Japan Environmental Sanitation Center (JESC)

No.21

JESC NEWS

No.21
July. 2020

I. Message from New Director
Dear All,

environmental problems caused by unorganized

It is with great honor that I join Japanurban development and poor public services such

Environmental Sanitation Center (hereinafter,

as solid waste management (SWM). Although JICA

referred to as “JESC”) to assume the role ofhad assisted the government of Maputo in

Director

Cooperation

promoting 3R activities among its citizens in order

Department and the International Project Office into reduce the volume of solid waste to be dumped

April. JESC recently reshuffled its internationalin an already overloaded landfill site, huge garbage

activities by establishing these branches in order

piles collapsed and killed 17 waste pickers at theto further strengthen them.

site in February 2018. This clearly shows the

Beforeforjoining

theInternational

JESC,

I

was

in

complexity of SWM in developing countries thatinternational development assistance with JICA

presents many challenges for local institutions andfor 33 years. My last overseas assignment was thetheir international cooperation partners.

Resident Representative in Mozambique from

Addressing the challenges through international

2013 to 2017. At that time, the capital ofcooperation is JESC’s mission and I will fully

Mozambique,dedicate

Maputo,engagedfaced

variousmyself,

with

your

valuable supports, to carry out it.
If you have suggestions, ideas orquestions, please contact me atkatsuyoshi_sudo@jesc.or.jp.
With best regards,
Katsuyoshi SUDO
Director, Department of International Cooperation,
JESC

II. Report of JESC’s Activities
The First Step toward Waste to Energy in Can Tho City, Vietnam

We conducted a site survey in Can Tho City,

situation of existing incineration plants in the city,

Vietnam. This was rooted in the story of Ms. Huang,taking into consideration an increase in new

who was a participant from Can Tho City in JICA

incineration

Training Program "Enhancement of Solid Waste

governments in Asia in the future. Ultimately weManagement

decided to visit the sites and hold a work shop with

Capacity

for

Waste

Power

plants(WtE)

bymunicipal

Generation (B)" in 2019 in Yokohama Center.

the people involved with SWM in the city.

According to her, the entire amount of municipal

Can Tho City is located at an estuary of thewaste in the city has been incinerated now. It

Mekong River. The population is approximately

motivated us to conduct a site survey regarding the12.3 million and will grow to 2 million by 2020. The

background of a new incineration plant (whichcity is the center of industry and urban areas in thegenerates electric power, WtE) and the current

Mekong basin.

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Japan Environmental Sanitation Center (JESC)

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Secondly, the new WtE plant was built in 2017 by
China Everbright International, in which the Asia
Development Bank financed 47 billion yen. The
treatment capacity is 400–500 tons/day. The
tipping fee is 400,000 VND/t. This plant generates
electricity of 7.5 MWh by incinerating, in which
about 1 MWh is consumed in the plant and theremaining electricity is sold to a power plant.
Moreover, we obtained information from theWhile progressing to urbanization, there is aproblem with SWM in Can Tho City. Therefore,
Can Tho City sets a goal in which the collection
coverage of municipal waste will be up to 93% by
2020. Now 1,409 km2 in total administrative area,
it is divided into 5 districts and 4 towns. In thisarea 600 to 605 tons of municipal waste, whichcomes from homes and commercial sectors such as
hotels, restaurants and markets, is collected everyday. However hazardous waste and industrial
waste are not collected. There are 5 existing plants
including WtE.

administrator of the plant. They think it importanttoefficiently

collect

and

haul

waste

and

appropriately separate it in order to keep a certain
amount of waste and waste quality suitable for
WtE.
In conclusion, we had a great experience that
helped us realize the current situation of how
existing plants are operating, the building processof the WtE plant and operation, and challenges
going forward. It was only after we visited therethat we obtained information from the people
directly involved.

