GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
ARCH/EOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA

CENTRAL
ARCHAEOLOGICALLIBRARY<ACCESSION NO. §tiJdkl\^

CALL T&H&Oe/A&f VtyF.G.AT79

"

"
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:

CATALOGUE
OF THEARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUMAT

MATHURA.
BY
J.

Ph.

VOGEL. Ph.D.,

SUi*fcRl>"fE>'DENT, ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY, >'OIlTHEtt>' CIRCLE.

ALLAHABAD
Printed by F. Luker,

Superintendent, Government Press, United Provinces
igio.

(To

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HTuseu n

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reocreutlo^PREFACE.
In March 1905 I undertook to catalogue the sculpturesintheMunicipal

Museumat

Mathuia, at the request of

Mr. H.C. Ferard, C.I.E., I C.S., then Collector of the district.
The time available piovcd insufficient to finish the work, mainly owing to the number of inscriptions, most of which had not
yet been properly edited.

My departmental duties and a pro-me from resuming the work until
December 1907, when a month's stay at Mathura enabled me tolonged illness prevented

bring the catalogue to completion.

In the meanwhile the Museum had been enriched with morethan a hundred Mathurfi sculptures, the bulk of which camefrom the Allahabad Public Library.

In the course of the year

1908 the collection was further increased by

the addition of alarge number of valuable sculptures and inscriptions which werecollected in the locality by Pandit Radha Krishna, and pin chas-ed and presented to the Museum by Mr. J. H. Marshall, theDirector-General of Archaeology.

These also have been includ-ed in the present publication.

A few words are required to explain the arrangement of mv
catalogue.

As in past years no proper record has been kept of

the provenance of the sculptures, it was impossible to arrange

them according

toclassification according to creeds

manicalFor the same reason a
Buddhist, Jaina and Brah-their find-spots.

— could not be adopted, except in the case of images,some illustrative bas-reliefs and a few inscribed pieces. It will
be hardly necessary to add that a chronological arrangement
was out of the question, as the style of the sculptures enables us
only to fix in geneial the period to which they belong.

Eventhose dated in Kanishka's era cannot be referred to a particular
year, as the initial date of that epoch is still a matter of dispute.

In these circumstances the best couise seemed

tome to make

(

ii

)

three mam divisions consisting' of images, bas-reliefs and avchi*
tectural sculptures.

It is obvious that such a division is in many cases bound to

be arbitrary.

In Indian art images of deities are but seldom

carved in the louud, and have thereto o in lealitv the characterof reliefs.

Most of the pieces classed as bas-reliefs, on the other

hand, served the purpose of decorating some religious building

and might, therefore, be called architectural.

Within the threemain divisions I have grouped sculptures of the same kind, asmuch as possible, together.

This arrangement, it is hoped, willrender this catalogue more convenient to consult.

The want

of a

list

or

register

is

to

a

certainextentsupplemented by the papers published by

Mr. Growse andbyreports

Generalwith Mathuia.

Cunningham's

archaeologicaldealing

A study of these publications has enabled

me to ascertain the find-places of a larger number of sculptures
than I had anticipated.

Unfortunately, their descriptions areoften vague or inaccui ate, and thegiven,

sothat indimensions are but ra elyT,some cases it is doubtful which particular

sculpture is meant.

The present catalogue contains all the information whichfrom published accounts can be gathered regarding the provenance of these sculptures.

As to their description and interpret-

ation, a prolonged study of the Mathura art and of the closely

related Grreco- Buddhist school of Gandhara has enabled

propose a certain number of fresh identifications.

meto

In questions

touching the relationship between the Mathuia and Gandhara

have invariably endorsed the views put foith withgreat lucid ty by M. Alm-d t oucher in his vanous publications,school-, I

and more especially in his standard workon Giseco-Buddhist

sculpture.

Here I wish to acknowledge mv indebtedness to Dr.
Heinrich Liidei's, Professor at the Berlin University, for kindlyie\ising my readingsof theinscriptions,which will be gi\en in all Appendix.

acomplete

list

of

I

ill

)

Lieutenant-Colonel \V. Vu»t. I. M.S.. has lendmed me ^i-.-it
lielp inreading through the manuscript of mv work ana Mr. J.

To Babu R. I). Bmierji
notes on the sculptures and inscriptions in the

H. Marshall in revising the proofs.
I owe useful

Lucknow Mus. um which he has Veu

oimatred in catalo<>uin"\

In uiy introduction I have supplied such information as willrender the sculptures

in

the

Museum moie

intelligible

andconsequently more interesting to the public.
to personal predilection that

It is perhaps dim
Buddhist art takes such a Uvge

share in this introductory treatise-.

But itwill beadmitted

that not only on account of their number, but also from anartistic and historic p)int of view, the Buddnist sculpture-- form

the most important part of our collection as relics of ?t school,

which flourished during the most brilliant period of Mathurahistory.

Mathura

:

^)

J.

