土壌の物理性

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౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ
ୈ 124 ߸ɹ 2013 ೥ 7 ݄໨ɹ࣍‫ר‬಄‫ݴ‬ߔ‫ޱ‬ɹউ

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JpGU ಛू
JpGU ಛूʮ෺࣭Ҡಈͱ‫ڥ؀‬ϦεΫධՁʯ΁ͷট଴ —஍‫ٿ‬Պֶ΁ͷ౔৕෺ཧͷߩ‫—ݙ‬৿ɹ໵ੇࢤ · ࡈ౻޿ོ...

3

ҟͳΔਫ෼৚݅Λ༗͢Δ࠭ͷ೤ಛੑɿཻࢠͷཻ‫ܗ · ܘ‬ঢ়ɼ͓Αͼੴӳ‫ؚ‬༗཰ͷӨ‫ڹ‬‫ · ٱ߶ాࢤי‬ᖛຊণҰ࿠ · ઒ຊɹ݈ · ࡗɹརത · খদొࢤࢠ

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ଟप೾਺ి࣓୳ࠪ๏ʹΑΔ৿ྛͷ؅ཧ͕౔৕‫ʹڥ؀‬༩͑ΔӨ‫ڹ‬ධՁ‫ٶ‬ຊचະ · ઒‫৿ · ͔Ͳ·ݪ‬ɹ໵ੇࢤ · फଜ޿ত · Ҫख३Ұ࿠ ·ߴ‫ڮ‬ֆཬಸ · ถɹ߁ޫ · ຤‫ܧ‬ɹ३খ‫ܕ‬νϡʔϒຒઃ‫౔ܕ‬৕ΨεϞχλϦϯάγεςϜΛ༻͍ͨ೶஍౔৕த
CO2 Ψεೱ౓มಈͷ‫ݕ‬౼Ճ౻ઍਘ · Ҫຊതඒ · ੢ଜɹ୓ · ‫⃻ٶ‬ɹ‫ؽ‬࿦ɹจ஍ද໘ۙ๣Ͱͷ஍த೤ྲྀྔͷଌఆʹ͓͚ΔԹ౓ޯ഑๏ͱ೤ྲྀ൘๏ͷൺֱ͓Αͼஷ೤ͷӨ‫ڹ‬ླ໦৳࣏ · ൧௩‫౉ · ࢠܓ‬ᬒจ༤ · ౡా୔඙ · ߴ‫ڮ‬ɹ‫ޛ‬‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτਫ෼‫ٵ‬୤ணଌఆ૷ஔʠAquaLab VSAʡΛ༻͍ͨ௿ਫ෼ྖҬͷ౔ͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢͷଌఆ౉ล৾ੜ · ௕ా༑ཬ‫ࡔ · ܙ‬Ҫɹউ · औग़৳෉

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ಙຊՈ߁

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ձ຿ใࠂɹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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ฤू‫هޙ‬ɹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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౔ཻࢠ
2 ͭ໨ͷത࢜߸Λऔಘͯ͠දࢴࣸਅͷઆ໌
খ‫౔ܕ‬৕ຒઃ‫ܕ‬ΨεϞχλϦϯάγεςϜɽΨεಁաੑथࢷͷ೑ްΛ 0.5 mm ͱബ͘͠ɼ·ͨɼϓϥενο
ΫϝογϡύΠϓͱεςϯϨε੡໢ԁ౵Λਊͱͯ͠༻͍Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯ CO2 ηϯαͷԠ౴ੑΛ޲্ͤ͞ɼ
͔ͭຒઃ࣌ͷ౔ඃΓѹʹ଱͑Δ‫౓ڧ‬Λ֬อͨ͠ɽࠓ߸‫ࡌܝ‬ͷ࿦จʮখ‫ܕ‬νϡʔϒຒઃ‫౔ܕ‬৕ΨεϞχλϦϯ
άγεςϜΛ༻͍ͨ೶஍౔৕த CO2 Ψεೱ౓มಈͷ‫ݕ‬౼ʯΛ͝ࢀর͍ͩ͘͞.

ୈ 11 ճʢ 2013 ೥౓ʣɹ౔৕෺ཧֶձ৆ީิͷਪનʢެืʣʹ͍ͭͯ౔৕෺ཧֶձͰ͸ɼԼ‫ه‬ͷཁྖͰֶձ৆ީิʢਪનʣΛެื͍ͨ͠·͢ɽֶձ৆छྨɿ࿦จ৆
ʢୈ 121ɼ122ɼ123 ߸ʣʹ‫͞ࡌܝ‬Εͨର ৅ ࿦ จɿ2012ʢฏ੒ 24ʣ೥౓ʹʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯ࿦จʢoriginal paperʣਪ ન ‫ݶ ظ‬ɿ2013ʢฏ੒ 25ʣ೥ 8 ݄ 30 ೔ʢ༵ۚʣɼফҹ༗ޮਪનॻ༷ࣜɿਪનॻʹඞཁࣄ߲Λ͝‫ه‬ೖ͍͖ͨͩɼԼ‫ࣄه‬຿‫ૹ͓Ͱ·ہ‬ΓԼ͍͞ɽਪનॻ͸ɼֶձϗʔϜϖʔδɹ http://js-soilphysics.com/prz ɹԼ෦ͷ“࿦จ৆ਪનॻ”Λμ΢ϯϩʔυͯ͠͝‫ه‬ೖ‫͢·͍ئ‬ɽදɹɹɹজɿ2013ʢฏ੒ 25ʣ೥ 10 ݄ 26 ೔ʢ౔ʣɹ 2013 ೥౓େձʹͯ

2013 ೥౓౔৕෺ཧֶձେձͷ͝Ҋ಺γϯϙδ΢Ϝ͓Αͼϙελʔηογϣϯ
೔ɹ࣌ɿ2013 ೥ 10 ݄ 26 ೔ʢ౔ʣ 9:10∼17:00
৔ɹॴɿ෱ౡେֶΩϟϯύεʢ෱ౡ‫ݝ‬෱ౡࢢۚ୩઒ 1ʣʢhttp://www.fukushima-u.ac.jp/new/18-koutu/ʣM ౩ 1 ֊ M-2 ‫ࣨڭ‬ʢhttp://www.fukushima-u.ac.jp/guidance/campusmap/index.htmlʣ
ࢀՃྉɿ3000 ԁʢߨԋཁࢫू୅ɼͨͩ͠ɼֶੜձһ͸ແྉͷ༧ఆʣΤΫεΧʔγϣϯ

10 ݄ 27 ೔ʢ೔ʣ 9:00 ෱ౡӺલग़ൃɼ൧‫ؘ‬ଜपลͷআછࣄ‫ۀ‬౳ͷࢹ࡯ɼ16:00 ෱ౡӺ‫ؼ‬ண
9 ্݄०·Ͱʹֶձ HP ʹ‫͢·͠ࡌܝ‬ɽඅ༻ɼਃࠐΈɼక੾ɼ౰೔εέδϡʔϧ౳ৄࡉ͸ɼ::::෱ౡۭߓߦ͖ͷόε͸ɼ6 ݄ 30 ೔‫ࡏݱ‬Լ‫ه‬ͷ௨ΓͰ͢ɽ෱ౡ → ҏ୮ศ 19:05 ൃ ʢ෱ౡӺ 16:54 ൃͷϦϜδϯʣ෱ౡ → ࡳຈศ 18:20 ൃ ʢ෱ౡӺ 16:23 ൃͷϦϜδϯʣ1ɽୈ 55 ճγϯϙδ΢Ϝ ςʔϚɿ ์ࣹੑ෺࣭໰୊ —౔৕෺ཧʹ‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕΔ͜ͱ—2011 ೥ 3 ݄ 11 ೔ʹ౦๺஍ํଠฏ༸ԭͰൃੜͨ͠஍਒͸ະી༗ͷେࡂ֐ͱͳͬͨɽͦͷࡍʹൃੜͨ͠ి‫ݯ‬૕ࣦʹΑΔ౦‫ྗిژ‬෱ౡୈҰ‫ॴిൃྗࢠݪ‬ͷࣄ‫ނ‬͸ɼपғʹ޿ൣғʹ์ࣹੑ෺࣭Λࢃ͖ࢄΒͨ͠ɽͦͷ݁Ռɼ౦๺஍ํͷ౔৕தʹ͸͔ͭͯ‫ͱͨ͜͠ݧܦ‬ͷͳ͍େྔͷԘ෼΍์ࣹੑηγ΢Ϝ͕஝ੵ͞Εͨঢ়ଶʹ͋Δɽ෱ౡͷ೶஍͔Β์ࣹੑηγ΢ϜΛ͍͔ʹͯ͠আ‫͢ڈ‬Δ͔ʁ 2013 ೥͸ֶձγϯϙδ΢ϜΛ෱ౡࢢͰ։࠵͠ɼ೶Ո΍ٕज़ऀͳͲͷؔ܎ऀ͔Β‫ݱ‬৔ͷ๊͍͑ͯΔ໰୊Λ౔৕෺ཧֶձһ͕௚઀ฉ͘‫ػ‬ձΛઃ͚͍ͨɽ౔৕෺ཧઐ໳Ոͱͯ͠Ͱ͖Δ͜ͱͱɼͰ͖ͳ͍͜ͱɼ
‫ݱ‬৔ͷํͱ‫͖Ͱྗڠ‬Δ͜ͱ౳Λ૬‫ʹޓ‬ཧղ͠ɼࠓ‫ޙ‬ͷ౔৕෺ཧͷ์ࣹੑ෺࣭‫ڀݚ‬ઓུɼ͞Βʹ͸์ࣹੑ෺࣭໰୊ͷվળ · ղܾͷώϯτʹ‫͍ͨ͛ܨ‬ɽ

1ʣ γϯϙδ΢Ϝʮ์ࣹੑ෺࣭໰୊—౔৕෺ཧʹ‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕΔ͜ͱ—ʯ։࠵ͷझࢫ౦‫ژ‬େֶେֶӃ೶ֶੜ໋Պֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պɹɹɹɹɹߔ‫ޱ‬ɹউʢֶձ௕ʣ

2ʣ ೶஍ʹ͓͚Δ์ࣹੑ෺࣭Ԛછͷ‫ݱ‬ঢ়೶‫ٕڥ؀ۀ‬ज़‫ڀݚॴڀݚ‬ίʔσΟωʔλʔɹɹ୩ࢁҰ࿠

3ʣ ์ࣹੑηγ΢Ϝ͸ͳͥ౔৕ʹͱͲ·Δͷ͔ʢԾ୊ʣ
೶‫ٕڥ؀ۀ‬ज़‫౔ॴڀݚ‬৕‫ڥ؀‬෦ɹɹɹɹɹɹɹࢁ‫ࢠلޱ‬4ʣ ์ࣹੑ෺࣭Ԛછ೶஍ͷޮ཰తͳද౔ണ͗औΓ޻๏ͷ։ൃ೶‫ۀ‬೶ଜ޻ֶ‫ॴڀݚ‬೶஍‫ج‬൫޻ֶ‫ྖڀݚ‬Ҭɹɹएਿߊհɼ‫ޱݪ‬ெ࿕5) ৿ྛʹ͓͚Δ์ࣹੑηγ΢Ϝͷಈଶ৿ྛ૯߹‫ཱॴڀݚ‬஍‫ྖڀݚڥ؀‬Ҭɹɹɹɹɹɹখྛ੓޿

6) ίϩΠυੑ෺࣭ͷҠಈʹ൐͏ Cs ͷҠಈʢԾ୊ʣ
౦‫ژ‬େֶେֶӃ೶ֶੜ໋Պֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պɹɹɹɹɹ੢ଜɹ୓

7) ૯߹౼࿦ ʮ౔৕෺ཧͷ์ࣹੑ෺࣭‫ڀݚ‬ઓུʹ޲͚ͯʯ2ɽ ϙελʔ · ηογϣϯ ʢ෱ౡେֶΩϟϯύε S ౩̍֊ S-14 ‫ࣨڭ‬ʣʮ౔৕෺ཧ‫ڀݚ‬ͷ࠷લઢʯͱʮ์ࣹੑ෺࣭ͱ౔৕෺ཧʯͷηογϣϯΛઃ͚·͢ɽൃදऀ͸ֶձһͰ͋Δ΋ͷͱ͠·͢ɽ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
ൃදཁࢫʢA4ɼ2 ϖʔδʢ‫ؚ‬Ή 200 ࣈఔ౓ͷ‫঺ڀݚ‬հʣʣͷ౤ߘ͸ɼֶձϗʔϜϖʔδʢhttp://js-

soilphysics.com/ ʣ ͔ΒͷΞοϓϩʔυʹͳΔ༧ఆͰ͢ɽ9 ݄ 1 ೔ड෇։࢝ɺ9 ݄ 30 ೔క੾༧ఆͰ
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͢ɽ ϙελʔମࡋͷৄࡉ౳Λ‫ؚ‬Ίͯཁ߲ΛϗʔϜϖʔδʹ‫͢·͠ࡌܝ‬ͷͰͦͪΒΛࢀর͍ͩ͘͞ɽ

3ɽ ৘ใަ‫׵‬ձʢ17:30∼ ԙ෱ౡେֶੜ‫ڠ‬ɼ4000 ԁʣ
4ɽ ֶձɼΤΫεΧʔγϣϯɼ৘ใަ‫׵‬ձɼன৯ห౰ͷਃ͠ࠐΈɼϓϩάϥϜ౳͸ɼ8:::::::::::::
݄Լ०·ͰʹৄࡉΛֶձϗʔϜϖʔδʢhttp://js-soilphysics.com/confʣʹ‫͢·͠ࡌܝ‬ɽ5ɽ ͦͷଞ
10 ݄ 25 ೔ (ۚ) ‫ʹޙޕ‬ɼ෱ౡӺલίϥοη;͘͠· 5 ֊খ‫ݚ‬मࣨԙɼ೶‫ۀ‬೶ଜ޻ֶձ౔৕෺ཧ෦
ձΛ։࠵͢Δ༧ఆͰ͢ɽ

10 ݄Լ०͸ߚ༿౳ߦָγʔζϯͷͨΊɼ෱ౡӺपลͷ॓ധࢪઃ͕ࠞΈ߹͏৔߹͕͋Γ·͢ɽ॓ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ૣΊͷ༧໿Λ͓‫ק‬Ί͠·͢ɽ:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
౔৕෺ཧֶձ͸ɼࠓճͷࡂ֐ͷճ෮ɾ஍Ҭͷ࠶‫ڵ‬ͷҰॿʹ͢΂͘ɼฏ੒ 26 ೥ 3 ݄ʹຊγϯϙδ΢
Ϝؔ࿈ͷಛू߸Λൃߦ͢Δ༧ఆͰ͢ɽେձʹࢀՃͨ͠օ༷ͷੵ‫ۃ‬తͳ౤ߘΛ‫͢·ܴ͠׻‬ɽ໰͍߹Θͤઌ
౔৕෺ཧֶձࣄ຿‫ ہ‬੢ଜ ୓ ʢେձ୲౰‫ࣄװ‬ʣ˟113-8657 ౦‫౎ژ‬จ‫۠ژ‬໻ੜ 1-1-1౦‫ژ‬େֶେֶӃ೶ֶੜ໋Պֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պ‫ڥ؀‬஍ਫֶ‫ࣨڀݚ‬ి࿩ 03-5841-5351 FAX 03-5841-8171

E-mail: spsecre@ml.affrc.go.jp౔৕෺ཧֶձͷϗʔϜϖʔδ͕৽͘͠ͳΓ·ͨ͠ʂ

http://js-soilphysics.com/

࠷৽৘ใΛ NEWS ͔Βೖख͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɽ·ͨɼʮ࿦จμ΢ϯϩʔυʯ΍ʮϑΥʔϥϜʯͳͲɼΠϯλʔωοτΛར༻༷ͨ͠ʑͳ৽αʔϏεΛ‫ݕ‬౼தͰ͢ɽ͜͏ͨ͠αʔϏεΛར༻͢ΔͨΊʹɺֶձһͷօ༷ʹ͓͔Ε·ͯ͠͸ֶձࢽ͕ૹ෇͞ΕΔࡍͷѼ໊ͷԼʹҹ࡮͞Εͨʮձһ൪߸ʯΛେ੾ʹอ؅͍ͯͩ͘͠͞·͢Α͏͓‫͍ئ‬க͠·͢ɽʮ‫ݹ‬యΛಡΉʯʹ͍ͭͯ޷ධΛ௖͍͍ͯΔʮ‫ݹ‬యΛಡΉʯ͸ɼ·ͩऔΓ্͛Δ΂͖࿦จ͸ଟ͋͘Γ·͕͢ɼࣥචΛ͓‫͍ئ‬
Ͱ͖Δํ͕‫͍͘ʹ͚ͭݟ‬ঢ়‫͢Ͱگ‬ɽ͔͠͠ɼ౔৕෺ཧ‫ڀݚ‬ͷ࣭ΛߴΊΔͨΊʹ΋ɼա‫ڈ‬ͷ‫ڀݚ‬Λ࠶ධՁ͠ɼվΊͯٞ࿦͢Δ͜ͱ͸ॏཁͱߟ͑·͢ɽͦ͜Ͱɼ
ʮ‫ݹ‬యʯͷղऍΛ޿͛ɼʮࣗ෼ͷ‫ʹڀݚ‬΋ͬͱ΋Ө‫ڹ‬Λ༩͑ͨ࿦จʯ΋‫ؚ‬Ί͍ͨͱࢥ͍·͢ɽ‫ڀݚ‬ͷൃలʹ͓͍ͯେ੾ͳ໾ׂΛՌͨͨ͠࿦จͰ͋Ε͹ɼൺֱత࠷ۙͷ࿦จͰ΋ߏ͍·ͤΜɽΑΖ͓͘͠‫͢·͍͠ئ‬ɽฤूҕһ௕ɹऔग़৳෉

ʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯӾಡऀࢯ໊ͷެදͱ͝‫΁ྗڠ‬ͷ͓ྱ౔৕෺ཧֶձฤूҕһձֶձࢽʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯ͸ɼ1959 ೥ʢত࿨ 34 ೥ʣͷ૑‫ץ‬Ҏདྷɼࠓ߸Ͱ 124 ߸Λܴ͑·͢ɽʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯͷฤू · ൃߦʹࡍͯ͠͸ɼͱΓΘ͚Ӿಡऀͷํʹଟେͳ͝‫ྗڠ‬Λ௖͍͍ͯ·͢ɽ౔৕෺ཧֶձฤूҕһձͰ͸ɼӾಡऀ΁ͷँҙΛද͢΂͘ɼ͜͜ʹ 2011∼2012 ೥౓ʢฏ੒ 23∼24೥౓ʣʹӾಡΛ͓Ҿ͖ड͚௖͍ͨํͷࢯ໊Λެදʢ‫ेޒ‬Իॱ · ‫ܟ‬শུʣக͠·͢ɽࠓ‫ͱޙ‬΋ɼฤू‫ۀ‬຿΁ͷ͝ࢧԉɼ͝‫ྗڠ‬ΛࣀΓ·͢Α͏ɼ͓‫͍ئ‬ਃ্͛͠·͢ɽ҄ੜా஧༤੺Ӌɹ‫ࢠز‬

҆தɹ෢޾

൧ࢁɹҰฏ

‫ాؠ‬ɹ޾ྑ

‫ؒؠ‬ɹ‫࣏ݑ‬ߐ‫ޱ‬ɹఆ෉

Ԟଜɹਖ਼හখ‫ݪ‬ɹɹ༸

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ॾઘɹར࢚

༄Ҫɹ༸հ

ࢁ࡚ɹ༟थ

ࢁࠜɹɹ߶

ࢁຊɹ஧உ

‫͑ͣ͜࡟ٷ‬ԣᖛɹॆ޺஫ʣ ౤ߘ‫ͱߘݪ‬ґཔ‫ߘݪ‬ʮಛूʯΛର৅ͱ͢Δɽୠ͠ɼʮ౔ཻࢠʯʮॻධʯ͓Αͼγϯϙδ΢Ϝ
ɹɹ૯߹౼࿦ͷ঺հ‫ߘݪ‬͸আ͘ɽ

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

No. 124, p.1 ∼ 2 (2013)਒ࡂ෮‫ڵ‬ͷ౔৕෺ཧֶ
ߔ‫ޱ‬ɹউ 12011 ೥ 3 ݄ 11 ೔ʹ౦๺஍ํଠฏ༸ԭͰൃੜͨ͠஍਒͸ະી༗ͷେࡂ֐ͱͳͬͨɽ௡೾ʹΑΓଟ͘ͷํ໋͕Λࣦ͍ɼଟ͘ͷ೶஍͕ւਫʹਁ͔ͬͨɽ·ͨɼి‫ݯ‬૕ࣦʹΑΔ౦‫ྗిژ‬෱ౡୈҰ‫ॴిൃྗࢠݪ‬ͷࣄ‫ނ‬͸޿ൣғʹ์ࣹੑ෺࣭Λࢃ͖ࢄΒ͔ͨ͠ɽͦͷ݁Ռɼ౦๺஍ํͷ౔৕தʹ͸͔ͭͯ‫ͱͨ͜͠ݧܦ‬ͷͳ͍େྔͷԘ෼΍์ࣹੑηγ΢Ϝ͕஝ੵ͞Εͨঢ়ଶʹ͋Δɽ͞Βʹ͸ɼࣄ‫ނ‬Λ‫Ͱൃݪͨ͜͠ى‬͸‫ࢠݪ‬࿍ͷ॥‫ྫྷ؀‬٫ਫ͕஍தʹ࿙Εग़͠ɼͦͷରԠ͕‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕ͍ͯΔɽ͜ͷঢ়‫͔گ‬Β͍͔ʹͯ͠୤٫͢Δͷ͔ɽੈքதͷਓʑ͕೔ຊͷ໰୊ղܾࡦʹ஫໨͍ͯ͠Δɽ
౔৕෺ཧֶ͸ɼ஍‫཮ٿ‬஍ͷද໘ۙ͘ʹ͋Δ౔৕ʹ͓͚ΔɼਫɼΤωϧΪʔɼ෺࣭ͷҠಈ · ม‫ · ׵‬ஷཹɼ͓Αͼେ‫ؾ‬ɼ஍Լਫͱͷަ‫ݱ׵‬৅ʹ͍ͭͯɼओͱͯ͠෺ཧֶతͳख๏Ͱɼ࣌ʹ͸෺ཧԽֶతͳख๏Ͱɼͦͯ࣌͠ʹ͸౔৕ʹੜଉ͢
Δ২෺ɼඍੜ෺ɼಈ෺ͷ‫׆‬ಈͱͷؔ܎Λ‫ؚ‬Ίͯ‫͢ڀݚ‬Δֶ໰Ͱ͋Δɽࠓճͷ਒ࡂͰ౔৕ʹ‫ݱͨͬ͜ى‬৅Λ౔৕෺ཧֶతʹ‫ݟ‬Ε͹ɼւਫʹਁ͔ͬͨ౔৕ʹ͸φτϦ΢Ϝ͕ɼ์ࣹੑ෺࣭͕
͖߱ͬͯͨ౔৕ʹ͸ηγ΢Ϝ͕ఴՃ͞Εͨʹա͗ͳ͍ɽ྆ํͱ΋ਫʹ༹͚ͨ৔߹ʹ͸ҰՁͷཅΠΦϯͰ͋Δɽ͔͠
͠ɼ౔৕Λߏ੒͢Δ೪౔ཻࢠͱͷ‫ٵ‬ணಛੑ͕େ͖͘ҟͳΔɽφτϦ΢Ϝ͸ਫ࿨ঢ়ଶͰ΍ΜΘΓͱ೪౔ཻࢠʹ‫ٵ‬ண͍ͯ͠ΔͷͰਫͰ؆୯ʹચ͍ྲྀ͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ͕ɼηγ΢Ϝ͸೪౔ද໘ʹۭ͍͍ͯΔʠམͱ͠޸ʠʹ͔ͬ͠Γͱర·ΓࠐΜͰ͠·͍ͬͯΔͷͰ༰қʹ͸আ‫͍ͳ͖Ͱڈ‬ɽ͜ͷҧ͍͸౔৕෺ཧֶΛֶΜͩऀʹ͸΄ͱΜͲৗࣝͰ͋Δɽ
͔͠͠ͳ͕Βɼࠓճͷ౦೔ຊେ਒ࡂʹΑΔ౔৕Ԛછͷ໰୊ͱ౔৕म෮ͷղܾࡦʹؔͯ͠͸ɼෆࢥٞͳ͘Β͍ʹ౔৕෺ཧֶձͷଘࡏ‫͕ײ‬ബ͔ͬͨɽϚείϛʹొ৔͢Δղઆऀ͸ܾ·ͬͯ‫ֶ޻ྗࢠݪ‬΍෺ཧֶͷؔ܎ऀͩͬͨɽ౔৕෺ཧ
ֶͱ͍͏෼໺͕͋ΔͷʹɼͰ͋ΔɽͦΕ͚ͩϚείϛΛ‫ؚ‬ΊͨҰൠͷਓʹ͸ʮ౔৕෺ཧֶʯͷଘࡏ͸஌ΒΕ͍ͯͳ͔ͬͨͱ͍͏͜ͱͰ͋Ζ͏ɽ਒ࡂͰർฐͨ͠౔৕ͷ໰୊Λ౔৕෺ཧֶͷ஌‫ݟ‬Λ༻͍ͯɼҰࠁ΋ૣ͘ղܾࡦΛ‫ݟ‬ग़͍ͨ͠ɽͦΕ͕ࠓ‫ظ‬ʢ2013 ೥౓ͱ 2014 ೥౓ʣɼࢲ͕ձ௕ΛҾ͖ड͚ͨҰ൪ͷཧ༝Ͱ͋Δɽ
͔͠͠ɼ͜ͷ೉໰ʹҰਓͷྗͰཱͪ޲͔͏ͷ͸ࠔ೉Ͱ͋Δɽͦ͜Ͱɼࠓ‫ظ‬͸‫ࣄͳྗڧ‬຿‫ہ‬ϝϯόʔͱධٞһΛଗ͑ɼձ௕ͱͯ͠ҎԼͷ߲໨Λॏ఺໨ඪʹఆΊֶͯձ‫׆‬ಈΛల։͍ͨ͠ͱࢥ͍ͬͯΔɽ
̍ɽ౔৕෺ཧֶձΛඃࡂ஍पลͰ։࠵͢Δɽ෱ౡͷ೶஍͔Β์ࣹੑηγ΢ϜΛ͍͔ʹͯ͠আ‫͢ڈ‬Δ͔ʁຖ೥ळʹֶձࣄ຿‫ہ‬ͷॴࡏ஍Ͱ։࠵͍ͯ͠ΔֶձΛ 2013೥͸෱ౡࢢͰ։࠵͠ɼ೶Ո΍ٕज़ऀͳͲͷؔ܎ऀ͔Β‫ݱ‬৔ͷ๊͍͑ͯΔ໰୊Λ౔৕෺ཧֶձһ͕௚઀ฉ͘‫ػ‬ձΛઃ͚͍ͨɽ౔৕෺ཧઐ໳Ոͱͯ͠Ͱ͖Δ͜ͱͱɼͰ͖ͳ͍͜ͱɼ‫ݱ‬৔ͷํͱ‫͖Ͱྗڠ‬Δ͜ͱ౳Λ૬‫ʹޓ‬ཧղ͠ɼ໰୊ղ
ܾͷώϯτʹ‫͍ͨ͛ܨ‬ɽ೶஍ʹ͓͚Δ์ࣹੑ෺࣭ͷ໰୊͸ɼ೔ຊͷ౔৕෺ཧֶ͕͜Ε͔Β൒ੈ‫ل‬Ҏ্ʹΘͨͬͯ෇͖߹͏͜ͱʹͳΔॏཁ՝୊Ͱ͋ΔɻͦͷҙຯͰ΋ֶձͷΞ΢τϦʔν‫׆‬ಈͷҰͭͱͯ͠ਅ‫ʹ݋‬औΓ૊ΜͰ͍͖͍ͨɽ
͍ͭͰͳ͕Βɼ೔ຊͷ౔৕෺ཧֶձһͷ༗ࢤ͸ 2013 ೥ 11 ݄ʹ։࠵͞ΕΔΞϝϦΧͷ౔৕Պֶձͷಛผηογϣϯ:Battles of Soil Scientists in Fukushima, Japan Λ༧ఆ͓ͯ͠Γɼ೔ຊͷ౔৕෺ཧֶձһ͕ඞࢮʹ‫ݱ‬৔ͷ໰୊ʹऔΓ૊ΜͰ͍Δ͜ͱΛ఻͍͑ͨͱߟ͍͑ͯΔɽ
̎ɽ౔৕෺ཧֶձͷ৘ใൃ৴ྗΛ‫ڧ‬Խ͢Δɽ
೔ຊͷ౔৕෺ཧֶձ͸ɼ౔৕ංྉֶձɼ೶‫౔ۀ‬໦ֶձʢ‫ݱ‬೶‫ۀ‬೶ଜ޻ֶձʣͷ‫ऀڀݚ‬Λத৺ʹɼ1958 ೥ʹ౔৕෺ཧ‫ڀݚ‬ձͱͯ͠ൃ଍ͨ͠ɽͦͷ੒Ռ͸ʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯͱ͍͏ઐ໳ࢽʹ·ͱΊΒΕ͖ͯͨɽઐ໳ࢽʹ࠷৽ͷ‫ڀݚ‬Λ‫ࡌܝ‬
͢Δ͜ͱ͸ֶձͷॏཁͳ೚຿Ͱ͋ΔɽҰํɼ࠷ۙ͸Πϯλʔωοτ΍ιʔγϟϧωοτϫʔΫͳͲͷ৽͍͠πʔϧΛར༻͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯ୭΋͕ਝ଎ʹ৘ใൃ৴Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳ͖ͬͯͨɽ͓ͦΒ͘ɼ͜ͷྲྀΕ͸ࢭ·Δ͜ͱ͸ͳ͔Ζ͏ɽͦ͜ͰɼຊֶձͰ͸ɼ͜͏ͨ͠৘ใπʔϧΛੵ‫ۃ‬తʹ‫͕ͳ͠༻׆‬Βɼ౔৕෺ཧʹؔ͢Δ৘ใΛਖ਼͘͠ਫ਼ࠪ͠ɼձһ͔Βͷਖ਼͍͠৘ใΛֶձһؒͱࣾձʹൃ৴͍ͨ͠ɽಛʹɼएֶ͍ੜ΍‫͕ࣗऀڀݚ‬༝ʹ‫׆‬༂Ͱ͖Δ৔Λ੔උ͍ͨ͠ɽ۩ମ
తʹ͸ɼϗʔϜϖʔδͷσβΠϯҰ৽ɼա‫ڈ‬ͷ‫ڀݚ‬ͷ‫ػࡧݕ‬ೳͷॆ࣮ɼfacebook ౳ͷ SNS ͷ‫༻׆‬ɼ౳ΛਤΓ͍ͨɽ

1 ౦‫ژ‬େֶɹେֶӃ೶ֶੜ໋Պֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 124 ߸ɹ (2013)2̏ɽ౔৕෺ཧֶʠࡍʡΛҙࣝ͢Δɽ

TPP ʹࢀՃ͢Δ͜ͱΛද໌ͨ͠೔ຊʹ͓͚Δ৽͍͠೶‫ۀ‬ͷల։ɼ‫ީؾ‬มಈͷ؇࿨ · ద༻ࡦ΁ͷߩ‫ݙ‬ɼͳͲ౔৕෺ཧ
ֶ΁ͷ‫ظ‬଴͕ߴ·͖͍ͬͯͯΔɽͨͱ͑͹ɼߴ඼࣭ͳ೶࡞෺ੜ࢈ͷͨΊʹ͸ద੾ͳ౔৕؅ཧ͕͔ܽͤͳ͍ɽ࠷৽ͷΤϨΫτϩχΫεٕज़ΛऔΓࠐΜͩ౔৕ηϯαʔͷ։ൃ͸ɼ౔৕෺ཧֶͷಘҙͱ͢ΔςʔϚͷҰͭͰ͋Δɽ·ͨɼӴ੕ϦϞʔτηϯγϯάʹΑΔ޿Ҭ౔৕ਫ෼‫؍‬ଌͷਫ਼౓Λ޲্ͤ͞ΔͨΊʹ͸ɼ౔৕෺ཧֶͷ‫ݹ‬యతͳ໰୊Ͱ͋Δۭؒมಈੑͷ໰୊Λ஍‫ٿ‬஍ཧ౷‫ܭ‬ͷख๏Ͱॲཧ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Ζ͏ɽ౦ೆΞδΞͷࠃʑͰී‫͋ͭͭ͠ٴ‬Δ SRI ೶๏ʹ͓͍ͯ΋ɼؒஅᕲᕱͷλΠϛϯάΛܾΊΔͨΊʹ͸౔৕ਫ෼ηϯγϯά͸ॏཁͳςʔϚͱͳΔɽ࡞෺ֶɼ೶‫ػۀ‬ցֶɼ೶‫ۀ‬৘ใֶͳͲͷ೶ֶ෼໺ʹͱͲ·Βͣɼਫจֶɼ஍ཧֶɼ‫ؾ‬৅ֶʝͳͲɼ౔৕෺ཧֶͷपล෼໺͕౔৕෺ཧֶͷ஌ࣝΛ‫ٻ‬Ί͍ͯΔɽ͜͜Ͱ͸ɼ̏ͭͷॏ఺߲໨Λ‫ͯ͛ڍ‬Έͨɽ͔͠͠ɼैདྷͷ೔ຊ‫౔ܕ‬৕෺ཧֶΛ൱ఆ͢Δ΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͍ɽ55 ೥ͱ͍͏ྺ࢙ͷ͋Δ౔৕෺ཧֶձ͕ѻ͖ͬͯͨςʔϚ͸΋ͪΖΜେ੾ʹ‫ܧ‬ଓ͍ͯͭ͘͠΋ΓͰ͋Δɽͱ΋͔͘ɼձһॾࢯ΍౔৕෺ཧֶʹؔ৺Λ࣋ͭօ༷ͱ‫ʹڞ‬ɼ͞Βʹ౔৕෺ཧֶձ͕Ұ‫ࣾͯͬͳͱؙ‬ձʹߩ‫͖Ͱݙ‬ΔΑ͏ࠓ‫ظ‬ͷ‫׆‬ಈΛϦʔυ͍͖͍ͯͨ͠ɽ

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

No. 124, p.3 ∼ 9 (2013)

JpGU ಛूʮ෺࣭Ҡಈͱ‫ڥ؀‬ϦεΫධՁʯ΁ͷট଴— ஍‫ٿ‬Պֶ΁ͷ౔৕෺ཧͷߩ‫— ݙ‬৿ɹ໵ੇࢤ 1 · ࡈ౻޿ོ 2

1. ͸͡Ίʹ

͔ͳΓ੝େͳձͱͳͬͨɽ
͜ͷΑ͏ͳ‫Ͱܗ‬ɼ೶ֶɼ޻ֶɼཧֶͱ͍͏ҟͳΔ෼໺

౔৕෺ཧֶձʹू͏ࢲͨͪ‫ٕ · ऀڀݚ‬ज़ऀୡ͸ʮ౔ʯʹ਎Λஔ͖ͳ͕Βɼ౔৕ʹ୅ද͞ΕΔʮଟ޸࣭ମ಺ͷ෺ΛΩʔϫʔυʹ‫׆‬ಈ͢Δ؇΍͔ͳू߹ମ͕ͩɼۙ೥ͷά࣭Ҡಈʯͱ͍͏ΩʔϫʔυΛ‫ʹݩ‬೥ʹҰճͷֶज़ަྲྀΛϩʔόϧԽʹ͋Θͤͯɼֶज़ʹ͍ͭͯ΋άϩʔόϧԽ͕ଓ͚͍ͯΔɽ͔͠͠ɼ͜Ε·Ͱ໨ʹ‫͜Ͱܗͨ͑ݟ‬ͷֶज़ਐΈͭͭ͋Δɽྡࠃ͔Βඈདྷ͢Δԫ࠭΍ͦΕʹ෇ண͢Δ

ަྲྀͷ੒Ռ͕͋Δͱ͸͍͑ͳ͍ɽҰํͰɼ౔৕෺ཧֶձ

Խֶ෺࣭ͷಈଶͷղ໌ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼීஈ͔Β೪౔ · γϧͰ͸൒ੈ‫ل‬Ҏ্ʹΘͨΔ౔৕෺ཧֶʹؔ͢Δ‫ڀݚ‬ͷ஝ੵτͳͲͷ‫ٵ‬ணಛੑΛ‫͢ڀݚ‬Δࢲͨͪʹ͸Կ͔ߩ‫͖ͦͰݙ‬͕͋Γɼࠓ‫ޙ‬஍‫ٿ‬Պֶ౳ͷҟ෼໺ͱͷֶज़ަྲྀΛਤͬͯ͏ͳ‫͕͢ؾ‬ΔɽӴ੕ʹΑΔશ‫؍ٿ‬ଌʹΑͬͯಘΒΕΔ཮

͍͘தͰɼ͜Ε·Ͱͷ‫ڀݚ‬੒Ռ͕ద੾ʹ൓ө͞Ε͍ͯ͘Ҭ͔ΒͷೋࢎԽ୸ૉ์ग़ͷσʔλ΋஍্Ͱͷ஍ಓͳ‫ূݕ‬͜ͱ͕ɼ౔৕෺ཧֶ෼໺͕ࠓ‫ൃʹߋޙ‬ల͍ͯͨ͘͠Ίʹ͕͔ܽͤͳ͍ɽ౦೔ຊେ਒ࡂͱͦΕʹଓ͘௡೾ʹΑΔ೶

͸ෆՄܽͰ͋ΔɽͦͷͨΊʹ͸ɼେձͰൃද͞Εͨ‫ڀݚ‬஍ͷ‫ף‬ਫɼ์ࣹੑ෺࣭ʹΑΔ౔৕ͷԚછͱͦͷআછͳͲ੒ՌΛ‫ͨ͠ʹݩ‬࿦จ΍૯આΛ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʹͯఆ‫ظ‬తʹ͸‫ه‬Աʹ৽͍͠ͱ͜ΖͰɼզʑͷ஥͕ؒ‫ݱ‬஍Ͱ‫׼‬Λྲྀ͠ൃද͠ɼ౔৕෺ཧֶͷߩ‫ݙ‬΍ͦͷՄೳੑΛ໨ʹ‫͑ݟ‬Δ‫ܗ‬͍ͯΔɽͰ͍ࣔͯ͘͜͠ͱ͕ඞཁͰ͋Δɽͦ͜Ͱʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯ͜ͷΑ͏ʹ౔৕෺ཧ‫ͯͬݴͱڀݚ‬΋ۙ೥͸஍‫نٿ‬໛ͷӨ‫ڹ‬Λߟྀͭͭ͠ਐΊΔ಺༰͕૿͍͑ͯΔͨΊɼࢲͷࢴ໘ΛआΓͯɼJpGU ಛूΛ૊Έɼࠓ‫ޙ‬೥ʹ 2∼3 ใఔ౓࿦จΛ‫͍ͯ͑ߟͱ͍͖͍ͨͯ͠ࡌܝ‬Δɽͨͪ΋ɼ΋ͱ΋ͱͷ‫׆‬ಈͷ৔Ͱ͋Δʮ೶ֶʯΛ‫ܧ‬ଓͭ͠

JpGU ಛूΛ࢝ΊΔʹ͋ͨͬͯɼ͜͜Ͱ͸஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պͭ΋ɼ஍‫ٿ‬Պֶͱͷؔ࿈Λ಄ͷย۱ʹஔ͖ͳ͕Β‫ڀݚ‬Λֶ࿈߹ͱ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ‫ڀݚ‬ͷؔ܎ΛৼΓฦΔɽ໨తͷͻ

ల։͢Δ࣌‫ʹظ‬དྷ͍ͯΔͷ͔΋஌Εͳ͍ɽͦͯ͠ɼࢲͨ

ͱͭ͸ɼ౔৕෺ཧֶձ͕஍‫ٿ‬Պֶͷ࿮૊ΈͷதͰߩ‫Ͱݙ‬͕ͪ͜Ε͔Β‫ڀݚ‬੒Ռൃද΍ଞ෼໺ͷ‫ͱऀڀݚ‬ͷަྲྀ͖Δ͜ͱΛࣔ͢͜ͱͰ͋ΔɽԹஆԽ΍‫ީؾ‬มಈΛ͸͡Ίʹ͓͍ͯଘࡏ‫ײ‬Λൃ‫͖΂͢ش‬৔ͷҰͭͱͯ͠ɼ೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬

ͱ͢Δ஍‫ڥ؀ٿ‬໰୊ͷߴ·ΓͷதͰɼ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ‫ڀݚ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹ʢJapan Geoscience UnionɼJpGUɼ2005 ઃ͸ɼ೶ֶɼ޻ֶͷ࿮૊ΈΛ௒͑ͯ޿ࣾ͘ձߩ‫͖Ͱ͕ݙ‬Δ

ཱʣ͕͋ΔɽJpGU ͸஍‫ٿ‬ՊֶΛத৺ͱͯ͠ɼ‫ؾ‬৅ɼւֶ໰ͱͯ͠ೝࣝͰ͖Δɽ΋͏ͻͱͭͷ໨త͸ɼ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕༸ɼ஍࣭ɼ࿭੕ՊֶͳͲ෯޿ֶ͍໰෼໺Λѻ͏࿈߹૊৫

Պֶ࿈߹͕޲͔͏ํ޲ੑΛ঺հ͢Δ͜ͱͰɼ೔ຊͷֶज़Ͱɼ౔৕෺ཧֶձ͸ 2009 ೥ʹՃໍͨ͠ɽͦ͜Ͱ͸ 2007ͷதʹ͓͚Δ஍࣭ · ౔৕‫ڀݚڥ؀‬ͷҐஔ͚ͮΛߟ͑Δ͜

೥͔ΒɼSubsurface Mass Transport, Material Cycle, andͱ͕Ͱ͖Ε͹޾͍ͱߟ͍͑ͯΔɽ

Environmental Assessment. ͱ͍͏ηογϣϯ͕։࠵͞Ε͓ͯΓɼஶऀΛ͸͡Ίͱͯ͠౔৕෺ཧֶձձһ͕ίϯϏʔφʢٞ௕ʣͱͯ͠ࢀը͍ͯ͠Δɽ౔৕΍‫ؠ‬ੴ͔Βͳ
Δ஍࣭ഔମʹ͓͚Δ෺࣭Ҡಈ · ෺࣭॥‫͍ͯͭʹ؀‬ɼࣨ಺࣮‫ݧ‬ɼ‫ݱ‬Ґஔࢼ‫ݧ‬ɼϑΟʔϧυௐࠪɼղੳ · ධՁϞσϧ‫ؔͼٴ‬࿈Ԡ༻෼໺΁ͷద༻ͳͲɼ޿͍ࢹ఺͔Βٞ࿦͠ɼࠃ಺֎ʹ͓͚Δ࠷৽੒ՌͷަྲྀΛਤΔ͜ͱΛ໨తͱͯ͠
౔৕ɼ஍൫ɼ‫ֶ޻ڥ؀‬Λத৺ͱ͢Δ‫ൃڀݚ‬ද͕ߦΘΕ͍ͯΔɽ2012 ೥͸ 6 ೥໨ʹ౰ͨΔ͕ɼ೥ʑൃද݅਺͸ଟ͘ͳΓɼ૯ൃද݅਺ 46 ݅ͱͻͱͭͷηογϣϯͱͯ͠͸
1 Graduate school of Environmental and life science, Okayama University
2 Institute of Agriculture, Graduate School of Tokyo University of Agri-culture and Technology
2013 ೥ 6 ݄ 13 ೔डߘɹ 2013 ೥ 6 ݄ 29 ೔डཧ

2. ೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹ͱͦͷ੒Γཱͪ
2.1 ೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹ͱ͸೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹ʹΑΔͱɼެӹࣾஂ๏ਓ೔ຊ஍
‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹͸ɼ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕ՊֶΛߏ੒͢Δ͢΂ͯͷ෼໺‫ͦͼٴ‬ͷؔ࿈෼໺ΛΧόʔ͢Δ‫ٕ · ऀڀݚ‬ज़ऀ · ‫ڭ‬ҭؔ܎ऀ · Պֶίϛϡχέʔλɼͦͷ΄͔஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ෼
໺ʹؔ৺Λֶ࣋ͭੜ΍Ұൠࢢຽ͔ΒͳΔ 7000 ໊Ҏ্ͷ‫ݸ‬ਓձһͱ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶؔ࿈ 48 ֶ‫ڠ‬ձΛஂମձһͱ͢
Δֶज़ஂମͰ͋Δʢ೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹, 2013ʣɽ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ͸ɼ஍‫ٿ‬෺ཧֶɼ஍ֶ࣭ɼ߭෺ֶɼ஍ཧֶͳͲ
ͷֶ໰෼໺͔Βߏ੒͞Ε͓ͯΓɼ͞ΒʹͦΕͧΕͷ෼໺͕‫ؾ‬৅ֶɼ஍਒ֶɼՐࢁֶɼ‫ؠ‬ੴֶɼଯੵֶɼ‫ݹ‬ੜ෺ֶɼ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 124 ߸ɹ (2013)

4

Table 1 େ‫ؾ‬ਫ‫ݍ‬Պֶ಺ͷαϒηΫγϣϯ.
Subsection group in Atmospheric and Hydrospheric Sciences.

Ͱɼ༷ʑͳ࣌ؒͱۭؒεέʔϧΛ͍࣋ͬͯΔͨΊɼηοαΠΤϯεηΫγϣϯ

ϜͰͷ‫ݱ‬৅͔Βɼ४ฏߧͷঢ়ଶΛѻ͏‫Ͱ·ڀݚ‬໢ཏͯ͠αϒηΫγϣϯ
େ‫ؾ‬Պֶ · ‫ؾ‬৅ֶ · େ‫( ڥ؀ؾ‬AS)ւ༸Պֶ · ւ༸‫( ڥ؀‬OS)
ਫจ · ཮ਫ · ஍Լਫֶ · ਫ‫( ڥ؀‬HW)େ‫ؾ‬ਫ‫ݍ‬Պֶ (A)ઇණֶ · ‫( ڥ؀ྫྷפ‬CC)‫ · ڥ؀ݹ‬௕‫ީؾظ‬มಈ (PE)஍࣭‫౔ · ڥ؀‬৕‫( ڥ؀‬GE)େ‫ؾ‬ਫ‫ݍ‬Պֶෳ߹ྖҬ · Ұൠ (CG)γϣϯͷதͰ͸ϛΫϩ͔ΒϚΫϩ·Ͱɼ·ͨϦΞϧλΠ
͍Δɽਫ͔Βਫৠ‫ؾ‬ɼ·༹ͨӷҠಈ͔Βੳग़ͳͲɼҰൠʹ͸ѻ͍ʹ͍͘૬มԽ΋ɼۙ೥ͷϚγϯύϫʔͱγϛϡϨʔγϣϯϓϩάϥϜͷൃୡʹΑΓॆ෼‫࣮ݱ‬తͳϞσϦϯά͕Մೳʹͳ͍ͬͯΔɽ

2.3 ஍࣭‫౔ · ڥ؀‬৕‫ڥ؀‬ͷҐஔ্͚ͮͷߟ͑ํ͔Β‫͑ݴ‬͹ɼ஍࣭‫౔ · ڥ؀‬৕‫ڥ؀‬Λѻ͏‫ڀݚ‬͸ɼ஍‫཮ٿ‬Ҭͷ࠷ද૚Λѻ͏Պֶͱߟ͑Δ͜ͱ͕

཮ਫֶɼ஍‫ࡉʹͲͳֶܗ‬෼Խ͞Ε͓ͯΓɼͦͷ੄໺͸ 50

Ͱ͖Δɽͦ͜Ͱ͸ਓؒ‫׆‬ಈ͕ߦΘΕɼ೶‫ۀ‬ੜ࢈͕ߦΘΕɼओͩͬͨ‫ڥ؀‬ෛՙ෺࣭͕൓Ԡʢᖤա΍Ԛછɼড়Խͳ

Ҏ্ͷֶ‫ڠ‬ձʹΘͨΔɽ

Ͳʣ͢Δɽେ‫ؾ‬ਫ‫ݍ‬Պֶ͸஍‫ٿ‬ද૚‫ܥ‬ͷ‫ڀݚ‬Λѻ͏η೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹͸ɼ2005 ೥ͷ೔ຊֶज़ձٞͷΫγϣϯͰ͋Γɼ஍‫نٿ‬໛Ͱͷ෺࣭॥‫؀‬Λର৅ͱͯ͠

վֵʹରԠͯ͠ɼࡉ෼Խ · ෼ࢄԽ͍ͯ͠Δ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ͍ΔͨΊʮ஍࣭ഔମʹ͓͚Δ෺࣭Ҡಈɼ෺࣭॥‫؀ͱ؀‬ؔ࿈ֶ‫ڠ‬ձΛଋͶΔ૊৫ͱͯ͠ൃ଍ͨ͠ʢ೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕‫ڥ‬ධՁʢSubsurface Mass Transport, Material Cycle, andՊֶ࿈߹, 2005ʣɽ2008 ೥ͷ๏ਓԽΛ‫ͯܦ‬ʢ೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭

Environmental Assessmentʣʯͱ୊ͨ͠ࠃࡍηογϣϯ

੕Պֶ࿈߹, 2009ʣ
ɼ2011 ೥ 12 ݄ 1 ೔ʹެӹࣾஂ๏ਓ೔

ʢҎԼɼ෺࣭॥‫؀‬ηογϣϯʣ͸ҰͭͷॏཁͳҐஔΛ઎Ίຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹͕ൃ଍ͨ͠ʢ೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹,Δͱߟ͍͑ͯΔɽ෺࣭॥‫؀‬ηογϣϯͰ͸ɼ౔৕΍‫ؠ‬ੴ

2009ʣɽֶज़‫׆‬ಈͷओମͱͳΔͷ͸ɼ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶશମ

͔ΒͳΔ஍࣭ഔମʹ͓͚Δ෺࣭ͷҠಈͱ॥‫؀‬ɼฒͼʹΤΛՊֶతͳࢹ఺Ͱେ·͔ʹ۠෼ͨ͠ʮӉ஦࿭੕Պֶʯ
ʮେωϧΪʔͷ༌ૹʹ͍ͭͯɼࣨ಺࣮‫ݧ‬ɼ‫ݱ‬Ґஔࢼ‫ݧ‬ɼϑΟʔ‫ؾ‬ւ༸ · ‫ڥ؀‬Պֶʢ2012 ೥ΑΓେ‫ؾ‬ਫ‫ݍ‬Պֶʢ೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬ϧυௐࠪɼղੳ · ධՁϞσϧ‫ؔͼٴ‬࿈Ԡ༻෼໺΁ͷద༻࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹, 2012cʣʣʯʮ஍‫ٿ‬ਓؒ‫ݍ‬Պֶʯʮ‫ݻ‬ମ஍‫ٿ‬ՊͳͲɼ޿͍ࢹ఺͔Βٞ࿦͠ɼࠃ಺֎ʹ͓͚Δ࠷৽੒Ռͷֶʯ‫ͼٴ‬ʮ஍‫ٿ‬ੜ໋Պֶʯͷ 5 ͭͷαΠΤϯεηΫγϣ

ަྲྀΛਤ͍ͬͯΔɽϯͰ͋Δɽͦͯ͠ɼֶज़େձʢ೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹େ

෺࣭ҠಈΛର৅ͱ͢Δ෼໺ʹ͸ଞʹਫจֶ΍ੜ෺஍‫ٿ‬ձʣΛຖ೥य़ʹઍ༿‫ݝ‬ນுࢢນுϝοηࠃࡍձٞ৔Ͱ։Խֶ͕͋Δ͕ɼਫจֶ͕Ұൠʹਫฏํ޲ͷ෺࣭Ҡಈͷ޿

࠵ɼ೥ 4 ճͷχϡʔεϨλʔࢽͷൃߦΛ͠ɼଞʹ͞·͕͟ΓΛ‫ͤݟ‬Δͷʹର͠ɼຊηογϣϯͰ͸౔৕ʹ࢝·Γ·ͳֶज़‫׆‬ಈ΍ ޿ใී‫׆ٴ‬ಈΛߦ͍ͬͯΔɽ

஍൫ͱ͍ΘΕΔਂ͞·ͰɼԖ௚ํ޲΁ͷ෺࣭ҠಈΛಛ௃͜ͷΑ͏ʹ೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹͸ɼࠃࡍ࿈‫ܞ‬ɼࣾձͱͨ͠΋ͷ͕ଟ͍ɽ·ͨɼੜ෺஍‫ٿ‬Խֶ͕ੜ෺ͦͷଞͷ΁ͷ৘ใൃ৴ɼؔ࿈෼໺ͷ‫׆ڀݚ‬ಈͱ৘ใަ‫׵‬ͷଅਐ౳ϓϩηεΛ௨ͨ͡Խֶ෺࣭ͷมԽͱҠಈΛओʹѻ͏ͷʹΛ௨ͯ͡ɼ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶશମͷৼ‫دʹٴීͱڵ‬༩͢Δ͜

ର͠ɼຊηογϣϯͰ͸ѻ͏෺࣭ͷԽֶతಛੑ͸ͲͪΒͱΛ໨తͱͯ͠‫׆‬ಈΛߦ͍ͬͯΔֶज़ஂମͰ͋Δɽ͔ͱ‫͑ݴ‬͹ैͰ͋Δ৔߹͕ଟ͍ɽͦͷ୅ΘΓʹɼਫ · ෺

2.2 େ‫ؾ‬ਫ‫ݍ‬Պֶ෼໺ͷ‫ݱ‬ঢ়ͱϏδϣϯ࣭ · ೤ͱ෺ཧϓϩηεʹ͍ͭͯ͸ඇৗʹৄࡉʹѻͬͨ΋౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ‫͢܎͕ؔڀݚ‬Δେ‫ؾ‬ਫ‫ݍ‬ՊֶηΫγϣϯ

ͷ͕ଟ͍ͷ͕ಛ௃Ͱ͋Δɽͳ͓ɼ෺࣭॥‫؀‬ηογϣϯ͸

Ͱ͸ɼզʑ͕ੜ‫͢׆‬Δ཮Ҭද૚ɼେ‫ؾ‬ɼւͳͲɼզʑʹ͜Ε·Ͱ͋Δఔ౓࿈ଓͯ͠ηογϣϯΛ։࠵͠ɼຖ೥ଟ

ͱͬͯ΋ͬͱ΋਎ۙͳ஍‫ٿ‬ද૚‫ܥ‬Λѻ͏‫ڀݚ‬Λ໨ࢦͯ͘͠ͷൃද਺͕͋Δ͜ͱ͔Βɼ࿈߹͔Β͸ʮ஍࣭‫౔ · ڥ؀‬͍Δɽ͜ͷ෼໺ʹ͸ɼ‫ڥ؀‬Ԛછɼ‫ؾ‬৅ࡂ֐΍ԹஆԽΛ͸৕‫ ڥ؀‬ʢGEʣʯͱ͍͏͖ͪΜͱͨ͠෼ྨ໊ʢTable 1ʣΛ͡Ίͱ͢Δ஍‫ڥ؀ٿ‬໰୊ͳͲɼզʑͷੜ‫ʹ׆‬਎ۙͳ໰୊

͍͍͓ͨͩͯΓɼେม໊༪ͳ͜ͱͩͱߟ͍͑ͯΔɽ͕ଟ͘‫·ؚ‬Ε͓ͯΓɼ‫ݱ‬৅ͷཧղʹซͤͯɼ‫ݱ‬৅ͷ࠶‫ݱ‬΍কདྷ༧ଌͷͨΊͷϞσϦϯά͸ඇৗʹॏཁͰ͋Δɽ‫ݹ‬࣍ͷઅͰ͸ 2012 ೥ͷେձʹ͓͚Δൃද಺༰Λ֓‫͠؍‬ͯΈΔɽ͔͘Β‫ؾ‬৅ɼւ༸ɼਫ॥‫؀‬Λѻ͏‫ݸ‬ʑͷ෼໺Ͱͦͷ‫ڀݚ‬͸ߦΘΕ͖͕ͯͨɼۙ೥ɼզʑͷཧղ͕ਂ·ΔʹͭΕͯɼ

3. ຊηογϣϯʹ͓͚ΔൃදλΠτϧͷ

େ‫ · ؾ‬ւ༸ · ཮Ҭද૚ؒͷ૬‫༻࡞ޓ‬ͷཧղ΍ෳࡶ‫͠ͱܥ‬܏޲ͱ‫ݱ‬ঢ়෼ੳͯͷ໰୊೺ѲͳͲ͕৽͍͠՝୊ʹͳ͖ͬͯͨʢ೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹, 2013ʣɽ͜ͷΑ͏ͳঢ়‫گ‬ͷ΋ͱͰɼ্‫ه‬՝୊Λ஍‫ٿ‬ՊֶͷதͰద੾ʹҐஔ͚ͮͯٞ࿦͢Δ͜ͱ͸ඇৗʹ༗ޮͰ͋Δɽେ‫ · ؾ‬ւ༸ · ཮Ҭͷ૬‫༻࡞ޓ‬͸ଟ෼ʹಈతͰ͋Γɼ஍‫ٿ‬ද૚‫ܥ‬ͷঢ়ଶ͸೔ʑେ͖͘มಈ͢Δɽ෺࣭॥‫͋Ͱ؀‬Ε͹୯ಠͷҠಈ‫ݱ‬৅Ͱ͸ͳ͘࿈੒༌ૹͱͯ͠औΓѻ͏ͳͲɼΑΓ۩ମతͰຊ࣭తͳٞ࿦Λ͢Δඞཁ͕͋ΔɽͦͷมԽ͸ɼ೔มԽ͔Β਺೥·Ͱɼ·ͨ‫ݦ‬ඍ‫͔ڸ‬Βะ৔Ϩϕϧ·2012 ೥౓େձʹ͓͍ͯ͸ຊηογϣϯͰ͸ Table 2 ʹࣔ͢௨Γ 46 ݅ͷ‫ൃڀݚ‬දਃࠐ͕͋Γɼ͏ͪ 19 ͕݅‫ޱ‬಄ൃදɼ27 ͕݅ϙελʔൃදͰ͋ͬͨɽ46 ݅ͷ͏ͪɼච಄ஶऀͷॴଐ͕೔ຊࠃ಺ͷେֶͷൃද͕ 34 ݅ɼॴଐ͕
೔ຊࠃ಺ͷ‫ॴڀݚ‬ͷൃද͕ 6 ݅ɼॴଐ͕ւ֎ͷେֶ͓Αͼ‫ॴڀݚ‬ͷൃද͕ͦΕͧΕ 3 ݅ͣͭͰ͋ͬͨɽ·ͨɼࠃ಺ͷେֶ͔Βͷൃදͷ͏ͪɼ೶ֶ‫͓ܥ‬Αͼ޻ֶ‫ܥ‬ͷֶ
෦ · ֶՊʹॴଐ͢Δ‫ͨ·ऀڀݚ‬͸େֶӃੜʹΑΔൃද͕JpGU ಛूʮ෺࣭Ҡಈͱ‫ڥ؀‬ϦεΫධՁʯ΁ͷট଴ͦΕͧΕ 15 ݅ͩͬͨͷʹରͯ͠ɼ஍‫ٿ‬ՊֶͳͲͷཧֶ

5

͞ΕΔ͓ͯΓɼࠓ‫ൃޙ‬ද݅਺ͷ૿Ճ͕༧૝͞ΕΔɽ

‫ֶܥ‬෦ · ֶՊॴଐͷ‫ͨ·ऀڀݚ‬͸େֶӃੜʹΑΔൃද͕

4 ݅Ͱ͋ͬͨɽҰํɼࠃ಺‫͔ॴڀݚ‬Βͷൃදʹ͍ͭͯ͸೶ֶ‫ܥ‬ͷ‫͔ॴڀݚ‬Βͷൃද͕ 2 ݅ɼ޻ֶ‫ܥ‬ͷ‫͔ॴڀݚ‬4. ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹ͱͷࠓ‫ޙ‬ͷϏδϣϯ
ʹ͍ͭͯΒͷൃද͕ 4 ݅Ͱ͋ͬͨɽւ֎ͷେֶ͔Βͷൃද͸ɼ͍ͣΕ΋ཧֶ‫ʹܥ‬෼ྨ͞ΕΔ DepartmentʢGeology ·ͨ͸

4.1 ֶज़ձٞ΁ͷ৘ใൃ৴

Hydrologyʣॴଐͷ‫ऀڀݚ‬΍େֶӃੜʹΑΔൃදͰ͋Γɼւ֎ͷ‫͍ͯͭʹॴڀݚ‬͸೶ֶ‫ܥ‬ͷ‫͔ॴڀݚ‬Βͷൃද͕ 2݅Ͱཧֶ‫ܥ‬ͷ‫͔ॴڀݚ‬Βͷൃද͕ 1 ݅Ͱ͋ͬͨɽJpGUज़ͷ੒ՌΛϢχΦϯɼ࿈߹ͱͯ͠ੈʹൃ৴͍ͯ͘͜͠

͸ɼൃ଍౰࣌͸஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ‫ʹܥ‬ଐ͢Δֶձ͕ओͨΔߏཁੑΛૌ͑Δ໨త΋͋Δɽ͝ଘ͡ͷΑ͏ʹɼֶज़ͷ‫׆‬ಈ੒ֶձͰ͋ͬͨ΋ͷͷɼ‫ࡏݱ‬ͷߏ੒ֶձʹ͸౔৕෺ཧֶ

͕޿͘ߦ͑Δ͔Ͳ͏͔͸ɼ࡞๏௨Γʹྱّਖ਼͘͠‫ڀݚ‬ΛձͷΑ͏ͳ೶ֶ‫ͱܥ‬෼ྨ͞ΕΔֶձ΋‫·ؚ‬Ε͍ͯΔɽຊ

ߦ͍ͬͯΔ͔Ͳ͏͔Ͱ͸ͳ͘ɼద੾ͳͱ͖ʹɼͦͷॏཁηογϣϯͷΑ͏ʹ෼໺ԣஅతͳςʔϚΛ‫͛ܝ‬Δͱɼ೶ੑΛੈʹૌ͔͚͑Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ͔Ͳ͏͔ʹ͔͔͍ͬͯ

޻໰Θ༷ͣʑͳ෼໺͔Βͷ‫ൃڀݚ‬ද͕ߦΘΕɼਓࡐަྲྀ

Δɽࡢࠓͷ‫ݶ‬ΒΕͨࠃՈ༧ࢉͷதɼ৽ฉ΍ςϨϏͰใಓͷ৔ͱͯ͠େ͍ʹߩ‫͍͖ͯͰݙ‬Δɽ

͞ΕΔ֤छͷௐࠪ΍‫ڀݚ‬ͷ͏ͪɼ͋Δఔ౓ͷ‫ن‬໛Ҏ্ͷ‫ൃڀݚ‬දͷ಺༰ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼ౔தͷ༹࣭Ҡಈʹؔ͢Δ
΋ͷ͕ 8 ݅ɼ౔தͷ෺࣭ҠಈʹؔΘΔ෺ੑ஋ͷଌఆʹؔ೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹ͷ‫׆‬ಈͷ໨త͸ɼͻͱͭʹ͸ֶͱͰ͋Δ͕ɼ΋͏Ұͭʹ͸੓෎ʹରͯ͠ɼ஍‫ٿ‬Պֶͷॏ΋ͷ͸ɼ੓෎ʹ༧ࢉ্ͷॏཁੑΛೝΊΒΕ࣮ͯࢪ͞Ε͍ͯΔ΋ͷ͹͔ΓͰ͋Δɽ

͢Δൃද͕ 6 ݅ɼ౔தͷΨεҠಈʹؔ͢Δ΋ͷ͕ 6 ݅ɼ࿈߹Ͱ͸ֶ‫ڠ‬ձ௕౳ձ͕ٞ͠͹͠͹։࠵͞ΕΔ͕ɼͦ౔தͷ೤Ҡಈʹؔ͢Δ΋ͷ͕ 5 ݅ɼ౔தͷਫ෼ҠಈʹؔͷձٞͰٞ࿦͞ΕΔͷ͕೔ຊֶज़ձٞʹ͓͚Δେ‫ࢪܕ‬ઃ͢Δ΋ͷ͕ 4 ݅ɼ౔ͷᎢਫੑʹؔ͢Δ΋ͷ͕ 3 ݅ɼ౔த‫ܭ‬ը · େ‫ن‬໛‫ܭڀݚ‬ըʹؔ͢ΔϚελʔϓϥϯʢҎԼϚͷίϩΠυҠಈʹؔ͢Δൃද͕ 2 ݅͋ͬͨɽͦͷ΄͔ਫελʔϓϥϯʣʢ೔ຊֶज़ձٞɼ2012ʣ΁ͲͷΑ͏ͳॏཁ࣭ʢ஍Լਫ‫ؚ‬Ήʣʹؔ͢Δ‫ൃڀݚ‬දɼ৿ྛ಺ͷ෺࣭॥‫ʹ؀‬Ҋ݅ΛൃҊ͢Δ͔ɼͰ͋Δɽ೔ຊͷֶज़ͷํ޲ੑ͸͜ͷؔ͢Δൃදɼඍੜ෺ʹΑΔ౔தԽֶ෺࣭ͷ෼ղʹؔ͢Δ೔ຊֶज़ձٞͰܾΊΒΕ͓ͯΓɼ3 ͭͷ෦ձʢ೔ຊֶज़