Following is a summary of our site survey in thecity.
First of all, according to interviews with relevant
people, it needs to learn how to deal with theexisting

plantsinthefuture

in

fear

of

environmental impact. In addition to that, it isnecessary to resolve the issue of treating bottom
ash and fly ash immediately.
WtE Plant at Thoi Lai

Comments from the Person in Charge (PIC)
Our survey team consisted of 4 people. None of them had visited Can Tho City. During our visit, we reallyenjoyed Vietnamese cuisine. We were shocked how wonderful it was! We were impressed that we wereable to eat wonderful food everywhere we visited such as casual dining rooms, fancy restaurants andcozy cafes. We had already heard how wonderful Vietnamese food was, but "seeing is believing." We
found out there are many things we can’t experience unless we visit there.
(Michiyo SHIMAMURA)

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Japan Environmental Sanitation Center (JESC)

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Challenge of Source Separation of Organic Waste in Bandung City
(JICA Grassroots Project)
Bandung City is the capital of West Java Province

After that, we successfully held them 4 times inin Indonesia. With a population of about 2.5 million

total. After finishing each training program, we

people, it is the third biggest city in Indonesia.

revised the next training content based on the

Recently, SWM has become a serious topic inresult of previous training program and feedback

accordance with the economic growth due to anfrom the participants.

increase in the population. The lack of awareness

Each training program had at least 20 participants

among the local residents regarding waste disposal

and a test to check their understanding was given

is a problem. There is also a problem with noat the end of the program. However, it happened

regulations regarding SWM in the central andthat the number of participants was under 20

local governments, having been established now.

unexpectedly, because they came from commercial

In order to resolve these problems,

Kawasakisectors in which they were busy with their own(KERI),

work. At that time, we visited the participants’Institute for Global Environmental Strategies

workplace to meet them, explain our activities and(IGES) and

JESC formed a single team andask for their cooperation. We held a training

supported SWM in Bandung City with the relevant

program especially for workers who collect andpeople.

haul waste (known as kart men in Bandung City)

This support aimed to improve separation andfrom commercial sectors. This activity went reallycollection of organic and non-organic waste

well because this was the first time such a training

through involving citizens and commercial sectors.

program was held in Bandung.

We thought that the appropriate separation andIn the end, we held 4 training programs andcollection provided 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle)

created the manual for separating and collecting

concept for the people in the city and promoted 3R

waste. We were able to complete our activities by

from the field of waste as much as possible.

distributing the manual to the relevant people.We

Ultimately, our goal was to create a sustainable

believe that our activities involving many people

recycling-based society in Bandung City.

through surveys and training programs could

Our activities consisted of 4 activities (Outputs 1

make more people aware of the importance of SWMto 4). We, JESC, were in charge of “Output 2”,

and help to create the first SWM system inwhich was to promote the separation and collection

Bandung City.

Environment

Research

Instituteof organic waste in commercial sectors such as
restaurants, hotels and traditional markets.
Output 2 activities were to make a manual for
separation and collection and to conduct training
programs. First of all, we conducted interviews andsampling surveys. These surveys were helpful toknow the current situation on site, make themanual and plan the contents of the training
programs.

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Japan Environmental Sanitation Center (JESC)

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Comments from the Person in Charge (PIC)
Bandung City is recognized as one of the resort areas in Indonesia because
the climate is cool and moderate throughout the year even though it is locatedin a tropical area. In the city center, there are some historical buildings thatwere built in the era when Indonesia was under Dutch rule. Conversely, you
can go to a mountainous area in the suburbs to enjoy vast amounts of nature.
Therefore, many tourists come to the city on weekends from Jakarta andother cities. (Takashi MIYAGAWA, Michiyo SHIMAMURA)

Improving Solid Waste Management in Bhutan
In June 2019, JESC formed a joint venture withThrough the site survey, the JICA survey team

Yachiyo Engineering Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referredascertained the current situation and major

to as “YEC”) and participated in a preparatory

challenges of solid waste management andsurvey for improving solid waste management inproposed to procure 31 waste collection vehicles

Bhutan. The purpose of this survey was to confirm

including 3 container carriers, 24 containers and 4

the necessity of procuring equipment for solid

pieces of heavy equipment for landfill sites as

waste management in order to improve the current

necessary equipment for solid waste management.

situation of solid waste management in Bhutan. In

At the same time, we proposed implementing

this survey, JESC has stayed for about 2 months in

instructions for vehicle maintenance, safety andtotal between August and October 2019 and hassanitation

mainly conducted the survey with organizations

activities and built a consensus between theandBhutanese and Japanese governments.

institutions

related

to

solid

waste

management

as

soft

componentmanagement through interviews and site visits in

As the result, both governments exchanged

Bhutan.

