synthesis,
physical properties and applications of graphene and carbon nanotubes. Dr.
Ren has published 35 peer reviewed journal articles, and has received several awards such as 2nd
grade of the State Natural Science Award in 2006, 2005 Special Prize of President Scholarship for
Postgraduate Students of CAS (20 out of >10000) and 2008 Lu Jiaxi Young Talents Award of CAS.

Email: wcren@imr.ac.cn
Tel: 86-24-2397 1472

Selective Publications:
1.

2.

3.

4.
5.

Z.S. Wu, S.F. Pei, W.C. Ren*, D.M. Tang, L.B. Gao, B.L. Liu, F. Li, C. Liu, and H.M. Cheng*,
Field emission of single-layer graphene films prepared by electrophoretic deposition, Adv.
Mater. 21(17) (2009), 1756-1760.
L.B. Gao, W.C. Ren*, B.L. Liu, Z.S. Wu, C.B. Jiang, and H.M. Cheng*, Crystallographic
tailoring of graphene by nonmetal SiOx nanoparticles, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131(39) (2009),
13934-13936.
Z.S. Wu, W.C. Ren*, L.B. Gao, J.P. Zhao, Z.P. Chen, B.L. Liu, D.M. Tang, B. Yu, C.B. Jiang,and H.M. Cheng*, Synthesis of graphene sheets with high electrical conductivity and goodthermal stability by hydrogen arc discharge exfoliation, ACS Nano 3(2) (2009), 411-417.
L.B. Gao, W.C. Ren*, B.L. Liu, R. Saito, Z.S. Wu, S.S. Li, F. Li, and H.M. Cheng*, Surface
and interference co-enhanced Raman scattering of graphene, ACS Nano 3(4) (2009), 933-939.
B.L. Liu, W.C. Ren*, L.B. Gao, S.S. Li, S.F. Pei, C. Liu, C.B. Jiang, and H.M. Cheng*,
Metal-catalyst-free growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131(6) (2009)
2082-2083.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum

Graphene Based Functional Composites and Their Applications
Yi Huang, Jiajie Liang, Yanfei Xu, Long Zhang, Yan Wang, Yanfeng Ma,
Yongsheng Chen
Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin

Graphene－a flat monolayer of carbon atoms tightly packed into a two dimensional honeycomb lattice
was discovered in 2004. Due to its unusual molecular structure, grapheme shows many novel and unique
physical and chemical properties, which are generating much attention in composite application. In thispaper, the preparation of Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposites with functionalizedgraphene using a simple solution processing method is reported. The mechanical properties of thenanocomposites are significantly improved. A 75% increase in tensile strength and a 120% improvementof Young’s modulus are achieved by addition of only 1 wt% graphene. This nanocomposite exhibit
repeatable infrared triggered actuation performance.
References：[1] Iijima S., Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon, Nature, 1991, 354.
[2] Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, et al, Science, 2004, 306, 666.
[3] Abanin D A, Levitov L S, Science, 2007, 317, 641[4] Liang Jiajie, Huang Yi, Zhang Long, Wang Yan, Ma Yanfeng, Guo Tianyin, Chen Yongsheng, Adv.
Funct. Mater., 2009, 19, 2297–2302.
[5] Liang Jiajie, Xu Yanfei, Huang Yi, Zhang Long, Wang Yan, Ma Yanfeng, Li Feifei, Guo Tianyin,
Chen Yongsheng, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2009, 113, 9921–9927.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum
Dr. Yi Huang was born in Chongqing, P. R. China, in 1974. Hereceived his B.S. degrees in Polymer Science and Engineering from
Sichuan University, P. R. China, in 1996, and his Ph. D. degree inMaterialogy from Sichuan University, P. R. China, in 2001. He thenspent two years as a postdoctoral fellow in Prof. Fei Wei’s lab atTsinghua University, P. R. China. And now he is an Associate Professorof Chemistry of Nankai University, P. R. China. Dr. Hang has
published over 50 peer reviewed journal articles. His research interests
focus on Controlled synthesis and application of carbon nanomaterials(Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes), Polymer based nano composites, Organic functional materials
and devices. Dr. Hang has received the first grade award for progress in science and technology by
Chengdu city government in 2001 and the third grade award for progress in science andtechnology by Sichuan province government in 2002.
Email: yihuang@nankai.edu.cn
Tel:86-22-23500693
Selective Publications
1.
Yan Wang, Yi Huang*, You Song, Xiaoyan Zhang, Yanfeng Ma, Jiajie Liang, Yongsheng
Chen*, Room temperature ferromagnetism of graphene, Nano Lett., 9 (2009), 220-224.
2.

