甲A第１３号証の1
United Nations

FCCC/PA /CM A /2023/16/A dd.1
Distr.: General
15 M arch 2024
Original: English

Conference of the Parties serving as the meetingof the Parties to the Paris Agreement

Report of the Conference of the Parties serving as themeeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement on its
fifth session, held in the United Arab Emirates from30 November to 13 December 2023
Addendum
Part two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties serving as themeeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement at its fifth session

Contents
Decisions adopted by the Conference of the Parties serving as
the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement
DecisionPage

1/CM A .5

Outcome of the first global stocktake .......................................................................

2

2/CM A .5

Global goal on adaptation ..........................................................................................

22

3/CM A .5

United A rab Emirates just transition work programme ............................................

29

4/CM A .5

Sharm el-Sheikh mitigation ambition and implementation work programme
referred to in decision 4/CM A .4 ................................................................................

32

Operationalization of the new funding arrangements, including a fund,for responding to loss and damage referred to in paragraphs 2-3 ofdecisions 2/CP.27 and 2/CM A .4................................................................................

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5/CM A .5

GE.24-05021 (E)FCCC/PA/CM A/2023/16/Add.1

Decision 1/CM A.5
Outcome of the first global stocktake
The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris
Agreement,
Recalling A rticle 2, paragraph 1, of the Paris A greement, which provides that the
A greement, in enhancing the implementation of the Convention, including its objective, aims
to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change, in the context of sustainable
development and efforts to eradicate poverty,
Also recalling A rticle 2, paragraph 2, of the Paris A greement, which provides that the
A greement will be implemented to reflect equity and the principle of common but
differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different national
circumstances,
Further recalling, as provided in A rticle 14, paragraph 1, of the Paris A greement, that
the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris A greement
shall periodically take stock of the implementation of the Paris A greement to assess thecollective progress towards achieving the purpose of the A greement and its long-term goals,
and that it shall do so in a comprehensive and facilitative manner, considering mitigation,
adaptation and the means of implementation and support, and in the light of equity and thebest available science,
Recalling, as provided in A rticle 14, paragraph 3, of the Paris A greement, that theoutcome of the global stocktake shall inform Parties in updating and enhancing, in anationally determined manner, their actions and support in accordance with the relevant
provisions of the A greement, as well as in enhancing international cooperation for climate
action,Also recalling decisions 19/CM A .1, 1/CM A .2, 1/CM A .3 and 1/CM A .4,
Underlining the critical role of multilateralism based on United Nations values andprinciples, including in the context of the implementation of the Convention and the Paris
A greement, and the importance of international cooperation for addressing global issues,
including climate change, in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate
poverty,Acknowledging that climate change is a common concern of humankind and that
Parties should, when taking action to address climate change, respect, promote and consider
their respective obligations on human rights, the right to a clean, healthy and sustainable
environment, the right to health, the rights of Indigenous Peoples, local communities,
migrants, children, persons with disabilities and people in vulnerable situations and the rightto development, as well as gender equality, empowerment of women and intergenerational
equity,Recognizing the fundamental priority of safeguarding food security and ending
hunger, and the particular vulnerabilities of food production systems to the adverse impactsof climate change,
Also recognizing the critical role of protecting, conserving and restoring water
systems and water-related ecosystems in delivering climate adaptation benefits andco-benefits, while ensuring social and environmental safeguards,
Noting the importance of ensuring the integrity of all ecosystems, including in forests,
the ocean, mountains and the cryosphere, and the protection of biodiversity, recognized bysome cultures as M other Earth, and also noting the importance of “ climate justice” , when
taking action to address climate change,
Underlining the urgent need to address, in a comprehensive and synergetic manner,
the interlinked global crises of climate change and biodiversity loss in the broader context ofachieving the Sustainable Development Goals, as well as the vital i mportance of protecting,

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conserving, restoring and sustainably using nature and ecosystems for effective andsustainable climate action,

I.

