Environmental Product Declaration
In accordance with ISO 14025:2006 for:

Sodium chlorate (NaClO3)
from Nouryon
EPD registration number:
Publication date:
Valid until:

S-P-08340
2023-03-17
2028-03-17

Programme information
Programme:
Programme operator:
EPD registration number:
Publication date:
Valid until:

The International EPD® System, www.environdec.com
EPD International AB

S-P-08340
2023-03-17
2028-03-17

The International EPD® System
EPD International AB
Box 210 60
SE-100 31 Stockholm
SwedenProgramme:www.environdec.com
info@environdec.com
Product category rules (PCR):
Name: Basic chemicals product category
PCR 2021:03
Version 1.1
UN CPC code(s): Group 342 (Basic inorganic chemicals)
PCR review was conducted by:
The Technical Committee of the International EPD® System. A full list of members available onwww.environdec.com. The review panel may be contacted via info@environdec.com.
Chair of the PCR review: Lard-Gunnar Lindfors
Independent third-party verification of the declaration and data, according to ISO 14025:2006:☐ EPD process certification

EPD verification

Third party verifier:Damien Prunel, LCIE Bureau Veritas
signature of the third party verifier:Approved by: The International EPD® System
Procedure for follow-up of data during EPD validity involves third party verifier: Yes ☐ No
The EPD owner has the sole ownership, liability, and responsibility for the EPD. EPDs within the same
product category but from different programmes may not be comparable.
--

2

An EPD should provide current information and may be updated if conditions change.
The stated validity is therefore subject to the continued registration and publication atwww.environdec.com.
This EPD is in conformity with ISO14025:2006
EPDs within the same product category but from different programmes may not becomparable.

Company information
Owner of the EPD:
Rasmus Olsson, Product Manager SC and ClO2
Phone: +46709577625
Email: Rasmus.L.Olsson@nouryon.com
Address: Gamlestadsvägen 18 B-C, 415 02 Göteborg, Sweden
Description of the organisation:
Nouryon is a global specialty chemicals leader, providing essential chemicals to manufacturing of everyday
products such as construction materials, paper, food, pharmaceuticals, and personal care items. With its
about 7,800 employees Nouryon operates in over 80 countries around the world. Sustainability is acornerstone of the overall strategy to achieve long-term success in Nouryon and the focus is on providing
innovative and sustainable solutions that meet customers need, while also improving the company’senvironmental performance and maximizing the positive societal impact.
Further information on www.nouryon.com
Product-related or management system-related certifications:
RC 14001:2015 certification for: Ambès, Oulu, Stockvik, Alby + Columbus, Magog, Moses Lake
ISO 9001:2015 certification for: Ambès, Oulu, Stockvik, Alby + Columbus, Magog, Moses Lake
No certifications for: Jupiá, Bahia, Imperatriz, Jundiaí
EMAS registration for: Nouryon company
EcoVadis Platinum rating for: Nouryon company
Name and location of production site:
Alby: Nouryon Pulp and Performance Chemicals AB: Albyfabrikerna, Albyvägen 65, 841 44 Alby (Sweden)
Ambès: Nouryon Pulp and Performance Chemicals SAS: Pulp & Performance Chemicals, Z.I. du Bec, 33810
Ambès (France)
Bahia: Nouryon Pulp and Performance Indústria Quimica Bahia Ltda: Fazenda Brasilandia; Rod. BA 275, Km.
24 Lote 10; Zona Rural, Bahia, 45820-970 Eunápolis (Brazil)
Columbus: Nouryon Chemicals LLC: 4374 Nashville Ferry Road, East, 39702 Columbus, MS (United States)
Imperatriz: Nouryon Pulp and Performance Indústria Quimica Ltda: Avenida Newton Bello, S/N, Estrada
Imperatriz a Coquelandia, Maranhão, 65919-050 Imperatriz (Brazil)
Jundiaí: Nouryon Pulp and Performance Indústria Quimica Ltda: Rodovia Dom Gabriel; Paulino Bueno Couto
Km 65,2 SP, 13212-240 Jundiaí (Brazil)
Jupiá: Nouryon Pulp and Performance Indústria Quimica Ltda: Rodovia BR-158, Km 231 Fazenda Santa Vera
Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), 79621-065 Jupiá, Três Lagoas (Brazil)
Magog: Nouryon Pulp and Performance Canada Inc.: Pâte et performance Canada inc. / Pulp and
Performance Canada Inc., 1900, rue St-Patrice Est, J1X 3W5 Magog (Québec, Canada)
Moses Lake: Nouryon Chemicals LLC: 2701 Road N-NE, 98837 Moses Lake (United States)
Oulu: Nouryon Finland Oy: Nuottasaarentie 17, 90400 Oulu (Finland)
Stockvik: Nouryon Pulp and Performance Chemicals AB: Stockviksvägen 20, 854 67 Sundsvall (Sweden)