diplomatic notes on March 9, 2020 and arranged

In Bhutan, in addition to the gross nationala grant agreement on March 26, 2020. In thisproduct (GNP), gross national happiness (GNH) isagreement,emphasized and various kinds of efforts are being

promised to provide aid for improving solid waste

undertaken to achieve a national policy ofmanagement in Bhutan.

maximizing GNH. 4 key challenges have been

JESC intends to form a joint venture with YEC

establishedandagain and to participate in implementing this“environmental preservation and its sustainableproject on an ongoing basis aiming to improve solid

utilization” is one of them related to solid waste

waste management in Bhutan.

for

improving

GNH

management. The 4Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle,
Responsibility) are defined as a solid waste
management policy and are expected to increase
national happiness through improving living
conditions and public health by properly managing
solid

waste.

In

4

major

cities,Thimphu,

Puntsuoling, Gelephu and Samdrup Jongkhra,
establishing a proper waste collection system isregarded as the most important challenge and the
lack

and

deterioration

of

waste

collection

equipment has been a bottleneck to overcoming
this challenge.

4

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Comments from the Person in Charge (PIC)
JESC has been aggressively involved with the efforts for improving solid waste managementin Bhutan with grass-roots technical cooperation after it had been asked to assist in improving
landfill sites in Bhutan by JICA senior volunteers in 2012. Bhutan is a very beautiful country
located in the Himalayas with a lush natural environment. I feel we should be involved with theefforts to improve solid waste management on an ongoing basis with the Bhutanese people forpreserving their precious nature. (Makoto YAMAMOTO)

Survey for Solid Waste Management (SWM) in Europe
JESC has conducted a survey for understanding

how of the private sector in their business andthe present SWM situation in Europe as a project

others receive some advice from experienced

provided by Japan’s Ministry of the Environment.

consulting firms for implementing new policy for

Currently in Japan, local governments are mainlymaterial recycling and a low carbon society. The

responsible for SWM. Under such circumstances,survey also found that the investment ratio from

Public Private Partnerships (PPP) such as Design

the private sector to organizations tends to

Build Operate (DBO) has been adopted in someincrease as the scope of business grows. Althoughincineration plant operations, but unfortunately

in the U.K. it is known that Private Financethe vitality of the private sector is still not drawn

Initiative (PFI) schemes are implemented inon sufficiently. This survey was conducted for the

Energy from Waste (EfW) generally, nowadays the

purpose of recognizing the great efforts for SWM in“Merchant” method, in which the private sector

Europe and utilizing them as reference for SWM

shoulders more responsibility of organizing andpolicies in Japan going forward.

operating the business, is positively adopted.

In this survey, JESC analyzed information on

JESC would be glad to support the improvement of

websites

SWM

SWM systems in Japan by researching the efforts

organizations in Europe. Moreover, thanks toof SWM in Europe. It is vital to more deeply andcooperation from the International Solid Waste

precisely understand the present situation based

Associationon the historical background.

andinterviewed(ISWA:The(Headquarters)),

Confederation

Waste-to-Energy

Plantssome

Netherlandsof(CEWEP)

Europeanand2consulting firms, Ramboll (Denmark) and I.C.E.
AG (Switzerland), we have successfully obtained
information regarding SWM trends in Europe.
As a result, we found that each SWM organization
has been struggling to promote material recycling
and decarbonizing and to maintain a balance of
reliability and efficiency in public works. Even
though some organizations are wholly owned by
local governments, they strive to maximize thevalue of their business on a financial independence.
For instance, some organizations leverage know-

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Japan Environmental Sanitation Center (JESC)

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Comments from the Person in Charge (PIC)
Through this survey, I realized that “economy and efficiency” is morevalued in incineration plant operations in Europe. Some organizations try
to expand their business economy by receiving industrial waste andincinerating it together with municipal waste in case of insufficient amountof municipal waste. Others try to boost the efficiency by wide-area waste
treatment through utilizing an existing union that consists of multiple local
governments and is organized for water supply, heat supply and relevant
utilities. In the field of SWM, historical background in Europe is completely
different than that of Japan developing SWM policies as public healthmeasures. I would be pleased if this survey could contribute to future
Japanese SWM policies. (Hideaki FUJIYOSHI, Makoto YAMAMOTO,
Mitsuyo SUGIMOTO)

