Password Recovery
Toolkit and Distributed
Network Attack

USER GUIDE| 1

AccessData Legal and Contact Information

Document date: September 19, 2016

Legal Information©2016 AccessData Group, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, photocopied,stored on a retrieval system, or transmitted without the express written consent of the publisher.
AccessData Group, Inc. makes no representations or warranties with respect to the contents or use of thisdocumentation, and specifically disclaims any express or implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any
particular purpose. Further, AccessData Group, Inc. reserves the right to revise this publication and to makechanges to its content, at any time, without obligation to notify any person or entity of such revisions or changes.
Further, AccessData Group, Inc. makes no representations or warranties with respect to any software, andspecifically disclaims any express or implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose.
Further, AccessData Group, Inc. reserves the right to make changes to any and all parts of AccessData
software, at any time, without any obligation to notify any person or entity of such changes.
You may not export or re-export this product in violation of any applicable laws or regulations including, without
limitation, U.S. export regulations or the laws of the country in which you reside.

AccessData Group, Inc.
588 West 400 South Suite 350
Lindon, UT 84042
USA

AccessData Trademarks and Copyright Information
The following are either registered trademarks or trademarks of AccessData Group, Inc. All other trademarks are
the property of their respective owners.
AccessData®

DNA®

PRTK®

AccessData Certified Examiner® (ACE®)

Forensic Toolkit® (FTK®)Registry Viewer®

AD Summation®

Mobile Phone Examiner Plus®

Summation®

Discovery Cracker®

MPE+ Velocitor™

SilentRunner®

Distributed Network Attack®

Password Recovery Toolkit®

AccessData Legal and Contact Information| 2

A trademark symbol (®, ™, etc.) denotes an AccessData Group, Inc. trademark. With few exceptions, andunless otherwise notated, all third-party product names are spelled and capitalized the same way the owner
spells and capitalizes its product name. Third-party trademarks and copyrights are the property of the trademark
and copyright holders. AccessData claims no responsibility for the function or performance of third-party
products.
Third party acknowledgements:
FreeBSD ® Copyright 1992-2011. The FreeBSD Project.
AFF® and AFFLIB®

Copyright® 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Simson L. Garfinkel and Basis Technology
Corp. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2005 - 2009 Ayende Rahien

BSD License: Copyright (c) 2009-2011, Andriy Syrov. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source andbinary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
disclaimer; Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions andthe following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution; Neither thename of Andriy Syrov nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE
COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESSFOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTEGOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THISSOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
WordNet LicenseThis license is available as the file LICENSE in any downloaded version of WordNet.
WordNet 3.0 license: (Download)
WordNet Release 3.0 This software and database is being provided to you, the LICENSEE, by Princeton
University under the following license. By obtaining, using and/or copying this software and database, you agree
that you have read, understood, and will comply with these terms and conditions.: Permission to use, copy,
modify and distribute this software and database and its documentation for any purpose and without fee or
royalty is hereby granted, provided that you agree to comply with the following copyright notice and statements,
including the disclaimer, and that the same appear on ALL copies of the software, database and documentation,
including modifications that you make for internal use or for distribution. WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by
Princeton University. All rights reserved. THIS SOFTWARE AND DATABASE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. BY
WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PRINCETON UNIVERSITY MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT- ABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE
USE OF THE LICENSED SOFTWARE, DATABASE OR DOCUMENTATION WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRDPARTY PATENTS, COPYRIGHTS, TRADEMARKS OR OTHER RIGHTS. The name of Princeton University or

AccessData Legal and Contact Information| 3

Princeton may not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software and/or database.
Title to copyright in this software, database and any associated documentation shall at all times remain with
Princeton University and LICENSEE agrees to preserve same.

Documentation Conventions
In AccessData documentation, a number of text variations are used to indicate meanings or actions. For
example, a greater-than symbol (>) is used to separate actions within a step. Where an entry must be typed inusing the keyboard, the variable data is set apart using [variable_data] format. Steps that require the user toclick on a button or icon are indicated by Bolded text. This Italic font indicates a label or non-interactive item inthe user interface.
A trademark symbol (®, ™, etc.) denotes an AccessData Group, Inc. trademark. Unless otherwise notated, allthird-party product names are spelled and capitalized the same way the owner spells and capitalizes its productname. Third-party trademarks and copyrights are the property of the trademark and copyright holders.
AccessData claims no responsibility for the function or performance of third-party products.

Registration
The AccessData product registration is done at AccessData after a purchase is made, and before the product isshipped. The licenses are bound to either a USB security device, or a Virtual CmStick, according to yourpurchase.

Subscriptions
AccessData provides a one-year licensing subscription with all new product purchases. The subscription allows
you to access technical support, and to download and install the latest releases for your licensed products during
the active license period.
Following the initial licensing period, a subscription renewal is required annually for continued support and for
updating your products. You can renew your subscriptions through your AccessData Sales Representative.
Use License Manager to view your current registration information, to check for product updates and to
download the latest product versions, where they are available for download. You can also visit our web site,www.accessdata.com anytime to find the latest releases of our products.
For more information, see Managing Licenses in your product manual or on the AccessData website.

AccessData Contact Information
Your AccessData Sales Representative is your main contact with AccessData. Also, listed below are the general
AccessData telephone number and mailing address, and telephone numbers for contacting individual
departments

AccessData Legal and Contact Information| 4

Mailing Address and General Phone Numbers
You can contact AccessData in the following ways:

AccessData Mailing Address, Hours, and Department Phone Numbers
Corporate Headquarters:

AccessData Group, Inc.
588 West 400 South Suite 350
Lindon, UT 84042 USA
Voice: 801.377.5410; Fax: 801.377.5426

General Corporate Hours:

Monday through Friday, 8:00 AM – 5:00 PM (MST)
AccessData is closed on US Federal Holidays

State and Local
Law Enforcement Sales:

Voice: 800.574.5199, option 1; Fax: 801.765.4370
Email: Sales@AccessData.com

Federal Sales:

Voice: 800.574.5199, option 2; Fax: 801.765.4370
Email: Sales@AccessData.com

Corporate Sales:

Voice: 801.377.5410, option 3; Fax: 801.765.4370
Email: Sales@AccessData.com

Training:

Voice: 801.377.5410, option 6; Fax: 801.765.4370
Email: Training@AccessData.com

Accounting:

Voice: 801.377.5410, option 4

Technical Support
Technical support is available on all currently licensed AccessData solutions.
You can contact AccessData Customer and Technical Support in the following ways:
AccessData Support Portal
You can access the Chat, Knowledge Base, Discussion Boards, White Papers and more through theAccessData Support Portal:
https://support.accessdata.com
E-Mail Support:
support@accessdata.com
Telephone:
Americas/Asia-Pacific:
800-658-5199 (North America)
Support Hours: Mon-Fri, 7:00 AM – 6:00 PM (MST), except corporate holidays.

NOTE: Emergency support is available on weekends:
Saturday and Sunday 8:00am – 6:00pm MST via support@accessdata.com

AccessData Legal and Contact Information| 5

Documentation
Please email AccessData regarding any typos, inaccuracies, or other problems you find with the documentation:
documentation@accessdata.com

Professional Services
The AccessData Professional Services staff comes with a varied and extensive background in digital
investigations including law enforcement, counter-intelligence, and corporate security. Their collective
experience in working with both government and commercial entities, as well as in providing expert testimony,enables them to provide a full range of computer forensic and eDiscovery services.
At this time, Professional Services provides support for sales, installation, training, and utilization of Summation,
FTK, FTK Pro, Enterprise, eDiscovery, Lab and the entire Resolution One platform. They can help you resolve
any questions or problems you may have regarding these solutions.

Contact Information for Professional Services
Contact AccessData Professional Services in the following ways:

AccessData Professional Services Contact Information
Contact Method

Number or Address

Phone

North America Toll Free: 800-489-5199, option 7
International: +1.801.377.5410, option 7

Emailservices@accessdata.com

AccessData Legal and Contact Information| 6

Table of Contents

AccessData Legal and Contact Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Chapter 1: Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
PRTK and DNA Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Features Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Other AccessData Decryption Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
PRTK / DNA Add-Ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Chapter 2: Installing PRTK & DNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Before Installing PRTK or DNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Planning the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
PRTK or DNA Installation Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Starting the PRTK or DNA Installation Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Installing CodeMeter and License Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Installing PRTK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Installing DNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Supervisor Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
DNA Worker Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

After Installing PRTK or DNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Uninstalling PRTK or DNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Uninstalling PRTK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Uninstalling the DNA Supervisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Uninstalling the DNA Worker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Uninstalling a Mac Worker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Chapter 3: Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Starting PRTK or DNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Using the USB Security Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Running PRTK or DNA in Demo Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Right-Click Menus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Viewing Module Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Customizing the User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Showing or Hiding Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Table of Contents| 7

The Menu Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Changing Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

The Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
The Job Queue Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Job Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Changing Columns Order in the Job Queue Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Sizing Column Headings in The Job Queue Pane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

The Properties Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
DNA User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Priority Groups Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Chapter 4: Configuring PRTK and DNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Managing PRTK Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Managing DNA System Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Connecting To the DNA Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Backing Up and Restoring Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Viewing Worker Information From the Worker Machine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Managing and Monitoring Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Managing Worker Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Deleting a Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Configuring the Management of Hyper-threaded Cores on Workers . . . . . . . .64
Configuring Ports to Avoid Conflicts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Accelerating Password Recovery using GPU Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Jobs that Utilize GPU Acceleration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
GPU Hardware Supported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
About GPU Acceleration and RDP sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Chapter 5: Recovering Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Recovery Process Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Best Practices for Adding Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Adding Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
Selecting Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Dragging and Dropping Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Monitoring Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Managing the Recovery Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Specifying Recovery Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Displaying Job Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Printing Recovery Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Managing Jobs in DNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Allocating Resources for a Job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Table of Contents| 8

Copying Recovered Passwords to the Windows Clipboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Opening Files Using Recovered Passwords and Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Manually Decrypting Files with a Password or Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Chapter 6: Managing Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
About Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Default Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Setting a Default Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Creating a Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
Editing a Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Deleting a Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Chapter 7: Managing Password Recovery Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Understanding Rule Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Default Rule Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Modifying the Password Rule Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Understanding a User-defined Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Creating a User-Defined Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Editing a User-defined Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Removing a User-defined Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Chapter 8: Using the Dictionary Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Dictionary Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
PRTK & DNA Dictionary Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Starting the Dictionary Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Browse Dictionaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Dictionary Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Standard Dictionary Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Biographical Dictionary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Merge Golden Dictionaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Chapter 9: Specialized Password Recoveries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Recovering Login Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Accessing the SAM File and the System File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Recovering Login Passwords from Windows NT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Recovering Passwords from Win 9x Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Recovering Login Passwords on Windows 2000 and XP Systems . . . . . . . 118
Recovering Passwords Using a Boot Disk to Access the Files . . . . . . . . . 119
Processing the Protected System Files in PRTK or DNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Recovering Passwords from the Windows Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Recovering Passwords from the Current Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Recovering AOL Communicator Account Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Recovering AOL Instant Messenger Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Table of Contents| 9

Recovering AOL Sign-on Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Recovering MSN Messenger Login Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Recovering Netscape .W and .S Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Recovering QuickBooks Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Recovering Yahoo! Messenger Login Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Recovering WinZip Archive Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Recovering IE Protected (Intelliforms) Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Collecting Necessary Files for IE 7, 8, and 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Collecting Necessary Files for IE 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

PRTK/DNA and Diacritics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Chapter 10: Managing Security Devices and Licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
NLS Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Virtual CmStick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Installing and Managing Security Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Installing the Security Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Installing LicenseManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Managing Licenses with LicenseManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Starting LicenseManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
The LicenseManager Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Opening and Saving Dongle Packet Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Adding and Removing Product Licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Adding and Removing Product Licenses Remotely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Updating Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Chapter 11: Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
PRTK and DNA Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
PRTK Installation Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Password Recovery Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

DNA Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Add Job Processing Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Appendix A: Recognized Applications and File Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Decryption Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Dictionary Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Keyspace Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Reset Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Multiple Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Appendix B: Password Recovery Attacks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Character Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

Table of Contents| 10

Default Dictionaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Default Rule Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
English Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Arabic Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
European Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Russian Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Pass-phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
FTK Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
PRTK Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
DNA Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Character Replacements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Common Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Common Suffixes (a.k.a. Postfixes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Prepositional and Verb Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Appendix C: Encryption Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Understanding Encrypted Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Understanding the PRTK & DNA Decryption Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Decryption Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Dictionary Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Keyspace Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Reset Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

Current Encryption Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Symmetric Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
RC4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Asymmetric Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Hashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Message Digest 5 (MD5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

Appendix D: Program Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
PRTK Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
DNA Supervisor Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
DNA Worker Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

Appendix E: Recovering EFS Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Recovering EFS on Windows XP Service Pack 1 or Later . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Other Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
AccessData PRTK/DNA Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Table of Contents| 11

Chapter 1

Overview

This AccessData® product manual covers both Password Recovery Toolkit® (PRTK®) and Distributed Network
Attack® (DNA®). Both are used in many different environments to provide specific, password-cracking related
functions. For example, law enforcement and corporate security professionals can use PRTK and DNA in
computer forensic investigations to access password-protected files.
IT administrators can use PRTK and DNA to recover system passwords, while individual users can use PRTK
and DNA to recover lost passwords to personal files. These two products provide access to passwords for alarge number of popular software applications.
PRTK runs on a single machine only. DNA uses multiple machines across the network or across the world to
conduct key space and dictionary attacks. In many cases, this makes use of time those computers would
normally be idle, saving the cost of additional hardware. Many organizations find that the cost of additional
hardware is justified for a secure, dedicated password recovery lab.
These and other differences are covered in this manual. In general when referring to PRTK features, you canassume that the same applies to DNA. The PRTK user interface is slightly different from that of DNA, so for
those differences, you will need to refer to the DNA-specific sections of this manual for information regarding
DNA-only features.
For more information about PRTK, DNA, or any other AccessData product, see the AccessData website atwww.accessdata.com.

Audience
PRTK and DNA are intended for law enforcement officials and corporate security and IT professionals who needaccess to password-protected files, folders, and computers. PRTK is also available for any individual, such as anadministrator or user, who needs to recover a lost or forgotten password. PRTK and DNA can also be used as asecurity risk assessment tool to identify the weakest links in an organization’s security profile.
Anyone using PRTK should possess the following competencies:Basic knowledge of and experience with personal computers
Understanding of file protection through passwords and cryptographic standards
Familiarity with the Microsoft Windows environment

In addition, law enforcement and corporate security professionals should possess the following competencies:Basic knowledge of and training in forensic policies and procedures

Overview

Audience| 12Familiarity with the fundamentals of collecting digital evidence and ensuring the legal validity of theevidence
Understanding of forensic images and how to acquire forensically sound images
Experience with case studies and reports

PRTK and DNA Overview
PRTK and DNA have essentially the same program interface and they work essentially the same way. Bothprograms analyze file signatures to find encryption types and determine which recovery modules to use.
See Understanding Encrypted Files (page 196).
Before recovering passwords for protected files, PRTK and DNA create hash values that can be used to aid indetermining whether the content of a file changed during the password recovery.
PRTK and DNA perform recoveries on protected files using various methods, including decryption and dictionary
attacks. For more information on attack types, see Understanding the PRTK & DNA Decryption Process(page 197). For difficult password key values, PRTK performs dictionary attacks using various types ofdictionaries, including the Golden Dictionary (containing previously recovered passwords), as well as
Biographical, Custom User, and Default dictionaries.
PRTK and DNA display basic file, or job, information for jobs in the Properties Pane, and more extensive
information in the Job Properties window.
After recovering passwords, you can open recovered files and print reports.

Features Overview
PRTK and DNA perform the following basic functions:Recover passwords: PRTK can recover the password to files created in many popular industry

applications by using a variety of methods, including several types of dictionaries used within profiles, in
combination with rules to achieve the desired results. PRTK can also recover multi-lingual passwords.
Hash files: Hashing a file uses an algorithm that creates a unique hash value for a file, allowing

verification that the contents of a file remain unchanged. When a file is added to PRTK or DNA for key or
password recovery, it is hashed. When the key or password is recovered, the file is automatically hashedagain to verify that the file itself has remained unchanged. This is particularly helpful to law enforcement
personnel who need to verify that a file has not been changed while recovering a password.
Open encrypted files: You can use recovered keys or passwords to open recovered files, if theapplications the files originated from are available and installed on a computer you have access to.
Recovered files can be copied or moved to any location.
Generate reports: You can print job information reports for password recovery jobs in PDF format.
Utilizing graphics processing units (GPU): In order to harness additional processing capabilities toincrease performance, you can now utilize a computer’s graphics processing unit (GPU) as an additional
processor. This feature is only available on computers running Microsoft Windows and that have GPUs
with NVIDIA CUDA.
See Accelerating Password Recovery using GPU Hardware on page 65.

Overview

PRTK and DNA Overview| 13Other AccessData Decryption Products
AccessData has developed other industry-leading products to assist in password recovery. The following
sections offer a brief introduction to these products. For more information on any of these or any AccessData
products, please visit our website, www.accessdata.com.

PRTK / DNA Add-Ons
The following add-ons are available to enhance the power and speed of password-cracking with PRTK and/or
DNA.

Rainbow (Hash) Tables
Rainbow Tables are pre-computed, brute-force attacks. In cryptography, a brute-force attack is an attempt torecover a cryptographic key or password by trying every possible key combination until the correct one is found.
How quickly this can be done depends on the size of the key, and the computing resources applied.
A system set at 40-bit encryption has one trillion keys available. A brute-force attack of 500,000 keys per second
would take approximately 25 days to exhaust the key space combinations using a single 3 GHz Pentium 4
computer. With a Rainbow Table, because all possible keys in the 40-bit keyspace are already calculated, filekeys are found in a matter of seconds-to-minutes; far faster than by other means. DNA and PRTK seamlessly
integrate with Rainbow Tables.

Product Features
Three Rainbow Tables Hash Sets are available:
MS Office Word and Excel
Acrobat PDF
Windows LAN Hash

Each hash set takes nearly 3TB of disk space.
AccessData RainbowTables hash sets for Windows LAN Hash ship with their own user-interface program, andthat is the one that should be used for LAN Hash files. The Rainbow Tables has sets for MS Office and Acrobat
PDF, as well as the Portable Office Rainbow Tables, (PORT) all run with AccessData Rainbow Tables standalone user-interface program. Check for the latest version of RainbowTables.exe on the AccessData Website,
www.AccessData.com.

Portable Office Rainbow Tables
Rainbow Tables are pre-computed, brute-force attacks. AccessData Portable Office Rainbow Tables (PORT) are
different from the full Hash tables set. A statistical analysis is done on the file itself to determine the available
keys. This takes far less space than the Hash Tables, but also takes somewhat more time and costs a small
percentage in accuracy.

Overview

Other AccessData Decryption Products| 14Chapter 2

Installing PRTK & DNA

This chapter describes how to install and uninstall AccessData Password Recovery Toolkit (PRTK) and
AccessData Distributed Network Attack (DNA).

Before Installing PRTK or DNA
Before installing PRTK or DNA, you should evaluate the workstation and its current software according to yourinvestigational needs. A good understanding of the workstation and its configured devices can help ensure that
PRTK or DNA runs efficiently, and does not degrade the performance of your other applications.

Planning the Installation
Prior to installing either PRTK or DNA, consider the following:Role of the workstation: Determine if it is used as a regular user workstation, a forensic analysis

workstation, or a password recovery machine.
Access policy: To prevent security issues, identify where the system is located, when the cases can beworked on, and ensure that only the desired personnel can access the system and its information.
Hardware and software requirements: For the hardware and software requirements, see the AccessData

Web site, www.accessdata.com. The System Requirements.PDF can be found on the installation discor download file, and is also available in the DNA or PRTK folder structure after installation.

Application relationships: Verify that your installed applications can work simultaneously. Also, do not run

so many applications that you compromise overall performance.
Product installation: You cannot install both PRTK and the DNA Supervisor on the same computer. You

must install one or the other.
Network and Internet issues: Determine whether the workstation should be connected to a network or theInternet. Under normal circumstances, the forensic analysis workstation is not constantly connected to
the Internet to avoid the possibility of tainting evidence.
While there are some reasons to be connected to the Internet, most tasks requiring Internet access canbe accomplished through other means.
System policies and procedures: Check with your system administrator about any specific security

policies and procedures that might exist that may change the installation plan.
Administrator rights: To run PRTK or DNA successfully, you must be logged in as an administrator withfull admin rights on the local machine where PRTK or DNA is installed.

Installing PRTK & DNA

Before Installing PRTK or DNA| 15

PRTK or DNA Installation Prerequisites
Before running the PRTK or DNA installation, you must install either the WIBU-SYSTEMS CodeMeter Runtime
Software and CodeMeter license security device (also known as a CmStick), or the CodeMeter software,
AccessData dongle driver, and Keylok USB dongle license security device.

Dongle Driver and/or CodeMeter Runtime
The Keylok dongle or the CmStick enables you to use all features and recovery modules of DNA; thesecurity device software must be installed on the Supervisor machine.
The CmStick requires only the CodeMeter Runtime software. The Keylok dongle requires The CodeMeter

Runtime software and the appropriate Dongle Driver software. Both are available on the AccessData
website.
For more information about installing and using license security devices, related software, and License Manager,
see Managing Security Devices and Licenses (page 133).
Note: The CmStick or dongle should be stored in a secure location when not in use.

You will need one of the following
The WIBU-SYSTEMS 64-bit CodeMeter Runtime software with a WIBU-SYSTEMS CodeMeter (CmStick)The current AccessData 64-bit dongle drivers with a Keylok dongle

The Codemeter Runtime software and a silver WIBU-SYSTEMS CmStick, or a green Keylok dongle andits related drivers are required to run PRTK or DNA. Without one or the other of them, you can run PRTKor DNA in Demo mode only.
Registry Viewer is the only other program that has a demo mode available.

In addition
If you will be using Rainbow Tables or PORT be aware of the following:RainbowTables.exe (version 2.0.3.0, dated 4/22/2010 @ 4:00 pm) supports CodeMeter CmStick, and

CodeMeter Runtime software versions 4.10b and 4.20a. LANRainbow.exe (version 1.0.3.0, dated 4/22/
2010 @ 3:53 pm) supports KeyLok only.
They continue to support the KeyLok dongles and their required dongle drivers.
They do NOT support NLS or virtual licenses.

Accessing the Installation Files
You can install PRTK or DNA from its shipping CD or from downloadable files available on the AccessData
website.
If you download PRTK or DNA, the installation files are ISO files. You will need to do one of the following:Mount the ISO directly using a program like MagicDisc.

AccessData recommends mounting an ISO image for the installation as it eliminates some of the
problems associated with burning discs.
Burn the ISO to a DVD with a program such as ImgBurn.

To download PRTK or DNA and other necessary installation ISO files from the website
1.

From your internet browser, go to www.accessdata.com.

2.

Click Support > Product Downloads.

Installing PRTK & DNA

Before Installing PRTK or DNA

| 16

3.

For PRTK, DNA, or PORT, click Decryption Products.

4.

To view the PRTK or DNA User Guide or Release Notes, click the product name and click the link forthe document. These documentation PDF files are also included in the installation ISO file and are also
installed with PRKT and DNA.

5.

To download the installation ISO file, click Download for the desired product and save the file(s) locallyprior to running the installation files.
It may take several minutes to download the installation ISO file.

6.

The installation files for the CodeMeter Runtime software, Keylok dongle, and License Manager are
included in the PRTK/DNA installation file.

Starting the PRTK or DNA Installation Page
To launch the Installation page1.

To launch the Installation page from the downloaded file, do one of the following:Mount the ISO directly using a program like MagicDisc.

AccessData recommends mounting an ISO image for the installation as it eliminates some of the
problems associated with burning discs.
Burn the ISO to a DVD with a program such as ImgBurn.

2.

To launch the Installation page from the CD, do the following:Insert the CD into the CD-ROM drive and wait for the Installation page to display.

3.

If auto-run is not enabled, select Start > Run. Browse to the CD-ROM drive and select Autorun.exe.

Installing CodeMeter and License Manager
1.

Install the security device drivers first, as follows:Install the CodeMeter Runtime software and/or Keylok dongle drivers.
Connect the license security device.
Verify that Windows recognizes it.

2.

Install License Manager.
Use License Manager (available on the install disks, or by download from the AccessData website) to
manage product licenses.
For installation instructions and more information on Keylok dongles, CmSticks, CodeMeter Runtime,and License Manager, see Managing Security Devices and Licenses (page 133).

Installing PRTK & DNA

Before Installing PRTK or DNA| 17

Installing PRTK
Before installing PRTK, install the CodeMeter and License Manger.
See Installing CodeMeter and License Manager on page 17.

To install PRTK
1.

Launch the PRTK Installation page.
See Starting the PRTK or DNA Installation Page on page 17.

2.

On the Welcome screen, click Next.

3.

Read and accept the License Agreement.
If you choose not to accept the terms of the license agreement, you cannot continue with the

installation.
You can print the License Agreement by clicking Print. You must have a printer already installed to

do so.
4.

Click Next.

5.

On the Destination Folder dialog box, accept the default folder or click Change to select a destination
folder different from the default.

6.

Click Next to continue.

7.

Click Install.
The product installation begins. A progress bar shows the status of the installation until it is complete.

8.

Choose one of the following:Select Launch AccessData Password Recovery Toolkit if you want to run the program now.
Uncheck Launch AccessData Password Recovery Toolkit if you want to run the program later.

Make your decision based in part on the following information: If you have installed the dongle and the dongle drivers, you can run PRKT.
 If you have not installed the security device and drivers, uncheck Run AccessData Password
Recovery Toolkit, then install the security device and drivers before attempting to run PRTK.
Until you complete the process of installing the license security device, you will be able to run
the product only in demo mode. For more information on this process, see Installing andManaging Security Devices (page 134).
If you have to install the license security device drivers before you run PRTK, you can start
PRTK later by selecting Start > Programs > AccessData > PRTK > PRTK, or by clicking on
the PRTK desktop icon.
9.

Click Finish, return to the Installation page, and close it.

Installing PRTK & DNA

Installing PRTK

| 18

Installing DNA
You can install DNA from a CD or from downloadable files available on the AccessData web site,www.accessdata.com.
See Accessing the Installation Files on page 16.
There are two basic components to the DNA system: the Supervisor and the Worker.
DNA Supervisor: A machine in the DNA system that controls Worker machines in the DNA system, andthe jobs that they process. You must install the DNA Supervisor before you install the DNA Workers.
DNA Worker: A machine in the DNA system that processes jobs for decryption or password cracking. You

must run the appropriate DNA Worker installation program on each participating machine in the system.
The installation creates the Supervisor folder in the following path:[drive]:\Program Files\AccessData\DNA\.
The program files are copied there. The files necessary for installing Workers are generated in this folder during
the Supervisor installation.
Important: Because the Worker installation files are generated during the Supervisor installation, you must run afirst-time worker installation using the files in the Supervisor folder.
Additional files including Dictionaries, Rules, Profiles, and so forth are placed in the following path:[drive]:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\AccessData\PR.
Note: PR stands for Password Recovery.

Supervisor Installation
Run the DNA installation on the machine that you want to use as a DNA Supervisor. Complete the Supervisor
installation before installing the DNA Worker on any machine. Otherwise, the Workers will not be able tocommunicate with the Supervisor.
Before installing DNA, install the CodeMeter and License Manger.
See Installing CodeMeter and License Manager on page 17.

To install DNA Supervisor
1.

Turn off all firewalls, virus scanners, and spyware.

2.

Launch the DNA Installation page.
See Starting the PRTK or DNA Installation Page on page 17.

3.

On the Welcome screen, click Next.

4.

Select I Accept the Terms of the License Agreement.
If you choose not to accept the terms of the license agreement, you cannot continue with the
installation.

5.

(Optional) Click Print to print the license agreement. You must have already installed a printer.

6.

On the Destination Folder dialog box, accept the default folder or click Change to select a destination
folder different from the default.

7.

On the Ready to Install the Program page, click Install.

8.

Click Finish to complete the installation on the Supervisor Installation Complete form.

Installing PRTK & DNA

Installing DNA

| 19

9.

Follow the steps to install Workers for your DNA system as described below.

DNA Worker Installation
Before you begin this installation, the Supervisor folder on the Supervisor machine should be shared to allow
Worker machines to remotely access it for running the DNA Worker installation.

To share the DNA Supervisor directory
1.

In Windows Explorer, navigate to the [drive]: Program Files\AccessData\DNA\ directory. Right-click the\Supervisor\ directory and select Sharing.

2.

In the Sharing tab, select Shared As.

3.

(Optional) Enter any additional information in the Sharing tab fields that you want to require of the client
workstations before they can access the directory.

Important: You must not compress the Worker.ini file.
The DNA Worker installation programs are available in the Supervisor directory. You can install the DNA Worker
on Windows, Macintosh, or Linux machines. For more information about the Worker system requirements, see
the System Requirements.pdf file in the Supervisor folder.

DNA Worker Installation on a Windows Workstation
Before you begin this installation, the Supervisor folder on the Supervisor machine should be shared to enable
the Workers to access the Worker installation files. If you are using some other method to push the Worker out tothe workstations, or if you plan to copy either of the two Worker installation *.msi files, sharing the Supervisor
folder is not necessary.

Worker Information for the DNA 3.5 and Later Releases
Workers are now installed with the AccessData DNA Worker (64-bit).msi file rather than the oldWorkerInstall.exe.

Installing the Worker on a Windows workstation
New Workers update via Group Policy when the Worker machine is rebooted. If you do not use a Windows
Server version, or do not implement Group Policies, do the following to install your Workers:

To manually install new Workers without Group Policies
1.

On the Windows workstation, browse to the shared Supervisor directory and do one of the following:
Double-click the correct *.msi file on the Supervisor machine, file as explained above.
Copy the correct *.msi file to the local Worker machine, and execute it there.
Right click on the correct *.msi file and choose Install.
Push the Worker out to the Worker computers using a third party product such as a Windows ServerGroup Policy.
2.

Click Next on the Welcome screen.

3.

Read and accept the License Agreement.

Installing PRTK & DNA

Installing DNA

| 20

4.

Click Next.

5.

If using Windows Vista, approve the installation.

6.

On the Supervisor Information screen, do the following:
6a.

Verify the Supervisor Information.

Important: Do not change any of the values unless you want to connect this Worker to a different
Supervisor.
6b.

(Optional) Specify whether or not to install the worker with GPU support.
See Accelerating Password Recovery using GPU Hardware on page 65.

7.

Click Next.

8.

On the Ready to Install screen, click Install to proceed with the Worker installation.

9.

When the installation is complete, click Finish to finalize and close the Worker installation wizard.
If you selected Install GPU support, you are prompted whether or not to launch the DNA Worker withGPU Support.
After the installation is completed, one of the following occurs:If you did not select GPU support, the DNAWorker service runs and connects to the Supervisor.
If you selected GPU support, DNAGPUWorker.exe runs and connects to the Supervisor.

On worker computers, you can view a DNA Worker status screen. See Viewing Worker Information
From the Worker Machine on page 51.
On the supervisor computer, you can view a list of DNA Workers. See Viewing Workers Information
From the Supervisor Computer on page 51.
Important: All Workers will need to be updated to the latest version of the shipping build of DNA as there havebeen numerous changes which will not allow an older Worker to process jobs. Following the upgradeof DNA, Workers can be installed manually or the Worker update can be accomplished through aGroup Policy.

Installing PRTK & DNA

Installing DNA| 21

Setting Up a Group Policy
Workers should be set up on a domain that will allow a group policy to be utilized to push a newer version of theWorker down to the specified machines.
A group policy should then be created from the domain server with the WorkerInstall.msi that will push theWorker out to the existing or new clients.
Note: See Microsoft’s Group Policy instructions on how to set up the policy. There is a document on Microsoft’s
web site called “Introduction to Group Policy in Windows Server 2003” that gives a good overview ofGroup Policy.
Important: GPU support cannot be enabled on the Windows Worker directly using the MSI installer using aGroup Policy. To enable GPU support, you must manually install the DNA worker directly on thosecomputers where qualifying hardware exists or is anticipated.
See Accelerating Password Recovery using GPU Hardware on page 65.
See DNA Worker Installation on a Windows Workstation on page 20.

Worker Installation on a Macintosh Workstation
The Mac worker requires administrative permissions to install/uninstall the program.
Alternatively, you can use the 'sudo' command.

To install the Macintosh DNA Worker
1.

Copy 'worker-mac.zip' from the Windows Supervisor folder to a folder on the Mac computer.

2.

Unzip the worker-mac.zip file. This can be accomplished by double clicking on the worker-mac.zip file or
by running the command “unzip worker-mac.zip” in the directory where the worker-mac.zip file resides.

3.

Do one of the following:To use the graphical Macintosh installer, double-click the worker-mac.mpkg file.
To use the command-line, enter the following command in the directory where the worker-mac.mpkg

resides:sudo installer -pkg worker-mac.mpkg/ -target /4.

Provide administrative credentials.

5.

Once running, the Worker on this Mac box should display the IP address and name of the machine on
the Supervisor.

To start the status screen on a Mac worker, go into the Applications directory and double click the DNAWorker
Client application.

Worker Installation on a Linux Workstation
The versions of Linux that are supported for DNA Workers are as follows:Fedora Core 23 (64-bit)
Fedora Core 24 (64-bit)

When installing to Linux-based workstations, it is helpful that SCP and SSH are already available on thoseworkstations to facilitate the Worker installation from the Windows Supervisor machine.

Installing PRTK & DNA

Installing DNA| 22

Important: All commands for Linux-based boxes are case-sensitive. Type these commands exactly as written.
You can install the DNA Worker on the local machine or from the DNA Supervisor machine. Modify the

C:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts
file to include the IP addresses of the Worker machines so you can log on to the correct box and use the SCP
and SSH commands for file transfer.

Installing a DNA Worker Locally on a Linux Workstation
To install the DNA Worker locally, complete the following steps as user root at the command line on the target
Linux machine:
1.

Copy the worker-amd64-install.sh install file from the Windows Supervisor folder to a folder on theLinux box using any means available.

2.

At the prompt on the Linux box, type the following command:

scp worker-amd64-install.sh [Linux box name]:
You will be prompted for your user password. By default, the folder is copied to the/Home/[username] folder.
3.

Once copied, logon to the box by typing ssh user@[box_name] and switch to the root user:

4.

su
Provide the user password, if applicable.

5.

Change directory to the folder you copied worker-i386-install.sh or worker-amd64-install.sh to:6.

cd /home/[user_name]
5a. Run:./worker-i386-install.sh
When prompted to install Java, click Yes.

7.

Once Java is installed, go to the /opt/Accessdata/DNA/Worker folder by typing:

8.
9.

cd /opt/AccessData/DNA/Worker
Run the following command to start the Worker service:./dna3workerd startOnce running, the Worker on this Linux box should display with the IP address and name of theSupervisor machine.

10. Run the following command from the AccessData folder to stop the Worker service:./dna3workerd stop
11. To check the status of the Worker service, run the following command:./dna3workerd status

Installing a DNA Worker Remotely on a Linux Workstation
Before you remotely install the DNA Worker on a Linux machine, verify the following:
The DNA Supervisor is already installed on a Windows machine.
Scp and ssh command files are available on the Supervisor machine.
You have a user account on the Linux machine.

Installing PRTK & DNA

Installing DNA| 23

To remotely install the DNA Worker from the Supervisor machine1.

Modify the

C:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\Hosts
file to include the IP address of the Worker machine.
2.

Using a command prompt, copy the worker-amd64-install.sh from the Supervisor directory to a
directory on the Linux machine using the following command:scp worker-amd64-install.sh [Linux_machine_name]:

By default, the folder is copied to the /home/[username] directory.
3.

Enter the user password for the Linux machine.

4.

Log in to the Linux machine:6.

ssh user@[machine_name]
Switch to the root user:su
If prompted, enter the root user password.

7.

Go to the directory in which you copied worker-amd64-install.sh; type the following command:5.

./worker-amd64-install.sh

8.

When prompted to install Java, click Yes.

9.

After Java is installed, go to the /DNA/Worker directory as follows:

cd /opt/AccessData/DNA/Worker
From this location you can perform start, stop, and check status functions.

To start the Worker service
./dna3workerd start

The worker on the Linux machine displays the IP address and machine name of the Supervisor.

To stop the Worker service
./dna3workerd stop

To check the status of the Worker service
./dna3workerd status

Installing PRTK & DNA

Installing DNA| 24

After Installing PRTK or DNA
Before running PRTK or DNA, if you have not already done so, you must install a dongle and the dongle drivers,
and add licenses to the dongle. For more information, see PRTK or DNA Installation Prerequisites (page 16).

Licensing
You can manage product licenses on a dongle using LicenseManager.
For information about installing LicenseManager, see Installing LicenseManager (page 142).
For information about starting LicenseManager, see Managing Security Devices and Licenses (page 133).

Installing PRTK & DNA

After Installing PRTK or DNA| 25

Uninstalling PRTK or DNA
The following sections will guide you through uninstalling PRTK, or a DNA Supervisor and/or its Workers.

Uninstalling PRTK
You can uninstall PRTK just as you would typically remove other programs from the Windows Control Panel.

To uninstall the PRTK program
1.

Under the Start menu, select Control Panel > Add or Remove Programs.

2.

Select AccessData PRTK; then click Remove.

3.

Select Uninstall PRTK; then click Next.

4.

Click Yes to proceed with the uninstall.

5.

Click Finish to complete the uninstall.

Important: After the uninstall is complete, there are still some files left on your computer. Go to[drive]:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\AccessData\PR
to see these files. You may wish to keep these files, or if the computer will no longer be used forpassword recovery, delete the \PR\ folder to complete the uninstall.

To uninstall the CodeMeter Runtime software if no other AccessData products are installed or to beinstalled on this computer
1.

