Photon Factory Activity Report 2016 #34 (2017)

BL-28A/2015S2-003,2016G096

Search for electronic nematicity in the cuprate superconductor Bi2212 using ARPES
Suguru Nakata1, *, Masafumi Horio1, Keisuke Koshiishi1, Kenata Hagiwara1, Chun Lin1,
Kanta Ono2, Hiroshi Kumigashira2, Dongjoon Song3, Yoshiyuki Yoshida3, Hiroshi Eisaki3
and Atsushi Fujimori1
1
Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan2
Photon Factory, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, 305-0801, Japan
3
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8568
1IntroductionElectronic nematicity arises from a phase transition
which does not break the translational symmetry but
breaks the fourfold rotational symmetry of the electronicsystem. This concept has originally been used in the fieldof liquid crystals. Recently, it has been observed inseveral correlated systems including the ruthenate
Sr3Ru2O7 [1], the heavy fermion compound URu2Si2 [2],the semiconductor heterostructures GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs [3]and the topological superconductor CuxBi2Se3 [4]. In
cuprate superconductors, too, nematicity has been
discussed as a key candidate to understand the pseudogap
state, which is one of the most significant andcontroversial issues in condensed-matter physics [5-7].
From the experimental perspective, evidence forelectronic nematicity appeared in YBa2Cu3O6+x fromtransport [8], Nernst coefficient [9,10], neutron scattering[11], and magnetic susceptibility [12] measurements, andin Bi2SrCaCu2O8+δ from resistivity measurement [13].
Electronic nematicity has been discussed also inFe-based superconductors [14] and studied byangle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES)[15-17], which is the most direct way to reveal theelectronic structure. However, at present, there has been
no report that reveals the electronic nematicity in cuprates
by ARPES. We performed ARPES measurements inorder to study the possible electronic nematicity incuprates. Furthermore, by using ARPES one caninvestigate whether the electronic nematicity is specific to
the pseudogap state or persists also in thesuperconducting state since.

possible anisotropy of the Fermi surface, we have fitted
the measured Fermi surface using a tight-binding functionwith anisotropy between the kx- and ky-axes : ε(kx,ky) =-2t[(1+δ)coskx+(1-δ)cosky]–4t’coskxcosky-2t’’(cos2kx+cos2ky) + E0, where δ represents theanisotropy. Obtained δ is - 0.4 ％ at 100 K and – 0.8 %at 10 K.
So far, we have not been able to identify definitive
evidence for the electronic nematicity in the pseudogap
state due to the limited experimental accuracy. However,
one can see a signature of the anisotropy in thesuperconducting state. When we obtain more preciseexperimental data, we may be able to discuss therelationship between electronic nematicity andsuperconductivity because some theoretical calculation
showed that electronic nematicity and superconductivity
could coexist [18-20]. Further measurements withimproved resolution and statistics are necessary in thefuture.

2

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Experiment
Optimally-doped Bi1.7Pb0.5Sr0.9CaCu2O8+δ (Pb-Bi2212)
single crystal samples were grown by the floating-zone
method. The Tc was 91 K. ARPES measurements werecarried out at beamline 28A of Photon Factory. We used
linearly polarized light with hν = 55 eV. The total energy
resolution was set at 10 meV. The samples were cleaved
in-situ under the pressure of ~ 1.6 × 10-8 Pa and measured
at T = 10 K and 100 K. Additionally, mechanical strain
was applied in the direction of the Cu-O bond of CuO2
plane in order to obtain signals of electronic nematicity.
3Results and Discussion
Figure 1 shows Fermi surface plots determined frommomentum distribution curves at the Fermi levelmeasured at 100 K and 10 K. In order to detect theFig.1：Fermi surface plots (red points) and fitting curves(blue line) at (a) 100 K, (b) 10 K.

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95:075109 (2017)* nakata@wyvern.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp