The Japanese Journal of American Studies, No. 14 (2003)

English-Language Works by JAAS Members
2001
The following citations and abstracts introduce recent publications and dissertations, written in English by the members of the Japanese Association for
American Studies, on topics related to American Studies. The works are listed
in the order of articles in journals, articles in books, books, and dissertations.

ARTICLES IN JOURNALS
Aimoto, Motoko. “Beyond the Boundaries of Women’s Sphere: Phelps’s The
Gates Ajar and Alcott’s Little Women,” Libra (Kobe Pharmaceutical University
in Humanities and Mathematics) 2 (2001): 1–22.
Reexamining the concept of “home” in Phelps’s The Gates Ajar and Alcott’s Little
Women, we can reevaluate these two bestsellers conventionally labeled as sentimental
and moralistic. Though they were totally different in their aims, the two female writers
both express in their novels the ‘women’s power’ which allowed them to transcend theboundaries of the domestic sphere.

Asai, Rieko. “Commemoration of Hiroshima Day in the Antinuclear Weapons
Movement in the United States, 1950–1955: The Case of the Fellowship of Reconciliation,” The Tsuda Review (Tsuda College) 46 (2001): 1–26.
Drawing on new perspectives on memory, this paper examines the way in which peaceorganizations publicly commemorated August 6, also known as Hiroshima Day, on theﬁfth and tenth anniversaries of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, focusing on the commemorative activities conducted by a religious-paciﬁst organization, the American Fellowship of Reconciliation.

Fujita, Hideki. “Feminine Otherness in John Steinbeck’s ‘The Snake’,” Journalof the Faculty of Humanities (Toyama University) 34 (2001): 133–40.

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In John Steinbeck’s “The Snake,” the mysterious woman embodies feminine otherness.
The identiﬁcation of the woman with the snake reﬂects a traditional cultural positioningof women at the border between culture and nature. Moreover, through the association
with Medusa, she takes on the image of the mother as the primal other against which theson becomes an individual subject.

Hayashi, Yoshikatu. “Discrepancies between Rhetoric and Realities: U.S. Commitments to Its Major Wars during the Last Hundred Years,” The Japanese
Journal of American Studies 12 (2001): 15–40.
This article analyzes the rhetoric employed by successive administrations in justiﬁcation of America’s wars during the last hundred years as well as the realities of how
American soldiers fought these wars, revealing the discrepancies between the two. In sodoing, the author deals with the cases of the Spanish-Cuban-Filipino-American War, thetwo World Wars, and the Vietnam War.

Ishihara, Tsuyoshi. “Onoto Watanna’s The Heart of Hyacinth: Miscegenationin America at The Turn of the Century,” The Yale-China Journal of American
Studies (The Yale-China Association) 2 (2001): 82–88.
This essay discusses the relationship between Onoto Watanna’s best-selling novel, The
Heart of Hyacinth (1904), and the issue of miscegenation in America at the turn of the20th century. In particular, this essay shows how explicitly this story criticizes the common American prejudice against inter-racial marriage between an Asian man and a white
American woman.

Ishii, Izumi. “ ‘Not A Wigwam Nor Blanket Nor Warwhoop’: Cherokees andthe Woman’s Christian Temperance Union,” Journal of American and Canadian Studies (Institute of American and Canadian Studies, Sophia University)
18 (2000): 1–15.
In the late-nineteenth-century Cherokee Nation, Cherokee women fought the ﬁnal battle against alcohol. This paper examines the ways in which the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union provided a place for Cherokee and American women to work together
for the common cause of temperance.

Ishii, Osamu. “U.S. Foreign Policy in the Twentieth Century,” Japan Review
of International Affairs 15–2 (Summer 2001): 130–146.
This article sees US foreign policy in the twentieth century through the lens of “liberal,
democratic, capitalist” values which seem to have featured in the United States’ attitude
toward foreign countries. It also takes a look at the close relationship the US has had
throughout the century with Great Britain, with which it has shared not only a language
and culture but also a value system.

Itoh, Shoko. “Poe, Faulkner, and Gothic America,” The Faulkner Journalof Japan [Internet Magazine] (3 September 2001). Available from http://
www.senshu-u.ac.jp/~thb0559/No3/Itoh.htm.