‫ڀݚ‬ͷൃද͕ߦΘΕͨɽ2012 ೥౓ʹ෺࣭॥‫؀‬ηογϣ

ձٞɼ2011ʣʹɼֶձΛ୅දͨ͠‫زͰܗ‬ਓ͔ͷҕһ͕ࢀϯͰൃද͞Εͨ‫ڀݚ‬͸࣮‫ݧ‬΍‫ݱ‬৔Ͱͷௐࠪ · ϞχλϦϯ

Ճ͠ɼ৹ٞͷ্ɼਪਐ͢΂͖ॏཁҊ͕ܾ݅ΊΒΕΔɽϚάʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬΋ͷ͕ଟ͘ɼґવͱͯ͠౔தͷ෺࣭ҠಈʹؔελʔϓϥϯͰ͸ʮֶज़෼໺ͷϏδϣϯ · ମ‫͠٭ཱʹܥ‬

͢Δ‫ڀݚ‬ͷଟ͕͘Ҡಈ‫ݱ‬৅΍ͦΕʹؔΘΔ‫ݱ‬৅ͷৄࡉͳͨେ‫ࢪܕ‬ઃ‫ܭ‬ը · େ‫ن‬໛‫ܭڀݚ‬ըɼ͓Αͼɼॾ‫͔఺؍‬Βଌఆʹґ͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱΛ͍ࣔͯ͠ΔɽҰํͰɼϞσϧΛ଎΍͔ʹ࣮ࢪ͢΂͖େ‫ࢪܕ‬ઃ‫ܭ‬ը · େ‫ن‬໛‫ܭڀݚ‬ըͷೋ༻͍ͨ෺࣭Ҡಈʹؔ͢Δ‫ࢉܭ‬΍Ϟσϧͷ։ൃʹओ‫؟‬Λஔͭͷ‫ܭ‬ըʯΛࡦఆ͢Δ͜ͱͱͳ͍ͬͯΔʢ೔ຊֶज़ձٞɼ

͍ͨ‫ൃڀݚ‬ද΋ 8 ݅͋ͬͨɽͦΕΒ͸ɼ౔தؒܺεέʔ

2012ʣɽ࿈߹Ͱ͸Ӊ஦։ൃ͔Β஍‫ٿ‬Պֶʹ͍ͨΔछʑͷϧͷਫ෼ྲྀΕͷ‫ؔ͢ʹࢉܭ‬Δ‫͔ڀݚ‬ΒɼྲྀҬεέʔϧͷࣄ߲ΛϚελʔϓϥϯ΁ఏҊ͢΂͘ɼ࣌ؒΛ͔͚ͯٞ࿦

ਫ࣭༧ଌʹؔ͢Δ‫Ͱ·ڀݚ‬ɼର৅΋εέʔϧ΋ଟछଟ༷Λߦ͍ͬͯΔɽ࿈߹͸ɼ‫ن‬໛ͱͯ͠͸ඇৗʹେ͖͘ɼ஍

Ͱ͋ͬͨɽϞσϧ͕ओମͱͳΔ‫ڀݚ‬͸Ұൠʹɼ࣮‫ʹݧ‬Αֶ෼໺શͯΛ୅ද͢ΔΑ͏ͳ‫͕͢͡ײ‬Δ͠ɼࣄ࣮େ͖ͳ

Δଌఆ΍‫ݱ‬৔ͰͷϞχλϦϯά͚ͩͰ͸‫ݱ‬৅ͷཧղ΍ͦൃ‫ྗݴ‬Λ࣋ͭͱߟ͑ΒΕΔ͕ɼཧՊ‫ڭ‬ҭͷதͰ஍ֶબ୒

ͷ༧ଌ͕೉͍͠৔߹΍ɼ௚઀ଌఆ͕ࠔ೉ͳ৔߹ʹߦΘΕ͕গͳ͍ͨΊ͔ɼ‫͘ڧ͕ײػة‬ɼߴߍੜ΁ͷ஍ֶ‫ڭ‬ҭɼஉ

Δɽ౔தͷ෺࣭Ҡಈ΍ͦΕʹͱ΋ͳ͏‫ڥ؀‬Ө‫ڹ‬ධՁʹͭঁ‫ڞ‬ಉࢀըɼΩϟϦΞΞοϓͳͲʢ೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈

͍ͯ͸ɼ࣮‫ݧ‬తʹௐ΂Δ͜ͱ΍෺࣭Ҡಈͷ༧ଌ͕೉͍͠

߹, 2012a, 2012bʣඇৗʹ೤৺ʹ৘ใൃ৴ʹ౒Ί͍ͯΔɽ

͜ͱ͕ଟ͘ɼϞσϧΛ༻͍ͨ‫ڀݚ‬ख๏͕ෆՄܽͰ͋Δɽ‫ࡏݱ‬ͷՊֶٕज़ͷ͋Γํ͸ɼ‫ݸ‬ਓϓϨʔͱ‫͏ݴ‬ΑΓ͸·ͨɼຊηογϣϯͷൃදʹ͓͚Δಛ௃ͱͯ͠ɼ೔ຊ

άϧʔϓϫʔΩϯάɼ·ͨ͸બ୒ͱूதͱ͍͏ද‫ʹݱ‬୅ֶज़ৼ‫ڵ‬ձʹΑΔՊֶ‫ڀݚ‬අิॿۚͱ͸ҟͳΔɼ͍ΘΏද͞ΕΔΑ͏ʹɼ͋Δํ޲ੑΛ࣋ͭҙࢥͷ౷Ұ͞ΕͨάΔϓϩδΣΫτ‫ܕ‬ͷ‫ڀݚ‬අΛ֫ಘͨ͠‫ڀݚ‬άϧʔϓ͔Βϧʔϓ΁౤ࢿ͕ߦΘΕΔ͜ͱ͕ଟ͍ɽͦͷͨΊɼֶ֤ज़ଟ਺ͷൃද͕͋ͬͨ͜ͱ͕͋͛ΒΕΔɽίϯϏʔφͷํஂମ͸কདྷΛ‫ݟ‬ਾ͑ͨൃ‫ݴ‬΍‫׆‬ಈΛ͢Δ͜ͱ͕‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕͰ೺Ѳ͍ͯ͠Δ΋ͷͱͯ͠͸ɼՊֶٕज़ৼ‫ߏػڵ‬ʢJSTʣ

͍ͯΔɽ͋Δ༏Εͨ‫׆ڀݚ‬ಈ͕ɼ͜ͷΑ͏ͳֶज़ձٞ΁ؔ࿈ͷ CREST ͱ SATREPS ͔Βͷൃද͕ͦΕͧΕ 5 ݅ɼͷ৘ใൃ৴ͷύεΛ͍࣋ͬͯΕ͹Α͍͕ɼ΋͠Կ΋ͳ͚೔ຊֶज़ৼ‫ڵ‬ձؔ࿈ͷϓϩδΣΫτͱͯ͠άϦʔϯ · ΠΕ͹ɼΑ΄Ͳͷ੒ՌΛ͋͛ͳ͚Ε͹‫͖޲ݟ‬΋͞Εͳ͍͜ϊϕʔγϣϯϓϩάϥϜ͔Βͷൃද͕ 3 ݅ͷ߹‫ ܭ‬13 ݅ͱʹͳΔɽզʑ͸౔৕Λ௨ͨ͡೶ֶ · ޻ֶ · ੜଶֶ · ‫ڥ؀‬ͷൃද͕ߦΘΕͨɽ͍ͣΕͷϓϩδΣΫτ΋೤Λ‫ؚ‬Ή஍ՊֶΛࢤ͢ूஂͰ͋Δͱೝ͍ࣝͯ͠Δ͕ɼ೔ຊͷֶज़શԼਫ͓Αͼ౔தͰͷ෺࣭ҠಈʹؔΘΔ಺༰ͰɼηογϣମͷதͰͲͷΑ͏ͳ‫͖ͰݙߩͰܗ‬Δͷ͔ɼͦͷͨΊʹ͸ϯͷ໨తʹ߹கͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋ͬͨɽ

ͲͷΑ͏ͳ৘ใൃ৴ͷ‫͕͋ܗ‬Δͷ͔Λৗʹҙ͍ࣝͨ͠ɽ

෺ཧ୳ٕࠪज़Λ༻͍ͨ‫ൃڀݚ‬ද΋ 2 ݅͋ͬͨɽ͍ͣΕͳ͓ɼ‫ࣥߘݪ‬ච࣌఺ʢ2013 ೥ 5 ݄ʣͰ͸ɼ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ΋ඇഁյͰ஍த಺෦Λ‫ܭ‬ଌͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋Γɼ௚઀౔தͷ࿈߹಺ʹ౔৕෺ཧͷ෼໺͔Βબग़͞Ε͍ͯΔ୅ٞһ͸͍෺࣭Ҡಈ‫ݱ‬৅Λଌఆͨ͠΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͍΋ͷͷɼࠓ‫ޙ‬෺ཧ୳ٕࠪज़ͷ౰֘෼໺΁ͷద༻ࣄྫ͸ଟ͘ͳΔ͜ͱ͕‫ظ‬଴ͳ͍ɽ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 124 ߸ɹ (2013)6

4.2 ೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹ͷֶज़ࢽͷൃߦͱ౤ߘͷՄ෺ཧ෼໺ʹ͓͚Δ෺ཧ୳ٕࠪज़ͷԠ༻ͱ͍͏੾Γ‫ޱ‬ΛఏೳੑҊ͢Δ΋ͷͰಡऀʹ͓͔Εͯ͸ͥͻҰಡ͍͖͍ͨͩͨɽ

‫ࡏݱ‬ɼ೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹Ͱ͸ɼֶज़ࡶࢽͷ‫ߦץ‬ͷ͜ͷΑ͏ʹֶज़ަྲྀͷ৔ͱͯ͠ʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯ͸େ४උΛਐΊ͓ͯΓɼ2013 ೥ͷେձͷதͰ΋ʮΦʔϓϯ͍ͳΔՄೳੑΛ΋͓ͬͯΓɼຊηογϣϯͱ࿈ಈ͢Δ‫ܗ‬ΞΫηεిࢠδϟʔφϧͱֶज़ग़൛ͷকདྷʯͱ͍͏‫ا‬ըͰࠓ‫ޙ‬΋ JpGU ಛूΛ‫ܧ‬ଓ͍͖͍ͯͨ͠ɽJpGU ͱͷ͕ؔ͋Δɽࡶࢽ͸ΦʔϓϯΞΫηεδϟʔφϧͷ‫ܗ‬ଶΛͱ࿈͔Β౤ߘ͞ΕΔ‫ߘݪ‬Λಛू͍ͯ͘͜͠ͱͰɼ஍ֶ࣭ɼ

ΔΑ͏ͰɼηΫγϣϯΛ͍͔ͭ͘ʹ෼͚ΔͨΊͷձٞ΍஍൫޻ֶɼੜ෺஍‫ٿ‬ԽֶͳͲؔ࿈෼໺ͷ‫ͱऀڀݚ‬ͷަྲྀɼฤू΁ͷ‫ྗڠ‬ͷґཔͳͲΛ‫ͯܦ‬ɼ2014 ೥‫ߦץ‬Λ໨ࢦ͠՝୊ղܾͷͨΊͷ౔৕෺ཧͷద༻ൣғͷ֦େΛਤΔ͜ͱ

͍ͯΔʢ೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹, 2013ʣɽࡶࢽλΠτϧ͸

͕Մೳͱߟ͍͑ͯΔɽ͜͏ͯ͠ɼ
ʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯΛʮ஍

ʠProgress of Earth and Planetary ScienceʡͱͳΔ͜ͱ͕‫ٿ‬Պֶʯͱ͍͏ֶज़ͷͻͱͭͷೖΓ‫ͯ͠ʹޱ‬΋Β͑Ε͹

ೱްͰʢ2013 ೥ 5 ݄࣌఺ʣɼ೔ຊֶज़ৼ‫ڵ‬ձͷ‫ڀݚ‬੒Ռ޾͍Ͱ͋Δɽ

ެ։ଅਐඅʮࠃࡍ৘ใൃ৴‫ڧ‬ԽʯͷώΞϦϯάର৅ʹ΋

6. ͓ΘΓʹ

ͳΓɼணʑͱ४උΛਐΊ͍ͯΔɽ࿈߹ʹࢀը͢Δֶ‫ڠ‬ձ͸ɼֶձ͝ͱ͜ΕʹࢀՃ͢Δɼֶձͱͯ͠ฤूҕһΛग़චऀ͕೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹Λ஌ͬͨͷ͸਺೥લͰɼ

ͯ͠‫ྗڠ‬Λ͢ΔɼͳͲ༷ʑͳؔΘΓํ͕͋Δɽલड़ͨ͠

ҎདྷηογϣϯίϯϏʔφͱͯ͠‫׆‬ಈΛଓ͚͍ͯΔɽ్Α͏ʹɼ෺࣭॥‫؀‬ηογϣϯ͸ʮେ‫ؾ‬ਫ‫ݍ‬Պֶ෼໺ʯͷத

தɼͨ·ͨ·౔৕෺ཧֶձͷ‫ࣄװ‬Λ͍ͯ͠Δ͕࣌͋ͬͨ

Ͱʮ஍࣭‫౔ · ڥ؀‬৕‫ڥ؀‬ʯͱ͍͏෼ྨ໊Λ͍͍͓ͨͩͯ
Γɼֶज़ࡶࢽ͕‫͞ߦץ‬Εͨࡍʹ΋͜ͷ෼ྨ໊Ͱ౤ߘ · ฤͨΊɼֶ‫ڠ‬ձ௕౳ձٞʹग़੮͢Δ͜ͱ͕Կ౓͔͕͋ͬͨɼ
஍ֶ࣭෼໺ͷํʑͷฒʑͳΒ͵ΤωϧΪʔΛ‫ͨ͡ײ‬ɽಉू͞ΕΔ‫͕ߘݪ‬ग़ͯ͘Δ͜ͱΛ‫͏ئ‬͹͔ΓͰ͋Δɽศٓ͡Α͏ͳ࿈߹͸ถࠃͰ‫͜ͱ͏ݴ‬Ζͷถࠃ஍‫ٿ‬෺ཧ࿈߹্ͷ෼ྨ͚ͩͰɼ͠͹Β͘‫ͨͬܦ‬Βͦͷଞʹ෼ྨ͞Εͯ

ʢAGUʣʹ͋ͨΓɼ஍‫ٿ‬ԹஆԽʹ͍ͭͯͷఏ‫ݴ‬ɼՐ੕୳͍ͨ౳ͱ‫ͱ͍͜ͳ͕ͱ͜͏ݴ‬Λ‫͍͍ͨئ‬ɽͳ͓ɼ2013 ೥ࠪɼւఈ୳ࠪͳͲ஍‫ٿ‬Պֶʹඇৗʹେ͖ͳߩ‫ݙ‬Λ͍ͯ͠ͷ࿈߹େձͰൃද͞ΕΔߨԋͷͳ͔͔Β༏लͳ࿦จΛɼΔɽ஍‫ٿ‬γϛϡϨʔλ͕Ͱ͖ͨࠒɼӴ੕ʹΑΔશ‫؍ٿ‬ଌདྷ೥݄̍ͷ૑‫ʹ߸ץ‬౤ߘͯ͠௖͘΂͘‫ק‬༠Λ͢Δͱͷࠂ࣌୅ʹ͋ͬͯ΋΍͸Γ஍΂ͨΛ͸ͬͨσʔλͱΓ͕ඞཁ஌͕͞Ε͍ͯΔɽͩͱ‫ݴ‬ΘΕͨ͜ͱ͕͋ͬͨɽ·ͨɼ౦೔ຊେ਒ࡂ‫ޙ‬ͷ์

5. JpGU ಛूʹ͍ࣹͭͯੑ෺࣭ʹΑΔ౔৕ͷԚછͱͦΕʹର͢Δআછʹ͍ͭͯ࠷‫ʹޙ‬ɼ
ʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯͰͷ JpGU ಛूʹ͍ͭͯ঺հ

ΛΩʔϫʔυʹू·Δ؇΍͔ͳू߹ମͰ͋Δ͕ɼ೶ֶ΍

͢Δɽࠓ‫ޙ‬ɼຊηογϣϯͰൃද͞Εͨ‫ڀݚ‬੒Ռͷ͏ͪ޻ֶͳͲ΋ͱ΋ͱͷ‫׆‬ಈʹՃ͑ͯɼকདྷͷํ޲ੑΛߟ͍͔͑ͭ͘Λɼʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯͰͷ JpGU ಛूͷதͰ঺ͳ͕Βͷֶձ‫׆‬ಈ΋ࢤ͍ͨ͠ɽɹ

΋զʑ͸Ұఆͷߩ‫͖Ͱ͕ݙ‬Δͱߟ͍͑ͯΔɽզʑ͸౔৕հ͍͖͍ͯͨ͠ͱߟ͍͑ͯΔɽͦͷ͜ͱʹΑΓɼ͜Ε·Ҿ༻จ‫ݙ‬

Ͱʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯͱ͋·ΓؔΘΓͷͳֶ͔ͬͨज़෼໺
ͷएख‫ऀڀݚ‬ɼେֶӃੜʹ౔৕෺ཧֶͱ͍͏ֶज़෼໺ͱ
ͷ઀఺Λ࣋ͬͯ΋Β͏͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ͞Βʹ͸ɼ౔৕෺Ճ౻ઍਘ, Ҫຊതඒ, ੢ଜɹ୓, ‫⃻ٶ‬ɹ‫( ؽ‬2013): খ‫ܕ‬νϡʔϒཧֶձһʹͱͬͯ͸ɼʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯΛ௨ͯ͠ʮ஍‫ٿ‬Պຒઃ‫౔ܕ‬৕ΨεϞχλϦϯάγεςϜΛ༻͍ͨ೶஍౔৕த

ֶʯͱ͍͏ֶज़෼໺ͱͷؔΘΓͷਂ͞Λ஌ͬͯ΋Β͍ɼ౔৕෺ཧֶͷൃలʹͭͳ͍͛ͯ͘͜ͱ͕ՄೳͰ͋Δɽࠓ߸Ͱ͸ɼ͜ͷղઆͷ‫ ʹޙ‬2012 ೥ͷ෺࣭॥‫؀‬ηογϣϯͷதͰൃද͞Εͨ੒Ռʹؔ͢Δ࿦จ 3 ฤΛ‫͢ࡌܝ‬Δɽ
ͦΕΒ͸ɼ‫ాࢤי‬Βʢ2013ʣʹΑΔʮҟͳΔਫ෼৚݅Λ
༗͢Δ࠭ͷ೤ಛੑ: ཻࢠͷཻ‫ܗ · ܘ‬ঢ়ɼ͓Αͼੴӳ‫ؚ‬༗཰ͷӨ‫ڹ‬ʯ
ɼՃ౻Βʢ2013ʣʹΑΔʮνϡʔϒຒઃ‫ܕ‬ΨεϞχλϦϯάγεςϜͷখ‫ܕ‬Խͱ൓Ԡੑͷվળʯɼ‫ٶ‬ຊΒ
ʢ2013ʣʹΑΔʮଟप೾਺ి࣓୳ࠪ๏ʹΑΔ৿ྛͷ؅ཧ͕౔৕‫ʹڥ؀‬༩͑ΔӨ‫ڹ‬ධՁʯɼͰ͋Γɼ͍ͣΕͷஶऀ΋ࠓ‫ޙ‬ͷ౔৕෺ཧֶձΛ୲͍ͬͯ͘େֶӃੜ·ͨ͸एख‫ݚ‬‫͋Ͱऀڀ‬Δɽ‫ాࢤי‬ΒʹΑΔ೤఻ಋ཰ͷ༧ଌϞσϧͷఏҊ΍Ճ౻ΒʹΑΔ౔தೋࢎԽ୸ૉೱ౓ϞχλϦϯά૷ஔͷ։ൃ͸ɼTable 2 ʹࣔ͢ͱ͓Γൃද݅਺ͷଟ͍౔தͷ೤ҠಈɼΨεҠಈʹؔ͢Δ‫ൃڀݚ‬දͰ͋Γɼ೶ֶ෼໺ͷԠ༻͚ͩͰ͸ͳ͘޻ֶ෼໺·ͨ͸ཧֶ෼໺ͰͷԠ༻͕‫ظ‬଴Ͱ͖Δͱ͍͏ࢹ఺͔Βຊηογϣϯͷझࢫʹ߹க͢Δ࿦
จͰ͋Δɽ·ͨɼ‫ٶ‬ຊΒʹΑΔଟप೾਺ి࣓୳ࠪ๏Λ༻͍ͨඇഁյ · ඇ઀৮Ͱͷ౔৕ి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͷଌఆ͸ɼ ౔৕

CO2 Ψεೱ౓มಈͷ‫ݕ‬౼. ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ, 124: 25–33.
‫ٱ߶ాࢤי‬, ᖛຊণҰ࿠, ઒ຊɹ݈, ࡗɹརത, খদొࢤࢠ (2013):
ҟͳΔਫ෼৚݅Λ༗͢Δ࠭ͷ೤ಛੑ: ཻࢠͷཻ‫ܗ · ܘ‬ঢ়ɼ͓Αͼੴӳ‫ؚ‬༗཰ͷӨ‫ڹ‬. ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ, 124: 11–16.
೔ຊֶज़ձٞ (2011):೔ຊֶज़ձٞʹ͓͚Δ‫׆‬ಈͷखҾ͖ ฏ੒

23 ೥ 10 ݄ɽ೔ຊֶज़ձٞ (2012): ୈ 22 ‫ֶظ‬ज़ͷେ‫ࢪܕ‬ઃ‫ܭ‬ը · େ‫ن‬໛‫ܭڀݚ‬ըʹؔ͢ΔϚελʔϓϥϯࡦఆͷํ਑ ฏ੒ 24 ೥(2012 ೥)೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹ (2005): ೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹χϡʔεϨλʔ Vol.1(1)ɽ
೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹ (2009): ೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹χϡʔεϨλʔ Vol.5(1)ɽ
೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹ (2012a): ೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹χϡʔεϨλʔ Vol.8(1)ɽ
೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹ (2012b): ೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹χϡʔεϨλʔ Vol.8(2)ɽ
೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹ (2012c): ೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹χϡʔεϨλʔ Vol.8(3)ɽ

JpGU ಛूʮ෺࣭Ҡಈͱ‫ڥ؀‬ϦεΫධՁʯ΁ͷট଴೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹ (2013): ೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹χϡʔεϨλʔ Vol.9(1)ɽ

7ֆཬಸ, ถɹ߁ॆ, ຤‫ܧ‬ɹ३ (2013): ଟप೾਺ి࣓୳ࠪ๏ʹ
ΑΔ৿ྛͷ؅ཧ͕౔৕‫ʹڥ؀‬༩͑ΔӨ‫ڹ‬ධՁ. ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ,‫ٶ‬ຊचະ, ઒‫͔Ͳ·ݪ‬, ৿ɹ໵ੇࢤ, फଜ޿ত, Ҫख३Ұ࿠, ߴ‫ڮ‬124, 17–24.

Table 2 2012 ೥౓࿈߹େձ෺࣭॥‫؀‬ηογϣϯൃද՝୊Ұཡ.
λΠτϧࠃ಺ · ւ֎ॴଐ෼໺಺༰Ωʔϫʔυ

Input rate of sublacustrine gas into Lake Nyos (Cameroon, WestAfrica) inferred from diffuse CO2 -ﬂux measurement and hy

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ւ֎

େֶ

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஍Լਫਫ࣭

Temperature effects on hydro-mechanical characteristics of Kaolinite

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Geothermal property and groundwater ﬂow estimated from the lithology in the late Pleistocene terrace area, Tokyo, Japanʢ෢ଂ໺୆஍ʹ

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Behaviors of carbon dioxide in soils as affected by tillage systemsʢߞ‫ํى‬๏͕౔৕தͷೋࢎԽ୸ૉͷ‫ڍ‬ಈʹ‫͢΅ٴ‬Ө‫ؔ͢ʹڹ‬Δ‫ڀݚ‬ʣPredicting soil CO2 dynamics in the vadose zone of Andisol in Western suburb of Tokyoʢ೶஍౔৕த CO2 ಈଶ༧ଌʹؔ͢Δ‫ڀݚ‬ʣ
Landﬁll gases at an abandoned open dump: A case study from Udapalatha/Gampola site in the central province of Sri Lankaʢ์‫͞غ‬Εͨ։์౤‫غ‬஍಺ͷຒཱΨεʹ͍ͭͯ: εϦϥϯΧதԝभ · ΢μύϥʔλ/ΨϯϙϥαΠτʹ͓͚Δ‫ྫࣄڀݚ‬ʣ
Kinetics of biological methane oxidation for some selected composts
and landﬁll cover soil
Effects of soil-water retention hysteresis on gas and heat transport parametersʢΨε · ೤༌ૹ܎਺ʹ౔৕ਫ෼ώεςϦγε͕‫͢΅ٴ‬Ө‫ڹ‬ʣ
Sorption of heavy metals on soil and colloidal solutions and transportfacilitated by soil colloids
Colloidal ferrihydrite retards the appearance of Pu on the Earth’s surfaceʢPu ͷ஍දग़‫ݱ‬Λ஗ΒͤΔϑΣϦϋΠυϥΠτ · ίϩΠυʣTranslocation of Fukushima driven 137 Cs and 134 Cs in forest organic
soil layer
Study of the aboveground hydrological processes in an unmanaged
coniferous forest
Spatio-temporal relationships of cations-anions, F, Fe, & Pb with As
contaminated water of Kaudikasa, Chattisgarh, India
Composition change from ﬂuvial to estuarine environment: Mahaweli
River, Sri Lanka
Modeling of fate and transport of rice pesticide in river basin a casestudy for the Chikugo River basinʢՏ઒ྲྀҬʹ͓͚Δਫా೶ༀಈଶ
ͷϞσϧԽ-ஜ‫ޙ‬઒ࢧྲྀҬΛࣄྫͱͯ͠ʣ
Enhancing water inﬁltration and water-holding in soils by macropore
systemʢϚΫϩϙΞΛ࢖ͬͨ౔৕ਫਁಁͱอਫੑ޲্ʣ
Numerical simulation of wetting zones generated by artiﬁcial macroporesʢਓ޻ϚΫϩϙΞʹΑΔ࣪५ྖҬͷ਺஋γϛϡϨʔγϣϯʣ
Computational physics of ﬂow through porous media: Permeability
scaling
Fusion of active and passive hydrologic and geophysical tomographic
surveys: The future of subsurface characterization
The groundwater quality and pore water composition of alluvial deposit in Arakawa Lowland, Japanʢߥ઒௿஍ԭੵଯੵ෺ʹ͓͚Δ஍
Լਫ࣭ͱؒܺਫ૊੒ʣ

͓͚Δ஍࣭৚݅Λ൓өͨ͠஍Լͷ೤఻ಋ཰ͱ஍Լਫྲྀಈͷ‫ݕ‬౼ʣ

Numerical analysis of changes in ground temperature caused byground source heat pump system using HYDRUS౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 124 ߸ɹ (2013)8

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Ꭲਫੑ

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Ꭲਫੑ

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Ꭲਫੑ

Ecosystem modeling for a temperate grassland wind-erosion scheme

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೶

෩৯

Development of a tensiometer-TDR coil psrobe for the measurementof soil-water retention curves on water-repellent soils

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෺ੑ஋ଌఆ

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෺ཧԽֶੑ

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෺ཧ୳ࠪ

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༹࣭Ҡಈ

λΠτϧ

Mass and heat transport characteristics in differently-decomposed
peaty soils at variably-saturated conditions
Thermal properties of non-aggregated and aggregated soils: Effectsof particle size and shapeʢ୯ཻ · ஂཻߏ଄Λ༗͢Δ౔৕ͷ೤ಛੑ: ཻ‫͓ܘ‬Αͼ‫ܗ‬ঢ়ʹΑΔӨ‫ڹ‬ʣAssessment of VOCs bioremediation considering microbial inhabitation and soil environmental factorsʢඍੜ෺ੜଉ͓Αͼ౔৕‫ڥ؀‬Ҽࢠʹ‫ ͮ͘ج‬VOCs όΠΦϨϝσΟΤʔγϣϯͷධՁʣ
Advances in and limitations associated with in-situ bioremediation ofchlorinated solventsʢΫϩϩΤνϨϯྨͷ‫ݪ‬ҐஔόΠΦϨϝσΟ
Τʔγϣϯʹ͓͚Δਐలͱ੍‫ݶ‬ཁҼʣDevelopment of evaluation method on soil pollution by luminous bacteria —Effects of elution components of soil—ʢൃޫόΫςϦΞΛ༻͍ͨόΠΦΞοηΠʹΑΔ౔৕ԚછධՁख๏ͷ։ൃ—౔৕༹ग़੒෼
ͷӨ‫—ڹ‬ʣ
Occurrence of soil water repellency and implications for the ﬁlteringfunction of soils
Characterization of organic carbons orienting on the surface of water
repellent soilsʢᎢਫੑ౔৕ͷද໘Ͱ഑޲͍ͯ͠Δ༗‫୸ػ‬ૉͷΩϟϥΫλϦθʔγϣϯʣ

Effect of water content on the soil water repellency for Japanese and
New Zealand volcanic ash soilsʢ೔ຊ͓ΑͼχϡʔδʔϥϯυͷՐࢁփ౔ʹ͓͚Δਫ෼ྔ͕Ꭲਫੑʹ༩͑ΔӨ‫ڹ‬ʣGrain size analysis by laser diffraction particle size analyzerʢϨʔβʔճંཻࣜ౓෼෍ଌఆ૷ஔΛ༻͍ͨ౔ͷཻ౓ࢼ‫ݧ‬ʣ

Estimating soil hydraulic properties obtained from evaporation andmulti-step outﬂow experimentsʢৠൃ๏ͱϚϧνεςοϓྲྀग़๏ʹ
ΑΔ౔৕ͷਫ෼ҠಈಛੑͷਪఆʣParameter estimation of hysteretic soil hydraulic functions of an Andisol using the multistep outﬂow-inﬂow experimentsʢϚϧνεςο
ϓ‫ٵ‬ਫ · ഉਫ࣮‫ʹݧ‬ΑΔࠇϘΫ౔ͷώεςϦγεΛ‫ؚ‬Ήਫ෼Ҡಈؔ਺ͷਪఆ

Estimation of water ﬂux in variably saturated soil with a Penta-needle
Heat Pulse Probeʢ5 ઢ೤ύϧεηϯαʔΛ༻͍ͨ๞࿨ · ෆ๞࿨ਫ෼
ϑϥοΫεͷਪఆʣ

Measurement of pore velocity by using LAT-PIV, and parameter estimation of CTRWʢLAT-PIV ख๏Λ༻͍ͨؒܺྲྀ଎ଌఆͱ CTRW Ϟσϧͷύϥϝʔλਪఆʣ

Characterization of solid waste material from industrial landﬁll inJapanEvaluation of management practices in agricultural and forest lands
by the multiple-frequency electromagnetic surveyingʢଟप೾਺ి࣓
୳ࠪ‫ʹػ‬ΑΔ೶ྛ஍ͷ౔৕‫ڥ؀‬؅ཧͷධՁʣ

Applicability of Ground Penetrating Radar for investigation of vadosezone in arid landʢ‫ס‬૩஍ෆ๞࿨ଳ஍൫ߏ଄ௐࠪ΁ͷ஍தϨʔμͷద༻ੑʣ

Numerical analysis of fate and transport of leaked heat exchanger ﬂuids in borehole
Heavy metal removal in landﬁll leachate using agricultural waste materials: A case study in Sri Lanka
Effect of single-species salt solutions on geotechnical properties in
Bentonite

JpGU ಛूʮ෺࣭Ҡಈͱ‫ڥ؀‬ϦεΫධՁʯ΁ͷট଴λΠτϧThe effect of artiﬁcial macropores on the amount of organic mattersin soilsʢਓ޻ϚΫϩϙΞ͕౔৕தͷ༗‫ػ‬෺ྔʹ‫͢΅ٴ‬Ө‫ڹ‬ʣProcess-based modeling of chemical weathering: A step to reduce
model complexityʢૉաఔʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬Խֶ෩ԽϞσϦϯά: ؆ུԽͷ9ࠃ಺ · ւ֎ॴଐ෼໺಺༰Ωʔϫʔυ

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༹࣭Ҡಈ

‫ݕ‬౼ʣ

Contaminant transport modeling in a soil with variable charge properties under different pH conditions using HP1ʢHP1 ϓϩάϥϜΛ
༻͍ͨ pH ৚݅ͷҟͳΔมҟՙిΛ࣋ͭ౔தͷԚછ෺࣭ͷҠಈϞσϧʣLinking local soil transport processes to catchment hydrology and policy options
Contamination of wetlands through transport of pollutants generated
from the municipal solid waste open dumpsite, Kandy,

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

No. 124, p.11 ∼ 16 (2013)ҟͳΔਫ෼৚݅Λ༗͢Δ࠭ͷ೤ಛੑɿཻࢠͷཻ‫ܗ · ܘ‬ঢ়ɼ͓Αͼੴӳ‫ؚ‬༗཰ͷӨ‫ڹ‬‫ ٱ߶ాࢤי‬1 · ᖛຊণҰ࿠ 1,2 · ઒ຊɹ݈ 1,2 · ࡗɹརത 3 · খদొࢤࢠ 1,2

Thermal properties of sands at variably-saturated condition:
Effects of particle size and shape, and quartz content
Takahisa KAMOSHIDA1 , Shoichiro HAMAMOTO1,2 , Ken KAWAMOTO1,2 , Toshihiro SAKAKI3 , and Toshiko KOMATSU1,2

Abstract: Thermal properties of sands with different particle size and shape were measured. All sands showed
the similar trend for the change in heat capacity, increasing with increasing in water content (θ ).The gradient of
the thermal conductivity (λ ) to θ under the dry region(θ < 0.05 ∼ 0.10) increased with increasing particle sizefor sands with rough shape, indicating an increase in contact points per soil particle highly enhanced thermal conduction. Oppositely, for the wet region (θ > 0.05 ∼ 0.10),
the gradient of λ to θ were similar for sands with different
particle size. Equations of λ at completely dry condition
and water saturation were derived from obtained relationships between quartz content and λ in this study. By inserting these equations, existing models for thermal conductivity were modiﬁed, which markedly improved model
performances.
Key Words : thermal properties, sand, particle size, particle shape, quartz content

1. ͸͡Ίʹ

૩ີ౓ͷ্ঢʹͱ΋ͳ͏‫ݻ‬૬཰ͷ૿Ճ͸೤఻ಋ཰Λ૿Ճͤ͞Δʢvan Rooyen and Winterkorn, 1959; Abu-Hamdeh
and Reeder, 2000ʣɽҰํɼମੵ೤༰ྔʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɼ‫ݻ‬૬͸ӷ૬ΑΓ΋ൺ೤͕খ͍ͨ͞Ίɼ‫ס‬૩ີ౓ʢ‫ݻ‬૬཰ʣͷ૿Ճ͸ಉମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰Ͱମੵ೤༰ྔͷ௿ԼΛಋ͘ʢde Vries,

1963ʣɽ౔ੑͷҧ͍΋೤఻ಋ཰ʹେ͖͘Ө‫͠ڹ‬ɼಉମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰৚݅Ͱɼ࠭෼͕ଟ͍ࢼྉ΄Ͳ೤఻ಋ཰͸ߴ͘ɼ೪౔෼΍༗‫ػ‬෺‫ؚ‬༗ྔ͕ߴ͍΄Ͳ೤఻ಋ཰͕௿͍͜ͱ͕஌
ΒΕ͍ͯΔʢvan Duin, 1963ʣɽ౔৕ͷ෺ཧಛੑʹՃ͑ɼ౔ཻࢠͷඍࡉߏ଄΍౔ཻࢠͷ߭෺૊੒ɼ͢ͳΘͪ౔ཻࢠͷཻ‫ܗ · ܘ‬ঢ়΍ੴӳ‫ؚ‬༗཰΋౔৕தͷ೤ಛੑɼಛʹ೤఻ಋ཰ʹେ͖͘Ө‫ڹ‬Λ༩͑ΔཁҼͷҰͭͰ͋Δɽപ෵ʢ1982ʣ͸ 2 छྨͷཻ‫ܘ‬ͷΨϥεϏʔζʹ͓͚Δ೤఻ಋ཰ͷਫ෼ґଘੑʹ͍ͭͯௐ΂ɼ௿‫ؚ‬ਫҬͰ͸ཻ‫ܘ‬ͷେ͖ͳΨϥεϏʔζͷํ͕೤఻ಋ཰
͸ߴ͍ҰํͰɼߴ‫ؚ‬ਫҬͰ͸ཻ‫ܘ‬ͷখ͞ͳΨϥεϏʔζͷํ͕೤఻ಋ཰͸ߴ͘ͳΔ͜ͱΛࣔͨ͠ɽSmits et al.
ʢ2008ʣ͸ɼཻ‫ܘ‬ͷҟͳΔ 4 छྨͷ‫ࢼ࠭ͳ࣭ۉ‬ྉΛ༻͍౔৕தͷ೤Ҡಈ‫ݱ‬৅ͷཧղ͸ɼ೶஍ʹ͓͚Δద੾ͳ࡞ͯ೤఻ಋ཰ͷਫ෼ґଘੑΛௐ΂ɼ‫ס‬૩ີ౓ͷҧ͍ʹൺ΂෺؅ཧɼഇ‫غ‬෺ॲ෼৔ʹ͓͚Δ҆ఆԽଅਐɼԚછ౔৕ͷ‫ݪ‬ཻ‫ܘ‬ͷҧ͍͕೤఻ಋ཰ʹ༩͑ΔӨ‫ڹ‬͸খ͍͜͞ͱΛใࠂҐஔ೤ॲཧͷ࠷దԽͳͲͷ‫͔఺؍‬ΒඇৗʹॏཁͰ͋Δɽ

ͨ͠ɽMidttomme and Roaldsetʢ1998ʣ͸ɼཻ‫ܘ‬ͷҟͳ౔৕தͷ೤Ҡಈ‫ݱ‬৅͸ɼ೤఻ಋ཰΍ମੵ೤༰ྔͱ͍ͬͨ

Δੴӳ࠭Λ༻͍ͯ೤఻ಋ཰Λଌఆ͠ɼཻ‫͕ܘ‬খ͘͞ͳΔ

೤ಛੑʹΑͬͯද‫͞ݱ‬ΕΔɽ౔৕ͷ೤ಛੑ͸ɼਫ෼ྔ΍ʹै͍೤఻ಋ཰͕௿Լ͢Δ݁ՌΛಘͨɽ͜ͷཧ༝ͱͯ͠

‫ס‬૩ີ౓ͳͲͷ౔৕ͷ෺ཧಛੑʹେ͖͘Ө‫ڹ‬Λड͚Δɽཻ‫͕ܘ‬খ͍͞ࢼྉ΄Ͳɼ೤Ҡಈͷ఍߅ͱͳΔ౔ཻࢠؒͷҰൠతʹɼ౔৕ͷ೤఻ಋ཰͓Αͼମੵ೤༰ྔ͸ਫ෼ྔͷ઀৮͕૿Ճ͢ΔͨΊͱઆ໌͍ͯ͠Δɽ౔ཻࢠͷཻࢠ‫ܗ‬ঢ়૿Ճͱͱ΋ʹ૿Ճ͠ɼಛʹ೤఻ಋ཰͸ɼઈ‫ס‬ঢ়ଶ͔ΒҰͷҧ͍͸ɼ౔ཻࢠಉ࢜ͷ઀఺਺΍࿈݁ੑʹӨ‫ڹ‬Λ༩͑Δɽ

ఆਫ෼ྖҬ·ͰͰ‫૿ʹܹٸ‬Ճ͢Δ͜ͱ͕஌ΒΕ͍ͯΔɽ

·ͨɼੴӳͳͲͷҰ࣍߭෺͸ɼ೪౔߭෺ͳͲͷೋ࣍߭෺·ͨɼ‫ݻ‬૬͸ӷ૬ · ‫ؾ‬૬ʹൺ΂೤఻ಋ཰͕ඇৗʹߴ͘ɼ‫ס‬ʹൺ΂೤఻ಋ཰͕ߴ͍ͨΊɼੴӳ‫ؚ‬༗཰ͷ૿Ճ͸ࢼྉதͷ೤఻ಋ཰Λ૿Ճͤ͞Δɽ͜ͷΑ͏ͳཻࢠͷཻࢠ‫ܗ‬ঢ়΍

1 Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255

Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan. Corresponding authorɿ‫ٱ߶ాࢤי‬ɼ࡛‫ۄ‬େֶେֶӃཧ޻ֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պ
2 Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
3 National Cooperative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste, Hardstrasse73, 5430 Wettingen, Switzerland.
2012 ೥ 10 ݄ 16 ೔डߘɹ 2013 ೥ 1 ݄ 28 ೔डཧੴӳ‫ؚ‬༗཰ͷӨ‫͍ͯͭʹڹ‬͸ɼ‫ط‬ԟͷ೤఻ಋ཰༧ଌϞσϧͷதͰϞσϧύϥϝʔλͱͯ͠૊Έࠐ·Ε͍ͯΔʢdeVries, 1963; Johansen, 1975ʣɽ্‫ه‬ͷΑ͏ʹɼ౔ཻࢠͷཻ‫ܗ · ܘ‬ঢ়ɼੴӳ‫ؚ‬༗཰͸౔৕ͷ೤ಛੑʹେ͖͘Ө‫ڹ‬Λ༩͑Δ΋ͷͷɼ͜ΕΒͷཁҼ͕೤఻ಋ཰ʹ༩͑Δෳ߹తͳӨ‫͍ͯͭʹڹ‬͸े෼ཧղ͞Ε౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 124 ߸ɹ (2013)12
Table 1 ࠭ࢼྉͷ෺ཧಛੑɽ
Physical properties for sands.
SampleGlass beads

Accusand

NaritaGranusil
ToyouraParticle size

Porosityd50 (mm)Φ (m3 m−3 )Particledensityρs (Mg m−3 )Dry bulk
densityρb (Mg m−3 )

0.22
0.53
0.36
0.53
0.71
1.11
0.18
0.34
0.64
0.20
0.31
0.50
0.72
0.19

0.40
0.40
0.33
0.33
0.32
0.32
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.40

2.55
2.62
2.66
2.65
2.65
2.65
2.70
2.63
2.60
2.65
2.66
2.66
2.65
2.64

1.53
1.57
1.77
1.79
1.80
1.81
1.62
1.58
1.56
1.60
1.61
1.61
1.62
1.58

͍ͯͳ͍ɽ͜ΕΒͷӨ‫ڹ‬Λਖ਼֬ʹ೺Ѳ͢Δ͜ͱ͸ɼ౔৕ͷ෺ཧతಛੑʹՃ͑౔ཻࢠͷඍࡉߏ଄Λߟྀͨ͠ɼΑΓ

Quartzcontent
Q (%)

Roundness

Sphericity

R

S

-

1.00

1.00

99.8

0.80

0.80

33.7

0.30

0.73

77.4

0.20

0.70

75.0

0.25

0.74

2.2 ࣮‫ํݧ‬๏ਫ਼౓ͷߴ͍೤ಛੑ༧ଌϞσϧͷߏஙΛ໨ࢦ্͢Ͱඇৗʹ෩‫ס‬ঢ়ଶͷࢼྉΛ Table 1 ʹࣔ͢‫ס‬૩ີ౓Ͱɼ಺‫ ܘ‬5.6
cmɼ௕͞ 4.1 cmɼ༰ੵ 100 cm3 ͷεςϯϨε੡ԁ౵༰ॏཁͰ͋Δɽैͬͯຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼཻ‫ܘ‬ɼ‫ܗ‬ঢ়ɼੴӳ‫ؚ‬༗‫ॆʹث‬రͨ͠ɽॆర͸ɼԁ౵༰‫ʹث‬࿙ేΛ༻͍ͯࢼྉΛ཰ͷҟͳΔ࠭ࢼྉΛ༻͍ͯ࠭ͷ೤ಛੑΛଌఆ͠ɼ౔ཻࢠ

ೖΕɼλοϐϯάʹΑΔಥ͖‫ݻ‬Ίૢ࡞Λ 8 ճʹ෼͚ͯͷඍࡉߏ଄΍߭෺૊੒ͷҧ͍ͳͲͷ༷ʑͳཁҼ͕೤ಛੑߦͬͨɽ֤ࢼྉΛਫͰ๞࿨ͤͨ͞‫ޙ‬ɼॴఆͷαΫγϣϯ
ͷਫ෼ґଘੑʹ༩͑ΔӨ‫ڹ‬Λௐ΂Δ͜ͱΛ໨తͱͨ͠ɽ ʢcmʣͰࢼྉதͷ౔৕ਫΛஈ֊తʹഉਫͤͨ͞ʢ70 cm
·ͨɼ࣮ଌσʔλʹ‫ط‬ԟͷ༧ଌϞσϧΛద༻͢Δͱͱ΋·Ͱʣɽ֤ࢼྉʹ͖࣮ͭ‫ݧ‬͸ 3 ൓෮ߦͬͨɽ֤αΫγϣʹɼͦͷϞσϧʹվྑΛՃ͑ͦͷద߹ੑΛ‫ݕ‬౼ͨ͠ɽɹ

ϯஈ֊Ͱɼࢼྉͷ೤ಛੑΛଌఆͨ͠ɽ೤ಛੑͷଌఆʹ͸ɼ

2. ํ๏

KD2-ProʢDecagon ࣾ੡ʣͷ 2 ઢࣜϓϩʔϒʢSH-1ʣΛ༻͍ͨɽ2 ઢࣜϓϩʔϒ͸ยํͷϓϩʔϒ͔Β೤Λൃੜ

2.1 ࢼྉ
ຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼ‫ܗ‬ঢ়͓Αͼཻ‫ܘ‬ͷҟͳΔ࠭ࢼྉͱͯ͠ɼΨϥεϏʔζʢฏ‫ ܘཻۉ‬0.22ɼ0.53 mmʣɼAccusandʢฏ‫ۉ‬ཻ‫ ܘ‬0.36, 0.53, 0.71, 1.11 mmʣ
ɼ੒ా࠭ʢฏ‫ ܘཻۉ‬0.18,

0.34, 0.64 mmʣɼGranusilʢฏ‫ ܘཻۉ‬0.20, 0.31, 0.50, 0.72mmʣɼ͓Αͼ๛Ӝ࠭ʢฏ‫ ܘཻۉ‬0.19 mmʣΛ༻͍ͨʢTable1ʣɽͤ͞ɼ΋͏ҰํͷϓϩʔϒͰ೤Ԡ౴ʢ೤ͷ౸ୡ࣌ؒɼԹ
౓มԽʣΛ‫ܭ‬ଌ͢Δ͜ͱͰ೤ಛੑΛଌఆ͢Δ΋ͷͰ͋Δɽ
ଌఆ͸ࣨԹ 20 ◦ C ͷ߃Թࣨ಺Ͱߦͬͨɽ

3. ݁Ռ͓Αͼߟ࡯
3.1 ౔ཻࢠͷཻ‫ܗ · ܘ‬ঢ়‫ͼٴ‬ੴӳ‫ؚ‬༗཰ͷӨ‫ڹ‬શͯͷ࠭ࢼྉʹ͓͚Δ೤఻ಋ཰ λ ͱମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ θ ͷTable 1 ʹ Accusand, ੒ా࠭ɼGranusilɼ๛Ӝ࠭ͷੴӳ‫ؚ‬༗཰ Q Λࣔͨ͠ɽAccusand, ੒ా࠭ɼGranusil ͷੴӳؔ܎͓Αͼମੵ೤༰ྔ C ͱମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͷؔ܎Λ Fig. 1 ʹ‫ؚ‬༗཰͸ɼภޫ‫ݦ‬ඍ‫ڸ‬Λ༻͍ͯࢼྉதͷੴӳཻࢠ਺Λ‫؍‬͖ʹ͸খ͍͕͞ମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͷ૿Ճʹͱ΋ͳͬͯ‫૿ʹܹٸ‬ࣔͨ͠ɽҰൠతͳ‫ڍ‬ಈͱͯ͠ɺ೤఻ಋ཰͸ઈ‫ס‬ঢ়ଶͷͱ࡯͢Δ͜ͱͰಘͨɽ๛Ӝ࠭ͷੴӳ‫ؚ‬༗཰͸ɼOdaʢ1972ʣ

Ճ͢Δɽ·ͨɼମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ 0.05 ∼ 0.10 Λ‫ʹڥ‬ମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫʹΑΔจ‫ݙ‬஋Ͱ͋ΔɽTable 1 ͷ RɼS ͸ͦΕͧΕ౔ཻࢠ཰ͷ্ঢʹͱ΋ͳ͏೤఻ಋ཰ͷ૿Ճ཰͕௿Լͨ͠ɽ͜ͷͷ Roundnessʢԁຏ౓ʣɼSphericityʢਅ‫౓ٿ‬ʣΛࣔ͢ɽR

೤఻ಋ཰ͷ૿Ճ཰͕มԽ͢Δ఺Λ೤఻ಋ཰ͷม‫ ఺ۂ‬θ ∗͸ Youdʢ1973ʣʹै͍ɼ֤ࢼྉͷ࠷େؒܺൺ·ͨ͸࠷খͱఆٛͨ͠ɽΨϥεϏʔζ͸ଞͷ࠭ࢼྉʹൺ΂೤఻ಋ཰ؒܺൺͱཻ‫ܘ‬෼෍ͷ‫ۉ‬౳܎਺͔Βؒ઀తʹ‫ٻ‬Ίͨɽͦͷ͕௿͔ͬͨɽҰํͰɼੴӳ‫ؚ‬༗཰ͷߴ͍ Accusand ͸ɼҟ݁Ռɼ੒ా࠭ɼGranusilɼ๛Ӝ࠭͸ R ஋͕௿͘ɼૈཻ͍

ͳΔਫ෼৚݅ͰଞͷࢼྉΑΓ΋ߴ͍೤఻ಋ཰Λࣔͨ͠ɽࢠ‫ܗ‬ঢ়Λ༗͓ͯ͠ΓɼΨϥεϏʔζɼAccusand ͸ R ஋

Fig. 1b ʹࣔ͢Α͏ʹମੵ೤༰ྔ͸ɼࢼྉʹΑΒͣମੵ͕ߴ͘‫׈‬Β͔ͳཻࢠ‫ܗ‬ঢ়Λ༗͢Δࢼྉͱ෼ྨͨ͠ɽS ͸‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͷ૿Ճʹͱ΋ͳ͍Ұ༷ʹ૿Ճͨ͠ɽҰൠʹମੵ೤౔ཻࢠΛପԁ‫͠ͳݟͱܗ‬ɼͦͷ௕࣠ͱ୹࣠ͷൺΛද͢ɽ༰ྔ͸֤૬ʢ‫ݻ‬૬ɼӷ૬ɼ‫ؾ‬૬ʣͷଘࡏׂ߹ͱൺ೤ͷੵS ͸֤ࢼྉʹରͯ͠ϥϯμϜʹબൈͨ͠౔ཻࢠʢ100 ‫ݸ‬ఔ౓ʣʹରͯ͠ɼScion Image ʢScion corporationʣΛ༻͍ͨը૾ղੳ͔ΒಘΒΕͨɽS ஋͸ࢼྉؒͰ‫ݦ‬ஶͳҧ͍͔Β‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕΔɽ‫ط‬ԟͷจ‫ݙ‬஋͔Β‫ݻ‬૬ɼӷ૬ɼ‫ؾ‬૬ͷ͕ΈΒΕͳ͔ͬͨɽ

͢Δମੵ೤༰ྔͷ‫݁ࢉܭ‬ՌΛ࣮ઢͰදͨ͠ɽઈ‫ס‬ঢ়ଶɼମੵ೤༰ྔΛͦΕͧΕ 2.1, 4.2, 0 MJ m−3 K−1 ͱ͠ʢ‫ٶ‬࡚Βɼ2005ʣɼ‫ݻ‬૬཰Λ 0.6 ͱͨ͠৔߹ͷମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ʹର࿦จɿҟͳΔਫ෼৚݅Λ༗͢Δ࠭ͷ೤ಛੑɿཻࢠͷཻ‫ܗ · ܘ‬ঢ়ɼ͓Αͼੴӳ‫ؚ‬༗཰ͷӨ‫ڹ‬

13

Fig. 1 શࢼྉͷ (a) ೤఻ಋ཰ͱ (b) ମੵ೤༰ྔɽ
(a) Thermal conductivity and (b) heat capacity as a function of volumetric water content for all samples.

Fig. 2 (a) Accusand (0.36 mm) ͱ (b) ੒ా࠭ (0.34 mm) ʹ͓͚Δ೤఻ಋ཰ͷਫ෼ґଘੑͱਫ෼ಛੑ‫ۂ‬ઢɽ
Thermal conductivity as a function of volumetric water content and water retention curves for (a) Accusand(0.36 mm) and (b) Narita (0.34 mm).

෼ґଘੑͷҰྫͱͯ͠ɼAccusandʢ0.36 mmʣͱ੒ా࠭

G1 , G2 , θ ∗ ΛϑΟοςΟϯάύϥϝʔλͱ͠ɼ্ࣜΛ֤ࢼྉͷ೤఻ಋ཰ଌఆ஋ʹରͯ͠ద༻ͨ͠ɽλ ∗ ͸ θ = θ ∗࣌ͷ೤఻ಋ཰Ͱ͋ΔɽFig. 2 தͷ఺ઢ͸ɼAccusand ɹ
ʢ0.36 mmʣͱ੒ా࠭ʢ0.34 mmʣʹରͯ͠ಘΒΕͨ θ ∗Λද͍ͯ͠Δɽਫ෼ಛੑ‫ۂ‬ઢʹରͯ͠ VG ϞσϧΛద༻͠ಘΒΕͨ࢒ཹਫ෼཰ θr ͱ θ ∗ ͷؔ܎Λ Fig. 3a ʹࣔ͢ɽθr ͱ θ ∗ ͷؔ܎͸ࢼྉʹΑΒͣ໌ྎͳઢ‫܎ؔܗ‬ʢθ ∗ =1.26θr ʣʹ͋Δ͜ͱ͕෼͔ͬͨɽཻ‫ ͱܘ‬θ ∗ ͷؔ܎Λ Fig. 3b ʹࣔ͢ɽฏ‫͕ܘཻۉ‬େ͖͍΄Ͳ θ ∗ ͸௿Լ͢Δ

ʢ0.34 mmʣͷਫ෼ಛੑ‫ۂ‬ઢͱɼ೤఻ಋ཰ͱମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͷ܏޲͕ΈΒΕͨɽ౔ཻࢠؒͷϝχεΧεਫͷଘࡏ͸ɼ౔ؔ܎Λ Fig. 2 ʹࣔ͢ɽਤதͷഁઢ͸ɼਫ෼ಛੑ‫ۂ‬ઢʹରཻࢠؒΛ௨ͨ͠೤఻ಋΛඈ༂తʹଅਐͤ͞Δɽैͬͯಘ

͢Δ van GenuchtenʢVGʣϞσϧͷϑΟοςΟϯά݁ՌΒΕͨ݁Ռ͔Βɼཻ‫͕ܘ‬େ͖͘ൺද໘ੵ͕খ͍͞౔ཻࢠ

Λද͢ɽମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͷ্ঢʹͱ΋ͳ͏೤఻ಋ཰ͷ૿Ճ཰Ͱߏ੒͞ΕΔ࠭ࢼྉͰ͸ɼ౔ཻࢠؒͷϝχεΧεਫΛ‫ܗ‬Λ G ͱ͠ɼθ ≤ θ ∗ʢRegion 1ʣɼθ ∗ < θʢRegion 2ʣྖҬ੒͢ΔͨΊͷਫ෼ྔ͕গͳ͍ͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ

๞࿨ঢ়ଶͰ͸࣮‫ݧ‬஋ͱ‫ࢉܭ‬஋͸΄΅ಉ͡஋Λ͕ࣔͨ͠ɼ
ମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ 0.3 ෇ۙͰ͸‫ࢉܭ‬஋ΑΓ΋௿͍஋Λ͍ࣔͯ͠Δɽ͜ͷ͜ͱ͔Βɼपғͷ‫ؾ‬૬ͷଘࡏʹΑΓӷ૬ͷ࿈݁ੑ્͕֐͞Εɼ೤Ҡಈʹ‫د‬༩͠ͳ͍౔৕ਫ͕ଘࡏ͢Δ͜
ͱ͕ࣔࠦ͞Εͨɽ·ͨϓϩʔϒͱࢼྉؒͷ઀৮͕ෆ‫׬‬શͰ͋ΔՄೳੑͳͲɼ͜ΕΒͷཧ༝ʹ͍ͭͯ͸͞Βʹ‫ݕ‬౼͕ඞཁͰ͋Δɽ֤ࢼྉʹରͯ͠ಘΒΕͨਫ෼ಛੑ‫ۂ‬ઢͱ೤఻ಋ཰ͷਫʹ͓͚Δ G ΛɼͦΕͧΕ G1 ɼG2 ͱ͢Δͱɼ֤ਫ෼ྖҬମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͷ্ঢʹͱ΋ͳ͏೤఻ಋ཰ͷ૿Ճ཰ G ͱฏ‫ܘཻۉ‬ͷؔ܎Λ Fig. 4 ʹࣔ͢ɽθ ≤ θ ∗ ྖҬͰ͸ɼશʹର͢Δ೤఻ಋ཰͸࣍ࣜͰද͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽλ = λdry + G1 × θ(θ ≤ θ ∗ )(1)

λ = G 2 (θ − θ ∗ ) + λ ∗(θ ∗ < θ )(2)ࢼྉʹཻ͓͍ͯ‫͕ܘ‬େ͖͘ͳΔʹͭΕͯ G1 ஋͸૿Ճ͠
ͨʢFig. 4aʣɽͦͷ૿Ճ཰͸ද໘͕ૈ͍ʢR ஋͕௿͍ʣࢼ
ྉʹ͓͍ͯߴ͘ͳΔ݁Ռ͕ಘΒΕͨɽҰํͰɼද໘͕‫׈‬౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 124 ߸ɹ (2013)14

Fig. 3 ೤఻ಋ཰ͷม‫( ͱ఺ۂ‬a) ࢒ཹ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰͓Αͼ (b) ฏ‫ͱܘཻۉ‬ͷؔ܎ɽ(a) Inﬂection point of thermal conductivity as a function of residual water content. (b) Inﬂection point of thermal
conductivity as a function of particle size.

Fig. 4 (a) θ ≤ θ ∗ ྖҬͱ (b) θ ∗ < θ ྖҬͷਫ෼ྔͷ૿Ճʹͱ΋ͳ͏೤఻ಋ཰ͷ૿Ճ཰ɽ
Gradient of thermal conductivity with volumetric water content for different sands under (a) region 1 (θ ≤ θ ∗ )and (b) region 2 (θ ∗ < θ ).

Β͔ͳʢR ஋͕ߴ͍ʣࢼྉͰ͸ཻ‫ʹܘ‬ΑΔ G1 ஋ͷมԽ͸খ͔ͬͨ͞ɽ͜ͷ͜ͱ͔Βɼද໘͕ૈ͍ࢼྉͰ͸ɼཻͨ͠ɽ

λdry /Vs = 0.38

(3)‫ܘ‬ͷ૿େʹΑΓ౔ཻࢠҰ‫ݸ‬౰ͨΓͷ઀఺਺͕૿Ճ͢Δ͜
ͱͰɼਫ෼૿Ճʹͱ΋ͳ͏‫͚͔ݟ‬ͷ౔ཻࢠؒͷ઀৮໘ੵͷ૿Ճɼ͢ͳΘͪ౔ཻࢠ—ਫ—౔ཻࢠΛհͨ͠೤఻ಋ͕
ଅਐ͞Εͨ͜ͱ͕ߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ·ͨɼੴӳ‫ؚ‬༗཰ͷߴ͍

Accusand Ͱ͸ɼཻ‫ʹܘ‬ΑΒͣߴ͍ G1 ஋͕ಘΒΕͨɽθ ∗ < θ ྖҬʹ͓͚Δ G2 ʹؔͯ͠͸ɼFig. 4b ʹࣔ͢Α͏ʹɼಉྨͷࢼྉʹ͓͚Δࠩ͸‫ݦ‬ஶʹΈΒΕͳ͔ͬͨɽ
͔͠͠ɼG1 ͱಉ༷ʹɼੴӳ‫ؚ‬༗཰ͷଟ͍ࢼྉ΄Ͳ G2 ͕
ߴ͘ͳΔ݁Ռ͕ಘΒΕͨɽ࣪५ྖҬͰ͸೤఻ಋͷ‫ܦ‬࿏͕
౔ཻࢠ—ϝχεΧεਫ—౔ཻࢠʹࢧ഑͞ΕΔ௿‫ؚ‬ਫྖҬͱҟͳΓɼ౔ཻࢠͱਫͷࠞ߹ମΛΑΓฏ‫ۉ‬తʹ೤͕఻ಋ͢ΔϝΧχζϜ͕୎ӽ͢Δͱߟ͑ΒΕΔͨΊɼθ ≤ θ ∗ ྖҬͰΈΒΕͨΑ͏ͳ઀఺਺ͷҧ͍ʹΑΔ೤఻ಋ཰૿େޮ
Ռ͸খ͍͞ͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ

3.2 ‫ط‬ԟͷϞσϧࣜͷ‫ূݕ‬୯Ґ‫ݻ‬૬཰ Vs ౰ͨΓͷ೤఻ಋ཰ͱੴӳ‫ؚ‬༗཰ͷؔ܎ҰํͰɼ๞࿨ঢ়ଶͰ͸ੴӳ‫ؚ‬༗཰ͷ૿Ճͱͱ΋ʹ୯Ґ‫ݻ‬૬཰౰ͨΓͷ೤఻ಋ཰͸૿Ճͨ͠ɽ

λsat /Vs = 0.02Q + 1.67

(4)͜ͷ͜ͱ͔Βɼؒܺதͷ౔৕ਫͷଘࡏ͕ɼ೤఻ಋ཰ͷߴ͍ੴӳΛ௨ͨ͠೤ҠಈΛଅਐͤ͞Δͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽຊ‫ͯʹڀݚ‬ಘΒΕͨ೤఻ಋ཰ͷଌఆ݁Ռʹରͯ͠ɼ·ͣ͸‫ط‬ԟͷ༧ଌϞσϧࣜΛద༻͠ɼͦͷଥ౰ੑΛ‫ݕ‬౼ͨ͠ɽ‫ط‬ԟͷϞσϧͱͯ͠ Johansenʢ1975ʣͱ Côté

and Konradʢ2005ʣʹఏҊ͞ΕͨϞσϧࣜΛద༻ͨ͠ɽ
Johansen Ϟσϧ͸࣍ࣜͰද͞ΕΔɽ
λ = λsat − λdry Ke + λdry

(5a)

Ke ∼
= 0.7 log Sr + 1.0 ɹɹ (Sr > 0.05)(5b)Λ Fig. 5 ʹࣔ͢ɽFig. 5a, 5b ͸ͦΕͧΕઈ‫ס‬ঢ়ଶɼ๞࿨ঢ়ଶͷ஋Λ͍ࣔͯ͠Δɽઈ‫ס‬ঢ়ଶͰͷ୯Ґ‫ݻ‬૬཰౰ͨΓͷ೤఻ಋ཰͸ɼ͢΂ͯͷࢼྉʹ͓͍ͯ΄΅Ұఆ஋Λࣔ͜͜Ͱ Ke ͸೤఻ಋ཰ͷਫ෼ґଘੑΛද͠ɼ๞࿨౓ʢSr ʣͷؔ਺ͱͯ͠ද͞ΕΔɽ·ͨɼ๞࿨ঢ়ଶɼઈ‫ס‬ঢ়ଶͷ೤࿦จɿҟͳΔਫ෼৚݅Λ༗͢Δ࠭ͷ೤ಛੑɿཻࢠͷཻ‫ܗ · ܘ‬ঢ়ɼ͓Αͼੴӳ‫ؚ‬༗཰ͷӨ‫ڹ‬

15

Fig. 5 (a) ઈ‫ס‬ঢ়ଶɼ͓Αͼ (b) ๞࿨ঢ়ଶͷ‫ݻ‬૬཰౰ͨΓͷ೤఻ಋ཰ͱੴӳ‫ؚ‬༗཰ͷؔ܎ɽNormalized thermal conductivity byvolumetric solid content as a function of quartz content for sands under (a) completely dry condition and (b) water saturation.

Fig. 6 (a) ‫ط‬ԟͷ೤఻ಋ཰ϞσϧʹΑΔ༧ଌ஋ͱ࣮‫ݧ‬஋ͱͷൺֱɼ(b) मਖ਼೤఻ಋ཰ϞσϧʹΑΔ༧ଌ஋ͱ࣮‫ݧ‬஋ͱͷൺֱɽ(a) Scatter plots for comparison of model performances for existing models for thermal conductivity. (b) Scatter plots for comparisonof model performances for modiﬁed existing models for thermal conductivity.

