
J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
!n0$
No. +*-, p. 13 2/ ,**0   *Characteristics of Soil Gas Di#usivity in a Peatland
Ippei IIYAMA** Water Quality and Solute Dynamics Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry
and Biochemistry, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences,
Kannondai -ῌ+ῌ-, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, -*/ῌ20*., Japan

TGH 0F GH CO, '9 +    -. pqIT>H   .// PgC   Gorham,+33+   !

 +,-3/ !JK NO<rF+?@)
+31* LM  De Jong and Schappert +31,

1Ns

!2 CO, OGH CO, A(;

PgC Post et al., +32, " +ῌ- 

<=> '9 -.<I;"+?@)



Pt1S Muv<(;M#$%&'"()%*+,- ./0&.12 34-!5

1!"

,/7/m7

-.=<wQx& CO, A

R$<SyV*1GHa

6#$1 7 Chapman and Thurlow, +332 %a+zS %zS 7<E-"T{

8&'9:,"T+|}<~,T !2NO'9:"(;<=>+?@)
 ABCDE*0F+,GH

UVW[+  atM

'9 <-."+1/ 01" 

!7/;2NOUVI"

GH!2'91I"3J/ CO,0~,HGH !NO D s%KLC CH. 0MNO!nX P %&X a W[1P ABCDE*M*Q4$ RYa+ Ds ?@  &XS56 /T-.7<8U1 

 Ds a Z/;[<+%(;VW9:$1 XYH+|\.<6 Millington, +3/3 ;CO, <)FZ;&'9] ^<<[ \Millington and Quirk, +30+ H Ds a ZI

 +* mg CO, ῌ m, ῌ hr_ 1`-a

" =!<.]"^"+

Chapman and Thurlow +330

Langeveld et al.

+331 % Maljanen et al. ,**+ 7<[b=> +** mg CO,ῌm,ῌhr_ 

-.

^?-.

=1 +**c/** mg CO, ῌ m, ῌ hr_ >H +,*** mg_=`<6  a+ "¡L  a_!=` Ds a ZE-¢£¤ !bR$Z¥C<¦\§ca

Moldrup et al., +333 ; Moldrup et al.,CO,ῌm ῌhr_ <@,`-)  #&dA<B,*** (a) ; Moldrup et al., ,**. de¨©a -** mg CO,ῌm,ῌhr_ @)_!=`"(;<=>+)¦

1Cea Ikkonen et al., ,**+ 3 

Moldrup et al., ,**-,fgUhDiU<(;"0M"G" !NOW[ª j 3k0M$<l1EFa«7CeaH¬ !2NOUV % '9 -.=1mn&on&/E-­f3 gh®`ai* j¯uv°±?@/²uvK³k´l?@µ¤E¶ ·-*/ῌ20*. T-¸`¹m -ῌ+ῌ :  !NOUV &X !NO .º»¼NO S $ T +*- ¼ ,**0

80       DsῌD* D*  DsῌD*  a





! "#$% &'( )*#

 !|}~ uv89TXi
CῌN  C-N lE SUMIGRAPH NC-+***

 !BCDE TXi  GC-2A
>?

, 2 (! #%&-   <RS+,( 2( DsῌD*  &!Tp



q34TXi@  (f! , mm AB!

& +,- . /01 2+** cm- kl!C& ( pq3

34 5 01 67 8#94 +,- D E pq34 +.+2 Mgῌm-:;<01=> .?@ABCDEF!,+ G @AH/!H/* ha IJ "

#LMN 01

1K,>OP .* $Q( @ 5s34

D ,.0- Mgῌm-2  F(F!9RS (,, 

RS MNT> U %F VW!X>01 & @

8FY01&Z'[(!)8 \]K1K]

