LPG – supporting energy for our sustainable society and life

Key Roles of LPG in Realizing Long-Term Contributions to theEnvironment and Resilience (Sustainable Recovery)

Japan LP Gas Association (JLPGA)
June, 2020
(Revised in March, 2021)

0LPG – supporting energy for our sustainable society and life

Key Roles of LPG in Realizing Long-Term Contributions
to the Environment and Resilience (Sustainable Recovery)
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction (Background and Content of Implementation) ............................................... 2
Chapter 2: Response to the SDGs by the LPG Industry ............................................................................. 3
1. SDGs ....................................................................................................................................................... 3
2. Basic government policies on the LPG industry ................................................................................ 3
3. Contributions of the LPG industry to achieving the SDGs ................................................................. 3
3.1 SDG7: Reliable energy, LPG .......................................................................................................... 4
1) Contributions by diversifying LPG supply sources and robust stockpiling/distribution
Infrastructure ............................................................................................................................... 4
2) Global contributions through the development of LPG apparatus technologies andactions towards operational safety in Japan ........................................................................... 43) Activities towards renewable energy by the LPG industry ..................................................... 5
3.2 SDG9: Valuable energy of supporting our everyday life, LPG .................................................. 6
1) Introduction of IoT and AI technologies to maintain sustainable logistics ........................... 62) Development of revolutionary technology towards a carbon-neutral society(Artificial photosynthesis, Propanation, etc.) ……………………………………………………..73) Alliance with Decentralized Micro-grid System ...................................................................... 9
3.3 SDG11: Resilient infrastructure of LPG ......................................................................................... 10
1) Introduction of bulk storage system for disasters .................................................................. 10
2) Promoting installation of emergency power generators for everyday use ...................... 113) Promoting LPG-fueled GHP ...................................................................................................... 11
4) Promoting LPG vehicles ............................................................................................................ 12
3.4 SDG13: LPG’s actions towards global climate change ............................................................ 121) Environmental contributions by promoting highly efficient heaters(Reduction of CO2 emissions) ....................................................................................................... 122) LCI evaluation of LPG and fuel conversion ............................................................................ 133) LPG fueled vessels .................................................................................................................... 13
4) LPG (Autogas) vehicles ............................................................................................................ 155) Elimination of Hydro-fluorocarbons (HFCs) ............................................................................ 156) Approaches for net-zero emissions of LPG ............................................................................ 15
Chapter 3: Conclusions (Contributions of LPG industry to the SDGs and our proposals for theimportant role of the LPG industry) ........................................................................................................... 17
Attached documents/drawings:* A Futuristic painting of an LPG society .................................................................................................. 18* Other policies involving LPG ................................................................................................................... 19* Relation between CSR, ESG and the SDGs .................................................................................................... 21* The Positioning of ‘LPG Long-term Contributions’ and Various Policies ..................................................... 21* Correlation between the SDGs and the roles of LPG ........................................................................... 22

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LPG – supporting energy for our sustainable society and life

Key Roles of LPG in Realizing Long-Term Contributions
to the Environment and Resilience (Sustainable Recovetry)
Chapter 1: Introduction (Background and Content of Implementation)
Demand for LPG in Japan peaked at 19.71 million tons in 1996, before declining to 13.93 million
tons in 2019 (a decrease of 5.78 million tons in volume, or minus 29%). It has been well cited that
there are mainly two reasons behind the decline: shifting to all-electric homes and the rollout ofenergy-efficient gas-burning appliances to market. However, it should also be noted that demandfor LPG has started to be pushed down by the growing and enhanced awareness both in public
and private sectors of protecting the global environment and tackling the issue by reducing CO2
emissions from fossil fuels, including LPG.
In recent years, political direction towards defining renewable energy as the main power source
has been clearly shown such as by the “Strategic Energy Plan” or “Long-term Strategy under theParis Agreement” issued by the Japanese government (herein after referred to as “the GOJ”). In
reality, it might be possible to expand the utilization of electricity derived from renewable energy
by developing revolutionary technologies and overcoming potential future challenges, such as
power distribution network or electricity storage. However, the stakes are still high. In order to realize
a low (or decarbonized) society, it is also necessary to effectively utilize the existing energy sources
while promoting the renewable energy policy.
It is an undeniable fact that LPG is a fossil fuel, however, it provides excellent environmental
performance and strong resilience, and has an important role to play as a “last resort in case ofdisaster”. The exceptional and advantageous benefits of LPG have been well demonstrated in thepast in disasters such as the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. LPG is a source of energy thatcan easily and readily be accessed anywhere in the country. Moreover, LPG has alreadyestablished a competitiveness as a decentralized energy given its resilience, and supply chains canrecover much more quickly than other major energy sources in times of disasters. In addition, areliable and robust supply network exists across Japan. Therefore, it is safe to say that LPG iscomparatively superior to other energy sources from a Japanese energy-security perspective.
The Japan LP Gas Association (herein after referred to as “the JLPGA”) released its LP Gas Visionin 2025 in November 2018, which details the mid- and long-term approaches concerning demand
expansion, stable supply, improvement of distribution system, safety, environment, quality control,and so forth. This vision highlighted the importance for LPG players not only to pursue ‘quantity (sales
volumes)’ but also to seek ‘quality’ improvement (such as contribution to environmental policy) inorder to help realize a sustainable society as well as to strengthen our disaster response capability.
This stressed the critical responsibilities, and pride of LPG players involved in the industry, andenabled the industry to pursue a sustainable society where LPG is a clear choice, not only on theenvironmental benefit, but also because of the contributions LPG can make to social priorities.
We have chosen the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which incorporate multiple
perspectives such as environment, technical innovation, resilience and sustainability, as a fairmeasure to objectively evaluate the universal usability of LPG (such as versatility and portability)
and its unchanging essential role in the future. Thus, adopting the SDGs would be the mostappropriate method and approach for us to explain the status of LPG to the public under thecomplex circumstances surrounding the LPG industry.
In addition to these arguments, it is important for the LPG industry to clarify the role LPG can playin helping achieve certain SDGs (e.g., stable supply of energy, innovation, resilience, andenvironment). As a part of such works to enhance public awareness of the universal usability ofLPG, we decided to write and publish this statement. Finally, we would like to thank Jyukankyo
Research Institute Inc. for the valuable advice and support in preparing this report.

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LPG – supporting energy for our sustainable society and life
Chapter 2: Response to the SDGs by the LPG Industry
1. SDGs
The SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) represent the action program adopted by the UN
General Assembly in September, 2015, with the setting of 17 Sustainable Development Goals, 169
targets, and 232 indicators, with the aim of 100% fulfillment through a pledge to “Leave No One
Behind” by 2030.
The GOJ designed its ‘SDGs Action Plan 2019’ to promote the SDGs and is focusing on theJapanese ‘SDGs models’ and ‘SDGs Implementation Guideline’ as per the following three
concepts:
1) To promote ‘Society 5.0’ in conjunction with the SDGs
2) To create regional revitalization and develop resilient and eco-friendly towns driven by the SDGs
3) Empowerment of the next generation and women as flagbearers for the SDGs
For companies, actions taken in line with the SDGs would bring them the following practical
opportunities, which would lead to their own sustainable growth:
1) Performance of social responsibilities and risk-aversion2) Measurement of company value
3) Use of common language and sharing of purpose
4) Business opportunities

Figure 1: Goals of SDGs (Source: UN website)
2. Basic government policies on the LPG Industry
Besides the SDGs, the LPG industry operates in close conjunction with government policies. The
Strategic Energy Plan, National Resilience Plan, Long-Term Strategy under the Paris Agreement, andthe Strategy for Revolutionary Innovation of the Environment are essential policies which could
affect the direction of the LPG industry’s future. Furthermore, it will be necessary for the industry tooperate in line with the GOJ’s new concept of Society 5.0 where social structure would be formedby the digital transformation (DX) in an advanced society. Moreover, from the perspective of social
responsibilities of business entities, it is also necessary to judge values through the lenses of Corporate
Social Responsibility (CSR) and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors.
3. Contributions of the LPG industry to achieving the SDGs
In this chapter, we identified four goals (i.e., 7,9,11 and 13) among the 17 SDGs, which the LPG
industry is expected to tackle. Also, important tasks and action plans for achieving each goal are
individually described.
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LPG – supporting energy for our sustainable society and life
3.1 SDG7: Reliable energy, LPG

7. Affordable and Clean Energy
Ensure access to affordable, reliable,
sustainable and modern energy for all<Summary>
Easy storable and transportable LPG is a decentralized energy source which can be used toconstruct an efficient and stable supply chain system with less capital cost. Also, Japan has
established highly advanced and safety protection technologies, which are nowadays commonly
available in East Asian countries. In addition to our continuous efforts towards stable energy supply,
we will work for further utilization of renewable energy, including solar and wind power generation
on top of the research into biomass, so as to contribute to realizing a low-carbon/decarbonizedsociety.
1) Contributions by diversifying LPG supply sources and robust stockpiling/distribution infrastructure
Japan’s dependency on the Middle East countries stood at 85% of its LPG import in 2005. However,
due to the start of shale gas fracking in the U.S., today approximately 80% of import are covered by
the U.S. At the same time, various export projects are presently underway in Australia, Canada,
Russia, to name but a few.
Considering the continued international tensions, and the risks associated with passing through theStraits of Hormuz, it is clear that Japan’s LPG imports have established a much higher diversification
than crude oil which is still heavily reliant on supplies from the Middle East countries.
In contrast to the natural gas (LNG) imports which have no stockpile obligation system in Japan,
LPG is designed to ensure stable supply in case of emergency through the joint efforts by thegovernment and private sectors with 1.4 million tons in the national stockpile terminals (equivalent
to 50 days usage) and 1.1 million tons in private stockpile terminals (equivalent to 40 days usage).
In addition, LPG is stocked as a final product, which means LPG can be anytime used as it is without
a need to be re-processed as opposed to crude oil.
Regarding the LPG distribution network, 29 import terminals and 39 secondary terminals now exist
in Japan (JLPGA data), which completely supports the supply infrastructure. However, optimum
logistics with a more efficient distribution network can be constructed across Japan in the future byfurther consolidations and inter-operations between import/secondary terminals in accordancewith the development of IoT and AI technologies as envisioned by Society 5.0.
2) Global contributions through the development of LPG apparatus technologies and actions
towards operational safety
Japan is a leading country in the field of effective energy-saving technologies and utilization ofenergy. In the LPG sector, Japan has achieved significant development of the actual use of highly
efficient heaters, fuel cells, co-generation systems, gas heat pumps (GHP), etc., while keeping its
efforts to develop LPG-related apparatus to ensure safety. In the energy field, including the LPG
industry, Japan has achieved a unique development to protect the environment whilestrengthening safety measures and maintaining resilience through the joint efforts of thegovernment and the private sectors.
The “Strategic Energy Plan” revised in July 2018 urged the LPG industry to take more positive actions
towards further international contributions. In response to this, “LP Gas Seminar in Japan” has been
held every year under the cooperation with the primary LPG-producing and consuming countries.
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LPG – supporting energy for our sustainable society and life
Bearing three norms governing the Japanese LPG industry in mind (i.e., environment, safety andresilience), several Japanese LPG wholesalers have advanced their business activities, targeting
positive cooperation and penetration in/with Southeast Asian countries. Also, production and salesof cassette-type gas stoves and cartridges, which have been widely used in Japan as an easy andsafe application, are now in operation in China as well as the micro-computerized gas meters forsafety appliances.
With regard to the international movements, the World LPG Association (herein after referred to as“the WLPGA”) is proactively working to make LPG widely available and affordable in developing
countries. We, JLPGA, will support these activities and strengthen our cooperation with the WLPGA.
3) Activities towards renewable energy by the LPG industry
In the “LPG Vision in 2025 for LPG Industry” released by the JLPGA in 2018, we, JLPGA, expressed
our idea to study how we should utilize renewable energy in the LPG arena, including future possible
actions.
In addition, we had studied the following two possible action plans concerning the utilization of
biomass energy in order to meet the law called “The Act on Sophisticated Methods of Energy Supply
Structure” legislated in 2010:i) Mixing liquid fuel into LPG (mixture of bio-fuel into LPG)a) making use of bio-methanol for anti-freeze use, instead of using conventional methanol
additive agent (up to 2,400 ppm) during the winter, or b) blending up to 9% of di-methyl-ether(DME), which is produced from bio-methanol and has similar characteristics to LPG, into LPG iffurther concentration of mixture is needed.
ii) Effective use of LPG for diversified-power generation fueled by biomass energy (mixture of LPG
into bio-gas)
This study was made for the possible use of LPG for general-purposed power generation engine
fueled by biomass on top of its possible use for horticulture. It requires mixing LPG into bio-gas inorder to adjust and stabilize the calorific value of bio-gas which is produced from the process of
fertilization and reforming of bio-materials such as wood. Nowadays, this activity has been left tothe actions of private entities as a part of tools for LPG demand development.
Based on these methodologies, the JLPGA will proceed with further actions regarding therenewable energies, including solar and wind power generation. Also, we will explore innovative
ways that the LPG industry should move forward in the future by strengthening cooperation withthe government, industry and academia – such as research institutes and universities.
Regarding the international movements, especially in Europe, the WLPGA is conducting research
on LPG bio-energy and issued “Bio LP Gas Report” in 2018, which summarized the global movement
for bio-LPG production and consumption.
In the report, multiple issues were pointed out for addressing the further use of bio-energy such as
how costs derived from mandating bio-fuel should be shared, possible destruction of nature due tomanufacturing bio materials with using vegetable oil, and insufficient bio-LPG volume to cover; atmost 2% of total LPG demand for the time being. However, the report also described that if
advanced chemical processing technologies were to be developed, it could produce bio-LPG
from waste, etc., and ultimately cover 30% of global LPG demand in the future.
Furthermore, in the report “The Role of LPG and bio-LPG in Europe” issued by the WLPGA in 2019,it came up with a practical approach in order to facilitate realizing decarbonization; switching
petroleum-fueled equipment to that of LPG as a first step, and then to bio-LPG, while embracing avison to ultimately switch half of global LPG consumption to bio-LPG (except for petrochemical use)by 2050. We will continue to pay close attention to this move and study whether this approach
could be applicable to the Japanese LPG industry.

5LPG – supporting energy for our sustainable society and life
3.2 SDG9: Valuable energy of supporting our everyday life, LPG
9. Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
Build resilient infrastructure, promote
inclusive and sustainable industrialization,
and aim to expand technologicalinnovation<Summary>
Introduction of innovative and prospective IoT/AI technologies will not only lead to maintaining andimproving the resilient LPG logistics infrastructure, but also to creating high-value-added services
and providing them for our clients. Furthermore, we will accelerate our efforts to develop new
methodologies for manufacturing low-carbon/carbon-free LPG through innovative technologies,
such as via artificial photosynthesis, bio-LPG synthesis, Propanation (synthetic propane production),
etc. While existing power-grid networks are, to a great extent, forecast to be converted to a microgrid power distribution system (local production and local consumption) in the future, we will strive
to realize a society where LPG and electricity can smartly co-exist. Also, we will focus on introducing
innovative technologies, enhancing daily use of emergency power generation units, and further
diffusion of co-generation systems.
1) Introduction of IoT and AI technologies to maintain sustainable logistics
LPG is a decentralized energy and its distribution networks have been laid down across Japan. On
the other hand, keeping and maintaining the existing distribution infrastructures requires laborintensive maintenance costs as well as the manpower associated with it. There is a prospect thatissues on manpower shortage, declining birthrate, aging population, and depopulation in rural areas
will adversely affect every industry in the future. In order to maintain and to improve the existing
LPG distribution system, it is necessary to adopt revolutionary and prospective innovations via IoT
and AI as envisioned by “Society 5.0” in the highly sophisticated digital society.
Deregulation is also quite important. For example, allowing further implementation of RFID tags (ICtags) and other state-of-the-art devices will enable vendors to facilitate a collaboration among
themselves through sharing relevant data via AI technology and optimizing a complicateddistribution program while connecting LPG cylinders and/or delivery tools with computer networks.
The centralized LPG monitoring network has achieved a remarkable breakthrough and has showna great operational performance due to progress in IoT technology in recent years. Thanks to thedevelopment of Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) technology and increased data density, various
additional services for customers are expected to be added onto the existing core business (e.g.,safety management or automated meter reading).
Expectations are high on further rationalization of the existing distribution system. By obtaining
relevant data concerning distribution in real time in the future, information on procurement,
production, transportation, and sales can be immediately processed via AI/IoT technology, which
will enable distributors to optimize their supply chain and to promptly provide efficient services forcustomers located in less convenient places such as rural urban fringes, mountainous districts, andislands. Furthermore, in a country prone to natural disasters like Japan, it is an urgent task to secure
distribution routes from base terminals in case of emergencies. From this point, efficient use ofdrones will be essential. As drones are considered to bring benefits to LPG industry regarding therationalization of security management and so forth, further study on its effective use is required inorder to make best use of the technologies relating to drones in a prompt manner.
As far as the LPG sales in the Japanese retail market is concerned, sales by gauging consumption
volume which go through a gas meter attached to the cylinder is dominant (i.e., volume sales) as
opposed to the way of sales by measuring a weight of a cylinder without using a gas meter (i.e.,
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LPG – supporting energy for our sustainable society and life
weight sales). However, there are high expectations for the expansion of the weight sales in order
to meet a need for outdoor use, such as patio heaters, commercial BBQs, events, etc., as well as tomeet a demand for emergency power generators in case of blackout when disaster happens.
Therefore, we will seek more flexible and sustainable use of LPG by utilizing AI and IoT, while taking
measures to prevent accidents incurred under the sales by weight.
2) Development of revolutionary technology towards a carbon-neutral society (Artificial
photosynthesis, Propanation, etc.)
In 2016, Showa Shell Sekiyu K.K. issued a press release stating that they had succeeded insynthesizing methane and other hydrocarbons directly from water and CO2 with using artificial
photosynthesis technology. As a result of using its own metal catalyst, Showa Shell explained thatthey were able to convert solar energy to hydrocarbon at 0.71 efficiency. In addition, it wasreported in 2018 that Colombia University and Illinois University had succeeded in developing an
artificial photosynthesis that could produce hydrocarbon fuels, including LPG, from CO2.

Figure 2: Updated image from the URL of Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) based on
artificial photosynthesis – Decarbonization technology to convert CO2 into Hydrocarbons
Two patents have been registered in Japan by the University of Kita-Kyushu since 2016. The first
concerns a method of synthesizing methanol to yield hydrocarbons via the Fischer-Tropsch process,and the second concerns a method of producing hydrocarbons via additional catalytic reactionof methanol gained from the reaction of CO (carbon monoxide) or CO2 (carbon dioxide) and H2(hydrogen). Thus, it can be said that the underlying technologies for producing LPG from bio
materials have already been established.

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LPG – supporting energy for our sustainable society and life

Figure 3: The scheme for LPG synthesis(Source: Dissertation at Biomass Science Conference) *1
The Town gas industry in Japan has come up with a long-term environmental implementation planwith an emphasis on Methanation (synthetic methane production) technology. According to theplan, methane is to be produced by synthesizing recovered carbon dioxide and CO2-free hydrogenobtained by making use of surplus renewable electricity which would be widely available once
the full-fledged implementation of renewable energy policy has been made in the future.