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In a multicultural environment with the crossing of the color-line in progress, the theory of the Gothic as a genre that has inherited the disturbance planted at the time of national birth is now undergoing a great change. In this paper, ﬁrst considering Poe’s Gothic
classics, Pym and “The Black Cat” and next comparing “The Fall of the House of Usher”
with Faulkner’s Absalom, Absalom!, I discuss how Poe and Faulkner change the general grammar of the Gothic as a literary mode to accommodate the expression of the repressed.

Kamioka, Nobuo. “Support Our Troops: The U.S. Media and the Narrative of
the Persian Gulf War,” The Japanese Journal of American Studies 12 (2001):
15–40.
During the Persian Gulf War, through their news coverage and programming, the major
U.S. TV networks aided the U.S. military and government in creating a consensus among
Americans in support of the war; this paper reveals the nature, agency and function of
the narrative that was constructed to achieve this aim.

Nakamura, Rika. “Resistance, ‘Asian Women,’ and Agency: Culturalism andthe Idea of Social Injustice in Mitsuye Yamada’s Work,” America Bungaku(Tokyo Branch of the American Literature Society of Japan) 62 (2001): 1–13.
The article examines how Yamada’s early work gives cultural explanations for the causes of social injustice as it attributes the perceived absence of resistance among JapaneseAmericans to the inherited values of their “root” Japanese culture. This culturalist explanation, the article argues, runs the risk of dehistoricizing and depoliticizing the issue ofsocial injustice.

Ochiai, Akiko. “The Port Royal Experiment Revisited: Northern Visions ofReconstruction and the Land Question,” New England Quarterly 74 (2001):
94–117.
By focusing on representative participants (Rufus Saxton, Edward Philbrick, andWilliam Gannett) in the South Carolina Sea Islands’ land sales during 1863 and 1864,
this article articulates northern visions of reconstructing the South. Although well-intentioned, these diverse and ambivalent visions ultimately undermined freed people’s
efforts to own land and secure their newly-gained freedom.

Oishi, Taro. “Ethnic Persistence of the Acadians and its Characteristics in New
Brunswick, Canada,” Geographical Review of Japan (Ser. B) 74 (2001):
117–131.
In this paper, the author examines the ethnic persistence of the Acadians, a francophonegroup in New Brunswick, Canada. In southeastern New Brunswick, because endogamy
is still dominant, the French language is maintained as their mother tongue in all generations. It is also important for the Acadians that Moncton has developed as a regional
city in Maritime Canada. The Acadians maintain their traits and play an important rolein the development of New Brunswick.

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Sasaki, Takuya. “The Eisenhower Administration’s Containment Policy andEast-West Exchanges, 1955–60 (Conclusion),” Rikkyo Hogaku 57 (January2001): 22–57.
The Eisenhower administration launched the peaceful penetration of the Soviet Union
in the form of East-West exchanges in the late 1950s. Its cultural and ideological offensive played a role in undermining the legitimacy of the Soviet government from withinand proved to be decisive in determining the ultimate outcome of the Cold War.

Shibayama, Futoshi. “The U.S. Military’s Internal Controversies on American
Security Requirements in Japan between September and December 1949,” The
Journal of Information and Policy Studies, Aichi Gakuin University 3–2 (March
2001): 1–24.
The U.S. Military’s memorandum of December 23, 1949, commonly known as “a masterpiece of understatement,” imposed impossible security requirements relating to a
Japanese peace treaty on the State Department. This article clariﬁes the U.S. military’s
internal controversies regarding the requirements among the Far East Command, theJoint Strategic Survey Committee, and the U.S. Army General Staff.

Takai, Yukari. “Shared Earnings, Unequal Responsibilities: Paid Work ofSingle French-Canadian Immigrant Women in Lowell, Massachusetts,” Labour/Le travail (Canadian Committee on Labour History) 47 (Spring 2001):
115–132.
This study reveals the considerable variability in the lives of single wage-earning womenof French Canadian descent as they contributed ﬁnancially to their household economies
in early twentieth century Lowell. It challenges a prevailing view of single wage-earning women as a homogeneous group whose members equally shared ﬁnancial responsibilities toward their parents’ households.

