The History of IACAPAPThe International Association for Child andAdolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions

Kari Schleimer, MD, PhD

Spring 20121

CONTENTS
Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Foundation/Early times ...................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Aims of the Association ...................................................................................................................................................................... 9Membership ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
The Executive Committee ................................................................................................................................................................ 10
Constitution ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Congresses .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Acta Paedopsychiatrica ..................................................................................................................................................................... 28
Publications ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 29
Study groups ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Development of educational programmes ..................................................................................................................................... 36
Awards................................................................................................................................................................................................. 39
Related links ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 40
Permanent Secretariat and the Archives ........................................................................................................................................ 42
Closing remarks ................................................................................................................................................................................. 43
Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................................................................... 44
References ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 45
Appendix ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 45© Kari Schleimer 2012
Graphic design by Andy Dahlström, JustNu Lund2

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forewordFor many years I have thought of writing thehistory of our Association. In my capacity as
Archivist with access to all assembled dataand collected documents, not least the minutesof meetings of the Executive Committee and theGeneral Assembly (though missing quite a lot of
information before 1975), no one else would have
had a better chance to do so. An international organization such as The International Association
for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied
Professions, like all large organizations, should
be aware of its history for better accomplishment, decision-making and effective function. A
written history of the Association will certainly
promote the standing of our discipline amongst
others in medicine and especially in psychiatry.
As our former president Donald Cohen put it in1993 “Child psychiatry is under so much threat
from various directions that a historical perspective might help give us a sense of momentum”.

4

Already in 1958, Hermann Stutte from Germany
in a letter to Moritz Tramer in Switzerland expressed his regret that there existed no historyof child psychiatry. He was of the opinion that“such a history would benefit the reputation andthe good name of our specialty”. Eventually thiswas put right in the book “Geschichte der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie in Deutschland in
den Jahren 1937 bis 1961”, written by Rolf Castell
et al. in 2003 (1). I mention this book because itis where I have found information about the earliest times of our Association (not available in ourown files in the Archives).
According to previous minutes of the Executive
Committee, the writing of the history of the Association was discussed and planned several times over the years but only once realized in ashorter version by Caplan, Jensen and Lebovici in1985 and 1986 (2, 3), published again in the IACAPAP Newsletter in 1994 (4).

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foundation / early times

de neuropsychiatrie infantile” in Paris, organized
and chaired the first congress in Paris in 1937, ofn 1935 a group of European child psychia- ficially called the First International Conference
trists started off to establish and expand of Child Psychiatry; Moritz Tramer (Switzerland)
contacts between psychiatrists working in was also involved in the organization. Delegates
the new medical field of child psychiatry. These from 26 countries, mostly European, took part.
pioneers were: Georges Heuyer (France), Moritz
Tramer (Switzerland), Hermann Stutte (Germa- Heuyer was subsequently appointed to the firstny), Carlos de Sanctis (Italy), Nic Waal (Norway) European chair of child psychiatry in 1948 inand Emanuel Miller (UK).
Paris. (World-wide, the first chair of child psychiatry was held by Lanfranco Ciampi in Rosario,
Argentina, in 1920!)

I

Ten years and a World War later, the second international congress took place in London in 1948.
At this meeting the International Committee
was renamed The International Association forChild Psychiatry (IACP). Representatives from
30 national societies took part. It was decided all
countries were to have access to IACP, however a
Credentials Committee was set up to verify thequalifications of each applicant. Eventually, afterGeorges Heuyer 		Moritz Tramer
several years of debate, it was accepted that each
What we call IACAPAP today started in 1937 as country would decide the constitution of its reThe International Committee for Child Psychia- presentative society in accordance with its domitry. This committee aimed to organize a scientific nant values and professional ideology. Thus thecongress and to promote and support the scienti- International Association came to consist of a
fic approach to the mentally ill child. A “Bureau consortium of heterogeneous national societies,
du Comité International” consisting of three pre- some strictly medical and some with a multidissidents – past, current and elect - was instituted ciplinary membership.
as well as a “Comité executif”, the latter with 12
members besides the president and the secretary. The name of the Association was changed again
Georges Heuyer, head of the ”Clinique annexe during the Lisbon congress in 1958, this time to
67

The International Association for Child Psychiatry and Allied Professions (IACP&AP). Not until the 9th Congress in 1978 in Melbourne, Australia, were adolescents incorporated into today’s
official name: The International Association
for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions (IACAPAP). There was disquiet
about changing the name of the Association andconcerns about a possible splitting of our discipline – a threat reinforced years later, when separate
international organizations for adolescent psychiatry (the International Society of Adolescent
Psychiatry, ISAP in 1984, now the International
Society of Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology
or ISAPP) and infant psychiatry (the World Association for Infant Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, WAIPAD in 1992, now the World Association for Infant Mental Health, WAIMH) werecreated.
Thus, the movement towards international childpsychiatry began in Europe amongst medical
specialists in child psychiatry. However, with the
migration of child mental health professionals to
the United States before and during the Second
World War, North America also became involved
at early stages of the international association.
From the 1970s professionals from other parts of
the world began to be elected to the Executive of
IACAPAP: from South America Krynski (1970)
and Prego-Silva (1974), from Africa Thebaud(1974) and Jegede, Nigeria (1978), from Asia Makita, Japan (1974), from the Middle East Marcus,
8

Israel (1966) and from Oceania Rickards, Australia (1970). Today all parts of the world are represented in the Executive Committee of IACAPAP,
reflecting the global distribution of its member
organizations.
In 1954 the Association was officially designatedin Massachusetts, USA, as a tax-exempt organization. Currently IACAPAP is registered in Geneva,
Switzerland, as a non-government organization(NGO), structured as a corporation and empowered as a juridical entity according to articles 60
ss of the Swiss Civil Code and the Constitutionof IACAPAP. It is the international professional
body that serves as an umbrella organization forchild and adolescent mental health associations
throughout the world. It is an advocate for troubled children and their families.

aims of the association

seminars for young scientists and since 2004 theDonald J.Cohen Fellowship Programme havef networking with like-minded professionals broadened the services offered by IACAPAP to
was the initial driving force for the Associa- mental health professionals. Publications such astion, the emphasis soon evolved into its cur- the Bulletin, the IACAPAP book series and Derent objectives, namely:
clarations complete the picture. The IACAPAP“To advocate for the promotion of mental health website www.iacapap.org is the portal to accessand development of children and adolescents much of this material.
through policy, practice and research. To promote the study, treatment, care and prevention ofmental and emotional disorders and disabilities membership
involving children, adolescents and their families through collaboration among the professions
he Association was founded by psychiaof child and adolescent psychiatry, psychology,
trists. Initially membership was open only
social work, paediatrics, public health, nursing,to members of the medical profession
education, social sciences and other relevant dis- working with children. However, from early on,
ciplines”.
attendance to meetings was also open to nonmedical professionals working in the field.
To achieve these aims one of the main activities
of IACAPAP has been to organize international Membership of the Association was a much discongresses for its members to meet with collea- cussed topic at the Assembly in 1948. As a regues, to learn from each other and to promote sult those working in allied professions such as
ethical child and adolescent mental health servi- clinical psychologists, child psychoanalysts andces and practices. From the beginning, the Con- psychotherapists, psychiatric social workers andstitution stipulated that congresses were to be others engaged in the psychiatric treatment ofheld every four years but in 2008 a decision was children were invited to participate in meetings
taken that the Association shall organize a world of the Association – though they were not initicongress every two to four years, circumstances ally admitted as members. Eventually eligibility
permitting. In addition to this, regional conferen- for membership came to include registered medices devoted to specific topics have been organi- cal practitioners with psychiatric qualifications
zed regularly over the years. During the last de- or training but also non-medical professionals
cades, activities such as study groups (seminars) technically qualified to work in child guidancein low income countries, international research clinics and institutions or who were engaged in

I

T

9

the psychiatric treatment of children, thus including psychologists, psychotherapists and social
workers. The interdisciplinary nature of the Association was stressed from the beginning, but
the current multi-disciplinary membership took
some years to develop!

More than one national organization can be considered for membership from one and the same
country. However, it was decided that any suchcountry could not exceed 15% of all memberswith a voting right at assemblies. Currently, thewording of the constitution regarding this issue
has been changed to the effect, that no country
The main members of IACAPAP , but for the very will have more than one vote. National member
beginning, have been national bodies involved in organizations from that country will have to shachild and adolescent psychiatry. However, each re this vote.
country was free to determine which professions
should be included in its own organization. The Today the Association has 58 full members fromcategory of associate (individual) members was all continents and is steadily continuing to reachestablished in 1954. These individual members, out to countries where our membership is either
both child psychiatrists and other professionals, thin or non-existent.
were quite numerous at early stages despite theirmostly simultaneous membership of their national organizations and this was probably led by a THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
wish to be more closely connected with the Association. Today individual membership is only
fficers of the Executive Committee (EC)for individuals coming from countries whereserve as individuals and do not represent
there is no national organization of child psychiatheir country nor their national member
try. Possible difficulties are here obvious in that association. They serve over a period of four years
the individual child psychiatrist is dependent on between General Assemblies.
the willingness of his/her national organization
to disseminate information related to IACAPAP. From the start the EC was composed of the preIn addition to individual members, other organi- sident, the secretary-general, the treasurer, one or
zations, working in our field of interest but not two vice presidents and one assistant secretaryrepresenting a country nor an individual child general. From 1948, with the Association known
psychiatrist, are welcome to be affiliated members by its first official name of IACP, the EC was larger
with five vice presidents (including the past-preand likewise to get all our information.
sident) and one assistant secretary-general. The
position of an Immediate Past-President ex offi-O

