Kazuraki®: Under The HoodDr. Ken Lunde | Senior Computer Scientist | Adobe Systems Incorporated© 2012 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

ATypI Hong Kong 2012, Hong Kong SAR, PRC, EarthWhy Develop Kazuraki?
To build excitement and awareness about OpenType® Japanese fonts
Kazuraki is the first fully-proportional OpenType Japanese font

To demonstrate OpenType layout capabilities of Adobe® applications

To guide other type foundries to design and develop comparable fonts

The interest is not only in Japan, but extends to other East Asian countries

Kazuraki serves as an inspiration and model for other type foundries

Adobe Tech Note #5901 was specifically authored for this purpose

To expose poor assumptions in applications and font development toolsSo that they can be identified then subsequently fixed© 2012 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

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The Problem: Non-Standard Glyph Set

Virtually all glyphs require separate vertical forms
The glyphs may be identical, but shifting and metrics necessitate separate glyphs

For a very small number of glyphs, there are only vertical forms

Specialized glyphsTwo-, three-, and four-character vertical hiragana ligatures

Conclusion: Kazuraki does not “fit” the Adobe-Japan1-x ROS (glyph set)
“ROS” is an abbreviation for the three /CIDSystemInfo dictionary elements
/Registry, /Ordering & /Supplement

The Adobe-Japan1-x ROS is the industry standard for OpenType Japanese fonts© 2012 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

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The Solution: The Special-Purpose Adobe-Identity-0 ROS


A dynamic, locale-unspecific special-purpose glyph setSpecified in the /CIDSystemInfo dictionaryLocale and language are specified via other attributes in the OpenType font

Via the ‘OS/2’ and ‘name’ tables© 2012 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

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OpenType Implementation Details

Two very important goals
1.

Proportional metrics are the default—‘palt’ and ‘vpal’ GPOS features are not used2.

Vertical hiragana ligatures are “on” by defaultSolutions
Proportional metrics are specified as default in standard OpenType tables‘hmtx’ and ‘vmtx’

Vertical hiragana ligatures are accessible via the ‘liga’ GSUB featureGSUB feature lookup ordering is important‘vert’ (and ‘vrt2’) before ‘liga’

Clients—OSes, applications, and libraries—must respect feature lookup ordering

Serves as an example for other type foundries to follow
The production techniques are described and detailed in Adobe Tech Note #5901
Includes Japanese and Chinese translations© 2012 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

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OpenType Production Process

The data is first built as an intermediate OpenType font with standard featuresThe glyphs are optically centered within the 1000×1000 em-box
The ‘palt’ and ‘vpal’ GPOS features provide shifting values and new widthsThe horizontal and vertical glyphs require X- and Y-axis shifting, respectively

Intermediate glyphs are named according to Adobe-Japan1-x CIDs


In order to leverage existing Adobe-Japan1-x resourcesWith mono-spaced 1000-unit horizontal and vertical advances

UTF-32 CMap resource and GSUB features

Ligatures were named as sequences of Adobe-Japan1-x CIDsProportional Latin glyphs were added

Brioso Pro Semibold Display scaled to 108%

© 2012 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

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OpenType Production Process (cont’d)An elaborate Perl script was used to process the dataThe separate vertical glyphs were created by an AFDKO mergeFonts tool mapping fileThe ‘palt’ (horizontal) GPOS metrics were converted to AFDKO rotateFont tool directivesThe ‘vpal’ (vertical) GPOS metrics were converted to ‘vmtx’ table overridesY-axis shifting and new vertical advances

The Unicode CMap resource, for generating the ‘cmap’ table, was automatically createdX-axis shifting and new horizontal advances

Adobe-Japan1-x CIDs were used to leverage existing UTF-32 CMap resources

The ‘vert’ and ‘liga’ GSUB features were automatically created

The same Perl script was used for the production of all three versions
Prototype—1,223 glyphs (297 kanji, 17 vertical hiragana ligatures)

Version 1—2,973 glyphs (1,082 kanji, 50 vertical hiragana ligatures)—shipped

Version 2—3,776 glyphs (1,483 kanji, 51 vertical hiragana ligatures)—shipping© 2012 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

