TMAl Solar
Trimethyl aluminum for solar cells

Welcome toNouryon
Nouryon is a global, specialty chemicals
leader. Markets and consumers worldwide rely on our essential solutions to
manufacture everyday products, such as
personal care, cleaning goods, paints
and coatings, agriculture and food,
pharmaceuticals, and building products.
Furthermore, the dedication of morethan 9,700 employees with a sharedcommitment to our customers,
business growth, safety, sustainability
and innovation has resulted in aconsistently strong financial
performance.
We operate in over 80 countries aroundthe world and we supply customers withingredients for the manufacture of life’sessentials. Specialty chemicals are used
in, among others, paints, detergents,foods,cosmetics, construction, pulp andpaper, pharmaceuticals, electronics,agriculture and for plastics.
Our products can be used in a variety ofways. For example, as basic building
blocks of manufactured products, in theprocessing of raw materials, as intermediates used to produce finished goods,
or they may be used to enhance thefunctionality and durability of manufactured products.

2You’ll find us in the food you eat, thebuildings you live and work in, thevehicles and roads you use to movearound, as well as everyday items suchas paper products and children’s toys.
We produce everyday essentials for the
global polymer and electronic industries.
Our product portfolio includes organic
peroxides, metal alkyls, organometallicspecialties and polymer additives, which
are essential ingredients for the thermoplastic, composite and rubber industries.
We have a long history in metal alkyls,
starting with large-scale production ofaluminum alkyls in 1959. Today, we’re
one of the world’s top producers with abroad range of metal alkyls, includingaluminum, magnesium, boron and zincalkyls. Our ultra-high purity semiconductor-grade product range includes
gallium-, indium-, aluminum-,zinc- and magnesium-based
MO-sources.
We are the only fully integrated highpurity m­ etalorganics supplier serving thesemiconductor industry, producing ourown trimethyl aluminum, a key raw
material for these products.

Nouryon also plays a role in thefast-growing solar cell market. We havedeveloped new technology for theproduction of high purity
trimethyl aluminum (TMAl), which isused by ­solar cell manufacturers tocreate an aluminum oxide passivation
layer to increase efficiency of solar cells.

Proven performance,
cost-effective
TMAl Solar has proven performance in
ALD and PECVD processes used in thesolar industry. It offers a cost-effective
alternative to the ultra-pure trimethyl
aluminum used in the semiconductor
industry. Not to forget its superior
performance over industrial grade TMAl
used in the plastics industry.
Our advanced purification technology
guarantees consistent, high quality solar
trimethyl aluminum.
In addition we supply high purity diethylzinc (DEZn) for thin film solar cells. It is
our contribution to solar energy, for thebenefit of our planet.

A secure partner
Nouryon pioneered the large-scale
production of diethyl zinc (DEZn) andhas been producing commercial
quantities in La Porte (Tx - USA) sincethe 1960s. Main applications are as ZnO
precursor for the TCO layer in thin film
solar cells and in pharmaceuticalsynthesis. Our product grade specifically aimed to serve the needs of the solar
cell industry is called DEZn TCO.
We supply a broad range of metal alkyls
from our La Porte (Tx - USA) andRotterdam (the Netherlands) sites, aswell as from smaller facilities in China,
India and Brazil. Our global distribution
network allows us to deliver products toyou anywhere in the world.

Nouryon has acquired Zhejiang Friend
Chemical Co. (Friend), the largest
Chinese producer of triethyl aluminum(TEAL) – a metal alkyl used in theproduction of high-volume polymers,such as polypropylene and polyethylene.
The acquisition will substantially raise
our organization’s global TEAL production and strengthen our position as aleading global producer of TEAL. The
deal also makes us the only truly global
producer of metal alkyls.

All our sites are ISO 9001 and ISO
14001 certified to ensure the highest
product quality and strict compliancewith environmental regulations.
Additionally, La Porte is an OSHA VPP
Star site and both Rotterdam andPaulinia have achieved OHSAS 18001
certification. Our sites in the Americas
have achieved RC 14001 certification aswell.

That’s how we ensure security of supplyand easy access to quality products
wherever you are.

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TMAl Solar
product data
Nouryon uses leading edge processes, purification and transfilling
techniques that ensure the repeatable and consistent delivery of
our TMAl Solar in each cylinder that we supply. We apply state of
the art techniques such as ICP-OES for trace metal analysis to meetcustomer’s demands. Product specifications are provided on ourProduct Data Sheet (PDS), which is available on hpmo.nouryon.com
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
Molecular formula(CH3)3Al

Molecular weight

72.1

CAS No.

75-24-1

EINECS/ELINCS No.

200-853-0

TSCA statuslisted on inventory

UN No.

3394CHARACTERISTICS
Appearance

clear, colorless liquidDensity, 30°C

0.743 g/ml

Melting point

15°C

Viscosity, 30°C

0.9 mPa.s

Boiling point, 760 torr

127°C

Stability to air

ignites upon exposure

Stability to water

reacts violently

Solubility

soluble in aromatic and saturated aliphatic andcycloaliphatic hydrocarbons

THERMOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Specific heat, 57°C

2.213 J/g.°C (0.529 cal/g.°C)

Heat of vaporization Hv, at 127°C

247 J/g (59 cal/g)Heat of formation Hf , 25°C, 1 bar-151 kJ/mole (-36 kcal/mole)Heat of combustion Hco, 25°C

-3180 kJ/mole (-760 kcal/mole)oVAPOR PRESSURE

4at 10°C (283.15 K)

4.87 torr

at 20°C (293.15 K)

8.80 torr

Gas constants

log P(torr)=B-A/T(K)