10

cio was instituted in 1954. From 1978 and to the When reading the files of IACAPAP over thepresent day there have been six vice presidents years two names stand out:
and three assistant secretaries-general.
Gerald Caplan:
Within the EC, a Bureau consisting of the Pre- Gerald Caplan, MD (1917 - 2008) was born in thesident, the Secretary-General, the Treasurer and UK and after his training in London moved to a
the Immediate Past-President manages the day- professorship at Harvard in the United States. Lato-day affairs, the main issues and projects.
ter on, in 1977 he moved to Israel. G Caplan was
one of the founding members of the Association
This is the list of Presidents from 1937,
in 1945 and he served as an officer on the Execuelected at General Assemblies:
tive Committee for about 25 years: as secretary(1935 Georges Heuyer, France)
general one term and as treasurer for five terms.
1937 Paul Schröder, Germany
In 1970 at the congress that took place in Jerusalem he was appointed Honorary President. He
1945 John R. Rees, UK
1948 Frederik H. Allen, USA
had worked for the Association from its start and1954 Jenny Aubry, France –had made a major contribution to its transformasucceeded by Victor Fontes, Portugaltion into an international and multidisciplinary1958 Arn van Krevelen, Netherlands
body and to ensuring its high standards. He had
1962 John Bowlby, UKestablished contact with important foundations,1966 Serge Lebovici, France
especially the William T. Grant Foundation,1970 E. James Anthony, USA
which awarded the Association a total of 158.000
1974 Albert J. Solnit, USA
USD over a 25-year period to support the mee1978 Lionel Hersov, UKtings of the Study Group (see below) - and the1982 Colette Chiland, France
Field Foundation, which over a period of 16 years
1986 Reimer Jensen, Denmark
made it possible for International Study Groups
1990 Irving Philips, USA –to meet in-between the international congressucceeded by Donald Cohen, USA
ses of IACAPAP. To honour Gerald Caplan, the1994 Donald Cohen, USA
Grant Foundation made funding available to1998 Helmut Remschmidt, Germany
make it possible to invite “an outstanding ex2004 Myron L. Belfer, USA
pert within child psychiatry to lecture during the2006 Per-Anders Rydelius, Sweden
first part of future congresses” - usually a senior2010 Olayinka Omigbodun, Nigeria
member of the Executive Committee, often thepast president - and give the “The Gerald Caplan
11Lecture”. Even though the Grant Foundation does
not support this lecture any more, the practice ofdelivering it goes on!

1998
Stockholm
Michele Maury“The application of psycho-analytic theory supportingchildren at medical risk”

The Caplan Lectures have been given regularly
2004
since 1974 as follows:
1974
Philadelphia
Serge Lebovici“Children’s clinic in the community”
1978
Melbourne
James Anthony“Sexual revolution and changing family patterns”
1982
DublinAlbert Solnit“The creative response to disaster”
1986
Paris
Lionel Hersov“The state of the art, retrospect and prospect”

BerlinColette Chiland“What about girls?”
2006
Melbourne
Helmut Remschmidt“Treatment evaluation in child and adolescent psychiatry”
2008
Istanbul
Myron Belfer“Challenges in global mental health”
2010
Beijing
Per-Anders Rydelius“Child and adolescent psychiatry: current status and developmental challenges”

1990
Kyoto
Colette Chiland“What children do with what has been done to them”
1994
San Francisco
David A. Hamburg“The earth is not flat: learning to accommodate human diversity”
Gerald Caplan 		
12

Colette Chiland

Colette Chiland:
The Association’s Bulletin number 17 was a very
special issue to honour Colette Chiland, who for
more than 30 years has held positions on the IACAPAP Executive Committee. C Chiland wastrained as a child psychiatrist, psychologist andpsychoanalyst. Her predominant international
activities have been connected to our Association, where she started as vice president in 1974,
was then elected president in 1982 and organized
the 11th world congress in Paris in 1986 –and isdoing so again in 2012. In 2002 she was elected
Honorary President of our Association. In 1973
she started to work as co-editor of the IACAPAP
books and took over as editor-in-chief around1990 until 1994. She is still going strong within
the EC of IACAPAP, and she is a member of acurrent ad hoc Constitution revision group.
The EC’s structure looked pretty much the same
during the period 1978 to 1994, with the Bureau(President, Secretary-General and Treasurer), six
Vice Presidents and three Assistant SecretariesGeneral; - altogether 12 elected officers plus the
Immediate Past President ex officio. (See appendix: Table of officers, elected at General Assemblies).

EC to meet different tasks and a perceived needfor diversification in terms of gender and profession. Donald Cohen formally created two new EC
member categories, individuals to be appointed
by the President: adjunct secretaries and counsellors. At the EC-meeting of July 1994, prior to theGeneral Assembly in San Francisco, he proposed “within a new thinking of an administrative
core….to enhance better communication with allcountries through more active persons. These appointed administrators should be invited to themeetings of the Executive Committee”. This led tothe appointment of three adjunct secretaries andtwo counsellors. In 1998, following an animateddiscussion within the EC about the implementation of these new positions and the appointmentof five counsellors, Donald Cohen emphasized
the need to increase the diversity of the EC in
order to “make up for the uneven distribution of
profession and gender” (the nominating committee had not adhered to this constitutional aspiration). The ensuing recommendation by the EC
was that “the new Bureau over the next years appoint to the EC two women who would not bechild psychiatrists”. In 1999 two female psychologists were appointed, one attended the EC twice,
the other not at all. Then both withdrew from theEC within a couple of years for different reasons.
Their appointments were never taken to the General Assembly for approval.

Then, in 1994, the composition of the EC waschanged to include additional secretaries andcounsellors appointed by the President. The demands on IACAPAP internationally and regio- From 1994 to 2010 there were three to eight nonnally were seen to require some expansion of the elected “adjunct secretaries” in addition to two

13

to five “counsellors” appointed by the President to join the EC-meetings. This made the
Executive too large, expensive and difficult
to manage. Therefore a decision was madeto keep to the original regulations again
without any additionally appointed officers.
This was put into effect by the Nominating
Committee with the elections at the General Assembly in Beijing in 2010, where thereturn to a strict constitutional state with
twelve elected officers in addition to thepast-president ex officio was endorsed. However, again in accordance to the President’s
wish, three counsellors were also appointed.
- The Honorary Presidents, the IACAPAP
book editors, the Bulletin editor and the organizers of the Donald Cohen Fellowship
Program and the Helmut Remschmidt Seminars are invited to join the meetings ofthe EC as well as the archivist.

CONSTITUTION

W

e can assume there must have beensome regulations for the International Committee for Child Psychiatry
to follow in 1937, but no copies have survived.
In 1948 when the IACP was founded, there must
similarly have been a written constitution – but
again no copy has survived. The oldest by-laws to
be found in the Archives of IACAPAP are from1954. The guiding principles were set already atthat time and have remained valid over time.

EC-meeting in Budapest 2009
Andres Martin, Myron Belfer, Jean-Philippe Raynaud, Kari Schleimer,
Colette Chiland, Per-Anders Rydelius, Helmut Remschmidt, Luis Rohde,
Robert Vermeiren, John Sikorski, Joaquin Fuentes & Yi Zheng.

The EC has an important role in promoting,integrating and co-ordinating professional
work for the exchange of scientific information and for fostering research in our field
throughout the world.

EC-meeting in Helsinki 2011
Helmut Remschmidt, Suzie Dean, Füsun Cuhadaroglu Cetin, Kari Schleimer, Olayinka Omigbodun & Joaquin Fuentes.
14bership besides full membership and to vary
membership fees according to these categories(1967)• to admit other professional groups as members. The groups of full, affiliate and associate
members were instituted (1970)• to incorporate adolescents into the name of the
Association and to increase the number of vicepresidents from six to seven (one of them to be
the past-president) in order to “allow for better
geographic representation”. Also to constitute aninternational study group to assist between Congresses in preparing the next Congress theme
and to make this group an official component of
the IACP&AP (1978)• to decrease the number of vice presidents again
to six (1982)• to change the way of deciding membershipdues (1986)• to set itself up as a corporation, empowered asa juridical person according to articles 60 ss CCS(Constitution de la Confédération Suisse) to beregistered in Geneva, Switzerland (1986)*• again to adjust the dues structure to make it
more in-keeping with the WHO/World BankCountry Income Classification (2004)• a decision to organize a World Congress every
two to four years, circumstances permitting –but to continue to have General Assemblies only
every four years (2006)

The name of the Association was changed to
IACP&AP in 1958 (see above). At the General
Assembly in Scheveningen in 1962, a revision
was proposed aiming to divide the Association
into two sections, one for the medical profession
and another for the allied professions. However,this proposal was rejected. In 1967 a new set ofby-laws compiled by the EC was circulated to allmembers – mainly addressing financial issues related to subscription dues. This shows that the bylaws, or constitution as we prefer to call it today,
have been the subject of revisions several times
over the years:• to place the annual subscription dues of all
member associations onto a sliding scale depending on the number of members of any association (1966) and to run the fiscal year from July
1st unto June 30th• to differentiate categories of membership more *The Association has to be registered somewhere,
otherwise legal difficulties may arise (responsibieffectively, bring in affiliate and associate mem15

CONGRESSES

lity etc). Each change in the composition of the
Bureau and the Executive Committee as well asof the Constitution has to be forwarded to Geneva and to the legal representative appointed by
IACAPAP.
At a meeting in Florence in 2007 the EC appointed an ad hoc group (Schleimer, Chiland, Nurcombe, Martin and later Omigbodun), to revise
the Constitution, especially with regard to:a) the acceptance of more than two nationalorganizations from one and the same countryb) the voting implications for each country
with more than one national organization
as full membersc) the composition of the Nominating
Committeed) the procedure of requesting nominations
for EC officers
As a result a revision of the constitution was carried out, including modernization of the terminology. This revision was discussed in Beijing in2010 at the EC-meeting, when further amendments were recommended. The final revised,amended version will be brought for approval toan extra-ordinary General Assembly to be held
during the world congress in Paris in 2012.

16

C
THE CONSTITUTIONOFOCIATION FOR
THE INTERNATIONAL ASST PSYCHIATRY AND
CHILD AND ADOLESCENALLIED PROFESSIONS

Amended in 2012

ongresses are multi-disciplinary, have aparticular theme and are often precededby working group activities in the hostcountry, designed to provide an educational exchange and opportunity for teaching and learning. By rotating congresses around the world,
the national associations and colleagues fromdifferent regions become engaged in the work of
IACAPAP, which in turn contributes to the exchange of knowledge and ideas. Congresses andthe study groups are complemented by a series ofbooks or monographs associated with the congresses.

venue because the World Exhibition was goingon at the same time. Other large conventions also
took place concurrently, amongst them The International Mental Hygiene Conference and The
International Congress on Psychology – which
made the organizers of our congress hope that
lecturers would be attracted to present papers at
all these different meetings.