Jiajie Liang, Yi Huang*, Long Zhang, Yan Wang, Yanfeng Ma, Tianyin Guo, Yongsheng
Chen*, Molecular-level Dispersion of Graphene into Poly(vinyl alcohol), and Effective
Reinforcement of Their Nanocomposites, Adv. Funct. Mater., 19 (2009), 2297-2302.

3.

Jiajie Liang, Yanfei Xu, Yi Huang*, Long Zhang, Yan Wang, Yanfeng Ma, Feifei Li,
Tianying Guo, and Yongsheng Chen*, Infrared-Triggered Actuators from Graphene-Based
Nanocomposites, J. Phys. Chem. C, 113 (2009), 9921-9927.

4.

Yi Huang, Ning Li, Yanfeng Ma, Feng Du, Feifei Li, Xiaobo H, Xiao Lin, Hongjun Gao,Yongsheng Chen, The influence of single-walled carbon nanotube structure on theelectromagnetic interference shielding efficiency of its epoxy composites, Carbon, 45 (2007)，
1614-1621.

5.

Ning Li#, Yi Huang# (# contributed equally), Feng Du, Xiaobo He, Xiao Lin, Hongjun Gao,
Yanfeng Ma, Feifei Li, Yongsheng Chen, Peter C. Eklund，Electromagnetic Interference(EMI) Shielding of Single-walled Carbon Nanotube Epoxy Composites, Nano Lett., 6 (2006),
1141-1145.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum

Graphene-Enhanced Raman Scattering (GERS)Jin ZHANG
Center for Nanochemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University,
Beijing 100871, China(jinzhang@pku.edu.cn)
Raman spectroscopy is an important and powerful tool in characterizing the structure of materials.
However, due to the low scattering cross-section (10-30 cm2molecule-1), the weak intensity of Raman
signals result in low sensitivity, which made the application of Raman spectroscopy been neglected formany years. Recently, we found a new material, graphene, which can be used as a substrate forenhancing the Raman signal. Molecules such as phthalocyanine (Pc), rhodamine 6G (R6G),
protoporphyin IX (PPP) and crystal violet (CV) was deposited on graphene by some techeniques. First,
the fluorescence background of the molecule was observed suppressed by graphene substrate.
Furthermore, by comparing the Raman signals of molecule on graphene and on a SiO2/Si substrate,
Raman enhancement effect was found existent on the surface of graphene. The Raman enhancement
factor of 2-17 was found dependent on the symmetry of vibrations of the molecule. The enhancement
efficiency was much remarkable for few-layer graphene. To investigate the mechanism further, chemicalmechanism was considered first by theoretical analysis, and the first layer effect was found existent byconstructing mono- or multilayers ordered Langmuir-Blodgett films of protoporphyrin IX (PPP). By
constructing different molecular configurations contacting with graphene directly, different Raman
enhancement factors were found, indicating the strong distance dependence of the enhancement. Besides,
electric gate was added between graphene and the substrate to modulate the Fermi level of graphene, andthe Raman enhancement factor was found changing and dependent on the electric gate. All the results
showed that the Raman enhancement on graphene belongs to the chemical enhancement mechanism.
This discovery will expand the application of graphene to microanalysis and is good for studying of thebasic properties of both graphene and SERS.

References:
1. L. M. Xie, X. Ling, Y. Fang, J. Zhang, and Z. F. Liu, JACS, 131, 2009, 9890-9891
2. X. Ling, L. Xie, Y. Fang, H. Xu, H. Zhang, J. Kong J, M. S. Dresselhaus, J. Zhang , Z. F. Liu, Nano
Letters, 10(2), 2010, 553-561

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum
Dr. Jin Zhang was born in Ningxia, P. R. China, in 1969. He received his B. S
and M S. degrees in Chemistry from Lanzhou University, P. R. China, in
1992 and 1995, respectively, and his Ph. D. degree in Chemistry from Peking
University and Lanzhou University, P. R. China, in 1997. He then spent two
years as a postdoctoral fellow in Prof. Colin Robinson’s lab at University ofLeeds, UK. And now he is a Professor of Chemistry of Peking University, P.
R. China. Dr. Zhang has published over 100 peer reviewed journal articles.
His research focuses on the controlled synthesis and spectroscopic
characterization of carbon nano-materials, including: controlling the structure of single-walledcarbon nanotubes via control of the synthesis process; selective synthesis of metal vssemiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes; Raman spectroscopic characterization of
single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene; and the fabrication and applications of large arraysof carbon nanotubes. Dr. Zhang has received the National Science Foundation of China forDistinguished Young Scholars in 2007 and 2nd grade of the State Natural Science Award in 2008.
And he now is a member of the editorial advisory board of Carbon.
Email: jinzhang@pku.edu.cn
Tel:86-10-62752555
Selective Publications
1.
YG Yao, QW Li, J Zhang*, R Liu, LY Jiao, YT Zhu, ZF Liu*, Temperature-mediatedgrowth of single-walled carbon-nanotube intramolecular junctions, Nature. Mater.
6(4)(2007), 283-286.
2.

