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1)1) B±Ìæ¤ÉCGlM[ÂÏÌúËõî X üðv[uÆ·é PEEM Ìå«ÈÁFÍ³fIð«ÆÎõpÉæé¥CoÌ«\ÅéBóÔªð\Í10`100nm öxÆ^Ì°÷¾ÌÅÍärIDêÄ¨èC³çÉ§ß^Ìî X ü°÷¾Ìæ¤É`óÌ¿ðKvÆµÈ¢½ßCá¦ÎL@¨¿CâÎCn

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Gd M4,5 XAS and XMCD spectra of GdFeCo thin lmobtained by PEEM. The corresponding areas are indicated inthe lower XMCD_PEEM image taken at the absorption peakof M5­edge (1183 eV).

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2. GdFeCo ÌõUN¥»½]_Ci~NX
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Fig. 2 a, Kerr microscope image of GdFeCo thin lm after applying
a train of linearly polarized (L) ultrashort laser pulses land­ed at dierent positions with their uence slightly larger than
the threshold power to reverse magnetizations (`12 mJ/cm2). b, c, Similar images as a. but applying left (sL) andright (sR) circularly polarized pulses with their uence `12mJ/cm2 and `12 mJ/cm2, respectively.

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GdFeCo ÌC[U[pXÌÅ¿ÝÉæé¥»ÍÈc[ÆÈè¾éB±¤¢Á½®@ðwiÆµÄCä½]ÌÊiKerr °÷¾jð Fig. 2 É¦·13,14) BFig. 2XÍÔªð PEEM Éæé¥»½]ßöÌÏªVXe

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2.2À±ÅÌCüÍÌ¥»ÆÌÃ¥IÝìpÉæé½]CÆ¢¤À±Í SPring­8 Ì BL25SU r[CÌ PEEM À`ªÅàLÍÆ³êÄ¢é15) Bµ©µC»ÝÅÍÙÈ

±Xe[VÅsÁ½19) B±Ìr[CÅÍ150_éN¹àñ¥³êÄ¨è16) CÜ¾®SÉ¾ç©ÉÈÁ½2000 eV Ìî X üªpÅ«éBLbJ[}OlbgÉÆÍ¢¦È¢Bæé¬~ÎõXCb`OiPEEM À±ÅÍC0.1 Hz)õUN¥»½]É¨¯éà¤êÂÚ·×««¿Æµ20)ðpµÄ¶E~Îõ X üÅÌððÝÉæ¾·é±

ÄC~ÎõÌwVeB[Ë¶ÌIðI¥»XCb`OÆÅC·ªiXMCD_PEEM jÉ¨¯é¿Ìhtª°çêé13 BFig. 2(b)É¦·æ¤É¶E~Îõ[gÉæéÀøIÈóÔªð\áºð}¦é±ÆªÅ«éBU[ðp¢éÆC~ÎõwVeB[Æ½]OÌ¥»ûüPEEM uÍÃdY^ÌRpNg^CvÌàÌÅiFÊºü«CFÊãü«jÆÌÖWÉæÁÄ½iELMITEC Ð PEEMSPECTORjCî X üÌæÅÍóÔ]·éÊÏÌå«³Éá¢ª¶¶éB³çÉC[U[pªð\ª100 nm öxÅ[ð¥»½]ÌN±éµ«¢li`12 mJ/cm2jÜÅ÷ðõ¦½å^Ì¥êY^ PEEMiªð\F10 nmj²®·é±ÆÅ¶~ÎõisLjüËÍºü«ijCEÆä×éÆá±òéªCõdqÌø«oµd³i15_20~ÎõisR jüËÍãü«ijÌ¥æÉIðIÉ½kVjª¿}js

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Fig. 3é\¢Åa, Setup for time­resolved PEEM experiments with tilting angle of sample and incident angle of laser beam withrespective to incident angle of synchrotron radiation x­rays as shown. b, Temporal diagram of laser pulses (`5kHz), synchrotron radiation x­rays activated by MCP gates (`2.5 kHz), and magnetic eld pulses (`2.5 kHz).
c, Operation modes of the storage ring of SPring­8 suitable for time­resolved measurements with the probing
frequency in the order of kHz.