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Horizontal & Vertical Metrics: U+5FC5 必Kazuraki sources

Final Kazuraki glyph—CIDs 1531 (horizontal) and 3390 (vertical)

必	 Horizontal metrics directives—recorded in ‘CFF’ and ‘hmtx’ tables

1,376-unit advance—wide

154-unit right shift

Vertical metrics directives—recorded in ‘vmtx’ table

835-unit advance—short

125-unit upward shift© 2012 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

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Horizontal & Vertical Metrics: U+5FC5 必 (cont’d)Two mergeFonts mapping files—establishes the Adobe-Identity-0 CIDs
Horizontal
1531 CID3486

Vertical
3390 CID3486

One rotateFont mapping file—proportional horizontal glyph
1531 1531 1376 154 03390 3390 None 00The ‘vmtx’ table overrides in the “features” file—proportional vertical glyph
VertOriginY\3390 755; # 880 − 125

VertAdvanceY \3390 835;

© 2012 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

ATypI Hong Kong 2012, Hong Kong SAR, PRC, Earth9ҰHorizontal & Vertical Metrics: U+5FC5 必 (cont’d)© 2012 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

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Vertical Hiragana Ligature Metrics


‫ٍ ځ‬
‫ۇ‬
୰
‫ڒ‬
‫ڊ‬

Final Kazuraki glyph: CID+3730 (vertical only) うれしく (ureshiku)

⬆





Horizontal metrics directives—recorded in ‘CFF’ and ‘hmtx’ tables (unused)Default advance (1000 units)

No shift

Vertical metrics directives—recorded in ‘vmtx’ table

3,219-unit advance—very tall

1,119-unit downward shift© 2012 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

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Vertical Hiragana Ligature Metrics (cont’d)One mergeFonts mapping file—establishes the Adobe-Identity-0 CID
3730 CID847CID917CID864CID856v

One rotateFont mapping file—no metrics changes
3730 3730 None 0 0

The ‘vmtx’ table overrides in the “features” file—proportional vertical glyph
VertOriginY\3730 1999; # 880 + 1,119

VertAdvanceY \3730 3219;© 2012 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

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Vertical Considerations


Small kana and punctuation require separate vertical forms in standard fonts

Kazuraki requires separate vertical forms for all kana, kanji, and punctuation


They are repositioned, rotated, or rotated+flipped

The glyphs are otherwise identical

Why are separate vertical forms necessary?
The genuine proportional nature of the design necessitates X- and Y-axis shiftingHorizontal requires X-axis shiftingVertical required Y-axis shifting

The OpenType table that records default vertical metrics does not support X-axis shifts
The ‘vmtx’ table can record only vertical widths and Y-axis shifts

Thanks to subroutinization, the diﬀerence in filesize is minimal


The AFDKO makeotf tool, an OpenType font compiler, applies subroutinization by default© 2012 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

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Glyph Set Details
All kana—hiragana and katakanaPunctuation and symbols

A total of 51 two-, three-, and four-character vertical hiragana ligatures

1,483 kanjiProportional Latin

All 1,006 Gakushū Kanji (学習漢字) are included

150 glyphs from Brioso Pro Semibold Display, scaled to 108%

3,776 total glyphs—CIDs 0 through 3775


CIDs 1 through 1863: horizontal glyphs (Latin, punctuation, symbols, kana, and kanji)

CIDs 1864 through 3722: vertical forms of CIDs 1 through 1863



CIDs 3723 through 3775: vertical hiragana ligatures and kana iteration marks© 2012 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

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Useful URLs


AFDKO
http://www.adobe.com/devnet/opentype/afdko.html

Adobe Type Showroom
http://www.adobe.com/type/

Adobe’s CJK Type Blog
http://blogs.adobe.com/CCJKType/

Adobe Tech Note #5901
http://www.adobe.com/devnet/font/pdfs/5901.Kazuraki_Tutorial.pdf

OpenType Specification
http://www.microsoft.com/typography/otspec/© 2012 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

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© 2012 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.