Figure 4: Methanation (Source: METI URL*2)
Since the innovative technologies to synthesize hydrocarbons have been already developed andspecific research has been conducted, we will make efforts towards further development ofinnovative technologies which would enable us to manufacture LPG via artificial photosynthesis,bio feedstocks or synthesis reaction while utilizing CO2-free hydrogen and carbon dioxide (i.e.,
Propanation and Butanation) through the cooperation with the government, industry andacademia. (This item is closely linked to the SDGs 7: the role of renewable energy.)
Besides, in order to realize a carbon-neutral society, it is important for all the industries concerned
to cooperate towards utilizing technologies in the areas such as CO2 recovery and CO2-freehydrogen. However, an upcoming carbon-neutral society also needs to secure a stable energy
infrastructure in preparation for disasters. Consequently, it is vital for all, including policy makers, toshare an idea that LPG can perfectly co-exist with hydrogen as well as electricity in a carbonneutral society by playing a role in backing them up with utilizing an advantage LPG has as adecentralized energy.
*1 Selective Synthesis of Liquid Petroleum Gas from Biomass (Recycling of carbon dioxide), Kaoru
FUJIMOTO, Congming LI, Xingdong YUAN, Kazuo YOSHINO, Takashiro MUROI*2 The new movement of global warming countermeasures, implementation of New Energy andIndustrial Technology Development Organization (hereinafter ‘NEDO’, Methanation Technology)8

LPG – supporting energy for our sustainable society and life3) Alliance with Decentralized Micro-grid System
Installation of Emergency Power Generators with LPG bulk supply system (Notes) can not only help
continue supplying electricity in case of power outage, but also can support Decentralized Microgrid System combined with a solar, wind, and bio-mass power generation as indicated in The
Strategic Energy Plan. It is also expected that the LPG emergency power generators will work as a
backup, should renewable energy generators fail to generate enough power.
If the Smart Management Operation System coupled with IoT and AI were to be applied to LPGdriven decentralized power generation (e.g., emergency power generator, cogeneration system),then it would become an effective solution to promote renewable energy-based Micro-Grid in lightof the power supply chain’s localization. Therefore, we will address further study towards putting thisidea into practice. (This issue is also closely tied to SDG7, the role of renewable energy.)
Utilizing electricity and heat yielded from LPG-powered CHP (Combined Heat Power) or GHPs is
expected to contribute to materializing the concept of Compact City, which is a sustainable andefficient urban form advocated by the GOJ, where integrated public service, facilities andinfrastructure are provided. This approach may also help to promote entities like “Stadtwerke”,
which are the municipal-owned public utilities in German that provide electricity, gas and waterand operate related infrastructures.
(Notes)LPG bulk supply system
This is a filling supply system of LPG with a large storage (bulk) tank installed adjacent to theresidential houses, condominium, and commercial buildings. This system is a substitution fortraditional cylinder exchange system and the delivery to the tank is to be made by bulk lorry truck.
Through transporting massive bulk quantities of LPG at a time, there are multiple benefits, such as
realizing stable supply, rationalization of distribution, safety enhancement and improvement of
exterior view, and so forth, according to the Conference of LP Gas Associated Organizations.

Figure 5: Conceptual scheme of Decentralized Micro-grid System where LPG could contribute(Source: JLPGA)

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LPG – supporting energy for our sustainable society and life
3.3 SDG11: Resilient infrastructure of LPG
11. Sustainable Cities and Communities
Making towns and residences safe, strong
and sustainable<Summary>
Regardless of the degree of the SDGs achievement, natural disasters are inevitable, and the existing
infrastructure could collapse without warning. Network-based energy is vulnerable once a largescaled disaster happens. Therefore, it is important to enhance security measures in order to maintainand improve the energy supply stability by utilizing LPG, considering the fact that LPG is adecentralized and disaster-resilient energy. Disaster response capabilities can be significantly
improved by installing LPG bulk supply systems in the right places, coupled with an installation of
emergency power generator and GHP.
Also, in view of strengthening the transportation system’s resiliency, further promotion of Autogas
vehicles will be necessary so as to mitigate the impact of gasoline and diesel oil supply shortages
in case of disasters. In order to construct a robust and sustainable society, it is essential to have adecentralized energy source as an effective backup option, while pursuing a possibility where LPG
and electricity can smartly co-exist.
1) Introduction of bulk storage system for disasters
A “disaster response LPG bulk supply system” comprises an LPG bulk storage tank, supply
equipment (e.g., gas meters, gas hoses, pressure regulators) and consumption equipment (e.g.,
cooking caldrons, cooking stoves, space heaters, power generators). It is a stand-alone operation
system designed to ensure a safe and swift LPG supply recovery even in a tough situation where a
network-based electricity and/or town gas supply are disrupted by a large-scaled disaster, such as
earthquake or tsunami. Fortunately, we are seeing growing numbers of installations of this system,
backed by METI’s subsidy scheme.
Recently, LPG-fueled emergency power supply systems have proved to be very effective amid
earthquakes, storms, and flood damages. Besides, upon reviewing the massive and fatal
heatwaves experienced throughout the country in 2018, this bulk supply system, combined with apower generation for air-conditioning by GHP, has also started to be adopted by many schoolclassrooms, gymnasiums (designated as evacuation shelters during disasters), nursing homes, etc.
and the number of cases is increasing.
The fact that we are seeing a widespread increase in the use of emergency power generator and
GHP, coupled with a bulk supply system, is clear evidence that illustrates the positive
acknowledgement of LPG’s resilience capability by the public and private sectors. From theperspective that this system should be used as the most effective tool to strengthen resilienceagainst disasters, we will continue our advocacy efforts.

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LPG – supporting energy for our sustainable society and life

