www.iafor.org/about/partners

IAFOR Global Partners

University of Belgrade

IAFOR has entered into a number of strategic partnerships with universities across the world to form
the IAFOR Global Partnership Programme. These academic partnerships support and nurture IAFOR’s
goals of educational cooperation without borders, connecting the organisation with institutions thathave an international and internationalising profile, and a commitment to interdisciplinary research.
The IAFOR Global Partnership Programme provides mutual recognition and scope for Global Partner
institutions and organisations to showcase their research strengths, as well as engage in thedevelopment of projects and programmes with IAFOR.
Programme Design by Thaddeus Pope, IAFOR Media.

/iaforjapan@iafor.official@iafor (#iafor)
www.iafor.org

ECAH/EuroMedia2021 Organising Committee

Anne Boddington

Bruce Brown

Matthew CoatsJoseph Haldane

Donald E. Hall

James Rowlins

Kingston University, UK

IAFORRoyal College of Art, UK

University of Rochester, USA

University of Brighton, UK

Singapore University of Technology and
Design, Singapore

Gary E. Swanson

University of Northern Colorado, USA (fmr.)

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Letter of Welcome
Dear Delegates,
In more normal times I would be writing this letter to welcome
people to London, however these are very different times, andso I welcome you instead online to IAFOR’s 2021 European
Conference Series, from more than forty different countries
around the world.
While this conference is organised in the spirit of hope andwith the possibilities of technology, it is also organised in acontext of global uncertainty in the wake of the coronavirus, anunprecedented global crisis of enormous proportions. Many of
the things that we have come to take for granted over the past
decades, such as cheap, easy and reliable travel between countries, have become questioned as
different nations have responded to the global health crisis in different ways, each impacting local
societies, economies, communities, and many individual lives.
Perhaps the most important thing that this crisis will have taught us is that the freedoms that wehold so close, such as those of expression and movement in a globalised world, bring to the fore
questions of transparency and governance on an international level. This serves to remind us thatquestions of human security and public policy, as they relate to such issues as health, climatechange, pollution, and individual rights and responsibilities, do not happen in sovereign vacuums,
but instead impact other nation-states. If one country is not as transparent as it otherwise mightbe, then the repercussions are not only domestic, but frequently felt across borders. In a globalised
world, our problems are increasingly global, and require concerted cooperative measures between
countries in order to seek solutions.
Let us use this time together to meaningfully engage, to combat complacency, and ensure thatthese conferences, even in trying circumstances, are the best that they can be.
I look forward to meeting you all online. Please enjoy the conferences!
Take care and stay safe!
Dr Joseph Haldane
Chairman & C.E.O, The International Academic Forum (IAFOR)
Guest Professor, Osaka School of International Public Policy (OSIPP), Osaka University, Japan
Visiting Professor, Doshisha University, Japan & The University of Belgrade, Serbia
Member, Expert Network, World Economic Forum

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About ECAH/EuroMedia2021
Held in partnership with University College London (UCL), Birkbeck, University of London andthe University of Sussex, this international conference encourages academics and scholars tomeet and exchange ideas and views in a forum stimulating respectful dialogue, by bringing
together university scholars working in the UK, Europe, and beyond to share ideas and research.
This event will afford an exceptional opportunity for renewing old acquaintances, making new
contacts, networking, and facilitating partnerships across national and disciplinary borders.
Since its founding in 2009, IAFOR has brought people and ideas together in a variety of eventsand platforms to promote and celebrate interdisciplinary study, and underline its importance.
Over the past year we have engaged in many cross-sectoral projects, including those with
universities (the University of Barcelona, Hofstra University, UCL, University of Belgrade andMoscow State University), think tanks (the East-West Center), as well as collaborative projects
with the United Nations in New York, and the Government of Japan through the Prime Minister’s
office, and right here in London with University College London (UCL), Birkbeck, University of
London and the University of Sussex, for this conference!
With the IAFOR Research Centre at the Osaka School of International Public Policy (OSIPP) at
Osaka University, we have engaged in a number of interdisciplinary initiatives we believe will havean important impact on domestic and international public policy conversations. It is throughconferences like these that we expand our network and partners, and we have no doubt that
ECAH2021 and EuroMedia2021 will offer a remarkable opportunity for the sharing of researchand best practice, for the meeting of people and ideas. We expect the resultant professional andpersonal collaborations to endure for many years.
In conjunction with our Global Partners, including University College London (UCL), Birkbeck,
University of London and the University of Sussex, we look forward to meeting you online for
ECAH/EuroMedia2021.
– The Organising Committee

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Conference
Guide
Conference at a Glance
Conference Proceedings
IAFOR Publications
Professor Stuart D. B. Picken (1942–2016)
IAFOR Academic Grant & Scholarship Recipients
IAFOR Membership

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July 22, 2021 | All times are British Summer Time (UTC+1)

Thursday at a Glance

09:00-09:15
Announcements, Recognition of IAFOR Scholarship Winners
			& Welcome Address			Joseph Haldane, IAFOR, Japan
09:15-10:45
			
			
			

Panel Presentation
Building Back Better: Are Universities Fit for Purpose?
Anne Boddington, Kingston University, United Kingdom
Donald E. Hall, University of Rochester, United States

10:45-10:55		

Break

10:55-12:10
			
			
			

Featured Interview Presentation
Selfless: Journeys through Identity and Social Class
Geoffrey Beattie, Edge Hill University, United Kingdom
Joseph Haldane, IAFOR, Japan

12:10-12:20		

Break

12:20-13:10
Featured Interview Session
			Interview with Tracy Mathewson, Writer/Director of award-winning			short film CALIFORNIA
			
Tracy Mathewson, Writer & Director, United Kingdom
			James Rowlins, Singapore University of Technology
			and Design, Singapore
			
13:10-13:40		
Networking and Discussion
13:40-13:45		

Break

13:45-15:25

Live-Stream Session 1: Arts

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July 23, 2021 | All times are British Summer Time (UTC+1)

Friday at a Glance
09:00-10:15

Live-Stream Session 1: Literature/Literacy Studies

10:15-10:25		

Break

10:25-11:40

Live-Stream Session 2: Literature/Literacy Studies

11:40-11:50		

Break

11:50-12:40

Live-Stream Session 3: Sexuality, Gender, Families

12:40-12:50		

Break

12:50-13:40

Live-Stream Session 4: Arts

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July 24, 2021 | All times are British Summer Time (UTC+1)

Saturday at a Glance
09:00-10:40

Live-Stream Session 1: Communication

10:40-10:50		

Break

10:50-12:30

Live-Stream Session 2: Film

12:30-12:40		

Break

12:40-14:20

Live-Stream Session 3: Arts & Humanities

14:20-14:30
			Conference Closing Address
Joseph Haldane, IAFOR, Japan

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Conference Proceedings
IAFOR Conference Proceedings are Open Access research repositories that act as permanent
records of the research generated by IAFOR conferences. The Conference Proceedings are
published on the IAFOR Research Archive (papers.iafor.org). All accepted authors who present at
the conference may have their full paper published in the online Conference Proceedings.
Full text submission is due by August 25, 2021, through the online system. The proceedings will
be published on September 27, 2021.

Conference Catch-up
All live-streamed sessions will be recorded and uploaded to the Conference Catch-up page (videoon-demand) via Vimeo. The catch-up page will be publicly available after the conference.

Pre-Recorded Virtual Presentations
A full list of pre-recorded virtual video presentations will be on the conference website during
and after the conference. We encourage you to watch these presentations and provide feedback
through the video comments.

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www.iafor.org/publications

IAFOR Publications
Introduction
IAFOR’s publications provide a constructive environment for the facilitation of dialogue
between academics at the intersections of nation, culture and discipline. Since 2009, when theorganisation was established, over 20,000 academics have presented their research at IAFOR
conferences – a wealth of ideas have been generated and partnerships formed. Our various
publications, from Conference Proceedings, to peer-reviewed journals, to our online magazine,
provide a permanent record of and a global online platform for this valuable research. All of ourpublications are Open Access, freely available online and free of publishing fees of any kind.
By publishing work with IAFOR, authors enter into an exclusive License Agreement, where they
have copyright, but license exclusive rights in their article to IAFOR as the publisher.

Conference Proceedings
As a presenter at an IAFOR conference you are encouraged to submit a final paper to ourConference Proceedings. These online publications are Open Access research repositories,
which act as a permanent record of the research generated at IAFOR conferences. All of ourConference Proceedings are freely available to read online. Papers should be uploaded throughthe submission system before the Final Paper Submission Deadline, which is one month after theend of the conference. Please note that works published in the Conference Proceedings are notpeer-reviewed and cannot be considered for publication in IAFOR journals.

IAFOR Journals
IAFOR publishes several editorially independent, Open Access journals across a variety of disciplines.
They conform to the highest academic standards of international peer review, and are published inaccordance with IAFOR’s commitment to make all of our published materials available online.

How are papers submitted?
Submissions should be original, previously unpublished papers which are not under consideration
for publication in any other journal. All articles are submitted through the submission portal on thejournal website and must conform to the journal submission guidelines.

How does IAFOR ensure academic integrity?
Once appointed by IAFOR’s Publications Committee, the Journal Editor is free to appoint his or her
own editorial team and advisory members, who help to rework and revise papers as appropriate,according to internationally accepted standards. All papers published in the journal have been
subjected to the rigorous and accepted processes of academic peer review. Neither editors nor
members of the editorial team are remunerated for their work.

Where are the journals indexed?
IAFOR Journals are indexed in Scopus, DOAJ, ERIC, MIAR, TROVE, CiteFactor and EBSCO, SHERPA/ROMEO and Google Scholar. DOIs are assigned to each published issue and article via Crossref.
Please note that indexing varies from journal to journal.

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What’s the reach?
Each of our journal issues is viewed thousands of times a month and the articles are frequently citedby researchers the world over, largely with thanks to our dedicated marketing efforts. Each issue ispromoted across our social media platforms and to our tailored email marketing lists. On average,
each journal publishes biannually.
Selected IAFOR Journals are available for purchase on Amazon. Search for The International
Academic Forum (IAFOR).

What’s the cost?
IAFOR Journals are Open Access publications, available online completely free of charge andwithout delay or embargo. Authors are not required to pay charges of any sort towards the
publication of IAFOR Journals and neither editors nor members of the editorial boards are
remunerated for their work.

How are IAFOR Journals related to IAFOR Conferences and Conference Proceedings?
IAFOR Journals reflect the interdisciplinary and international nature of our conferences and areorganised thematically. A presenter can choose to publish either in Conference Proceedings or
submit their manuscript to the corresponding IAFOR Journal for review.

Current IAFOR Journal titles include
IAFOR Journal of Arts & Humanities
IAFOR Journal of Cultural Studies
IAFOR Journal of Education
IAFOR Journal of Literature & Librarianship
IAFOR Journal of Media, Communication & Film
IAFOR Journal of Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences

THINK
THINK, The Academic Platform, is IAFOR’s online magazine, publishing the latest in interdisciplinary
research and ideas from some of the world’s foremost academics, many of whom have presented
at IAFOR conferences. Content is varied in both subject and form, with everything from full research
papers to shorter opinion pieces and interviews. THINK gives academics the opportunity to stepoutside of the traditional research publishing status quo – to get creative, explore different disciplines
and to have their ideas heard, shared and discussed by a diverse, global audience.
For more information on THINK please visit www.think.iafor.org
If you would like more information about any of IAFOR’s publications, please contact publications@iafor.org

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The Reverend Professor
Stuart D. B. Picken (1942–2016)
The late Reverend Professor Stuart D. B. Picken began his distinguished career in academia asa Rotary Scholar on a research trip to Japan. A native of Scotland who had dedicated himself
to religious studies, he immediately became fascinated by Japanese culture and the practice of
Shinto. He was particularly drawn to the parallels and differences he saw in Western pedagogy
compared to that of the East and began a lifelong mission to bridge the communication andknowledge gap between the two worlds.
Picken was appointed Professor of Philosophy at the International Christian University (ICU) in
1972. Here he turned his Western theological and philosophical training to comparative religious
and cultural studies of Japan, at a time when the country was emerging from the shadows of theSecond World War.
His groundbreaking and controversial work on suicide in Japan made his name within the country,
but it was his subsequent work on Shinto that influenced the rehabilitation of the religion at atime when it was dismissed in the West as pagan and primitive, or unjustly caricatured for its
wartime associations.
Whether in his research or teaching, Picken devoted much of his life to increasing understanding
between his adopted country of Japan and the West, and in 2007 he was recognised with theOrder of the Sacred Treasure, an imperial decoration for his pioneering research and outstanding
contribution to the promotion of friendship and mutual understanding between Japan and theUnited Kingdom. He also served as the International Adviser to the High Priest of the Tsubaki
Grand Shrine, one of Japan’s largest and oldest shrines.
From 2009 he was the founding Chairman of The International Academic Forum (IAFOR), where he
was highly active in helping nurture and mentor a new generation of academics, and facilitating
better intercultural and international awareness and understanding.
Stuart D. B. Picken was a cherished friend and an inspiration to IAFOR and its communityof supporters. In honour of Professor Picken and his dedication to academia, the ideals ofintercultural understanding and the principles of interdisciplinary study, IAFOR has createdthe Stuart D. B. Picken Grant and Scholarship, an award supported by the Stuart D. B. Picken
Memorial Fund. Awards are made to PhD students and early career academics who are in needof funding to complete their research, and whose work demonstrates excellence in the corevalues of academic rigour, intercultural sensitivity and interdisciplinarity.
12 | IAFOR.ORG | ECAH/EuroMedia2021 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)IAFOR Academic Grant& Scholarship Recipients
Our warmest congratulations go to Liudmila Zaichenko who has been selected by the conference
Organising Committee to receive an IAFOR scholarship to present her research at ECAH/
EuroMedia2021.
IAFOR's grants and scholarships programme provides financial support to PhD students andearly career academics, with the aim of helping them pursue research excellence and achieve
their academic goals through interdisciplinary study and interaction. Awards are based on
the appropriateness of the educational opportunity in relation to the applicant's field of study,
financial need, and contributions to their community and to IAFOR's mission of interdisciplinarity.
Scholarships are awarded based on availability of funds from IAFOR and vary with eachconference.
Find out more about IAFOR grants and scholarships: www.iafor.org/financial-support