Product information
Product name
Sodium chlorate (NaClO3)
Product identification
CAS 7775-09-9
Product description
Sodium chlorate (NaClO3) is an efficient oxidising agent. Sodium chlorate from Nouryon is supplied tocustomers in crystalline or liquid form under the brand name Eka SC. It is delivered in bulk by tanker trucks,
railcars or tank containers containing up to 60 ton, or in “bigbags” containing approximately 1 Mt.
Sodium chlorate from Nouryon is mainly used at pulp mills in the production of chlorine dioxide used for
Elemental Chlorine-Free (ECF) bleaching of chemical pulp. It is also the preferred intermediate for sodium

3perchlorate and sodium chlorite manufacturing. It has further industrial applications as a specialty oxidant,
among others in surface treatment of metals, oxidizing chemical reactions and the mining industry.
Sodium chlorate is produced by electrolysis of a salt solution. The raw materials are sodium chloride (NaCl),water and electrical power. Hydrogen gas (H2) is formed as a by-product in the process and can be used as achemical raw material (for hydrogenation, manufacturing of hydrogen peroxide etc.) or as a fuel. The solution
formed is chcrystallized and the chlorate crystals are separated, washed and dried.

UN CPC code: Group 342 (Basic inorganic chemicals n.e.c.)
Other codes for product classification:
CPV 24312200-6 (Hypochlorites and chlorates)
UNSPSC 41141507 (Chlorate standards)
NACE 20.13 (Manufacture of other inorganic basic chemicals)
Geographical scope: Global
The sodium chlorate product is produced for world-wide distribution

LCA information
The Environmental performance was calculated using LCA (life cycle assessment).
Declared unit:
All environmental impacts are calculated using the declared unit of “1 kg of sodium chlorate in crystalline form
(100% concentration)”, ready for delivery, as prescribed in the PCR of basic chemicals.
Reference service life: not applicable for this product category
Time representativeness:
Site-specific data for the year 2020 was collected from Nouryon through a questionnaire and from Enablon,including information about the production processes, transport and end-of-life.
Database(s) and LCA software used:
The software GaBi version 10.5.1.124 is used to perform the LCA. Background data is sourced from
Ecoinvent 3.7.1 (2020). The temporal correlation is as of the documentation of the respective used processes.
The datasets representatives is within 10 years of the reference year.
System diagram:Rawmaterials
production

4

Transport
to Nouryon
production
site

NaClO3production

Transportof NaClO3
tocustomerTransportof waste totreatment

Waste
treatmentDescription of system boundaries:
All major steps from the extraction of natural resources until transport of the product to customer are includedin the environmental performance of the manufacturing phase (cradle-to-gate).
Upstream activities• Raw material supply: This life cycle stage includes the production process of raw materials. The bill ofmaterials (BOM) is supplied by Nouryon. None of the materials in the BOM are listed in the“Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern for authorisation” by ECHA.
Core activities• Transport of raw materials: This life cycle stage includes the transport of raw materials to the Nouryon
production factory gate. Specific data regarding the transport mode and distances werecommunicated by Nouryon.
• Production: This life cycle stage describes the production process of NaClO3. Specific and genericdata on utilities, freshwater consumption and emissions was obtained by Nouryon via direct
measurement. During this life cycle stage, hazardous and non-hazardous waste are generated, which
are incinerated or sent to landfill. The transport mode and distance for waste were communicated by
Nouryon, or if not available, it is based on the Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules
Guidance Version 6.3 – May 2018.
Downstream activities• Transport of product to customers: This life cycle stage describes the transport of the NaClO3 productfrom the production site to the main customer. Specific data regarding the transport mode anddistances were communicated by Nouryon.
Excluded lifecycle stages:
The use stage of the chemical product is excluded due to a strong variation in possible applications of
NaClO3. End-of-life treatment of the chemical product is excluded because all of the following criteria are
fulfilled:• the product is physically integrated with other products in subsequent life-cycle process so theycannot be physically separated from them at end of life,• the product or material is no longer identifiable at end-of-life as a result of a physical or chemicaltransformation process,• the product or material does not contain biogenic carbon, and• the EPD shall not be used for business-to-consumer communication.
More information:
The environmental indicators of the NaClO3 product are presented as the weighted average of the elevenproduction sites, based on the production volume of each production site.

Content declaration
Product
Materials / chemical substancesm%Environmental / hazardous properties

Sodium chlorate (NaClO3)> 99.5%

H271: May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidiser
H302: Harmful if swallowed
H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

PackagingDistribution packaging: the NaClO3 product is transported in bulk, so there is no packaging.
Consumer packaging: n.r.

Recycled material
Provenience of recycled materials (pre-consumer or post-consumer) in the product:
Not relevant for this product category.

5

Environmental performance
Potential environmental impact
Parameter

Unit

Upstream

Core

Total

7.38E-01

Downstream
7.60E-02

Global warming potential(GWP) – fossil

kg CO2 eq.

1.77E-01

Global warming potential(GWP) – biogenic

kg CO2 eq.

7.56E-04

1.36E-02

3.52E-04

1.47E-02

Global warming potential(GWP) – land use and land
use transformation

kg CO2 eq.

2.33E-04

9.12E-02

5.45E-05

9.14E-02

Global warming potential(GWP) – total

kg CO2 eq.