The 12th 3R Conference for Asian Local Governments
determined Plastic Waste as the theme of thisyear’s conference.
Through presentations and a panel discussion at
this conference, we shared the following 3 items asimportant topics.
1) Local governments need to make a communitybased policy for plastic waste and raise the“The 12th 3R Conference for Asian Local
Governments” was held in City of Kitakyushu on
January 23rd, 2020, under the theme, “Local
Governments’ Actions against Plastic Waste Issues
and their Challenges.” Presenters consisted of aninternational organization, national governments,
local governments and private enterprises from
Asian countries (Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, thePhilippines, Russian Federation and Thailand).
We are pleased that over 170 people attended theconference.
Recently, single-use plastic waste has been aserious problem on a global scale, so we haveawareness of citizens to achieve the national
plastic recycling goal.
2) Under the serious circumstances of recent
marine littering issues, cooperation between local
governments and citizens in the same area is vitalto prevent plastic waste from entering rivers andbays.
3) For establishing proper recycling and disposal
treatment, each company’s advanced technology
should be transferred with city to city cooperation.
At the closing session, Kitakyushu Declaration was
adopted as common understanding for the future.
Please visit the website below to see program,presentation data and the declaration in details.
https://www.jesc.or.jp/training/tabid/356/Default.aspx

Comments from the Person in Charge (PIC)
Although City of Kitakyushu, the venue, had suffered from serious environmental issues
for a long term, bounced it back, and now the local government and enterprises in the city
are addressing environmental measures actively. It is very significant for me to hold theconference in such city. Besides, many Asian foreign students studying environmental
issues in universities in the city, joined the conference, and I reconfirmed that the plastic
waste management was an urgent issue which should be tackled seriously, not only forJapan but also for Asian countries. We will keep doing our best to make the conference
could contribute to promote 3R in Asian countries and regions. (Mitsuyo SUGIMOTO)

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Japan Environmental Sanitation Center (JESC)

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Solid Waste Management Study Tour, FY 2019,organized by Ministry of the Environment Japan
JESC implemented “Solid Waste Management

governments were interested in introducing Eco

Study Tour, FY 2019” as a program organized byTown in their country, so I suspect that it was

Ministry of the Environment, Japan (MOEJ).

useful for them.

JESC has conducted this study tour since 2012. It

And as a feature of FY 2019, we conducted one ofaims to contribute to reducing environmental

the programs jointly with the 12th 3R Conference

impact on a global scale, and also to promoteforexpanding the Japanese waste management andinformation on the Contents of this conference isrecycling industry overseas.

introduced in previous article of this newsletter.

In FY 2019, we held 6 study tours from October

The conference was held in Kitakyushu on January

2019 to February 2020. 49 participants from 16

23. The program was held in the Kyushu region

countries in various regions including Pacific(mainly in Fukuoka Prefecture).

islands, Africa and the Middle East countries

During the program for one week, participants

participated in this total. Participants are in

joined the conference and some of them gave

charge of Solid Waste Management (SWM) and 3R

presentations.

promotion at local and central governments. We

Although each program was short, we feel that thisestablished a theme and elaborated every program

study tour could support the promotion of eachaccording to each country’s situation regarding

country’s SWM system as well as bolster the

SWM.

network of each country, not only with Japan.

Asian

Local

Governments.

Detailed

We held lectures on the outline of SWM in Japan,
the current situation of SWM in Japan and its
technology, etc.
And we conducted site visits to facilities such as
incineration plants (WtE facilities), recycling
facilities and final disposal sites. In FY 2019, we
also visited Eco Town in Kawasaki. Some local

Comments from the Person in Charge (PIC)
Many officers in local and central governments have been participating in this Study Tour
since 2012. As indicated in the article, this program aims to contribute to reducing
environmental impact on a global scale, by sharing Japanese recycling technology. Many
participants shared their impressions that Japanese recycling technology can be helpful for
promoting 3R and SWM in their countries.
(Kana NAKAMURA)

JICA Knowledge Co-creation Programs in FY 2019
JESC conducted 4 JICA Knowledge Co-creation(Please see the list below regarding the outline of 4

Programs in FY 2019, all of which were group andcourses.)region focused programs. We introduce one of them,

JESC has been conducting this program for morewhich focuses on introducing WtE plants, andthan 40 years. 1,976 people from 125 countries

show an outline of all programs as below.

have participated in this program conducted by
JESC. The number of participants will reach 2,000

7Japan Environmental Sanitation Center (JESC)

No.21

this year! Here, I introduce one program, named

Capacity for Waste Power Generation” which was“Enhancement

held from July to August, 2019.

of

Solid

Waste

Management

Enhancement of Solid Waste Management Capacity for Waste Power Generationfrom local governments, while others came fromIn FY 2019, 8 people from 7 countries (Chile,
Indonesia, Iran, the Philippines, Serbia, Thailand,

centraland Ukraine) participated in this program.

discussed their situation from their perspective.