Liudmila Zaichenko | IAFOR Scholarship Recipient
Liudmila Zaichenko is currently a PhD student at Tallinn University, Estonia. She obtained her
Master Degree from the Higher School of Economics, St. Petersburg and her Specialist Degree
in Journalism, St. Petersburg State University (Russia). Before coming to academic research
Liudmila had been engaged in all kinds of research and marketing projects in various fields,
including higher education and real estate. She previously held analytic and management
positions in the international companies in mentioned fields. Since 2019 Liudmila has beenworking as a contract researcher for the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation project.
At the moment she is jointly sharing responsibilities as a senior lecturer at the Higher School of
Economics, St.Petersburg campus and a PhD researcher at Tallinn University, Estonia.
59980
Cultural-cognitive Institutional Level Shaping the Agency of Minority Teachers in Post-soviet
Estonia
Liudmila Zaichenko, Tallinn University, Estonia
In this study, I report on how professional agency of minority schools teachers in Estonia canbe constrained by certain institutional barriers, including barriers which occur on a culturalcognitive level and may be grounded in dispositions and beliefs of the society. This is significant
because minority teachers in many countries may face dramatic obstacles in the course ofbuilding their ‘integration projects’ inside the host nation-state. The case of post-soviet Estonia
may evidence how these teachers' professional agency as a potential tool for transformation andintegration may be ‘mediated ideationally’ and constrained by the path-dependent institutional
mechanisms, which don't provide for the transformative dimension of agency to occur. I believethat this study is appropriate for the chosen stream because it addresses the problems ofintegration and inequalities inside the national education context. The case of Estonia seems
to be of a particular interest as this country has shown outstanding progress in development
and integration in the European space during the recent 30 years, however it still is distinct inits highest segregation in all societal domains. Education system is one of the examples of thisinstitutional disequilibrium. I dare to hope the readership of the journal may find valuable insightsfrom this qualitative study about the path-dependency of institutional cultural-cognitive levels,
which shape agentic orientations of ethnic minorities.

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Become an IAFOR Member
IAFOR provides an excellent personal and professional environment for academics and scholarsof all ages and backgrounds to come together and exchange the latest ideas, and inform eachother’s perspectives through their own cultural and disciplinary background and experiences.
We are able to do this thanks to the exceptional network of individuals and institutions aroundthe world who support our work and help shape our exceptional events globally. We emphasise
the nurturing and supporting of young academics from different backgrounds, providing mutualadvice and guidance, and offer more senior academics the chance to forge working relationships
outside of their traditional networks.
In a world where division and strife are underlined and played up in national and local contexts,
and political posturing frequently seeks to ostracise and demonise, IAFOR is committed toworking across cultural and national borders, and to work to bring people together. We believethat mature human interaction and academic and cultural exchange are essential to offering
positive versions of the future, where cooperation happens with individuals and institutions whoshare a commitment to bridge divides, to being good global citizens, and to making the world abetter place.
By becoming a member, you will become a stakeholder in the IAFOR mission of facilitatinginternational exchange, encouraging intercultural awareness, and promoting interdisciplinary
discussion in the hope and expectation of generating and sharing new knowledge. Join us now
in this growing global organisation, and help make a difference today.
To learn more about IAFOR membership, please visit:www.iafor.org/membership

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Thursday
July 22
Plenary Session
All times are in British Summer Time (UTC+1)
Abstracts appear as originally submitted by the author. Any spelling,grammatical, or typographical errors are those of the author.

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Panel Presentation: Anne Boddington & Donald E. Hall

Building Back Better:
Are Universities Fit for Purpose?
Thursday, July 22 | 09:15-10:45 | British Summer Time (UTC+1)

While societies have always shifted and morphed, the coronavirus pandemic has seen institutions
forced into change and great speed, creating both destructive chaos, as well as disruptive innovation.
Within the higher education sector, these changes have raised huge existential and philosophicalchallenges for individual universities, as their role and existence has been questioned as neverbefore. In this discussion, two senior leaders in UK and US Higher Education, Anne Boddington and
Donald Hall, will discuss the challenges and opportunities brought about by the COVID crisis, andalso the role of the arts and humanities, which have been further marginalized in many institutions.

Anne Boddington
Anne Boddington is Professor of Design Innovation, Pro Vice
Chancellor for Research, Business and Innovation at Kingston
University in the UK and recently appointed as the Sub Panel Chair
for Art & Design: History, Practice & Theory for the UK’s Research
Excellence Framework (REF) 2021. Professor Boddington
has extensive experience of the leadership, management andevaluation of art and design education and art and design
research in higher education across the UK and internationally.
She is an experienced chair and has held trustee and governanceroles across the creative and cultural sector including as trusteeof the Design Council, an independent Governor, Fellow of theRoyal Society of Arts (RSA), an affiliate member of the RoyalInstitute of British Architects (RIBA), a member of the executiveof the Council for Higher Education in Art & Design (CHEAD) and a member of the advisory board of
the Arts & Humanities Research Council. She has an international reputation in creative education
and research and has been a partner, a collaborator, a reviewer and evaluator for a wide range ofinternational projects and reviews across different nations in Europe, the Middle East, Southern andEast Asia and North America.

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Donald E. Hall
Donald E. Hall is Dean of the Faculty of Arts, Sciences, andEngineering at the University of Rochester, USA. Prior to moving to
Rochester, he was Dean of Arts and Sciences at Lehigh University,
USA. Dean Hall has published widely in the fields of British Studies,
Gender Theory, Cultural Studies, and Professional Studies. Overthe course of his career, he served as Jackson Distinguished
Professor of English and Chair of the Department of English (andpreviously Chair of the Department of Foreign Languages) at West
Virginia University. Before that, he was Professor of English andChair of the Department of English at California State University,
Northridge, where he taught for 13 years. He is a recipient of the
University Distinguished Teaching Award at CSUN, was a visiting
professor at the National University of Rwanda, was Lansdowne
Distinguished Visiting Scholar at the University of Victoria (Canada), was Fulbright Distinguished
Chair in Cultural Studies at Karl Franzens University in Graz, Austria, and was Fulbright Specialist at
the University of Helsinki. He has also taught in Sweden, Romania, Hungary, and China. He served on
numerous panels and committees for the Modern Language Association (MLA), including the Task
Force on Evaluating Scholarship for Tenure and Promotion, and the Convention Program Committee.
In 2012, he served as national President of the Association of Departments of English. From 20132017, he served on the Executive Council of the MLA.
His current and forthcoming work examines issues such as professional responsibility and academic
community-building, the dialogics of social change and activist intellectualism, and the Victorian(and our continuing) interest in the deployment of instrumental agency over our social, vocational,
and sexual selves. Among his many books and editions are the influential faculty development
guides, The Academic Self and The Academic Community, both published by Ohio State University
Press. Subjectivities and Reading Sexualities: Hermeneutic Theory and the Future of Queer Studies
were both published by Routledge Press. Most recently he and Annamarie Jagose, of the Universityof Auckland, co-edited a volume titled The Routledge Queer Studies Reader. Though he is a full-timeadministrator, he continues to lecture worldwide on the value of a liberal arts education and theneed for nurturing global competencies in students and interdisciplinary dialogue in and beyond theclassroom.
Professor Donald E. Hall is a Vice-President of IAFOR. He is Chair of the Arts, Humanities, Media &Culture division of the International Academic Advisory Board.

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Featured Interview: Geoffrey Beattie & Joseph Haldane

Selfless: Journeys through Identity andSocial Class
Thursday, July 22 | 10:55-12:10 | British Summer Time (UTC+1)

Geoff Beattie has come a long way from his humble beginnings in Belfast, as this stellar student
became one of the world’s foremost experts on non-verbal communication following his studies
at Birmingham and Cambridge Universities. Throughout his career, he has balanced being both anacademic of international renown with parallel explorations into reportage, social commentary andjournalism, and even found the time to write works of nonfiction. He is perhaps most well known
from his burgeoning career as a populariser and interpreter of psychology on numerous television
programmes, including his most high profile position: being the resident psychologist on the UK
version of the worldwide sensation, Big Brother.
In this interview, Professor Beattie speaks to IAFOR Chairman and CEO, Joseph Haldane about hislife and work, and his recently published autobiography, Selfless, and the intellectual, physical andmoral journeys Beattie has undertaken throughout his life.

Geoffrey Beattie
Geoffrey Beattie is Professor of Psychology at Edge Hill University,
UK. Previously, he was Professor of Psychology at the University ofManchester, UK, as well as a Professorial Research Fellow at theuniversity’s Sustainable Consumption Institute. He has also been
Visiting Professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara,
USA. He received his PhD from Trinity College, University ofCambridge, UK, and is a Fellow of the British Psychological Society(BPS), a Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine and a Fellow of theRoyal Society of Arts. He has also been President of the Psychology
Section of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.
He has published over 100 articles in academic journals, including Nature and Nature Climate Change
and was awarded the Spearman Medal by the BPS for “published psychological research of outstanding
merit”, and the Mouton d’Or for the best research paper in semiotics.
He is the author of twenty six books with various Chinese, Taiwanese, Brazilian, Italian, Finnish andGerman editions. ‘We Are the People: Journeys Through the Heart of Protestant Ulster’ (Heinemann)and ‘The Corner Boys’ (Victor Gollancz) were both short- listed for the Ewart-Biggs Literary Prize;‘On the Ropes: Boxing as a Way of Life’ (Victor Gollancz) was short-listed for the William Hill Sports
Book of the Year; ‘Trophy Hunting: A Psychological Perspective’ (Routledge) was shortlisted fora Taylor & Francis Outstanding Book and Digital Product Award in the Outstanding Professional
Category in 2019.
He has presented a number of television programmes in the UK on BBC1 (‘Life’s Too Short’; ‘Family
SOS’), Channel 4 (‘Dump Your Mates in Four Days’) and UKTV (‘The Farm of Fussy Eaters’). He wasalso the resident on-screen psychologist for Big Brother for eleven series on Channel 4 in the UK
specialising in body language and social behaviour.
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His latest book ‘Selfless: A Psychologist’s Journey through Identity and Social Class’ (Routledge)
was reviewed by Professor Marcel Danesi from the University of Toronto, Canada who wrote: ‘Whatis the Self? How is it related to consciousness? This dilemma has entertained some of the greatest
minds of human history. This book contributes in a significant way to that history, written by oneof today’s great thinkers, Geoffrey Beattie. In this unique book, Beattie brings us into his own worldof Self-construction. We thus come away understanding what psychology should really be....It is
required reading by anyone interested in understanding what consciousness is and how it emerges
throughout the life cycle.’

Joseph Haldane
Joseph Haldane is the Chairman and CEO of IAFOR. He is
responsible for devising strategy, setting policies, forging
institutional partnerships, implementing projects, and overseeing
the organisation’s business and academic operations, including
research, publications and events.
Dr Haldane holds a PhD from the University of London in 19thcentury French Studies, and has had full-time faculty positions
at the University of Paris XII Paris-Est Créteil (France), Sciences
Po Paris (France), and Nagoya University of Commerce andBusiness (Japan), as well as visiting positions at the French Press Institute in the University of Paris
II Panthéon-Assas (France), The School of Journalism at Sciences Po Paris (France), and the Schoolof Journalism at Moscow State University (Russia).
Dr Haldane’s current research concentrates on post-war and contemporary politics and international
affairs, and since 2015 he has been a Guest Professor at The Osaka School of International Public
Policy (OSIPP) at Osaka University, where he teaches on the postgraduate Global Governance Course,and Co-Director of the OSIPP-IAFOR Research Centre, an interdisciplinary think tank situated within
Osaka University.
A Member of the World Economic Forum’s Expert Network for Global Governance, Dr Haldane isalso a Visiting Professor in the Faculty of Philology at the University of Belgrade (Serbia), a Visiting
Professor at the School of Business at Doshisha University (Japan), and a Member of the International
Advisory Council of the Department of Educational Foundations at the College of Education of the
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (United States).
From 2012 to 2014, Dr Haldane served as Treasurer of the American Chamber of Commerce in Japan(Chubu Region) and he is currently a Trustee of the HOPE International Development Agency (Japan).
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society in 2012, and a Fellow of the Royal Society ofArts in 2015.

