IPTC
IPTC - NAA
Information
Interchange
M o d e l
Version 4
Comité International des Télécommunications de Presse

IPTC - NAA INFORMATION INTERCHANGE MODEL
Version No. 4
Rev 1 July 1999

Copy No:0000
ALTHOUGH IPTC AND NAA HAVE REVIEWED THE DOCUMENTATION, IPTC AND NAA
MAKE NO WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITHRESPECT TO THIS DOCUMENTATION, ITS QUALITY, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESSFOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THIS DOCUMENTATION IS SUPPLIED 'AS IS', AND
YOU, BY MAKING USE THEREOF, ARE ASSUMING THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO ITSQUALITY AND SUITABILITY FOR YOUR PURPOSE.
IN NO EVENT WILL IPTC OR NAA BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL,INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR
INABILITY TO USE THE DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES.

This document is copyrighted with all rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, it may not be
copied, photocopied or reproduced, translated or reduced to any electronic medium or
machine readable form, in whole or part, without the prior written consent of the International
Press Telecommunications Council or the Newspaper Association of America. When suppliedin electronic form this document may be printed in single copy for the sole use of theregistered purchaser.

Copyright © 1991,1993,1995,1997,1999
Comité International des Télécommunications de Presse
Sheet Street
WindsorBerks SL4 1BE
UNITED KINGDOM

Newspaper Association of America
1921 Gallows Road
Suite 600
ViennaVA 22182-3900 USA

All Rights Reserved. Fourth edition Rev 1 1999. Produced in the United Kingdom.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1. GENERAL

4CHAPTER 2. INFORMATION INTERCHANGE MODEL

11

CHAPTER 3. RECORDS

13

CHAPTER 4. IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

16

CHAPTER 5. ENVELOPE RECORD

18

CHAPTER 6. AP PLICATION RECORD

24

CHAPTER 7. DIGITAL NEWSPHOTO PARAMETER RECORD NUMBER 345

CHAPTER 8. RECORD NUMBER 4 (NOT ALLOCATED)45

CHAPTER 9. RECORD NUMBER 5 (NOT ALLOCATED)45

CHAPTER 10. ABSTRACT RELATIONSHIP RECORD NUMBER 645

CHAPTER 11. PRE-OBJECTDATA DESCRIPTOR RECORD

45

CHAPTER 12. OBJECTDATA RECORD NUMBER 846

CHAPTER 13. POST-OBJECTDATA DESCRIPTOR RECORD NUMBER 9

46

APPENDIX A. FILE FORMATS (DATASET 1:20)

47

APPENDIX B. ADDRESSES OF ORGANISATIONS MENTIONED

49

APPENDIX C. THE IPTC-NAA CODE LIBRARY50

APPENDIX D. THE IPTC-NAA COUNTRY CODES53

APPENDIX E. INFORMATION PROVIDERS REFERENCE

54

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Page 2APPENDIX F. ABSTRACT RELATIONSHIP METHOD IDENTIFIERS

55

APPENDIX G. OBJECT TYPE NUMBER AND OBJECT TYPE NAME
RELATIONSHIP56

APPENDIX H. OBJECT ATTRIBUTE NUMBER AND OBJECT ATTRIBUTE NAME
RELATIONSHIP56
APPENDIX I. SUBJECT REFERENCE NUMBER AND SUBJECT NAME
RELATIONSHIP57

APPENDIX J. SUBJECT MATTER NAME AND SUBJECT REFERENCE NUMBER
RELATIONSHIP59
APPENDIX K. SUBJECT DETAIL NAME AND SUBJECT REFERENCE NUMBER
RELATIONSHIP (ECONOMY, BUSINESS & FINANCE)65

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IPTC-NAA INFORMATION INTERCHANGE MODEL PART I
Chapter 1.

GENERAL

Section 1.1 INTRODUCTION
Section 1.2 World-wide standardisation has become an acknowledged requirementin the graphics and information industry. In telecommunications, standardisation iscentred upon the widely accepted seven-layer "Open Systems Interconnection" (OSI)model. While the lower five or six layers of this model are filled by other bodies, suchas telecommunications companies or administrations, the CCITT, the ISO andmanufacturers, it remains the responsibility of the users of information to define themodel for the dissemination of data.
Section 1.3 The Newspaper Association of America (NAA) and the International
Press Telecommunications Council (IPTC) have worked jointly to design a globally
applicable model for all kinds of data. Every effort has been made for this model to be
as compatible as possible with ISO and CCITT standards in the fields of application.
The joint effort will continue for further development and for amendment whenadvisable.
Section 1.4 This model is designed to provide for universal communications
embracing all types of data, including text, photos, graphics, etc. on a single networkor a single storage medium. A mechanism is provided to use existing formats duringtransition.
Section 1.5 The model assumes that the sender wishes to transfer a data object,such as a photographic image, text or perhaps a combination of many types. An
envelope is provided around the object for information as to the type of data and thefile format. Additional information, such as caption, news category or dateline also is
included. The object itself is transferred, together with information regarding the size ofthe data.
Section 1.6 Thus ANY form of computerised data may be transferred, together withpertinent editorial and technical information.
Section 1.7 Older practice consisted primarily of rigidly formatted "headers" with anumber of required fields denoting such things as story priority or category. The model
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tion about the object consists of "DataSets," each with its own identifier. Only those
DataSets required for an application are mandatory. Other DataSets are optional andare utilised only when the provider deems it necessary to do so.
Section 1.8 SCOPE
This document defines:-

The envelope for information.

-

The method by which existing standards for news information can be
included.

-

The records for additional information about the object.

-

The data structure to be used for presentation of information.

-

An application record to provide pertinent editorial information about
the object to be transmitted.

-

Guidelines for implementation.

Section 1.9 FIELD OF APPLICATION(a) This document applies to the digital data distributed by news service carriers totheir subscribers or interchanged between individual users.
Section 1.10 RELATION TO OSI(a) This document describes the standardised representation of news information
for the applications layer (Layer 7) of the ISO Open Systems Interconnection
Model (OSI). NOTE: The association to OSI layers may be redefined as OSI
connectionless application standards are developed.
Section 1.11 MODEL DEVELOPMENT(a) The introduction of new DataSets (or dropping of old) in records 1, 2, 7, 8 and 9
will occur only after international concurrence.
(b) Records 3 through 6 will be managed by originators of the formats contained inrecord No. 1.

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TERMS, DEFINITIONS AND NOTATION
For the purpose of this recommendation, the following definitions apply:
Section 1.12 Actuality: The sound of a newsmaker, e.g. from a speech, interview,etc. Also known as a "sound bite."
Section 1.13 AIFF: A sound file format for the Apple Macintosh, can be converted toWAVE and vice versa.
Section 1.14 alphabetic, alphabetic character: An alphabetic character is memberof a set of characters representing letters of the alphabet.
Example: In the ISO 646 character set, alphabetic characters are between
4/1 and 5/10 (A through Z) and between 6/1 and 7/10 (a through z), all
inclusive. Alphabetic characters are shown in this document enclosed insingle quotation marks, e.g. 'a', 'T', 'u'.
A series of alphabetic characters is shown in double quotation marks, e.g.
"IPTC", "Berlin", "Paris".
Section 1.15 binary number: A series of n data bits bn-1, bn-2 ... b0 where bn-1 isthe highest order, or most significant bit and b0 is the lowest order, or least significant
bit. As represented in this document, binary numbers always are expressed from left
to right with the left-most bit the most significant bit and the right-most bit the leastsignificant bit. If the binary numbers are formed by multiple octets, the bits forming any
octet are presumed to be less significant than those of any octet to the left and moresignificant than those of any octet to the right. For example, if two octets, numberedleft to right as 1 and 2, are taken together as a binary number, octet No. 1 will containthe most significant bits.
Decimal Interpretation:
The bit combinations are identified by notations of the form xxx..., wherexxx... is a number in the range 000-infinity. The correspondence between thebits and their value is as follows:
Bitsbn-1, bn-2 ... b0

Weight 2n-1, 2n-2 ... 20
The least significant bit, i.e. the bit of lowest value always is aligned with theleast significant bit of the octet or other data frame containing it.
Section 1.16 bit resolution: The accuracy of digitisation, e.g. 8-bit or 16-bit. Alongwith duration, sampling rate and number of channels (mono/stereo), affects the size ofthe audio file.
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Section 1.17 CCITT: Comité Consultatif International Télégraphique et Téléphonique. Defunct organisation. Formerly an organisation of telephone and telegraphproviders with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. Replaced in December 1992 by adivision of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) Standardization Sector.
Section 1.18 character: A member of a set of elements used for the organisation,
control or representation of data.
Section 1.19 code table: A table showing the character allocated to each bit
combination in a code.
Section 1.20 Co-ordinated Universal Time (UTC): The time scale defined by the
Bureau International de l'Heure (International Time Bureau) that forms the basis of aco-ordinated dissemination of standard frequencies and time signals. The mismatch ofordering of characters between the name and initials is intentional.
1, The source of this definition is Recommendation 460-2 of theConsultative Committee on International Radio (CCIR). CCIR has
also defined the acronym for Co-ordinated Universal Time as UTC.
2, UTC is often (incorrectly) referred to as Greenwich Mean Time andappropriate signals are regularly broadcast.
Section 1.21 cut: A single audio object within the IIM envelope, e.g. actuality, wrap.
Section 1.22 day: A period of time of 24 hours starting at 0000 and ending at 2400
(which is equal to 0000 the following day).
Section 1.23 editorial information: Information primarily of interest to editors concerning the content of the object, such as date and place of creation, name of creator,etc. This information is contained in DataSets 2:xx of the Universal Application Record.
Section 1.24 editorial material: Data contained in the object that represents
observations, opinions or analysis of the provider as opposed to statistical data, that
simply reports data such as temperatures, sports scores, financial market prices, etc.
Section 1.25 graphic character: A member of a subset of a set of characters. The
graphic character subset includes all characters that have visual representation,
normally hand-written, printed or displayed, and that has a coded representationconsisting of one or more bit combinations. Control codes, space character (ISO 646
2/0) and DEL (ISO 646 7/15 ) are not graphic characters. The sets of alphabetic andnumeric characters are subsets of the set of graphic characters. Graphic characters
are shown in this document enclosed in single quotation marks, e.g. '*', 'T', '-'. A seriesof graphic characters are shown in double quotation marks, e.g. "IPTC-7901","DÜSSELDORF", "$1.99". Note that the visual representation of a graphic character
depends upon the character set invoked at the time of evaluation.
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Section 1.26 International Press Telecommunications Council (IPTC): An
organisation of news agencies, newspapers and other news organisations, with
headquarters in Windsor and formed for the establishment of news transmission
standards and other activities for the common benefit of its members. (Also known as
the Comité International des Télécommunications de Presse.)
The address is found in Appendix B.
Section 1.27 International Organization for Standardization (ISO): An international
body with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, to co-ordinate the work of national
bodies such as ANSI, BSI or DIN. Also involved are IEEE, ECMA and the IPTC. ISO is
broadly responsible for standards that operate over communications media. The
mismatch of ordering of characters between the name and initials is intentional.
Section 1.28 ISO 646: A coded set of characters based upon seven significant bits.
ISO 646 has numerous national versions. Unless otherwise specified, all references
herein contained are to the International Reference Version.
Section 1.29 ITU: International Telecommunications Union. An organisation of
telephone and telegraph providers with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. The ITU
reports to the United Nations Organisation (UNO). All telecommunications
administrations and recognised private common carriers belong to the ITU. The
address is found in Appendix B.
Section 1.30 minute: A period of time of 60 seconds.
Section 1.31 month, calendar: A period of time resulting from the division of acalendar year in twelve sequential periods of time, each with a specific name and containing a specific number of days.
Section 1.32 MPEG: Motion Picture Experts Group, Coding of Moving Pictures andAssociated Audio for Digital Storage Media, ISO/IEC 11172-3, Part 3 being the section
concerned with digital audio.
Section 1.33 NAA: The Newspaper Association of America was created on 1 June
1992 from the American Newspaper Publishers Association (ANPA), the Newspaper
Advertising Bureau (NAB), and six other newspaper associations. NAA represents
nearly 2000 newspapers in the United States, Canada, and around the world. The
address is found in Appendix B.
Section 1.34 numeric, numeric character: The textual representation by means of a
specific character set of the binary values 0-9 in decimal notation. Numeric characters
are a subset of the set of graphic characters and are the characters '0', '1', '2', '3', '4','5', '6', '7', '8', '9'. In this document, numeric characters are enclosed in single quotation
marks. Series of numeric characters are enclosed in double quotation marks, e.g.
"23", "124".
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Section 1.35 object: A term to describe the entire data collection of all records,
excluding record 1 DataSets concerned with data transmission, for an instance underthe Information Interchange Model.
Section 1.36 objectdata: A collection of binary data, such as a photo, news graphic
or text, that is the essence of the data to be presented and contained in Record 8.
Section 1.37 octet: A data frame of eight bits identified by b7, b6, b5, b4, b3, b2, b1 andb0 where b7 is the highest order, or most significant bit and b0 is the lowest order, or
least significant bit.
Unless otherwise specified, all references to bits of octets herein described
are from left to right with the most significant bit on the left and the leastsignificant bit on the right.
Character Definition by Chart Position:
The bit combinations are identified by notations of the form xx/yy, where xx
and yy are numbers in the range 00-15 or x/y where x and y are numbers in
the range 0-7. The correspondence between the notations of the form xx/yy
and the bit combination consisting of the bits b7-b0 are as follows:xx
Bits
Weight