[

November 1908.

Postscript.

Ph.

YOGEL.

)— The unavoidable delay

in printing has

enabledme to include in the catalogue the important acquisitions

madeby Pandit Radha Krishna in the course of the year 1909.
These also were due to the generous assistance afforded by Mr.

H. Marshall, Director-General of Archaeology, who supplied
I may add that the samethe money from Imperial funds.
officer arranged for a grant-in-aid of lis. 2,000 from the GovJ.

ernment of India for repairs to the Museum building whichhave lately been completed and will serve the purpose of rendering the edifice better suited for its present use.

Lahore:1>March 1910.

JJ.

Ph. V.

CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTION,
Page
I.— The Mathuva Museum ...

...

,.,

,.,

..,

,,,

,,.

6

...

...

...

19

...

...

...

...

27

.,,

...

...

...

Si

—Explorations— The monuments of ancieni MathuraIV. — The Mathura school of sculpture
V. — Iconography
II.

...

...

I]I.

...

l

,,,

Catalogue.

A—G.— Images

...

...

...

...

47

A.

— Buddha and Bo dhisattva images

...

...

...

...

47

B.

~ Jiua or Tirtharhkara images

...

...

...

...

68

—Yaksba and Xaga images

...

...

...

...

S3

— Images of Brahmanical deities

...

...

...

...

94r

— Miscellaneous images

,,.

...

,.,

...

107

...

...

...

...

Ill

...

...

...

119
125

C.

D.
IE.

...

...

—Female images
G.—Miscellaneous fragmentary

F.

...

27— I.— Bas-reliefs

figures
...

...

...

...

JT.— Scenes of Buddha's life

,..

...

...

...

125

—Decorative bas-reliefs

...

...

...

...

133

I.

...

...

J— P and R—S.— Architectural sculptures
J.

—

Railing pillars— Railing coping-stones

K.

...

...

...

Ill

.•.

...

...

••

•••

141

...

...

...

...

...

153

...

...

...

...

160

...

...

...

...

162

•••

•••

••

l 66

...

...

...

171

...

173
18-t

— Railing cross-bars
M. — Torana architraves and brackets

L.

...

JV.— Stiipas...

—Lion figures

0.

...
...

...

Miscellaneous architectural sculptures, Buddhist periodi>.

—Inscribed slabs and tablets

Q.

...

R.— Brahmanical architectural sculptures
S.

T— Mughal architectural remains...

Terra-cottas and miscellaneous antiquities

...

...

...

...

...

...

1TO

.,,

...

...

196

...

...

...

198

...

200

U.— Sculptures excavated from the Sitoliu, and Ganesra tanks
V.— Ancient brasswork
W. — Miscellaneous objects

X— Coins

...

...

,.,

...

...

...

201

...

...

...

••

205
205

...

...

Appendix I.
List of inscriptions

...

...

...

...

<••

207

•••

••

-

209

Appendix II.
Note by Dr. J. F. Fleet

...

...

LIST OF PLATES.
I.

II.

— The Museum at Mathurti.
— (a) Door-lintol(Pl).
(J)

Door-jamb (P 2).

(c)Upper half of pilaster (P 35).

{d) Lou-er half of pillar (P 34).
III.

—(a) Fragment of railing-pillar (J 24).
(6) Railing pillar (J 18).

IV.

V.

—Votive stiipa (S1).

— Tablet of Homage (Q 2).

Raj Ghat slab (H 1).
Buddha visited by Indra(H 11).
VII. Bodhisattvi stituette from Katra ( A 1).
VIII.— Buddh* statuette from Anyor (A2).

VI.—

(a)

(b)

—

IX.— Buddha statue from Jamalpur (A 5).

X.— Bodhisattva statuette (A 45).
XI — Tirtharhkara statuette (B 4).
XII.— Parkham image (C 1).
XIII.

— Bacchanalian Group (C 2).

XIV. - Yaksha (C 3).

XV.—

(a)

Buddha statuette (A 4).

(t)

Maitreya statuette (A 43).

XVI.— Buddha statuette (A 21).
XVII.—(a) Vaishnavi(D 6).
(i)

Parvati (D7).

XVIII.— Vishnu statuette (D 33).

XIX.— Queen of the Xagas (F 2).

XX.— Stele (.J 11).
XXI.— Bas-reliefs (J 18 and 15).
XXII.—Railing-pillar (J 7).

—Railing-pillars (J 10 and—Railing-pillar fragments (J 43, 51 and 54).
XXV.—
Torana lintel from Katra (M(oXXIII.

11).

XXIV.

42,

I)

(c)

1).

Fragment of Tor-ina lintel (II 2).

BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Xote oa

L. R. Stacy.
TipperIndia

Grecian sculpture in

the disco eery of a relic of(with additional note byJames Prinsep).

Journal Asiatic

Society of Bengal, Vol. V. (1830) pp. 507—370; with plate.
(Account of the so-called " Silenus " now in the Calcutta Museum.)