఻ಋ཰ʢλsat ͓Αͼ λdry ʣ͸࣍ࣜͰද‫͞ݱ‬ΕΔɽ

ఏҊ͍ͯ͠Δɽλsat = λs (1−Φ) λw Φ

(6)

λsat = χ 10−η Φ

λdry = (0.135ρb + 64.7) / (2700 − 0.947ρb )(7)͜͜ͰɼχʢW m−1 K−1 ʣͱ η ͸ɼཻࢠ‫ܗ‬ঢ়Λ୅ද͢Δ

͜͜ͰɼΦ ͸શؒܺ཰ɼρb ͸‫ס‬૩ີ౓ɼλs ͸‫ݻ‬૬ͷ೤఻ಋ཰ɼλw ͸ӷ૬ʢਫʣͷ೤఻ಋ཰ ʢ = 0.594 ʢW

m−1 K−1 ʣ, 20 ◦ CɼLu et al., 2007ʣͰ͋Δɽλs ͸ɼੴӳ‫ؚ‬༗཰ʢQ % ʣɼੴӳͷ೤఻ಋ཰ʢλq = 7.7 W m−1 K−1 ʣɼ͓ΑͼੴӳҎ֎ͷ߭෺੒෼ͷ೤఻ಋ཰ λo ʹΑͬͯ࣍ࣜͰද͞ΕΔɽ

(10)܎਺Ͱ͋ΓɼCôté and Konradʢ2005ʣͰ͸࠭ࢼྉʹ͓͍ͯͦΕͧΕ 0.75 W m−1 K−1 ɼ1.20 ΛఏҊ͍ͯ͠ΔɽCôté

and Konrad Ϟσϧʹ͓͚Δ λdry ͸ࣜʢ7ʣΛ༻͍ͨɽ
Johansen Ϟσϧͱ Côté and Konrad ϞσϧʹΑΔ༧ଌ
஋ͱຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬ಘΒΕͨશͯͷ࣮ଌ஋ͱͷൺֱΛ Fig. 6aʹࣔ͢ɽ྆Ϟσϧͱ΋ʹɼ೤఻ಋ཰ λ ͕ 1.5 (W m−1 K−1 )Ҏ্ͷߴ‫ؚ‬ਫൺ৚݅Ͱ͸ɼ༧ଌ஋͕࣮ଌ஋ΑΓ΋աେධλs = λqຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼλo

0.01Q

λo

(1−0.01Q)(8)

ͱͯ͠ 2.0 ʢW m−1 K−1 ʣΛ༻͍ͨ

ʢJohansen, 1975ʣɽ

Côté and Konrad Ϟσϧ͸ Johansen ϞσϧΛ‫ࣜʹݩ‬ʢ5bʣΛ࣍ࣜͷΑ͏ʹදͨ͠ɽՁͱͳͬͨɽ·ͨɼ೤఻ಋ཰ λ ͕ 1.0 (W m−1 K−1 ) ҎԼͷࢼྉͷҰ෦ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼ༧ଌ஋͕࣮ଌ஋Λ 3 ഒҎ্աେධՁ͢Δ݁Ռ͕ಘΒΕͨʢฏ‫ۉ‬ೋ৐‫ࠩޡ‬, RMSE

= 0.54ʣɽ࣍ʹɼຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬ಘΒΕͨઈ‫ס‬ঢ়ଶɼ๞࿨ঢ়ଶʹ͓͚Δ
೤఻ಋ཰ͷ‫ࣜݧܦ‬ʢࣜʢ3ʣɼࣜʢ4ʣʣΛ Johansen Ϟσϧʢࣜʢ6ʣ
ɼࣜʢ7ʣʣ͓Αͼ Côté and Konrad ϞσϧʢࣜKe = kSr / [1 + (k − 1) Sr ](9)͜͜Ͱɼk ͸ࢼྉͷ౔ੑʹґଘ͢Δ܎਺Ͱ͋Γɼຊ‫ݚ‬

ʢ7 ʣ
ɼࣜʢ10ʣ
ʣʹಋೖͨ͠ɽͦͷ݁ՌɼFig. 6b ʹࣔ͢Α͏ʹ Johansen ͓Αͼ Côté and Konrad Ϟσϧͷద༻ੑ͸େ෯ʹվળ͞ΕͨʢRMSE = 0.35ɼ0.37ʣɽ

‫Ͱڀ‬͸ Côté and Konradʢ2005ʣʹै͍ 3.55 Λ༻͍ͨɽҎ্ͷ௨ΓɼҟͳΔཻ‫ܘ‬ɼཻࢠ‫ܗ‬ঢ়ɼੴӳ‫ؚ‬༗཰Λ༗

·ͨɼCôté and Konradʢ2005ʣͰ͸ɼλsat ͱͯ࣍ࣜ͠Λ

͢Δ࠭ࢼྉʹ͓͍ͯ΋ɼઈ‫ · ס‬๞࿨ঢ়ଶͷਖ਼֬ͳ೤఻ಋ

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 124 ߸ɹ (2013)16཰Λߟྀ͢Δ͜ͱͰɼ྆Ϟσϧ͸ମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰૿Ճʹͱ΋

Côté, J. and Konrad J.-M. (2005): A generalized thermal con-ͳ͏೤఻ಋ཰ͷมԽΛద੾ʹධՁ͠ɼਫ਼౓ͷߴ͍༧ଌ͕

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ཻ͍ࢠ‫ܗ‬ঢ়ͷࢼྉʹ͓͍ͯฏ‫͕ܘཻۉ‬େ͖͍΄Ͳମੵ

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Εͨɽ࣪५ྖҬͰ͸ɼମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͷ্ঢʹͱ΋ͳ͏೤఻

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ɼ೔ຊֶज़ৼ‫ڵ‬ձ ೋࠃؒ‫ڞ‬ಉ‫ڀݚ‬ʢΞϝϦΧʣɼಠཱߦ੓๏
ਓՊֶٕज़ৼ‫ ߏػڵ‬CREST ϓϩδΣΫτ ͷิॿΛड͚
ͨɽ·ͨɼຊ‫ࢼ࠭ͨ͠༻࢖Ͱڀݚ‬ྉͷҰ෦͸ถࠃίϩϥυ߭ࢁେֶΑΓఏ‫ͯ͠ڙ‬௖͍ͨɽ͜͜ʹ‫ྱ͓͘ްͯ͠ه‬ਃ্͛͠·͢ɽ

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ཁࢫཻ‫ܗ · ܘ‬ঢ়ͷҟͳΔ࠭ࢼྉΛ༻͍ͯҟͳΔਫ෼৚݅Ͱ೤ಛੑΛଌఆͨ͠ɽମੵ೤༰ྔ͸ɼ౔ཻࢠͷཻ‫· ܘ‬‫ܗ‬ঢ়‫ͼٴ‬ੴӳ‫ؚ‬༗཰ʹΑΒͣɼಉମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰Ͱൺֱͨ͠৔߹ɼࢼྉؒͰ‫ݦ‬ஶͳࠩ͸ΈΒΕͳ͔ͬͨɽ‫ס‬૩ྖҬͰ͸ɼૈཻ͍ࢠ‫ܗ‬ঢ়ͷ࠭ࢼྉʹ͓͍ͯฏ‫͕ܘཻۉ‬େ͖͍΄Ͳମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͷ্ঢʹͱ΋ͳ͏೤఻ಋ
཰ͷ૿Ճ཰͕ߴ͘ͳΔ݁Ռ͕ಘΒΕͨɽҰํ࣪५ྖҬͰͷ೤఻ಋ཰ͷ૿Ճ཰͸ɼಉछͷࢼྉͰ͋Ε͹ཻ‫ʹܘ‬ΑΒͣ΄΅ҰఆͰ͋Γɼಉཻ‫ܘ‬ͷࢼྉͰൺֱ͢Δͱੴӳ‫ؚ‬༗཰ͷߴ͍ࢼྉ΄Ͳߴ͘ͳΔ݁Ռ͕ಘΒΕͨɽຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬ಘΒΕͨઈ‫ · ס‬๞࿨ঢ়ଶʹ͓͚Δ೤఻ಋ཰ͷ‫ࣜݧܦ‬Λ‫ط‬ଘͷ೤఻ಋ཰༧ଌϞσϧʹߟྀ
͢Δ͜ͱͰɼ೤఻ಋ཰ͷ༧ଌਫ਼౓͸վળ͞ΕͨɽΩʔϫʔυɿ೤ಛੑɼ࠭ɼ౔ཻࢠͷཻ‫ܘ‬ɼ౔ཻࢠͷ‫ܗ‬ঢ়ɼੴӳ‫ؚ‬༗཰

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

No. 124, p.17 ∼ 24 (2013)ଟप೾਺ి࣓୳ࠪ๏ʹΑΔ৿ྛͷ؅ཧ͕౔৕‫ʹڥ؀‬༩͑ΔӨ‫ڹ‬ධՁ‫ٶ‬ຊचະ 1 · ઒‫ ͔Ͳ·ݪ‬2 · ৿ɹ໵ੇࢤ 1 · फଜ޿ত 2 · Ҫख३Ұ࿠ 3 ·ߴ‫ڮ‬ֆཬಸ 2 · ถɹ߁ॆ 2 · ຤‫ܧ‬ɹ३ 1

Evaluation of management practices in forest soil environments using a multi-frequency
electromagnetic sounding system
Tamami MIYAMOTO 1 , Madoka KAWAHARA2 , Yasushi MORI1 , Hiroaki SOMURA2 , Jun’ichiro IDE3 ,Erina TAKAHASHI2 , Yasumichi YONE2 , and Atsushi SUETSUGU1

Abstract: A multi-frequency electromagnetic sounding
system (MFEM) enables non-destructive and instantaneous measurements of soil electrical conductivity (EC)proﬁles. Because agricultural and forest lands are possible sources of pollutant loads transported to aquatic environments, we applied MFEM to develop a procedure for
conducting efﬁcient soil environmental surveys for evaluation of management practices on forested lands. We investigated two types of forested sites: thinning sites (TS)and delayed thinning sites (DTS). The MFEM-EC data collected from surface soils were well correlated with the EC
data collected by a conventional sensor. MFEM-EC mapping revealed higher EC values in surface soils of DTS.
Delayed thinning had reduced understory vegetation andhydraulic conductivity of surface soils. Therefore, lowplant uptake and shallow inﬁltration of soluble salts would
have allowed them to remain in the surface soils of DTS.
Forest sites that had been fertilized as farmlands could also
be distinguished with an MFEM system. The proposed
MFEM system would be a useful tool for screening surveys of forested sites prior to detailed analysis of a wider
area.
Key Words : multi-frequency electromagnetic sounding,electrical conductivity, inﬁltration, soil environment

1. ͸͡Ίʹ
ۙ೥ɼ೔ຊͰ͸೶ߞ࡞ͷਰୀͱ஍ҬॅຽͷߴྸԽ͕ਐ
ߦ͓ͯ͠ΓɼͦΕʹͱ΋ͳ͍ɼ؅ཧ์‫͞غ‬ΕΔ೶ྛ஍͕૿͑࢝Ί͍ͯΔʢ೶ྛਫ࢈ল, 2012; େ‫ݪ‬, 2007ʣɽਫా΍ാ஍͕์ஔ͞ΕΔͱɼू໿త೶‫ʹۀ‬Αͬͯ౔৕தʹ஝ੵͨ͠ංྉ੒෼͕࡞෇͚ʹར༻͞Εͳ͍··ɼ‫ڧ‬Ӎͱͱ΋
1 Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama Uni-

versity, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan. Corresponding
authorɿ৿ɹ໵ੇࢤɼԬࢁେֶେֶӃ‫ڥ؀‬ੜ໋Պֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պ
2 Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan.
3 Joensuu Research Unit, Finnish Forest Research Institute, P.O. Box 68,
80101 Joensuu, Finland.
2012 ೥ 8 ݄ 29 ೔डߘɹ 2013 ೥ 4 ݄ 5 ೔डཧʹՏ઒ʹྲྀग़͢ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δɽ·ͨɼะ৔͔ΒӫཆԘΛ‫ؚ‬Ή౔͕࠭ྲྀ๢͢Δ՝୊͕ใࠂ͞Ε͓ͯΓɼ೶ྛ஍؅
ཧͷ͋Γํ͕ٞ࿦͞Ε͍ͯΔʢେᖒΒ, 2004a, 2004bʣɽ৿ྛʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɼੲ͸ఆ‫ظ‬తʹߦΘΕ͍ͯͨؒെʹ஗ΕͳͲ͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕΔΑ͏ʹͳΓɼྛচ΁ͷޫͷःஅ͔ΒԼ૚২ੜ͕ශऑԽ͍ͯ͠Δྫ͕ใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔʢਗ਼໺, 1988;
Ըా, 2008; ‫ٴ‬઒, 1977; ౬઒Β, 1995ʣɽ౔஍ͷར༻ঢ়‫ʹگ‬Ө‫͞ڹ‬ΕΔ໘‫ݯ‬ෛՙʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼ͜
Ε·ͰྲྀҬͷਫ‫ڥ؀‬Λத৺ʹௐࠪ͞Ε͖ͯͨʢࠃ౔ަ௨
লՏ઒‫ہ‬, 2006ʣɽྲྀҬશମͷௐࠪʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɼՏ઒ਫΛ࠾औ · ෼ੳ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯɼՏ઒ͷԚ୙ෛՙྔΛ‫ܭ‬ଌ͠ɼԚ୙ෛՙ‫ݯ‬Λਪఆ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ଟ͘ߦΘΕ͓ͯΓɼେ͖ͳ੒ՌΛಘ͍ͯΔʢ෢ా, 2002; ҏ౻Β, 2004ʣɽ͔͠͠ɼՏ઒ਫΛத৺ͱ͢Δਫ‫ڥ؀‬ͷσʔλ͸໘‫ݯ‬ෛՙൃੜͷ݁ՌͰ͋ΔͨΊɼ৿ྛ΍ాാ͔ΒͷൃੜͷաఔΛߟ࡯
͢Δ͜ͱ͸೉͍͠ɽ·ͨɼਫ͕ଘࡏ͢Δ৔ॴͰͳ͚Ε͹ࢼྉͷ࠾औࣗମ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ɽͦͷͨΊɼສวͳ͘ྲྀҬશମΛௐࠪ͢Δ͜ͱ͸ࠔ೉Ͱ͋Δɽ
Ԛ୙ෛՙൃੜͷաఔΛௐ΂Δํ๏ͱͯ͠ɼҰൠతʹ͸౔৕ௐ͕ࠪߦΘΕ͍ͯΔʢ࢙Β, 2002ʣɽ͔͠͠ɼ೶ྛ
஍Ͱͷ౔৕ௐࠪ͸ௐࠪൣғ͕޿ҬͰ͋ΔͨΊɼେมͳ࿑ྗͱ͕࣌ؒඞཁͰ͋Δɽ·ͨɼ౔৕ௐࠪͰΞΫηεͰ͖Δͷ͸஍ද͔Β͍͍ͤͥ਺े cm ·ͰͰ͋Δʢ৿Β,
2010aʣɽ͞Βʹɼࢲ༗஍ͷะ৔Λ۷Δ౔৕ௐࠪʹ͸஍‫ݖ‬ऀͷཧղ͕ಘʹ͍͘৔߹΋͋Γɼଟ఺ͰͷௐࠪΛ࣮‫Ͱݱ‬͖ͳ͍͜ͱ͕͋Δɽ
ͦ͜Ͱɼ໘‫ݯ‬ෛՙͷ‫͋Ͱݯ‬Δ౔৕‫ڥ؀‬ͷௐࠪΛɼଟप೾਺ి࣓୳ࠪ๏ʢMcNeil, 1980; Ward and Hohmann,

1987ʣΛ༻͍ͯɼ޿ൣғΛޮ཰త͔ͭ୹࣌ؒʹߦ͏͜ͱΛߟ͑ͨɽ͜ͷ୳ࠪ๏Ͱ͸ɼҟͳΔෳ਺ͷप೾਺͝ͱʹి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͱଳ࣓཰ʢWon et al., 1996; ޫാΒ, 2005ʣ͕ಘΒΕɼ͜ΕΒͷ஍൫தͷ৘ใ͸ɼ஍໘ʹ;ΕΔ͜ͱͳ
͘ඇഁյతʹಘΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ͞Βʹɼ͜ΕΒͷ਺஋͸ඵ୯ҐͰಘΒΕΔͨΊਝ଎ʹ౔৕ · ஍൫‫ڥ؀‬Λௐࠪ͢
Δ͜ͱ͕ՄೳͰ͋ΔʢHuang and Won, 2000ʣɽൺ఍߅๏

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 124 ߸ɹ (2013)18

Ͱ͸౸ୡਂ౓ΛಘΔͨΊʹ޿͍ి‫͕཭ڑؒۃ‬ඞཁͰ͋ΔมԽΛௐ΂Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔɽҰൠʹɼप೾਺ͱਂ౓ͷؔ

ʢKeller and Frischknecht, 1966ʣ͕ɼଟप೾਺ి࣓୳ࠪ๏

܎͸ɼप೾਺͕ߴ͍ి࣓೾͸ઙ૚෦෼ͷ஍൫ঢ়‫گ‬ΛɼपͰ͸प೾਺Λม͑Δ͜ͱͰඞཁͳ౸ୡਂ౓ͷ৘ใ͕ಘΒ೾਺͕௿͍ి࣓೾͸ਂ૚෦෼ͷ஍൫ͷঢ়‫گ‬Λ൓ө͢Δɽ

ΕΔͨΊɼগਓ਺Ͱௐ͕࣮ࠪࢪͰ͖Δɽ·ͨి࣓೾Λ৵ͨͩ͠஍࣭ͷӨ‫ڹ‬΋ಉ࣌ʹ൓ө͞ΕΔ͜ͱͱɼ఍߅஋͕

ೖͤͨ͞஍఺Ͱಉ࣌ʹσʔλΛऔಘ͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊɼϙΠେ͖͍৔߹ʹ͸஋ͷมԽΛͱΒ͑ʹ͍ͨ͘Ί஫ҙ͕ඞཁϯτຖʹશͯͷσʔλ͕୯ಠͰಘΒΕɼൺ఍߅τϞάϥͰ͋ΔɽϑΟʔͷΑ͏ͳ‫ٯ‬ղੳΛඞཁͱ͠ͳ͍ɽ
ͳҧ͍Λநग़͢ΔͨΊʹి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓໿ 100 mS m−1 ͷมௐࠪʹ͸ଟप೾਺ి࣓୳ࠪ๏ʢMcNeil, 1980; Ward andHohmann, 1987ʣΛ༻͍ͨɽ͜Ε͸ి‫཭ڑؒۃ‬ΛมԽ͞
ͤΔ୅ΘΓʹɼ1 ඵҎ಺ʹ࠷େ 5 ͭͷप೾਺Λ஍໘ʹ৵ԽΛ୳ࠪ͢Δ࣮‫͕ݧ‬ʢޫാΒ, 2005ʣ
ɼ·ͨւ‫؛‬ฏ໺Ͱ͸ɼ

ೖͤ͞Δɽप೾਺ຖʹి࣓೾ͷ౸ୡਂ౓͕ҟͳΔͨΊɼԘਫͱਅਫͱ͍ͬͨՄ༹ੑԘྨͷೱ౓ͷେ͖ͳҧ͍Λ‫ݕ‬ͦͷ஍൫͔ΒͷԠ౴Ͱ͋Δి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓Λ΋ͬͯଟਂ౓ͷ

ग़͢ΔͨΊʹి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓໿ 1000 mS m−1 ͷมԽʹ͍ͭ౔৕ · ஍൫‫ڥ؀‬Λߟ࡯͢Δ΋ͷͰ͋ΔʢHuang and Won,ͯ୳͕ࠪʢMitsuhata et al., 2006ʣߦΘΕ͍ͯΔɽຊ‫ڀݚ‬

2000; ޫാΒ, 2005ʣɽͳ͓ɼ‫ܭ‬ଌͰ͸ಉ࣌ʹଳ࣓཰͕ಘ

Ͱର৅ͱ͢Δ೶஍΍৿ྛ͸ి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓͕਺े mS m−1 ҎΒΕΔ͕ຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸࢖༻͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ɽ

͜Ε·Ͱʹɼਓ޻஍൫಺΁ͷ࿙ਫͱ͍͏ਫ෼ྔͷେ͖ԼͰɼ͜Ε·Ͱใࠂ͞Ε͖ͯͨ‫ݱ‬৔ΑΓ఻ಋ౓͕௿͘ɼ

ి‫ؒۃ‬Λม͑ΔखؒΛऔΒͣʹɼ୹࣌ؒͰଟਂ౓ͷ৘ͦͷਫ෼ͷมಈ෯΋খ͍͞ɽ·ͨɼ஍ֶ࣭෼໺ͰѻΘΕใΛಘΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔͨΊɼՄൖੑͱਝ଎ੑʹ༏Εɼ໘

Δ਺े͔Βඦ m ͱ͍͏ΦʔμʔΑΓ΋ 1 m ະຬͷද૚ੵతʹେ͖ͳ޿͕ΓΛ࣋ͭ৔ॴͷௐࠪʹ͸దͨ͠૷ஔ

ͷ౔৕ʹ஫໨͢Δඞཁ͕͋ΔɽฏҪΒʢ2008ʣ͸ɼ૷ஔ

Ͱ͋Δͱ͍͑Δʢޫാ, 2006; ৿Β, 2010bʣɽຊ‫༻Ͱڀݚ‬ͷ࠷ߴप೾਺Ͱ͋Δ 48 kHz ʹ஫໨͢ΔͱɼਫాͰ͸ਫ෼ͷมಈ͕‫͖Ͱ࡯؍‬ɼ·ͨാ஍΍ՌथԂͰ͸ࢪංͷӨ‫ڹ‬͍ͨଟप೾਺ి࣓୳ࠪ‫ػ‬͸ɼถࠃ Geophex ࣾͷ GEM-2
broadband EMI sensor Ͱ͋Δɽ͜ͷγεςϜ͸ɼখ͞ͳͱ‫ݟ‬ΒΕΔి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͷߴ͍෦෼͕ද૚෇ۙʹ‫͞࡯؍‬Εૹ৴ίΠϧͱड৴ίΠϧΛ༻͍ͯɼి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͱଳ࣓཰

Δ͜ͱΛใࠂ͍ͯ͠Δɽ·ͨɼ৿Βʢ2010aʣ͸ɼද૚෦‫ܭ‬ଌΛՄೳʹ͍ͯ͠Δɽͭ·Γɼૹ৴ϧʔϓ͔Βมಈ࣓෼ͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͱۙ͘ΛྲྀΕΔഉਫ΍ૃਫͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓քΛൃੜͤ͞Δͱɼ౔৕ · ஍൫தʹϨϯπͷ๏ଇʹΑΓʹߴ͍૬͕ؔ͋Δ͜ͱΛใࠂ͍ͯ͠Δɽ஍࣭ௐࠪͳͲʹ‫ൃ͕ྗిى‬ੜ͠ɼ౔৕ͷൺ఍߅ʹԠͯ͡༠ಋిྲྀʢӔి࢖ΘΕΔి࣓୳ࠪͰ͸ຊདྷϘʔϦϯάͳͲʹΑΔਂ͞ํ

ྲྀʣ͕ൃੜ͢Δɽ ͦͯ͠ɼͦͷ༠ಋిྲྀʹΑͬͯ৽ͨʹ޲ͷσʔλͷ‫͕͍ͳ͔͕ͤܽূݕ‬ɼࢲ༗஍Ͱ͋Δ೶ྛ஍

ੜ͡Δೋ࣓࣍৔ Hs ͱҰ࣓࣍৔ Hp Λड৴ϧʔϓʹͯ஍දͰ͸ඇৗʹ೉͍͠ɽͱ͜Ζ͕ᕲᕱ΍ࢪංͱ͍ͬͨ೶ྛ஍

͔Βͷηϯαʔߴ͞ h Ͱ‫؍‬ଌ͠ɼ‫ط‬஌Ͱ͋ΔҰ࣓࣍৔ Hp

ʹ͓͚Δਓؒ‫׆‬ಈͷӨ‫ڹ‬͸ൺֱతઙ͍ͱ͜Ζʹ‫͞࡯؍‬ΕΛ஍൫΁ͷೖྗ৴߸ͱ͠ɼೋ࣓࣍৔ Hs Λड৴৴߸ͱ͠

Δ͜ͱ͕໌Β͔ʹͳ͖ͬͯͨɽैͬͯɼ౔৕‫ڥ؀‬ௐࠪʹͯ‫؍‬ଌ͢Δɽͦͷ͔ࠩΒ౔৕ · ஍൫தͷൺ఍߅஋ͷ‫਺ٯ‬‫ݶ‬ఆ͢Ε͹ɼઙ͍૚ʹ஫໨͢Δ‫ݶ‬Γʹ͓͍ͯ͸‫͕ূݕ‬ൺ

Ͱ͋Δి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓͓Αͼଳ࣓཰Λଌఆ͢Δ୳ࠪ๏Ͱ͋Δ

ֱత༰қʹͳΓɼి࣓୳ࠪʹΑΔ౔৕‫ڥ؀‬ௐࠪͷՄೳੑ

ʢFig. 1ʣɽ͜ͷଌఆγεςϜ͸ɼҰൠతʹϧʔϓ · ϧʔϓΛ֦͛ΒΕΔɽ๏ʢWon et al., 1996; Mitsuhata et al., 2006ʣͱ‫ݺ‬͹ΕΔຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼ೔ຊͷ໘ੵͷେ෦෼Λ઎ΊɼྲྀҬʹ͓͚୳ࠪ๏Λར༻͍ͯ͠Δɽૹ৴ · ड৴ϧʔϓͷִؒ͸ 1.66

Δ্ྲྀ෦Λ‫ܗ‬੒͢Δ৿ྛʹண໨ͨ͠ɽલड़ͨ͠Α͏ʹɼ‫ڥ؀‬ͷಛ௃ΛޮՌతʹநग़͠ɼߟ࡯Ͱ͖Ε͹େม༗ޮͰ

m ͰɼಉҰͷ൘ʹ‫ݻ‬ఆ͞Ε͓ͯΓɼ330 Hz ∼ 47970 Hzͷ࠷େ 15 ͷप೾਺ͷૹड৴͕ՄೳͰ͋ΔɽҰൠతʹɼ3∼ 5 ͭͷप೾਺Λ༻͍ͯଌఆ͢Δɽલड़ͷΑ͏ʹɼप೾͋Δɽ·ͨɼࢲ༗஍͕େଟ਺Λ઎ΊΔ౔஍ͰεΫϦʔχ਺ͱਂ౓ͷؔ܎͸ɼप೾਺͕ߴ͍ి࣓೾͸ઙ૚෦෼ͷ஍ϯάతʹඇ઀৮Ͱௐ͕ࠪͰ͖Ε͹ɼͦͷ‫ޙ‬ͷৄࡉௐࠪͷ൫ঢ়‫گ‬Λɼप೾਺͕௿͍ి࣓೾͸ਂ૚෦෼ͷ஍൫ͷঢ়‫گ‬ޮ཰্͕͕ΔɽΛ൓ө͢ΔʢWon et al., 1996; Huang, 2005ʣɽຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬౔࠭ͷྲྀ๢΍Լ૚২ੜͷශऑԽ͕ใࠂ͞Ε͓ͯΓɼ౔৕ຊ‫ڀݚ‬ͷ໨త͸ɼؒെ஗Εͷ‫ݟ‬ΒΕΔ৿ྛʹ͓͍ͯɼʢ1ʣଟप೾਺ి࣓୳ࠪ‫ػ‬Λ༻͍ͯɼ౔৕‫ڥ؀‬ͷಛ௃நग़ΛࢼΈɼʢ2ʣ౔৕ͷಛੑΛࣔ͢ଞͷσʔλ͔Β‫ݪ‬ҼΛ୳Γɼʢ3ʣ৿ྛͷ؅ཧ͕౔৕‫ʹڥ؀‬༩͑ΔӨ‫ڹ‬ΛධՁ͢Δ
͜ͱͰ͋Δɽ

2. ి࣓୳ࠪͷଌఆ‫ݪ‬ཧEM ୳ࠪͱ͸ɼElectro-Magnetic-methodsʢి࣓๏ʣͱ
‫ݺ‬͹ΕΔి࣓୳ࠪͷҰछͰɼ஍தʹ͓͚Δ༠ಋి࣓৔ͷԠ౴͔Βɼ஍൫ͷൺ఍߅஋ͷ‫͋Ͱ਺ٯ‬Δ఻ಋ཰ʢconductivityʣ͓Αͼଳ࣓཰ʢmagnetic susceptibilityʣΛଌఆ͢Δ
ํ๏Ͱ͋ΔɽEM ୳ࠪ͸ɼి࣓೾΍प೾਺ͷҧ͍ʹΑͬͯ৵ೖਂ౓͕ҟͳΔ͜ͱΛར༻͠ɼਂ౓ํ޲ͷ఻ಋ཰ͷ

Fig. 1 ଟप೾਺ి࣓୳ࠪ๏ͷଌఆ‫ݪ‬ཧɽ
Theory for multi-frequency electromagnetic sounding method.

࿦จɿଟप೾਺ి࣓୳ࠪ๏ʹΑΔ৿ྛͷ؅ཧ͕౔৕‫ʹڥ؀‬༩͑ΔӨ‫ڹ‬ධՁ

19

bridge, UKʣΛ౥ࡌ͠ɼҐஔ৘ใͱซͤͯσʔλΛऔಘͨ͠ɽຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼਫฏͰͷ఻ಋ౓෼෍ʹซͤͯɼฏҪΒʢ2008ʣͷΑ͏ʹ֤αΠτͷԖ௚அ໘ͷ఻ಋ౓෼෍΋ߟ࡯ର৅ͱ͢ΔͨΊɼۣ‫ܗ‬ঢ়ʹௐࠪαΠτΛઃఆ͠ɼ2ɼ3

m ִؒͰ͍ͭ͘΋ฏߦઢΛඳ͘Α͏ʹา͖ͳ͕Β‫ܭ‬ଌΛߦͬͨɽͳ͓ɼຊ࿦จͰ͸ɼ஍൫΍౔৕ͷ‫ݻ‬ӷ‫ؾ‬૬૯ମͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ʢbulk ECʣ·ͨ͸‫͚͔ݟ‬ͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓Λ‫ܭ‬ଌ͍ͯ͠Δɽऔಘͨ͠σʔλ͸ CSV ϑΝΠϧͱͯ͠ఏ‫͞ڙ‬ΕΔͨΊɼUSB γϦΞϧέʔϒϧΛ௨ͯ͡ύιίϯʹऔΓࠐΈɼσʔλΛม‫ޙͨ͠׵‬ɼάϥϑσβΠϯιϑ
τʢSurfer8, Golden software, USAʣͰ‫͚͔ݟ‬ͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͷ౳ೱ౓ઢਤΛ࡞੒͠ɼ؅ཧঢ়ଶ͕౔৕‫ʹڥ؀‬༩͑ΔӨ‫ڹ‬ΛධՁͨ͠ɽ͞Βʹɼ౔৕ηϯαʔʢHydra Probe II,
Fig. 2 ௐࠪ஍ɿౡࠜ‫ݝ‬Ӆ‫܊ذ‬Ӆ‫ذ‬ͷౡɽ
Location of investigated sites: Oki-island in Shimane, Japan.

͸ɼௐࠪର৅ͱ͢Δਂ͞͸͓Αͦ 0.5 ∼ 10 m Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱΑΓɼి࣓୳ࠪʹ͓͚Δ୳ࠪਂ౓Ͱ͋Δදൽਂ౓ʢSpies,

1989ʣΛߟྀͯ͠ɼௐࠪप೾਺Λ 47970 Hzɼ24510 Hzɼ
7950 Hzɼ3870 Hzɼ2310 Hz ʹઃఆͨ͠ɽ

3. ௐࠪ஍ͷ֓ཁ͓Αͼ࣮‫ํݧ‬๏
3.1 ‫ݱ‬஍֓‫ͱگ‬ௐࠪ஍ͷબఆ

Stevens Water Monitoring Systems, Portland, OR, USAʣΛ༻͍ͯి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͱ౔৕Թ౓ͷଌఆ΋ߦͬͨɽ౔৕ηϯαʔʹΑΔి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓‫ܭ‬ଌͱ౔৕Թ౓‫ܭ‬ଌ͸֤αΠτ಺ͷ 3 ஍఺Ͱߦ͍ɼฏ‫ۉ‬஋Λऔͬͨɽ

3.3 ౔৕୸ૉྔ‫ܭ‬ଌɼಁਫੑࢼ‫ݧ‬·ͨɼ֤αΠτʹ͓͍ͯ 3 ஍఺ͷ 10, 30, 50 cm ͷਂ͔͞Β౔৕࠾औΛߦ͍ɼ࠾औͨ͠౔৕ͷશ୸ૉྔΛ C·N
ίʔμʢMACRO CORDER JM1000CN, δΣΠ · αΠΤϯε · ϥϘ, ‫౎ژ‬ʣΛ༻͍ͯௐ΂ͨɽ‫ݱ‬஍Ͱ͸֤αΠτʹ͓͍ͯ 3 ஍఺͔Β 100 ml ίΞαௐࠪ͸ౡࠜ‫ݝ‬Ӆ‫܊ذ‬Ӆ‫ذ‬ͷౡொʢFig. 2ʣͰߦͬͨɽӅϯϓϥʔΛ࢖ͬͯ౔৕࠾औ΋ߦ͍ɼมਫҐ๏ʹΑͬͯද‫ذ‬ͷౡ͸๺౦෦ʹҐஔ͢ΔӅ‫ذ‬ยຑ‫ͱྨؠ‬੢෦Λ޿͘෴૚౔৕ͷಁਫੑΛௐ΂ɼؒെʹΑΔਫ΍༹࣭ͳͲͷԼํ͏Ӆ‫ذ‬ΞϧΧϦՐࢁ‫ྨؠ‬Λ୅දͱ͠ɼͦͷؒʹ͸৽ୈࡾਁಁ΁ͷӨ‫ڹ‬Λߟ࡯ͨ͠ɽͳ͓ɼಁਫੑࢼ‫ࢼݧ‬ྉΛ࠾औ‫ل‬૚͕޿͘෼෍͓ͯ͠ΓʢখྛΒ, 2002ʣɼ஍൫తʹ੬ऑ

ͨ͠ 2009 ೥͸αΠτ 1 ͱ 0 ʹ౸ୡͰ͖ͳ͔ͬͨͨΊɼͳ৔ॴ͕͍͔ͭ͋͘ΔʢଜాΒ, 1997ʣɽ‫ݝ‬ͷ஍‫׈‬Γ஍ଳಁਫੑʹ͍ͭͯ͸ 1ɼ0 Λআ͍ͯߟ࡯ͨ͠ɽ

ͱͯ͠΋ొ࿥͞Ε͍ͯΔ஍ҬͰ͸ɼ๞࿨ଳͷਫΛൈͨ͘

4. ݁Ռͱߟ࡯

Ίͷࢪઃ͕ຒઃ͞Ε͍ͯͨɽ͜ͷௐࠪ஍͸ 2007 ೥ 8 ݄

31 ೔ʹ‫ه‬࿥తͳ߽Ӎͱͳͬͨ஍ҬͰ͋Δʢ‫ؾ‬৅ி, 2007;଍ཱΒ, 2009ʣɽͦͷࡍʹେ‫ن‬໛ͳ౔࠭ࡂ֐͕ൃੜͨͨ͠
Ίɼౡͷ໘ੵͷ 8 ׂΛ͠ΊΔ৿ྛͷঢ়ଶͱͦͷ౔৕‫ڥ؀‬ʹ͍ͭͯɼ‫ݱ‬৔ௐࠪΛߦ͏͜ͱͱͳͬͨɽ࠷ॳʹ‫ݱ‬৔ௐࠪΛߦͬͨ 2008 ೥ʹ͸·ͩ‫ݱ‬৔Ͱͷ෮‫ߦ͕ۀ࡞چ‬ΘΕ͍ͯͨɽ2009 ೥ʹྲྀҬ಺ͷ৿ྛΛ౿ࠪ͠ɼ৿ྛ؅ཧɼ౔
৕‫ڥ؀‬ɼ஍‫ܗ‬৘ใʹରͯ͠ 15 ఺ͷௐࠪର৅஍Λબఆͨ͠ɽ͍ͭͰ 2009 ೥ 9 ݄ɼ2010 ೥ 8 ݄ʹɼؒെͷ࣮ࢪͷఔ౓ͷҧ͍ͰௐࠪαΠτΛબఆ͠ɼαΠτφϯόʔ 1ɼ

6ɼ7ɼ8ɼ10ɼ11ɼ12ɼ13ɼ0 ͷ 9 ஍఺Λର৅ͱͨ͠౔৕

4.1 ‫ݱ‬஍֓‫گ‬‫ݱ‬஍ௐࠪͱฉ͖औΓʹΑͬͯαΠτ 1ɼ8ɼ12ɼ13ɼ0
͸ 10 ೥Ҏ಺ʹؒെ͕ߦΘΕͨαΠτͰ͋Γɼ6ɼ7ɼ10ɼ

11 ͸ 10 ೥Ҏ্ؒെ͕ߦΘΕ͍ͯͳ͍αΠτͰ͋Δ͜ͱ͕Θ͔ͬͨʢTable 1ʣɽؒെͷҧ͍ʹΑΔ৿ྛͷ֎‫؍‬ͷྫΛ Fig. 3 ʹࣔͨ͠ɽௐࠪαΠτͷ஍఺͕ಛఆ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ͸஍‫ऀݖ‬ͷཧղ͕ಘΒΕͳ͍৔߹͕͋ΔͷͰɼશͯͷ஍఺ʹ͍ͭͯͷҐஔ৘ใ΍ࣸਅ౳ͷ‫ࡌܝ‬͸ׂѪͨ͠ɽؒെͷߦΘΕ͍ͯΔαΠτͰ͸ɼྛচʹे෼ͳޫ͕ಧ

ௐࠪΛߦ͍ɼ೶ྛ஍ͷ؅ཧ͕౔৕‫ʹڥ؀‬༩͑ΔӨ‫ͭʹڹ‬ͨ͘ΊԼ૚২ੜ͕‫͞࡯؍‬ΕΔ͕ɼؒെ஗Ε͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕΔͱ

͍ͯධՁͨ͠ɽ౔৕͸ࡉཻ‫׊‬৭৿ྛ౔Ͱ͋Δɽ·ͨɼथྛচ͕ඇৗʹ҉͘ͳΓɼԼ૚২ੜ͕ශऑͰ͋Δ͜ͱ͕Θछ͸εΪͰ͋Δɽͳ͓ɼαΠτφϯόʔ͕ෆ࿈ଓͰ͋Δ

͔Δɽͳ͓ɼΧϝϥࡱӨͷࡍʹ͸ɼߜΓʹ͍ͭͯࣗಈͰ

͕ɼ৿ྛ؅ཧ͓Αͼ஍‫ܗ‬৘ใͷௐࠪαΠτφϯόʔͱͷͳ͘ϚχϡΞϧઃఆΛߦ͍ɼਓؒͷ໨ࢹʹ͍ۙࣸਅͱͳ

੔߹ੑΛऔΔͨΊɼຊ࿦จ಺Ͱͷ൪߸ͷ෇͚ସ͑͸ͯ͠ΔΑ͏ʹͨ͠ɽ͕ͨͬͯ͠ɼྛচͷ໌Δ͞͸໨ࢹʹ͍͍ۙͳ͍ɽ·ͨɼ‫ݱ‬஍͸ඇৗʹ܏͕ࣼ‫ॴ͍͠ݥ‬΋ଟ͍ͨΊɼࡱӨ݁Ռͱͳ͍ͬͯΔɽ஍‫ऀݖ‬ͷಉҙͷൣғͱ߹Θͤͯɼ߹ཧతʹௐ͕ࠪߦ͑Δ
৔ॴͱͯ͠αΠτΛબఆͨ͠ɽ

3.2 ଟप೾਺ి࣓୳ࠪ๏Λ༻͍ͨి࣓୳ࠪ
प೾਺ి࣓୳ࠪ๏Λ༻͍ͨి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͷଌఆ͸ɼౡ಺ͷ 9 αΠτʢFig. 2ʣʹ͓͍ͯߦͬͨɽి࣓୳ࠪ‫ʹػ‬͸ GPSʢBR-355, SiRFstar III, GlobalSat, CSR plc., Cam-αΠτ 7ɼ8 ͸ྡ઀͢Δ৿ྛͰ͕͋ͬͨ 7 ͕ඇৗʹ҉
͘ɼ8 ͸ൺֱత໌Δ͘ɼྛচͷ໌Δ͞ʹҧ͍͕͋ͬͨɽαΠτ 10ɼ11 ͸ฉ͖औΓʹΑͬͯલྺ͕೶஍Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱ͕Θ͔͓ͬͯΓɼதͰ΋ 11 ͸ஈʑാঢ়ͷ‫͍ͯͬ࢒͕ܗ‬ͨɽ·ͨɼαΠτ 12ɼ13 ͸ࢁ௖ʹ͍ۙॴͰɼαΠτ 12
Ͱ͸ 3 ࢒ 2 െʢ3 ྻ࢒ͯ͠ɼ2 ྻؒെ͢Δʣͱ͍͏ྻঢ়ؒ

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 124 ߸ɹ (2013)20

Table 1 ௐࠪαΠτͷ֓‫؍‬.
General characteristics of the survey sites.
ௐࠪαΠτ௚ۙͷؒെ೥*Լ૚২ੜ**

܏ࣼʢ౓ʣ

0
1
6
7
8
10
11
12
13

2008
2009
> 10
> 10
1999
> 10
> 10
2007
2008

Ԣ੝

19
8
18
39
34
21
21
13
18

༗Γ
‫ر‬গ
ແ͠
༗Γ
ແ͠
‫ر‬গ
Ԣ੝
Ԣ੝

฼ࡐ***
ϛάϚλΠτ࣭ยຑ‫ؠ‬᛽ɼటɼ‫ؚ‬᛽ట‫ͼٴ‬Րࢁփ᛽‫ؠ࠭ؠ‬ట‫ޓؠ‬૚҆ࢁ‫ؠ༹ؠ‬҆ࢁ‫ؠ༹ؠ‬᛽ɼటɼ‫ؚ‬᛽ట‫ͼٴ‬Րࢁփ‫ݰ‬෢‫ؠ༹ؠ‬᛽ɼటɼ‫ؚ‬᛽ట‫ͼٴ‬Րࢁփ᛽ɼటɼ‫ؚ‬᛽ట‫ͼٴ‬Րࢁփ∗ : >10 ͸ؒെ೥͸ಛఆग़དྷͳ͍͕ɼ10 ೥Ҏ্ؒെ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍΋ͷɽ∗∗ : Ԣ੝ > ༗Γ > ‫ر‬গ > ແ͠ɼͷॱʹগͳ͘ͳΔɽ∗∗∗ : ࢁ಺Βʢ2009ʣΑΓെ͕ߦΘΕͨ੻͕‫͞࡯؍‬ΕͨɽαΠτ 12ɼ13ɼ0 ʹ͍ͭͰ޿ൣғͷ༷ࢠΛ୳ࠪͰ͖Δɽैདྷ‫ܕ‬ηϯαʔͰ͸ؕΓͯ͸ɼྛচ͕ඇৗʹ໌Δ͍ͷ͕ಛ௃Ͱ͋ͬͨɽͳ͓ɼα͕ͪͳۭؒมಈΛͱΒ͑Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔͨΊɼ஋ͷ‫ূݕ‬Πτ 1 ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ؒെ༗Γͷଆʹ෼ྨ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͕ɼؒ

ʹ஫ҙ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ͕ɼଟ఺‫ܭ‬ଌͱ͍͏఺Ͱ͸ɼΉ͠െ͔Βؒ΋ͳ͍͜ͱΛ෇‫͓ͯ͘͠ه‬ɽ

Ζ༗རͱ൑அ͞Εͨɽ

4.2 ଟप೾਺ి࣓୳ࠪ
ଟप೾਺ి࣓୳ࠪ‫ػ‬Λ༻͍ͯɼ1ɼ6ɼ7ɼ8ɼ10ɼ11ɼ12ɼ

13ɼ0 ͷ 9 αΠτʹ͓͍ͯి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓Λଌఆͨ͠ɽ࠷ॳ
ʹɼ5 ͭͷप೾਺Ͱଌఆͨ͠ి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͷ஋ΛɼฏҪΒ
ʢ2008ʣʹैͬͯɼϥΠϯʹରͯ͠Ԗ௚ʹ࿈ͶͨԖ௚෼෍
ਤΛ࡞੒͠ɼαΠτ 6 ͱ 13 ͷྫΛ Fig. 4 ʹࣔͨ͠ɽਤ
Λ‫ݟ‬ΔͱɼԼ૚ʹൺ΂ͯද૚ͷํ͕ి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓͕ߴ͍͜ͱ͕෼͔Δɽ߱Ӎͷ౸ୡɼਁಁ · ৠൃɼམ༿ɼ෼ղͳͲΛߟ͑Ε͹ɼද૚ͷํ͕࠷΋มԽʹ෋Έɼ౔৕‫ڥ؀‬ͷҧ͍͸ද૚ۙ͘ʹಛ௃తʹදΕΔͱղऍͰ͖ΔɽFig. 4 Λؒെͷ͋Δͳ͠ͷҧ͍͔Βൺֱ͢Δͱɼؒെ஗Εͷ‫ݟ‬ΒΕߴ͍͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δɽͦ͜Ͱ஍໘ʹ΋ͬͱ΋͍ۙσʔλͱߟ͑ΒΕͨ 47970 Hz ͷ఻ಋ౓෼෍ʹ͍ͭͯɼैདྷ‫౔ܕ‬৕ηϯαʔͰ஋ͷ‫ূݕ‬Λߦͬͨɽ·ͣɼ47970 Hz Ͱଌఆͨ͠ి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͷ݁ՌΛαΠτຖʹฏ‫ۉ‬Խ͠ɼԹ౓ิਖ਼
ʢ‫ج‬४Թ౓ 25 ˆʣΛߦ͍ɼͦͷ݁ՌΛैདྷ‫ܕ‬ͷ౔৕ηϯαʔͱൺֱ͠ɼFig. 5 ʹࣔͨ͠ɽͦͷ݁Ռɼ47970 Hz ͷ

Fig. 3 ௐࠪ஍ʹ͓͚Δ౔৕‫ڥ؀‬ͷ֎‫؍‬ɽࠨ:ؒെ͞ΕͨαΠτʢNo. 0ʣɽӈ:ؒെ஗ΕͷαΠτʢNo. 7ʣɽ
Appearance of soil environment. Left: The thinning site (No. 0).
Right: The delayed thinning site (No. 7).
Frequency (Hz)Δํ͕ɼؒെ͕͞ΕͨํΑΓද૚ʹ͓͚Δి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓͕㻠

479700
-5
24510
-10
7950
-15
3870
-20
2310
㻟

㻞

㻝

㻜

㻜

प೾਺ʹΑΔి࣓୳ࠪͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͱ౔৕ηϯαʔͷిΒΕͨɽैͬͯ 0.5 ∼ 1 m ͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓Λ‫ܭ‬ଌ͍ͯ͠Δͱߟ͑ΒΕΔి࣓୳ࠪͷ஋͸ද૚౔৕ͷ‫ܭ‬ଌΛ͢Δ౔৕ηϯαʔͷ஋ʹ͍ۙͱ‫ͤͳݟ‬ΔͱΘ͔ͬͨɽి࣓୳ࠪ͸ඇ઀৮Ͱ͋Δ͕ɼैདྷͷ౔৕ਫ෼ · Ԙ෼ηϯαʔͱۙࣅͨ͠஋Λࣔ͢͜ͱ͔ΒɼຊαΠτʹ͓͍ͯ͸ද૚౔৕‫؀‬‫ڥ‬ͷ‫ܭ‬ଌʹ༻͍ͯࠩ͠ࢧ͑ͳ͍ͱߟ͑ΒΕͨɽͳ͓ɼ͜
Ε͸ฏҪΒʢ2008ʣͱಉ༷ͷ݁ՌͰ͋Δ͕ɼ஍Լߏ଄΍

Frequency (Hz)‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͷؒʹ͸ܾఆ܎਺͕ 0.891 ͱ‫͍ڧ‬ਖ਼ͷ૬͕ؔΈ



60

80

100

120

(m)

6


㻞



㻝

㻜
㻜

㻞

20

40 (m)



ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Γɼ֤αΠτʹ͓͚Δ‫ূݕ‬Λৗʹߦ͏ඞཁ͍͍ͤͥ‫ܭ‬ଌ͕਺఺ʹ‫ݶ‬ΒΕΔ͕ɼి࣓୳ࠪͰ͸ඇ઀৮

40

㻟



ද૚౔৕‫ڥ؀‬ͷௐࠪΛߟ͑ͨͱ͖ɼ౔৕ηϯαʔͰ͸

20

㻠

479700
-5
24510
-10
7950
-15
3870
-20
2310

஍࣭ߏ଄ʹࠨӈ͞ΕΔΑ͏ͳαΠτͰ͸͜ͷؔ܎่͕Ε
͕͋Δɽ

㻞



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 (mS m-1)

Fig. 4 ؒെͷҧ͍ʹΑΔ‫͚͔ݟ‬ͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͷԖ௚෼෍ͷҧ
͍ɽNo. 13 ؒെ͞Εͨ౔஍ɼNo.6 ؒെ஗Ε͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕΔ౔஍ɽ
Vertical proﬁles of electric conductivity differed by thinning. No.
13 The thinning site, No. 6 The delayed thinning site.

࿦จɿଟप೾਺ి࣓୳ࠪ๏ʹΑΔ৿ྛͷ؅ཧ͕౔৕‫ʹڥ؀‬༩͑ΔӨ‫ڹ‬ධՁ

21

ͷ 6ɼ10ɼ11 ͱൺֱ͢Δͱి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓͕ߴ͍ന͍෦෼͕
͋·Γ‫ݟ‬ΒΕͳ͍͜ͱ͕Θ͔ΔɽFig. 6 ͱ 7 ͷൺֱʹΑΓɼؒെͷߦΘΕ͍ͯΔαΠτͷํ͕ɼؒെ͕஗Ε͍ͯΔαΠτΑΓ΋ද૚౔৕ͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓͕௿͍܏޲͕‫͍ڧ‬͜ͱ͕෼͔ͬͨɽ
͞Βʹɼ‫ࡏݱ‬͸৿ྛͱͯ͠ར༻͞Ε͍ͯΔαΠτͰ΋ɼա‫ʹڈ‬೶஍ͱͯ͠ར༻͞Ε͍ͯͨαΠτ 10ɼ11 Ͱ͸ɼి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓͕ߴ͘ͳΔ܏޲͕͋Γɼ10 ͸εέʔϧΛม͑ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍΄Ͳߴ͍఻ಋ౓Λࣔͨ͠ɽա‫ڈ‬ͷࢪංͷӨ‫͕ڹ‬ଓ͘‫͍ͯͭʹؒظ‬͸໌Β͔Ͱͳ͍͕ɼ‫ࡏݱ‬ͷ؅ཧঢ়ଶҎ֎ʹ΋ա‫ڈ‬ͷར༻ཤྺ͕౔৕‫ʹڥ؀‬Ө‫͍ͯ͠ڹ‬Δ
͜ͱ͕ਪଌ͞ΕΔɽͳ͓ɼαΠτ 7 ͸ࣼ໘͕ 39 ౓ͱඇৗʹ‫͋Ͱٸ‬Γɼ౿ࠪͷࡍʹද౔͕΅Ζ΅Ζͱ่Εམͪͯ͘Δ΄Ͳ΋Ζ͍ಛ௃
Fig. 5͕͋ͬͨͨΊɼଞͷαΠτͷΑ͏ͳಛ௃͕දΕʹ͔ͬ͘ి࣓୳ࠪͱ౔৕ηϯαʔͷ‫͚͔ݟ‬ͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͷൺֱɽ

Relationship between electromagnetic sounding EC and soil sensor EC.

ͨՄೳੑ͕͋Δɽ

4.3 ౔৕ͷಁਫੑද૚౔৕ͷ๞࿨ಁਫ܎਺Λ 3 ൓෮Ͱ‫ܭ‬ଌ͠ɼͦͷ஋Λൺֱ͢ΔͱʢFig. 8ʣɼαΠτ 6ɼ8ɼ10ɼ11 ͸ಁਫੑ͕ൺֱత௿͘ɼ7ɼ12ɼ13 ͸ߴΊͰ͋Δ͜ͱ͕Θ͔ͬͨɽ
6ɼ10ɼ11 ʹؒെ஗Ε͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕɼ12ɼ13 ͸ 10 ೥Ҏ಺ʹؒെ͕͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱΛߟ͑Δͱɼઌͷ౔஍؅ཧͷঢ়‫گ‬͸ಁਫੑͷҧ͍ʹ΋දΕ͍ͯΔͱਪ࡯͞Εͨɽͦ͜Ͱؒ

Fig. 6 ؒെͷߦΘΕ͍ͯΔαΠτͷ‫͚͔ݟ‬ͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͷਫฏ෼෍ʢप೾਺ 47973 Hzʣɽ
Horizontal distribution of electrical conductivity data at the thinning sites (Frequency 47970 Hz).

͍࣍Ͱɼ47970 Hz ͷप೾਺͔ΒಘΒΕͨ఻ಋ౓ʹ͍ͭͯɼਫฏ෼෍ਤΛ࡞੒ͨ͠ɽؒെ؅ཧͱؒെ஗Ε΍ɼԼ૚২ੜͷ༗ແʹ͍ͭͯ໌Β͔ͳҧ͍͕͋ͬͨͨΊɼਤͰ
͸ 10 ೥Ҏ಺ʹؒെ͞ΕͨαΠτʢؒെ͋ΓʣʢFig. 6ʣɼ

10 ೥Ҏ಺ʹແؒെͷαΠτʢؒെ஗Εʣ
ʢFig. 7ʣͱ෼͚
ͯදࣔͨ͠ɽ৭͕ബ͍΄Ͳ఻ಋ౓͕ߴ͘ɼ৭͕ೱ͍΄Ͳ఻ಋ౓͸௿͍ਤΛ࡞੒͍ͯ͠Δɽશମతʹి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓͕ߴ͍αΠτ͸ 6ɼ10ɼ11 Ͱ͋Γɼి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓͕௿͍αΠτ͸ 1ɼ7ɼ8ɼ12ɼ13ɼ0 Ͱ͋ΔɽؒെͷߦΘΕ͍ͯΔ
αΠτʢFig. 6ʣͷதͰ͸ɼαΠτ 12ɼ13 ͸গ͠ి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓͕ߴΊͰ͋Δ͕ɼؒെͷ஗Ε͍ͯΔαΠτʢFig. 7ʣ

Fig. 7 ؒെͷ஗Ε͍ͯΔαΠτͷ‫͚͔ݟ‬ͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͷਫฏ෼෍ʢप೾਺ 47973 HzʣɽNo. 10 ͷ EC ͸ผεέʔϧͰදࣔɽ
Horizontal distribution of electrical conductivity data at the delayed thinning sites (Frequency 47970 Hz). EC scale was separately added to No. 10.

22౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 124 ߸ɹ (2013)ͨɽ7ɼ8 Λআ͘ͱؒെ؅ཧ · ؒെ஗ΕʹΑΔ྆ऀͷಁਫੑ͸‫ ཰ݥة‬1 % ͰҟͳΔͱ‫͑ݴ‬Δ͜ͱ͕Θ͔͕ͬͨɼ7ɼ

8 ͷಁਫੑ͸ɼؒെ؅ཧͰখ͘͞ɼؒെ஗ΕͰେ͖͘‫ٯ‬ͷ܏޲Λࣔͨͨ͠ΊɼௐࠪαΠτશମͱͯ͠ಁਫੑ͕༗
ҙʹҟͳΔͱ͸‫͔ͨͬͳ͑ݴ‬ɽ7ɼ8 ͸ྡ઀͢Δ৿ྛͰ͋Δ͕ɼଞͷαΠτʹൺ΂ͯࣼ໘͕ 7 ͸ 39 ౓ɼ8 ͸ 34 ౓ͱඇৗʹ‫͋Ͱٸ‬Γɼલड़ͷΑ͏ʹද౔͕ඇৗʹ΋Ζ͔ͬͨͨΊɼଞͷαΠτͷΑ͏ͳಛ௃͕දΕʹ͔ͬͨ͘Մೳੑ͕͋Δɽ

4.4 ౔৕ͷશ୸ૉྔ
Fig. 9 ʹ֤αΠτͷ 10ɼ30ɼ50 cm ͷਂ͔͞Β࠾औͨ͠౔৕ͷશ୸ૉྔʢTotal Carbon, TCʣΛࣔͨ͠ɽ͍ͣΕͷαΠτʹ͓͍ͯ΋શ୸ૉྔ͸࠷ද૚ͷ 10 cm ͕࠷΋ଟ
Fig. 8 αΠτຖͷฏ‫ۉ‬ಁਫ܎਺ɽ
Average hydraulic conductivity at each site.

͘ɼଓ͍ͯ 30 cmɼ50 cm ͷॱʹগͳ͘ͳ͍ͬͯͨɽ·ͨɼؒെͷߦΘΕ͍ͯΔαΠτ 12ɼ13 Ͱ͸ɼ֤ਂ͞ͱ
΋ʹશ୸ૉྔ͕ଞͷαΠτΑΓ໌Β͔ʹଟ͘ɼਂ͍ॴ·Ͱ༗‫ػ‬෺͕ଘࡏ͢Δ܏޲͕ೝΊΒΕͨɽͨͩ͠ɼ1ɼ8 ͸ؒെ஗Ε͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕΔαΠτͱ͋·Γ༗‫ػ‬෺ྔ͕มΘΒͳ
͍ɽ1 ͸ؒെ͕े෼Ͱͳ͘ɼؒെ‫ޙ‬΋ྛ෼͕աີͰ͋Δ
͜ͱɼ8 ͸ߦΘΕͨؒെͷ࣌‫ ͕ظ‬10 ೥લͰɼ࣍ͷؒെ࣌‫ظ‬Λܴ͍͑ͯΔαΠτͰ͋Δ͜ͱ͕Θ͔͍ͬͯΔʢߴ‫ڮ‬Β, 2012ʣɽ1 ͸ؒെ͔Βؒ΋ͳ͍͜ͱ΋͋Γɼಉؒ͡െ
Ͱ΋ 12ɼ13ɼ0 ͷΑ͏ʹྛচ͕໌Δ͘ͳΔ΄ͲͷؒെΛߦΘͳ͍ͱɼ͓ͦΒͦ͘Εʹͱ΋ͳ͏২ੜͷճ෮ͱɼଓ
͘༗‫ػ‬෺ͷ஝ੵͷཤྺ͕࢒Γʹ͍͘ͱߟ͑ΒΕͨɽଞͷؒെ஗Ε͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕΔͱ͜Ζ͸༗‫ػ‬෺͕গͳ͍܏޲͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕͨɽ߱ӍʹΑΔਫͷҠಈ΍༗‫ػ‬෺·ͨඍࡉ౔৕ཻࢠͷӡൖͷ݁ՌͰ͸ɼࢁ௖ʹ͍ۙॴ΄Ͳ༗‫ػ‬෺૚͸Ԗ௚ํ޲ʹബ

Fig. 9 ਂ͞ຖͷશ୸ૉྔʢTCʣɽ
Vertical proﬁles of total carbon contents.

͘ͳΓ΍͍͢ͱਪఆ͞Ε͕ͨɼαΠτ 12ɼ13 ͷΑ͏ʹࢁ௖ʹ͍ۙαΠτͰ΋Ԗ௚ํ޲΁ͷ༗‫ػ‬෺ͷ஝ੵ͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕɼؒെͳͲͷਓҝతҡ࣋؅ཧͷӨ‫͕݁ڹ‬ՌʹදΕͨͱߟ͑ΒΕͨɽҰํɼؒെͷ஗Ε͍ͯΔαΠτͰ͸ɼԖ௚ํ޲΁ͷ༗‫ػ‬෺ྔͷ஝ੵ͕গͳ͍܏޲͕͋Δ͜ͱ͕෼͔ͬͨʢFig. 9ʣɽલड़ͷΑ͏ʹαΠτ 7ɼ8 ͸ඇৗʹ‫ٸ‬ࣼ໘Ͱ͋ͬͨͨΊɼؒെͷ༗ແʹؔΘΒͣ༗‫ػ‬෺͕஝ੵ͞Εʹ͘͘ͳ͍ͬͯͨ΋ͷͱਪ࡯͞Εͨɽͳ͓ɼ͜͜ͰαΠτຖʹਂ͞ 10ɼ30ɼ50 cm ͔Β࠾औͨ͠౔৕ͷશ୸ૉྔͱͦͷαΠτʹ͓͚Δి࣓୳ࠪͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͷ૬ؔΛ‫ࠪ͠ݕ‬ɼFig. 10 ʹࣔͨ͠ɽਤΑΓ૬ؔ͸ೝΊΒΕͣɼి࣓୳ࠪ͸༗‫ػ‬෺ͷӨ‫ڹ‬Λड͚͍ͯͳ͍
͜ͱ͕෼͔Δɽ

4.5 ද૚౔৕‫ͱڥ؀‬ਫ‫΁ڥ؀‬ͷӨ‫ڹ‬͜͜Ͱઌͷ఻ಋ౓ͷ஋ͷେখʹ͍ͭͯ‫͑ߟͰ఺࣌ݱ‬ΒΕΔ͜ͱΛ੔ཧͯ͠Έͨɽؒെͷ஗Ε͍ͯΔαΠτʢFig. 7ʣͰ͸ɼFig. 3 ʹ΋ࣔͨ͠௨Γྛ಺͕҉͘ɼԼ૚
Fig. 10 ి࣓୳ࠪͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͱ༗‫ػ‬෺ྔͷൺֱɽ
Relationship between electromagnetic sounding EC and total carbon contents.

