Your Innovation Compass
in Organic Peroxides for
Polymer Modification

Nouryon Creates
Everyday Essentials
Nouryon is your partner in essential solutions for a sustainable future.
We are a global, specialty chemicals
leader. Markets and consumers
worldwide rely on our essential
solutions to manufacture everyday
products, such as personal care,cleaning goods, paints and coatings,
agriculture and food, pharmaceuticals, and building products.
Furthermore, the dedication of
approximately 8,200 employees witha shared commitment to ourcustomers, business growth, safety,
sustainability and innovation has
resulted in a consistently strong
financial performance. We operate inover 80 countries around the world
with a portfolio of industry-leading
brands.

Within our Polymer Specialties
business, we produce everyday
essentials for the global polymer,
recycling and polymer processing
industries. We are among the world’s
leading producers of organic
peroxides, metal alkyls and organometallic specialties, which areessential ingredients for thethermoplastic, composite and rubber
industries. We are widely known for
our world-class products, including
Butanox®, Trigonox®, Perkadox® and
Ketjenblack® brands.
As a company of innovation, we haverecently introduced new initiators,
which have an improved performancein selectivity and HSE profile, including
Trigonox® 421 and Trigonox® 301.
products for example.

RotterdamMons

La Porte

Regional headquarter
Manufacturing - Organic peroxides
Manufacturing - Metal alkyls
Research & development
Transfilling & blending station
Regional warehouse

2

Paulinia

All our sites are ISO 9001 and ISO
14001 certified to ensure the highest
product quality and strict compliancewith environmental regulations. We
continually invest in manufacturing
techniques, high quality standards,
safety, innovation, active technicalsupport and a reliable supply chain.

Adria

Mahad

Itupeva

Our manufacturing sites anddistribution centers are found
all around the globe. Our global
distribution network allows us todeliverour products to you anywherein the world. That’s how we ensure
security of supply and easy access toquality products wherever you are.

Deventer

Pasadena
Los Reyes

A global partner

Tianjin
Jiaxing
NingboAsa

Enabling thePolymer Cycle
Building on a sustainability driven strategy. We provide
essential ingredients to enable the polymer cycle.

Initiators, co-catalysts& additives to produce
polymers

Bio- & fossil-based feedstock

Pol
ym

er
uc
od
pr

Polymer life cycletion• Metal alkyls & complex
metalorganics• Reactor additives

g
lin

PVC

in g

l re

ess

Ch emicaaMech nical recyc

PP LDPE HDPE

• Organic peroxides

pr

cl

oc

cy

EPS

in

g

End ofproduct life
Landfill &energy recovery

P

m
o ly

er

Curatives &additives tocreate products

Acrylic resins• Organic peroxides• Polymer & processing additives

Modifiers to upgrade
polymer properties• Organic peroxides

Crosslinked PE

Rubber goods

Modified polymers
Composites

3

Contributing to a
Sustainable Future
We partner with our customers, suppliers and employees todeliver innovative solutions, drive progress and create a safe
and sustainable today and tomorrow for everyone.
Our ‘Commitment to a Sustainable Future,’ is based on three pillars:

IMPROVEGROWENGAGE

Improve our safety andenvironmental performance

Innovate to create Sustainable
Solutions, enabling customers to
be more sustainable

Engage with customers, suppliers,
employees, and society to drive
progress

Key sustainable development goals:

Key sustainable development goals:

Key sustainable development goals:

Our effort to IMPROVE our environmental performance includes ambitious targets:
Safety ambition: zero injuries and harm
2030
By the end of 2030, we have targeted reducing our absolute Scope 1 & 2 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions
by 40%, vs. a 2019 base year
By the end of 2030, we have targeted reducing our total waste intensity by 10%, and water consumption intensity
by 10%, vs. a 2019 base year
2050
By 2050, we aspire to be a net zero organization

4

Our Innovative Products
to Enable
Polymer Modification
We are the global leader in the production of organic peroxides for the polymer,
rubber and resin industry. Markets worldwide rely on our essential chemistry, ourglobal production footprint and safety expertise to enable the polymer life cycle.
The combination of our strong
commitment to sustainability and ourunique reactive chemistry is what
drives Nouryon to develop essential
ingredients for the polymer industry.
Organic peroxides are reactive
molecules activated by temperature.
They decompose during extrusion to
generate radicals responsible for themodification of polymers.