A. Cunningham.

Archaeilorjical Survey Ilcp'irt,

Vol.

I,

231—244-

pp.

XXXIX-XL); Vol, III, pp. 13-46 (plates I -XVI) Vol.
XVII, pp. 107—112 (plates XXX— XXXI) and Vol, XX, pp. 30—39(plates;(plates II-VI).

R. L. Mitra.

Xotes oa Sanskrit inscriptions from Mathuri,.

JournalXXXIX (1370), pp. 117— 130

with four

Asiatic Society of Bengal, Vol.

;

plates.

Mathura inscriptions discovered about 1S60).

(Discussion of twenty

J. Dowson.

Ancient inscriptions from Mathura (with additional note by

Journal Royal Asiatic Society, Xew Series, Vol. V (1871),

A. Cunningham.)

pp. 1S2— 196 ; with three plates.
(Discussion o£ twenty-nine Muhuri inscriptions collected by C'uuuingli irn wlio
(p. 1!U) that about una-balf hal bocu di-.eov.'rcii by him in

H. Blochmann.

Xotes on Mathura.

remarks

1S02 and 1S05).

Proceedings

Society

AsiaticofBengal for 1873, pp. 12—17.
(Discussion of four Persian and HinJustmi inscriptions on buildings in tie city of llatburacollected by F, S. Growse),

F. S. Growse.

Mathura, a district Memoir, with numerous

First edition, 1874; second edition, 1830 ; thirded), 1883.

illustrations.

edition (revised and abridg-

Printed at the NorthAYe^tern Provinces and Oudh Government

Press.
(Chapter V;

The Buddhist city of Mathura and its antiquities.

Chapter VII;the cityof Mathuiii (concluded) : its European institutions and museum).

F. S. Growse.
Society of Bengal.

Supposed Greek sculpture at Mathura.

Journal AsiaticVol. XLIV (1875), pp. 212—215; with three plates.

(Description of the so-called " Silenus " in the Calcutta Museum and of"the Bacchanalian group " in the Mathura Museum.

(No. C, 2

Mathura Inscriptions.
216—219with plate.
(1877), pp.

IndianF.

S.

Growse.

;

pi.

its

counterpart

XIII,)

Antiquary.

Vol.

VI

;

(Tentativo readings o£ eleven inscriptions in the Muhara Museum. Xos. 2 and 7 are in

the Lucknow Museum).

vii

(

F. S. Growse.

Mathuro.

)JournalXotes.

Vol. XLVII (1878), part 1, pp. 97— 133(Section 7, pp.

Asiatic Society

plates IX-;

of Bengal.

XXL-

US— 129 treats of miscellaneous antiquities in the Mathuru, Museum illus-

trated in plates XVIII— XXI).

Transactions of the Archaeological Society of Agra (July to December
1875), Agra 1876.
(Catalogue of contents of the Museum of the Archaeologicil Society, Agra, pp. 30— 32.)The IIrdhlijaiiipha and three other Inscriptions

Bhagvanlal Iudraji.

inAetes da sixieine Congres international

the Udayaglrl Cava near Cattuclc.

des Orientalises tenu e:i 1883 a Leide (Leide 1885).

Part III, section II,

142—144 with plate.

pp.

;(Discussion

Smith.

of inscribedtabletof

ho-nage fromno. Q, 2 j pi. V.

Holi Gate

Cf. V.A.

Jaim Stvpa, plate G III).

E. Curtius. Die Gricchisehe Knnst

ih

Archiiologische Zeitung

LvUcn.

Vol. XXXIII (New Series, Vol. VIII) 187G, pp. 90—95
J. Anderson.

with illustrations.

Catalogue and Han Hook of the archaeological collection} inthe Indian Jltiseum.

Calcutta 1883.

(Description of Mathurii sculptures in the Calcutta
scription of relic casket from ChauUirj mound.

J. F. Fleet.

;

Museum.

Pait I, pp. 1G7— 192.

De-

Pait II, p. 4b3 )Inscription^ of the to, In Gupta kings and theirsuccessors.

Corpus Inscfiptionum Indicarum. Volume III, Calcutta 1888.
(Xo. 4.

Mathura. stone inscription of Chandragupta II; pp 23- 2S, plate III A.

Mathurii stone image inscription of the year 135, pp. 262— 264,

Mathura stone image inscription of the yen 230, pp. 273-274

G. Biihler.
Journal.

;plate— Xo. 63.

XXXIX A. — Xo. 70.

plate XL. D.)

Vienna Oriental

On the authenticity of tin Jaina trad Itlon.

Volume I (1-587), pp. 105—180.

(Discussion of eight Jaina inscriptions from Mathurii)

G. Buhler.

Farther piooft ofVienna Oriental Journal.

theauthenticity of the Jaina

tradition.

Volume II (18*5), pp. 141 — 14G; with plate.