YY Zhang, J Zhang*, HB Son, J Kong*, ZF Liu*, Substrate-induced Raman frequency
variation for single-walled carbon nanotubes, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127(49)(2005),
17156-17157.

3.

XJ Duan, HB Son, B Gao, J Zhang*, TJ Wu, GG Samsonidze, MS Dresselhaus, ZF Liu*, J
Kong*, Resonant Raman spectroscopy of individual strained single-wall carbon nanotubes,
Nano Lett. 7(7)(2007), 2116-2121.

4.

B Gao, XJ Duan, J Zhang*, TJ Wu, HB Son, J Kong, ZF Liu*, Raman spectral probing ofelectronic transition energy E-ii variation of individual SWNTs under torsional strain, Nano
Lett. 7(3)(2007), 750-753.

5.

YG Yao, CQ Feng, J Zhang*, ZF Liu*, 'Cloning' of single-walled carbon nanotubes via
open-end growth mechanism, Nano Lett. 9(2009), 1673-1677..

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum

Bottom-up Assembly of Carbon nanotubes Electrocatalyst for
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell
Tsuyohiko Fujigaya1, Kazuya Matsumoto2, Naotoshi Nakashima1,2
1

Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering
Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
2
JST-CREST, 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan（fujigaya-tcm@mail.cstm.kyushu-u.ac.jp）

Polybenzimidazole (PBI: Fig. 1) is widely known as a promising
candidate for electrolyte membrane of polymer electrolyte fuel cell

H
N

N

N

N
H

(PEFC) operating under dry condition. On the other hand, carbon
nanotubes (CNTs) have been emerged as a better carbon supportnFig. 1 Polybenzimidazole (PBI).

material than conventional material such as carbon black. We have reported the PBI is adsorbed onto thesurface of CNTs and acts as the good solubilizer [1]. By taking advantage of stable wrapping of PBI on
CNTs, we utilized this composite as a novel carbon supporting materials for loading the metal catalyst
such as platinum (Pt). As the result, the PBI-wrapped CNTs show better efficiency of Pt loading than thatof pristine CNTs due to the coordination between Pt ion and PBI. Furthermore, the obtained
electrocatalyst (CNT/PBI/Pt) shows excellent Pt utilization efficiency mainly due to the formation ofideal interfacial structure constructed by the CNTs, PBI and Pt [2]. However, we also noticed the
H
N
N

N

electrochemically active area (ECSA) was gradually decreasedNduring long time operations caused by the aggregation of the Pt.
N
HFig. 2 Chemical structure of PyPBInIn this study, we replaced PBI to pyridine-containing PBI(PyPBI: Fig. 2), which have awider operating temperature than PBI for the new electrocatalyst (denoteas CNT/PyPBI/Pt) and found similar electrocatalyst formation (Fig.
3)[3]. Detail studies in oxygen reduction, methanol oxidation for
CNT/PyPBI/Pt and results will be explained in the presentation.
References
1. M. Okamoto, T. Fujigaya, N. Nakashima, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2008, 18,
1776-1782
2. M. Okamoto, T. Fujigaya, N. Nakashima, Small 2009, 5, 735-740.
3. T. Fujigaya, M. Okamoto, N. Nakashima Carbon 2009, 47, 3227-3232.
Tel&Fax: +81-92-802-2842

Fig. 3 TEM image for the
CNT/PyPBI/Pt.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum
Dr. Tsuyohiko Fujigaya was born in Saitama, Japan, in 1976. He received
his B. S. and M S. degrees in Polymer Chemistry from Tokyo Institute ofTechnology University, Japan, in 1998 and 2000, respectively, and his Ph.
D. degree in chemistry and biotechnology from Tokyo University, Japan,
in 2005. He then spent a year as a postdoctoral fellow in Prof. Chad
Mirkin’s lab at Northwestern University, United States. And now he is an
Associate Professor of Applied Chemistry of Kyushu University, Japan.
His research focuses on the developments of the functional materials
based on carbon nanotube/polymer composites such as the carbon nanotube-based electrocatalyst
for polymer electrolyte fuel cell, controlled release of molecules for drug delivery system,
photo-active cell cultured dish for positive collection of the cells, chromatographic analysis of thenanotube-molecular interactions using carbon nanotube as a stationary phase. Dr. Fujigaya hasreceived the Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science in 2004 and Award
for Encouragement of Research in Polymer Science; The Society of Polymer Science, Japan in2009.
Email: fujigaya-tcm@mail.cstm.kyushu-u.ac.jp
Tel:+81-92-802-2842
Selective Publications
1.