Under the Start menu, select Control Panel > Add or Remove Programs.

2.

Select the CodeMeter Runtime Kit, then click Change/Remove.

3.

Click OK to proceed with the uninstall.

4.

Click Finish to complete the uninstall.

To uninstall the dongle drivers if they are no longer necessary for other programs on this computer
1.

Under the Start menu, select Control Panel > Add or Remove Programs.

2.

Select the AccessData Dongle Driver; then click Change/Remove.

3.

Click OK to proceed with the uninstall.

4.

Click Finish to complete the uninstall.

Uninstalling the DNA Supervisor
You can uninstall the DNA Supervisor from the Windows Control Panel.

To uninstall the DNA Supervisor from the Windows Control Panel
1.

Under the Start menu, select Control Panel > Add/Remove Programs.

2.

Select AccessData DNA Supervisor and click Change/Remove.

3.

Select the desired type of uninstall and click Next.
Partial uninstall: Removes the DNA program files. You can select a partial uninstall if a program file

becomes corrupted. You can then re-install the Supervisor without losing your customized DNA files,

Installing PRTK & DNA

Uninstalling PRTK or DNA| 26

such as profiles, rules, and the communication keys. For more information, see Supervisor
Installation (page 19).
Full uninstall: Removes all files in the Supervisor directory, including program files and customized

files. If you perform a full uninstall, the Workers subordinate to the Supervisor stop processing jobs,
unless you back up the Supervisor keys first.
To backup the Supervisor keys, refer to Backing Up and Restoring Keys (page 50).
4.

Click Finish.

Important: After the uninstall is complete, there are still some files left on your computer. Go to[drive]:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\AccessData\PR
to see these files. You may wish to keep these files, or if the computer will no longer be used forpassword recovery, delete the \PR\ folder to complete the uninstall.

To uninstall the CodeMeter Runtime software if no other AccessData products are installed or to beinstalled on this computer
1.

Under the Start menu, select Control Panel > Add or Remove Programs.

2.

Select the CodeMeter Runtime Kit, then click Change/Remove.

3.

Click OK to proceed with the uninstall.

4.

Click Finish to complete the uninstall.

To uninstall the dongle drivers if they are no longer necessary for other programs on this computer
1.

Under the Start menu, select Control Panel > Add or Remove Programs.

2.

Select the AccessData Dongle Driver; then click Change/Remove.

3.

Click OK to proceed with the uninstall.

4.

Click Finish to complete the uninstall.

Uninstalling the DNA Worker
You can uninstall the DNA Worker from Windows workstations and from Macintosh, and Linux machines.

Uninstalling the DNA Worker on a Windows Workstation
You can uninstall the DNA Worker from the Windows Control Panel.

To uninstall the DNA Worker
1.

Under the Start menu, select Control Panel >Add/Remove Programs.

2.

Select AccessData DNA Worker and click Change/Remove.
If you are prompted that the application is still running, right-click the key icon in the Taskbar and select
Exit.

3.

Click OK to remove the DNA Worker and all its components.

4.

Click Finish.

Installing PRTK & DNA

Uninstalling PRTK or DNA| 27

Uninstalling a Mac Worker
To uninstall the DNA Worker on a Mac
1.

At the command line, go to the /opt/AccessData/DNA/Worker directory.

2.

Enter the following command:sudo sh uninstall.sh

Uninstalling the Security Device Drivers
You can uninstall the WIBU-SYSTEMS CodeMeter software if no other AccessData products are installed on thismachine, and you can uninstall the Keylok dongle driver if no other AccessData programs rely on it for license
information.
Both security device drivers can be uninstalled from the Windows Control Panel.

Installing PRTK & DNA

Uninstalling PRTK or DNA| 28

Chapter 3

Getting Started

This section acquaints you with the basic features of both PRTK and DNA.

Starting PRTK or DNA
To run either PRTK or DNA, choose from the following options.

To run PRTKDo one of the following:Select Start > All Programs > AccessData > PRTK > PRTK.exe
Click the PRTK desktop shortcut.

To run DNA
Do one of the following:Click Start > All Programs > AccessData > Distributed Network Attack > Supervisor.exe.
Click the Supervisor desktop icon.

When starting, PRTK and DNA search for a license. If you do not have a CmStick or a dongle or if the
CodeMeter software or the device drivers are not installed correctly, then the product runs in demo mode,
allowing you to run decryption jobs on a limited number of file types.
For more information about demo mode see, Running PRTK or DNA in Demo Mode (page 30).
For more information about installing the software security devices and drivers, see Managing Security Devices
and Licenses (page 133).
PRTK and DNA use services to handle password recovery functions. The services must be running for PRTK tosuccessfully do its job.
Typically, the services are started when PRTK is started, and the services are stopped when PRTK is stopped.
When DNA is installed, the services start automatically and continue to run, even when the User Interface isclosed.
If PRTK or DNA does not start properly, see Troubleshooting (page 155).

Getting Started

Starting PRTK or DNA| 29

Using the USB Security Device
Typically, AccessData product licenses reside on the same CodeMeter stick or dongle. This configuration
assumes that you are running the products on a single machine. (You can use only one AccessData securitycompliance device at a time on any one computer.) If you prefer to run the products on separate machines, you
can order an additional CmStick for a nominal fee. For more information, contact AccessData at
www.accessdata.com, or contact your AccessData Sales Representative.
Note: Running FTK, PRTK or DNA, and the Registry Viewer on a single machine facilitates interaction between
the products. For example, FTK 2.1 and above has an option to automatically decrypt EFS files using
PRTK. As long as FTK and PRTK licenses are on the same dongle, and the dongle and the products are
installed on the same machine, PRTK automatically decrypts these files for FTK. If you run the products
on different machines, you lose some of this integrated functionality. Keep in mind, however, that runningthem on the same machine may heavily tax the resources of that machine.
Use LicenseManager to manage your product licenses once the CmStick and the CodeMeter software, or the
CodeMeter software, the dongle device drivers and the dongle are installed on your decryption computer. For
more information, see Managing Security Devices and Licenses (page 133).

Running PRTK or DNA in Demo Mode
When you run PRTK or DNA without a security device, you can run only the demo version of the product. This
limits the types of files you can run attacks on.
The demo version includes modules for Zip and PGP®.

Right-Click Menus
Throughout the interface you can right-click the mouse to see features specific to the context of the tasks you
are performing.

Getting Started

Starting PRTK or DNA| 30

Viewing Module Information
You can view information about password recovery modules, including information about module names, display
names, attack types, and supported products and versions.

To view module information
Click Help > Recovery Modules.

Customizing the User Interface
The PRTK interface consists of the Menu bar, the Tool bar, the Job Queue pane, and the Properties pane. DNA
has an additional pane, the Priority Groups pane.
You can customize several aspects of the interface to fit your needs or preferences. All windows and dialogs are
resizeable in this version of PRTK and DNA. However, the resized windows are not persistent, meaning thatafter resizing the window, once closed, the next time that window is opened, it will be the default size.

To reset the view to default
Click View > Reset Views.

Showing or Hiding Elements
You can show or hide the Toolbar, Properties Pane, and Priority Groups Pane (DNA).
To show or hide an element of the user interface, click View. Select an element to toggle an item in the view. This
places a check mark next to the element you selected, indicating that the element is displayed in the view.
To turn off or remove an element from the view
1.

Click View.

2.

Select the element to remove it from the view.
This removes the check mark next to that element, indicating that it is not being displayed in the view.

Getting Started

Viewing Module Information| 31

The PRTK Interface

The DNA interface is essentially the same as the PRTK interface, with the addition of the Priority Groups Pane,as seen in the following figure:

The DNA Interface

Getting Started

Customizing the User Interface| 32

The Menu Bar
The Menu Bar above the Toolbar lets you access product features.
The following tables provide information about the various Menu Bar items, and their descriptions.
The File menu contains the following options:File Menu Items
Menu Item

Description

New Case

Create a new case. This allows you to keep files from one case together, or from several
cases separate from each other.

Delete Case

Delete an existing case.

Add Files

Add files to be processed.

Pause All

Pause all jobs. To pause an individual job, right-click on the job, and choose Pause.

Resume All

Resume all paused jobs. To resume an individual job, right-click on the job and choose
Resume.

Delete All

Delete all jobs. To delete a single job, right-click on the job and choose Delete.

Connect

Connect the Supervisor service to another Supervisor service.

Generate
ReportGenerate a job report in PDF format. See the figure following this table for the information
contained in the report.

Exit

Exits the program. When exited, PRTK terminates the services, but saves the jobs it wasworking on until the next time the program is run. DNA does not terminate the services, andthey can continue to run in the background on Worker machines.

The following figure shows an example of a report:

Generated Report Statistics

Getting Started

The Menu Bar| 33

The Edit menu contains the following options:

Edit Menu Items
Menu Item

Description

Rules

Opens the Rules editor.

ProfilesOpens the Profiles editor.

Select All

Selects all jobs in the Job Queue Pane.

Preferences

Opens the Preferences view with its three tabs (PRTK) or four tabs (DNA). The
Preferences tabs are as follows: General Audio Alerts
 Drop Folder
 Worker (DNA Only)
See the section Changing Preferences (page 35) for more detailed information.

Network License
Information

If you are running PRTK or DNA using a Network License, that information isavailable here.

The View menu contains the following options:View Menu Items
Menu Item

Description

ToolbarShows or hides the Toolbar.

Properties PaneShows or hides the Properties Pane.

(DNA) Priority Groups

Shows or hides the Priority Groups Pane. For more information regarding thePriority Group Panes, see Priority Groups Pane (page 46).

File Properties

Opens the Properties View for the selected job. There are three tabs in this view:
 Information
 Rules
 Passwords/Second(DNA) Workers
Information

Opens the Workers Information View.

Reset Views

Resets the Views to the default settings.

The Tools menu contains the following options:Tools Menu Items
Menu Item

Description

Dictionary Tools

Opens the Dictionary Tools interface, making all dictionary options available.

(DNA) Backup Keys

Creates a backup of the keys necessary for the Supervisor/Worker Communication.

(DNA) Restore Keys

Restores from the backup file the keys necessary for the Supervisor/Worker
Communication.

Getting Started

The Menu Bar| 34

Tools Menu Items
Menu Item

Description(DNA) Stop
Supervisor

Stops the DNA Supervisor service.

(DNA) Start
Supervisor

Starts the DNA Supervisor service.

The Help menu contains the following options:

Help Menu Items
Menu Item

Description

Contents

Opens the PRTK & DNA User Guide.

Online Support

Opens the AccessData Website to the Support Page where you can easily find avariety of AccessData product support information.

Recovery Modules

Opens a view of the up-to-date listing of the Recovery Modules available for thisversion at the time of release.

About PRTK or DNA

Opens a view of the specific version and copyright information for this release of
the product.

Changing Preferences
To access the Preferences page, click Edit > Preferences. You will see four tabs:
General
Audio Alerts
(DNA) Worker
DropFolder

These tabs are covered in detail below:

Getting Started

The Menu Bar| 35

General Tab
The General tab provides the following Recovery Options:

Job Preferences General Tab:

Specifying Recovery Options
You can set default recovery settings to use when processing jobs in the recovery session. By default, theprogram does not automatically decrypt a file after a key is discovered. You can choose to have the key
automatically applied to the file, and you can receive an email when the job is completed. You can configure boththese features in the Recovery Options section of the Preferences form.

Decrypt File When Key Is Found
Allows you to specify a location the same as or different from where the original file was stored when it wasadded to DNA. If saved in the same folder, the word “decrypted” will be appended to the file name.

To automatically decrypt the file after a key is found1.

Select Edit > Preferences. > General.

2.

Check the Decrypt File When Key Is Found box.

3.

Select Save in Same Directory as the Encrypted File, or select Save In and browse to and select thedesired directory.
The directory of the encrypted file is the directory that you added the encrypted file from using the Add
Job Wizard, or the folder you dragged and dropped the file from when you added it to the Job Queue.
You might want to specify a different directory if you want to keep all decrypted files in one location.
Note: After a file is decrypted with a key, the filename is appended with -decrypted: for example, file1decrypted.xls.

4.

Click OK.

Getting Started

The Menu Bar| 36

Saving Decrypted Files Manually
After PRTK recovers the decryption key of a file, you can manually decrypt and the decrypted file will be saved
automatically.
To decrypt a file after recovering the key
1.

In the PRTK window, right-click a job that has a recovered decrypt key.

2.

Select Decrypt from the menu.

3.

Specify where to save the decrypted file.

Send an Email When Job Has Been Completed
Allows you to specify whether to send an email when a job is completed, and to specify the address and detailsof where that email should be sent.

To receive an email after a job is completed
1.

Select Edit > Preferences > General.

2.

Check the Send an Email When Job Has Been Completed box.

3.

In the Email Address field, enter the recipient’s email address.

4.

In the SMTP Server field, enter the name of the SMTP server for the specified email address.

5.

In the Port field, enter the port number.

6.

Click Test to send a test email to verify that the email address and SMTP server information is working.

7.

Click OK.

Important: Sending an email works only with SMTP servers not requiring authentication. For an explanation of
encrypted files, see Understanding Encrypted Files (page 196).

Getting Started

The Menu Bar| 37

Audio Alerts Tab
As shown in the following figure, the Audio Alerts tab provides options to specify a particular sound uponsuccessful password or key recovery, and a different one upon a failed password or key recovery. Select thesound files to use.

Setting Audio Alerts for Successful Recoveries

Getting Started

The Menu Bar| 38

(DNA) Using the DNA Worker Tab
The Worker tab in DNA gives you control over the amount of time the Worker should work before updating its
progress to the Supervisor.
See Determining How Workers Process Jobs on page 82.

Setting Worker Preferences

Getting Started

The Menu Bar| 39

DropFolder Tab
The DropFolder tab gives you the option of setting up a dropfolder for adding jobs. The dropfolder will bemonitored by DNA/PRTK and jobs are processed in the order they are added to the dropfolder. When jobs arecompleted, they will be placed according to the options you selected under the General preferences tab.

Preferences on the DropFolder Tab

In addition to setting up the dropfolder, you can specify the maximum number of files to be processing at thesame time that have been added through using the dropfolder. This number does not include files added either
by drag and drop or by using the Files > Add Files menu or the Add Files button.

How the DropFolder Works
When a file is added to the DropFolder, DNA/PRTK will delete it and move it to the...\PR\data\DropProcessing folder. When a file disappears from the DropFolder, that means DNA/PRTK has
seen it and is adding the job. DNA/PRTK will then identify the file and add the appropriate job (there is no visualprogress indicator for this process and it may take several minutes for the job to appear in DNA/PRTK.
Jobs added via the DropFolder will always use the default profile. It will use whatever attack types you have set
as default, and you have not set a default attack type it will try all possible attack types for the file type. For
example, if you have a manually added a Word doc before, and had selected a Dictionary attack and clicked
Save File Type Defaults, any Word docs added via the DropFolder will only create a Dictionary attack job.
Adding a file to the DropFolder more than once will cause that file to be ignored by DNA/PRTK (as long as a
copy of the file still exists in the ...\PR\data\DropProcessing folder).
Encrypted files that depend on other files for decryption cannot be added via the DropFolder.
Note: If a file is put in to the DropFolder, and an error occur decrypting the file, the file is removed from the
DropFolder and an error is recorded in the PRTK.log file.

Getting Started

The Menu Bar| 40

The Toolbar
The Toolbar provides easy access to various functions in PRTK and DNA.

The PRTK and DNA Toolbar

The following table shows each Toolbar icon and describes its function:

Toolbar Icons and Functions
Toolbar
Icon

Function
Generate a Report for the current recovery session.
Select files to add to the recovery session.

Pause All Jobs. To pause a single job, select one job and right-click. Click Pause.

Resume All Jobs. To resume a single job, select one job and right-click. Click Resume.

Delete All Jobs. To delete a single job, select one job and right-click. Click Delete.

Manage Profiles.

Open Dictionary Tools.

Verify Hashes.

Access Preferences.

Open Help Topics.

Getting Started

The Toolbar| 41

The Job Queue Pane
The PRTK and DNA job queue pane displays the files that are being processed in the current session, alongwith some of their individual file attributes.
The following table describes all columns in the Job Queue pane:

Job Queue PaneGroup

Description

Filename

The complete name of the encrypted file, including the full path to the file and the file extension.

AttackType

The attack type used to decrypt the file. The following are the possible attack types:
 Dictionary Decryption
 Keyspace ResetIf DNA is using either the dictionary or keyspace attack, more specific information is listed about
the type of attack being used.
For more information on the attack types, see Understanding the PRTK & DNA Decryption
Process (page 197).

StatusCurrent status of the Job in the Queue. Possibilities are:
 Running Waiting Depends_on
 Finished

Result

The result of the completed job. An asterisk (*) indicates multiple passwords were found, such as
both Open and Modify, for a single job. Double-click the Job in the Job Queue Pane to see the
Job Properties and Results in more detail.

Job Properties
Double-click or right-click on a job and select File Properties to open the Properties view of the highlighted job
file.
The Job Properties pane contains three tabs:
Information:

Displays file name, file information, job properties, and job results.
Rules:

Displays the percentage of the job Rules that are unassigned, assigned, completed, or failed.
Passwords/Second:

Displays a graph indicating the number of passwords being tried per second. The graph updates every
60 seconds. This setting is not user-configurable.
Comments displayed must be added when the job is added to note specific points of interest for this job. If you
try to add comments to a job that is running, when the screen is refreshed, the comments field is cleared, so
there is no way to save changes made here once the job is added.
The following Buttons are available on all tabs:

Getting Started

The Job Queue Pane

| 42

Apply:

Click Apply to save changes to the Rules tab, specifically when marking or unmarking either
Logarithmic or Automatic Refresh.
Cancel:

Click Cancel to close any dialog without saving.
OK:

Click OK to close the dialog.

Changing Columns Order in the Job Queue Pane
PRTK and DNA allow you to determine in what order the attributes appear in the Jobholder Pane.

Simply click on an column heading and drag it to the left or right until it is in the position you prefer, then release
the mouse button.

Sizing Column Headings in The Job Queue Pane
You can resize the columns in the PRTK or DNA Job Queue Pane.
To resize a column heading, allow the mouse cursor to hover over the separator between column headings until
it changes to a double-arrow. Click and drag a column heading separator until the column width suits you.

Getting Started

The Job Queue Pane

| 43

The Properties Pane
The Properties Pane shows available attributes of the selected file in the Job Window.

The Properties PaneThe following table describes the file attributes listed in the Properties Pane for a selected file:

Properties and Attributes and Descriptions
Attribute Name

Attribute Description

Job Information

Filename

Path and filename of the file

Attack TypeAttack type based on password recovery or decryption method (decryption or dictionary)

ModuleName of password recovery module

ProfileName of profile used with job

StatusStatus of the password recovery process (finished, running, depends on, paused,
waiting)Difficulty

Easy, moderate, or difficult password recovery

Begin Time

Start time of recovery process

End Time

End time of recovery process

Decryptable

Decryption method can be used on file

Result TypeType of result

Results

Results of the password recovery

Comments

Specific comments you entered about the file when adding the job

Getting Started

The Properties Pane

| 44

Properties and Attributes and Descriptions (Continued)
Attribute Name

Attribute Description

File Information

Filename

Path and filename of the file

Type

File type based on analysis of file

VersionVersion of source application based on analysis of file

Size

File size

MD5

MD5 (128-bit) hash of the file contents

SHA-1

SHA (160-bit) hash of the file contents

CreatedDate and time file was created

Modified

Date and time file was last modified

To view more attributes, double-click the selected file. See Monitoring Jobs (page 73).

Getting Started

The Properties Pane

| 45

DNA User Interface
When DNA is installed, there are some additional features, with few differences in the appearance of the User
Interface. For more information regarding configuring DNA, see Managing DNA System Configurations(page 48).
The default management interface is divided into the Priority Groups Pane, the Job Queue Pane, and theProperties Pane.

Priority Groups Pane
The Priority Groups Pane list is used to rank jobs by importance. The list displays the priority groups in DNA andthe percentage of all available resources working on each priority. The priority of an active job can be changed
between High and Normal, however, Waiting and Finished jobs cannot be changed. The following table
describes all groups in the Priority Groups list.

DNA Priority GroupsGroup

DescriptionHigh

The most urgent priority group for jobs in DNA. Jobs classified in this priority group areprocessed according to the order they are added to the group.
By default, 90% of all available resources in the group or DNA system process jobs in the HighPriority group, leaving 10% of resources to continue working on Normal Priority jobs.

NormalThe basic priority group in DNA. Jobs classified in this priority group are processed according tothe order they are added to the group.
By default, 10% of all available resources in the group or DNA system process jobs in theNormal Priority group.

Waiting

The group for jobs that are paused or waiting for another job to complete, or that have timed out.
Jobs move out of this group after their processing is resumed.

Finished

The group that displays all processed jobs.

Getting Started

DNA User Interface| 46

Chapter 4

Configuring PRTK and DNA

This chapter has the following sections:
Managing PRTK Configurations (page 47)
Managing DNA System Configurations (page 48)
Configuring the Management of Hyper-threaded Cores on Workers (page 64)
Configuring Ports to Avoid Conflicts (page 64)
Accelerating Password Recovery using GPU Hardware (page 65)

Managing PRTK Configurations
In PRTK, management tasks include defining Rules, Profiles, and Dictionaries, setting Preferences, andcustomizing the interface. See the following chapters and sections:Recovering Passwords (page 68)
Managing Profiles (page 88)
Managing Password Recovery Rules (page 93)
Using the Dictionary Utility (page 103)
Customizing the User Interface (page 31)

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Managing PRTK Configurations| 47

Managing DNA System Configurations
DNA management tasks include the same tasks as in PRTK, but also include backing up the keys used forcommunication, managing Workers and Groups, and stopping or starting the Supervisor.
This section covers management tasks specific to DNA.

To open the DNA interface
Click Start > Programs > AccessData > Distributed Network Attack > Supervisor.

The DNA Interface

By default, the interface automatically displays Priority Groups, Jobs Queue Pane, and Properties of thecurrently highlighted jobs.
If you make changes to the view you can easily reset it to the default.

To reset the view
Click View > Reset Views.

For information regarding customizing the User Interface, see Customizing the User Interface (page 31).

Connecting To the DNA Service
You might want to connect one supervisor to another to view information from the other supervisor.

To connect to the DNA service
1.

Select File > Connect.

2.

In the Login form, enter the IP address of the DNA Supervisor machine.

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Managing DNA System Configurations| 48

Stopping and Restarting the Supervisor Service
You can stop and restart the Supervisor service. You might restart the Supervisor service to refresh the Workers’
connection with it.

To stop the Supervisor
Click Tools > Stop Supervisor. DNA disconnects from the DNA service.

To restart the Supervisor
Click Tools > Start Supervisor. DNA connects to the DNA service.

Restarting the Worker
You can restart a DNA Worker to re-establish its connection. You might need to restart a Worker if current
statistics are not available in the Workers Information Pane.
Important: Do not restart the Worker if you know it is currently processing jobs. If you restart the Worker while itis processing a DNA job, then the work already completed on the job will be lost.

Restarting the Worker From the Supervisor User Interface
To restart a DNA Worker from the DNA Supervisor
1.

Click View > Workers Information.

2.

Select the Worker you want to restart.

3.

Right-click and select Restart.

Restarting the Worker From the Worker Interface
If the DNA Worker no longer displays in the Workers list and you know that the Worker machine is running, youneed to restart the DNA Worker from its machine. The process differs depending on the operating system theWorker is running on, as explained below.
Note: You must have administrator rights to restart a Worker.

Restarting the Worker from a Windows Worker Machine1.

In the System Tray, right-click the DNA Worker icon

2.

Do one of the following:

and select Open.

Click Restart.
Click Start > All Programs > AccessData > Distributed Network Attack > Worker.

Restarting the Worker from a Linux machine1.

At the command line of the machine, go to the /opt/Accessdata/DNA/Worker directory.

2.

Type ./dna3workerd restart.

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Managing DNA System Configurations| 49

Backing Up and Restoring Keys
During the DNA Supervisor installation, a public and private key pair is generated. This key pair is used when acommunications session is initiated between the DNA Supervisor and a DNA Worker. After the initialcommunication, a session key is created and used to secure communication for the rest of that session.

Backing Up Keys
You can back up the key pair on the Supervisor as a preventive measure against data loss. Backing up keys isalso useful if you need to re-install the Supervisor.
Important: AccessData recommends that you backup the Supervisor Keys to either a network location or aremovable media type. Doing so can save you from having to re-install every Worker if a Supervisor
re-install becomes necessary.
The backup keys can be restored to a Supervisor to maintain the communication with the current DNA Workers.
If you re-install the Supervisor without backing up and then restoring keys, the Workers will be able to connect to
the Supervisor but will not be able to process any jobs. In this case you must reinstall or update all the Workers
before you can again process jobs.
You can use the backup keys for a partial installation of DNA. Before you start the installation, you mustcomplete a partial un-install. If you perform a completely new install, new keys are created.

Backup Keys

To back up the keys
1.

Select Tools > Backup Keys.

2.

Browse to and select the backup location for the keys; then click Select.
The file supervisor.ini is saved to the selected location.

Restoring Keys
You can restore the key pair to the Supervisor if you experience a loss of data.
For example, if the entire system or a DNA Supervisor hard drive is lost, you can install a new version of DNA
and restore the backup keys, assuming the backup was stored on a different system or a removable media type.
As long as the hostname and IP address of the Supervisor remains the same, the Supervisors and Workers do
not have to change any configuration to work with the restored system.

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Managing DNA System Configurations| 50

To restore the keys
1.

Select Tools > Restore Keys.

2.

Browse to and select the supervisor.ini.

3.

Click Select.

Viewing Workers Information From the Supervisor Computer
You can view a list of DNA Workers from the Supervisor computer.

To view the DAN Worker list from the Supervisor computer
1.

Open the Supervisor interface.

2.

Click View > Workers Information.

The following table describes each component of the DNA Worker information page.

DNA Workers Information Screen
Component

Description

Group
Management

You can use groups to manage DNA Workers.
See Managing Worker Groups on page 58.

List filter

You can filter the Workers List to show only the machines within a certain subnet, or only
those Workers that belong to a certain group.
See Filtering the Workers List on page 53.

Hostname

Network recognized hostname of a Worker on the DNA system.

IP Address

IP address of a Worker on the DNA system.

Processors

Number of processors available on this Worker.

Connected

Yes or No, depending on whether the DNA Worker is connected to the Supervisor. Greenindicates a connection, while red indicates that the Worker is unavailable or disconnected.

Last Contact
Time

The last date and time the Supervisor contacted the DNA Worker.

Working On

Name of current job being processed.

Group Name(s)Name(s) of the Group(s) to which this Worker belongs.

Status Bar

At the bottom of the screen you will see information regarding Connection status of the selected Worker. Connected Workers display in green in thelist; non-connected Workers display in red.
 Number of Workers connected vs. total number of Workers in the DNA system.
 Information for the Supervisor these Workers are connected to.
 Time until next refresh.

Viewing Worker Information From the Worker Machine
You can track DNA Worker statistics on each Worker machine. A graphic-based interface is available on DNA
Worker workstations.

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Managing DNA System Configurations| 51

To access the DNA Worker interface on a Windows System
1.

Navigate to the following directory:\%ProgramFiles%\AccessData\DNA\Worker

2.

Double-click Worker.exe.

3.

Click the DNA Worker icon in the Windows system trayon the Worker computer

Accessing the java-based DNA Worker interface on a Macintosh, or Linux machine differs somewhat, as
described below:

To Access the DNA Worker interface on a Macintosh, or Linux Machine1.

At the command line of the machine, go to the following directory:/opt/Accessdata DNA/Worker.
2.

Type the following command:./dna3workerd status

Understanding the DNA Worker Interface
The new DNA Worker interface runs as a Java app, so it is the same on Windows, Linux, or Macintosh
workstations. The following figure shows the DNA Worker interface:

DNA Worker Information Screen

The following table describes each component of the DNA Worker interface:

DNA Worker Information Components
Component

Description

Worker Information
Elapsed Idle Time

Idle time in HH:MM:SS since this Worker was last active.

Connected

Yes or No, depending on whether this DNA Worker is connected to a Supervisor.

Name/IP - Supervisor

Network name/IP address of the connected Supervisor.

Configuring PRTK and DNA

Managing DNA System Configurations| 52

DNA Worker Information Components (Continued)
Component

Description

Name/IP - Worker

Network name/IP address of this Worker.

Working Processors

The number of physical processors on the DNA Worker machine that are
currently working on DNA jobs.

Idle Processors

The number of physical processors on the DNA Worker machine that are notcurrently working on DNA jobs.

Last Supervisor Contact
Time

MM/DD/YY HH:MM:SS of last contact with the Supervisor.

Release Version

DNA installed release version information.

Number of GPUs

Used only for Windows Workers that have GPU support enabled.

Job Information
Task Assigned - Worker
Time

HH:MM:SS Time spent so far on the assigned job or task.

Expected Task
Completion - Worker
Time

HH:MM:SS Estimated time remaining to allow the Worker to complete thecurrent task.

# of Passwords in task

Number of passwords found for this job or task. This number increments as
passwords are found.

Passwords / Second

Current average passwords being tested per second.

Job Name

Job name of current file being processed.

Managing and Monitoring Workers
From the Supervisor interface, you can view and filter the list of Workers. You can also monitor a Worker.
Managing Workers in a DNA System is done, in part, by creating Groups. Some tasks must be managed at theGroup level; others can be managed at the Worker level.
See Managing Worker Groups on page 58.

Filtering the Workers List
The Workers List shows Workers in a DNA system. You can filter the Workers List to show only the machines
within a certain subnet, or only those Workers that belong to a certain group.

To access the Workers Information dialogs
Click View > Workers Information.

To access the Workers List
Click View > Workers Information.

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Managing DNA System Configurations| 53

Viewing Workers Information

As you can see from the following figure, the Groups can be filtered by status: Working, Idle, Connected, and
Not Connected.
The Groups can also be filtered by name: Default, Dictionary, and Trusted are the default groups. You can create
new groups to meet your needs. You cannot delete default groups.

Selecting a Worker Filter

You can update the Workers List on the Filter section of the Edit Groups form. The following table describes theFilter form:

Apply Filter Options
Component
Field

Description
A drop-down list that contains the following columns to sort by:
Name: The computer name of the Worker.
 IP Address: IP address of the Worker.
 Processors: The total number of physical processors on the Supervisor or Worker
machine.


Expression

Enter any regular expression, including the following: Period (.) to match any character.
 Asterisk (*) to repeat the last character.
 Plus Sign (+) to repeat the previous character.
 [x–y] to signify the OR operation, and to specify a range of letters.

AccessA drop-down list of Allow or Deny that corresponds to the entry in the Expression field.

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Managing DNA System Configurations| 54

To filter the Workers List
1.

In the DNA Workers view, click Filter.

2.

Select the Filter to use.

3.

Click Apply. The Worker List is updated according to the filter specifications contained in that group’s
definition.

To clear the filter
In the DNA Workers view, click Clear.

The current filter will be cleared, but not removed from the list.

Monitoring a DNA Worker
You can view detailed statistical and graphical analyses of the performance of each DNA Worker.

To view the Worker status
1.

Select the Workers in the Workers List.

2.

Right-click the selection and choose Properties.
The Properties screen contains three windows organized as tabs, each with a particular focus orfunction. The tabs are labeled Information, Passwords/Second, and Availability. Each tab is discussed
in the following sections.

Note: You can resize the Worker Properties screen if desired.

To close the Properties screen
Click OK or Cancel.

Worker Information Tab
The Worker Information window displays Worker details. The window is divided into categories. One category
relates to the Worker and one category relates to the groups to which that Worker belongs. Each category is
discussed in the following sections.

Worker Information
The following table describes the Basic Information section:

Basic Worker Information
Item

Description

Hostname

The name of the computer where the Worker is installed.

Connected

Yes or No, depending on whether the Worker is connected to the Supervisor.

Processors

The number of internal processors installed in this Worker machine.

Last Contact
Time

The last date and time this Worker had contact with the Supervisor.

Configuring PRTK and DNA

Managing DNA System Configurations| 55

Basic Worker Information (Continued)
Item

Description

ReleaseThe program release and build of the DNA Worker software.

Working On

The filename of the job currently being processed.

Group Information
The following table describes the Group Information section:

Available Group Information
Item

Description

Processors

The total number of physical processors on the Worker machine.

Last Contact
Time

The last date and time the Supervisor contacted the Worker.

ReleaseThe version of the DNA that the machine is running.

Working On

The job name and attack type that the Worker is processing.
This field might be blank if the Worker is not currently processing a job.

Group List

Names of groups to which the Worker belongs.

Change Group
Membership

Opens the Change Group Membership form so that you can quickly add or remove theWorker from the listed groups.
For more information about this form, see “Changing the Group Membership of a DNA
Worker” on page 118.

Restart

Prompts to either restart the Supervisor or Worker or cancel restarting.
You might restart the resource to update its group membership in the DNA management
interface.

Processors

The total number of physical processors on the Worker machine.

Last Contact
Time

The last date and time the Supervisor contacted the Worker.

Available Groups
The Available Groups pane lists groups that this Worker is not currently a member of.

Passwords/Second Tab
The Passwords/Second window displays a graph of the number of passwords per second that are tested forvalidity over a given amount of time on the selected Worker.
The following figure shows the Passwords per Second tab:Configuring PRTK and DNA

Managing DNA System Configurations| 56

Worker Properties Passwords/Second

When viewing the properties of an individual Worker, this graph displays the passwords per second of theWorker for the specified interval. The bottom of the window displays the average number of passwords per
second for the selected time interval.
Password statistics can be misleading because some types of encryption, such as Pretty Good Privacy (PGP),
take more effort to test passwords on than other types of encryption, such as a Zip file. Also, the sameencryption type can contain options that take longer to test. For example, one machine performing 1,000
password tests per second on a PGP disk file is working much harder (or much faster) than another machine
performing 1,000,000 password tests per second on a Zip file.

Availability
The Availability window displays a graph of the time when the Worker is available. The following figure shows
the Availability tab:Configuring PRTK and DNA

Managing DNA System Configurations| 57

Worker Properties Availability

The Availability axis simply depicts whether the resource is available or not; the range of numbers along the axis
is purely for computational purposes. The bottom of the window displays the approximate availability for theselected time interval. The Availability statistics are useful metrics in understanding when the Worker is most or
least available to process jobs. Availability is not con fig ur able.

Managing Worker Groups
Managing Workers in a DNA System is done, in part, by creating Groups. Some tasks must be managed at theGroup level; others can be managed at the Worker level.

Creating a GroupYou can create groups to manage DNA Workers. For example, if a DNA Supervisor manages 30 Worker
machines, you might create three groups of ten Workers, each based on location or processing power. If you
have a job that requires a quicker decryption rate, you can assign it to the most powerful group.
By default, DNA creates three groups:
Default:

Use to process the majority of files. All Workers are assigned to this group.
Dictionary:

Use to process files that only require a dictionary attack.
Trusted:

Use to process ZIP, ARJ, RAR, PGP, Invisible Secrets, and EMF files. You must assign Workers to theTrusted group before DNA can process jobs with the group. For more information, See Changing theGroup Membership of a DNA Worker on page 62.

Configuring PRTK and DNA

Managing DNA System Configurations| 58

TrustedGPU:

Similar to Trusted, but for workers that are using GPU support. For more information, See Accelerating
Password Recovery using GPU Hardware on page 65.
You use the Manage Groups form to create a group.

To create a group1.

In the AccessData DNA Workers View, click Manage Groups.

2.

In the Manage Groups dialog box, click New

Manage Groups.

3.

In the Group Name field, enter the name of the group and click OK.

Configuring PRTK and DNA

Managing DNA System Configurations| 59

Note: You may want to enter a name based on the location of the Workers.

Edit Group Properties

4.

After you create a group, assign Workers to the group using the Filters feature.

Editing a GroupYou can edit an existing group to better suit your needs.

To edit a group1.

Click Manage Groups in the AccessData DNA Workers View.

2.

Select the group that you want to edit from the Manage Groups list and click Edit.
To change the group name, enter the new group name in the field.
To specify the speed at which DNA downloads dictionaries to the Workers, select the type of network

connection for the group and the percentage of connection bandwidth to use.
To apply a filter to the group, click Add and complete the Filter section of the page.

3.

After the changes are complete, click OK.

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Managing DNA System Configurations| 60

You can manage the Groups to help manage the Workers List. The following table describes the Edit Group
Properties dialog:

Edit Group Properties
Component

Description

Properties
Name

The name of the group being edited.

Network Traffic
Restriction

Restricts a group to use only certain network types. Options include:









Bandwidth
Percentage

Unlimited
OC12
OC3
OC1
T4
T3
T2
T1









DSL
2 ISDN B Channels
ISDN B Channel
56k Line
33.6 Modem
28.8 Modem
14.4 Modem

This is a sliding scale from 0 to 100% of available bandwidth that this group isallowed to use.
Definitions of bandwidth terms used above for Network Traffic Restrictions are as
follows (In all cases, a higher number refers to a higher bandwidth capacity): OC1, OC3, OC12: Optical Carrier: OC provides the highest bandwidth, but 12 is
not the highest available.
 T1, T2, T3, T4: Tiered service
 DSL, DS1, DS3: Digital Subscriber Line ISDN, 2 ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network
 POTS: Plain Old Telephone Service: The lowest bandwidth, enough for full duplex
telephone or modem service, such as 56k, 33.6, 28.8, or 14.4 (Okay, that’s oldtechnology, but it is still around.)Filters
AccessAccess to the Supervisor. Options are:
 Include Exclude

ColumnA drop-down list that contains the following columns to sort by:
Name: The computer name of the Worker.
IP Address: IP address of the Worker.
Processors: The total number of physical processors on the Supervisor or Worker
machine.
Group Name(s)Pattern

The pattern to follow, narrowing or broadening the Workers to include in this group.
Options are:

Configuring PRTK and DNAIs
Begins With



Ends With
Contains

Managing DNA System Configurations| 61

Edit Group Properties (Continued)
Component

Description
Once you have made your filter selections in the long text box below the Access,
Column, and Pattern boxes, type the corresponding data that matches your Patternselection, then click Add.
In the Workers List below the filters you have set, you will begin to see the Workers
that match the filter display.
You can do this for the Default, Dictionary, and Trusted groups, and for any custom
groups you create.