Takai, Yukari. “The Family Networks and Geographic Mobility of FrenchCanadian Immigrants in Early Twentieth-Century Lowell, Massachusetts,”
Journal of Family History 26, 3(July 2001): 373–394.
This article sheds light on a complex and gender-speciﬁc perspective of French Canadian
immigrants’ southward movements by examining several issues of the migratory processincluding the geographic itineraries, occupational experiences, and migratory networks
of French Canadian immigrants in early twentieth-century Lowell, Massachusetts.

Takeda, Okiyoshi. “One Year After the Sit-In: Asian American Students’ Identities and Their Support for Asian American Students,” Journal of Asian
American Studies (Association for Asian American Studies) 4 (June 2001):
147–164.

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This article updates the author’s previous work on Asian American college students at
Princeton University with unused interview data and discussion of pedagogical issues.
Addressing a U.S. audience, it discusses strategies to broaden student support for Asian
American Studies, in particular the need for outreach to non-activist students who mainly associate with Caucasian students in their daily life.

Takeda, Okiyoshi. (with James S. Lai, Wendy K. Tam Cho, and Thomas P.
Kim). “Campaigns, Elections, and Elected Ofﬁcials,” PS: Politics and Political
Science (American Political Science Association) 34 (September 2001): 611–
617.
This article is published as one of the six collected for a special symposium issue on
Asian American politics. It provides an overview of Asian American political representation in federal, state, and local elective ofﬁces, with particular focus on the districts
and activities of current and former Asian American members of Congress.

Uno, Hiroko. “Geology in Emily Dickinson’s Poetry,” in Kobe College Studies
141 (2001): 1–26.
In this paper I examine the way Emily Dickinson incorporated her knowledge of geology, especially that of fossils and volcanoes, gained from school textbooks, principallythose written by Edward Hitchcock, and from the magazine The Atlantic Monthly, into
her poetry. I also show how deeply the knowledge was connected with her own way oflife and her poetry.

Yamaguchi, Tomoko. “Imagined Reconciliation: Post-redress Annals of Three
Generation North American Women,” Journal of the Society of English andAmerican Literature (Kwansei Gakuin University) 45–2 (2001): 96–112.
After the achieving of redress in 1988, Japanese American literature made one visible
turnabout—from factualism to ﬁctionalism. By analyzing the four annals of three-generation Japanese American/Canadian women, I conclude that the present focus of thewriters is to seek for their distant roots, with which the reconciliation can be feasible
only through imaginary discourse.

Yasuoka, Masaharu. “State Mandates: A View from the State-Local Governmental Relations in the United States.” Kindai (Faculty of Cross-Cultural
Studies, Kobe University) 87 (March 2001): 1–20.
This article seeks to explore the increasing signiﬁcance of state mandates as the meansfor controlling local governments. Focusing on the area of land use control policy, thisarticle shows the conditions needed to facilitate intergovernmental partnership between
state and local governments by way of state mandates.

Yokota, Kazunori. “Eternal Wandering and Human Fallibility: On Nathaniel
Hawthorne’s ‘A Virtuoso’s Collection’ and William Austin’s ‘Peter Rugg
Tales’,” Tokai English Review (Tokai English Literary Society) 8 (2001):
27–42.

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According to Harry Levin, Peter Rugg “. . . for a while . . . became a quasi-proverbial
harbinger of the storm,” and Hawthorne is sure to have read these tales at Bowdoin,
where he was a college student from 1821 to 1825. This study inquires into the cause ofeternal human wandering, starting from Hawthorne’s reasons for mentioning Peter Rugg
as a way of introducing the reader to his novel.

Yoshida, Kayoko. “Oral History as Immigrant Women’s History: Finnish
American Women in the Western Mining Community of Red Lodge, Montana,”
The Yale-China Journal of American Studies (Yale-China Association), 2(2001): 97–102.
The aim of this research is to recreate the lives of Finnish immigrant women in a booming coal town in the heart of the Rocky Mountains in the early 20th century. Work, family life, and leisure activities are explored through personal interviews and oral history
records, highlighting how immigrant women established themselves in a frontier community.