(Discussion of Jaina inscription dated in the year 7 of Kaniabka, obtained by Burgess

from the Kaikill Tlla).

G. Biihler.

Further proofs ofVienna Oriental Journal.

the authenticityof theVolume III (1889), pp. 233-

Jaina tradition.

240.

(Discussion of four Jaina inscriptions obtained by Fubrcr from the Kankall Tilu).

G. Biihler.

Furth'.r proofs of the authenticity of theVienna Oriental Journal.

Jaina

tradition.

Volume IV (1890;, pp. 313—331.

(Liscussion of Jaina inscriptions obtained by 1'uhrer from the Kaika.ll Tila in 1890).

G. Buhler.

Kew Jaina Inscriptions from Mathura.

Ibidem, pp. 169-

1*-o
/ O.

G. Buhler.

New

excavations in Mathura.

Volume V (1891), pp. 59-63.

Vienna Oriental Journal.

—
viii

(

)

G. Biihler, Dr. FuhrCr's excavations at Matlivra. Ibidem, pp. 175—180.
G.Biihler.

Almanach der Wiener Akademie der Wisscnschaften. Jabr-gang XXXVII, p. 2G8.
G. Biibler.

New Jaina inscriptions from Jluthur't,

Epigrapbia Indica.

Vol. I (1392), pp. 371—397; with five plates.
(Discussion of thirty-five Mathura inscriptions).

Further Jaina inscriptions from Jluthura.

G. Biibler.
Indica.

Vol. II (1891), pp. 195-212;

Epigrapbia

with thro: plates.

(Discussion of forty-two Mathura inscriptions).

G.Biihler.

Specimens of Ja' na sculptures from Mdhur'i.

Indica. Vol. II (1894), pp. 311-323;

Epigrapbia

with four plate?.

(Discussion of certain, partly inscribed, sculptures

obtained by Fiibrer from the Kah-

Uil TIlS, in 1S90).

G. Biihler.

A Legend of the Jaina Stapa at Mathvra,.

der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wisscnsehafcen in

G. Biihler.
editedSitzungsbericbte

Wien 1897,

On the Indian sect of the Jaina.*, tran.-lated from the German,

by J. Burgess, London, 1903.

(Appendix A.

Discussion of six inscriptions from Mathuri.)

A. Fiibrer.

Indo-sl-ythic architecture anJ sculpture of the Mnthnr'i school.

Journal Indian Ait and Industry.

Vol.

V (1894), p. 58;

plates ,85—87.

(Abstract from an unpublished report on his Mathura excavations).

A. Fiihrer.

The monumental anti'piities and inscriptions

in

the

Xorth'

Western Provinces and Oudh, Allahabad 1S91.
(Mathura, district, pp. 97— 111).

Annual Progress Reports of the Archaeological Surrey Circle, Xorfh-Western Provinces and Oudh.

V. A. Smith. Gneco-Koman influence on the civili-atinn of ancient India.
Journal Asiatic Society of Bengal. Volume LVIII (1889), pait I, pp. 107
198;

Volume LXI (1892), part I, pp. 50—76 and Vol. LXII (1893) part I,

pp. 84—87.

A. Griinwedel.

BuddhUtiselv Knnst in In di en; mix, 76 Abbildungen.

Berlin 1893.— Zweite AuHagc;

mit 102 Abbildungen.

Berlin 1900.

(See index i.v. Mathura).

A. Griinwedel.

Buddhist Art in India, translated by Agues C. Gibson,revised and enlarged by Jas. Burgess; with 154 illustrations. London, 1901.
(See index i.v. Mathuri),

J. Burgess.

The ancient monument*, temples and sculpture- of India.

Part I, Loudon, 1897.
(For Mathura sculptures sea plates 55, 53— CI, and 155-150.
inplates 50-57 is now preserved in the Lahore

The female statue figured
Museum, but will bo returned to Mathura).

is(

Xota o,% Bmhll,;^ art, translated from the Russian by

F, Oldenburg.

S.

)

Leo "Wiener. Journal American Oiiental
pp. 183—201.

Society.

XVIII (1897),

Vol.

(Representations of jataltas at Bliaitmt, Aj.'inU ami Boro-Boedoer).

T. Blocli.

Bud J ha worshipped b*j Indra.
18G— 189.

Proceedings Asiatic Societyof Bengal for 1898, pp.

(Discussion of Mitliuia sculpture M.

in the7,

Calcutta Museum, representing Indra

worshipping Buddha in the Indiaiaila cave,}

V. A. Smith.

Tic'

Provinces and Oudb, Vol. A

7".

Allahabad, 1901.

(Hundred and seven plates of drawings

Foiicher.

ill.istr\ting sculptures

excavated by Dr. Fiihrer

Reviewed by A. F "oucher."from the Kanliall Tiia, with brief notes.
franchise d'Extremc-Orient.

Vol. XX. North-Western

New Impeiial series.

aeological Survey of India.

A.