২ੜ͕͋·Γ‫ݟ‬ΒΕͳ͔ͬͨɽਓ޻ྛ͔Βͷམ༿ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ؒെ؅ཧ · ؒെ஗Ε྆ऀಉ౳ͱߟ͑ɼ༗‫ػ‬෺͕෼ղ͞ΕΔաఔͰੜ͡ΔՄ༹ੑԘྨʹ͍ͭͯߟ͑ΔɽҢ౓‫ܦ‬െ؅ཧ͕ߦΘΕ͍ͯΔαΠτͱؒെ஗Ε͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕΔαΠ

౓͕มΘΒͣɼԹ౓‫͔ͱ͍͕ۙ͜ڥ؀‬Β༗‫ػ‬෺෼ղͷఔ౓͕ಉ͡Ͱ͋ΔͱԾఆ͢Ε͹ɼԼ૚২ੜͷଟ͍ؒെ؅ཧ

τ͸ಁਫੑ͕ҟͳΔͱ͍͏ԾઆΛཱͯͯɼt ‫ݕ‬ఆΛߦ͕ͬߦΘΕ͍ͯΔํ͕ӫཆԘͱͯ͠ͷྔ͸ଟ͘ͳΔ͸ͣͰ࿦จɿଟप೾਺ి࣓୳ࠪ๏ʹΑΔ৿ྛͷ؅ཧ͕౔৕‫ʹڥ؀‬༩͑ΔӨ‫ڹ‬ධՁ

23

͋Δɽ͔͠͠ͳ͕Βɼ࣮ࡍ͸‫ٯ‬ͷ܏޲Ͱ͋ͬͨɽؒെ஗

෼͔ͬͨɽ·ͨɼి࣓୳ࠪͷ࠷ද૚ͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͱ౔৕

Εͷ৿ྛ౔৕Ͱ఻ಋ౓੒෼͕େ͖͘ͳΔ܏޲͕͋Δͱ͢EC ηϯαʔʹΑΔैདྷ๏ͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ʹ͸ߴ͍૬͕ؔ

ΔͱͦͷଟՉʹӨ‫ڹ‬Λ‫͍ͯ͠΅ٴ‬Δͷ͸২෺ͷ੒௕ʹΑೝΊΒΕͨͨΊɼද૚ͷ౔৕‫ܭڥ؀‬ଌͷଥ౰ੑ͕֬ೝ͞

ΔӫཆԘͷফඅͱߟ͑Ε͹͜ͷໃ६ʹҰఆͷߟ࡯Λ༩͑Εͨɽୠ͠ɼి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͷෆ‫ۉ‬ҰੑΛ༩͑Δଞͷཁૉ͕

Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ͋Δͱ͖ʹ͸͜ͷ‫ݶ‬ΓͰ͸ͳ͘ɼৗʹ‫ূݕ‬Λߦ͏͜ͱ͕

ࠓճͷௐࠪ஍͸ɼ؅ཧͷૈ์ԽʹΑͬͯ৿ྛʹ͓͚Δ

ඞཁͰ͋Δɽ

ؒെ஗Ε͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕɼԼྲྀҬʹ༩͑ΔӨ‫ݒ͕ڹ‬೦͞Εͨͱ

ʢ2ʣௐࠪ஍ʹ͸ɼؒെͷߦΘΕ͍ͯΔαΠτͱؒെ

͜ΖͰ͋ΔɽҼՌؔ܎ͱͦͷൃੜͷॱং·Ͱ͸‫͖Ͱٴݴ‬ͷ஗Ε͍ͯΔαΠτ͕ଘࡏ͠ɼؒെ͕஗Ε͍ͯΔαΠͳ͍͕ɼ͜Ε·Ͱͷௐࠪ݁ՌΛ૯ཡ͢Δͱɼؒെͷ༗ແɼτͷํ͕ද૚౔৕ͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓͕ൺֱతߴ͍͜ͱ͕෼

Լ૚২ੜͷൟໜɼԼํਁಁͷଅਐͱ༗‫ػ‬෺ͷ஝ੵ͕Ұఆ͔ͬͨɽͷ܏޲Λ࣋ͬͯൃੜ͍ͯ͠ΔͱਪଌͰ͖Δɽͭ·Γɼؒʢ3ʣશ୸ૉྔͷଌఆ݁Ռ͔Βɼؒെͷ஗Ε͍ͯΔαΠെɼ২ੜͷൟ৩ɼԼํਁಁͷଅਐ͕͋Ε͹ɼՄ༹ੑԘྨ

τͰ͸ɼ༗‫ػ‬෺͕ઙ͍ͱ͜Ζ͚ͩʹ‫͞࡯؍‬Εɼଞํɼؒ

͕౔৕ද૚ʹूੵ͢Δ͜ͱ͸ͳ͘ɼগͳ͘ͱ΋ 50 cm ఔെͷߦΘΕ͍ͯΔαΠτͰ͸ 50 cm ͷਂ͞Ͱ΋ൺֱతଟ౓·Ͱे෼ͳྔͷ༗‫ػ‬෺͕‫͞࡯؍‬ΕΔͱղऍͰ͖Δɽ‫ٯ‬͘ͷ༗‫ػ‬෺͕‫͞࡯؍‬Εͨɽ͜Ε͸Լ૚২ੜͷྔͱਁಁੑ

ʹؒെ஗Εɼශऑͳޫ‫ڥ؀‬ɼශऑͳ২ੜɼͦͯ͠ಁਫੑ

ͷળ͠ѱ͔͠Βઆ໌͕ՄೳͰ͋ͬͨɽ

ෆྑ͕ൃੜ͢Ε͹ɼ༗‫ػ‬෺͕ද૚ʹ͔͠‫͞࡯؍‬ΕͣɼՄؒെͷߦΘΕ͍ͯͳ͍৿ྛͰ͸ɼԼ૚২ੜ͕͋·Γ‫ݟ‬༹ੑԘྨ͕ද૚ʹूੵ͠΍͘͢ͳΔͱղऍͰ͖Δɽ͔͠ΒΕͣɼਓ޻ྛͷམ༿ · མࢬʹͱ΋ͳ͏༗‫ػ‬෺෼ղͷա͠ͳ͕Β܏ࣼͷେ͖ͳࣼ໘Ͱ͸ಁਫੑʹ‫ٯ‬స܏޲͕͋ͬఔͰੜͣΔՄ༹ੑԘྨ͕࢒ଘ͢Δͱਪଌ͢Δͱɼ݁࿦ͷͨΓɼ఻ಋ౓੒෼ͷଟՉʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼͦͷ‫ݪ‬Ҽʹ͍ͭͯ

ʢ2ʣͰߴ͍ి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓͕‫؍‬ଌ͞Εͨ͜ͱʹҰఆͷղऍΛਪఆͷҬΛग़ͳ͍෦෼͕͋Γɼ͞ΒͳΔௐࠪͱ‫͕ূݕ‬ඞ

༩͑Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͨɽ

ཁͱߟ͍͑ͯΔɽ

ʢ4ʣ‫ࡏݱ‬͸৿ྛͱͯ͠ར༻͞Ε͍ͯΔαΠτͰ΋ɼաؒെͱԼ૚২ੜʹ͍ͭͯ͸͜Ε·Ͱ΋‫͞ٴݴ‬Ε͖ͯͨ‫ʹڈ‬೶஍ͱͯ͠ར༻͞Ε͍ͯͨ৔ॴͰ͸ɼి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓͕͕ɼͦΕ͕౔৕‫͢΅ٴʹڥ؀‬Ө‫ڹ‬Λి࣓୳ࠪʹΑͬͯɼ

ߴ͘ͳΔ܏޲͕͋Γɼ‫ࡏݱ‬ͷ؅ཧҎ֎ʹ΋ա‫ڈ‬ͷར༻ཤԖ௚ϓϩϑΝΠϧ·ͨฏ໘ਤͱͯ͠ಛ௃͚ͮΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱྺ͕౔৕‫ʹڥ؀‬Ө‫͍ͯ͠ڹ‬Δ͜ͱ͕෼͔ͬͨɽ

͖ͨɽ఻ಋ౓੒෼͕Մ༹ੑԘྨͷ஝ੵ͔Β΋ͨΒ͞Εͨʢ5ʣଟप೾਺ి࣓୳ࠪ‫ػ‬Λ༻͍Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯɼ౔஍

΋ͷͰ͋Ε͹ɼԼྲྀଆ΁ͷա৒‫څڙ‬Λ๷͙໨త͔Βɼؒ؅ཧ΍ར༻ཤྺΛి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ͷҧ͍ͱͯ͠໘తʹධՁ͢െͱͦΕʹଓ͘Լํ২ੜͷൟໜ͕͓ͦΒ͘ޮՌతͳରॲ

ΔՄೳੑΛࣔ͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͨɽి࣓୳ࠪ͸ඇ઀৮Ͱ୹࣌

๏Ͱ͋ΔͱਪଌͰ͖Δ͠ɼಁਫੑͷվળͱ༗‫ػ‬෺ྔͷ஝ؒʹ޿ൣғͷ౔৕ௐ͕ࠪՄೳͰ͋Γɼৄࡉௐࠪͷલͷεੵ͔Β΋ؒെͷޮՌ͸େ͖͍ͱਪଌ͞ΕͨɽΫϦʔχϯάʹ໾ཱͭͱߟ͑ΒΕͨɽैདྷ‫౔ܕ‬৕ηϯαʔͱ૬ؔͷ͋Δσʔλ͕ಘΒΕͨ͜ँࣙͱ͔Βɼి࣓୳ࠪ͸ௐࠪख๏ͱͯ͠͸ଥ౰Ͱ͋Δͱ൑அͨ͠ɽ‫ैʹٯ‬དྷ‫౔ܕ‬৕ηϯαʔ͸஍໘ʹϓϩʔϒΛૠೖ͢Δ࿑ྗɼͦΕΛ‫܁‬Γฦ͠ߦ͏͕࣌ؒඞཁͰ͋Δ͜ͱ͔
Βɼి࣓୳ࠪͷํ͕ޮՌతͳௐ͕ࠪߦ͑Δͱ൑அͨ͠ɽ
ͳ͓ɼࠓճ͸౔৕ද૚ʹ౔஍ར༻ͷಛ௃͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕͨ͜ͱ͔Β஍ද༻ͷैདྷ‫ܕ‬ηϯαʔͰͦͷଥ౰ੑ͕ධՁͰ͖ɼ
ޮՌతͳௐ͕ࠪߦ͕͑ͨɼ͜ΕΑΓਂ͍෦Ґͷߟ࡯͕ඞཁͳ৔߹ʹ͸ɼి࣓୳ࠪͷσʔλʹ͍ͭͯಉ༷ͳ‫͕ূݕ‬
ඞཁͰ͋Δ͜ͱΛ෇‫͓ͯ͘͠ه‬ɽՃ͑ͯɼి࣓୳ࠪ͸஍໘ʹඇ઀৮Ͱਝ଎ʹௐ͕ࠪͰ͖ɼ

‫ݱ‬஍ͷௐࠪͰ͸ɼౡࠜ‫౔ݝ‬஍վྑ࿈߹ͷલ઒ࢯͷҊ಺ͷ΋ͱɼӅ‫ذ‬ͷౡͷํʑʹଟେͳ‫ͱྗڠ‬ཧղΛࣀΓɼ͜Εʹਂ͘‫͢ँײ‬Δɽ·ͨɼௐࠪʹ‫ͯ͘͠ྗڠ‬Εֶͨੜͨͪʹ΋‫͢ँײ‬Δɽͳ͓ɼຊ‫ڀݚ‬ͷҰ෦͸ɼ೔ຊֶज़ৼ‫ڵ‬ձʮ࠷ઌ୺ · ࣍ੈ୅‫ڀݚ‬։ൃࢧԉϓϩάϥϜʯɼౡࠜ‫౔ݝ‬஍վྑࣄ‫ஂۀ‬ମ࿈߹ձ‫ڞ‬ಉ‫ڀݚ‬අɼౡࠜେֶॏ఺‫ڀݚ‬ϓϩδΣΫτͷิॿΛड͚ͯߦΘΕͨɽซͤͯ‫͢ँײ‬Δ࣍ୈͰ͋ΔɽҾ༻จ‫ݙ‬

·ͨɼ౔஍ͷ᎟ཚ͕࠷খ‫͋Ͱݶ‬ΔͨΊɼ஍‫ऀݖ‬ͷཧղΛಘͳ͕Βௐ͕ࠪՄೳͰ͋ͬͨɽ೶ྛ஍ͷௐࠪͰ͸ɼӦྛɼӦ೶ऀͷརӹΛଛͳΘͳ͍Α͏ʹɼཱ޵Λ۷Δલʹௐࠪର৅஍Λߜ͓ͬͯ͘͜ͱ͕ॏཁͰ͋Δɽ౔஍ͷ᎟ཚΛͱ΋ͳ͏ৄࡉௐࠪͷલͷεΫϦʔχϯάͱͯ͠ి࣓୳ࠪ͸େ͖ͳޮՌΛൃ‫͢ش‬Δͱߟ͑ΒΕͨɽ

5. ݁࿦ຊ࿦จͰಘΒΕͨ݁ՌΛ੔ཧ͢ΔͱɼҎԼͷΑ͏ʹͳͬͨɽʢ1ʣి࣓୳ࠪͷ݁ՌΛԖ௚ϓϩϑΝΠϧͰදࣔ͢Δ
ͱɼ౔৕‫ڥ؀‬ͷҧ͍͸ද૚ۙ͘ʹಛ௃తʹ‫ݱ‬ΕΔ͜ͱ͕

଍ཱɹ੣, ੉‫ݹ‬ɹ߂ (2009): 2007 ೥ 8 ݄ 31 ೔ͷౡࠜ‫ݝ‬Ӆ‫ذ‬ͷେӍʹ͍ͭͯ. ఱ‫ؾ‬, 56(10): 826–830ɽฏҪ༏໵, ৿໵ੇࢤ, फଜ޿ত, ߐ૲௚࿨, ৿ᖒଠฏ (2008): ଟप೾਺ి࣓୳ࠪ๏ʹΑΔ౔৕‫ڥ؀‬ϞχλϦϯά. ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ,109: 3–14.
Huang, H. (2005): Depth of investigation for small broadband
electromagnetic sensors. Geophysics, 70: G135–G142.
Huang, H. and Won, I.J. (2000): Conductivity and susceptibility
mapping using broadband electromagnetic sensors. Journal ofEnvironmental and Engineering Geophysics, 5: 31–41.

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ҏ౻༏ࢠ, ࡾӜɹ֮, Ճ౻ਖ਼थ, ٢ӬलҰ࿠ (2004): ؔ౦ · த෦஍ํͷ৿ྛྲྀҬʹ͓͚Δ‫ྲྀܢ‬ਫதͷ NO−
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ཁࢫ೶ྛ஍͸ྲྀҬ໘ੵͷதͰେ͖ͳׂ߹Λ઎Ίɼ޿େͳ౔৕‫ڥ؀‬ΛޮՌతʹௐࠪͰ͖Ε͹ͦͷޮՌ͸ඇৗʹେ͖͍ɽຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼଟप೾਺ి࣓୳ࠪ‫ػ‬Λ༻͍ͯ౔৕ͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓Λଌఆ͠ɼ৿ྛͷ؅ཧ͕౔৕‫ڥ؀‬ʹ༩͑ΔӨ‫ڹ‬Λௐ΂ͨɽి࣓୳ࠪͷ݁ՌΛԖ௚ϓϩϑΝΠϧͰදࣔ͢Δͱɼ౔৕‫ڥ؀‬ͷҧ͍͸ද૚ۙ͘ʹಛ௃తʹ‫ݱ‬Ε͓ͯΓɼؒെ͕஗Ε͍ͯΔ৿ྛͰ͸ද૚౔৕ͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓͕ߴ͘ͳΔ݁Ռ͕ಘΒΕͨɽಉαΠτͰ͸౔৕ͷಁਫੑ͕௿͍܏޲͕͋Γɼ༗‫ػ‬෺΋ઙ෦ͷΈʹ‫ݟ‬ΒΕΔ͜ͱ͔Βɼਁಁੑͷѱ͕͞ද૚΁ͷ෺࣭ͷूதΛଅ͍ͯ͠Δͱਪଌ͞Εͨɽ·ͨ೶஍ͱͯ͠ͷཤྺͷ͋Δ৿ྛͰ͸ɼද૚౔৕ͷి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓͕ߴ͘ͳΔ܏޲͕͋Γɼա‫ڈ‬ͷར༻ཤྺ͕౔৕‫ʹڥ؀‬Ө‫͍ͨͯ͠ڹ‬ɽଟप೾਺ి࣓୳ࠪ๏͸ඇ઀৮Ͱ୹࣌ؒʹ޿ൣғͷ౔৕ௐ͕ࠪՄೳͰ͋ΓɼৄࡉௐࠪͷલͷεΫϦʔχϯάʹ໾ཱͭͱߟ͑ΒΕͨɽΩʔϫʔυɿి࣓୳ࠪɼి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓ɼԼํਁಁɼ౔৕‫ڥ؀‬

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

No. 124, p.25 ∼ 33 (2013)খ‫ܕ‬νϡʔϒຒઃ‫౔ܕ‬৕ΨεϞχλϦϯάγεςϜΛ༻͍ͨ೶஍౔৕த CO2 Ψεೱ౓มಈͷ‫ݕ‬౼Ճ౻ઍਘ 1 · Ҫຊതඒ 1 · ੢ଜɹ୓ 1 · ‫⃻ٶ‬ɹ‫ ؽ‬2Investigation of changes in soil CO2 concentration by using compact buried tubing
soil gas monitoring system
Chihiro KATO1 , Hiromi IMOTO1 , Taku NISHIMURA1 and Tsuyoshi MIYAZAKI2

Abstract: Authors developed compact soil gas monitoring system which consisted of gas-permeable silicone rubber, a non-dispersive infrared CO2 gas sensor and galvanic
cell O2 sensor for the purpose of evaluating changes insoil CO2 concentration in ﬁelds. In this study, 0.5-mmthick silicone rubber sheet was used for CO2 sensing tube,
which was reinforced with plastic and stainless mesh pipes.
Time required to reach 95 % equilibrium of CO2 concentration of 0.5-mm-thick silicone rubber tube was 104 minutes, while that of 4-mm-thick tube, which reported previously, was 1175 minutes. The constructed system wasburied in agricultural bare ﬁeld and continuous monitoring of soil CO2 concentration was conducted through ayear. Since an amplitude of seasonal changes in soil temperature in agricultural ﬁeld is relatively large, e.g., >25◦ C at depth of 10 cm in this study ﬁeld, temperature dependence of NDIR CO2 sensors was investigated. Aftertemperature correction and calibration, monitored results
agreed with the soil CO2 concentration which was measured by conventional gas sampling method. Monitored
data showed seasonal and daily changes in soil CO2 concentration accompanied with changes in soil temperature.
Quick response to increase in soil CO2 concentration following each rainfall event was also observed. Simultaneous decrease in O2 concentration suggested that microbialactivity could be dominant factor of increase in soil CO2
concentration caused by rainfall.
Key Words : CO2 , soil respiration, gas permeable tube,
ﬁeld monitoring, non-dispersive infrared CO2 sensor

ଛࣦ͸ɼ஍‫نٿ‬໛ͷ୸ૉ॥‫؀‬ɼੜଶ‫ܥ‬ͷੜ࢈ੑʹॏཁͳӨ‫ڹ‬Λ‫͢΅ٴ‬ʢ࿨ӱ ·Sollins, 2002ʣ
ɽͦͷͨΊɼ౔৕͔Βେ‫΁ؾ‬ͷೋࢎԽ୸ૉʢCO2 ʣ์ग़ྔ΍౔৕தͷ༗‫ػ‬෺୸ૉྔͷ௕‫ظ‬มಈʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼैདྷ͔ΒΨεϑϥοΫεͷ
ଌఆ΍୸ૉಈଶϞσϧʢྫ͑͹ Li et al., 1992; Coleman

and Jenkinson, 1996 ͳͲʣΛ༻͍ͨ਺஋‫ࢉܭ‬Λ௨ͯ͠਺ଟ͘‫ݕ‬౼͞Ε͖ͯͨɽۙ೥ɼ೶஍౔৕ʹ͓͚Δ୸ૉஷཹೳʢCarbon Captureand Storage; CCSʣ͕஫໨͞Ε͓ͯΓɼྫ͑͹༗‫ػ‬෺ͷ࿈ଓࢪ༻ʹΑͬͯ೶஍౔৕தͷ୸ૉετοΫྔΛ૿Ճ͞
ͤΔࢼΈ͕‫ݕ‬౼ɼࢼߦ͞Ε͍ͯΔʢ೶ྛਫ࢈ল, 2008ʣɽ
·ͨɼߞ‫ํى‬๏΍ࢪංํ๏ͳͲͷะ৔؅ཧ๏ʹΑͬͯ೶஍౔৕͔Βͷ CO2 ์ग़ྔΛ‫ݮ‬Β͢ԹஆԽ؇࿨ࡦͷ‫ݕ‬౼΋ߦΘΕ͍ͯΔʢྫ͑͹ɼLal and Kimble, 1997; AlvaroFuentes et al., 2012ʣɽ༗‫ػ‬෺ࢪ༻ྔ΍ࢪ༻ਂ͞ɼߞ‫ਂى‬͞ͳͲͷ۩ମతͳ؇࿨ࡦΛ‫ݕ‬౼͢ΔͨΊʹ͸஍ද໘͔Β์ग़͞ΕΔ CO2 ͷϑϥοΫεͷΈͰͳ͘ɼ֤ਂ͞ʹ͓͚
Δ CO2 ೱ౓Λ΋೺Ѳ͠ɼ౔தͰੜ͡Δ༗‫ػ‬෺ͷແ‫ػ‬Խʹ͍ͭͯ‫ݕ‬౼͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δɽ౔৕தͷ֤छΨεೱ౓ଌఆʹ͸ɼ͜Ε·ͰओʹΨε࠾औ؅Λॴఆͷਂ͞ʹૠೖͯ͠௚઀౔৕தͷΨεΛ࠾औ͠ɼର৅ͱ͢ΔΨεͷೱ౓Λఆྔ͢Δํ๏͕༻͍ΒΕ͖ͯͨʢ༄Ҫ · ৗా, 2009; Rolston, 2002; ҪຊΒ, 2003ʣɽ
͜ͷํ๏͸ɼΨεΛ࠾औ͢Δࡍʹ౔৕தͷۭ‫ؾ‬Λ‫ٵ‬Ҿ͢ΔͨΊɼ౔৕ۭ‫ݮ͕ؾ‬ѹ͞ΕɼΨεͷҠྲྀ͕ੜ͡ΔՄೳ
ੑ͕͋ΔɽͦͷͨΊɼසൟͳαϯϓϦϯάʹ͸ෆ޲͖Ͱ

1. ͸͡Ίʹ͋Δɽ͜Εʹରۙ͠೥ɼ౔৕தʹΨεಁաੑΛ༗͢ΔथࢷΛ౔৕͸ɼେ‫ؾ‬தͷ૯୸ૉྔͷ໿ 2 ഒɼ২෺όΠΦϚε

ຒઃ͠ɼ౔৕தͷΨεѹྗ‫ڥ؀‬Λཚͣ͞ʹ֤छΨεೱ౓ͷ໿ 3 ഒͷ୸ૉྔΛ༗͠ʢSundquist, 1993ʣɼ౔৕୸ૉͷ

ͷଌఆΛߦ͏ख๏͕ࢼΈΒΕ͍ͯΔʢ༄Ҫ · ৗా, 2009;

1 Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University ofTokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan. Corresponding author: Ճ౻ઍਘɼ౦‫ژ‬େֶେֶӃ೶ֶੜ໋Պֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պɹ
2 Professor Emeritus at The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, JAPAN.
2012 ೥ 10 ݄ 31 ೔डߘɹ 2013 ೥ 2 ݄ 23 ೔डཧ

Kammann et al., 2001; ԕ౻Β, 2010ʣɽΨεಁաੑथࢷ
ʹ͸ɼγϦίʔϯΰϜ΍ϙϦςτϥϑϧΦϩΤνϨϯɼϑοԽΤνϨϯϓϩϐϨϯͳͲ͕͋Γɼ͜ΕΒͷૉࡐ͸ΨεΛ௨͕͢ਫ͸௨͞ͳ͍ɽͨͱ͑͹ɼνϡʔϒঢ়ͷΨεಁաੑथࢷͷ྆୺Λดͯ͡౔৕தʹຒઃ͢ΔͱɼथࢷΛհͯ͠Ψεͷ֦ࢄ͕࢝·Γɼνϡʔϒ಺֎ͷΨε͸ฏ

26

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 124 ߸ɹ (2013)
͢Δ৔߹ɼνϡʔϒಉ͕࢜౔৕தͰۙ઀͠ɼपลͷ౔৕தͷਫɼΨεɼ೤ͳͲͷҠಈ͕֧ཚ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ͕‫ݒ‬೦͞ΕΔɽ
౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ͷԖ௚෼෍ͷ‫ܗ‬੒ཁҼͱͯ͠ɼ౔৕‫ݺ‬‫ʹٵ‬ΑΔ CO2 ੜ੒ͱɼ֦ࢄΛओͱ͢Δ CO2 ҠಈʹେผͰ͖Δɽད஍౔৕ͷ৔߹ɼCO2 ੜ੒଎౓͸౔৕ඍੜ෺ͷ‫ٵݺ‬଎౓ͱ౳͘͠ɼCO2 ೱ౓ͱͱ΋ʹ O2 ೱ౓Λଌఆ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯɼCO2 ೱ౓มಈͷཁҼΛ೺Ѳ͠ɼ౔৕த
ͷ CO2 Ψε‫ڍ‬ಈʹ͍ͭͯৄࡉͳ‫ݕ‬౼͕ՄೳʹͳΔɽ౻
઒ʢ2003ʣ͸ɼ‫౎ݝ࡚ٶ‬৓ࢢͷਫాస‫׵‬ാʹ͓͍ͯɼΨεFig. 1 ೑ް 4 mm ‫ ͼٴ‬0.5 mm ͷγϦίʔϯथࢷͷൺֱɽ
4 mm and 0.5 mm thick silicone rubbers.

࠾औ؅Λ༻͍ͯ‫ق‬અ͝ͱʢ5ɼ10ɼ3 ݄ʣʹ౔৕தͷ CO2

ߧʹୡ͢Δɽฏߧ࣌ʹνϡʔϒ಺ͷΨεೱ౓Λଌఆ͢Εೱ౓ͱ O2 ೱ౓ͷԖ௚෼෍Λଌఆͨ͠ɽͦͷ݁ՌɼͲͷ࣌‫ظ‬΋ߴ‫ס‬૩ີ౓ͷߞ൫૚ʹ͓͍ͯ‫ ʹܹٸ‬CO2 ೱ౓͕͹ɼ౔৕ۭ‫ؾ‬ͷѹྗ‫ڥ؀‬Λཚ͞ͳ͍··౔৕தͷΨεೱ্ঢɼO2 ೱ౓͕௿Լ͠ɼͦͷ܏޲͸ಛʹ 10 ݄ʹ‫ݦ‬ஶͰ౓Λ೺Ѳ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ

͋ͬͨɽͦͷཁҼ͸ɼ10 ݄͸ଞͷ࣌‫ͱظ‬ൺ΂ͯߞ൫૚ͷۙ೥ɼಛʹ CO2 ೱ౓ଌఆʹ͍ͭͯɼߴਫ਼౓Ͱൺֱత҆Ձͳηϯα͕ར༻ՄೳʹͳΓɼ࿈ଓଌఆ͕ߦΘΕΔΑ͏஍Թ΍ਫ෼ྔ͕ߴ͘ɼඍੜ෺‫׆‬ੑͷ্ঢ΍ɼΨε֦ࢄҠಈ଎౓ͷ௿Լ͕ੜͨͨ͡ΊͰ͋Δͱߟ࡯ͨ͠ɽ֤߱ӍΠʹͳͬͨɽHirano et al.ʢ2003ʣ͸ɼް͞ 3 mm ͷϙϦԘԽϕϯτ΍࿈ଓతͳ஍ԹมԽʹର͢Δ౔৕த CO2 ɼO2 ೱϏχϧʢPVCʣνϡʔϒʹඇ෼ࢄ‫֎੺ܕ‬ઢʢNon-dispersive౓ͷԠ౴ʹ͍ͭͯɼԕ౻Βʢ2010ʣ͸ɼ্ड़ͷγϦίʔ

infrared: NDIRʣࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ʢGMD-20ɼVaisalaʣͷηϯα෦ΛऔΓ෇͚ɼ৿ྛ౔৕ͷ্૚ 20 cm ఔ౓·Ͱ
ͷ 3 ਂ౓ʹຒઃ͠ɼ൒೥ؒͷ౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ͷଌఆΛߦͬͨɽ͜ͷͱ͖ɼPVC νϡʔϒͷଆ໘ʹ͸εϦοτΛ
ઃ͚ɼͦͷεϦοτ͕Լ޲͖ʹͳΔΑ͏ʹνϡʔϒΛ౔৕ʹຒઃ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯɼCO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ͷηϯα෦ϯνϡʔϒ಺ʹɼNDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ͱث׵‬ಉ࣌ʹΨϧόχి஑ࣜ O2 Ψεηϯα΋෧ೖͨ͠ɽ͔͠͠ɼ೑ް 4mm ͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒͷɼO2 ೱ౓ͷ 95 % ฏߧ࣌ؒ
͸ 2100 ෼ͱ CO2 ͷ৔߹ͱൺ΂ͯ͞Βʹେ͖͘ɼะ৔ʹ
͓͚Δ౔৕த O2 ೱ౓ʹؔ͢Δߟ࡯͸ߦΘͳ͔ͬͨɽ͜
ͷΑ͏ʹ‫؍‬ଌ‫ثػ‬΍γεςϜͷෆ଍ͷͨΊɼ೶஍౔৕த

ΛӍਫ͔Β๷‫ͭͭ͠ޢ‬ɼ౔৕ۭ‫ؾ‬தͷೱ౓มԽʹର͢Δ

ͷ CO2 ೱ౓ͱ O2 ೱ౓Λɼ೥ؒΛ௨ͯ͠ಉ࣌ʹ࿈ଓଌఆηϯαͷૣ͍Ԡ౴Λଅͨ͠ɽ͔͠͠ɼεϦοτΛઃ͚ͨͨ͠ྫ͸΄ͱΜͲͳ͍ɽ৔߹ɼਫ෼๞࿨࣌ʹηϯα෦΁ͷਁਫΛ๷͛ͳ͍ɽ

·ͨɼϑΟʔϧυʹ͓͍ͯ͸‫ܭ‬ଌ‫ڥ؀‬ͷ੍‫͕ޚ‬೉͍ͦ͜͠ͰɼΨεಁաੑथࢷͱ NDIR ࣜηϯαΛ૊Έ߹ΘͨΊɼηϯαɼ‫ྨثػ‬Λ༻͍࣮ͯ‫ݧ‬΍‫؍‬ଌΛ͢Δࡍʹ͸ɼͤͨଌఆ΋ࢼΈΒΕ͖ͯͨɽͨͱ͑͹ԕ౻Βʢ2010ʣ͸ɼηϯαɼ‫ثػ‬ͷ‫ڥ؀‬ґଘੑΛ೺Ѳ͠ɼग़ྗ஋ͷิਖ਼Λ͢Ψεಁաੑνϡʔϒͷ಺෦ʹ NDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬Δඞཁ͕͋ΔɽNDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬͸‫ݩ‬དྷɼϞϧೱΛ෧ೖͨ͠ɼνϡʔϒຒઃ‫ܕ‬ΨεϞχλϦϯάγες

౓ʢCO2 ෼ࢠ਺ʣΛଌఆ͢ΔͨΊɼ‫ٻ‬ΊΔਫ਼౓ʹΑͬͯϜʢBuried Tubing Gas Monitoring System; BT-GMSʣΛ͸‫ؾ‬ମͷঢ়ଶํఔࣜʹ‫͖ͮج‬ɼ‫ؾ‬ѹ΍‫ؾ‬ԹͷมಈΛߟྀ࡞੒͠ɼ೶஍౔৕தͷ CO2 ࿈ଓଌఆΛߦͬͨɽͦͷࡍɼ

͢Δ͜ͱ͕ਪ঑͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ͜ΕʹՃ͑ɼ੺֎ઢͷ೾௕νϡʔϒͷૉࡐ͓Αͼ೑ްͷҧ͍ʹԠͨ͡Ψεಁաੑೳ͸Թ౓ʹԠͯ͡γϑτ͢ΔͨΊɼNDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫׵‬ͷධՁΛߦ͍ɼૉࡐͱͯ͠͸γϦίʔϯΰϜ͕ద͓ͯ͠

‫ࣗث‬ମ΋Թ౓ґଘੑΛ࣋ͭͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽथ໦΍ϦλʔΓɼ͞Βʹͦͷ೑ް͕ബ͍΄ͲɼΨεಁաੑ͕޲্͢Δ

ͷඃ෴͕ͳ͍೶஍౔৕ʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɼ஍Թͷมಈ͸৿ྛ౔͜ͱΛ֬ೝͨ͠ɽͨͩ͠ɼ౔৕தʹ͓͍ͯ͸౔ඃΓѹ͕৕ͱൺ΂ͯେ͖͘ɼग़ྗ஋ͷԹ౓ิਖ਼ͷॏཁੑ͸ߴ͍ɽ

͋ΔͨΊɼΨεಁաੑνϡʔϒ͸͋Δఔ౓ͷ‫͕౓ڧ‬ඞཁҎ্Λ౿·͑ຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼγεςϜͷখ‫ܕ‬Խ‫ͼٴ‬ΨεͰ͋Δɽೈ࣭ͷγϦίʔϯΰϜΛ༻͍Δ৔߹͸ɼ೑ް͕ೱ౓มԽʹର͢ΔԠ౴ੑ޲্ͱ଱ՙॏੑͷཱ྆Λ೦಄

ബ͗͢Δͱ౔ඃΓѹʹ଱͑ΒΕͣͭͿΕͯ͠·͏ͨΊ೑ʹɼখ‫ܕ‬νϡʔϒຒઃ‫౔ܕ‬৕ΨεϞχλϦϯάγες

ްΛബ͘͢Δʹ͸‫ݶ‬ք͕͋Γɼԕ౻Βʢ2010ʣ͸೑ް 4ϜΛ։ൃͨ͠ɽϑΟʔϧυʹ͓͚Δ౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓࿈mmɼ௕͞ 1 m ͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒΛબ୒ͨ͠ɽ͜ͷ৔߹ɼ౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ͷɼ஍Թͷ‫ق‬અมಈʹͱ΋ͳ͏มଓϞχλϦϯάʹద༻͢ΔͨΊʹɼγεςϜʹ༻͍ͨ৅ʹ͍ͭͯ΋ɼఆੑతʹมԽͷ༗ແΛ‫ݕ‬ग़͢Δ͜ͱ͸Մ

NDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ͷԹ౓ґଘੑͷ‫ݕ‬౼΋ߦͬͨɽ·ͨɼγεςϜʹ͸ O2 ηϯα΋౥ࡌ͠ɼད஍೶஍౔৕
த 3 ਂ౓ʹ͓͚Δ౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ͷ࿈ଓϞχλϦϯά
ʹద༻ɼ஍Թͷ‫ق‬અมಈ΍߱Ӎʹର͢Δ౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ೳͰ͋ͬͨɽͨͩ͠ɼ೑ް 4 mm ͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒมಈΛ‫ݕ‬౼ͨ͠ɽಈͷΑ͏ͳ௕प‫ظ‬ͷ‫ݱ‬৅Λଊ͑Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͨɽ·ͨɼCO2 ೱ౓มԽͷ߱Ӎʹର͢ΔԠ౴ͷΑ͏ʹൺֱత଎͍‫ݱ‬͸ɼ֎෦ͷ CO2 ೱ౓ʹରͯ͠ 95 % ฏߧʹୡ͢Δ·Ͱʹ൒೔ఔ౓Λཁͨͨ͠Ίɼ୹࣌ؒͰੜ͡Δ‫ݱ‬৅ͷఆྔతͳ

2. ࡐྉͱํ๏

‫؍‬ଌʹ͸՝୊͕࢒ͬͨɽ·ͨɼγεςϜશମ͕ൺֱతେ

2.1 ຒઃ‫ܕ‬ΨεϞχλϦϯάγεςϜͷখ‫ܕ‬Խ‫͋Ͱܕ‬Γʢ֎‫ ܘ‬28 mmɼ௕͞ 1 mʣɼෳ਺ͷਂ౓ʹຒઃຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸Ψεಁաੑथࢷͱͯ͠ɼ೑ް 0.5 mmɼॎ࿦จɿখ‫ܕ‬νϡʔϒຒઃ‫౔ܕ‬৕ΨεϞχλϦϯάγεςϜΛ༻͍ͨ೶஍౔৕த CO2 Ψεೱ౓มಈͷ‫ݕ‬౼

27

Fig. 2 C-BT-GMS ͷ֓ཁɽ
Outline of C-BT-GMS.

20 cmɼԣ 20 cm ͷγϦίʔϯγʔτΛ༻͍ͨɽԕ౻
Βʢ2010ʣ͕༻͍ͨ΋ͷͱಉ͡೑ް 4 mm ͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒͱຊ‫͍ͨ༻Ͱڀݚ‬γʔτͷஅ໘ͷൺֱΛ Fig.
1 ʹࣔ͢ɽ೑ް 0.5 mm ͷγʔτ͸ɼνϡʔϒঢ়ʹͳΔΑ͏ʹ‫ؙ‬ΊΔͱ‫౓ڧ‬ෆ଍ͷͨΊஅ໘͕ԁ‫ܗ‬Λอͯͣପ

System; C-BT-GMSɼFig. 2ʣʯͱ‫Ϳݺ‬ɽͳ͓ɼຊ‫ʹڀݚ‬͓͍ͯ͸ɼ౔৕தͷʮΨεೱ౓ʯΛɼ౔৕த‫ؾ‬૬ମੵ͋ͨΓͷɼର৅ͱ͢ΔΨεମੵͷׂ߹ [m3 m−3 ] ͱ͠ɼମੵඦ෼཰ [%] Ͱද͢͜ͱͱ͢ΔɽγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ྆୺ͷખʹ͸͞ΒʹɼεςϯϨε

ԁঢ়ʹͭͿΕΔɽͦ͜Ͱຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼ౔தຒઃ࣌ͷ౔ඃύΠϓʢ֎‫ ܘ‬2 mmʣΛऔΓ෇͚ɼ͜Εʹ஍্ʹͭͳ͕Γѹʹ଱͑ΔͨΊɼϓϥενοΫϝογϡύΠϓʢΰϧΔφΠϩϯ੡ͷ௨‫༻ؾ‬νϡʔϒΛऔΓ෇͚ͨɽφΠϩϯR ɼϝογϡαΠζ 2.5
ϑΫϥϒϓϩςΫλʔ ωτϩϯνϡʔϒ͸ɼ଱ީੑɼ଱۶‫ۂ‬ർ࿑ੑʹ༏Εɼ౔৕தͰ΋mmɼ಺‫ ܘ‬30 mmʣʹγϦίʔϯγʔτΛ‫͗ܧ͍ͯר‬໨Λ઀ணࡎʢεʔύʔ XɼηϝμΠϯʣͰີ෧͢Δͱͱ΋ྼԽ͠ʹ͍͘ར఺͕͋Δɽ·ͨɼφΠϩϯͷ CO2 Ψεಁաੑ͸ɼγϦίʔϯΰϜͷಁաੑͷ͓Αͦ 10−5 ഒͱʹɼԁ౵ঢ়ʹ‫ؙ‬ΊͨεςϯϨε੡ͷ໢ʢϝογϡαΠζ

௿͍ʢ೔ຊ઼ੑՃ޻ֶձ, 1988ʣɽ͜ͷ௨‫༻ؾ‬νϡʔϒ

0.5 mmʣΛϓϥενοΫϝογϡύΠϓ಺ʹૠೖͯ͠ิ

ͷઌ୺ʹ͸ࡾํίοΫΛऔΓ෇͚ɼ௨ৗ͸ίοΫΛด͡‫ͨ͠ڧ‬ɽ͜ͷͱ͖ɼϓϥενοΫϝογϡύΠϓͷ྆୺ͨঢ়ଶʹͨ͠ɽ‫ޙ‬ड़͢ΔϑΟʔϧυϞχλϦϯάʹ͓͍͸ɼΞΫϦϧ੡ͷખΛ࡞੒ͯ͠ดͨ͡ɽ͜ͷખ͸ɼ௚‫ܘ‬ͯ͸ɼ໿൒೥ʹҰ౓ɼίοΫΛ։์͠௨‫༻ؾ‬νϡʔϒͷ

34 mmɼ௕͞ 15 mm ͷΞΫϦϧ๮ΛɼҰ୺͔Β௕͞ 10
mm ·Ͱͷ෦෼Λ௚‫ ܘ‬29.8 mmʢϓϥενοΫϝογϡ

ઌ୺͔Β஠ૉΨεΛ஫ೖ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯγϦίʔϯύΠϓ಺‫ܘ‬ΑΓ΍΍ࡉ͍ʣʹͳΔΑ͏ʹ࡟ͬͯತ‫͠ʹܗ‬νϡʔϒ಺ͷۭ‫ؾ‬Λ௥͍ग़͢ʮϑϥογϡʯ࡞‫ۀ‬Λߦͬͨɽϑϥογϡͷ‫ޙ‬ɼࡾํίοΫΛด͡ɼ࠶ͼγϦίʔͯ࡞੒͠ɼϓϥενοΫϝογϡύΠϓʹ઀ணͨ͠ɽ·ϯνϡʔϒ಺ͷۭ‫౔ͱؾ‬৕ۭ‫ؾ‬Λฏߧͤ͞ɼCO2 ೱ౓ଌͨɼ͜ͷΞΫϦϧ੡ͷખͱϓϥενοΫϝογϡύΠϓ

ఆΛଓ͚ͨɽͦͯ͠ϑϥογϡ‫ޙ‬͸ɼ‫ޙ‬ड़ͷΑ͏ʹग़ྗʹ‫͍ͨר‬γϦίʔϯγʔτΛ઀ணࡎʢεʔύʔ XʣͰ઀஋ͱ CO2 ೱ౓ͷΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯࣜͷमਖ਼Λߦͬͨɽணͨ͠ɽ͞ΒʹɼγϦίʔϯγʔτͷ্͔ΒεςϯϨε

ͳ͓ɼγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ΍ϑϥογϡ༻εςϯϨε

ͷ਑ۚΛ‫ݻ͚͖ͯͭר‬ఆͨ͠ɽҎԼɼεςϯϨε੡ͷ໢ύΠϓɼηϯαྨͱΞΫϦϧ੡ͷખͷ઀߹෦ʹ͸ɼγʔΛ‫ؙ‬Ίͯ࡞ͬͨԁ౵ɼϓϥενοΫϝογϡύΠϓ‫ͼٴ‬ϦϯάࡎʢόείʔΫɼηϝμΠϯʣΛృΓɼγϦίʔγϦίʔϯγʔτΛ߹ΘͤͯɼʮγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒʯͱϯγʔτΛհͨ͠Ψε֦ࢄҎ֎͸ɼγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ‫Ϳݺ‬ɽΞΫϦϧ੡ͷખʹ͸݀Λ։͚ɼγϦίʔϯνϡʔ಺֎ͷΨεҠಈ͕ͳ͍Α͏ཹҙͨ͠ɽϒͷҰ୺ʹ NDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ʢGMM221ɼೱ౓

2.2 C-BT-GMS ͷԠ౴ੑͷ֬ೝൣғ 0 ∼ 5%ɼVaisalaʣɼଞ୺ʹΨϧόχి஑ࣜ O2 ηϯΨεಁաੑͷධՁࢦඪͷҰͭʹɼ95 % ฏߧ࣌ؒʢԕ౻

αʢKE-12ɼGS ϢΞαʣ‫ͼٴ‬ಔ–ίϯελϯλϯ‫ܕ‬೤ిΒ, 2010ʣ͕͋Δɽ͜Ε͸ɼνϡʔϒ಺֎ͷΨεೱ౓ʹࠩରͷηϯα෦Λ෧ೖͨ͠ɽGMM221 ͸ҹՃిѹ 11 ∼18

V Ͱಈ࡞͢ΔͨΊɼσʔλϩΨʔʢCR1000ɼCampbellʣΛ༻͍ͯɼଌఆલͷ 30 ඵؒͷஆ‫ؾ‬ӡస࣌‫ͼٴ‬ଌఆ࣌ʹ
12 V Λ‫ͨ͠څڙ‬ɽଌఆ࣌ʹ͸ɼCO2 ೱ౓ɼγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺Թ౓ɼO2 ೱ౓ͷσʔλΛ‫ه‬࿥ͨ͠ɽҎԼɼγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒͱ GMM221 ͷηϯα෦ɼ೤ిର‫ͼٴ‬O2 ηϯαΛ߹Θͤͯʮখ‫ܕ‬νϡʔϒຒઃ‫ܕ‬ΨεϞχλ
ϦϯάγεςϜʢCompact Buried Tubing Gas Monitoring͕͋Δͱ͖ʹɼͦͷೱ౓͕ࠩॳ‫ظ‬ͷ 5 % ʹͳΔ·Ͱͷ࣌ؒͱఆٛ͢Δɽ͜ͷࢦඪΛ༻͍ͯɼຊ‫࡞Ͱڀݚ‬੒ͨ͠೑ް 0.5 mm ͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒΛ࢖༻ͨ͠ C-BT-GMS‫ͼٴ‬ɼԕ౻Βʢ2010ʣͱಉ͡೑ް 4 mmɼ௕͞ 1 m ͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒΛ༗͢ BT-GMS ͷԠ౴ੑΛൺֱͨ͠ɽ
લऀʹ͍ͭͯ͸େ‫ؾ‬தͱਫதɼ‫͍ͯͭʹऀޙ‬͸େ‫ؾ‬தͷΈʹ͓͍ͯɼ95 % ฏߧ࣌ؒΛଌఆͨ͠ɽ

25 ◦ C Ұఆͷ߃Թࣨʹ͓͍ͯɼελϯυʹ C-BT-GMS

28౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 124 ߸ɹ (2013)

ஔ͠ɼCO2 ೱ౓ͷมԽΛ‫ه‬࿥ͨ͠ɽ·ͨɼԕ౻Βʢ2010ʣ

͸ TDR100ʢCampbellʣʹ઀ଓͨ͠ TDRʢTime Domain
Reﬂectometryʣηϯαʢࣗ࡞ʣΛ༻͍ͨɽ͜ΕΒͷ೤ిର‫ ͼٴ‬TDR100 ͸σʔλϩΨʔʢCR10X, Campbellʣʹ઀ଓ͠ɼ20 ෼͝ͱʹσʔλΛ‫ه‬࿥ͨ͠ɽͳ͓ɼTDR ηϯαͷग़ྗ஋ʢൺ༠ి཰ʣ͸ɼMaxwell - De Loor - Dobson
ϞσϧʢDobson et al., 1985; Dirksen and Dasberg, 1993ʣͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒΛऔΓ෇͚ɼେ‫ؾ‬த·ͨ͸ਫΛுͬͨਫ૧தʹ੩ஔͨ͠ɽͦͯ͠ɼC-BT-GMS ͷ௨‫ؾ‬༻νϡʔϒͷҰ୺͔Βɼ໿ 5 % ͷ CO2 ΨεΛγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ༰ੵͷ໿ 1.5 ഒૹΓࠐΈɼ௨‫༻ؾ‬νϡʔϒͷίοΫΛดͨ͡ɽ ͦͷ࣌఺Λ։࢝࣌ࠁͱͯͦ͠ͷ··์ͱಉ‫ܕ‬ͷ೑ް 4 mmɼ௕͞ 1 m ͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒΛΛ༻͍ͯମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ʹ‫ͨ͠ࢉ׵‬ɽ‫ʹࢉ׵‬ඞཁͳɼ֤౔৕

༗͢ BT-GMS Λ༻͍ͨಉ༷ͷࢼ‫͍͓ͯʹݧ‬͸ɼνϡʔͷൺද໘ੵͳͲͷ෺ੑ஋͸ɼKato et al.ʢ2011ʣΛࢀরϒ಺ۭ‫ؾ‬ͷҰ෦Λ 99.9 % ͷ CO2 ඪ४ΨεͰஔ‫͠׵‬ɼͨ͠ɽνϡʔϒ಺Λ֎෦ͱൺ΂ͯߴೱ౓ʹͨ͠ঢ়ଶΛॳ‫ظ‬৚݅༻͍ɼࢼ‫ݧ‬த͸ৗʹϞʔλʔͰϓϩϖϥΛճͯ͠᎟፩͠

C-BT-GMS Λ౔৕தʹຒઃ͢Δࡍ͸ɼะ৔ʹਂ͞ 70cm ͷஅ໘Λग़͠ɼਂ͞ 10 – 15ɼ20 – 25ɼ50 – 55 cm ͷҐஔʹɼ஍ද໘ʹਫฏʹɼ௕͞ 20 cmɼԞߦ͖ 5 cm ఔ౓ͷͨɽ·ͨɼC-BT-GMS ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼେ‫ؾ‬தɼਫதͷࢼ‫ݧ‬ߔΛ࡞ΓɼͦͷߔʹγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒΛ͸ΊࠐΜͩ‫ޙ‬ɼͱ΋ಉҰͷ‫ݸ‬ମΛ༻͍ͨɽ౔ΛຒΊ໭ͨ͠ɽC-BT-GMS ͷ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ͼٴث׵‬೤ͱͨ͠ɽͳ͓ɼਫதͷࢼ‫ʹݧ‬͸ 1 ೔‫ټ‬Έஔ͍ͨਫಓਫΛ

2.3 C-BT-GMS ͷԹ౓ґଘੑิਖ਼ిର͸ɼઌड़ͷΑ͏ʹσʔλϩΨʔʢCR1000, Campbellʣ

2 ηοτͷ C-BT-GMS Λ߃ԹνϟϯόʔʢΤεϖοʹ઀ଓ͠ɼ20 ෼͝ͱʹσʔλΛ‫ه‬࿥ͨ͠ɽσʔλ‫ه‬࿥Ϋʣͷதʹ੩ஔ͠ɼԹ౓Λ਺ஈ֊มԽͤͨ͞ͱ͖ͷग़ྗ‫ޙ‬ɼγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺֎Ͱଌఆͨ͠஍ԹΛൺֱ͠ɼಉ

ͷมԽ͔ΒɼNDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ͷԹ౓ґଘੑΛ֬͡ਂ͞Ͱ͸΄΅౳͍͜͠ͱΛ֬ೝͨ͠ʢσʔλඇ‫ࡌܝ‬ʣɽೝͨ͠ɽ߃Թνϟϯόʔ͸ɼϑΝϯʹΑͬͯνϟϯόʔ·ͨɼઌड़ͷΑ͏ʹ൒೥ʹҰ౓ɼγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺಺ͷۭ‫ؾ‬Λ᎟፩͠ɼνϟϯόʔ಺ͷۭ‫ؾ‬ͷԹ౓͕‫ۉ‬Ұʹʹ७ N2 ΨεΛૹΓࠐΈɼγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺ʹଘࡏͳΔΑ͏ʹઃ‫͞ܭ‬Ε͍ͯΔɽຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸߃Թνϟϯόʔ

͍ͯ͠Δۭ‫ؾ‬ΛૹΓग़͢ʮϑϥογϡʯ࡞‫ۀ‬Λߦͬͨɽ಺ͷԹ౓Λ൒೔Ҏ্Ұఆʹ͠ɼͦͷؒʹηϯαͷग़ྗ஋͕҆ఆ͢Δ͜ͱΛ֬ೝͨ͠ɽGMM221 ͷม‫ث׵‬෦෼΍

C-BT-GMS ͷ‫ূݕ‬ͷͨΊɼผ్Ψε࠾औ؅ʢҪຊΒ,
2003ʣΛૠೖ‫ޙ‬ɼ໿൒೥ؒઃஔ͠ɼC-BT-GMS ͱಉ͡ 3σʔλϩΨʔɼόοςϦʔྨ͸͢΂ͯɼ֎෦Թ౓ͷӨ‫ڹ‬఺ͷਂ͔͞ΒదٓΨεΛ࠾औͨ͠ɽ࠾औͨ͠αϯϓϧ͸

Λड͚ͳ͍Α͏ʹஅ೤ࡐΛ‫͖ר‬ɼ߃Թνϟϯόʔͷ֎ʹਅۭόΠΞϧʹҠ࣮ͯ͠‫ؼͪ࣋ʹࣨݧ‬ΓɼΨεΫϩϚτ

ஔ͍ͨɽ

άϥϑʢGC-2014, SHIMADZUʣΛ༻͍ͯఆྔͨ͠ɽ

2.4 C-BT-GMS ͷ໺֎‫؍‬ଌ΁ͷద༻౦‫ژ‬େֶେֶӃ೶ֶੜ໋Պֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պෟଐੜଶௐ࿨೶ֶ
‫಺ߏػ‬ͷ 3S ะ৔ʢ౦‫౎ژ‬੢౦‫ ;ࢢژ‬35◦ 44’ 13” Nɼ139◦

32’ 30” Eʣʹ͓͍ͯɼ2010 ೥ 8 ݄ 28 ೔͔Β 2011 ೥ 10
݄ 31 ೔·ͰɼC-BT-GMS Λ༻͍ͯਂ͞ 10ɼ20ɼ50 cm
ͷ CO2 ೱ౓ͷ࿈ଓϞχλϦϯάΛߦͬͨɽಉ࣌ʹɼಉ͡ͳ͓ɼϑΟʔϧυϞχλϦϯάʹ༻͍ͨ 3 ηοτͷC-BT-GMS ͱɼԹ౓ґଘੑࢼ‫ ͍ͨ༻ʹݧ‬2 ηοτͷ CBT-GMS ͸શͯผ‫ݸ‬ମͰ͋Δɽ
2.5 C-BT-GMS ͷΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯϯά։࢝ͷ໿ 2 ೥લʢ2008 ೥ 8 ݄ʣʹɼ10 m ࢛ํΛਂ͞ຊ‫ ͨ͠༻࢖Ͱڀݚ‬CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ ث׵‬GMM γϦʔζ͸ɼ
CO2 ೱ౓ͱग़ྗʢిѹʣ஋ͷؒʹઢ‫͕͋܎ؔܗ‬Δ͜ͱ
͕ใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽͦ͜Ͱɼะ৔ʹຒઃͨ͠ 3 ηοτͷC-BT-GMS ಺ͷ GMM221 ʹ͍ͭͯɼҎԼͷํ๏ͰΩϟ

10 cm ఔ౓·ͰϩʔλϦʔϓϥ΢Λ͔͚ͯ۷Γ‫͜͠ى‬ɼϦϒϨʔγϣϯΛߦͬͨɽਂ͞ͷ౔৕ਫ෼ͱ஍Թ΋ଌఆͨ͠ɽะ৔͸ɼຊϞχλϦҰ༷ͳʮད஍ʯͱͨ͠ɽͦͷ‫ޙ‬ɼదٓআ૲ࡎʢϥ΢ϯυ

C-BT-GMS Λຒઃͨ͠‫ޙ‬ɼ஍্ʹग़ͨ͠௨‫༻ؾ‬φΠΞοϓϚοΫεϩʔυɼ ೔࢈Խֶ޻‫ۀ‬ʣΛࢄ෍ɼ͋Δ͍

ϩϯνϡʔϒͷҰํ͔ΒɼγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒͷ༰ੵͷ͸ࠜͦ͗͜खͰൈ͘͜ͱʹΑͬͯࡶ૲Λআ‫͠ڈ‬ɼϞχλϦϯάऴྃ࣌·Ͱད஍Λҡ࣋ͨ͠ɽͦͷࡍɼC-BT-GMS

1.5 ഒఔ౓ͷ CO2 ඪ४ΨεʢCO2 = 0.970 % ͱ 2.91 %ʣɼ
७ N2 ΨεʢCO2 = 0.0 %ʣΛ஫ೖ͠ɼγϦίʔϯνϡʔΛຒઃͨ͠पғ 2 m ఔ౓ʹ͸ɼআ૲ࡎ͕͔͔Βͳ͍Α͏ϒ಺Λ͜ΕΒͷΨεͰຬͨͨ͠ɽ͜ͷͱ͖ɼॳΊʹγϦʹཹҙͨ͠ɽะ৔ͷ౔৕͸ɼ஍ද໘͔Βਂ͞ 35 cm ͕ࠇίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺ʹଘࡏ͍ͯͨ͠Ψε͸ɼ΋͏Ұํͷ௨ϘΫ౔ʢ౔ੑ Loamʣɼ35 cm ΑΓԼ͸ཱ઒ϩʔϜ౔ʢ౔‫༻ؾ‬νϡʔϒͷίοΫΛ։͚ɼ஍্ʹ௥͍ग़ͨ͠ɽ

ੑ Light ClayʣͰ͋ͬͨʢKato et al., 2011ʣɽ·ͨɼࠇγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺ʹඪ४ΨεΛຬͨͨ͋͠ͱɼηϘΫ౔ɼཱ઒ϩʔϜ౔ͷฏ‫࣪ۉ‬५ີ౓͸ͦΕͧΕ 1.20ɼ

ϯαग़ྗ஋ΛಡΈऔΓɼඪ४Ψεͷೱ౓ͱରԠͤͯ͞ά

1.05 [Mg m−3 ] Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ͕ͨͬͯ͠ɼ50 cm ਂ͞ʹ͓
͚Δ C-BT-GMS ͕ड͚Δ౔ඃΓѹ͸ɼ
1.20 × (9.8 × 103 ) [Nm−3 ] × 0.35 [m]+ 1.05 × (9.8 × 103 ) [Nm−3 ] × 0.15 [m] = 5.66 [kNm−2 ]Ͱ͋Δɽ஍Թ͸ɼC-BT-GMS ͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺ʹ෧ೖϥϑʹϓϩοτͨ͠ɽͳ͓ɼ2 छྨͷೱ౓ͷ CO2 ඪ४ΨεΛ஫ೖͨ͠ͷ͕ 2010 ೥ 9 ݄ 9 ೔ʢ஍Թ໿ 25 ∼ 26

◦ Cʣ
ɼN2 ΨεΛ஫ೖͨ͠ͷ͕ 2011 ೥ 1 ݄ 6 ೔ʢ஍Թ໿
3 ∼ 8 ◦ CʣͰ͋ͬͨͨΊɼ‫ऀޙ‬ͷσʔλʹରͯ͠͸ઌड़ͷԹ౓ิਖ਼Λߦ͍ 25 ◦ C ͷͱ͖ͷग़ྗ஋ʹ‫͔ͯ͠ࢉ׵‬ΒΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯࣜΛ‫ٻ‬Ίͨɽ·ͨɼC-BT-GMS Ͱ࢖ͨ͠೤ిରͱ͸ผʹɼ౔৕தʹಔ–ίϯελϯλϯ‫ܕ‬ͷ༻ͨ͠ηϯα GMM221 ͱಉ͡γϦʔζͷ NDIR ࣜ CO2

೤ిରΛຒઃͯ͠ଌఆͨ͠ɽ·ͨɼ౔৕ਫ෼ྔͷଌఆʹೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ʢGMM222, ߴೱ౓༻ʣͷηϯα෦ͷ 90 % Ԡ࿦จɿখ‫ܕ‬νϡʔϒຒઃ‫౔ܕ‬৕ΨεϞχλϦϯάγεςϜΛ༻͍ͨ೶஍౔৕த CO2 Ψεೱ౓มಈͷ‫ݕ‬౼

29

3. ݁Ռͱߟ࡯
3.1 C-BT-GMS ͷԠ౴ੑ
Fig. 3 ʹɼຊ‫࡞Ͱڀݚ‬੒ͨ͠ C-BT-GMS ͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒʢ೑ް 0.5 mmʣ‫ͼٴ‬ɼԕ౻Βʢ2010ʣͱಉ‫ܕ‬ͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒʢ೑ް 4 mmʣ಺ʹ CO2 ඪ४ΨεΛຬͨͨ͠‫ޙ‬ͷɼγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺ CO2 ೱ౓ʢ࣮‫ݧ‬։࢝࣌ͷ CO2 ೱ౓Λ‫ج‬४ͱͨ͠૬ରೱ౓ʣͷ‫࣌ܦ‬มԽΛࣔ͢ɽਫதɼେ‫ؾ‬தͲͪΒͷ৔߹΋ɼࢼ‫ݧ‬։࢝‫ʹ͙͢ޙ‬ɼγϦίʔϯΛհͯ͠Ψεͷ֦ࢄҠಈ͕࢝·ͬͨɽͦͯ͠ɼ
γϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺ͷ CO2 ೱ౓͸͋Δఔ౓·Ͱ͸‫ٸ‬
Fig. 3 େ‫ؾ‬த‫ͼٴ‬ਫதʹ͓͚ΔγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺ͷ CO2ܹʹ‫ݮ‬গ͠ɼͦͷ‫ޙ‬ɼ؇΍͔ʹฏߧঢ়ଶʹ͍ۙͮͨɽຊ

ೱ౓มԽɽࢼ‫͍ͨ༻Ͱݧ‬γϦίʔϯνϡʔϒͷɼେ‫ؾ‬தʹ͓͚Δ 95% ฏߧ࣌ؒ͸ɼγϦίʔϯͷ೑ް͕ 4 mm ͷ৔߹ʹ 1175෼Ͱ͋ͬͨͷʹର͠ɼ೑ް 0.5 mm ʹ͢Δͱ 104 ෼ͱ͓Αͦ 11 ෼ͷ 1 ʹ୹͘ͳͬͨɽ·ͨɼ೑ް 0.5 mm ͷ৔߹ɼਫதʹ͓͚Δ 95 % ฏߧ࣌ؒ͸ 128 ෼Ͱ͋Γɼԕ౻Βʢ2010ʣͱಉ༷ɼେ‫ؾ‬தͱൺ΂ΔͱਫதͰ͸ฏߧ࣌ؒ

Changes in CO2 concentration in the silicone tube in the atmosphere and submerged into water.

͕௕͘ͳͬͨɽ

3.2 C-BT-GMS ͷԹ౓ґଘੑ‫ͼٴ‬ΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯ݁Ռ

Fig. 4 ʹɼԹ౓ґଘੑࢼ‫ݧ‬தͷ߃Թνϟϯόʔ಺ͱɼೋͭͷ C-BT-GMSʢAɼB ͱ͢ΔʣͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔ
Fig. 4 ߃Թνϟϯό಺ͱ C-BT-GMS γϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺‫ͼٴ‬ϩΨʔपลͷԹ౓มԽ ʢ֤෦Թ౓͸ 4 ࣌ؒฏ‫ۉ‬஋ɽ10/30
͔Β 11/3 ͸ଌఆΛதஅ͠ɼ߃Թνϟϯό‫ͼٴ‬σʔλϩΨʔͷϒ಺ʹ෧ೖͨ͠೤ిରͰଌఆͨ͠Թ౓ͷมԽɼ‫ͼٴ‬νϟϯόʔͷ֎ʹ੩ஔͨ͠ϩΨʔपลͷԹ౓มԽΛࣔ͢ɽ͜ి‫ݯ‬Λ੾͍ͬͯͨͨΊɼܽଌͰ͋Δɽʣ͜ͰɼʮϩΨʔपลͷԹ౓ʯ͸ɼϩΨʔͷύωϧ্ʹઃஔ

Changes in 4-hour averaged temperature of inside of the constanttemperature chamber, silicone tubes and around data logger. Values are missing from 30th Oct. to 3rd Nov.).

ͨ͠αʔϛελʹΑͬͯଌఆͨ͠Թ౓Ͱ͋Γɼઌड़ͷΑ͏ʹ࣮‫ݧ‬த͸αʔϛελ‫ͼٴ‬ϩΨʔ͸அ೤ࡐͰแ·Ε͍ͯͨɽೋͭͷ C-BT-GMS ͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺ɼ‫ٴ‬ͼνϟϯόʔ಺ʢγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒͷ֎ʣͷԹ౓͸΄΅Ұக͠ɼνϟϯόʔͷઃఆԹ౓ͱ΄΅౳͔ͬͨ͠ɽ·ͨɼνϟϯόʔͷ֎ʹ͓͍ͨϩΨʔपลͷԹ౓͸ɼ࣮‫ݧ‬ࣨͷԹ౓௿Լʹͱ΋ͳ͍࣮‫ؒظݧ‬Λ௨ͯ͠ 25 ◦ C ͔Β 20◦ C ʹ؇΍͔ʹԼ͕߱ͨ͠ɼຊࢼ‫΁ݧ‬ͷӨ‫ڹ‬͸খ͍͞ͱߟ

͑ΒΕΔɽ

Fig. 5 ʹɼνϟϯόʔ಺Թ౓ͱɼͦͷԹ౓৚݅Լʹ͓
͚ΔɼC-BT-GMSʢA, Bʣʹ෧ೖͨ͠ GMM221 ͷग़ྗ஋ฏ‫ۉ‬஋ͷؔ܎Λࣔ͢ɽ·ͨɼ25 ◦ C ʹ͓͚Δग़ྗ஋Λ‫ج‬४ͱ͠ɼ‫ؾ‬ମͷঢ়ଶํఔࣜʹ‫͍ࣜͯͮج‬ʢ1ʣͷΑ͏ʹԹ౓มԽΛߟྀͨ͠ิਖ਼஋΋ซͤͯࣔ͢ʢFig. 5ɼதൈFig. 5 Թ౓ͱ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ͷग़ྗ஋ͷؔ܎ʢதൈ͖ϓϩοτ͸ 25 ˆʹ͓͚Δग़ྗ஋Λ‫ج‬४ͱ͠ɼ‫ؾ‬ମͷঢ়ଶํఔࣜʹ‫͍ͯͮج‬Թ౓ิਖ਼Λͨ͠৔߹ͷ‫ࢉܭ‬஋ʣɽ

Relationship between temperature and output of CO2 sensors(Open symbols mean corrected values based on gas state equation.)౴࣌ؒ͸ɼ‫͕͋ࠩث‬Δ͕ 150 ∼ 280 ඵఔ౓ͱใࠂ͞Εͯ
͍Δʢߔ‫ · ޱ‬େ୩ɼ2005ʣɽ͜ΕΛߟྀ͠ɼඪ४ΨεΛෳ਺ճʹ෼͚ͯ஫ೖͨ͋͠ͱɼ1 ෼ִؒͰ 3 ճҎ্ग़ྗ஋ΛಡΜͩɽ͖ͷγϯϘϧʣɽXP T  = XPTP TP (273 + 25)
=
X
PT
PT 
P (273 + t  )(1)

͜͜ͰɼXPT [mV] ͸ѹྗ P [hPa]ɼԹ౓ T [K] = 298[K] = 25 [◦ C] ͷͱ͖ͷग़ྗ஋Ͱ͋Γɼѹྗ͕ P [hPa]ɼ
Թ౓͕ T  [K]= t  [◦ C] ʹมԽͨ͠৔߹ͷग़ྗ஋Λ XP T [mV] ͱ͢Δɽͨͩ͠ɼFig. 5 Ͱ͸ɼѹྗ͸มԽ͠ͳ͍
ʢP = P ʣͱԾఆͨ͠ɽ
Թ౓ґଘੑࢼ‫ݧ‬த͸νϟϯόʔͷ൶Λ։͚ͳ͔ͬͨͨ

30౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 124 ߸ɹ (2013)Α͏ʹ C-BT-GMSʢA, Bʣ಺ͷ GMM221 Λ༻͍ͯಘΒΕͨೋຊͷ௚ઢͷ܏͖ͷฏ‫ۉ‬ʢ−0.8844ʣΛ܏͖ͱ͢Δ௚ઢʹΑͬͯɼC-BT-GMS ग़ྗ஋ͷԹ౓ิਖ਼ΛࢼΈͨɽ‫ج‬४Λ 25 ◦ C ͱఆΊɼνϡʔϒ಺ͷԹ౓ t  ◦ C ͱ‫ج‬४Թ౓ͷࠩ Δt = t  − 25 [◦ C] Λ‫ٻ‬ΊΔɽ25 ◦ C ΑΓ΋ Δt ◦ CߴԹͷͱ͖ɼग़ྗ஋͸ɼΔX = 0.8844 × (Δt) [mV] ௿͘ͳΔɽͦ͜Ͱ t  ◦ C ͷͱ͖ͷग़ྗ஋ = Xt ◦ C [mV] ͔Β ΔX[mV] ΛҾ͖ɼิਖ਼஋ X25◦ C = Xt ◦ C − ΔX [mV] Λ‫ٻ‬Ίͨɽ
·ͱΊΔͱɼ
Fig. 6 25 ˆ৚݅Լͷ CO2 ೱ౓ͱ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ͷग़ྗ஋ͷؔ܎ɽ

Relationship between CO2 concentration and output of NDIR
CO2 sensors under 25 ˆ condition.