The second Congress was planned to take place in1941 in Leipzig, Germany. However, World War
II made it impossible to arrange any international meetings and, besides, the elected congresspresident Paul Schröder had died earlier thatyear. In September 1945 in Zürich, Switzerland,
at a meeting of the International Committee for
The 1st Congress in Paris, France 1937.
Child Psychiatry under the leadership of Georges
This first international congress for child psychia- Heuyer, it was decided to hold the next congress
try was initiated by Georges Heuyer (France) and in London in 1948. The recently finished World
Moritz Tramer (Switzerland). Heuyer was to be War cast a shadow over this meeting. In recognithe congress president. The congress’ main topics tion of the enormous achievement of Great Briwere “Conditioned reflexes -Pedagogics and child tain during the war, an Englishman was unanipsychiatry – Juvenile criminality”. (W. Healy from mously elected as president, John Rees, who was
Boston USA, the founder of the Child Guidance then allowed to select his secretary-general, GeClinics, presented a paper on ”Intellectual disa- rald Caplan from London, UK.
bility and Criminal Responsibility”). The numberof participants was 350 from 49 mostly European The 2nd Congress in London, UK 1948.
countries, although no lists of child psychiatrists The President of the International Conferencein various countries existed at the time and the- on Child Psychiatry was therefore John R Rees,
refore the difficulties in organising this congress who was also president of the International Conwere obvious. Official languages in addition to ference on Medical Psychotherapy and the InterFrench were English and German. There were national Conference on Mental Health – all thsimultaneous translations. Paris was chosen as a ree meetings taking place in London at the same17

time! As proposed by Moritz Tramer, the name of
the Committee was changed to the International
Association for Child Psychiatry, IACP. The theme of the congress was “Personality development
and its individual and social aspects with specialreference to aggression” – a theme recommended by an ad hoc committee including amongst
others John Bowlby, Anna Freud and Donald
W.Winnicott – well-known authorities withinchild psychiatry! At the business meeting (General Assembly) 30 countries were represented, notonly from Europe. Hans Asperger, another wellknown name, represented Austria. Participationin this congress was open to medical professionals with qualifications in psychiatry and to nonmedical professionals working in Child GuidanceClinics, e.g. psychologists, psychoanalysts andpsychotherapists, and social workers working
within psychiatry. In his opening address John
Rees pointed at the very special significance of
this post-war congress with regards to the situation of children and aggression in childhood. In
his own words: “We can, and we must, see to itthat children are more wisely handled, so thatwith better understanding they may grow up as
people, free to make positive and useful contacts
with their fellows, rather than suffer from all thenegative qualities that lead to individual unhappiness and just as certainly to tensions and stresses
in the larger groups of society”. He also stressed
the essential co-operation of different vocational groups within child psychiatry: “We in childpsychiatry have recognised, more readily perhaps
18

than other groups of our colleagues, that we must
work together as a team ….”
Since 1948 there have been another seven congresses in Europe, two in the USA, two in Australia and one each in Canada, Israel, Turkey, Japanand China.
The 3rd Congress in Toronto, Canada 1954.
The 3rd Congress was planned to take place in the
USA in 1952, but was postponed until 1954 andeventually took place in Toronto. The President
was Frederick Allen and the theme was “Emotional problems of early childhood - up to the ageof six years”. The International Preparatory Commission had planned the congress at a meetingin Copenhagen earlier that year to give speakers
sufficient time for preparation. About 800 delegates were present. The main contents were divided
in four sections of interest: childhood psychoses,
general prevention, psychosomatic disorders andmother-child separation. The contributions tothe congress were characterized by psychoanalytical thinking. Special emphasis was put on thepreventive role of child psychiatry, in line with
Gerald Caplan’s work and his textbook called“Emotional Problems of Early Childhood”, which
was published in 1955 and became highly influential worldwide.
The 4th Congress in Lisbon, Portugal 1958.
The President was Victor Fontes. It should havebeen Jenny Aubry who for personal reasons had

resigned during her term and was replaced byFontes. The theme was “The emotional life of thechild 6-12 years”, a follow-up of the theme in Toronto. Five special fields of interest were addressed: Emotional deprivation of children 6-12 years
old – Teamwork in child psychiatry – Educationof child therapists – Psychotherapeutic methods– Somatic aspects within child psychiatry. This
last theme was especially requested by Georges
Heuyer, who insisted on giving special attention
to somatic causes of child psychiatric illnesses.
He insisted that one full day of the congress be
devoted to more eclectic child psychiatry, not justpsychoanalysis. At the closure of the congress
Léon Michaux from France emphasized that both
psychosomatics and psychoanalytic theories andtechniques contributed to the field of child psychiatry and that these different approaches should
enrich each other. Nic Waal from Norway talked
about teamwork within our speciality, pointed atdifficulties to integrate different views in the bestinterest of the child and the family and stressed
the necessary feeling of security and identity inall team members to create a true means of democratic co-operation. – A final plenary session
was organized, moderated by Gerald Caplan, at
which group discussions and symposia were reviewed and discussed by a panel.

commission to work towards the goal of harmonizing the training of specialists in Europe – later
to be fulfilled by the UEMS (Union of European
Medical Specialists).

The 5th Congress in Scheweningen,
The Netherlands 1962.
The President for this Congress was Dick Arnold(Arn) van Krevelen. The theme “Primary prevention of mental disorders in children”, for the firsttime recognized and addressed at this congress,
was divided into: general prevention, preventionof somatic etiologic factors, prevention of psychosocial etiologic factors and prevention of mental
disorders in the social environment. Discussion
groups were formed, dealing with topics such as:
the dynamics of a team – group dynamics in society – co-operative work in medicine – co-operation with day care centres, with schools, withlegal services – training of child psychiatric staff– training of social services involved in prevention. The highlight of the congress was, according
to the majority of participants, an evening session
with three pioneers in child psychiatry: Moritz
Tramer, Georges Heuyer and Leo Kanner, discussing the future of child psychiatry. Tramer called
attention to the fact that adult psychiatry and paediatrics were the “mothers” of child psychiatry
and pointed at the necessity of independence forWithin the frame of this congress a symposium our discipline. Heuyer stressed his opinion that
arranged by the UEP (Union Européenne des Pa- child psychiatry among all other medical disciedopsychiatres) on the training situation of child plines was most complex and challenging since
psychiatrists in Europe led to the creation of a it had to bear responsibility for the future mental
19

health and social development of children. Kanner expressed his hopes for the establishment ofchild psychiatry as an internationally orientatedspecial discipline of medicine. There was notmuch discussion about psychoanalysis.
The 6th Congress in Edinburgh,
United Kingdom 1966.
The President was John Bowlby. The theme was“Puberty and Adolescence”. There were four plenary sessions. Forty discussion groups took place
and were to “feed” the final plenary. There were
simultaneous translations into English, French
and German. One innovative session addressed
the status and training of the child psychiatrist.
There were visits to centres of interest and a precongress publication: “Fundamental concepts ofpuberty and adolescence” was made available toeach Congress participant.
The 7th Congress in Jerusalem, Israel 1970.
The theme was “The Child in his Family” andthe Congress President was Serge Lebovici. The
scientific work was organized by an international
study group together with the Executive Committee . There were six simultaneous daily symposia on the following themes: 1.The family asa psycho-social unit. 2. Mental disorders in thefamily. 3. The influence of physical illness of thechild or the parents on the child’s mental equilibrium. 4. The family and its environment.

The 8th Congress in Philadelphia, USA 1974.
The President was E. James Anthony. Very little
information about this meeting is available except for the theme: “Children at Risk. The vulnerable child – psychiatric risk and mastery inchildhood“. The main theme was divided into
symposia on: The child as an individual - The
child and the family - The child and the school- The child and the community. In addition informal meetings were arranged with top leaders inchild psychiatry and allied professions, as well as
an evening of home hospitality and field demonstration visits.
The 9th Congress in Melbourne, Australia 1978.
Albert Solnit was the President and Winston
Rickards the Chairman of the Congress Organizing Committee. The theme was “Children andParents in a Changing World”. There were 647
participants from 27 countries and all continents.

Serge Lebovici, Jon Lange, Kiyoshi Makita & Reimer Jensen.
20-, Winston Rickards, - , Al Solnit, Lionel Hersov & James Anthony .

The program included the following themes:• Sexual revolution and changing family patterns• Equal rights revolution• Technological and cultural changes andbehavioural sciences• Communications explosion: media and family• Nutritional biomedical and psychophysiological issues affecting psychosocial function with afocus on prevention.
The 10th Congress in Dublin, Ireland 1982.
The President was Lionel Hersov. The theme was:
“Children in Turmoil – Tomorrow’s Parents”.
There were 14 parallel sessions taking place mostdays, 36 symposia, 15 workshops and 388 open
papers, as well as 3 discussion groups. There werescientific sessions on: Child and adolescent development under conditions of turmoil – Family
turmoil and change – From infancy to late adolescence: responses to stress and disadvantage –The transformation of child and adolescent into

parent – Parenthood. The congress took place at
Trinity College. There were some organizing difficulties as there were two main headquarters, in
Dublin and in London, but these were ironed out
thanks to the generous hospitality of Irish colleagues of the Local Organising Committee and“a good humoured level of toleration on both sides”. Philip Graham gave a marvellous summingup of the congress and the President “dismissed”
the participants with the following Irish blessing,bringing tears to many eyes:
May the road rise to meet you
May the wind always be at your backMay the sun shine warm upon your face
The rains fall soft upon your fields
And until we meet again
May God hold you in the palm of his hand.
The 11th Congress in Paris, France 1986.
The President was Colette Chiland and the theme“New approaches to infant, child, adolescent andfamily mental health”. There were sections addressing the broad spectrum of child and adolescent
psychiatry: The concept of mental health – Perinatal factors – Aids and obstacles to development
related to changes in life styles – A new look atadolescence – The new shape of mental healthand mental pathology – The inequality of mental
health – New forms of services for new problems,and Meet the author sessions. Volume 9 of the
IACAPAP series “The Child in the Family” wasbased on this congress.
21

The 12th Congress in Kyoto, Japan 1990.
The President was Reimer Jensen and the theme:“Child rearing, education and psychopathology”.
There were 1.391 participants from 41 countries
and 624 presentations: 9 plenary sessions, 91 symposia, 6 poster sessions, case reports and video
sessions. Symposia were presented by a number ofother organisations including the World Association for Infant Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines(WAIPAD), the International Society of Adolescent Psychiatry (ISAP), the American Association
for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP),
the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) and the

The 13th Congress in San Francisco, USA 1994.
The President was Donald J. Cohen. It shouldhave been Irving Philips who, however, died in
1992. The theme was: “Violence and the vulnerable child”. There were 1.132 participants from 56

Seven presidents: Reimer Jensen, Al Solnit, Serge Lebovici, Colette Chiland, Donald Cohen, Lionel Hersov & James Anthony wereassembled at this congress in 1994.