Arch-

Join St'ipa au-t nthcr antiquities of Jlathura.

1

Bulletin del't'cole'feme I (1901) p. :175.)

L'urt,

hou.itdh'npir

I'lnded'a/trls

vnrecent.

livre

Tome XXX (1 595), pp. 319—371.

Revue de l'histoire des religions(Review of Griiawedel's Buddhisiisr\e Runs' in Indiea )A.

£twh sur V iconographic

Foucher.

howhUiique dc I'Lide.

Paris

1900 and 1905.
(See index i. v. Matra or Mathuva).

Let

A. Foucher.

du sfdpn dr Sihri (Gandk'imJ.

ba.s-rfl iefs

Journalasiatique (1903) pp. 185— 330.
miniature(Reference tosti'pnno. X, 2

MaUiuia Museum, p. 323

in;see also n. 210,

footnote.)

L'urt greeo-hoinhlhiqur

A. Foucher.

dn Gandh'ira.

Tome

I.

Paris

figs

93, 91,

1905.

(On Mathurj see pp. 211, 212, 217, 212, 2 IS, 252, 260, -104, 55-1, C02, Oil, CIS
Reviewed in Gottingisclie Gelelirte

2S2.

H

Anzeijen f or IC'Uo, pp. £33 - 332.

Epi'graphical Xufcs.

Liiders.

(1901), pp. 33—41

;

pp.

;

See p. 550).

Indian Antiquary, Vol.

XXXIII

101—109 and pp. 110—150.

(Corrected readings of forty -four

Matliura inscriptions previously edited by Dowson,

Mitra, Cunninghim and Buhlerl.

A. Earth.

L' inscription

P sur

'e

chapib.au deli on de Mathura.

rendus des sCanccs de rAculcmic des Inscriptions

et Belle;- Lettres,

Comptss
1907, p.

384.

The inscription P on the 3Iafhur>~> Lion-capital, translated by G. Tamson
in Indian Antiquary, Vol.

F. W. Thorna*.

XXXVII (1908), pp. 215—250.

2V inscription* ontin'Muthura Lion-capital.

Epigra-phialndica, Vol. IX, pp. 135—117.
J. Ph. Vogcl.

The Math ura School of *cul'ptv rc.

aeological Survey, 190G-7, pp. 137— 1G0, plate-* LI

Annual Report Arch-— LVI.

(J.

Ph. Vogel.

francaise

d'

*

)

Notes de sculpture bouddhique.

Bulletin deTome VIII (1903)

pp. 487—500

Estrome-Oricnt.

I'

Ecole

and IX(1009) pp. 523—532.
R. D. Bauerji. Mathuru Inscriptions in the Indian Museum in Journal
and Proceedings Asiatic Society of Bengal (New Series) Vol. V, No. 7,
1909, pp. 237—244, plates

R. D. Banerji.

X— XI.

The discovery of seven new-dated Records of the Scythian

Period in Journal and Proceedings Asiatic Society of Bengal (New Series)
Vol. V, no. 8, 1909, pp. 271— 277.
J.

Ph. Vogel.

Xaga worship inancient

Mathurd.

Annual Report,

Archaeological Survey, 1908-9.

ABBREVIATIONS.
A. S.E.

...

Archaeological Survey Report.

B. E. F. E. 0.

,,.

Bulletin de l Ecole franchise d' Extreme-Orient,

Ep. Ind.

...

Epigraphia Indica.

lad. Ant.

...

Indian Antiquary.

J. A.

...

Journal Asiatique.

J. A. O. S.

...

Journal American Oriental Society.

J. A. S. B.

,„

Journal Asiatic Society of Bengal.

J. R. A. S.

...

Journal Royal Asiatic Society.

J. I. A. I.

...

Journal of Indian Art and Industry.

S. S. E.

...

Sacred Books of the East.

Z. D. m. a.

...

Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gescllschaf t.

1

i

LAI h

i.

INTRODUCTION.
I.

— The Mathura Museum.

The history of the building iu which the Mathura collection of sculptures is preserved,

is given b}* Mr. Growse* in the following passage"It was commenced by Mr. Thornhill, the Magistrate and Collector of:the district, who raised the money for the purpose by public subscription,

intending to make of it a rest-house for the reception of native gentlemenof rank, whenever they had occasioato visit head quarters.

Though close

to the Courts, which would be a convenience, it is too far from the bazar tosuit native tastes, andeven if it had been completed according to the ori-ginal design,probable that

it is notitwould ever have been occupied.

After an expenditure of Rs. 30,000, f the work was interrupted by the

Mutiny.

When order had been restored, the new Collector,. Mr. Best,

with a perversity by no means uncommon in the records of Indian local
administration, set himself at once, not to complete, but to mutilate, his
predecessor's handiwork.