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Featured Interview: Tracy Mathewson & James Rowlins

Interview with Tracy Mathewson, Writer/
Director of award-winning short film
CALIFORNIA
Thursday, July 22 | 12:20-13:10 | British Summer Time (UTC+1)

Discussion of issues relating to transnational drama, female agency, millennial fiction, and whatmakes for a perfect short film.
Questions by Dr James Rowlins
Tracy Mathewson is an award-winning writer/director originally from California, now living in London.
Her PhD in Film by Creative Practice, “Post-Truth Justice, and the Feminine Way” is presently underconsideration with the University of York, United Kingdom.

CALIFORNIA (2021 - Drama, 13 min)Awarded Best Made in LA Short and Best Actress from Los Angeles Rocks International Film
Festival (LARIFF)​and Exceptional Merit from WRPN Women’s International Film Festival. Calli,a young woman trying to make it in LA, wants to have a relationship with her father back in
England but has to come to terms with the phone call that changed everything for her. It’s astory about family, responsibility, and how Love is not turning your back on someone even whenthey’ve failed you.

Tracy Mathewson
Tracy Mathewson is an award-winning writer/director originallyfrom California, now living in London. Her doctoral thesis in Filmby Creative Practice, “Post-Truth, Justice, and the FeminineWay” examines the evolution of justice and female agency inAmerican conspiracy film and is presently under consideration
with the University of York. Her research has been published inprint for Film International and her series of visual essays entitled“Weapons of Mass Disruption” is now available online. Tracy’s
2016 short film “Appellation” won Best Direction at Berlin Sci-fi
Filmfest and was nominated for the Directing Award at BAFTArecognised Underwire Festival. Her most recent short, “CALIFORNIA” was shot in July, 2020 andhas so far been awarded best “Made in LA Short" and “Best Actress” from Los Angeles Rocks
International Film Festival (LARIFF)​and “Exceptional Merit” from WRPN Women's InternationalFilm Festival​. Website: www.tracym.com

20 | IAFOR.ORG | ECAH/EuroMedia2021 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

James Rowlins
James Rowlins left his native England for Paris, France,
where he studied for a BA (Hons) and MA specialising in
French cinema. His passion for visual culture subsequently
took him to Los Angeles, where he earned a doctorate at the
University of Southern California, United States. In addition
to exploring literature and film through a theoretical lens, aswell as dabbling in filmmaking, his dissertation focused on the
crossover between post-war American film noir and the French
New Wave, arguing that the subversive manipulation of the
Hollywood genre formula by the auteurs constitutes a politicalaesthetic. He has published articles on contemporary French fiction, film and existentialism,
cinematic phenomenology and new perspectives on the New Wave. He has held lecturing
positions in Europe, America, Japan, and Singapore. He is currently Director of the Rocks Film
Festivals.
**Dr James Rowlins is associate editor of the IAFOR Journal of Media, Communication & Film.

Like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/iaforjapan | ECAH/EuroMedia2021 | IAFOR.ORG | 21

THINK.IAFOR.ORG
THE ACADEMIC PLATFORM
THINK.IAFOR.ORG is IAFOR’s online magazine, launched in early 2016. THINK
is an ambitious project conceived by academics, for academics, with the following
objectives:
To provide an international, far-reaching platform for the best researchpresented at IAFOR conferences;
To make original, high-quality, thought-provoking multimedia content
freely accessible to a wide readership;
To facilitate the opportunity for academics to step outside of the
traditional research publishing status quo – to get creative, explore
different disciplines and to have their ideas heard, shared and discussed
by a diverse, global academic audience.
Content published on THINK spans a wide variety of disciplines and the format isvaried, encompassing full research papers, long-form journalism, opinion pieces,creative writing, interviews, podcasts, video, photography, artwork and more.
Current contributing authors include leading academics such as Professor Svetlana
Ter-Minasova, Professor A. Robert Lee, Professor Bill Ashcroft and Professor J. A.
A. Stockwin.
Get involved by visiting the website, following us on Facebook and Twitter andsigning up to our e-newsletter.
facebook.com/ThinkIAFOR
twitter.com/ThinkIAFORSUBMIT TO THINKWe are currently accepting submissions for publication in 2021. We welcome
photographs to accompany articles, as well as topical photo-essays.
Submissions should be between 500 and 2,500 words and sent topublications@iafor.org. Please include “THINK submission” in the subject line.
22 | IAFOR.ORG | ECAH/EuroMedia2021 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

Thursday
July 22
Parallel Sessions
All times are in British Summer Time (UTC+1)
Abstracts appear as originally submitted by the author. Any spelling,grammatical, or typographical errors are those of the author.

Like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/iaforjapan | ECAH/EuroMedia2021 | IAFOR.ORG | 23

13:45-15:25 | British Summer Time (UTC+1)

Thursday Live Stream Session 1
Interdisciplinary: Arts
Session Chair: Matthew Coats60144

13:45-14:10

Soviet and Post-Soviet Periods: Political Monuments in Lithuania and National Identity
Viktorija Rimaite, Vilnius University, Lithuania

The academic interest in monuments as media through which national identity is constructed has grown during the post-Soviet period
and especially in post-Soviet countries. Following the elitist perspective on monuments by Forest and Johnson (2002), Begic and Mraovic(2014), different political elites and regimes should cause change in monuments that, in turn, lead to change in the construction ofnational identity. The elitist concept of monuments functions through a simple scheme: the main objective of dominant political elites
is to legitimate political power, construct and consolidate a political narrative as well as political regime related to their ideologicalpresuppositions through which a national identity is created. Following the elitist perspective on monuments, the history of the Lithuanianmonuments from the middle of the 20th century to the present can be classified into two periods characterized by specific politicalelites: 1) monuments built during the Soviet Empire period,1940-1990 and 2) monuments built in the post-Soviet period, after 1990.
Despite a direct relation between political regime and monuments formation, mentioned above, after the collapse of Soviet Empire not
all the monumental remains built by the Soviets were removed from the public spaces in Lithuania. So if indeed there are some constantmonumental forms, related to two different political regimes – The Soviet Empire ant Lithuania after the restored Independence, what
does that portend for political meanings? To address these questions, the main task of this proposal is to answer how can we account for
both the continuities and the changes in monuments.
60265

14:10-14:35

Resilience of La Rose en Vie: Recovering From Upheaval Through a Trans-phenomenology of Spirit on the Basis of the Arts
Albert Pizzaia, Independent Scholar, United Kingdom

During the pandemic the arts and humanities have often been underestimated, usually considered marginal to other more pressing
matters, or too weak to look after themselves let alone others. This paper will revert this view by stating that the success of any civilisation,even in times of crisis, derives from the strength of the foundations of its cultural system. Resilience was found in La Rose En Vie(London,
2021, AP), a transcendence and synthesis of three previous studies in speculative philosophy of history of the arts: 1. 'Dare-Renaissance'(London, 2009, unpubl.,) illustrating a revolution in humanistic precepts; 2.‘Transcivilisations…’(London, 2014, unpubl.,) a theory which
proposed a new phenomenology of spirit; 3.‘Hourglass of Being…’(London, 2018, unpubl.,) testing that same theory. La Rose En Vie offersa rethinking and expands the subject matter into the Covid-19 lockdown period, a time of adversity and loss of life but also an apt moment
for retesting the strength of hypotheses in the most difficult of conditions. Some compelling results have emerged spacing from themetaphysics of the arts to the extension of the historical and cultural range, from an appraisal of the ethical to offering hope of recovery.
La Rose En Vie is able to re-inspire if not ‘re-inspirit’ everything else, bravely bouncing back in its robust form of great beauty, unafraid toface the eye of the storm and surviving upheavals at all costs on new basis; it is a new and net resilience from an unlikely source, dare one
say, from the arts and humanities themselves.
60500

14:35-15:00

Resilience and Healthy Living in Light of Feng-shui
Ping Xu, University of Colorado, United States

During the global pandemic, people in the world have had to work, teach, and learn at home for a year. In post-pandemic, remote working
might remain as an option. With spending more time at home, people are increasingly aware of living conditions and the impacts on life
quality. Integrating research and consultant experiences with teaching, the author, a professor in architecture and environmental design,
has taught a theory and method course on systems think and healthy living in light of feng-shui in an undergraduate program in Colorado,
US. Feng-shui is an ancient Chinese practice used to harmonize people with their environment. This course coaches each student toevaluate their living spaces and provides suggestions to improve poor environmental conditions that may cause illness. It is essential toguide students to think systematically about the environment that includes the sky, earth, and humans. Using feng-shui criteria as a clue,
students evaluate a living environment from the large scale to small scale -- from mountains and water, various topography, urban design,landscape design to residential design, including the layout of the house plan, section, and furniture arrangement. This course not only
trains students in design skills but also enhances students' systems think which is a fundamental world view for the contemporary world.
Moreover, the feng-shui criteria and healthy living experiences would also benefit people planning to work at home, remodel their house,or select a new home for resilience in the post-pandemic.
60626

15:00-15:25

Differences as a Source of Creativity: Friendship Between Wang Hui and Yun Shouping
Xiao Sheng, Arizona State University, United States

The biography of Wang Hui (1632-1717), a famous seventeenth-century landscapist in China, has been written many times over. While thequestion of whether to define him as a professional artist or as a scholar-amateur is still being debated, it has not been fully articulated
what the sophistication of his identity brought to his work as an artist. Mostly, Wang Hui benefited from his standing at the verge of theprofessional and amateur realms: he was skilled enough to work professionally on commission, but at the same time, he possessed an
intimate understanding of literary nuance. This convergence is evident throughout Wang Hui’s career, and particularly in his relationshipwith Yun Shouping (1633-1690), a more typical scholar-amateur than Wang Hui. Their friendship produced stimulations and inspirations,as well as contradictions and disparities. In realizing the sophistication of Wang Hui himself and of this friendship, both representing
the intersection of the professional and the scholar-amateur, a new perspective of explanation can be revealed in the study of the artist.

24 | IAFOR.ORG | ECAH/EuroMedia2021 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

Friday
July 23

Parallel Sessions

All times are in British Summer Time (UTC+1)
bstracts appear as originally submitted by the author. Any spelling,grammatical, or typographical errors are those of the author.

Like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/iaforjapan | ECAH/EuroMedia2021 | IAFOR.ORG | 25

09:00-10:15 | British Summer Time (UTC+1)

Friday Live Stream Session 1
Literature/Literacy Studies
Session Chair: Richard Donovan
60439

09:00-09:25“Fraternal and Sisterly Love”: Observing Disintegration and Resilience in the Tenant of Wildfell Hall and Shirley
Ji-Eun Kim, Yonsei University, South Korea

The Brontës in 1845 were a tight-knit community in Haworth of three grown-up sisters and a brother – Charlotte, Emily, Anne, andBranwell. In chapter 33, "And you", Jane Eyre passionately claims to St. John, "cannot at all imagine the craving I have for fraternal andsisterly love". The fictional Jane Eyre, the orphan, is the protagonist of Jane Eyre written by Charlotte Brontë in 1847. While the three sisters
took up pseudonyms of Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell and each published novels independently, I argue that the writings in The Tenant ofWildfell Hall and Shirley are more telling about their tender "fraternal and sisterly love" for each other. In 1848, Anne depicts her "fraternallove" for Branwell who was addicted to drink and drugs in her second and last novel, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Tragedy strikes as hedies of tuberculosis in 1848, followed a few months after by Emily. Subsequently, Anne died in 1849. Surviving with her father, Charlotte
continued to write and publish the work that is now known as Shirley. Although not an orphan, I infer that Jane Eyre’s "craving" for "sisterlylove" is apparent in her novel Shirley, where critics have suggested that Caroline Helstone is modeled after her sister Anne in her severe
illness. I contend that The Tenant of Wildfell Hall and Shirley are a testimony of "fraternal and sisterly love" delved in Jane Eyre, as well as
the resilience to carry on through life by writing literature.
60645

09:25-09:50

Disease Selects its Victims: Inequality in Falling Ill to Infectious Disease in Bleak House
Akiko Takei, Chukyo University, Japan