Figure 6: Disaster response of LPG disaster bulk system (Source: JLPGA)
It should be noted that 4.1billion yen (approx. 37million USD) of national budget was allocated in
the fiscal year 2020 as a part of the national resilience policy, which represents an increase of 30%
in comparison with that of 2019. In the fiscal year 2021, another 3.4billion yen budget (approx.
31million USD) was allocated. This fact shows that the important role of LPG as an effective resilience
counter measure has been widely acknowledged by the government.
2) Promoting Installation of emergency power generators for everyday use“Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake” in 2018 brought a wide-spread blackout for a couple of weeks
as well as the disruption of town gas supplies across Hokkaido area. Also, Typhoon No,15 in 2019brought a wide range of power losses caused by the disruption of power transmission networks.
Even in those situations, however, LPG demonstrated its prowess as a decentralized energy source;
LPG emergency power generators successfully continued providing heat and electricity in theareas where electricity and town gas supplies were cut off.
Although disasters are unpredictable, installation of LPG emergency power generator is a part ofeffective solutions to support a sustainable society. With this in mind, we will continue our
promotional activities to realize nationwide installations of LPG emergency power generators
coupled with the disaster bulk systems while strengthening our lobbying activities.
3) Promoting LPG-fueled GHP
In addition to the aforementioned measures for improving resiliency, LPG helps improve theschool’s learning environment; air-condition systems powered by GHP can alleviate the heat ofclassroom even though outside temperatures exceed 35°C.
Also, by using GHP and emergency power generators together with bulk storage systems at
shelters, it is possible to save precious lives that might otherwise be lost due to a disaster. In fact,lawmaker’s awareness, including municipalities, to introduce LPG-fueled GHP into elementary &junior high schools, which are designated as disaster shelters during an emergency, are rapidly
growing by using METI’s disaster bulk related subsidy or Ministry of Internal Affairs & Communication’sbudget in connection with disaster prevention and mitigation.
According to research conducted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology (MEXT) in September 2020, classrooms of public elementary & junior high schools with
air-conditioning systems (including EHP) have already reached 93.0% across Japan. On thecontrary, however, the rate for gymnasiums is still as low as 9.0%, notably LPG-fueled GHG systems(i.e., only 80 schools out of 36,000). Thus, the earliest and further installations to gymnasiums, which
are designated as evacuation shelters during an emergency, are strongly required.

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LPG – supporting energy for our sustainable society and life
In summary, introduction of eco-friendly LPG-fueled GHP air conditioning systems into classrooms
as well as into gymnasiums can improve not only the daily educational environment, but also canwork as emergency power generators, particularly at gymnasiums designated as evacuation
shelters during blackouts. Bearing these advantageous points LPG-fueled GHP have in mind, we
will strengthen our efforts towards further promotions and installations of the system.
4) Promoting LPG (Autogas) vehicles
LPG is an excellent energy which has been provided for half of all the households in Japan,
including depopulated areas and islands, and can safeguard people’s lives in case of disasters.
While details are described in the following chapter concerning the climate actions (3.4.4),
resiliency of LPG vehicles against disasters can be mainly attributed to the feature of LPG as adecentralized energy. Thus, installation of emergency power generators at more Autogas refuelingstations across Japan is required in light of constructing more robust infrastructures.
LPG taxis and LPG tanker trucks have successfully supported people’s lives even in a situation
where serious shortfalls of gasoline and diesel oil supplies occurred by massive natural disasters suchas the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake in 2018, North Osaka
Earthquake in 2019, and so forth. Considering the favorable perception bestowed to LPG both by
the end-users and administrators, we will continue our efforts to promote LPG vehicles.
3. 4 LPG’s actions towards global climate change
13. Climate Action
Taking urgent action against climatechange and its impacts.

<Summary>
The number of cases to switch from petroleum and other sources to LPG are growing when replacing
the home/commercial/industrial heating boilers and other equipment to more efficient ones, withtaking LPG’s eco-friendly aspects into account; LPG is an environmentally excellent fuel with low
CO2 emissions. LPG has also been used as a fuel for vehicles (Autogas) for more than a half century,with taking its advantage of less air pollutant feature on top of the low CO2 emissions.
Furthermore, it should be noted that expanding use for marine engine fuel is making progress inthese days amid the tightening marine fuel regulations. Besides, it was found that LPG is an effective
solution to control and eliminate the hydro-fluorocarbons (HFCs) to protect the ozone layer as wellas to prevent the global warming. In order to contribute to achieving net-zero emissions by the LPG
industry, we will also strengthen our approach to zero-energy houses and buildings (ZEH and ZEB).
1) Environmental contributions by promoting highly efficient heaters (Reduction of CO2 emissions)Home-use LPG combustion equipment being used in Japan is highly efficient. Furthermore, latent
heat recovery-type LPG water heater (i.e.,”Eco-Jozu”) can reduce CO2 emissions by 287 kg/year
per unit (data source : Rinnai ).
According to the Fuel Cell Promotion Association, energy efficiency of home-use fuel cells
cogeneration system (i.e., ENE-FARM), which supplies heat and power derived from gas/LPG, is 7080% as opposed to 35-40% in case of conventional power generators. Also, transmission losses are
remarkably small. In addition to making an effective use of electricity, primary energy consumption
can be reduced by 23% with CO2 emissions being reduced by 1,330 kg/year which is equivalent to
38% reduction per annum. Recently, a new type of ENE FARM was released with a disasterresponsive functions. The new model can also generate electricity even during power-outage. We
are promoting ENE FARM in order to realize an affluent society with enhanced disaster response
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LPG – supporting energy for our sustainable society and life
capabilities in harmony with the environment.
The efficiency of GHP is also improving. According to our own data, GHP’s power consumption isabout 1/10th (about 1/100th, if it has a power generation function) in comparison to electric air
conditioners. Also, GHP is expected to cut peak power and play a key role in disaster response.
With these points in mind, we will continue our efforts to actively promote LPG-fueled GHP.
2) LCI evaluation of LPG and fuel conversion
Environmental assessments on LPG were conducted as a part of the survey titled "Life cycle
inventory analysis of fossil fuel energy in Japan" promoted by the Institute of Energy Economics,
Japan (IEEJ) in 1999, as well as the "Greenhouse gas emission survey in kitchens, air conditioning,and power generation" by the Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE).
In response to the aforementioned analysis, the JLPGA conducted a survey titled “Evaluation ofenvironmental aspects of LPG-LCI (Life Cycle Inventory) analysis" in 2009 with a cooperation by the
Nippon Institute of Technology so as to make our own environmental assessment on LPG. According
to the analysis, LPG shows an excellent environmental performance as listed below (Table 1): theemissions factor of LPG is 65.71 g-CO2/MJ (73.98 for oil) and the index benchmarked on petroleum
as 1.00 is 0.89. This numerical analysis has been widely referred when evaluating the LPG’senvironmental aspects.
Table 1 CO2 emissions (LCI) including production and transportation stages (Source: JLPGA)
Index
Emission factor（g-CO2/MJ）
Oil
Coal
LNG
City gas
LPG