It was intended that the building should standin extensive grounds of its own, where it would certainly have had a very

pleasing architectural effect ;but instead of this the high road was brought

immediately in front of it, so as to cut it off entirely from the new publicgarden the offices of the Tehsildar were built on one side, and on the;other was runup, at a most awkward angle, a high masonry wall ; a roughthatched roof was thrown over its centre court j doorways were introduced
in different places, where they were not wanted and only served as dis-figurements aud the unfortunate building was then nick- named 'Thornhill's Folly' and abandoned to utter neglect."when the idea of converting it into a
Museum received the support of Sir John Strachey, who sanctioned from
"It remained thus

till

1S74,

provincial funds a grant-in-aid of Rs. 3,500.""The first step taken was to raise the centre court by the addition ofa clerestory, with windows of reticulated stone tracery,with a stone vault, inwhich(so far as•Mathura 2nd ed. pp. 152 ff. ; 3rd cd. pp. 163

aud

to

cover

it

constructional peculiarities areff.

Cf. also Indian

Antiquary, Vol.

VI, p. 216.

fine figure 50,000 mentioned in Indiua Antiquary, Vol. VI, p. 216,
before 1S57, is evidently due to a misprint.

as the amount spent

2

(

)

concerned), 1 reproduced the roof of the now mined temple of Harideva
at Gobardhan.
The cost amounted to R~. 5,336. A porch was afterwards
added at a further outlay of Rs. 8,404 but for this I am not responsible.
;

It is a beautiful de-igu, well executed, and so far

reflects great

is too delicate for an

on Yusuf, the Municipal architect; but it
facadeitcreditexterior

Something plainer would haveon the side of a dusty road.

as well, besides having a more harmonious effect;

answered the purposeand money would then have been available for the completion of the doors
and windows, without which the building can scarcely be used, and forwhich there is now no provision, nor likely to be.""Thoughof the building has been so very considerable,

the cost

nearly lis. 44,000,

iti-only of .-mall dimensions; but the whole wall

surface in the central court
tions of the

mo-t

arti-ticisa mass of geometric and flowered decora-

character.

The band< of natural

foliage, afeat ure introduced by Mr. Thornhill's own fancy, are very boldly cut andin themselves decidedly

handsome, but they are not altogether

inaccordwith the conventional designs of native style by which tbey are sur-rounded.""The following Urdu inscription is worked
central hall":—

into thecornice of the'The State having thought good to promote the ease of its subjects,
gave intimation to the Magistrate and Collector; who then,by the co-operation of the chief men of Mathura, had thishouse for travellers

built,

doors and

arc

Its

walls

sculptuie s\ery kindwith the choicest carved work *.
polishedlikeamirror;initsof flower-bed appears in view;itswidth and height were assigned in harmonious proportion;

from top to bottom it is well shaped and well balanced. It
may very properly be compared to the dome of Afrasyab, orit

may justly be styled the palace of an emperor.

One whosaw its magnificence (or the poet Shaukat on seeing it) composed this tar'tkh:

So elegant a rest-house makes even theflower garden envious.'"" *Upon the word munallut, which is used

here

to denote arabesque carving, the late

Mr. Blochrnann communicated the following note :— "The Arabic nalata means ' toand the intensive form of the verb has either the same
appear like plants,' hence munallat comes to mean
piled with muthajjai;''

signification orto'traced with flowers,' and may be com-caused to appear like trees, ' whicb is the wordtree-patterns on it, like the more common luta-ddr,"

plant,

that of 'causing

npplied to

silk

with

3

(

)

"As the building afforded such very scant accommodation, I proposedtomake it not a general, but simply anarchitectural and antiquarian

museum, arrangiug in it, in chronologicalseries,specimens of

all

the

different styles that have prevailed in the neighbourhood, from the reignof theIndo-Scythian

immediately

Kanishka, in the century

beforeChrist, down to the Victorian period, which would be illustrated in per-fectionby the building itself. "A vernacular record of Accounts in the Municipal Office shows thatin the year

1S75 Mr. Vigram,

Mathura, received from thethe then Magistrateliaisesand Collector ofand Zamiudars of the Mathura dis-money so
The work was dona
under the management of the Superintendent of the Mathura Municipal-

trict a sumof Rs. 6,096 in the shape of subscriptions; and theraised was speut on the completion of the building.

ity andwas finished in the year 1S78.

It appears, however, that in reality the whole

until IStSl.

For Mr. Growse notes the following in the introduction to

the second edition of his
29, 1SS0.

work was not completed'-Mathura" whichisdated Bulandahahr, June

"The Museum has again been taken

and in thein hand,

Noticing in one

course of a year or so will, I trust, bo ready for use,of my recent visits to Mathura. that the collection of antiquities which I

had left behind me was utterly uncared for, and that =ome of the valuable inscriptions had disappeared, though it is possible Genera! Cunning-

ham may have taken them. I represented the matter ti the lo^al Government, and was thereupon allowed to submit plans for the completion of
the building which have been accepted and are now being carried out."
the year in which the

Mu-eum wag

It seems, therefore,that 1SS1

opened to the public.

