Strategies of regional harmonization oftreatment performance testing methods for
DEWATS technology
Rieko Kubota
Center for Material Cycle and Waste Management Research
National Institute for Environmental Studies
11

Contents- Background- Pilot cases from Indonesianstandardization initiative- ASEAN policy dialogue and capacity
building project- Regional harmonization strategies- ISO technical committees and standards- ASEAN framework on standardization(ACCSQ)- Way forward
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Opportunity

Threat4.5B
people globally lack access tosafely managed sanitation

2.3B

Reinvented Toilet - a potential $6B+ global annual revenue
opportunity

$1.0B
$0.8B

$2.0B

$1.1B
$0.4B

$0.3B

$0.5B

people globally still lackaccess to even basic
sanitation services
2030 projections

Source: BCG analysis
3

Credit: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

3

Sanitation & Wastewater- a big global topic that can be solved by standards

Reinvented Toilet Expo & International
launch of ISO 30500, Beijing, 6 Nov 2018

4

“International Standards are key to the progression of new sanitation technology
and developing an industry that saves lives.”- Sergio Mujica, ISO Secretary-General

4Key Issues-Insufficient centralized sewage system, lack of knowledge on DEWATS-Gap in products, services, legislation, standards, testing/certification
facilities-Lack of understanding between Ministries, National Standard Bodies(NSBs) and related stakeholders

Key Outcomes-Further validate the importance of standards & NSBs
 Acquire DEWATS knowledge through existing standards
 Use of standard platform to collaborate and develop solutions
 Harmonized requirements to facilitate cross border trade

5-Thailand is in process for new TIS-Indonesia is in process for a new SNI-Malaysia has its own standard under SPAN

5

Objectives of standardization-Safety-Functionality-Usability-Reliability-Maintainability of the system-Its compatibility withenvironmental protection
goals.
Quote: ISO/IWA 24 (2016)66

What is DEWATS technology?
-”DEWATS” stands for

Decentralized WAste Water Treatment System
・DEWATS applications are based on the principle of low-maintenancesince most important parts of the system work without technical energy
inputs and cannot be switched off intentionally.
Advantages of DEWATS
・Efficient treatment for daily wastewater flows
up to 1000 cubic meter・Tolerant towards inflow fluctuations
・Modular design of all components
・Materials used for construction are locally available
・Needs no expensive and sophisticated maintenance7
Photo: UN-HABITAT

7

Performance testing method

Temperature controlled
examination lab.

1. Short-term test with temperature control
 16 weeks (or 8 weeks in parallel) 13 and 20ºC
Summer and with influent control winter
2. Outside long-term test 48 weeks
 with influent control
3. On-site household test 48 weeks
 without influent control
 at least 3 sites

The performance test is done by the third party8Schedule of the performance test
1. Short-term test with temperature control
Influent

Low temp.

13 ºCweek
KQ
Wastewater volume
Q
0.5Q
Duration0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Normal

20 ºCweek
KQ
Wastewater volume
Q
0.5Q
DurationHigh load

Sedimentationtank

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1stanaerobictank

2. Outside long-term test
NormalEffluent

High load

NormalHigh load

Low temp.

2nd
anaerobic
tank

Aerobictank

NormalNo temp. control
Duration

Wastewater
volumeweek

0 2 4 6 8 9 10 11 12 14 16 18 20 21 22 23 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48

KQ
Q
0.5Q

9

Stand-alone project approach to rule-making approach
Existing approach of ODA projects

Rule-making approach
Collaborative governance of multi-stakeholders
at standardization stage is essential

Installation ofJohkasou as pilot
project
procurement

Evaluation of Johkasou’seffectiveness by pilot project
and wait for the decisionmaking of counterpart country- Project doesn’t lead to rule andpolicy making
Ansell et al. (2007) Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory- Project will not be integrated toHypothesis：Various stakeholders participation in policy/
national project10

institutional design on decentralized domestic wastewater
management leads to feasible rule/policy making

10Standardization initiatives in Indonesia
2015-present1111

Background of ITB/NIES
stakeholder’s meeting on DEWATS
testing method
 Simple maintenance Cheaper in installation andmaintenance compared tosewage system
 Disaster-resistantJapan has been supporting Indonesia in theadoption of integrated decentralized domestic
wastewater management systems by; Raising awareness Drafting a testing method
 Considering strategies
Stakeholder meetings
2019/2/20

1212

Standardization attempts of DEWATS treatment performance
testing method in Indonesia and way forward
Standardization process

Testing
methods
in Asiancountries

Suishin-hi research grant ： Study on regional harmonization process Capacity-building of researchers andengineers in Indonesia for
testing/sampling
IndonesianIndonesia

testing
methodCambodia
VietnamThailand
Malaysia
Propose testing standard
in ASEAN countries

Stakeholder’s meeting Raising awareness Drafting a testing method
 Considering strategies
13