ARTICLES IN BOOKS
Hones, Sheila. “Distant Disasters, Local Fears: Volcanoes, Earthquakes, Revolution and Passion in The Atlantic Monthly, 1880–84,” in American Disasters,edited by Stephen J. Biel, 170–196. New York: New York University Press,
2001.
Focusing on descriptions and images of volcanoes, earthquakes, and ﬂoods in the Atlantic
Monthly 1880–84, this is a case study analysis of the rhetorical process through which ageographical interest in distant disasters provides a safe textual framework for the exploration of local social problems and shared areas of immediate cultural or political concern.

Kitagawa Otsuru, Chieko. “Toward a Solid Civic Triangle: Emerging Relationships between Citizens, Civil Society, and Local Governance,” In The Age ofCreolization in the Paciﬁc: In Search of Emerging Cultures and Shared Values
in the Japan-American Borderlands, edited by Takeshi Matsuda, 257–299.
Hiroshima: Keisuisha, 2001.
In the context of searching for U.S.-Japanese value sharing, this article analyzes what
citizens’ empowerment means in the Japanese context. The transformations of the concept of citizenship, local governance, and civil society-level activities, especially thoseof not-for-proﬁt organizations are discussed, indicating an emerging solid triangular ties
among these three elements.

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Sato, Hiroko. “The Use of Spaces in Margaret Walker’s Jubilee,” In Fields
Watered with Blood: Critical Essays on Margaret Walker, edited by Maryemma
Graham, 269–282. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2001.
This article examines the use of space in Margaret Walker’s only novel, Jubilee. The
heroine, Vyry, moves through various kinds of space, from a slave cabin to her own
house in an integrated community. Walker uses these spaces as a mirror to reﬂect Vyry’s
mental and psychological growth.

Takai, Yukari. “Anti-Federal Multiculturalism as a New Societal Model:
Changing Place of the French Language and Quebec’s Ethnocultural Minorities,” In Multiculturalism and Globalization, Report for the Japanese Ministryof Science and Education and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,edited by Tsuneo Ayabe, 49–64. Tokyo: 2001.
The Canadian federal policy of multiculturalism, a “mosaic-like” society, was almost
universally rejected in Québec from its inception. This essay seeks to explore the historical grounds from which emanates Québec’s rejection of multiculturalism. It also discusses the intentions, particularities and consequences of Québec’s own version of cultural pluralism.

Takeda, Okiyoshi. “The Representation of Asian Americans in the U.S. Political
System,” In Representation of Minority Groups in the U.S.: Implications for the
Twenty-First Century, edited by Charles E. Meniﬁeld, 77–109. Ranham, Md.:
Austin & Winﬁeld, 2001.
This article examines why Asian Americans have not achieved a political representationin U.S. Congress that matches their population level. It argues that the main causes are
ethnic diversity within the Asian American population and past discrimination against
them, rather than “apolitical” cultural characteristics commonly (and mistakenly) associated with them. It also provides statistical analysis of cosponsorship of a House bill on
anti-Asian discrimination by non-Asian members of Congress.

Yui, Daizaburo. “The Present and Future of Paciﬁc Area Studies,” In Reports
on Paciﬁc Area Studies Research Centers edited by Daizaburo Yui and Yasuo
Endo, 2–9. Center for Paciﬁc and American Studies, The University of Tokyo,
2001.
This is a Survey Report on Paciﬁc Area centers around the world, focusing mostly on
those at universities. It covers a total of 65 institutions in 20 countries or regions. It founda diversity of interests in Paciﬁc area by comparing various names relating to Paciﬁc
Area Studies, such as Asia Paciﬁc or Paciﬁc Rim.

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BOOKS
Fujita, Mariko & Sano, Toshiyuki. 2001. Life in Riverfront: A Middle-Western
Town Seen Through Japanese Eyes. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College
Publishers.
Life in Riverfront is a unique case study of a Midwestern middle-sized city that offers afresh approach to ethnography because it looks at American daily experiences as seen
through the eyes of Japanese anthropologists. It gives American readers an opportunityof seeing their own culture through the eyes of a ‘stranger’ and that illuminates the notionof ethnocentrism in a powerful way.