1.78E-01

8.43E-01

7.64E-02

1.10E+00

Acidification potential (AP)mol H+ eq.

1.17E-03

6.47E-03

5.40E-04

8.18E-03

Eutrophication potential (EP)– aquatic freshwater

kg P eq.

8.92E-05

2.43E-04

1.11E-05

3.43E-04

Eutrophication potential (EP)– aquatic marine

kg N eq.

2.89E-04

2.90E-03

1.84E-04

3.38E-03

Eutrophication potential (EP)– terrestrial

Mol N eq.

2.58E-03

1.84E-02

2.00E-03

2.29E-02

Photochemical ozone
creation potential (POCP)kg NMVOCeq.

6.94E-04

4.35E-03

5.64E-04

5.61E-03

Depletion potential of thestratospheric ozone layer(ODP)

kg CFC 11
eq.

3.30E-08

5.37E-08

1.46E-08

1.01E-07

Abiotic depletion potential(ADP) – Minerals and metals

kg Sb eq.

8.03E-06

1.05E-06

2.63E-07

9.34E-06

Abiotic depletion potential(ADP) – Fossil resources

MJ

3.26E+00

2.07E+01

1.13E+00

2.51E+01

Water deprivation potential(WDP)

m3 eq.

1.19E-01-1.46E-01

1.07E-02-1.56E-02

Unit

UpstreamCore

Downstream

Total

Use as energy
carrier

MJ, net calorificvalue

2.55E-01

2.43E+01

3.21E-02

2.46E+01

Used as raw
materials

MJ, net calorificvalue

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

TOTAL

MJ, net calorificvalue

2.55E-01

2.43E+01

3.21E-02

2.46E+01

Use as energy
carrier

MJ, net calorificvalue

3.26E+00

2.08E+01

1.13E+00

2.52E+01

Used as raw
materials

MJ, net calorificvalue

5.23E-05

3.72E-05

3.02E-05

1.20E-04

TOTAL

MJ, net calorificvalue

3.26E+00

2.08E+01

1.13E+00

2.52E+01

Use of resources
Parameter
Primaryenergyresources –Renewable

Primaryenergyresources –Nonrenewable

6

9.92E-01

Secondary materialkg

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

Renewable secondary fuels

MJ, net calorificvalue

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

Non-renewable secondary
fuels

MJ, net calorificvalue

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

Net use of fresh waterm3

2.78E-03-8.20E-02

2.49E-04-7.89E-02

Waste production
Parameter

Unit

Upstream

Core

Total

Hazardous waste disposed

kg

0.00E+00

1.71E-03

Downstream
0.00E+00

Non-hazardous waste
disposedkg

0.00E+00

1.91E-03

0.00E+00

1.91E-03

Radioactive waste disposed

kg

0.00E+00

6,08E-05

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

Output flows
Parameter

Unit

Upstream

Core

Total

Components for reusekg

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

Downstream
0.00E+00

Material for recyclingkg

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

Materials for energy
recoverykg

0.00E+00

5.68E-02

0.00E+00

5.68E-02

Exported energy, electricity

MJ

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

Exported energy, thermal

MJ

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

1.71E-03

0.00E+00

Interpretation
The impact of the upstream stage is comparable in all production sites, because mostly the same raw
materials in similar quantities are consumed to produce sodium chlorate on all sites. Most of the GWP total of
the upstream stage can be attributed to sodium chloride, since this also accounts for the majority of the mass
input of the raw materials. Other contributors to GWP total of the core stage are sodium hydroxide andhydrochloric acid, which are also the second and third contributors to the raw material input on mass basis.
The processes that contribute to the core stage depend on the electricity and heating source used on that
production site. Another contributor to the GWP of the core stage, is transport of raw materials.
The GWP in the downstream stage is caused by transport of the product.
The other impact categories, abiotic depletion (ADP) elements and fossils, acidification potential (AP),eutrophication potential (EP), ozone depletion potential (ODP) and photochemical ozone formation potential(POFP) all show a similar distribution of the impact between the life cycle stages as GWP. Still, someprocesses contribute more significantly to certain impact categories than others, depending on the production
site.
The raw material sodium chloride (upstream) is one of the largest contributors for all impact categories and on
all production sites. Electricity from natural gas contributes to ADP fossils and ODP, while electricity frombiomass contributes to GWP land use and land use change and water use can be attributed to nuclear
electricity. Electricity and heat from wood chips are the main contributor to GWP biogenic, and transport
processes contribute significantly to ODP and POFP.

7

References
1. International Organization for Standardization: Environmental management – Life Cycle Assessment– Principles and Framework (ISO 14040:2006)
2. International Organization for Standardization: Environmental management – Life Cycle Assessment– Requirements and guidelines (ISO 14044:2006)
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Naphtalene Sulphonates, Sodium and Bio Polymers, Sulfur Derivatives, Expancel, High Purity Metal
Organics (HPMO), Hydrogen Peroxide, Colloidal Silica Solutions, Levasil, Metal Alkyls, Organic
Peroxides and other organic initiators, AZO Compounds, Accelerators, Polymerization Catalysts, Acid
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