MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS
AND TRANSPORT

Urban Sewerage System
in Cambodia
By
Mr. HENG Lun, Technical Official, MPWT
Phnom Penh, 11 December, 2019

CAMBODIA PROFILE Cambodia

has 25 Provinces/Capital divided in 04
regions: 1) Cental plain, 2) Tonle sap, 3) Coastal&Sea and 4)
Platueau & Mountain.
 Total land area
: 181,035Km2
 Land: 97.50%
 Water: 2.50% Total population, Jun 2019
: 15.3 millions
 Living in Urban areas: 21.7% (2018)
 HH Size: 4.6
 Tourist Sector
 6.0mil. in 2018, 7.0mil. in 2020 (est.)
and expecting to reach 10.0mil. in 2025(ext.)
 Improved Access to Sanitation, 2018
 Rural: 71%
 Urban: 95%
 Cambodia has achieved sustained economic growthover the past two decades, of approx. 7% per annum,
enabling Cambodia to attain the lower middle-income
country status in 2016.
 However, the Vision of the Royal Government of Cambodia
 By 2030 becomes an Upper-Middle Income Country.
 By 2050 becomes a High-Income Country.
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 Population: 16.07 millions
 Land Area: 181, 035 km2
 Density: 88.76 person/km2
 Capital City: Phnom Penh
(Population: 1.9 millions)

MPWT Organization Chart

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2018-2023

The Royal Governmentof Cambodia, (RGC)
hasadopted
theRectangular
Strategy-Phase IV of
the Sixth Legislature of
the National Assemblyfor“Growth,Employment, EquityandEfficiency”:
Building the Foundation
Toward Realizing theCambodia Vision 2050.
it sets out clearly: Strategic Goals
 Sectoral DevelopmentPolicies
 Specific Measures tobe implemented from2019 onwards…
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2018-2023

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Priority Towns

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Strategic Development Plan 2019-2023 on Public Works and Transport Sector<<Sustainable Transport & Infrastructure Development>>

Strategic Development Plan 2019-2023 on
Public Works and Transport Sector<<Sustainable Transport & Infrastructure
Development>>

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)

Reform and Governance
IT System
Gender works
Roadway Transport, City Bus and Road
Traffic Safety
Waterway, Sea Transport and Port works
Logistic works
Illegal overloaded trucks and modifiedvehicles

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8)

9)
10)
11)
12)

Transportation infrastructure development worksa.
Road Infrastructure Maintenanceb.
Wastewater Treatment and ManagementWorks (see the project list attached)
Railway works
Environmental worksPublic Autonomous Units
Youth, Sport and Humanity Works

-----

Lead the policy-making, strategy, master plan, and drainage
development plan and wastewater treatment system in Cambodia;
Prepare technical standard on construction, management, O&M;
Lead the facilitation with concerned ministries/institutions,development partners, and private sectors for the investment inconstruction;
Support financial resources, means and equipment for sub-national
administrations on the management;
Cooperate with concerned ministries/institutions, and sub-national
administrations to improve education and to disseminate to thepublic;
Cooperate with Ministry of Environment and stakeholders for capacity
development and experience sharing about the management ofdrainage and wastewater treatment system to sub-nation
administrations;
Motivate capital, provincial, municipal, and district administrations inoperation and maintenance works of the drainage and wastewater
treatment system;
Coordinate and mobilize fund from development partners, donors,
and public sectors to develop drainage and wastewater treatment
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systemCurrent Status of Wastewater Managementin Cambodia


MPWT is the lead actor in urban sanitation

As of 2019, there are only 03 centralized WWTPs areunder limit operation.

Currently, about 03 more WWTPs are underdesign/construction; it is expected that total capacity ofwastewater treatment would increase up to 52
850m3/day in three different cities.

About less than 5% of urban wastewater volume iscollected and treated properly to the standard.



Most of the existing urban drainage & seweragesystems are combined sewer systems. The collection
system is less 5%.

Most of wastewater is primarily treated in septic tanksof each household before discharging into publicdrainage systems.

De-centralized wastewater treatment is now more andmore developed and applied in practice in Cambodia.

Most common method for sludge treatment isdumping and backfilling.

Sludge from septic tank collected by private companies
are sometime improperly dumped to the environment.

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2010

2005

1994

Activities for Wastewater Mainstreaming in MPWT Project in 2019
A. Soft Part
1)
2)
3)

4)

5)

6)
7)

Dessimination on Sub-decree no. 235
8)
Conducting and participating series meetings,
through Workshop to Sub-national level.
workshop/seminar and trainings on wastewater
Finalizing the Prakas of Article 22 of the Suband sanitation management.
decree 235.
9)Preparing roadmap/direction, specification andContinuing to draft wastewater andtechnical standard for wastewater management
sewerage system law and accelerate forwith JICA Experts/DPs.
promulgation.
10) Preparing capacity building and institutional
Preparing series of project concept notes forstrengthening plan with JICA Experts.
urban wastewater and sanitation then11)
Continuing to study the Fecal Sludge
seeking for funding support forManagement (FSM) in Siem Reap Town, GGGI
implementation.
fund.
Continuing to study the Master Plan and F.S 12) Coordinating and cooperating with ourin selected priority towns and densely
LMs/LAs/DPs working in the wastewater andpopulated areas.
sanitation.
Regular meeting of the Sub-TWG on Urban 13) Preparing monitoring checklist/indicators andWastewater and Sanitation (LMs/Las/DPs).
managing of all relevant wastewaterSocial network posting and sharing on
management works.
relevant works through Facebook, Media etc. 12/11/2019