Inoue, Kumi. 2001. In Touch with American Ads. Tokyo: Seibido
This book examines the perception gap and expression gap between Japan and the U.S.
through a comparison of advertisements.

Katagiri, Yasuhiro. 2001. The Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission: Civil
Rights and States’ Rights. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2001.
In 1956, two years after the United States Supreme Court outlawed legally imposed racial
segregation in public schools, Mississippi created the State Sovereignty Commission as
its executive agency to wage the state’s massive campaign against racial desegregationand the ever-intensifying crusade for civil rights in Mississippi. Drawing on the newly
opened materials at the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, this book, thewinner of the 2002 Richard A. McLemore Book Prize of the Mississippi Historical
Society, traces the vicissitudes that took the State sovereignty Commission from governmental limelight to public opprobrium.

Kurihara, Ryoko. 2001. The Japanese Woman Suffrage Movement in Comparison with the American Movement. Tokyo: Shinzansha Publishing Co.
In this book, I analyze some historical aspects of important socio-political phenomena
in Japan. The feminist attitude toward problems prior to World War II in Japan is one of
the focuses of this book. In addition, the other major concerns of this book are to explore
the ideological aspects of woman suffrage organizations both in Japan and in the US andto examine the thoughts of their leaders.

Toyama, Kiyoko M. 2001. Faulkner and the Modern Fable. Lanham: International Scholars Publication.

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The book examines the writings of William Faulkner alongside those of Japanese
authors. The author’s approach to literary criticism is highly personal and includes reﬂections on her own life. A sampling of topics includes Japanese Christianity in Shusaku
Endo’s Silence, two types of love in Faulkner’s The Wild Palms, and the problem of language in Faulkner’s Pylon.

Yanaka, Hisako. 2001. African Americans and Japanese Firms in Georgia.
Washington, DC: Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies.
This work investigates the interactions between African American communities andJapanese corporations in Georgia from 1994 through 1995. The impact of Japanese ﬁrms
on African Americans, the social and cultural ties between them and the perceptions ofAfrican Americans and Japanese businessmen about each other are analyzed based onofﬁcial data and personal interviews with people concerned.

DISSERTATIONS
Hatcho, Yui. “The Atlantic Charter and American Diplomacy during WorldWar II, 1939–1945.” Ph.D.diss., Dokkyo University, 2001.
This dissertation is a study of the Atlantic Charter as a signiﬁcant document in American
diplomacy during World War II. It discusses the Atlantic Charter in broad historical andinternational contexts as well as American domestic politics. In so doing, this author
evaluates the Atlantic Charter as a political démarche that elevated the Unites States toa position of a world leader.

Ochiai, Akiko. “Working for Themselves: African American Agrarianism in
Lowcountry South Carolina during the Reconstruction.” Ph.D. diss., Universityof Tsukuba, 2001.
By paying special attention to the transitional stages and processes in the developmentof African American efforts to acquire land in lowcountry South Carolina during the
Civil War and Reconstruction, this thesis analyses and evaluates African American
agrarian perceptions of freedom.

Uno, Hiroko. “Life in ‘Marble Disc’: Emily Dickinson’s Poetry.” Ph. D. diss.,
Kobe College, 2001.

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From her high evaluation of “Silence” and “Nothingness,” and even from her knowledge of sciences, Emily Dickinson dared to take “Renunciation” in her life, which is her
strategy to produce and protect her own “white” world of poetry. By “depositing herself
and “chisell[ing] all [her] tune” into not just “stone” but a “Marble Disc,” she tried totransport her life and poetry to the far future after her death, and to resurrect and surprisethe people in the future like a “Fossil Man.”

Yamaguchi, Tomoko. “From Ideology to Myth: Shifting Voices in Ethinic
North American Literature.” Ph.D.diss., Kwansei Gakuin University, 2001.
For the last generation, since their upsurge in 1970’s, various ethnic voices have extended a concerted change of tones. The former, ideological messages are gradually giving
way to a more mythical story-telling. Examining three different voices—Japanese,
Chinese, and African—comparatively, this dissertation clariﬁes the process and signiﬁcance of this synchronized shift from ideology to myth.