Though unnamed, the infectious disease in Dickens’s Bleak House (1852–53) is definitely smallpox. The fever, delirium, blindness,and scars that Esther suffers from are the main symptoms of smallpox, and she easily identifies her disease. The process of Esther’scontraction of smallpox reflects both facts and falsehoods about the medical environment at the time Dickens was writing this novel.
First, in Dickens’s lifetime, the effect of vaccination was widely accepted. In 1840, the Vaccination Act was passed in Britain, and Dickens
was a supporter of vaccination though there were also many opponents. Esther’s tragedy exemplifies the limited and partial medical
knowledge of the educated public in Dickens’s time because she diagnoses her disease well but getting vaccinated does not occur to hereven though she would have had access to it. Second, Dickens’s choice of victims of the infection does not entirely agree with common
medical knowledge. The history of smallpox goes back to 1141 BC, when Ramesses V died of the disease. Since then, smallpox has
attacked rich and poor alike. However, in Bleak House, smallpox spreads among the poor and servants. Charley and Esther are infected
while nursing, but Jarndyce and Ada are safe from risky physical contact with the invalid thanks to their social standing. The chain of
infection in Bleak House suggests the inequality of contracting an infectious disease: this disease selects its victims and the poor andpowerless are much more vulnerable than their social betters.
60600

09:50-10:15

Nadine Gordimer’s Selected Novels in the Light of Deleuze and Guattari’s Rhizome
Nasreen Kasana, Lovely Professional University, India

This paper strives to apply the theory of Rhizome, and its three principles, as expounded by the Deleuze and Guattari, in the selected novelsof Nadine Gordimer. The researcher will apply the qualitative method in the framework of Rhizome in order to check on the incessant natureof racism. Further, the researcher applies the concept of ‘line of flight’ which is an essential feature of rhizome and deterritorialization ‘i.e.
the feature of escape in the characters of Gordimer’s selected novels. Thereafter, the researcher explores the outcome of rhizome anddeterritorialization in the characters i.e. becoming. The aim of this paper is to analyze the random transcendental changes, again, in thecharacters of Gordimer’s selected novel. Further, the researcher analyzes how these changes are responsible for a new becoming. The
researcher also critically analysis the close relationship between Rhizome and deterritorialization and applies the same.

26 | IAFOR.ORG | ECAH/EuroMedia2021 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

10:25-11:40 | British Summer Time (UTC+1)

Friday Live Stream Session 2
Literature/Literacy Studies
Session Chair: A. Robert Lee
60468

10:25-10:50

You Were The Chosen One: The Downfall and Identity Loss of Anakin Skywalker in Star Wars’ Prequel Trilogy
Tonchabub Tirasathaporn, Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand

Identity loss is a global phenomenon, and the loss of such personal or collective identity is a common theme in media. One of the corereasons for the loss of identity is the domination by other culture. This research aims to analyze the downfall and identity loss of Anakin
Skywalker in the futuristic sci-fi fantasy Star Wars: Prequel Trilogy and the impact of oppressive elements in the galactic republic's
postcolonial society on Anakin Skywalker in three Star Wars movies: The Phantom Menace, The Attack of the Clones, and The Revengeof the Sith. Gayatri Spivak’s Subaltern theory and Stuart Hall’s Cultural Identity & Diaspora theory were employed as a framework. The
findings demonstrated that Anakin Skywalker has the characteristic of a subaltern, and that Anakin, in correlation with Hall’s diaspora
theory, is a displaced entity whose identity is deconstructed and lost by the dominant postcolonial society. The study demonstrates thatthe oppression and cultural domination of postcolonial society is in large part responsible for the loss of identity.
60474

10:50-11:15

Filipino American Identity in ‘Something in Between’Bussaraporn Macharoen, Srinakarinwirot University, Thailand
Supaporn Yimwilai, Srinakarinwirot University, Thailand

Identity development is essential in all human lives. Adolescents who are members of ethnic minority groups are seemingly more confused
about their identity. This paper was to explore Filipino American identity development of the main character, Jasmine de Santos, in Melissa
de la Cruz’s Something in Between. It is analyzed within the theoretical framework of Jean Kim’s Asian American Identity Development,
the concept of Homi K. Bhabha’s hybridity, and Edward Said’s Otherness. In Something in Between, De la cruz uncovers the issuesof ethnic identity development that responds to the modern and multicultural society in the U.S. Although Jasmine acknowledges her
minority status at first, cultural conflicts and contacts with the White majority cause Jasmine difficulties in identifying herself and leads
her to have negative attitudes toward her ethnicity. However, political involvement helps her overcome her identity conflict and develop a
full sense of her ethnic identity. Jasmine represents herself as a Filipino American—the hybrid—who is inseperatedly positioned between
American and Filipino standpoint. Hybridity is found as the key concept rendering Jasmine’s new life perspective and enabling Jasmine
to merge her strong sense of being Filipino American into other identities.
56418

11:15-11:40

Not Ideology, Engines: The Poetry of Cathy Park Hong
Brian Willems, University of Split, Croatia

The poetry in Cathy Park Hong's Engine Empire (2012) is separated into three timelines: the period of Westward Expansion in the UnitedStates, a contemporary story of fine art reproduction in China, and a futurist story of data workers in California. These different sections
are united in their interrogation of empire from the perspective of the working class. I argue that the first timeline stages a representationof ideology in the traditional Althusserian sense, the second shows this representation as inadequate, and the final segment suggests
a new model for oppression. The key for this new model lies in the job the workers have: they work with data. The ruling class no longer
maintains its power through the ownership of capital. Instead, as McKenzie Wark argues in Capital is Dead (2019), the ruling class "ownsand controls information". This is no longer capitalism, "but something worse". In Hong's book, this "something worse" takes the formof the engine. While this sounds like an 18th-century concept, in Hong's hands the engine mercilessly combines a "total density" of
information with people who only have "one exact word to describe the shades of their sorrow". Thus the engine overwhelms people withinformation while leaving them with no real chance of expression. This is not how ideology works, this is something different. And it issomething much worse.

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11:50-12:40 | British Summer Time (UTC+1)

Friday Live Stream Session 3
Sexuality, Gender, Families
Session Chair: Carmina Untalan
60389

11:50-12:15

Gender Differences in Language About Feminism: Results From Sentiment Analysis and Use of Emojis on TwitterPeter Bußwolder, Independent Scholar, Germany

Social networks, such as Twitter with its around 192 million active users per day, are increasingly changing the way how people accessinformation, communicate with each other, express opinions and discuss a wide range of topics. An example of a rather controversial
topic is feminism. This study tries to shed light on the used language and emojis when discussing feminism on Twitter. Emojis are graphic
symbols, representing inter alia facial expressions, but also objects, food or drinks animals, or emotions and feelings. For the analysis,
195.843 evaluable tweets were collected between the end of February until the beginning of March 2021, covering the International
Women’s Day and part of Women's History Month. Then, a quantitative approach is employed to evaluate the sentiment value of tweets
on a lexical level. Sentiment analysis enables the investigation of public emotions about events, opinions, persons etc. Together with thesentiment value of the emojis, it provides the basis to analyse the identified words and topics of the discussions on Twitter. Additionally,as Twitter does not provide the gender of a user, the gender is tried to be derived from unstructured data such as the screen or username
as well as the description. Results indicate that female users send in average tweets with a more positive tone than male users, while
negative tweets are not significantly different between genders. Emojis are only used in a part of all tweets. The emojis used is correlated
to the sentiment value of the tweet.
60635

12:15-12:40

Culture and Human Resource Management: Understanding Communication in the Ages of Globalization
Geoffrey Ditta, Nebrija University, Spain

This paper will examine the international management of culture and human resources communication. The various movements ofhuman resources and competencies have implicated the phenomena of culture exchange worldwide. Intercultural conflicts, interculturalcompetencies, and intercultural management are topics humans did not face decades ago. Researchers worked on these differences andhow we can accept and cultivate the cultural differences in society. The modern globalized world is in motion, flows of goods, capital,
services, people, information and ideas. In this context, whenever the issue of economic globalization is addressed, the word always refers
to economic globalization, the one that finds its expression in global markets, capital, the flow of products and information, global media
operations. In this quotation, we want to show that globalization will produce universal attitudes, practices, and institutions or a new birthof global culture. Inevitably and most of the time, organizations personnel are going to be separated geographically. Organizations also areunable to identify regional, international market and subculture differences. Companies and international structures operating in different
zones and geography will be a determinant factor for their development. Start with the regional, national international and intercontinental
cultures to adapt the product and human resources. In a period of expansion, we need to find new opportunities. Weaknesses in cultural
management can limit everyone to their own culture. Acknowledging the different ways of working, multiculturalism can offer workers
new openings.

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12:50-13:40 | British Summer Time (UTC+1)

Friday Live Stream Session 4
Arts
Session Chair: Monty P. Satiadarma
60430

12:50-13:15

The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Ethical Impact on the Economic Operations of Neo-pentecostal /Charismatic
Megachurches in Ghana
Isaac Osei-Tutu, University of Zurich, Switzerland

Neo-Pentecostal/Charismatic (nPC) megachurches in Ghana depend largely on cash-offerings from church members for their operations.
The COVID-19 pandemic threatens the constant inflow of money for the management and economic sustenance of these churches, as
churches no longer meet as usual for congregants, who are the main contributors to church-economy, to make cash-offerings. Church
members, on their part, expect economic reliefs from church during the pandemic. The situation raises a concern and criticism towards
church-leaders and believers on church financial income, welfare for church members, and the economic future of church. In all this,ethics plays an essential role regarding the economic responsiveness and responsibility of church towards members, society, and itself
in times of need. The question emerging from this, therefore, is: How ethical do neo-Pentecostal/Charismatic megachurches react to the
COVID-19 pandemic in their economic operations and care for church members, society, and themselves? This paper seeks to answer
this question in a comparative case study of two Ghanaian megachurches. Methodologically, it applies ethnography, sources qualitative
data from documents, church websites and interviews with pastors and congregants, and employs content analysis as analytical
approach. Addressing scholars and nPC church-stakeholders, the paper aims at deepening the knowledge on the economic and ethicalresponsiveness of churches – in terms of Ecclesial/Corporate Social Responsibility – during pandemic and financial crisis, so that they
are informed on the economic resilience of newer but booming religious organisations in Africa exemplified in the nPC megachurches.
COVID-19 serves as an economic litmus-test for these megachurches, prompting them to a deeper ethical self-check.
60264

13:15-13:40

Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v Cuomo: Spreading the Faith or Superspreading the Faith?
Lin Allen, University of Northern Colorado, United States
Dale Edwards, University of Northern Colorado, United States

Between evangelization and endangerment, advocates voice competing claims about sacred worship versus safety welfare in the era of
Covid-19. These competing claims revolve around restrictions imposed by various governing authorities to quell the health devastationof Covid-19, including restrictions on religious gatherings, and the objection to those restrictions on the basis of the United States
Constitution’s First Amendment Free Exercise clause. The First Amendment includes five freedoms: speech, assembly, press, petition for
redress of grievances, and religion. Sorting out competing claims of Covid-19 restrictions and ruling on the entities to which they apply
required judicial interpretation by the United States Supreme Court.
Our study explores the arguments advanced in this controversy, hypothesizing that two distinct universes of discourse provide clues tointerpretation. To reveal these two discourse universes, we analyze the case transcript and press coverage of the case. Drawing uponMichel Foucault’s discursive formation as our theoretical construct, we examine the language of governing roles, rules, and regulations
that exist explicitly and implicitly in the transcript and reportage. We advance two research questions: RQ1: How does a judicial discursive
formation weigh arguments about religious restrictions in Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v Cuomo? RQ2: How do media weighand portray legal arguments about religious restrictions in Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v Cuomo? These questions, formulated
through Foucault’s template, reveal the discursive impetus and implications of the United States Supreme Court’s ruling: spreading or
super spreading the faith?

Like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/iaforjapan | ECAH/EuroMedia2021 | IAFOR.ORG | 29

Submit your research to the
Notes

IAFOR Journal of Media,
Communication & Film
Editor: Dr Celia Lam
ISSN: 2187-0667
Contact: ijmcf@iafor.org / publications@iafor.org
The IAFOR Journal of Media, Communication & Film publishes scholarship exploring
the relationship between society, film and media including new and digital media.
The journal publishes articles based on findings from original research and/or
theoretical concerns, interviews (with academics and filmmakers), and book and film
reviews relating to media, mass communication, film and documentary and pertaining
to one or more of the following specialisations: new and digital media; Asian media
and globalisation; trends in Asian media and film; media’s social responsibility;communication ethics; social media usage; issues related to gender and ethnicity;
politics and aesthetics; media, society and religion.
The journal’s focus is on Asia and Asian cultures’ interaction and interrelation withthe wider world. While some journal issues will privilege scholarship particular to
specific countries, cultures, ethnicities or demographics, other editions will beorganised according to themes designated by the editors and will not necessarily
relate to any particular national situation. The journal will endeavour, in particular, togive a voice to scholars considering hitherto unexamined aspects of contemporary
media and visual culture, with the aim of providing new perspectives and keeping
abreast of socio-political changes.
Indexed in: DOAJ, Communication Source, SHERPA/RoMEO and Google Scholar. DOIs
are assigned to each published issue and article via Crossref.
For details of how to submit your paper, view the Author Guidelines on the journal website:www.iafor.org/journal/iafor-journal-of-media-communication-and-film/

30 | IAFOR.ORG | ECAH/EuroMedia2021 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

Saturday,
July 24
Parallel Sessions
All times are in British Summer Time (UTC+1)
bstracts appear as originally submitted by the author. Any spelling,grammatical, or typographical errors are those of the author.