T. Fujigaya, T. Fukumaru, and N. Nakashima* “Evaluation of dispersion state and thermal
conductivity measurement of carbon nanotubes/UV-curable resin nanocomposites” Synth.
Met. 159, 827-830 (2009).

2.

T. Fujigaya*, M. Okamoto, and N. Nakashima* “Design of an assembly of pyridine-containing
polybenzimidazole, carbon nanotubes and Pt nanoparticles for a fuel cell electrocatalyst with ahigh electrochemically active surface area” Carbon 47, 3227-3232 (2009). .

3.

M. Okamoto, T. Fujigaya*, and N. Nakashima* “Design of an Assembly of Polybenzimidazole,
Carbon Nanotubes and Pt Nanoparticles for a Fuel Cell Electrocatalyst with an Ideal
Interfacial Nanostructure” Small 5, 735-740 (2009).

4.

N. Wakamatsu, H. Takamori, T. Fujigaya, N. Nakashima* “Self-Organized Single-Walled
Carbon Nanotube Conducting Thin Films with Honeycomb Structures on Flexible Plastic
Films” Adv. Funct. Mater. 19, 311-316 (2009).

5.

T. Fujigaya*, T. Morimoto, Y. Niidome, N. Nakashima* Near-IR Laser-Driven Reversible
Volume Phase Transition of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)Composite gels” Adv. Mater. 20, 3610-3614 (2008).

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist ForumThe Confinement Effect of Carbon Nanotubes in Catalysis
Xiulian Pan, Xinhe Bao
Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023
We report here the unique confinement effect which the one-dimensional channels of CNTs provide
for nano-catalysts and catalytic reactions. A method for uniform dispersion of metal particles inside CNT
channels was developed. The confinement effect was studied with in situ TEM, Raman, XRD andchemisorption techniques, by using synthesis gas conversion to liquid fuels, C2 oxygenates and ammonia
synthesis as probe reactions.1-3 The confinement effect is also observed in other catalytic reactions.4
References：
1． Wei Chen, Xiulian Pan, Xinhe Bao, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 7421-7426.
2． Xiulian Pan, Zhongli Fan, Wei Chen, Xinhe Bao, et al. Nature Materials, 2007, 6, 507-511.
3． Xiulian Pan, Xinhe Bao, Chem.Commun. feature article, 2008, 6271-6281.
4． Philippe Serp, Eva Castillejos, ChemCatChem 2010, 2, 41-47.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum

Xiulian Pan received her PhD from Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of
the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2001 after carrying out a thesis on
development of palladium hollow fiber membranes for hydrogen
separation and membrane catalysis under the guidance of Prof. Guoxing
Xiong. She then spent two years as a postdoctoral fellow at the Fraunhofer
Institute of Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology in Stuttgart,
Germany. She joined Prof. Xinhe Bao’s group at Dalian Institute ofChemical Physics at the end of 2003 as an associate professor and now she is a professor. Dr. Pan’s
research interest is fundamental studies on nano-structured carbon for catalysis including carbon
nanotubes, nanofibers, graphene and other synthetic mesoporous carbon materials. Her recent
focus is on the confinement effects of carbon nanotubes which exhibit well defined nanochannels
formed by graphene layers and could modify catalytic reactions through interaction with theconfined metal and metal oxide nanocatalysts. The targeted reactions include hydrogenation of CO
selectively to liquid fuels and oxygenates, ammonia synthesis, selective oxidation andelectrocatalysis.
Email: panxl@dicp.ac.cn
Tel:86-411-8437 9969
Selective Publications
1.

D. Deng, X. Pan*, H. Zhang, Q. Fu, D. Tan, X. Bao*, Freestanding Graphene by Thermal
Splitting of Silicon Carbide Granules, Adv. Mater. (2010) doi: adma.200903519C.

2.

W. Chen, Z. Fan, X. Pan*, X. Bao*, Effect of Confinement in Carbon Nanotubes on the
Activity of Fischer-Tropsch Iron Catalyst, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 (2008) 9414-9419.

3.

X. Pan, Z. Fan, W. Chen, Y. Ding, H. Luo, X. Bao*, Enhanced Ethanol Production inside
Carbon Nanotube Reactors Containing Catalytic Particles, Nature Materials 6 (2007) 507-511.

4.

W. Chen, X. Pan, X. Bao*, Tuning of Redox Properties of Iron and Iron Oxides via
Encapsulation within Carbon Nanotubes, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 129 (2007) 7421-7426.

5.

