Part 1 CCT Classifications
International Cooperation

Current State of International Cooperation
Concomitant with the progress of industrialization andurbanization, developing countries are now facing serious air andwater pollution issues. Coal is utilized to produce a significant
proportion of the energy consumed in developing countries,
particularly in Asia. As their economies have developed, it has
become an increasingly significant challenge for these countries todevelop and disseminate coal utilization technologies, along withbroad environmental conservation measures.
Unfortunately, insufficient capital, techniques and expertise limithow much developing countries can improve environmentalconditions on their own. They require the assistance ofinternational organizations and of industrialized countries,including Japan. Japan has therefore promoted international
cooperation with a focus on the Green Aid Plan (GAP) withcounterpart countries, including China, Indonesia, Thailand,Malaysia, the Philippines, India and Vietnam.
In recent years, the global warming issue has attracted intenseinternational concern. Global warming is a serious problem for thefuture of the earth and humankind, and is closely related to humaneconomic activity and its accompanying energy consumption.
Thus, it is important to address environmental needs during thepursuit of economic development.
The Kyoto Protocol, adopted in Kyoto in December 1997 andwhich came into effect on February 16, 2005, includes the "Kyoto
Mechanisms," an important instrument for international

cooperation. One of the Kyoto Mechanisms, a market mechanism
known as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), is a newinternational cooperation system that aims to reduce greenhousegas emissions through cooperation between developed anddeveloping countries. To address global environmental issues thathave continued to worsen worldwide, developing countries areencouraged to maximize their self-help efforts toward improving theenvironment by stemming the increases in pollution and theworsening of global warming.
Japan has been encouraged to contribute to the economic growthand environmental improvement of developing countries throughthe active promotion of Japanese Clean Coal Technology (CCT) to
Asian countries including China, which is expected to show acontinued increase in coal demand. Japan also promotes
technological cooperation with Australia in order to make coal amore effective energy resource with even greater cost efficiency
and supply stability.

(1) Developing human resources
1) Training project on coal mining technology
Domestic mines have developed coal production and minesafety techniques with first-rate underground mining over a long
period of time. Making use of these techniques, Japan provides
technical cooperation to coal producing countries in the AsiaPacific region to improve their coal production and mine safety.
Japan also provides a human resource training project that
accepts engineers from abroad and sends Japanese engineers
to overseas coal-producing countries to ensure a stable supplyof imported coal. Over 300 manager-level or higher ranking coalengineers from China, Indonesia and Vietnam have participatedin the training program in Japan annually to receive face-to-facetechnical transfer sessions on business management, coalmining, mine safety and mechanical/electrical equipment at
Japan’s Kushiro mine and the Nagasaki Coal Mine Technology

Training Center.
For overseas training, Japan sends coal engineers to China toprovide seminar-style training, and sends coal engineers toIndonesia and Vietnam to provide direct guidance on-site atlocal mines.

Transfer of Japan’s coal mining technology toAsia-Pacific region to ensure a stable supply of coal

Human Resources
DevelopmentTraining Project onCoal Mining Technology

Transfer of environmental technology
through Green Aid Plan

Clean Coal Technology
Transfer Project

Training of coal engineers worldwide
within ODA system

JICA Training Project13

Clean Coal Technologies in Japan3) Supporting JICA training projects
JCOAL supports or carries out coal-related projects and training
programs supported by the Japan International Corporation
Agency (JICA). JCOAL also provides domestic training programson coal mining and mine safety techniques to engineers fromIndonesia and Vietnam.

2) Promoting dissemination of clean coal technology
For the purpose of promoting the dissemination of clean coaltechnology, improving coal utilization technology and deepening
the understanding of these technologies, Japan promotes
technical transfers on coal utilization and quality management,
including pollution countermeasures to reduce SOx, NOx anddust emissions, as well as the promotion of high-efficiency
power generation to improve energy usage efficiencies, byinviting engineers from APEC countries to participate in training
programs in Japan.

(2) List of clean coal technologies and model projects relating to GAP
List of clean coal technologies and model projects relating to GAP
Project name

Project period

Target country

Site

Counterpart

Post-combustion cleaning
Simplified
desulfurization unit

Coke oven gas desulfurization unit

FY1993-FY1995

People’s Republic of China

Weifang Chemical Plant
Nanning Chemical Industrial Group
Changshou Chemical Works

The State Planning Commission/Ministry of Chemical Industry
The State Planning Commission/Ministry of Chemical Industry
The State Planning Commission/Ministry of Chemical Industry

FY1995-FY1997

ThailandThe Union Paper Public Co., Ltd.

Department of Industrial Works, Ministry of Industry

FY1998-FY2001

People’s Republic of China

Hunan Province Xiang Jiang Nitrogenous Fertllizer Industrial Co.,Ltd.

The State Development Planning Commission/State Administration of Petrochemical Industry/Hunan Provlncial Planning Commission

FY1999-FY2002

People’s Republic of China

Anyang Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd.

The State Development Planning Commission/Henan Provlncial Planning Commission/The State Administration of Metallurgical Industry

Cleaning during combustion, improvement of combustion efficiency
Circulating fluidized
bed boiler

People’s Republic of China

Fangshan Garment Group Co.
Lingzi Coal Mine Zibo Mining Administration

The State Planning Commission/Beijing Planning Commission
The State Planning Commission/Ministry of Coal Industry

Philippines

Batangas Coal-fired Thermal Power Plant

Department of Energy

Indonesia

PT. Kertas Basuki Rachmat

Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT)

People’s Republic of China

Chaili Colliery, Zaozhuang Coal Mining Administration

The State Planning Commission/Ministry of Coal Industry

FY1996-FY1998

People’s Republic of China

Jinzhou Heat-power General Co.,Ltd.

The State Planning Commission/Planning Committee of Liaoning Provincs

FY1996-FY1999

People’s Republic of ChinaZhejiang Huba Corporation

The State Planning Commission/Zhejiang Provincal Planning Commission

FY1997-FY1999

ThailandSaraburi factory of Indorama Chemicals (Thailand) Ltd.

Department of Industrial Works, Ministry of Industry

FY1997-FY2001

People’s Republic of China

Liaoyuan City Heating Power the Source of Energy Co.

The State Planning Commission/Jilin Provinclat Planning Commission

People’s Republic of China

Tangzhuang Mine of Linyi Coal Mine Administration

The State Planning Commission/Ministry of Coal Industry

Indonesia

Tanjung Enim Mine

Ministry of Mines and Energy

FY1996-FY1998

Indonesia

PT. Alas Wiratema Briket

Ministry of Mines and Energy

FY1997-FY1999

ThailandElectricity Generating Authority of Thailand Mae Moh Mine

Department of Industrial Works , Ministry of Industry

FY1998-FY2002

Philippines

Filipines Systems Inc.

Department of Energy

FY1994-FY1997

People’s Republic of China

Wangfenggang Coal Preparation Plant of Huainan Coal Mining Bureau
Preparation Plant of Dongtan Coal Mine of Yanzhou Coal Mining Bureau

The State Planning Commission/Ministry of Coal Industry
The State Planning Commission/Ministry of Coal Industry

People’s Republic of China

Beijing Yanshan Petrochemical Corp.

The State Planning Commission

FY1993-FY1995

FY1995-FY1997

Pre-combustion cleaning
Briquette production
unit

Water-saving coalpreparation system
Desulfurization-type CWM unit

FY1993-FY1995

FY1995-FY1998-14