令和４年１０月１５日（土）実施

受験番号

氏名

英語問題・解答用紙
問題１第１頁（全４頁）

次の文章に関する下記の問 1-1 から問 1-4 に答えなさい。

Small blue lights in Toyama Bay are much loved by the local people. They are asign of spring.

Where do the lights come from?

HOTARUIKA in Japanese.

(a)How

They come from firefly squid,

do the squid give off light?

They have specialorgans in their bodies. The organs flash light in various patterns.
Do other creatures glow like these squid? Yes.

(b)Fireflies, anglerfish, and crystal

jellyfish also produce light. Firefly squid flash light when they distract predators.
Fireflies fly near rivers on early summer nights in the Japanese countryside. They
have appeared in Japanese poems and songs for centuries. They turn their lights on
and off when they look for mates. Anglerfish live in the deep dark sea. They flash
light when they look for food. The light attracts small fish. In these ways, light isused for different purposes.
Light from creatures is useful in the study of medicine.

(c)Doctors spot cancer cells

at an early stage with great difficulty. However, early detection is very important forsuccessful cancer treatment. Scientists found a luminous protein in crystal jellyfish.
(d)They have been using it in the development of methods for cancer detection since then.

When the protein is put into human cells, cancer cells glow. They are spotted with a
special camera. The study of light from creatures will certainly improve and brighten
our lives.
問 1-1 下線部(a)を和訳しなさい。
ホタルイカは如何にして発光するか？

彼らは体内に特別な（発光）器官を持っているのである。
問 1-2 下線部(b)の三種類の生物はそれぞれどのような時に（あるいはどのような目的で）発光するか、日本語で説明しなさい。
１．ホタルイカは、捕食者を混乱させようとして発光する。
２．ホタルは、つがい（交尾の相手）を求める時に発光する。
３．チョウチンアンコウは、食物（小魚）を引き寄せるために発光する。

英語問題・解答用紙

第２頁（全４頁）

問 1-3 下線部(c)の文が意味することを、日本語で説明しなさい。
医師たちが初期段階のがん細胞を見出すためには大きな困難を伴っている。

問 1-4 下線部(d)を、”They”および“it”の意味を明確に記述しながら、全文和訳しなさい。
科学者たちは発光タンパク質を、がん細胞を検知する方法の開発のために用いている。

問題 2

次の文章に関する下記の問 2-1 から問 2-8 に答えなさい。

Part 1
Just before the Shinkansen train arrives at Tokyo Station, a group of staff stand
beautifully in line on a platform. They wear uniforms and have cleaning tools in theirbags. They bow deeply to the passengers.

(e)() the last passenger gets off

the train, they go into each car and begin cleaning. Their speedy and skillful work
surprises people. It looks like a show.
(f)Thetrain stays at the platform for 12 minutes. Excluding the time it takes

passengers to get on/off the train, only seven minutes remain. During this short time,
the staff do the cleaning.

(g)() their mission, they stand in line on theplatform and bow deeply again.
Part 2(h)“Never have I seen such an amazing performance!”

Everyone who sees theirperformance speaks highly of it. Who on earth are they? They are called Tessei, thecleaning staff of Shinkansen trains at Tokyo Station. They clean about 20 trains a dayin a team of 22. Their speedy and skillful work catches the eyes of foreigners as well asJapanese.

A world-famous television channel called their performance "Tokyo'sseven-minute miracle."（第３頁に続く）

英語問題・解答用紙

第３頁（全４頁）

One (i)striking feature of the Tessei's performance is its speed due to their uniquecleaning procedures. Japanese railways have a good reputation around the world forbeing punctual. Even a 15-second delay of one Shinkansen train can influence othertrains' arrival and departure times. The Tessei's speedy work contributes greatly tothe reputation of Japanese railways. Another feature of the Tessei is their skillful
performance. Cleaning usually seems boring, but the Tessei's amazing performance isexciting. People call it the “Shinkansen Theater,” as it is performed in the cars and on
the platforms.
Part 3(j)What are the factors behind the Tessei's success in Japan?

One of the factors

may be related to the unique culture of cleaning in Japan. Many Japanese people
think it natural that they keep the places around them clean. They believe such ahabit of cleaning is a virtue. In the trains as well, Japanese passengers tend to keep
the areas around their seats clean. It is likely that this Japanese culture of cleaning
helps the Tessei do their job quickly. Another factor in the Tessei's success lies in thestaff's pride in their career. At first, Tessei members saw their cleaning simply as a job.
However, believing that it can offer passengers a comfortable trip, they now do theirwork with a sense of pride and responsibility.

(k)This new attitude has changed theway they see their work and has improved their performance.
The staff's pride in their work as well as the Japanese culture helps produce theTessei's miracle performance.

(l)When you start working in the future, what kind of

miracles will you perform?
問 2-1 下線部(e)の括弧に入る言葉として最も適切なものはどれか、次の 4 つの中から選び丸で囲みなさい。
１．As early as②．As soon as

３．As late as

４．As well as

問 2-2 下線部(f)を和訳しなさい。
列車は 12 分間プラットフォームに停車する。乗客の下車乗車に要する時間を除き、たった7 分間だけが残されている。

英語問題・解答用紙

第４頁（全４頁）

問 2-3 下線部(g)の括弧に入る言葉として最も適切なものはどれか、次の 4 つの中から選び、丸で囲みなさい。
１．Continuing

２．Starting③．Completing

４．Watching

問 2-4 下線部(h)を和訳しなさい。
「私はこれまでにそのような素晴らしいパフォーマンス（仕事）を見たことはない！」
彼らの仕事を見る誰もが、それを称賛する。
問 2-5 下線部(i) striking feature of the Tessei's performance として本文で述べられている二つの点を日本語で記しなさい。
１．速さ
２．巧みさ
問 2-6 下線部(j)What are the factors behind the Tessei's success in Japan?の答えとして本文で述べられている二つの要素を日本語で記しなさい。
１．日本人の清掃における独自の文化（道徳）２．清掃スタッフの仕事に対するプライド
問 2-7 下線部(k)を、This new attitude の意味を明確に記述しながら、全文和訳しなさい。
プライドと責任感を持って仕事をするという新しい姿勢は、彼らの仕事に対する見方を変え、そしてパフォーマンスを改善した。
問 2-8 下線部(l)When you start working in the future, what kind of miracles will you
perform? という問いに対する、あなた自身についての答えを英語で記述しなさい。

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