Ginger Anthony, Colette Chiland, Kari Schleimer, Andreas Warnke, Helmut Remschmidt & Mary Philips.

countries, over 500 abstracts. 10 plenary or key
lectures and 39 organized scientific symposia,
some sponsored by international organizations.
Through French funding 25 representatives from
Eastern European countries, child psychiatrists
as well as child psychologists, were invited to thisKosuke Yamazaki, Shigeta Saito, Reimer Jensen, Koichiro Shira- congress and to a pre-congress seminar. Thesehashi & Kiyoshi Ogura.
colleagues had become known to IACAPAP ata study group in Budapest in 1992. About 10 ofWorld Health Organization (WHO). On the last them were involved in a refugee project in exday Richard Lansdown presented an evaluation Yugoslavia with Rune Stuvland from Norway asof all contributions. The congress was sited in the leader and gave their reports. The social highlight
Kyoto International Conference Hall.
was a buffet in the courtyards of the Asian andYoung Art Museums in Golden Gate Park.
22

The 14th Congress in Stockholm, Sweden 1998.
The President was Donald J. Cohen. The theme
was: “Trauma and recovery – Care of Children
by 21st Century Clinicians”. There were 1324
participants from 63 countries, among them 28-, Phyllis and Donald Cohen, a representative from the City of
Stockholm, Lena and Per-Anders Rydelius.

invited Eastern European child psychiatrists andpsychologists, sponsored by the Swedish East European Committee. Every congress day started
with a “IACAPAP-Lecture”, preceded by an artistic introduction, an “emotional event” lastinga few minutes, related to the topic of the lecture.
Torsten Wiesel, then President of the Rockefeller
University New York and Nobel Prize Winner,
spoke about “Brain Development – Nature andNurture”, Urie Bronfenbrenner about “Growing
chaos in the lives of children, youth and families:
consequences and counter-strategies”, Sir Michael Rutter about “Resilience versus vulnerability– which is most important in prevention?” andJames Garbarino about “Making sense of senseless youth violence”. Symposia, seminars and poster sessions filled the rest of the days, including
all aspects of child and adolescent psychiatry. To
help all participants and presenters find their way
there were “angels” in yellow t-shirts, called the“Crew”, spread all over the site. The congress contained some unusual, special features: children
and adolescents were introduced and performed
music, art and dancing, not only at the opening
and closing ceremonies but continuously during
the congress in between sessions and during
lunch breaks. Congress participants themselves
would take part in music, dance and art therapy
events. A huge congress painting was producedby all who wanted to contribute. The congressdinner was arranged in the Opera restaurant witha bright view on the Royal Palace and a magnificent firework that, however, was to honour another event.
23

The Jerusalem meeting in 2000, a joint ventureof IACAPAP, ISAPP (the International Societyof Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology) and
WAIMH (the World Association for Infant
Mental Health).
This meeting with the theme “The PromisedChildhood” would have served as a useful focal
point for developing relationships and promoting
the fields of child mental health throughout the
Middle East. Donald Cohen, who was especially keen on this millennium meeting, pointed atways to minimize differences and accentuate shared concerns and he drew attention to the needto involve Palestinian professionals. However, themeeting had to be cancelled because of serious
political events in the region. The three international organizations felt they could not recommend to theirs members to go to Israel at the time
when the congress was scheduled. Subsequently,
this meeting took place in Tel Aviv as an Israeli
meeting with some international attendance.

The meeting turned into a regional congress witha different title and under different circumstances
but was allowed to hold the number 15 in the listof IACAPAP congresses by request of the organizers.
It was then decided to hold the 16th Congress inBerlin, Germany, already in August 2004 and thenext in 2006 in Melbourne, Australia, in order toget back to the pattern of a congress every fourthyear.
The 16th Congress in Berlin, Germany 2004.
The President was Helmut Remschmidt and the

The 15th Congress was to be held in
New Delhi, India 2002.
The congress, planned to take place in India in
2002, could not be held under the aegis of IACAPAP. It was cancelled by a collective decision
medal recipients Winston Rickards (his daughter), Kariof the Executive Committee at the late hour be- The
Schleimer, Giovanni Bollea, (Helmut Remschmidt) & Ahmed
cause of unfavourable political circumstances in Okasha in 2004 (Jack Davis absent).
India where there had been an army built up at
the border with neighbouring countries. Travel theme: “Facilitating pathways – care, treatment
warnings were issued by a number of countries and prevention in child and adolescent mental
and by the UN when the tension was at its height. health”. There were about 2000 participants. The
24

Olayinka Omigbodun got a poster price from Savita Malhotra.

The 17th Congress in Melbourne, Australia
2006
The President was Myron L Belfer and the theme:“Child and Adolescent Mental Health: Nurturing
Diversity”. There were more than 1400 delegatesfrom 65 countries, half of them from outside Australia, 850 presentations and 28 invited speakers.
There were plenary sessions, state of the art lectures, symposia, workshops and poster presentations. The Donald Cohen Fellowship Programme
was again active at this congress. Bringing together the perspectives of professionals and researchers, of consumers, parents and carers andof young people themselves, the congress encompassed all dimensions of diversity. Brian Robertson was honoured with the International Award.

Donald Cohen Fellowship Programme was started at this congress (see below). Olayinka Omigbodun, who was to become IACAPAP President
some years later, won a poster session price. Michael Hong was honoured with the International
Contribution Award sponsored by the Korean
Academy of Child and Adsolescent Psychiatry
and five colleagues were awarded the IACAPAP
medal for support of the Association in special
ways and for the promotion of child and adolescent psychiatry internationally. The Congress re- Anne and Winston Rickards, Suzie Dean & Campell Paul at themembered deceased colleagues: - Serge Lebovici, opening ceremony.
Donald Cohen, Albert Solnit, Luis Prego Silva
and Richard Harrington.
A full report of this 17th congress is to be foundin the IACAPAP Archives.
25

Suzie Dean & Barry Nurcombe - both members of the LOC.

The 18th Congress in Istanbul, Turkey 2008
The President was Per-Anders Rydelius and thetheme: “Carrying hope between East and Westfor 3 C’s: Children, Cultures and Commitments”.
There were about 2000 participants. One full day
was devoted to Clinical Syndromes. Sir Michael
Rutter presented recent findings on autism spectrum disorders. Research and current opinions
on bipolar disorders were discussed. The fourth
day was devoted to Psychosocial and Cultural Issues, and addressed children’s wellbeing and violence against women and children. Many aspects
of clinical practice were outlined by important
contributions from the allied professions. The
Donald Cohen Fellowship Programme was partof the Congress. Sir Michael Rutter was honoured
with the International Contribution Award.

The 19th Congress in Beijing, China 2010
The President was Per-Anders Rydelius and thetheme: “Improving child mental health: Increasing awareness and new pathways for care”. There
were 1.696 participants from 81 countries. This
congress was a true joint venture between International and Regional organizations: it was
hosted by the Chinese Society of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (CSCAP) and it doubled up
as the 6th congress of the Asian Society of Childand Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions (ASCAPAP). It was held at the China National Convention Centre. There were 8 keynote

was active as well. Five child psychiatrists were
given the IACAPAP medal and Myron Belfer
was honoured with the International Contribution Award, sponsored by the Korean Academyof Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. The Chinese
government attached great importance and was
represented in the congress.

The three organizers of the Congress in Beijing 2012:
PA Rydelius, Daniel Fung & Yi Zheng, presidents of IACAPAP,
ASCAPAP and CSCAP respectively.

The Executive Committee of IACAPAP has
approved the following future Congresses:
The 20th Congress in Paris, France 2012
The President will be Olayinka Omigbodun andthe theme: “Brain, mind and development”.

Winston Rickards & Myron Belfer in Melbourne 2006.

The 21st Congress in Durban, South Africa 2014
Nese Erol & Colette Chiland on a boat tour before the congressdinner.

Winston Rickards, Helmut Remschmidt, Kosuke Yamazaki &Barry Nurcombe in Melbourne 2006.
26

Tom Achenbach, Nese Erol & P-A Rydelius in Istanbul.