Like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/iaforjapan | ECAH/EuroMedia2021 | IAFOR.ORG | 31

09:00-10:40 | British Summer Time (UTC+1)

Saturday Live Stream Session 1
Communication
Session Chair: Celia Lam
60705

09:00-09:25

The Depiction of Democracy in Japan’s Newspapers
Jun Tsukada, Kanagawa University, JapanThe goal of this study is to understand what ‘kind’ of democracy is being depicted by two Japanese major newspapers. 493 articles
were chosen from Asahi and Sankei newspapers, which are located at opposing ends of the political spectrum. The study observed
what kind of attributes were associated to the term democracy, or "Minshushugi" in the specified newspapers. It was found thatbetween 2000 and 2017, the articulation of democracy in the news was highly diversified, at times contradictory but most of the times
ambiguous lacking articulation over its normative and political attributes. The presence of "democracy" in the news is not in any way
unwelcomed, but when the manner in which it is depicted can provoke a sense of uncertainty or confusion as seen in this study, it may
discourage citizens to engage in something that they do not feel confident nor familiar.
60079

09:25-09:50

Interactivity, Interpretation and Immersivity: The New Literacies of Multimodal Literary Longform Journalism
Andrew Duffy, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Lydia Small, University of Leeds, United Kingdom

Multimodality is now becoming a stock-in-trade for longform journalism projects epitomised by the New York Times’ Snow Fall.
Responsibility shifts from the journalist to tell the story to the reader to access the literacy skills to read it. As they immerse themselvesin the narrative, they piece together the elements and switch between media modes: text, hypertext, image, graphic, audio and video.
What is less acknowledged is the social changes reflected in the logics and architecture of the Internet which have similarly givenrise to how multimedia storytelling is created and consumed. Social media has offered an alternative approach to reporting on andunderstanding the world, which is more in tune with everyday human interaction, a mixture of fact and opinion, objective reality andsubjective interpretation. On the Internet, multimedia stories compete with games, entertainment and social interaction, and as aresult this paper argues they have taken on some of the colouration of all three. As a result, new literacy skills for multimodal longformnarratives include interactivity, interpretation, and immersivity. To investigate these emerging news literacies, this study performs acontent analysis of award-winners in the ‘excellence in innovation and visual digital storytelling’ category of the Online JournalismAwards, to observe how each literacy might be required when reading these exemplars of multimodal longform journalism.
60279

09:50-10:15

Tourism Communication, Technology, and COVID-19: The Challenges of Spiritual Destination Branding inIndonesia
Dian Tamitiadini, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia
Ananda Sabil Hussein, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia
Raditha Dwi Vata Hapsar, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia

All of the industrial sectors such as tourism are hardly affected by the outbreak of the COVID-19. Struggling with the current crisis
situation, spiritual tourism that is inseparable from physical experience, cultural, and religious practices should re-manage theiractivity through an intensive communication process. This research applying a qualitative research method to explore the narratives
from the management and visitors of spiritual destinations. As the result, there are two major challenges in developing spiritual
tourism in Indonesia during COVID-19 situation. The first is tourism communication. The management of spiritual destination mustreform their communication strategy to promote the value of spiritual tourism. As a sector which works on tourist experience, spiritual
tourism put sacredness as their main identity. Perceived sacredness is an essential attributes in determining spiritual tourism. The
other challenge is how to transfer that criteria in to new media platform. The involvement of technology, take a big role in communicating
the sacredness elements of spiritual tourism without losing the essentials. Some of spiritual destination managers forced to promote
all the spiritual or religious activity online such as live streaming of Hinduism Ceremony in Bali and Virtual Pilgrimage in East Java.
Unfortunately, not all destination managers are ready to adapt. The difference of background has become the boundaries for themto keep their existence in tourism business. Social media can be the most possible answer to response this crisis by considering thebasic entities for spiritual destination branding.
60130

10:15-10:40

Form, Genre, Experiment – the Structure of the Radio Art
Natalia Kowalska-Elkader, University of Lodz, Poland

The theme of this presentation is radio art and its form. The main aim is to describe the nature of radio experiment and determinantsof radio art. Crucial for me are also documentary elements of radio art and the relations between radio art and journalism. I focus on
the genre pattern based on the press genres research that is adjusted to the audio forms. In the analysis of the radio experiment it isimportant to me how it is related with modern radio art. In the presentation I will also try to define the ruling principles of experimental
form. Literature theory, journalism genres and genre’s pattern theory will be the referring points for this study. The theoretical basis
includes, among others, the theory of ‘Pure Form’ devised by Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz and Susan Sontag’s theory of interpretation.
Later in the text, issues of aesthetics and anti-aesthetics, such as noise, are mentioned. The employed methods include literary
analysis and criticism as well as some elements of structural analysis. The research questions I ask myself are related to the wayof creating experimental works, their form and its relation to the content. The examples analyzed in this article were broadcasts by
Gregory Whitehead, Eugeniusz Rudnik, Tomasz Plata and Antye Greie.

32 | IAFOR.ORG | ECAH/EuroMedia2021 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

10:50-12:30 | British Summer Time (UTC+1)

Saturday Live Stream Session 2
Film
Session Chair: Paul Spicer
60501

10:50-11:15

Time-Capsule-Time-Images from Phillip K. Dick to the Present Tense
David Toohey, Nagoya University, Japan

This paper looks at examples of how science fiction has transcended temporal limitations to warn people in different eras about thepersistent dangers of militarized technology. In particular, it looks at how the lessons of one era may—the Cold War—may be reworked
to contemporary international political conflict. This paper does so by looking at Phillip K. Dick’s fiction and contemporary cinematic
adaptations of it. This paper uses Bernard Stiegler's (2011) and Gilles (1989) Deleuze’s theories of media as simulation and provocationof thought through manipulation time to illuminate not just a thought process from individuals experiencing literature and film, butalso the transportability of such thought potential through time. This process is referred to here as a time-capsule-time-image. This
paper will pay special attention to some of these adaptation limitations: persistent racial stereotyping in Hollywood cinema despite theupdated settings. While the directors of films like Total Recall and Next avoided 1950s settings there is an updated problematic wayof dealing with the Other in these films that alters the racism of the 1950s to the xenophobia of the 1990s and beyond. Phillip K. Dick
did not support prejudice. This paper will pay attention to how Phillip K Dick’s themes were manipulated to contemporary themes, e.g.
from the Cold War to corporate neoliberal domination. Of special importance is the meaning of communicating with the future when:a) people in your own era ignores you, and b) the existence of a future.
59826

11:15-11:40

European Francophone Essay Film and Cinema Movements and Practices
Lourdes Monterrubio Ibáñez, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, FranceThis communication aims to analyse the relationships between the European francophone essay film and the different cinematic
movements and expressions of which it has been part. Born out of modern cinema, this “form which thinks” abandoned the canons offiction and documentary films in order to explore an unknown territory defined by cinematic subjectivity, hybridisation and thinking
process to accomplished a fascinating evolution. During the last two decades of the 20th century, the postmodern thinking andculture, along with the development of video recording technology, have enabled its consolidation, allowing it to find its true nature.
In the beginning of the 21st century, this essayistic practice has known a great proliferation due to the digital revolution, which has
facilitated the experience of intimacy in this filmic form. From modern cinema to contemporary cinema, from militant cinema to
expanded cinema, from analogue to digital support, the European francophone essay film has evolved in relation to these cinematic
practices and expressions, regarding both the enunciative devices used to create its thinking process –from the clearly codedintermedial forms to the complexification and even saturation of the audio-visual discourse– and the themes addressed –expressionof imagination, revolutionary action, philosophical analysis, social vindication, or intimate reflection, among others.
60045

11:40-12:05

Resilience Through Fiction: Cinematographic Characters as a Way to Face the Adversities of the 21st Century
Luis Miguel Cruz López, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain

Throughout its more than one hundred years of history, cinema has pursued different objectives. Inform, educate, entertain, comfort,
the latter being especially relevant in a 21st century characterized by pain, suffering and uncertainty caused by all kinds of events
such as terrorism, wars, economic crises and even a pandemic. The purpose of this paper is to understand the way in which cinema
has helped global society to face real-life problems in the last two decades. This based on an analysis of the most representative
movie characters for the audiences in the period from 2001 to 2020, whose influence is not only palpable in the box-office, but also
in a series of different actions performed by society such as trending online searches, the usage of their faces or scenes for viral
images, and of any other representative elements in all kind of socio-political protests around the world. The study uses a comparative
analysis that fragments the research material in four areas that consist in basic information, physical-physiological, sociological andpsychological aspects that allow us to delve into their different characteristics so we may understand which ones have become asource of inspiration for many, but also a mirror where people may reflect and find a way to cope with their own adversities.
60646

12:05-12:30

Participatory Filmmaking Methods in the Context of a Transdisciplinary Global Challenges Research Fund Project
Christine Cornea, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom

In September 2019 I began working on a Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) project to help tackle health, nutrition, educationand environmental issues in developing countries. This project draws upon interdisciplinary expertise across the University of East
Anglia, involving researchers from the sciences, arts and humanities working together and with overseas partner universities, NGOs
and industry to develop innovative solutions as well as tools for communication and impact in tackling key global challenges. As one ofsix lead Investigators, part of my chosen remit for this project was to utilize and develop the visual and narrative power of short film forthe three-fold purpose of communication, education and dissemination. In conjunction with scientists working on the Microplastics,
Sustainable Food Systems, and Child Malnutrition strands of this GCRF project, I have so far produced nine short documentary films.
This paper focuses on my development of cross-cultural participatory methodologies in the making of two of these films, which
involved the supply of filmmaking equipment, on-site training and working with marginalized communities in Odisha and Bihar in
India. While this has proved successful, particularly in initiating the production of an ongoing series of locally produced films, thispaper will critically reflect upon both the value/utility and difficulties/limitations of employing participatory methods in the context
of this project. The paper will then conclude by looking at how I am currently modifying/extending these participatory methods toconfront the challenges of continuing to produce film outputs for this project in the middle of a global pandemic.

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12:40-14:20 | British Summer Time (UTC+1)

Saturday Live Stream Session 3
Arts & Humanities
Session Chair: Timothy W. Pollock
59741

12:40-13:05

Analysing Politeness Changes when Speaking Indonesian and English: A Case Study of Indonesian-English Multilingual
Imelda Husein, Indonesia University of Education, Indonesia
Aceng Ruhendi Syaifullah, Indonesia University of Education, Indonesia

Being fluent in English as a foreign language in Indonesia is not as easy as learning the language itself since English is not common to use in Indonesia.
However, there are some Indonesian speakers who are able to speak English fluently. Considering cultural native background and the target language
cultural background, it will create different types of politeness. However, several studies which have been conducted mostly focused on a specific situation
in some countries, meanwhile this study focus on two different situations in Indonesia considering their different cultural native background. This study
entitled “Analysing Politeness Changes when Speaking Indonesian and English: A Case Study of Indonesian- English Multilingual” is aimed to investigate
their politeness changes when they speak English and Indonesian or native language. This study used qualitative research involving ten Indonesian speakers
who speak English fluently with different cultural backgrounds. The sample was taken purposively in order to get the uniqueness. The data is collectedbased on observation, interview, and questionnaires. Observations were conducted in this study to investigate their interaction during community meetingsand gathering for five meetings. An interview was also be conducted to find out their perception about their politeness changing. The questionnaires results
were shown to see the differences between Indonesian bilingual and multilingual. The findings showed that their politeness changes in particular contexts.
Therefore, it is suggested that if it is necessary, EFL speakers in Indonesia respect other cultures and values in order to have better communication.
59980

13:05-13:30

Cultural-cognitive Institutional Level Shaping the Agency of Minority Teachers in Post-soviet Estonia
Liudmila Zaichenko, Tallinn University, Estonia

In this study, I report on how professional agency of minority schools teachers in Estonia can be constrained by certain institutional barriers, including
barriers which occur on a cultural-cognitive level and may be grounded in dispositions and believes of the society. This is significant because minority
teachers in many countries may face dramatic obstacles in the course of building their ‘integration projects’ inside the host nation-state. The case of
post-soviet Estonia may evidence how these teachers professional agency as a potential tool for transformation and integration may be ‘mediatedideationally’ and constrained by the path-depended institutional mechanisms, which don't provide for the transformative dimension of agency tooccur. I believe that this study is appropriate for the chosen stream because it addresses the problems of integration and inequalities inside national
education context. The case of Estonia seems to be of a particular interest as this country has shown outstanding progress in development andintegration in the European space during the recent 30 years, however it still is distinct in its highest segregation in all societal domains. Education
system is one of the examples of this institutional disequilibrium. I dare to hope the readership of the journal may find valuable insights from thisqualitative study about the path-dependency of institutional cultural-cognitive levels, which shape agentic orientations of ethnic minorities.
60669