b7
8

b6
4

yy
b5
2

b4
1

b3
8

b2
4

b1
2

b0
1

The bit combinations are identified by notation of the form xxx, where xxx is anumber in the range 000-255. The correspondence between the notations of
the form xxx and the bit combination consisting of the bits b7-b0 are as
follows:

Decimal Interpretation:
Bits
Weight

b7

b6

b5

b4

b3

b2

b1

b0

128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

Section 1.38 outcue: The last spoken words heard on the audio, used to help editorsand news anchors construct program scripts and resume speaking after the broadcastof an audio file.
Section 1.39 OSI model: OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection, a term used
to describe the agreed international standards by which open systems communicate.
The OSI model, jointly defined by CCITT and the ISO, is an architectural model withseven layers. Layers 5 through 7 (Session, Presentation, Application) concern thefunctions of interworking. The model is described in the ISO 7498 standard.
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Section 1.40 sampling rate: The frequency at which analogue audio signals aremeasured. Each sample is a measure of the signal's level at a discrete time. Alongwith bit resolution, duration and number of channels (mono/stereo), affects the size ofan audio file.
Section 1.41 scener: An audio report in which a correspondent describes a scene
being viewed, usually with natural sound background.
Section 1.42 second: A basic unit of measurement of time in the International
System of Units (SI) as defined in ISO 31-1.
Section 1.43 Unicode: Version 2 of the uniform encoding scheme for written
characters and text. Published by the Unicode Consortium in ISBN 0-201-48345-9.
Section 1.44 Unstructured Character Oriented File Format (UCOFF): The UCOFF
consists of a collection of data mapped to the coded character set ISO 646 IRV unlessdefined otherwise in DataSet 1:90. The UCOFF is intended to be a means of
exchanging data commonly known as "text", including non-printing characters as
defined within the coded character set. The UCOFF is not intended to be a "catch all"means of transmitting unregistered file formats. Implementors or users of formatted
data should seek appropriate registration.
Section 1.45 UTF-8: Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS)
Transformation Format-8 as specified in the Unicode Technical Report #4 and outlinedin RFC 2044. UTF-8 allows Unicode data to be encoded into a varying number ofoctets depending on the integer value assigned to the original character. In particular
Unicode character values from 0 to 127 are encoded in UTF-8 using the same octet
values as in ISO 646. May be used when transmitting data through 8-bit oriented
protocols
Section 1.46 voicer: An audio report which consists solely of a correspondent's voice.
Section 1.47 WAVE: Also known as RIFF WAVE, a file format developed by Microsoft
and IBM consisting of a header section that describes the recording parameters of theaudio and the audio data itself. Can be converted to AIFF and vice versa.
Section 1.48 wrap: An audio report which includes the voices of both acorrespondent (or correspondents) and a newsmaker (or newsmakers).
Section 1.49 year, calendar: A cyclic period of time in a calendar that is required for
one revolution of the earth around the sun.

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Chapter 2.

INFORMATION INTERCHANGE MODEL

Section 1.1 Functionality
The Information Interchange Model consists of a number of records in a
structure described below and which detail into five sub-layers, namely:-

Object Envelope Record, DataSets in the range of 1:xx-

Application Records, DataSets in the range 2:xx through 6:xx-

Pre-ObjectData Descriptor Record, DataSets in the range 7:xx-

ObjectData Record, DataSets in the range 8:xx-

Post-ObjectData Descriptor Record, DataSets in the range 9:xx(a) Functionality of the Object Envelope Record
This record is mandatory and envelops all types of objectdata, including data
encapsulated in previously defined formats or headers, which themselves can beenveloped by the 1:xx record, thus enabling the use of older formats within the newmodel. Within record 1:xx, DataSets 1:00, 1:20, 1:22, 1:30, 1:40 and 1:70 aremandatory.
(i) File Formats are valid only by international agreement and are to be found in
Appendix A to this document.
(ii) The DataSets will permit a single link to be used for transmission of any type of
data. The recipient may sort or buffer data temporarily so that the data may besent to the appropriate subsystem.
(b) Functionality of the Application Records(i) Since the model is designed to encapsulate older formats, if required, somemeans must be provided to supply information that otherwise might not beprovided in those older formats. Records 2:xx through 6:xx provide thecapability to do this. Records 2:xx through 6:xx may optionally be usedregardless of whether they duplicate any information that might be contained
within the envelope record.
(c) Functionality of the Pre-ObjectData Descriptor Record(i) Record 7:xx is mandatory and provides a means of describing the size of theobjectdata file.
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Page 11(d) Functionality of the ObjectData Record(i) Record 8:xx is mandatory and provides the actual objectdata contained in one
or more DataSets. The object may be sent in one or more packets of DataSet
8:10, however, the DataSets must occur in sequential order without
intervening DataSets.
(e) Functionality of the Post-ObjectData Descriptor Record(i) Record 9:xx is mandatory and gives the size of the objectdata file.

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Chapter 3.

RECORDS

Section 1.1 Ordering of Records(a) Records must be in numerical order. However, DataSets within a record neednot be in numerical order, unless otherwise specified in the DataSet description.
Section 1.2 Occurrence of Records(a) If the provider elects to use Part II of the Model (Records No. 2 through No. 6),
they should appear only in one iteration, e.g. there should be no more Record
2s after Record 6.
Section 1.3 Record Structure(a) Each record is composed of DataSets:
DataSet 1

RecordDataSet 2

DataSet 3

Section 1.4 DataSets(a) Each DataSet consists of a unique tag and a data field.
(b) Only a few DataSets have fixed length: all DataSets (except for record 8
containing the object) have maximum length, although in most cases it is not
required to fill that length. There is no end-of-DataSet marker.
(c) The tag identifier is globally unique in the usage of records 1, 7, 8 and 9. In
records 2 through 6 different usage may occur for different types of data.
(d) There are two types of DataSets: standard and extended. A standard tag isutilised when the number of octets in the data field is equal to or less than
32767. Otherwise, the extended DataSet is used.

Standard DataSet
Tag
Data Field

Tag

Extended DataSet
Data Field
Octet Count

Data Field

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Section 1.5 Tags(a) General
Tags may be of two types, depending upon whether the length of the data
field is equal to or less than 32767 (decimal) octets in length.
(b) The Standard DataSet Tag(i) If the length of the data field is equal to or less than 32767 octets in length, thetag is composed of five octets defined as follows.

1
Tag
MarkerStandard DataSet Tag
2
3
RecordDataSetNumberNumber4
5
Data Field
Octet Count(ii) Octet 1
is the tag marker that initiates the start of a DataSet and is always position
1/12.
(iii) Octet 2 is the binary representation of the record number. Note that theenvelope record number is always 1, and that the application records arenumbered 2 through 6, the pre-object descriptor record is 7, the object record
is 8, and the post-object descriptor record is 9.
(iv) Octet 3 is the binary representation of the DataSet number.
(v) Octets 4 and 5, taken together, are the binary count of the number of octets inthe following data field (32767 or fewer octets). Note that the value of bit 7 ofoctet 4 (most significant bit) always will be 0.
(c) The Extended DataSet Tag
If the length of the data field is greater than 32767 octets, the tag iscomposed of five octets defined as follows plus a field describing the lengthof the data field. The length of the Data Field Length Descriptor is provided inbinary form in the 15 least significant bits of octets 4 and 5 taken together asa binary number. The value of the most significant bit (bit 7 of octet 4) always
is 1 to flag that the extended DataSet is in effect. Otherwise, it is constructed
the same as the Standard DataSet Tag.
1
Tag
Marker2
RecordNumberExtended DataSet Tag
3
4
5
DataSetLength of
NumberData Field
Octet Count
Field

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Octet Count

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Section 1.6 Coded Character Set(a) Record 1:xx shall use coded character set ISO 646 International Reference
Version or ISO 4873 Default Version .
Section 1.7 Envelope Record DataSets(a) Interpretation(i) Some DataSets are described as "publishable." The information in such
DataSets is expected to be composed in such a way that it can be printed orotherwise published "as is."(ii) Some DataSets are described as "advisory." The information in such DataSets
is expected to be human-readable. NO machine-readable information should
be anticipated in these DataSets.
(b) Encapsulation of Older Formats(i) If a receiving system reads the file format as an existing header and content
format such as IPTC7901, it may then interpret DataSet 8:10 (Object) as aswitch to begin accepting data and interpreting in that format. In such a case,that format's end of data signal would function as the signal to return to theenvelope record level or to return control to lower layers, whichever isappropriate.
Likewise, upon finding that the defined format has its own specific application
records, the DataSets of records 2-6 will be interpreted in the manner specificto that format.

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Chapter 4.