X25◦ C = Xt ◦ C − ΔX = Xt ◦ C − 0.8844 × (t  − 25)(2)ҎԼʹࣔ͢ C-BT-GMS ʹΑͬͯଌఆͨ͠ CO2 ೱ౓ͷ஋͸ɼஅΓ͕ͳ͍‫ݶ‬Γ͸Թ౓ิਖ਼Λࢪͨ͠஋Ͱ͋Δɽ

Fig. 6 ʹຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬ะ৔ʹຒઃͨ͠ 3 ηοτͷ C-BTGMSʢNo.1 ∼ 3ʣͷग़ྗ஋– CO2 ೱ౓ͷΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯ݁ՌΛࣔ͢ɽFig. 5 ͷΑ͏ʹɼಉ͡‫ܕ‬ͷม‫Ͱث׵‬͋ͬͯ΋ɼಉ͡ೱ౓ԼͰҟͳΔग़ྗ஋Λࣔͨ͢Ίɼग़ྗ஋Λ CO2 ೱ౓ʹ‫͢ࢉ׵‬Δࡍ͸ɼม‫ث׵‬ͷ‫ݸ‬ମ͝ͱʹΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯࣜΛܾఆͨ͠ɽ

Fig. 7ʢaʣʢbʣʹɼʮϑϥογϡʯ‫ޙ‬ͷ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫׵‬‫ͼٴث‬Ψϧόχి஑ࣜ O2 ηϯαͷग़ྗ஋ͷ‫࣌ܦ‬มԽΛࣔ͢ɽͨͩ͠ɼϑϥογϡ࡞‫Ͱۀ‬͸ɼγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ༰ੵͷ 1.5 ഒఔ౓ͷ७ N2 ΨεΛૹΓࠐΉͷʹ໿ 3 ෼
Λཁ͠ɼFig. 7 Ͱ͸ C-BT-GMS ͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒʹ७஠ૉΨεΛૹΓࠐΈ࢝Ίͨ࣌఺Λ 0 ෼ͱͨ͠ɽ·ͨɼFig. 7ʢbʣ͸ɼϑϥογϡ։࢝ 2 ෼લ͔Β։࢝‫ ޙ‬20 ෼·Ͱͷ֤ηϯαͷग़ྗ஋มԽΛ֦େ͍ͯࣔͯ͠͠ΔɽγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺ʹ N2 ΨεΛૹΓࠐΉͱɼγϦίʔ
Fig. 7 ʮϑϥογϡʯ‫ޙ‬ͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺ͷ CO2 ‫ͼٴ‬O2 ೱ౓ͷ‫࣌ܦ‬มԽɽʢN2 Ψε஫ೖ։࢝࣌Λ 0 ෼ͱ͢Δɽʢbʣ
͸ N2 Ψε։࢝ 2 ෼લ͔Β 20 ෼ؒఔ౓Λ֦େͨ͠.ʣ
Changes in outputs of CO2 and O2 sensors during and after substitution of air in theʠsilicone tubeʡ with N2 gas. (b) is theextension of the beginning of substitution. 0 [min.] is the time
when injection of N2 gas was started.

Ίɼνϟϯόʔ಺ͷ CO2 ೱ౓͸ࢼ‫ؒظݧ‬Λ௨ͯ͠΄ͱΜͲมԽ͕ͳ͔ͬͨͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽͦΕʹ΋ؔΘΒͣɼνϟϯόʔ಺Թ౓ͷมԽʹͱ΋ͳ͍ɼGMM221 ͷग़ྗ஋͸ɼ‫ؾ‬ମͷঢ়ଶํఔࣜʹ‫͞ࢉܭ͍ͯͮج‬ΕΔมԽͱൺ΂ͯେ͖ͳมԽΛࣔͨ͠ɽ͜Ε͸ɼNDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ͷԹ౓ґଘੑͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽຊࢼ‫Ͱݧ‬ઃఆͨ͠ −10◦ C ͔Β 40 ◦ C ͷൣғͰ͸Թ౓௿Լʹͱ΋ͳ͍ CO ೱ
2౓ม‫ث׵‬ͷग़ྗ஋͸૿Ճ͢Δ܏޲͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕɼҰ࣍ؔ਺ʹΑͬͯߴ͍ܾఆ܎਺ͰۙࣅͰ͖ͨɽଟ߲ࣜ΍ࢦ਺ؔ਺ۙ
ࣅͷ৔߹ɼηϯαʹΑͬͯࢦ਺ɼ܎਺͕ҟͳΔͨΊɼৗʹηϯα‫ݸ‬ମ͝ͱʹԹ౓ิਖ਼ࣜΛఆΊΔඞཁ͕͋ΔɽҰ࣍ؔ਺ۙࣅͷ৔߹΋ηϯαʹΑͬͯ੾ย͕ҟͳΔ͕ɼะ
৔Ͱର৅ͱ͍ͯ͠ΔԹ౓ൣғʢ໿ −5 ◦ C ͔Β໿ 40 ◦ CʣͰ͸܏͖͸΄΅౳͔ͬͨ͠ɽͦ͜Ͱຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼҎԼͷ

Fig. 8 C-BT-GMS ͱΨε࠾औ؅Λ༻͍ͯଌఆͨ͠ਂ͞ 10,
20, 50 cm ʹ͓͚Δ౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ ʢ2011 ೥ 6 ݄͔Β 10 ݄ͷਂ͞ 20 cm ‫ ͼٴ‬50 cm ʹ͓͚Δ‫؍‬ଌ஋ͷৼΕ͸ɼ݁ઢͷ؇ΈͷͨΊͱߟ͑ΒΕΔʣɽ

CO2 concentration at depths of 10, 20 and 50cm observed with CBT-GMSs and gas sampling pipes. Fluctuation of observed data
at depths of 20 and 50 cm from Jun. to Oct. 2011 might be due
to loose of wire connection.

࿦จɿখ‫ܕ‬νϡʔϒຒઃ‫౔ܕ‬৕ΨεϞχλϦϯάγεςϜΛ༻͍ͨ೶஍౔৕த CO2 Ψεೱ౓มಈͷ‫ݕ‬౼Table 1 2010 ೥ 10 ݄͔Β 2011 ೥ 3 ݄ͷɼਂ͞ 10, 20, 50
cm ʹ͓͚Δ݄ฏ‫ۉ‬஍ԹɽMonthly averaged soil temperature at depths of 10ɼ20, and 50
cm from Oct. 2010 to Mar. 2011.

31

͸ 2010 ೥ 9 ݄ 9 ೔ɼಉ೥ 10 ݄ 15 ೔ɼ2011 ೥ 1 ݄ 6
೔ͷ 3 ճ͸ɼ࠾औͨ͠Ψεͷఆྔ݁Ռ͕ C-BT-GMS ͷଌఆ݁ՌΛେ͖͘Լճ͓ͬͯΓɼ͜ΕΒͷ 3 ճ෼Λআ͘
ͱɼ20 cmɼ50 cm ਂʹ͓͚Δ RMSE ͸ͦΕͧΕ 0.0570

10 cm
20 cm
50 cm

Oct.
(2010)

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.
(2011)

Feb.

Mar.

18.4
19.3
20.3

11.4
13.0
15.3

7.2
9.0
11.6

3.0
4.9
8.0

5.2
5.8
7.4

7.7
7.9
8.6

%ɼ0.107 % ͱͳͬͨɽΨεΛ࠾औ͢Δ৔߹͸ɼ࠾औͨ͠ΨεΛӡͿͨΊͷόΠΞϧළͷਅۭ౓ෆ଍ͳͲʹΑͬͯɼΨεͷఆྔ݁Ռ͕௿͘‫ੵݟ‬΋ΒΕΔ໰୊͕ߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ͞ΒʹΨεΫϩϚτάϥϑʹΑΔଌఆਫ਼౓Λ‫צ‬Ҋ͢Δͱɼຊ‫ڀݚ‬ͷ C-BT-GMS ͸ैདྷ๏ͱಉ౳͋Δ͍͸ͦΕҎ্ͷਫ਼౓Ͱ౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ͷଌఆ͕Ͱ͖ͨͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ

Table 2 2010 ೥ 10 ݄͔Β 2011 ೥ 3 ݄ͷɼNDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ͷԹ౓ิਖ਼༗ແʹΑΔ౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ଌఆ݁Ռͷ
RMSE [CO2 %] ʢΧοί಺͸ɼRMSE ͷ֤ਂ͞ͷ౔৕த CO2ೱ౓ʢԹ౓ิਖ਼༗ʣʹର͢Δׂ߹ [%]ʣɽ
RMSE of CO2 concentration between with and without temperature correction [CO2 %]. Values in bracket show the ratio [%] of
RMSE to soil CO2 concentration.

ͳ͓ɼ౔৕த͸ৗʹ૬ର࣪౓͕΄΅ 99 % Ҏ্Ͱมಈ͕
ͳ͘ɼ·ͨຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ C-BT-GMS ಺ͷ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ͷΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯΛ౔৕தͰߦ͍ͬͯΔͨΊɼ‫؍‬ଌ݁Ռʹର͢Δਫৠ‫ؾ‬ͷӨ‫ڹ‬͸ແࢹͰ͖Δͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ
࣍ʹɼCO2 ೱ౓ͷଌఆ݁Ռʹ͍ͭͯ‫ق‬અมಈʹண໨͢
ΔͱɼͲͷਂ͞ʹ͓͍ͯ΋௿Թͷౙ‫ ʹق‬CO2 ೱ౓͕௿͘

Oct.
(2010)

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.
(2011)Feb.

Mar.

ߴԹͷՆʹߴ͘ͳΔ܏޲͕‫؍‬ଌ͞Εͨɽ͜ͷΑ͏ͳ‫ق‬અ

0.0206 0.0140 0.0121 0.0446 0.0401 0.0351
10 cm(9.09) (10.3) (11.0) (158) (64.6) (36.3)
0.0183 0.0279 0.0299 0.0410 0.0389 0.0346
20 cm(3.39) (7.59) (7.27) (22.5) (18.1) (8.38)
0.0121 0.0229 0.0232 0.0351 0.0396 0.0332
50 cm(1.51) (4.04) (3.88) (8.01) (8.38) (6.21)

΋֬ೝ͞Ε͓ͯΓɼඍੜ෺‫׆‬ੑͷԹ౓ґଘੑʹ‫ى‬Ҽ͢Δมಈ͸ɼԕ౻Βʢ2010ʣɼHirano et al.ʢ2003ʣʹ͓͍ͯͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽϯνϡʔϒ಺ͷ CO2 ‫ ͼٴ‬O2 ηϯαͷग़ྗ஋͸଎΍͔ʹTable 1 ʹɼ2010 ೥ 10 ݄͔Β 2011 ೥ 3 ݄ͷɼਂ͞
10ɼ20ɼ50 cm ͷ 1 ϲ݄͝ͱͷฏ‫ۉ‬஍ԹɼTable 2 ʹಉ
͡ 6 ϲ݄ʹ C-BT-GMS Ͱଌఆͨ͠ CO2 ೱ౓ʹ͍ͭͯɼԹ౓ิਖ਼ͷ༗ແͷӨ‫ڹ‬Λ RMSE ͱͯࣔ͢͠ɽซͤͯɼ
RMSE ͷ౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ʢԹ౓ิਖ਼༗ʣʹର͢Δׂ߹[%] ΋ࣔ͢ɽຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸Թ౓ิਖ਼͸ 25 ◦ C Λ‫ج‬४ͱͯ͠௿Լ͠ɼγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺͕΄΅ N2 ΨεʹΑ͓ͬͯΓɼळ͔Βౙʹ͔͚ͯ஍Թ͕௿͘ͳΔ΄ͲԹ౓ิਖ਼ͷຬͨ͞Εͨ͜ͱΛ֬ೝͰ͖ͨɽϑϥογϡ࡞‫ޙۀ‬͸ɼϑϥογϡ௚‫ޙ‬ͷม‫ث׵‬ͷग़ྗ஋ʢిѹ஋ʣΛ CO2 ೱ౓ 0

% ʹ͓͚Δ஋ͱ͠ɼFig. 6 Ͱ֤ࣔͨ͠ઢ‫਺ؔܗ‬ͷ܏͖͸มߋͤͣɼΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯࣜͷ੾ยͷΈΛमਖ਼ͨ͠ɽ

Fig. 8 ʹɼ2010 ೥ 8 ݄ 28 ೔͔Β 2011 ೥ 10 ݄ 31 ೔·ͰͷɼC-BT-GMS Ͱଌఆͨ͠ਂ͞ 10ɼ20ɼ50 cm ʹ
͓͚Δ౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ͱ೔ฏ‫ؾۉ‬Թɼ೔߱ਫྔʢ෎த
ࢢ AMeDAS σʔλʣΛࣔ͢ɽ·ͨɼΨε࠾औ؅Λ༻͍ͯαϯϓϦϯάͨ͠౔৕ۭ‫ؾ‬ͷఆྔ݁Ռʢ2010 ೥ 9 ݄ 9
೔͔Β 2011 ೥ 2 ݄ 4 ೔·Ͱ 10 ճʣ΋ซͤͯࣔ͢ɽͨͩ
͠ɼਂ͞ 10 cm ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼ2010 ೥ 10 ݄ 15 ೔ͱ 2011
೥ 1 ݄ 6 ೔ͷೋճ͸ܽଌͰ͋Δɽಉ೔ಉ࣌ࠁʹ͓͚Δɼ
ਂ͞ 10ɼ20ɼ50 cm ͷ C-BT-GMS ͷଌఆ݁ՌͱΨε࠾औ؅Λ༻͍ͨ CO2 ఆྔ݁Ռʹ͍ͭͯೋ৐ฏ‫ۉ‬ฏํࠜ‫ޡ‬
ࠩʢRMSEʣͷฏ‫ۉ‬஋Λࢉग़͢ΔͱɼͦΕͧΕͷਂ͞Ͱ
0.0371ɼ0.145ɼ0.265 % ͱͳͬͨɽVaisala ࣾʹΑΔͱɼ
25 ◦ C ͷ৚݅Լʹ͓͚Δ GMM221 ͷଌఆਫ਼౓͸ɼʮଌఆϨϯδͷ ±1.5 %+ ಡΈ஋ͷ 2 %ʯͱ͞Εɼຊ‫༻Ͱڀݚ‬͍ͨ GMM221ʢCO2 ೱ౓ͷଌఆϨϯδ 0 ∼ 5 %ʣͰ͸
CO2 ೱ౓ 0.075 % ∼ 0.1 % ఔ౓Ͱ͋Δɽਂ͞ 10 cm ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼRMSE ͕͜ͷൣғʹ‫·ؚ‬Ε͍ͯͨɽଞํɼਂ
͞ 20ɼ50 cm ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼRMSE ͕ 0.075 ∼ 0.1 % Λ্ճͬͨɽͨͩ͠ɼ20 cm Ͱ͸ 2010 ೥ 10 ݄ 15 ೔ɼಉ೥ 11 ݄ 24 ೔ɼ‫ ͼٴ‬2011 ೥ 1 ݄ 6 ೔ͷ 3 ճɼ50 cm ͰӨ‫ڹ‬͸େ͖͘ͳΔɽಛʹਂ͞ 10 cm ʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɼ1 ∼ 3݄ʹɼԹ౓ิਖ਼ͷ༗ແʹΑΔ RMSE ͕౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ͷ 0.363 ∼1.58 ഒͱେ͖͘ͳͬͨɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹɼNDIR
ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ͷग़ྗ஋͸Թ౓ʹΑͬͯग़ྗ஋͕ม
Խ͢ΔͨΊɼ೥ؒΛ௨ͯ͠೶஍౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ͷ࿈ଓ‫؍‬ଌΛߦ͏ࡍ͸ɼNDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ͷग़ྗ஋ʹରͯ͠Թ౓ิਖ਼Λ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ඞཁͰ͋Δͱ͍͑Δɽ

Fig. 9 ʹ 2010 ೥ 11 ݄ 25 ೔͔Β 10 ೔ؒͷɼਂ͞ 10cm ʹ͓͚Δ஍Թɼ౔৕ਫ෼ྔͱɼO2 ೱ౓ɼCO2 ೱ౓ͷมԽΛࣔ͢ɽ·ͨɼಉ͡‫ؒظ‬ͷ࣌ؒ߱Ӎྔʢ෎தࢢ

AMeDAS σʔλʣ΋ซͤͯࣔ͢ɽͨͩ͠ɼO2 ೱ౓͸ɼग़ྗ஋ʢిѹ஋ʣͰ͍ࣔͯ͠ΔɽCO2 ೱ౓͸ɼԹ౓ͷ೔มಈͱͱ΋ʹ࠷େͰ 0.2 % ఔ౓มಈͨ͠ɽ
·ͨɼ߱Ӎ࣌ʹ౔৕ਫ෼ྔ͕૿Ճ͢ΔͱɼͦΕʹͱ΋ͳ͍౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ͷ্ঢ‫ ͼٴ‬O2 ೱ౓ͷ௿Լ͕֬ೝ͞
Εͨɽ߱Ӎ࣌ͷ౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ͷ૿Ճ͸‫ط‬ԟͷ‫ʹڀݚ‬͓͍ͯ΋ใࠂ͞Ε͓ͯΓɼମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͷ૿Ճʹͱ΋ͳ͏‫ؾ‬૬཰௿ԼʹΑΓΨε֦ࢄҠಈ͕཈੍͞ΕΔ͜ͱʢதຊ
Βɼ2002ʣ΍ɼ౔৕ਫ෼ྔ૿Ճʹͱ΋ͳ͍ඍੜ෺‫׆‬ੑ͕ߴ·Δ͜ͱʢԕ౻Βɼ2010ʣͳͲʹΑͬͯઆ໌͞Ε͖ͯͨɽຊ‫౔Ͱڀݚ‬৕த CO2 ೱ౓ͱ O2 ೱ౓Λಉ࣌ʹଌఆͨ݁͠Ռɼຊ‫ڀݚ‬ର৅஍ʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɼ߱Ӎ࣌ͷ CO2 ೱ౓૿Ճʹ͸ɼඍੜ෺‫د͕ٵݺ‬༩͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ͕ࣔࠦ͞Εͨɽ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 124 ߸ɹ (2013)

32

Fig. 9 ਂ͞ 10 cm ʹ͓͚Δ஍Թ͓Αͼ౔৕ਫ෼ྔมԽͱ౔৕த CO2 ɼO2 ೱ౓มԽɽ
Response of soil CO2 and O2 concentration to soil temperature and moisture at depth of 10 cm.

4. ·ͱΊ
ຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼΨεಁաੑथࢷͱ NDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ɼΨϧόχి஑ࣜ O2 ηϯαΛ૊Έ߹Θͤͨνϡʔϒຒઃ‫ܕ‬ΨεϞχλϦϯάγεςϜʢԕ౻Β, 2010ʣΛɼখ‫ܕ‬Խ‫͍ߴͼٴ‬Ԡ౴ੑͱ౔ඃΓѹʹର͢Δ଱ՙॏੑΛ྆
ཱͤ͞Δ͜ͱΛ೦಄ʹվྑ͠ɼϑΟʔϧυʹ͓͚Δད஍
౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓มಈͷ‫ݕ‬౼ΛߦͬͨɽԠ౴ੑͷ޲্ͷ

0.363 ∼ 1.58 ഒͱେ͖͘ͳͬͨɽ
೥ؒΛ௨ͨ͠೶஍౔৕தͷ CO2 ೱ౓࿈ଓ‫؍‬ଌʹΑͬͯɼ஍Թͷ‫ق‬અมಈʹͱ΋ͳ͏ CO2 ೱ౓ͷ‫ق‬અมಈ͕‫͞࡯؍‬Εͨɽ·ͨɼ߱Ӎ࣌ʹମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͷ૿Ճͱͱ΋ʹ

CO2 ೱ౓͕૿Ճ͢Δ‫ݱ‬৅͕ଊ͑ΒΕͨɽͦͷࡍɼಉ࣌ʹଌఆ͍ͯͨ͠ O2 ೱ౓͸‫ݮ‬গ͓ͯ͠Γɼຊ‫ڀݚ‬ର৅஍ʹ
͓͚Δ߱Ӎ࣌ͷ CO2 ೱ౓ͷ্ঢʹ͸ɼ౔৕ඍੜ෺‫͕ٵݺ‬‫د‬༩͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ͕ࣔࠦ͞ΕͨɽͨΊʹ͸γϦίʔϯथࢷͷ೑ްΛബ͘͢Δ͜ͱɼ଱ՙॏ

ँࣙੑΛ࣋ͨͤΔͨΊʹ͸νϡʔϒͷ‫౓ڧ‬Λ૿Ճͤ͞Δ͜ͱ
͕ඞཁͰ͋Δɽͦ͜ͰɼϓϥενοΫϝογϡύΠϓʹ

ຊ‫ڀݚ‬ͷҰ෦͸ɼจ෦Պֶল‫ީؾ‬มಈదԠ‫ڀݚ‬ਪਐϓ

೑ް 0.5 mm ͷγϦίʔϯγʔτΛ‫͚͖ͭר‬ɼԁ౵ঢ়ʹϩάϥϜʢ୅ද: ೋ‫ٶ‬ਖ਼࢜ʣ‫ͼٴ‬Պֶ‫ڀݚ‬අิॿۚʢ‫ج‬൫‫ؙ‬ΊͨεςϯϨε੡ͷ໢ΛϓϥενοΫϝογϡύΠϓ

‫ڀݚ‬ʢAʣ, 20248025ɼ୅ද: ‫⃻ٶ‬ɹ‫ج ;ؽ‬൫‫ڀݚ‬ʢBʣ,಺ʹૠೖͯ͠‫౓ڧ‬Λ૿ͨ͠ɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹγϦίʔϯथࢷ

21380142ɼ୅ද:੢ଜ୓ʣ, ೔ຊֶज़ৼ‫ڵ‬ձಛผ‫ڀݚ‬һՊͷ೑ްΛैདྷʢԕ౻Β, 2010ʣͷ 4 mm ͔Β 0.5 mm ʹֶ‫ڀݚ‬අͷิॿʹΑͬͯߦΘΕ·ͨ͠ɽ౦‫ژ‬େֶେֶӃ

ബ͘͢Δ͜ͱͰɼେ‫ؾ‬தʹ͓͚Δ 95 % ฏߧ࣌ؒΛ 1175೶ֶੜ໋Պֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պੜଶௐ࿨೶ֶ‫ߏػ‬ͷਇ໺ໜࢯɼ‫ٱ‬อ෼͔Β 104 ෼ͱ͓Αͦ 11 ෼ͷ 1 ʹ୹͘Ͱ͖ͨɽͦͯ͠ɼ

ాߒ࢙ࢯʹ͸ะ৔ͷར༻ͰศٓΛਤ͍͖ͬͯͨͩ·͠վྑͨ͠γεςϜΛ೶஍౔৕ʹద༻ͨ͠ͱ͜Ζɼ౔ඃΓͨɽ·ͨɼࠪಡऀͷํʑʹ͸‫ߘݪ‬ͷվగͰଟ͘ͷ͝ҙ‫ݟ‬ѹͷେ͖ͳਂ͞ 50 cm ʹ͓͍ͯ΋ɼNDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓͝ॿ‫ݴ‬Λ͍͖ͨͩ·ͨ͠ɽ͜͜ʹ‫ँ͠ه‬ҙΛද͠·͢ɽม‫ث׵‬Λอ‫͠ޢ‬ɼCO2 ೱ౓ͷ࿈ଓϞχλϦϯάΛߦ͏͜Ҿ༻จ‫ݙ‬

ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͨɽ
೶஍౔৕͸ɼ৿ྛ౔৕ͱൺ΂ͯ஍Թͷ೔ɼ೥มಈ͕େ

Alvaro-Fuentes, J., Morell, F.J., Plaza-Bonilla, D., Arrue, J.L. and͖͍͜ͱΛ౿·͑ɼNDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ͷԹ౓ґଘ

Cantero-Marinez, C. (2012): Modelling tillage and nitrogenੑͷ‫ݕ‬౼Λߦͬͨɽͦͷ݁ՌɼԹ౓ͱग़ྗ஋ʢిѹ஋ʣ

fertilization effects on soil organic carbon dynamics. Soil Tillʹ͸ෛͷ૬͕ؔ͋Γɼ−10 ◦ C ͔Β 40 ◦ C ఔ౓ͷؒͰ͸

Res., 120: 32–39.

ઢ‫ʹ਺ؔܗ‬ΑͬͯۙࣅͰ͖ɼಉ͡‫ܕ‬ͷม‫Ͱث׵‬͸ಉҰͷ

Coleman, K. and Jenkinson, D.S. (1996): Roth C-26.3 — A model܏͖͕ಘΒΕͨɽ·ͨɼԹ౓ิਖ਼ͷ‫ج‬४Λ 25 ◦ C ͱͨ͠

for the turnover of carbon in soil, In: Powlson, D.S., Smith, P.

৔߹ɼಛʹਂ͞ 10 cm ʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɼ1 ∼ 3 ݄ʹɼԹ౓ิand Smith, J.U. (ed.) Evaluation of soil organic matter modelsਖ਼ͷ༗ແʹΑΔ RMSE ͕ɼNDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ͷ

using existing long-term datasets. NATO ASI Series I, vol.38,

ग़ྗ஋ʹԹ౓ิਖ਼Λࢪͯ͠ࢉग़ͨ͠౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ͷSpringer, pp.237–246, Berlin.

࿦จɿখ‫ܕ‬νϡʔϒຒઃ‫౔ܕ‬৕ΨεϞχλϦϯάγεςϜΛ༻͍ͨ೶஍౔৕த CO2 Ψεೱ౓มಈͷ‫ݕ‬౼
Dirksen, C. and Dasberg, S. (1993): Improved calibration of time
domain reﬂectometry soil water content measurements. Soil

33

sequestration. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosys., 49: 243–253.
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Dielectric mixing models. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens-ΑͼͦͷಛੑΛߟྀͨ͠ग़ྗ஋ͷิਖ਼๏. ೶‫ؾۀ‬৅, 61 (4):ing, GE23: 35–46.

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CO2 in air at well-deﬁned depths in soils with varied water‫ڀݚ‬ͷ৽͍͠ల։ ৿ྛ౔৕ͷ୸ૉಈଶʹ͓͚Δ౔৕தਫ༹

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ੑ༗‫ػ‬ଶ୸ૉͷ໾ׂ—ඍੜ෺ʹΑΔೋࢎԽ୸ૉੜ࢈ͱͷؔ

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ࢫ౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓มಈΛ‫ݕ‬౼͢ΔͨΊɼΨεಁաੑΛ༗͢γϦίʔϯνϡʔϒɼNDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫׵‬‫ͼٴث‬Ψϧόχి஑ࣜ O2 ೱ౓ηϯαΛ༻͍ͨখ‫ܕ‬ͷ౔৕Ψεೱ౓ଌఆγεςϜΛ࡞੒ͨ͠ɽຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒͷ೑ްΛैདྷͷಉ༷ͷγεςϜͷ 4 mm ͔Β 0.5 mm ʹബ͘͠ɼͦͷࡍɼϓϥενοΫϝογϡύΠϓͱεςϯϨε੡໢ԁ౵Λਊͱͯ͠ຒઃ࣌ͷ౔ඃΓѹʹ଱͑Δ‫౓ڧ‬Λ֬อͨ͠ɻ
ͦͷ݁Ռɼେ‫ؾ‬தͰνϡʔϒ಺֎ͷ CO2 ೱ౓͕ 95 % ೱ౓ฏߧʹୡ͢Δ࣌ؒΛɼैདྷͷ 1175 ෼͔Β
104 ෼ʹ୹ॖͰ͖ͨɽ৽γεςϜΛ༻͍ད஍೶஍౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓࿈ଓଌఆΛ೥ؒΛ௨ͯ͠ߦͬͨͱ͜
Ζɼ߱Ӎ࣌ʹ‫ ͳܹٸ‬CO2 ೱ౓্ঢ͕‫͞࡯؍‬Εͨɽಉ࣌ʹ O2 ೱ౓௿Լ͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕͨͨΊɼ߱Ӎʹର͢Δ
CO2 ೱ౓ͷԠ౴͸ɼඍੜ෺‫د͕ٵݺ‬༩͍ͯ͠Δͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽΩʔϫʔυɿCO2 ɼ౔৕‫ٵݺ‬ɼΨεಁաੑνϡʔϒɼϑΟʔϧυϞχλϦϯάɼNDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫׵‬‫ث‬J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

No. 124, p.35 ∼ 42 (2013)஍ද໘ۙ๣Ͱͷ஍த೤ྲྀྔͷଌఆʹ͓͚ΔԹ౓ޯ഑๏ͱ೤ྲྀ൘๏ͷൺֱ͓Αͼஷ೤ͷӨ‫ڹ‬ླ໦৳࣏ 1 · ൧௩‫ ࢠܓ‬2,3 · ౉ᬒจ༤ 1 · ౡా୔඙ 1 · ߴ‫ڮ‬ɹ‫ ޛ‬1Comparison between temperature gradient and heat ﬂux plate methods and effect of heat storage
for determination of soil heat ﬂux at near soil surface
Shinji SUZUKI 1 , Keiko IIDUKA2,3 , Fumio WATANABE1 , Sawahiko SHIMADA1 and Satoru TAKAHASHI1

Abstract: The soil heat ﬂux is an important componentof heat exchange across the ground surface and is an essential input component used to help quantify evapotranspiration ratio based on the heat budget. Consequently, it
is useful to understand the characteristics of soil heat ﬂux
measurement methods. One objective of the current study
was to compare the temperature gradient method with theheat ﬂux plate method at a depth of 0.02 m. A second objective was to assess the effect of heat storage in the soil
surface layer (0.02 m thickness) under different soil waterconditions. Further, the effect of the Philip’s correction on
the measurement of the heat ﬂux plate method was also assessed. The results indicate that the soil heat ﬂux measured
by the heat ﬂux plate method was almost identical withthe heat ﬂux measured by the temperature gradient method
when the soil thermal conductivity was approximately halfof the conductivity of the heat ﬂux plate (i.e., wet condition). In contrast, the heat ﬂux plate method overestimatedthe absolute value of the soil heat ﬂux with a constant ratio when the soil thermal conductivity was approximately
1/10 of the conductivity of the heat ﬂux plate (i.e., dry condition). In addition, the practical effect of the Philip’s correction was not observed. Further, the heat storage in thesurface layer showed a diurnal variation with a range comparable to the variation of the soil heat ﬂux at a depth of
0.02 m, whereas the net daily heat storage was quite small.
Key Words : measuring methods of soil heat ﬂux, thermal
conductivity, soil surface temperature, heat budget, evaporation from soil surfaceʹ͔ܽͤͳ͍ɽͦͷͨΊ஍த೤ྲྀྔ͸ɼϘʔΤϯൺ๏΍ϖϯϚϯ๏ͳͲɼ೤ऩࢧΛ΋ͱʹͯ͠ৠൃࢄྔΛଌఆ ·ਪఆ͢Δ৔߹Ͱ΋ॏཁͳߏ੒ཁૉͱͳ͍ͬͯΔɽ஍த೤ྲྀྔͷଌఆํ๏ʹ͸ɼԹ౓ੵ෼๏΍೤ྲྀ൘๏ͳͲ͕͋Δ
͕ʢԬా, 1983; ޿ాΒ, 2001ʣɼ͜ͷ͏ͪ೤ྲྀ൘๏͸ɼ೤ྲྀ൘ͱσʔλϩΨʔ͕͋Ε͹ൺֱత؆ศʹଌఆͰ͖ΔͨΊʹ޿͘༻͍ΒΕ͍ͯΔɽ೤ྲྀ൘๏͸ɼҎԼͷࣜͰද͢

Fourier ͷ๏ଇʹ‫͍ͯͮج‬஍த೤ྲྀྔΛଌఆ͢Δ΋ͷͰ͋Δɽ

G = −λdTdZ(1)͜͜ʹɼG ͸஍த೤ྲྀྔʢW m−2 ʣͰԼ޲͖͕ਖ਼ɼλ͸೤ྲྀ൘ͷ೤఻ಋ཰ʢW m−1 K−1 ʣɼdT /dZ ͸Թ౓ޯ഑ʢ◦ C m−1 ·ͨ͸ K m−1 ʣͰɼ೤ྲྀ൘ͷදཪͷԹ౓ࠩʢ◦ CʣΛ೤ྲྀ൘ͷް͞ʢmʣͰআͨ͠΋ͷʹ૬౰͢Δɽ࣮ࡍʹ͸ɼ೤ྲྀ൘දཪͷԹ౓ࠩʹΑͬͯ೤ిଯʢ೤ిରΛ௚ྻʹෳ਺ճ࿈݁ͨ͠΋ͷʣʹੜ͡Δ‫ʹྗిى‬ɼϝʔΧʔʹΑͬͯఆΊΒΕͨ‫਺܎ࢉ׵‬Λ৐͡Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯ೤ྲྀྔ
͕ࢉग़͞ΕΔɽ·ͨ೤ྲྀ൘͸ɼ์ࣹΛආ͚ΔͨΊɼ͓ΑͼηϯαʔΛ‫ݻ‬ఆͯ͠౔৕ͱີணͤ͞Δඞཁੑ͔Βɼ౔৕தʹຒઃ͞ΕΔɽҰํͰ೤ऩࢧ‫؍‬ଌͷ࣮‫ʹॻݧ‬͸ɼԹ౓ޯ഑๏͕঺հ͞Ε͍ͯΔʢSauer and Horton, 2005ʣɽ
Թ౓ޯ഑๏΋ Fourier ͷ๏ଇʢʢ1ʣࣜʣʹ‫͕ͮ͘ج‬ɼ͜ͷ৔߹ɼλ ͸Թ౓ޯ഑ͷத৺ਂ͞ʹ͓͚Δ౔৕ͷ೤఻ಋ཰ʢW m−1 K−1 ʣɼz ͸ਂ͞ʢmʣɼT ͸஍Թʢ◦ CʣͰ͋Δɽ

1. ͸͡Ίʹ
஍த೤ྲྀྔ͸ɼ཮໘Λ‫ڥ‬քͱͨ͠೤ަ‫׵‬ͷղੳ΍ධՁ͜ͷΑ͏ʹԹ౓ޯ഑๏Ͱ͸ɼԹ౓ޯ഑ͱ೤఻ಋ཰͕‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕΕ͹ɼ஍த೤ྲྀྔΛ‫ٻ‬ΊΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ
೤ྲྀ൘๏ͷ໰୊఺ͱͯ͠ɼ
ʢaʣ೤ྲྀ൘͕౔৕ͱ͸ҟͳΔ෺࣭Ͱߏ੒͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͔Βɼ౔৕ͱ೤ྲྀ൘ͷ೤఻ಋ

1 Department of Bioproduction and Environment Engineering, Faculty ofRegional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture. 1-1-1
Sakuragaoka Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan. Corresponding authorɿླ໦৳࣏ɼ౦‫ژ‬೶‫ۀ‬େֶ஍Ҭ‫ڥ؀‬Պֶ෦ੜ࢈‫ֶ޻ڥ؀‬Պ
2 Department of Agricultural Engineering, Graduate School of Tokyo
University of Agriculture. 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502,
Japan.
3 Present address: Shigeru Co.,Ltd. 330 Yuracho, Ota 373-0036, Japan
2013 ೥ 2 ݄ 3 ೔डߘɹ 2013 ೥ 6 ݄ 13 ೔डཧ཰͕ҟͳΔ৔߹ʹɼ೤ྲྀ൘ͱͦͷपғͷ౔৕ͷͦΕͧΕΛ௨ա͢Δ೤ྲྀʹҧ͍͕ੜ͡Δ‫ݒ‬೦͕͋Δ͜ͱɼʢbʣ೤ྲྀ൘͕౔৕தͷӷঢ়ਫ͓Αͼਫৠ‫ؾ‬ͷҠಈΛ੍‫͢ݶ‬ΔՄ
ೳੑ͕͋Δ͜ͱɼ
ʢcʣ͞Βʹɼ೤ྲྀ൘ͱ౔৕ͷ઀৮ͷෆ۩߹͕݁ՌʹӨ‫ڹ‬Λ‫ͱ͜͢΅ٴ‬ɼ͕‫͛ڍ‬ΒΕΔʢSauer and36౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 124 ߸ɹ (2013)

Horton, 2005ʣɽҰํԹ౓ޯ഑๏Ͱ͸ɼʢdʣ౔৕ͷ೤఻ಋ཰ͷਖ਼֬ͳ஋ΛಘΔ͜ͱ͕೉͍͠ͱ͞Ε͍ͯΔʢSauerand Horton, 2005ʣɽ͜ͷ͏ͪʢaʣʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼPhilip ͷิਖ਼ʢPhilip, 1961ʣ͕͠͹͠͹༻͍ΒΕΔʢHarazono etal., 1998; van Loon et al., 1998; Sauer and Horton, 2005;
Frey et al., 2011ʣɽ͜Ε͸ɼ౔৕ͱ೤ྲྀ൘ͷ೤఻ಋ཰ɼ͓

ଌఆʹ஫ҙΛ෷͍ɼҎԼͷ 3 ͭΛ໨తͱͨ͠ɽ͢ͳΘͪɼ
ʢiʣ஍ද໘ۙ๣ʹ͓͍ͯ೤ྲྀ൘๏ͱԹ౓ޯ഑๏Λൺֱͯ͠ɼ྆ऀͷಛ௃Λ໌Β͔ʹ͢Δ͜ͱɼʢiiʣ·ͨͦͷࡍɼ೤ྲྀ൘๏Ͱ͸্‫ه‬ʢaʣͷӨ‫͍ۛͯͭʹڹ‬ຯ͢Δඞཁੑ͔ΒɼPhilip ͷิਖ਼ͷӨ‫ݕ͍ͯͭʹڹ‬౼͢Δ͜ͱɼ
ʢiiiʣ͞
Βʹද૚ͷஷ೤ͷӨ‫ݕ͍ͯͭʹڹ‬౼͢Δ͜ͱɼͰ͋Δɽ

Αͼ೤ྲྀ൘ͷ‫ܗ‬ঢ়ʹԠͯ͡ɼ೤ྲྀ൘Ͱଌఆ͞Εͨ஋Λิͳ͓౔৕ͷ೤఻ಋ཰΍ମੵ೤༰ྔ͸ɼਫ෼ྔʹΑͬͯมਖ਼͢Δ΋ͷͰ͋Δɽʢbʣ͸ɼ೤ྲྀ൘ͷ্Լʹɼ೤ྲྀ൘ͷप

Խ͢Δ͜ͱ͔Βɼຊ‫͚͓ʹڀݚ‬Δൺֱ΍‫ݕ‬౼͸ҟͳΔ౔ғͱ͸ҟͳΔ౔৕ਫ෼ྔͷ͕ࠩੜ͡Δ‫ݪ‬ҼͱͳΔ͜ͱʹ৕ਫ෼ྔͷ΋ͱͰߦͬͨɽ

Ճ͑ɼ೤ྲྀ൘͕ਫৠ‫ؾ‬ͷҠಈΛःஅͨ͠৔߹ɼ೤ྲྀ൘͸

2. ࢼྉ͓Αͼํ๏જ೤༌ૹΛ‫ܭ‬ଌ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ͱ͍͏΋ͷͰ͋Δɽ
೤ྲྀ൘๏ͱԹ౓ޯ഑๏͸ͱ΋ʹɼ্‫ه‬ͷଌఆ্ͷཧ༝

2.1 ‫؍‬ଌ஍఺ʹΑΓɼ౔৕தͷ͋Δਂ͞ʹ͓͚Δ೤ྲྀྔΛଌఆ͢Δɽຊ‫͚͓ʹڀݚ‬Δ‫؍‬ଌ͸ɼ౦‫ژ‬೶‫ۀ‬େֶੈా୩ΩϟϯύͦͷͨΊ஍ද໘ʹ͓͚Δ೤ྲྀྔΛ஌ΔͨΊʹ͸ɼ೤ྲྀ൘εͷੜ࢈‫ֶ޻ڥ؀‬Պࢼ‫ݧ‬ะ৔ʢN 35◦ 38’ 33”ɼE 139◦ 38’๏΍Թ౓ޯ഑๏Ͱ஍த೤ྲྀྔΛଌఆͨ͠ਂ͞ΑΓ΋্૚ʹஷཹ͞ΕΔ೤ྔ͕Ճຯ͞Εͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ɽ͜ͷՃຯ͞ΕΔ೤ྔΛԹ౓ੵ෼๏ʹΑͬͯࢉग़͠ɼ஍ද໘ʹ
͓͚Δ஍த೤ྲྀྔΛ‫ٻ‬ΊΔํ๏͸ɼ૊Έ߹Θͤ๏ͱ‫ݺ‬͹Ε͍ͯΔʢԬా, 1983; ޿ాΒ, 2001; Sauer and Horton,2005ʣɽͦͷࡍɼ೤ྲྀ൘๏΍Թ౓ޯ഑๏ʹΑͬͯ஍த೤
ྲྀྔΛܾఆ͢Δਂ͞ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ٞ࿦͕ଟ͍ɽSauer andHortonʢ2005ʣ͸ɼ೤ྲྀ൘Λ 0.05 m Ҏਂʹຒઃ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΓɼʢbʣͷӨ‫ڹ‬Λগͳ͘͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ɼ·ͨʢdʣͷཧ༝ʹΑΓɼԹ౓ޯ഑๏͸ਂ͞ 0.20 m ҎਂͰଌఆ͢
Δ΂͖Ͱ͋Δͱ͍ͯ͠Δɽ͞Βʹɼ஍ද໘Ͱ͸஍Թͷৼ෯͕େ͖͍͜ͱʹՃ͑ɼஅଓతʹ೔ӄ͕Ͱ͖ͯ೔ࣹ͕
ःΒΕΔ৔߹͕͋Γɼ஍ද໘΁ͷೖࣹͷมԽʹΑͬͯ஍ද໘Թ౓͕େ͖͘มԽ͢Δ͜ͱ͔ΒʢHeusinkveld et al.,2004ʣɼ஍ද໘ۙ๣Ͱ೤ྲྀྔΛଌఆͨ͠৔߹ʹ͸ɼଌ‫ث‬ͷԠ౴͕ଌఆʹӨ‫ڹ‬Λ‫ݒ͕ͱ͜͢΅ٴ‬೦͞ΕΔɽҰํͰɼ஍Թͷৼ෯͸ਂ͘ͳΔʹͭΕͯ‫ݮ‬ਰ͢Δʢਂ͍ҐஔͰͷԹ౓ޯ഑͕ඇৗʹখ͘͞ͳΔʣ͜ͱ͔Βɼਂ͕͞ਂ͘ͳ
Δͱɼ೤ྲྀ൘๏΍Թ౓ޯ഑๏Ͱͷଌఆ͕ࠔ೉ʹͳΔ౳ͷ‫ݒ‬೦΋͋ΔʢHeusinkveld et al., 2004ʣɽͦͷͨΊ࣮ࡍͷใࠂྫͰ΋ɼਂ͘ͳΔʹͭΕͯԹ౓ޯ഑๏ʹΑΔ஍த೤ྲྀྔͷଌఆਫ਼౓͕޲্ͨ͠ͱ͢ΔҰํͰʢKimball et al.,1976ʣɼ೤ྲྀ൘๏΍Թ౓ޯ഑๏ʹ͓͍ͯͦΕͧΕɼਂ͞
0.02 m ΑΓઙ͍ҐஔͰͷଌఆ͕ྑ޷Ͱ͋ͬͨͱ͍͏΋ͷ΋͋ΔʢHeusinkveld et al., 2004; Evett et al., 2012ʣɽ

4”ɼAlt 47 mʣʹͯɼΨϥεԹࣨʹઃஔ͞ΕͨϥΠγϝʔλʔʢॎ · ԣͦΕͧΕ 1.0 mɼਂ͞ 0.8 mʣͰߦͬͨɽϥΠγϝʔλʔʹ͸ 2008 ೥ʹɼ5 mm ;Δ͍Λ௨աͨ͠‫׊‬৭௿஍౔ʢ೪౔ɿγϧτɿ࠭ͷ࣭ྔൺ = 27ɿ35ɿ38ʣΛɼ‫ס‬૩ີ౓͕ 0.91 Mg m−3 ͱͳΔΑ͏ʹॆరͨ͠ɽ2010೥Ҏ߱ɼຊ‫ڀݚ‬Λ࢝ΊΔ·Ͱ͸ɼϥΠγϝʔλʔʹՃਫ͓ͯ͠Βͣɼ౔৕͕ඇৗʹ‫ס‬૩ʢମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰໿ 0.03 m3

m−3 ʣ͍ͯͨ͠ɽҎ߱ɼ͜ͷਫ෼ঢ়ଶΛ‫ס‬૩ঢ়ଶͱ͢Δɽଌ‫ث‬ͷઃஔલʹɼଌ‫౔͕ث‬৕ʹີண͠΍͘͢ͳΔΑ͏ɼϥΠγϝʔλʔͷද૚ 0.05 m ͷ౔৕Λ 2 mm ;Δ͍Λ௨աͤ͞ɼϥΠγϝʔλʔͷ΄΅தԝͰҎԼͷଌఆΛߦͬͨɽ

2.2 Թ౓ޯ഑ͱ஍த೤ྲྀྔͷଌఆਂ͞ͷܾఆԹ౓ޯ഑๏Ͱ͸ɼԹ౓ޯ഑ʢdT /dZ ʣΛਖ਼֬ʹ‫ٻ‬ΊΔ͜ͱ͕ॏཁͱͳΔɽdT /dZ ͷࢉग़͸ɼҟͳΔਂ͞Ͱଌఆ
ͨ͠஍ԹͷࠩΛਂ͞ͷࠩͰআͯ͠‫ٻ‬ΊΔํ๏͕ҰൠతͰ
͋ΔɽCobos and Bakerʢ2003ʣ͸ɼ೤఻ಋ཰Λ‫ٻ‬Ίͨਂ
͞ʢ0.10 mʣͷ্Լ 6 mm Ͱ dT /dZ Λಘͨ৔߹ͱɼ্Լ

12 mm Ͱಘͨ৔߹Λൺֱͨ͠ͱ͜Ζɼ྆ऀͷҧ͍͸΄ͱΜͲͳ͔ͬͨͱड़΂͍ͯΔɽ·ͨ஍ԹͷԖ௚෼෍Λ‫ۂ‬ઢʢͨͱ͑͹ਂ͞Λಠཱม਺ͱͨ͠ 2 ࣍ؔ਺ͳͲʣͰۙࣅ
͠ɼਂ͞Ͱඍ෼͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯ dT /dZ ΛಘΔ৔߹΋͋ΔʢSauer et al., 2003; Sauer and Horton, 2005ʣɽຊ‫ݚ‬೤ྲྀ൘๏΍Թ౓ޯ഑๏ʹΑΔଌఆ͕஍ද໘ۙ๣ͰՄೳ
Ͱ͋Ε͹ɼ૊߹ͤ๏ʹΑͬͯ஍த೤ྲྀྔΛमਖ਼͢Δࡍʹɼ㼀㼔㼑㼞㼙㼕㼟㼠㼛㼞ஷ೤ྔͷ‫ʹࢉܭ‬ඞཁͳύϥϝʔλʔʢਂ͞͝ͱͷ஍Թͱ౔৕ͷ‫ס‬૩ີ౓͓Αͼମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ʣͷ਺Λ‫ݮ‬Β͢͜ͱ͕
Ͱ͖Δɽ͔͠͠ɼ೤ྲྀ൘๏ͱԹ౓ޯ഑๏ͷൺֱΛ໺֎ͷಉҰͷਂ͞Ͱߦͬͨใࠂ͸͍͔ͭ͘ͳ͞Ε͍ͯΔ΋ͷͷʢCobos and Baker, 2003; Sauer et al., 2003; Ochsner et al.,2006ʣɼͦΕΒ͸্‫ه‬ͷཧ༝ʹΑΓ 0.06 m ҎਂΛର৅ͱ͓ͯ͠Γɼͱ͘ʹԹ౓ޯ഑๏ͷ஍ද໘ۙ๣Ͱͷ࣮༻ੑʹ㻾㼍㼐㼕㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼟㼔㼕㼑㼘㼐͍ͭͯͷٞ࿦͸े෼Ͱ͸ͳ͔ͬͨɽ஍த೤ྲྀྔ͸ɼ཮໘ʹ͓͚Δ೤ऩࢧͷఆྔԽʹඞཁͳଌఆ߲໨Ͱ͋ΔͨΊɼଌఆํ๏͝ͱͷಛੑΛ஌Δ͜ͱ͸ॏཁͰ͋Δɽͦ͜Ͱຊ
‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼଌ‫౔ͱث‬৕ͷ઀৮͓Αͼ஍ද໘ʹ͓͚ΔԹ౓

Photo. 1 ౔৕ද໘ʹઃஔͨ͠αʔϛελʔԹ౓‫ࣹ์ͱܭ‬আ͚ɽ
Radiation shield covering on a thermistor placed at soil surface.

࿦จɿ஍ද໘ۙ๣Ͱͷ஍த೤ྲྀྔͷଌఆʹ͓͚ΔԹ౓ޯ഑๏ͱ೤ྲྀ൘๏ͷൺֱ͓Αͼஷ೤ͷӨ‫ڹ‬37஍த೤ྲྀྔΛ‫ ͯ͠ࢉܭ‬G g0.02 ͱͨ͠ɽ Gg0.02 ͱ G g0.02
Λൺֱ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯɼ஍ද໘Թ౓ͷଌఆํ๏ͷଥ౰ੑʹ͍ͭͯ‫ݕ‬౼ͨ͠ɽGg0.02 ͱ G g0.02 ͷൺֱ͸ɼ์ࣹԹ౓‫ʹܭ‬Αͬͯ஍ද໘Թ౓Λଌఆ͠ɼ͔ͭ dT /dZ ܾఆͷ৚݅Λຬͨͨ࣌͠ࠁʹ͓͚Δ஍த೤ྲྀྔͷൺֱͱͳΔɽ

2.5 ೤ྲྀ൘๏ʹΑΔଌఆ
ਂ͞ 0.02 m ʹ೤ྲྀ൘ʢHFT-1.1, Radiation Energy Bal-ance Systems, Inc.ʣΛຒઃ͠ɼ10 ෼ִؒͰग़ྗిѹΛσʔλϩΨʔʢU12-014, Onset Computer Co.ʣʹ‫ه‬࿥͠
ͨɽU12-014 ͸೤ిର༻ʹ։ൃ͞ΕͨσʔλϩΨʔͰ͋ΔͨΊɼU12-014 ʹిѹ͕ೖྗ͞ΕΔͱɼଌఆ஋͸Թ౓ͱͯ͠ϩΨʔʹ‫ه‬࿥͞ΕΔ͕ɼͦͷ஋Λ 5 ࣍ࣜͰిѹʹม‫͢׵‬Δ͜ͱʹΑΓɼ೤ྲྀ൘͔Βग़ྗ͞ΕΔඍऑͳిѹ
Fig. 1 2011 ೥ 7 ݄ 13 ೔ 17:40 (a) ͓Αͼ 2011 ೥ 7 ݄ 18 ೔
5:30 (b) ʹ͓͚Δ஍ԹͷԖ௚෼෍ɽr2 ͸ܾఆ܎਺Λࣔ͢ɽ
Soil temperature proﬁles observed at 17:40 on 13 July, 2011 (a)and at 5:30 on 18 July, 2011 (b). r2 is the coefﬁcient of determination.

Λਫ਼౓Α͘ଌఆ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δʢླ໦Β, 2011ʣ
ɽHFT-

1.1 ͸ԁ൫ঢ়Ͱɼ௚‫͕ͦ͞ްͱܘ‬ΕͧΕ 38, 3.9 mmɼ೤఻ಋ཰͸ 1.0 W m−1 K−1 Ͱ͋ΔʢRadiation and Energy
Balance Systems, 2004ʣɽҎ߱ɼ೤ྲྀ൘ʹͯଌఆͨ͠஍த
೤ྲྀྔΛ Gp0.02 ͱ͠ɼdT /dZ Λ࠾༻ͨ࣌͠ࠁͷ Gg0.02‫Ͱڀ‬͸ɼϥΠγϝʔλʔͷ஍ද໘͔Βਂ͞ 0.04 m ·Ͱɼͱൺֱͨ͠ɽͳ͓࢖༻ͨ͠೤ྲྀ൘͸ɼࣄલʹಉ͡‫ࣜܗ‬ͷ

0.01 m ִؒͰαʔϛελʔԹ౓‫ܭ‬ʢTR-0106, T& DʣΛਫฏํ޲ʹઃஔ͠ɼ2011 ೥ 7 ݄ 8 ೔͔Β 8 ݄ 25 ೔ʹ͔͚ͯɼ஍ԹΛσʔλϩΨʔʢTR-71Ui, T& Dʣʹ 10 ෼ؒ੡඼Ͳ͏͠Ͱൺֱ͠ɼ੡඼ؒͰࠩҟ͕ͳ͍͜ͱΛ֬ೝ͠
ͨɽ·ͨ Gg0.02 ͱ Gp0.02 ͷൺֱʹ͓͚Δ Gg0.02 ͷ‫ࢉܭ‬ʹ͍ͭͯɼλs ͸ɼ஍த೤ྲྀྔ΍஍Թʹൺ΂ͯ࣌ؒʹΑΔ

ִͰ‫ه‬࿥ͨ͠ɽ஍ද໘ʹઃஔͨ͠Թ౓‫ܭ‬͸ɼ‫ײ‬෦ͷ൒෼มԽ͕গͳ͍ͨΊɼλs Λଌఆ೔͝ͱʹ 1 ೔ͷதͰҰఆͱ͕౔৕ʹຒΊࠐ·ΕΔΑ͏ʹ͠ɼ೔ࣹΛආ͚ΔͨΊʹׂͨ͠ɽΓസΛ͔ͿͤͨʢPhoto. 1ʣɽ஍ԹͷԖ௚෼෍Λௐ΂ͨͱ

2.6 Philip ͷิਖ਼͜ΖɼFig. 1ʢaʣʹࣔ͢Α͏ʹɼਂ͞ʹରͯ͠஍ԹΛ௚

Philipʢ1961ʣ͸ɼԁ൫ঢ়ͷ೤ྲྀ൘ʹର͢Δิਖ਼܎਺Λઢۙࣅͨ͠ࡍͷܾఆ܎਺ʢr2 ʣ͕খ͘͞ɼઢ‫ܗ‬ੑͷ௿͍৔߹͕‫؍‬ଌ͞ΕͨҰํͰɼFig. 1ʢbʣʹࣔ͢Α͏ʹɼr2͕େ͖͘ɼઢ‫ܗ‬ੑ͕ඇৗʹߴ͘ͳΔ৔߹͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕͨɽͦ͜Ͱɼ౔৕ͷ೤఻ಋ཰Λ‫ٻ‬ΊΔਂ͞Λ 0.02 m ͱ͠ɼ஍ද
໘͔Βਂ͞ 0.04 m ·Ͱͷ஍ԹΛਂ͞ͷؔ਺ͱͯ͠௚ઢ

ҎԼͷΑ͏ʹఏҊͨ͠ɽ

  

Gc
λs
h
× 1−
= 1 − 1.92
Gm
d
λm

(2)

͜͜ʹɼ Gc ɼGm ɼhɼd ɼλm ͸ͦΕͧΕɼิਖ਼‫ޙ‬ͷ஍ۙࣅͨ͠ࡍɼ r2 ͕ 0.990 Λ௒͑Δ࣌ࠁͷ dT /dZ ʢۙࣅத೤ྲྀྔʢW m−2 ʣɼ೤ྲྀ൘ʹΑΓଌఆ͞Εͨิਖ਼લͷ௚ઢͷ܏͖ʣΛ࠾༻͢Δ͜ͱͱͨ͠ɽ͜ͷ͜ͱ͔Βɼ೤஍த೤ྲྀྔʢຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ Gp0.02 ʣɼ೤ྲྀ൘ͷް͞ʢmmʣɼྲྀ൘ͷຒઃਂ͞΋ 0.02 m ͱͨ͠ɽ೤ྲྀ൘ͷ௚‫ܘ‬ʢmmʣɼ೤ྲྀ൘ͷ೤఻ಋ཰ʢW m−1 K−1 ʣ

2.3 ϥΠγϝʔλʔ্Ͱͷ೤఻ಋ཰ͷଌఆͱ஍ද໘Թ
౓ͷ֬ೝγϯάϧχʔυϧ೤ಛੑ‫ܭ‬ʢKD2, Decagon devices,Ͱ͋Δɽʢ2ʣࣜʹΑͬͯ Gp0.02 Λิਖ਼͠ɼͦͷӨ‫ͭʹڹ‬͍ͯ‫ݕ‬౼ͨ͠ɽ

2.7 ‫ס‬૩ີ౓͓Αͼମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͷଌఆϥΠγϝʔλʔ্Ͱͷ λs ͓Αͼ์ࣹԹ౓‫ʹܭ‬ΑΔ஍

Inc.ʣͷϓϩʔϒʢ௚‫ ܘ‬1.27 mmɼ௕͞ 60 mmʣΛਂ͞
0.02 m ʹਫฏʹຒઃͨ͠ɽ஍ද໘ʹग़ͨ͠ϓϩʔϒͷίද໘Թ౓ͷଌఆʹͱ΋ͳͬͯɼଌ‫ث‬Λઃஔͯ͋͠Δ෇ۙ

ωΫλʔ෦෼͸ϓϥενοΫ༰‫ث‬ͷதʹೖΕ͓͖ͯɼଌ

Ͱɼ஍ද໘͔Βਂ͞ 0.02 m ͷෆ᎟ཚ౔৕ͱɼਂ͞ 0.01

ఆ࣌ʹ೤ಛੑ‫ܭ‬ຊମΛϓϩʔϒʹ઀ଓͯ͠ɼଌఆ೔͝ͱ

∼ 0.03 m ͷෆ᎟ཚ౔৕ΛɼεςϯϨε੡ԁ౵༰‫ث‬ʢ௚‫ܘ‬
50 mmɼߴ͞ 25 mmʣΛ༻͍ͯ࠾औͨ͠ɽ஍ද໘͔Βਂ
͞ 0.02 m ͷෆ᎟ཚ౔৕͸ɼ༰‫ث‬Λ஍ද໘͔Βਂ͞ 0.02
m ·ͰԖ௚ʹૠೖ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯɼ·ͨਂ͞ 0.01 ∼0.03 m ͷෆ᎟ཚ౔৕͸ɼද૚ͷ౔৕Λް͞ 0.01 m औΓআ͖ɼ༰‫ث‬Λਂ͞ 0.03 m ·ͰԖ௚ʹૠೖͯ͠࠾औͨ͠ɽ
࠾औͨ͠౔৕ࢼྉ͸࣮‫ؼͪ࣋ʹࣨݧ‬Γɼ105 ◦ C Ͱ 24 ࣌ؒ‫ס‬૩ͤ͞ɼ‫ס‬૩ີ౓ʢρd , Mg m−3 ʣͱମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ʢθ ,m3 m−3 ʣΛଌఆͨ͠ɽෆ᎟ཚ౔৕ͷ࠾औ‫਺ݸ‬͸ɼλs ͱ์ࣹԹ౓‫Ͱܭ‬஍ද໘Թ౓Λଌఆͨ͠೔͝ͱʹ 1 ‫Ͱͭͣݸ‬͋Δɽ஍ද໘͔Βਂ͞ 0.02 m ͷ ρd ͱ θ ͸ද૚ͷஷ೤ྔͷࢉग़ʹ༻͍ɼਂ͞ 0.01 ∼ 0.03 m ͷ θ ͸ λs ͷධՁʹ༻

ʹ 1 ∼ 2 ճɼ౔৕ͷ೤఻ಋ཰Λଌఆ͠ɼ͜ΕΛ λs ͱͨ͠ɽ·ͨ λs ͷଌఆʹซͤɼαʔϛελʔԹ౓‫ʹܭ‬ΑΔ஍
Թଌఆͱಉ࣌͡ࠁʹɼଌ‫ث‬Λઃஔͯ͋͠Δ෇ۙͷ౔৕໘ʹ͓͍ͯɼ໿ 0.15 m ͷߴ͔͞Βɼ์ࣹԹ౓‫ܭ‬ʢTHI-300,
λείδϟύϯʣΛ༻͍ͯ஍ද໘Թ౓Λଌఆͨ͠ɽ์ࣹ
Թ౓‫Ͱܭ‬ͷ஍ද໘Թ౓ͷଌఆ͸ɼ5 ඵִؒͰ 3 ճ‫܁‬Γฦ͠ɼͦͷฏ‫ۉ‬஋Λղੳʹ༻͍ͨɽ

2.4 Թ౓ޯ഑๏ʹΑΔ஍த೤ྲྀྔͷࢉग़্ड़ͷ௨Γ‫ٻ‬Ίͨ dT /dZ ͱ λs Λʢ1ʣࣜʹ୅ೖͯ͠஍த೤ྲྀྔΛ‫ٻ‬ΊɼGg0.02 ͱͨ͠ɽҰํͰɼ஍ද໘Թ౓
ʹ์ࣹԹ౓‫Ͱܭ‬ଌఆͨ͠Թ౓Λ༻͍ͯԹ౓ޯ഑Λ‫ٻ‬Ίɼ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 124 ߸ɹ (2013)38

Table 1 ‫ס‬૩͓Αͼ࣪५ঢ়ଶͷͦΕͧΕͰ‫ه‬࿥͞Εͨ஍Թɽ
Soil temperatures recorded under dry and wet condition, respectively.
Temperature (◦ C)
Depth (m)

0
0.02
0.04

Dry*

΍ද૚ͷஷ೤ྔʢΔGʣͷධՁ͸ɼஅଓతͳ਺೔ؒͷσʔλΛ༻͍ͯߦͬͨɽ͜Ε͸ɼλs ΍ ρd ɼθ ͷଌఆ͕ࣗಈ‫؍‬

Wet*ଌͰ͸ͳ͘ɼචऀΒ͕ϥΠγϝʔλʔ্ͰߦͳͬͨͨΊ

max

min

max

min

46.9
43.7
40.6

27.8
28.8
29.7

15.2
13.2
13.5

2.1
3.6
4.8

Ͱ͋Δɽ

2.10 ೤఻ಋ཰ͷ‫ূݕ‬͞ΒʹɼϥΠγϝʔλʔʹॆరͨ͠౔৕ͱಉ͡౔৕Λ࣮‫ͯʹ಺ࣨݧ‬෩‫ޙס‬ɼ2 mm ;Δ͍Λ௨աͤ͞ɼ୤ΠΦϯ∗ Approximate volumetric water content at a depth of 0.02 m for the dry

and wet condition was 0.03 and 0.27 m3 m−3 , respectively.