13:30-13:55

Creative Approaches for Resilient Citizenship Education

Ana Gonçalves Matos, NOVA University Lisbon, Portugal
Adam Newman Turner, School Development Support Agency, United Kingdom
Creative Approaches to New Democracy through Innovative Inclusive Citizenship Education (CANDIICE) is an Erasmus+ five-country collaboration
project to provide active, creative, arts-based learning resources using digital technologies and staff training to help future generations makedemocracy work inclusively for their harmonious futures. We advocate the arts can help us find ways to look through the complexities of current
issues and problems and (re)build a sustainable future, together. In our view, the arts can be an entry point to citizenship education practices because
they invite learners, as citizens, to read critically the world around them, not just the written word. Art affects us intellectually and emotionally andmay help us practise ‘listening as a condition of vision’, think about how we think, consider good questions to be asked, and move us towards
transformative social action. This presentation will explore some of CANDIICE’s conceptual approaches aiming at actively engaging learners in the
pursuit of a ‘decent, sustainable common life’. The project’s activities have an educational digital component and are related to the United Nation’s
SDG4, and to the CIPSH Chair on Digital Humanities in Education, furthering the development of critical thinking skills, collaborative work, empathy,
curiosity, and resilience, all crucial ingredients to educate for full citizenship. We want to encourage educators to be ambitious, hopeful, and always
creative, as Paulo Freire said “there is no change without dreams, as there is no dream without hope” so, let’s imagine immensities.
60271

13:55-14:20

The Silk Roads, 300 BCE to 1700 CE: Connecting the World for Two Millennia
Melissa Miller, University of Southern California, United States
Danielle Mihram, University of Southern California, United States

The trade networks of the Silk Roads offered an astonishing array of intellectual and cultural influences, which, through the exchange ofknowledge and ideas, both verbal and written, still reverberate throughout our societal framework today. Science, arts and literature, textiles andtechnologies were shared and disseminated into societies along the lengths of these routes, and, through this exchange, languages, religions,and cultures developed and influenced one another. In this paper we describe the development of our collaborative exhibition at the Universityof Southern California(USC)which draws upon artifacts in our collections and those of partner institutions. This initiative includes two phases:
First, working with faculty, staff, and students across USC departments, as well as external collaborators, we are focusing on written artifacts—
the books, manuscripts, and other vehicles for nonverbal communication—that connected different Silk Road communities and created entirely
new cultures. Rather than impose chronological or historical divisions, the organization of our exhibition is based on geography. Visitors will
walk through and view objects as they would travel along the Silk Roads. The aim is both to introduce visitors to specific peoples and places
that mark the Eurasian land mass while, at the same time, preserving the sense of formidable disorientation that so many interlinked empires
and ideas create for modern travelers. Secondly, a companion one-day event, Stolen Recipes: Migrant Food Worlds of the Silk Roads, traces thehidden cultural exchanges underlying the foods originating along the Silk Roads and widely available to us in Los Angeles today.

34 | IAFOR.ORG | ECAH/EuroMedia2021 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)ECAH Virtual
Presentations(Pre-Recorded)
Watch pre-recorded Virtual Presentations on the following webpages:

vimeo.com/channels/ecah2021
Abstracts appear as originally submitted by the author. Any spelling, grammatical, or
typographical errors are those of the author.

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vimeo.com/channels/ecah2021

ECAH2021 Virtual Presentations (Pre-Recorded)
Aesthetics, Design
60246

Mnemosphere: An Interdisciplinary Research Between Memory of Places, Emotions and Atmosphere of Space
Clorinda Sissi Galasso, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Marta Elisa Cecchi, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Ingrid Calvo Ivanovic, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Ambra Borin, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Claudia Mastrantoni, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Martina Scagnoli, Politecnico di Milano, italy

The transmission of memory seems to be an obsession of our time. This issue has been addressed by different disciplines and approaches.
Design, as a discipline that contributes to the enhancement of culture, can help to expand the horizon of memory studies, but so far thisissue is still undefined and blurred. Mnemosphere project, through an interdisciplinary approach, investigates the ways in which thememory of places is designed and communicated through experiential spaces capable of stimulating emotions. The research proposesa dialogue between communication design and exhibition design, in the atmospheric and aesthetic dimension, with emphasis on thetranslation of content into a system for the understanding of the mnestic space set up. This is done with special attention to the topics
of emotions, chromatic perception, and the design of temporary spaces and services. The research first considers the articulation of
a common lexicon regarding the memory of places, atmospheres of spaces and atlas of emotions, among others. Then, the project
analises devices for activating the memory in exhibition spaces, through data collection and defines parameters for the design of future
spaces related to memory and emotions. The result is the collective construction of an archive of audiovisual materials for the concepts
proposed. This is being done through an open call that has been spread online through the project’s platforms. The shared archive andresults will be available online to contribute for a further perspective on design studies connected with memory and spaces.

Arts - Media Arts Practices: Television, Multimedia, Digital, Online andOther New Media
59651

Personal Branding on Instagram: The Challenges Encountered by Saudi Women Exercisers
Wesam Basabain, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia

Some athletes have attracted millions of audiences, even if being namely recognized. Cristiano Ronaldo, Lionel Messi, Neymar JR., andDavid Beckham have the most Instagram followers in the world. Such applications allow users to establish their profiles to communicate
with each other by several actions such as follows, comments, likes, etc. Currently, athletes are utilizing Online Social Networks for selfbranding purposes; thus, many studies examined this practice. From the rising of Model of Athlete Brand Image MABi offline practices
by Arai, Ko, and Kaplanidou (2013) to the development of online engagements by Doyle, Su, and Kunkel (2020), all studies concerned
examining three main categories to build an athlete-brand; athletic performance, attractive appearance, and marketable lifestyles. I ama Saudi woman personal trainer who uses Instagram to build my brand image. Thus, I aim to conduct an analytic auto-ethnography
reflecting on my personal experience as an insider and understand other Saudi women athletes as outsiders. Considerably, many studies
investigated athlete-branding on social media built their understanding following the MABI; however, the cultural aspect is not highlighted
yet. Muslim women are culturally conservative; they disguise their bodies in public as a religious practice. My qualitative descriptive
research aims to fill the gap of cultural motives, outcomes, and challenges of online athlete-branding following the five key features ofAnalytic Auto-ethnography methodology. To conduct my study, I aim to reach a thick description by collecting data through focus groups,
in-depth interviews, and online observations of my own and my participants' Instagram visual content.
60204

The Impact of Snapchat Beautifying Filters on Beauty Standards and Self-image: A Self-Discrepancy Approach
Rania M. Alsaggaf, University of King Abdul Aziz, Saudi Arabia

This study explores the problematic nature of Snapchat’s beautifying filters by presenting Saudi women’s perceptions of self-beauty andreactions to these face-perfecting filters, from satisfaction to self-discrepancy. It expands the existing literature on Snapchat filters tousers from Eastern regions. It uses the self-discrepancy theory to show the impact of perceived discrepancies between the actual andideal self in facial images that use Snapchat filters, showing its impact on beauty standards and emotions. This study demonstrates thetension between the temporary satisfaction and confidence boost provided by filters and the simultaneous self-discrepancy that affects
some women negatively. The study utilizes "social distant” method of research. It is based on interviews conducts on ten Saudi women.
The study emphasized the role of personality, self-beauty confidence, and faith in shaping the intensity of the impact. The results show
a fluctuation in women’s perceptions of the effect of filters on beauty standards, from filters merely emphasizing well-known standards
to promoting new ones, causing women to enhance their actual self to reach an idealized look. This study argues that, to some extent,
Snapchat filters are fake, unpleasant, and distorting.

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vimeo.com/channels/ecah2021

ECAH2021 Virtual Presentations (Pre-Recorded)
History/Historiography
60491

The Attitude of Resistance Press Towards Greek Women Who Were Involved With the Enemy
Georgia Eglezou, Panteion University, Greece

The position of women in Greece as other countries, changed significantly as a result of WW2. The absence of men forced women to leave
their homes and seek work and learn how to survive under many hardships. In Greece the situation for women deteriorated even further
with the arrival of occupying forces. The first units of the Wehrmacht entered Athens on 27 April 1941 and were followed by the Italianforces. Athens remained occupied until October 1944. The resulting Allied blockage caused life to become unbearable for the majority of
the civilians, among them many women peaking in the winter of 1941-42 when a significant number of people died due to famine. Women
who had been working as prostitutes before the war, continued working with the occupied forces. Many women saw it as an opportunity
to make money. Alongside the prostitutes, women, even those from good families, who could not survive with the money they were earningfrom their jobs or women who had no other source of income for themselves and for their families sold their bodies to the enemy. The
present paper will explore the resistance (illegal) press’s attitude towards the women who were sexually involved with the enemy, at a timethat the resistance was getting stronger and stronger. The resistance press initially handwritten and later in mimeograph aimed to inform
people about the successes of the resistance and to raise the morale. It also stigmatised traitorous behaviour. The paper will focus on
articles which were published in the resistance press which stigmatised women who had any type of involvement with the enemy against
the interests of their country.

Language, Linguistics
60185

A Comparative Analysis of Romeyka and Turkish Personal Experience Narratives
Gülsüm Aydın, Boğaziçi University, Turkey

In this presentation, I offer a comparative study of personal experience narratives in Turkish and Romeyka, an endangered Greek dialect
spoken in northern Turkey. There has been not enough research on Romeyka, and not one of them deals with Romeyka's sociolinguistic
structure. This paper compares and contrasts Turkish and Romeyka narratives produced by two Turkish-Romeyka bilingual speakers
and investigates aspects of Turkish influence on Romeyka narratives, adopting the Labovian framework and similarity with Modern Greek
narrative. A lot can be inferred about Romeyka and its social and structural qualities from analyzing the narratives uttered by bilingual
Romeyka and Turkish speakers. Through this fieldwork, I have found the Turkish loanwords' usage rate and its relation to Romeyka
identity, narratives' suitability with the Labovian framework, how and why Romeyka lacks connection with Modern Greek, and how it
triggers changes in speakers' Turkish narrative characteristics.

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vimeo.com/channels/ecah2021

ECAH2021 Virtual Presentations (Pre-Recorded)
Literature/Literary Studies
60254‘Climate Fiction Narratives’: A Study of Maja Lundes Novels – The History of Bees and The End of the Ocean
Mega J Pandya, Manipal Institute of Communication, India

Climate fiction (Cli-fi) is a genre that is gaining momentum over the last decade due to the proclivity in the environmental imagination
towards issues concerning climate change. As such, this interdisciplinary area calls upon new voices in the literary scape to addresspressing environmental concerns that plague us today. In a growing dystopian world where terra-transformation is the norm, disrupting
fixities in life as also influencing the Anthropocene setting on a global scale, cli-fi provides a potentially fertile field of study in the broad
humanities. Perhaps, it is at this juncture in the contemporary scenario, that the emerging voice of the visionary Norwegian writer Maja
Lunde needs to be heard the most. The author in her two novels - The History of Bees and The End of the Ocean, opens a complementing
intersection via the ‘land’ versus the ‘water’ perspective on matters of climate change and mitigation. Stemming from this line of enquiry,
the research study at hand attempts to closely examine the following key precepts: literary attempts in eco-historicism, an explorationof the theme of climate mitigation and adaptation, the author’s attitude towards climate education and ecological consciousness as
evolving through various characters, and also viewpoints on post-modern vs. post-carbon descriptions of environmental utopia(s) and/or dystopia(s). In this connection, the study provides a thematic and conceptual frame of analysis to configure the critical standpoints
it dwells upon. Interesting key findings include the theme of ‘Biophilia hypothesis’ as well as the ‘time-theory perspective’ which Lunde
integrates into her novels.
60407“There Is Always the Other Side, Always”: Women’s Voice and Identity in Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea and Kanafani’s Umm Saad
Aya Halabi, An-Najah National University, Palestine

Published in the 1960s, Ghassan Kanafani’s Umm Saad and Jean Rhys's Wide Sargasso Sea portray a gendered image of women under
the shadow of patriarchy and post-colonialism. With this in mind, this paper calls into question the differences in the representations of
women’s voice and identity from the perspective of a female author and a male author. The selection of these two texts is justified by thefact that both delineate the most vibrant depictions of women, ‘the other side’, toiling to persist subsequent to the Emancipation Act inWide Sargasso Sea, and the 1967 war in Umm Saad. The paper argues that Kanafani places the Palestinian woman, represented by Umm
Saad, in a biological mold as a mother. Kanafani’s pen confiscates her freedom to have a name by associating her to her son, the protectorof the motherland. Evidently, she’s deprived of having a distinctive identity as she can only be defined within the societal, patriarchal, andbiological constraints. Umm Saad is coerced to have a passive role and a silenced voice in the Palestinian narrative while the dynamic
influential role is an exclusive privilege of men. Conversely, Rhys attempts to contravene the established masculine rules of possessing
women, silencing their voices, and monopolizing the narrative by empowering Antoinette to tell the real story of ‘the other side’. Antoinette,in contrast to Umm Saad, eventually regains her identity and finds her voice iconized by burning and demolishing Thornfield, the houseof patriarchy and oppression.