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINESThis section is for the software engineer or programmer to use as a guideline when
implementing this model.
Section 1.1 There is no end-of-DataSet marker. If the receiving system has notdetected a new DataSet in the first octet following the end of the preceding data field,
as described by the length, the system should assume an error and recoveraccordingly.
Section 1.2 An input program should use the octet counts and not simply search for
tag markers as delimiters because the fields can contain binary data that may be of
the same value as the tag markers themselves.
Section 1.3 A program should ignore a DataSet it does not recognise without
rejecting the otherwise acceptable data or terminating the application program. In thismanner information that might be provided in new application records will not affectunmodified programs.
Section 1.4 A program encountering a DataSet with a repeated tag number should
assume that it is "more or another of the same", e.g. as where a sequence of subfiles(or sub-images) is encountered. If a repeated tag number is encountered for a
DataSet defined as non-repeatable, an error condition is assumed and handled
without aborting the program and without aborting data capture, i.e. the data of thefirst-encountered DataSet should be retained. The maximum number of repeats is notdefined. Where DataSets are repeatable, only one piece of data should be included inthat DataSet. For example, a DataSet defining news categories should include one
category per DataSet.
Section 1.5 A single transmission can include multiple objects of various types ofdata. If layer 5 or 6 of the OSI model has not received an end-of-transmission, thereceiving system should expect to receive a DataSet 1:xx and subsequent DataSets.
Section 1.6 If the Envelope Record File Format DataSet (1:20) identifies an existing
format, such as NAA 89-3 (ANPA 1312) or IPTC 7901, the system may branch to
Record 7:xx or to the header fields as identified in the existing format. Programmers
are advised to look for the presence of the record No. 2 in order to take advantage ofadditional information that it might provide.
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Section 1.7 If the File Format (1:20) identifies a format that has no means ofproviding pertinent editorial information or whose information is insufficient, the senderis expected to use Record No. 2 as herein provided. Programmers should ensure that
presence of Record No.2, if not expected, does not cause the program to abort or
reject otherwise acceptable data.
Section 1.8 Image Type (2:130) is designed to be used where the file formats
utilised by the provider do not otherwise provide that information. If there is a conflict
between DataSet 2:130 and any DataSet in Record No.3 the Record No.3 DataSet
takes precedence.
Section 1.9 DataSet 8:10. If the object is sub-divided and placed into multiple
DataSets 8:10 there may be no correlation between the nature of the object and the
sub-division structure. The division of the object into subfiles may be necessary
because of equipment design constraints but has no relation to the object itself.
Section 1.10 The UNO (DataSet 1:100) is new in version 3 of the IIM and specified
herein as ‘optional’. It should be noted, however, that information provided underversion 3 generally contains the UNO and that receiving software for version 3 should
fully support DataSet 1:100. It should furthermore be noted that in future versions of
the IIM, the UNO might be made mandatory and that DataSets 2:45, 2:47 and 2:50 forreference to an object might be removed.
Section 1.11 The Object Type and Object Attribute (DataSets 2:03 and 2:04) and the
Subject Reference (DataSet 2:12) are new in version 4 of the IIM. With theintroduction of these new DataSets, that are a method of describing a News Objects
contents, the DataSets 2:10 and 2:15 are indicated as "Deprecated". Appendices
G,H,I and J have also been added in version 4.
Section 1.12 DataSet octet sizes do not imply character sizing. The number ofcharacters will depend on the encoding method specified. The number of octets
specified within a DataSet Data Field Octet Count will always be equal to or greaterthan the number of characters of data represented.
Section 1.13 Advice on the use of the Subject reference DataSets is available in theseparately published IIM Guideline 3 document. See also http://www.iptc.org/iptc forlatest information.

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Chapter 5.

1:00

ENVELOPE RECORDDATASETNAME

DESCRIPTION

Model
VersionMandatory, not repeatable, two octets.
A binary number identifying the version of the Information
Interchange Model, Part I, utilised by the provider. Version
numbers are assigned by IPTC and NAA.
The version number of this record is four (4).

1:05

Destination

Optional, repeatable, maximum 1024 octets, consisting ofsequentially contiguous graphic characters.
This DataSet is to accommodate some providers who requirerouting information above the appropriate OSI layers.

1:20

File Format

Mandatory, not repeatable, two octets.
A binary number representing the file format. The file format
must be registered with IPTC or NAA with a unique number
assigned to it (see Appendix A). The information is used to routethe data to the appropriate system and to allow the receiving
system to perform the appropriate actions thereto.

1:22

File Format Mandatory, not repeatable, two octets.
VersionA binary number representing the particular version of the File
Format specified in 1:20.
A list of File Formats, including version cross references, isincluded as Appendix A.

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1:30

Service
Identifier

Mandatory, not repeatable. Up to 10 octets, consisting ofgraphic characters.
Identifies the provider and product.

1:40

Envelope
NumberMandatory, not repeatable, eight octets, consisting of numericcharacters.
The characters form a number that will be unique for the datespecified in 1:70 and for the Service Identifier specified in 1:30.
If identical envelope numbers appear with the same date andwith the same Service Identifier, records 2-9 must be unchanged
from the original. This is not intended to be a sequential serial
number reception check.

1:50

Product I.D. Optional, repeatable. Up to 32 octets, consisting of graphic
characters.
Allows a provider to identify subsets of its overall service. Usedto provide receiving organisation data on which to select, route,or otherwise handle data.

1:60

Envelope
Priority

Optional, not repeatable. A single octet, consisting of a numericcharacter.
Specifies the envelope handling priority and not the editorial
urgency (see 2:10, Urgency). '1' indicates the most urgent, '5'
the normal urgency, and '8' the least urgent copy. The numeral'9' indicates a User Defined Priority. The numeral '0' is reserved
for future use.

1:70

Date Sent

Mandatory, not repeatable. Eight octets, consisting of numericcharacters.
Uses the format CCYYMMDD (century, year, month, day) as defined in ISO 8601 to indicate year, month and day the service
sent the material.
Example:An entry of "19890412" indicates data sent on 12 April
1989.

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1:80

Time Sent

Optional, not repeatable, 11 octets, consisting of graphic characters.
Uses the format HHMMSS±HHMM where HHMMSS refers to
local hour, minute and seconds and HHMM refers to hours andminutes ahead (+) or behind (-) Universal Coordinated Time as
described in ISO 8601. This is the time the service sent thematerial.
Example:At 3:27 p.m. in New York in January it would be expressed as "152700-0500" as New York is five hours behindUTC. At the same moment in Paris, the time would be expressed as "212700+0100". In both instances the time is 20:27(8:27 p.m.) UTC. Midnight should be expressed as "240000"(with the appropriate offset from UTC).

1:90

Coded
Character
Set

Optional, not repeatable, up to 32 octets, consisting of one ormore control functions used for the announcement, invocation ordesignation of coded character sets. The control functions follow
the ISO 2022 standard and may consist of the escape control
character and one or more graphic characters. For more details
see Appendix C, the IPTC-NAA Code Library.
The control functions apply to character oriented DataSets inrecords 2-6. They also apply to record 8, unless the objectdata
explicitly, or the File Format implicitly, defines character setsotherwise.
If this DataSet contains the designation function for Unicode in
UTF-8 then no other announcement, designation or invocation
functions are permitted in this DataSet or in records 2-6.
For all other character sets, one or more escape sequences areused:• for the announcement of the code extension facilities used in
the data which follows,• for the initial designation of the G0, G1, G2 and G3 graphic
character sets and• for the initial invocation of the graphic set (7 bits) or the lefthand and the right-hand graphic set (8 bits) and for the initial
invocation of the C0 (7 bits) or of the C0 and the C1 control
character sets (8 bits).

The announcement of the code extension facilities, if
transmitted, must appear in this data set. Designation and
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invocation of graphic and control function sets (shifting) may betransmitted anywhere where the escape and the othernecessary control characters are permitted. However, it isrecommended to transmit in this DataSet an initial designationand invocation, i.e. to define all designations and the shift statuscurrently in use by transmitting the appropriate escapesequences and locking-shift functions.
If 1:90 is omitted, the default for records 2-6 and 8 is ISO 646
IRV (7 bits) or ISO 4873 DV (8 bits). Record 1 shall always use
ISO 646 IRV or ISO 4873 DV respectively.
1:100

UNO

Optional, not repeatable. Minimum of 14 and maximum of 80
octets consisting of graphic characters. Colon ‘:’ and solidus ‘/’
are only allowed as specified, the asterisk ‘*’ and question mark‘?’ are not allowed.
UNO Unique Name of Object, providing eternal, globally unique
identification for objects as specified in the IIM, independent ofprovider and for any media form. The provider must ensure the
UNO is unique. Objects with the same UNO are identical.
The UNO consists of four elements and provides the following
functionality:• UNO Creation Date (UCD)
Specifies a 24 hour period in which the further elements of
the UNO have to be unique. It also provides a search facility.
• Information Provider Reference (IPR)
A name, registered with the IPTC/NAA, identifying theprovider that guarantees the uniqueness of the UNO. It may
assist in locating an object source.
• Object Descriptor Element (ODE)
In conjunction with the UCD and the IPR, a string ofcharacters ensuring the uniqueness of the UNO. The provider
may structure the element by use of a solidus ‘/’ character.
• Object Variant Indicator (OVI)
A string of characters indicating technical variants of theobject such as partial objects, or changes of file formats, andcoded character sets.

Rules
The rules for the generation of the UNO are:
• The first three elements of the UNO (the UCD, the IPR andthe ODE) together are allocated to the editorial content of theobject.
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July 1999• Any technical variants or changes in the presentation of an
object, e.g. a picture being presented by a different fileformat, does not require the allocation of a new ODE but canbe indicated by only generating a new OVI.
Links
Links may be set up to the complete UNO but the structure
provides for linking to selected elements, e.g. to all objects of a
specified provider.

UNO Component Definitions
ES

Element
Separator

Separates the elements within a UNO and consists of a single
colon ‘:’ character. All ES' are mandatory but must not appear
within an element.

ESD

Element
SubDivider

Subdivides the ODE or OVI at the discretion of the provider andconsists of a single solidus ‘/’ character.

IPR

Information
ProviderReference

Second element of the UNO. A minimum of one and amaximum of 32 octets. A string of graphic characters, except
colon ‘:’ solidus ‘/’, asterisk ‘*’ and question mark ‘?’, registeredwith, and approved by, the IPTC.
A list of registered strings of the IPR is located in Appendix E.

ODE

ObjectDescriptor
Element

Third element of the UNO. A minimum of one and a maximumof 60 minus the number of IPR octets, consisting of graphic
characters, except colon ‘:’ asterisk ‘*’ and question mark ‘?’.
The provider bears the responsibility for the uniqueness of the
ODE within a 24 hour cycle.

OVI

ObjectVariant
Indicator

Fourth element of the UNO. A minimum of one and a maximumof 9 octets, consisting of graphic characters, except colon ‘:’,asterisk ‘*’ and question mark ‘?’. To indicate a technicalvariation of the object as so far identified by the first threeelements. Such variation may be required, for instance, for theindication of part of the object, or variations of the file format, or
coded character set. The default value is a single ‘0’ (zero)
character indicating no further use of the OVI.

UCD

UNO
Creation
DateFirst element of the UNO. 8 octets in ISO 8601 date format(CCYYMMDD), consisting of numeric characters.

UNO

UniqueA universally unique name consisting of four elements. Total

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Page 22Name of
ObjectUNO Structure

UNO has a minimum of 14 and maximum of 80 octets.