G6H=FIH 2( Dane and Hopmans,K=^_`abc *K dR,**,¥¦ ,/§

M¡¢(f! F!$£¤¨©H!T&,. ª«:;ef(f 

 U  ¬­ ®¯C°±² J³!8´& 01&Z'  %F+RS +* m ,g -¢5-KF( L2(¬­ ®¯C°±²

RS+,( +,hM +,./ ,,./ -,./ .,./ /,./

MO µ 8FYNORSPQ ¶/ cm R

  DsῌD*

TXi 0,./ cm => <j-! , ./ +** cm kl

S¶+** cm

TXim0> -- cm

7-:j-! vF@TXi@ a-n1 2 +,(oῌ+ a pq34ri5s34 hM6t !
7=> oῌ+ b uv89TXi CῌN 

MOef( U ·J³F!R¸!&¹9   DsῌD*ef(fD ef& ~(!7= &+,-!Tw<:;x,- 

y!MSMNT> X <=!z-5{RS  DsῌD*

D Taylor +3.3ῌ+

/01!Tw&+,- Q=¥ a pq34 - ./ TXi5s34 , ./ b
uv89 , ./ TXi CῌN  , ./ => ¤UNºN R»D "#¥Fig. +

Soil proﬁle at the sampling point in the Bibai mire showing (a) bulk density (n-), soil particle
density (n,), (b) carbon content (n,) and C/N ratio (n,). Solid lines denote the averagevalues.

¼w : Y[\!"Currie +30*  +321     N,-air   N,  








--B Ci L81k.1V'[\ C* Ls tp* [\



!"



!

"Bi Ds AL  O, /0  air   O, !" # !
$%& OS--S-D '(")"*

G

+!"

 O, ,  - . O, m    6aRAABCD
EFyA^ :Ka-  ,.

/0 12  (3 45

Ds aῌD* 

 D s ῌ D * 6 a ,G

H

46 789:;<=>?@$AB CD

2 |mB6aR Millington-Quirk )

!EFGHIJKL "#M$N$ MQ Millington and Quirk +30+

NEO SEAL B-- %&,OPQ
O, /0





!"

++Y

 Ds ZL [\], -R



῍ῌ

ῑ῏
Ds
p ῎
D*
ῐ

+U'V6()* %WX"+-R ST

A

:

 --B P L45I m-m{- Bi MQ )$ Ds aῌD* 0J

/0 ^_- 6.`+ aR  bc

KEGXL P Bi. `+: L6i

El-Farhan et al. +330 L Ds

- de  Ds aῌD* 0GCurrie +30* ^_^de JK f/GH#0G\Rc Ds-3j+ --BL!"/12ghR6i!"], -RJK k!"45 6
l789m  nom : --B C LV'+¡¢B +` Moldrup et al. ,**. 6M£ Three-Porosity Model TPM :  TPM L N¤O[#+VIP¥[+¦+§Q R¨© D s a ῌ D * J)$Bi TPM

L noGª«¬­m6aR

 (C
(, C
a (t pDs (x, *ῑxῑLsῐ, (C pD* ( C LsῑxῑLsqLa
ῐ (t
(x,





Ds
ῌa῎X *®aῑP
pP,
῍P῏
D*

!" t Lr/s

4 x L1Vt;<

HZ*  2!"4

58uv=w D * L1V'B N,-air x--B X L¯0 S°XBi TPM
BL Xy Ls L>a p/.+ cm  La L

Ds+**p,a+**-q*.*.a+**D* >a p+*.- cm Bi ? z T B D*
cm, s{+ Bi D*, T L|m}~ ,P +31*ῌ T ῎+.01ῌp*῎
D*, TpD*, *
῍,1-.,῏ ῍ p ῏--B D*, *p*.+12 cm, s{+ ,P +31* 2nor±m : 

Moldrup et al. ,*** (a)