Context and cross-cutting considerations
1.
Welcomes that the Paris A greement has driven near-universal climate action by setting
goals and sending signals to the world regarding the urgency of responding to the climate
crisis;2.
Underlines that, despite overall progress on mitigation, adaptation and means of
implementation and support, Parties are not yet collectively on track towards achieving the
purpose of the Paris A greement and its long-term goals;
3.
Reaffirms the Paris A greement temperature goal of holding the increase in the global
average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts tolimit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that thiswould significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change;
4.
Underscores that the impacts of climate change will be much lower at the temperature
increase of 1.5 °C compared with 2 °C and resolves to pursue efforts to limit the temperature
increase to 1.5 °C;
5.
Expresses serious concern that 2023 is set to be the warmest year on record and that
impacts from climate change are rapidly accelerating and emphasizes the need for urgent
action and support to keep the 1.5 °C goal within reach and to address the climate crisis in
this critical decade;6.
Commits to accelerate action in this critical decade on the basis of the best available
science, reflecting equity and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities andrespective capabilities in the light of different national circumstances and in the context ofsustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty;
7.
Underscores A rticle 2, paragraph 2, of the Paris A greement, which stipulates that the
A greement will be implemented to reflect equity and the principle of common but
differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different national
circumstances;
8.
Emphasizes that finance, capacity-building and technology transfer are criticalenablers of climate action;
9.
Reaffirms that sustainable and just solutions to the climate crisis must be founded onmeaningful and effective social dialogue and participation of all stakeholders, including
Indigenous Peoples, local communities and governments, women, and youth and children,and notes that the global transition to low emissions and climate-resilient development
provides opportunities and challenges for sustainable development and poverty eradication;
10.
Underlines that just transitions can support more robust and equitable mitigation
outcomes, with tailored approaches addressing different contexts;
11.
Recognizes the specific needs and special circumstances of developing country
Parties, especially those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climatechange, as provided for in the Convention and the Paris A greement;
12.
Welcomes the conclusion of the first global stocktake and expresses appreciation andgratitude to those involved in the technical dialogue thereunder and to the co-facilitators for
preparing the synthesis report1 and other outputs of the technical assessment component;
13.
Welcomes the high-level events convened under the first global stocktake and takes
note of the summary thereof;
14.
Welcomes the Sixth A ssessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change and expresses appreciation and gratitude to those involved in preparing the reports

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FCCC/SB/2023/9.
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FCCC/PA/CM A/2023/16/Add.1

in the sixth assessment cycle for their excellent work and dedication to continuing their work
during the extraordinary circumstances of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic;
15.
Notes with alarm and serious concern the following findings of the Sixth A ssessment
Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change:(a)That human activities, principally through emissions of greenhouse gases, haveunequivocally caused global warming of about 1.1 °C;(b)That human-caused climate change impacts are already being felt in every
region across the globe, with those who have contributed the least to climate change being
most vulnerable to the impacts, and, together with losses and damages, will increase withevery increment of warming;(c)That most observed adaptation responses are fragmented, incremental, sectorspecific and unequally distributed across regions, and that, despite the progress made,significant adaptation gaps still exist across sectors and regions and will continue to growunder current levels of implementation;
16.
Notes the following findings of the Sixth A ssessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change:(a)That mitigation efforts embedded within the wider development context canincrease the pace, depth and breadth of emissions reductions, as well as that policies that shiftdevelopment pathways towards sustainability can broaden the portfolio of available
mitigation responses and enable the pursuit of synergies with development objectives;(b)That both adaptation and mitigation financing would need to increase
manyfold, and that there is sufficient global capital to close the global investment gap but
there are barriers to redirecting capital to climate action, and that Governments through publicfunding and clear signals to investors are key in reducing these barriers, and investors, central
banks and financial regulators can also play their part;(c)That feasible, effective and low-cost mitigation options are already available
in all sectors to keep 1.5 °C within reach in this critical decade with the necessary cooperationon technologies and support;
17.
Notes with concern the pre-2020 gaps in both mitigation ambition and implementation
by developed country Parties and that the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change had
earlier indicated that developed countries must reduce emissions by 25–40 per cent below
1990 levels by 2020, which was not achieved;

II.

Collective progress towards achieving the purpose and longterm goals of the Paris Agreement, including under Article 2,paragraph 1(a–c), in the light of equity and the best available
science, and informing Parties in updating and enhancing, ina nationally determined manner, action and support

A.

M itigation
18.
Acknowledges that significant collective progress towards the Paris A greement
temperature goal has been made, from an expected global temperature increase of 4 °C
according to some projections prior to the adoption of the A greement to an increase in therange of 2.1–2.8 °C with the full implementation of the latest nationally determined
contributions;19.
Expresses appreciation that all Parties have communicated nationally determined
contributions that demonstrate progress towards achieving the Paris A greement temperature
goal, most of which provided the information necessary to facilitate their clarity, transparency
and understanding;