UNIQUE NAME of OBJECT (UNO)

1:120

UCD

ES

CCYYMMDD(ISO 8601)
8 Octets:

ARM
Identifier

1

Minimum of 14 and maximum of 80 Octets for full UNO
IPR
ES
ODE
ES
1 - 32 Octets
Octets assigned by Provider of:registered with IPTC
ObjectMaximum of 61 Octets including ES

:
1

OVI
Octets assigned by
Provider of Object
Maximum of 9 Octets

Optional, not repeatable, two octets consisting of a binary
number.
The DataSet identifies the Abstract Relationship Method (ARM)
which is described in a document registered by the originator of
the ARM with the IPTC and NAA.
In Record 6, DataSets 6:192 through 6:255 are allocated for the
purposes of the ARM.
Details of the originator and a brief description of the ARM arecontained in Appendix F.

1:122

ARM
VersionMandatory if DataSet 1:120 is used, not repeatable, two octets
consisting of a binary number representing the particularversion of the ARM specified in DataSet 1:120. A list of ARM
Identifiers, including version cross references, is included as
Appendix F.

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IPTC-NAA INFORMATION INTERCHANGE MODEL PART II
Chapter 6.

APPLICATION RECORD

Section 1.1 Functionality
Part II provides details of an application record to provide pertinent editorial
information about the object as described in Part I.
Section 1.2 Implementation Guidelines
Implementation guidelines as described in Part I apply to Part II as well.
Section 1.3 UniquenessUse of Record No. 2 shall only be as described in this section. Any changes
in DataSets will be by international concurrence.
Section 1.4 Application Record No. 2
All Record No. 2 DataSets herein described are optional, but if any are used DataSet
2:00 is mandatory. Some registered File Formats may require the mandatory use ofsome Record No. 2 DataSets.
2:00

RecordVersionMandatory, not repeatable, two octets.
A binary number identifying the version of the Information
Interchange Model, Part II (Record 2:xx), utilised by the provider.
Version numbers are assigned by IPTC and NAA.
The version number of this record is four (4).

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2:03

Object Type Not repeatable, 3-67 octets, consisting of 2 numeric characters
followed by a colon and an optional text part of up to 64 octets.
Reference
The Object Type is used to distinguish between different typesof objects within the IIM.
The first part is a number representing a language independentinternational reference to an Object Type followed by a colon
separator.
The second part, if used, is a text representation of the Object
Type Number (maximum 64 octets) consisting of graphic
characters plus spaces either in English, as defined in Appendix
G, or in the language of the service as indicated in DataSet
2:135
A list of Object Type Numbers and Names and theircorresponding definitions will be maintained by the IPTC. See
Appendix G.

Object Type Reference
Object Type Number
Two Octets assigned by the IPTC as
in Appendix G
2ES:

Object Type Name
0 - 64 Octets for name associated to the number (if used)as allocated by the IPTC or as translated by the provider inthe language of the object.

1

0 - 64

Minimum of 3, maximum of 67

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2:04

ObjectAttribute
Reference

Repeatable, 4-68 octets, consisting of 3 numeric characters
followed by a colon and an optional text part of up to 64 octets.
The Object Attribute defines the nature of the object
independent of the Subject.
The first part is a number representing a language independentinternational reference to an Object Attribute followed by a colon
separator.
The second part, if used, is a text representation of the Object
Attribute Number ( maximum 64 octets) consisting of graphic
characters plus spaces either in English, as defined in Appendix
G, or in the language of the service as indicated in DataSet
2:135
A registry of Object Attribute Numbers and Names and theircorresponding definitions (if available) will be maintained by the
IPTC in different languages, with translations as supplied bymembers. See Appendix G.

Object Attribute Reference
Object Attribute Number
Three Octets assigned by the IPTC
as in Appendix G
3ES:

Object Attribute Name
0 - 64 Octets for name associated to the number (if used)as allocated by the IPTC or as translated by the provider inthe language of the object.

1

0 - 64

Minimum of 4, maximum of 68

2:05

ObjectName

Not repeatable, maximum 64 octets, consisting of graphic characters plus spaces.
Used as a shorthand reference for the object. Changes to existing data, such as updated stories or new crops on photos,
should be identified in Edit Status.
Examples:"Wall St."
"Ferry Sinks"

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2:07

Edit Status

Not repeatable. Maximum 64 octets, consisting of graphic
characters plus spaces.
Status of the objectdata, according to the practice of theprovider.
Examples:"Lead""CORRECTION"

2:08

Editorial
UpdateNot repeatable, 2 octets, consisting of numeric characters.
Indicates the type of update that this object provides to aprevious object. The link to the previous object is made using
the ARM (DataSets 1:120 and 1:122), according to the practicesof the provider.
Possible values:
01 Additional language. Signifies that the accompanying
Record 2 DataSets repeat information from another object
in a different natural language (as indicated by DataSet
2:135).

2:10

Urgency

Not repeatable, one octet, consisting of a numeric character.
Specifies the editorial urgency of content and not necessarily theenvelope handling priority (see 1:60, Envelope Priority). The '1'
is most urgent, '5' normal and '8' denotes the least-urgent copy.
The numerals '9' and '0' are reserved for future use.

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2:12

Subject
Reference

Repeatable. Minimum of 13 and maximum of 236 octets
consisting of graphic characters. Colon ‘:’ is only allowed as
specified, the asterisk ‘*’ and question mark ‘?’ are not allowed,
nor are the octet values 42 and 63.
The character encoding used for this dataset must encode thecolon ':' using octet value 58, and must not use this octet value
for any other purpose.
The Subject Reference is a structured definition of the subject
matter. It must contain an IPR (default value is "IPTC"), an 8
digit Subject Reference Number and an optional Subject Name,
Subject Matter Name and Subject Detail Name. Each part of the
Subject reference is separated by a colon (:). The Subject
Reference Number contains three parts, a 2 digit Subject
Number, a 3 digit Subject Matter Number and a 3 digit Subject
Detail Number thus providing unique identification of theobject's subject.
If the Subject Matter or Subject Detail is not defined then a valueof 000 is used for the Subject Matter Number and/or Subject
Detail Number as appropriate. (See Appendices H and I).
The DataSet may be repeated when the objectdata content isrelevant to several subjects of news interest. It can be
independent of provider and for any media form. The provider
must either use the IPTC scheme or one that has been definedand published by the provider.
The construction of the Subject Reference is as follows:•

Information Provider Reference (IPR)
A name, registered with the IPTC/NAA, identifying theprovider that provides an indicator of the SDR content.
The default value for the IPR is "IPTC" and is mandatory
the Subject Reference exists in the IPTC coding
scheme as displayed in Appendices H - J.

if

Individual registered Information Providers may at theirdiscretion extend the Subject Reference lists. However, they
may only add to the subject matter and/or subject detail includedin the IPTC lists, and must identify this by using their registered
IPR.The IPTC Subject list may not be extended.
•

Subject Reference Number
Provides a numeric code to indicate the Subject Name plus
optional Subject Matter and Subject Detail Names in thelanguage of the service. Subject Reference Numbers consist

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Page 28•of 8 octets in the range 01000000 to 17999999 andrepresent a language independent international reference toa Subject. A Subject is identified by its Reference Number
and corresponding Names taken from a standard lists given
in Appendix H,I &J.These lists are the English language
reference versions.
Subject Name
The third part, if used, is a text representation of the Subject
Number (maximum 64 octets) consisting of graphic
characters plus spaces either in English, as defined inAppendix H, or in the language of the service as indicated in
DataSet 2:135

The Subject identifies the general content of the objectdata
as determined by the provider.
• Subject Matter Name
The fourth part, if used, is a text representation of the
Subject Matter Number (maximum 64 octets) consisting ofgraphic characters plus spaces either in English, as definedin Appendix I, or in the language of the service as indicatedin DataSet 2:135
A Subject Matter further refines the Subject of a News
Object.
• Subject Detail Name
The fifth part, if used, is a text representation of the Subject
Detail Number (maximum 64 octets) consisting of graphic
characters plus spaces either in English, as defined inAppendix J, or in the language of the service as indicated in
DataSet 2:135
A Subject Detail further refines the Subject Matter of a News
Object. A registry of Subject Reference Numbers, Subject
Matter Names and Subject Detail Names, descriptions (ifavailable) and their corresponding parent Subjects will be heldby the IPTC in different languages, with translations as suppliedby members. See Appendices I and J.

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IPR

ES

1 - 32 Octets registered with
IPTC for UNO:

Minimum 1, maximum of 32

1

2:15

Category

Subject Reference (SR)Minimum of 13 and maximum of 236 Octets
Subject
ES
Subject
ES Subject Matter ES Subject Detail
Reference
Name
Name
Name
NumberEight octets
assigned by the
IPTC as containedin Appendices H,I &J
8:Maximum 64
octets toreference the
Subject:

Maximum 64 octets
to reference the
Subject Matter:

Maximum 64
octets to reference
the Subject Detail10-64 Octets

10-64 Octets

10-64 Octets

Not repeatable, maximum three octets, consisting of alphabetic
characters.
Identifies the subject of the objectdata in the opinion of theprovider.
A list of categories will be maintained by a regional registry,where available, otherwise by the provider.
Note: Use of this DataSet is Deprecated. It is likely that this
DataSet will not be included in further versions of the IIM.

2:20

Supplemen- Repeatable, maximum 32 octets, consisting of graphic chartal Category acters plus spaces.
Supplemental categories further refine the subject of an
objectdata. Only a single supplemental category may becontained in each DataSet. A supplemental category may include any of the recognised categories as used in 2:15. Otherwise, selection of supplemental categories are left to theprovider.
Examples:"NHL" (National Hockey League)"Fußball"
Note: Use of this DataSet is Deprecated. It is likely that this
DataSet will not be included in further versions of the IIM.

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2:22

FixtureIdentifier

Not repeatable, maximum 32 octets, consisting of graphic characters.
Identifies objectdata that recurs often and predictably. Enables
users to immediately find or recall such an object.
Example:"EUROWEATHER"

2:25

Keywords

Repeatable, maximum 64 octets, consisting of graphic characters plus spaces.
Used to indicate specific information retrieval words.
Each keyword uses a single Keywords DataSet. Multiple keywords use multiple Keywords DataSets.
It is expected that a provider of various types of data that are related in subject matter uses the same keyword, enabling the receiving system or subsystems to search across all types of datafor related material.
Examples:"GRAND PRIX""AUTO"

2:26

Content
Location
Code

Repeatable, 3 octets consisting of alphabetic characters.
Indicates the code of a country/geographical location referenced
by the content of the object.
Where ISO has established an appropriate country code under
ISO 3166, that code will be used. When ISO3166 does notadequately provide for identification of a location or a country,
e.g. ships at sea, space, IPTC will assign an appropriate threecharacter code under the provisions of ISO3166 to avoid
conflicts. (see Appendix D) .
If used in the same object with DataSet 2:27, must immediately
precede and correspond to it.

2:27

Content
Location
Name

Repeatable, maximum 64 octets, consisting of graphic characters plus spaces.
Provides a full, publishable name of a country/geographicallocation referenced by the content of the object, according to
guidelines of the provider.
If used in the same object with DataSet 2:26, must immediately
follow and correspond to it.