W. Chen, X. Pan, M. Willinger, D. Su, X. Bao*, Facile Autoreduction of Iron Oxide/Carbon
Nanotube Encapsulates, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 (2006) 3136-3137.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum

Fabrication and Characterization of Novel Nanotube-based Hybrid
Materials
Ryo Kitaura, Hisanori Shinohara
Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University，
Furo-cho, Chikusaku, Nagoya 464-8603 Japan（kitaura@nano.chem.nagoya-u.ac.jp）
Substantial research efforts have been devoted to fabricate metallic or semiconducting
low-dimensional materials, such as nanotubes and nanowires, because of their fundamental interest on
optical, electrical and magnetic properties, which are qualitatively different from those at larger
dimensions, as well as of versatile and promising applications towards nanoelectronic and nanospintronic
devices1.

Recently, we have successfully fabricate various metal and metal complex nanowires withhigh yield using one-dimensional space of carbon nanotubes2,3. These hybrid materials shows specificstructure and properties that are distinctly different from that of bulk crystals.

For example, HRTEM

image of Eu-nanowire@CNTs is shown in figure 1. As clearly illustrated in the figure, Eu atoms alignin a one-dimensional fashion with Eu-Eu distances of 4.6 Å, which is much larger than that of bulk
crystal of Eu (4.0 Å). By changing diameter of CNTs used, we can produce various kinds of nanowires
systematically.
To understand fundamental properties of these materials,
correlation of atomic structure and properties is essential.
Therefore, we are developing new characterization method
using bridge structure. In this presentation, in addition tosynthesis and detailed characterization of hybrid materials
including CNTs and nanowires@CNTs, characterization
using bridged structure will be discussed.
References
1. C. M. Lieber et. al., Acc. Chem. Res. 32, 5, 435 (1999)
2. R. Kitaura et. al., Nano. Lett. 8, 693 (2008)
3. R. Kitaura et. al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 121, 8448 (2009) Figure 1. HRTEM image of Eu@DWCNTs(inset shows FFT image)The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum
Dr. Ryo Kitaura was born in Nara prefecture, Japan, in 1974. Hereceived his B. S. in Chemical Engineering from Osaka Prefecture
University and M. S. degree in Chemical Engineering from Kyoto
University in 1998 and 2000, respectively. Then, he joined Prof. S.
Kitagawa’s group in Kyoto University and obtained his Ph. D.
degree in 2003. After two years research work in Toyota Central
R&D laboratory, he joined Prof. H. Shinohara’s group in Nagoya
University as an Assistant Professor. And now he is an Associate Professor of Chemistry of Nagoya
University, Japan. His research interests focus on the fabrication and functions of novel
nano-materials including nanotubes, nanoclusters, nanowires and hybrid nanotubes; controlled
synthesis of carbon nanotubes using CVD method; fabrication of novel nanomaterials using
carbon nanotube nanoreactors; structural characterization using High resolution transmission
electron microscopy; measurements of transport and magnetic properties; characterization usingsynchrotron radiation.
Email: kitaura@nano.chem.nagoya-u.ac.jp
Tel:81-52-789-2477
Selective Publications
1.
Kitaura, R. et al. High-Yield Synthesis of Ultrathin Metal Nanowires in Carbon Nanotubes.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 48, 8298-8302 (2009).
2.

Kitaura, R., Imazu, N., Kobayashi, K. & Shinohara, H. Fabrication of metal nanowires incarbon nanotubes via versatile nano-template reaction. Nano Lett. 8, 693-699 (2008).

3.

Kitaura, R., Okimoto, H., Shinohara, H., Nakamura, T. & Osawa, H. Magnetism of theendohedral metallofullerenes M@C-82 (M=Gd,Dy) and the corresponding nanoscale
peapods: Synchrotron soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and density-functional theory
calculations. Phys. Rev. B 76 (2007).

4.

Kitaura, R. et al. High Yield Synthesis and Characterization of the Structural and Magnetic
Properties of Crystalline ErCl3 Nanowires in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Templates.
Nano Research 1, 152-157 (2008).

5.

Kitaura, R. & Shinohara, H. Carbon-nanotube-based hybrid materials: Nanopeapods.
Chemistry-an Asian Journal 1, 646-655 (2006).

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum

Synthesis of Endohedral Fullerenes Encapsulating a Small
Molecule
Yasujiro Murata
Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan（yasujiro@scl.kyoto-u.ac.jp）

Endohedral fullerenes are so far produced by arc-discharge method using metal-doped graphite,high-pressure/high-temperature treatment with noble gases, and ion implantation with nitrogen,phosphorus, and lithium. These methods are generally conducted under high-energy conditions,1 so it isdifficult to apply for encapsulation of a small molecule such as H2 and H2O owing to high reactivity
toward fullerenes under these conditions.
The molecular surgical approach, involving creation of an orifice on the empty fullerene cage,
insertion of a small guest through the orifice, and closure of the orifice with retention of the guest, is apromising method to synthesize yet-unknown endohedral fullerenes and their derivatives.