Deleting a Group
It is possible that a group you have created in the past may outlive its usefulness. You can delete such a groupeasily.

To delete a group1.

In the Workers List, click Manage Groups.

2.

In the Manage Groups list, select the group that you want to delete and click Delete.

3.

Click Close.
Note: You cannot delete any of the three default groups. You can only delete custom groups.

Changing the Group Membership of a DNA Worker
After you create a group, you can then assign Workers to the group. You might assign a Worker to become amember of a group because you need the machine’s processing power in a group. A Worker can be a memberof more than one group. A powerful machine can be part of several groups to help process jobs more quickly.
If you want to use the default Trusted group for sensitive files, you need to first assign Workers to the group. You
can change group membership on the Change Group Membership form.

To assign group membership to a Worker
1.

Click View > Workers Information.

2.

In the Workers List, right-click the Worker you want to assign or change the Group Membership for andclick Properties.

3.

If the desired group is not already listed in the Current Group Membership list on the left, select thegroup to assign from the Available Groups list on the right, and click the double-arrow button to move itto the Current Group Membership list on the left.

4.

Click OK to save the changes and to close the Worker Properties box.

To remove the Worker from a group1.

In the Current Group Membership list, select the group from which you want to remove the Worker.

2.

Click the right-arrow button to move the unwanted group to the Available Groups list.

3.

Click OK to save the changes and to close the dialog.

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Changing the Supervisor of a DNA Worker
Change the Supervisor assignment for a particular Worker if you install a newer Supervisor, or if you havemultiple DNA systems:

To change the Supervisor of a DNA Worker
1.

In the Worker list, right-click the Worker you want to re-assign and click Change Supervisor.

Changing the Supervisor of a DNA Worker

2.

Enter the IP address of the new Supervisor, or select it from the drop-down list.

3.

Click OK to save changes and close the dialog, or click Cancel to abandon changes and close thedialog.

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Managing DNA System Configurations| 63

Configuring the Management of Hyper-threaded Cores on
Workers
You can manage how DNA workers are configured to manage hyper-threaded cores.
By default, Windows workers do not manage hyper-threaded cores. Instead, DNA allows the Windows

operating system to facilitate work assignments.
By default, Unix, and Mac workers do manage hyper-threaded cores.

For all platforms, you can turn on or off the management of hyper-threaded cores on a given worker by editing
the local worker.ini configuration file.
The worker.ini is installed to the following locations:
For Windows computers, %ProgramData%\AccessData\PR For Unix and Mac computers, /opt/AccessData/DNA/Worker

The switch that turns on the management of hyper-threaded cores is the following:uselogicalprocessors=1
This switch turns on the ability to have DNA manage the hyper-threading for only the worker that has this switch
in the worker.ini file. The presence of the uselogicalprocessors switch will activate DNA management of hyperthreading on the worker.
To turn off DNA management of hyper-threading on a given worker, the entire switch must be removed from theworker.ini file.

Configuring Ports to Avoid Conflicts
To avoid conflicts, ports are now configured automatically and change each session.

Configuring PRTK and DNA

Configuring the Management of Hyper-threaded Cores on Workers| 64

Accelerating Password Recovery using GPU Hardware
About Utilizing Graphics Processing Units (GPU)In order to harness additional processing capabilities to increase performance, you can now utilize a computer’s
graphics processing unit (GPU) as an additional processor. This feature is only available on computers running
Microsoft Windows and that have GPUs with NVIDIA CUDA.
PRTK will automatically detect if GPU acceleration is possible and will utilize the hardware as necessary. No
additional steps are required.
If using DNA, GPU is utilized on the worker, not the supervisor. When you install the DNA Windows Worker, youhave the option to enable GPU support.
See DNA Worker Installation on a Windows Workstation on page 20.
If you use the worker in GPU mode, the software has the following differences:

Comparison of GPU and no GPU
GPU mode

Non-GPU mode

Runs as a process rather than a service

Runs as a service

If the computer is restarted, a user must log into start the process.

If the computer is restarted, the service will auto-start
without a user login.

Using GPU acceleration is transparent on the computer. DNA and PRTK utilize the supported hardware if it isavailable. In the absence of such hardware, CPUs will continue to be utilized to their greatest capacity.
If using Worker groups, there is a new group type named TrustedGPU. See Managing Worker Groups on
page 58.

Jobs that Utilize GPU Acceleration
The following job types currently make use of GPU acceleration:
WinZip9 w/AES128 or AES256 encryption
Microsoft Office 2007 w/Password Encryption
Microsoft Office 2010 w/Password Encryption
Microsoft Access 2010
Microsoft OneNote 2010
Microsoft Project 2010
Microsoft Office 2013 w/Password Encryption
Microsoft Access 2013
Microsoft OneNote 2013
Microsoft Project 2013

See Recovering Passwords on page 68.

Configuring PRTK and DNA

Accelerating Password Recovery using GPU Hardware| 65

The following rules support GPU acceleration:
(ADV-1-01) All one-character, language-specific search(ADV-1-02) All two character, language-specific search(ADV-1-03) All three-character, language-specific search(ADV-1-04) All four-character, language-specific search(ADV-1-15) Six letter, language specific search(ADV-4-01) All six-character, language-specific search(ADV-4-02) Seven letter, language-specific search(ADV-4-03) All seven-character, language-specific search(ADV-4-04) Eight letter, language-specific search(ADV-4-05) All eight-character, language-specific search(ADV-4-06) Nine letter, language specific search(ADV-4-07) All nine-character, language-specific search(ADV-4-08) Ten letter, language specific search(ADV-4-09) All ten-character, language-specific search(ADV-4-10) All eleven-character, language-specific search(ADV-4-11) All twelve-character, language-specific search(BAS-1-01) One digit search(BAS-1-02) One letter, language specific search(BAS-1-03) Two digit search(BAS-1-04) Two letter, language specific search(BAS-1-05) Three digit search(BAS-1-06) Three letter, language specific search(BAS-1-07) Four digit search(BAS-1-08) Five digit search(BAS-1-10) Six digit search(BAS-2-01) Four letter, language specific search(BAS-2-02) Five letter, language specific search(BAS-2-08) Seven digit search(BAS-2-13) Eight digit search

Alternately, one can choose to use the “GPU” profile, whose rules are designed to be accelerated using GPU
hardware. This profile contains all of the aforementioned rules in one easy-to-use profile.
See Managing Profiles on page 88.

GPU Hardware Supported
Any nVidia-based GPU that supports CUDA will assist in the acceleration of password recovery in DNA and
PRTK. Although older hardware can (and will) be utilized, it is generally recommended that devices with CUDA
compute capability 2.0 and higher be used. This will better ensure compatibility with future DNA/PRTK modules
and acceleration techniques.
To optimize GPU acceleration, make sure that you have the latest graphics driver installed.

Configuring PRTK and DNA

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For a full list of nVidia-based GPU acceleration hardware, please reference:https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus

About GPU Acceleration and RDP sessions
GPU acceleration requires direct access to the system's video driver. Therefore, this requires access to an
active user session, not one that has been virtualized via an RDP session.
In other words, GPU hardware will only be made available to processes on Windows if the machine is accessed
via VNC and/or the console, but not RDP. PRTK or DNA Workers launched in a RDP session will not haveaccess to GPU hardware.

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Chapter 5

Recovering Passwords

PRTK and DNA let you add files to recover passwords, monitor recovery jobs, view recovery results, verify
hashes, and print recovery reports.

Recovery Process Overview
You can add files to be recovered by selecting files using program options, or by dragging and dropping files intoeither the Job List Pane or into the DropFolder if you have one defined.
For every file you add to PRTK, at least one “job” is created. For each job, PRTK and DNA analyze the file toidentify which modules to use and the attack types to perform, and to verify the possibility that the files can bedecrypted or the passwords can be recovered.
For certain files, a Module Options dialog displays the options you can select to define the attack options andrecovery settings to use based on the type of file, its version, and the attacks available to be performed on the
file. You can unmark the attacks you don't want performed on each file. For each attack type, a job is created.
Thus, a single file can cause multiple jobs to be created.
Note: Some password recoveries are specialized and require additional steps. See Specialized Password
Recoveries (page 115).
Each job must be associated with a profile, which will be used during the recovery process. A profile defines
details such as the dictionaries and rules to be used in the recovery process.
You can associate your job with the default profile, another included profile, or you can create your own
customized profile.
PRTK or DNA generates the Rules and the necessary attack type(s), adds the job(s) to the list of jobs in the Job
Queue Pane, and displays the job(s) in the View All tab.
PRTK or DNA then creates hash values for the files and performs the recovery process on the added jobs, which
you can pause and resume. You can stop a job by deleting it.
Note: After you start a job, do not move the original files from the original location they were added from, until
after the related job(s) complete.
While jobs are being processed, you can continue to add files. If you have defined a DropFolder, the files added
there do not affect the jobs added manually.

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Recovery Process Overview| 68Best Practices for Adding Jobs
To maintain system performance, AccessData recommends the following:Do not add more than 50 files at one time.
Do not run a job on network drives or folders. Processing files across the network generates a large

amount of network traffic.
Do not add jobs using the PRTK and DNA interface at the same time that you are adding a job using FTK.

This can cause the following types of problems:Dismisses the PRTK/DNA Add Job Wizard prematurely, sometimes adding job that was intended tobe added from the Job Wizard, and sometimes not.
Once the Job Wizard is exited prematurely, it leaves main UI in a grayed out state, still accessible, butdoesn't work quite right.
Can associate the wrong password, with the file that was being added into the interface when Job

Wizard was dismissed, effectively mixing up the jobs that were being added at the same time.

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Adding Jobs
You can add files to be recovered by selecting files, or by dragging and dropping files into either the Job Queue
Pane or into the DropFolder if you have one defined.
When you add a job, the job must be associated with a profile. The original source application doesn’t have to beinstalled on the machine in order for DNA to process the job.
By default, PRTK and DNA include several profiles, some are exclusively for English files. You can associate
your job with the default profile, or you can create your own profile that is more specific to the file that you areworking with. For more information, see “Creating a Profile” on page 72.

Selecting Files
You can add files to be recovered by selecting files.

To select files for a recovery job
1.

Do one of the following:From the Menu bar, select File > Add Files.
From the Toolbar, click the Add Files button.

2.

Browse to and select the file or files you want to add as job(s).

3.

Press Shift+click to select multiple contiguous files. Press Ctrl+click to select multiple discontiguous
files.

4.

Click Add.

5.

PRTK or DNA analyzes the file type and determines which attack types can be performed.

6.

In the Add Job Wizard (Page 1 of 2), select the profile to use on these files for this password recovery
job; then click Next.
See About Profiles on page 88.

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Add Job Wizard Page 1 of 2

After you select a profile, if more than one attack type is available, you are prompted to verify whichattack types to run.

Add Job Wizard Page 2 of 2

7.

(Conditional) In the Add Job Wizard (Page 2 of 2) dialog, select or unselect the module options you
want for each file; then click Finish.

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Note: If this has not been done in the past for the specific file type being added, the dialog will come up.
If this has been done and the Select File Type Defaults button has been marked for thisparticular file type, you may not see this option dialog.
PRTK or DNA generates the recovery process settings for the job and displays an error only if the file
could not be added.

Dragging and Dropping Files
You can add files to be recovered by dragging and dropping files into the Job Queue Pane of either PRTK or
DNA.
Important: The drag-and-drop feature currently does not work if you have the Windows User Account Control(UAC) turned on. You can still add jobs by selecting files, as detailed in the above section.

To drag and drop files into PRTK or DNA
1.

In Windows Explorer, select the file(s) you want to add as a job.
Press Shift+click to select multiple contiguous files. Press Ctrl+click to select multiple non-contiguous
files.

2.

Drag and drop the selected file or files into the Job Queue Pane.

3.

PRTK or DNA analyzes the file type and determines which attack types can be performed.

4.

In the Add Job Wizard (Page 1 of 2), select the profile to use on these files for this password recovery
job; then click Next.

5.

(Conditional) In the Add Job Wizard (Page 2 of 2) dialog, select or unselect the module options you
want for each file; then click Finish.
Note: If this has not been done in the past for the specific file type being added, the dialog will come up.
If this has been done and the Select File Type Defaults button has been marked for this file
type, you may not see this option dialog.

6.

PRTK or DNA generates the recovery process settings for the job and displays an error only if the file
could not be added.

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Monitoring Jobs
After you add a job to the job queue, you can monitor the job in several ways, including monitoring the password
attacks or looking at statistics and graphical analyses of that job.

Managing the Recovery Process
PRTK lets you manage the recovery process of the jobs in the recovery session. This section reviews the tools
you can use to manage the recovery session:

Stopping and Starting the Recovery Session
You can stop or start the recovery session by exiting or opening PRTK. DNA runs the services differently than
PRTK, so exiting the DNA Supervisor does not stop the jobs from running.

To close the session
Select File > Exit.

When you run PRTK again, the recovery jobs in the session appear in the PRTK window.
Note: When recovering passwords, PRTK independently analyzes and tracks the progress of each file.
Consequently, you can close a session before all of the password recoveries are completed and thenopen the session later to have PRTK resume the password recoveries where it left off.

Pausing Job Processing
You can pause recovery processes for all jobs in the recovery session or for selected jobs only.

To pause recoveries for all jobs
Click File > Pause All.

To pause recoveries for selected jobs
1.

Select the job(s) to pause.

2.

Right-click on the selected job(s).

3.

Click Pause.

Resuming Job Processing
You can resume recovery processes for all paused jobs in the recovery session or for selected jobs only.

To resume recoveries for all jobs
Click File > Resume All.

To resume recoveries for selected jobs
1.

Select the job(s) to resume.

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2.

Right-click the selected job(s)3.

Click Resume.

Removing Jobs
You can remove all jobs in the recovery session or selected jobs only.

To stop processing and remove all jobs
Click File > Delete All.

To stop processing and remove selected jobs
1.

Select the job(s) you want to remove.

2.

Right-click the selected job(s).

3.

Click Delete.

Specifying Recovery Preferences
You can set default recovery settings to use when processing jobs in the recovery session. For more information
about setting preferences, see Changing Preferences (page 35).

Displaying Job Properties
You can view detailed statistical and graphical analysis of the jobs in the recovery session.

To view the properties of a job
Do any one of the following:
Double-click a job.
Right-click a job and select File Properties.
Select a job and click View > File Properties.

The Job Properties screen contains three windows organized as tabs, each with a particular focus or function.
Each tab is discussed in the following sections. You can resize the Job Properties screen if desired.

To close the Job Properties screen
Click OK or Cancel.

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Job Information Tab
The Information window displays basic job information and the results of the job processing.

Viewing Job Information

The window is divided into four categories. Each category is discussed in the following sections.

Basic Information
The following table describes the Basic Information section:

Basic Job Information
Item

Description

Name

The job name. Once created and added, this cannot be changed.

Comments

Any comments you entered in the Add Job Wizard, or any commands from the Job Properties
screen. You can also add comments here while the job is running.

File Information
The following table describes the File Information section

Job File Information
Item

Description

Filename

Filename of the job.

Type

Application that the file was created in.

VersionVersion of the file format recognized by PRTK modules.

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Job File Information (Continued)
Item

Description

Size

Size of the file in bytes.

CreatedDate and time that the file was originally created, if available.

Modified

Date and time that the file was last modified.

MD5

MD5 (128-bit) hash of the file data.

SHA-1

SHA (160-bit) hash of the file data.

Properties
The following table describes the Properties section on the Job Information Tab:

Job Properties Information
Item

Description

AttackType

Attack type used for this particular instance of the job.

ModuleRecovery module used for the attack.
The module is based on the combination of file type and the attack type.

ProfileThe profile assigned to the job using the Add Job Wizard.

Status

The status of the job.
The following are the possible states: Depends On: The job is dependent upon the completion and results of another job before it
can start its processing.
 Finished No Passwords Found: The job is completed and no passwords were found.
 Finished password: The job is completed and the password is displayed. If the password
contains a space, <space> displays in the appropriate location, for example, AccessData<space>Corporation.
 Paused: The job is paused.
 Queued: The job is not yet assigned for processing.
 Running: The job is being processed.
 Waiting: The job is dependent upon the completion of, or timeout of, another job before it canstart its processing.

Begin
Time

The date and time that processing began.

End Time

The date and time that processing finished.

Timeout

How long DNA performs the dictionary attack before it times out and begins a different attack.
This is set in the Add Job Wizard, Page 1 of 2, under Timeout. Timeout is only available in DNA.
Note: For very large jobs, it may be best to set the Timeout to No Timeout. Otherwise, it can timeout before the job even gets
added.

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Job Properties Information (Continued)
Item

Description

GroupsThe groups to which the job is assigned. Default group names are:
Default Dictionary Trusted
You can create custom groups according to your needs, or to accommodate add-ons such as
AccessData PORT or Hash Tables.

Results
The Results section displays the passwords and keys that PRTK discovers during the decryption process.
The Results section might have multiple entries even if a password is discovered in the first entry. Some files,
such as Adobe PDF documents and MS Word documents, can have multiple passwords. Even though one
password is discovered, more tests might still be running on lower priority Rules.
The following table describes the Results section.

Job Results Information
ColumnDescription

Type

Either password or key, depending upon what is decrypted first.

Data

The actual password or key that decrypts the file.

Description

The type of password or key that is found. The type is defined by the specific application thatthe file was encrypted in.
The following are possible types: File, User, Owner, Administrator, Assistant, Reader, Definer,
Supervisor, Spare, Possible, Read-Write, Service Website, Field, Write Reservation, Option
Protect, Sheet, Save As, Title, Protection, Transaction, Data Entry, Payroll, Spare User, Pass
Key, and Zip Key.

Found InThe Rule and corresponding dictionary that the password or key was discovered in.

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Job Rules Tab
The Rules tab displays information about the recovery Rules specified in the profile that was selected for that
job. It also displays a graph that illustrates the number of decryption attempts per recovery Rule and theprogress of the attack

Job Properties Job Rules Tab with Logarithmic Display

You can zoom in on the graph to display a greater level of detail. Click the desired region and drag the mouse to
create a rectangle that covers the area you want to see.
The following table describes the information displayed in the Rules tab:

Job Rules Information
Component

Description

Name

The name of the job about which recovery Rule information is displayed.

LegendA color key for the Rules displayed in the graph. The following list describes each Rule: Unassigned: A Rule has not yet been assigned to that job.
 Assigned: The Rule is assigned to be processed.
 Completed: The Rule has completed processing.
 Unassignable: The Rule has been allocated to another resource.
 Failed: The Rule was assigned, but the program did not return the results.

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Job Rules Information (Continued)
Component

Description

Rules

Rules information related to the selected profile. The information categories are as
follows:
 ID: The ID number assigned to the Rule by PRTK or DNA.
 Description: The Rule and corresponding dictionary that the Rule is run on.
If you do not want to process a Rule in the graph, right-click the Rule before it isassigned, and select Skip. A skipped Rule is not processed.
Note: A skipped Rule is immediately marked as 100% complete.
 Percent Complete: The percentage of password or key combinations that have been
tried for that Rule.
 Size: The total number of possible password or key combinations produced by thatRule.

The Rules tab graph can be displayed two different ways. By default, PRTK displays the graph with the
Logarithmic box checked. The graph displays great detail about how many tries are attempted at each recovery
Rule. The graph shows a relative view of the number of tries that are shown so that you can see each attempt ingreater detail.
If you uncheck the Logarithmic box, and then click Apply, a larger-scale graph displays that shows a moregeneral view of the Rule progress. An example of this type of graph is shown below. The non-logarithmic graphdisplays the last few Rules much larger than all the others. This type of graph displays the comparative
relationships between the Rules more accurately.

Job Properties Job Rules Without Logarithmic Display

You can set the view on the Rules tab to refresh automatically, or to manually refresh.

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To change the Refresh setting
1.

Do one of the following:
Mark the Automatic Refresh box to have this screen update itself automatically.

This setting deactivates the Refresh button.
Unmark the Automatic Refresh box to disable automatic refresh and activate the Refresh button.

2.

Click Apply to save your changes.

3.

Click OK to close the entire Properties dialog.

Passwords/Second
The Passwords/Second window displays a graph of the number of passwords per second that are tested forvalidity over a given amount of time on the selected job. The bottom of the window displays the average numberof passwords per second for the selected time interval

Job Properties Passwords/Second Display

Password statistics can be misleading because some types of encryption, such as PGP, require more effort andtime to test passwords than other types of encryption, such as a Zip file. Also, the same encryption type cancontain options that take longer to test.
For example, one machine performing 1,000 password tests per second on a PGP disk file is working muchharder (or much faster) than another machine performing 1,000,000 password tests per second on a Zip file.

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Printing Recovery Reports
You can print reports containing file information for jobs in the Job Queue Pane. Job reports are generated in.PDF format.

Generated Recovery Report

Reports contain file attributes information, including filename, registered type, identified type, size, file version,
created, modified, and hash values (SHA and MD5). For information on attributes, see Displaying Job Properties(page 74).

To print a recovery report
1.

Select File > Generate Report.

2.

Browse to the location for saving the report.

3.

Give the report a name.

4.

Click Generate.

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Managing Jobs in DNA
The following additional options and tasks are available for managing jobs in DNA that are not available in
PRTK.

Allocating Resources for a Job
You can allocate the percentage of DNA Workers in a Supervisor group that works on a particular job. By default,
DNA automatically divides the number of jobs between the available processors on all the machines in the
Supervisor group.

Determining How Workers Process Jobs
You can determine the amount of data sent to each Worker so that the Worker machines don’t receive more thanthey can handle.
After the DNA Worker program is installed on a machine, DNA detects its processing power. DNA sends
appropriate amounts of data based on the power of each machine. You can specify the chunk size for sending
jobs to a Worker.
By default, DNA Workers always use a low-priority thread on the machine to process jobs. However, you canchoose to have Workers process jobs only when the machines are idle. DNA determines a machine is idle if themouse and the keyboard aren’t being used on the machine.
You can configure the amount of time a worker should work before notifying the supervisor of the progress ofthat worker.
You can change the job processing setting for all Workers in the DNA system or only for Workers subordinate toa particular Supervisor.
Note: You cannot change the job processing setting for DNA Workers running on Windows 98 or ME machines.

To specify when Workers process jobs
Select Edit > Preferences. > Worker Tab

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Worker Preferences

Chunk size is the amount of the password set or keyspace the Supervisor sends to the Worker,
anticipating what the Worker can process in the amount of time allotted.

To change the process duration
1.

Slide the bar to the right to increase the number of minutes, or to the left to decrease the number ofminutes.

2.

Click OK.

Changing the Priority Group of a Job
You can change the priority group assigned to a job. The priority group determines which jobs are processedwith greater resources.
DNA has two priority groups: High and Normal. You might change the assigned priority group to High if you want
the job to be processed more quickly. Or change the priority group to Normal if you want to place a different job
or jobs in High priority status.

To change the priority group of a job
1.

In the Priority Groups list, select the job that you want to change.

2.

Right-click and select Priority Group.

3.

Choose High or Normal.

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Copying Recovered Passwords to the Windows Clipboard
You can copy the list of recovered passwords to the Windows clipboard. This can be useful for creating a list of
known passwords for other uses. For example, if you are using AccessData Forensic Toolkit (FTK), you can use
this list to decrypt files in your FTK cases.
The passwords are copied in text format, one password per line.

To copy recovered passwords to the clipboard
1.

Complete at least one password recovery job.

2.

In the toolbar, click theicon.
The passwords are copied to the Windows clipboard.

3.

Open a text editor and paste the list into a file.

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Opening Files Using Recovered Passwords and Keys
Manually Decrypting Files with a Password or Key
After DNA discovers a password or key for an encrypted file, it displays the password or key in the Results
section of the Job Properties screen, shown below. You must then apply the password or key to decrypt the file.

Job Properties Showing Multiple Passwords

Saving Decrypted Files Manually
After PRTK recovers the decryption key of a file, you can manually decrypt and save the file.
To manually decrypt a file after recovering the key
1.

In the Job Queue pane, right-click a job that has a recovered decryption key.

2.

Select Decrypt from the menu.

3.

Specify where to save the decrypted file.

Decrypting with a Key
You can choose to decrypt an encrypted file with a key on a file-by-file basis. You might decrypt a file individually
because you want to closely manage the content of the decrypted file.
You can also choose to have DNA automatically decrypt the file after the key is discovered. For more
information, see Changing Preferences (page 35).

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Copying a Recovered Password to the Clipboard
After PRTK or DNA recovers a password, you can copy the password to the clipboard to use when opening thefile in its original application, if it is installed on the recovery computer.

To copy a recovered password to the clipboard
1.

In the PRTK or DNA Job Queue pane, right-click a job that has a recovered password (listed in the
Results column).

2.

Select Copy password to clipboard from the menu.

3.

Run the original application, and when prompted for the password, click in the Password field and press
Ctrl-v to paste the recovered password from the clipboard.

Opening a File with a Recovered Password
After PRTK or DNA recovers a password, you can open the file in its original application from within PRTK or
DNA.
Note: To open a file, the application in which the file was created must be available. For example, to open an
Excel file, you must have Microsoft Excel installed on the computer.

To open a file with a recovered password from within PRTK or DNA
1.

In the PRTK or DNA Job Queue pane, right-click a job that has a recovered password (listed in the
Results column).

2.

Select Open with default Application from the menu.

3.

When prompted for a password, press Ctrl-v to paste the recovered password from the clipboard.

For an explanation of encrypted files, see Understanding Encrypted Files (page 196).

Multiple, Spare, and International Passwords
In some recoveries, PRTK and DNA recover multiple passwords, spare passwords, or passwords withinternational characters.

Multiple Passwords
In some recoveries, PRTK and DNA might recover multiple passwords. For example, for system files, PRTK or
DNA might recover the access passwords for multiple users. For FTP program files, PRTK or DNA might
recover the login passwords for multiple FTP sites.
In some cases, a single file might have multiple passwords with different rights associated with them. For
example, one password could open the document, and another might be required to modify the document.

Spare Passwords
In some recoveries, PRTK might not recover the original password that was used to lock the file, but might
recover a “spare.” The spare password can consist of a string of numbers or a combination of alphanumericcharacters.

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For example, when performing a password recovery using the Paradox module, PRTK recovers a password thatis a string of numbers. This string of numbers acts just like a spare key to your car or home; it unlocks the
document even though it is not the original password.
To open a file that has a spare password, type the recovered password. If the recovered password does notunlock the file, please contact AccessData support.

International Passwords
PRTK and DNA have been used successfully to recover passwords for documents created in other languages,
including Arabic, French, German, Italian, and Spanish.
When recovering passwords containing Extended ASCII or Unicode characters, PRTK displays password
characters using the Microsoft Sans Serif font. Before opening a file, you need to determine the Alt keystrokes toenter for the password when opening the file.

To recover a password that has international characters
1.

After recovering a password with international characters, open the Windows Character Map by clicking
Start > Programs > Accessories > System Tools > Character Map.

2.

Select the Microsoft Sans Serif font.

Important: Make sure you are using the correct font. PRTK and DNA use Microsoft Sans Serif, not MS Sans
Serif.
3.

In the lower-right corner of the window, find the Alt- keystrokes necessary to enter the character code.

4.

Open the file and, when prompted for the password, enter the Alt- keystrokes for the character code
displayed in the Microsoft Sans Serif character set.
Note: When entering Alt- keystrokes, make sure NUM LOCK is on. Hold down ALT; then, using thenumeric keypad, type 0 (zero) followed by the character code number.

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Chapter 6

Managing Profiles

About Profiles
Before a job can be processed in PRTK or DNA, it must be added to an existing profile. A profile is a collection of
specific rules, dictionaries, and other settings that are pertinent to a category of encrypted files.
PRTK and DNA share the same profile names.

Default Profiles
The following details the default profiles installed with PRTK and DNA, and a description of each.

Default Profiles
Profile Name

Description

ArabicBegins by searching for simple passwords, followed by dictionary and permutateddictionary searches, and ends with complex searches for dictionary and computed
password. All default Arabic dictionaries and character sets are used.

DNA (DNA only)

Rules in this profile are ordered by research conducted on recovered passwords. Rules
that can complete in five days or less are processed first, followed by Rules that takelonger than five days to process (based on a job processing 200,000 passwords per
second on one Worker).

English (default)

Begins by searching for simple passwords, followed by dictionary and permutateddictionary searches, and ends with complex searches for dictionary and computed
passwords. All default English dictionaries and character sets are used.

European

Begins by searching for simple passwords, followed by dictionary and permutateddictionary searches, and ends with complex searches for dictionary and computed
passwords. All default German, French, Italian and Spanish dictionaries and character
sets are used.

FTK - Word List
ImportUsed as a template for FTK imported word lists

Pass-phrase

Uses all pass-phrase Rules in English

GPU

Contains rules that are designed to be accelerated using GPU hardware.
See Accelerating Password Recovery using GPU Hardware on page 65.

Managing Profiles

About Profiles| 88Default Profiles
Profile Name

Description

PRTK (PRTK
only)

Rules in this profile are ordered by research conducted on recovered passwords. Each
Rule completes in 24 hours or less based on a job processing 200,000 passwords per
second.

RussianBegins by searching for simple passwords, followed by dictionary and permutateddictionary searches, and ends with complex searches for dictionary and computed
password. All default Russian dictionaries and character sets are used.

Setting a Default Profile
You can set any profile as the default profile. Every job added to the PRTK system is assigned to the default
profile unless you select a different profile for a job when it is added.

Managing Profiles

To set a default profile
1.

Select Edit > Profiles.

2.

In the Manage Profiles list, select the profile that you want to set as the default, and then click Set As
Default.

Creating a Profile
You can create profiles specific to the files or cases with which you are working.
For example, if you have a collection of encrypted files from a case that has documents in both English andArabic, then you can create a profile that includes only English and Arabic dictionaries. When PRTK or DNA
processes the files, it only runs the selected rules on the selected dictionaries. This limiting process speeds up
the decryption process for your files, and increases the likelihood of success.

Managing Profiles

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The DNA Profile Definition Pane

You can use the New Profile pane to name the profile and select the languages, character groups, dictionaries,
and rules to include in the profile. Some selections are made by default, but they can be changed. You must givethe profile a name before clicking OK, or you will be prompted to do so.
The following table describes the Profile window:

New Profile Options
OptionDescription

Description

Information about the profile, including the name and any comments about the specific profile
you are creating.

Languages

PRTK and DNA can process encrypted files in the following languages:Managing Profiles

ArabicEnglishFrenchGermanItalianRussian
SpanishDefault Profiles| 90New Profile Options (Continued)
OptionDescription

Character
GroupsBy default, Lowercase Letters, Uppercase Letters, Digits, Symbols, and Diacritics arechecked.
 The character selections do not affect the dictionaries.
 Lowercase Letters: uses only lowercase letters to generate passwords.
 Uppercase Letters: uses only uppercase letters to generate passwords.
 Digits: Searches for numbers.
 Symbols (Standard): Searches for symbols from the keyboard, such as the plus sign (+) or
the dollar sign ($).
 Symbols (Extended): Searches for symbols from the character tables, such as the Em
dash (—) or the Yen (¥).
 Diacritics: Searches for symbols, such as the tilde (~) or the circumflex (^) combined withletters.
 All 7-bit Characters (ASCII): Searches for any ADCII characters. This box includes all
characters listed above it.
 All 8-bit Characters: Searches for any ASCII and Extended ASCII characters. This box
includes all characters listed above it and the Extended ASCII characters.

Dictionaries

The following dictionaries are included in PRTK. Dictionaries end with the .ADF or .XML or.XML extensions. Each dictionary includes both a code page (-c.ADF) and a Unicode (u.ADF) version.
You can also create additional dictionaries from a forensic image. For example, you cancreate dictionaries from the word list from FTK.

Rules

The password Rules that PRTK applies to dictionaries. The Rules are run in the order you list.

To create a profile1.

Do one of the following:Select Edit > Profiles > New to create a new profile from a default template.
Select Edit > Profiles > New From Selected to use a selected profile as a template.

2.

In the Name field, enter the name of the profile. Without a profile name, the profile will not be saved.

3.

In the Comments field, enter any comments that might be helpful to others working on the case, suchas “Use this profile for files in Case 1.”
Note: It is recommended that you add comments to indicate the purpose of the profile, or some otheruseful or necessary information, whatever it may be. The contents of the Comments field can beedited at any time using the Profile Editor screen.

4.

Check the languages to include.

5.

Check the character groups to include.

6.

Check the dictionaries to include.
The dictionaries are checked by default according to the languages that you specify in Step 4. You can
add more dictionaries that are relevant to your encrypted files.
To aid in the selection process, you can press Shift-Alt when clicking one dictionary and all related
dictionaries will be selected (or cleared). For example, there may be four dictionaries that have a type of[DE-1]. If you press Shift-Alt while you click one, then all four are selected (or cleared).
6a.

Click Select All or Deselect All.

Managing Profiles

Default Profiles

| 91

7.

Check the rules to include.
To change the order of a rule, select one or several rules; then click Move Up or Move Down.
To aid in the selection process, click Select All or Deselect All.

8.

Click Save > Yes.

9.

The *.profile file will be saved to the following folder:%systemroot%\documents and settings\all users\application data\
accessdata\PR\Profles\.

Editing a Profile
You can edit any of the information that you originally specified when you created a profile. You might edit a
profile if you want to change the order of the password rules or to add another dictionary that you have recently
created. Edit a profile on the Manage Profiles screen.

To edit a profile
1.

Select Edit > Profiles.

2.

In the Manage Profiles list, select the profile to edit and then click Edit.

3.

Modify the desired options in the profile form.

4.

(Optional) Check the dictionaries to include.
To aid in the selection process, you can press Shift-Alt when clicking one dictionary and all related
dictionaries will be selected (or cleared). For example, there may be four dictionaries that have a type of[DE-1]. If you press Shift-Alt while you click one, then all four are selected (or cleared).

5.

Click OK, and then Close.
Note: You cannot change the name of the profile on this screen. If you enter a new profile name, thenanother profile with the same name as the profile that you are editing is added to the Manage
Profiles list.
For more information about each option, see Creating a Profile (page 89).

Important: Editing a rule and then applying the changed rule to an existing profile requires you to open and savethe existing profile. Any profiles that are created after a change to a rule will have the new rules
applied.

Deleting a Profile
You may choose to delete a profile if you no longer need its specific collection of Rules and Dictionaries. You candelete a profile on the Manage Profiles screen.

To delete a profile
1.

Select Edit > Profiles.

2.

In the Manage Profiles list, select the profile that you want to delete and then click Delete.

3.

Click Yes to confirm the deletion.

Managing Profiles

Default Profiles| 92Chapter 7

Managing Password Recovery Rules

You can customize the password recovery rules that PRTK and DNA use in their file decryption. You cancustomize the rules either by creating a new rule or changing the rule order so that the time required to decrypt afile is decreased.

Understanding Rule Categories
Rule ordering (the arrangement of rules when creating new profiles) started with rules of the fewest amounts ofpassword tests and ended with rules of the greatest amount. Profiles are then created to reflect the rule order,
with the idea that rules with the fewest tests (attempts) would complete first, in the least amount of time for eachof the profiles created.
Several rules use the Markov permutation. These rules include words with phonemes that sound like English
words; the words themselves, however, are actually meaningless.
If you select a rule that is language-specific and the profile contains a dictionary that cannot use the specific rule,
PRTK and DNA simply do not generate any words from that rule. For example, if you have a profile that contains
an Arabic dictionary and you select the Markov rule, PRTK does not apply the Markov rules to the Arabic
dictionary because the Markov rules currently support only the English language.
Rules are ordered by a combination of the number of password tests and the types of password attacks. The
label Basic (BAS), Advanced (ADV), or Pass-phrase (PP) is prefixed to the rule name according to the number
and types of tests they perform. Some language-specific rules may fall into Basic Rules according to size, but
are labeled as Advanced because of the choice of character groups that can be applied to a given profile. Eachrule has a prefix composed of a category, followed by an intensity, followed by an ID. For detailed information onrules, see Rules (page 176).

Default Rule Order
PRTK and DNA rules are arranged in a specific order by default. This order can be changed by the user. For atable listing the default rule order, see Default Rule Order (page 176).

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Understanding Rule Categories| 93

Modifying the Password Rule Order
PRTK uses many different password rules to filter potential passwords through various permutations. The rules
progress through the Golden Dictionary automatically, and subsequently all other selected dictionaries from the
top of the list to the bottom. For a table that contains all password rules, see (page 172).
You can change the order of the password rules to increase the speed of password recovery. For example, if you
know the password is in English and contains three characters, you can move the “All Three-letter Languagespecific Passwords Search” rule to the top of the Rules list.
You change the order of the password rules within a profile. You cannot automatically change the password ruleorder for all profiles.
To change the password rule execution order for a profile
1.

Select Edit > Profiles.

2.