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Page 31Note: The intention is that DataSets 2:26 and 2:27 can occur either as repeatable
codes, repeatable names or in code/name pairs. Mixed presentation is notallowed in one object.
Not repeatable, eight octets, consisting of numeric characters.
2:30
Release
Date
Designates in the form CCYYMMDD the earliest date theprovider intends the object to be used. Follows ISO 8601 standard.
Example:"19890317" indicates data for release on 17 March
1989.
2:35

ReleaseTime

Not repeatable, 11 octets, consisting of graphic characters.
Designates in the form HHMMSS±HHMM the earliest time theprovider intends the object to be used. Follows ISO 8601 standard.
Example:"090000-0500" indicates object for use after 0900 in
New York (five hours behind UTC)

2:37

Expiration
Date

Not repeatable, eight octets, consisting of numeric characters.
Designates in the form CCYYMMDD the latest date the provider
or owner intends the objectdata to be used. Follows ISO 8601
standard.
Example:“19940317” indicates an objectdata that should not be
used after 17 March 1994.

2:38

ExpirationTime

Not repeatable, 11 octets, consisting of graphic characters.
Designates in the form HHMMSS±HHMM the latest time theprovider or owner intends the objectdata to be used. Follows
ISO 8601 standard.
Example:"090000-0500" indicates an objectdata that should not
be used after 0900 in New York (five hours behindUTC).

Expiration date and time have uses beyond audio data. Weather
forecasts, for example, typically carry expiration dates and times.
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2:40

Not repeatable, maximum 256 octets, consisting of graphic charSpecial
Instructions acters plus spaces.
Other editorial instructions concerning the use of the objectdata,such as embargoes and warnings.

Examples:"SECOND OF FOUR STORIES""3 Pictures follow""Argentina OUT"
2:42

ActionAdvisedNot repeatable, 2 octets, consisting of numeric characters.
Indicates the type of action that this object provides to aprevious object. The link to the previous object is made using
the ARM (DataSets 1:120 and 1:122), according to the practicesof the provider.
Possible values:
01

02

03

04

Object Kill. Signifies that the provider wishes the holder ofa copy of the referenced object make no further use ofthat information and take steps to prevent further
distribution thereof. Implies that any use of the object
might result in embarrassment or other exposure of theprovider and/or recipient.
Object Replace. Signifies that the provider wants to
replace the referenced object with the object provided
under the current envelope.
Object Append. Signifies that the provider wants toappend to the referenced object information provided in
the objectdata of the current envelope.
Object Reference. Signifies that the provider wants tomake reference to objectdata in a different envelope.

Note:
The following DataSets 2:45, 2:47 and 2:50, when repeated, will be repeated
together, i.e. in sequential triplets.

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2:45

Reference
Service

Optional, repeatable, format identical with 1:30.
Identifies the Service Identifier of a prior envelope to which thecurrent object refers.
Must be followed by 2:47 and 2:50 with repetition occurring insequential triplets. Used together, 2:45, 2:47 and 2:50 indicatethat the current object refers to the content of a prior envelope.

2:47

Reference
Date

Mandatory if 2:45 exists and otherwise not allowed. Repeatable,
format identical with 1:70
Identifies the date of a prior envelope to which the current
object refers.

2:50

2:55

Reference
NumberDate
CreatedMandatory if 2:45 exists and otherwise not allowed. Repeatable,
format identical with 1:40.
Identifies the Envelope Number of a prior envelope to which thecurrent object refers.
Not repeatable, eight octets, consisting of numeric characters.
Represented in the form CCYYMMDD to designate the date theintellectual content of the objectdata was created rather than thedate of the creation of the physical representation. Follows ISO
8601 standard. Where the month or day cannot be determined,
the information will be represented by “00”. Where the year
cannot be determined, the information for century and year will
be represented by “00”.
Thus a photo taken during the American Civil War would carry acreation date during that epoch (1861-1865) rather than the date
the photo was digitised for archiving.
Example:"19900127" indicates the intellectual content created on
27th January 1990.

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2:60

Time
CreatedNot repeatable, 11 octets, consisting of graphic characters.
Represented in the form HHMMSS±HHMM to designate thetime the intellectual content of the objectdata current source
material was created rather than the creation of the physicalrepresentation. Follows ISO 8601 standard.
Where the time cannot be precisely determined, the closest
approximation should be used.
Example:"133015+0100" indicates that the object intellectual
content was created at 1:30 p.m. and 15 seconds Frankfurt time, one hour ahead of UTC.

2:62

DigitalCreation
Date

Not repeatable, eight octets, consisting of numeric characters.
Represented in the form CCYYMMDD to designate the date thedigital representation of the objectdata was created. Follows ISO
8601 standard. Thus a photo taken during the American Civil
War would carry a Digital Creation Date within the past several
years rather than the date where the image was captured onfilm, glass plate or other substrate during that epoch (18611865).
Example:"19900127" indicates digital form of the objectdata wascreated on 27th January 1990.

2:63

DigitalCreationTime

Not repeatable, 11 octets, consisting of graphic characters.
Represented in the form HHMMSS±HHMM to designate thetime the digital representation of the objectdata was created.
Follows ISO 8601 standard.
Example:"133015+0100" indicates that the digital form of theobjectdata was created at 1:30 p.m. and 15 seconds
Frankfurt time, one hour ahead of UTC.

NOTE: DataSets 2:65 and 2:70 are to form an advisory to the user and are not"computer" fields. Programmers should not expect to find computer-readable
information in these DataSets.

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2:65

Originating
Program

Not repeatable, maximum of 32 octets, consisting of graphic
characters plus spaces.
Identifies the type of program used to originate the objectdata.
Examples:"Word Perfect""SCITEX""MacDraw"

2:70

Program
VersionNot repeatable, maximum of 10 octets, consisting of graphic
characters plus spaces.
Used to identify the version of the program mentioned in 2:65.
DataSet 2:70 is invalid if 2:65 is not present.

2:75

ObjectCycle

Not repeatable, one octet, consisting of an alphabetic character.
Where:'a'= morning'p'= evening'b'= bothVirtually only used in North America.

2:80

By-lineRepeatable, maximum 32 octets, consisting of graphic characters plus spaces.
Contains name of the creator of the objectdata, e.g. writer, photographer or graphic artist.
Examples:"Robert Capa""Ernest Hemingway""Pablo Picasso"

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2:85

By-lineTitle

Repeatable, maximum 32 octets, consisting of graphic characters plus spaces.
A by-line title is the title of the creator or creators of an
objectdata. Where used, a by-line title should follow the by-line it
modifies.
Examples:"Staff Photographer""Corresponsal""Envoyé Spécial"

2:90

City

Not repeatable, maximum 32 octets, consisting of graphic characters plus spaces.
Identifies city of objectdata origin according to guidelines established by the provider.
Examples:"Zürich""Milano""New York"

2:92

Sublocation

Not repeatable, maximum 32 octets, consisting of graphic
characters plus spaces.
Identifies the location within a city from which the objectdata
originates, according to guidelines established by the provider.
Examples:"Capitol Hill""Maple Leaf Gardens""Strandgateparken"

Note: The location used as a dateline for audio reports often refers not to a city, but aplace within a city, such as "Strandgateparken."

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2:95

Province/State

Not repeatable, maximum 32 octets, consisting of graphic characters plus spaces.
Identifies Province/State of origin according to guidelines
established by the provider.
Examples:"WA""Sussex""Baden-Württenberg"

2:100

Country/
Primary
Location
Code

Not repeatable, three octets consisting of alphabetic characters.
Indicates the code of the country/primary location where theintellectual property of the objectdata was created, e.g. a photo
was taken, an event occurred.
Where ISO has established an appropriate country code under
ISO 3166, that code will be used. When ISO3166 does notadequately provide for identification of a location or a new
country, e.g. ships at sea, space, IPTC will assign anappropriate three-character code under the provisions of
ISO3166 to avoid conflicts. (see Appendix D)
Examples:"USA" (United States)"FRA" (France)“XUN” (United Nations)

2:101

Country/
Primary
Location
Name

Not repeatable, maximum 64 octets, consisting of graphic
characters plus spaces.
Provides full, publishable, name of the country/primary location
where the intellectual property of the objectdata was created,according to guidelines of the provider.

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2:103

Original
Transmission
Reference

Not repeatable. Maximum 32 octets, consisting of graphic characters plus spaces.
A code representing the location of original transmission according to practices of the provider.
Examples:BER-5
PAR-12-11-01

2:105

Headline

Not repeatable, maximum of 256 octets, consisting of graphic
characters plus spaces.
A publishable entry providing a synopsis of the contents of theobjectdata.
Example:"Lindbergh Lands In Paris"

2:110

Credit

Not repeatable, maximum of 32 octets, consisting of graphic
characters plus spaces.
Identifies the provider of the objectdata, not necessarily theowner/creator.

2:115

SourceNot repeatable, maximum of 32 octets, consisting of graphic
characters plus spaces.
Identifies the original owner of the intellectual content of theobjectdata. This could be an agency, a member of an agency oran individual.

2:116

Copyright
NoticeNot repeatable, maximum of 128 octets, consisting of graphic
characters plus spaces.
Contains any necessary copyright notice.

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2:118

Contact

Repeatable, maximum of 128 octets, consisting of graphic
characters plus spaces.
Identifies the person or organisation which can provide further
background information on the objectdata.

2:120

Caption/
Abstract

Not repeatable, maximum of 2000 octets, consisting of graphic
characters plus carriage-returns, linefeeds and spaces.
A textual description of the objectdata, particularly used where
the object is not text.

2:122

Writer/
EditorRepeatable, maximum 32 octets, consisting of graphic characters plus spaces.
Identification of the name of the person involved in the writing,editing or correcting the objectdata or caption/abstract.

2:125

Rasterized
CaptionNot repeatable, 7360 octets, consisting of binary data, one bit
per pixel, two value bitmap where 1 (one) represents black and
0 (zero) represents white.
Image width 460 pixels and image height 128 pixels.
Scanning direction bottom to top, left to right.

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Contains the rasterized objectdata description and is used
where characters that have not been coded are required for thecaption.
2:130

Image TypeNot repeatable. Two octets. The first octet is a numericcharacter and the second is an alphabetic character.
The numeric characters 1 to 4 indicate the number ofcomponents in an image, in single or multiple envelopes.
The numeric character 0 indicatesspecific image.

Record 2 caption for a

The numeric character 9 specifies that the objectdata contains
supplementary data to an image (as defined in the Digital
Newsphoto Parameter Record DataSet 3:55).
Possible values:
Octet 1:'0' = No objectdata.
If this option is chosen, DataSet 8:10 of the objectdata Record
will be present (mandatory), but will be empty, i.e. a count ofzero octets.
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Page 41'1' = Single component, e.g. black and white or one componentof a colour project.
'2', '3', '4' = Multiple components for a colour project.
'9' = Supplemental objects related to other objectdata
Other values are reserved for future use.
The alphabetic character will indicate the exact content of thecurrent objectdata in terms of colour composition.
Possible values:
Octet 2:
'W'
'Y'
'M'
'C'
'K'
'R'
'G'
'B'
'T'
'F'
'L'
'P'
'S'

= Monochrome.
= Yellow component.
= Magenta component.
= Cyan component.
= Black component.
= Red component.
= Green component.
= Blue component.
= Text only.
= Full colour composite, frame sequential.
= Full colour composite, line sequential.
= Full colour composite, pixel sequential.
= Full colour composite, special interleaving.