Severalopen-cage fullerene derivatives have been reported so far, which can encapsulate He, H2, H2O, CH4, NH3
and CO.2 However, examples of closure of the orifice are still limited to the synthesis of H2@C60,
H2@C70, and (H2)2@C70 from the open-cage fullerenes having a 13-membered ring orifice.3,4In orderto realize endohedral fullerenes encapsulating a small molecule which is larger than H2, creation as well
as restoration of a larger orifice are needed. Herein we report our approach to synthesize endohedral
C60 encapsulating a small molecule by means of organic synthesis under mild conditions.
[1] T. Akasaka and S. Nagase, Endofullerenes: A new family of carbon clusters, Kluwer Academic
Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2002.
[2] For recent reviews, (a) M. Murata, Y. Murata and K. Komatsu, Chem. Commun., 2008, 6083. (b) G.
C. Vougioukalakis, M. M. Roubelakis, M. Orfanopoulos, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2010, DOI:
10.1039/b913766a.
[3] (a) K. Komatsu, M. Murata and Y. Murata, Science, 2005, 307, 238. (b) M. Murata, Y. Murata andK. Komatsu, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2006, 128, 8024.
[4] M. Murata, S. Maeda, Y. Morinaka, Y. Murata and K. Komatsu, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130,
15800.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist ForumYasujiro Murata was born in Kanazawa in 1970 and received his B. Eng(1993) and Ph. D. degrees (1998) from Kyoto University under thesupervision of Professor Koichi Komatsu. During that time he joined
Professor Fred Wudl's group as a summer student (1995).

After

working as a postdoctoral fellow at Kyoto University in Professor
Komatsu's group, he joined Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto
University, as an Assistant Professor (1999) and then as an Associate
Professor (2006). He was promoted to a Full Professor in 2009 at thesame institute. He received The Chemical Society of Japan Award for Young Chemists (2004),
The Osawa Award from the Fullerenes and Nanotube Research Society, Japan (2006), and The
Young Scientists’ Prize from The Commendation for Science and Technology by the Minister of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (2006). During 2005-2009, he joined the
PRESTO program “Structure Control and Function” from the Japan Society Technology Agency.
His research interests include organo-chemical transformation of fullerenes, specifically organic
synthesis of endohedral fullerenes by the technique of molecular surgery; generation of ionicfullerene species and their application for the synthesis of functional material, and synthesis of new
π-systems with curved structure by the use of transition metal complex.
Email: yasujiro@scl.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Tel:+81-774-38-3172
Selective Publications
1.

The Spin Chemistry and Magnetic Resonance of H2@C60. From the Pauli Principle to
Trapping a Long Lived Nuclear Excited Spin State Inside a Buckyball
Turro, N.; Chen, J. Y.-C.; Satori, E.; Ruzzi, M.; Marti, A.; Lawler, R.; Jockusch, S.;
Lopez-Gejo, J.; Komatsu, K.; Murata, Y.
Acc. Chem. Res. 2010, 43, 335-345.

2.

Synthesis and Reaction of Fullerene C70 Encapsulating Two Molecules of H2
Murata, M.; Maeda, S.; Morinaka, Y.; Murata, Y.; Komatsu, K.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 15800-15801.

3.

Encapsulation and Dynamic Behavior of Two H2 Molecules in an Open-Cage C70
Murata, Y.; Maeda, S.; Murata, M.; Komatsu, K.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 6702 - 6703.

4.

Synthesis and Properties of Endohedral C60 Encapsulating Molecular Hydrogen
Murata, M.; Murata, Y.; Komatsu, K.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 8024-8033.

5.

Encapsulation of Molecular Hydrogen in Fullerene C60 by Organic Synthesis
Komatsu, K.; Murata, M.; Murata, Y.
Science 2005, 307, 238-240.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum
Functionalized Fullerene Derivatives: Photoelectric Conversion Applications

Yutaka Matsuo
Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan（matsuo@chem.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp）
New Methodology for Functionalization of
Fullerenes
Multifunctionalization of fullerenes has
become an important chemical tool for drawing
out the maximum capacity of their uniqueproperties in applications in chemistry andmaterial and biological sciences. We havedeveloped various methods for the efficientsynthesis of organic functionalized fullerene
Organic Thin-Film Photovoltaic Devices
derivatives.1 For instance, DMF-modified
We have developed organic photovoltaic
monoaddition reaction of silylmethyl Grignard
devicesby means of a chemical approach starting
reagents
to[60]fullerene
producedfromthedesign of functional molecules. We newly
monoalkyl[60]fullerene, C60RH, which was able
designed
1,4-di(organo)[60]fullerene derivatives
toberegioselectively
derivatized
intopossessing
suitable electron affinity for high1,4-bis-adducts, C60R2 via subsequent substitution
2
open-circuit
voltage,thermal morphologicalreactions. The 1,4-bis-adducts are promisingchangesfromamorphoustocrystalline states, andorganic n-type semiconducting materials.
honeycomb-like packing structure in the crystal.
The organic photovoltaic cells using theseelectron-acceptors have exhibited among thehighest class of power conversion efficiencies(5.2%).4