A2134

B

8.224

Shippingcontainers
We maintain a fleet of cylinders and portable tanks designed forthe shipment of TMAl Solar. Shipping containers are designed andconstructed to meet all national and international transport regulations
and are tested periodically, in accordance with the appropriate regulations.
Our standard containers are fabricated from carbon steel and areequipped with dip tubes for top discharge. Valves are equipped withstandard VCR connections. Other containers are available on request.
CYLINDER

MAX. FILLING WEIGHT(90%)

DIMENSIONS
DiameterHeightB-2

7.2 kg(15.9 lb)

23.2 cm(9.125 in)

46.4 cm(18.25 in)B-5

14.2 kg(31.3 lb)

30.8 cm
(12.125 in)

53.3 cm(21 in)

B-28

72 kg
(159 lb)

37.1 cm(14.625 in)

129.5 cm
(51 in)B-118

300 kg(661 lb)

76.2 cm(30 in)145.7 cm
(57.375 in)

PORTABLE TANK

MAX. FILLING WEIGHT(90%)

DIMENSIONS
lengthdiameterheight

C430 saddle type1088 kg(2399 lb)

208 cm(82 in)107 cm(42 in)128 cm(50.5 in)C1980

5013 kg(11052 lb)

305 cm(120 in)

190 cm(74.8 in)

224 cm
(88.2 in)5Safety:
Our top priority
Nouryon’s success in safely handling TMAl is due toour long-term commitment to safety. Knowledgeof proper handling techniques, carefully designed
facilities and thorough training of personnel canovercome the hazards. Personnel who understandand pay proper attention will be able to handle metal
alkyls confidently and safely.

Safety and handling

Storage

TMAl ignites upon exposure to air andreacts violently with water. TMAl mustbe handled under a dry, inert atmosphere, e.g. nitrogen or argon. TMAl
may undergo exothermic decomposition with evolution of flammable gas if
heated above 120°C (248°F). The
decomposition may become self-accelerating and UNCONTROLLABLE andmay result in an explosion. Water mustbe scrupulously removed from processequipment prior to putting it into metal
alkyls service. Failure to do so may
result in an explosion. Products ofcomplete combustion of TMAl are
aluminum oxide, carbon dioxide andwater. TMAl causes severe burns to theskin and eyes. It is imperative thatproper personal protective equipment
be worn when handling TMAl.

TMAl is stable when stored under a dry,inert atmosphere and away from heat.
TMAl may undergo violent exothermic
decomposition with flammable gas
evolution if stored at temperatures
above 120°C (248°F).
Metal alkys should, in general, be kept
6-12°C above their melting point. In
case of solidified TMAl (melting point
15°C) place the container for at least 16hours in a temperature controlled roomat 25-35°C until the product is completely liquified.

Safety services
Nouryon is recognized as a global
leader in metal alkyl safety. We always
place safety as our top priority. Sharing
our experience in safety is one of themost important resources we offer.
Through our safety programs we canprovide expert advice on the handlingof these materials including:• classroom review of safety andhandling of metal alkyls• consultation of metal alkyl facility
design• demonstrations on the safe use,
handling and control of metal alkyls• on-site assistance and advice
regarding procedures
As such, we routinely advise ourcustomers on the development ofsystems which deliver TMAl from ourbulk containers to their production
tools and the safety procedures thatshould be employed in these production processes. Please contact us if you
are interested in such services.

6Contact usYour global Nouryon HPMO team is here to serve you. For more information,please contact your sales manager or regional Nouryon sales office.
Americas
Nouryon Polymer Chemistry
Citadel Center
131 S Dearborn St, Suite 1000
Chicago IL 60603-5566
USAT +1 800 828 7929 (US only)
E metalorganicsNA@nouryon.com

Europe, Middle East and Africa
Nouryon Polymer Chemistry
Zutphenseweg 107418 AJ Deventer
The Netherlands
E metalorganicsEU@nouryon.com

Asia PacificNouryon (Asia) Co., Ltd.
22F, Eco City, 1788 West Nan Jing Road
Shanghai 200040
P.R. China
T +86 21 22205649
M +86 18516145050
E metalorganicsAP@nouryon.com

Additional information
Product Data Sheets (PDS) and Safety Data Sheets (SDS) are available at nouryon.com
All information concerning this product and/or suggestions for handling and use contained herein are offered in good faith and are believed tobe reliable. Nouryon, however, makes no warranty as to accuracy and/or sufficiency of such information and/or suggestions, as to the product’s
merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose, or that any suggested use will not infringe any patent. Nouryon does not accept any liability
whatsoever arising out of the use of or reliance on this information, or out of the use or the performance of the product. Nothing contained hereinshall be construed as granting or extending any license under any patent. Customer must determine for himself, by preliminary tests or otherwise,
the suitability of this product for his purposes. The information contained herein supersedes all previously issued information on the subject mattercovered. The customer may forward, distribute, and/or photocopy this document only if unaltered and complete, including all of its headers andfooters, and should refrain from any unauthorized use. Don’t copy this document to a website.

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Nouryon is a global, specialty chemicals leader. Markets
and consumers worldwide rely on our essential solutions tomanufacture everyday products, such as personal care, cleaning
goods, paints and coatings, agriculture and food, pharmaceuticals,and building products. Furthermore, the dedication of more than
7,900 employees with a shared commitment to our customers,
business growth, safety, sustainability and innovation has resulted
in a consistently strong financial performance. We operate in over
80 countries around the world with a portfolio of industry-leading
brands. Visit our website and follow us @Nouryon and on LinkedIn.

nouryon.com