Our products Trigonox® and Perkadox®
enable the polymer industry to expand
the range of applications of polyolefins.

molecular weight and decrease MFI
resulting in a polymer with enhanced
melt strength.

The mechanical properties of polymers
can be tuned upon selection of thesuitable reactive peroxide. Trigonox®
and Perkadox® can be used to either
reduce molecular weight and increase
Melt Flow Index (MFI) or to increase

Applications of modified polypropylene
range from fibers for hygiene productand disposable medical protective
gear, to food packaging andautomotive.

Increase MFI and reduce viscosity (CR-PP)
Trigonox® 101
Trigonox® 301
Trigonox® 501-CS40
Decrease MFI and increase melt strength (HMS-PP)
Perkadox® 24L
Perkadox® PM-60ST-GR
Modification of biopolymers (HMS-PLA)
Trigonox® 301
Trigonox® 501-CS40

5

Controlled Rheology PP(CR-PP)
Reaching target MFI and delivering consistent product quality.

Our products can be used to reduce
molecular weight and increase Melt
Flow Index (MFI) and to narrow
molecular weight distribution,
important to enable specificapplications (e.g fibers production).

Trigonox® 101 is slightly more
effective on an equal weight basis.
However, Trigonox® 301 andTrigonox® 501-CS40 generate lower
VOCs levels compared to Trigonox®
101. Tertiary Butyl Alcohol (TBA) and
acetone as well as aromatics areabsent when using Trigonox® 301
and Trigonox® 501-CS40. Trigonox®
301 and Trigonox® 501-CS40 have
FDA and BfR food contact approvals.
They are suitable for food packaging,hygiene products and automotive
interiors.

before modification
after modification(CR-PP)

Frequency

One important negative aspect ofpolypropylene is its very high melt
elasticity causing processing
problems on high-speed equipment.
Controlled-rheology polypropylene(CR-PP) is produced reducing themelt elasticity by narrowing thetypically broad molecular weight
distribution of virgin polypropylene.

Trigonox® 101, Trigonox® 301 andTrigonox® 501-CS40 are the organic
peroxides of choice to control therheology of polypropylene.

3

4

5
6
Log (Molecular Weight)

7

90
80
70
60

MFI

Our products Trigonox® andPerkadox® allow to expand the range
of applications of polypropylene (PP).

50
40
30

Trigonox 101

20

Trigonox 301

10

Trigonox 501-CS40

0
0.00%

0.05%

0.10%

0.15%

0.20%

Concentration

Moreover, organic peroxides are used
to rapidly produce additional PP
grades post-reaction (during
extrusion), resulting in key benefits:• no need to adjust process
conditions/catalyst system during
polymerization and• low amount of off-spec material
during catalyst switch

600
Total VOCs

500

Ketones/Alcohols
Esthers/Ethers

VOC (ppm)

400

C1-C3

300
200
100
0
Trigonox 101

Improvements

6

1st generation

2nd generation

3rd generation

Trigonox 101

Trigonox 301

Trigonox 501-CS40

Residual VOCs

•

•

•

Odor & smell of PP

•

•

•

FDA approval

•

•

•

Transport classification

•

•

•

Storage requirements

•

•

•

Trigonox 301 Trigonox 501-CS40

High Melt Strength PP(HMS-PP)Introducing long chain branching and improving mechanical properties.

High Melt Strength
Polypropylene is therefore moresuitable for applications where
high-melt-strength (HMS) is required,like foaming (narrow processing
window, non-uniform cell size), blow
molding (lack of strain hardening),
thermoforming (sheet sagging,
thinning, pin-holes) and extrusion
coating (melt resonance, highneck-in).
Our peroxides, Perkadox® 24L andPerkadox® PM-60ST-GR are used toincrease molecular weight anddecrease MFI resulting in a polymer
with enhanced melt strength or
HMS-PP.
The Introduction of long chain
branches improves the mechanicalproperties of PP, such as impact,
flexural and tensile strength.
Foaming

Commercial

HMS-PP

HMS-PP after
modification with
Perkadox® 24

Perkadox® 24L is an effective
peroxide for improving melt strengthof polypropylene. It is very reactive;
the modification reaction starts at
relatively low temperature. It istherefore advised to only use it with
polypropylene (reactor) powder.
Perkadox® 24L is FDA approved for
PP food contact applications.
Perkadox® PM-60ST-GR is suitable
for modification of PP pellets. This isbecause Perkadox® PM-60ST-GR has
a relatively high thermal stability
allowing PP to melt in the extruder
before the reaction starts. Perkadox®
PM-60ST-GR is not approved forfood contact applications.

before modification
after modification(HMS-PP)Frequency

Polypropylene (PP) is a linear polymer
with low melt strength, limited strain
hardening and poor processing athigh strain rates.