73.98
94.98
61.57
62.95
65.71

1.00
1.28
0.83
0.85
0.89

Taking the exceptional benefits of LPG into account, LPG is often preferably selected not only forresidential use but also for industrial use by entities which put emphasis on the environment when
considering to switch from oil-based fuels.
Particularly, with regard to the usage for boilers and furnace fuels in industrial sectors, fuelconversion from heavy fuel oil (CFO) to LPG is rapidly progressing. This fact demonstrates that
increasing numbers of industrial customers recognize that reducing greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions is a social obligation and LPG is an effective solution to contribute to the environment.
For example, according to the latest information obtained by the JLPGA and Nikkan Kogyo
Shimbun (Daily Industry Press), a food manufacturer in Mie Prefecture decided to switch from thelight heavy fuel oil boilers that they had been using until June 2019 to LPG boilers. There were several
reasons behind their decision: improving safety, reducing maintenance work or lightening theburdens of fuel stock control. The biggest reason, however, to switch was that LPG provided themwith a sense of security and environmental friendliness.
Please refer to the website below for the examples of fuel conversion.
http://www.j-lpgas.gr.jp/nenten/index.html (Japan LP Gas Association website)
https://newswitch.jp/p/19021 (Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun: New Switch website)3) LPG fueled vessels
Since 2020, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has strengthened regulations on sulfur
content in ship fuel from 3.5% to max 0.5%, and its compliance is urgent. In order to reduce thesulfur content, three options are now being indicated: switching to the use of ultra-low sulfur oil(compliant oil), fitting a scrubber device, or switching to LNG-fueled vessels. At present, switching
to costly compliant oil is considered as the immediate response, but the burden of fuel costs will
have a large impact on the global economy.
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LPG – supporting energy for our sustainable society and life
Over 200 LNG-fueled vessels are already in service, while LPG-fueled vessels are still at thedevelopment stage. However, there is almost no difference between LNG and LPG on the aspectof environmental performance: SOx emissions are reduced by 90-97%, CO2 emissions are reduced
by 20% (LNG: 23%) compared to heavy fuel oil, while NOx reduction rate can be expected to bealmost equal to that of LNG. In addition, LPG is easier to handle than LNG in light of the boiling point(i.e., minus 42°C (propane) versus LNG’s minus 167°C). Also, LPG-fueled vessels have another big
advantage: existing infrastructure can be used for bunkering when supplying bunker fuel.
In Japan, Kawasaki Heavy Industry is leading a development of newly-built LPG-fueled vessels asshown in Fig. 7, and more than 40 large LPG carriers (VLGC) with LPG-fueled main engines havealready been ordered to be newly built or retrofitted as of February 2021.
Considering that IMO regulations will extend to GHG emissions in the near future, adopting LPGfueled engines not only to LPG carrier but also to commercial ships, including small and mediumsized ones, are strongly expected, although several technical issues have remained to be resolves.
We will continue watching the development of LPG-fueled vessels while maintaining close
cooperation with the related organizations.
In addition to the aforementioned damage to the atmosphere, adopting a seawater “open loop”
scrubber system that dumps wastewater as-is into the seawater after desulfurization has anotherproblem as far as the protection of the marine environment. In fact, many countries areapprehensive that this is dumping pollutants directly into the territorial waters. If LPG-fueled vessels
are adopted, instead, those concerns over marine pollution, including bunker oil spills and drainage
problems, will be mitigated, thereby leading to a contribution to the SDG14 (conserve and sustain
the ocean, seas and marine resources), in addition to the SDG13.
Figure 7: LPG vessels (Source: JLPGA)

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LPG – supporting energy for our sustainable society and life4) LPG (Autogas) vehicles
Autogas vehicles began full-scale production in 1961 and became popular mainly for the use oftaxis. As indicated by the CO2 emission factor in section 2) of this chapter, LPG affords superior
environmental performance to petroleum-based fuels (gasoline or diesel oil) and contains less sulfur.
Therefore, it is safe to say that LPG vehicles with less SOx and NOx, emissions in comparison with thepetroleum-based engine contribute to reducing CO2 emissions and improving air quality in thetransport sector. In addition to the use for taxi and passenger cars, LPG vehicles are being used as
LPG cylinder delivery trucks and commercial vehicles, which are centered on the “core LPG filling
stations” in line with the government policy, to improve Autogas supplying networks. New moves
are also in progress, such as the introduction of retrofitted LPG commercial vehicles that come withportable Autogas dispense system.
Countries in Europe such as the U.K. and France regulate the entry of diesel vehicles and oldfashioned internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles in major cities, while LPG vehicles are notsubject to such regulations.
LPG consumption by Autogas vehicles worldwide stood at 27,211 thousand tons in 2019 (8% of
total LPG consumption) and the total number of Autogas vehicles was 27,749 thousand with 81,474
auto gas stations, according to the WLPGA. On the other hand, Autogas consumption in Japan
during the same period was 773 thousand tons/year and the total number of Autogas vehicles
was193,000 with 1,396 auto gas stations. It would be safe to say that Japan is a relatively advanced
country in terms of Autogas vehicle’s utilization.
Also, using Autogas vehicles for delivery trucks purpose as well as for the commercial use is quite
effective from the standpoint of securing supply sustainability as described in 3.4); we can utilize thestockpiles in the tank of delivery terminals by directly refueling Autogas vehicles at the site during
emergencies. In addition, a new model of LPG hybrid vehicle for taxis (JPN TAXI) was released by
Toyota Motor Corp. in 2017, and we can now see the model running in every city in Japan. The
dissemination of LPG hybrid car is now a global phenomenon and studies are reportedly underway
towards introducing LPG hybrid cars in countries with high LPG quality control capabilities. On theother hand, the number of Autogas vehicles (including taxi and truck use) in Japan is continuously
declining due to lack of public relations activities, limited new models, shrinking Autogas refuelingstation networks, and so forth. We need to consider countermeasures so as to stop this negative
trend.
5) Elimination of Hydro-fluorocarbons (HFCs)
Under the “Long-term Strategy based on the Paris Agreement”, which was adopted by the
Cabinet Council in June 2019 and became an international commitment, “abolition of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)” is an important issue for Japan in terms of not only ozone layer protection,
but also climate change countermeasures. Recognizing this, it clearly stated that measures should
be taken in accordance with the international frameworks as well as the internal laws andregulations, and the movement to use natural refrigerants is rapidly proceeding. Although LPG(propane, butane) is a hydrocarbon fuel, it has a low greenhouse effect and is quite effective incontrolling and eliminating hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).
For the use of refrigerant, LPG has already been used in home appliances such as refrigerators,
and research on whether it is possible to substitute the hydro-fluorocarbons (HFCs) with LPG and use
without purging HFCs has been conducted mainly in Southeast Asia. If innovative technologies aredeveloped, it is expected that the role LPG can play in the area of eliminating HFCs will greatly
advance and that the environmental contributions of LPG will be enhanced. Thus, further study on
disseminating LPG for the use of refrigerant is required.
6) Approaches to net-zero-emissions by LPG
LPG is a primary energy source produced mainly by gas-producing countries, followed by refineries
or chemical plants, which accounts for roughly 20% of total LPG supply in Japan. Although it is an
undeniable fact that LPG emits CO2 due to its nature as a fossil fuel, LPG industry can contribute
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LPG – supporting energy for our sustainable society and life
towards net zero emissions through the voluntary actions taken by everyone involved in the LPG
industry to work on steady energy-saving in line with the approach expressed in this report.
In the "4th Strategic Energy Plan" adopted by the Cabinet Council in April 2014, it is stated that the
GOJ should aim to achieve ZEB (net Zero Energy Building) [1], on the average, in newly-constructedpublic and private buildings by 2030.
ZEB is a building with an annual net primary energy (fossil fuel) consumption around zero (or less)by combining the following measures for self-sufficient energy. (N.B., This section is also closely
related to the role of SDG7 for renewable energy and the role of SDG9 for microgrids.)