Philosophy, Ethics, Consciousness
60114

Resilience in Our Hour of Need

Jytte Holmqvist, University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom
In these transformative times of interrupted realities we take a step back, not of our own free will but by force, after prior to COVID-19
having been engaged in a frantic rush forward in search for some unattainable goal while the past was left forgotten in the dust andmaterial hype mattered more than ever. While a large part of the world is now suffering and the elderly are more vulnerable than ever–dying or, perhaps rather, sacrificed, in what feels like unprecedented numbers families are left to mourn alone, not always able to gather
around their loved ones at the time of farewell to the body and the “living soul”. As we watch the world change, in disbelief, no longer are
we in control nor are we as powerful as we once believed. This all-consuming, pervasive, seemingly never-ending pandemic teaches us toappreciate the greater value of nature, to really see “the other”, and to understand the true meaning of "less is more". And while we slowly
realise there is no turning back and that the virus was perhaps written in the cards all along, we must practise resilience and mindfulness
and ultimately step away from ourselves to see the bigger picture. This paper looks at our word in a both emotional and pragmatic lightwhile it draws on existentialist theories of Søren Kierkegaard and Simone de Beauvoir –both inquisitive souls and ultimately refreshingly
modern and matter-of-fact about what really matters and is at the core of human existence.

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EuroMedia Virtual
Presentations(Pre-Recorded)
Watch pre-recorded Virtual Presentations on the following webpages:

vimeo.com/channels/euromedia2021
Abstracts appear as originally submitted by the author. Any spelling, grammatical, or
typographical errors are those of the author.

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vimeo.com/channels/euromedia2021

EuroMedia2021 Virtual Presentations (Pre-Recorded)
Advertising, Marketing, & Public Relations
60653

Website Advertisement: Examining the Effect of Interactivity and Curiosity on Consumers’ Cognitive Absorption
and Knowledge Acquisition
Jinhee Seo, University of Oklahoma, United States

One of the goals of effective advertising is to ensure not only attracting the target consumers’ attention, but also engenders their interestand informs the consumer in terms of product benefits and positioning (Aaker, Batra, & Myeers, 1992). Interactivity influences users'
mental mapping of the information shown on the website (Xu & Sundar, 2016). One of the ways to stimulate users' motivation for learning
is to trigger their curiosity about technology or content. According to the findings of previous studies, consumer’s motivation and ability
to acknowledge new information is enhanced when curiosity is generated or curiosity-based elaboration in terms of new information isfostered (Berlyne 1960; Loewenstein, 1994). While consumer interacts with the content on the website, their choice or pattern for seeking
or processing information can be altered by initiating their curiosity. The curiosity has an impact on users’ motivation of behavior, initiating
actions to fill the gaps of their knowledge by exploring and attempting to understand the environment they run into (Arnone, Small,Chauncey, & McKenna, 2011). In this paper, the study is conducted to discover the factors influencing and heightening the effectivenessof advertising concentrating on cognitive absorption and information acquisition through interactive Websites and direct effects from thefollowing factors, interactivity, and curiosity. Interactivity and curiosity in website advertising content are adopted considering cognitive
absorption and information processing and acquisition. The study adopts a 2 (interactivity or no interactivity) x 2 (curiosity triggergenerated ads or no trigger-generated ads) factorial, between-subjects design.

Critical and Cultural Studies, Gender and Communication
60624

No City for Fatal Women: Gender, Power, and Noir Convention in Marvel’s Jessica Jones
Karen Dellinger, National Taiwan University, Taiwan

This paper aims to analyze both the employment and subversion of traditional noir convention in the web television series Jessica Jones,
based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. While the series is more a crime drama than a superhero story and features
numerous elements that mark it as a work of neo-noir, it simultaneously subverts and reworks noir’s traditional portrayals of genderand power. Centered around a female, superpowered private investigator who suffers from PTSD due to a history of rape, violence, andmanipulation, Jessica Jones presents a version of urban femininity that embodies traits previously associated with the masculine, toughas-nails heroes of hard-boiled fiction, but also gives voice to the anxieties of contemporary womanhood. This paper will further examine
how the creators of Jessica Jones successfully incorporate elements of noir fiction into the series while opening new possibilities for the
genre’s representation of gender and power dynamics; it will conclude that, much as classic noir reflects the social issues and collective
anxieties of mid-century America, Jessica Jones—and potentially, neo-noir—brings forth the social issues that continue to weigh on ourcontemporary psyche, ushering in a new form of noir fiction that embodies new complexities.

Digital Media and Use of New Technology in Newsgathering
59700

New Technologies, Boundless Interactivity in the Digital Era and the Transformation of Newsgathering in
Nigeria: Evaluation of Fake News Theory
Joseph Wogu, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria

The emergence of new technologies and associated techniques in the communication industry has led to boundless interactivity acrossthe globe as well as the manipulation of photos, videos, data, and messages to influence the audience’s cognitive processes, which tend
to present false or misleading claims as news. With intent to cause outrage and shock, social media users share information on Facebook,
Twitter, and other forms of platforms without question. Most countries with a closed-system like Nigeria brand news gathered throughthe platforms as fake news because of their anti-government policies/actions, thereby making social media users engendered species.
Although, a new concept, scholars and media practitioners have adduced six theoretical propositions for comprehending and isolating
fake news. This paper evaluates these propositions using the EndSARS 2020 protest in Nigeria to find out which of the social media
and government accounts of the rally are fake news; and whether social media is a veritable platform for newsgathering considering its
vulnerability to technological manipulation. Logical inquiry, a survey of the literature, and ex post facto methods of data gathering, andtrend analysis were adopted by this researcher, for purposes of inference. The results of the study validate part of existing theoretical
propositions; reveal government account of the EndSARS protest as fake news; and social media as a relatively veritable source of
newsgathering.

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vimeo.com/channels/euromedia2021

EuroMedia2021 Virtual Presentations (Pre-Recorded)
Film Criticism and Theory
60148

The Debt of Roy Anderson’s Dark Humor to Samuel Beckett and the New Objectivity
Simin Dolatkhah, University of Tehran, IranOne of the main characteristics of Roy Anderson's movies is the dark humor and tragicomedy. Various art sources influence his darkhumor, such as Samuel Beckett's oeuvres and New Objectivity paintings. Beckett's approach towards tragicomedy can be discerned inAndersson's world and his comic figures. Andersson emphasizes on human being’s dark side to create comic characters. Passivity is asignificant, horrifying quality of modern subjects in his view, and it will be exploring in this paper. His similar figures, with their repetitive anddeadpan manners, question the contemporary world's passive subjects. This study employs Henri Bergson's ideas in "Laughter: An Essayon the Meaning of the Comic" and Incongruity Theory to investigate humor in Andersson's movies. In addition, the importance of social andpolitical context in Andersson’s works connects him to New Objectivity paintings. Two painters of this movement, George Grosz and Otto
Dix, are mentioned here. The reason is that their caricature manner and specific attention to the body are similar to Andersson's works.
This paper attempts to answer how Anderson establishes the comic tone of his movies and how his concerns and the aforementioned
inspirations impact his aesthetic choices. The findings indicate that Andersson benefits from Beckett’s works and New Objectivity paintings
to accentuate his critical approach to contemporary world issues. He uses comic devices, including similarity, repetition, and deadpan, toexpress his concerns. Andersson transforms all the influences from other artists into his unique way for his purposes.
60634

Ethno-cinematographic Rhizomes: Examples From the Independent Cinema of Apichatpong Weerasethakul
and Anocha Suwichakornpong
Alvaro Malaina, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain

We propose a conceptual framework of filmic analysis, the "ethno-cinematographic rhizome", as a parallel and convergent vehicle ofaudiovisual artistic creation and para-ethnographic observation of non-Western societies in today’s global era. It is based on the concept of"rhizome" by the French philosopher Gilles Deleuze, an "image of thought" that understands knowledge in a non-hierarchical and horizontal
way as an apprehension of the multiplicity and expansive horizontality of the real and that is opposed to the dominant epistemologicaltree-like model. We are going to apply this conceptual framework to two feature films from contemporary Thai independent cinema:
Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall his Past Lives (Apichatpong Weerasethakul, Lung Boonmee Raluek Chat, 2010) and By the Time it Gets
Dark (Anocha Suwichakornpong, Dao Khanong, 2016). We emphasize the fragmented rhizomatic structure of these films that present a
multiplicity of narrative and chronological lines that are assembled in a complex way to bring out a cinematographic apparatus of highaesthetic beauty and at the same time profound para-ethnographic knowledge of Thai social reality. They combine realistic with surreal andeven fantastic elements that show us the daily life of people and ethnic groups of Thai society while exploring its collective unconscious
populated by myths, dreams, historical traumas, supernatural entities and hybrid human/non-human beings. We propose that throughthese films we can capture deep sociological and anthropological knowledge of Thai society if we incorporate the open and expansive
epistemological framework of Deleuze's rhizome, becoming perfect examples of our concept of the "ethno-cinematographic rhizome".

Law, Policy & Media Ethics
59931

Contributions of Media Consumption, Media Type, and Media Genre to Polarizing Perceptions of Foster and Adoptive Care
Leslie Ponciano, Hope Education Research Solutions, United States
Noah Nash, Peace4Kids, United States
Zaid Gayle, Peace4Kids, United States

Despite high-profile media properties (Batman, Storm, Spiderman, Superman) with positive adoption and foster care stories, our researchfound that the public perceives that youth in foster care (FC) are negatively presented by the media as compared to youth in adoptive
care (AC) and that these portrayals contribute to corresponding perceptions for their real-life outcomes. A national survey (N=2487 adults
distributed across gender, race, age; 16% experienced FC/AC) asked about media consumption and perceptions. The most frequently
selected/highly ranked media portrayals for youth in FC were 1) Victim, 2) Survivor, 3) Criminal, and 4) Drug Addict and their mostfrequently identified real-life outcomes were 1) Unemployment, 2) School Dropout, 3) Teen Pregnancy, and 4) Incarceration. The mostfrequently selected/highly ranked media portrayals for youth in AC were 1) Survivor, 2) Loving Child/Parent, 3) Role Model, and 4) Mentor/
Guide and their most frequently identified real-life outcomes were 1) Healthy Relationships, 2) Financial Independence, 3) Career Success,and 4) College/Advanced Degree. The majority believed these portrayals to be accurate. We found significant negative relationships
between perceptions of AC and FC media portrayals (r=-.15, p<.05) and perceptions of AC and FC life outcomes (r=-.65, p<.001). The type(network channels, newspapers/news channels) and genre (news, drama) of media consumed significantly impacted the magnitude ofthose differences (R2 values - type: .02 to .10; genre: .03 to .11). These questionable media narratives and false dichotomy highlight theneed for more accurate and balanced portrayals of FC in media to support resiliency for vulnerable and marginalized youth.

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vimeo.com/channels/euromedia2021

EuroMedia2021 Virtual Presentations (Pre-Recorded)
Mass Communication
60506“Middle American Miserabilism”: Charting the Feel Bad Genre in Recent HBO Mini-series
Margaret Tally, State University of New York, Empire State College, United States

Miserabilism was originally a term that was used to describe a pessimistic philosophy or a consistently miserable outlook. This pessimistic
worldview has been seen in television depictions of welfare recipients who live in low-income communities in both the UK as well as the UnitedStates. Also labeled "poverty porn", in such wide-ranging shows as "Hillbilly Elegy", on Netflix to "Benefits Street", criticisms of these shows usuallycenter on the way they dehumanize their subjects by portraying them in their worst light and without any other context than their dire circumstances.
In this paper I look at two recent HBO mini-series, "Mare of Easttown", and "I Know This Much is True", and explore both the business and creativedecisions that went into their creation as well as the larger cultural implications of these kinds of portrayals of working-class despair in recent
American television series. This will be contrasted with the recently canceled series "Superstore", which portrayed a small-town milieu from a morehumane and positive perspective. In so doing, these shows, with varying strategies, are reigniting an old fight about the best way to portray the poor.