3

4

5
6
Log (Molecular Weight)

7

16

10

14

8

12
10

6

8
4

6
4

2

2

0

0
0.0%

1.5%

2.2%

2.7%

4.0%

Perkadox PM-60ST-GR
MFI (g/10 min)Melt strength (cN, 220°C)

Perkadox 24L

Perkadox PM

PP typepowder (reactor grade)pellets, flakes

Dose (%)

0.5 - 2.0

0.5 - 2.0

Conditions extrusions

nitrogennitrogen or air

Food contact

FDA approval

not approved

Thermoforming

HMS-PP after
modification with
Perkadox® 24

Blow molding

Blank PPHDPE drum

HMS-PP after
modification with
Perkadox® 24

7

Our Products
PRODUCT NAMECHEMICAL NAME [CAS NUMBER]

GENERAL DATA
Molecular weight

2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane [78-63-7]
TRIGONOX 101
TRIGONOX 101-20PP

CH 3

CH 3
CH 3 COO

CH 2 CH 2 C

CH 3

CH 3

TRIGONOX 101-E70

C

CH 3

290.4

CH 3
O

O

C

CH 3

CH 3

CH 3

3,6,9-Triethyl-3,6,9-trimethyl-1,4,7-triperoxonane [24748-23-0]
TRIGONOX 301
TRIGONOX 301-20PP

11.02
92

10.14

20

2.20

70

7.71

264.3

18.16

CH 3 CH 2 CH 3

7.45

O C O

8

1.45

O

CH 3 CH 2 C

C
O

O

CH 3
CH 2 CH 3

1,2,4,5,7,8-Hexoxonane, 3,6,9-trimethyl-3,6,9-tris (Et and Pr)[1613243-54-1]

17.8

TRIGONOX 501-CS40

40

7.14

TRIGONOX 501-CS30

30

5.33

Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate [26322-14-5]
PERKADOX 24L

O

PERKADOX 24-FL
CH 3 (C H 2) 15 O

C

570.9

O
O

O

C

O

O
CH 3

C

O

PERKADOX 14-40B-PD
PERKADOX 14-EP40

C

CH 3

CH 3

CH 3
O

O

C
CH 3

C

2.65

5.91
3.35

CH 3

CH 3

CH 3 C

94.5

60

Di(tert-butylperoxyisopropyl) benzene [25155-25-3; 2212-81-9]
PERKADOX 14S-FL

2.55

270.3

O
O

2.80
91

(C H 2) 15 CH 3

Di(4-methylbenzoyl) peroxide [895-85-2]
PERKADOX PM-60ST-GR

8

Active oxygen (%)

41

O

CH 3

Assay (%)

O

CH 3

CH 3
O

C
CH 3

CH 3

338.5

9.45
96

9.08

40

3.8

40

3.8

* for land and sea transport and classified as Organic peroxide type C; UN 3103 for air transport** classified as flammable solid; class 4. 1; UN 1325

Physical form

STORAGE DATAKINETIC DATA
T (°C) FOR T1/2

Ts max.
(°C)

0.1 h 1.0 h 10 h

A (1/s)156

1.68E+16 155.49

Ts min.
(°C)

liquid40

on polypropylene, beads

30

solution in mineral oil

40

5solution in iso-paraffins40

10

on polypropylene, beads

40

134

115

SAFETY DATA
Ea(kJ/mole)

10

170

170

146

146

125

125

SADT
(°C)

Tem
(°C)

STANDARD
PACKAGE TYPE
Tc
(°C)

UN
No.

Hazardclass.