Select the profile that you want to change, then click either New, New From Selected, or Edit. To
create a new profile using an existing profile as a template, be sure to change the name of the profile
you are editing before you save it.

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Understanding Rule Categories| 94

Profile Editor

As you create or edit a profile, be sure to consider each of the following steps:
3.

In the rules list, select the rule that you want to move, then click either Move Up or Move Down.
One click moves the rule one place. Click the button as many times as needed to set the rule order.
You can move more than one rule, but only one at a time.

4.

Mark the check box next to any rule(s) you wish to use; unmark the check box for any rule(s) not to use.
Because there are many rules, you can simplify this process by clicking Select All, and unmarking theones you don’t want, or by clicking Select None, then marking the ones you do want.
Note: The check marks tell the program which rules to use, not the execution order of the rules.

5.

Click OK. The updated profile is saved and appears in the Manage Profiles List.

6.

Click Close to close the Manage Profiles box.
Note: If you change the properties of a profile, such as modifying the rule order, the new changes are
not applied to current jobs in the PRTK system. The changes are applied only to new jobs thatare added.

Understanding a User-defined Rule
You can create a user-defined rule to facilitate the decryption process for a file or set of files. You might create apassword rule that combines dictionaries or adds certain prefixes or postfixes that might be relevant to the files.
To use the password rule, you must then add it to a profile.

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Understanding Rule Categories| 95

Creating a User-defined Rule

Use the Rule Editor to create or edit a rule. The types listed on the right side column of the Rule Editor are thebuilding blocks for creating a rule. Types are different ways that characters or words are permutated. Types andthe information that you specify about the types are used to create rules.

The Rule Editor

One rule can have multiple types. For example, you can create a rule that combines words created by two
different types, as seen in the graphic above.
In this example, the Lowercase type creates a lowercase word set of an English dictionary (en-u.adf). The
Romanize type uses the words in an Arabic dictionary (ar-u.adf) to create a word set of Arabic words re-writtenwith English letters. The Concatenate type then combines the two word sets created by the Lowercase andRomanize types to create a single word set.

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Understanding Rule Categories| 96

Important: A word set is any series of words. Some word sets are stored in dictionaries, which are saved in(.ADF) files to your hard drive. It’s available for use in multiple profiles and multiple sessions. Other
words sets are not saved. For example, the Lowercase word set is generated by PRTK when the rule
is applied, but the resulting word set is stored just in memory as the rule is being used.
Although you can combine types to create one rule, each type within the rule must ultimately point to a word set.
The type uses the word set as its source to create a derivative word set.
In the example above, the Lowercase type uses an English dictionary as its source of words. The type applies its
function of displaying all letters in the dictionary in lowercase letters. It then creates a new word set of lowercase
English words.
The example above uses only English and Arabic dictionaries. However, you should generally create a userdefined rule that contains all dictionaries to increase the versatility of the user-defined rule. You can then specify
the appropriate dictionaries in each profile.
The available basic word sets are:Characters
Dictionary
MarkovWords (An exported word list from a forensic case, or from any other source)Golden Dictionary

Each word set and all available types can function either as sources or source modifiers.
A source is a word set or dictionary from which PRTK and DNA draw words.

Available Word Sources and Descriptions
SourceDescription

Character(source)A word set based on a fixed-length sequence of characters. The character word sets are
created from the languages specified in the profile.
For example, you have created a profile that only uses the Spanish language. If you
create a user-defined rule that contains the Character type, the character word set
consists of only Spanish characters.
If you select the Character type, you must enter the desired number of characters in theappropriate field, and you must check the character groups that you want to include.

Dictionary(source)A word set that is associated with a language. The entire set is tagged as codepage or
UTF16-LE.
Typically, when you create a user-defined rule, you only select this type when you needto specify a word set. This type doesn’t perform any permutations of characters or words.
If you select this type, you must select the dictionary from the Dictionary drop-down list,or select that dictionary in the Profile.
Generally you should create a user-defined rule that contains all dictionaries to increase
the versatility of the user-defined rule. You can then specify the appropriate dictionaries
in each profile.

Markov (source)

The word set uses statistical Markov methods to create words with phonemes that soundlike English words; however, the words themselves are actually meaningless.
This is the only type that uses the Threshold field. The threshold number determines how
many times any combination of letters must appear in a database table of all English
words. If the combination of letters meets the threshold, then the letters are used tocreate words in the word set.
A high threshold generates a relatively small number of words. A low threshold
generates a large number of words.

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Understanding Rule Categories| 97

Available Word Sources and Descriptions
SourceDescription

Words (Source)

Words to be used with the modifiers. Type each word, or copy and paste a list of words.
Each word must be followed by a hard return so it is on its own line in the list.

GoldenDictionary(source)A word set that is not associated with a language and consists of previously discovered
passwords. Each password is included in both code page and UTF16-LE.
Typically, when you create a user-defined rule, you only select this type when you needto specify a word set. This type doesn’t perform any permutations of characters or words.

A modifier is a word set that affects the source word set.

Available Modifiers and Descriptions
Modifier

Description

Group (modifier)

A collection of types and their descriptions.
Use the Group type to save a collection of types to apply to other user-defined rules.

Leet Speak (L33t
5p34k)A substitution rule that makes such changes as '3' for 'e', '0' for 'o', '$' for 's', etc. It goes
through all possible substitutions on a word, instead of just one. Example: with the baseword 'password', Leet will make p@ssword, p@$$word, p@ssw0rd, pa$$w0rd, etc.
Whereas the current substitution rule will only make p@ssword, pa$$word, passw0rd(i.e. never more than one substitution type per word.)

Case
Permutations

Takes one input rule and goes through all possible permutations of upper and lower
case.

TertiaryWorks similar to Primary and Secondary, but it only does two permutations per word.
The first time it toggles the case of all letters of the input word. The second time it puts
the input word in title case (first letter upper case, all the rest lower case).

Arabic on English
Keyboard(modifier)Transforms Arabic words typed on an English keyboard into English words that might bepasswords. The words are created according to the key location on the keyboard.
For example, this type replaces the letter “shin” in Arabic with the letter “a” in English
because they have the same location on a keyboard. The new English words arecompletely meaningless.
If you select this type, you must create a subordinate Character, Dictionary, Golden
Dictionary, or Markov type.

Arabicize(modifier)Uses a word from any non-Arabic language and replaces the letters in the word with thecorresponding letters in the Arabic alphabet; “alif” replaces “a” for example.
If you select this type, you must create a modifier.

Concatenate(modifier)Combines words from different word sets. This type takes one word from one word set
and places it next to one word from another word set.
For example, if one word set consists of dog and the other word set consists of cat, theConcatenate type creates “dogcat” and “catdog.”
If you select this type, you must create two subordinate Character, Dictionary, Golden
Dictionary, or Markov types.

English on Arabic
Keyboard(modifier)Transforms English words typed on an Arabic keyboard into Arabic words that might bepasswords. The words are created according to the key location on the keyboard.
For example, if you’ve memorized a password by keystroke, the password will be thesame between different keyboards.

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Available Modifiers and Descriptions (Continued)
Modifier

Description

English on
Russian Keyboard(modifier)Transforms English words typed on an Russian keyboard into Russian words that might
be passwords. The words are created according to the key location on the keyboard.
For example, if you’ve memorized a password by keystroke, the password will be thesame between different keyboards.

Insert (modifier)Places each word of one word set into all possible positions for each word in anotherword set. For example, if the word set consists of dog and cat, the Insert type creates
cdogat, cadogt, catdog, and so on.
If you select this type, you must create a subordinate Character, Dictionary, Golden
Dictionary, or Markov type.

Lowercase(modifier)Uses an existing word set to create another word set that is all lowercase letters.
If you select this type, you must create a subordinate Character, Dictionary, Golden
Dictionary, or Markov type.

Multi-slot(modifier)

Allows multiple passwords on one file. This type is only used for the DriveCrypt andDriveCrypt Plus Pack.
If you select this type, you must create a subordinate Character, Dictionary, Golden
Dictionary, or Markov type.

Primary (modifier)Uses a word set and performs the following for each word in that set:
Lowercased Uppercased
 Lowercased with the first letter uppercased Uppercased with the first letter lowercased
If you select this type, you must create a subordinate Character, Dictionary, Golden
Dictionary, or Markov type.


Reverse (modifier)Uses a word set and reverses each word in the set.
If you select this type, you must create a subordinate Character, Dictionary, Golden
Dictionary, or Markov type.

Romanize(modifier)Uses Arabic words and replaces letters according to the sounds of English letters.
If you select this type, you must create a subordinate Character or Dictionary type. If
you select the Character type, the profile must include the Arabic language. If you selectthe Dictionary type, you must select an Arabic dictionary.

Russian on
English Keyboard(modifier)Transforms Russian words typed on an English keyboard into English words that might
be passwords. The words are created according to the key location on the keyboard.
For example, if you’ve memorized a password by keystroke, the password will be thesame between different keyboards.

Secondary(modifier)Uses a word set to create another word set of both lower- and uppercased words.
If you select this type, you must create a subordinate Character, Dictionary, Golden
Dictionary, or Markov type.

Two Uppercase(modifier)Uses a word set and creates another word set that uppercases one and two letters at atime for each word.
If you select this type, you must create a subordinate Character, Dictionary, Golden
Dictionary, or Markov type.

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Creating a User-Defined Rule
You can use the Rule Editor form to create a user-defined rule. In doing so, until you are comfortable with theprocess, you might want to put on paper what you want to accomplish, then work backwards on your paper list
as you create the rule from the top down. Notice the shaped icons to the left of each item type in the column on
the right. The shapes indicate which items fit with other items as you combine them.

Using the Rule Editor

The following table describes the Word Set options at the bottom of the Rule Editor form:

Word Set Options and Descriptions
OptionDescription

Type

The basic unit of a user-defined rule. You can select multiple equal or subordinate
types per rule.

Dictionary

The available dictionaries. You only use this drop-down list when you select a
Dictionary type.
Generally you should create a user-defined rule that contains all dictionaries toincrease the versatility of the user-defined rule. You can then specify the appropriate
dictionaries in each profile.

Number ofCharacters

The number of characters to include in a character word set. You only use this field
when you select a Character or Markov type.

Threshold

The number of times a combination of letters must be found to include it in the Markov
word set. You use this field only when you select the Markov type.

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Understanding Rule Categories| 100

Word Set Options and Descriptions (Continued)
OptionDescription

Character Groups

The following are specific character groups to use in the Character word set:
All 7-bit Characters (ASCII): Searches for any ASCII characters. This box includes
all characters listed above it.
 All 8-bit Characters: Searches for any ASCII and Extended ASCII characters. Thisbox includes all characters listed above it and the Extended ASCII characters.
 Digits: Searches for numbers.
 Lowercase Letters: Searches for lowercase letters.
 Uppercase Letters: Searches for uppercase letters.
 Diacritics: Searches for diacritics, such as the tilde (~) or the circumflex (^).
 Symbols (Standard): Searches for symbols that are available on a standard keyboard, such as the plus sign (+) or the dollar sign ($).
 Symbols (Extended): Searches for symbols from the ASCII character set, 0-255.
Use this list only if you select the Character type.


To create a user-defined rule1.

Select Edit > Rules > New.

2.

Enter the name of the new user-defined rule.
You might name the rule according to its function, such as Combine Arabic/English words.

3.

Build the rule using the Sources and Modifiers available.

4.

Refine the rule based on the Sources and Modifiers selected.

5.

To add an additional type at the root rule, select the rule name and then click Add.

6.

To remove any type in the hierarchy, select the type in the Hierarchy window and click Remove.

7.

Click OK. Click Cancel if you do not want to save the information you entered on the form.

Editing a User-defined Rule
You might want to edit a user-defined rule to increase the effectiveness of the rule. You can modify any of theinformation that you specify when you create a new rule, such as the rule name and the types used in the rule.

To edit a user-defined rule1.

Select Edit > Rules.

2.

In the User-defined Rules screen, select the rule that you want to modify and then click Edit.

3.

Enter the new information in the Rule Editor form.

4.

Click OK.
Click Cancel if you do not want to save the information you entered on the form.

Important: Editing a rule and then applying the changed rule to an existing profile requires you to open and savethe existing profile. Any profiles that are created after a change to a rule will have the new rules
applied.

Removing a User-defined Rule
You might delete a user-defined rule if you no longer need its functionality in the files that you are processing.
You delete a rule on the User-defined Rules form.

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Understanding Rule Categories| 101

To delete a user-defined rule1.

Select Edit > Rules.

2.

In the User-defined Rules screen, select the rule that you want to delete.

3.

Click Remove > Yes.

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Understanding Rule Categories| 102

Chapter 8

Using the Dictionary Utility

PRTK and DNA use dictionaries to identify possible passwords. You can create, import, and browse thedictionaries.
Note: After you create or import any dictionary, you must add the dictionary to a profile. For more information,
see Editing a Profile (page 92).

Dictionary Basics
PRTK and DNA use dictionaries to discover the passwords that decrypt files. The dictionary attacks employ thedefault dictionaries included with the product as well user-defined biographical and other custom user
dictionaries.
PRTK and DNA automatically store recovered passwords in a single file referred to as the Golden Dictionary.
This file contains all recovered passwords (in both code page and Unicode) from all PRTK jobs. The Golden
Dictionary is automatically created after PRTK recovers its first successful password.
Biographical dictionaries contain personal data, such as dates or phrases, significant to the person who createdthe password. Most passwords used with general applications contain some information about the person who
locked the file. Therefore, creating a dictionary that contains personal data on the person in question increases
the probability that you can recover the password.
User dictionaries contain key phrases or words that are associated with the investigation but not with the person
who locked a particular file.
Note: To create a user dictionary, enter one word per line in a standard text editor such as Notepad. Each term
must be separated with a hard return.
PRTK and DNA support dictionaries in Arabic, English, French, German, Italian, Russian, and Spanish. All
dictionaries for both programs are stored by default in[drive]:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\
AccessData\PR\Dictionaries.
During a dictionary attack, PRTK and DNA use the information in the selected profile to create variations,
permutations, and combinations of the biographical and user dictionaries. Additionally, it uses phonetic
alterations, adds prefixes or suffixes, and substitutes characters.

Using the Dictionary Utility

Dictionary Basics| 103

By default, PRTK and DNA use the following dictionaries in this order:
1.

The Golden Dictionary

2.

Biographical dictionary/As-is dictionaries

3.

Those specified in the profile

Using the Dictionary Utility

Dictionary Basics| 104

PRTK & DNA Dictionary Utility
Dictionaries are an optimization tool used for password recovery. By using dictionaries, specific candidate
passwords are tested before the more general ones. This utility creates a variety of custom dictionaries for use
with both PRTK and DNA.
Make backup copies of word lists and dictionaries before using this utility. Once a dictionary has been modified
or deleted, there may be no way to recover it.

Starting the Dictionary Utility
Use the Dictionary Utility to create or modify several types of dictionaries.

To start the Dictionary Utility
1.

Start either PRTK or DNA.

2.

Click Tools > Dictionary Tools.

3.

From the AccessData Dictionary Import Utility screen that appears, click Dictionary Tools.

4.

Select which tool to use.

The following table lists tools can be accessed from the Dictionary Tools menu, and their functions. Each iscovered in more detail in this chapter.

Available Dictionary Tools
Tool

Function

Dictionary Browser

Provides a way to view the words in each dictionary, or to delete a particular
dictionary or dictionaries.

Dictionary Info

Provides a way to see the specific details about a dictionary, such as thedictionary type, encoding, language, word count, and a description.

Biographical Dictionary
Generator

Builds dictionaries of candidate (possible) passwords from a collection of
biographical details and from combinations of the biographical data entered.

Pass-phrase Dictionary
Generator

Builds dictionaries from a phrase file and by using sub-phrases from the phrase
file.

Permutation Dictionary
Generator

Builds dictionaries from a wordlist file and by using permutations of words fromthe wordlist file.

Standard Dictionary
Generator

Builds custom dictionaries using a wordlist file. The Standard Dictionary
Generator is the default window that appears in the AccessData Dictionary ImportUtility

Golden Dictionary Merge

Merges two golden dictionaries into a single golden dictionary. It also converts
golden dictionaries from PRTK and DNA into the current golden dictionary format.

When completed successfully, the dictionary tool generates both Code-page and a Unicode format dictionaries
that you will find in the following directory:

Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\ AccessData\PR\Dictionaries

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PRTK & DNA Dictionary Utility| 105

Browse Dictionaries
The Browse Dictionaries tool provides a way to view the contents of a dictionary, or to delete a dictionary. Use
the mouse to select a dictionary file from the list of those found in the current directory.
When you select a dictionary, click View Entries to see a window containing a scrollable list of thedictionaries entries.
Use the scroll bar to move up or down the list. When you select a dictionary and click the Delete button, aconfirmation dialog opens to make sure you really want to delete the file.
Important: You cannot recover a deleted dictionary. Be careful when deleting!

Dictionary Information
The Dictionary Information tool provides a way to view details about an AccessData dictionary. The interface isdivided into two different areas: the Dictionaries list and navigation controls and the Details panel.
The navigation controls allow you to navigate your hard disk to the dictionaries that you have. Selecting a
dictionary in the navigator displays the details for that dictionary in the details panel below. The navigator windowshows only dictionary files and directories. Each dictionary file entry shows the filename, type, word count, andthe date the file was last modified.
The Details Panel shows the following information:

Detailed Dictionary Information
Information

Description

Encoding

Codepage indicates a standard 8-bit character encoding; UTF-16LE indicates a 16-bit littleendian encoding. Only these encodings are supported at this time.

Language

The special vocabulary and usages of a scientific, professional, or national group.

Word CountThe number of words the dictionary actually has as counted by the Dictionary info tool.

Description:

An explanation of the selected dictionary’s contents, if one was entered when the dictionary
was created.

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PRTK & DNA Dictionary Utility| 106

Standard Dictionary Generator
The Standard Dictionary Generator tool provides a way to create standard dictionaries from a source list ofwords. You can enter the full path or browse to the source word list file. Once a file has been selected, theremainder of the controls will become available.

Generating a Standard Dictionary

A source word list is provided in a text file where each word is separated from the others by a hard return. You
can use a phrase in place of a word since the tool does not try to separate the provided text, except at carriage
returns.
Under the dictionary settings the language for the dictionary as well as the type of characters that occur in the
dictionary can be specified. By unchecking one of the character types, that character type will be filtered from thephrases added to the dictionary.
The tool filters character types as shown in Table , “Standard Dictionary Settings,” on page 107, below:

Standard Dictionary Settings
Dictionary
Settings

Description

Language

Choose the language in which to generate the dictionary.

IncludeCheck to Include, or uncheck to exclude the following character types:
Letters: Alphabetic characters used to compose words. These include letters withdiacritic marks and any other type of composed character used to construct words.
Digits: Numeral characters (0–9).
Symbols: Symbol characters. These include punctuation and non-alpha or digit
characters, but do not include the diacritic marks used for composed characters.
Diacritics: The special characters used in composed characters. If letters are included
but diacritics are not, then the base letter will be preserved.

Using the Dictionary Utility

PRTK & DNA Dictionary Utility| 107

Use the word settings shown in Table , “Standard Dictionary Word Settings,” on page 108, below, to further
refine your dictionary:Standard Dictionary Word Settings
Word Setting

Description

Restrict Length

If the check box to restrict the length is checked, then the maximum length of each word,in characters can be specified. The permutation will be truncated to the specified length
regardless of the resulting number of words that will remain in the generated
permutation.
Options:
 Minimum word length Maximum word length

Normalize Text

Standardizes all words in lowercase format.

Sort entries &removeduplicates

Sorts all entries in the word list and removes duplicates to minimize search time.

When the dictionary generation is successfully completed, two dictionaries will have been created, one each forUnicode and Codepage encodings.

Biographical Dictionary
The Biographical Dictionary tool creates dictionaries using personal data such as dates or phrases about thesuspect.

Biographical Dictionary Data
Since people use passwords that are easy to remember, the passwords often take the form of something
meaningful to the person creating the password.
Just as a homeowner might invest in a high-quality door lock and then hide a key under the doormat, a computer
user might install sophisticated encryption technology and then use glaringly obvious passwords:
Names, dates, phone numbers, and addresses
Birthdays, anniversaries, or other significant dates
Interests and hobbies
Pets, celebrities, family
Favorite books, movies, songs, poems
Social Security Numbers

You can also glean valuable personal details for the biographical and user dictionaries by evaluating the physicalevidence at an investigation site.
Often the routine clues—sticky notes, phone number lists, date books, electronic lists (perhaps in a file named“passwords” on a hard drive or floppy disk), entries on a Palm Pilot/Pocket PC, or even a file on a thumb drive or
the Compact Flash card in a digital camera—offer valuable information.

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Hiding places can range from the most ingenious to right out in plain sight. Be careful not to overlook theobvious.
The following can provide valuable clues at a crime scene:Books and magazines
Photographs
Calendars, day planners, and personal organizers
Notes and mail, including e-mailParaphernalia

In addition, reconstructing the alleged crime or using related evidence found at the scene can give theinvestigator clues which can be leveraged in the biographical dictionary. Additional clues can be observed by
how the evidence interacts, how the suspect uses digital media, or how the times are related to evidence andevents.
To understand how evidence relates to the crime, the investigator must evaluate the geographic location ofpeople and computers as well as any communication or transactions that occurred between them.
For example, in a fraud investigation involving thousands of people and computers, understanding where eachparty was located and how they interacted can reveal important information about the biography of the criminal.
Sorting the financial transactions of individuals or organizations can also reveal patterns of behavior.
By observing the evidence at a scene and reconstructing the actions performed by the subject, you can create amore effective word list to be used in generating the biographical dictionary.

Using the Biographical Data Tab

You can enter words or numbers in the Word field, such as the name of the individual that you are creating thedictionary about and the birthdate.
The Data drop-down menu lists the following types of personal information:

Biographical Dictionary Data: Defined Personal Information Types


Name



ZIP Code

Number

AddressCountry



Word



City



Phone Number

Phrase



State



Date

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PRTK & DNA Dictionary Utility| 109Any combination and arrangement of the information you can think of will make your biographical dictionary
more effective. Make every guess you can at a subject’s password, and enter as many versions of the guess as
you can.
You can use a variety of different formats to enter numeric information, such as phone number and date. For
example, you can enter a phone number as 111.222.3334 or 111–222–3334. Enter as many different formats as
you can think of.

To create a biographical dictionary
1.

Select Tools > Dictionary Tools > Dictionary Tools > Biographical Dictionary Generator.

2.

Click the Biographical Data tab.

3.

In the Data drop-down list, select the type of personal data to enter.

4.

Type the personal data into the Word field, then click Add, or press Enter.
To remove a word and its type from the Word list, select the word and click the Remove button.

5.

Click the Generator tab to create a dictionary based on the Word list, then specify your dictionary andword settings.

6.

Select one of the following:Click More Settings to see all available options.
Click Fewer Settings to close the options field.

7.

When you have finished adding your word list and specifying settings for this dictionary, click Generate,and enter the name of the biographical dictionary.

Using the Biographical Dictionary Generator Tab

The biographical dictionary is automatically added to the list of dictionaries in PRTK in codepage (-c), Unicode (-u), and as-is (-xml) formats.

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Pass-phrase Dictionary Generator
A pass-phrase is a password phrase composed of some number of consecutive words from a provided source
phrase. The tool generates all phrases from two words up to the configuration length specified in the userinterface by working through the source phrase from start to finish. Source phrases are provided to the tool in atext file where each phrase is separated from the others by a hard return.

To create a pass-phrase dictionary
1.

Select Tools > Dictionary Tools > Dictionary Tools > Pass-phrase Dictionary Generator.

2.

Click More Settings to open the Dictionary Settings and Phrase Settings view.

Using the Pass-Phrase Dictionary Generator

3.

Make your Dictionary Settings and Phrase Settings selections based on the information in the tables
below.

4.

When you are satisfied with the settings you have selected, click Generate, and name your dictionary.

Use the Dictionary Settings to specify the language and character types to use in generating this dictionary,according to the information in the following table:

Pass-phrase Dictionary Settings
Dictionary
Settings

Description

Language

Choose from thirty languages that PRTK/DNA has dictionaries for, according to what willproduce the most likely useful results.

IncludeCheck to Include, or uncheck to exclude the following character types to be included in
the Pass-Phrase:
Letters: Alphabetic characters used to compose words. These include letters withdiacritic marks and any other type of composed character used to construct words.
Digits: Numeral characters (0–9).
Symbols: Symbol characters. These include punctuation and non-alpha or digit
characters, but do not include the diacritic marks used for composed characters.
Diacritics: The special characters used in composed characters. If letters are included
but diacritics are not, then the base letter will be preserved.

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Use the Phrase Settings to narrow or broaden your pass-phrase dictionary contents as described in the following
table:

Pass-phrase Settings
Setting

Description

PhraseComposition

Specify the maximum number of consecutive words to use for each generated phrase. If
the requested number of words is more than the total number of words in the source
phrase, then the entire source phrase will be used.

Generate Subphrases

For each phrase in the list, Generate

Restrict Length

Specify the number of characters to include in each phrase. This is deactivated bydefault.
If checked, you can specify the maximum length of the phrase in characters. The
generated phrase will be truncated to the specified length regardless of the resulting
number of words that will remain in the generated phrase.

Normalize Text

Standardizes all words in lowercase format.

Sort entries &remove duplicates

Sorts all entries in the word list and removes duplicates to minimize search time.

Permutation Dictionary Generator
A permutation is simply some combination of words from a specified source list where each word is used once inthe resultant sequence. This tool will generate all possible permutations from one to the number of words
specified as the configuration in the user interface.

To create a Permutation dictionary
1.

Click Tools > Dictionary Tools.

2.

Click Dictionary Tools > Permutation Dictionary Generator.

3.

Click More Settings to open the Dictionary Settings and Word Settings view.

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Creating a Permutation Dictionary

4.

Make your selections from the available Dictionary and Word settings, according to the tables below.

5.

When satisfied with your selections, click Generate.

This tool provides a way to create dictionaries of the various permutations, or ordered combinations of a source
list of words. If you have a source word list file, you can enter the full path or browse to the file. Once a file has
been selected, the remainder of the controls will become available.
Use the Dictionary Settings for the following tasks:

Permutation Dictionary Settings
Dictionary
Settings

Description

Language

Choose from thirty languages that PRTK/DNA has dictionaries for, according to what
will produce the most likely useful results.

IncludeCheck to Include, or uncheck to exclude the following character types to be included in
the Pass-Phrase

Letters

Alphabetic characters used to compose words. These include letters with diacritic
marks and any other type of composed character used to construct words.

DigitsNumeral characters (0–9).

Symbols

Symbol characters. These include punctuation and non-alpha or digit characters, but
do not include the diacritic marks used for composed characters.

Diacritics

The special characters used in composed characters. If letters are included but
diacritics are not, then the base letter will be preserved.

You can use a phrase in place of a word since the tool does not try to separate the provided text, except at
carriage returns. In a source word list each word is separated from the next by a hard return in a text file saved in
UTF-8 or Unicode format.
You can specify the language for the dictionary as well as the type of characters that occur in the dictionary
under the dictionary settings. By unchecking one of the character types, that character type will be filtered fromthe phrases added to the dictionary.

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Use the Word Settings to narrow or broaden your permutation dictionary contents as described in the following
table:

Permutation Dictionary Word Settings
Setting

Description

Permutation
Composition

Specify the maximum number of consecutive words to use for each generated phrase. If
the requested number of words is more than the total number of words in the source
phrase, then the entire source phrase will be used.

Restrict Length

Specify the number of characters to include in each phrase. This is deactivated bydefault.
If checked, you can specify the maximum length of the phrase in characters. The
generated phrase will be truncated to the specified length regardless of the resulting
number of words that will remain in the generated phrase.

Normalize Text

Standardizes all words in lowercase format.

Sort entries &removeduplicates

Sorts all entries in the word list and removes duplicates to minimize search time.

Merge Golden Dictionaries
Two dictionaries are needed in order to perform a merge: a source and a target.
The source dictionary can be either a 5.x or 6.x golden dictionary, while the target dictionary must be a 6.x
golden dictionary.
When you click the merge button, the contents of the source dictionary are written into the target dictionary.

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Chapter 9

Specialized Password RecoveriesThis chapter reviews the steps required to perform specialized password recoveries using PRTK and DNA.

Recovering Login Passwords
PRTK and DNA can recover the user login password from Windows NT 4.x, 2000, and XP, and Vista systems.
For Windows NT 4.x, 2000, and XP, these passwords are located in the SAM file and System file found in thefollowing directory:[drive]:\Windows_directory\system32\config\
Windows locks the SAM file and system file, so they cannot be directly accessed through the operating system.
Use FTK Imager to access these files.

Accessing the SAM File and the System File
You can access the SAM file and the System file in the following ways:
Using FTK Imager

FTK Imager bypasses the Windows operating system, allowing you to copy the Windows-locked files.

The only potential problem is that if the SAM file and System file are being written to during the copy
operation, you may get a corrupted copy. For instructions on using FTK Imager to obtain the necessary
files, see Recovering Login Passwords on Windows 2000 and XP Systems (page 118).
Using FTK with an existing image.

Extract the SAM file and the System file from the[drive]:\Windows_directory\system32\config\
directory and save them to a temporary folder on the password recovery hard drive.
Follow steps 7 and 8 under Recovering Login Passwords on Windows 2000 and XP Systems (page 118).
If you are not using FTK Imager and you do not have an image, boot your computer from a boot disk andcopy the SAM file and the System file from the system drive.
For more information on how to obtain the necessary files using a boot disk, see Recovering Passwords
Using a Boot Disk to Access the Files (page 119).

Recovering Login Passwords from Windows NT
When the source of the password files is Windows NT (not NT 4 SP3 or later), you must perform the password
recovery on a Windows 2000, XP, or Vista system, after you obtain the SAM file and the System file.

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To obtain the SAM file and the System file on a Windows 2000, XP, or Vista system
1.

Copy the SAM file and the System file to a temporary medium to transfer them to a machine with theappropriate operating system.

2.

Run PRTK or DNA.

3.

Select Edit > Add Files, and then browse to and select the SAM file, or drag and drop the SAM file into
the PRTK or DNA Window.
The Add Job Wizard (Page 1 of 2) opens. Select the Profile, Worker Group(s), Priority Group, andTimeout After settings to use for this job.

Add Job Wizard (Page 1 of 2)

4.

Click Next.

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Add Job Wizard (Page 2 of 2)

5.

In the Add Job Wizard (Page 2 of 2), under Module Options, click in the check boxes under each user’s
name, next to the attack types you wish to run for each user. Unmark the check boxes for jobs listed
under users whose information you do not need.
Below the attack types box you will see a Browse button next to a box that should be filled with the pathand filename for the System or the Startkey file that matches the user and the system the SAM file is
from.

6.

Click Browse to automatically open the same folder the SAM file was added from.

7.

Select the appropriate System file or syskey file, then click Open.

8.

The startkey field in the Add Job Wizard (Page 2 of 2) should now be populated with thecorrect information.
9.

Click Finish.

10. PRTK and DNA analyze the SAM file and System file and recover the login password. Since there canbe multiple users in the SAM file and the System file, each with a unique password, multiple SAM filejobs may be added to the job list—once for each user found and selected and each attack type chosen
for each user selected.

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Recovering Passwords from Win 9x Files
PRTK and DNA can recover passwords from PWL files. PWL files are specific to Windows 9.x systems and are
typically located in the [drive]:\Windows directory. They contain user-specific passwords for items such as thefollowing:Mapped drive passwords
Dial-up networking passwords
Secure website login passwords

Important: PRTK and DNA do not run on Windows 9.x systems. You cannot recover PWL files directly from theirnative environment. You must copy them to a Windows XP, 2003 or Vista system.
A separate PWL file exists for each user on the current system. The actual filename is an 8.3 derivative of theuser’s login name (for example, roy.pwl or elizabet.pwl).
To determine the user’s login name, check the system.ini folder in the Windows directory. The system.ini folder
lists the login names of every user on the current system.
After you have determined the user’s login name, you can drag and drop the PWL file into the PRTK or DNA Job
List pane. When PRTK or DNA attempts to recover the passwords in the PWL file, it prompts you for the user’s
login name. PRTK or DNA then retrieves the passwords within the file.

Recovering Login Passwords on Windows 2000 and XP Systems
On Windows NT 4 SP3 and later, Windows 2000, and Windows XP systems, PRTK and DNA must first have theSAM file and the appropriate System file before it can find the login passwords in the SAM file and System file.
By default, the syskey is stored locally in the System registry file located in the[drive]:\Windows_directory\system32\config\
directory. The syskey is a utility that encrypts the hashed password information in a SAM database using a 128bit encryption key.
Important: If the syskey is stored in the System registry file, it cannot be directly accessed because, like theSAM file and System file, Windows keeps it locked. Otherwise, the syskey could be stored on a
floppy disk.

To extract the SAM file and the System file from a live non-PRTK or DNA password recovery
computer
1.

Install FTK Imager on the local hard drive, or copy the files from a system where it is installed to a thumbdrive and connect that to the live system you want to extract the SAM file and the System file from.

2.

Run FTK Imager.

3.

In the toolbar, click the Obtain Protected Files button

4.

Under Options, choose one of the following according to your needs:
Minimum files for login password recovery
Password recovery and all registry files

5.

Specify the location to save the extracted files to.

6.

If you have a thumb drive, a portable drive, or a network directory available, save the files to a new
folder there so you can take them to the system where you will be doing the password recovery.

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Recovering Login Passwords

| 118

7.

Click OK to close the dialog and run the extraction.

8.

When the extraction is complete, close FTK Imager.

9.

Connect the portable drive to the recovery computer, and copy the files to the hard drive where PRTK or
DNA is running.

For information on processing the extracted or collected files, see Processing the Protected System Files in
PRTK or DNA (page 119).

Recovering Passwords Using a Boot Disk to Access the Files
When your computer boots to a removable disk, the operating system runs in memory and the files on theremovable disk are locked. This allows you to successfully copy the Registry files from the hard drive.

To boot your computer from a boot disk and copy the system Registry file1.

Restart the computer with a boot disk that is able to read your system drive.
If the system drive is a FAT partition, you can use a Windows 98 boot disk. If the system drive is an
NTFS partition, you must use a Linux or NTFSDOS boot disk.

2.

After booting to the boot disk, go to the3.

Copy the SAM file and System file to another location, such as a floppy disk or a network directory.

4.

Restart the computer normally.

[drive]:\Windows_directory\System32\config\ directory.

Processing the Protected System Files in PRTK or DNA
To add the previously obtained SAM file and System file as jobs in PRTK or DNA
1.

Add the SAM file to PRTK or DNA.
If the System file is stored in the same folder as the SAM file, and your recovery is running on thesame machine as the source files, will be read and referenced automatically.
If the Protected System Files have been obtained from another machine, add the SAM file, and you

will be prompted on the second page of the Add Job Wizard for the location of the System file; itdoes not need to be added as a separate job.

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Recovering Login Passwords| 119

Add Job Wizard (Page 1 of 2)

2.

Specify the module options.

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Recovering Login Passwords| 120

Add Job Wizard (Page 2 of 2)

3.

Click Browse to specify the location of the System or the startkey.key file.
If the System file is on a hard drive or a network drive, browse to and select the System file to add it

to the Available Attacks For This File dialog.
If the computer requires a floppy disk to authenticate, select the startkey.key file from the floppy. If

you do not specify the syskey, use the syskey for the local machine.

Note: Without a valid System file or startkey.key file, the password cannot be recovered.

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Recovering Passwords from the Windows Registry
The Windows registry is essentially a set of data files that Windows uses to control hardware, software, user
information, and the overall functionality of the Windows interface.
Registry files are particularly useful for password recovery because they contain usernames and passwords for
programs, email, and Internet sites. For recovering login passwords, see Accessing the SAM File and the
System File (page 115).

Recovering Passwords from the Current Registry
PRTK and DNA can retrieve passwords other than Windows user passwords for the following from the current
machine’s live Windows registry:
Internet Explorer Content Advisor
Windows 9x/Me Screen Saver

To recover the password, export the System file to a machine running PRTK or DNA.
PRTK and DNA do not recover screen saver passwords on Windows 2000 or XP systems. However, you canrecover screen saver passwords on these systems using the SAM file and System file attack, because thescreen saver password is the same as the user’s login password. For more information, see Accessing the SAM
File and the System File (page 115).

Locating Passwords from the Registry Protected Storage Area
PRTK and DNA can recover the following from the protected storage area of the Registry:
Outlook and Outlook Express passwords
Internet Explorer text fields, such as passwords, emails, and user names submitted online in text fields

The following table identifies the registry files required to recover these passwords on each operating system:

Required Registry Files According to Operating System
Operating System

File

Windows NT/2000/XP[drive]:\Documents and Settings\user\ntuser.dat

Windows 9.x system with one
configured user

[drive]:\Windows_directory\ System

Windows 9.x systems withmultiple configured users[drive]:\Windows_directory\Profiles\ user\user.dat

Because Windows locks these registry files they cannot be directly accessed through the operating system.

To access the Registry files
If you are using FTK Imager, export the file.

FTK Imager bypasses the Windows operating system, allowing you to copy the file underneath theWindows file lock. The only potential problem is that if the file is being written to during the copy
operation, you might get a corrupted copy.

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Recovering Passwords from the Windows Registry| 122If you have an image, extract the file from the file directory.
If you are not using FTK Imager or if you do not have an image, boot your computer from a boot disk andcopy the file from the system drive.

To boot your computer from a boot disk and copy the ntuser.dat or user.dat file1.