Characteristics ofbiologicalwastewater
treatment in eachcountry

Transition fromstate to region

Regional
Standardization－Stakeholder’smeeting was held for
6 times alreadyObjectives：
１）Awareness-raising of
DEWATS technology
２）Draft-making oftreatment performance
testing method
３）Strategy-making ofstandardization andmanagement

13

Standardization attempts of DEWATS treatment performance
testing method in Indonesia and way forward
Standardization process

Testing
methods
in Asiancountries

Suishin-hi research grant ： Study on regional harmonization process Capacity-building of researchers andengineers in Indonesia for
testing/sampling
IndonesianIndonesia

testingmethod

Regional
Standardization

Cambodia
VietnamThailandMalaysia
Propose testing standard
in ASEAN countries

Stakeholder’s meeting Raising awareness Drafting a testing method
 Considering strategies
14

Characteristics ofbiologicalwastewater
treatment in eachcountry

PoDIWM project haslaunched to continue
discussion on thestandardization of
DEWATS technology atregional level

Transition fromstate to region

14

ASEAN-JAIF project on“Policy-Making and Networking ofMulti-Stakeholders in Integrated
Decentralized Domestic
Wastewater Management inAMSs”

1515

Project Objectives1)Evidence-based Policy andinstitutional design
development platform
for multi-stakeholders onintegrated domestic
wastewater management
2)Technology showcase ofdecentralized domestic
wastewater treatment

Achieving SDGs goal 6:
6.3.1 Halving the proportion of
untreated wastewater
discharged into our waterbodies
Achieving ASEAN Blueprint 2025
For Socio-cultural community
C.1 Conservation and Sustainable
Management of Biodiversity
and Natural Resources

16

Creation of synergy byparticipating in country task force
Experts technical support will be provided• Objective:
PoDIWM project
Bridges the communication
among the related
stakeholders in one country:
to discuss and make a“prioritized” policy to promotedecentralized domestic
wastewater management
17

Publicworks
Ministry

Environment
alMinistry

Planning
Ministry

Together
Making policy
recommendation
Ministry
issuingbuilding
permitAcademia

Municipality/Privatesector

17

Project title: Policy Dialogue and Network Building of Multistakeholders on Integrated Decentralized Domestic
Wastewater Management in ASEAN countries (PoDIWM)
Project
objective1)Evidence-based Policy and institutional design development platform for multi-stakeholders on
integrated domestic wastewater management
2)Technology showcase of decentralized domestic wastewater treatment

Technology side

2nd year

Policy and legislation side
ASEAN regional
policy declaration

ASEAN regional
policy declaration

ASEAN 2nd policy dialogue and policy
draft formulation in each AMSs

ASEAN 2nd policy dialogue and policy
draft formulation in each AMSs

Drafting of policy recommendation
Draftingof list of appropriate technologies
Key issue isby
the standardization oftreatment
by experts and national TF
experts and nationalTF
performance
testing methods in ASEAN
countries
Capacity development training in Japan
Capacity development training in Japanfor tech/testing methods

1st year

ASEAN 1st policy dialogue for sharing
knowledge and experience of each AMSs
Fact-finding and Assessment of policy, legislation,standards and initiatives in each AMSs
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ASEAN 1st policy
dialogueRound-robin test forstandardization

Fact-finding survey and assessment of existing
wastewater treatment technologies and its management
system in each AMSs

18

Benchmarking with other AMSs
on challenges and issues on
domestic wastewater management
Menu for AMSs to utilize for policymaking/project proposal
shared challenges in AMSs
Collection of wastewater treatment fee
Lack of legislation on domestic wastewater
management
Lack of capacity of municipalities

possible solutions to the challenges
Combination of water supply and wastewater
treatment bill
Example of legislation and its legislation
experience
Trainer’s training and peer-to-peer training
from national to local level

Operation and maintenance of decentralized
systemPublic-private partnership

Sludge treatment

Regulating Sludge treatment and licensing
system for operators

1919

Regional standard harmonizationand strategies and processes-Research findings from our current research project2020

1. Status quo of standardization of DEWATS in AMSs
-No Regional standardization scheme at ASEAN regional levelConstant function to discuss on regional harmonization of DEWATS
technology in ASEAN countries-Low participation of ASEAN experts and standardization bodies to ISO
technical committees-Various capacities of national standardization bodies in each AMSs
-Little awareness on importance of standardization in AMSs
-Industry is not interested in standardization (because not many follows)2121

1. Strategies for regional standardization of DEWATS
in AMSs-Publish guideline or recommendation compiled by industry or academic
association – through IWA or other framework?
-Establish ASEAN guideline-Certification on eco-labelling or green building certification system – will there
be any regional green building certification system?
-Set up function to discuss on regional harmonization of DEWATS technology in
ASEAN countries will be good platform-Publish ISO or ISO technical report (Input the regional context in ISO
standard/Initiate the Proposal and development of new standard)2222

2. Process of regional standardization of decentralized domestic wastewater treatment
technology
Discussion on regional
input to ISO in ACCSQ

ISO standard or
technical report

ASEAN guideline
Legalize the evaluation
mechanism on thedecentralized wastewater
treatment system.