--B D s+** L789:;<=>?@$6
{+** cm ¬ Ds A a+** L-R

IBi mL ¤O³45I´eG++,0 .TfUµV

+[+ ·xy R,p*.31

 ` 1V p L *  B1V p*  ,*** (a) -m@+    k#LRno
CpCi *ῑxῑLs tp*
CpC* LsῑxῑLsqLa tp*

Xp


m

(C
p* xpLsqLa t*(x 1/, ¶ Moldrup et al.,¸W  |m6Xe

log,a+**-q*¹**.a+**{logP,
loga+**{logP[#

TPM 6KE

CpCi xp* t*

m

²V

de D s a ῌ D * 0JºB

XL a +** [# P Bi- 6»d³´] µ +*- ¶ r,**0s82

MQ -./$u:|9}~f6Z3"- ῍,  

Millington r+3/3s OY3 MQ -./f Taylor 

r+3.3s '$u

DsῌD*  *.. 'tyz!5

 a  !" # $|y}~ *./ 't9p!5|9}~%&'()%*+,+ TPM &'( MQ -./01[Q !" Jin and Jury r+330s &! O

21+34%56" 7

MQ -./fe

DsῌD*

a

89:;<=

a+** &> DsῌD* ?" @A

,B

-./

 CD3EFGHI 7 J

KL5MN3O 56" PQ

S!

TU5 

DsῌD*

aR*.+

Oi

cde

 hJ

!" a

:f@gB+

DsῌD*  * i jk J *+1

lm no9pq@g3 r῍, rass"
MQ -./ TPM 'tO$u:'qWv3f

῍, rcs rds res *

rfs w1+'x !

Qv3!Q<1+"TPM  hJ

W!4%3f 

YZ3YY56Z3" [ [Q \]^_`ab}~B!

" [+1+ MQ -./  ,: * VWQX$u:lDsῌD* 4%|9}~3 r῍, rass"  TPM

' Ds u Q  ῌ ' Ds+**
f Ds+**
ῌ}~:$u:|9}~ !3[Q6Z3" ] jz  $u:j!

't 1056f(a)s 6¡¢rMoldrup et al., ,***

Ds+**ῌD* u?

f *.. 'tOyz!TU5{{|y}~Ow!£¤O656¥x"

1+3" Y3 ῍, rcs &'( rfs w1+'x

r,**-s   ῌ f¦ §¨©

3Q<

Y1

Moldrupet al.

Ds+**ῌD* ῌ,ªz« 
 DsῌD*  a ¬ $%&'()%*+,+
Three-Porosity -./ rTPMs &'( Millington-Quirk -./ rMQs 'u4%¬ ­&'(®?¯J't°±3 , KL'u².HI¬

Fig. ,

Changes in the di#usivity Ds/D* with the values of the air-ﬁlled porosity a for peat soil samples
taken from di#erent depths. Solid line and dotted line represent the curves derived from theThree-Porosity Model (TPM) and the Millington-Quirk model (MQ), respectively.
andaremeasured data sets of duplicate samples taken from each soil layer.

¹º : ,-»6¼ uvwx







 


!"#$%&'(

*

%)(

+,-. / ῌ 0 1,- Ds  3

45

Ds 9:;< (%=>?*(2

 DsῌD* GH2K

 DsῌD* 92q W6(R.
:;<C(j +3'??h ) - . :;<e

2 jptO,-B+3 ef
E F Dsῌ

D* GH%I?<+3 * A,B. 6:JCD,-B.

,,./ cm lemn?CD,-.

jGHleel:~ +** cm Q+pd'? e ? M@῍, MbNN*

6(78@῍- 2 A,B CD,-B

83

L@῍, MaN 6:J@῍, McN < O<+3 *

+2

E

2 uvwx<ptO {|

%=

( *
leA,B o -,./ cm lemn?,-B %

jGHrs2+F. 2 45  *.,/ PQ+2R , .

pt+3 <ll^e_ DsῌD* STU%= 45  *.,/ :;<EV

rs%=? M@῍, MaN(W+2R , . :;<C( DsῌD* 9%=?* X

,-BYZ[ MPenman, +3.* ; Millington, +3/3 ; Currie,

MbNN (?

DsῌD* GH2d 

McNN* A,B+2 K -!d M@ ῍+@῍- 6(e+32. ; Jin and Jury, +330 ; Moldrup et al., ,*** (a) ;? %^|Moldrup et al., ,*** (b) N 6(< \.