Restart the computer with a boot disk that is able to read your system drive.
If the system drive is a FAT partition, you can use a Windows 98 boot disk. If the system drive is an
NTFS partition, you must use a Linux or NTFSDOS boot disk.

2.

After booting to the boot disk, go to the associated file directory.

3.

Copy the file to another location, such as a thumb drive or a network directory.

4.

Restart the computer normally.

Performing the password recovery
After you obtain the ntuser.dat, System, or user.dat file, you can perform the password recovery as follows:
1.

Start the recovery job. In PRTK or DNA, select File > Add Files and then select the file, or drag anddrop the file into the PRTK or DNA Window.

2.

Specify the module options.

3.

Select the profile to use.

PRTK and DNA analyze the file and recover the Outlook or Outlook Express password and the Internet Explorer
text fields.

Recovering AOL Communicator Account Passwords
AOL Communicator Account Passwords are encrypted in .pref files. The keys needed to decrypt the .pref files
are contained in the keyS.db file, which is protected by the master password. To recover these passwords,
PRTK and DNA do a dictionary attack on the keyS.db file. After the master password is recovered, the .pref
files can be decrypted.

To recover an AOL Communicator account password
1.

First recover the master password from keyS.db in

2.

Then recover the .pref files in[drive]:\Documents and Settings\username\Application Data\NSS PKI Store\AOL[drive]:\Documents and Settings\username\Application Data\AOL Communicator.

Recovering AOL Instant Messenger Passwords
AOL Instant Messenger Passwords are stored in the storage area of the registry, located in the user’s

ntuser.dat file.
To recover an AOL Instant Messenger password
1.

Obtain the user’s ntuser.dat file.
To access the protected storage area of the registry, see Locating Passwords from the RegistryProtected Storage Area (page 122).

2.

Add the ntuser.dat file to the PRTK or DNA job queue.

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Recovering AOL Sign-on Passwords
For AOL versions 8.0 and 9.0, sign-on passwords (including guest logins) are encrypted in the main.idx file:[drive]:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\AOL\
C_America Online version\idb\main.idx.
For AOL 9.0 Security Edition, sign-on passwords are encrypted in the SNMaster.idx file:[drive]:\Documents and Settings\All Users\ Application Data\AOL\
C_America Online version\ idb\SNMaster.idx.
To recover an AOL Sign-on Password, you need the volume serial number of the C: drive. If there is no C: drive,
AOL does not use the volume serial number and PRTK and DNA can immediately recover the sign-on
passwords.
If you are running PRTK or DNA on the original computer, the serial number is automatically found.
If you are using FTK Imager, you can find the serial number in the Properties window. Once you know thevolume serial number, enter it in the Module Options dialog in PRTK or DNA.
If no volume serial number is supplied, PRTK or DNA begins a keyspace attack.

Recovering MSN Messenger Login Passwords
MSN Messenger Login passwords are recovered differently, depending on the Windows operating system.
Note: To recover an MSN Messenger Login password, the user must have selected the Remember Password
option for the system to store this information.

Recovering MSN Messenger Login Passwords on Windows 95/98/ME
On Windows 95/98/Me systems, the password is obscured in the registry.
Important: PRTK and DNA do not run on Windows 9.x systems. Therefore, you cannot recover these passwords
in their native environment. You must copy them to a Windows 2000, XP, or Vista system.

To recover an MSN Messenger login password on a Windows 95/98/ME computer1.

Obtain the user’s ntuser.dat file.
To access the protected storage area of the registry, see Locating Passwords from the RegistryProtected Storage Area (page 122).

2.

Copy the file to a machine running PRTK or DNA.

3.

Add the ntuser.dat file to the job queue.

Recovering MSN Messenger Login Passwords on Windows 2000
On Windows 2000 systems, the password is encrypted in the registry. Before the password can be decrypted,
the EFS master key files must be cracked.

To recover an MSN Messenger login password on a Windows 2000 computer
1.

Recover the Windows login password from the SAM file and System file.

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| 124

2.

Copy the EFS master key files from[drive]:\Documents and Settings\username\Application Data\
Microsoft\Protect\ user_SID.
3.

Add the ntuser.dat file to the job queue.

Note: When using FTK 2.x in conjunction with PRTK or DNA, you must export the EFS master key file, alongwith any other EFS-related keys from the FTK case and add them as jobs in either PRTK or DNA.
PRTK or DNA then performs an EFS attack to obtain the login password. Since FTK2.x and either PRTKor DNA should not be installed on the same machine, exporting the files and moving them to the PRTK or
DNA Supervisor machine is the only way to accomplish EFS file decryption.
Further, when running FTK 1.x, there is an option to do an Advanced EFS attack. Use this option witheither PRTK or DNA installed on the same machine with FTK 1.x, and FTK will transfer the files to PRTKor DNA automatically. The FTK and the PRTK or DNA programs must use the same dongle on the samemachine to support this integrated functionality.

Recovering MSN Messenger Login Passwords on Windows XP
On Windows XP systems, the password is encrypted in the user’s credential file. The credential file cannot be
decrypted until the EFS master key files are cracked.

To recover an MSN Messenger login password on a Windows XP computer
1.

Recover the Windows login password from the SAM file and System file.

2.

Copy the EFS master key files from [drive]:\Documents and Settings\
username\Application Data\Microsoft\Protect\ user_SID.

3.

Perform the password recovery on the credential file in[drive]:\Documents and Settings\[username]\Application
Data\Microsoft\Credentials\[user_SID]\Credentials.
Note: When used in conjunction with PRTK or DNA, FTK sends PRTK or DNA the EFS master key file,along with any other EFS-related keys. The EFS attack is then performed to obtain the login
password. FTK and PRTK or DNA must be running on the same dongle on the same machine tosupport this integrated functionality.

Recovering Netscape .W and .S Files
Netscape .W and .S files store sensitive user information such as credit card numbers and website passwords.
They are encrypted with a key stored in the key3.db file in the same directory[drive]:\Documents and Settings\[username]\Application Data\Mozilla\
Profiles\default\directory.slt\).

To recover Netscape .W and .S files
1.

Recover the master password from key3.db.

2.

Recover the Netscape .W and .S files.

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Recovering QuickBooks Passwords
PRTK and DNA use different recovery strategies for QuickBooks, depending on the version.

Recovering Passwords on QuickBooks 2003 or Later
PRTK and DNA reset the file passwords for QuickBooks 2003 and later.

To open a file recovered from QuickBooks 2003 or later
1.

Open the recovered file in QuickBooks.

2.

Enter a blank password when prompted.

Recovering Passwords on QuickBooks 2002 or Earlier
PRTK and DNA use a decryption attack to recover the file passwords for QuickBooks 2002 or earlier.

To open a file recovered from QuickBooks 2002 or earlier
1.

Open the recovered file in QuickBooks.

2.

Enter the recovered password when prompted.

Recovering Yahoo! Messenger Login Passwords
Yahoo! Messenger Login passwords are stored in the protected storage area of the registry located in the user’s

ntuser.dat file.
To recover a Yahoo! Messenger login password
1.

Obtain the user’s ntuser.dat file.
To access the protected storage area of the registry, see Locating Passwords from the RegistryProtected Storage Area (page 122).

2.

Perform the password recovery.
Note: You can also use FTK to recover Yahoo! Messenger chat logs.

Recovering WinZip Archive Files
WinZip versions 6.0 through 8.1 have a security flaw in their encryption algorithm. By using a divide-andconquer attack called the “WinZip Superfast Attack,” AccessData is able to exploit this flaw to recover files fromarchives created with these versions of WinZip.
The WinZip Superfast Attack is not a standard key space attack. It breaks the key space down much more
quickly than a linear key space because it intelligently narrows down the zip keys, effectively processing a trillion
keys per second.
After the WinZip Superfast Attack recovers the zip keys, it attempts to recover the original password byperforming a dictionary attack of passwords up to seven characters.

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If Decrypt file when key is found is marked in the Preferences dialog, PRTK and DNA decrypt the file using thezip key. The program then saves the file as [filename]Recovered.zip in the directory designated in the
Preferences dialog. The recovered file can be opened without a password.
However, if the files contained in the .zip file are passworded or otherwise encrypted, they must be added to
PRTK or DNA as additional, separate jobs. For more information on configuring the PRTK or DNA decryption
options, see Specifying Recovery Preferences (page 74).
Note: WinZip 9.0 files are encrypted with the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) algorithm and therefore
cannot be recovered using the WinZip Superfast Attack.

Specialized Password Recoveries

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Recovering IE Protected (Intelliforms) Files
While PRTK and DNA have a module that addresses Windows Internet Explorer (IE) Protected Registry files,
there is a specific way to go about collecting and adding these files as jobs.
Internet Explorer versions 7, 8, and 9, puts its auto-complete (Intelliforms) data into the Registry. Internet
Explorer 10 now puts its auto-complete (Intelliforms) data into Windows Vault.
If you have questions about the different components of this recovery, see Component Details (page 130).

Collecting Necessary Files for IE 7, 8, and 9
Before you attempt to follow the steps outlined below you will want to have the following items available in thesame place.
It is recommended that you export these items from an image or a live system running Internet Explorer 7, 8, or
9.
To begin, create a special folder and export the necessary files from an FTK case as explained in the following
sections:

Collecting IE Files From a Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003 System
1.

Master Key file
Export the Master Key File from[Drive]:\Documents and Settings\[username]\Application Data\

Microsoft\Protect
in such a way that the contents of the Protect folder will be available in their entirety.

2.

System Registry files
Export all of the following:
[Drive]\Windows\System32\config\SAM
[Drive]\Windows\System32\config\System
[Drive]\Documents and Settings\[Username]\NTuser.dat

3.

IE Browsing history
Export the following file:[Drive]\Documents and Settings\[Username]\Local Settings\History\

History.IE5\index.dat

4.

Protect folder
Run a recursive export from:[Drive]\Documents and Settings\[Username]\Roaming\Microsoft\Protect\

5.

IE7 Internet Browsing History of URLs
Export the following file:[Drive]\Documents and Settings\[username]\Local Settings\Microsoft\

Windows\History\Low\Index.dat

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6.

The output destination file
Choose a location for, and create a blank output text file by this name:Output.txt

Collecting IE Files From a Window Vista System
1.

Master Key File
Export[Drive]:\Users\[UserName]\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Protect

in such a way that the contents of the Protect folder will be available in their entirety)
2.

Vista Registry Hives
Export all of the following:
[Drive]:\Windows\System32\config\SAM
[Drive:]\Windows\System32\config\SYSTEM
[Drive]:\Users\%Username%\NTuser.dat

3.

Vista Index.dat file
Export the Vista OS Index.dat file from the following location:
[Drive]:\Users\[Username]\AppData\Local\Microsoft \Windows\History\

Low\History.IE5\index.dat

Performing the Steps to Complete the IE Protected Registry Recovery
Use PRTK or DNA to decrypt data protected by DPAPI.

To perform the IE ProtectedRegistry recovery
1.

Drop the NTUSER.dat into PRTK/DNA.

2.

When the attack module is identified, it should recognize that the protected storage section is from IE
and should prompt you for:
The Windows login password (If you do not know the user’s password you will need to recover the

password using the SAM and SYSTEM registry files exported in Collecting Necessary Files for IE 7, 8,
and 9 (page 128) (For more information see Recovering Login Passwords on Windows 2000 and XP
Systems (page 118)).
If the user’s password is blank, leave the password field empty.
The folder named with the user’s SID that contains the master key files.
The index.dat from the browsing history.
The Output file: If no path is provided, the file will be saved to  %SystemRoot%\Program Files\AccessData\PRTK or DNA\

3.

With all the fields completed out correctly (see below screen shot) PRTK/DNA should be able to display
the protected data stored for each URL provided when you examine the defined output fileSpecialized Password Recoveries

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Module Options.

The above screen shot assumes you exported the files mentioned in Collecting Necessary Files for IE
7, 8, and 9 (page 128), to C:\Export\. This serves as an example of what you will see when you
correctly fill in the fields of the IE7 Autocomplete Data decryption module.
4.

When all fields are populated, click OK.

Component Details
If you have questions about the items referenced above, this section gives an explanation of each.

IE 7, 8, and 9
Since IE 7 auto-complete data is encrypted with the Data Protection API, the user must supply the module withthe corresponding windows password, Master key file, and SID.
The auto-complete data also has another layer of protection: each piece of data is additionally encrypted with its
corresponding URL string. This means that the user must also supply the module with a file that contains the
URLs of each piece of auto-complete data. The module uses regular expressions to find URLs in this file, so it
doesn't need to have any particular format. A very good choice for this file is the index.dat file, since it usuallycontains the user’s IE browsing history:%SystemRoot%\Documents and Settings\%Username% \Local Settings\
History\History.IE5\index.dat

Data Protection API
To help further protect sensitive information from unauthorized access and tampering, Windows has also
implemented an operating system level protection protocol. The more robust cryptographic system, called theData Protection Application Programming Interface (DPAPI), employs the use of a Triple-DES/CBC algorithm,
and a pair of CryptoAPI calls, “CryptoProtectData” and “CryptoUnprotectData,” in conjunction with a hostapplication, such as Internet Explorer v7, to encrypt/decrypt session data. The output of the algorithm is a 512bit master key, based upon a SHA-1 of the user’s Windows logon credentials (SHA-1 hash of logon password),
as well as 16 random bytes of user data.

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To further secure the key, the algorithm also cycles 4,000 times before producing the fixed-length output of themaster key. The master key is stored in the user’s Protect folder, in a subdirectory labeled with the user SID. A
symmetrical session key is generated from the master key. The session key is not stored, only the 16 bytes ofrandom data used in conjunction with the master key to generate it.
The final layer of security within the DPAPI is a 90-day expiration for the master key. After 3 months, a newmaster key is generated, using the same process, from the user’s Windows logon credentials.
An application, such as Internet Explorer v7, calls upon the CryptProtectData function to encrypt session data,such as logon passwords for web sites, search engine queries, or Outlook/Outlook Express account passwords.
The encrypted data is stored within the Windows registry, memory, or the file system.
In the registry, encrypted data is stored in the Intelliforms key, and is further maintained within two additional subkeys, Storage1 and Storage2. The Storage1 key contains form data (auto-complete) and search engine queries,
while Storage2 maintains account names and logon passwords.
To access that data, Internet Explorer, or another capable application, calls upon the CryptUnprotectData
function, which creates a recovery key, from the master key, to seamlessly decrypt the stored data. The
encryption/decryption processes must be performed while either the owner of the encrypted data is logged in, orby accessing the collective components used in the encryption process. As a result, the DPAPI protects
sensitive data while the computer is turned off, and from other users who are logged into the same computer.

Master Key File
The Windows Data Protection API (DPAPI) uses files called Master Key files (also known as Protect files) toderive session keys for encrypting sensitive data. This is why these files are needed to decrypt data that wasencrypted with the Data Protection API.
The Master Key files corresponding to a user are usually found in the following directory:%SystemRoot%\Documents and Settings\{user name}\Application
Data\Microsoft\Protect\S-1-5-21The Master Key files themselves have names that look like:
f1cc77ef-ef76-4c89-8385-20b9a921d2c6
By default Windows marks these as hidden system files which means that you cannot see them unless
you specifically enable Windows Explorer to show those types of files.

SID
Windows assigns a Security ID to each user in a system or domain.
This ID looks something like this:S-1-5-21-560424602-2976196664-1938093919-1006(The actual numbers will of course vary from user to user.)The SID is used in the Data Protection API as salt in the encryption of the Master key files with theWindows login password. That is why the SID is needed to decrypt data that has been encrypted with theData Protection API.
The name of the folder that contains the Master key files is usually the SID.

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Collecting Necessary Files for IE 10
Beginning with version 10, Internet Explorer uses Windows Vault to store auto-complete login names andpasswords.
A Vault consists of several files found in a single directory located in "Microsoft\Vault" in the user local application
data folder. A Vault directory has a GUID as a name. Normally the Vault which contains Internet Explorer web
passwords is named "4BF4C442-9B8A-41A0-B380-DD4A704DDB28".
Inside the Vault directory, there will be a file named "Policy.vpol", a file with the extension ".vsch", and one ormore ".vcrd" files. Each ".vcrd" file encapsulates one credential. The "Policy.vpol" contains the encryption keys
(protected with the Data Protection API).
The "Policy.vpol" file must be the file added to DNA/PRTK, and the ".vcrd" files must be located in the same
directory as the "Policy.vpol" file. Otherwise, the job will not work. The entire "Policy.vpol" file is needed.

PRTK/DNA and Diacritics
PRTK/DNA has the ability to resolve passwords that use diacritics. However; English words use diacritics. Most
diacritics come from words from the romantic languages such as French, German, Italian and Spanish.
When PTRK/DNA uses an attack type for diacritics, you must choose a language other than English. Also
PRTK/DNA combines both the diacritic (a specific symbol) with either an upper or lower case letter.

To use an attack type for possible passwords involving diacritics, do the following:1.

Select any language besides English that includes diacritical symbols in its character set.

2.

Select both the diacritics AND both upper/lower case letters options from the character groups. If you
use only diacritics, PRTK/DNA will look for only the symbols: @~*^ and not merge them with the upperor lower case letters for the possible password.

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Chapter 10

Managing Security Devices and Licenses

This chapter acquaints you with the managing AccessData product licenses. Here you will find details regarding
the LicenseManager interface and how to manage licenses and update products using LicenseManager.

NLS Support
AccessData’s Network License Service (NLS) is supported. If you have NLS, you should also havedocumentation on how to install and implement it.

Virtual CmStick
AccessData’s Virtual CmStick is supported. The Virtual CmStick is a file that allows full use of the program
without worry that the USB CmStick could be lost or stolen. Licenses can be bound and un-bound to the Virtual
CmStick just as with the USB CmStick, however, the Virtual CmStick is not transferable from one machine toanother.
Talk to your AccessData Sales Representative about purchasing this option.

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Installing and Managing Security Devices
Before you can manage licenses with LicenseManager, you must install the proper security device software and/or drivers. This section explains installing and using the WIBU-SYSTEMS CodeMeter Runtime software and
USB CmStick, as well as the Keylok USB dongle drivers and dongle device.

Installing the Security Device
As discussed previously, AccessData products require a licensing security device that communicates with theprogram to verify the existence of a current license.
The device can be the newer WIBU-SYSTEMS CmStick or the older Keylok dongle. Both are USB devices, andboth require specific software to be installed prior to connecting the devices and running your AccessData
products. You will need:The WIBU-SYSTEMS CodeMeter Runtime software with a Wibu CodeMeter (CmStick)The WIBU-SYSTEMS CodeMeter Runtime software, and the AccessData Dongle Drivers with a Keylok

dongleNote: The Codemeter Runtime software and either a silver CmStick or a green Keylok dongle are required to
run PRTK or DNA. Without them, you can run PRTK or DNA in Demo mode only. Because of this, theCmStick or dongle should be stored in a secure location when not in use.
You can install PRTK and the CodeMeter software from the shipping CD or from downloadable files available on
the AccessData website at www.accessdata.com. Click Support > Downloads, and browse to the product todownload. Click the download link and save the file locally prior to running the installation files.
For solutions to commonly asked installation questions, see Troubleshooting (page 155).

Installing the CodeMeter Runtime Software
When you purchase the full PRTK package, AccessData provides a USB CmStick with the product package.
The green Keylok dongles are no longer provided, but can be purchased separately through your AccessData
Sales Representative.
To use the CmStick, you must first install the CodeMeter Runtime software, either from the shipping CD, or fromthe setup file downloaded from the AccessData Web site.

Locating the Setup FileTo install the CodeMeter Runtime software from the CD, you can browse to the setup file, or select it from theAutorun menu.

To download the CodeMeter Runtime software
1.

In your Internet browser, go to www.accessdata.com.

2.

On the AccessData home page, click Support > Downloads.

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3.

Find the latest version of the CodeMeter Runtime software as follows:Select CodeMeter Runtime 4.10c (64-bit)

MD5: fa7a268bbbf4db75cdc52333ca663d11(MD5 hash applies only to this version)
4.

Click the Download link.

5.

Save the file to your PC and run after the download is complete.

6.

When the download is complete, double-click on the

CodeMeterRuntime32-3.30.exe
and follow the prompts.

Running the CodeMeter Runtime Setup
Whichever way you choose to access the CodeMeter Runtime setup file, the installer is the same.

To install the CodeMeter Runtime software
1.

The CodeMeter Runtime Open File Security Warning will appear to allow you to verify that you reallywant to open this file.

CodeMeter Runtime Installer Open File Security Warning

2.

Click Run.

CodeMeter Runtime Installer Welcome Screen

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3.

On the Welcome screen, click Next.

CodeMeter Runtime Installer License Agreement

4.

Read and accept the License Agreement.

5.

Click Next.

CodeMeter Runtime Installer User Information

6.

In the User Information screen, enter your name and your company name.

7.

Specify whether this application should be available only when you log in, or for anyone who uses thiscomputer.

8.

Click Next.

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CodeMeter Runtime Installer Select Features1.

Select the Features you want to install.

2.

Click Next.

3.

When you are satisfied with the options you have selected, click Next.

CodeMeter Runtime Installer Ready to Install

4.

When the Ready to Install screen opens, click Next.

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CodeMeter Runtime Installer Successfully Installed

5.

Installation will run its course. When complete, you will see the “CodeMeter Runtime Kit has beensuccessfully installed” screen. Click Finish to exit the installation.

The CodeMeter Control Center
When the CodeMeter Runtime installation is complete, the CodeMeter Control Center pops up. This is a greattime to connect the CmStick and verify that the device is recognized and is Enabled. Once verified, you canclose the control center and run your AccessData product(s).
For the most part there is nothing you need to do with this control center, and you need make no changes using
this tool with very few exceptions. If you have problems with your CmStick, contact AccessData Support and an
agent will walk you through any troubleshooting steps that may need to be performed.

Installing Keylok Dongle Drivers
To install the Keylok USB dongle driver
1.

Choose one of the following options:If installing from CD, insert the CD into the CD-ROM drive and click Install the Dongle Drivers.
If auto-run is not enabled, select Start > Run. Browse to the CD-ROM drive and select Autorun.exe.
If installing from a file downloaded from the AccessData Web site, locate and double-click the

Dongle_driver_1.6.exe setup file,

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Installing and Managing Security Devices| 138Keylok Dongle Driver Setup

2.

Click Next.

Dongle Driver Setup Screen

3.

Select the type of dongle to install the drivers for, either USB or Parallel.

4.

Click Next.

Dongle Driver Setup Message

5.

If you have a USB dongle, verify that it is not connected.

6.

Click Next.

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Dongle Driver Setup Finish Screen

7.

Click Finish.

8.

Connect the USB dongle. Wait for the Windows Found New Hardware wizard, and follow the prompts.

Important: When the Windows Found New Hardware wizard appears, complete the wizard. Do not close withoutcompleting, or the dongle driver will not be installed.

Windows Found New Hardware Wizard
When you connect the dongle after installing the dongle drivers, you should wait for the Windows Found New
Hardware Wizard to come up. It is not uncommon for users to disregard this wizard, and then find that thedongle is not recognized and their AccessData software will not run.

To install the driver in Windows when the Found New Hardware Wizard pops up
1.

When prompted whether to connect to Windows Update to search for software, choose, “No, not thistime”.

Found New Hardware Wizard Welcome Screen

2.

Click Next.

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3.

When prompted whether to install the software automatically or to install from a list of specific locations,choose, “Install the software automatically (Recommended)”.

Found New Hardware Wizard

4.

Click Next.

5.

Click Finish to close the wizard.

Found New Hardware Wizard Finish Screen

Once you have installed the dongle drivers, connected the dongle, and verified that Windows recognizes it, you
can use LicenseManager to manage product licenses.

Managing Security Devices and Licenses

Installing and Managing Security Devices| 141Installing LicenseManager
LicenseManager lets you manage product and license subscriptions using a security device or device packet
file. For more information, see Managing Security Devices and Licenses (page 133).
Note: You can install LicenseManager from the PRTK or DNA installation disc, or from the installation files thatare available on the AccessData Web site.

To install LicenseManager from the downloadable file1.

Go to the AccessData download page at
http://www.accessdata.com/downloads.htm.

2.

On the download page, click the LicenseManager Download link.

3.

Save the installation file (currently lm-license_manager-2.2.4.exe) to a temporary directory on yourlocal hard drive.

4.

To launch the installation program, go to the temporary directory and double-click the installation file you
downloaded in step 3.

5.

Click Next on the Welcome screen.

PRTK InstallShield Wizard

6.

Click Yes to accept the License Agreement.

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PRTK License Agreement

7.

Wait while the installation completes.

To run LicenseManager after completing the installation
Select Run LicenseManager.

PRTK Finish Screen

To run LicenseManager later
Start >Programs > AccessData > LicenseManager > LicenseManager.
Double-click the LicenseManager icon on your desktop

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Managing Licenses with LicenseManager
LicenseManager manages AccessData product licenses on a Keylok dongle or WICU_SYSTEMS CodeMeter
Stick security device, or in a security device packet file. LicenseManager and the CodeMeter Stick installation
are not integrated with FTK installation.
LicenseManager displays license information, and allows you to add licenses to, or remove licenses from, adongle or CmStick. LicenseManager can also be used to export a security device packet file. Packet files can besaved and reloaded onto the dongle or CmStick, or sent via email to AccessData support.
In addition, you can use LicenseManager to check for product updates and download the latest productversions.
LicenseManager displays CodeMeter Stick information (including packet version and serial number) andlicensing information for all AccessData products. The Purchase Licenses button connects directly to theAccessData website and allows you to browse the site for information about products you may wish to purchase.
Contact AccessData by phone to speak with a Sales Representative for answers to product questions, and topurchase products and renew licenses and subscriptions.
LicenseManager provides information as displayed in the following figures:

LicenseManager Installed Components Tab

Notice that on the Licenses tab, the Release Device is grayed out in the figure below:

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LicenseManager Licenses Tab

Starting LicenseManager
There are several ways to run LicenseManager.

To run LicenseManager
 Double-click on

C:\Program Files\AccessData\Common Files\AccessData
LicenseManager\LicenseManager.exe.
Click Start > All Programs > AccessData > LicenseManager > LicenseManager.
Click or double-click (depending on your Windows settings) the LicenseManager icon on your desktop.
From some AccessData programs, you can run LicenseManager from the Tools > Other Applications

menu.
Note: This option is not available in PRTK or DNA.

When starting, License Manager reads licensing and subscription information from the installed and connected
CodeMeter Stick or Keylok dongle.

If using a Keylok dongle, and LicenseManager either does not open or displays the message,“Device Not Found”
1.

Make sure the correct dongle driver is installed on your computer.

2.

With the dongle connected, check in Windows Device Manager to make sure the device is recognized.
If it has an error indicator, right click on the device and choose Uninstall.

3.

Remove the dongle after the device has been uninstalled.

4.

Reboot your computer.

5.

After the reboot is complete, and all startup processes have finished running, connect the dongle.

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| 145

6.

Wait for Windows to run the Add New Hardware wizard. If you already have the right dongle drivers
installed, do not browse the internet, choose, “No, not this time.”

7.

Click Next to continue.

8.

On the next options screen, choose, “Install the software automatically (Recommended)

9.

Click Next to continue.

10. When the installation of the dongle device is complete, click Finish to close the wizard.
11. You still need the CodeMeter software installed, but will not need a CodeMeter Stick to run

LicenseManager.

If using a CodeMeter Stick, and LicenseManager either does not open or displays the message,“Device Not Found”
1.

Make sure the CodeMeter Runtime software is installed. It is available at www.accessdata.com/
support. Click Downloads and browse to the product. Click on the download link. You can Run the
product from the Website, or Save the file locally and run it from your PC. Once the CodeMeter Runtime
software is installed and running, you will see a gray icon in your system tray: .

2.

Make sure the CodeMeter Stick is connected to the USB port. When the CmStick is then connected, youwill see the icon change to look like this: .

If the CodeMeter Stick is not connected, LicenseManager still lets you to manage licenses using a security
device packet file if you have exported and saved the file previously.

To open LicenseManager without a CodeMeter Stick installed
1.

Click Tools > LicenseManager.
LicenseManager displays the message, “Device not Found”.

2.

Click OK, then browse for a security device packet file to open.
Note: Although you can run LicenseManager using a packet file, FTK2.1 will not run with a packet filealone. You must have the CmStick connected to the computer to run FTK2.1.

The LicenseManager Interface
The LicenseManager interface consists of two tabs that organize the options in the LicenseManager window: theInstalled Components tab and the Licenses tab.

The Installed Components Tab
The Installed Components tab lists the AccessData programs installed on the machine, as displayed in thefollowing figure.

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LicenceManager Installed Components

The following information is displayed on the Installed Components tab:

LicenseManager Installed Components Tab Features
Item

Description

ProgramLists all AccessData products installed on the host.

Installed Version

Displays the version of each AccessData product installed on the host.

Newest Version

Displays the latest version available of each AccessData product installed on the host.
Click Newest to refresh this list.

Product Notes

Displays notes and information about the product selected in the program list.

AccessData Link

Links to the AccessData product page where you can learn more about AccessData
products.

Buttons on the Installed Components tab provide additional functionality as described in the following table:

LicenseManager Installed Components Buttons
ButtonFunction

Help

Opens the LicenseManager Help web page.

Install Newest

Installs the newest version of the programs checked in the product window, if that
program is available for download. You can also get the latest versions from our website
using your Internet browser.

NewestUpdates the latest version information for your installed products.

About

Displays the About LicenseManager screen. Provides version, copyright, and trademark
information for LicenseManager.

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LicenseManager Installed Components Buttons (Continued)
ButtonFunction

Done

Closes LicenseManager.

Use the Installed Components tab to manage your AccessData products and stay up to date on new releases.

The Licenses Tab
The Licenses tab displays CodeMeter Stick information for the current security device packet file and licensing
information for AccessData products available to the owner of the CodeMeter Stick, as displayed in the following
figure.

LicenseManager Licenses Tab

The Licenses tab provides the following information:

LicenseManager Licenses Tab Features
ColumnDescription

ProgramShows the owned licenses for AccessData products.

Expiration Date

Shows the date on which your current license expires.

StatusShows these status of that product’s license: None: the product license is not currently owned
 Days Left: displays when less than 31 days remain on the license.
 Never: the license is permanently owned. This generally applies to Hash Tables andPortable Office Rainbow Tables.

Name

Shows the name of additional parameters or information a product requires for its
license.

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LicenseManager Licenses Tab Features (Continued)
ColumnDescription

Value

Shows the values of additional parameters or information a product contained in or
required for its license.

Show Unlicensed

When checked, the License window displays all products, whether licensed or not.

The following actions can be performed using buttons found on the License tab:

License Management Options
ButtonFunction

Remove License

Removes a selected license from the Licenses window and from the CodeMeter Stick or
dongle. Opens the AccessData License Server web page to confirm success.

Refresh Device

Connects to the AccessData License Server. Downloads and overwrites the info on the
CodeMeter Stick or dongle with the latest information on the server.

Reload from
DeviceBegins or restarts the service to read the licenses stored on the CodeMeter Stick or
dongle.

Release Device

Click to stop the program reading the dongle attached to your machine, much like
Windows’ Safely Remove Hardware feature. Click this button before removing a dongle.
This option is disabled for the CodeMeter Stick.

Open Packet File

Opens Windows Explorer, allowing you to navigate to a .PKT file containing your license
information.

Save to File

Opens Windows Explorer, allowing you to save a .PKT file containing your license
information. The default location is My Documents.

Finalize Removal

Finishes the removal of licenses in the unbound state. Licenses must be unbound fromthe CmStick or dongle before this button takes effect.

View Registration
Info

Displays an HTML page with your CodeMeter Stick number and other license
information.

Add Existing
LicenseAllows you to bind an existing unbound license to your CodeMeter Stick, through aninternet connection to the AccessData License Server.

Purchase License

Brings up the AccessData product page from which you can learn more about
AccessData products.

About

Displays the About LicenseManager screen. Provides version, copyright, and trademark
information for LicenseManager.

Done

Closes LicenseManager.

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Opening and Saving Dongle Packet Files
You can open or save dongle packet files using LicenseManager. When started, LicenseManager attempts toread licensing and subscription information from the dongle. If you do not have a dongle installed,
LicenseManager lets you browse to open a dongle packet file. You must have already created and saved adongle packet file to be able to browse to and open it.

To open a dongle packet file1.

Select click the Licenses tab, then under License Packets, click Open Packet File.

2.

Browse for a dongle packet file to open. Select the file, then click Open.

LicenseManager Open Packet FileTo save a dongle packet file1.

Click the Licenses tab, then under License Packets, click Save to File.

2.

Browse to the desired folder and accept the default name of the .PKT file; then click Save.
Note: In general, the best place to save the .PKT files is in the AccessData LicenseManager folder. The
default path is C:\Program Files\AccessData\Common Files\AccessData

LicenseManager\.

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Adding and Removing Product Licenses
On a computer with an Internet connection, LicenseManager lets you add available product licenses to, or
remove them from, a dongle.
To move a product license from one dongle to another dongle, first remove the product license from the first
dongle. You must release that dongle, and connect the second dongle before continuing. When the second
dongle is connected and recognized by Windows and LicenseManager, click on the Licenses tab to add the
product license to the second dongle.

Remove a License
To remove (unbind) a product license
1.

From the Licenses tab, mark the program license to remove. This action activates the Remove License
button below the Program list box.

2.

Click Remove License. This connects your machine to the AccessData License Server through theInternet.

3.

You will be prompted to confirm the removal of the selected license(s) from the device. Click Yes tocontinue, or No to cancel.

4.

You will see some screens indicating the connection and activity on the License Server, and when thelicense removal is complete, you will see the following screen:

Packet Update Successful

5.

Click OK to close the message box. You will then see an Internet browser screen from LicenseManager
with a message that says, “The removal of your license(s) from Security Device was successful!” You
may close this box at any time.

Adding a License
To add a new or released license
1.

From the Licenses tab, under Browser Options, click Add Existing License.
The AccessData LicenseManager Web page opens, listing the licenses currently bound to theconnected security device, and below that list, you will see the licenses that currently are not bound to
any security device. Mark the box in the Bind column for the product you wish to add to the connected
device, then click Submit.

2.

An AccessData LicenseManager Web page will open, displaying the following message, “TheAccessData product(s) that you selected has been bound to the record for Security Device nnnnnnn
within the Security Device Database.
“Please run LicenseManager’s “Refresh Device” feature in order to complete the process of binding

these product license(s) to this Security Device.” You may close this window at any time.
Click Yes if LicenseManager prompts, “Were you able to associate a new product with this device?”

Managing Security Devices and Licenses

Adding and Removing Product Licenses| 151

Adding and Removing Product Licenses Remotely
While LicenseManager requires an Internet connection to use some features, you can add or remove licenses
from a dongle packet file for a dongle that resides on a computer, such as a forensic lab computer, that does nothave an Internet connection.
If you cannot connect to the Internet, the easiest way to move licenses from one dongle to another is tophysically move the dongle to a computer with an Internet connection, add or remove product licenses asnecessary using LicenseManager, and then physically move the dongle back to the original computer. However,
if you cannot move the dongle—due to organization policies or a need for forensic soundness—then transfer the
packet files and update files remotely.

Adding a License Remotely
To remotely add (bind) a product license
1.

On the computer where the security device resides:
1a.

Run LicenseManager.

1b.

From the Licenses tab, click Reload from Device to read the dongle license information.

1c.

Click Save to File to save the dongle packet file to the local machine.

2.

Copy the dongle packet file to a computer with an Internet connection.

3.

On the computer with an Internet connection:
3a.

Remove any attached security device.

3b.

Launch LicenseManager. You will see a notification, “No security device found”.

3c.

Click OK.

3d.

An “Open” dialog box will display. Highlight the .PKT file, and click Open.

3e.

Click on the Licenses tab.

3f.

Click Add Existing License.

3g.

Complete the process to add a product license on the Website page.

3h.

Click Yes when the LicenseManager prompts, “Were you able to associate a new product with thisdongle?”3i.

When LicenseManager does not detect a dongle or the serial number of the dongle does notmatch the serial number in the dongle packet file, you are prompted to save the update file,[serial#].wibuCmRaU.
3j.

Save the update file to the local machine.

4.

After the update file is downloaded, copy the update file to the computer where the dongle resides:

5.

On the computer where the dongle resides:
5a.

Run the update file by double-clicking it. (It is an executable file.)

5b.

After an update file downloads and installs, click OK.

5c.

Run LicenseManager.

5d.

From the Licenses tab, click Reload from Device to verify the product license has been added tothe dongle.

Managing Security Devices and Licenses

Adding and Removing Product Licenses| 152

Removing a License Remotely
To remotely remove (unbind) a product license
1.

On the computer where the dongle resides:
1a.

Run LicenseManager.

1b.

From the Licenses tab, click Reload from Device to read the dongle license information.

1c.

Click Save to File to save the dongle packet file to the local machine.

2.

Copy the file to a computer with an Internet connection.

3.

On the computer with an Internet connection:
3a.

Launch LicenseManager. You will see a notification, “No security device found”.

3b.

Click OK.

3c.

An “Open” dialog box will display. Highlight the .pkt file, and click Open.

3d.

Click on the Licenses tab.

3e.

Mark the box for the product license you want to unbind; then click Remove License.

3f.

When prompted to confirm the removal of the selected license from the dongle, click Yes.
When LicenseManager does not detect a dongle or the serial number of the dongle does notmatch the serial number in the dongle packet file, you are prompted save the update file.

3g.

Click Yes to save the update file to the local computer.
The Step 1 of 2 dialog details how to use the dongle packet file to remove the license from adongle on another computer.

3h.

Save the update file to the local machine.

4.