80

3103

C

HDPE can /HDPE drum

70

3108

G

carton

75

3109

F

HDPE can/IBC

110

3105

D

HDPE can

90

3110

F

carton1.02E+15 150.23

1.09E+15

150.60liquid

40

-25

110

3105

D

HDPE canliquid

40

-30

110

3109*

F

HDPE canpowder

20

40

35

30

3120

F

cartonflakes

20

40

35

30

3120

F

cartongranules

30

80

30

5

3110

F

cartonflakes

20

80

3106

D

cartonpowder

30

80

1325

**

cartongranules

30

80

1325

**

carton

84

110

156

65

88

134

48

70

114

3.02E+15

5.11E+15

7.65E+15

124.30134.4

152.699Modification of
Biopolymers
Increasing melt strength by introducing long chain branching.

• Linearity of the polymer chain,leading to low melt elasticity andimpact strength• Crystallinity, giving a relatively low
heat distortion temperature
The molecular weight distribution of
PLA can be broadened by modification

with organic peroxides like Trigonox®
101, Trigonox® 301 and Trigonox®
501-CS40, which all can lead to theformation of a high molecular weighttail. The PLA modified with Trigonox®
301 (and Trigonox® 501-CS40) is
completely soluble (no gel formation
observed).
Our peroxides can induce long chain
branching of other biopolymers (nextto PLA), such as poly-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHV) and poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) among others.

With the introduction of long chain
branching and improved melt strength
PLA and other biopolymers can be
successfully used in applications suchas film blowing, extrusion coating andfoaming.
before modification
after modification(HMS-PLA)

Wight fraction

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable
and renewable thermoplastic
polyester. PLA has some limitations
that impact its processing window andtherefore its application range:

3.5

4.5
5.5
Log (Molecular Weight)

6.5

Other Aplications
Modification of polyethylene
Recently LDPE production process has been shifting towards tubular reactors for their lower operational costs. Tubular
LDPE is less suitable for applications such as extrusion coating due to its narrow molecular weight distribution and low
degree of long chain branching. Post reactor reactive extrusion with organic peroxides such as Trigonox® 301 or
Trigonox® 501-CS40 is used to introduce long chain branching, hence increasing the melt strength and making tubular
LDPE suitable for extrusion coatings applications.

Grafting Maleic Anhydride on polyolefins
Modification of olefinic polymers (i.e. PE and PP) with maleic anhydride is generally needed to promote the adhesion tometals, mineral fillers, glass fibers or to other polymers such as nylon. The modification is mostly carried out in a solution
or in the polymer melt by a radical grafting reaction using an organic peroxide. Perkadox® 14 and Trigonox® 101 can beused to graft maleic anhydride to LDPE, EPDM and PP.

Recycling of polyolefins
Organic peroxides such as Trigonox® 501-CS40 and Perkadox® PM-60ST-GR are used in advanced mechanical recyclingof polyolefins to improve the mechanical properties and the performance of recyclate. They enable the recycling industry
to meet increasingly demanding market needs in terms of quality and recycled content, to produce more recycled gradesfrom available feedstocks and to expand the range of application of recycled polyolefins. They allow 100% recycledcontent claims and enable re-recyclability. Check out our polymer recycling brochure for more information.

10

Your Safety
Our Priority
Nouryon is recognized as the global leader in organic
peroxide safety. Our proven success in safely handlingorganic peroxides is due to our long-term commitment
to developing and maintaining high safety standards. We
at Nouryon always place safety as our top priority.

• c lassroom review of safety andhandling of organic peroxides• consultation on storage anddosing facility design• demonstrations on the safe use,
handling and control of organic
peroxides
Our Safety Research Laboratory inDeventer, The Netherlands is heavily
involved in R&D, ­ensuring thedevelopment of safe products andprocesses. Studies are carried out, inorder to provide a high level of safety
in manufacturing, handling andtransport of dangerous goods.
In general organic peroxides arethermally ­unstable compounds,
decomposing at relatively low
temperatures. However, knowledge of­proper handling techniques, carefully
designed facilities and thoroughtraining of personnel can overcome
the hazards. Personnel who
understand and pay proper attention
will be able to handle organic
peroxides confidently and safely.