Although they have different cultural backgrounds,

Participants provided feedback that lectures onthey were a very good team and proactively“Incineration plants and WtE facilities”, “JICA

participated in the program!

Waste to Energy Guidelines” and site visits to

In the program, they observed incineration plants,

incineration plants were especially useful. These

recycling centers and final disposal sites mainly inprograms

Tokyo and Kanagawa Prefecture. For introducing

bolstering WtE facilities, so it is great that theyWtE facilities, the consent of local residents is a

could understand these concepts well.

very important issue, so we held lectures andOn the other hand, they expected to learn morediscussions on this issue. Also, some Japanese

about the economic background for PPP projects,

manufacturers

exchanged

consensus building for PPP projects, guidelines for

information with participants regarding the actual

PPP projects, sampling and monitoring of dioxin

situation in Japan and the other countries. On theand 3E (Environment, Energy security & Economic

final day, each participant presented their action

efficiency).

plan. They successfully shared information on the

We would like to utilize their feedback in the future

actual situation regarding the construction ofprograms.

gave

lecturesandgovernments.

are

very

And

each

significant

participant

contents

forWaste to Energy facilities. Some participants came
CourseComprehensive Waste
Management (A)Dates
May 21–June 27, 2019

Enhancement of Solid Waste
Management Capacity for Waste
Power Generation
Capacity Building towards Air
Quality Management

July 22–Aug. 9, 2019

Strategic Utilization of Solid
Waste Management Data

Oct. 3–25, 2019

Aug. 22–Sep. 17, 2019

Participating countries
Ecuador, Guatemala, Costa Rica,
Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Peru, Honduras(7 people from 7 countries)
Chile, Indonesia, Iran, the Philippines, Serbia,
Thailand, Ukraine(8 people from 7 countries)
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Mongolia,
Pakistan, Iran, Kosovo, Myanmar, Mexico, Vietnam(10 people from 9 countries)
Kenya, Kiribati, Micronesia, Nigeria, Palestinian
Authority, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Vietnam(8 people from 8 countries)

Comments from the Person in Charge (PIC)“The Enhancement of Solid Waste Management Capacity for Waste Power Generation” course
was held during the very hot summer season. All participants proactively participated in the
program despite the extreme Japanese heat. We talked about the Olympic Game being held inTokyo just one year from now. Although the Olympic Games have been postponed a year, I
sincerely hope all people in the world can enjoy the Olympic Games next summer!
(Kana NAKAMURA)

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Japan Environmental Sanitation Center (JESC)

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Activities of Japan Sanitation Consortium（JSC）
JSC launched in October 2009 as a knowledge hub

Overseas activities carried out by JESC

on sanitation among the Water Knowledge Hub

Outline of the project deploying eco-friendly toilets

Network, which was established under the Asia

in India

Pacific Water Forum (APWF), in order to resolve

It is said that India does not have sufficientwater problems in the Asia-Pacific region.

treatment of waste water. Rivers and ground water

JSC consists of 5 organizations: 1. JESC, 2. theare polluted from untreated waste water andSewerage Business Management Centre (SBMC),

human waste. For instance, septic tank systems

3. the Japan Sewage Works Association (JSWA), 4.

have a limited capacity for treating waste water

the Japan Education Center of Environmental

from toilets. Moreover, sludge is not properly

Sanitation (JECES) and 5. the Japan Sewage

managed.

Works Agency (JS).