Activities for Wastewater Mainstreaming in MPWT Project in 2019
B. Hard Part

National BudgetInternational Budget

1)

1)

2)
3)
4)

Construction of 04 spillways/excavate sludge
along the O’Cheuteal Creek to minimize thewastewater directly discharging to the Sea in
Sihanoukville province
Sihanoukville existing Wastewater Treatment
Plant Improvement
Construction of Sewerage System atPopulated area along NR73
Urgent construction works instructed fromour management level.

2)
3)

4)
5)
6)

Water Supply and Sanitation Improvement
Project in Siem Reap Town, Siem Reap Province,
WB loanSewerage System Development in Ta Khmau
Town, Kandal Province, EDCF Loan
Implement the Second Southern Economic
Corridor Towns Development Project, ADB
loan
Improvement of Siem Reap River Phase II
project, EDCF Loan
Integrated urban environmental management inTonle Sap Basin II, ADB Loan
Provincial Water Supply and Sanitation Project,ABD Loan.

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*03 JICA experts
mobilized in Apriland July 201912/11/2019

Water-Wise Innovative Challenge Symposium 28 Jan 2018

MOC Signing Ceremony on 15 Feb 2017, Japan

Exhibition in Kyoto 04.08.2017

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Cambodia-Japan Water Supply and Sewer Seminar on 21-22 Dec 2017

Relationship between Cambodia and Japan (Wastewater and Sanitation)
JapanCambodia- MPWT- Phnom Penh (DPWT)- Other

Capacity Development Project- MLIT - Kitakyushu- JICA - JS - Others

Legal and Institutional framework
is strengthened

Bilateral Meeting on Technical Cooperation on Sewerage
Works

Cambodia: MPWT, MOE, Phnom Penh, DPWT
Japan: Embassy, MLIT, JICA, Kitakyushu, JS
AWaP

Combination(THIS PROJECT)

Asian Wastewater Management Partnerships

 Raising Awareness on Wastewater Management
 Monitoring of Wastewater Management
 Resolving Common Challenges

Formulation of Legal andInstitutional and set-up,
including Human Resources
Development

SUB-TWG Sub- Technical Working Group on Urban
Wastewater and Sanitation
Other JICA Projects

12/11/2019Current Status of Wastewater Managementin Siem Reap

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Siem Reap Sewage Management

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Siem Reap Sewer Flow Process
Improving Flow ConditionWC
To install Sewer

Existing Sewer
Town Center Drain
Weir Board

Resettlement Area
Wastewater
Treatment Plant

Force main Sewer
Pumping
StationRice Field

Wastewater Generation by both districts
Description2010

2015

2020

2025

2030

East

3,915

4,907

6,049

7,379

8,909

West

7,484

9,250

11,31013,716

16,526

Total
11,399
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14,157

17,35921,09525,435

Concept Design Treatment Plant
Anaerobic PondFacultativePond

Sludge Drying
Beds

Maturation Pond
Discharge

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91% of fecal
waste ends
up in theenvironment
untreated

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Service zone connected by gravity and rising main

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Challenge

Need Improved FSM services wheresewerage connections are not possible
Opportunities for Interventions
 WWTP and new FSTP in convenient location
 AIMF/SIAAP supporting new FSTP with reuse of FS
for agriculture Active private sector service providers
 Opportunity for joint billing with SWA
 Supportive national policy and 2018 sub-Decree

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Challenge
Limited O&M capacity
Project interventions
Improve O&M capacity- Modernize the operation of the system- Practical, low cost and easy to operate
FSTP and reuse- All interventions accompanies by capacity
building and training-12/11/2019

Challenge
Low operating cost ratio due to low
collection rate
Project interventions- Increase house sewer connections- Improve wastewater fee collection
system (aim to combine with water bill)- Increase access to improved FSM
services for non-connected households= more faecal sludge- Improve financial management capacity- Improve operation efficiency (includingreplacing pumps)
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Private sector service providers pay
monthly charges for disposing of
faecal sludge in WWTP

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Problem and Constraint
The present situation of sewerage and drainage is alarming,
flooding during the raining season, climate resilience andrequires urgent intervention to address the issues;
 A further deterioration is expected through rapid town
development, land use & zoning development and the basic
infrastructures (flood protection, water flow regulation system,
town center drain, diver channel…);
 At present, there is no sewerage and drainage sector masterplan for the towns or country,
 Not adequate human resources, empowerment and financial
resources for O&M and management of the sewer system;12/11/2019

Necessary Countermeasure• Establishment of legislation and laws for wastewater
management institutions for the empowerment/
enforcement, Capacity building and resources
mobilization.
• Master plan for the wastewater management & related
basic infrastructure of each urban area and towns
throughout the country is urgently required;• Encouragement of Private Sector Participation.

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Thank you
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