"]. %^_£ ,-K ¤¥¦#§+3 7

a bcd

45*.. + DsῌD*  *.+/ %`e fg2; ,- DsῌD* 92h+3- kBlemn?o .,./ cm/,./ cm 6:J 0,./ cm . 2 p qOGH

rs%=?* K @ ῍, =?
DsῌD* GH<Q?

le $?
zle2O

4%eCh^(~¨©ª«¬­®=

> ?*

i^ ?*

@῍. 2 ,-. jGH+3 * C
D,-B+3,-:'¡¢dk  DsῌD* EVde-.



K L ptOrs+3'?

,- DsῌD* 9h+3'? 2 
$ke* Q_ ,-¯#¬°±§%²h ef ,-¯#¬°2"³GC( ^£uvwx´%µ(* ¶ ,-45 "e - B2 uvwxy{|}+V?* O oῌῌ-,-6:J" D s ῌD * GHI·

Fig. -

Comparison of Ds/D* curves of peat soil
samples with those of triplicate mineralsoil samples.

ῌῌ.

o&,-. jGH·'¸ BP 6:J HP 2K L
A,B
6:JCD,-B%=·Fig. .

Soil water characteristic curves of peatsoils at di#erent depths. BP and HP
stand for Black Peat and High-moor
Peat, respectively.

( @ +*- ¼ ¶,**0·84 

  !"# $%&' ("%)& *+ , %-. /012 3
4"56 -.789:;<=>""?@A

?BCD89EFG#9-.*H"#9-.
2 3&I@)0JKG#9-."M*

istry, -* : +*+-ῌ+*,+.
Currie, J.A. (+30*) : Gaseous di#usion in porous
media Part + - A non-steady state method. British
Journal of Applied Physics, ++ : -+.ῌ-+1.
Currie, J.A. (+32.) : Gas di#usion through soil crumbs :the e#ects of compaction and wetting. Journal of
Soil Science, -/ : +ῌ+*.

L1

Dane, J.H. and Hopmans, J.W. (,**,) : Water reten-

4NO %tion and storage. In : Methods of Soil Analysis :JKC PQ R6A

Part ., Physical Methods, SSSA Book Series /.    (eds J.H., Dane and G.C., Topp), pp. 02*ῌ02-. Soil

SE T "UVW)0&8YZ

Science Society of America, Inc. Madison, Wis-

X6 -.[\]^

consin, USA.
De Jong, E. and Schappert, H. J.V. (+31,) : Calculation

_; (>R`abcAof soil respiration and activity from CO, proﬁlesTin the soil. Soil Science, ++- (/) : -,2ῌ---.

0  "de f! 0gEF; -.[\]^  h]>!:"i;&c6A

El-Farhan, Y.H., Petersen, L.W., Rolston, D.E. and"jEF&c 4

Glauz, R.D. (+330) : Analytical solution for two-;  klmno# region di#usion with two well-mixed end cham-T 4oc p qr$;

A

bers. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 0* : +031ῌ+1*..

-.[\]^ ooEFs

Gorham, E. (+33+) : Northern peatlands : Role in the

%&EF"  3&NO

carbon cycle and probable responses to climatic(tu&0" v@cA

warming. Ecological Applications, + : +2,ῌ+3/.

 klm #'w T (xR6y

Ikkonen, E.N., Kurets, V.K., Grabovik, S.I. and4z){" 8YEG*4i%  |

Drozdov, S.N. (,**+) : The rate of carbon dioxide+}A -.,Pῌ789hL~

emission into the atmosphere from a southern

- >

 -.[\]^"#

Karelian mesooligotrophic bog, Russian Journal

%&



of Ecology, -, (0) : -2,ῌ-2/.

3

4-.[\]^"NO  0  Z>  .
; /0"FA

Jin, Y. and Jury, W.A. (+330) : Characterizing the dependence of gas di#usion coe$cient on soil pro-12Q3 .4 3

perties. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 0* : 00ῌ1+.

²³´µ? ¶+31*· : (^ @ 2 ¸ ,,-ῌ,-/ ¹º»

T E5Lc%NE6;&Langeveld, C.A., Segers, R., Dirks, B.O.M., van den

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