ਫͷఴՃɼ͋Δ͍͸࿍‫ס‬૩ʹΑͬͯਫ෼ྔΛௐઅ͠ɼϥΠγϝʔλʔʹॆర͞Εͨঢ়ଶͱಉ͡ ρdʢ0.91 Mg m−3 ʣʹͳΔΑ͏ʹɼ௚‫ ܘ‬50 mmɼߴ͞ 75 mm ͷεςϯϨε

͍ͨɽ੡ԁ౵༰‫ॆʹث‬రͨ͠ɽ࡞੒ͨ͠‫ࢼڙ‬ମ͸ɼৠൃΛ๷͙

2.8 ද૚ͷஷ೤ྔͷࢉग़ͨΊʹ༰‫୺্ث‬ΛϓϥενοΫϑΟϧϜͰີด͠ɼ20 ◦ C஍ද໘ʹ͓͚Δ஍த೤ྲྀྔʢG∗ , W m−2 ʣ͸ɼG∗ = ΔG + Gͷ࣮‫ ͍͓ͯʹ಺ࣨݧ‬24 ࣌ؒҎ্੩ஔͨ͠‫ޙ‬ɼγϯάϧ(3)

ͱද͞ΕΔɽΔG ͸Թ౓ޯ഑๏΍೤ྲྀ൘๏Ͱ஍த೤ྲྀྔ
Λଌఆͨ͠ਂ͞ʢຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ 0.02 mʣΑΓ্૚ͷஷ೤ྔʢW m−2 ʣͰ͋Γɼ

ΔG = CΔzͷଌఆ͸ɼ֤ଌ‫ث‬Λઃஔ͔ͯ͠Β 2 ೔‫ʹޙ‬։࢝ͨ͠ɽͳ
͓‫ס‬૩ঢ়ଶɼ࣪५ঢ়ଶͱ΋ʹɼ Gg0.02 ͱ Gp0.02 ͷൺֱ

ΔT
Δt

(4)

Ͱ‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕΔɽ͜͜ʹɼC ͸౔৕ͷମੵ೤༰ྔʢJ m−3

K−1 ʣɼΔz ͸૚ͷް͞ʢ0.02 mʣɼΔT /Δt ͸஍Թͷ‫࣌ܦ‬มԽ཰ʢ◦ C s−1 ·ͨ͸ K s−1 ʣͰ͋ΔɽC ͸ҎԼͷࣜʹΑͬͯ‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕΔɽC = Csρd +Cwρw θ(5)χʔυϧ೤ಛੑ‫ܭ‬Λ༻͍ͯ λs Λଌఆͨ͠ɽ‫ࢼڙ‬ମ͸ λsͷଌఆ‫ޙ‬ɼ࿍‫ס‬૩ͤͯ͞ θ Λ‫ٻ‬Ίͨɽଌఆ͞Εͨ λs Λɼθ ͱͷؔ܎ͱͯ͠੔ཧͨ͠ɽ
ͱ͜ΖͰɼϥΠγϝʔλʔͷ஍Թͷ࠷େ஋ͱ࠷খ஋͸

Table 1 ʹࣔ͢஋ͱͳΓɼϥΠγϝʔλʔ্Ͱ λs Λଌఆͨ͠ਂ͞ 0.02 m ͷ஍Թ͸ɼ‫ס‬૩ঢ়ଶͰ͸ 40 ◦ C Λ௒͑ɼ࣪५ঢ়ଶͰ͸ 5 ◦ C ΛԼճͬͨɽ౔৕ʹ͓͍ͯɼʢ1ʣࣜͷ λ ʢ͢ͳΘͪ λs ʣ͸ɼ‫ʹີݫ‬͸જ೤༌ૹ΋‫ؚ‬Ή‫͔ݟ‬͚ͷ೤఻ಋ཰Ͱ͋Δʢ‫࡚ٶ‬Β, 2005ʣɽ౔৕தͷ೤఻ୡʹ
͓͚Δજ೤༌ૹͷ‫د‬༩͸ɼԹ౓ʹΑͬͯมԽ͢ΔͨΊɼ

λs ͸Թ౓ґଘੑΛࣔ͠ɼஶ͘͠‫ס‬૩ͨ࠭͠Λআ͖ɼҰൠʹԹ౓ͷ্ঢͱͱ΋ʹ λs ͕େ͖͘ͳΔʢHiraiwa andKasubuchi, 2000; Sakaguchi et al., 2007ʣɽͦ͜Ͱɼλs ͷԹ౓ґଘੑ͕஍த೤ྲྀྔʹ‫͢΅ٴ‬Ө‫ڹ‬Λௐ΂ΔͨΊɼ‫ס‬͜͜ʹɼCs ͱ Cw ͸౔৕ͷ‫ݻ‬૬ͱӷ૬ͷఆѹൺ೤ͰɼͦΕͧΕ 837ɼ4,186 J kg−1 K−1 ͱͨ͠ʢ޿ాΒ, 2001ʣ
ɽρw ͸ਫͷີ౓ʢ1,000 kg m−3 ʣͰ͋ΔɽϥΠγϝʔλʔΑΓ࠾औͨ͠ෆ᎟ཚ౔৕ʢ஍ද ∼ ਂ͞ 0.02 mʣͷ ρd ͱθ Λʢ5ʣࣜʹ୅ೖ͠ʢͨͩ͠ ρd ͷ୯ҐΛ kg m−3 ͱ͢ΔʣɼC Λ‫ٻ‬ΊͨɽΔT ͸ɼ͋Δ࣌ࠁ j ʹ͓͍ͯɼͦͷલ‫ޙ‬ʢ࣌ࠁ j − 1 ͱ j + 1ʣͷ஍ද໘ͱਂ͞ 0.02 m ͷԹ౓
j−1
j+1
j−1
j+1
ʢT0 ɼT0 ɼT0.02 ɼT0.02 ʣ͔Βɼ
ΔT =

j+1
j−1
T0j+1 + T0.02
T j−1 + T0.02
− 0
2
2

(6)

Ͱ‫ٻ‬ΊͨɽͦͷͨΊɼΔt ͸ 20 minʢ= 1,200 sʣͱͨ͠ɽΔG ͕ਖ਼ͷ৔߹͸ɼ஍Թͷ্ঢʹͱ΋ͳ͏೤ͷஷཹΛද͠ɼෛͷ৔߹͸ɼ஍Թͷ௿Լʹͱ΋ͳ͏์೤Λද͢ɽ஍த೤ྲྀྔʹ‫ ͢΅ٴ‬ΔG ͷӨ‫ݕ͍ͯͭʹڹ‬౼ͨ͠ɽ

2.9 ҟͳΔ౔৕ਫ෼ྔʹ͓͚Δଌఆ
2012 ೥ 11 ݄ 4 ೔͔ΒɼϥΠγϝʔλʔʹ 100 mm ͷਫಓਫΛ 10 ೔ʹ෼͚ͯՃ͑ɼϥΠγϝʔλʔද໘ΛϏχʔϧγʔτͰ෴ͬͯ 2 िؒ੩ஔ͠ɼ࣪५ͳঢ়ଶʢද૚
ͷମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰໿ 0.27 m3 m−3 ʣͱ͠ɼ2012 ೥ 11 ݄ 30 ೔
∼ 12 ݄ 18 ೔ʹ্‫ه‬ͷଌఆΛ‫܁‬Γฦͨ͠ɽҎ߱ɼ͜ͷঢ়ଶΛ࣪५ঢ়ଶͱ͢Δɽ‫ס‬૩ঢ়ଶɼ࣪५ঢ়ଶͱ΋ʹɼҰ࿈

Fig. 2 Fourier ͷ๏ଇͰ‫ٻ‬Ίͨ஍த೤ྲྀྔʹ͓͚Δ஍ද໘Թ౓
ΛαʔϛελʔԹ౓‫Ͱܭ‬ଌఆͨ͠৔߹ʢGg0.02 ʣͱ์ࣹԹ౓‫ܭ‬Ͱଌఆͨ͠৔߹ʢG g0.02 ʣͷൺֱɽr2 ͓Αͼ RMSE ͸ͦΕͧΕܾఆ܎਺ͱฏํฏ‫ۉ‬ೋ৐‫ࠩޡ‬Λࣔ͢ɽComparison of soil heat ﬂux calculated by the Fourier’s law using
surface temperature measured by thermistor (Gg0.02 ) with that
calculated using surface temperature measured by radiation thermometer (G g0.02 ). r2 and RMSE represent the coefﬁcient of determination and root mean square error, respectively.

࿦จɿ஍ද໘ۙ๣Ͱͷ஍த೤ྲྀྔͷଌఆʹ͓͚ΔԹ౓ޯ഑๏ͱ೤ྲྀ൘๏ͷൺֱ͓Αͼஷ೤ͷӨ‫ڹ‬39

ʢGg0.02 ʣͱɼ์ࣹԹ౓‫ʹܭ‬Αͬͯଌఆͨ͠஋Λ༻͍ͯ‫ٻ‬Ίͨ΋ͷʢG g0.02 ʣ͸ɼ−30 ∼ 51 W m−2 ʹ෼෍ͭͭ͠
͓͓ΉͶҰக͠ɼ྆ऀͷܾఆ܎਺ʢr2 ʣ͓Αͼฏํฏ‫ۉ‬ೋ৐‫ࠩޡ‬ʢRMSEʣ͸ͦΕͧΕɼ0.963 ͱ 3.6 W m−2 Ͱ͋ͬͨʢFig. 2ʣɽ͜ͷ RMSE ͷ஋͸ɼ‫ޙ‬ड़͢Δ Gg0.02
ͱ Gp0.02 ͷൺֱʹ͓͚Δ‫΅΄ͱࠩޡ‬ಉ౳ɼ͋Δ͍͸ͦΕҎԼͰ͋ͬͨͨΊɼԹ౓ޯ഑๏ʹΑΔ஍த೤ྲྀྔͷࢉग़ʹ͓͍ͯɼαʔϛελʔԹ౓‫Ͱܭ‬ଌఆͨ͠஍ද໘Թ౓Λ
༻͍Δ͜ͱʹ໰୊͸ͳ͔ͬͨ΋ͷͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ

3.2 ೤఻ಋ཰ଌఆͷଥ౰ੑ
Fig. 3 ʹࣔ͢Α͏ʹɼ‫ס‬૩ঢ়ଶͰ͸ɼମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ʢθ ʣ

Fig. 3 ମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͷؔ܎Ͱදͨ͠౔৕ͷ೤఻ಋ཰ɽ
Soil thermal conductivity as a function of volumetric soil watercontent.

͸ 0.02 ∼ 0.03 m3 m−3 ͱ‫ۃ‬Ίͯ௿͍஋Ͱ͋ΓɼϥΠγϝʔλʔ্Ͱଌఆ͞Εͨ λs ͸ 0.09 ∼ 0.10 W m−1 K−1Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ͜Εʹର࣪͠५ঢ়ଶͰ͸ɼθ ͕ 0.25 ∼ 0.29

m3 m−3 Ͱ͋ΓɼϥΠγϝʔλʔ্Ͱଌఆ͞Εͨ λs ͸
0.42 ∼ 0.48 W m−1 K−1 Ͱ͋ͬͨɽϥΠγϝʔλʔ্Ͱͷ λs ͷଌఆ஋͸ɼ࣮‫Ͱ಺ࣨݧ‬ଌఆͨ͠஋ͱ͓͓ΉͶҰக
ͨ͠ʢFig. 3ʣɽ࣮‫Ͱ಺ࣨݧ‬ଌఆͨ͠ 41 ͓Αͼ 4 ◦ C ʹ͓͚Δ λs ͸ɼ‫ס‬૩ঢ়ଶͰ͸ϥΠγϝʔλʔ্Ͱଌఆ͞Εͨλs ΑΓ΋Θ͔ͣʹେ͖ͳ஋ɼ࣪५ঢ়ଶͰ͸Θ͔ͣʹখ͞ͳ஋ͱͳ͕ͬͨɼͦͷࠩ͸ඇৗʹখ͔ͬͨ͞ʢ໿ 0.03 W
m−1 K−1 ʣɽ͜ͷ͜ͱ͔ΒɼϥΠγϝʔλʔ্Ͱͷ λs ͷଌఆʹ͓͍ͯɼ೤ಛੑ‫ܭ‬ͷϓϩʔϒͱ౔৕ͱͷ઀৮ͷෆ۩߹౳ͷ໰୊͸ͳ͔ͬͨͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ

3.3 ೤ྲྀ൘๏ͱԹ౓ޯ഑๏ͷൺֱ‫ס‬૩ঢ়ଶͰͷ஍த೤ྲྀྔ͸ɼ−16 ∼ +43 W m−2 ͷؒΛਪҠ͠ʢFig. 4ʣɼԹ౓ޯ഑๏ʹΑΔଌఆ஋ʢGg0.02 ʣʹର͢Δ೤ྲྀ൘๏ʹΑΔଌఆ஋ʢGp0.02 ʣͷ r2 ͱ RMSE ͸ͦΕͧΕɼ0.997 ͓Αͼ 15.4 W m−2 Ͱ͕͋ͬͨʢTable
Fig. 4 ‫ס‬૩ঢ়ଶʹ͓͚ΔԹ౓ޯ഑๏ʢGg0.02 ʣͱ೤ྲྀ൘๏
ʢGp0.02 ʣͰ‫ٻ‬Ίͨ஍த೤ྲྀྔͷൺֱɽനൈ͖ͱృΓͭͿ͠͸ͦΕͧΕ Philip ͷิਖ਼͋Γɼແ͠Λࣔ͠ɼθ ͸ਂ͞ 0.02 m ʹ͓͚Δ͓Αͦͷମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰Λࣔ͢ɽܾఆ܎਺ʢr2 ʣ͓Αͼฏํฏ‫ۉ‬ೋ৐‫ࠩޡ‬ʢRMSEʣ͸ Table 2 ʹࣔ͢ɽComparison between soil heat ﬂux measured by the temperature
gradient method (Gg0.02 ) and that measured by the heat ﬂux plate
method (Gp0.02 ) with (open) and without (closed) Philip’s correction under dry condition. θ denotes approximate volumetricwater content at a depth of 0.02 m. Coefﬁcient of determination(r2 ) and root mean square error (RMSE) are shown in Table 2.

૩ঢ়ଶɼ͓Αͼ࣪५ঢ়ଶͰͷϥΠγϝʔλʔͷ θ ʢਂ͞

0.01 ∼ 0.03 mʣʹ΄΅౳͍͠‫ࢼڙ‬ମΛ༻ҙ͠ɼ߃Թνϟϯόʔ಺ʹͯͦΕͧΕ 41 ͓Αͼ 4 ◦ C ʹԹ౓Λઃఆ͠ɼλs Λଌఆͨ͠ɽ
͜ΕΒͷ࣮‫Ͱ಺ࣨݧ‬ͷ λs ͷଌఆͰ͸ɼ1 ͭͷ θ ʹରͯ͠‫ࢼڙ‬ମΛ 1 ͭ༻ҙ͠ɼ֤‫ࢼڙ‬ମʹର͠ɼλs Λ 15 ෼͓͖ʹ 3 ∼ 5 ճଌఆͯ͠ɼͦͷฏ‫ۉ‬஋Λ‫ٻ‬Ίͨɽ

3. ݁Ռ͓Αͼߟ࡯
3.1 ஍ද໘Թ౓ଌఆͷଥ౰ੑ
ʢ1ʣࣜͰ‫ٻ‬ΊͨԹ౓ޯ഑๏ʹΑΔ஍த೤ྲྀྔʹ͍ͭ

2ʣɼ܏͖͕΄΅ 3 ͱͳΓʢਤࣔ͸͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ʣɼԹ౓ޯ഑
๏ʹରͯ͠೤ྲྀ൘๏͸ɼ஍த೤ྲྀྔ͕ਖ਼ʢԼ޲͖ʣͷ࣌͸աେධՁ͠ɼ஍த೤ྲྀྔ͕ෛʢ্޲͖ʣͷ࣌͸աখධՁͨ͠ɽͭ·Γɼ೤ྲྀ൘๏͸஍த೤ྲྀྔͷઈର஋ΛҰఆͷׂ߹ͰաେධՁͨ͠ɽSauer et al.ʢ2003ʣ΍ Ochsner
et al.ʢ2006ʣ͸ɼຊ‫ͱڀݚ‬ಉ͡‫ࣜܗ‬ͷ೤ྲྀ൘Λ࢖ͬͯԹ౓ޯ഑๏ͱൺֱͨ݁͠Ռɼ೤ྲྀ൘๏͸Թ౓ޯ഑๏ʹൺ΂ɼ஍த೤ྲྀྔͷઈର஋ΛҰఆͷׂ߹ͰաখධՁͨ͠ͱใࠂ

Table 2 ‫ס‬૩ɼ࣪५ঢ়ଶͷͦΕͧΕʹ͓͚ΔԹ౓ޯ഑๏ͱ೤
ɼ͓ྲྀ൘๏ͷؒͷܾఆ܎਺ʢr2 ʣͱฏํฏ‫ۉ‬ೋ৐‫ࠩޡ‬ʢRMSEʣΑͼ Philip ͷิਖ਼͕ଌఆ๏ͷਫ਼౓ʹ‫͢΅ٴ‬Ө‫ڹ‬ɽ
Coefﬁcient of determination (r2 ) and root mean square error(RMSE) between soil heat ﬂux measured by the temperature gradient method and that by the heat ﬂux plate method under dry andwet condition, respectively. The effect of Philip’s correction on
the accuracy of measurement is also shown.

correction

r2

Dry*
RMSE
(W m−2 )

r2

Wet*
RMSE
(W m−2 )

No
Yes

0.997
0.997

15.4
11.0

0.983
0.982

2.1
3.4

Philip’sͯɼ஍ද໘ͷԹ౓ʹɼׂΓസΛऔΓ෇͚ͨαʔϛελʔ∗ Approximate volumetric water content at a depth of 0.02 m for the dryԹ౓‫Ͱܭ‬ଌఆͨ͠஋Λ༻͍ͯԹ౓ޯ഑Λࢉग़ͨ͠΋ͷand wet condition was 0.03 and 0.27 m3 m−3 , respectively.

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 124 ߸ɹ (2013)40

൘ͱ౔৕ͷ઀৮ͷෆ۩߹Λ‫͛ڍ‬ɼOchsner et al.ʢ2006ʣ㻤㻜͸ɼ೤ྲྀ൘͕જ೤༌ૹͷ‫د‬༩Λ‫ܭ‬ଌͰ͖ͳ͔ͬͨ͜ͱΛ㻳㼜 㻜㻚㻜㻞 㻔㼃㻌㼙 㻙 㻞㻕㻢㻜‫͍ͯ͛ڍ‬Δɽຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ Fig. 3 ΑΓɼϥΠγϝʔλʔ্Ͱͷ λs ͷଌఆʹ໰୊͸ͳ͔ͬͨͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽਤࣔ͸㻝㻦㻝㻌㻸㼕㼚㼑

㻠㻜͍ͯ͠ͳ͍͕ɼԾʹʢ1ʣࣜʹ 40 ◦ C Ͱଌఆ͞Εͨ λs Λ༻͍ͯ΋ɼ Gg0.02 ͸΄ͱΜͲมԽ͠ͳ͍ɽ೤ྲྀ൘ͷઃ㻞㻜ஔͷࡍʹ΋ɼ౔৕ͱͷ઀৮͕ྑ͘ͳΔΑ͏ʹ஫ҙΛ෷ͬͨɽ೤ྲྀ൘͕஍த೤ྲྀྔͷઈର஋ΛҰఆͷׂ߹Ͱաେධ

㻜Ձͨ͠ͱ͍͏ࣄ࣮͔Βɼજ೤༌ૹʹؔ͢Δ໰୊Ͱ͸ͳ͍㻙㻞㻜ͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽҰํͰɼ౔৕͕ඇৗʹ‫ס‬૩͍ͯͨͨ͠Ί䃗㻩㻌㻜㻚㻞㻣㻌㼙 㻟㼙㻙㻟

㻙㻠㻜
㻙㻠㻜

㻙㻞㻜

㻜

㻞㻜

㻠㻜

㻢㻜

ʹ λs ͕খ͘͞ɼ೤ྲྀ൘ͷ೤఻ಋ཰ʢλm ʣͷ໿ 1/10 ͷ஋㻤㻜㻳㼓 㻜㻚㻜㻞 㻔㼃㻌㼙㻙㻞 㻕

Fig. 5 ࣪५ঢ়ଶʹ͓͚ΔԹ౓ޯ഑๏ʢGg0.02 ʣͱ೤ྲྀ൘๏
ʢGp0.02 ʣͰ‫ٻ‬Ίͨ஍த೤ྲྀྔͷൺֱɽനൈ͖ͱృΓͭͿ͠͸ͦΕͧΕ Philip ͷิਖ਼͋Γɼແ͠Λࣔ͠ɼθ ͸ਂ͞ 0.02 m ʹ͓͚Δ͓Αͦͷମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰Λࣔ͢ɽܾఆ܎਺ʢr2 ʣ͓Αͼฏํฏ‫ۉ‬ೋ৐‫ࠩޡ‬ʢRMSEʣ͸ Table 2 ʹࣔ͢ɽComparison between soil heat ﬂux measured by the temperature
gradient method (Gg0.02 ) and that measured by the heat ﬂux plate
method (Gp0.02 ) with (open) and without (closed) Philip’s correction under wet condition. θ denotes approximate volumetricwater content at a depth of 0.02 m. Coefﬁcient of determination(r2 ) and root mean square error (RMSE) are shown in Table 2.

Ͱ͋ͬͨɽͦͷͨΊɼपғͷ౔৕ΑΓ΋೤఻ಋ཰ͷେ͖͍೤ྲྀ൘ʹଟ͘ͷ೤͕ྲྀΕͨ΋ͷͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ
࣪५ঢ়ଶͰ͸ɼ Gg0.02 ͱ Gp0.02 ͕ɼ−34 ∼ 78 W m−2ͷؒΛਪҠ͠ʢFig. 5ʣɼ−20 W m−2 ҎԼ͓Αͼ 20 W

m−2 Ҏ্Ͱ͸ɼ೤ྲྀ൘๏͕஍த೤ྲྀྔΛաେධՁ͢Δ܏
޲͕͋ͬͨ΋ͷͷ͓͓ΉͶҰக͠ɼr2 ͱ RMSE ͸ͦΕͧΕ 0.983 ͓Αͼ 2.1 W m−2 ͱɼ‫ס‬૩ঢ়ଶͰͷ৔߹ʹൺ΂ͯ‫͕ࠩޡ‬ඇৗʹখ͘͞ͳͬͨʢTable 2ʣɽ࣪५ঢ়ଶͰ
͸ɼλs ͕૿Ճ͠ λm ͷ໿ 1/2 ͱͳͬͨ͜ͱ͔ΒʢFig. 3ʣɼ೤ྲྀ൘๏͕஍த೤ྲྀྔΛաେධՁ͢Δ܏޲͕ऑ·Γɼ‫ס‬૩ঢ়ଶʹൺ΂ɼ Gg0.02 ͱ Gp0.02 ؒͷ‫ݮ͕ࠩޡ‬গͨ͠΋ͷͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ

㻴㼑㼍㼠㻌㼟㼠㼛㼞㼍㼓㼑㻌㻔㼃㻌㼙 㻙㻞 㻕

3.4 Philip ͷิਖ਼ͷӨ‫ڹ‬㻞㻜䃗 㻩㻌㻜㻚㻜㻟㻌 㼙 㻟 㼙㻙㻟

㻝㻜
㻜
㻙㻝㻜
㻔㼍㻕 㻭㼡㼓 㻞㻡㻘㻌㻞㻜㻝㻝㻙㻞㻜㻴㼑㼍㼠㻌㼟㼠㼛㼞㼍㼓㼑㻌㻔㼃㻌㼙 㻙㻞 㻕

㻜㻦㻜㻜

㻠㻦㻜㻜

㻤㻦㻜㻜 㻝㻞㻦㻜㻜 㻝㻢㻦㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻦㻜㻜㼀㼕㼙㼑䃗 㻩㻌㻜㻚㻞㻣㻌㼙 㻟 㼙 㻙㻟㻤㻜ิਖ਼ʹΑΔਫ਼౓ͷվળ͸‫ݦ‬ஶͰ͸ͳ͔ͬͨɽ·ͨ࣪५ঢ়ଶͰ͸ɼPhilip ͷิਖ਼ͷ݁Ռɼr2 ͸‫ס‬૩ঢ়ଶͷ৔߹ͱಉ༷ʹ΄ͱΜͲมԽ͠ͳ͔ͬͨ΋ͷͷɼRMSE ͕ 1.6 ഒͱͳͬͨʢTable 2ʣɽ͜Ε͸ิਖ਼ʹΑͬͯɼ஍த೤ྲྀྔͷෛͷ஋ʹ͓͚ΔԹ౓ޯ഑๏ͱͷဃ཭͕ਐΜͩͨΊͱߟ͑㻠㻜ΒΕΔʢFig. 5ʣɽ

㻜Harazono et al.ʢ1998ʣ͸ɼPhilip ͷิਖ਼ʹΑͬͯɼ೔

㻙㻠㻜
㻙㻤㻜

Philip ͷิਖ਼܎਺ʢʢ2ʣࣜʣ͸ɼ‫ס‬૩ঢ়ଶͰ͸໿ 0.82ɼ
࣪५ঢ়ଶͰ͸໿ 0.89 ͱͳͬͨɽͦͷ݁Ռɼ‫ס‬૩ঢ়ଶͰ͸ Gg0.02 ͱ Gp0.02 ͷؒͷ r2 ͸΄ͱΜͲมԽ͠ͳ͔ͬ
ͨ΋ͷͷɼิਖ਼Λ͠ͳ͔ͬͨ৔߹ʹൺ΂ͯ RMSE ͕ 4.4
W m−2 ‫ݮ‬গͨ͠ʢTable 2ʣɽ͔͠͠ Gg0.02 Λਅͷ஋ͱԾఆͨ͠৔߹ɼґવͱͯ͠ิਖ਼‫ޙ‬ͷ RMSE ͸ิਖ਼લ‫ޙ‬ͷ
RMSE ͷࠩʢ4.4 W m−2 ʣͷ 2.5 ഒ΋େ͖͘ɼPhilip ͷ㻔㼎㻕 㻰㼑㼏㻌㻝㻝㻘㻌㻞㻜㻝㻞
㻜㻦㻜㻜

㻠㻦㻜㻜

㻤㻦㻜㻜 㻝㻞㻦㻜㻜 㻝㻢㻦㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻦㻜㻜㼀㼕㼙㼑

ද૚ 0.02 m ͷஷ೤ྔͷ೔มԽɽ(a)ɼ(b) ͸ͦΕͧΕ‫ס‬૩ɼ࣪५ঢ়ଶΛࣔ͠ɼθ ͸ਂ͞ 0.02 m ʹ͓͚Δ͓Αͦͷମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰Λࣔ͢ɽ

Fig. 6தͷ஍த೤ྲྀྔ͕ 50 ∼ 60 % ૿Ճͨ͠ʢิਖ਼܎਺͕ 1.5∼ 1.6 Ͱ͋ͬͨʣͱड़΂͍ͯΔɽ·ͨ Frey et al.ʢ2011ʣ͸ɼิਖ਼܎਺͕ 0.5 ∼ 0.7 Ͱ͋ͬͨͨΊɼิਖ਼͸ॏཁͰ͋Δͱड़΂͍ͯΔɽPhilip ͷิਖ਼܎਺͸ɼʢ2ʣࣜʹࣔ͢Α͏ʹɼ౔৕ͱ೤ྲྀ൘ͷ೤఻ಋ཰ɼ͓Αͼ೤ྲྀ൘ͷ‫ܗ‬ঢ়ʹΑܾͬͯ·Δ͕ɼຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼ‫ס‬૩ঢ়ଶͰ͸ิਖ਼܎਺͕

0.82 ͱେ͖͔ͬͨͨΊɼ·ͨ࣪५ঢ়ଶͰ͸ิਖ਼ʹΑͬͯ‫͕ࠩޡ‬େ͖͘ͳͬͨ͜ͱ͔ΒɼPhilip ͷิਖ਼ͷ࣮༻্ͷDiurnal changes of heat storage in surface layer (0.02 m thickness) under dry (a) and wet (b) conditions. θ denotes approximate
volumetric water content at a depth of 0.02 m.

ޮՌ͸ೝΊΒΕͳ͔ͬͨɽ

͓ͯ͠Γɼຊ‫ڀݚ‬͸͜ΕΒͱ͸ରরతͳ݁Ռͱͳͬͨɽஷ೤ྔʢΔGʣͷ೔มԽʹ͍ͭͯɼ‫ס‬૩ঢ়ଶͰ͸ 2011
೥ 8 ݄ 25 ೔ɼ࣪५ঢ়ଶͰ͸ 2012 ೥ 12 ݄ 11 ೔ͷྫΛ

Sauer et al.ʢ2003ʣ͸ɼ೤ྲྀ൘๏ͷաখධՁͷ‫ݪ‬Ҽͱͯ͠ɼ೤ྲྀ൘ͷதԝ෦ͱ֎ԑ෦ʹੜ͡Δ೤ྲྀͷҧ͍΍೤ྲྀ

3.5 ද૚ͷஷ೤ͷӨ‫ڹ‬

Fig. 6ʢaʣʢbʣʹࣔ͢ɽ‫ס‬૩ঢ়ଶͰ͸ɼΔG ͕ −12 ∼ 17
−2
W m ͰਪҠ͠ɼ5:30 ∼ 14:30 ·Ͱ͸ਖ਼ͷ஋ɼ14:30 Ҏ࿦จɿ஍ද໘ۙ๣Ͱͷ஍த೤ྲྀྔͷଌఆʹ͓͚ΔԹ౓ޯ഑๏ͱ೤ྲྀ൘๏ͷൺֱ͓Αͼஷ೤ͷӨ‫ڹ‬
Table 3 ‫ס‬૩ɼ࣪५ঢ়ଶͷͦΕͧΕʹ͓͚Δද૚ 0.02 m ͷஷ೤ྔͷ೔ੵࢉྔɽ
Daily heat storage in surface layer (0.02 m thickness) under dry
and wet condition, respectively.
Heat storage (kJ m−2 )
Dry*
Wet*
Mean
Standard deviation

24.7
21.6

12.3
52.0

∗ Approximate volumetric water content at a depth of 0.02 m for the dry

and wet condition was 0.03 and 0.27 m3 m−3 , respectively.

41஫ҙ͕ඞཁͰ͋Δ΋ͷͷɼ஍ද໘ۙ๣Ͱ΋࢖༻Ͱ͖Δ͜
ͱ͕֬ೝͰ͖ͨɽ࣮༻తʹ͸ɼ೤ྲྀ൘ͷ‫ޮͯ͠ͱ༻ূݕ‬Ռ͕͋Δ΋ͷͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ·ͨɼ೤ྲྀ൘๏ʹΑΔ஍த
೤ྲྀྔͷଌఆʹ͓͍ͯɼPhilip ͷิਖ਼ͷ࣮༻తͳޮՌ͸ೝΊΒΕͳ͔ͬͨɽ͞Βʹɼද૚ 0.02 m ͷஷ೤ྔ͸ɼ1೔ͷதͰ͸ਂ͞ 0.02 m ʹ͓͚Δ஍த೤ྲྀྔͱಉఔ౓ͷมԽΛ͕ࣔͨ͠ɼ1 ೔ͷੵࢉͰ͸‫ۃ‬Ίͯখ͔ͬͨ͞ɽ͜
Ε͸ɼஷ೤ͱ์೤ʹΑͬͯਖ਼ຯͷஷ೤ྔ͕૬ࡴ͞ΕΔͨ
ΊͰ͋Δɽ

ँࣙ
߱ʹෛͷ஋Λࣔͨ͠ɽ࣪५ঢ়ଶͰ͸ɼΔG ͷਪҠ͕ −62∼ 89 W m−2 ͱɼ‫ס‬૩ঢ়ଶͷ৔߹ʹൺ΂ͯ޿͘ͳΓɼ஍த೤ྲྀྔͷมԽ෯ʢFig. 5ʣʹඖఢ͢Δ΄ͲͷมԽ෯ͱͳͬ
ͨɽ·ͨ 6:30 ∼ 13:30 ·Ͱ͸ਖ਼ͷ஋ɼ13:30 Ҏ߱ʹෛͷ஋Λࣔͨ͠ɽΔG ͷ೔มԽ͸ɼ‫ס‬૩ঢ়ଶͱ࣪५ঢ়ଶͷͦΕͧΕʹ͓͍ͯɼ‫؍‬ଌ‫ؒظ‬தɼಉ༷ͷ܏޲Λࣔͨ͠ɽ࣪
५ঢ়ଶͰ͸ɼ‫ס‬૩ঢ়ଶʹൺ΂ɼ஍ԹͷมԽ෯͕খ͔ͬ͞

ຊ‫ڀݚ‬ͷ਱ߦʹ͋ͨͬͯ͸ɼ౦‫ژ‬೶‫ۀ‬େֶ஍Ҭ‫ڥ؀‬Պֶ෦ੜ࢈‫ֶ޻ڥ؀‬Պ஍ਫ޻ֶ‫ࣨڀݚ‬ઐ߈ੜͷ‫ྗڠ‬Λ௖͍ͨɽ·ͨ๺ւಓ೶‫ڀݚۀ‬ηϯλʔͷኍా஌ྑത࢜ɼ͓Αͼ Cranﬁeld University ͷ Robert W. Simmons ത࢜ΑΓɼ‫ʹߘݪ‬ରͯ͠‫و‬ॏͳॿ‫ݴ‬Λࣀͬͨɽ‫ँͯ͠ه‬ҙΛද͠·͢ɽͨʹ΋͔͔ΘΒͣʢTable 1ʣɼΔG ͷมԽ෯͕େ͖͘ͳͬ

Ҿ༻จ‫ݙ‬

ͨͷ͸ʢFig. 6ʣɼਫͷఆѹൺ೤ʢCW ʣ͕౔৕ͷଞͷߏ੒ཁૉʹൺ΂ͯେ͖͍͜ͱ͔Βɼ࣪५ঢ়ଶʹ͓͚Δ౔৕ͷ

Cobos, D.R. and Baker, J.M. (2003): In situ measurement of soilମੵ೤༰ྔʢCʣ͕‫ס‬૩ঢ়ଶΑΓ΋େ͖͘ͳͬͨͨΊͱ

heat ﬂux with the gradient method. Vadose Zone Journal, 2:ߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ

589–594.

͜ͷΑ͏ʹɼΔG ͸ 1 ೔ͷதͰେ͖͘มԽ͢ΔͨΊɼ

Evett, S.R., Agam, N., Kustas, W.P., Colaizzi, P.D. and Schwartz,

Mayocchi and Bristowʢ1995ʣ΍޿ాΒʢ2001ʣ͕ࢦఠ͠
͍ͯΔ௨Γɼ1 ೔ະຬͷִ࣌ؒؒͰ஍ද໘ʹ͓͚Δ஍த

conductivity and heat ﬂux: Comparison to soil heat ﬂux plates.

೤ྲྀྔͷมԽΛৄࡉʹௐ΂Δ৔߹͸ɼ೤ྲྀ൘΍Թ౓ޯ഑๏Ͱ‫ٻ‬Ίͨ஍த೤ྲྀྔʹ ΔG ΛՃ͑Δඞཁ͕͋ΔɽҰํͰɼΔG Λ 1 ೔Ͱੵࢉ͠ɼ‫؍‬ଌ‫ؒظ‬Λ௨ͯ͠ฏ‫͢ۉ‬Δͱɼ

‫ס‬૩ঢ়ଶͰ͸ 24.7 ± 21.6 kJ m−2 ɼ࣪५ঢ়ଶͰ͸ 12.3 ±52.0 kJ m−2 ͱͳͬͨʢTable 3ʣɽ1 ೔ੵࢉͷ ΔG ͸ɼ஍ද໘Թ౓ʹΑΔ஍த೤ྲྀྔͷଌఆ‫ࠩޡ‬ʢFig. 2ʣ΍ɼԹ౓ޯ഑๏ͱ೤ྲྀ൘๏ͷؒͷ‫ࠩޡ‬ʢTable 2ʣΛ 1 ೔Ͱੵࢉͨ͠৔߹ͱൺֱ͢Δͱɼ1/10 ҎԼͱ‫ۃ‬Ίͯখ͍͞ɻ͜Ε͸ɼਖ਼ෛʹมԽ͢Δ ΔG ͕ɼ1 ೔Λ௨ͯ͠૬ࡴ͞ΕͨͨΊͰ͋Δɽ͜ͷ͜ͱ͔Βɼ‫ق‬અมಈ΍௕‫ظ‬มಈͷධՁͷΑ͏ʹɼ஍த೤ྲྀྔΛ 1 ೔ੵࢉͰ༻͍ΔΑ͏ͳ৔߹͸ɼ஍ද໘͔Βް͞ 0.02 m ͷ ΔG ͸஍த೤ྲྀྔʹ΄ͱΜͲӨ‫ڹ‬Λ‫͑ߟͱ͍ͳ͞΅ٴ‬ΒΕΔɽ

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Ռɼ౔৕͕࣪५Ͱɼͦͷ೤఻ಋ཰͕೤ྲྀ൘ͷ೤఻ಋ཰ͷ

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ཁࢫ஍த೤ྲྀྔ͸ɼ཮໘ʹ͓͚Δ೤ަ‫׵‬ͷॏཁͳߏ੒ཁૉͰ͋Γɼ೤ऩࢧΛ΋ͱʹͨ͠ৠൃࢄྔͷఆྔԽʹඞཁͰ͋ΔɻͦͷͨΊɼଌఆํ๏ͷಛੑΛ஌Δ͜ͱ͸༗ӹͰ͋Δɽຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼҟͳΔ౔৕ਫ෼ͷ΋ͱɼ
ʢiʣਂ͞ 0.02 m ʹ͓͍ͯԹ౓ޯ഑๏ͱ೤ྲྀ൘๏Λൺֱ͢Δ͜ͱɼ
ʢiiʣͦͷࡍɼ೤ྲྀ൘๏ʹ͓͍ͯ Philipͷิਖ਼ͷӨ‫ݕ͍ͯͭʹڹ‬౼͢Δ͜ͱɼ
ʢiiiʣ͞Βʹද૚ʢް͞ 0.02 mʣͷஷ೤ͷӨ‫ݕ͍ͯͭʹڹ‬౼͢Δ͜
ͱɼΛ໨తͱͨ͠ɽͦͷ݁Ռɼ౔৕ͷ೤఻ಋ཰͕೤ྲྀ൘ͷ೤఻ಋ཰ͷ໿ 1/2 ͷ৔߹ʢ࣪५ঢ়ଶʣͰ͸ɼԹ౓ޯ഑๏ͱ೤ྲྀ൘๏͸ඇৗʹΑ͘Ұக͕ͨ͠ɼ౔৕ͷ೤఻ಋ཰͕೤ྲྀ൘ͷ೤఻ಋ཰ͷ໿ 1/10 ͷ৔߹ʢ‫ס‬૩ঢ়ଶʣͰ͸ɼ೤ྲྀ൘๏͸஍த೤ྲྀྔͷઈର஋ΛҰఆͷׂ߹ͰաେධՁͨ͠ɽ·ͨ Philip ͷิਖ਼ͷ࣮༻తͳޮՌ͸ೝΊΒΕͳ͔ͬͨɽ͞Βʹද૚ͷஷ೤ྔ͸ɼ1 ೔ͷதͰ͸ਂ͞ 0.02 m ʹ͓͚Δ஍த೤ྲྀྔͱಉఔ౓ͷมԽΛ͕ࣔͨ͠ɼ1 ೔ͷੵࢉͰ͸‫ۃ‬Ίͯখ͔ͬͨ͞ɽ
Ωʔϫʔυɿ஍த೤ྲྀྔଌఆ๏ɼ೤఻ಋ཰ɼ஍ද໘Թ౓ɼ೤ऩࢧɼ౔৕໘ৠൃ

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

No. 124, p.43 ∼ 49 (2013)ਫ෼‫ٵ‬୤ணଌఆ૷ஔ “AquaLab VSA”Λ༻͍ͨ௿ਫ෼ྖҬͷ౔ͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢͷଌఆ౉ล৾ੜ 1 · ௕ా༑ཬ‫ ܙ‬1 · ࡔҪɹউ 1 · औग़৳෉ 1

Successive measurement of water retention curves for relativity dry soils using “AquaLab VSA”
Kunio WATANABE 1 , Yurie OSADA1 , Masaru SAKAI1 and Nobuo TORIDE1

Abstract: The AquaLab Vapor Sorption Analyzer (VSA)
is an automatic isotherm generator to measure water potential for a sample with a chilled-mirror dew-point sensor
while gravimetrically tracking the sample weight during
wetting and drying processes. In this study, we applied the
VSA to measure water retention curves for relatively dry
soils ranging from −7.2 × 104 cm to −3.2 × 106 cm, andinvestigated the accuracy of measurement and properties of
the VSA setting parameters. We conﬁrmed that soil water
potential was equilibrated with air humidity for the DVS
method with 0.01 % h−1 of the weight trigger. The equilibrated water content by weight was almost identical regardless of the soil bulk density since the surface retention
was dominant in the dry range. The newly developed DDI(Dynamic Dewpoint Isotherm) method was validated with
the DVS method. The DDI method could accurately measure successive retention curves for 50 h measuring timewith the ﬂow rate of 100 mL min−1 . Hysteretic retention
curves as well as scanning curves in a dry range could bealso observed in a repeatable manner for Fujinomori silty
loam soil, Tokachi Andisol, and Tottori dune sand using
the DDI method.
Key Words : water retention curve, soil water potential,
chilled-mirror dew-point potentiometer, DDI method, hysteresis

1. ͸͡Ίʹ
ۙ೥ɼDecagon ࣾͷ WP4 ʹ୅ද͞ΕΔ‫ڸ‬໘ྫྷ٫࿐఺ࣜ
ਫϙςϯγϟϧ‫ܭ‬ʢChilled-mirror dew-point potentiome-terʣ͕ී‫͠ٴ‬ɼਫ಄୯ҐͰ −5000 cm ఔ౓ҎԼͷ௿ਫਫ෼ྖҬͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢͷଌఆ๏ͱͯ͠ɼՃѹ൘๏΍ৠ‫ؾ‬ѹ๏ͱஔ͖‫׵‬ΘΓͭͭ͋ΔʢKirkham, 2005; Watanabe

et al., 2012ʣɽ
౔ͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢ͸ɼࢼྉͷ࣪५΍‫ס‬૩ͷཤྺʹґଘ͢ΔɽͦͷͨΊɼ୤ਫͷओ‫ۂ‬ઢͰ͸๞࿨ࢼྉ͔Β୤ਫɼ‫ٵ‬ਫͷओ‫ۂ‬ઢͰ͸‫ס‬૩ࢼྉ͔Β‫ٵ‬ਫʹΑΓࢼྉΛ࡞੒͢
Δඞཁ͕͋Δɽ͔͠͠ɼ௿ਫ෼ྖҬͷࢼྉͰ͸ɼ࡞੒࣌ͷࢼྉ؅ཧ΍ඍগͳਫ෼ྔมԽͷௐ੔ɼਫ෼ฏߧͷ൑ఆͳͲɼཤྺΛ໌֬ʹͨ͠ࢼྉௐ੔͕೉͍͠ɽ·ͨɼ௿ਫ෼ྖҬͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢͷώεςϦγεͷଌఆྫ͕΄ͱΜͲͳ͍ͨΊɼࢼྉͷཤྺͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢʹ‫͢΅ٴ‬Ө‫ڹ‬ͷৄࡉ͸ෆ໌Ͱ͋Δɽ
ͱ͜ΖͰɼ৯඼ͷ඼࣭؅ཧ΍คཻମͷਫৠ‫ؾ‬ಁա཰ͷଌఆ౳ʹ͸ɼࢼྉपғͷ૬ର࣪౓Λࣗಈతʹௐ੔͠ɼಉ࣌
ʹࢼྉͷਫϙςϯγϟϧΛ‫ڸ‬໘ྫྷ٫࿐఺ࣜਫϙςϯγϟ
ϧ‫Ͱܭ‬ଌఆ͢Δࣗಈਫ෼‫ٵ‬୤ணଌఆ૷ஔ͕༻͍ΒΕ͍ͯΔʢͨͱ͑͹ Barbosa-Cánovas et al., 2007; Oliver andMeinders, 2011; Barba et al., 2013ʣɽਫϙςϯγϟϧͷଌఆํࣜʹ͸ɼҰఆ࣪౓ͷۭ‫ؾ‬Λ༩͑ͯਫৠ‫ٵ͕ؾ‬ண͢Δ
աఔͷࢼྉͷॏྔΛ࿈ଓଌఆ͢Δ DVSʢDynamic Vapor

SorptionʣํࣜͱΘ͔ͣͳ࣪౓มԽΛ༩͑ͳ͕ΒฏߧͱΈͳ͢ਫϙςϯγϟϧͱࢼྉͷॏྔΛ࿈ଓଌఆ͢Δ DDIʢDynamic Dewpoint Isothermʣํ͕ࣜ͋ΔɽDVS ͸ैདྷ͔ΒͷଌఆํࣜͰ͋ΓɼDDI ͸ Decagon ࣾͷ AquaLab
VSAʢVapor Sorption Analyzer, ҎԼ VSAʣ͕৽ͨʹ࠾༻ͨ͠ํࣜͰ͋ΔɽDDI ͸ɼDVS ʹൺ΂ଌఆ͕࣌ؒ୹
͘ɼߴղ૾౓ͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢ͕ಘΒΕΔಛ௃Λ࣋ͭɽ৯෼ྖҬͷ౔ͷਫϙςϯγϟϧଌఆʹ‫͞༻׆‬Ε͍ͯΔɽ͜඼ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼVSA Λ༻͍ͨ DVS ଌఆͱଞͷଌఆ๏ͱͷਫϙςϯγϟϧ‫Ͱܭ‬ଌఆ͞ΕΔ౔தͷਫϙςϯγϟϧ

ͷൺֱʢShands and Labuza, 2009ʣ΍ DDI ͱ DVS ͷൺ͸ɼ௨ৗͷ༹࣭ೱ౓ͷൣғͰ͸ϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ

ֱ‫ݕ‬౼ʢSchmidt and Lee, 2009ʣ΋ਐΊΒΕ͍ͯΔɽ͠

ʹ౳͍͠ʢJury and Horton, 2004ʣɽͦ͜Ͱɼଌఆͷਝ଎

͔͠ɼVSA ͷ౔ࢼྉ΁ͷԠ༻ྫ͸গͳ͘ɼDDI ଌఆʹΑ͞΍؆ศ͔͞Βɼ‫ڸ‬໘ྫྷ٫࿐఺ࣜਫϙςϯγϟϧ‫ܭ‬͸ɼ௿

Δ౔ͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢʹରͯ͠͸ɼ౔ࢼྉͱૹ෩ۭ‫ؾ‬ͷฏߧʹ͍ͭͯͷ‫ݕ‬౼͕ඞཁͰ͋Δɽ

1 Graduate

School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 KurimaMachiya, Tsu 514-8507, Japan. Corresponding authorɿ౉ล৾ੜɼࡾ
ॏେֶɹେֶӃੜ෺ࢿ‫ڀݚֶݯ‬Պ
2013 ೥ 4 ݄ 2 ೔डߘɹ 2013 ೥ 6 ݄ 27 ೔डཧͦ͜Ͱຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼ·ͣ VSA ͷଌఆ‫ݪ‬ཧΛ঺հ্ͨ͠Ͱɼ௿ਫ෼ྖҬͷ౔ͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢଌఆ΁ͷ DVS ͱ

DDI ͷద༻Λ‫ݕ‬౼͢ΔɽͦΕͧΕͷํࣜͷઃఆύϥϝʔ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 124 ߸ɹ (2013)

44

ଌఆ͢Δɽ
ࢼྉͷਫ෼ྔʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼॳ‫ظ‬ʢ͋Δ͍͸࠷ऴʣࢼྉ
ͷ‫ؚ‬ਫൺΛ‫ج‬४஋ͱͯ͠ɼࢼྉॏྔͷ૬ରతมԽ͔Β‫ؚ‬ਫൺΛ‫ٻ‬ΊΔɽࢼྉͷਫϙςϯγϟϧਫ಄ hT ʢcmʣ͸ɼ·ͣࢼྉԹ౓ T ʢKʣʹରԠ͢Δ๞࿨ਫৠ‫ؾ‬ѹ P∗ ʢPaʣͱ‫ڸ‬໘Թ౓ʹରԠ͢Δ๞࿨ਫৠ‫ؾ‬ѹ PʢPaʣΛͦΕͧΕࢉग़͠ɼ૬ର࣪౓ aw = P/P∗ Λ‫ٻ‬ΊΔɽ͜ͷ aw ͸ਫ෼‫׆‬ੑͱ΋Α͹ΕΔʢStokes and Robinson, 1949; Campbell

et al., 2010ʣɽͦͯ͠ɼ࣍ͷ Kelvin ํఔࣜʹ‫ ͖ͮج‬hT Λ
ࢉग़͢ΔʢSchoﬁeld, 1935; Kirkham, 2005ʣɽ
hT =Fig. 1 VSA ࢼྉࣨͷ֓೦ਤɽ
Schematics of the VSA sample chamber.

100 RTln aw
ρw g M(1)

͜͜ͰɼR ͸‫ؾ‬ମఆ਺ɼρw ͸ਫͷີ౓ɼg ͸ॏྗՃ଎౓ɼ
M ͸ਫͷ෼ࢠྔͰ͋ΔɽhT ͸ɼϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧ h ͱਁಁϙςϯγϟϧͷ࿨Ͱ͋Δɽͳ͓ɼຊใͰ͸ɼϙςϯγϟϧʹ͸ਫ಄୯ҐʢcmʣΛ༻͍Δɽ
ʢ1ʣࣜʹै͑͹ɼ25 ◦ C ʹ͓͍ͯ aw ͕ 0.600, 0.950,

Fig. 2 ‫ٵ‬Ҿ๏ɼՃѹ൘๏ɼWP4 Ͱଌఆͨ͠ 3 छͷ౔ͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢɽ

Water retention curves for three types of soils measured withhanging water, pressure plate and chilled-mirror dew-point methods.

0.995 ͱ૿Ճ͢ΔͱɼhT ͸ −7.03 × 105 , −7.06 × 104 ,−6.90 × 103 cm ͱࢦ਺ؔ਺తʹ૿Ճ͢Δɽ·ͨɼʢ1ʣࣜ
ͷ aw ͱ hT ͷਫ਼౓͸ɼओʹ੺֎Թ౓‫ʹܭ‬ΑΔ T ͷଌఆਫ਼౓ʹґଘ͢Δɽ·ͨɼaw ͕๞࿨ʹ͍ۙྖҬ΄ͲɼT ͷଌఆਫ਼౓ͷӨ‫ڹ‬Λड͚Δɽͨͱ͑͹ɼT ͷਫ਼౓͕
±0.012 ◦ C Ͱ͋Ε͹ɼhT ͷਫ਼౓͸ ±1000 cmɼ±0.12 ◦ CͰ͋Ε͹ ±104 cm ͱͳΔɽۙ೥ɼWP4 ͸੺֎Թ౓‫ܭ‬ͷਫ਼౓Λ ±0.01 ◦ C ʹ޲্ͤ͞ɼ૬ର࣪౓ͷଌఆՄೳྖҬΛ 0.1 < aw < 0.993ʢ − 3.2 × 106 < hT < −1000 cmʣʹ޿͛ͨɽҰํɼ‫ࡏݱ‬ͷ VSA ͷ੺֎Թ౓‫ܭ‬ͷਫ਼౓͸ ±0.1
◦ C Ͱ͋Δɽ VSA ͷଌఆՄೳྖҬ͸ɼૹ෩ۭ‫ؾ‬ͷ࣪౓ௐ੔ͷ‫ػ‬ցత໰୊ʹ΋ؔ࿈ͯ͠ɼ࢓্༷ 0.03 < aw <0.95ʢ − 5 × 106 < hT < −7.2 × 104 cmʣʹ੍‫͞ݶ‬Ε͍ͯΔɽ

λɼଌఆ্ͷ஫ҙ఺Λ໌Β͔ʹ͠ɼDDI ʹΑΔฏߧϙς

2.2 ૬ର࣪౓ͷ੍‫ޚ‬
VSA Ͱ͸ɼ‫ס‬૩ۭ‫࣪ͱؾ‬५ۭ‫ؾ‬ͷࠞ߹ʹΑΓࢼྉࣨϯγϟϧଌఆͷਫ਼౓Λ‫ݕ‬౼͢Δɽͦͯ͠ɼҟͳΔ౔ੑͷʹૹ෩͢Δۭ‫ؾ‬ͷ࣪౓Λௐ੔͢Δɽ͜ͷ‫ؾۭڅڙ‬ͷ࣪౓௿ਫ෼ྖҬͷ౔ͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢɼ‫ٵ‬ਫ‫ۂ‬ઢͱ୤ਫ‫ۂ‬ઢͷͷ੍‫ʹޚ‬͸ɼDVS ͱ DDI ͷ 2 ํ͔ࣜΒબ୒Ͱ͖Δɽै

ώεςϦγεͷଌఆ݁ՌΛใࠂ͢Δɽ

2. VSA ͷଌఆ‫ݪ‬ཧ
2.1 ਫϙςϯγϟϧͱਫ෼ྔͷଌఆདྷํࣜͰ͋Δ DVS ͸ɼҰఆ࣪౓ͷۭ‫ؾ‬Λૹ෩͠ɼࢼྉ
ॏྔ m ͱ૬ର࣪౓ aw Λଌఆͨ͠‫ޙ‬ɼૹ෩ۭ‫ؾ‬ͷ࣪౓Λஈ֊తʹมߋͤͯ͞ଌఆΛ‫܁‬Γฦ͢ɽଌఆʹؔ͢Δઃఆ߲໨͸ɼଌఆ։͓࢝Αͼऴྃʢ͋Δ͍͸ંΓฦ͠఺ʣͷ͍ͯΔɽ0.5 ∼ 5 g ͷࢼྉΛ಺‫ ܘ‬37 mm ͷεςϯϨεη

aw ɼࢼྉࣨͷԹ౓ T ɼstep ͱΑ͹ΕΔૹ෩ۭ‫ؾ‬ͷ࣪౓ͷࠁΈ෯ Δastep ɼtrigger ͱΑ͹ΕΔฏߧ൑ఆʹؔ͢Δ‫ج‬४஋ mtrig ɼevent ͱΑ͹ΕΔ mtrig ͷ൑ఆ‫܁‬Γฦ͠ճ਺ ntrig ɼ֤ஈ֊ͷ࠷େ‫ܭ‬ଌ࣌ؒͷ Δtmax Ͱ͋ΔɽDVS Ͱ͸ɼૹ෩ྲྀྔͷௐઅ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍ɽmtrig ͷ‫ج‬४ͷৄࡉ͸࢓༷ॻʹ͸ϧ಺ʹ޿͛ɼਫ਼ີട্ʹ੩ஔ͢ΔɽࢼྉࣨΛີด‫ޙ‬ɼઃ໌‫͞ه‬Ε͍ͯͳ͍͕ɼଌఆॏྔͷ૬ରมԽ཰ʹ‫جͮ͘ج‬Fig. 1 ʹɼVSA ͷࢼྉࣨͷ֓ཁΛࣔ͢ɽࢼྉࣨͷ༰ੵ
͸ 15 mL ఔ౓Ͱ͋Δɽࢼྉ্ࣨ෦ʹ͸ϖϧνΣૉࢠͱαʔϛελΛඋ͑ͨ‫ڸ‬ɼ੺֎Թ౓‫ܭ‬ɼখ‫ܕ‬ϑΝϯ͕ɼࢼྉࣨԼ෦ʹ͸ਫ਼౓ 0.1 mg ͷਫ਼ີട͕ͦΕͧΕ഑ஔ͞ΕఆԹ౓ʹอͪͳ͕Βখ‫ܕ‬ϑΝϯΛճ͠ɼࢼྉࣨͷۭ‫ؾ‬ͷ४஋Ͱ͋Γ୯Ґ͸ % h−1 Ͱ͋Δɽଌఆॏྔͷ૬ରมԽ૬ର࣪౓ͱࢼྉΛฏߧͤ͞Δɽ࣍ʹɼϨʔβʔޫΛ‫ڸ‬໘཰͕࿈ଓͯ͠ ntrig ճ mtrig ҎԼʹͳͬͨ࣌఺Ͱ m Λଌఆʹরࣹ͠ͳ͕Βɼ‫ڸ‬ͷද໘Թ౓ΛϖϧνΣૉࢠʹΑΓม͠ɼૹ෩ۭ‫ؾ‬ͷ࣪౓Λ Δastep มԽͤ͞Δɽmtrig ͕খ͘͞Խͤ͞Δɽͦͯ͠ɼ൓ࣹޫͷ‫౓ڧ‬มԽ͔Β‫ڸ‬໘ͷ݁࿐Λ

ntrig ͷճ਺͕ଟ͍΄Ͳ aw ʹฏߧͨ͠ m ͷਪఆਫ਼౓͸ߴ൑ఆ͠ɼ݁࿐࣌ͷ‫ڸ‬໘Թ౓ΛαʔϛελͰଌఆ͢Δɽ·

͘ͳΔ͕ɼଌఆ࣌ؒ͸௕͘ͳΔɽ·ͨɼmtrig ͷ৚݅ΛຬͨɼࢼྉͷԹ౓ͱॏྔΛ੺֎Թ౓‫ͱܭ‬ਫ਼ີടͰͦΕͧΕͨ͞ͳͯ͘΋ɼ‫ܭ‬ଌ͕࣌ؒ Δtmax ʹୡ͢Δͱɼ࣍ͷઃఆ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτɿਫ෼‫ٵ‬୤ணଌఆ૷ஔʠAquaLab VSAʡΛ༻͍ͨ௿ਫ෼ྖҬͷ౔ͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢͷଌఆ

45

Fig. 3 DVS ͱ DDI Ͱଌఆͨ͠ʢaʣ૬ର࣪౓ aw ͱʢbʣࢼྉͷॏྔมԽ Δmɽ
DVS vs. DDI for (a) relative humidity aw and (b) sample weight Δm as a function of relative time.

࣪౓ͷଌఆʹҠߦ͢ΔɽͦͷͨΊɼେ͖ͳ mtrig ɼ·ͨখௗऔٰ࠭࠭ʢρb = 1.45 g cm−3 ʣͷ୤ਫաఔͷਫ෼อ࣋͞ͳ ntrig ͱ Δtmax ͸ɼଌఆ࣌ؒΛ୹ॖ͢Δ͕ m ͷฏߧͷ‫ۂ‬ઢͰ͋Δɽਤதͷ࣮ઢ͸ɼvan Genuchtenʢ1980ʣͷࣜ৴པੑΛ௿Լͤ͞ΔɽʹΑΔద߹‫ۂ‬ઢͰ͋Δɽ

ҰํɼVSA ʹ৽ͨʹ࠾༻͞Εͨ DDI ͸ɼ‫ؾۭڅڙ‬ͷ࣪౓Λ࿈ଓతʹมԽͤ͞ͳ͕ΒɼฏߧͱΈͳ͢ m ͱ aw

VSA ͷଌఆʹ͸ɼे෼ʹ‫ס‬૩ͨ͠ॳ‫ظ‬ঢ়ଶͱͯ͠ɼ෩‫ ʹޙס‬2 mm ᝲ௨աͷ౻ͷ৿౔ͱࠇϘΫ౔ɼਫચ‫ʹޙ‬࿍Λಉ࣌ʹଌఆ͢Δɽଌఆʹؔ͢Δઃఆ߲໨͸ɼଌఆ։࢝

‫ס‬૩ͨ͠ௗऔٰ࠭࠭Λ༻͍ͨɽ͜ͷͱ͖ɼࢼྉΛਫ෼อ͓Αͼऴྃͷ aw ɼࢼྉࣨͷ T ɼresolution ͱΑ͹ΕΔ aw

࣋‫ۂ‬ઢͷ ρb ͰηϧʢFig. 1ʣʹॆర͢Δͱɼଌఆ։࢝ͷͷग़ྗղ૾౓ Δares ɼ୯Ґ࣌ؒ͋ͨΓͷૹ෩ྲྀྔ Qair ɼશ

aw ͱࢼྉ͕ฏߧ͢Δ·Ͱͷ͕࣌ؒ௕͘ͳΓɼͦͷؒͷaw ͷ͹Β͖͕ͭେ͖͘ͳͬͨɽ౻ͷ৿౔ͷ৔߹ɼࢼྉΛΏΔ͘ηϧఈʹ޿͛ΔΑ͏ʹ ρb = 0.84 g cm−3 Ͱॆరͨ͠ͱ͖͸ɼρb = 1.18 g cm−3 ͷ৔߹ʹൺ΂ͯଌఆ։࢝ͷaw ʹୡ͢Δ·Ͱʹཁ͢Δ͕࣌ؒ 23 h ୹͘ɼ͜ͷؒͷ aw
ͷ͹Β͖ͭ΋൒෼ఔ౓ͱͳͬͨɽҰํɼଌఆ։࢝ͷ aw౸ୡ‫ʹޙ‬ಘΒΕΔ hT ʹ͸ɼρb ͷӨ‫ڹ‬͸ೝΊΒΕͳ͔ͬଌఆͷ࠷େ‫ܭ‬ଌ࣌ؒͷ tmax Ͱ͋ΔɽDDI ʹ͓͚Δ Δaresͷৄࡉ͸࢓༷ॻʹࣔ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍͕ɼΔares ͕খ͍͞΄ͲɼΑΓখ͞ͳࠁΈ෯Ͱ aw ͕มԽ͢Δɽ Δares Λ 0.01
͔Β 0.1 ·Ͱେ͖ͯ͘͠΋ɼଌఆ࣌ؒ͸ 3 ׂఔ౓͔͠୹
ॖ͞Εͳ͍ͷͰɼҎԼɼຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ൺֱత࿈ଓతʹଌఆ݁ՌΛग़ྗͰ͖Δਪ঑஋ͷ Δares = 0.01 Λ༻͍ͨɽฏߧաఔͷਫ෼มԽͷ‫ݕ‬౼΍ɼ͋Δಛఆͷਫϙςϯͨɽ͜Ε͸ɼ௿ਫ෼ྖҬͰ͸౔ཻࢠද໘ͷอਫ͕୎ӽ͢

γϟϧͷਫ෼ྔΛಘΔʹ͸ DVS ͕ద͓ͯ͠Γɼ࿈ଓ͠ΔͨΊͰ͋Δɽͦ͜Ͱɼ͍ͣΕͷࢼྉ΋ 2 g ఔ౓ΛΏΔͨਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢͷଌఆʹ͸ DDI ͕ద͍ͯ͠Δɽ͘ηϧఈʹ෴͏Α͏ʹ޿͛ͯଌఆʹ‫ͨ͠ڙ‬ɽॏྔมԽ͔

3. VSA ͷ౔΁ͷద༻ྫ
3.1 ࢼྉ

Β‫·ٻ‬Δ‫ؚ‬ਫൺ w ͸ɼͦΕͧΕͷࢼྉͷ ρb Λ৐ͯ͡ମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ θ ʹ‫ͨ͠ࢉ׵‬ɽ

3.2 DVS ͱ DDI ͷઃఆύϥϝʔλ·ͨɼ͍ͣΕͷ౔ʹ͍ͭͯ΋ి‫఻ؾ‬ಋ౓͸‫ۃ‬Ίͯ௿͘
DVS ʹ͍ͭͯ͸౻ͷ৿౔ɼDDI ʹ͍ͭͯ͸౻ͷ৿౔ɼ−1 ɼh ʹର͢Δਁಁϙςϯγϟϧ
ʢ
EC
T
1:5 < 8.5 mS m ʣेউࠇϘΫ౔ɼௗऔٰ࠭࠭ͷ 3 छͷ౔Λର৅ʹ VSA ͷద༻ΛࢼΈͨɽ౻ͷ৿౔͸ɼ༗‫ػ‬෺Λ΄ͱΜͲ‫͍ͳ·ؚ‬੒෼ͷ‫د‬༩͸े෼ʹখ͍͞ͱߟ͑ΒΕͨɽͦ͜ͰɼҎԼԼ૚౔Ͱ͋Γɼ೪౔෼͕ 24 % Λ઎ΊΔγϧτϩʔϜͰͷٞ࿦Ͱ͸ɼVSA Ͱଌఆ͞ΕΔ hT ΛϚτϦοΫϙςϯ

͋ΔɽेউࠇϘΫ౔͸ɼ๺ւಓ೶‫ڀݚۀ‬ηϯλʔժࣨ‫ݚ‬‫఺ڌڀ‬ͷແ২ੜะ৔ͷද૚͔Β࠾౔ͨ͠ɽ Fig. 2 ͸ɼ‫ٵ‬Ҿ๏ɼՃѹ൘๏ɼWP4 Ͱଌఆͨ͠౻ͷ৿౔ʢ‫ס‬૩ີ౓ρb = 1.18 g cm−3 ʣɼेউࠇϘΫ౔ʢρb = 0.95 g cm−3 ʣɼγϟϧਫ಄ h ͱΈͳ͠ɼਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢʢθ –h ؔ܎ʣΛ‫ٻ‬Ίͨɽͳ͓ɼ͢΂ͯͷଌఆ͸ 25 ◦ C ͷ߃ԹࣨͰɼࢼྉࣨ

ͷઃఆԹ౓Λ 25 ◦ C ͱͯ͠ߦͬͨɽ

Fig. 3 ʹɼDVS ͱ DDI ʹΑΔ౻ͷ৿౔ͷ‫ٵ‬ਫ‫ޙ‬୤ਫա

46౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 124 ߸ɹ (2013)aw = 0.95 ͸ h = −7.2 × 104 cm ʹରԠ͢Δɽࢼྉͷଌఆ‫ج‬४ͷҰ൪‫͍͠ݫ‬৚݅ͱͯ͠༩͑ͨ mtrig = 0.01 % h−1 ɼΔtmax ͷ੍‫͠ͳݶ‬ͷଌఆ஋Λ࣮ઢͰ݁ΜͰࣔ͠ɼҎԼͷൺֱͰ͸࠷΋৴པੑͷߴ͍σʔλͱΈͳͨ͠ɽ‫ٵ‬ਫաఔʹൺ΂ͯ୤ਫաఔͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢ͸େ͖ͳਫ෼ྔ θ Λࣔ͠ɼώεςϦγε͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕͨɽh = −2.5 × 105 cm ෇ۙͰ‫ٵ‬ਫաఔͱ୤ਫաఔͷ θ ͷࠩ͸࠷େʹͳΓɼΔθ =0.008

m3 m−3 ఔ౓Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ·ͨɼ͜ͷ‫ٵ‬୤ਫաఔશྖҬͷଌఆʹ͸ 84.2 h Λཁͨ͠ɽ

mtrig Λ 0.1% h−1 ʹେ͖͘͢Δͱɼଌఆ࣌ؒ͸ 42.2 hͱ൒‫͕ͨ͠ݮ‬ɼ‫ٵ‬ਫ‫ۂ‬ઢΛશମతʹ Δθ =0.002 m3 m−3ఔ౓աখධՁͨ͠ɽ‫ʹٯ‬ɼmtrig Λ 0.01 % h−1 ΑΓখ͞
͘͢Δͱɼଌఆ࣌ؒ͸‫ʹܹٸ‬௕͘ͳ͕ͬͨɼଌఆ͞ΕΔ
ਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢ͸΄΅౳͔ͬͨ͠ɽ
ҟͳΔฏߧ൑ఆ‫ج‬४஋ mtrig ͱ࠷େ‫ܭ‬ଌ࣌ؒ Δtmax Λ༻͍ͯ DVS Ͱ‫ٻ‬Ίͨ౻ͷ৿౔ͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢɽ

Fig. 4

Water retention curves for Fujinomori silt loam measured with
DVS with different trigger mtrig and timeout Δtmax .