Energy saving of building structures and equipment
Utilization of renewable and unused energy
Effective and mutually-supportive use of energy within a region

As the first step for the LPG industry to contribute to achieving net-zero emission by means of ZEB
and/or ZEH (Net Zero Energy House) [2], following measures should be incorporated to address theissue;- energy-saving / introduction of high-efficient equipment (e.g., GHP, LED lighting)- reduction of energy consumption (e.g., solar shading, heat insulation improvement)- introduction of renewable energy (e.g., solar power generation, biomass power generation)

Figure 8: Conceptual diagram of ZEH/ZEB (Source: JLPGA)(Notes)1 ZEH: Net Zero Energy HouseZEH is a house with a goal to make annual net primary energy consumption around zero by saving
as much energy as possible while maintaining a comfortable indoor environmental quality. This canbe achieved through heat insulation, highly efficient equipment, and introducing renewableenergy.
2 ZEB: Net Zero Energy Building

ZEB is a building with a goal to make annual net primary energy consumption around zero bysaving as much energy as possible while maintaining a comfortable indoor environmental quality.
This can be achieved by controlling the energy load through an advanced architectural design,
actively using natural energy with an adoption of “passive” technology, introducing highly efficientequipment, and renewable energy to raise energy independency to the utmost.

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LPG – supporting energy for our sustainable society and life
Chapter 3: Conclusions (Contributions of LPG industry to the SDGs and our proposals for theimportant role of the LPG industry)<Contributions of LPG industry to the SDGs>
In this report, we identified four goals on which the LPG industry should focus to achieve the SDGs
and came up with an action plan to address the issue. Our society is continuously changing withvaried and unpredictable elements entangled in a complex manner. Amid such circumstances, we
believe it would be meaningful to show the ways we need to strive in line with the SDGs, whileproperly recognizing various challenges that should not be overlooked to achieve the goals.
With this in mind, we would like to emphasize the following four points which represent thevalue and usefulness of LPG:
1) LPG, as a decentralized energy, has an advantage of sustainability and can support our society
and lives through the LPG industry’s secured distribution system: SDG72) LPG has an excellent disaster response capability as demonstrated in the large-scaled disasters
that have occurred in the past: LPG’s supply chain recovered much quicker than other energy
sources. LPG will continue sustaining our daily life even in the event of disasters: SDG93) LPG and electricity should intelligently co-exist and mutually complement each other from anenergy security perspective by leveraging LPG’s advantageous points despite its nature as fossil
fuel: SDG114) Thanks to its lower CO2 emission, LPG is an eco-friendly energy not only suitable for consumer use,
but also for the industrious use (switching to LPG) as well as for the Autogas vehicles: SDG13<Proposals for important role of LPG industry>
The powerful Typhoon No.15 in 2019 brought a record-breaking wind to Chiba Prefecture, which
destroyed hundreds of power poles as well as the high & low voltage power networks and led tothe massive power outages in vast areas for a couple of weeks. This fact reminds us of a potential
risk that even a mega city, such as Tokyo, may face greater dangers in the future as we saw inChiba Prefecture.
Amid the serious risks as described above, we need to say that the monochronic energy policy that renewal energy is the only solution to be set as the main power source for a long-term
environmental countermeasure - is not a sustainable approach from a viewpoint of resilience.
Unless we have supplementary fuels, which can back-up our energy infrastructure in a sustainable
manner when facing with an unexpected power cut and consequent damages, sustainable
society cannot be realized in a true meaning. In other words, unconventional changes in our
mindset will be required in order to achieve and realize the SDGs; it is essential to establish a way of
thinking that LPG should be utilized as a decentralized energy source so as to construct asustainable social infrastructure.
In order to take climate change action by the LPG industry, in-depth consideration should be given
to help realize a carbon neutral society and to enhance affinity between LPG and renewableenergy. Especially, further efforts should be directed to the implementation of future-oriented
actions such as development of innovative technologies to produce bio-LPG, synthesis LPG (i.e.,
Propanation), integration of LPG emergency generators into micro-grid system, and so forth.
In summary, it is necessary for all members of our society to share public awareness on the positive
use of low carbon fossil fuels such as LPG, in light of well-balanced energy-mix while recognizingthat LPG can play an important role as a decentralized energy source. In addition, bold andaggressive actions in well-organized ways through collaboration between the government, industry
and academia are required to achieve the SDGs. Bearing these points in mind, those who are
involved in the LPG industry should enhance our efforts to address these issues in a constructive
manner so that LPG can be continuously chosen by this society as a favorable energy source.

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LPG – supporting energy for our sustainable society and life18