Photocurrent Generating Metal-FullereneComplexes
Photocurrent generating molecules possessing
photo-induced charge separation properties arefunctional molecules that are expected to be
utilized in photo-current conversion devices aswell as light-mediated information transfer
devices. With employing fullerenes as acceptors
with metal complexes as donors, we haveconstructed
photocurrent
generatingorganometallic molecular devices.3 For instance,
we have synthesized rigid pentapod metal
fullerene complexes that have the shape of a lunar
lander, and succeeded in switching of photocurrent
direction by changing components (organic
molecules or metal complexes) and molecularorientations (standing upright or lying down).

References
1. Y. Matsuo, E. Nakamura, Chem. Rev. 2008, 108,3016.
2. Y. Matsuo, A. Iwashita, Y. Abe, C.-Z. Li, K.
Matsuo, M. Hashiguchi, E. Nakamura, J. Am.
Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 15429.
3. Y. Matsuo, K. Kanaizuka, K. Matsuo, Y.-W.
Zhong, T. Nakae, E. Nakamura, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
2008, 130, 5016.
4. Y. Matsuo, Y. Sato, T. Niinomi, I. Soga, H.
Tanaka, E. Nakamura, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009,
131, 16048.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum
Dr. Yutaka Matsuo was born in Osaka, Japan, in 1974. He received B.S.
(1996) and Ph.D. degree (2001) from Osaka University under the guidanceof Profs. Kazuhide Tani and Kazushi Mashima. Then, he joined
Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo (Prof. Eiichi
Nakamura's group) as an Assistant Professor. In 2004, he moved to
Nakamura Functional Carbon Cluster Project, ERATO, Japan Scienceand Technology Agency as a Leader. In 2009, he was promoted toProfessor in Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo. His
research interests lie in organic materials science (organic photovoltaics,
liquid crystals, luminescent materials, and molecular devices) and carbon cluster chemistry. He
was awarded The Chemical Society of Japan Award for Young Chemists for 2005, The Osawa
Award of the Fullerenes and Nanotubes Research Society (2007), and The Young Scientists Awardof the Japan Society of Coordination Chemistry (2009).
Email: matsuo@chem.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Tel:81-3-5841-1476
Selective Publications
1. Y. Matsuo, K. Tahara, M. Sawamura, E. Nakamura, Creation of Hoop- and Bowl-Shaped
Benzenoid Systems by Selective Detraction of [60]Fullerene Conjugation. [10]Cyclophenacene andFused Corannulene Derivatives, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 8725.
2. Y. Matsuo, A. Muramatsu, Y. Kamikawa, T. Kato, E. Nakamura, Synthesis, Structural,
Electrochemical and Stacking Properties of Conical Molecules Possessing Buckyferrocene on Apex
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 9586.
3. Y. Matsuo, E. Nakamura, Selective Multi-addition of Organocopper Reagents to Fullerenes,
Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 3016.
4. Y. Matsuo, A. Iwashita, Y. Abe, C.-Z. Li, K. Matsuo, M. Hashiguchi, E. Nakamura,
Regioselective Synthesis of 1,4-Di(organo)[60]fullerenes through DMF-assisted Mono-addition ofSilylmethyl Grignard Reagents and Subsequent Alkylation Reaction, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130,15429.
5. Y. Matsuo, K. Kanaizuka, K. Matsuo, Y.-W. Zhong, T. Nakae, E. Nakamura,
Photocurrent-Generating Properties of Organometallic Fullerene Molecules on an Electrode, J.
Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 5016.
6. Y. Matsuo, K. Tahara, T. Fujita, E. Nakamura, Di- and Trinuclear [70]Fullerene Complexes:
Syntheses and Metal-Metal Electronic Interactions, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 6239.
7. Y. Matsuo, Y. Sato, T. Niinomi, I. Soga, H. Tanaka, E. Nakamura, Columnar Structure in Bulk
Heterojunction in Solution-processable Three-layered p-i-n Organic Photovoltaic Devices Using
Tetrabenzoporphyrin Precursor and Silylmethyl[60]fullerene, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 16048.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum
Latest Development in Raman Spectroscopy for the Characterization of
Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene
Ramdane Benferhat, Shifeng Liu, Jing Shen
HORIBA Scientific Segment , Horiba Trading (Shanghai) CO., LTD., China.
Over the past few years, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene have attracted much attention due totheir unique structure, remarkable electrical and optical properties. In this research filed, Raman
spectroscopy is recognized as a powerful, nondestructive and standard tool for their characterization.
From Raman spectra, electronic, vibrational, and structural properties can be derived. Information on
diameter, (n, m) index, transition energy of CNTs, amount of defects in the sample, and many otherparameters can also be extracted from Raman spectra.
Benefiting from the latest developments of modern Raman technology, a number of significative
works can be carried out conveniently. Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and graphene, can beanalyzed in an easy way.
In this talk, we will present the latest development in Raman spectroscopy, and their application to thecharacterization methods of CNTs and graphene.
Reference[1] M.S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhau, R. Saito, A. Jorio, Physics Reports 409,47–99 (2005).
[2] Yingying Zhang, Jin Zhang, Zhongfan Liu, et al. J. Am. Chem.Soc. 127, 17156 (2005).
[3] Jinyong Wang and Yan Li, J. Am. Chem.Soc. 131, 5364 (2009).
[4] Z. K. Tang, J. P. Zhai, Y.Y. Tong, et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 047402 (2008).
[5] A. Jorio, R. Saito, J. H. Hafner, et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1118 (2001).
[6] Mildred S. Dresselhaus, Ado Jorio, et al. Nano Lett., 10, 751–758 (2010).