In March 1SS2, when Cunningham visited Mathuraisfor the last time, he found the Mu-eum establish- d.

From Municipal records I ha\e been able to gather only the following additional information:"In the year

18S9, "

itissaid,*"on theEoird appoin'ed afarrdsh on Rs. 3 a montli to look after the building an keep the rooms
report of the Tehsildar of Muttra, the Municipal

1

and the images in the Museum clean and in proper order.

It

was from

this time that the Mu-eum building came under the control and superviAll the expenditure incurred on repairsof tiie Municipal Board.

sion

&c.

to

the

building since thatyear has

been

borne

by

the Muni-

cipality."• Note by Man Mohan Lai, Secretary, Municipal BoarJ, Muttra, ilat.J the 15tli December
1899.

(

4

)

In 1900 it wo,s decided by the Local Government * that the sculpturescontained in theMuseum also should be formally madeover to the

Mathurii Municipal Board " on condition that they are properly looked
after."

It was also stipulated that <( a list of the relics should be kept in

the building and a copy recorded in the Collector's Office."
It is much to be regretted that the necessity for such alist

was only

recognised at a time when the find-place of most of the sculptures could

Let us hope that in the future all new acquisi-

no longer be ascertained.
tions will be registeredand that an exact record

circumstances of each find.

Museum.

appointed to look after the Mathurii
ofconsisted

thewill be kept

of

the

Up to 1903 there wa< no officer specially
The whole pr-rsonnel

above-mentioned farrush on Rs. 3 a month, whose

appointment apparently led

to

the

building

having come under thecontrol of the Municipal Board.

lu January, 1908, the Museum was visited by Sir John and Lady
In the same month, previous to the Lieutenant-Governor's
Hewett.
Lieutenant-Colonel

W. Vost, I M.S., had consented to act as an

Honorary Curator of theMuseum for the period he will be statioued at

visit,

Mathurii, and Pandit Radha Krishna had declared himself willing to devote
his energies to the Museum in the honorary capacity of Assistant Curator.

Thi3 double appoiutuient has proved of the greatest benefit, and there is
every reason to hope that in future district officers will take a more
active intere-t in the autiquarian treasure? entrusted to their care.

Thevalue of the sculptures in the Museum has not always beeu fully recognisedeven by Government official-, as appears from the following marginal notes

which I fuimd on au official letter dating back to the tim3 when the questionof their ownership had been raised.

Query

;

" To whom do the relics be-

long? If they were sold, who would take the proceeds ?"relics

R-pbj

:

"The

were collected by Mr. Growse and Dr. Fiihrer by digging a til<i in

They belong to Government,

the city.

I

think, and no one would buy

them as they are mostly broken."What I have been able to gather from previous publications regarding
the origin of the sculptures, I wish to discuss in a following section dealing

with the archaeological explorations carried on at Mathurii.
suffice toHere it will

say that the bulk of the original collection consists of sculptures* Government Order P. W.
sioner of theAgia Dhibion.

I),

no.

204M./222, dated

ctli

It appears that a Complaint

February 1900, to the Commismade in November 1809 ty Babu

P. C. MuMiarji about the neglected state of the Mathurii Museum fl:st drew the attention

the iiucal Government to the matter.

of

*

(

5

)

and Inscriptions excavated by Mr. Growse from different mounds round
Several of them are described by him in the various papers which

the city.

I am not aware that any of thehe devoted to the antiquities of Mathura.
sculptures

excavated byplaced in the Museum.

Dr. Fiihrer from the Kafikali

Of latestationery.

have been

All his acquisitions have gone to Lncknow.

It would seem that since the days ofmainedTila

Mr. Growse. the collection,

years I have been able to add to

it

re-

four

Mathura sculptures and inscriptions which Cunningham had placed in
the Lahore Museum, the femalo statue of the Saptarshi Tila and three
inscribed Jaina sculptures which I found in the Delhi Museum andwhich likewise originate from Mathura.

In December, 1907, a collectionof nearly a hundred Mathura, sculptures,

which for many years had been

lying in the Public Library at Allahabad, were, at•tothe place of their origin.

my request, returned

They belong to the sculptures excavated in

1S60 from the Janifdpur (or Jail) mound.
hoped that, in the course of time, other sculptures al-o which
originate from those early excavations and have become scattered will be
Itis

The Mathura sculpture? which are preserved in the Calcutta
and Lncxnow Museum*, it will be advisable to leave where they are,except in ca=e a piece can be shown to belong to a monument of which
This, for instance, would
uther portions are in the Mathura Museum.
The bulk <>f sculptures in theapply to the Bhutesar railing pillar*.
returned.

Lucknow Museum are from one site, namely, the Kafikali Tila; and thereis,istherefore, less reason for returning them to Mathura.
different with the

sculptures which reached

Allahabad and which, like the Allahabad
the excavation of the Jamalpur site.