Scan QR code to watch
our short video on oursafety services

Storage temperatures
SADT: Self-Accelerating
Decomposition Temperature
The SADT is the lowest temperature
at which self-accelerating decomposition may occur with a substance inthe packaging as used in transport.
Transportation temperatures arederived from the SADT according to
the recommendations by the United
Nations Committee of Experts on theTransport of Dangerous Goods.
Ts max.
The Ts max. given in the product liston pages 8-9 is the recommended
maximum storage temperature atwhich the product is stable andquality loss will be minimal.
Ts min.
A minimum storage temperature (Tsmin.) is given if phase separation,
crystallization or solidification of the
product is known to occur below thetemperature indicated. We
recommend that you store theproduct above the Ts min. indicatedfor quality and in some cases safety
reasons.
Tem: Emergency temperature
The Tem is derived from the SADT andis the temperature at which
emergency procedures must be
implemented.

Tc: Control temperature
The Tc is also derived from the SADT
and is the maximum temperature atwhich the product can be safely
transported. A Tc is not required if the
SADT exceeds 50°C.
Both the Tem and Tc are related tosafety and do no apply to productquality. To maintain product quality
the recommended storage
temperatures (Ts min. and max.) haveto be observed.
UN Numbers
All products accepted for transport
are assigned to generic entry
numbers according to classification
principles as described in therecommendations by the United
Nations Committee of Experts on theTransport of Dangerous Goods.

Survey of thermal stability
Temperature

Sharing our experience in safety is oneof the most important resources weoffer. Through our safety programs
we provide expert advice on thehandling of our products including:

Thermal Explosion

Induction Time
Runaway
SADT
Emergency Temperature
Maximum Storage Temperature

Unstable
Quality Loss
StableTime

11

Contact Us
For product inquiry and ordering information, please contact your Nouryon
account manager or regional Nouryon sales office.
Americas
US and other countries

MexicoCitadel Center
131 S Dearborn St, Suite 1000
Chicago IL 60603-5566
USA
T +1 800 828 7929 (US only)
E polymer.amer@nouryon.com

Av. Morelos No. 49
Col. Tecamachalco
Los Reyes La Paz Estado de Mexico
C.P. 56500 Mexico
T +52 55 5858 0700
E polymer.mx@nouryon.com

BrazilRodavia Nouryon no. 707
Portão A – Planta C
Bairro São Roque da Chave
13295-000 Itupeva - São Paulo
Brazil
T +55 11 4591 8800
E polymer.sa@nouryon.com

France, Italy, Spain and Portugal

India

Middle East

Autovia de Castelldefels, km 4.6508820 El Prat de Llobregat
Barcelona
Spain
T +34 933 741991
E polymer.es@nouryon.com

North Block 801, Empire Tower,
Reliable Cloud City Campus,
Off Thane – Belapur Road
Airoli, Navi Mumbai - 400708
India
T +91(0) 22 68426700
E polymer.india@nouryon.com

Nouryon Saudi Arabia
King Saud Road, Kanoo Tower
P.O. Box 37
31411 Dammam
Saudi Arabia
T + 96 61383 46526
E communications.me@nouryon.com

Other countries

Asia PacificRoom 2501 & 26F, Building A
Caoheijing CenterNo. 1520 Gumei Road, Xuhui District
Shanghai 200233
P.R. China
T +86 21 2289 1000
E polymer.apac@nouryon.com

Europe, India, Middle East and Africa

Zutphenseweg 107418 AJ Deventer
The Netherlands
E polymer.emeia@nouryon.com

Additional information
Product Data Sheets (PDS) and Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for our polymerization initiators are available at nouryon.com
All information concerning this product and/or suggestions for handling and use contained herein are offered in good faith and are believed tobe reliable. Nouryon, however, makes no warranty as to accuracy and/or sufficiency of such information and/or suggestions, as to the product’s
merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose, or that any suggested use will not infringe any patent. Nouryon does not accept any liability
whatsoever arising out of the use of or reliance on this information, or out of the use or the performance of the product. Nothing contained hereinshall be construed as granting or extending any license under any patent. Customer must determine for himself, by preliminary tests or otherwise,
the suitability of this product for his purposes. The information contained herein supersedes all previously issued information on the subject mattercovered. The customer may forward, distribute, and/or photocopy this document only if unaltered and complete, including all of its headers andfooters, and should refrain from any unauthorized use. Don’t copy this document to a website.

Perkadox and Trigonox are registered trademarks of Nouryon Functional Chemicals B.V. or affiliates in one or moreterritories.
© April 202412