Other values are reserved for future use.
Note: When '0' or 'T' are used, the only authorised combination is: “0T”
2:131

Image
Orientation

Not repeatable, one octet, consisting of an alphabetic
character. Allowed values are P (for Portrait), L (for Landscape)and S (for Square).
Indicates the layout of the image area.

2:135

Language
Identifier

Not repeatable, two or three octets, consisting of alphabetic
characters.

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Page 42Describes the major national language of the object, according
to the 2-letter codes of ISO 639:1988. Does not define or imply
any coded character set, but is used for internal routing, e.g. tovarious editorial desks.
Implementation note: Programmers should provide forthree octets for Language Identifier because the ISO is
expected to provide for 3-letter codes in the future.
2:150

Audio TypeNot repeatable. Two octets. The first octet is a numericcharacter, while the second is an alphabetic character.
Octet 1 represents the number of channels. Possible values:'0' = no objectdata
If this option is chosen, DataSet 8:10 of the ObjectData Record
will be present (It is mandatory.), but will be empty, i.e. a countof zero octets.
'1' = monaural (1 channel) audio'2'= stereo (2 channel) audio
Other values are reserved for future use.
Octet 2 indicates the exact type of audio contained in thecurrent objectdata.
Possible values:'A' = Actuality'C' = Question and answer session'M'= Music, transmitted by itself'Q' = Response to a question'R' = Raw sound'S' = Scener‘T’ = Text only
'V' = Voicer'W' = Wrap
Other values are reserved for future use.
Examples:"lV" for a mono voicer"2M" for music recorded in stereo
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Note: When '0' or 'T' is used, the only authorised combinationis "0T". This is the mechanism for sending a caption either tosupplement an audio cut sent previously without a caption or tocorrect a previously sent caption.
2:151

Audio
Sampling
Rate

Not repeatable. Six octets with leading zero(s), consisting of
Sampling rate numeric characters, representing the sampling
rate in hertz (Hz).
Examples:"011025" for a sample rate of 11025 Hz"022050" for a sample rate of 22050 Hz"044100" for a sample rate of 44100 Hz

2:152

Audio
Sampling
Resolution

Not repeatable. Two octets with leading zero(s), consisting ofresolution numeric characters representing the number of bitsin each audio sample.
Examples:"08" for a sample size of 8 bits
"16" for a sample size of 16 bits
"20" for a sample size of 20 bits

2:153

Audio
Duration

Not repeatable. Six octets, consisting of numeric characters.
Duration Designates in the form HHMMSS the running time ofan audio objectdata when played back at the speed at which it
was recorded.
Example:"000105" for a cut lasting one minute, five seconds

2:154

Audio
OutcueNot repeatable, maximum 64 octets, consisting of graphic
characters plus spaces.
Identifies the content of the end of an audio objectdata,according to guidelines established by the provider.
Examples:"... better as a team""fades""...Jean Krause Paris"
The outcue generally consists of the final words spoken within

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an audio objectdata or the final sounds heard.
2:200

ObjectData Mandatory if DataSet 2:202 exists; not repeatable, two octets.
Preview FileA binary number representing the file format of the ObjectData
FormatPreview. The file format must be registered with IPTC or NAA
with a unique number assigned to it.
The values allowed are taken from the approved list of fileformats registered for DataSet 1:20 and presented in Appendix
A.

2:201

ObjectData Mandatory if DataSet 2:202 exists; not repeatable, two octets.
Preview FileA binary number representing the particular version of theFormatObjectData Preview File Format specified in 2:200
VersionThe File Format Version is taken from the list included inAppendix A for DataSet 1:20 and 1:22.

2:202

ObjectData
Preview
Data

Optional, not repeatable; maximum size of 256000 octets
consisting of binary data.

Chapter 7. DIGITAL NEWSPHOTO PARAMETER RECORD NUMBER 3(see separate publication)
Chapter 8.

Record Number 4 (Not Allocated)

Chapter 9.

Record Number 5 (Not Allocated)

Chapter 10. ABSTRACT RELATIONSHIP RECORD NUMBER 6(see Appendix F)
Chapter 11. PRE-OBJECTDATA DESCRIPTOR RECORD
7:10

Size Mode

Mandatory, not repeatable, one octet.
The octet is set to the binary value of '0' if the size of theobjectdata is not known and is set to '1' if the size of theobjectdata is known at the beginning of transfer.

7:20

Max Subfile Mandatory, not repeatable.
Size
A binary number indicating the maximum size for the following
Subfile DataSet(s).

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The largest number is not defined, but programmers should provide at least for the largest binary number contained in four
octets taken together. If the entire object is to be transferred
together within a single DataSet 8:10, the number equals the sizeof the object.
7:90

ObjectData
Size
Announced

Mandatory if DataSet 7:10 has value '1' and not allowed if
DataSet 7:10 has value '0'. Not repeatable.
A binary number representing the overall size of the objectdata,
expressed in octets, not including tags, if that size is known whentransfer commences.

7:95

Maximum
ObjectData
Size

Optional, not repeatable.
A binary number used when objectdata size is not known,
indicating the largest size, expressed in octets, that theobjectdata can possibly have, not including tags.

Chapter 12. OBJECTDATA RECORD NUMBER 8
8:10

SubfileMandatory, repeatable.
Subfile DataSet containing the objectdata itself. Subfiles must be
sequential so that the subfiles may be reassembled.

Chapter 13. POST-OBJECTDATA DESCRIPTOR RECORD NUMBER 9
9:10

Confirmed
ObjectData
Size

Mandatory, not repeatable.
A binary number.
Total size of the objectdata, in octets, without tags. This number
should equal the number in DataSet 7:90 if the size of theobjectdata is known and has been provided.

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APPENDIX A
FILE FORMATS (DataSet 1:20)
The following File Formats have been registered by the NAA and IPTC:
Ident No:
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29

Description:¤¤¤

No ObjectData
IPTC-NAA Digital Newsphoto Parameter Record
IPTC7901 Recommended Message Format
Tagged Image File Format (Adobe/Aldus Image data)
Illustrator (Adobe Graphics data)
AppleSingle (Apple Computer Inc)
NAA 89-3 (ANPA 1312)
MacBinary II
IPTC Unstructured Character Oriented File Format (UCOFF)
United Press International ANPA 1312 variant
United Press International Down-Load Message
JPEG File Interchange (JFIF)
Photo-CD Image-Pac (Eastman Kodak)
Microsoft Bit Mapped Graphics File [*.BMP]
Digital Audio File [*.WAV] (Microsoft & Creative Labs)
Audio plus Moving Video [*.AVI] (Microsoft)
PC DOS/Windows Executable Files [*.COM][*.EXE]
Compressed Binary File [*.ZIP] (PKWare Inc)
Audio Interchange File Format AIFF (Apple Computer Inc)RIFF Wave (Microsoft Corporation)
Freehand (Macromedia/Aldus)
Hypertext Markup Language "HTML" (The Internet Society)
MPEG 2 Audio Layer 2 (Musicom), ISO/IEC
MPEG 2 Audio Layer 3, ISO/IEC
Portable Document File (*.PDF) Adobe
News Industry Text Format (NITF)
Tape Archive (*.TAR)
Tidningarnas Telegrambyrå NITF version (TTNITF DTD)
Ritzaus Bureau NITF version (RBNITF DTD)
Corel Draw [*.CDR]NOTES: ¤ Recommended for image ObjectData Preview (DataSet 2:200).
Other file formats may also be registered with IPTC and NAA and not listed here
pending issue of a document revision. Contact IPTC or NAA for update information.

FILE VERSIONS [DataSet 1:22]
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The following cross reference is specified for the file format versions registered by the
NAA and IPTC:

Ident No (1:20)

VersionVersion No (1:22)

00
01
01
01
01
02
03
03
04
05
06
11
20
20
20
20
21

1
1
2
3
4
4
5.0
6.0
1.40
2
1
1.02
3.1
4.0
5.0
5.5
2.0

00
01
02
03
04
04
01
02
01
01
01
01
01
02
03
04
02

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Page 48APPENDIX B

ADDRESSES OF ORGANISATIONS MENTIONED
Newspaper Association of America (formerly American Newspaper Publishers
Association)
The Newspaper Center
1921 Gallows Road
Suite 600
ViennaVA 22182-3900
USA
Telephone+1 (1)703 902 1600
Telefax+1 (1)703 902 1842

Director Telecommunications Standardization Sector
International Telecommunications Union
Place des Nations
CH-1211 Geneva 20
SWITZERLAND
Telephone+41 (0)22 730 51 11
Telefax+41 (0)22 733 72 56
International Organization For Standardization
1, rue de Varembé
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
SWITZERLAND
Telephone+41 (0)22 749 01 11
Telefax+41 (0)22 733 34 30
International Press Telecommunications Council
Royal Albert House
Sheet Street
WindsorBerks SL4 1BE
UNITED KINGDOM
Telephone: +44 (0)1753 705051
Telefax+44 (0)1753 831541
Emailm_director_iptc@dial.pipex.com

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APPENDIX C

The IPTC-NAA Code Library
ECMA as the ISO Registration Authority for escape sequences maintains theInternational Register of Coded Character Sets to be used with escape sequences, aregister of Codes and allocated standardised escape sequences, which arerecognised by IPTC-NAA without further approval procedure. The registration
procedure is defined in ISO 2375. IPTC-NAA maintain a Register of Codes andallocated private escape sequences, which are shown in paragraph 1.2. IPTC may, as
Sponsoring Authority, submit such private sequence Codes for approval as
standardised sequence Codes. The registers consist of a Graphic repertoire, a Control
function repertoire and a Repertoire of other coding systems (e.g. complete Codes).
Together they represent the IPTC-NAA Code Library.
1 The International Register of Coded Character Sets to be used with escapesequences
The most used Codes contained in the Register are:Reg. No.

Name Final Character

Graphic Repertoire
94-character sets (intermediate character 2/8 to 2/11):
002
004
006
008-1
008-2
009-1
009-2
010
015
016
017
018

ISO 646 IRV
ISO 646 British Version
ISO 646 USA Version (ASCII)
NATS Primary Set for Finland and Sweden
NATS Secondary Set for Finland and Sweden
NATS Primary Set for Denmark and Norway
NATS Secondary Set for Denmark and Norway
ISO 646 Swedish Version (SEN 850200)
ISO 646 Italian Version (ECMA)ISO 646 Portuguese Version (ECMA Olivetti)
ISO 646 Spanish Version (ECMA Olivetti)
ISO 646 Greek Version (ECMA)

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4/0
4/1
4/2
4/3
4/4
4/5
4/6
4/7
5/9
4/12
5/10
5/11
Page 50

Reg. No.