After the update file is downloaded, copy the update file to the computer where the dongle resides.

5.

On the computer where the dongle resides:

6.

5a.

Run the update file by double-clicking it. This runs the executable update file and copies the new
information to the security device.

5b.

Run LicenseManager

5c.

On the Licenses tab, click Reload from Device in LicenseManager to read the security device andallow you to verify the product license is removed from the dongle.

5d.

Click Save to File to save the updated dongle packet file to the local machine.

Copy the file to a computer with an Internet connection.

Updating Products
You can use LicenseManager to check for product updates and download the latest product versions.
For more information on the general features of the subscription service, see the AccessData Website at http://
www.accessdata.com/subscription_renewal.htm.

Checking for Product Updates
To check for product updates, on the Installed Components tab, click Newest. This refreshes the list to display
what version you have installed, and the newest version available.

Managing Security Devices and Licenses

Adding and Removing Product Licenses| 153

Downloading Product Updates
To install the newest version, mark the box next to the product to install, then click Install Newest.
Note: Some products, such as FTK 2 and later, Enterprise, and others, are too large to download, and are notavailable. A notification displays if this is the case.

To download a product update1.

Ensure that LicenseManager displays the latest product information by clicking the Installed
Components tab. Click Newest to refresh the list showing the latest releases, then compare yourinstalled version to the latest release.
If the latest release is newer than your installed version, you may be able to install the latest releasefrom our Website.

2.

Ensure that the program you want to install is not running.

3.

Mark the box next to the program you want to download; then click Install Newest.

4.

When prompted, click Yes to download and install the latest install version of the product.

5.

If installing the update on a remote computer, copy the product update file to another computer.

6.

Install the product update.

For information about installing the product update, refer to the installation information for the product. You may
need to restart your computer after the update is installed.

Purchasing Product Licenses
Use LicenseManager to link to the AccessData Web site to find information about all our products.
Purchase product licenses through your AccessData Sales Representative. Call 801-377-5410 and follow the
prompt for Sales, or send an email to sales@accessdata.com.
Note: Once a product has been purchased and appears in the AccessData License Server, add the productlicense to a CodeMeter Stick, dongle, or security device packet file by clicking Refresh Device.

Sending a Dongle Packet File to Support
Send a security device packet file only when specifically directed to do so by AccessData support.

To create a dongle packet file1.

Run LicenseManager

2.

Click on the Licenses tab.

3.

Click Load from Device.

4.

Click Refresh Device if you need to get the latest info from AD’s license server.

5.

Click Save to File, and note or specify the location for the saved file.

6.

Attach the dongle packet file to an e-mail and send it to:support@accessdata.com.

Managing Security Devices and Licenses

Adding and Removing Product Licenses| 154

Chapter 11

TroubleshootingThis chapter explains basic troubleshooting for Password Recovery Toolkit (PRTK) and Distributed Network
Attack (DNA).

PRTK and DNA Troubleshooting
The following tables provide problems and suggested solutions for running PRTK or DNA.
For additional troubleshooting information, contact AccessData Customer Support by emailing your questions to
support@accessdata.com, or use the Forensic Forum on the AccessData website.

PRTK Installation Issues
This section contains solutions to common PRTK installation and upgrade issues and questions.

Common PRTK Installation Frequently Asked Questions and Suggested Solutions
ProblemPossible Cause

Solution

I installed PRTK on a
new machine, and my
dongle is not working.
Why?

Dongle isn’t installed
properly.

If you do not install the dongle driver correctly, then the
product displays “A dongle was not detected. PRTK is
now running in DEMO Mode. You will be able to run only
jobs with the free modules” message at startup.
To make sure you installed the driver correctly, check thefollowing: Make sure the dongle security hardware is plugged into the correct port during installation of the dongle
driver.
 If you do not use the dongle, you cannot accesslicensed versions of the application modules or use
those applications to recover passwords.

How can I download
the full version of
PRTK from theAccessData Website
so that I can use theproduct immediately?

The full version of
PRTK requires adongle driver for
security management.

When you download PRTK from the Web.
You cannot use the full version of PRTK until the dongle
has been shipped an installed.

Troubleshooting

PRTK and DNA Troubleshooting| 155

Password Recovery Issues
This section contains solutions to the most common PRTK password recovery issues and questions.

Common PRTK Password Recovery Frequently Asked Questions and Suggested Solutions
ProblemPossible Cause

Solution

When I try to recover apassword-protected
file, PRTK returns themessage “Finished.
Password not found”
What should I do now?

If the recovery failed, then the password could not belocated in your custom or default dictionaries. You needto re-evaluate the evidence and create a more detailed
custom dictionary.
When running a dictionary attack, provide as muchinformation as possible about the person who locked thefile. This information can be defined in a biographicaldictionary or a custom user dictionary.

I know that my Excel/
Word password ismade up of all lettersor all numbers. Can
this information help
me recover mypassword more
quickly?

Create a specific profile for this case.

Why can’t I recover my
Zip file?

Attack needs moretime.

The program uses SuperFast Zip Attack if your archive
contains five or more files and was created with WinZip
8.0 or an earlier version. This attack generally takes
around 2 to 3 hours.

Why don’t the Quicken
2002, QuickBooks
2002, WinZip, or VBA
files appear in the
clipboard after I
recover the password?

You did not recover
the password for thesefiles; instead, you
decrypted the fileusing the key.

You can access the decrypted version of your file at thelocation you specified when setting up.

PRTK has beenrunning a dictionary
attack for a very longtime. Is this normal?

Yes.
Double-click the file in PRTK to see the progress. If thenumber of passwords tested is still increasing, then therecovery is still running.

If my computercrashes during alengthy password
recovery, how do I
recover the work that
was alreadyperformed?

Restart the program.
PRTK continues the password recovery process for jobs
in the session when you restart the program.

Troubleshooting

PRTK and DNA Troubleshooting| 156

DNA TroubleshootingThis section contains solutions to the following frequently asked questions.

DNA Frequently Asked Questions and Suggested Solutions
ProblemPossible Cause

Solution

I cannot add a file tothe jobs queue from adifferent network
machine. Why?

Although you might beable to see the file in
Windows Explorer, theSYSTEM account,which DNA uses, does
not have adequate
permissions to accessthe network file.

You must have administrator rights to access the file sothat the Distributed Network Attack (DNA) Server, whichruns as a System service, can also access the file.
Copy the network file to the local machine.
Add the file to DNA.

Why is a DNA Worker
not responding?

The DNA Worker lostits connection to the
network or is turnedoff.

Try to ping the DNA Worker machine from the DNA
Supervisor machine.
If you can ping the Worker machine, but the DNA Worker
is still not responding, first, try restarting the DNA Worker
from the machine it is running on. If that does not work,
reboot the computer that is running the DNA Worker.
If you cannot ping the Worker machine, verify that theWorker machine is turned on, and try to access network
services on it, such as the Internet or printing.
If the DNA Worker is still not responding, see the systemadministrator or call AccessData.

The Stop Worker on
Keyboard or Mouse Input

Wait the specified time for the program to restart, or
uncheck the option.

option has been
selected and there has
been user activity
within the allotted time.
After I added a job and
DNA worked on it, thePassword/ User
Password column read
“Empty Password.”Why?

The file is encrypted,
but the password isempty or contains no
characters.

To unlock the file, press Enter when you are prompted fora password.

I added a job, andDNA has still not
located the password.
Why?

Finding passwords
can take a long time,depending on theattack type, the length,
and the complexity ofthe password
Keyspace attacks cantake a very long time,depending on the sizeof the keyspace.
A password may not
be recovered if it is notcontained within theselected dictionaries,
or if it is not covered by
Rules you haveselected for the job.

Install more DNA Workers with at least the recommended
processor requirements. The more machines that DNA
can use, the faster it can run its tests.
Gather as much information as you can find and add it toa biographical dictionary. This helps to ensure thepassword or pass-phrase will be found.

Troubleshooting

DNA Troubleshooting| 157

DNA Frequently Asked Questions and Suggested Solutions (Continued)
ProblemPossible Cause

Solution

What is the difference
between the ownerkeys and passwords
and the user keys andpasswords?

PDF documents haveboth owner and user
passwords. The owner
password is used toopen and edit the file.
The user password isused to open and readthe file.

Use either the owner or user password to unlock the PDF
document. Generally, you use the user password to
unlock the document. However, in some instances you
might use the owner password to modify the file.
For example, if the file creator has forgotten the
password, you might create a new password for the file.

Add Job Processing Results
After processing jobs to be added, PRTK displays results in the Processing results dialog. The following tableshows result status possibilities and their descriptions:

PRTK Add Job Processing Results Status and Descriptions
Result Status

Description

Cancelled

You canceled the processing of the job.

Corrupted

The file is corrupted.

Failed to Process

The file cannot be added to the system. This result is a general tag used for any filethat cannot be classified as any other result.

File in Use

The file is locked by another program.

Successfully Added

The file is added to the job queue.

Timed OutThe file cannot be identified by PRTK in five minutes. This result usually appears
when PRTK is busy processing other jobs.

Unencrypted

The file doesn’t need to be added because the file isn’t encrypted.

Unidentifiable

PRTK cannot recognize the file and its source application.

Unsupported Version

The file was created in an unsupported version of a supported application.

Troubleshooting

DNA Troubleshooting| 158

Appendix A

Recognized Applications and File Formats

This appendix lists the applications and file formats that Password Recovery Toolkit® (PRTK®) and Distributed
Network Attack® (DNA®) recognizes, and their corresponding modules.
The appendix is divided into sections based on the attack type that PRTK uses to decrypt the file. The lastsection lists applications that use multiple attack types.

Decryption Attack
The decryption attack decrypts the password that locks the file. PRTK uses the decryption attack on theapplications listed in the following table.

PRTK and DNA Decryption Attack Modules
Supported Application

Module7-Zip - Support for 4.65, 9.4 -9.10, PS3
Support7-Zip Decryption Module

ACT! 1–4, 2000, 5–6

ACT! Decryption Module

Adobe Acrobat 3.0–6.0 and Adobe PDF
1.2–1.6

PDF Decryption Module

AOL Desktop Client 8.0–9.0 Security Edition

AOL Password Module

AOL Instant Messenger through 5.9, 6.9,
7.1, AIM Triton through 1.0.4

AIM Password Module

AscendAscend Password Module

BulletProof FTP 1.03–2.45

BPFTP Password Module

Chrome (Google)

Google Chrome Decryption Module

CuteFTP 2–5, 7x

CuteFTP Password Module

DataPerfect

DataPerfect Password ModuledBASE 2.x–3.x

dBASE Password Module

EasyCrypto 5.5 -- File decryption uponcompletion

EasyCrypto Password Module

FileMaker 3.x, 5.x

FileMaker Password Module

Decryption Attack| 159

PRTK and DNA Decryption Attack Modules (Continued)
Supported Application

ModuleHello 1.0

Hello Password Module

ICQ 2003b–5.04

ICQ Password Module

Internet Explorer 5.0–6.0 AutoComplete
database

Protected Registry ModuleThis module is also used for Outlook Express.

Kaikei through 05

Kaikei Password Module

Lotus 1-2-3 of the following versions:
1A–4
9
97
FRM
Japanese

Lotus 123 Password ModuleThis module is also used for Lotus Symphony 1–2 and Lotus
1-2-3 seal passwords.

Lotus 1-2-3 seal passwords

Lotus 123 Password ModuleThis module is also used for Lotus Symphony and Lotus 1-23.

Lotus Approach through 97

Lotus Approach Password Module

Lotus Notes, version 7-8.5

Lotus Notes Password Module

Lotus Organizer 1–4

Lotus Organizer Password Module

Lotus Symphony 1–2

Lotus 123 Password ModuleThis module is also used for Lotus 1-2-3 and Lotus 1-2-3 sealpasswords.

Lotus WordPro 96, 97, or Millenium

WordPro Password Module

Messenger Plus! 3.50–3.61, 4.82 & 4.83

MessengerPlus Password Module

Microsoft Access 2010, 2013

MS Access Encryption Module

Microsoft Money 2002–2006

MS Money Password Module

Microsoft Office Data (PST) files 2007 or
earlier

MS Outlook PST Password Module

Microsoft Office
Excel 2–7, 97 through 2007, 2010, 2013
Word 2–6, 97 through 2007, 2010, 2013
PowerPoint XP through 2007, 2010, 2013

Microsoft Office Encryption Module

Microsoft Project 98–2003, 2010, 2013

MS Project Password Module

Microsoft Schedule+ 7.x

Scheduler Password Module

Microsoft SourceSafe 6x

SourceSafe Password Module

Microsoft Visual SourceSafe 6.x

SourceSafe Password Module

MozillaProtectedData
Mozilla 1.7x
AOL Communicator through 20030919.3
Mozilla Firefox
Netscape 7.x–8.0

Mozilla Protected Data Module
json files from Firefix 33 and later.

Decryption Attack| 160

PRTK and DNA Decryption Attack Modules (Continued)
Supported Application

ModuleMS Backup

MS Backup Password Module

MS Mail

MS Mail Password Module

MSN Messenger through 7.0

MSN Messenger Password Module

MYOB
Plus 3.x
Premier Accounting 2005–2006
Business Basics 2

MYOB Password Module

Netscape Mail through 6.x

Netscape Mail Password Module

Outlook Express 5.0–6.0, SMTP password

Protected Registry ModuleThis module is also used for Internet Explorer.

Palm Pilot User File

Palm Password Module

Paradox 4.x, 5.x, or 7.x

Paradox Password Module

PasswordPal through 2.0

PasswordPal Password Module

Protected Registery, now supports:
Windows 7, and PS3
Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0–6.0
Microsoft Outlook Express 5.0–6.0

Protected Registry Module

ProWrite

ProWrite Password Module

PCEncrypt through 9.11

PCEncryption Encryption Module

PST through 2007

MS Outlook PST Password Module

PWL

PWL Password Module

Quattro Pro 1–12, X3

Quattro Pro Password Module

Quickbooks through 2010

Quickbooks Password Module

Quicken through 2001

Quicken Password Module

SAMFile - 10.6
SAM Files LAN Hash, NT Hash (MD4)
Active Directory

SAM File Module

Steganos
Security Suite
LockNote

Steganos Password Module

Symantec QA 4.x–5.x

SymantecQA Password Module

TightVNC

TightVNC Decryption Module

VBA

VBA Password Module

VersaCheck
VersaCheck 2001 Home and Pro
VersaCheck Platinum 2004–2007
VersaCheck Enterprise 2004–20072010

VersaCheck Password Module

Decryption Attack| 161

PRTK and DNA Decryption Attack Modules (Continued)
Supported Application

ModuleWhisper 32 1.16 or earlier

Whisper Password Module

Windows 95 Screen Saver

Screen Saver Password Module

Windows XP Credential Files in Windows
XP through Service Pack 2

XP Credentials Module

WordPerfect 5.0–12, X3

WordPerfect Password Module

WS_FTP 5.0x, 2006

WS_FTP Encryption Module

Yahoo! Messenger 3.0–7.0

Yahoo! Messenger Password Module

Yayoi Kaikei 05 or earlier

Kaikei Password Module

Decryption Attack| 162

Dictionary Attack
The dictionary attack uses the words in a dictionary, applies Rules to the words, and applies the password to thefiles. PRTK uses the dictionary attack on the applications listed in the following table.

PRTK and DNA Dictionary Attack Modules
Supported Application

Module7-Zip 4.65, 9.4-9.10, PS3

7-Zip Password Module

ABI Coder 3.5.7.4–3.6.1.4

ABI Coder Password Module

Advanced File Lock 7.1

AdvancedFileLock Password Module

Adobe Acrobat 3.0–6.0 and Adobe PDF
1.2–1.6

PDF Encryption Module

AOL Instant Messenger through 5.9, AIM
Triton through 1.0.4

AIM Password Module

Ami Pro

AmiPro Password Module

ARJ 2.82

ARJ Password Module

Ashampoo
Security Manager 99
Power Encrypt
Privacy Protector through 2005
Magic Security

Ashampoo Password Module

BCArchive

BestCrypt Password Module

BestCrypt 4.x–8.20, BCArchive 1.06

BestCrypt Password Module

CD-Lock Support through 9.50, first 32k
needed for unlock.exe

CDLock Password Module

CheckWriter 5.x

CheckWriter Password Module

CodedDrag 2.4

CodedDrag Password Module

crypthtpasswd
passwd MD5-based, SHA-based, fcrypt
fcrypt; MD5, SHA-1, Blowfish, Blowfish($2y$), SHA-256, and SHA-512 based crypt
PS3 for SHA-256 and SHA-512 based crypt*nix crypt Password Module

Cryptainer LE 5–6

Cryptainer Password Module

CryptaXix
CryptaPix 2.00–3.05
CryptaFlix 1.00–3.05

CryptaXix Password Module

CrypText 2.30–3.40

CrypText Password Module

CuteFTP 2–5, 7x

CuteFTP Password Module

Cypherus

Cypherus Password Module

DriveCrypt 4.2

DriveCrypt Password Module

Dictionary Attack| 163

PRTK and DNA Dictionary Attack Modules (Continued)
Supported Application

ModuleDriveCrypt Plus Pack 3.0

DriveCrypt Plus Pack Password Module

Encrypted Magic Folders 3.x, 7.x -- 9.06

EMF Password Module

FileVault

FileVault Mac and DMG Password Module

FileVault 2

FileVault 2 Mac and DMG Password ModuleGeliv. 1 through 6.Free BSD 6.0 - 9.0

Geli Password Module

GnuPG 1.4.0 or earlier

PGP Password ModuleThis module is also used for PGP.

HandyBits EasyCrypto Delux 5.5 -- Filedecryption upon completion.

EasyCrypto Password Modulehtpasswd*nix crypt Password ModuleThis module is also used for passwd.

Icon Lock-IT XP

Lockit Password Module

Internet Explorer Content Advisor, version 8

IEContent Password Module

iPhone back-up fileIphone back-up Password Module

Justsystem
Ichitaro 5–2004
Hanako 3.1–2004

Justsystem Password Module

KeyChain

KeyChain Password Module

KeePass Password Safe 8–1.04, 2.08, 2.09,
3.20

KeePass Password Module

Kremlin Encrypt 3.0, Text 3.0
File decryption upon completion

Kremlin Password Module

MaxCrypt 1.0–1.10

MaxCrypt Password Module

Messenger Plus! 3.50–3.61, 4.82 & 4.83

MessengerPlus Password Module

Microsoft Encrypted File System (EFS),
Windows 2000 through Windows 7

EFS Module

Microsoft Office
Excel 2–7, 97 through 2007, 2010, 2013
Word 2–6, 97 through 2007, 2010, 2013
PowerPoint XP through 2007, 2010, 2013

Microsoft Office Encryption Module

Microsoft Money 2002–2006

MS Money Password Module

MozillaMozilla 1.7x
AOL Communicator 20030919.3
FireFox through 1.5
Netscape 7.x–8.0

Mozilla Master Password Module

Dictionary Attack| 164

PRTK and DNA Dictionary Attack Modules (Continued)
Supported Application

ModuleMYOBPlus 3.x
AccountRight 2011
Premier Accounting 2005–2006
Business Basics 2

MYOB Password Module

MyWinLocker

MyWinLocker

Norton Secret Stuff 1.0

SecretStuff Encryption Module

Omziff 1.0–3.0.4

Omziff Password Module

OpenOffice.org
Office 1.0–3.1
StarOffice

OpenOffice Password Module

passwd, MD5- and SHA-based encryption
and fcrypt*nix crypt Password ModuleThis module is also used for htpasswd.

PasswordPal through 2.0

PasswordPal Password Module

PasswordSafe 1–3

PasswordSafe Password Module

PC-Encrypt through 9.11

PCEncrypt Encryption Module

PDF
Acrobat 3.0–9.0, all file types
PDF 1.2–1.6

PDF Encryption Module

PFX
Microsoft PFX
P12 Private Key Format

PFX Password Module

PGP
PGP 9.0.2
gnupg 1.4.0

PGP Password Module

PGP Disk
PGP 8.1or earlier
PGP Disk 4.0–6.0
PGP SDA
Whole Disk Encryption 9.0

PGP Disk Password Module

PKZIP

ZIP Password ModuleThis module is also used for WinZip 8 or earlier.

Private Encryptor 4
Private Encryptor 7

Private Encryptor Password Module

PWL

PWL Password Module

Quickbooks 2003–2010

Quickbooks Password Module

Quicken 2003–2006

Quicken Password Module

RAR 1.x–3.x

RAR Password Module

Safari (Windows) password manager

KeyChain Password Module

SafeBit

SafeBit

Dictionary Attack| 165

PRTK and DNA Dictionary Attack Modules (Continued)
Supported Application

ModuleSafeHouse Personal Privacy 2, versions
3.04 & 3.06

SafeHouse Password Module

SAM files - 10.6
SAM files NT (MD4) hash, LAN hash
Active Directory

SAM File Module

SecureIT 3.1 -- 4.0

SecureIT Password Module

SecretStuff 1.0

SecretStuff Encryption Module

SiFEU File Encryptor 0.9

SiFEU Password Module

Steganos 2009
Security Suite
LockNote

Steganos Password Module

S-Tools - Removed

Functionality is now found in Steganography module

Stuffit 5, 2012

Stuffit Password Module

TrueCrypt

TrueCrypt
VeraCrypt

VBA

VBA Password Module

WinZip 9.0–14

WinZip9 Password Module

ZIP
WinZipPKZIP 8 - 12.4

ZIP Password Module

Dictionary Attack| 166

Keyspace Attacks
The keyspace attack is used on applications that use 40-bit encryption or less. Because of the relatively small
number of possible keys, DNA tries every possible key until it finds the one that decrypts the file.
Some applications use the keyspace attack in conjunction with another attack. For more information, see“Multiple Attacks.”

PRTK and DNA Keyspace Attack Modules
Supported Application

ModuleAOL Instant Messanger through 5.9, AIM
Triton through 1.0.4

AIM Password Module

ARJ 2.82

ARJ Password Module

CryptaXix
CryptaPix 2.00–2.24
CryptaFlix 1.00–1.10

CryptaXix Password Module

ICQ 2003b–5.04

ICQ Password Module

Microsoft Office
Excell 2–7, 97,2000, XP, 2003
Word 2–6, 97,2000, XP, 2003
PowerPoint XP, 2003

Microsoft Office Encryption Module

PDF
Acrobat 3.0–6.0
PDF 1.2–1.6

PDF Encryption Module

Private Encryptor 4
Private Encryptor 7

Private Encryptor Password Module

PWL

PWL Password Module

SAM files, 10.6
SAM files NT (MD4) hash, LAN hash
Active Directory

SAM File Module

SecretStuff 1.0

SecretStuff Encryption Module

Stuffit 5, 2012

Stuffit Password Module

ZIP
WinZip 9 - 14
PKZIP 8

ZIP Password Module

Keyspace Attacks| 167

Reset Attacks
Reset attack is the least common attack type used by PRTK because few applications are susceptible to it.

Reset Attack Modules
Supported Application

PRTK Module

Ashampoo
Security Manager 99
Power Encrypt
Privacy Protector through 2005
Magic Security

Ashampoo Password Module

DriveCrypt 4.2

DriveCrypt Password Module

MSN Messenger through 7.0

MSN Messenger Password Module

MYOB
Plus 3.x
AccountRight 2011
Premier Accounting 2005–2006
Business Basics 2

MYOB Password Module

Private Encryptor “Tiny” algorithm

Private Encryptor Password Module

Quickbooks 2003–2010

Quickbooks Password Module

Quicken 2003–2006

Quicken Password Module

VBA

VBA Password Module

Reset Attacks| 168

Multiple Attacks
Some applications are susceptible to more than one attack type. Multiple attacks can be used to decrease thetime necessary to decrypt a file. For applications where multiple attack types can be used, PRTK starts with theleast time-consuming attack type.
For example, PRTK might use a dictionary attack first on a PowerPoint spreadsheet and then use the key space
attack if the file isn’t decrypted during the dictionary attack.
PRTK uses multiple attack types on the applications listed in the following table. The order in which the attack
types are listed in the table is the order that PRTK uses.
PRTK and DNA Multiple Attack-Type Modules

Supported
Application

Attack Types

PRTK Module

AOL 8.0–9.0
Security Edition

Decryption
Keyspace

AOL Password Module

AOL Communicator
20030919.3 orearlier

Dictionary
Decryption

The dictionary attack uses the Mozilla Master
Password Module.
This module is also used for Mozilla, Mozilla Firefox,
and Netscape.
The decryption attack uses the Mozilla Protected
Data Module.
This module is also used for Mozilla, Mozilla Firefox,
and Netscape.

ARJ 2.82 or earlier

Keyspace
Dictionary

ARJ Password Module

DriveCrypt 4.2
through 5.4

Dictionary
Reset

DriveCrypt Password Module

DGCA

Dictionary
Reset

DGCA Password Module

HandyBits
EasyCrypto Deluxe
5.5 -- File decryption
upon completion

Dictionary
Decryption

EasyCrypto Password Module

Microsoft Excel 2–7,
97, 2000, XP, 2003

Dictionary
Decryption

Microsoft Office Encryption ModuleThis module is also used for Microsoft Word andMicrosoft PowerPoint.

Microsoft Money 97–
2004, backup files

Dictionary
Decryption
Versions of Microsoft Money
before 2002 use thedecryption attack. Microsoft
Money 2002–04 uses thedictionary attack.

MS Money Password Module

Microsoft
PowerPoint XP and
2003

Dictionary
Decryption

Microsoft Office Encryption ModuleThis module is also used for Microsoft Excel andMicrosoft PowerPoint.

Multiple Attacks| 169

PRTK and DNA Multiple Attack-Type Modules (Continued)

Supported
Application

Attack Types

PRTK Module

Microsoft Word 2–6,
97, 2000, XP, and2003

Dictionary
Decryption

Microsoft Office Encryption ModuleThis module is also used for Microsoft Excel andMicrosoft PowerPoint.

Mozilla 1.7.x
Also between 7.0 &9.0Dictionary
Decryption

The dictionary attack uses the Mozilla Master
Password Module.
This module is also used for AOL Communicator,
Mozilla Firefox, and Netscape.
The decryption attack uses the Mozilla Protected
Data Module.
This module is also used for AOL Communicator,
Mozilla Firefox, and Netscape.

Mozilla Firefox 1.0.4
or earlier

Dictionary
Decryption

The dictionary attack uses the Mozilla Master
Password Module.
This module is also used for AOL Communicator,
Mozilla, and Netscape.
The decryption attack uses the Mozilla Protected
Data Module.
This module is also used for AOL Communicator,
Mozilla, and Netscape.

MyWinLocker

Dictionary
Reset

MyWinLocker

Netscape 7.x–8.0

Dictionary
Decryption

The dictionary attack uses the Mozilla Master
Password Module.
This module is also used for AOL Communicator,
Mozilla, and Mozilla Firefox.
The decryption attack uses the Mozilla Protected
Data Module.
This module is also used for AOL Communicator,
Mozilla, and Mozilla Firefox.

Password Pal 2.0 or
earlier

Dictionary
Decryption

PasswordPal Password Module

QuickBooks 2001 or
earlier

PRTK uses a decryption
attack to recover the filepasswords for QuickBooks
2001 or earlier. To open arecovered file, open it in
QuickBooks and enter therecovered password when
prompted.

QuickBooks Password Module

QuickBooks 2003–
2004

PRTK resets the filepasswords for QuickBooks
2003–2004. To open arecovered file, open it in
QuickBooks and enter ablank password when
prompted.

QuickBooks Password Module

Multiple Attacks| 170

PRTK and DNA Multiple Attack-Type Modules (Continued)

Supported
Application

Attack Types

PRTK Module

Quicken 2004 or
earlier

Dictionary
Decryption
Reset
PRTK uses a dictionary
attack to recover the filepasswords for Quicken
2003–2004. A decryption
attack is used for Quicken
2001 or earlier. PRTK resets
the password to a blankpassword for Quicken 2002.

Quicken Password Module

Visual Basic forApplications (VBA)

Dictionary
Decryption
Reset

VBA Password Module

Windows PWL files

Decryption
Dictionary

PWL Password Module

WinZip 8 or earlier

Keyspace
Dictionary

ZIP Password ModuleThis module is also used for PKZIP.

Multiple Attacks| 171

Appendix B

Password Recovery Attacks

A profile is the combination of four individual components: Languages, Character Groups, Dictionaries, andRules, each described below.

Languages
Language selection affects two aspects of password recovery: the dictionaries selected for dictionary attacks(which can also be independently selected and deselected), and the character sets that will be used in Rules
that use computer generated characters as opposed to reading words from a dictionary. PRTK and DNA currently
support the following character sets: Arabic, English, French, German, Italian, Russian and Spanish.

Character Groups
Character groups allow a profile to refine and expand the set of characters that will be used in Rules thatgenerate characters. The following character groups can be selected or deselected for the given profile:

Available Character Groups
Character Group

Description

All 7-bit Characters(ASCII)

Character represented by a value from 0 to 127 encoded as a byte.

All 8-bit Characters

Character represented by a value from 0 to 255 encoded as a byte.

Uppercase Letters

Characters represented as uppercase for the selected languages in the profile (forlanguages that support uppercase and lowercase characters).

Lowercase Letters

Characters represented as lowercase for the selected languages in the profile (forlanguages that support uppercase and lowercase characters).

Diacritics

The combination of a character and an additional mark sometimes referred to as anaccent.

DigitsCharacters represented as numbers for the selected languages in the profile (forlanguages that support digit characters).

Symbols (Standard)

Non-Alphanumeric characters that can be found on a keyboard.

Languages| 172

Available Character Groups (Continued)
Character Group

Description

Symbols (Extended)

Non-Alphanumeric characters that cannot be found on a keyboard. Characters
selected from the character map utility provided in Microsoft Windows, for example.

Character Groups| 173

Default Dictionaries
Dictionaries are word list groupings that have been complied in several different languages in both a codepage
and Unicode format. PRTK and DNA will select the correct format depending on whether a module uses
codepage or Unicode. Once a dictionary has reached 500,000 entries, a new codepage and Unicode dictionaryis created.
PRTK and DNA ship with the following dictionaries:

Default Dictionaries Listed by Default Language Profile
Language

FormatArabic[AR-1] Names-ar-c.adf: Arabic Names (codepage)[AR-1] Names-ar-u.adf: Arabic Names (Unicode)[AR-2] Quran-ar-c.adf: Arabic words from the Quran (codepage)[AR-2] Quran-ar-u.adf: Arabic words from the Quran (Unicode)[AR-3] General-ar-c.adf: General Arabic words (codepage)[AR-3] General-ar-u.adf: General Arabic words (Unicode)

German[DE-1] General-1-de-c.adf: General German words – List 1 (codepage)[DE-1] General-1-de-u.adf: General German words – List 1 (Unicode)[DE-1] General-2-de-c.adf: General German words – List 2 (codepage)[DE-1] General-2-de-u.adf: General German words – List 2 (Unicode)[DE-1] General-3-de-c.adf: General German words – List 3 (codepage)[DE-1] General-3-de-u.adf: General German words – List 3 (Unicode)[DE-1] General-4-de-c.adf: General German words – List 4 (codepage)[DE-1] General-4-de-u.adf: General German words – List 4 (Unicode)

English[EN-1] Common-en-c.adf: Common English words and passwords (codepage)[EN-1] Common-en-u.adf: Common English words and passwords (Unicode)[EN-2] Miscellaneous-en-c.adf: Crime related, keyboard sequences and words that may
not be found in normal dictionaries (codepage)[EN-2] Miscellaneous-en-u.adf: Crime related, keyboard sequences and words that
may not be found in normal dictionaries (Unicode)[EN-3] Names-en-c.adf: Common English first names, last names and business names(Codepage)[EN-3] Names-en-u.adf: Common English first names, last names and business names(Unicode)[EN-4] General-1-en-c.adf: General English words, not found in the other English
dictionaries – List 1 (codepage)[EN-4] General-1-en-u.adf: General English words, not found in the other English
dictionaries – List 1 (Unicode)[EN-4] General-2-en-c.adf: General English words, not found in the other English
dictionaries – List 2 (codepage)[EN-4] General-2-en-u.adf: General English words, not found in the other English
dictionaries – List 2 (Unicode)

Spanish[ES-1] General-es-c.adf: General Spanish words (codepage)[ES-1] General-es-u.adf: General Spanish words (Unicode)

French[FR-1] General-fr-c.adf: General French words (codepage)[FR-1] General-fr-u.adf: General French words (Unicode)

Default Dictionaries| 174

Default Dictionaries Listed by Default Language Profile (Continued)
Language

FormatItalian[IT-1] General-it-c.adf: General Italian words (codepage)[IT-1] General-it-u.adf: General Italian words (Unicode)

Japanese[JA-1] Hiragana-ja-c.adf: Japanese words from the Hiragana dialect (codepage)[JA-1] Hiragana-ja-u.adf: Japanese words from the Hiragana dialect (Unicode)[JA-2] Kanji-ja-c.adf: Japanese words from the Kanji dialect (codepage)[JA-2] Kanji-ja-u.adf: Japanese words from the Kanji dialect (Unicode)[JA-3] Katakana-ja-c.adf: Japanese words from the Katakana dialect (codepage)[JA-3] Katakana-ja-u.adf: Japanese words from the Katakana dialect (Unicode)

Russian[RU-1] General-1-ru-c.adf: General Russian words – list 1 (codepage)[RU-1] General-1-ru-u.adf: General Russian words – list 1 (Unicode)[RU-1] General-2-ru-c.adf: General Russian words – list 2 (codepage)[RU-1] General-2-ru-u.adf: General Russian words – list 2 (Unicode)

Slovak[SK-1] General-sk-c.adf: General Slovak words (codepage)[SK-1] General-sk-u.adf: General Slovak words (Unicode)

Default Dictionaries| 175

RulesRules create password tests that are:
Words that are read from dictionaries
Characters that are computer generated
A combination of bothThis table lists the intensity of each Rule:

Basic, Advanced, and Pass Phrase Rules Differences
Attempt Category

Attempt Intensity

Basic (BAS)

1—Less than one-million tests
2—One-million to one-billion tests
3—One-billion to ten-billion tests

Advanced (ADV)

1—Ten-billion to 25-billion tests
2—25-billion to 50-billion tests
3—50-billion to 100-billion tests
4—More than 100-billion tests

Pass Phrase (PP)

1—Less that 100-billion tests
2—100-billion to one-trillion tests
3—More than one-trillion tests

Default Rule Order
Rule order can be changed, rearranged to meet your specific needs. This table shows the default Rule order for
new profiles:

PRTK & DNA Default Rule Order
Rule

Description

Example(BAS-1-01)

One digit search

9(BAS-1-02)

One letter, language specific searchb(BAS-1-03)

Two digit search

33(BAS-1-04)

Two letter, language specific search

XP(BAS-1-05)

Three digit search

456(BAS-1-06)

Three letter, language specific searchaBc(BAS-1-07)

Four digit search

9876(BAS-1-08)

Five digit search

15935(BAS-1-09)

Five Markov characters within a threshold of one hundred withtwo characters upper cased search(BAS-1-10)

Six digit search

123456

Rules

| 176

PRTK & DNA Default Rule Order (Continued)
Rule

Description

Example(BAS-1-11)

Four Markov characters with a threshold of one primary search(BAS-2-01)

Four letter, language specific search

ZXcv(BAS-2-02)

Five letter, language specific search

LKJhg(BAS-2-03)

Five Markov characters with a threshold of one primary
searchrevid(BAS-2-04)

Five Markov characters with a threshold of one primary
reverse search

elpa(BAS-2-05)

Six Markov characters with a threshold of one primary searchclorne(BAS-2-06)

Six Markov characters with a threshold of one hundred withtwo characters upper cased search(BAS-2-07)

Six Markov characters with a threshold of one primary reverse
searchenrolc(BAS-2-08)

Seven digit search

7777777(BAS-2-09)

Seven Markov characters with a threshold of fifty primary
searchdrotune(BAS-2-10)

Seven Markov characters with a threshold of fifty primary
reverse searchenutord(BAS-2-11)

Seven Markov characters with a threshold of one hundred withtwo characters upper cased search(BAS-2-12)

Seven digit telephone number search555-1234(BAS-2-13)

Eight digit search

98765432(BAS-2-14)

Eight Markov characters with a threshold of fifty primary
searchschroten(BAS-2-15)

Eight Markov characters with a threshold of fifty primary
reverse search

netorhcs(BAS-2-16)

Eight Markov characters with a threshold of one hundred withtwo characters upper cased search(BAS-2-17)

Dictionary primary search

Apple(BAS-2-18)

Dictionary primary reverse searchllabesab(BAS-2-19)

Dictionary with two characters upper cased searchpeACh(BAS-2-20)

Dictionary primary character replacements search

b@n@n@(BAS-2-21)

Dictionary primary followed by common postfixes search

jazz#1(BAS-2-22)

Dictionary primary preceded by common prefixes search

drBob(BAS-2-23)

Dictionary primary followed by a one digit searchorange2(BAS-2-24)

Dictionary primary preceded by a one digit search

1pear

Rules

| 177

PRTK & DNA Default Rule Order (Continued)
Rule

Description

Example(BAS-2-25)

Dictionary primary followed by a one letter, language specificsearchstrawberryQ(BAS-2-26)

Dictionary primary preceded by a one letter, language specificsearchxCherry(BAS-2-27)

Dictionary primary followed by a non-alphanumeric symbol
searchplum$(BAS-2-28)

Dictionary primary preceded by a language-specific nonalphanumeric symbol search^raspberry(BAS-2-29)

Dictionary primary character replacement, followed by a one
digit search@pple5(BAS-2-30)

Dictionary primary character replacement, preceded by a one
digit search

3Pea[h(BAS-2-31)

Dictionary primary preceded and followed by a one digit
search4orange4(BAS-2-32)

Dictionary primary followed by a two digits searchbANANA55(BAS-2-33)

Dictionary primary preceded by a two digits search

12CHERRY(BAS-2-34)

Dictionary primary preceded by common prefixes and followed
by a one digit search

mrAnderson1(BAS-2-35)

Dictionary primary preceded by one digit followed by common
postfixes

3cat’s(BAS-2-36)

Date Search (Two digit year)

12-17-83(BAS-2-37)

Three letter, language specific characters followed by common
postfixes

trw123(BAS-2-38)

Three letter, language specific characters preceded bycommon prefixes

abcmgh(BAS-2-39)

Five Markov Characters with a threshold of one followed bycommon postfixes

revid123(BAS-2-40)

Five Markov Characters with a threshold of one preceded bycommon prefixes

abcrevid(BAS-2-41)

Six Markov Characters with a threshold of fifty followed bycommon postfixes(BAS-2-42)

Six Markov Characters with a threshold of fifty preceded bycommon prefixes(BAS-2-43)

Nine Markov characters with a threshold of one hundred
search(BAS-3-01)

Dictionary primary with a non-alphanumeric symbol inserted
searchapp&le(BAS-3-02)

Dictionary primary character replacement, followed by a twodigit search@apple23

Rules

| 178

PRTK & DNA Default Rule Order (Continued)
Rule

Description

Example(BAS-3-03)

Dictionary primary character replacement, preceded by a twodigit search

76app|e(BAS-3-04)

Dictionary primary followed by a three digit search

apple258(BAS-3-05)

Dictionary primary preceded by a three digit search

987apple(BAS-3-06)

Social Security Number Search

123-45-6789(BAS-3-07)

Four letter, language specific characters preceded by common
prefixes

abcPoUy(BAS-3-08)

Four letter, language specific characters followed by common
postfixes

Asdf123(ADV-1-01)

All one-character, language-specific searcha(ADV-1-02)

All two character, language-specific search

1a(ADV-1-03)

All three-character, language-specific search!1a(ADV-1-04)

All four-character, language-specific search

1a%(ADV-1-05)

One digit followed by three language-specific characterssearch

7!qy(ADV-1-06)

Three language-specific characters followed by one digit
searchtuh5(ADV-1-07)

One language-specific character followed by a four digit
search*1234(ADV-1-08)

One digit followed by four language-specific characters search

5wert(ADV-1-09)

Two language-specific characters followed by a three digit
searchxx333(ADV-1-10)

Two digits followed by three language-specific characterssearch93!Q2(ADV-1-11)

Three language-specific characters followed by a two digit
search!@d56(ADV-1-12)

Four language-specific characters followed by a one digit
search

A$Df6(ADV-1-13)

Four language-specific characters followed by a nonalphanumeric symbol search

P0&6@(ADV-1-14)

Four language-specific characters preceded by a nonalphanumeric symbol search$t7^3(ADV-1-15)

Six letter, language specific search

QwErTy(ADV-1-16)

Two digits followed by four language-specific characterssearch22asD%(ADV-1-17)

Two language-specific characters followed by four digits
search$%1234

Rules

| 179

PRTK & DNA Default Rule Order (Continued)
Rule

Description

Example(ADV-1-18)

Three language-specific characters followed by a three digit
search4%$123(ADV-1-19)

Four language-specific characters followed by a two digit
searchAa4$77(ADV-1-20)

Dictionary primary followed by a two letter, language specificsearchAppleff(ADV-1-21)

Dictionary primary preceded by a two letter, language specificsearchquapple(ADV-1-22)

Dictionary primary preceded by a two digit followed bycommon postfixes

12appleabc(ADV-1-23)

Dictionary primary preceded by common prefixes and followed
by a two digit searchabcapple12(ADV-1-24)

Dictionary primary preceded and followed by a two digit search

12apple34(ADV-1-25)

Dictionary primary followed by a four digit search

apple4567(ADV-1-26)

Dictionary primary preceded by a four digit search

2468apple(ADV-1-27)

Ten digit telephone number search

800-555-8888(ADV-2-01)

All five-character, language-specific search

Hg^(s(ADV-3-01)

Four language-specific characters with a non-alphanumericsymbol inserted search

a3&c8(ADV-3-02)

Four language-specific characters followed by a three digit
searchr6zg555(ADV-4-01)

All six-character, language-specific search

Dg*4g&(ADV-4-02)

Seven letter searchaAbBcCd(ADV-4-03)

All seven-character, language-specific search

a1!c$t7(ADV-4-04)

Eight letter searchsLdKIenD(ADV-4-05)

All eight-character, language-specific search!@#$12we(ADV-4-06)

Nine letter, language specific searchaISODheKg(ADV-4-07)

All nine-character, language-specific search*&g1234(ADV-4-08)

Ten letter, language specific search

SOdkghdlSJ(ADV-4-09)

All ten-character, language-specific search

1a!2b@3c#4(ADV-4-10)

All eleven-character, language-specific search

1a!2b@3c#4D(ADV-4-11)

All twelve-character, language-specific search

1a!2b@3c#4D$(PP-1-01)

Two word concatenation without spaces searchdogcat(PP-1-02)

Two word concatenation with spaces searchcat dog

Rules

| 180

If you create additional Rules, more Rules are added to the password attacks. If you select Customized
Dictionaries, more Rules will be added to the attack.