The 22nd Congress in Calgary, Canada 2016lectures, 21 state-of-the art lectures, and many
oral- and poster presentations were given. Satellite symposia were organized by pharmaceuticalfirms. The Donald Cohen Fellowship Programme
27

ACTA PAEDOPSYCHIATRICA

M

oritz Tramer from Switzerland and Georges Heuyer from France were twooutstanding child psychiatrists who
made a distinguished contribution to the development of the discipline of child psychiatry inEurope. Tramer demonstrated his commitment
to the discipline by financially supporting the“Journal of Child Psychiatry” (Zeitschrift für Kinderpsychiatrie), a journal he himself had founded
in 1934 as a Swiss forum for medical-psychiatricresearch and clinical practice in the new discipline of child psychiatry. It was the very firstjournal of its kind in the world and soon achieved
international circulation and found international
collaborators. The 1936 volume was dedicated to
Sigmund Freud on his 80th birthday. From 1935
on it had subscribers in 24 countries and in 1949
it was officially accepted as the organ of the International Association of Child Psychiatry (IACP).
It was a multilingual publication (German, English, French, Italian and Spanish), articles were
written in the author’s language but had substantial abstracts in the other languages. It conveyed
information from our Association including proceedings from international congresses as well asother news. Thematic issues covering topics ofspecial interest were published on a regular basis. Of special interest is the fact that Leo Kanner
was the author of the first chapter of the journal
introducing the Kanner Syndrome, while Hans
Asperger was the author of another paper descri-

28

bing the syndrome later to be called the Asperger
syndrome.
In 1953 the journal changed its name to “Acta Paedopsychiatrica - Zeitschrift für Kinderpsychiatrie – Revue de Psychiatrie Infantile” and from1960 to simply “Acta Paedopsychiatrica” witheight issues per annum. An international advisory board included Annell (Sweden), Bollea
and de Sanctis (Italy), Donner (Finland), Fontes(Portugal), Heuyer and Michaux (France), Nassar(Chile), Spiel (Austria) and Wergeland (Norway)
among others. Tramer held the editor-in-chief
position, and after his death in 1963 this was taken over by Arn van Krevelen, former presidentof IACP&AP. The number of papers in English
increased in the 1960s and in addition to Switzerland, where the journal was the official organ
for our discipline, it was also accepted as such inGermany, Finland, Sweden (already from 1953),
Norway and Spain.
Acta Paedopsychiatrica got into financial difficulties in the 1970s and was discontinued. It reappeared but finally came to an end in 1994.

PUBLICATIONS
Reports:
From 1948 congress reports were published in
The Acta Paedopsychiatrica. One of these, “Prevention of Mental Disorders in Children” published alongside the 1962 congress with the same
theme and edited by Gerald Caplan, became widely used as a textbook and is available in the IACAPAP Archives.
Newsletters and Journals:
In 1990 Irving Philips, president at that time,
started a President’s Newsletter which was distributed to all members of the Association – byordinary mail and therefore at quite some cost!
In 1994 the Newsletter was considerably expanded following a proposal from Jocelyn Hattab. It
was given a new format and entitled the Journalof IACAPAP .

about recent, current and future IACAPAP activities and related information. In the last
decade reports of world congresses have been expanded and this has allowed participantsfrom different countries to give their opinion
about the congress and also report on theircontribution and that of others to the development of our discipline in their home country.
Nowadays the Bulletin is distributed on the homepage of IACAPAP www.iacapap.org. It is
published three times a year with Joe Rey from
Australia as editor. To ensure a steady streamof contributions, since 2010 more than 20 correspondents from as many countries have been
appointed to deliver a minimum of two contributions per year to the Bulletin. This has been very
successful and resulted in a broadening of thecontents, variety and geographical distributionof contributions.

IACAPAP Facebook page:The editors in those days were Jocelyn Hattab This came into effect in 2011 and is managed byfrom Israel and Cynthia Pfeffer from the US. the Secretary-General with the help of the corThey were succeeded by Phyllis Cohen and An- respondents contributing to the Bulletin.
dres Martin both from the US assisted by Myron
Belfer, IACAPAP treasurer at the time. Since the IACAPAP homepage:spring 2008, Joseph Rey from Australia has been www.iacapap.org has been live since 2010 and exthe editor of what had become known as the IA- panded over time. The main information about
CAPAP Bulletin.
the Association is to be found there.
The Bulletin:
IACAPAP e-book:
Since January 1997 the Journal has been named This will be published in 2012 and be available frethe Bulletin. It aims to inform
ely on the web, for the special benefit of countries
29

where textbooks cannot be purchased by all. The seems more expedient to refer to them as simply
chief editor is Joe Rey.
“IACAPAP books”.
Volume 12 “Designing Mental Health Services
and Systems for Children and Adolescents: ashrewd Investment” (1998) was honoured withthe 1998 Books of the Year Award by the American Journal of Nursing.

Joe Rey, editor of the Bulletin andthe e-book.

Elena Garralda, editor of the
IACAPAP books.

Books:
IACAPAP commissioned books, originally called yearbooks, have been edited since 1970 andeither given to participants at congresses or published as a post-congress book. Alltogether 18
volumes have been edited so far :• The Child in his Family Series 1970-1994(11 volumes)• The Leadership Series 1998-2004 (3 volumes)• The Working with Children & Adolescents
Series 2006 – (4 volumes so far).

Volume 14 “Facilitating pathways: care, treatment
and prevention in child and adolescent mental
health” (2004) was edited by IACAPAP officers
instead of the book editors. However, this volume had an obvious connection with IACAPAP,
linked as it was to the Berlin Congress, where it
was distributed as the congress book.
Over the years the appointed editors have beensequentially: James Anthony, Cyrille Koupernik,
Colette Chiland, Gerald Young, Pierre Ferrari,
Elena Garralda, Martine Flament and Jean-Philippe Raynaud – working together in different
combinations. After the congress in Paris in 2012
Elena Garralda will cease and Matthew Hodes(UK) and Susan Gau (Taiwan/US) will step in as
co-editors with Jean Philippe Raynaud.

Declarations:
Advocacy has become increasingly importantand is manifest through the publication of declaTerms like The Yearbook of IACAPAP, The Book rations/statements by the Association. These have
Series, The Mentor Series and The Monograph addressed areas of concern related to the developSeries have all been used over the years, but it ment and mental health of children and they have30

outlined optimal management approaches. The
declarations are meant to be widely circulated as
advocacy documents to ministries of health andeducation, key decision makers, professionals andothers, with the aim of improving the situationof mentally and behaviourally impaired children
and their families. Special attention has been given to the promotion of the rights of children.
Ethical issues have always been a major concernof the Association and the last “IACAPAP Ethics”
declaration was edited in 2006. Published declarations so far are listed below:

Jerusalem 2000
Children’s Rights

Budapest 1992
Assuring the Mental Health of Children

Spring 2005
Statement on Responses to Natural Disasters

June 1992
Bill of Rights for Children in Institutions

Melbourne 2006
IACAPAP Ethics 2006 (revised).
The Melbourne Declaration on Nurturing Diversity

Venice 1996
Principles for Organizing Mental Health Systems
for Children and Adolescents
Venice 1998
Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Sharm El Sheik 2000
On the Founding of the EMACAPAP (East
Mediterranean Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions)

Rome 2003
Caring for Children affected by Maltreatment,
War, Terrorism and Disaster
Berlin 2004
Assuring Mental Health for Children and Adolescents.
Principles of Ethics in Child and Adolescent
Mental HealthJanuary 2008
Declaration of the Consortium for Global Infant,Child and Adolescent Mental Health (IACAPAP
together with WAIMH, ISAPP, WFMH andInterCAM HS)

Modena 2000
Genetics of Autism
31

STUDY GROUPST

he Bureau elected in London in 1948
(Allan, Barhash and Caplan) decided to
set up a commission to prepare congresses. So, the International Preparatory Commission included members from the Executive
Committee of IACAPAP and other outstanding
professionals in the field, an international faculty and local child psychiatrists, invited as guest
consultants with expertise in relevant areas. The
meetings of the Commission, in between the congresses, were financed by the Grant Foundationand the Field Foundation of New York, thanks to
Gerald Caplan who by then had moved to Boston . The Commission met for the first time in
Copenhagen in 1954 to review current researchon the theme of the 3rd congress, and to selectplenary session topics and speakers who would
present the material at the congress. In 1963 thename of the Commission was changed to the International Study Group (ISG). The ISG met indifferent parts of the world, most commonly byinvitation from the host country of the upcoming
congress, with a group of selected professionals
together with one or two world authorities on the
problems to be discussed. A major purpose was tolearn from the sharing of information and to provide a perspective, informed by the experience ofdifferent countries. The William T. Grant Foundation sponsored these meetings for many years.

of meetings primarily aiming to work on the content and format of the up-coming congress, theISG began to focus on providing scientific material for the yearbooks, initially published every
second year. Although these books continued tobe geared to the central theme of the congress, theplanning of the latter became detached to a localorganising committee. This resulted in a new format for the preparation of a congress:a) a Local Organizing Committee (LOC) was instituted to prepare, plan for and manage a congress, andb) the International Study Group (ISG) tookfurther the congress theme by organizing a seriesof small meetings of experts in selected countries,
through site visits and discussions with local faculty, in order to gain first hand impressions oflocal conditions in the designated areas.

Western world for so many years. We provided
tickets to help them come to Budapest by plane orby train. However, none showed up from Estonia
because the plane, for financial reasons, could notrefuel!

Anna Balázcs, Reimer Jensen, Agnes Vétro & Irving Philips in
Budapest 1991.

The concept of a “working” congress with active
participation in discussion groups and similar
activities began in 1970. It was hoped “that transcultural discourse would eventually become a recognized mode for investigating the many facetsof developmental psychopathology across theworld” (Anthony & Koupernik).

In April 1991 a group of four IACAPAP officers:
Irving Philips, Reimer Jensen, Helmut Remschmidt and Kari Schleimer by invitation of the
Hungarian Child Psychiatric Society (president
Agnes Vetró) visited Budapest, and by invitation
Over time there was a change in policy: instead of the Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
32of the Czechoslovakian Psychiatric Association(president Eva Malá) visited Prague to familiarise themselves with the status of child and adolescent psychiatry in these countries and to meetwith colleagues working in our field. The aim wasalso to discuss and prepare a future meeting withleading child and adolescent psychiatrists fromall the Eastern European countries. We decided tohave this meeting in Budapest the following year.
However, it was not easy to find names of leadingchild psychiatrists in countries cut off from the

Helmut Remschmidt, Kari Schleimer & Reimer Jensen in Prague.