021
037
060
069
084
085
086
121
122

Name Final characterISO 646 German Version (DIN 66003)
Basic Cyrillic Character Set (ISO 5427)
ISO 646 Norwegian Version (NS 4551)
ISO 646 French Version (NF Z 62010-1982)
ISO 646 Portuguese Version (ECMA IBM)ISO 646 Spanish Version (ECMA IBM)ISO 646 Hungarian Version (HS 7795/3)
Alternate Primary Graphic Set No. 1(Canada CSA Z 243.4-1985)
Alternate Primary Graphic Set No. 2(Canada CSA Z 243.4-1985)

4/11
4/14
6/0
6/6
6/7
6/8
6/9
7/7
7/8

96-character sets (intermediate character 2/12 to 2/15):
100
101
109
110
111
125
127
138
139

Right-hand Part of Latin Alphabet No. 1 (ISO 8859-1)
Right-hand Part of Latin Alphabet No. 2 (ISO 8859-2)
Right-hand Part of Latin Alphabet No. 3 (ISO 8859-3)
Right-hand Part of Latin Alphabet No. 4 (ISO 8859-4)
Right-hand Part of Latin/Cyrillic Alphabet (ISO 8859-5)
Right-hand Part of Latin/Greek Alphabet (ISO 8859-7)
Right-hand Part of Latin/Arabic Alphabet (ISO 8859-6)
Right-hand Part of Latin/Hebrew Alphabet (ISO 8859-8)
Right-hand Part of Czechoslovak Standard(CSN 369103)

4/1
4/2
4/3
4/4
4/0
4/6
4/7
4/8
4/9

Multiple-Byte Graphic Character Sets (1st intermediate character 2/4, 2nd intermediatecharacter 2/8 to 2/11)
87

Japanese characters(JIS X 0208-1983)

4/2

Control Function Repertoire
C0 Control Function Sets (intermediate character 2/1):
001
026
036
104

C0 Set of ISO 646
IPTC C0 Set for newspaper text transmission
C0 Set of ISO 646 with SS2 instead of IS4
Minimum C0 Set for ISO 4873

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4/0
4/3
4/4
4/7
Page 51

Reg. No.

Name Final characterC1 Control Function Sets (intermediate character 2/2):
077
105

C1 Control Set of ISO 6429
Minimum C1 Set for ISO 4873

4/3
4/7

Single Additional Control Functions:
062
063
064
065
066

Locking-Shift Two (LS2), ISO 2022
Locking-Shift Three (LS3), ISO 2022
Locking-Shift Three Right (LS3R), ISO 2022
Locking-Shift Two Right (LS2R), ISO 2022
Locking-Shift One Right (LS1R), ISO 2022

6/14
6/15
7/12
7/13
7/14

Repertoire of Other Coding Systems (e.g. complete Codes, intermediate character
2/5 )
196

UCS Transformation Format (UTF-8)

4/7

2. The IPTC-NAA Register of Codes

Further details of the Codes and the IPTC-NAA Register of Codes sponsored by IPTC
can be obtained from IPTC or NAA.

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APPENDIX D
The IPTC-NAA Country Codes
In consultation with DIN, the country code management agency for ISO,IPTC has identified the following codes for use by News Organisations.
ISO assigned
URY - Uruguay (omitted from former list)
ATA - Antarctica (a previously recognised code that was not on the list)
The following new codes are not supported by ISO, but follow the ISO
guidelines for industry use of codes where no formal designation exists:
XUN - United Nations
XEU - European Union (formerly known as the EC and before that the
EEC)
XSP - SPaceXSE - at SEa
XIF - In Flight
XEN - ENgland (where greater granularity than Great Britain is desired)
XSC - SCotland
XNI - Northern Ireland
XWA - WAles.
ISO has reserved the following codes for the indicated areas.
PSE - Palestine
GZA - Gaza
JRO - Jericho

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Page 53APPENDIX E

INFORMATION PROVIDERS REFERENCE(DataSet 1:100)
The following IPR have been registered by the NAA and IPTC:I P Reference:

Information Provider:

AFP
AP
APD
APE
APF
APS
BN
CP
CTK
dpa
HNA
IPTC
MTI
PC
PN
REUTERS
STA
TT
UP
UPI

Agence France Presse
Associated Press
Associated Press
Associated Press
Associated Press
Associated Press
Canadian Press
Canadian Press
Czech News Agency
Deutsche Presse-Agentur GmbH
Croatian News Agency
International Press Telecommunications Council
Magyar Távirati Iroda / Hungarian News Agency
Canadian Press
Canadian Press
Reuters
Slovenska Tiskovna Agencija
Tidningarnas Telegrambyrå
United Press International
United Press International

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Page 54APPENDIX FABSTRACT RELATIONSHIP METHOD IDENTIFIERS(DataSets 1:120 and 1:122)
1:120

1:122

01
02

01
01

Descriptive NameIPTC Method 1 (Using DataSets 2:45, 2:47 and 2:50)
IPTC Method 2 (Using DataSet 1:100)

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Page 55APPENDIX GOBJECT TYPE NUMBER AND OBJECT TYPE NAME RELATIONSHIP
Object Type Number
01
02
03

Object Type NameNews
Data 1Advisory

OBJECT ATTRIBUTE NUMBER AND OBJECT ATTRIBUTE NAME RELATIONSHIP
2

Object Attribute Number
001
002
003
004
005
006
007
008
009
010
011
012
013
014
015
016
017
018
019
020
021
022

Object Attribute Name
Current
Analysis
Archive material
BackgroundFeatureForecast
History
Obituary
OpinionPolls & Surveys
ProfileResults Listings & Tables
Side bar & Supporting information
Summary
Transcript & Verbatim
Interview
From the Scene
Retrospective
Statistics
UpdateWrap-upPress Release

Note 1: Data in this context implies typically non narrative information, usually not
eligible for journalistic intervention or modification. It also applies to information routedby the provider from a third party to the user. Examples are sports results, stock prices
and agate.
Note 2: Attributes are not restricted in assignment to object types.
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APPENDIX HSUBJECT REFERENCE NUMBER AND SUBJECT NAME RELATIONSHIP(VERSION IPTC/1)
Subject
Reference
NumberSubject Name

Subject Description

01000000

Arts, Culture &Entertainment

02000000

Crime, Law & Justice03000000

Disasters & Accidents

04000000
05000000

Economy, Business &Finance
Education

06000000

Environmental Issues

07000000

Health08000000

Human Interest

09000000

Labour

10000000

Lifestyle & Leisure11000000

Politics

12000000

Religion & Belief

Matters pertaining to the advancement andrefinement of the human mind, of interests,
skills, tastes and emotions
Establishment and/or statement of the rulesof behaviour in society, the enforcement ofthese rules, breaches of the rules and thepunishment of offenders. Organisations andbodies involved in these activities.
Man made and natural events resulting in lossof life or injury to living creatures and/or
damage to inanimate objects or property.
All matters concerning the planning,production and exchange of wealth.
All aspects of furthering knowledge of humanindividuals from birth to death.
All aspects of protection, damage, andcondition of the ecosystem of the planet earth
and its surroundings.
All aspects pertaining to the physical andmental welfare of human beings.
Lighter items about individuals, groups,
animals or objects.
Social aspects, organisations, rules andconditions affecting the employment of
human effort for the generation of wealth orprovision of services and the economic
support of the unemployed.
Activities undertaken for pleasure, relaxation
or recreation outside paid employment,
including eating and travel.
Local, regional, national and international
exercise of power, or struggle for power, andthe relationships between governing bodies
and states.
All aspects of human existence involving

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13000000

14000000
15000000

16000000
17000000

theology, philosophy, ethics and spirituality.
Science & Technology All aspects pertaining to humanunderstanding of nature and the physicalworld and the development and application ofthis knowledge
Social Issues
Aspects of the behaviour of humans affecting
the quality of life.
Sport
Competitive exercise involving physical effort.
Organisations and bodies involved in these
activities.
Unrest, Conflicts &Acts of socially or politically motivated protestWarand/or violence.
Weather
The study, reporting and prediction of
meteorological phenomena.

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APPENDIX ISUBJECT MATTER NAME AND SUBJECT REFERENCE NUMBER
RELATIONSHIP
Subject Name

Subject
Reference
NumberArts, Culture & Entertainment

01000000
01001000
01002000
01003000
01004000
01005000
01006000
01007000
01008000
01009000
01010000
01011000
01012000
01013000
01014000
01015000
01016000
01017000

Archaeology
Architecture
Bullfighting
Carnival
CinemaDance
FashionLanguage
Libraries & Museums
Literature
Music
Painting
Photography
Radio
Sculpture
Television
Theatre02000000
02001000
02002000
02003000
02004000
02005000Crime
Judiciary
PolicePunishment
Prison03000000
03001000
03002000
03003000
03004000
03005000
03006000
03007000
03008000

Drought
Earthquake
FamineFire
Flood
Industrial accident
Meteorological disaster
Nuclear accident

Crime, Law & JusticeDisasters & Accidents

Subject Matter Name

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Economy, Business & Finance

Education

Environmental Issues

Health03009000
03010000
03011000

Pollution
Transport accident
Volcanic eruption

04000000
04001000
04002000
04003000
04004000
04005000
04006000
04007000
04008000
04009000
04010000
04011000
04012000
04013000
04014000
04015000

Agriculture
Chemicals
Computing & Information Technology
Construction & Property
Energy & Resources
Financial & Business Services
Goods Distribution
Macro Economics
Markets
Media
Metal Goods & Engineering
Metals & Minerals
Process Industries
Tourism & LeisureTransport

05000000
05001000
05002000
05003000
05004000
05005000
05006000
05007000

Adult Education
Further Education
Parent Organisations
Preschooling
Schools
Teachers Unions
University

06000000
06001000
06002000
06003000
06004000
06005000
06006000
06007000
06008000
06009000
06010000

Alternative Energy
Conservation
Energy Savings
Environmental Politics
Environmental pollution
Natural resources
NaturePopulation
Waste
Water Supplies

07000000
07001000
07002000
07003000

Diseases
Epidemic & Plague
Health treatment

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Human Interest

LabourLifestyle & Leisure

Politics

07004000
07005000
07006000
07007000
07008000

Health organisations
Medical research
Medical staff
Medicines
Preventative medicine

08000000
08001000
08002000
08003000

Animals
Curiosities
People09000000
09001000
09002000
09003000
09004000
09005000
09006000
09007000
09008000
09009000
09010000
09011000
09012000

Apprentices
Collective contracts
Employment
Labour dispute
Labour legislation
Retirement
Retraining
StrikeUnemployment
UnionsWages & Pensions
Work Relations

10000000
10001000
10002000
10003000
10004000
10005000
10006000Games
Gaming & Lotteries
Gastronomy
Hobbies
Holidays or vacations
Tourism

11000000
11001000
11002000
11003000
11004000
11005000
11006000
11007000
11008000
11009000
11010000
11011000
11012000Defence
Diplomacy
Elections
Espionage & Intelligence
Foreign Aid
Government
Human Rights
Local authorities
ParliamentPartiesRefugees
Regional authorities

IPTC-NAA Information Interchange Model Version No. 4.1
July 1999

Page 61Religion & Belief

Science & Technology

Social Issues

Sport11013000
11014000

State Budget
Treaties & Organisations

12000000
12001000
12002000
12003000
12004000

Cults & sects
FaithFree masonry
Religious institutions

13000000
13001000
13002000
13003000
13004000
13005000
13006000
13007000
13008000

Applied Sciences
Engineering
Human Sciences
Natural Sciences
Philosophical Sciences
Research
Scientific exploration
Space programmes