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20.
Commends the 68 Parties that have communicated long-term low greenhouse gas
emission development strategies and notes that 87 per cent of the global economy in termsof share of gross domestic product is covered by targets for climate neutrality, carbon
neutrality, greenhouse gas neutrality or net zero emissions, which provides the possibility ofachieving a temperature increase below 2 °C when taking into account the full
implementation of those strategies;
21.
Notes with concern the findings in the latest version of the synthesis report onnationally determined contributions that implementation of current nationally determined
contributions would reduce emissions on average by 2 per cent compared with the 2019 levelby 2030 and that significantly greater emission reductions are required to align with global
greenhouse gas emission trajectories in line with the Paris A greement temperature goal andrecognizes the urgent need to address this gap;
22.
Notes the findings in the synthesis report on nationally determined contri butions thatgreenhouse gas emission levels in 2030 are projected to be 5.3 per cent lower than in 2019 if
all nationally determined contributions, including all conditional elements, are fully
implemented and that enhanced financial resources, technology transfer and technicalcooperation, and capacity-building support are needed to achieve this;23.
Notes with concern the findings of the Sixth A ssessment Report of theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change that policies implemented by the end of 2020are projected to result in higher global greenhouse gas emissions than those implied by thenationally determined contributions, indicating an implementation gap, and resolves to takeaction to urgently address this gap;
24.
Notes with significant concern that, despite progress, global greenhouse gas emissions
trajectories are not yet in line with the Paris A greement temperature goal, and that there is a
rapidly narrowing window for raising ambition and implementing existing commitments inorder to achieve it;
25.
Expresses concern that the carbon budget consistent with achieving the Paris
A greement temperature goal is now small and being rapidly depleted and acknowledges that
historical cumulative net carbon dioxide emissions already account for about four fifths ofthe total carbon budget for a 50 per cent probability of limiting global warming to 1.5 °C;
26.
Recognizes the finding in the Synthesis Report of the Sixth A ssessment Report of theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,2 based on global modelled pathways andassumptions, that global greenhouse gas emissions are projected to peak between 2020 andat the latest bef ore 2025 in global modelled pathways that limit warming to 1.5 °C with noor limited overshoot and in those that limit warming to 2 °C and assume immediate action,notes that this does not imply peaking in all countries within this time frame, and that timeframes for peaking may be shaped by sustainable development, poverty eradication needs
and equity and be in line with different national circumstances and recognizes that technology
development and transfer on voluntary and mutually agreed terms, as well as capacity building and financing, can support countries in this regard;
27.
Also recognizes that limiting global warming to 1.5 °C with no or limited overshootrequires deep, rapid and sustained reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions of 43 percent by 2030 and 60 per cent by 2035 relative to the 2019 level and reaching net zero carbon
dioxide emissions by 2050;
28.
Further recognizes the need for deep, rapid and sustained reductions in greenhousegas emissions in line with 1.5 °C pathways and calls on Parties to contribute to the following
global efforts, in a nationally determined manner, taking into account the Paris A greement
and their different national circumstances, pathways and approaches:

2Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2023. Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report.
Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth A ssessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change. Geneva: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. A vailable athttps://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/.
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FCCC/PA/CM A/2023/16/Add.1(a)
Tripling renewable energy capacity globally and doubling the global averageannual rate of energy efficiency improvements by 2030;(b)