Eventually, a historic meeting, a very special International Study Group was organized in Budapest in April 1992 on the initiative of Irving
Philips and during his presidency. The purpose
was to present new research from the West as
well as to discuss ways in which to help thesecountries develop a different type of independent
child psychiatry, with a reduced biological perspective for understanding and treating mental
disorders in children. Stress was also put on thedevelopment of psychotherapies and especiallysocio-therapeutic attitudes and therapeutic environments. The meeting became a great success,33

not only because of IACAPAP members meetingwith East European colleagues, but also by Eastern colleagues meeting and discussing with eachother, something they had had little chance to do
until then, coming as they did from countries aswide apart as Latvia in the north and Albania inthe south. Their common language was Russian.
Thus, this ISG was part of the important processof developing new lines of communication withand bringing Eastern European colleagues andtheir national societies into contact with IACAPAP. Two years later, at the world congress in
San Francisco in 1994, a large group of Eastern
European colleagues participated with financial
help from a French sponsor. Later, at a meetingof the European Society of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry (ESCAP) in Utrecht, the Soros Foundation assisted another group from Eastern Europe to make it possible for them to attend. And
at the IACAPAP congress in Stockholm in 1998

Study group in Budapest 1992. Colleagues from Eastern Europe
and the EC meet.
34

Study groups have been held in:
Copenhagen, Denmark 1954 1st meeting of the International
Preparatory Commission
The Hague, Netherlands 1959
Cambridge, USA 1960
Scheveningen, Netherlands 1962
Rome, Italy 1963 1st meeting of the International
Study group (ISG)
London, UK 1964

Vienna, Austria 1965
1966
1970
Zürich, Switzerland 1971
Bled, Yugoslavia 1972
Dakar, Senegal 1973
Philadelphia, USA 1974
London, UK 1975
Jerusalem, Israel 1976
Ahmedabad, India 1977
Melbourne, Australia 1978

Gällöfsta, Sweden 1980
Ibadan, Nigeria 1981
China 1984
Osaka, Japan 1988
Kyoto, Japan 1989
Budapest, Hungary 1992
New Delhi, India, 2001
Nairobi, Kenya, 2007
Porto Allegre, Brazil 2007
Vilnius, Lithuania, 2008
Abuja, Nigeria, 2009

Donald Cohen, Jewgenij Salzman (Latvia) & Myron Belfer
in Budapast 1992.

a Swedish organization (Östeuropa kommittén))brought in still more Eastern European colleagues. Today many of the national societies ofchild psychiatry in these countries are full members of our Association.
In between congresses International Study
Groups have been arranged, quite often in the
country due to host the next congress. These regional study groups stimulated research within
our field, arranged meetings with local colleagues and other mental health officers and prepared presentations for the next congress. In later
years the study groups have been complemented
by research seminars with the aim of stimulating
younger colleagues to engage in research work.
Study groups have been led by officers of the Executive Committee of IACAPAP and by invited
experts.
Study group in Nairobi 2007 under the leadership of Brian Robertson & Myron Belfer.
35

In addition, regional study groups have also beenarranged. Thus, IACAPAP has been supportiveof the EMACAPAP (East Mediterranean Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry andAllied Professions) study groups in Alexandria,
Egypt in 2007 and in Beirut, Lebanon in 2008, later also in Tunisia.
DEVELOPMENT OFEDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMESI

nternational Study Groups (ISG) have existed
almost since the beginning of our international organization. In later years the ISGs havebeen aimed to further and strengthen an interestin child and adolescent psychiatry in economically less favoured countries, and to facilitate andimprove the development of good clinical practice, based on research and clinical experience andon the United Nation declaration of Children’s
rights.
Seminars have been arranged since the 1990s.
There has been some confusion of the terms“study group” and “seminar” which sometimes
have been used indistinctly. Whatever the name,
IACAPAP has taken a special role in fostering the
growth of research capacity in child and adolescent psychiatry in developing countries. Special mention is due to the Helmut Remschmidt
Research Seminars and the Donald Cohen Fellowship Programmes. But, IACAPAP has alsosponsored research training in the Eastern Medi-

36

terranean region and in Africa on a regional basis.
The Helmut Remschmidt
Research Seminar
In 1998 Helmut Remschmidt arranged a European Research Seminar under the sponsorshipof the European Society of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry (ESCAP) in his capacity as the President of ESCAP at that time. The idea was to support young colleagues, who intended to pursue ascientific career, with their research projects. This
first seminar and the subsequent ones, now under
the leadership of IACAPAP, have in the main all
had the same structure, as follows:• The seminar takes place about 6 months prior
to a IACAPAP congress in the geographical area
where the next congress will take place• Participants are proposed by the presidents of
their national organizations and are selected by
the Bureau• Not more than 30 young scientists are to be
included• The faculty consists of experienced clinicians
and scientists, who present papers in themorning and act as mentors in the afternoon,
when projects by the participants are discussed• The seminar lasts five days, with two lectures in
the morning by mentors followed by discussions.
Then there are 3-4 groups in the afternoon,
consisting of not more than 6-8 participants,
where participant projects are discussed withmentors.

• At the end of each day all subgroups meet
together and a rapporteur from each group outlines the issues discussed for the plenary group.
• On the final day, there is an evaluation of themeeting followed by a fare-well party• The national organizations/home departments of participants are expected to fund travel
expenses, while funding for accommodation iscovered by the congress budget.
The first seminar took place in Heidelberg, Germany, in June 1998, sponsored by ESCAP. The
second to sixth seminars took place in two different locations in Italy and were sponsored by ESCAP, the Foundation Child (Italy) and IACAPAP.
The seventh seminar was scheduled to take placeagain in Italy in 2007 but was cancelled becauseof the upcoming congress of ESCAP in Florencein the same year. Disagreements within ESCAP
made further co-operation between IACAPAP
and ESCAP unworkable at the time and the IACAPAP Executive Committee decided to continue to support the seminars on its own, under
the name of “The Helmut Remschmidt Research
Seminars”. The purpose remains one of inspiring
young colleagues from our and from allied disciplines to engage in research – and to provide basic knowledge in key aspects of research designin child and adolescent psychiatry, skills in presenting research to colleagues and in discussing
research with others and to enable participants tocarry out their own research projects under the
specific conditions of their own department. The

following research seminars have taken place:
1. First European Research Seminar,
June 1998, Heidelberg, Germany
2. Second European Research Seminar,
September 2001, Camposampiero, Italy
3. Third European Research Seminar,
September 2002, Camposampiero, Italy
4. Fourth European Research Seminar,
March 2004, Camposampiero, Italy
5. Fifth European Research Seminar,
April 2005, Camposampiero, Italy
6. Sixth European Research Seminar,
May 2006, Bocca di Magra, La Spezia, Italy
7. Seventh European Research Seminarplanned for May 2007 had had to be cancelled
8. First South-American Research Seminar,
June 2007, Porto Allegre, Brazil
9. 1st IACAPAP Helmut Remschmidt Research
Seminar, December 2007, Istanbul, Turkey incooperation with the Turkish national association and the EMACAPAP
10. 2nd IACAPAP Helmut Remschmidt Research Seminar, February 2010, Beijing, China
11. 3rd IACAPAP Helmut Remschmidt Research
Seminar, January 2012, in Paris, France.
These seminars will go on, basically to build up
research capacity in the field of child and adolescent psychiatry in the region, where the next
world congress will be held. Participants are invited from neighbouring countries and faculty
brought in from around the world.

37

The Donald J Cohen Fellowship Programme• in Budapest 2009 at a European meeting,supported by ESCAP
To honour the memory of the late Donald • in Beijing 2010
Cohen, the former president of IACAPAP, Helmut Remschmidt initiated the Donald J Cohen Reports on the DCF Programmes, both by the
Fellowship Programme at the world congress in coordinators Andres Martin from the US andBerlin in 2004. This programme aimed to support Joaquin Fuentes from Spain and by fellows attenthe participation of highly promising young child ding, have been published in the Bulletin. After
psychiatrists from around the world at IACAPAP the 2006 congress in Melbourne a special Bulletincongresses. The programme is partly sponsored Supplement was edited with contributions fromby IACAPAP and enables selected fellows to dis- participants. In 2011 two assistant coordinatorscuss their projects and other topics in meetings to the DJCF have been appointed: Naoufel Gadled by mentors, mostly members of the Executive dour from Tunisia and Ayesha Mian from PakisCommittee of IACAPAP. The Programme has so tan/US, both child psychiatrists.
far involved:• Daily meetings in small groups with leading
experts• Dedicated poster presentations attended bysenior faculty members• Seminars for fellows and other interested attendees• Social activities• Free registration plus support for lodging andtravelling
Since 2004 these DCF Programmes have takenplace regularly during – mostly but not exclusively - IACAPAP world congresses where they havebeen a welcome event:• in Berlin 2004 together with a group of invited
Eastern European Fellows• in Melbourne 2006
• in Istanbul 2008
38

AWARDS

S

ince 2004 the Korean Academy of Childand Adolescent Psychiatry (KACAP) has
sponsored The International Contribution
Award to be conferred by IACAPAP at a world
congress in recognition of the accomplishment of
a senior individual in promoting child and adolescent psychiatry in the developing world. The
award consists of a plaque and 1.500 USD. Thisaward is not only for child and adolescent psychiatrists but also for allied professions. Five awards
have been funded by the KACAP, which reserves
itself the right to continue or cease the awards inthe future. So far the award has been given to:• 2004 Kang-E Michael Hong, South Korea• 2006 Brian Robertson, South Africa• 2008 Sir Michael Rutter, UK• 2010 Myron L. Belfer, USA• 2012 Amira Seif Eldin, Egypt
The IACAPAP Medal with the logo of our Association has been given to individuals who haveworked for or supported the Association in special ways and promoted child and adolescent psychiatry internationally. In the past, members of
the Executive Committee were given the medal
when leaving their positions. This tradition was
discontinued when Irving Philips in the early
1990s started to honour persons, irrespective of
their profession and position, for their achievement and engagement with the major aims of our
Association.