Ұํɼmtrig = 0.01 % h−1 ͷଌఆ࣌ؒ͸ɼΔtmax = 1 hͰ͸ 10.8 hɼΔtmax = 0.25 h Ͱ͸ 5.2 h ͱ୹͘ͳ͕ͬͨɼh ͕େ͖͍΄Ͳ‫ٵ‬ਫաఔͷ θ ΛաখධՁͨ͠ɽΔtmax Λઃఆ͢ΔͱɼંΓฦ͠ͷ୤ਫ։࢝࣌ʢaw = 0.95ʣͷ θ ͕খ͍ͨ͞ΊɼΔtmax ͷ੍‫ʹ͠ͳݶ‬ൺ΂ͯ୤ਫաఔॳ‫ظ‬ͷθ ΛաখධՁͨ͠ɽ͔͠͠ɼh < −106 cm Ͱ͸‫ ʹٯ‬θ ΛաେධՁͨ͠ɽ͜Ε͸ɼΔtmax ͕খ͗͢͞Δͱɼ࣪౓ͷ௿Լʹରͯ͠ɼࢼྉ͕े෼ʹ୤ਫͤͣʹ࣍ͷ૬ର࣪౓΁Ҡ
ߦ͢ΔͨΊͰ͋Δɽ2 g ఔ౓ͷ౻ͷ৿౔Ͱ͸ɼΔtmax ͷ੍‫͠ͳݶ‬ͷ৔߹ɼ֤ஈ֊ͷଌఆʹ͸໿ 10 h Λཁͨ͠ɽ௨ৗ
ͷࢼྉͷ৔߹ɼDVS ʹ͓͚Δ m ͷߴ͍ਫ਼౓ͷଌఆʹ͸ɼ

Δmtrig = 0.01 % h−1 ఔ౓Ͱ Δtmax > 10 h ͷઃఆ͕ඞཁͰ
͋Δɽ·ͨɼ୹࣌ؒͷଌఆͷͨΊʹখ͞ͳ Δtmax ͷઃఆ͕ඞཁͳ৔߹͸ɼFig. 4 ʹࣔͨ͠ํ๏ʹΑΔଌఆਫ਼౓ͷ֬ೝ͕ඞཁͰ͋Δɽ

Fig. 5 ͸ɼҟͳΔૹ෩ྲྀྔ Qair ͷ DDI ଌఆʹΑΔ౻ͷ৿౔ͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢͰ͋Δɽ‫ٵ‬୤ਫͷ৚݅͸ɼFig. 3ɼ੍‫ͨ͠ͱ͠ͳݶ‬ɽ·ͨɼଌఆ࣌ؒ͸ํࣜʹΑΓҟͳΔͨ

Fig. 4 ͱ౳͍͠ɽे෼ʹฏߧͨ͠ਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢͱͯ͠ɼ
Fig. 4 ʹࣔͨ͠ mtrig = 0.01 % h−1 ɼΔtmax ͷ੍‫͠ͳݶ‬ͷ
DVS ͷ݁ՌΛϓϩοτͨ͠ɽDDI ଌఆ͸ɼQair = 500mL min−1 Ͱ͸‫ٵ‬ਫաఔͷ θ Λ΍΍աখධՁͨ͠ɽ͍ͣ
Εͷ Qair ʹ͓͍ͯ΋ɼ୤ਫաఔͰ͸΍΍աେධՁͷ܏޲͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕ͕ͨɼશମతʹ͸ DVS ͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢͱΑ͘Ұகͨ͠ɽDDI ͷଌఆ࣌ؒ͸ɼQair = 500 mL min−1 Ͱ͸ 49 hɼQair = 100 mL min−1 Ͱ͸ 54 h Ͱ͋ΓɼQair =25 mL min−1 Ͱ͸ 408 h ͱେ͖͘૿Ճͨ͠ɽ·ͨɼਤʹ͸͍ࣔͯ͠ͳ͍͕ɼ͞Βʹখ͞ͳ Qair = 10 mL min−1 Ͱ͸ɼh = −1.6 × 105 cm Ҏ্ʹ‫ٵ‬ਫͰ͖ͳ͔ͬͨɽଞͷΊɼԣ࣠ͷ࣌ؒ͸ɼશଌఆ࣌ؒΛ 1 ͱͨ͠૬ର࣌ؒͰࣔ

౔ੑͷଌఆ݁Ռ΋ߟྀ͢Δͱɼ௨ৗͷ౔ੑͷࢼྉʹ͓͚

Fig. 5 ҟͳΔૹ෩ྲྀྔ Qair Λ༻͍ͯ DDI Ͱ‫ٻ‬Ίͨ౻ͷ৿౔ͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢɽ
Water retention curves for Fujinomori silt loam measured with
DDI with different ﬂow rate Qair .

ఔͷ૬ର࣪౓ aw ͱࢼྉͷॏྔมԽ Δm ͷଌఆྫΛࣔ͢ɽॳ‫ظ‬͸ aw = 0.1ɼંΓฦ͠఺͸ aw = 0.95 Ͱ͋ΔɽDVSͷઃఆ৚݅͸ɼΔastep = 0.1ɼmtrig = 0.01 % h−1 ɼntrig =3 ճɼDDI ͸ɼQair = 100 mL min−1 ɼΔtmax ɼtmax ͸࣌ؒͨ͠ɽDVS Ͱ͸ aw ͱ m ͕֊ஈঢ়ʹมԽ͢Δͷʹର͠ɼΔਫ਼౓ͷߴ͍ DDI ଌఆʹ͸ɼQair = 100 mL min−1 ఔ౓

DDI ͷ aw ͱ m ͸࿈ଓతʹมԽ͢ΔɽDVS ͷ֤ஈ֊ʹ͓͍ͯɼaw ͱ m ͷมԽ͕े෼ʹখ͘͞ͳͬͨͱ͖ɼۭ

͕࣮༻తͱ‫͑ݴ‬Δɽ‫ؾ‬ͷ࣪౓ͱࢼྉͷਫ෼ྔ͕ฏߧʹୡͨ͠ͱΈͳ͢͜ͱ͕
Ͱ͖Δɽͦ͜ͰɼDDI ଌఆͷଥ౰ੑΛɼे෼ʹฏߧͯ͠

3.3 ౔ͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢͱώεςϦγε
౻ͷ৿౔ʹରͯ͠͸ɼQair = 100 mL min−1 ͷ DDI ʹΑΓҟͳΔંΓฦ͠఺ͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢ΋ଌఆͨ͠ɽFig.
6ʢaʣ͸ɼaw = 0.1 ͔Βͷ‫ٵ‬ਫ‫ޙ‬ɼҟͳΔંΓฦ͠఺
Fig. 4 ͸ɼmtrig ͱ Δtmax ͷҟͳΔ DVS ଌఆʹΑΔ౻ ʢaw = 0.95ɼ0.9ɼ0.8ɼ0.6ʣ͔Β aw = 0.1 ΁ͷ୤ਫաఔɼ
Fig. 6ʢbʣ͸ aw = 0.95 ͔Βͷ୤ਫ‫ޙ‬ɼҟͳΔંΓฦ͠ͷ৿౔ͷ‫ٵ‬ਫ‫ޙ‬୤ਫաఔͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢͰ͋Δɽ‫ٵ‬୤ਫ
6
৚݅͸ Fig. 3 ͱ౳͘͠ɼaw = 0.1 ͸ h = −3.2 × 10 cmɼ ఺ʢaw = 0.8ɼ0.6ɼ0.3ɼ0.1ʣ͔Β aw = 0.95 ΁ͷ‫ٵ‬ਫ͍Δ DVS ଌఆͱͷൺֱ͔Β‫ݕ‬౼ͨ͠ɽ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτɿਫ෼‫ٵ‬୤ணଌఆ૷ஔʠAquaLab VSAʡΛ༻͍ͨ௿ਫ෼ྖҬͷ౔ͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢͷଌఆ

47

Fig. 6 DDI Ͱ‫ٻ‬Ίͨʢaʣ‫ٵ‬ਫ‫ޙ‬୤ਫաఔͱʢbʣ୤ਫ‫ٵޙ‬ਫաఔͷ౻ͷ৿౔ͷ૸ࠪ‫ۂ‬ઢɽ
Scanning curves for Fujinomori silt loam measured with DDI for (a) wetting and subsequent drying,and (b) drying and subsequent wetting.

աఔͰ͋Δɽaw Λ 0.1 ͔Β 0.95 ʹ্ঢ‫ ʹޙ‬0.1 ΁࠶Լ߱ͨ͠‫ٵ‬ਫ‫ޙ‬୤ਫաఔͱɼaw Λ 0.95 ͔Β 0.1 ʹԼ߱‫ޙ‬
ʹ 0.95 ΁࠶্ঢͨ͠୤ਫ‫ٵޙ‬ਫաఔͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢ͸Ұக͓ͯ͠ΓɼώεςϦγεଌఆͷ࠶‫ݱ‬ੑ͸ߴ͍ɽ·ͨɼ

aw = 0.1 ͸௨ৗͷ෩‫ס‬৚݅ΑΓ‫ס‬૩ঢ়ଶʹ͋ΔɽͦͷͨΊɼaw = 0.1 ͔Βͷ‫ٵ‬ਫ‫ۂ‬ઢ͸ɼ‫ٵ‬ਫͷओ‫ۂ‬ઢͱΈͳͤΔɽҰํɼओ୤ਫ‫ۂ‬ઢ͸๞࿨͔Βͷ୤ਫ‫ۂ‬ઢͰ͋ΔͷͰɼaw = 0.95 ͔Βͷ୤ਫ‫ۂ‬ઢ͸ɼ୤ਫ૸ࠪ‫ۂ‬ઢͰ͋Δɽ
Fig. 6ʢaʣͷ‫ٵ‬ਫ‫ޙ‬୤ਫաఔͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢ͸ɼओ‫ٵ‬ਫ‫ۂ‬ઢΛંΓฦ͠఺·ͰͨͲͬͨ‫ޙ‬ɼaw = 0.95 ͔Βͷ୤ਫ‫ۂ‬ઢʹ઴ۙ͢Δ୤ਫ૸ࠪ‫ۂ‬ઢΛࣔͨ͠ɽͦͯ͠ɼ࠷
ऴతʹ࢝఺ͷ aw = 0.1 ͷ h = −3.2 × 106 cm Ͱดͨ͡ɽ

Fig. 6ʢbʣͷ୤ਫ‫ٵޙ‬ਫաఔʹ͓͍ͯ΋ɼaw = 0.95 ͔Βͷ୤ਫ૸ࠪ‫ۂ‬ઢΛͨͲͬͨ‫ޙ‬ɼંΓฦ͠఺͔Β aw =0.1 ͔Βͷओ‫ٵ‬ਫ‫ۂ‬ઢʹ઴ۙ͢ΔΑ͏ͳ‫ٵ‬ਫ૸ࠪ‫ۂ‬ઢΛࣔ͠ɼ࢝఺ͷ aw = 0.95 ͷ h = −7.2 × 104 cm Ͱดͨ͡ɽ
Ҏ্ͷΑ͏ʹɼDDI ͸ɼ༷ʑͳ‫ٵ‬୤ਫաఔͷ૸ࠪ‫ۂ‬ઢΛߴ͍࠶‫ݱ‬ੑͰଌఆՄೳͰ͋Δɽ

Fig. 7 ʹɼFig. 6 ͱಉ͡ DDI Λ༻͍ͯɼaw = 0.1 ͔Β aw = 0.95 ΁ͷ‫ٵ‬ਫ‫ޙ‬ɼ୤ਫͤͯ͞ଌఆͨ͠౻ͷ৿౔ɼेউࠇϘΫ౔ɼௗऔٰ࠭࠭ͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢΛࣔ͢ɽਤʹ͸ɼFig. 2 ʹࣔͨ͠ WP4 ʹΑΔଌఆ݁Ռ΋ซ‫ͨ͠ه‬ɽௗऔٰ࠭࠭ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼଞͷ౔ʹൺ΂ͯ θ ͕খ͍ͨ͞Ίɼ

Fig. 7ʢbʣʹॎ࣠Λ֦େͨ͠ਤΛࣔͨ͠ɽ͍ͣΕͷࢼྉ΋ɼ‫ٵ‬ਫ‫ޙ‬୤ਫաఔͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢΛ 50 h ఔ౓ͰଌఆͰ
͖ͨɽώεςϦγε͸ɼ౻ͷ৿౔ͱൺ΂ͯ͸খ͍͕͞ɼेউ
ࠇϘΫ౔ɼௗऔٰ࠭࠭ʹ͓͍ͯ΋‫͞࡯؍‬Εͨɽͦͷ࠷େͷࠩ͸ɼेউࠇϘΫ౔Ͱ͸ Δθ = 0.005 m3 m−3 ɼௗऔٰ࠭

࠭Ͱ͸ Δθ = 0.0005 m3 m−3 Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ͜͏ͨ͠௿ਫ෼
ྖҬͷώεςϦγε͸ɼ౔ཻࢠද໘ʹ͓͚Δਫͷ઀৮֯ͷώεςϦγεɼද໘ૈ౓΍ૄਫੑͷޮՌʢIsraelachvili,

2011ʣ͕‫ݪ‬Ҽͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽͦͷͨΊɼ͕࠭େ൒Λ઎Ίͯൺද໘ੵ͕খ͍͞ௗऔٰ࠭࠭Ͱ͸ɼώεςϦγε͸খ

DDI ͱ WP4 Ͱ‫ٻ‬Ίͨʢaʣ3 छྨͷ౔ͷਫͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢͱʢbʣௗऔٰ࠭࠭ͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢͷ֦େਤɽʷ͸ VSAɼ˚ɼ˔ɼ˜͸ WP4 ͷଌఆ஋ɽ
Fig. 7(a) Water retention curves for three different soils measured withDDI(ʷ) and a chilled-mirror dew-point method (˚, ˔, ˜).
(b) Enlargement for the Tottori dune sand.

౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 124 ߸ɹ (2013)48

͍͞ɽ͔͠͠ɼVSA ʹΑΔଌఆਫ਼౓͸ߴ͘ɼ͜͏ͨ͠ඇ

อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢͷଌఆ͸ɼ౔ͷද໘ಛੑ΍ൺද໘ੵͷ‫ݕ‬౼ɼϚৗʹখ͞ͳώεςϦγε΋ଌఆՄೳͰ͋ΔʢFig. 7ʢbʣʣɽτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧมԽʹͱ΋ͳ͏อਫ‫ߏػ‬ͷมԽɼ

DDI ଌఆ͸ɼ͍ͣΕͷ౔΋ WP4 ʹΑΔଌఆͱ΄΅Ұඍࡉͳ౔ཻࢠߏ଄มԽͷϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟϧʹ‫΅ٴ‬கͨ͠ɽͨͩ͠ɼ‫ٵ‬ਫͷओ‫ۂ‬ઢ΍‫ٵ‬୤ਫͷ૸ࠪ‫ۂ‬ઢ͸ɼ͢Ө‫Ͳͳڹ‬ͷղ໌ʹ΋໾ཱͭ͜ͱ͕‫ظ‬଴͞ΕΔɽ

VSA Λ༻͍ͨ࿈ଓଌఆʹΑΓɼΑΓਫ਼౓ͷߴ͍ଌఆ͕ՄೳͱͳΔɽҰํɼVSA ͷ θ ͷઈର஋͸ɼҰ࿈ͷ VSA

Ҿ༻จ‫ݙ‬

ଌఆͱ͸ผʹଌఆ͢Δࢼྉͷॳ‫͋ظ‬Δ͍͸ଌఆऴྃ࣌ͷ‫ؚ‬ਫൺ w Λ‫ج‬४ʹͯ͠‫ٻ‬ΊΔɽଌఆʹ༻͍ͨ 2 g ͷࢼྉBarba, C., Marti, M., Carilla, J., Manich, A.M. and Coderch, L.

ͷ৔߹ɼVSA ͷଌఆൣғͰ‫·ؚ‬ΕΔਫ෼ͷॏྔ͸ 0.2 ∼(2013): Moisture sorption/desorption of protein ﬁbres. Ther-

0.02 g ఔ౓Ͱ͋Δɽ͜Ε͸ɼࢼྉͷηϧ΁ͷग़͠ೖΕ΍

mochimica Acta, 552: 70–76.

࿍‫ס‬ॏྔଌఆͷࡍɼਫৠ‫ؾ‬ͷ‫࣪ٵ‬΍‫ס‬૩ͷӨ‫ڹ‬Λड͚Δ

Barbosa-Cánovas, G.B., Fontana, A.J., Schmidt, S.J. and Labuza,ྔͰ͋ΔɽͦͷͨΊɼVSA ʹ͓͚Δ௿ਫ෼ྖҬͷ θ ͷ

T.P. (2007): Water activity in foods. Blackwell Publishing Pro-ߴ͍ਫ਼౓ͷਪఆʹ͸ɼ‫ج‬४ͱ͢Δ w ͷଌఆʹ஫ҙ͕ඞཁͰ͋Δɽैདྷ͔Βɼதఔ౓ͷ h ྖҬʹ͸Ճѹ൘͕༻͍ΒΕ͖͕ͯͨɼಛʹ h < −1.5 × 104 cm ͷࢼྉͷฏߧ͕࣌ؒ‫ۃ‬Ίͯ௕͘ɼଌఆͷਫ਼౓΍࠶‫ݱ‬ੑɼॴ༻࣌ؒʹ໰୊͕ࢦఠ͞Ε͍ͯΔʢCampbell and Gee, 1986; Madsen et al.,

1986; Cresswell et al., 2008ʣɽͦͷͨΊɼՃѹ൘ͷଌఆ͸
h > −103 cm ͷྖҬʹ‫ݶ‬ఆ͢Δํ͕๬·͍͠ɽh > −103cm ͸‫ٵ‬Ҿ๏ͳͲͷํ๏ͱՃѹ൘๏ͷ૊Έ߹Θͤɼ·ͨh < −7.2 × 104 cm ͸ VSA ʹΑΓ࿈ଓతʹଌఆ͢Ε͹ɼ౔৕༹ӷͷೱ౓͕௿͍౔Ͱ͸ɼࢼྉͷཤྺ͕໌֬ͳਫ෼
อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢΛɼਝ଎ʹɼ޿͍ྖҬͰଌఆՄೳͰ͋Δɽ͞Βʹɼ−5 × 104 < h < −5000 cm ͷཤྺͷ໌Β͔ͳࢼྉʹ

WP4 Λ༻͍Ε͹ɼVSA ͱՃѹ൘๏ͷଌఆΛิ‫͖Ͱ׬‬Δɽ

fessional, Ames, IO.
Campbell, C.S., Cobos, D.R., Riveras, L.D., Dunne K.M. andCampbell, G.S. (2012): Constructing fast, accurate soil water characteristic curves by combining the Wind/Schindler andvapor pressure techniques, Unsaturated Soils: Research andApplications. pp.55-62, Springer, New York, NY.
Campbell, G.S. and Gee, G.W. (1986): Water potential: Miscellaneous methods. In: A. Klute, editor, Methods of soil analysis.
Part 1. 2nd ed. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. pp. 619–
632, ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
Cresswell, H.P., Green, T.W. and McKenzie, N.J. (2008): The adequacy of pressure plate apparatus for determining soil water
retention. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 72: 41–49.
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4. ͓ΘΓʹ

Jury, W. and Horton, R. (2004): Soil Physics, 6th ed., John Wiley,ۙ ೥ ։ ൃ ͞ Ε ͨ ࣗ ಈ ਫ ෼ ‫ ٵ‬୤ ண ଌ ఆ ૷ ஔ AquaLab

Oliver, L. and Meinders, M.B.J. (2011): Dynamic water vapor

VSA ʹ͍ͭͯɼγϧτϩʔϜͷ౻ͷ৿౔ɼेউࠇϘΫ౔ɼௗऔٰ࠭࠭ͷ 3 छྨͷ౔Λର৅ʹɼ௿ਫ෼ྖҬͷ

sorption in gluten and starch ﬁlms. J. Cereal Sci., 54: 409–

ਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢͷଌఆਫ਼౓ͱઃఆύϥϝʔλͷಛੑΛௐ΂

Kirkham, M.B. (2005): Principles of soil and plant water rela-ͨɽैདྷ๏ͷ DVS Ͱ͸ mtrig = 0.01 % h−1 ɼ৽ͨʹ࠾༻

Hoboken, NJ.

416.
tions. Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington, MA.

͞ΕͨฏߧͱΈͳ͢ਫϙςϯγϟϧΛ࿈ଓଌఆ͢Δ DDI

Madsen, H.B., Jensen, C.R. and Boysen T. (1986): A compari-Ͱ͸ Qair = 100 mL min−1 ఔ౓ͷઃఆ͕ଥ౰Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ

son of the thermocouple psychrometer and the pressure plate

VSA ͷଌఆʹ͸ɼ‫ס‬૩ີ౓ ρb ͷҧ͍͸ฏߧ‫ؚ‬ਫൺ w ʹӨ‫ڹ‬Λ‫ٴ‬͹͞ͳ͍͕ɼ௿͍ ρb ͷࢼྉͷํ͕ଌఆ։࢝ͷaw ʹୡ͢Δ·Ͱʹཁ͢Δ͕࣌ؒ୹͘ɼ͜ͷؒͷ aw ͷมmethods for determination of soil water characteristic. J. Soil
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namic dew point isotherm method to the static and dynamic

ͯ w ͷมԽΛଌఆ͠ɼਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢͷ ρb Λ৐ͯ͡ମੵ

gravimetric methods for the generation of moisture sorption‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ θ ʹ‫ͨ͠ࢉ׵‬ɽ

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DDI Ͱ͸ɼॴཁ࣌ؒ 50 h ఔ౓ͰϚτϦοΫϙςϯγϟ

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sorption isotherms obtained using the new dynamic dewpointอ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢΛߴਫ਼౓͔ͭߴղ૾౓ͰଌఆͰ͖Δ͜ͱΛ DVSͱͷൺֱʹΑΓ֬ೝͨ͠ɽ͞ΒʹɼDDI ଌఆʹΑΓɼ‫ٵ‬ਫͷओ‫ۂ‬ઢͱ೚ҙͷॳ‫ظ‬ਫ෼৚݅ʹର͢Δ‫ٵ‬୤ਫͷ૸ࠪ‫ۂ‬ઢΛߴਫ਼౓͔ͭ࠶‫ݱ‬ੑߴ͘ଌఆͰ͖Δ͜ͱΛࣔͨ͠ɽ௿ਫ෼ྖҬʹ͓͚ΔώεςϦγε͸ɼγϧτϩʔϜ΍ࠇϘΫ౔ͷΈͳΒͣɼൺද໘ੵ͕খ͘͞ද໘อਫྔ͕૬ର
తʹখٰ͍࠭࠭͞ʹ͓͍ͯ΋ଘࡏ͢Δ͜ͱΛ໌Β͔ʹͨ͠ɽ

DDI Λ༻͍ͨ VSA ʹΑΔ௿ਫ෼ྖҬͷ࿈ଓతͳਫ෼

isotherm method to the standard saturated salt slurry method.
Food Chemistry, 15: 236–248.
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Trans. Int. Congr. Soil Sci. 3rd. Oxford, UK.
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humidity control at 25 ◦ C. Ind. Eng. Chem., 41: 2013
van Genuchten, M.Th. (1980): A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil
Sci. Soc. Am. J. 44: 892–898.

‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτɿਫ෼‫ٵ‬୤ணଌఆ૷ஔʠAquaLab VSAʡΛ༻͍ͨ௿ਫ෼ྖҬͷ౔ͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢͷଌఆ

49

Watanabe, K., Takeuchi, M., Osada, M. and Ibata, K. (2012):

Yuan, X., Carter, B.P. and Schmidt, S.J. (2011): Determining theMicro-chilled-mirror hygrometer for measuring water poten-

Critical Relative Humidity at which the glassy to rubbery tran-

tial in relatively dry and partially frozen soils. Soil Sci. Soc.

sition occurs in polydextrose using an automatic water vapor

Am. J. 76: 1938–1945.

sorption instrument. J. Food Science, 76: E78–E89.

ཁࢫਫ෼‫ٵ‬୤ணଌఆ૷ஔ AquaLab VSA ͸ɼૹ෩ۭ‫ؾ‬ͷ࣪౓੍‫ڸͱޚ‬໘ྫྷ٫࿐఺ηϯαʔʹΑΓɼ࿈ଓతʹ‫ٵ‬ਫɼ͋Δ͍͸୤ਫաఔͷਫϙςϯγϟϧͱࢼྉͷॏྔΛࣗಈଌఆ͢Δɽຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼγϧτϩʔϜͷ౻ͷ৿౔ɼेউࠇϘΫ౔ɼௗऔٰ࠭࠭ͷ 3 छྨͷ౔Λର৅ʹɼVSA Λ༻͍ͯ −7.2 × 104 cm ͔Β−3.2 × 106 cm ͷ‫ס‬૩ྖҬͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢΛଌఆ͠ɼͦͷଌఆਫ਼౓΍ઃఆύϥϝʔλͷಛੑΛௐ΂ͨɽ
0.01 % h−1 ҎԼͷ‫ج‬४஋ mtrig Λ༻͍ͨ DVS ํࣜͰ͸ɼ౔தਫͷϙςϯγϟϧͱۭ‫౓࣪ؾ‬ͷे෼ͳฏߧ
͕֬ೝ͞Εͨɽ·ͨɼ௿ਫ෼ྖҬͰ͸ද໘อਫ͕୎ӽ͢ΔͨΊɼฏߧͨ͠ॏྔ‫ؚ‬ਫൺ͸ɼ౔ͷ‫ס‬૩ີ౓ʹΑΒͣҰఆͰ͋ͬͨɽ৽ͨʹ։ൃ͞Εͨ DDI ํࣜͷଥ౰ੑΛɼDVS ํࣜͱͷൺֱʹΑΓ֬ೝͨ͠ɽ

DDI ํࣜͰ͸ɼૹ෩ۭ‫ؾ‬ͷྲྀྔ Qair Λ 100 mL min−1 ʹઃఆ͢Δ͜ͱͰɼ࿈ଓతͳਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢΛ 50
h ఔ౓Ͱਫ਼౓ྑ͘ଌఆͰ͖ͨɽDDI ํࣜΛ༻͍Δͱɼ‫ס‬૩ྖҬͷਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢͷώεςϦγε΍૸ࠪ‫ۂ‬ઢΛ࠶‫ݱ‬ੑྑ͘ଌఆͰ͖Δ͜ͱ͕֬ೝ͞ΕͨɽΩʔϫʔυɿਫ෼อ࣋‫ۂ‬ઢɼਫϙςϯγϟϧɼ‫ڸ‬໘ྫྷ٫ࣜ࿐఺‫ܭ‬ɼDDI ํࣜɼώεςϦγε

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

No. 124, p.51 ∼ 53 (2013)2 ͭ໨ͷത࢜߸Λऔಘͯ͠ಙຊՈ߁ 1

ʠWelcome to Texas.ʡ γϣϕϧ͕શ͘໾ʹཱͨͳ͍ͷͰ͋ͬͨɽ͔͠͠‫ڀݚ‬ะ৔͸ɼද౔ͷ 20 cm ͸ੴ͜Ζαόϯφͷੴ᛽౔৕࠾औͷચྱΛड͚ΔࢲʹɼςΩα͕ൺֱతগͳ͍͕ɼԼ૚͸ੴ᛽౔৕Ͱ‫ܗ‬੒͞ΕΔͨΊɼ

ε A&M େֶͰͷࢦಋ‫ڭ‬तͰ͋ͬͨ Dr. J.L. Heilman ͕౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔͷઃஔ͸͓Ζ͔ɼ౔৕࠾औ͑͞΋ࠔ೉ੴ᛽தͷ౔৕ਫ෼Ҡಈ‫؍‬ଌͷ೉͠͞Λ҉ࣔͤͨ͞ɽ͜ΕΛ‫ۃ‬Ίͨɽͨͱ͑ੴ᛽ΛऔΓআ͍ͯ౔৕ਫ෼ηϯαʔΛ͕ɼ‫ؠ‬खେֶ࿈߹େֶӃ͔Βത࢜߸औಘ‫ޙ‬ɼ͞Βʹ౔৕ຒઃͯ͠΋ɼੴ᛽‫ྔؚ‬ΛߟྀͰ͖ͳ͍౔৕ਫ෼ͷ‫؍‬ଌͰ෺ཧֶͷ஌ࣝΛਂΊΔ΂͘ɼ2 ͭ໨ͷത࢜߸औಘͷͨΊ͸க໋తͳ‫͕ࠩޡ‬ੜ͡Δͱߟ͑ΒΕͨɽะ৔ͷ౔৕ਫ෼ʹ౉ถͨ͠ࢲͷॳΊͯͷ໺֎ௐࠪͩͬͨɽ‫ڀݚ‬ର৅͸ɼ‫؍‬ଌʹ͓͍ͯɼ·ͬͨ͘૝ఆ֎ͷʠͲ͏΍ͬͯ౔৕ਫ෼

ςΩαεभͷೆ੢෦͔Βதԝʹ͔͚ͯ޿͕Δ৵ೖྛʢϚྔΛଌఆ͢Δͷ͔ʁʡͱ͍͏ࠜຊతͳ໰୊ղܾʹऔΓ૊΢ϯςϯγμʔͳͲʣͷ‫ٵ‬ਫྔͷఆྔԽͰ͋Γɼͦͷ೉Ή͜ͱ͔Β‫ͨͬ·͕࢝ڀݚ‬ͷͰ͋Δɽ

ղͳ໰୊ͱରቂ͢ΔͨΊʹɼେֶӃͰ͸౔৕෺ཧֶͷ࿮ࢲୡ͕ண໨ͨ͠ͷ͸ɼ1970 ೥୅ͷะ৔‫ʹڀݚ‬͸޿͘Λ௒͑ͨ‫ڥ‬քྖҬֶ໰ʢ২෺ੜཧֶɼ‫౔ڥ؀‬৕෺ཧֶͳ

༻͍ΒΕ͍ͯͨதੑࢠਫ෼‫ͨͬ͋Ͱܭ‬ɽ౔தʹਫ෼ଌఆͲʣʹ͍ͭͯ஌ࣝΛਂΊΔඞཁ͕͋ͬͨɽ͜͜Ͱ͸ɼͦ෦ҐΛઃஔ͢ΔͨΊͷΞϧϛ੡தۭ؅Λຒઃ͢Δ͜ͱ

ͷաఔͰࢲ͕‫֎಺ࠃͨ͡ײ‬ͷେֶӃ‫ڭ‬ҭʹ͓͚Δ‫ڀݚ‬ମͰɼੴ᛽౔தͷਫ෼ϓϩϑΝΠϧͷଌఆΛՄೳͱͨ͠ɽ

੍ͷҧ͍΍౔৕෺ཧֶͷॏཁੑʹ͍ͭͯड़΂͍ͨɽ΋ͪதۭ؅ΑΓ΋ए‫ׯ‬େ͖ͳ࡟‫ؠ‬υϦϧΛඞཁͱ͢Δ࡟౔Ͱ

ΖΜɼ͢Ͱʹւ֎ͰֶҐΛऔಘ͞Εͯࠃ಺֎Ͱ͝‫׆‬༂͞͸ɼதۭ؅ͱ౔৕ʹੜ͡ΔؒܺΛհͨ͠ਁ५Λճආ͢Δ

Ε͍ͯΔઌഐॾࢯ΋͍Βͬ͠ΌΔ͕ɼࢲ‫ݸ‬ਓͷ 2 ౓ʹ౉ͨΊʹɼ๲ுੑϙϦ΢Ϩλϯ๐ʹΑΔؒܺີ෧๏ΛߟҊ

ΔେֶӃͷ‫ڀݚ‬ੜ‫͋Ͱ͑ߟͮ͘جʹ׆‬Δ͜ͱΛྃ͝ঝ௖ͨ͠ʢTokumoto et al., 2011ʣɽ͞Βʹɼੴ᛽தͷਫ෼ྔ͖͍ͨɽͷଌఆʹ͸ੴ᛽‫͕ྔؚ‬Ө‫͢ڹ‬ΔͷͰɼΨϯϚઢ๏΋ซ༻ΞϝϦΧͷେֶӃͷ‫ڀݚ‬͸ɼେ‫ن‬໛ͳ‫ڀݚ‬ϓϩδΣΫ

͢Δ͜ͱͰਫ਼౓ߴ͍ଌఆख๏ΛఏҊͨ͠ʢTokumoto etτʹ͓͍ͯӡӦ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ͕ଟ͘ɼͦͷࡿԼʹେֶӃੜ

al., 2012ʣɽߍਖ਼ࣜͷਪఆͰۤ࿑ͨ͠ͷ͸ɼ࠾౔͕ࠔ೉ͳ

͕‫ޏ‬ΘΕͯ‫͞ࢪ࣮͕ڀݚ‬ΕΔͷͰɼ࠾୒͞Εͨ‫ۚࢿڀݚ‬ੴ᛽౔৕Ͱ͸ะ৔ʹ͓͚Δߍਖ਼ࣜਪఆ๏ͷద༻͸ࠔ೉Ͱ͕‫ࣨڀݚ‬ͷֶੜ਺ʹ൓ө͞ΕΔɽͭ·Γɼ೔ຊͰ‫ݟ‬ΒΕ͋ΔͨΊɼυϥϜ؈ʹੴ᛽౔৕Λॆర͢Δ͜ͱͰ౔৕ਫ

Δߨ࠲੍ͱ͸ҟͳΓɼ‫͕ࣨڀݚ‬Ұਓͷ‫ڭ‬һʹΑͬͯಠཱ෼ྔͱੴ᛽‫ྔؚ‬Λௐ੔ͯ͠ɼதੑࢠਫ෼‫ܭ‬๏ͱΨϯϚઢͨ͠ӡӦମ੍Λͱ͓ͬͯΓɼ५୔ͳ‫ۚࢿڀݚ‬Λ༗͢Δ‫ݚ‬๏ͷߍਖ਼ࣜΛ‫ٻ‬Ίͨ͜ͱͰ͋Δɽ౔৕෺ཧͳΒͰ͸ͷ౔‫ʹࣨڀ‬ਓతࢿ‫·ू͕ݯ‬ΔߏਤͱͳΔɽ͜ͷΑ͏ͳ‫ڀݚ‬ମ٧Ίٕज़Ͱ 200 L ʹ૬౰͢ΔࢼྉͷࢁΛରॲ͠ɼࠜ‫ؾ‬Α੍ͷҡ࣋ʹ͸ɼ౔৕෺ཧɼ౔৕Խֶɼ২෺ੜཧֶͳͲͷ͘Կ౓΋ߍਖ਼࣮‫ݧ‬Λߦͬͨɽ࣋࿦Λड़΂ΔͳΒ͹ɼ౔৕ҟͳΔ෼໺ʹ͓͚Δ‫ڭ‬һಉ࢜ͷ‫͕ܨ‬ΓʹΑֶͬͯੜͷྲྀ෺ཧֶ࣮‫ݧ‬͸४උஈ֊ʹ͓͍ͯग़དྷߴͷ 8 ׂ͕ܾఆ͚ͮ

ಈԽͷଅਐ΍৘ใަ‫ߦ͕׵‬ΘΕɼҟͳΔ‫͠͏Ͳࣨڀݚ‬ͷΒΕɼ࢒Γͷ 2 ׂ͸࣮‫ݧ‬਱ߦதͷࡉ΍͔ͳ‫؍‬ଌ΍ൃ‫ʹݟ‬‫͍ͳ͔͕ͤܽྗڠڀݚ‬Α͏Ͱ͋ΔɽͦΕʹ΋ؔΘΒͣɼΑͬͯ‫ྃ͢׬‬Δͱ‫͡ײ‬ΔɽͳͥͳΒ͹ɼ౔৕෺ཧֶ͕ର

ࢲ͕ॴଐͨ͠ඍ‫ؾ‬৅ֶͱ౔৕෺ཧֶΛѻ͏‫ʹࣨڀݚ‬͸୭৅ͱ͢Δ౔தͷෆ‫ۉ‬Ұͳ෺࣭Ҡಈʹ͓͍ͯɼ౔৕෺ཧֶ

Ұਓͱֶͯ͠ੜ͕๚Ͷͯ͘Δ͜ͱ͸ແ͔ͬͨɽ‫ݪ‬Ҽ͸ɼతख๏͕‫׬‬ᘳʹཱ֬͞Εͨ΋ͷ͸ͳ͍ɽͦͷͨΊɼଌఆ೶ֶ෦ʹ͓͍ͯภඍ෼ํఔࣜΛଟ༻͢Δֶ໰ͷਓ‫ؾ‬௿Լ‫ࠩޡ‬ΛͰ͖Δ‫ݶ‬Γܰ‫ͤ͞ݮ‬ΔͨΊͷࢼߦࡨ‫ޡ‬΍࣮‫ܭݧ‬ըʹ͋ΔΒ͍͠ɽͦͷͨΊɼࡏ੶‫ؒظ‬தͷ࣮‫Ͱݧ‬͸‫܉ݽ‬ฃ͕ෆՄ͔ܽͩΒͰ͋Δɽ͜ͷΑ͏ͳߟ͑ʹࢸͬͨͷ΋ɼಆ͠ͳ͕Βࣗ෼ͷಛ৭Λ‫͔ͤ׆ʹڀݚ‬ΔΑ͏ʹ౒ΊɼDr.

ͨͱ͑͹େ‫ن‬໛ͳ‫ڀݚ‬ϓϩδΣΫτʹࢀըͨ͠৔߹ɼΞ

Heilman ʹΑΔϚϯπʔϚϯͷࢦಋͷԼͰ‫ڀݚ‬੒ՌΛ࿦Πιτʔϓɼ౔৕Խֶɼඍ‫ؾ‬৅ֶͳͲͰ༻͍ΒΕΔߴՁ

จͱ࣮ͯ݁ͤ͠͞Δ͜ͱʹਚྗͨ͠ɽ

ͳ‫ثػ‬෼ੳ૷ஔ͕ओྲྀͷ෼໺ͱ૑࡞తͳଌఆ͕ओྲྀͷ౔େֶӃͰͷ‫ڀݚ‬͸ɼਫऩࢧʹΑΔ৵ೖྛͷࠜͷ‫ٵ‬ਫྔ৕෺ཧֶͷҧ͍Λ‫ͨͨ͡ײ͘ڧ‬ΊͰ͋Δɽͷ೺Ѳɼ͢ͳΘͪɼৠൃࢄྔɼ߱ਫྔɼ౔৕ஷਫྔɼ஍

ਪఆͨ͠ߍਖ਼ࣜΛ༻͍ͯɼ3 ࣍‫͚͓ʹݩ‬Δੴ᛽தͷਫத΁ͷԼํਁಁྔͷ‫؍‬ଌʹΑͬͯɼʮ͍ͭʯɼʮͲ͔͜Βʯ
ɼ෼ྔ΍ੴ᛽‫ྔؚ‬ͷۭؒมಈΛ໌Β͔ʹ͢Δ͜ͱͰɼ৵ೖ

ʮͲͷఔ౓ʯͷࠜͷ‫ٵ‬ਫ͕ੜ͍ͯ͡Δͷ͔໌Β͔ʹ͢Δ΋ྛͷ‫ٵ‬ਫྔ͸ओʹ౔৕ද૚͔Βੜ͍ͯ͡Δ͜ͱ͕෼͔ͬ

1 ௗऔେֶɹ‫ס‬૩஍‫ڀݚ‬ηϯλʔ

2013 ೥ 5 ݄ 28 ೔डߘɹ 2013 ೥ 6 ݄ 14 ೔डཧͨɽ͜ͷ݁Ռ͸ࢲͷԾઆʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬΋ͷͰ͋ΓɼςΩαε੓෎ͷํ਑ͱ͢Δʮ৵ೖྛെ࠾ʹΑΔ஍Լਫᔻཆͷҡ࣋ʯ52౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 124 ߸ɹ (2013)ͱ͸૬൓͢Δ஌‫ͨͬͳͱݟ‬ʢTokumoto, 2013ʣɽ͔͠͠ɼ

ࢼ‫ʹݧ‬Αͬͯߨ͕ٛߏ੒͞ΕΔɽେֶӃͷߨٛ͸ɼ஌ࣝͦͷՊֶతࠜ‫ڌ‬Λཱূ͢Δʹ͸ɼଞͷαόϯφͷৠൃࢄͷೖྗΛத৺ͱֶͨ͠෦ੜର৅ͷߨٛͱ͸ҟͳΓɼೖྗྔ΍৵ೖྛͷࠜͷ෼෍ͳͲͱซͤͯٞ࿦͢Δඞཁ͕͋ͬ

͔Βग़ྗ΁ͷస‫׵‬Λཁ‫͞ٻ‬ΕɼͦΕͧΕͷߨٛΛ௨ͯͨ͡ɽ৹ࠪҕһͷઌੜΛ͸͡Ίɼଞେֶͷ‫ڞ‬ಉ‫ͱऀڀݚ‬ଌ࿦จ͕ॻ͚Δ΄Ͳ಺༰͕ೱ͍ɽ͜Ε͸ɼ๯಄Ͱ΋ड़΂ͨఆਫ਼౓ͷ‫ূݕ‬΍࣮‫ݧ‬σʔλͷ௥ՃΛߦ͍ɼ౤ߘ࿦จͱ͠

Α͏ʹ೔ຊͱΞϝϦΧͷ‫ڀݚ‬ମ੍ͷҧ͍ʹ‫ى‬Ҽ͢Δͷ͔ͯͷऔΓ·ͱΊʹ͸ 4 ೥ͷࡀ݄Λཁͨ͠ɽएख‫ऀڀݚ‬ͷ΋͠Εͳ͍ɽେ‫ن‬໛ͳ‫͍͓ͯʹۀࣄڀݚ‬ɼ‫ऀڀݚ‬Λʠ‫ݸ‬ʡब৬ʹ෼໺Λ໰Θͣଟ͘ͷ࿦จ਺͕‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕΔࡢࠓʹ͓ͱͯ͠ଚॏ͢ΔΑ͏ͳ‫ڭ‬ҭϓϩάϥϜͰ͸ɼ‫ڝ‬૪తࢿ͍ۚͯɼେ͖ͳ௧खͰ͋Δɽ֫ಘʹ‫ڥ‬քྖҬ‫ڀݚ‬෼໺ͷ༥߹ΛਤΕΔਓࡐ͕‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕͦͷؒʹ͸ɼ‫ڀݚ‬һͱͯ͠‫ޏ‬ΘΕ͍ͯͨ৵ೖྛͷ‫ٵ‬ਫྔධՁࣄ‫͕ۀ‬ऴΘΓΛࠂ͛ͨɽେֶӃͷੜ‫Ͱ׆‬͸ɼߴ͍ΔͨΊɼ‫ڀݚ‬਱ߦೳྗ޲্Λଅਐ͢Δମ‫ܥ‬తͳֶश‫ܭ‬ը͕‫ऀڀݚ‬ҭ੒ʹޮ཰త͔ͩΒͰ͋Δɽ

ֶඅʢ೥ؒ 210 ສԁఔ౓ʣΛ޻໘Ͱ͖ͳ͚Ε͹؆୯ʹऴࠓͰ͸স͍࿩ʹͳΔ͕ɼͭͨͳ͍ӳ‫͔͠ޠ‬࿩ͤͳ͍ࢲ

ࢭූ͕ଧͨΕΔͨΊɼ‫ࡁܦ‬తͳӨ‫ڹ‬͸ࢮ‫׆‬໰୊ʹ஋͢Δɽ

͸ʮ͋Δत‫ۀ‬ͷ॓୊ͰΘ͔ͣҰ೔ͷ͏ͪʹ 100 ϖʔδ΋࣮ࡍʹɼಉ‫ظ‬ͷ༑ਓ͸ಉ͡Α͏ͳ‫ڥ‬۰ʹஔ͔ΕͯେֶΛຊΛಡ·ͳ͚Ε͹͍͚ͳ͍ʯͱจ‫ܥ‬ͷ༑ਓʹ΋Βͨ͜͠ҠͬͨɽযΓ͸ืΔҰํͰ͕͋ͬͨɼࢲࣗ਎ɼੜདྷͷ‫ؾ‬ͱ͕͋ͬͨɽͦΕʹରͯ͠༑ਓ͸ɼ
ʮ100 ϖʔδͳΒ͹େ࣭͔Β୯ʹམͪࠐΉ͜ͱ͸ͳ͔ͬͨɽ͙͢͞·ɼಠࣗʹৎ෉ͩΑͶɽࢲ͸ 300 ϖʔδಡ·ͳ͚Ε͹͍͚ͳ͍ɽ
ʯͱ‫ڀݚ‬අΛ֫ಘ͢Δ͜ͱΛ໨ࢦͨ͠ɽςΩαεͷਫ॥‫ʹ؀‬͍ͬͨɽ‫ڀݚ‬һͱͯ͠‫ޏ‬ΘΕΔ਎Ͱ͸ɼ੒੷͸΄΅ 90 ఺ؔ͢Δ‫ڀݚ‬ͷԠืͰ͸݁Ռతʹམબ͕ͨ͠ɼͦΕʹೲಘҎ্Λ‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕΔͨΊʹॏѹͱ੹೚Λ‫͡ײ‬ΔͷͰɼେֶ͕ߦ͔ͣʹ໰͍߹ΘͤΔ Dr. Heilman Λ‫ʹ࣌ͨݟ‬͸ɼਤӃੜ͸ঘͷࣄɼษ‫ʹڧ‬਎͕ೖΔɽ஌Γ߹͍ͷ‫ʹऀڀݚ‬͸ɼଠ͘‫ڀݚ‬ੜ‫׆‬ΛૹΔ࢟ʹ༐‫͚ͮؾ‬ΒΕͨɽ࠾୒͞Εͨ‫ݚ‬େֶӃੜͷੜ‫׆‬Λද͢‫ݴ‬༿ʹʠBarely life, barely wifeʡ‫ऀڀ‬ͷ࿩ʹΑΔͱɼࢲͷ‫ܭڀݚ‬ըͰ͸ɼDr. Heilman ͷ͕͋Δͱ‫ݴ‬ΘΕͨɽ͜Ε͸ɼେֶӃੜ͕ʠਏ͏ͯ͡ੜ‫׆‬‫ܭ‬Β͍Αͬͯɼ͢΂ͯͷ‫ڀݚ‬༧ࢉ͕ࢲͷਓ݅අʹॆͯΒΛૹΓɼͲ͏ʹ͔࠺Λཆ͑Δʡͱ͍ͬͨɼ͍ΘΏΔֶۤΕͨͨΊͱͷ͜ͱͩͬͨɽDr. Heilman ͷਮͳ‫ܭ‬Β͍͕ੜΛࢦ͢‫ݴ‬༿ͱ͍͑Δɽ๣͔ΒେֶӃੜΛ‫ݟ‬Ε͹ɼ΋͠ཪ໨ʹग़ͨΑ͏Ͱ͕͋ͬͨɼ࣍ճ͸൴ͷ‫ظ‬଴ʹԠ͑Α͏͘͸࠺ͷཱ৔͔Β͸ɼେֶӃੜ͸ͦͷΑ͏ʹөΔͷ͔΋ͱࢥ͍͕ืΔ͹͔ΓͰ͋ͬͨɽ

͠Εͳ͍ɽࣺͯΔਆ͋Ε͹र͏ਆ͋ΓɽόΠΦΤωϧΪʔʹؔ͢ҰํͰɼ೔ຊͷେֶӃɼͱ͘ʹ஍ํେֶͷେֶӃͰ

Δ೶‫౔ۀ‬৕༝དྷͷԹࣨޮՌΨεʢGHGsʣൃੜྔͷ཈੍͸ɼߨٛΛड͚ΔΑ͏ͳ‫ػ‬ձ͸΄΅ແ͍ʹ౳͍͠ɽͦͷࣄ‫קʹۀ‬༠͞ΕͨͷͰɼਫ෼ҠಈΛ‫؍‬ଌ͢ΔͨΊͷ‫ڀݚ‬ͨΊɼେֶӃͷ࣌ؒͷେ൒͸‫ׂ͔ʹڀݚ‬ΕΔɽେֶӃੜһͱͯ͠ಇ͘͜ͱʹͳͬͨɽത࢜՝ఔͷ‫ͱڀݚ‬ಉ࣌ਐߦֶ͕෦ੜͷࢦಋʹ͋ͨΓɼ‫ࣨڀݚ‬ͷ࣮‫ٕݧ‬ज़౳຺͕ʑͱ

ʹ GHGs ࣄ‫ۀ‬΋਱ߦ͞ΕΔͨΊɼ2 ଍ͷ૲᯷Λཤ͘͜ड͚‫͕ܧ‬ΕΔ͜ͱͰ‫ࣨڀݚ‬ͷӡӦମ੍͕੔͏ɽେֶӃੜͱΛҙຯͨ͠ɽ͔͠͠ɼࢲͷ‫ڀݚ‬ͷ෯͸͞Βʹ޿͕ͬͨ͸ɼ͍Θ͹ɼ‫ࣨڀݚ‬ͷཱ໾ऀͱͯ͠‫ڭ‬ҭతͳଆ໘͕ഓΘͱࢥ͏ɽਖ਼֬ʹ͸ɼࢲͷ‫ݱ‬৔ʹ͓͚Δ໰୊ରॲೳྗ͕ΑΕΔͷ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɽΓߴ·ͬͨͱ‫͕͏΄͏ݴ‬ద੾͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɽ౔৕Պֶʹ͜ΕΒΛ౿·ֶ͑ͯੜͷࢹ఺Ͱ೔ຊͷେֶӃ‫ڭ‬ҭΛߟؔ͢Δ໰୊Λѻ͏্ͰɼGHGs ࣄ‫ۀ‬͸·͞ʹɼ౔৕෺ཧ

͑Δͱɼत‫ۀ‬ͷ಺༰ʹ͸೔ຊͱΞϝϦΧͰਵ෼ͱ։͖͕

ֶऀͷߩ‫ظ͕ݙ‬଴͞ΕΔԠ༻෼໺ͷҰͭͰ͋Ζ͏ɽͨͩ͋ΔɽͦͷཁҼʹ͸ɼΞϝϦΧͷେֶͰ͸ࢦಋ‫ڭ‬һͷ‫ڭ‬͠ɼࢲͷ‫ݸ‬ਓతͳߟ͑Ͱ͸ɼ౔৕෺ཧֶతͳࣨ಺࣮‫͔ݧ‬ҭͱ‫ڀݚ‬ͷൺ཰͕໌֬ʹఆΊΒΕ͓ͯΓɼ೔ຊΑΓ΋‫ڭ‬Β໺֎࣮‫΁ݧ‬ͷҠߦ͕‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕ͍ͯΔͱ͍͏ΑΓ΋ɼΉҭʹޮ཰తʹ࣌ؒΛׂ͚ɼ‫ʹڀݚ‬΋औ૊Έқ੍͍౓͕͋

͠Ζ‫ݱ‬৔໰୊ʹରॲͰ͖Δ៛ີͳࣨ಺࣮‫ݧ‬΍‫ʹݧ࣮ૅج‬ΔͨΊͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ‫ʹٯ‬ɼ೔ຊͷࠓͷ‫ڭ‬ҭମ੍ʹΞϝՁ஋͕ஔ͔ΕΔ΂͖Ͱ͋ΔɽͦΕ͸ɼ࣮‫ݧ‬԰Ͱ͋Δ౔৕ϦΧͷ‫ڝ‬૪త‫ڭڀݚ‬ҭΛ࣋ͪࠐΊ͹ɼઌੜํͷ๩͠͞ʹ෺ཧֶऀ͸ɼ໺֎ʹ͓͚Δ౔৕ਫ෼ྔ‫؍‬ଌʹՃ͑ͯɼࣨ

ྠΛ͔͚Δ͜ͱͰ‫ڀݚ‬ͷ࣭͕௿Լ͢ΔΑ͏ʹࢥ͑ͯͳ಺ΧϥϜ࣮‫ʹݧ‬ΑΔਫ਼ີͳ౔৕ਫ෼΍ѹྗͳͲͷଌఆΛΒͳ͍ɽ݁‫ہ‬ɼ೔ຊͷେֶӃ‫ڭ‬ҭͷߦ͘຤͸ࠓͷࢲʹ෼Մೳͱ͢Δٕज़Λ࣋ͭͷͰɼෳࡶͳ౔தͷ෺࣭Ҡಈ‫ߏػ‬͔Βͳ͍͕ɼֶੜʹ͸༔௕ʹͦͷվֵΛ଴͍ͬͯΔ࣌ؒͷཁҼղ໌ͷͨΊͷ໛ٖ࣮‫ݧ‬Λࣨ಺Ͱ࣮ࢪ͠΍͍͢఺ʹ͸ແ͍ɽࠓͰ͸ɼੈքతʹ༗໊ͳେֶͷߨ͕ٛΠϯλʔ

͋Δɽͨͱ͑͹ɼ‫ط‬ଘͷ GHGs ൃੜྔ༧ଌϞσϧʹ͓ωοτ্ʹແྉ഑৴͞ΕΔͳͲɼษ‫ؔ͢ʹڧ‬Δ‫ࡐڭ‬͸Ҳ͍ͯෆ๞࿨ਫ෼Ҡಈͷ‫Ͱࢉܭ‬ෆ۩߹͕ੜͨ͡Γ͢Δͷ͸Ε͍ͯΔɽඇৗʹແ੹೚ͳൃ‫Ͱݴ‬ਃ͠༁ͳ͍͕ɼൺֱత

ʢಙຊΒɼ2008ʣɼ౔৕෺ཧֶΛઐ໳ͱ͢Δ‫ऀڀݚ‬ͷؔΘࣗ༝ͳ‫ؒ࣌ڀݚ‬Λ༗͢Δ೔ຊͷֶੜ͸ͦΕΒͷ৘ใͳͲΓ͕গͳ͍ͨΊͰ͋Ζ͏ɽΛඞཁʹԠͯ͡࠷େ‫͢༻׆ʹݶ‬Δ͜ͱͰ஌ࣝΛ஝͑ɼ‫ݚ‬‫ऀڀݚ‬ͷ‫ૅج‬Λഓ͏େֶӃ‫ڭ‬ҭʹ΋গ͠৮Ε͍ͨɽΞ‫ڀ‬Λ௨ͯ͠੒ՌΛൃ‫ͯ͠ش‬௖͚ͨΒͱ‫͏ئ‬ɽϝϦΧͷେֶӃ‫ڭ‬ҭ͸ɼࢲ͕ςΩαε A&M େֶʹೖֶຊߘͰ͸ɼࢲͷ௕೥ʹΘͨΔֶੜੜ‫׆‬Λ௨ͯ͠ɼࢲ͕

͢Δʹ͋ͨͬͯͷҰ൪ͷؔ৺ࣄͰ͋ͬͨɽઌੜํʹΑͬ‫ͨ͡ײ‬ΞϝϦΧͱ೔ຊͱͷ‫ڭ‬ҭͷҧ͍ͱ౔৕෺ཧֶʹͯࢦಋͷΞϓϩʔν͸ҟͳΔ͕ɼ‫ج‬ຊతʹߨٛͷֶश‫ܭ‬

ର͢Δࢥ͍Λड़΂ͨɽࢲࣗ਎ɼ౔৕෺ཧֶͷ‫ͤັʹڀݚ‬ըͰ͸ɼߨٛɼ࣮‫ݧ‬ɼ࿦จͷྠಡͱٞ࿦ɼत‫ۀ‬ϓϩδΣΫ

ΒΕͯ‫ʹڀݚ‬຅಄͢ΔҰํͰɼ‫ڀݚ‬ੜ‫׆‬͸ະͩʹߝ౉ΓτɼϓϩδΣΫτͷใࠂॻ࡞੒͓Αͼൃදɼதؒɾ‫ظ‬຤ঢ়ଶ͕ଓ͘ɽͦͷͨΊʹɼ࢒೦ͳ͕ΒେखΛৼֶͬͯੜ

౔ཻࢠɿ2 ͭ໨ͷത࢜߸Λऔಘͯ͠53Ҿ༻จ‫ݙ‬

͕ΞϝϦΧͰത࢜߸ͷऔಘΛ໨ࢦ͢ͷΛ‫ޙ‬ԡ͠Ͱ͖Δཱ৔ʹ͍ͳ͍ɽ͔͠͠ͳ͕Βɼए͍͏ͪʹւ֎Ͱ‫ڀݚ‬ΛऔΓ૊Έɼଟ͘ͷ‫੾ͱऀڀݚ‬᛭ୖຏ͢Δ͜ͱ͸ɼ‫ͱऀڀݚ‬Tokumoto I. (2013): Root water uptake and soil water dynam-ͯ͠ඇৗʹ༗ҙٛͳ‫ݧܦ‬ΛੵΉ͜ͱʹ‫͕ܨ‬Δͱஅ‫͖Ͱݴ‬

ics on the Edwards Plateau, Texas. Ph.D. dissertation, TexasΔɽ‫ڝ‬૪‫ݪ‬ཧ͕ಇ͘‫ڀݚ‬ੜ‫͍͓ͯʹ׆‬ɼʠ҆ఆʡͱ͍͏‫ݴ‬

A&M University.

༿Λ୳͢ͷ͸೉͍͕͠ɼ֮‫͋͑͞ޛ‬Ε͹લ޲͖ʹ‫͕ڀݚ‬

Tokumoto I., Heilman J.L., McInnes K.J. and Kamps R.H. (2011):

ߦ͑Δɽຊߘ͕ւ֎Λ໨ࢦ͢एख‫ऀڀݚ‬ͷࢀߟʹͳΕ͹

Sealing neutron probe access-tubes in rocky soils using ex-

޾͍Ͱ͋Δɽ
࠷‫ʹޙ‬ɼࢲ͕‫ڀݚ‬ͷาΈΛ‫ܧ‬ଓͰ͖ͨͷ͸ɼଟ͘ͷઌഐ΍༑ਓ͔Βྭ·͠ͷ‫ݴ‬༿Λࣀ͔ͬͨΒͰ͋Δɽ͜ͷ৔ΛआΓͯɼ৺͔Β͓ྱΛਃ্͛͠Δɽ·ͨɼࣥචͷ‫ػ‬ձΛ༩͑ͯͩͬͨ͘͞ฤूҕһձʹ৺ΑΓ‫ͯ͠ँײ‬ɼຊߘͷ݁ͼͱ͢Δɽpandable polyurethane foam., Soil Sci. Soc. A. J., 75: 1922–
1925.
Tokumoto I., Heilman J.L., McInnes K.J., Morgan C.L.S. andKamps R.H. (2012): Calibration and use of neutron moistureand gamma density probes in rocky soils. Soil Sci. Soc. A. J.,
76: 2136–2142.
ಙຊՈ߁, ໼࡚༑࢚ɼՃ౻޹ɼঙࢠါ‫ر‬ɼొඌߒॿ (2008): ਫా͔ΒͷԹࣨޮՌΨεൃੜྔਪఆ΁ͷ DNDC Ϟσϧద༻Մೳੑͷ‫ݕ‬౼, ໌࣏େֶ೶ֶ෦‫ڀݚ‬ใࠂ, 58: 37–46.