A ccelerating efforts towards the phase-down of unabated coal power;(c)
A ccelerating efforts globally towards net zero emission energy systems,
utilizing zero- and low-carbon fuels, well before or by around mid-century;(d)Transitioning away from fossil fuels in energy systems, in a just, orderly andequitable manner, accelerating action in this critical decade, so as to achieve net zero by 2050
in keeping with the science;(e)
A ccelerating zero- and low-emission technologies, including, inter alia,
renewables, nuclear, abatement and removal technologies such as carbon capture andutilization and storage, particularly in hard-to-abate sectors, and low-carbon hydrogenproduction;(f)
A ccelerating the substantial reduction of non-carbon-dioxide emissions
globally, in particular methane emissions by 2030;(g)
A ccelerating the reduction of emissions from road transport on a range ofpathways, including through development of infrastructure and rapid deployment ofzero- and low-emission vehicles;(h)Phasing out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies that do not address energy poverty
or just transitions, as soon as possible;
29.
Recognizes that transitional fuels can play a role in facilitating the energy transition
while ensuring energy security;
30.
Welcomes that over the past decade mitigation technologies have become increasingly
available, and that the unit costs of several low-emission technologies have fallen
continuously, notably wind power and solar power and storage, thanks to technologicaladvancements, economies of scale, increased efficiency and streamlined manufacturing
processes, while recognizing the need to increase the affordability and accessibility of suchtechnologies;
31.
Emphasizes the urgent need for accelerated implementation of domestic mitigation
measures in accordance with A rticle 4, paragraph 2, of the Paris A greement, as well as theuse of voluntary cooperation referred to in A rticle 6, paragraph 1, of the Paris A greement;
32.
Also emphasizes the urgent need to strengthen integrated, holistic and balanced nonmarket approaches in accordance with A rticle 6, paragraph 8, of the Paris A greement, in thecontext of sustainable development and poverty eradication, in a coordinated and effective
manner, including through mitigation, adaptation, finance, technology transfer and capacitybuilding, as appropriate;
33.
Further emphasizes the importance of conserving, protecting and restoring nature andecosystems towards achieving the Paris A greement temperature goal, including throughenhanced efforts towards halting and reversing deforestation and forest degradation by 2030,
and other terrestrial and marine ecosystems acting as sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases
and by conserving biodiversity, while ensuring social and environmental safeguards, in linewith the K unming-M ontreal Global Biodiversity Framework;
34.
Notes the need for enhanced support and investment, including through financial
resources, technology transfer and capacity-building, for efforts towards halting andreversing def orestation and forest degradation by 2030 in the context of sustainable
development and poverty eradication, in accordance with A rticle 5 of the Paris A greement,
including through results-based payments for policy approaches and positive incentives for
activities relating to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and therole of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon
stocks in developing countries; and alternative policy approaches, such as joint mitigation
and adaptation approaches for the integral and sustainable management of forests, while
reaffirming the importance of incentivizing, as appropriate, non-carbon benefits associatedwith such approaches;

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35.
Invites Parties to preserve and restore the ocean and coastal ecosystems and scale up,
as appropriate, ocean-based mitigation action;
36.
Notes the importance of transitioning to sustainable lifestyles and sustainable patternsof consumption and production in efforts to address climate change, including throughcircular economy approaches, and encourages efforts in this regard;
37.
Recalls A rticle 3 and A rticle 4, paragraphs 3, 4, 5 and 11, of the Paris A greement andrequests Parties that have not yet done so to revisit and strengthen the 2030 targets in theirnationally determined contributions as necessary to ali gn with the Paris A greement
temperature goal by the end of 2024, taking into account different national circumstances;38.
Recalls A rticle 4, paragraph 4, of the Paris A greement, which provides that developed
country Parties should continue taking the lead by undertaking economy-wide absoluteemission reduction targets, and that developing country Parties should continue enhancing
their mitigation efforts and are encouraged to move over time towards economy-wide
emission reduction or limitation targets in the light of different national circumstances;
39.
Reaffirms the nationally determined nature of nationally determined contributions andA rticle 4, paragraph 4, of the Paris A greement and encourages Parties to come forward intheir next nationally determined contributions with ambitious, economy-wide emission
reduction targets, covering all greenhouse gases, sectors and categories and aligned withlimiting global warming to 1.5 °C, as informed by the latest science, in the light of different
national circumstances;
40.
Notes the importance of aligning nationally determined contributions with long-term
low greenhouse gas emission development strategies and encourages Parties to align theirnext nationally determined contributions with long-term low greenhouse gas emission
development strategies;
41.
Notes the capacity challenges of the least developed countries and small island
developing States related to preparing and communicating nationally determined
contributions;42.
Urges Parties that have not yet done so and invites all other Parties to communicate
or revise, by the sixth session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of theParties to the Paris A greement (November 2024), their long-term low greenhouse gas
emission development strategies referred to in A rticle 4, paragraph 19, of the Paris A greement
towards just transitions to net zero emissions by or around mid-century, taking into accountdifferent national circumstances;

B.

Adaptation
43.
Emphasizes the importance of the global goal on adaptation of enhancing adaptive
capacity, strengthening resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate change with a viewto contributing to sustainable development and ensuring an adequate adaptation response in
the context of the temperature goal ref erred to in A rticle 2 of the Paris A greement;
44.
Recognizes the increasing adaptation planning and implementation efforts being
undertaken by Parties towards enhancing adaptive capacity, strengthening resilience andreducing vulnerability, as set out in national adaptation plans, adaptation communications
and nationally determined contributions, as appropriate, and welcomes that 51 Parties havesubmitted national adaptation plans and 62 Parties have submitted adaptation
communications to date;
45.
Recognizes the significant ef forts of developing country Parties in formulating andimplementing national adaptation plans, adaptation communications and nationallydetermined contributions, as appropriate, including through their domestic expenditure, as
well as their increased efforts to align their national development plans;
46.
Also recognizes the significant challenges developing country Parties face inaccessing finance for implementing their national adaptation plans;7