Knowledge of recipients of this award is available
only from 1998:• 1998 Luis E.Prego-Silva, Uruguay• 2004 Winston Rickards, Melbourne, Australia
Ahmed Okasha, Cairo, Egypt
Giovanni Bollea, Rome, Italy
Jack Davis, Madison, USA
Kari Schleimer, Malmö, Sweden• 2005 Kuo-Tai Tao, Nanjing, China• 2008 Dainius Puras, Vilnius, Lithuania• 2010 Barry Nurcombe, Brisbane, Australia
Colette Chiland, Paris, France
Helmut Remschmidt, Marburg, Germany
Kang-E Michael Hong, Sungnam-si, Korea
John B. Sikorski, San Francisco, USA• 2012 Ginger Anthony, Chevy Chase, USA
Elena Garralda, London, UK
Joseph M. Rey, Sydney, Australia

PA Rydelius, Dainius Puras with the IACAPAP medal, Kari
Schleimer & John Sikorski in Vilnius 2008.
39

The IACAPAP Plaque has over the years been RELATED LINKS
bestowed upon several officers of the Executive
Committee in recognition of their work for the IACAPAP collaborates with national andAssociation.
regional organizations and co-operates withpartner organizations that pursue similar goals
all over the world.
Regional organizations include:
ESCAP
European Society of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry (founded in 1954 as UEP, Union
Européenne des Pédopsychiatres, and named
from 1983 as ESCAP)
AACAP
American Association for Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry
EMACAPAP
East Mediterranean Association for Child andAdolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions(founded in 2000)
ASCAPAPAsian Society of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions (founded in 1996)
FLAPIA
Latin-American Federation of Infant, Adolescent and Family Psychiatry (founded in 1995)

40

AICAFMHA
Australian Infant, Child, Adolescent and Family
Mental Health Association (founded in 2000)
World wide organizations include:
WAIMH
World Association for Infant Mental Health(started as WAIPAD, World Association for Infant Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines in 1992)
ISAPP
International Society of Adolescent Psychiatry
and Psychology (started as ISAP, International
Society of Adolescent Psychiatry in 1984)
WHO
World Health Organization
WPA
World Psychiatric Association
WFMH
World Federation for Mental Health
IACAPAP’s relations with the WHO
IACAPAP has been recognized as a non-governmental organization (NGO) officially linked to
the WHO since 1961, and this has continued
to our days, except for a short break in the late
1990s. To keep this position we have to present areport on our activities to the WHO every second
year. As an NGO we are invited to regional WHO

office meetings and to the General Assemblies in
Geneva, Switzerland. Since its inception IACAPAP has sponsored meetings all over the world
and involved WHO staff in these activities. In
collaboration with international child psychiatricconsultants this has led to projects on quality oflife measures, the development of a life skills programme and the promulgation of a rights framework for child mental health. Close working
relationships with WHO regional offices have resulted in the foundation of EMACAPAP , training initiatives in Eastern Mediterranean countries
as well as in Eastern European countries, where
the discipline of child psychiatry after 1989 was
in great need of support and development alongside accepted, modern lines of assessment andtreatment. Initiatives also focused on training indeveloping countries.
During the period 2000 – 2005, for almost six
years, the WHO supported a full-time child psychiatrist to develop a Global Programme on Childand Adolescent Mental Health (2008), a joint
project of WHO, IACAPAP and WPA. Threetask forces were created: on Awareness, on Services and on Primary Prevention. This programme
had a worldwide dimension and was a good illustration of co-operation between IACAPAP, WPA
and WHO. Professor Myron Belfer from Boston,US, served as Senior Adviser for child and adolescent mental health at the WHO headquarters
in Geneva these years, and during that time withsupport from IACAPAP members, the WHO
41

had a more prominent role in child mental healthactivities than ever before. Among these activities it is worth mentioning the ATLAS project in2005, a mental health policy initiative to develop a worldwide resource database. Together, theWPA, IACAPAP and WHO have focused on prevention, treatment and awareness in a collaborative initiative, culminating in a WPA conferencein Cairo in 2005, devoted to child and adolescentmental health. “The synergy between the WHO
and IACAPAP has benefited the field of child andadolescent mental health. It has provided opportunities for education, program development andpolicy initiation that would not otherwise havebeen possible for either alone” (Belfer).

supported the production and distribution of thereport of the meeting.
At the WHO/EU ministerial conference in Helsinki, Finland in 2005, IACAPAP was represented
by Per-Anders Rydelius, secretary-general at that
time.
PERMANENT SECRETARIAT AND
THE ARCHIVESA

s reported in the minutes of Executive
Committee meetings, the issue of maintaining permanent Archives of the Association was discussed a number of times, but
proposals to that effect for stationing them in
IACAPAP has helped to found national and regio- Washington D.C., Geneva, Paris or other sites
nal organizations in child mental health that have were never materialised..
served as important contact points and collaborators for WHO programmes. Worth mentioning is Eventually in 2002 the Executive Committee dethe creation of the Eastern Mediterranean Asso- cided to keep a permanent secretariat linked withciation for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and the Archives, to be hosted at the Karolinska InAllied Professions representing nearly all Arab stitute (KI) in Stockholm, Sweden with Per-Ancountries and Israel. The creation of associations ders Rydelius, professor of child and adolescentin many former Eastern Block countries has simi- psychiatry at the KI and Kari Schleimer as perlarly been supported.
manent secretary and archivist. This was madepossible by the fact that the department of child
At a WHO-meeting in Geneva in early 2002 on and adolescent psychiatry at the KI already had“Caring for children and adolescents with men- a good number of records pertaining to the Astal disorders: setting WHO directions”, IACAPAP sociation.
was represented by Helmut Remschmidt andMyron Belfer, then president and treasurer of our
Association respectively. IACAPAP financially
42

CLOSING REMARKSW

hat, then, really does IACAPAP do? Tosummarize: through world congresses
we offer our members an opportunity to meet and learn from each other about new
trends in child and adolescent psychiatry. We publish books with contents in line with upcoming
congress themes, we produce a Bulletin with information about the Association and with participation of colleagues from all over the world.
Declarations which are virtually State of the Art
documents convey our standing on different issues. Study groups and seminars for younger colleagues encourage their active participation andlearning through discussions, lectures and research seminars. The Donald Cohen Fellowship
Programme allows young professionals to meetand share under the leadership of mentors. And– not least - all those who collaborate with IACAPAP activities stimulate each other, have fun andare pleased to meet whenever possible!

pulations affected by war, natural disaster anddisplacement
3. the child mental health professions must reassert their primary role as the provider of clinicalinformation which has now been eclipsed by thepharmaceutical and other business interests
4. child psychiatrists, in particular, but otherchild mental health professionals as well need todemonstrate more publicly the willingness to engage in frontline work in situations brought about
by disaster and conflict
5. all child mental health professions must continue to demonstrate the importance of proper
diagnosis and rational care.”

The history of IACAPAP reveals a continuing process of growth and development, that periodicallyhas been characterized by creative conflicts between protagonists of different ideologies on theinternational scene, much as in any internationalorganization. It is essential that the Association
continues to have a high international profile as
an umbrella organization and that it strives to
Our aims are to a large extent encapsulated in the constantly modernize and reform its own strucfollowing quotation by our former president My- tures and functions to meet future challenges.
ron Belfer in his presidential letter to the Association in 2006:
Clearly there would be much more to say about“Among the most important lessons I have lear- the history of our Association. This could include
ned in my presidency are:links to historical events and for instance referen1. the child mental health professions must find ce to the decades after “the fall of the Berlin wall”
ways to collaborate more effectively
in 1989, leading to IACAPAP`s becoming invol2. we need to embrace more of a public health ved in the situation in Eastern Europe. Efforts toperspective in order to address the needs of po- involve colleagues and countries in South-East
43

Asia, Africa and South America could also bementioned. The task could have been approachedquite differently. My main purpose, however, wasto save historical documents and describe thecourse of events. I have given the premises andnow leave it to the reader to draw conclusions.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSM

any colleagues have stimulated me towrite the history of our Association and
I am most thankful to their suggestions
and advice. However, there is one person who has
devoted hours of her precious time to work withthe manuscript from a linguistic point of view. I
am very grateful to Professor Elena Garralda of
the Imperial College of London, who has turned
my manuscript into, hopefully, quite a readable
story.

References

Appendix:

1. Rolf Castell et al.: Geschichte der Kinder- undJugendpsychiatrie in Deutschland in den Jahren
1937 bis 1961. Vandenhoech & Ruprecht, 2003.

• Table of EC officers elected at General Assemblies since 1937 (and appointed officers during theperiod 1994-2010)

2.Caplan et al.: Zur Geschichte der International
Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatryand Allied Professions, Zeitschrift Kinder- undJugendpsychiatrie, 13, 382-391, 1985.

• Table of world congresses• List of IACAPAP books

3. G. Caplan, R. Jensen & S. Lebovici,
L’Association Internationale de Psychiatrie del’Enfant et de l’Adolescent, et des Professions
Associées - son histoire, traduit de l’anglais par
C.Chiland et Y. Noizet, Neuropsychiatrie del’Enfance et de l’Adolescence, 1986, 34, 1, 53-59.
4.Gerald Caplan, MD, Reimer Jensen, fil.dr.h.c.
and Serge Lebovici, MD: History of The International Association for Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry and Allied Professions (IACAPAP) in
the Newsletter of IACAPAP, January 1994, 4-8.
Documents in the Archives of the IACAPAP,
kept at the Department of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry, the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden.