14000000
14001000
14002000
14003000
14004000
14005000
14006000
14007000
14008000
14009000
14010000
14011000
14012000
14013000
14014000
14015000

Addiction
Charity
Demographics
Disabled
Euthanasia
FamilyFamily planning
Health insuranceHomelessness
Minority groups
Pornography
Poverty
Prostitution
RacismWelfare15000000
15001000
15002000
15003000
15004000
15005000
15006000
15007000
15008000
15009000

Aero and Aviation Sports
Alpine Skiing
American FootballArchery
Athletics, Track & Field
Badminton
BaseballBasketball
Biathlon

IPTC-NAA Information Interchange Model Version No. 4.1
July 1999

Page 6215010000
15011000
15012000
15013000
15014000
15015000
15016000
15017000
15018000
15019000
15020000
15021000
15022000
15023000
15024000
15025000
15026000
15027000
15028000
15029000
15030000
15031000
15032000
15033000
15034000
15035000
15036000
15037000
15038000
15039000
15040000
15041000
15042000
15043000
15044000
15045000
15046000
15047000
15048000
15049000
15050000
15051000
15052000
15053000
15054000
15055000

Billiards, Snooker and Pool
BobsleighBowling
Bowls & Petanque
BoxingCanoeing & Kayaking
Climbing
CricketCurling
Cycling
Dancing
DivingEquestrian
Fencing
Field Hockey
Figure Skating
Freestyle Skiing
Golf
Gymnastics
Handball (Team)
Horse Racing, Harness Racing
Ice Hockey
Jai Alai (Pelota)
Judo
KarateLacrosse
Luge
MarathonModern Pentathlon
Motor Racing
Motor Rallying
Motorcycling
Netball
Nordic Skiing
Orienteering
Polo
Power Boating
RowingRugby League
Rugby Union
Sailing
Shooting
Ski Jumping
Snow Boarding
SoccerSoftball

IPTC-NAA Information Interchange Model Version No. 4.1
July 1999

Page 63

Unrest, Conflicts & War

Weather

15056000
15057000
15058000
15059000
15060000
15061000
15062000
15063000
15064000
15065000
15066000
15067000
15068000
15069000
15070000
15071000
15072000

Speed Skating
Speedway
Sports Organisations
SquashSumo Wrestling
Surfing
Swimming
Table Tennis
Taekwon-Do
TennisTriathlon
Volleyball
Water Polo
Water Skiing
WeightliftingWindsurfing
Wrestling

16000000
16001000
16002000
16003000
16004000
16005000
16006000
16007000
16008000
16009000

Acts of terror
Armed conflict
Civil unrest
Coup d'Etat
Guerrilla activities
Massacre
Riots
Violent demonstrations
War

17000000
17001000
17002000
17003000
17004000
17005000

Forecasts
Global change
Reports
Statistics
Warnings

IPTC-NAA Information Interchange Model Version No. 4.1
July 1999

Page 64APPENDIX JSUBJECT DETAIL NAME AND SUBJECT REFERENCE NUMBER
RELATIONSHIP (ECONOMY, BUSINESS & FINANCE)

Subject Matter Name

Subject
Reference
Number

AGRICULTURE

04001000
04001001
04001002
04001003
04001004

Arable Farming
Fishing Industry
Forestry & Timber
Livestock Farming

04002000
04002001
04002002
04002003
04002004
04002005
04002006
04002007

Biotechnology
Fertilisers
Health & Beauty products
Inorganic chemicals
Organic chemicals
Pharmaceuticals
Synthetics & Plastics

CHEMICALSCOMPUTING &INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY

04003000

04003001
04003002
04003003
04003004
04003005
04003006
04003007CONSTRUCTION &PROPERTY

Subject Detail Name

Hardware
Networking
Satellite technology
Semiconductors & active components
SoftwareTelecommunications Equipment
Telecommunications Services

04004000
04004001
04004002
04004003

Heavy construction
House building
Real Estate

ENERGY & RESOURCES 04005000
IPTC-NAA Information Interchange Model Version No. 4.1
July 1999

Page 65

04005001
04005002
04005003
04005004
04005005
04005006
04005007
04005008
FINANCIAL & BUSINESSSERVICESGOODS DISTRIBUTION

MACRO-ECONOMICSMARKETS

Alternative energy
Coal
Oil & Gas - Downstream activities
Oil & Gas - Upstream activities
Nuclear power
Electricity Production & Distribution
Waste Management & Pollution Control
Water Supply

04006000
04006001
04006002
04006003
04006004
04006005
04006006
04006007
04006008
04006009

Accountancy & Auditing
Banking
Consultancy Services
Employment Agencies
Healthcare Providers
Insurance
Legal services
Market research
Stock broking

04007000
04007001
04007002
04007003
04007004
04007005
04007006
04007007

Clothing
Department stores
Food
Mail Order
RetailSpeciality stores
Wholesale

04008000
04008001
04008002
04008003
04008004
04008005
04008006
04008007
04008008
04008009
04008010
04008011
04008012

Central Banks
Consumer Issues
Debt Markets
Economic Indicators
Emerging Markets Debt
Foreign Exchange Markets
Government Aid
Government Debt
Interest Rates
International Economic Institutions
International Trade Issues
Loan Markets

04009000

IPTC-NAA Information Interchange Model Version No. 4.1
July 1999

Page 66

MEDIAMETAL GOODS &ENGINEERINGMETALS & MINERALPROCESS INDUSTRIESTOURISM & LEISURE

04009001
04009002
04009003
04009004

EnergyMetalsSecurities
Soft Commodities

04010000
04010001
04010002
04010003
04010004
04010005
04010006
04010007
04010008
04010009
04010010

Advertising
Books
CinemaNews Agencies
Newspaper & Magazines
OnlinePublic Relations
Radio
Satellite & Cable Services
Television

04011000
04011001
04011002
04011003
04011004
04011005
04011006
04011007
04011008

Aerospace
Automotive Equipment
Defence Equipment
Electrical Appliances
Heavy engineering
Industrial components
Instrument engineering
Shipbuilding

04012000
04012001
04012002
04012003
04012004

Building materials
Gold & Precious Materials
Iron & SteelNon ferrous metals

04013000
04013001
04013002
04013003
04013004
04013005
04013006
04013007
04013008

Alcoholic Drinks
Food
Furnishings & Furniture
Paper & packaging products
Rubber productsSoft Drinks
Textiles & Clothing
Tobacco04014000

IPTC-NAA Information Interchange Model Version No. 4.1
July 1999

Page 67

TRANSPORT

04014001
04014002
04014003
04014004
04014005

Casinos & Gambling
Hotels & accommodation
Recreational & Sports goods
Restaurants & catering
Tour operators

04015000
04015001
04015002
04015003
04015004

Air Transport
RailwayRoad Transport
Waterway & Maritime Transport

IPTC-NAA Information Interchange Model Version No. 4.1
July 1999

Page 68

INDEX
ABSTRACT RELATIONSHIP METHOD IDENTIFIERS
Action Advised
Actuality
ADDRESSES
AppleSingle (Apple Computer Inc)
Application Record
ARM Version
ARM Identifier
Audio Duration
Audio Interchange File Format AIFF (Apple Computer Inc)
Audio Outcue
Audio plus Moving Video [*.AVI] (Microsoft)
Audio Sampling Rate
Audio Sampling Resolution
Audio Type
By-lineBy-line Title
Caption/Abstract
CategoryCity
Coded Character Set
Compressed Binary File [*.ZIP] (PKWare Inc)
Confirmed ObjectData Size
Contact
Content Location Name
Content Location CodeCopyright NoticeCorel DrawCountry/Primary Location CodeCountry/Primary Location Name
CreditDate Created
Date Sent
Digital Audio File [*.WAV] (Microsoft & Creative Labs)
Digital Creation Date
Digital Creation Time
Edit Status
Editorial Update
Element Separator
Element SubDivider
Encapsulation of Older Formats
Envelope Number
Envelope Priority
Expiration Time
File Format
File Format Version
FILE FORMATS
Fixture Identifier
FreehandHeadline
HTML
Illustrator (Adobe Graphics data)
Image Orientation
Image Type
Information Provider Reference
INFORMATION PROVIDERS REFERENCE
IPR
IPTC Unstructured Character Oriented File Format (UCOFF)
IPTC7901 Recommended Message Format

IPTC-NAA Information Interchange Model Version No. 4.1
July 1999

61
36
6, 46
54
51
7, 12, 2726
25, 26
47
51
47
51
47
47
46
39
40
43
33
40
16, 5651
50
43, 52
34
34
42
52
41
41
42
37
21
51
38
38
29, 30
30
24
24
16
37
30
35
10, 12, 17, 18, 20, 27, 51
20
51
34
51
42
51
51
45
18, 4423, 2460
31
51
51

Page 69

JPEG File Interchange (JFIF)
Keywords
Language Identifier
MacBinary II
Max Subfile Size
Maximum ObjectData Size
Microsoft Bit Mapped Graphics File [*.BMP]
Model Version
MPEG 2 Audio Layer 2 (Musicom), ISO/IEC
MPEG 2 Audio Layer 3, ISO/IEC
Music, transmitted by itself
News Industry Text Format (NITF)
No ObjectData
OBJECT ATTRIBUTE
Object Attribute Reference
Object Cycle
Object Descriptor Element
Object NameOBJECT TYPE
Object Type Reference
Object Variant Indicator
ObjectData Preview Data
ObjectData Preview File Format
ObjectData Preview File Format Version
OBJECTDATA RECORD
ObjectData Size Announced
Original Transmission Reference
Originating Program
PC DOS/Windows Executable Files [*.COM][*.EXE]
Portable Document File (PDF) Adobe
Product I.D.
Program Version
Province/State
Question and answer session
Rasterized Caption
Raw sound
RBNITF DTD
Record Structure
Record Version
Reference Date
Reference Number
Reference Service
Release Date
Release Time
Response to a question
RIFF Wave
ScenerService Identifier
Size Mode
SourceSpecial Instructions
SubfileSubject Reference
SUBJECT REFERENCE
Sub-location
Supplemental Category
Tagged Image File Format (Aldus Image data)
TAR
Text only
The Extended DataSet Tag

IPTC-NAA Information Interchange Model Version No. 4.1
July 1999

51
34
46
51
49
49
51
20
51
52
46
52
44, 516229
39
23, 2429
62
28
23, 25
48
48
48
49
49
42
39
51
52
21
39
41
46
43
46
52
14
27
37
37
37
35
35
46
51
46
21, 374942
3649, 50
31
64
40
33
51
52
44, 46
15

Page 70

The IPTC-NAA Code Library
The IPTC-NAA Country Codes
The Standard DataSet Tag
Time Created
Time Sent
TTNITF DTDUnicodeUnique Name of Object
United Press International ANPA 1312 variant
UNO
UNO Component Definitions
UNO Creation Date
Urgency
UTF-8
VoicerWrap
Writer/Editor

IPTC-NAA Information Interchange Model Version No. 4.1
July 1999

56
59
15
38
22
52
10
23, 2551
8, 18, 23, 24, 25
24
23, 2521, 301046
46
43Page 71