Rules

| 181

Profiles
DNA and PRTK share the same profile names, though the DNA Profiles use additional Rules (suggested for
distributed processing only). These Profiles are discussed in detail later in this chapter.

PRTK & DNA Default Profiles
Profile Name

Profile NameEnglish (default)

Pass-phrase

English Transitional

FTK ImportArabic

PRTKEuropean



DNA



RussianEnglish Profile
The English profile begins by searching for simple passwords, followed by, dictionary and permutated dictionary
searches, and ends with complex searches for dictionary and computed password. The program uses all default
English dictionaries and character sets.

English Profile Dictionaries
Default Dictionaries for the English Profile
Dictionary Name

Dictionary Name

[EN-1] Common-en-c.adf[EN-3] Names-en-u.adf[EN-1] Common-en-u.adf[EN-4] General-1-en-c.adf[EN-2] Miscellaneous-en-c.adf[EN-4] General-1-en-u.adf[EN-2] Miscellaneous-en-u.adf[EN-4] General-2-en-c.adf[EN-3] Names-en-c.adf[EN-4] General-2-en-u.adf

English Profile Rules (In Default Order)
1.

(BAS-1-01) One digit search

2.

(BAS-1-03) Two digit search

3.

(BAS-1-05) Three digit search

4.

(BAS-1-07) Four digit search

5.

(BAS-1-08) Five digit search

6.

(BAS-1-02) One letter, language specific search

Profiles

| 182

7.

(BAS-1-04) Two letter, language specific search

8.

(BAS-1-06) Three letter, language specific search

9.

(ADV-1-01) All one-character, language-specific search

10. (BAS-1-11) Four Markov characters with a threshold of one primary search
11. (BAS-2-03) Five Markov characters with a threshold of one primary search
12. (BAS-2-17) Dictionary primary search
13. (BAS-2-01) Four letter, language specific search
14. (BAS-2-04) Five Markov characters with a threshold of one primary reverse search
15. (ADV-1-07) One language-specific character followed by a four digit search
16. (BAS-1-10) Six digit search
17. (BAS-2-36) Date Search (two digit year)
18. (ADV-1-03) All three-character, language-specific search
19. (BAS-2-05) Six Markov characters with a threshold of one primary search
20. (BAS-2-09) Seven Markov characters with a threshold of fifty primary search
21. (BAS-2-21) Dictionary primary followed by common postfixes search
22. (BAS-2-22) Dictionary primary preceded by common prefixes search
23. (BAS-2-23) Dictionary primary followed by a one digit search
24. (BAS-2-24) Dictionary primary preceded by a one digit search
25. (BAS-2-25) Dictionary primary followed by a one letter, language specific search
26. (BAS-2-26) Dictionary primary preceded by a one letter, language specific search
27. (BAS-2-20) Dictionary primary character replacements search
28. (BAS-2-13) Eight digit search
29. (BAS-2-12) Seven digit telephone number search
30. (ADV-1-05) One digit followed by three language-specific characters search
31. (ADV-1-06) Three language-specific characters followed by one digit search
32. (BAS-2-10) Seven Markov characters with a threshold of fifty primary reverse search
33. (BAS-2-02) Five letter, language specific search
34. (ADV-1-17) Two language-specific characters followed by four digits search
35. (BAS-2-14) Eight Markov characters with a threshold of fifty primary search
36. (BAS-2-15) Eight Markov characters with a threshold of fifty primary reverse search
37. (BAS-2-27) Dictionary primary followed by a non-alphanumeric symbol search
38. (BAS-2-28) Dictionary primary preceded by a language-specific non-alphanumeric symbol search
39. (BAS-2-32) Dictionary primary followed by a two digits search
40. (BAS-2-33) Dictionary primary preceded by a two digits search
41. (BAS-2-31) Dictionary primary preceded and followed by a one digit search
42. (BAS-2-19) Dictionary with two characters upper cased search
43. (BAS-2-43) Nine Markov characters with a threshold of one hundred search
44. (ADV-1-10) Two digits followed by three language-specific characters search
45. (ADV-1-11) Three language-specific characters followed by a two digit search
46. (ADV-1-04) All four-character, language-specific search
47. (BAS-3-01) Dictionary primary with a non-alphanumeric symbol inserted search

Profiles| 183

48. (BAS-3-04) Dictionary primary followed by a three digit search
49. (BAS-3-05) Dictionary primary preceded by a three digit search
50. (BAS-3-06) Social Security Number Search
51. (ADV-1-18) Three language-specific characters followed by a three digit search
52. (ADV-1-08) One digit followed by four language-specific characters search
53. (ADV-1-12) Four language-specific characters followed by a one digit search
54. (ADV-1-20) Dictionary primary followed by a two letter, language specific search
55. (ADV-1-21) Dictionary primary preceded by a two letter, language specific search
56. (ADV-1-15) Six letter, language specific search
57. English Transitional
58. English Transitional follows the same order of the DNA and PRTK English profile. It is useful for re-submitting unfinished jobs.

Arabic Profile
The Arabic profile begins by searching for simple passwords, followed by, dictionary and permutated dictionary
searches, and ends with complex searches for dictionary and computed password. All default Arabic dictionaries
and character sets are used.

Arabic Profile Dictionaries
Default Dictionaries for the Arabic Profile
Dictionary Name

Dictionary Name

[AR-1] Names-ar-c.adf[AR-2] Quran-ar-u.adf[AR-1] Names-ar-u.adf[AR-3] General-ar-c.adf[AR-2] Quran-ar-c.adf[AR-3] General-ar-u.adf

Arabic Profile Rules (In Default Order)
1.

(BAS-1-01) One digit search

2.

(BAS-1-03) Two digit search

3.

(BAS-1-05) Three digit search

4.

(BAS-1-07) Four digit search

5.

(BAS-1-08) Five digit search

6.

(BAS-1-02) One letter, language specific search

7.

(BAS-1-04) Two letter, language specific search

8.

(BAS-1-06) Three letter, language specific search

9.

(ADV-1-01) All one-character, language-specific search

10. (ADV-1-02) All two character, language-specific search
11. (BAS-1-11) Four Markov characters with a threshold of one primary search

Profiles| 184

12. (BAS-2-03) Five Markov characters with a threshold of one primary search
13. (BAS-2-17) Dictionary primary search
14. (BAS-2-01) Four letter, language specific search
15. (BAS-2-04) Five Markov characters with a threshold of one primary reverse search
16. (ADV-1-07) One language-specific character followed by a four digit search
17. (BAS-1-10) Six digit search
18. (BAS-2-36) Date Search (two digit year)
19. (ADV-1-03) All three-character, language-specific search
20. BAS-2-18) Dictionary primary reverse search
21. (BAS-2-05) Six Markov characters with a threshold of one primary search
22. (BAS-2-07) Six Markov characters with a threshold of one primary reverse search
23. (BAS-2-09) Seven Markov characters with a threshold of fifty primary search
24. (BAS-2-21) Dictionary primary followed by common postfixes search
25. (BAS-2-22) Dictionary primary preceded by common prefixes search
26. (BAS-2-23) Dictionary primary followed by a one digit search
27. (BAS-2-24) Dictionary primary preceded by a one digit search
28. (BAS-2-25) Dictionary primary followed by a one letter, language specific search
29. (BAS-2-26) Dictionary primary preceded by a one letter, language specific search
30. (BAS-2-20) Dictionary primary character replacements search
31. (BAS-2-13) Eight digit search
32. (BAS-2-12) 7-digit telephone number search
33. (ADV-1-05) One digit followed by three language-specific characters search
34. (BAS-2-10) Seven Markov characters with a threshold of fifty primary reverse search
35. (BAS-2-02) Five letter, language specific search
36. (ADV-1-17) Two language-specific characters followed by four digits search
37. (BAS-2-14) Eight Markov characters with a threshold of fifty primary search
38. (BAS-2-15) Eight Markov characters with a threshold of fifty primary reverse search
39. (BAS-2-27) Dictionary primary followed by a non-alphanumeric symbol search
40. (BAS-2-28) Dictionary primary preceded by a language-specific non-alphanumeric symbol search
41. (BAS-2-32) Dictionary primary followed by a two digits search
42. (BAS-2-33) Dictionary primary preceded by a two digits search
43. (BAS-2-31) Dictionary primary preceded and followed by a one digit search
44. (BAS-2-19) Dictionary with two characters upper cased search
45. (ADV-1-10) Two digits followed by three language-specific characters search
46. (ADV-1-11) Three language-specific characters followed by a two digit search
47. (ADV-1-04) All four-character, language-specific search
48. (BAS-3-04) Dictionary primary followed by a three digit search
49. (BAS-3-05) Dictionary primary preceded by a three digit search
50. (BAS-3-06) Social Security Number Search
51. (ADV-1-18) Three language-specific characters followed by a three digit search
52. (ADV-1-08) One digit followed by four language-specific characters search

Profiles| 185

53. (ADV-1-12) Four language-specific characters followed by a one digit search
54. (ADV-1-20) Dictionary primary followed by a two letter, language specific search
55. (ADV-1-21) Dictionary primary preceded by a two letter, language specific search
56. (ADV-1-15) Six letter, language specific search

European Profile
The European profile begins by searching for simple passwords, followed by dictionary and permutateddictionary searches, and ends with complex searches for dictionary and computed password. All default
German, French, Italian, and Spanish dictionaries and character sets are used.

European Profile Dictionaries
Default Dictionaries for the European Profile
Dictionary Name

Dictionary Name

[DE-1] General-1-de-c.adf[DE-1] General-4-de-u.adf[DE-1] General-1-de-u.adf[ES-1] General-es-c.adf[DE-1] General-2-de-c.adf[ES-1] General-es-u.adf[DE-1] General-2-de-u.adf[FR-1] General-fr-c.adf[DE-1] General-3-de-c.adf[FR-1] General-fr-u.adf[DE-1] General-3-de-u.adf[IT-1] General-it-c.adf[DE-1] General-4-de-c.adf[IT-1] General-it-u.adf

European Profile Rules (In Default Order)
1.

(BAS-1-01) One digit search

2.

(BAS-1-03) Two digit search

3.

(BAS-1-05) Three digit search

4.

(BAS-1-07) Four digit search

5.

(BAS-1-08) Five digit search

6.

(BAS-1-02) One letter, language specific search

7.

(BAS-1-04) Two letter, language specific search

8.

(BAS-1-06) Three letter, language specific search

9.

(ADV-1-01) All one-character, language-specific search

10. (ADV-1-02) All two character, language-specific search
11. (BAS-1-11) Four Markov characters with a threshold of one primary search
12. (BAS-2-03) Five Markov characters with a threshold of one primary search
13. (BAS-2-17) Dictionary primary search
14. (BAS-2-01) Four letter, language specific search

Profiles| 186

15. (BAS-2-04) Five Markov characters with a threshold of one primary reverse search
16. (ADV-1-07) One language-specific character followed by a four digit search
17. (BAS-1-10) Six digit search
18. (BAS-2-36) Date Search (two digit year)
19. (ADV-1-03) All three-character, language-specific search
20. (BAS-2-18) Dictionary primary reverse search
21. (BAS-2-05) Six Markov characters with a threshold of one primary search
22. (BAS-2-07) Six Markov characters with a threshold of one primary reverse search
23. (BAS-2-09) Seven Markov characters with a threshold of fifty primary search
24. (BAS-2-21) Dictionary primary followed by common postfixes search
25. (BAS-2-22) Dictionary primary preceded by common prefixes search
26. (BAS-2-23) Dictionary primary followed by a one digit search
27. (BAS-2-24) Dictionary primary preceded by a one digit search
28. (BAS-2-25) Dictionary primary followed by a one letter, language specific search
29. (BAS-2-26) Dictionary primary preceded by a one letter, language specific search
30. (BAS-2-20) Dictionary primary character replacements search
31. (BAS-2-13) Eight digit search
32. (BAS-2-12) Seven digit telephone number search
33. (ADV-1-05) One digit followed by three language-specific characters search
34. (BAS-2-10) Seven Markov characters with a threshold of fifty primary reverse search
35. (BAS-2-02) Five letter, language specific search
36. (ADV-1-17) Two language-specific characters followed by four digits search
37. (BAS-2-14) Eight Markov characters with a threshold of fifty primary search
38. (BAS-2-15) Eight Markov characters with a threshold of fifty primary reverse search
39. (BAS-2-27) Dictionary primary followed by a non-alphanumeric symbol search
40. (BAS-2-28) Dictionary primary preceded by a language-specific non-alphanumeric symbol search
41. (BAS-2-32) Dictionary primary followed by a two digits search
42. (BAS-2-33) Dictionary primary preceded by a two digits search
43. (BAS-2-31) Dictionary primary preceded and followed by a one digit search
44. (BAS-2-19) Dictionary with two characters upper cased search
45. (ADV-1-10) Two digits followed by three language-specific characters search
46. (ADV-1-11) Three language-specific characters followed by a two digit search
47. (ADV-1-04) All four-character, language-specific search
48. (BAS-3-04) Dictionary primary followed by a three digit search
49. (BAS-3-05) Dictionary primary preceded by a three digit search
50. (BAS-3-06) Social Security Number Search
51. (ADV-1-18) Three language-specific characters followed by a three digit search
52. (ADV-1-08) One digit followed by four language-specific characters search
53. (ADV-1-12) Four language-specific characters followed by a one digit search
54. (ADV-1-20) Dictionary primary followed by a two letter, language specific search
55. (ADV-1-21) Dictionary primary preceded by a two letter, language specific search

Profiles| 18756. (ADV-1-15) Six letter, language specific search

Russian Profile
The Russian profile begins by searching for simple passwords, followed by, dictionary and permutated dictionary
searches, and ends with complex searches for dictionary and computed password. All default Russian
dictionaries and character sets are used.

Russian Profile Dictionaries
Default Dictionaries for the Default Russian Profile
Dictionary Name

Dictionary Name

[RU-1] General-1-ru-c.adf[RU-1] General-2-ru-c.adf[RU-1] General-1-ru-u.adf[RU-1] General-2-ru-u.adf

Russian Profile Rules (In Default Order)
1.

(BAS-1-01) One digit search

2.

(BAS-1-03) Two digit search

3.

(BAS-1-05) Three digit search

4.

(BAS-1-07) Four digit search

5.

(BAS-1-08) Five digit search

6.

(BAS-1-02) One letter, language specific search

7.

(BAS-1-04) Two letter, language specific search

8.

(BAS-1-06) Three letter, language specific search

9.

(ADV-1-01) All one-character, language-specific search

10. (ADV-1-02) All two character, language-specific search
11. (BAS-1-11) Four Markov characters with a threshold of one primary search
12. (BAS-2-03) Five Markov characters with a threshold of one primary search
13. (BAS-2-17) Dictionary primary search
14. (BAS-2-01) Four letter, language specific search
15. (BAS-2-04) Five Markov characters with a threshold of one primary reverse search
16. (ADV-1-07) One language-specific character followed by a four digit search
17. (BAS-1-10) Six digit search
18. (BAS-2-36) Date Search (Two digit year)
19. (ADV-1-03) All three-character, language-specific search
20. (BAS-2-18) Dictionary primary reverse search
21. (BAS-2-05) Six Markov characters with a threshold of one primary search
22. (BAS-2-07) Six Markov characters with a threshold of one primary reverse search
23. (BAS-2-09) Seven Markov characters with a threshold of fifty primary search

Profiles| 188

24. (BAS-2-21) Dictionary primary followed by common postfixes search
25. (BAS-2-22) Dictionary primary preceded by common prefixes search
26. (BAS-2-23) Dictionary primary followed by a one digit search
27. (BAS-2-24) Dictionary primary preceded by a one digit search
28. (BAS-2-25) Dictionary primary followed by a one letter, language specific search
29. (BAS-2-26) Dictionary primary preceded by a one letter, language specific search
30. (BAS-2-20) Dictionary primary character replacements search
31. (BAS-2-13) Eight digit search
32. (BAS-2-12) Seven digit telephone number search
33. (ADV-1-05) One digit followed by three language-specific characters search
34. (BAS-2-10) Seven Markov characters with a threshold of fifty primary reverse search
35. (BAS-2-02) Five letter, language specific search
36. (ADV-1-17) Two language-specific characters followed by four digits search
37. (BAS-2-14) Eight Markov characters with a threshold of fifty primary search
38. (BAS-2-15) Eight Markov characters with a threshold of fifty primary reverse search
39. (BAS-2-27) Dictionary primary followed by a non-alphanumeric symbol search
40. (BAS-2-28) Dictionary primary preceded by a language-specific non-alphanumeric symbol search
41. (BAS-2-32) Dictionary primary followed by a two digits search
42. (BAS-2-33) Dictionary primary preceded by a two digits search
43. (BAS-2-31) Dictionary primary preceded and followed by a one digit search
44. (BAS-2-19) Dictionary with two characters upper cased search
45. (ADV-1-10) Two digits followed by three language-specific characters search
46. (ADV-1-11) Three language-specific characters followed by a two digit search
47. (ADV-1-04) All four-character, language-specific search
48. (BAS-3-04) Dictionary primary followed by a three digit search
49. (BAS-3-05) Dictionary primary preceded by a three digit search
50. (BAS-3-06) Social Security Number Search
51. (ADV-1-18) Three language-specific characters followed by a three digit search
52. (ADV-1-08) One digit followed by four language-specific characters search
53. (ADV-1-12) Four language-specific characters followed by a one digit search
54. (ADV-1-20) Dictionary primary followed by a two letter, language specific search
55. (ADV-1-21) Dictionary primary preceded by a two letter, language specific search
56. (ADV-1-15) Six letter, language specific searchPass-phrases
All Pass-phrase Rules are in English

Profiles| 189

Pass-phrase Dictionaries
Default Dictionaries for the Default Pass-Phrase Profile
Dictionary Name

Dictionary Name

[EN-1] Common-en-c.adf[EN-3] Names-en-u.adf[EN-1] Common-en-u.adf[EN-4] General-1-en-c.adf[EN-2] Miscellaneous-en-c.adf[EN-4] General-1-en-u.adf[EN-2] Miscellaneous-en-u.adf[EN-4] General-2-en-c.adf[EN-3] Names-en-c.adf[EN-4] General-2-en-u.adf

Pass-phrase Rules (In Default Order)1.

(PP-1-03) Dictionary preceded by a verb or prepositional phrase search2.

(PP-1-04) The common English dictionary preceded by a verb or prepositional phrase search3.

(PP-2-01) Word inserted into another word search

4.

(PP-2-02) Dictionary followed by a verb or prepositional phrase followed by a Dictionary search

5.

(PP-2-03) Two word pass-phrase using the common English dictionary6.

(PP-3-01) Three word concatenation without spaces search

7.

(PP-3-02) Three word concatenation with spaces search

8.

(PP-3-03) Four word concatenation without spaces search

9.

(PP-3-04) Four word concatenation with spaces search

FTK Import
Used as a template for FTK imported word lists.

FTK Import Dictionaries
None Defined. Intended for user to select FTK imported dictionaries.

FTK Import Rules
Dictionary normalized, lowercase search.

PRTK Profile
Rules in this profile are ordered by research conducted on recovered passwords.

Profiles| 190

PRTK Profile Dictionaries
Default Dictionaries for the Default PRTK Profile
Dictionary Name

Dictionary Name

[EN-1] Common-en-c.adf[EN-3] Names-en-u.adf[EN-1] Common-en-u.adf[EN-4] General-1-en-c.adf[EN-2] Miscellaneous-en-c.adf[EN-4] General-1-en-u.adf[EN-2] Miscellaneous-en-u.adf[EN-4] General-2-en-c.adf[EN-3] Names-en-c.adf[EN-4] General-2-en-u.adf

PRTK Profile Rules (In Default Order)
1.

(BAS-1-01) One digit search

2.

(BAS-1-07) Four digit search

3.

(BAS-1-03) Two digit search

4.

(BAS-2-17) Dictionary primary search

5.

(BAS-1-02) One letter, language specific search

6.

(BAS-1-05) Three digit search

7.

(ADV-1-01) All one-character, language-specific search

8.

(BAS-1-04) Two letter, language specific search

9.

(BAS-2-23) Dictionary primary followed by a one digit search

10. (BAS-1-08) Five digit search
11. (ADV-1-02) All two character, language-specific search
12. (BAS-1-06) Three letter, language specific search
13. (BAS-1-10) Six digit search
14. (BAS-2-01) Four letter, language specific search
15. (ADV-1-03) All three-character, language-specific search
16. (BAS-2-25) Dictionary primary followed by a one letter, language specific search
17. (BAS-2-08) Seven digit search
18. (ADV-1-04) All four-character, language-specific search
19. (ADV-1-09) Two language-specific characters followed by a three digit search
20. (BAS-2-20) Dictionary primary character replacements search
21. (BAS-2-03) Five Markov characters with a threshold of one primary search
22. (BAS-2-13) Eight digit search
23. (BAS-2-02) Five letter, language specific search
24. (BAS-2-32) Dictionary primary followed by a two digits search
25. (ADV-1-20) Dictionary primary followed by a two letter, language specific search
26. (BAS-2-09) Seven Markov characters with a threshold of fifty primary search
27. (ADV-1-07) One language-specific character followed by a four digit search

Profiles| 191

28. (BAS-2-26) Dictionary primary preceded by a one letter, language specific search
29. (BAS-2-18) Dictionary primary reverse search
30. (ADV-1-05) One digit followed by three language-specific characters search
31. (ADV-1-15) Six letter, language specific search
32. (ADV-2-01) All five-character, language-specific search

DNA Profile
Rules in this profile are ordered by research conducted on recovered passwords.

DNA Profile Dictionaries
Default Dictionaries for the Default DNA Profile
Dictionary Name

Dictionary Name

[EN-1] Common-en-c.adf[EN-3] Names-en-u.adf[EN-1] Common-en-u.adf[EN-4] General-1-en-c.adf[EN-2] Miscellaneous-en-c.adf[EN-4] General-1-en-u.adf[EN-2] Miscellaneous-en-u.adf[EN-4] General-2-en-c.adf[EN-3] Names-en-c.adf[EN-4] General-2-en-u.adf

DNA Profile Rules (In Default Order)
1.

(BAS-1-01) One digit search

2.

(BAS-1-07) Four digit search

3.

(BAS-1-03) Two digit search

4.

(BAS-2-17) Dictionary primary search

5.

(BAS-1-02) One letter, language specific search

6.

(BAS-1-05) Three digit search

7.

(ADV-1-01) All one-character, language-specific search

8.

(BAS-1-04) Two letter, language specific search

9.

(BAS-2-23) Dictionary primary followed by a one digit search

10. (BAS-1-08) Five digit search
11. (ADV-1-02) All two character, language-specific search
12. (BAS-1-06) Three letter, language specific search
13. (BAS-1-10) Six digit search
14. (BAS-2-01) Four letter, language specific search
15. (ADV-1-03) All three-character, language-specific search
16. (BAS-2-25) Dictionary primary followed by a one letter, language specific search
17. (BAS-2-08) Seven digit search

Profiles| 192

18. (ADV-1-04) All four-character, language-specific search
19. (ADV-1-09) Two language-specific characters followed by a three digit search
20. (BAS-2-20) Dictionary primary character replacements search
21. (BAS-2-03) Five Markov characters with a threshold of one primary search
22. (BAS-2-13) Eight digit search
23. (BAS-2-02) Five letter, language specific search
24. (BAS-2-32) Dictionary primary followed by a two digits search
25. (ADV-1-20) Dictionary primary followed by a two letter, language specific search
26. (BAS-2-09) Seven Markov characters with a threshold of fifty primary search
27. (ADV-1-07) One language-specific character followed by a four digit search
28. (BAS-2-26) Dictionary primary preceded by a one letter, language specific search
29. (BAS-2-18) Dictionary primary reverse search

Profiles| 193

Character Replacements
This list shows characters commonly replaced for each other:

PRTK and DNA Common Character Replacements
Replace 1 with L

Replace e with 3

Replace l with |Replace 1 with i

Replace e with [Replace l with !

Replace 3 with ]Replace e with {Replace L with 1

Replace 3 with }Replace f with phReplace o with 0

Replace a with @Replace g with @Replace o with ()Replace a with 4

Replace h with 4

Replace ph with f

Replace a with 2

Replace i with !

Replace s with 5

Replace b with 3

Replace i with 1

Replace s with $Replace c with (Replace i with ][Replace z with 5

Replace e with 3

Replace i with |Common Prefixes
The following is a list of common prefixes known to PRTK and DNA.

PRTK and DNA Common Prefixes
123

!@#

2u

de

con

net

pro

abc

4u

dr

in

dis

non

sub

mr

4u2

re

un

mac

out

anti

mrs

2b

co

bio

mis

pre

non-

over

poly

post

semi

tele

#1

Character Replacements| 194

Common Suffixes (a.k.a. Postfixes)
The following is a list of common suffixes.

PRTK and DNA Common Suffixes
#1

dr

s

ly

ers

123

!@#

‘s

er

ity

abc

4u

es

ing

ness

mr

4u2

ed

ies

ites

mrs

2b

en

ism

isms

Prepositional and Verb Phrases
The following is a list of phrases known to PRTK and DNA

PRTK and DNA Known Prepositional Phrases
inin theinto theis ais thewas a

was thehas a

has the

had a

for a

for theof aof thewith agoing togoing to theis in theshould bewould be

and

not

could

can

had thewith theCommon Suffixes (a.k.a. Postfixes)| 195

Appendix C

Encryption Technology

To understand how Password Recovery Toolkit® (PRTK®) and Distributed Network Attack (DNA®) search forthe different password combinations available for application files, you need to be familiar with the underlying
elements and classifications of encryption and password technology.

Understanding Encrypted Files
An encrypted file is digitally altered so the file’s data cannot be read without the key. In a binary editor, the data
within an encrypted file appears as unintelligible characters. The only way to access an encrypted file is to open
the file in its native application using the file’s password.
When you password protect and encrypt a file, the program you are using applies an algorithm to the password
to create a digital key which is used to lock the file. This is the first line of defense. The program then uses the
key and a different algorithm to encrypt the file. The file is locked and encrypted so both the file and its data areprotected. To access the file, you must open the file in its native program and enter a password that produces theidentical key. The program uses the key and a reverse algorithm to decrypt the file.

Understanding the File Encryption Process

Understanding Encrypted Files| 196

Understanding the PRTK & DNA Decryption Process
To recover an encrypted document, you need a password or a “key,” a long series of binary data.
Typically applications use a transformation function that allows a user to enter a password to encrypt or decrypta file. So, if you create an encrypted document in Microsoft Word, you only use a password. Microsoft Word thentransforms that password into a key, without you even knowing it. The same password generates the same key
every time.
To obtain either a password or a key, PRTK uses the following attack types. Each attack type is discussed in
more detail in the following sections.
Decryption Attack: Decrypts the password that locks the file.
Dictionary Attack: Uses the words in a dictionary, applies Rules to the words, and converts the possible

words into keys.
Keyspace Attack: Tries every possible key because there is a finite number of keys for the file.

The possible number of keys can be very large, but with enough computing power, it is possible to try
every key.
Reset: Rewrites the key that opens the file to a key that comes from a password that you specify.

Decryption Attack
The decryption attack looks for the password that locks the file. In the files that PRTK uses the decryption attack
on, the password is protected or scrambled with a known key. The password is then stored in the file itself.
PRTK knows the key that encrypts the password because the application uses the same key each time. (Eachapplication in the decryption attack category uses a different key.) PRTK knows the location of the encrypted
password in the file, applies the key to it, and then decrypts the password.

Dictionary Attack
PRTK tries to find the passwords of these documents, because an exhaustive key search takes an
unreasonable amount of time.
Most people use passwords that they can remember. If you limit a set of passwords to a language they speak orother biographical data of the people, there is a good chance of finding the password in a reasonable time frame.
The language, biographical data, and other information is stored in dictionaries. PRTK uses dictionaries to try tofind a password. Rules are applied to the words in a dictionary to further attempt password recovery.
For example, one Rule is a primary search using the dictionaries. The primary search includes the words with all
lower-case letters, all capital letters, one capital letter followed by all lower-case letters, and one lower-caseletter followed by all capital letters, such as hello, Hello, HELLO, hELLO etc.
When PRTK discovers a password, it adds it automatically to a Golden Dictionary. Each time a new password isadded, the updated Golden Dictionary is applied to the jobs in the job queue. If there are jobs with duplicate
passwords, PRTK automatically discovers them by using the Golden Dictionary.

Understanding the PRTK & DNA Decryption Process| 197

Keyspace Attack
The keyspace attack is typically used on applications that use 40-bit encryption or less. In 32-bit encryption
applications, such as WinZip 6.0–8.1, there is a limit to the number of keys that can be stored. The limit is thelargest number that can be represented with 32 bits.
This number might seem extremely large; but it is actually small enough that, with enough computing power, you
can decrypt an encrypted document in a reasonable amount of time.
So with certain applications, PRTK generally finds the key for an encrypted document rather than the password
because there are a relatively small number of keys that can be created, and key recovery is guaranteed.

Reset Attack
In the reset attack, two types of keys are associated with an encrypted file: one key that encrypts the password
for the file and one key that actually encrypts the file. The reset attack usually rewrites the key that encrypts thefile to a key that comes from a known password.

Understanding the PRTK & DNA Decryption Process| 198

Current Encryption Standards
Although it is helpful to understand the methods by which documents are encrypted, PRTK actually deciphersthis information for you when you recover a password and does not require any user input.

Symmetric Encryption
In symmetric encryption, the encryption and decryption keys are the same. Some common symmetric encryption
systems are:Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a 56-bit standard that is considered weak by current standards. It caneasily be broken by a special hardware device known as “deep crack,” and it can be broken with a
distributed network of computers. Triple-DES (3DES) can be used with two keys (EDE2 112-bit) or threekeys (EDE3 168-bit).
Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) is used for sending secure email. It provides both confidentiality andauthentication.
BestCrypt can be used with any of the following Hash functions and encryption algorithms: GOST andSHA Hash; GOST, DES, Blowfish, IDEA, Twofish, CAST, AES, RC6, and 3DES encryption.
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) has replaced DES as the encryption standard. It uses a 128-, 192-

, or 256-bit key.

RC4
RC4 is a variable key-length stream cipher designed by RSA. Microsoft Word and Excel use RC4 and a 40-bit
key to encrypt their files. Keys this small can be easily broken by governments, criminals, and amateurs.

Asymmetric Encryption
In asymmetric encryption, the encryption and decryption keys are different. Asymmetric encryption uses a publickey (which can be posted on an Internet site or made “public” through other means) and a private key, which
remains secret.
In this system, something that has been encrypted with the private key can only be decrypted by the public key,
and vice versa.
Asymmetric algorithms are slower than symmetric algorithms, but can nonetheless be very useful. They areoften used in combination with symmetric algorithms.
The number of possible key values refers to the actual number of different key words or passwords that canexist, based on the particular algorithm used to create the key value in question. This number can be calculated
as follows: an n-bit key has 2n possible values. For example, a 40-bit key has 240 possible values, orapproximately one trillion possibilities.
The security of an algorithm should rely on the secrecy of the key only, not the secrecy of the algorithm.

Current Encryption Standards| 199

Hashing
Hashing is used to determine whether a file has changed. Producing two different items with the same hashvalue is computationally improbable since changing a single bit in a file results in a completely different hash.
Therefore, hashes can function as a type of digital fingerprint that can be used to verify data integrity.
Before PRTK begins a password recovery, it automatically creates SHA and MD5 hash values for the files to be
recovered. After a password is recovered, you can verify the hash values of a file providing proof that thecontents of the file were not changed during the recovery of the file’s password.
PRTK uses two different hashing methods.

Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA)
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) designed the Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA). SHA
takes as input an arbitrary-length file and outputs a fixed-length number referred to as a “hash” or “digest.” SHA1 produces a 160-bit (20 byte) digest. SHA hashes take longer to generate than MD5 hashes.

Message Digest 5 (MD5)
Message Digest 5 (MD5) was developed by Professor Ronald L. Rivest. MD5 takes as input an arbitrary-length
file and outputs a fixed-length number referred to as a “hash” or “digest.” MD5 produces a 128-bit (16-byte)digest. MD5 is a faster implementation than SHA.

Hashing| 200

Appendix D

Program Files

This chapter identifies key program files, their locations, and their functions for Password Recovery Toolkit®
(PRTK®) and for Distributed Network Attack® (DNA®).