఍̬ົ̬ሗ̬࿌
I. ৽‫چ‬Ҿ‫ࣄ͗ܧ‬຿‫ہ‬ձٞ࣌ɿ2013 ೥ 3 ݄ 28 ೔ʢ໦ʣ೔৔ॴɿ౦‫ژ‬େֶɹେֶӃ೶ֶੜ໋Պֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պग़੮ɿ‫ࣄچ‬຿‫ہ‬ʢ4 ໊ʣʗ೾ଟ໺ʢձ௕ʣɼ
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ଇୈ 6 ৚ (2) ϩʣΛҕ৤͢Δɽ

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࠾ܾத໺‫ࢠܙ‬ɼதଜެਓɼ੒Ԭɹࢢɼ੢ଜɹ୓ɼ
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٢ాमҰ࿠ɼ
ʢҕһ 19 ໊த 17 ໊ࢀՃɿ੒ཱʣ
ٞ

2013 ೥ 4 ݄ 30 ೔ ∼ 5 ݄ 7 ೔ग़੮ҕһɿऔग़৳෉ɼߐ‫ޱ‬ఆ෉ɼখਿ‫ݡ‬Ұ࿕ɼᴡ౻஧ਉɼ
ઍ༿ࠀ‫ݾ‬ɼ௼ాཽ໵ɼத઒ɹ‫ܒ‬ɼத໺‫ࢠܙ‬ɼ୊ɿ‫ڮ‬ຊ༸ฏɼ‫ٶ‬ຊًਔɼࢁ‫ࢠلޱ‬ɹ৹ٞࣄ߲ɿ

ʢҕһ 11 ໊த 11 ໊ࢀՃɿ੒ཱʣ

1. ฤूҕһͷબग़ʹ͍ͭͯٞࣄ಺༰Լ‫ه‬ͷձһ͕ฤूҕһʹબग़͞Εͨɽߐ‫ޱ‬ఆ෉ɼখਿ‫ݡ‬Ұ࿕ɼᴡ౻஧ਉɼઍ༿ࠀ‫ݾ‬ɼ௼ాཽ໵ɼத઒ɹ‫ܒ‬ɼத໺‫ࢠܙ‬ɼ‫ڮ‬ຊ༸ฏɼ‫ٶ‬ຊًਔɼࢁ‫ࢠلޱ‬1. ٞ୊
ʢ1ʣ֤ฤूҕһΑΓɼࣗ‫঺ݾ‬հͱؔ࿈ͷΩʔϫʔυͷ঺հΛߦͬͨɽ
ʢ2ʣฤूҕһ௕ΑΓฤूํ਑͕ࣔ͞Εɼঝೝ͞Ε

2. ձ‫ࠪ؂ܭ‬ͷબग़ʹ͍ͭͯԼ‫ه‬ͷձһʢ2 ໊ʣ͕ձ‫ʹࠪ؂ܭ‬બग़͞Εͨɽُࢁ޾࢘ɼ٢ഭɹ޺

ͨɽ·ͨɼTeX Խͷ‫ݱ‬ঢ়ใࠂ΍֤ฤूҕһʹपғ΁ͷ౤ߘͷ‫͚͔ͼݺ‬ґཔ͕ͳ͞Εͨɽ
ʢ3ʣฤूҕһ௕ΑΓӾಡ࡞‫ۀ‬खॱ͕ࣔ͞Εͨɽखଓ͖ͷए‫ׯ‬ͷ؆ུԽͱฤूҕһձͷΏͱΓͷ

3. બ‫ڍ‬؅ཧҕһͷબग़ʹ͍ͭͯԼ‫ه‬ͷձһ͕બ‫ڍ‬؅ཧҕһʹબग़͞Εͨɽ٢ాमҰ࿠ɹɹ౦‫ژ‬େֶେֶӃ೶ֶੜ໋Պֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պ

4. 2013ʢH25ʣ೥౓౔৕෺ཧֶձେձͷ೔ఔ ·ձ৔ʹ͍ͭͯ
Լ‫ه‬ͷҊ͕ঝೝ͞Εͨɽେձ · ૯ձɹ 2013 ೥ 10 ݄ 26 ೔ʢ౔ʣձ৔ɿ෱ౡେֶʢ෱ౡࢢʣ
‫ݱ‬஍‫ֶݟ‬ձɹ 2013 ೥ 10 ݄ 27 ೔ʢ೔ʣ෱ౡ‫಺ݝ‬ඃࡂ஍͋Δձ‫ظ‬ઃఆΛ֬ೝͷ্ɼखॱ͕ঝೝ͞Εͨɽ
ʢ4ʣฤूҕһ௕ΑΓɼฏ੒ 25 · 26 ೥౓ͷʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯ‫ܭߦץ‬ը͕ఏҊ͞ΕɼશձҰகͰঝೝ͞Εͨɽ
ʢ5ʣฤूҕһ௕ΑΓ‫ר‬಄‫ · ࢠཻ౔ · ݴ‬ฤू‫هޙ‬ͷࣥචऀʢҊʣ͕ఏࣔ͞Εɼঝೝ͞Εͨɽ

2. ใࠂ
ʢ1ʣฤू‫ࣄװ‬ΑΓɼ‫ࡏݱ‬ͷӾಡͷਐߦঢ়‫͕گ‬ใࠂ͞Εͨɽ
ʢ2ʣฤू‫ࣄװ‬ΑΓɼ‫ࡏݱ‬ͷ֤छ‫ا‬ըʢߨ࠲ · ಛूʣͷਐ௙ঢ়‫͕گ‬ใࠂ͞Εͨɽ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 124 ߸ɹ (2013)

56

IV. 2013ʢH25ʣ೥౓ɹୈ 1 ճࣄ຿‫ہ‬ձٞ೔࣌ɿ2013 ೥ 5 ݄ 28 ೔৔ॴɿ౦‫ژ‬େֶɹେֶӃ೶ֶੜ໋Պֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պʢࡾॏେֶͱͷؒ͸ TV ձٞʣग़੮ҕһɿߔ‫ޱ‬ձ௕ɼ٢઒෭ձ௕ɼऔग़ฤूҕһ௕ɼ౉ลฤू‫ࣄװ‬ɼ੢ଜॸ຿‫ࣄװ‬ɼ٢ాॸ຿‫ࣄװ‬ɼ੢ాձ‫ࣄװܭ‬ٞ୊ɿ

1. ೥ؒࣄ‫ܭۀ‬ըͷ‫ݕ‬౼ʢ1ʣ2013 ೥౓౔৕෺ཧֶձେձߨԋձ
ʢ2ʣֶձϗʔϜϖʔδͷຊ֨ӡ༻ʹ޲͚ͯ
ʢ3ʣόοΫφϯόʔͷอ؅ · ؅ཧʹ͍ͭͯ
2. 2012 ೥౓ܾࢉҊɼ2013 ೥౓༧ࢉҊɼ2012 ೥౓ձ‫ࠪ؂ܭ‬ใࠂʹ͍ͭͯ

3. ֶձࢽฤूʹؔ͢ΔҊ݅
ʢ1ʣ‫ࡏݱ‬ͷ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ͷฤू࡞‫ۀ‬ঢ়‫گ‬ͷใࠂ
ʢ2ʣ‫ߘݪ‬ͷ TeX Խʹ͍ͭͯ
ʢ3ʣ౤ߘଅਐํࡦʹ͍ͭͯ
4. ͦͷଞ
ʢ1ʣֶձ৆ͷબߟ࡞‫͍ͯͭʹۀ‬
ʢ2ʣ೔ຊ஍‫ٿ‬࿭੕Պֶ࿈߹ʹ͍ͭͯ

࠾ܾ

2011 ೥ 7 ݄ 5 ೔ ∼ 7 ݄ 9 ೔ग़੮ҕһɿऔग़৳෉ɼߐ‫ޱ‬ఆ෉ɼখਿ‫ݡ‬Ұ࿕ɼᴡ౻஧ਉɼ
ઍ༿ࠀ‫ݾ‬ɼ௼ాཽ໵ɼத઒ɹ‫ܒ‬ɼத໺‫ࢠܙ‬ɼ‫ڮ‬ຊ༸ฏɼ‫ٶ‬ຊًਔɼࢁ‫ࢠلޱ‬ʢҕһ 11 ໊த 11 ໊ࢀՃɿ੒ཱʣ
ɹٞࣄ಺༰

1. ٞ୊
ʢ1ʣฤूҕһ௕ΑΓఏҊͷ͋ͬͨʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ
124 ߸ʯͷൃߦ‫ܭ‬ը͕શձҰகͰঝೝ͞Εͨɽ
2. ใࠂ
ʢ1ʣฤू‫ࣄװ‬ΑΓɼ‫ࡏݱ‬ͷӾಡͷਐߦঢ়‫͕گ‬ใࠂ͞Εͨɽ
ʢ2ʣฤू‫ࣄװ‬ΑΓɼTeX Խ‫ߘݪ‬ͷϔομʔ͕঺հ͞Εͨɽ

3. ͦͷଞ
ʢ1ʣʮ‫ݹ‬యͷಡΉʯ‫ܧ‬ଓʹ͍ͭͯ
ʢ2ʣʮॻධʯʮ‫঺ڀݚ‬հʯʹ͍ͭͯ
ʢ3ʣ୲౰ҕһͷΩʔϫʔυʹ͍ͭͯ

VII. ձһফଉʢ2013 ೥ 6 ݄ 28 ೔·Ͱɼ‫ܟ‬শུʣ
V. 2013ʢH25ʣ೥౓ɹୈ 2 ճࣄ຿‫ہ‬ձٞ࣌ɿ2013 ೥ 6 ݄ 25 ೔೔৔ॴɿ౦‫ژ‬େֶɹେֶӃ೶ֶੜ໋Պֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պʢࡾॏେֶͱͷؒ͸ TV ձٞʣग़੮ҕһɿߔ‫ޱ‬ձ௕ɼ٢઒෭ձ௕ɼऔग़ฤूҕһ௕ɼ౉ลฤू‫ࣄװ‬ɼ੢ଜॸ຿‫ࣄװ‬ɼ٢ాॸ຿‫ࣄװ‬ɼ੢ాձ‫ࣄװܭ‬ٞ୊ɿ

1. ୈ 1 ճࣄ຿‫ہ‬ձٞٞࣄ࿥֬ೝ
2. 2013 ೥౓౔৕෺ཧֶձେձߨԋձ ·ΤΫεΧʔγϣϯʹ͍ͭͯ

3. ֶձϗʔϜϖʔδͷຊ֨ӡ༻ʹ͍ͭͯ
4. όοΫφϯόʔͷॲ෼ʹ͍ͭͯ
5. ֶձࢽฤूʹؔ͢ΔҊ݅
6. ࡒ੓ͷ҆ఆԽʹ͍ͭͯ
7. ձһ਺ͷ֬อʹ͍ͭͯ

VI. 2013ʢH25ʣ೥౓ɹୈ 2 ճฤूҕһձ։࠵‫ࣜܗ‬ɿిࢠձٞ
೔࣌ɿ࣭ٙԠ౴ · ౼࿦2013 ೥ 6 ݄ 28 ೔ ∼ 7 ݄ 4 ೔

ೖձ γχΞձһ

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‫ࡏݱ‬ձһ਺ʢ2013 ೥ 5 ݄ 28 ೔‫ࡏݱ‬ʣਖ਼ձһʢࠃ಺ʣ

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—ฤ ू ‫—ه ޙ‬ֶձࣄ຿‫͕ہ‬๺ւಓ͔Β౦‫΁ژ‬Ҡͬͯ࠷ॳͷֶձࢽͷ‫ࣄه‬΍‫ڀݚ‬Λ࢝Ίͨ͹͔Γͷए͍‫ऀڀݚ‬ୡ͕͓‫ྭʹ͍ޓ‬ൃߦʹͳΓ·͢ɽઌͷ߸ʢ123 ߸ʣ͕͔ͳΓॆ࣮ͨ͠΋·͋͑͠Δ৔΋ʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯͰఏ‫͚͍ͨͯ͠ڙ‬ΒͱͷͰ͋ͬͨͨΊɼࠓ߸ͷ‫ࡌܝ‬࿦จ͕͋·Γແ͍ͷͰ͸ͳࢥ͓ͬͯΓ·͢ɽ͍͔ͱ৺഑͓ͯ͠Γ·ͨ͠ɽ͔͠͠ɼӾಡ࡞‫ۀ‬΋ॱௐʹ

·ͨɼ৭ʑͱෳࡶͳ໰୊Λର৅ͱ͠ͳͯ͘͸ͳΒͳ͍ਐΈɼ;ͨΛ։͚ͯΈͨΒΦϦδφϧ࿦จ΍ JpGU ಛू‫ࡏݱ‬ɼ౔৕෺ཧֶͷ‫ڀݚ‬ςʔϚͷઃఆ͕೉͘͠ͳ͖ͬͯ

࿦จͳͲɼ͍ͭ΋ͱมΘΒͳ͍͘Β͍ͷ࿦จ͕‫͞ࡌܝ‬Ε͍ͯΔͷͰ͸ͳ͍Ͱ͠ΐ͏͔ɽ౔৕෺ཧֶͷ৽ͨͳల։

ΔӡͼͱͳΓɼҰ҆৺͓ͯ͠Γ·͢ɽ౤ߘ͍͍ͨͩͨձ

Λߟ͑Δͱ͖ʹ͸ʮ‫ݹ‬యΛಡΉʯ΋ྑ͍ͱࢥ͍·͢ɽ௕һͷօ༷ɼӾಡΛ୲౰͞Εͨํʑɼ͜Ε·Ͱൃߦͷ४උ୩઒ձ௕ͷ࣌ʹ࢝·ͬͨ͜ͷ‫ا‬ը͸ɼ͜Ε·Ͱɼ౔৕෺

Λ͍͍ͨͩͨ‫چ‬ฤूҕһձ͓Αͼࣄ຿‫ہ‬ͷօ༷ํʹ‫ँײ‬ཧֶͷ૑ઃ‫ظ‬Λத৺ʹ‫ݹ‬యΛऔΓ্͖͛ͯ·ͨ͠ɽࠓ‫ޙ‬ਃ্͛͠·͢ɽ

ͱ΋౔৕෺ཧֶͷൃలʹେ͖͘‫د‬༩ͨ͠ʢͱ͍ΘΕΔʣ

࠷ۙ͸ɼएख‫ऀڀݚ‬΍த‫ऀڀݚݎ‬Λத৺ʹՌ‫ࡍࠃʹ׶‬࿦จΛਂ͘۷ΓԼ͛ͯօ༷ͱ‫ڞ‬༗͢Δ‫׆‬ಈΛଓ͚͍͖ͯ

ࢽʹ΋νϟϨϯδ͞Ε͍ͯΔ༷ࢠΛ͏͔͕͏‫ػ‬ձ͕૿͍͑ͨͱࢥ͍·͢ͷͰɼऔΓ্͍͛ͨ࿦จɼ͝ҙ‫ݟ‬ɼ͝ཁ

͖ͯ·ͨ͠ɽͦͷ෼ɼʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯ΁ͷ౤ߘ͸গͳ͘๬Λฤूҕһձ·Ͱ͓‫ͤد‬Լ͍͞ɽͳ͖͍ͬͯͯΔͷ͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜɽ͔͠͠ɼͦͷΑ͏ͳ࣌୅Ͱ͢ͷͰɼࠃࡍ‫ڝ‬૪ͷதͰർΕͨͱ͖ʹ΋҆Β͛Δ‫ٶ‬ຊًਔʢฤूҕһʣ౔৕෺ཧֶձ
ࣄ຿‫ߏہ‬੒ձ௕෭ ձ ௕ॸ຿‫ࣄװ‬
ձ‫ࣄװܭ‬
ฤू‫ࣄװ‬
ձ‫ࠪ؂ܭ‬

ฤूҕһձ

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‫ࢠل‬

ʢ౦‫ژ‬େֶʣ
ʢʢಠʣ೶‫ٕڥ؀ۀ‬ज़‫ॴڀݚ‬ʣʢ౦‫ژ‬େֶʣ
ʢ౦‫ژ‬େֶʣ
ʢ౦‫ژ‬େֶʣ
ʢࡾॏେֶʣ
ʢʢಠʣ೶‫ · ۀ‬৯඼࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़૯߹‫ߏػڀݚ‬ʣʢʢಠʣ೶‫ · ۀ‬৯඼࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़૯߹‫ߏػڀݚ‬ʣʢࡾॏେֶʣ
ʢʢಠʣ೶‫ٕڥ؀ۀ‬ज़‫ॴڀݚ‬ʣʢ‫౎ژ‬େֶʣ
ʢௗऔେֶʣ
ʢ‫ٶ‬৓େֶʣ
ʢʢಠʣ৿ྛ૯߹‫ॴڀݚ‬ʣʢ௕࡚େֶʣ
ʢʢಠʣ೶‫ · ۀ‬৯඼࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़૯߹‫ߏػڀݚ‬ʣʢ౦‫ژ‬೶޻େֶʣ
ʢʢಠʣ೶‫ · ۀ‬৯඼࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़૯߹‫ߏػڀݚ‬ʣʢʢಠʣ೶‫ٕڥ؀ۀ‬ज़‫ॴڀݚ‬ʣͨ೥౓͔ΒదԠ͢Δ͕ɼ౰֘೥౓தʹ༗ࢿ֨ͱͳͬͨ৔
߹͸ɼ࣍೥౓͔ΒదԠ͢Δɽ
ୈ 1 ৚ ຊֶձ͸౔৕෺ཧֶձʢJapanese Society of Soil Physicsʣ 3ʣγχΞձһͷ‫ݖ‬ར͸ਖ਼ձһʹ४ͣΔɽͨͩ͠ɼձଇୈ 6
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ʢ2011.10.28 ੍ఆʣٕज़͓Αͼ‫ڥ؀‬Պֶͷൃలʹߩ‫͢ݙ‬Δ͜ͱΛ໨తͱ͢Δɽ
ୈ 3 ৚ ຊֶձ͸ͦͷ໨తΛୡ੒͢ΔͨΊʹ࣍ͷࣄ‫ۀ‬Λߦ͏.
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ʢ2ʣֶձࢽʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʢJournal of the Japanese Society
1. ච಄ஶऀ͸ຊֶձձһͰ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
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ʢLecturesʣɿ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʹؔ͢Δॾࣄ߲
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ʣʮ‫঺ڀݚ‬հʯʢMy researchʣɿ‫͍ͯͬߦࡏݱ‬Δ‫ڀݚ‬ɼ
ୈ 6 ৚ ຊֶձʹ࣍ͷ໾һΛ͓͘ɽ೚‫ظ‬͸ 2 ೥ͱ͢Δɽͨͩ͠ɼ
ଞͷֶձࢽ౳ʹ‫͞ࡌܝ‬Εͨ࿦จɼ‫্ڀݚ‬ͷ޻෉ͳͲ
3 ‫ظ‬࿈ଓͷॏ೚͸ೝΊͳ͍ɽબग़ํ๏͸࣍ʹΑΔɽ
ʹ͍ͭͯͷฏқͳ঺հɽ‫ن‬ఆϖʔδΛ࡮Γ্͕Γ 6
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6ʣʮࢿྉʯ
ʢMiscellaneousʣɿ޿͘ձһͷࢀߟͱͳΔ
ʢ2ʣධٞһ
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ʢ4ʣ‫ࣄװ‬ए‫໊ׯ‬8ʣʮߨ࠲ʯ
ʢLecture seriesʣɿʮղઆʯͱຊ࣭తͳҧ͍ए‫໊ׯ‬ͷॸ຿ɼձ‫ܭ‬ɼฤूͷ‫ࣄװ‬Λձ௕͕ҕ৤͢Δɽ
͸ͳ͍͕ɼಛʹฤूҕһձ͕‫ا‬ըͯ͠ෳ਺ճʹΘ
ୈ 7 ৚ ձ௕͸ຖ೥ 1 ճҎ্૯ձฒͼʹධٞһձΛটू͢Δɽ
ͨͬͯߦ͏΋ͷΛࢦ͢ɽ‫ن‬ఆϖʔδΛ࡮Γ্͕Γ 6
ʢ1ʣ૯ձ͸ຊֶձͷ࠷ߴܾٞ‫ͯͬ͋Ͱؔػ‬ɼࣄ‫ܭۀ‬ըɼ༧ࢉ ·ϖʔδҎ಺ͱ͢Δɽ
ܾࢉɼձଇͷมߋ౳Λܾఆ͢Δɽ૯ձ͸ਖ਼ձһɼγχΞ9ʣʮಛूʯ(Topics)ɿʮղઆʯ
ɼ
ʮ૯આʯ
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ʮ࿦จʯ
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ʮ‫ڀݚ‬
ձһ͓ΑͼֶੜձһͰߏ੒͞ΕΔɽϊʔτʯ͕ࠞࡏͨ͠΋ͷͰɼಛʹฤूҕһձ͕‫ا‬ըʢ2ʣධٞһձ͸ɼձһͷબ‫ʹڍ‬ΑΒͳ͍໾һͷબग़ɼ૯ձٞ
ͯ͠ෳ਺ճʹΘͨͬͯߦ͏΋ͷΛࢦ͢ɽ‫ن‬ఆϖʔδҊɼͦͷଞͷॏཁࣄ߲Λ‫ݕ‬౼͢Δɽධٞһձͷٞ௕͸ձΛ࡮Γ্͕Γ 6 ϖʔδҎ಺ʢʮ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτʯͰ͸ 4௕͕͜Εʹ͋ͨΔɽϖʔδҎ಺ʣͱ͢Δɽ
ʢ3ʣ૯ձ͓Αͼධٞһձͷܾٞ͸ҕ೚ঢ়Λ‫ؚ‬Ήଟ਺ܾͱ͢Δɽ
10ʣʮॻධʯ(Book reviews)ɿ‫ن‬ఆϖʔδΛ࡮Γ্͕Γͨͩ͠ɼձଇͷมߋ͸ɼ૯ձग़੮ऀͷ 3 ෼ͷ 2 Ҏ্ͷࢍ2 ϖʔδҎ಺ͱ͢Δɽ
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11ʣʮ‫ר‬಄‫ݴ‬ʯ(Foreword)ɿ‫ن‬ఆϖʔδΛ࡮Γ্͕Γ 2
ୈ 8 ৚ ຊֶձͷձ຿͸ɼධٞһձ͓Αͼ૯ձͷٞΛ‫ͯܦ‬ɼձ௕ɼϖʔδҎ಺ͱ͢Δɽ
෭ձ௕ɼฤूҕһ௕͓Αͼ‫͕͜ࣄװ‬ΕΛࣥߦ͢Δɽձ຿
ͳ͓ɼ্‫۠ه‬෼ʹ͓͍ͯɼฤूҕһձ͕ձһ·ͨ͸ࣥߦʹඞཁͳ‫ن‬ఔ͸ผʹఆΊΔɽձһҎ֎ʹ౤ߘґཔ͢Δ͜ͱ͕͋Δɽ
ୈ 9 ৚ ຊֶձʹ࣍ͷҕһձΛ͓͘ɽ
3. ‫ߘݪ‬ͷ࠾൱͸ฤूҕһձ͕ܾఆ͢Δɽฤूҕһձ͸ɼʮ࿦ʢ1ʣબ‫ڍ‬؅ཧҕһձจʯ͓Αͼʮ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτʯʹ͍ͭͯ͸ 2 ໊ɼͦͷଞͷ౤ߘਖ਼ձһͷத͔ΒධٞһձʹΑͬͯબग़͞Εɼຊֶձͷධ‫ʹߘݪ‬͸ 1 ໊ͷӾಡऀΛબΜͰӾಡΛґཔ͢Δɽͨͩ͠ɼ
ٞһબ‫ڍ‬Λ؅ཧ͢Δɽ
ʮ౔ཻࢠʯ
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ʮ‫ר‬಄‫ݴ‬ʯʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼ͜ͷ‫ݶ‬ΓͰͳ͍ɽ
ʢ2ʣฤूҕһձ
4. ౤ߘ‫ ͕ߘݪ‬2ɽʹ‫ن͢ه‬ఆϖʔδΛӽ͑Δ৔߹ʹ͸ɼ1ਖ਼ձһͷத͔ΒධٞһձʹΑͬͯબग़͞ΕΔҕһʹΑͬϖʔδ͋ͨΓ 15,000 ԁΛஶऀෛ୲ͱ͢Δɽͨͩ͠ɼฤ
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ूҕһձ͕ձһ·ͨ͸ձһҎ֎ʹ౤ߘґཔͨ͠‫ߘݪ‬ͷ৔ʢ3ʣֶձ৆બߟҕһձ߹͸͜ͷ‫ݶ‬ΓͰͳ͍ɽ·ͨɼΧϥʔҹ࡮ͷ৔߹͸࣮අΛਖ਼ձһͷத͔ΒධٞһձʹΑͬͯબग़͞ΕΔҕһʹΑͬஶऀෛ୲ͱ͢Δɽ
ͯߏ੒͞Εɼֶձ৆Λબߟ͢Δɽ
5. ౤ߘ͢Δ৔߹͸ɺ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ʢຊจɼਤද‫ؚ‬Ήʣ͓Αͼ‫ݪ‬
ୈ 10 ৚ ຊֶձͷ‫ܦ‬අ͸ձඅͦͷଞͷऩೖΛ࣋ͬͯ͋ͯΔɽຊֶߘૹΓঢ়ʢผࢴॻࣜʣͷ PDF ϑΝΠϧΛฤूҕһ௕Ѽձͷձ‫ܭ‬೥౓͸ຖ೥ 4 ݄ 1 ೔ʹ࢝·Γཌ೥ 3 ݄ 31 ೔
ʹఏग़͢Δɽͨͩ͠ɺฤूҕһձ͕ผ్ࢦࣔͨ͠৔߹͸ʹऴΘΔɽ͜ͷ‫ݶ‬ΓͰ͸ͳ͍ɽෟଇ
6. ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬Λड͚෇͚ͨ৔߹ɼฤूҕһձ͸଎΍͔ʹड෇൪(1) ຊֶձͷ࿈བྷઌ͸ɼ͜ΕΛ౰෼ͷؒ࣍ʹஔ͘ɽ߸ͱड෇೔෇Λ໌ࣔͨ͠ిࢠϝʔϧ·ͨ͸ॻঢ়Λ౤ߘऀʹ
ɹ˟113-8657 ɹ౦‫౎ژ‬จ‫۠ژ‬໻ੜ 1-1-1
ૹΔɽ·ͨɼ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ͷ‫ࡌܝ‬Λܾఆͨ͠৔߹ɼ࠷ऴ‫ߘݪ‬Λɹ౦‫ژ‬େֶେֶӃ೶ֶੜ໋Պֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պɹ಺डྖͨ͠ͷͪʹडཧ೔෇Λ໌ࣔͨ͠ॻঢ়Λஶऀʹૹ෇͢Δɽ(2) ຊձଇ͸ɼ2011 ೥ 4 ݄ 1 ೔ΑΓࢪߦ͢Δɽ
ʢ2011.10.28 վਖ਼ʣ 7. ஶऀʹରͯ͠मਖ਼Λ‫ٻ‬Ίͨ‫͕ߘݪ‬ɼಛผͳࣄ৘ͳ͘ 6 ϲ݄Ҏ಺ʹ࠶ఏग़͞Εͳ͍ͱ͖͸औΓԼ͛ͱ‫͢ͳݟ‬ɽࡉଇ
8. ஶऀߍਖ਼͸ॳߍͷΈͱ͢Δɽ·ͨɼಛʹਃ͠ग़͕ͳ͍‫ݶ‬(1) γχΞձһΓҹ࡮ͣΈͷ‫ߘݪ‬͸ฦ͞ͳ͍ɽ
1ʣγχΞձһ͸ɼ͜Ε·Ͱਖ਼ձһͰ͋ͬͯ 60 ࡀҎ্ͷৗ
9. ‫͞ࡌܝ‬Εͨ‫ߘݪ‬ͷ PDF ϑΝΠϧΛஶऀʹଃఄ͢Δɽ·‫ۈ‬৬ʹब͍͍ͯͳ͍ऀ
ͨɼஶऀ͸ผ࡮ΓΛҹ࡮‫͔ऀۀ‬Βߪೖ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ2ʣγχΞձһ΁ͷมߋ͸ɼࢿ֨Λ༗͢Δձһ͔ΒͷਃࠂΛड͚ɼධٞҕһձͷঝೝΛड͚Δɽ‫ݪ‬ଇͱͯ͠ਃࠂ͞Ε 10. ຊࢽʹ‫͞ࡌܝ‬Εͨ‫ߘݪ‬ͷஶ࡞‫ݖ‬͸౔৕෺ཧֶձʹ‫ؼ‬ଐ͢Δɽ
ʢ2012.12. 20 վਖ਼ʣ౔৕෺ཧֶձձଇ

ʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯ‫ࣥߘݪ‬චཁྖશൠతࣄ߲

1. ‫ߘݪ‬͸ɼ೔ຊ‫ͨ·ޠ‬͸ӳ‫ࣥͰޠ‬ච͢Δɽ
2. ೔ຊ‫ޠ‬ͷ‫ߘݪ‬͸ɼA4 ൑ɼ25 ࣈɼ26 ߦͱ͠ɼ্Լࠨӈʹ 30 mm Ҏ্ͷ༨നΛͱΔʢ4 ຕͰ 1 ϖʔδʹͳΔʣɽ
3. ೔ຊ‫ޠ‬ͷ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ʢͨͩ͠ɼॻධ͸আ͘ʣ͸ɼ͸͡Ίʹ

26. Ҿ༻จ‫ݙ‬ͷॻ͖ํ͸ҎԼͷΑ͏ʹ͢Δɽ
< ࡶࢽ >
৿ຊɹ૱, Ӭాɹम, ઒ຊɹ݈, ௕୩઒पҰ (2009): ట୸ྛ౔৕ͷԹࣨޮՌΨεͷੜ੒ͱফࣦɽ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɼ113: 3-12.
Fujimaki, H., Ando, Y., Cui, Y. and Inoue, M. (2008):
Parameter estimation of root water uptake model
under salinity stress. Vadose Zone Journal, 7: 3138.
Millington, R.J. and Quirk, J.P. (1959): Permeability of porous media. Nature, 183: 387-388, doi:
10.1038/183387a0.
Bitteli, M., Flury, M. and Campbell, G.S. (2003): A
thermo dielectric analyzer to measure the freezing and moisture characteristic of porous media. Water Resour. Res., 39(2): W1041, doi:
10.1029/2001WR000930.
< ୯ߦຊ >
Tinker, P.B. and Nye, P.H. (2000): Solute movementin the rhizosphere, p.308. Oxford University Press,
New York.
౔৕‫ڥ؀‬෼ੳ๏ฤूҕһձฤ (1997): ౔৕‫ڥ؀‬෼ੳ๏,
pp.129-138. ത༑ࣾ, ౦‫ژ‬.
দ৿‫( ࣏ݎ‬2005): ஍ཧ৘ใγεςϜΛ༻͍ͨ஠ૉෛՙ༧
ଌϞσϧ. ೾ᆽ໺ོհ · ‫ݘ‬෬࿨೭ฤɹଓ · ‫ڥ؀‬ෛՙΛ༧ଌ͢Δ, pp. 60-79. ത༑ࣾ, ౦‫ژ‬.
Jury, W.A. (1996): Stochastic solute transport modeling trends and their potential compatibility with
GIS. In Corwin, D.L. and Loague, K. (ed.) Application of GIS to the modeling of non-point source
pollutants in the vadose zone, pp.57-67. SSSA Special Publication No. 48, Madison.
<Web ϖʔδ >FAO-AGL (2000): Global extent and location of sodic
soils. Available at http://www.fao.org/ag/AGL/agll/prosoil/sodic.html.ʢ֬ೝ೥݄೔ʣ
໺ࡊ஡‫( ॴڀݚۀ‬2006): ໺ࡊͷ঳ࢎΠΦϯ௿‫ݮ‬ԽϚχϡΞϧ. http://vegetea.naro.affrc.go.jp/joho/manual/shousan/index.html.ʢ֬ೝ೥݄೔ʣ
ʢࡶࢽͷϖʔδʹ͸ p. ΍ pp. Λ͚ͭͳ͍ɽຊͷ୯਺ϖʔδΛࣔ͢৔߹ʹ͸ p.ɼෳ਺ϖʔδΛࣔ͢৔߹ʹ͸pp. Λ͚ͭΔʣ೔ຊ‫Ͱޠ‬ද୊ɼஶऀ໊Λॻ͖ɼͦͷ͋ͱʹӳ‫Ͱޠ‬ද୊ͱஶऀ໊ʢϑϧωʔϜʣΛॻ͍͔ͯΒຊจΛॻ͖࢝ΊΔɽӳ‫ޠ‬ͷද୊͸ɼ๯಄ͷ୯‫ޠ‬ͷ಄จࣈͷΈΛେจࣈͱ͠ɼ
ͦΕҎ߱͸‫ݻ‬༗໊ࢺ౳ɼಛʹେจࣈ͕ඞཁͳ৔߹Λআ͖ɼશͯখจࣈͱ͢Δɽӳ‫ޠ‬ͷஶऀ໊͸໊ͷ 1 จࣈ໨͓Αͼ੏ͷશͯΛେจࣈͰ‫͢ه‬ɽ·ͨɼୈ 1 ϖʔδԼͷ‫٭‬஫ʹɼஶऀͷॴଐ‫ࡏॴͱؔػ‬஍Λӳ‫Ͱޠ‬ɼCorresponding
Author ͱ͢Δஶऀͷࢯ໊ͱॴଐΛ೔ຊ‫͢هͰޠ‬ɽ
4. ೔ຊ‫ޠ‬ͷ࿦จ͓Αͼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτ͸ɼӳ‫ʹޠ‬ΑΔද୊ · ஶऀ໊ͱຊจͱͷؒʹӳ‫ Ͱޠ‬300 words ఔ౓ͷ Abstractͱ 5 ‫ݸ‬Ҏ಺ͷ Key words ΛೖΕΔɽ
5. ೔ຊ‫ޠ‬ͷ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ʢͨͩ͠ɼࢿྉͱ౔ཻࢠɼॻධΛআ͘ʣ͸ɼҾ༻จ‫ݙ‬ͷ‫ʹޙ‬೔ຊ‫ Ͱޠ‬350 ࣈఔ౓ͷཁࢫɼ͓Αͼ
5 ‫ݸ‬Ҏ಺ͷΩʔϫʔυΛॻ͘ɽ
6. ӳ‫ޠ‬ͷ‫ߘݪ‬͸ɼA4 ൑ɼμϒϧεϖʔεͰ࡞੒͢Δʢ໿
600 words Ͱ 1 ϖʔδʹͳΔʣɽ
7. ӳ‫ޠ‬ͷ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ʢͨͩ͠ɼॻධ͸আ͘ʣ͸ɼManuscript
titleɼFull name of authors Λॻ͍͔ͯΒຊจΛॻ͖࢝ΊΔɽஶऀ໊͸ First name ͷ 1 จࣈ໨͓Αͼ Familyname ͷશͯΛେจࣈͰ‫͢ه‬ɽ·ͨɼୈ 1 ϖʔδԼͷ‫٭‬஫ʹɼAddress of institutions of authors ͓Αͼ
Corresponding author Λ‫͢ه‬ɽ
8. ӳ‫ޠ‬ͷ࿦จ͓Αͼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτ͸ɼFull name of authorsͱຊจͷؒʹ 300 words Ҏ಺ͷӳจ Abstract ͱ 5 ‫ݸ‬Ҏ಺ͷӳ‫ޠ‬ͷ Key words ΛೖΕΔɽ
9. ӳ‫ޠ‬ͷ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ʢͨͩ͠ɼࢿྉͱ౔ཻࢠɼॻධ͸আ͘ʣ͸ɼҾ༻จ‫ݙ‬ͷ‫ʹޙ‬ɼ೔ຊ‫Ͱޠ‬ද୊ͱஶऀ໊ɼॴଐ‫ؔػ‬ɼॴࡏ஍ɼ350 ࣈఔ౓ͷཁࢫɼ5 ‫ݸ‬Ҏ಺ͷΩʔϫʔυΛ͚ͭΔɽͳ͓ɼஶऀ͕֎ࠃਓͷΈͷͨΊʹ೔ຊ‫ޠ‬෦෼ͷ࡞੒͕ࠔ೉ͳ৔߹ɼӳ‫ޠ‬෦෼͔Βͷ࿨༁ʹΑΓɼฤूҕһձͷ੹೚Ͱ͜ΕΒΛ࡞੒͢Δɽ
10. ӳ‫ޠ‬ͷదਖ਼Խ͸͢΂ͯஶऀͷ੹೚ʹ͓͍ͯߦ͏͜ͱɽࣗ
વՊֶ࿦จͷࣥච΍ߍਖ਼ʹ‫ݧܦ‬ͷ͋Δӳ‫ޠ‬ͷωΠςΟϒ
εϐʔΧʔʹΑͬͯνΣοΫ͞Ε͍ͯΔࣄ͕๬·͍͠ɽ11. Ӿಡऴྃ‫࠷ʹޙ‬ऴ‫ߘݪ‬Λఏग़͢Δͱ͖ʹ͸ɼฤूҕһձ͕ࢦࣔ͢Δ‫ࣜܗ‬ͷిࢠϑΝΠϧΛૹ෇͢Δɽ
ͦͷଞ
ຊจ
27.
ຊཁ߲ͷ΄͔ɼՊֶٕज़৘ใྲྀ௨ٕज़‫ج‬४(SIST) ʹ४
12. ‫ʹߘݪ‬͸ɼӾಡ࡞‫ۀ‬ͷޮ཰ԽΛਤΔͨΊɼຊจʹߦ൪߸‫͢ڌ‬Δɽ
Λ 5 ߦຖʹॻ͖ೖΕΔɽ
(2012.12.20 վਖ਼)
13. ষͷ‫ݟ‬ग़͠͸ 1.ɼ2.ɼ3.ɼઅͷ‫ݟ‬ग़͠͸ 1.1ɼ1.2ɼ1.3ɼ
߲ͷ‫ݟ‬ग़͠͸ 1.1.1ɼ1.1.2ɼ1.1.3 ͷΑ͏ʹ͠ɼࣈମ͸[౔৕෺ཧ෼໺ͷ SI ࢖༻ྫ]ΰγοΫମͱ͢Δɽࠃࡍ୯Ґ‫ܥ‬ʢSIʣʹ͍ͭͯ͸ଟ͘ͷग़൛෺Ͱղઆ͞Εͯ
14. ུ‫ޠ‬ɼུ߸Λ࢖͏ͱ͖ʹ͸ɼ͸͡ΊʹͦΕ͕ग़ͨͱ͖ʹ͍ΔͷͰɼ͜͜ʹ͸ɼ౔৕෺ཧʹಛʹؔ࿈ͷਂ͍୯Ґͷ࢖ਖ਼໊ࣜশͱͱ΋ʹࣔ͢ʢྫɿཅΠΦϯަ‫׵‬༰ྔ (CEC)ʣ
ɽ ༻ྫΛࣔ͢ɽ
15. ୯Ґͷ࢖͍ํ͸ɼࠃࡍ୯Ґ‫( ܥ‬SI) ʹΑΔɽਪ঑͞ΕΔ୯ҐೝΊΒΕΔ୯Ґ
ਤද
−1
‫ؚ‬ਫൺ
kg
kg
*
16. ೔ຊ‫͓ޠ‬Αͼӳ‫ޠ‬ͷ‫ͱߘݪ‬΋ʹɼਤ·ͨ͸ࣸਅͷ൪߸͸ମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰
m3 m−3Fig. 1ɼද͸ Table 2 ͷΑ͏ʹॻ͘ɽମੵm3
L, cm3 , mL
17. ೔ຊ‫ޠ‬ͷ࿦จɼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτͷ৔߹ɼਤɼදɼࣸਅͷ୊໊ີ౓
kg m3 , Mg m−3ʹ͸ӳ‫ޠ‬Λซ‫͢ه‬Δɽೱ౓
kg m−3 , Mg m−3
g L−1 , mg L−1
18. ਤɼදɼࣸਅ͸ඞཁ࠷খ‫͠ͱ౓ݶ‬ɼಉҰࣄ߲ΛදͱਤʹϞϧೱ౓
mol m−3
mol L−1ॏෳͯ͠දࣔ͢Δࣄ͸ආ͚Δɽྗ
N
19. ਤɼදɼࣸਅ͸ 1 ϖʔδʹ 1 ͭͣͭషΓ෇͚ɼ༨നʹਤਫ෼ϙςϯγϟϧ J kg−1
kPa, m, cm, **
ಁਫ܎਺
m s−1
cm s−1ද౳ͷ൪߸Λ‫͢ه‬ɽ−1−1ΠΦϯަ‫׵‬༰ྔ
mol
kg
,
cmol
kg
c
c
20. ਤͱࣸਅ͸ͦͷ··੡൛͞ΕΔͷͰɼ઱໌ͳ΋ͷΛఏग़͢Δɽ
ճస਺
s−1
min−1
21. ਤ͸ 1/2 ഒͳͲͱ͓Αͦͷॖখ཰Λࢦఆ͠ɼ2 ഒ͘Β͍ऩྔkg m−2kg ha−1, Mg ha−1, t ha−1ʹେ͖͘ॻ͘ɽਤͷઢͷଠ͞΍จࣈͷେ͖͞͸ɼ࡮Γ্
* % දࣔ͸ɼ‫ݪ‬ଇͱͯ͠෼฼ͱ෼ࢠͷ಺༰͕ಉ͡΋ͷͷ৔͕Γͷେ͖͞Λߟྀܾͯ͠ΊΔɽ߹ʹ͚ͩ༻͍Δɽ
22. ஍ਤ΍‫ݦ‬ඍ‫ࣸڸ‬ਅʹ͸ఆईΛ͚ͭɼॖई΍ഒ཰͸͚ͭͳ͍ɽ
23. ਤɼදɼࣸਅͷ൪߸ͱ୊໊͸ɼผࢴʹ·ͱΊͯҰཡදͱ͢Δɽ ** cm H2 O ͸࢖Θͳ͍ɽͦͷଞɼٙ໰ͷ͋Δ΋ͷʹ͍ͭͯ͸ҙ‫ݟ‬Λฉ͍ͯฤूҕҾ༻จ‫ݙ‬
һձͰ‫ݕ‬౼͢Δɽ
24. ຊจதͰจ‫ݙ‬ΛҾ༻͢Δ৔߹͸ɼஶऀ໊ʢ੢ྐྵʣɼ·ʢ2000. 3.10 վਖ਼ʣͨ͸ʢஶऀ໊ɼ੢ྐྵʣͱ͢ΔʢྫɿTanakaʢ1994ʣ
ɼʢNakamura and Suzuki, 1981ʣʣɽஶऀ͕ 3 ໊Ҏ্ͷ৔ʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯ౤ߘҊ಺߹͸ୈ 1 ஶऀ໊ͷ͋ͱʹ—Βɼ·ͨ͸ et al. Λ͚ͭΔ
ʢྫɿࢁాΒʢ1978ʣɼʢTayler et al., 1945ʣʣɽ
1. ౤ߘ‫ʹߘݪ‬ର͢Δ‫ج‬ຊํ਑25. Ҿ༻จ‫ݙ‬͸ɼຊจͷ͋ͱʹஶऀ໊ͷ ABC ॱʹॻ͘ɽະɹฤूҕһձ͸ৗʹձһ͔Βͷࣗओ౤ߘΛ‫ܴ͢׻‬Δͱ‫ڞ‬ൃදɼࢲ৴͸Ҿ༻จ‫͍ͳ͠ࡌهͯ͠ͱݙ‬ɽʹɼ౤ߘ͞Εͨ‫ߘݪ‬ΛͳΔ΂͘ૣ͘ɼͰ͖Δ͚ͩ‫͢ࡌܝ‬Δํ޲Ͱॲཧ͍ͨ͠ͱߟ͍͑ͯ·͢ɽͨͩ͠ɼ
ʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯʹ‫͢ࡌܝ‬Δ‫ߘݪ‬͸ಡऀʹͱͬͯ༗ӹ͔ͭ‫׬‬੒ͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋Δ͜ͱ͕ඞཁͰ͢ɽฤूҕһձ͸ɼ౤ߘ‫͕ߘݪ‬ʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯʹ‫͢ࡌܝ‬Δͷʹ;͞Θ͍͠಺༰Λ࣋ͭ‫ݪ‬
ߘͰ͋Δ͔Ͳ͏͔Λ‫ج‬४ͱͯ͠ɼ‫ࡌܝ‬ͷՄ൱Λ൑அ͠·͢ɽͳ͓ɼଞࢽͱͷೋॏ౤ߘ͸ೝΊΒΕ·ͤΜɽ
2. ౤ߘ‫ٻʹߘݪ‬ΊΒΕΔ΋ͷ
ɹ౤ߘʹ౰ͨͬͯ͸ɼʮ౤ߘҊ಺ʯͱ‫ʹڞ‬ʮ౤ߘ‫ن‬ఆʯʮ‫ࣥߘݪ‬චཁྖʯΛΑ͘ಡΜͰͦΕʹै͏ͱ‫ʹڞ‬ɼӾಡऀ͕ଟ๩ͳதͰ࣌ؒΛׂ͘͜ͱΛΑ͘ཧղͯ͠࠷େ‫౒ʹݶ‬ྗͯ͠‫׬‬੒ͨ͠‫͔ͯ͠ͱߘݪ‬Β౤ߘͯ͠Լ͍͞ɽ౤ߘ‫ݪ‬ߘʹ‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕΔ΋ͷ͸Լͷ௨ΓͰ͢ɽ
ʢ1ʣ ಺༰ʹ͍ͭͯ
1ʣΦϦδφϦςΟʔ͕͋Δ͜ͱʢ࿦จɼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτͷ৔߹ʣɽ2ʣຊࢽͷಡऀʹͱͬͯ༗ӹͰ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
3ʣಋೖɼ‫ڀݚ‬ख๏͔Β݁࿦ʹࢸΔաఔʹ࿦ཧੑ͕͋Δ͜ͱɽ
ʢ2ʣ ද‫͍ͯͭʹݱ‬1ʣ‫ߘݪ‬શମͷߏ੒͕੔͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱɽ
2ʣද୊͕ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
3ʣจষද‫͕ݱ‬ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
4ʣӳจΞϒετϥΫτ΍࿨จཁࢫ͕ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
5ʣSI ୯Ґ΍‫߸ه‬ͷ࢖͍ํ͕ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
6ʣΩʔϫʔυ͕ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
7ʣӳ‫ޠ‬ͷද‫͕ݱ‬ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
3. ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ͷड෇ɹฤूҕһձ͸౤ߘ‫͕ߘݪ‬ମࡋ্࠷খ‫ݶ‬ඞཁͱ͢Δ৚݅
Λຬ͍ͨͯ͠Δ͜ͱΛ֬ೝͨ͠‫ޙ‬ɼ‫ߘݪ‬Λड͚෇͚·͢ɽ৚݅Λຬ͍ͨͯ͠ͳ͍৔߹ʹ͸ɼஶऀ΁ͷ໰͍߹Θͤɼ΋͘͠͸‫ߘݪ‬Λड͚෇͚ͣͦͷ··ฦߘ͢Δ৔߹͕͋Γ·͢ɽ
4. Ӿಡͷ໨తͱ࢟੎
ɹฤूҕһձ͸ड͚෇͚ͨ౤ߘ‫͕ߘݪ‬ʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯ΁‫͢ࡌܝ‬Δͷʹ;͞Θ͍͔͠Ͳ͏͔Λ൑ఆ͢ΔࢿྉΛಘΔͨΊʹӾಡΛߦ͍·͢ɽฤूҕһձ͸ద೚ͷӾಡऀΛબఆ͠ɼӾಡΛґཔ͠·͢ɽɹฤूҕһձ͸Ӿಡऀʹରͯ͠ಛʹ࣍ͷ఺ʹ͍ͭͯ஫ҙΛ͓‫͢·͍͍ͯ͠ئ‬ɽ1ʣ‫ߘݪ‬ͷ಺༰ʹର͢Δ੹೚͸ஶऀʹ͋Δ͜ͱɽ·ͨɼ‫ߘݪ‬ͷՁ஋͸ಡऀ͕൑அ͢Δ΋ͷͰ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
2ʣӾಡ͸಺༰ͷ൷൑΍౼ٞΛߦ͏΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͍͜ͱɽ
ैͬͯɼ‫ݟ‬ղͷ૬ҧ͸‫ࡌܝ‬ෆదͷཧ༝ʹͳΒͳ͍͜ͱɽ
3ʣӾಡऀ͸౤ߘऀʹରͯ͠‫ࢦڀݚ‬ಋ͢Δཱ৔ʹͳ͍͜ͱɽैͬͯɼ৽ͨͳ࣮‫ݧ‬΍‫ࢉܭ‬ͷ௥Ճཁ‫Ͳͳٻ‬͸‫ۃ‬ྗආ͚Δ͜ͱɽ
4ʣӾಡґཔ‫ݶظ‬Λ‫ݫ‬क͢Δ͜ͱɽ
ɹӾಡऀ͔Βग़͞Εͨ໰୊఺ʹ͍ͭͯɼฤूҕһձ͸‫͕ߘݪ‬౤ߘ‫ٻʹߘݪ‬ΊΒΕΔ΋ͷΛຬͨͨ͢ΊʹඞཁʹԠͯ͡ஶऀʹमਖ਼Λ‫ٻ‬Ί·͢ɽͨͩ͠ɼ͜Ε͸ஶऀʹର͢Δࢦಋ΍ॿ‫Ͱݴ‬͸͋Γ·ͤΜɽ‫ߘݪ‬ͷ಺༰ʹର͢Δ੹೚͸͋͘·Ͱஶऀʹ͋Γ·͢ɽ5. Ӿಡͷखॱͱ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ͷ࠾൱
ʢ1ʣ ฤूҕһձ͸࿦จɼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτʹ͍ͭͯ͸ 2 ਓɼͦͷଞͷ۠෼ͷ౤ߘ‫͍ͯͭʹߘݪ‬͸ 1 ਓͷద೚ऀ΁ӾಡΛґཔ͠·͢ɽ
ʢ2ʣ Ӿಡऀ͸ʮ2ʯͷ౤ߘ‫ٻʹߘݪ‬ΊΒΕΔ֤߲໨ʹ͍ͭͯ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ΛධՁ͠ɼӾಡ݁ՌΛશମҙ‫͓ݟ‬Αͼ‫ݸ‬ผࢦఠࣄ߲ͱ‫ʹڞ‬ฤूҕһձ΁ใࠂ͠·͢ɽʢ3ʣ ฤूҕһձ͸Ӿಡ݁ՌΛ৹ٞ͠ɼ౤ߘ‫ߘݪ‬ͷ࠾൱Λܾఆ͠·͢ɽ͜ͷࡍɼ࿦จɾ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτʹ͍ͭͯ͸‫ݪ‬ଇͱͯ͠ԼͷΑ͏ʹऔΓѻ͍·͢ɽ1ʣӾಡऀ 2 ໊ͱ΋૯߹൑ఆ͕ Aʢ͜ͷ··‫ࡌܝ‬Մʣͷ৔߹ʹ͸ɼӾಡ݁ՌΛड͚औͬͨ೔෇Ͱ‫ߘݪ‬Λडཧʢ‫ܾࡌܝ‬ఆʣ͠·͢ɽ2ʣ1 ໊ͷ૯߹൑ఆ͸ A ɼ΋͏ 1 ໊͸ Bʢࢦఠͷ఺͕मਖ਼͞ΕΕ͹‫ࡌܝ‬Մʣͷ৔߹ɼ·ͨ͸ 2 ໊ͱ΋ Bͷ৔߹ʹ͸ɼࢦఠࣄ߲ʹ͍ͭͯஶऀʹൺֱతখ͞ͳ
मਖ਼Λ‫ٻ‬Ί·͢ɽमਖ਼‫͕ߘݪ‬ఏग़͞Εɼฤूҕһձ͕मਖ਼಺༰Λ֬ೝͨ࣌͠఺Ͱडཧ͠·͢ɽ3ʣ1 ໊ͷ૯߹൑ఆ͸ B ɼ΋͏ 1 ໊͸ Cʢࢦఠͷ఺͕मਖ਼͞Εͨ‫ޙ‬ɼ࠶Ӿಡ͢Δඞཁ͋Γʣͷ৔߹ɼ·ͨ͸ 2 ໊ͱ΋ C ͷ৔߹ʹ͸ɼࢦఠࣄ߲ʹ͍ͭͯஶऀ
ʹ΍΍େ͖ͳमਖ਼Λ‫ٻ‬Ί·͢ɽఏग़͞Εͨमਖ਼‫ߘݪ‬͸࠶ͼӾಡΛߦ͍·͢ɽ4ʣ1 ໊ͷ૯߹൑ఆ͕ Dʢ‫ࡌܝ‬ෆదʣͷ৔߹ʹ͸ɼୈ 3ͷӾಡऀʹ൑ఆΛґཔ͢Δ͜ͱΛ‫ؚ‬Ίɼฤूҕһձ͕ରԠΛ൑அ͠·͢ɽ5ʣ2 ໊ͷ૯߹൑ఆͱ΋ D ͷ৔߹ʹ͸ɼͦͷཧ༝Λ෇͚ͯஶऀ΁ฦߘ͠·͢ɽ6ʣӾಡ͸ 2 ճ·Ͱͱ͠ɼ࠶Ӿಡʹ͓͍ͯ΋ C ·ͨ͸
D ͷ൑ఆ͕͋Δ৔߹ʹ͸ɼฤूҕһձ͕ରԠΛ൑அ͠·͢ɽʢ4ʣӾಡ݁Ռͷ૯߹൑ఆΛ D ͱ͢Δཧ༝͸࣍ͷΑ͏ͳ΋ͷͰ͢ɽ
1ʣ‫ൃط‬දͱΈͳ͞ΕΔ΋ͷɽ2ʣॏཁͳ෦෼ʹࠜຊతͳ‫ޡ‬Γ͕͋Δ΋ͷɽ
3ʣࣄ࣮ʹ‫಺͍ͨͮج‬༰Ͱ͸ͳ͘ɼ୯ͳΔओ‫͕؍‬ड़΂ΒΕ
͍ͯΔʹա͗ͳ͍΋ͷʢ࿦จɼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτͷ৔߹ʣɽ
4ʣ௨આ͕ड़΂ΒΕ͍ͯΔ͚ͩͰɼ৽͍͠஌‫͕ݟ‬શ͘ͳ͍΋ͷʢ࿦จɼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτͷ৔߹ʣɽ
5ʣमਖ਼Λཁ͢Δࠜຊతͳࢦఠࣄ߲Λଟ͘‫ؚ‬ΜͰ͍Δ΋ͷɽ
6ʣ࿈ࡌ‫ߏͰࣜܗ‬੒͞Ε͓ͯΓɼ1 ฤ͝ͱʹಠཱͨ͠΋ͷͱೝΊ͕͍ͨ΋ͷɽ
7ʣશମߏ੒΍จষ͕ૈࡶͰɼ಺༰ͷ൑ఆ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍΋ͷɽ
8ʣ಺༰͕ຊࢽͷझࢫʹ߹Θͳ͍΋ͷɽ
9ʣͦͷଞɼຊࢽʹ‫͢ࡌܝ‬Δ‫͞;ͯ͠ͱߘݪ‬Θ͘͠ͳ͍΋ͷɽ
6. ͦͷଞ
1ʣ‫ڞ‬ஶऀ͸શһ͕‫੹ʹߘݪ‬೚ΛෛͬͯԼ͍͞ɽ‫ڞ‬ஶऀ͕͍Δʹ΋͔͔ΘΒͣɼͦͷ‫ڞ‬ஶऀ͕‫ߘݪ‬ΛಡΜͰͳ͍ͱ൑அ͞ΕΔΑ͏ͳ‫ج‬ຊతͳϛε͕͋Δ৔߹ʹ͸ɼӾಡΛதࢭͯ͠ฦߘ͢Δ͜ͱ͕͋Γ·͢ɽ2ʣमਖ਼‫ߘݪ‬Λฦૹ͢Δ৔߹ʹ͸ɼमਖ਼݁Ռ͕͙͢ʹ෼
͔ΔΑ͏ͳճ౴ॻʢࢦఠࣄ߲ʹରԠͨ͠मਖ਼Օॴɾ
಺༰ҰཡʣΛ࡞੒͠ɼఴ෇ͯ͠Լ͍͞ɽ
3ʣ‫ߘݪ‬͸Ұ౓ҹ࡮ެද͞ΕΔͱ຤Ӭ͘ධՁͱ൷൑ͷର৅ʹͳΓ·͢ɽӾಡҙ‫ʹݟ‬ରͯ͠͸‫ྫྷྗۃ‬੩͔ͭ৻ॏʹରॲͯ͠Լ͍͞ɽ‫ޡ‬ղ͕͋ͬͨ৔߹ʹ͸ɼͦͷ‫ޡ‬ղΛղ͚ͩ͘Ͱͳ͘ɼ‫ޡ‬ղΛड͚ͳ͍Α͏ͳॻ͖ํʹվΊΔ౒ྗ͕‫ٻ‬ΊΒΕ·͢ɽ4ʣʮ‫ࡌܝ‬ෆదʯͰฦߘ͞Εͨ‫ߘݪ‬Λ࠶౤ߘ͢Δ৔߹͸৽‫ن‬౤ߘѻ͍ͱͳΓ·͢ɽʮ‫ࡌܝ‬ෆదʯͱͨ͠ཧ༝
Λे෼ʹ֬ೝɾ‫ݕ‬౼ͷ্ɼ࠶౤ߘͯ͠Լ͍͞ɽ
ʢ2004. 6.29 վਖ਼ʣʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯӾಡͷखҾ͖

1. Ӿಡґཔ‫ݶظ‬ͷ‫ݫ‬कΛ͓‫͍ئ‬க͠·͢ɽສҰɼ‫ʹ಺ݶظ‬Ӿಡ͕ࠔ೉ͳ৔߹ʹ͸ɼ଎΍͔ʹฤूҕһձࣄ຿‫΁ہ‬࿈བྷͯ͠Լ͍͞ɽ
2. ʮ౤ߘҊ಺ʯʹ͓͍ͯɼԼͷ΋ͷΛ౤ߘ‫ٻʹߘݪ‬Ί͍ͯ
·͢ɽӾಡʹ͓͍ͯ΋ɼ͜ΕΒΛͦͷ‫ج‬४ͱ͠·͢ɽʢ1ʣ಺༰ʹ͍ͭͯ1ʣΦϦδφϦςΟʔ͕͋Δ͜ͱʢ࿦จɼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτͷ৔߹ʣɽ2ʣຊࢽͷಡऀʹͱͬͯ༗ӹͰ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
3ʣಋೖɼ‫ڀݚ‬ख๏͔Β݁࿦ʹࢸΔաఔʹ࿦ཧੑ͕͋Δ͜ͱɽ
ʢ2ʣද‫͍ͯͭʹݱ‬1ʣ‫ߘݪ‬શମͷߏ੒͕੔͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱɽ
2ʣจষද‫͕ݱ‬ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
3ʣද୊͕ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
4ʣӳจΞϒετϥΫτ΍࿨จཁࢫ͕ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
5ʣSI ୯Ґ΍‫߸ه‬ͷ࢖͍ํ͕ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
6ʣΩʔϫʔυ͕ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
7ʣӳ‫ޠ‬ͷද‫͕ݱ‬ద੾Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱɽ
3. ʮ‫ࡌܝ‬ෆదʯͱ͢Δཧ༝ͱͯ͠͸ɼԼͷΑ͏ͳ΋ͷ͕‫ڍ‬͛ΒΕ·͢ɽ
1ʣ‫ൃط‬දͱΈͳ͞ΕΔ΋ͷɽ2ʣॏཁͳ෦෼ʹࠜຊతͳ‫ޡ‬Γ͕͋Δ΋ͷɽ
3ʣࣄ࣮ʹ‫಺͍ͨͮج‬༰Ͱ͸ͳ͘ɼ୯ͳΔओ‫͕؍‬ड़΂ΒΕ
͍ͯΔʹա͗ͳ͍΋ͷʢ࿦จɼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτͷ৔߹ʣɽ
4ʣ௨આ͕ड़΂ΒΕ͍ͯΔ͚ͩͰɼ৽͍͠஌‫͕ݟ‬શ͘ͳ͍΋ͷʢ࿦จɼ‫ڀݚ‬ϊʔτͷ৔߹ʣɽ
5ʣमਖ਼Λཁ͢Δࠜຊతͳࢦఠࣄ߲Λଟ͘‫ؚ‬ΜͰ͍Δ΋ͷɽ
6ʣ࿈ࡌ‫ߏͰࣜܗ‬੒͞Ε͓ͯΓɼ1 ฤ͝ͱʹಠཱͨ͠΋ͷͱೝΊ͕͍ͨ΋ͷɽ
7ʣશମߏ੒΍จষ͕ૈࡶͰɼ಺༰ͷ൑ఆ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍΋ͷɽ
8ʣ಺༰͕ຊࢽͷझࢫʹ߹Θͳ͍΋ͷɽ
9ʣͦͷଞɼຊࢽʹ‫͢ࡌܝ‬Δ‫͞;ͯ͠ͱߘݪ‬Θ͘͠ͳ͍΋ͷɽ
4. ‫ߘݪ‬ͷ಺༰ʹର͢Δ੹೚͸͋͘·Ͱஶऀʹ͋Γ·͢ɽ·ͨɼ‫ߘݪ‬ͷՁ஋͸ಡऀ͕൑அ͢Δ΋ͷͰ͢ɽ
5. Ӿಡ͸಺༰ͷ൷൑΍౼ٞΛߦ͏΋ͷͰ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɽैͬͯɼ‫ݟ‬ղͷ૬ҧ͸‫ࡌܝ‬ෆదͷཧ༝ʹ͸ͳΓ·ͤΜɽ

6. Ӿಡऀ͸౤ߘऀʹରͯ͠‫ࢦڀݚ‬ಋ͢Δཱ৔ʹ͋Γ·ͤΜɽΑͬͯɼ৽ͨͳ࣮‫ݧ‬΍‫ࢉܭ‬ͷ௥Ճཁ‫Ͳͳٻ‬͸‫ྗۃ‬ආ͚ͯԼ͍͞ɽ
7. Ӿಡऀ͸ஶऀͱ௚઀ંিΛ͠ͳ͍ͰԼ͍͞ɽஶऀͱͷަব͸͢΂ͯฤूҕһձͷ੹೚Ͱߦ͍·͢ɽ8. Ӿಡऀͱͯ͠஌Γಘͨҹ࡮લͷ‫ߘݪ‬ͷ಺༰͸͍͔ͳΔ‫ܗ‬Ͱ΋ར༻ɾҾ༻౳ग़དྷ·ͤΜɽ‫͝ʹݫ‬஫ҙԼ͍͞ɽ
9. ஶऀʹमਖ਼Λ‫ٻ‬Ίͨ‫࠶ʹޙ‬ӾಡͰ૯߹൑ఆΛ Dʢ‫ࡌܝ‬ෆదʣͱ͢Δ͜ͱ͸ɼӾಡऀʹͱͬͯ΋ஶऀʹͱͬͯ΋ඇੜ࢈తͰ͢ɽ‫׬‬੒౓ͷ௿͍‫͍͓ͯʹͲͳߘݪ‬͸ɼमਖ਼Λ‫ٻ‬Ί࠶ӾಡΛߦ͏ΑΓ΋ʮ‫ࡌܝ‬ෆదʯͱͯ͠࿅Γ௚͔ͯ͠Β৽ͨʹ౤ߘ͢ΔΑ͏ଅͨ͠ํ͕Α͍৔߹͕͋Γ·͢ɽͦͷ৔߹ʹ͸ɼʮ‫ࡌܝ‬ෆదʯͷཧ༝ʢ
ʮ3ʯࢀরʣΛ໌ࣔͯ͠Լ͍͞ɽ‫ݸ‬ผࢦఠࣄ߲΁ͷҙ‫ݟ‬͸ෆཁͰ͢ɽ
10. Ӿಡऀ͔Βฤूҕһձ΁ҙ‫ݟ‬౳͕͋Δ৔߹͸ɼඞͣʮฤ
ूҕһձ΁ͷҙ‫ݟ‬ʯͱͯ͠ผࢴ΁ͷ‫ه‬ೖΛ͓‫͢·͍͠ئ‬ɽ
ʢ2003. 5.28 վਖ਼ʣ౔৕෺ཧֶձֶձ৆‫ن‬ఆ

1. छྨɹ

ֶձ৆ʹ࿦จ৆ͱ༏लϙελʔ৆Λ͓͘ɽ
2. ࿦จ৆ͷબߟ࿦จ৆͸ɼ೥ 1 ճɺҎԼͷखॱʹΑΓ࿦จ৆બߟҕһձʮҎԼɼબߟҕһձʯͰ৹ࠪ͠ɼධٞһձͰܾఆ͢Δɽʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑʯʹɼ‫ݪ‬ଇͱ
ʢ1ʣ৆ͷର৅ͱ͢Δ࿦จ͸ɼͯ͠લ೥౓ʢલ೥ 4 ݄ 1 ೔͔Βཌ೥ͷ 3 ݄ 31 ೔·Ͱʣʹ‫͞ࡌܝ‬Εͨ‫ݪ‬ஶʮ࿦จʯͱ͢Δɽ
ʢ2ʣ৹ࠪର৅ͱ͢Δ࿦จ͸ɼҎԼͷ͍ͣΕ͔ͱ͢Δɿ
1ʣબߟҕһ͕ʢ1ʣʹ֘౰͢Δ࿦จͷத͔Βୈ 1 ࣍
ʢ1ʣʹ֘౰͢Δ࿦จͷ৹ࠪͱͯ͠બߟͨ͠΋ͷɼ 2ʣத͔Βਖ਼ձһ 1 ໊Ҏ্ʹΑΓਪનʢࣗન΋͘͠͸ଞનʣ͞Εͨ΋ͷɽʢ2ʣ-2ʣʹ‫͢ه‬࿦จͷਪન͸ɼֶձࢽʮ౔৕ͷ෺ཧ
ʢ3ʣੑʯʹެࣔ͞ΕͨืूΛड͚ɼॴఆͷॻྨΛඞཁ෦਺ଗ
͑ɼ‫ظ‬೔·Ͱʹֶձࣄ຿‫ʹہ‬ఏग़͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ɽ
ʢ2ʣʹ֘౰͢Δ࿦จͷத͔Βɼୈ
ʢ4ʣબߟҕһձͰ͸ɼ
2 ࣍৹ࠪͱͯ͠ड৆ީิ࿦จʢҎԼɼީิ࿦จʣΛ৹ࠪ · બߟ͠ɼධٞҕһձ΁෇ٞ͢Δɽ

ʢ5ʣධٞҕһձͰ͸ɼީิ࿦จ͕ड৆ʹద͔֨Ͳ͏͔Λ൑ఆ͢Δɽ
3. ༏लϙελʔ৆ͷબߟ༏लϙελʔ৆ʢҎԼɼϙελʔ৆ʣ͸೥ 1 ճɼҎԼͷखॱʹΑΓܾఆ͢Δɽ
ʢ1ʣબߟͷର৅͸ɼ౰֘೥౓ͷ౔৕෺ཧֶձେձʹ͓͍ͯൃද͞ΕͨϙελʔͰ͋ͬͯɼච಄ऀ͸ձһͱ͢Δɽ
ͨͩ͠ɼϙελʔͷච಄ऀֶ͕ੜͷ৔߹ʹ‫ݶ‬Γɼձһ֎Ͱ͋ͬͯ΋બߟͷର৅ʹ‫ؚ‬ΊΔɽ
ʢ2ʣϙελʔ৆͸ʢ1ʣʹ֘౰͢Δϙελʔͷத͔Βɼબߟҕһձ͓Αͼձһͷ౤ථʹΑΓબߟ͢Δɽʢ5 ݅ҎԼʣ
4. දজ
ʢ1ʣ࿦จ৆͸ɼ௨ৗ૯ձʹ͓͍ͯදজΛߦ͏ɽ·ͨձࢽ্ʹެද͢Δɽʢ2ʣϙελʔ৆͸ɼ౔৕෺ཧֶձେձʹ͓͍ͯදজΛߦ
͏ɽ·ͨɼձࢽ্ʹެද͢Δɽ
ʢ2002.11.23 ੍ఆɹ 2009.10.24 վਖ਼ʣ౔৕෺ཧֶձֶձ৆બߟҕһձ‫ن‬ఆ

1. ໨తɹ

ֶձ৆બߟҕһձʢҎԼҕһձͱ͍͏ʣ͸ɼ࿦จ৆͓Αͼ༏लϙελʔ৆ͷબߟΛߦ͏͜ͱΛ໨తͱ͢Δɽ
2. ‫ۀ‬຿ҕһձ͸ͭ͗ͷ‫ۀ‬຿Λߦ͏ɽ(1) ֶձ৆‫ن‬ఆʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬࿦จ৆͓Αͼ༏लϙελʔ৆ͷબߟɽ(2) ౔৕෺ཧֶձֶձ৆બߟʹؔ͢Δͦͷଞͷࣄ߲ɽ
3. ߏ੒ɹ
ҕһձ͸ҕһ௕ 1 ໊͓Αͼҕһ 5 ఔ౓Λ࣋ͬͯߏ੒͢Δɽ(1) ҕһձ͸ਖ਼ձһΑΓߏ੒͞ΕΔɽ(2) ҕһ͸ධٞһձͷਪનʹ‫͖ͮج‬૯ձͰܾఆ͢Δɽ(3) ೚‫ظ‬͸ 2 ೥ͱ͢Δɽͨͩ͠ɼ࠶೚͸͞·ͨ͛ͳ͍ɽ
(4) ҕһ௕͸ҕһͷ‫ޓ‬બʹΑΓબग़͢Δɽ(5) ए‫໊ׯ‬ͷઐ໳ҕһΛ͓͘͜ͱΛೝΊΔɽ
4. ։࠵ҕһձ͸೥ 3 ճఔ౓։࠵͢Δɽ
ʢ2002.11.23 ੍ఆɹ 2003.11.22 վਖ਼ʣ‫ ૹ ߘ ݪ‬Γ ঢ়ड෇൪߸ʢຊձͰ‫ه‬ೖʣ
ɿ
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ද୊ʢӳจʣΩʔϫʔυʢ೔ຊ‫ޠ‬ɿ̑‫ޠ‬Ҏ಺ʣΩʔϫʔυʢӳ‫ޠ‬ɿ̑‫ޠ‬Ҏ಺ʣஶऀ໊ 1ϩʔϚࣈ ∗ॴଐຊձձһ · ඇձһஶऀ໊ 2ϩʔϚࣈ ∗ॴଐຊձձһ · ඇձһஶऀ໊ 3ϩʔϚࣈ ∗ॴଐຊձձһ · ඇձһஶऀ໊ 4ϩʔϚࣈ ∗ॴଐຊձձһ · ඇձһஶऀ໊ 5ϩʔϚࣈ ∗ॴଐຊձձһ · ඇձһ

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