44

45

Electionsof officers
at General
Assembly

President
Secr Gen
Treasurer

Paris
1937

Zürich1945(Committee
meeting)

London1948

Toronto1954

Lisbon1958

Scheveningen

1962

Edinburgh
1966

Jerusalem
1970

Philadelphia
1974

Melbourne
1978Elections ofofficers
at General
Assemblies

II

III

IV

V

VI

VII

VIII

IX

President

Chiland

R. Jensen

Philips/Cohen

D. CohenRemschmidt

Belfer

Rydelius

Omigbodun

Secr Gen

JeammetSchleimer

Yamazaki

Goodyer

Rydelius

Rohde

Fung

Treasurer

Philips

Flekköy/Schleimer
Philips

Ayres/Belfer

BelferBelferSikorskiSikorskiHarperPast Pres

Hersov

Chiland

R.Jensen

R. Jensen

D.CohenRemschmidt

Belfer

Rydelius

Vice
Presidents

MadsenJegedeLansdown
LourieNeubauer
Remschmidt

Celia
D. CohenJeammetLansdown
Ogura
Remschmidt

Boucebci
Celia
D.Cohen
JeammetLadameYamazaki

FeldmanFerrari
Goodyer
Schleimer
Schmidtv Engeland

Caffo
Cherro-Aguerre
Ferrari
Rydelius
v. Engeland
Yamazaki

Caffo
P.CohenHong
Nurcombe
Seif el Din
Tyano

P.Cohen
Erol
Hong
Nurcombe
Seif el Din
Tyano

Dean
FayyadFuentes
Raynaud
Rohde
WarnkeAssistant
Secr.s -Gen.s

Celia
McCarthy
Ogura

Boucebci
LadameSternRicherSchmidt
Stajner-Popovic

Caffo
Cherro-Aguerre
HattabP.Jensen
Malhotra
Tyano

Erol
Moro
Rohde

Moro
Shirataki
Vermeiren

Lesinskiene
Ono
WilkesHonorary
Presidents

CaplanCaplanCaplanLebovici
SolnitCaplanLebovici
SolnitCaplanLebovici
SolnitAnthony
CaplanChiland

Anthony
CaplanChiland

Anthony
BelferChiland
Remschmidt

Adjunct
Secr.s(appointed)------------------------

LadameRydelius
Sikorski

Golse
Hong
Nurcombe
Seif el Din
Sikorski
WarnkeCooperFayyadRobertson
Shirataki
Vermeiren
WarnkeZheng

Dean
FayyadFuentes
MartinOmigbodun
Robertson
WarnkeZheng

Celia
Remschmidt

Celia,Feldman
JeammetSchleimer
Schmidt

Celia,Jensen
Schleimer
Schmidt
Yamazaki

Caffo
Remschmidt

I

SchröderTramerBrantmay

Rees
CaplanAllen
BarhashCaplanBowlbyStone
CaplanLebovici
Duché
CaplanAnthony
SolnitLourieSolnitNeubauer
Rickards

HersovLansdown
LouriePast Pres

----

----

Allen

Fontesvan Krevelen

BowlbyLebovici

Anthony

SolnitVice
HeuyerPresidents

HeuyerTramerFontesHeuyer
Ramer
Rees
TramerGardner
HeuyerTramerWaal
De Sanctis

BolleaGardner
Lutz
MillerWaal

AnnellAnthony
Duché
Lebovici
Rasmussen

AnnellAnthony
Koupernik
Spiel
Stone

CorbozHersov
IrvineR.Jensen
KrynskiChiland
Hersov
Lange
MakitaPrego-Silva

Chiland
MakitaNeubauer
Potamianou
Prego-Silva
Rickards

Assistant MichauxSecr.Gen.s

Michaux

Michaux

Honorary
PresidentInternational
Committee
for Child
Psychiatry

•
•

46

Aubry/Fontes van Krevelen
IrvineRasmussen
CaplanCaplan

IACP
Int’l Assoc.
for Child
Psychiatry

De Ruyter
Rasmussen
NassarDecroly
IrvineTramerTramer

Duhl
Koupernik
Pacheo e Silva Spiel
Tramer

IACP&AP
Int’l Assoc forChild
Psychiatry &Allied Prof

Planned 2. Congress in Dresden 1941 cancelled because of WW II
Planned 3.Congress in the USA 1952 never realized.

Fedor
R.JensenMarcusLange
MarcusRickards

Grant
Potamianou
Thebaud

JegedeMadsenRemschmidt

CaplanCaplanCaplan.

IACAPAP
Int’l Assoc
for Child andAdolescent
Psychiatry &Allied Prof.

Counsellors(appointed)•••

Dublin
1982
X

Paris
1986
XI

Kyoto
1990
XII

San Francisco
1994
XIII

Stockholm
1998
XIV

Berlin2004
XVI

Melbourne
2006
XVII

Beijing
2010
XIX

Durban2014
XXI--------

Cuhad.-Cetin
RutterZheng

The cancelled Congress in New Delhi 2002 was to be numbered the 15th.
The Berlin Congress in 2004 was arranged after an interval because of a cancelled congress in 2002
From 2006 it was decided to arrange congresses every second year but to keep the General Assemblies every fourth year.

47

IACAPAP book series
The Child in his Family Series (1970 – 1994)
Vol
1

Year
Title
1970 The child in his family
1970 L’enfant dans la famille

2

1973
1974

The impact of disease and deathL’enfant devant la maladie et la
mort

Wiley

3

1974
1980

Children at psychiatric risk
L’enfant
ethaute
psychiatrique

Wiley
PUF

4

1978
1980

Vulnerable children
L’enfant vulnerable

Wiley
PUF

5

1978

Children and their parents in achanging world
Parents et enfants dans un mondeen chamgement

Wiley

Preventive child psychiatry in anage of transitions
Prevention en psychiatrie del’enfant dans un temps de transition

Wiley

Children in turmoil: tomorrow’s
parents
Enfants dans la tourmente: Parents
de demain

Wiley

Perilous development: child raisingand identity formation under stress
Le developpement en peril

Wiley

New approaches to infant, child,adolescent and family mental healthNouvelle approches de la santementale de la naissance al’adolescence pour l’enfant et sa
familleYale
University
Press
PUF

Why children reject school: view
from seven countries
Le refus de l’ecole: Un apercu
transculturel

Yale
University
Press
PUF

1984
6

1982
1985

7

1982
1985

8

1986
1992

9

1992
1990

10

1990
1990

48

11
Publisher
Wiley
MassonrisqueEditors
E.J. Anthony&
C. Koupernik

E.J. Anthony,
C. Chiland &C. Koupernik

1994
1998

Children and Violence
Les enfants et la violence

Jason Aroson
Inc
PUF

The Leadership Series (1998 – 2004)
Vol
12

Year
Title
Publisher1998 Designing mental health services Brunner/Mezel
and systems for children andadolescents: A shrewd investment

Editors
J.G. Young &P. Ferrari

13

2002

Brain, culture and development

MacMillan

J.G. Young, P.
Ferrari, S.
Malhotra,S.Tyano & E.
Caffo

14

2004

Facilitating
pathways:Care,treatment and prevention in childand adolescent mental health

SpringerH.
Remschmidt,
M. Belfer & I.
Goodyer

PUF

PUF

E.J. Anthony& C. Chiland

The Working with Children & Adolescents Series (2006 –PUF

Vol Year
Title
15 2006 Working
withchildrenandadolescents: An evidenced-based
approach to risk & resilience

PUF

C. Chiland &J.G. Young)

Publisher
Jason Aronson

Editors
ME Garralda &M. Flament

16

2008

Culture and conflict and child and Jason Aronson
adolescent mental health

ME Garralda &JP Raynaud

17

2010

Increasing awareness of child andadolescent mental health

Jason Aronson

ME Garralda &JP Raynaud

18

2012

Brain, mind, and developmental
psychopathology in childhood

Jason Aronson

ME Garralda &JP Raynaud
49

WORLD CONGRESSES OF IACAPAP
Nr.

Year

Venue

Congress President

Theme

I

1937

Paris

Georges Heuyer

Conditioned reflexes –Pedagogics and Child
Psychiatry – Juvenile Criminality(Foundation of THE INTERNATIONAL
COMMITTEE OF CHILD PSYCHIATRY)

II

50

*
1948

LondonJ.R. Rees

XV

2002

New Delhi***

Cancelled as World Congress!

XVI

2004

BerlinHelmut Remschmidt

Facilitating Pathways – Care, Treatment andPrevention in Child and Adolescent Mental
HealthPersonality Development and its Individual
and Social Aspects with Special Reference
to Aggression.
(Foundation of IACP)

XVII

2006

Melbourne

Myron L Belfer

Nurturing Diversity

XVIII 2008

Istanbul

Per-Anders Rydelius

Carrying Hope Between East and West for 3
C’s: Children, Cultures and Commitments

III

1954

TorontoFrederick H. Allen

Emotional Problems of Early Childhood

XIX

2010

Beijing

Per-Anders Rydelius

IV

1958

LisbonVictor Fontes

The Emotional Life of the Child
6-12 years(Foundation of IACP&AP)

Improving Child Mental Health: Increasing
Awareness and New Pathways for Care

XX

2012

Paris

Olayinka Omigbodun

Brain, Mind and Development

V

1962

Scheweningen

Arn van Krevelen

Primary Prevention of Mental Disorders inChildren

XXI

2014

DurbanXXII

2016

Calgary

VI

1966

EdinburghJohn Bowlby

Puberty and Adolescence

VII

1970

Jerusalem

Serge Lebovici

The Child and His Family

VIII

1974

Philadelphia

E.James AnthonyChildren at Risk

IX

1978

Melbourne

Albert J.SolnitChildren and Parents in a Changing World(Foundation of IACAPAP)

X

1982

DublinLionel Hersov

Children in Turmoil-Tomorrow’s Parents

XI

1986

Paris

Colette Chiland

New Approaches to Infant, Child,
Adolescent and Family Mental Health

XII

1990

Kyoto

Reimer Jensen

Child Rearing, Education andPsychopathology

XIII

1994

San Fransisco

Donald J.Cohen **Violence and the Vulnerable Child

XIV

1998

Stockholm

Donald J.Cohen

Trauma and Recovery*

A planned second international congress 1941 in Leipzig, Germany, under the leadershipof Paul Schröder did not take place because of WW II.

** It should have been Irving Philips – however, Donald Cohen had to act as president
because of the unfortunate death of Irving Philips in 1992*** The 15th World Congress was scheduled for New Delhi/India but could not take place as
an IACAPAP event due to external reasons. Therefore the congress was carried out as aregional meeting with international attendance under the leadership of our colleagues inIndia. It was agreed to put into writing in the IACAPAP annals, that the 15th Congress
could not be held as planned under the aegis of IACAPAP and that the Berlin Congress
will be counted as the 16th World Congress of our Association.

51