Consequently, this project aims to improve

The mission of JSC covers a wide range in thetreatment performance by attaching a solid

sanitation field from on-site sewage treatment

absorption field to the latter part of septic tanks.

systems to central sewage treatment. JSC has

JICA supports the feasibility study to be carried

formed a network with international organizations

out as follows:torelevant

Study site: the public toilets in Varanasi City andknowledge for the purpose of boosting capacity in

Muzaffarnagar City in Uttar Pradesh State,policy-making

onCounterparts: local governments involved andsanitation in the Asia-Pacific region, and for

local NGOs, Japanese team: joint venturesdeveloping sewage treatment systems.

involved with JESC. This project’s goal is to

In order to achieve the mission, JSC organizes

improveinternational seminars by networking with otheropportunities in India by deploying Japanese on-

countries, investigates how to improve sanitation,site treatment technology.

collect,

share

and

and

disseminate

technical

expertisesanitation

anddevelopbusiness

provides advice and assistance for sanitation
related operations carried out by the AsianDevelopment

Bank

(ADB)

or

the

Japan

International Cooperation Agency (JICA) andcollaborates withinternationalorganizations,

NGOs and NPOs.
JSC has been collecting information on sanitaryissues in the Asia-Pacific region, surveying sites
and holding international conferences. Please see
our information at the website below.
http://www.jsanic.org/news/fromjscx.html

Comments from the Person in Charge (PIC)
When I look back on the 10 year history of JSC, I find it is very significant that 5 different
organizations have been carrying out international cooperation activities together. Although
the Japanese government organization is becoming increasingly differentiated, having anorganization like JSC that can gather technical knowledge and work together is valuable. I
would be pleased to continue contributing to international sanitation through this organization.
(Akira MORITA)

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Japan Environmental Sanitation Center (JESC)

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III. Contribution from Overseas Participants in JESC’s Activities
Waste Management Data Survey in Western Province, Sri Lanka
As a result of the rapid urbanization and theTherefore,

economic growth in the Western Province, SriManagement data is very essential to understand

Lanka, Municipal solid waste generation in thethe current situation of the waste issues in theprovince has been increasing significantly. But,

province. Accordingly, technical staff of the Waste

In parallel, as mass scale final disposal andManagement Authority of Western Province hasintermediate treatment facilities have not been

initiated a project to obtain waste incoming data

established in terms of the planed time target,from the compost plants and dump sites which dothere are serious environmental and social issues

not have weigh bridges. Main objective of thisraised in the province.

task is to calculate the total incoming waste

Currently, around 2000 MT of municipal solid

amount for the treatment and disposal bywaste is collected daily by 49 Local Authorities in

obtaining waste density of the both perishable

the province. Around10% of the total collection isandtreated through the 27 compost plants and nearly

the volumes.

acquisitionofaccurate

Waste

mixed waste, and no of vehicle loads with

0.5% of total collection is disposed in Dompesanitary landfill. Though the accurate data forthe recycling is not available, it is assumed thatrecycling amount is as around 5% of the totalcollection. Accordingly, 85% of the total collection
is still disposed in the open dumps.
But most data is generated by the compost plants
and dumping sites are not reliable since those are

Weight of perishable waste is measured byusing standard wooden box

estimated data due to lack of weigh bridges.
According to the data collected so far, Density of

L. As. it is depend on the nature of the collection

the perishable waste is varied in the Local

area.

authority to Local authority. The reason behind

There are some calculated densities of perishable

this is, mixing ratio between the garden waste

waste mentioned below to easy understand.

and the food waste is changed in
Compost plant(Local Authority)
Negombo MC
Jaela UC
Katana PS
Kelaniya PS

Density (kg/Cu. m)
329
435
781
540

Nature of the collection area
Garden waste very highGarden waste highFood waste with very little garden waste
Food waste and garden waste nearly equal

As per the above data, estimating of incoming

density of perishable waste in each Compost

waste amount for the compost plant is veryplant. At the same time, WMA is expecting to

crucial, so, WMA is planning to obtain such data

purchase mobile weigh bridge to obtain such data

for at least 2, 3 weeks continuously to get averagevery accurately after this critical time period.

