University of Tokyo
Graduate School of Public Policy
International Political Economy

Political and Economic Impact of Somalia Piracy
During the Period (1991-2012)

Elwaleed Ahmed Talha
51-128208
MPP/IP Student

History of Maritime Piracyl• History of Piracy is Returned
to 2000 years ago.
• Greeks and Romans weredominating Maritime pricy inEurope.
• During 1620-1720, piracy wasflourished and was known as
golden age of piracy.
• The main reason is economicgain.

• History of Somali Piracy
In 1990, Democratic republic ofSomali collapsed during outbreakof the civil war.

Unprotected
coast line

Illegal fishingfrom otherCountries

Result to that, Somali fishermen
appealed for international help
to deal with the illegal fishingand dumping, but no action wastaken.

the local fishermen took up
arms to attack the commercial
ships in the region, in an
attempt to stop the stealing offish and the dumping of toxic
waste.

Dependent and Independent variables
Variable Name

Type of the Variable

The Relationship

Poor social situations

Economic

Positive

Democratic System

Political

Negative

Good Governance

Political

Negative

Police Sector

Economic

Negative

Fishermen Sector

EconomicNegative

Pirates Sector

Economic

Positive

Natural DisasterNaturalNegative

Research Questions• Why in certain areas
there are piracy
activities?

Research Hypothesis• A country with higher
political freedoms tend tohave less number of pirates.

• countries with poor social
situations, tend to have
• Whey the Pirate attack
piracy activities.
success rate is decreasingover time?

700

Total Number of Attacks

600

500

400300200

10001991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Piracy Attacks 107
Attack success 95

106

10390

188

228247202300

469

335

383

452

330

266

241

282

300

406

489

544

597

95

90

77

165

196

207

172

249

361

251

303

262

175

133

116

127

132

106

122

87

72

Source: International Maritime Organization, Reports on Acts of Piracy and Armed Robbery
Against Ships: Annual Report, available at http://www.imo.org accessed August 2012.

Somalia Piracy 2006-2012
700

600

Number of Attacks

500

400

300

200

100

0TotalSomalia

2006
239
18

2007
263
48

2008
293
111

2009
410
215

2010
445
219

2011
439
236

2012
297
75

Source: International Maritime Organization, Reports on Acts of Piracy and Armed Robbery
Against Ships: Annual Report, available at http://www.imo.org accessed August 2012

Fishermen
SectorPoliceSector

Pirate sSector

Three-sector model
PoliceFishermen

Pirates

AttractiveSector

sector

SectornessHigher

Lower

Lower

Police Sector

Lower

HigherLower

Fisherman
Sector

Lower

Lower

Higher

Piracy Sector

HigherHigherHigherPolice Sector

Lower

Lower

Lower

Policy Sector

Police Sector and Fishermen sector

Police Supply

PoliceDemandInternational Community efforts• The United States, Russia and India, among other nations, have fieldedwarships and Navy special forces teams to deal directly with pirates andpirate ships.
• Various government entities in Somalia have also worked to stop piracy byattacking their bases on land.

• African Union , the European Union, and the United States support Somali
government to get rid of Piracy.
• In January 2010, the European Union has set up the European Training
Mission Somalia (EUTM), to contribute to the training of Somali securityforces. The mission takes place in Uganda and is characterized by close
cooperation with the African Union and Somali Government.

Conclusion• According to statistical figures, all piracy incidence in 1991
occurred in one region, which is Southeast Asia.
• The war between Kuwait and Iraq had an enormous impact
on shrinking the number of piracy incidence during 19911994.
• Also, Natural Disasters considered one of the reasons that
could reduce piracy activities in the world. One well known
example is Tsunami in Southeast Asia.
• Pirates Sector is a catchy sector among the three sector,
because of the high level of attractiveness it offers.

Recommendation• The international community must work to improve the legislative and judicial
capacity of the Somalia’s territories of Somalia, so that pirates can be prosecuted andincarcerated in their districts of origin. Policymakers in Somalia should also resist
the temptation to pirates on the relatively functional.
• The government of Somalia should make fishermen sector much more attractive
compare to the piracy sector just to grantee that it would be (fishermen Sector) thebest place for the people to head, thus, reduce piracy activity in Somali region• The government of Somalia should make fishermen sector much more attractive
compare to the piracy sector just to grantee that it would be (fishermen Sector) thebest place for the people to head, thus, reduce piracy activity in Somali region.
• Bilateral society is to establish a public fishery to end piracy, which would be thebest means in the world to prevent Piracy, and employ a number of poor people.