LPG – supporting energy for our sustainable society and life
Attached document 1: Other policies involving LPG
Following is the summary of the GOJ’s energy policies and action plans in connection with the LPG
industry in addition to the outline of the relevant issues such as SDGs and the Paris Agreement thatare closely linked to context of this report;
1. Strategic Energy Plan
The GOJ released its 5th Strategic Energy Plan in July 2018. Under this plan, direction for further
development of our social economy, improvement of citizen’s life and contributions to thesustainable development of this world were shown based on the stable, long-lasting andautonomous energy supply. It also emphasized the importance of realizing a stable energy
supply & demand structure with less burden on the economy as well as on the environment
under the principle of S+3E (Safety, Energy security, Environment and Economic efficiency).
With regard to LPG, which accounts for 3% of primary energy and 5% of final energy
consumption in Japan, the GOJ placed an emphasis on its status as a “Last Resort” energy
supply in case of disasters, while committing itself to reviewing a relevant measure for further
enhancement of disaster response capability.
2. National Resilience Plan
The National Resilience Plan was legislated in June 2014, and was revised in December 2018.
Under the basic concept of the revised Plan, additional policies were shown such as building an“autonomous, decentralized and cooperative” national land infrastructure as well as
strengthening measures against climate change. The Plan also indicated the importance toseek energy diversification of transport fuels.
Furthermore, the Plan urged that the LPG industry should strive to reinforce its disaster response
capability on its distribution infrastructure by securing and maintaining the national LPG
stockpile, in addition to maintaining and strengthening the functions of LPG filling stations as wellas to promoting installation of private power generators at key facilities (such as evacuation
centers) while regularly replenishing the stockpile in preparation for disasters.
3. Long-term Strategy under the Paris Agreement
The GOJ’s “Long-term Strategy under the Paris Agreement” was submitted to the secretariat
office of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in June 2019 after the cabinet
adoption, and was released at the G20 Osaka meeting so as to show the GOJ’s standpoint tocommit to the Paris Agreement.
Following is the summary of the strategy:1) Aiming to accomplish its ambitious and ultimate goal of “decarbonized society” as early as
possible in the second half of this century with a decision to boldly take measures towards
reducing GHG emissions by 80% by 2050.
2) Implementing actions to realize a “virtuous circle of environment and growth” through theswift and discontinuous business-driven innovation with an aim of contributing to the worldand establishing a bright future.
This strategy emphasizes the importance of achieving a decarbonized society while maximizing
the co-benefit with other SDGs as well as the contribution to climate change thought theimplementation of the “Society5.0” (described below) which shows a direction towards resolvingsocial issues and creating values by means of a digital revolution, people’s imagination, andcreativity with the harmonic interactions in the energy, mobility, and digitalization fields.
4. Strategy for Revolutionary Innovation of the Environment
An enormous amount of money will be required for realizing the above-mentioned Long-term
Strategy under the Paris Agreement. Based on the government’s estimates, seven trillion US dollars
per year worldwide will be required to achieve a two-degree centigrade target. It will need further
costs to realize the promise of our more ambitious efforts - a 1.5 degree centigrade target.
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LPG – supporting energy for our sustainable society and life
In order to reduce GHG emissions at global level, it is crucial to develop discontinuous innovationand to implement it into society without delay at an attainable cost.
The “Environment Revolution Strategy” released in January 2020 by the GOJ was based on the
aforementioned Long-term Strategy and consisted of the following three points:
I1) “Innovation Action Plan” which stated concrete cost targets for five fields and 16 technical issues.
2) “Acceleration Plan” which stated the research system and measures to promote investment torealize them.
3) “Zero Emission Initiatives” which will correspond and be co-created with global leaders to realize
the social implementation.
Under this strategy, it is aimed to develop innovative technology and its implementation into
society for realizing a carbon neutral world by 2050 in line with a goal stipulated in the strategy.
5. Society 5.0
Under the “5th Basic Plan for Science and Technology” issued in 2018, the GOJ proposed therealization of a super smart society called “Society 5.0”. It follows the current information society
called “Society 4.0” where various environmental and social problems have surfaced the world
while digital technologies have witnessed a significant progress and new era called Digital
Transformation (DX) is approaching. In “Society 5.0”, people would become able to create newvalues through their imagination and creativity derived from the use of DX. Also, “Diversity,”“Decentralization,” “Resilience” and “Sustainability while living with nature would be the key
phrases. It aims to build a society in which whoever, wherever, whenever – everyone could live
safely together with nature and could create value.
6. ESG Investment
CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) is understood to be the responsibility and mission companies
need to promote. On the other hand, under the ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance)
concept, evaluations shall be made, considering the company’s non-financial status of its efforts
and actions on environmental, social and governance factors from the long-term viewpoint ofinvestors.
Particularly in recent years, investment criteria are shifting to take a closer look at company’s
activities than ever on how the company’s business is aligning with the SDGs. This movement iscalled “ESG” and is becoming more prominent worldwide￥

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LPG – supporting energy for our sustainable society and life

Attached Drawing 1: Relation to CSR, ESG and SDGs

Attached Drawing 2: The positioning of ‘LPG Long Term Contribution’ and various policies
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LPG – supporting energy for our sustainable society and life
Attached document 2: Correlation between the SDGs and the roles of LPG

Goal 7:
Targets
7.1 By 2030, ensure universal access toaffordable, reliable and modern energy
services
7.a
By
2030,
enhanceinternational
cooperation to facilitate access to clean
energy research and technology, including
renewable energy, energy efficiency andadvanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology,
andpromoteinvestmentinenergyinfrastructure and clean energy technology

Roles of LPG
3.1 1) Contribute by diversifying LPG supply source
and robust stockpiling / distribution infrastructure
3.1 2) International contribution by sharing thedevelopmental techniques of LPG apparatus andactions for operational safety in Japan

Goal 9:Targets
9.4 By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit
industries to make them sustainable, withincreased resource-use efficiency andgreater
adoption
of
clean
and
environmentally sound technologies andindustrial processes, with all countries taking
action in accordance with their respective
capabilities

Roles of LPG
3.2 1) Introduction of IoT and AI technologies tomaintain sustainable logistics
3.2 2) Development of revolutionary technology
towards
decarbonization/hydrogensociety(Artificial photosynthesis and Propanation etc.)
3.2 3) Alliance with decentralized Micro-grid
SystemGoal 11:
Targets
11.2 By 2030, provide access to safe,
affordable, accessible and sustainabletransport systems for all, improving road safety,
notably by expanding public transport, withspecial attention to the needs of those invulnerable situations, woman, children,
persons with disabilities and older persons
11.7 By 2030, provide universal access to safe,
inclusive and accessible, green and public
spaces, in particular for women and children,
older persons and persons with disabilities

Roles of LPG
3.3 1) Introduction of bulk storage system fordisaster
3.3 2) Promoting permanent installation of
emergency generators
3.3 4) Promoting LPG vehicles
3.3 3) Promoting LPG-fueled GHP

Goal 13:
Targets
13.1 Strengthen resilience and adaptive
capacity to climate-related hazards andnatural disasters in all countries
13.2 Integrate climate change measures into
national policies, strategies and planning

Roles of LPG
3.4 1) Environmental contribution by promoting
highly efficient heaters (Reduction of CO2)
3.4 2) LCI evaluation of LPG and Fuel conversion
3.4 3) LPG vessels
3.4 4) LPG vehicles
3.4 5) Elimination of CFC’s (Chlorofluorocarbons)
3.4 6) Activities towards Net-zero-emission of LPG

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LPG – supporting energy for our sustainable society and life

Japan LP Gas Association (JLPGA)

June 17, 2020
Revised in March,2021(Unauthorized reproduction prohibited)23