PRTK Files
The following table details the filenames, their default locations, and their functions in a PRTK system.

PRTK Paths, Filenames, and Functions
Filename

Directory Location

Function*.adf[drive]:\documents and settings\allusers\
application data\AccessData\PR\Dictionaries

A dictionary file.
Codepage dictionaries have -c appended to thefilename. Unicode dictionaries have -u appended
to the filename.
When a Biographical Dictionary is generated,
three files are created, the two *.adf files, andone .xml file. The .xml file contents cannot beviewed as the .adf files can. A Biographical
Dictionary preserves the case of alphacharacters.

*.profile[drive]:\documents and settings\allusers\
application
data\AccessData\PR\Profiles

A profile file, which contains information about
the dictionaries and Rules used to decrypt files.

\bin directory[drive]:\Program
Files\AccessData\PRTK\Supervisor\bin

A directory containing a portion of the Java
Runtime Environment, which runs PRTK.

\data directory[drive]:\Documents and Settings\All
Users\
Application
Data\AccessData\PR\dnadata

The directory that contains the PRTK databasefiles.

\Dictionaries[drive]:\documents and settings\allusers\
application data\AccessData\PR\Dictionaries

The directory that contains the dictionaries usedby PRTK.

[drive]:\documents and settings\allusers\
application data\AccessData\PR\Dictionaries

A file added after the installation that contains all
passwords recovered by PRTK.

directory

GoldenDictionary

PRTK Files| 201

PRTK Paths, Filenames, and Functions (Continued)
Filename

Directory Location

Function\Rules directory[drive]:\documents and settings\allusers\
application
data\AccessData\PR\levels

The directory that contains the password
recovery Rules used by PRTK.

\lib directory[drive]:\Program
Files\AccessData\PRTK\Supervisor\lib

A directory containing a portion of the Java
Runtime Environment, which runs PRTK.

\Modules[drive]:\documents and settings\allusers\
application data\AccessData\PR\Modules

The directory that contains the application
modules supported by PRTK.

\Profiles directory[drive]:\documents and settings\allusers\application
data\AccessData\PR\
ProfilesThe directory that contains the profiles used by
PRTK.

ad_dictutility.jar

C:\Program
Files\AccessData\PRTK\Supervisor

The Dictionary Utility program.

directory

PRTK Files| 202

DNA Supervisor Files
The following table details the filenames, their default locations, and their functions in a DNA Supervisor.

DNA Supervisor Paths, Filenames, and Functions
Filename

Directory Location

Function*.adf[Drive]:\Documents and Settings\All
Users\
Application Data\AccessData\PR\dictionaries

A dictionary file.
Codepage dictionaries have -c appended to
the filename.
Unicode dictionaries have -u appended to
the filename.
When a Biographical Dictionary is
generated, three files are created, the two.adf files, and one .xml file. The .xml filecontents cannot be viewed as the .adf files
can. A Biographical Dictionary preserves
the case of alpha characters.

*.profile[Drive]:\Documents and Settings\All
Users\
Application Data\
AccessData\PR\profiles

A profile file, which contains information
about the dictionaries and Rules used todecrypt files.

\bin directory[Drive]:\Program Files\
AccessData\DNA\Supervisor\bin

A directory used by the Java Virtual
Machine, which runs DNA.

\data directory[Drive]:\Documents and Settings\All
Users\
Application Data\
AccessData\PR\dnadata

The directory that contains the DNA
database files.

\Dictionaries
directory[Drive]:\Documents and Settings\All
Users\
Application Data\
AccessData\PR\dictionaries

The directory that contains the dictionaries
used by DNA.

generate_keys.exe[Drive]:\Program Files\
AccessData\DNA\Supervisor

A file used by the DNA installation program
to create encrypted communication
between the Supervisor and Worker.

generate_worker_
install.exe[Drive]:\Program Files\
AccessData\DNA\Supervisor

A file used by the DNA installation program
to create the DNA Worker installation files
available in the Supervisor directory.

GoldenDictionary[Drive]:\Documents and Settings\All
Users\
Application Data\
AccessData\PR\dictionaries

A file added after the installation that
contains all passwords recovered by the
DNA Supervisor.

\Rules directory[Drive]:\Documents and Settings\All
Users\
Application Data\
AccessData\PR\levels

The directory that contains the password
recovery Rules used by DNA.

\lib directory[Drive]:\Program Files\
AccessData\DNA\Supervisor\lib

A directory used by the Java Virtual
Machine, which runs DNA.

DNA Supervisor Files| 203

DNA Supervisor Paths, Filenames, and Functions
Filename

Directory Location

Function\Modulesdirectory[Drive]:\Documents and Settings\All
Users\
Application Data\
AccessData\PR\Modules

The directory that contains the application
modules supported by DNA.

\Profiles directory[Drive]:\Documents and Settings\All
Users\
Application Data\
AccessData\PR\profiles

The directory that contains the profiles usedby DNA.

prefs.dat[Drive]:\Documents and Settings\All
Users\
Application Data\
AccessData\PR

A file added after the installation that holds
preferences, including the option to decrypt
the file after key recovery and thedimensions of the DNA management
interface.

Supervisor_servic
e.exe
and
Supervisor.ini[Drive]:\Program Files\
AccessData\DNA\Supervisor

The DNA Supervisor program. You manage
the DNA Supervisor from the management
interface.
The Supervisor.ini file is where the keys
are stored.

user_defined.xml[Drive]:\Documents and Settings\All
Users\
Application Data\
AccessData\PR\levels

The file that contains information about
each Rule that you have created.

worker.ini[Drive]:\Documents and Settings\All
Users\
Application Data\
AccessData\PR

Used when updating workers.

worker-i386install.sh[Drive]:\Program Files\
AccessData\DNA\Supervisor

The DNA Worker installation program forLinux machines.

worker_service.ex
e[Drive]:\Program Files\
AccessData\DNA\Supervisor

A file used by the DNA installation program
to create the services needed by the DNA
Worker installation files available in the
Supervisor directory.

DNA Supervisor Files| 204

DNA Worker Files
The following table details the filenames, their default locations, and their functions in a DNA Worker.

DNA Worker Paths, Filenames, and Functions
Filename

Directory Location

Function*.adf

C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\
Application Data\AccessData\PR\dictionaries

A dictionary file that the Worker receives
from the Supervisor when it processes jobs.
Codepage dictionaries have -c appended to
the filename.
Unicode dictionaries have -u appended to thefilename.

\bin directory

C:\Program Files\AccessData\DNA\Worker\bin

A directory used by the Java Virtual Machine,which runs DNA Worker.

\lib directory

C:\Program Files\AccessData\DNA\Worker\lib

A directory used by the Java Virtual
Machine, which runs DNA Worker.

worker.exe

C:\Program Files\AccessData\DNA\Worker

The DNA Worker User Interface program.
On the DNA Worker machine, you can checkstatistics as they are updated, and you canstop and restart the Worker from the DNA
Worker interface.

worker.ini

C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\
Application Data\AccessData\PR

The file that contains configuration
information about the Worker, including its
Supervisor hostname and IP address.

worker_service.exe

C:\Program Files\AccessData\DNA\WorkerA service needed by the DNA Worker.
This service must be running in order toprocess jobs on the DNA Worker.

DNAGPUWorker.exe

C:\Program Files\AccessData\DNA\Worker

The worker program that runs if you installed
the Windows DNA worker with GPU support.
This program is used rather than theworker_service.

ad_dictutility.jar

C:\Program Files\AccessData\DNA\Supervisor

The Dictionary Utility program.

DNA Supervisor Files| 205

Appendix E

Recovering EFS Files

On Windows 2000 and Windows XP systems, Microsoft’s encrypted file system (EFS) allows you to encrypt asingle file or to automatically encrypt all files saved to a particular folder. You don’t have to remember passwords
because Windows encrypts the data using your login password.
You must use FTK to decrypt EFS-encrypted files to get the SYSKEY. PRTK recovers EFS files by retrieving yourlogin password from the EFS master key file ([drive]:\Documents and Settings\user\Application

Data\Protect\user_SID).
Ultimately, this recovery performs the same function as the SAM file attack. Recovering the user login password
from the SAM file can be faster than recovering the login password from the EFS master key file. Use the SAM
file to recover the user’s login password.
Note: When used in conjunction with PRTK, FTK1.50b and above has an option to automatically decrypt EFS
files. Essentially, FTK sends PRTK the EFS master key file along with any other EFS-related keys. PRTK
then performs an EFS attack to obtain the user login password. FTK and PRTK must be running on thesame dongle on the same machine to support this integrated functionality.

Recovering EFS on Windows XP Service Pack 1 or LaterIf you are using Windows XP Service Pack 1 or later, you must export the SAM and SYSTEM file using FTKImager or FTK and import the files into PRTK to obtain the login password. After PRTK has obtained thepassword, you can provide the password to FTK so that FTK can continue decrypting the EFS files.

To recover EFS files
1.

Start PRTK.

2.

In PRTK, add the SAM file and browse to the SYSTEM file when the syskey is requested.

3.

After obtaining the login password, start FTK.

4.

In FTK, select Tools > Enter EFS Password.

5.

Click OK.

6.

Enter the password.

FTK decrypts the EFS passwords if the login password obtained from the SAM and SYSTEM files is valid. If FTKcannot decrypt the EFS passwords, either the login password has been changed after the SAM and SYSTEM
files were obtained or the EFS file was encrypted by another user.

Recovering EFS on Windows XP Service Pack 1 or Later| 206

Important: If there are multiple users on a workstation, you must have all user login passwords to increasechances of decrypting the files. EFS files could have been encrypted by more than one of the users.
FTK and PRTK must be running on the same dongle on the same machine to support this integratedfunctionality.

Other Notes
In Windows 2000, every file is also encrypted with the Recovery Agent's EFS public key. The Administrator user
is the default Recovery Agent for computers that are not a part of a domain. If the computer is joined to a
Windows 2000 domain, the Domain Administrator user is the default Recovery Agent. In Windows XP, theRecovery Agent is optional.
The following file types cannot be encrypted:
System files
NTFS compressed files
Files in %Systemroot% and its subdirectories

Other Notes| 207

AccessData PRTK/DNA Glossary

A
AccessData Recovery Session
In PRTK, selecting one or more files and starting the password recovery process is called an AccessData
Recovery (ADR) session. Typically, each case has one session unless you have a large number of encrypted
files.

Address
A location of data, usually in main memory or on a disk. You can think of computer memory as an array ofstorage boxes, each of which is one byte in length. Each computer has an address (a unique number) assigned
to it. By specifying a memory address, programmers can access a particular byte of data. Disks are divided into
tracks and sectors, each of which has a unique address.

Advanced Encryption Standard
A common symmetric encryption system that has replaced Data Encryption Standard as the encryption
standard. It uses a 128, 192, or 256-bit key.

Application Administrator
The first user created in an AccessData FTK2+ system. The Application Administrator has all rights within theapplication, including adding users and assigning roles. Application Administrators can assign the role ofApplication Administrator to new users as they are created.

Asymmetric Encryption
A type of encryption in which the encryption and decryption keys are different. Asymmetric encryption uses a
public key (which can be posted on an Internet site or made “public” through other means) and a private key,which remains secret. In this system, something that has been encrypted with the private key can be decrypted
only by the public key, and vice versa. Asymmetric algorithms are slower than symmetric algorithms, but cannonetheless be very useful. They are often used in combination with symmetric algorithms, as with EFS
Encryption.
The number of possible key values refers to the actual number of different key words or passwords that canexist, based on the particular algorithm used to create the key value in question. A n-bit key has 2n possible
values. For example, a 40-bit key has 240 possible values, or 1,099,511,627,776 possibilities.
The security of an algorithm should rely on the secrecy of the key only, not the secrecy of the algorithm.
Do not compare key sizes between symmetric and asymmetric algorithms. For example, a 128-bit symmetric
key is approximately as strong as a 512-bit asymmetric key.

AccessData PRTK/DNA Glossary

| 208

B
BestCrypt
A common symmetric encryption system that can be used with any of the following hash functions andencryption algorithms:
GOSTSHA-1 Hash
Blowfish
IDEA
Twofish
CAST
AES
RC6
3DES encryption

BinaryPertaining to a number system that has just two unique digits. Computers are based on the binary numberingsystem, which consists of just two unique numbers, 0 and 1. All operations that are possible in the decimal
system (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) are equally possible in the binary system.

BIOS
Acronym for Basic Input/Output System. The BIOS is built-in software that determines what a computer can dowithout accessing programs from a disk. On PCs, the BIOS contains all the code required to control the
keyboard, display screen, disk drives, serial communications, and a number of miscellaneous functions.

Bit-stream Image
See Forensic Image (page 213).

Bookmark
The term “Bookmark” in AccessData forensic products refers to either the Bookmarking feature, or a bookmarkthat has been created, tagging a collection of similar data for easy reference.
In an Internet browser, a user-created menu entry or icon that serves as a shortcut to a previously viewed
location (such as an Internet address).
In a Computer Crimes Unit report the term “bookmark” refers to the locatiion of a file, folder, or specific item thatis of particular interest to the examiner or to the investigator. The location of the data (file name, file location,
relative path, and hardware address) is identified. Other data can be addressed as well.

Boot
To start a computer and load the CMOS and BIOS data, as well as the Operating System.

Boot Record

AccessData PRTK/DNA Glossary| 209All the three types of FAT have a boot record, which is located within an area of reserved sectors. The DOS
format program reserves 1 sector for FAT12 and FAT16 and usually 32 sectors for FAT32.

C
Chunk Size
The number of passwords the Supervisor machine can process in the amount of time specified.

Cluster
Fixed-length blocks that store files on the FAT media. Each cluster is assigned a unique number by the computer
operating system. Only the part of the partition called the “data area” is divided into clusters. The remainder ofthe partition are defined as sectors. Files and directories store their data in these clusters. The size of one
cluster is specified in a structure called the Boot Record, and can range from a single sector to 128 sectors. The
operating system assigns a unique number to each cluster and the keeps track of files according to which cluster
they use.

CMOS
Short for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor. Pronounced SEE-moss, CMOS. “CMOS” refers to both aparticular style of digital circuitry design, and the family of processes used to implement that circuitry on
integrated circuits (chips).is a widely used type of semiconductor.
Since only one of the circuit types is on at any given time, CMOS chips require less power than chips using just
one type of transistor. This makes them particularly attractive for use in battery-powered devices, such as
portable computers. Personal computers also contain a small amount of battery-powered CMOS memory to holdthe date, time, and system setup parameters.
CMOS circuits use a combination of p-type and n-type metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors(MOSFETs) to implement logic gates and other digital circuits found in computers, telecommunications
equipment, and signal processing equipment.
Typical commercial CMOS products are integrated circuits composed of millions (or hundreds of millions) oftransistors of both types on a rectangular piece of silicon of between 10 to 400mm2.

CRC
Short for Cyclical Redundancy Check. It performs a complex calculation on every byte a the file, generating aunique number for the file in question. If so much as a single byte in the file being checked were to change, thecyclical redundancy check value for that file would also change. If the CRC value is known for a file before it isdownloaded, you can compare it with the CRC value generated by this software after the file has been
downloaded to ascertain whether the file was damaged in transit. The odds of two files having the same CRC
value are even longer than the odds of winning a state-run lottery—along the lines of one in 4,294,967,296.

CylinderA single-track location on all the platters making up a hard disk. For example, if a hard disk has four platters,
each with 600 tracks, then there will be 600 cylinders, and each cylinder will consist of 8 tracks (assuming thateach platter has tracks on both sides).

AccessData PRTK/DNA Glossary

| 210

D
dd
AccessData FTK, FTK Imager and other forensic investigation programs can create, read, and utilize dd (RAW)images in cases.
dd is a common Unix program whose primary purpose is the low-level copying and conversion of raw data. dd is
an application that will “convert and copy a file”.
dd is used to copy a specified number of bytes or blocks, performing on-the-fly byte order conversions, as well
as more esoteric EBCDIC to ASCII conversions.
dd can also be used to copy regions of raw device files, e.g. backing up the boot sector of a hard disk, or to read
fixed amounts of data from special Unix files like /dev/zero or/dev/random.

Data Carving
Data carving is the process of extracting a collection of data from a larger data set. Data carving techniques
frequently occur during a digital investigation when the unallocated file system space is analyzed to extract files.
The files are “carved” from the unallocated space using file type-specific header and footer values. File system
structures are not used during the process.

Data Encryption Standard
A 56-bit symmetric encryption system that is considered weak by current standards. It has been broken in a
distributed environment.

DeviceAny machine or component that attaches to a computer. Examples of devices include disk drives, printers, mice,and modems. These particular devices fall into the category of peripheral devices because they are separate
from the main computer.
Most devices, whether peripheral or not, require a program called a device driver that acts as a translator,
converting general commands from an application into specific commands that the device understands.

Dictionary Attack
PRTK uses this method to recover passwords. When a file or application uses encryption stronger than 40-bit,
finding a password is often a quicker solution than generating the keyspace possibilities an applying them to the
file.

Disk
A round plate on which data can be encoded. There are two basic types of disks: magnetic disks and opticaldisks. Magnetic disks are packaged in a sealed, dust-free case. Optical disks are exposed and individuallytransportable.

AccessData PRTK/DNA Glossary

| 211

E
EnScript (also “e script”)
EnScript is a language and API that has been designed to operate within the EnCase environment. EnScript iscompatible with the ANSI C++ standard for expression evaluation and operator meanings but contains only asmall subset of C++ features. In other words, EnScript uses the same operators and general syntax as C++ but
classes and functions are organized differently.

Evidence Item
A physical drive, a logical drive or partition, or drive space not included in any partitioned virtual drive.

F
File Allocation Table (FAT)
A table that the operating system uses to locate files on a disk. A file may be divided into many sections that are
scattered around the disk. The FAT keeps track of all these pieces.
There is a field in the Boot Record that specifies the number of FAT copies. With FAT12 and FAT16, MS-DOS
uses only the first copy, but the other copies are synchronized. FAT32 was enhanced to specify which FAT copy
is the active one in a 4-bit value part of a Flags field.
Think of the FAT as a singly linked list. Each of the chains in the FAT specify which parts of the disk belong to agiven file or directory.
A file allocation table is a simple array of 12-bit, 16-bit, or 32-bit data elements. Usually there will be two identicalcopies of the FAT.
FAT12: The oldest type of FAT uses a 12-bit binary number to hold the cluster number. A volume formatted using
FAT12 can hold a maximum of 4,086 clusters, which is 212 minus a few values (to allow for reserved values tobe used in the FAT). FAT12 is most suitable for very small volumes, and is used on floppy disks and hard disk
partitions smaller than about 16 MB (the latter being rare today.)FAT16: The FAT used for older systems, and for small partitions on modern systems, uses a 16-bit binary
number to hold cluster numbers. When you see someone refer to a FAT volume generically, they are usuallyreferring to FAT16, because it is the de facto standard for hard disks, even with FAT32 now more popular than
FAT16. A volume using FAT16 can hold a maximum of 65,526 clusters, which is 216 less a few values (again forreserved values in the FAT). FAT16 is used for hard disk volumes ranging in size from 16 MB to 2,048 MB. VFAT
is a variant of FAT16.
FAT32: The newest FAT type, FAT32 is supported by newer versions of Windows, including Windows 95’s OEM
SR2 release, as well as Windows 98, Windows ME, and Windows 2000. FAT32 uses a 28-bit binary cluster
number—not 32 because 4 of the 32 bits are reserved. 28 bits is still enough to permit very large volumes—
FAT32 can theoretically handle volumes with over 268 million clusters, and will theoretically support drives up to
2 TB in size. To do this, however, the size of the FAT grows very large.
VFAT features the following key improvements compared to FAT12 and FAT16:

AccessData PRTK/DNA Glossary| 212Long File Name Support: Prior to Windows 95, FAT was limited to the eleven-character (8.3) file namerestriction. VFAT’s most important accomplishment enabled the use of long file names by the Windows
95 operating system and applications written for it, while maintaining compatibility with older software that
had been written before VFAT was implemented.
Improved Performance: The disk access and file system management routines for VFAT were rewritten

using 32-bit protected-mode code to improve performance. At the same time, 16-bit code wasmaintained, for use when required for compatibility.
Better Management Capabilities: Special support was added for techniques like disk locking to allow

utilities to access a disk in exclusive mode without fear of other programs using it in the meantime.

File Header
The data at the beginning of a file that identifies the file type: .gif, .doc, .txt, etc.

File Footer
The data at the end of the file signifying the file is complete and allows the file to be understood by the operating
system.

File Item
Any item FTK can parse from the evidence. This includes complete files as well as sub-elements such asgraphics, files, or OLE objects embedded in other files; deleted items recovered from unallocated space; and soforth.

File Slack
Unused space. Operating systems store files in fixed-length blocks called clusters. Because few files are a sizethat is an exact multiple of the cluster size, there is typically unused space between the end of the file and theend of the last cluster used by that file.

Forensic Image
A process where all areas of a physical disk are copied, sector by sector, to storage media. This image may be araw file, as in the case of the Linux utility DD, or it may be a forensically correct copy, such as SPADA provides.
These images replicate exactly all sectors on a given storage device. All files, unallocated data areas, and areas
not normally accessible to a user are copied.

Forensically Prepared Media
Digital media (such as a diskette, tape, CD, hard drive) that is sanitized (wiped clean) of all data. This meanscomputer media that may be sanitized up to the Department of Defense standards 5220.22-M (National
Industrial Security Program Operating Manual Supplement) using software wipe utilities such as Dan Mares(Maresware) Declassify, New Technologies Inc (NTI) Disk Scrub or M-Sweep Pro or Symantec (Norton)
WipeInfo to remove all data by overwriting the existing data with random or pre-defined characters. The LinuxOS may also be used to write out a value of zero (0) to a device.
The media is then examined using tools to determine that no data exists (MD5, SHA-1 or Diskedit). The partition
information is removed and the media is sanitized from the physical address of (cylinder/head/sector) 0/0/1 tothe physical (versus logical) end of the media.
The partition information is removed and the media is sanitized from the physical address of (cylinder/head/sector) 0/0/1 to the physical (versus logical) end of the media. This process involves using a program such as I-

AccessData PRTK/DNA Glossary| 213wipe, Encase, Linux, Drivespy, SPADA or any program capable of writing multiple passes of a single character
over the entire drive.
Checksum is a form of redundancy check, a very simple measure for protecting the integrity of data by detecting
errors in data. It works by adding up the basic components of a message, typically the bytes, and storing theresulting value. Later, anyone can perform the same operation on the data, compare the result to the authentic
checksum and (assuming that the sums match) conclude that the message was probably not corrupted.
Redundancy check is extra data added to a message for the purposes of error detection and error correction.
The value of the checksum of forensically prepared media will be zero (0) provided the write process is doneusing zeros.

G
Graphic Image Files
Computer graphic image files such as photos, drawings, etc. Come in various standard formats. Some of themost common file types include but are not limited to Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG, JPG), Bitmap(BMP), Graphics Interchange Format (GIF, JFIF) and AOL image file (ART).

Golden Dictionary
The Golden Dictionary file, ADPasswords.dat, contains all recovered passwords for all PRTK sessions on thecurrent computer. It is stored in the AccessData program directory (C:\Program
Files\AccessData\Recovery\). Recovered passwords are used as the first level of attack in all password
recovery sessions. Most people use the same password for different files, so recovering the password for a
simple file often opens the door to more difficult files.

Graphic Interchange Format (GIF)
A common graphics format that can be displayed on almost all Web browsers. GIFs typically display in 256
colors and have built-in compression. Static or animated GIF images are the most common form of banner
creation.

H
Hard Disk (Drive)
A magnetic disk on which you can store computer data. The term hard is used to distinguish it from a soft or
floppy disk. Hard disks hold more data and are faster than floppy disks. A hard disk, for example, can store
anywhere from 10 megabytes to several gigabytes, whereas most floppies have a maximum storage capacity of
1.4 megabytes.

Hashing

AccessData PRTK/DNA Glossary| 214Generating a unique alphanumeric value based on a file’s contents. The alphanumeric value can be used toprove that a file copy has not been altered in any way from the original. It is statistically impossible for an altered
file to generate the same hash number.

Head
The mechanism that reads data from or writes data to a magnetic disk or tape. Hard disk drives have manyheads, usually two for each platter.

Hexadecimal
The base-16 number system, which consists of 16 unique symbols: the numbers zero through nine and theletters A to F. For example, the decimal number 15 is represented as F in the hexadecimal numbering system.
The hexadecimal system is useful because it can represent every byte (eight bits) as two consecutive
hexadecimal digits. It is easier for humans to read hexadecimal numbers than binary numbers.

L
Legal Matter
Legal Matters are titles given to collections of electronic data to be used as evidence in a court of law against
someone suspected of illegal activity. Legal Matters can be actual lawsuits or suspect activity.

Logical Disk
A logical disk is a device that provides an area of usable storage capacity on one or more physical disk drive
components in a computer system. Other terms that are used to mean the same thing are partition, logicalvolume, and in some cases a virtual disk (vdisk).

M
Markov Permutation
The Markov permutation records the times certain words, letters, punctuation, and spaces occur together in agiven amount of text, then generates random output that has the same distribution of groups.
For example: if you were to scan through the text and create a huge frequency table of what words come after
the words “up the,” you might find “tree,” “ladder,” and “creek” most often. You would then generate output fromthe words “up the,” and get the results “up the tree,” “up the creek,” and “up the ladder” randomly.
If the words “up the” were followed most frequently by the word “creek” in your sample text, the phrase “up thecreek” would occur most frequently in your random output.
Andrey Andreyevich Markov (June 14, 1856–July 20, 1922) was a Russian mathematician.

MemoryAccessData PRTK/DNA Glossary| 215

Internal storage areas in the computer. The term memory identifies data storage that comes in the form of chips;
the word storage is used for memory that exists on tapes or disks. Moreover, the term memory is usually used as
shorthand for physical memory, which refers to the actual chips capable of holding data. Memory is not generally
considered storage. It holds data only until the computer is shut down.

Message Digest 5
A 128-bit digital fingerprint based on a file's content. An algorithm created in 1991 by Professor Ronald Rivest of
RSA that is used to create digital signatures, or a 128-bit digital fingerprint based on a file's content. Message
Digest 5 (MD5) takes as input an arbitrary-length file and outputs a fixed-length number referred to as a hash ordigest. It is intended for use with 32 bit machines and is safer than the MD4 algorithm, which has been broken.
MD5 is a one-way hash function, meaning that it takes a message and converts it into a fixed string of digits, also
called a message digest. When using a one-way hash function, one can compare a calculated message digest
against the message digest that is decrypted with a public key to verify that the message hasn’t been changed.
This comparison is called a hash check. The number is derived from the input in such a way that it iscomputationally infeasible to derive any information about the input from the hash. It is also computationallyinfeasible to find another file that will produce the same output.
MD5 hashes are used by the KFF to identify known files.

Metadata
Literally data about data. Metadata describes how, when, and by whom a particular set of data was collected andhow the data is formatted. Metadata is essential for understanding information stored in data warehouses andhas become increasingly important in XML-based Web applications.

Mount
To make a mass storage device available to the OS, or to a user or user group. In may also mean to make adevice physically accessible.
The file system location where the device is attached is called a mount point. Mounts may be local or remote. A
local mount connects disk drives on one machine so that they behave as if on one logical system. A remotemount uses Network File System (NFS) to connect to directories on other machines so that they can be used asif they were all part of the user’s file system.
AccessData products such as FTK, Enterprise, Lab, and others allow the user to mount forensic images asphysical or logical mount points, and map them to drive letters. This provides a view of the data in its originalcontext.

N
NT File System (NTFS)
One of the file systems for the Windows NT operating system (Windows NT also supports the FAT file system).
NTFS has features to improve reliability, such as transaction logs to help recover from disk failures. To control
access to files, you can set permissions for directories or individual files. NTFS files are not accessible fromother operating systems, such as DOS. For large applications, NTFS supports spanning volumes, which means
files and directories can be spread out across several physical disks.

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P
Pagefile (.sys)
The paging file is the area on the hard disk that Windows uses as if it were random access memory (RAM). Thisis sometimes known as virtual memory. By default, Windows stores this file on the same partition as the
Windows system files.

Pretty Good Privacy
A common symmetric encryption system used for exchanging files and email. It provides both privacy andauthentication.

Public Data Repositories
Publicly available sites for storage of multiple data sets. The data sets are made available for download and use,commonly by subscription, to utilize for any purpose.

R
RC4
RC4, or ARC4, is a variable key-length stream cipher designed by RSA. Stream ciphers are key-dependent,
pseudo-random number generators whose output is XORed with the data <plaintext> XOR <random-looking
stream> = <random-looking ciphertext>. Because XOR is symmetric (in other words, [A XOR B] XOR B = A),
XORing the ciphertext with the stream again returns the plaintext. Microsoft Word and Excel use RC4 and a 40bit key to encrypt their files. An exhaustive key space attack has a much better chance at succeeding with a 40bit key space.

S
Sector
A sector is a group of bytes within a track and is the smallest group of bytes that can be addressed on a drive.
There are normally tens or hundreds of sectors within each track. The number of bytes in a sector can vary, but
is almost always 512. The maximum number of sectors in a cluster is 64. CD-ROMs normally have 2048 bytes
per sector. Sectors are numbered sequentially within a track, starting at 1. The numbering restarts on every
track, so that “track 0, sector 1” and “track 5, sector 1” refer to different sectors. Modern drives use a system
known as Logical Block Addressing (LBA) instead of CHS to track sectors.
During a low-level format, hard disks are divided into tracks and sectors. The tracks are concentric circles
around the disk and the sectors are segments within each circle. For example, a formatted disk might have 40
tracks, with each track divided into ten sectors.
Physical sectors are relative to the entire drive. Logical sectors are relative to the partition.

AccessData PRTK/DNA Glossary| 217Secure Hash Algorithm
A 160-bit digital fingerprint based on a file’s content. Designed by the National Institute of Standards andTechnology (NIST), Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) takes as input an arbitrary-length file and outputs a fixedlength number referred to as a hash or digest. The number is derived from the input in such a way that it iscomputationally impossible to derive any information about the input from the hash. It is also computationallyimpossible to find another file that will produce the same output.
SHA-1 hashes are used by the KFF to identify known files.
FTK uses SHA-1 and SHA-256. The KFF library contains some A hashes.

SHA
The SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm) family is a set of related cryptographic hash functions. The most commonlyused function in the family, SHA-1, is employed in a large variety of popular security applications and protocols,
including TLS, SSL, PGP, SSH, S/MIME, and IPSec. SHA-1 is considered to be the successor to MD5, anearlier, widely-used hash function. The SHA algorithms were designed by the National Security Agency (NSA)
and published as a US government standard.
The first member of the family, published in 1993, is officially called SHA; however, it is often called SHA-0 to
avoid confusion with its successors. Two years later, SHA-1, the first successor to SHA, was published. Four
more variants have since been issued with increased output ranges and a slightly different design: SHA-224,
SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512—sometimes collectively referred to as SHA-2.
Attacks have been found for both SHA-0 and SHA-1. No attacks have yet been reported on the SHA-2 variants,
but since they are similar to SHA-1, researchers are worried, and are developing candidates for a new, betterhashing standard.

Spool (spooling, print spool)
Acronym for Simultaneous Peripheral Operations On-Line, spooling refers to putting jobs in a buffer, a special
area in memory or on a disk where a device can access them when it is ready. Spooling is useful because
devices access data at different rates. The buffer provides a waiting station where data can rest while the slower
device catches up.
The most common spooling application is print spooling. In print spooling, documents are loaded into a buffer(usually an area on a disk), and then the printer pulls them off the buffer at its own rate. Because the documents
are in a buffer where they can be accessed by the printer, you can perform other operations on the computer
while printing takes place in the background. Spooling also lets you place a number of print jobs on a queue
instead of waiting for each one to finish before specifying the next one.

Slack Space (File and RAM)
Files are created in varying lengths depending on their contents. DOS, Windows and Windows NT-based
computers store files in fixed length blocks of data called clusters. Rarely do file sizes exactly match the size of
one or multiple clusters perfectly. The data storage space that exists from the end of the file to the end of the lastcluster assigned to the file is called file slack. Cluster sizes vary in length depending on the operating system
involved and, in the case of Windows 95, the size of the logical partition involved. Larger cluster sizes mean
more file slack and also the waste of storage space when Windows 95 systems are involved.
File slack potentially contains randomly selected bytes of data from computer memory. This happens because
DOS/Windows normally writes in 512 byte blocks called sectors. Clusters are made up of blocks of sectors. If

AccessData PRTK/DNA Glossary| 218there is not enough data in the file to fill the last sector in a file, DOS/Windows makes up the difference bypadding the remaining space with data from the memory buffers of the operating system. This randomly selected
data from memory is called RAM Slack because it comes from the memory of the computer.
RAM Slack can contain any information that may have been created, viewed, modified, downloaded or copied
during work sessions that have occurred since the computer was last booted. Thus, if the computer has notbeen shut down for several days, the data stored in file slack can come from work sessions that occurred in thepast.
RAM slack pertains only to the last sector of a file. If additional sectors are needed to round out the block size forthe last cluster assigned to the file, then a different type of slack is created. It is called drive slack and it is stored
in the remaining sectors which might be needed by the operating system to derive the size needed to create thelast cluster assigned to the file. Unlike RAM slack, which comes from memory, drive slack is padded with what
was stored on the storage device before. Such data could contain remnants of previously deleted files or datafrom the format pattern associated with disk storage space that has yet to be used by the computer.
For example, take a file that is created by writing the word “Hello.” Assuming that this is the only data written in
the file and assuming a two sector cluster size for the file, the data stored to disk and written in file slack could be
represented as follows:________________________________________
Hello+++++++|————(EOC)RAM Slack is indicated by “+”Drive Slack is indicated by “–”________________________________________
File Slack is created at the time a file is saved to disk. When a file is deleted under DOS, Windows, Windows 95,
Windows 98 and Windows NT/2000/XP, the data associated with RAM slack and drive slack remains in thecluster that was previously assigned to the end of the deleted file. The clusters which made up the deleted file
are released by the operating system and they remain on the disk in the form of unallocated storage space until
the space is overwritten with data from a new file.
File slack potentially contains data dumped randomly from the computer’s memory. It is possible to identify
network login names, passwords, and other sensitive information associated with computer usage. File slack
can also be analyzed to identify prior uses of the subject computer and such legacy data can help the computer
forensics investigator. File slack is not a trivial item. On large hard disk drives, file slack can involve several
hundred megabytes of data. Fragments of prior email messages and word processing documents can be foundin file slack. From a computer forensic standpoint, file slack is very important as both a source of digital evidence
and security risks

String Searches
A string search is a data string containing standard text or non-text data. The term may be a word, phrase or an
expression. Keyword searches are designed to aid in the identification of potentially relevant data on theexamined media.

Superuser Administrator
A person with unlimited access privileges who can perform any and all operations on the computer and within
the operating system and file system. These privileges do not necessarily transfer to the applications installed on
the computer.

AccessData PRTK/DNA Glossary| 219Symmetric Encryption
A type of encryption in which the encryption and decryption keys are the same. Some common symmetricencryption systems are Data Encryption Standard, Triple-DES, Pretty Good Privacy, BestCrypt, and Advanced
Encryption Standard.

T
Task
Tasks provide investigators and reviewers with a means of tracking the progress of case review. Administrators
assign Reviewers specific tasks in the case and a specific group of data. The assigned task allows the reviewer
to know which filters to apply to the data set for review.

ThumbnailA smaller-sized version of a graphics image. In AccessData products, the thumbnail file is always in .JPG
format, regardless of the format of the original graphic image.

U
Unallocated Space
Also called Unused Disk Area or free space, it consists of all the clusters on a drive that are not currently
assigned to a file. Some of these clusters may still contain data from files that have been deleted but not yet
overwritten by other files.
Until the first file is written to the data storage area of a computer storage device, the clusters are unallocated by
the operating system in the File Allocation Table (FAT). These unallocated clusters are padded with format
pattern characters and the unallocated clusters are not of interest to the computer forensics specialist until datais written to the clusters. As the computer user creates files, clusters are allocated in the File Allocation Table(FAT) to store the data. When the file is deleted by the computer user, the clusters allocated to the file arereleased by the operating system so new files and data can be stored in the clusters when needed. However, thedata associated with the deleted file remains behind. This data storage area is referred to as unallocated storage
space and it is fragile from an evidence preservation standpoint. However, until the unallocated storage space isreassigned by the operating system, the data remains behind for easy discovery and extraction by the computer
forensics specialist. Unallocated file space potentially contains intact files, remnants of files and subdirectories
and temporary files, which were transparently created and deleted by computer applications and also theoperating system. All of such files and data fragments can be sources of digital evidence and also security
leakage of sensitive data and information.

URL
Abbreviation of Uniform Resource Locator, the global address of documents and other resources on the World
Wide Web. The first part of the address indicates what protocol to use and the second part specifies the IP
address or the domain name where the resource is located.

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User
Those who use AccessData computer forensic programs to collect, review, and process data for legal cases arecalled Users. An Administrator or user with administrative rights can create users and designate their roles anduser rights.

V
VolumeA volume refers to a mounted partition. There may be only one volume on a disk, such as a floppy disk or a zip
disk. There may be several volumes on a disk as on a partitioned hard drive. A volume is a logical structure, nota physical device. There can be up to 24 of these logical volumes on a disk and they show up as drive “c,” “d,” or“e” in DOS.

Volume Boot Sector
Since every partition may contain a different file system, each partition contains a volume boot sector which isused to describe the type of file system on the partition and usually contains boot code necessary to mount thefile system.

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