Media History
59886

Using Newspapers and Films as Tools for Cultural History ResearchMara Arts, Independent Scholar, United Kingdom

This paper demonstrates how media historians can gain valuable insight by using newspapers as well as fiction films as their primary source materials.
In recent years, cultural historians have increasingly drawn on a wide range of primary texts to gain a rounded picture of popular history. Fiction films
and newspapers, however, are not commonly considered beside one another, despite them representing two of the major mass communication
outlets of the twentieth century. This paper exhibits the value of considering press and cinema sources next to one another, through a case studyof the representation of London’s public transport network in popular newspapers and fiction films of interwar Britain. Through a close reading of
relevant newspaper articles and films, it becomes evident that whilst both media paid heed to the sensational and potentially hazardous aspects ofpublic transport, newspaper reports also sought to reassure readers which used transport every day. This indicates a more complicated relationshipto the dangers of modernisation than an analysis of fiction films alone would suggest. Newspapers and films provide adjacent, complementary formsof representation. The press report on real-life events, but increased commercialisation of the press means that fictional storytelling devices are
frequently used by reporters. Fiction films provide the inverse; its made-up stories need to be grounded in reality to permit audiences to connect withthem. Considering both media alongside one another can create a new and richer understanding of social and cultural history.

Social Media and Communication Technology
59944

The Use of Emotional Artificial Intelligence in Social Network Journalism: Possibilities and Limits of a New Communication Paradigm
Luca Serafini, Lumsa University of Rome, Italy

Gamification, understood as the use of ludic mechanisms in non-ludic contexts, is seen today as a practice ingrained in new medias. The shift of journalism
onto social networks has laid the foundations for a ludic communicative paradigm that revolves specifically around gaming mechanisms. Nevertheless,recent developments in artificial intelligence call for a partial redefinition of the term "gamification", so as to situate it in its relations with machines andalgorithms. For some time now, what are known as empathic media have signaled a turning point in the development of an emotional artificial intelligence,capable of eliciting and responding to the emotional states of consumers and users for commercial purposes. In recent years, this use of artificial emotional
intelligence has also made its way into journalism on social networks. This communications channel builds on tools such as sensationalism, irony, andthe creation of an empathetic connection with readers—centered on sharing a ludic, humorous paradigm of communication. In this instance, gamificationis transformed into AI-gamification Echobox, a social media platform based on artificial intelligence, used by media to communicate more efficiently
with readers on social platforms, will provide a case study by which to analyze this effort. I will also show the benefits and drawbacks of this shift fromgamification to AI-gamification, examining in particular the capacities and limits of the algorithms in developing a ludic human language whose goal is toincrease both users’ emotional involvement and the readership of the articles (and, consequently, the revenue) of the media outlets.
60042

Digital Game Habits and Motivations of Youth in The Context of Uses and Gratifications Approach
Fatih Söğüt, Kırklareli University, Turkey

In today's digital world, individuals deal with different activities to spend their free time. One of these activities is undoubtedly digital games. The aim of thisresearch is to reveal the digital gaming habits and motivations of young people. The theoretical basis of this research conducted for this purpose is the uses andgratifications approach. Qualitative research method was preferred in this study. Semi-structured interview form was used as data collection tool. The focus
group of the research consisted of 10 young people. Content analysis was also used to evaluate the data obtained from the interviews. As a result of the research,
it was revealed that the basic digital game motivation of young people is to spend time and to relieve their stress. In addition, participating young people see digital
games as a means of socialization. The escape motivation is also one of the important motivations expressed by young people. Considering the time allocatedto digital games, it can be said that young people play games for 1-2 hours a day on average. Participating youth stated that they mostly preferred mobile devices
as a digital game platform. PC and game consoles lagged behind mobile devices. Action games and strategy games ranked first in the preferred game types.

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vimeo.com/channels/euromedia2021

EuroMedia2021 Virtual Presentations (Pre-Recorded)
Social Media and Communication Technology
60259

Children’s Motivation for Digital Media Use

Vanesa Varga, Catholic University of Croatia, Croatia
Marina Kotrla Topic, Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar, Croatia
Sara Jelovcic, Catholic University of Croatia, Croatia
Marina Merkas, Catholic University of Croatia, Croatia
This paper aims to explore motivations for digital media use among Croatian children aged 4 to 14 years, from the perspective of children
and their parents. Since the use of digital media has become a significant part of children’s and parents’ everyday life, and digital devices
are a common part of every household, one of the main questions is why and for what purposes children of different age use digital
media. In this study, we focus on the family context of children’s digital media use, and the nature of this paper is exploratory, rather
than confirmatory. We use data from a qualitative study which is conducted as a part of the research project “Digital technology in thefamily: patterns of behaviour and effects on child development” financed by the Croatian Science Foundation. Semi-structured researchinterviews with children (aged 4 to 6 years) and their parents, and focus groups with children (aged 7 to 14 years) as well as focus
groups with their parents were conducted online. Using thematic analysis, we analysed data obtained from children and their parents onchildren’s motivation and perceived benefits and purposes of digital media use. The results reveal different categories of motives and avariety of purposes for digital media use among preschool and school-aged children.
60707

Art and Self-expression on Social Media: The Recreation of the Historical Value During the Pandemic State in 2020
Paula Pires da Silva, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil

In this paper I discuss from an ethical and aesthetical perspective how a specific account on Instagram has changed the relationshipbetween people and famous paintings. The Instagram account Tussen Kunsten Quarantaine has become a collaborative space withthousands of people across the world sharing pictures, including personal recreations of masterpieces of art. The account project
developed out from a simple conversation on WhatsApp coming up with an amusing way to entertain people during a long period ofquarantine, showing in a comical way, anonymous people, their creativity and their everyday household objects arranged in a way that
imitates famous paintings. The Instagram account @Tussenkunstenquarantaine was officially created on 14th March 2020 by Anneloes
Officier, a Dutch art admirer. She also uses herself in the first prototypical picture on Instagram. The account quickly grew to reach morethan 270000 followers and has shared more than 700 pictures with a wide variety of images and imitations chosen by individual followers.
The imitation of paintings or sculptures, however, is not exclusively a contemporaneous phenomenon of our modern image era. It seems
that art and its representations remain as means to recognise some aesthetical categories of historicity into the present. This article
explores ten pictures discussing in which way Instagram’s users have chosen a specific masterpiece to recreate them, describing therelationship between identity and aesthetical perception. My aim in this abstract is to highlight some discussions on art and social media
inasmuch as it is integrated.

Visual Communication
59611

Communicating Artificial Intelligence to Young Audiences: The Techno-ambivalence of Young People’s
Science Fiction Film and Television
Abby Kidd, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a burgeoning topic within contemporary Western culture, not only amongst authorities on science andtechnology, but also the nonspecialist, general public. Science fiction film and television has become one of the key ways that AI discourse
is communicated to nonspecialists and, increasingly, researchers are giving consideration to the impact of these fictional narratives on
our perceptions and understandings of developing, real-world AI. However, researchers are mostly focusing their studies on science
fiction aimed at adult audiences, which seems odd given that young people are often framed within wider culture as ‘digital natives’ andas the torchbearers of the next wave of technological advancement. This paper, therefore, reports findings on how AI is communicatedto young people through science fiction film and television specifically aimed at a school age demographic, using the CBBC series Eve(2015-2017) and Disney Pixar films WALL-E (2008) and Big Hero Six (2014) as case studies. These texts are indicative of a technoambivalent discourse for young people that attempts to navigate a precarious balance between embracing the capabilities of AI anddisseminating an adult agenda that manifests as techno-anxiety, which could contribute to a disengaging confusion for this demographic.
It is important to foster interdisciplinary understandings of the impact of AI-centred science fiction for young people, their intersections
with communications around real-world AI, and how both these discourses can be optimised to contribute to the cultivation of young
generations that are not only technologically literate but are also empowered by its increasing ubiquity.

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Reviewers
IAFOR depends on the assistance of a large number of international academics and practitioners
who contribute in a variety of ways to our shared mission of promoting international exchange,
facilitating intercultural awareness, encouraging interdisciplinary discussion and generating andsharing new knowledge. Our academic events would not be what they are without a commitment
to ensuring that international norms of peer review are observed for our presentation abstracts.
With thousands of abstracts submitted each year for presentation at our conferences, IAFOR relieson academics around the world to ensure a fair and timely peer review process in keeping withestablished international norms of double-blind peer review.
We are grateful for the time, effort and expertise donated by all our contributors.

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ECAH2021

Review Committee
Dr Tomas Chochole, University Of West Bohemia, Czech Republic
Professor Xiaofan Gong, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, China
Dr Jytte Holmqvist, University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom
Dr Ji-Eun Kim, Yonsei University, South Korea
Dr Hsin-Pey Peng, Zhaoqing University, China
Dr Zainor Izat Zainal, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia

ECAH2021

Reviewers
Dr Samira Brahimi, Ecole Supérieure D'Economie Oran, Algeria
Dr Georgia Eglezou, Panteion University, Greece
Dr Melissa Miller, University of Southern California, United States

EuroMedia2021

Review Committee
Dr Jytte Holmqvist, University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom
Professor Rebecca Lind, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
Dr Hsin-Pey Peng, Zhaoqing University, China
Dr Kriti Singh, Sharda University, India
Dr Joseph Wogu, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria

EuroMedia2021

Senior Reviewers
Professor David Toohey, Nagoya University, JapanDr Gintarė Žemaitaitienė, Mykolas Romeris University, Lithuania

EuroMedia2021

Reviewers
Dr Christine Cornea, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom
Professor Geoffrey Ditta, Nebrija University, SpainDr Natalia Kowalska-Elkader, University of Lodz, Poland
Dr Leslie Ponciano, Hope Education Research Solutions, United States
Dr Margaret Tally, State University of New York, Empire State College, United States

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A-Z Presenters List
Allen, Lin				p. 29
University of Northern Colorado, United States
Alsaggaf, Rania M.
		p. 36King Abdul Aziz University, Saudi Arabia
Arts, Mara			p. 42
Independent Scholar, United Kingdom
Aydın, Gülsüm				p. 37Boğaziçi University, Turkey
Basabain, Wesam
		p. 36King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
Bußwolder, Peter			p. 28
Independent Scholar, Germany
Cornea, Christine			p. 33
University of East Anglia, United Kingdom
Cruz López, Luis Miguel		p. 33
Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
Dellinger, Karen			p. 40
National Taiwan University, Taiwan
Ditta, Geoffrey				p. 28
Nebrija University, Spain
Dolatkhah, Simin		p. 41
University of Tehran, Iran
Duffy, Andrew 			p. 32
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Edwards, Dale 			p. 29
University of Northern Colorado, United States
Eglezou, Georgia			p. 37
Panteion University, Greece
Galasso, Clorinda Sissi 		p. 36
Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Gonçalves Matos, Ana 		p. 34
NOVA University Lisbon, Portugal
Halabi, Aya			p. 38
An-Najah National University, Palestine
Holmqvist, Jytte			p. 38
University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom
Husein, Imelda 			p. 34
Indonesia University of Education, Indonesia
Kasana, Nasreen			p. 26
Lovely Professional University, India
Kidd, Abby				p. 43
University of East Anglia, United Kingdom
Kim, Ji-Eun
			p. 26
Yonsei University, South Korea
Kowalska-Elkader, Natalia		p. 32
University of Lodz, Poland
Macharoen, Bussaraporn		
p. 27
Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand
Malaina, Alvaro			p. 41
University Complutense of Madrid, Spain

Mihram, Danielle			p. 34
University of Southern California, United States
Miller, Melissa 			p. 34
University of Southern California, United States
Monterrubio Ibáñez, Lourdes
p. 33
Université Paris 1 PAnthéon-Sorbonne, France
Osei-Tutu, Isaac			p. 29
University of Zurich, Switzerland
Pandya, Mega J
		p. 38
Manipal Institute of Communication(MIC), India
Pires Da Silva, Paula 		p. 43
University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Pizzaia, Albert 			p. 24
Independent Scholar, United Kingdom
Ponciano, Leslie
		p. 41
Hope Education Research Solutions, United States
Rimaite, Viktorija			p. 24
Vilnius University, Lithuania
Seo, Jinhee
			p. 40
University of Oklahoma, United States
Serafini, Luca 			p. 42
Lumsa University of Rome, Italy
Sheng, Xiao 			p. 24
Arizona State University, United StatesSöğüt, Fatih 			p. 42
Kırklareli University, Turkey
Takei, Akiko				p. 26
Chukyo University, Japan
Tally, Margaret 			p. 42
State University of New York, Empire State College,
United States
Tamitiadini, Dian			p. 32
Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia
Tirasathaporn, Tonchabub		p. 27
Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand
Toohey, David 			p. 33
Nagoya University, Japan
Tsukada, Jun				p. 32
Kanagawa University, Japan
Varga, Vanesa 			p. 43
Catholic University of Croatia, Croatia
Willems, Brian 			p. 27
University of Split, Croatia
Wogu, Joseph 			p. 40
University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria
Xu, Ping				p. 24
University of Colorado, United States
Zaichenko, Liudmila 		p. 34
Tallinn University, Estonia

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