Certificationin Green
Building or
eco-labeling

Guideline orrecommendationcompiled by academic
or industrial
association

Develop the performancetreatment testing method on
decentralized wastewater
treatment system for
Industrial/academic
ASEAN countries by experts.

Regional/nationalInternational

23

Kojima et al. (2017)を筆者が整理

23

2. Process of regional standardization of decentralized domestic wastewater treatment
technology
ISO standard or
technical report

Discussion on regional
input to ISO in ACCSQ
ASEAN guideline
Legalize the evaluation
mechanism on thedecentralized wastewater
treatment system.

Certificationin Green
Building oreco-labeling

Guideline orrecommendationcompiled by academic
or industrial
association

Develop the performancetreatment testing method on
decentralized wastewater
treatment system for
Industrial/academic
ASEAN countries by experts.

Regional/nationalInternational

24

Kojima et al. (2017)を筆者が整理

24

Role of ACCSQ

WG on
sanitati
on?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
25

Exchange of information on standards, rules, regulations, procedures and mandatory
requirements in related sector of Member Countries;
Review and analyze the comparative study of regulatory regimes in related sectors among
Member Countries;
Identify areas for possible harmonization and MRAs, with the focus on harmonization ofASEAN on safety and emission standards based on international regulations;
Develop sectoral MRAs
Identify the technical infrastructure needs and build-up mutual confidence in conformity
assessment.

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Our request to set up “sanitation” WG wasconveyed by ISO/METI to ACCSQ We hope ACCSQ will support the harmonization of testing methods ofthe decentralized wastewater management system.
 We suggest ACCSQ to set up a Working Group/Task Force on“Sanitation” to accelerate the improvement of health and environment
issues in ASEAN.
Decision on setup a working group/task force on “sanitation” at
ACCSQ will be made by AMSs at the next annual meeting ofWG1 of ACCSQ in this spring/summer
2626

ISO’s works and AMS participations• TC 224: Service activities relating to drinking water supply wastewater and stormwater
systems• P-members: Indonesia, Singapore• O-members: Malaysia, Viet Nam• TC 275: Sludge recovery, recycling, treatment and disposal• P-member: Malaysia only
• TC 282: Water Reuse• P-member: Viet Nam only
• O-members: Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore• PC 305: Sustainable non-sewered sanitation systems (to be disbanded)• P-members: Thailand only
• O-members: Indonesia, Singapore• PC 318: Community scale resource oriented sanitation treatment systems• P-members: Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand• O-members: Indonesia, Viet Nam2727

Existing DEWATS relatedInternational standards
ISO24521: Activities relating to drinking water
and wastewater services- Guidelines for themanagement of basic on-site domestic
wastewater services (TC224)
ISO/IWA 24(2016) – Non-sewered sanitationsystems – General safety and performancerequirements for design and testing
EN 12566 – Small wastewater treatment
systems for up to 50 PT – in 5 Parts.
2/2828

Coverage of each standard/TC
PC 305: On-site sanitation
technology (to be disbanded)
Userinterface

Containment

PC 318: Community scale resource
oriented sanitation treatment
systems
Collection andTransport

ISO/IWA 24(2016) Nonsewered sanitation systems
29

ISO24521:Guidelines for basic
on-site sanitation services

Treatment

Use or Disposal

Credits: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Note: PC is Project Committee, disbanded after standard developed29

The Way forward• Raise awareness on the growing importance of standards in global Sanitation
and DEWATS scene• Initiate the discussion to identify commonality/differences in existingstandards• Collaborate with WEPA to reinforce the information platform on DEWATS
technology and its related institutional arrangements• Link to the existing ISO standards and TCs to bring in regional context• Tap on the resources of ASEAN to continue this discussion under ACCSQ
framework• Japan’s existing support to ASEAN (PoDIWM and ACCSQ) and opportunity
to further collaborate
3030

Standards become more effective withregulations
Standard would not be effective enough by itself, it should be quoted ormentioned in legislation, policy and guideline to be legally-binding and effective.

Good institutional arrangements
for improved DEWATS management
Standards

Regulations/policies

3131

Is there a global market? ----said I.
“No, thereʼs no such thing as globalmarket.
What we have is only group of local andregional market thatʼs called globalmarket.
We have to take in all the considerationof local and regional context,
characteristics and lifestyles when weare making products for each market.”
Mr. Chuzo Matsui, Ex-president of a company
own “MUJI” brand32

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Thank you so much
Rieko Kubota
Email: Kubota.rieko@nies.go.jp

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