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Comments from the Contributor
The “Solid Waste” problem has become one of the most significant acute issues in theWestern Province (WP) of Sri Lanka. The Province contributes around 60% of the total
national quantity of solid waste generation. So, Waste Management Authority ofWestern province is looking for solutions to overcome the situation. Hence, existing of
reliable data on this sector is a very vital factor for proper planning. I realized it further
during the training program on Strategic Utilization of Solid Waste Management Data
which is conducted by JICA Yokohama center, Japan with the technical guidance of
the JESC from 2nd October to 26th October 2019. (Nimal SILVA)

A Winding Step Toward the Establishment of Waste to Ener gy
in West Java Province, Indonesia
As the largest population in Indonesia, West JavaSWM strategy in West Java is following theProvince has approximately more than 49.5

national strategy is to reduce 30% of waste by

million people. Comparing to other nations, it’s2025 and waste handling of 70% by 2025. The

nearly closed to the South Korea population. It is

WTE is part of the waste handling at the landfills.

expected that most of the population will occupy

The provincial-level is responsible for the landfill

in the urban areas. Similar to other provinces,

process at the regional scope. We acknowledge

West Java has to deal with urbanization,that to manage the waste not only in the end-of-

economic growth, and increasing population andpipe strategy but the strategy has also to deal

thiswith the waste in the source (household).

eventually

leads

to

environmental

deterioration.

To date, the SWM in the source until the

Solid waste management (SWM) becoming anintermediate phase is on the hand of the local

issue that still appears in West Java. This

government. Most of the waste still in the mixed

condition also similar to other regions. Waste

process. This condition will burden the WTE

problems will remain a concern that needs to be

project because there have several specific wastes

resolved in the future. Thus, the programthatdeveloped by JESC regarding Waste to Energy

transportation of the waste from the source(WTE) is appropriate to develop shortly for

generally conducted by the urban village leader.

Southeast Asia. As a provincial role, solid waste

The finance system will only be handling themanagement at least has to develop in 3 regional

waste from the household to the intermediateareas. In terms of WTE, West Java Province

process (TPS). This condition will be burdening

already planned and developed 2 areas in

the financing by the government if the waste will

Bandung Metropolitan and Bogor Metropolitan.

be treated in the WTE.

The Bandung Metropolitan (Legok Nangka

To illustrate, in the Legok Nangka project which

Project) will be built as the WTE for electricity

planned to use the Public-Private Partnershipwhilst the Bogor Metropolitan (Lulut Nambo(PPP) scheme, the discussion and meeting

Project) will develop as the Refused-derived fuelbetween stakeholders occur in dealing with this(RDF). The operational capacity of the Legokproject. Different alternatives to finalize the

Nangka Project is around 1,850-2,000 t/d and thebusiness case has been voiced by the central

capacity in Lulut Nambo project is approximately

government such as low-carbon strategy option,around 1,500 t/d. These projects planned toto postpone electricity by the electricity state-

reduce of 18.8% of total waste generated in Westowned company, and other schemes which show

Java Province.

the precautionary step has been used. The

will

interrupt

the

WTE

plant.

The

11

Japan Environmental Sanitation Center (JESC)

No.21

viability gap fund (VGF) as the government

intermediate process. The local and provincial

support in the form of contribution to thegovernment

finalizes the project still going a long way incollaboration regarding these activities. The

completing this activity.

intermediate process that in the past function as

Examining from this condition, the local andthe waste collector from the household, nowadays

provincial government have to reassess theis tried to handling and reduce the waste with thestrategy in handling the SWM from the source.

introduction of appropriate technology.

There is a bright side in the development of SWM

To sum up, the SWM in West Java will have toin the reduction phase in West Java. After the

integrate all of the activities in handling andPresidential decree regarding SWM in the

reducing

household is enacted, the local government andinvolvement and other stakeholders in dealing

provincial government are trying to make several

with SWM will ease waste reduction andscenarios in reducing the waste at the source andhandling.

open

for

sustainably.

cooperation

The

and

community

Comments from the Contributor
The strengthening of the governance quality in SWM, particularly incorporating the WTE
activities in Indonesia found many obstacles. The enhancement of the government
capacity in Indonesia by the JESC – JICA program has improved the foundation toestablish the SWM in a sustainable manner. The leapfrogging strategy which generally
adopted by less-developed cities –whose socio-technical system is not yet establishedneed continuous capacity building, especially in the West Java area, which covers 60%of the population in Indonesia. It is therefore, we will appreciate further programs to
improve these activities. (Helmi GUNAWAN)

JESC NEWS No.21 / July. 2020
 Publisher : Hideki MINAMIKAWA
 Editor : Katsuyoshi SUDO
 Staff : T. MIYAGAWA, A. MORITA,
M. YAMAMOTO, K.NAKAMURA,
M.SUGIMOTO, M. SHIMAMURA Published by : Japan Environmental
Sanitation Center (JESC)

12

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