é½ßC¿üÓÖÌANZT[ÌtÁªÀÄB·é±ÆÉæè¥æÌÔ­WðÏªÅ«éBDt±ÚIÉ¶Ä_îÉÅ«COêóÂâÔªðªèÈÇÍ 1 ps Ì¸xÅÝèÅ«éªCÔªð\ÍúËõÌp

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GdFeCo ¿Í Ta (1 nm)/Ru (1 nm)/Gd26Fe66Co8 (20~ÏOÌo`zñðKèµÄ¢é RF VOii`nm)/Ru (20 nm)/Ta (5 nm)/Glass (substrate) Ì\¢ð

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X¯ÄÊ¼Ì¥»¬ªðoµÄ¢^][hÉÂ¢ÄÍ Fig. 3(c)ðQÆjCÔªðÏ@Éé B XMCD _PEEM  Í Gd Ì M5 z û [ Å æ ¾ µ ½ Bñ^·éúËõpXð MCP Ì®ìd³i`600 VjÌ[U[pXÍåÉÀ±zuÌ§ñÉæèCon/o ÉæÁÄIÊµÄÏªµÄ¢éBÜ½C1 TCN

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150 _200 ms C 100 Oe Ì p  X ¥ ê ð ­ ¶ ³ ¹ Ä ¢ éàÅ­xÍSðs[NÆµ½KEXÖóÉªzµÄ¨iPEEM ÏªÌÔÌæÅÍ¥êÍóÂµÄ¢È¢±ÆÉèCX|bgTCYÍ¼lÅ}»·a250 mm~Za125ÓjBpX[U[ÌoËpxÍñ200 ms Ôuiñ 5mm ÌÈ~`ÅéBp[§xÍ16`18 mJ/cm2 öxÅéBÉCÔªðªèÌ^C~O`[gð Fig. 3kHz j ÅéÉÚµ½¥êRCðp¢ÄñéªCÀÛÌÏªpxÍ¥êpXÌ·³i150_200 msjÉ¥¬³êñ400 ms Ôuiñ2.5 kHzjÅ(b)É¦·5) B{uÅÍCãN©çêèÔãÌóÔðéBÂÜèCO84üÉÎµÄ 1 pXÌúËõµXg{XRsbNÉJèÔµB·éÔªðªèVX©À±ÉpÅ«È¢½ßCêÂÌxÔÉÂ¢Ä¨æeðÌpµÄ¢éi|vÉv[u@jB[U[Æ»10_15ªöxÌæÏZðsÁÄ¢éBÀ±Íº·ÅsúËõpXÌüË^C~OixÔ Dtjð|øµÁ½B278  úËõ Sept. 2013 Vol.26 No.5

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Fig. 4

2.3a, Static XMCD_PEEM images of GdFeCo lm after applying a laser pulse of 30incidence with its uence `16mJ/cm2 taken at Gd M5­edge. Black and white contrasts correspond to the magnetization direction down and up,respectively. b, Pump­probe XMCD_PEEM images of GdFeCo lm taken at M5­edge of Gd. c, Temporal evolu­tion of XMCD intensity averaged within the excitation centre of 10~20 mm ellipses (dots with error bars). Fit­ting results (black solid line), assuming a superposition of reversal and return events (gray dashed lines) of themagnetizations, are also plotted.

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ÔªðªèÉæ§ÁÄCPê[U[pXÆËãÌ`¬¥æÌÃIÏ@ðPEEMªèàÅsÁ½BÊðéÌªåÈRÅ

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Fig. 4(a)É¦·B[U[ÆËX|bgSÌCp[§ÎõË¶½]É¨¢Äà³çÉ·¢ÔXP[ðv·éxªå«¢ÌæÅÊºü«ij©çãü«ijÖÌÆ\z³êÄ¢éª12) C¡ñÌÀ±ÅÍC98÷Ì¥»ª¥»½]ªN±ÁÄ¢éB½¾µCsÉæÁÄ`¬³êÀè»·éÔª23.5 ns ÆèÊIÉ©Ïàçê½B

é½]¥æÌå«³ªoÂ¢Ä¢éBFig. 2 Å¦µ½åú Ëõ Å Ì ª ª èÅ Í Ô ªð \ ª40_50 ps ÆCÀ±ÅÍ 5 kHz Å­U·épXðCÆËÊuð¸[U[v[uÉæéªèi`100 fsjæèàòéªC

çµÄA±IÉÅ¿ñÅ¢éÌÉÎµC±Ì PEEM ÏÅIÀèóÔÉéÜÅÌ·¢ÔXP[iâ1 nsjÅ@ÅÍC ñ 1_2 ª ÌTCN ÅPp XÅ¿ ÝCÏÌÏªÍCdelay line ÉæéxÏªi1 nsjðp¢ÈªCÁ¥ðsÁÄ¢é½ßC[U[oÍÌ·ÔÅÌs¢úËõªèªJo[Å«éÌæÅèC¥CóÔÌ®S