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum
Horiba 广告The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum

Metal-free Growth of SWNTs
Shaoming Huang
Nanomaterials & Chemistry Key Laboratory, Wenzhou University,
Wenzhou, 320527, P. R. China

Selective growth of SWNT with specific helicity is the one of the main challenges towards controlled
growth of SWNTs for various applications Metal nanoparticles (NPs) are indispensable for the growthof SWNTs by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and Fe family of elements were regarded as the mosteffective catalysts in the past. However, in recent years many other metal NPs such as Au, Ag, Cu, Pd,
Rh,, Mg, Mn, Cr, Sn and Al, semiconductors NPs such as Si, Ge, Te, carbides such as SiC, Fe3C etc havebeen reported to be active for nanotube growth although these materials were regarded as inactive
catalysts for CNTs. One problem raising from the metal catalysts is that the chemical, redox, magnetic
properties of the metal NPs involved in the nanotube materials will interfere the corresponding nanotube
properties and performances. In this talk, recent progress in the growth of SWNTs from metal-freecatalysts will be summarized and the possible grow mechanism is discussed. The strategy for realizing
the controlled growth of SWNTs, particularly for helicity, is proposed.

The 1st China‐Japan Young Chemist Forum
Dr. Shaoming Huang was born in 1965 in Zhejiang Province. He received his B.
S. and M S. degrees in Chemistry from Hangzhou University in 1985 and 1988,
respectively, and his Ph. D. degree in Chemistry from Nankai University, P. R.
China, in 1991. After two years

postdoctoral fellow at Nanjing University, he

was appointed as associate professor of chemistry, Nanjing University. Then heworked as Royal Society KCWong Fellow with Professor Sir Harry Kroto at
Sussex University in 1996, senior research scientist in CSIRO, Australia, from1997-2002 and Duke University, USA, from 2002~2005. He returned back to
Nanjing University as Professor in 2005. Now he is a Qian-Jiang & Bai-Ren-Plan Professor anddean of the Faculty of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Wenzhou University. Dr. Huang has
published more than 90 peer-reviewed papers with over 2100 citations and holds 8 patents. His
research interests cover the fundamental and applications of nano-structured materials (mainly
carbon nanotubes, metal nanoparticles and others).
Email: smhuang@wzu.edu.cn
Tel: 86-577-88373064
Selective Publications
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2

SM Huang, QR Cai, JY Chen, Q Yong, LJ Zhang, Catalyst-free growth of SWNTs on substrate
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131(2009), 2094-2095.
SM Huang, Q Yong，JY Chen, S Wan, L Wang, WB Hu, Identification of the structures ofsuperlong oriented SWNT arrays by electrodeposition of metal and Raman spectroscopy

34

J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130(2008), 11860-11861
SM Huang, M Woodson, J Liu and R Smalley, Growth mechanism of oriented long singlewalled carbon nanotubes using “fast heating” chemical vapor deposition process”
Nano Lett. 4 (2004), 1025-1028.
SM Huang, B Maynor, J Liu, Ultralong ,well-aligned single-walled carbon nanotube
architectures on surfaces Adv. Mater. 15(2003), 1651-1654.

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SM Huang, X Cai, J Liu, Growth of millimeter-long and horizontally aligned SWNT on flat
substrates”

J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125(2003), 5636-5637.