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Dt0_5 ns ÅÌÔªð XMCD_PEEM ÏªÌÊðFig. 4(b)ÉC[U[X|bgSi10~20 mmjÅÌMCD ­xÌvbgð Fig. 4(c)É¦·B[U[pXÆË©ç100_150 ps öxÅ¬â©ÉÁ¥³êC ns öxÅÙÚÅIIÈ¥»óÔÉ¿¢Ä¢é±Æªª©éB

Fig. 4(c)ÉC¸ÖÉæé¥»ÌÔÏ»ÌtBbeBOÊà¦µÄ¢éBæÉq×½æ¤ÉC[U[ÆË3. Ni81Fe19 }CN¥C~ÕÌüg¤Â^®
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Fig. 5a, Schematic image of micron­sized Ni81Fe19 disk and its magnetic structure. b, Schematic drawings and photo­graph of sample with CPW structure mounted on sample holder. c, Schematic image of measurement geometry oftime­resolved PEEM under Rf magnetic elds. d, Timing chart of pump­probe measurements using 42.4 MHz acmagnetic eld and SR pulses of 23.6 ns intervals. e, Time­resolved XMCD_PEEM images at 708 eV (Fe L3­edge)of Ni81Fe19 disks 6.7 and 6 mm in diameter at representative delay times (or phases).

IÈùñ^®ðUNÅ«éBÜ½C¥ê¾¯ÅÈ­d¬É±ÌðºÅÍ¼añ6.7 mm Ì~Õª42 MHz ÉRAùæÁÄàXsgXt@[gNðîµÄ¯lÌ^®

ñ^®Ì¤ÂügðÁÄ¢é±ÆðV~ªUN³êé22,23)B]ÁÄCsö­«¥CÈÇÈdvZÉæÁÄmFµÄ¢éBÍfoCXÌÝvwjð¾é½ßÌiDÌf\¢ÌÆ[VªÀ±Ì^C~O`[gð Fig. 5(d)É¦·B¢¦éB»±ÅCüg¥ê/dêãNºÅÌÔªðüg¥êÍCp^[d¬d¹©çügd¬ð CPW ÉPEEM ªèÉæÁÄ Ni81Fe19 ¥C~ÕÌ¥CRA¤Â^±ü·é±ÆÅ­¶³¹Ä¢éBügÍúËõpXÆ®ÌÏªðÝ½B¯ú³¹Ä¨èCñ42.4 MHz Å

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¯²üÉæèÖ¦½iFig. 5(bjjB±êÉæèC¿üèÈñAIÅÌdHÉ cm öxÌñ¯²ªcÁÄ¢éàÌÌCàKvÆµÈ¢B10 MHz ÑÌ³·gð80÷ÈãÌoÍø¦Å±üÂ\ÆÈÁ½Bªè¿Ídqü\OtB[ÆtgIt@ÉæÁé½ßCDC ¥êÉæé¥æÌZbg@\¼ a 6 mm ¨ æ Ñ 6.7 mm Ì Ni81Fe19 ¥ C ~ Õ É Â ¢ÄCüg¥êãNºÅÌÔªð PEEM ð Fig. 5(e)É¦·B¤ÂðÉ

éÆ³êé6.7 mm Ì~ÕÅÍ¼aÄì¬µ½BM_» Si îÂãÉRvi[EFCuKC¨æ»300_400 nm Ìå«Èùñ^®ªmFÅ«éBäXhicoplanar waveguide, CPWj`óÉ Au dÉð÷×ÁÌßÌ¤ÅÍC[U[pXðgK[Æµ½PêHµC»ÌSüãÉ¼a 6_7 mm Ì¡Ì Ni81Fe19 }C¥êpXi`60 OejãNÉæÁÄ¯öxÌRAÌÏÊN¥C~Õðzuµ½iFig. 5(cjjBúÍ30 nm ÅCðÏªµÄ¢éª7,8) C¡ñÌÀ±Å±üµ½üg¥ê

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Progress in spin­dynamics measurements bymeans of time­resolved photoemission electron
microscopy (TR_PEEM)
Takuo OHKOCHIAbstract

Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/SPring­8
1_1_1, Koto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679_5198, Japan

In the experimental station for photoemission electron microscopy at BL25SU beamline (soft x­
ray spectroscopy of solid) in SPring­8, we have established experimental system for pump­probe
measurements, intending to observe non­equilibrium electronic/magnetic states with a temporal
resolution of sub­nanoseconds. In this paper, I introduce recent research and technical achieve­
ments of magnetic dynamics observation on ferrimagnetic GdFeCo perpendicularly magnetizedthin lms and radiofrequency­resonant gyration of the magnetic core in NiFe micron­sized mag­netic disks.

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