But the caseLucknow via Agra andcollection, are the produce ofAt present, however, the limited space available in the Mathura
exhibits. "We
Museum, does not allow of any considerable iucrease of thewill be adopted and adhered to, that all
san only hope that the principle
be kept in the local Museum. If
will
sculptures acquired in future
excavations at Mathura are ever resumed and prove fruit-systematicquestion of extending the
ful in their results, theRecently, I

have to be considered.

present building will

have made certain proposals for thebuilding, which are intended to remedy the
improvement of the Museum
pr^enrrurpo.e. ^Of Intore.uhr it mere suitable for its

want of light and.

Mr. J. H. Marshall,

i

v.

>

n...

oulWHnn Iris Won eomiiWaMy ex ten led

Diioctor-Genetal of Arcliaeol »gy.

liypurchases(years it has been the policy of the

ums

6

)

Government toestablish local

Muse-

in important archaeological centres, such as Siirnath, Delhi

Peshawar.

andFor the study of Indian archaeology such Museums areeminently useful, as their contents can be studied

topography of the hud-places;inconnection with theand in the eyes of the general public, thevicinity of their place of origin will lend the sculptures au additional

The existence of a local Museum, moreover, minimises the risk ofoccasional finds being lost, and of valuable antiquities becoming damaged
in transit. Finally a local museum commends itself to the practicalmind on account of the saving of money and labour it involves. Theinterest.

sums spent in past years on the removal of large numbers of bulky stones
from Mathura to Agra, Lucknow, Allahabad and Calcutta would havebeen better used for the benefit of the local collection.

II.

—Explorations.

The first discovery of sculptures recorded at Mathura was that of theso-called Silenus* now preserved in the Indian Museum at Calcutta.
It was acquired by Colonel L. K. Stacy and presented by him

to

the

The same officer presented to the Society a
It hasrailing pillarf which likewise has reached the Calcutta Museum.
on one side a female figure standing on the back cf a dwarf and holding
Asiatic Society of Bengal.

in her right hand a small wicker cage, the bird from which is perched onher left shoulder.

On the reverse are three panels with scenes which,according to Cunningham, refer to the miracle of Eajagriha— Buddha sub-duing the elephant Nalagiri let loose against him by his malicious cousin
This

Devadatta.

pillarmust have belonged to the same railing as thetwo in the Mathura Museum (nos. J, 4 and J, 5).
In January, 1853, General Sir A. Cunningham noticed some capitals
and pillars in the Katra enclosure. The first sculpture obtained by himon this site was a fragment of a railing pillar with part of a female figure
standing under a tree, which he erroneously identified with Maya standinscription

ml tree.

At the same time he discovered a fragmentary
containing the genealogy of the Gupta Emperors dawn toing under the

Samudragupta, and which may be assigned(c.

the Lahore

Museum, but have, at

A. D. 400).

to theBoth these objects were

gupta II

reign offirst

Chandra-deposited in

my request, been returned to Mathura*J. A. S. B. Vol. V (1830) p. 507 ff. (pUte). Anderson, Catalogue. Par"- I, p. 160 ff.
no. M, 1. Burgess, Ancient Monument!, plates 00-01.
t Anderson, Catalugve p. 180 ff no M, \ 5a. Cunningham, A. S B. Vol. Ill, p. 21, plateVII. Burgess, Ancient Monuments, plate 59. C/.also Kittoe, J. A. S. B. Vol. XVI (18-17) p. 335.

Plate II.

ARC1IITH Tl UAI. FkA'.Ml.Ms.

7

(

)

and are now placed in the local Museum (nos. J, 40 and Q, 5).
CunDi'ngham mentions, moreover," two large capitals of columns, one ofthem being no less than 3 feet
diameter."indiameter, with a shaft of 23 inches

These evidently were left in the Katra square, and have sincedisappeared. *In 1862 Cunningham resumed his exploration of the Katrasite andobtained a " peculiarly curved architrave of a Buddhist gateway richly
sculptured

on

botli

side-;

with buildings, figures and trees including a

representation of a gateway itself."

Museum, which was among the
Allahabad in December 1907.

This is evidently no.

sculptures returned to
(Cf.

pi.

XXV).

M,

1

of theMathura from

The most importantdiscovery made here was that of a standing Buddha image (height 4' 3J"),
It bears an inscription which is dated in
Gupta year 230 (A. D. 549-o0\ and records that the image wasdedicated by the Buddhist nun Jayabhatta to the Yasa-vihiira.

which was found inside a well.
the

From this it may be inferred that a Buddhist sanctuary of this nameonce stood on the Ivatra site, andsixth century.

was

still

extant in the middle of the

On its ruins there rose iu afterdays a Hindu temple

dedicated to Vishnu under thename of Kesab Dev, which apparently

was seen by the travellers Tavernier, Bernier aud Manncci, f but was
shortly after destroyed by order of Aurangzeb, who raised a mosque over

The plan of the temple is still traceable. The inscribed Buddha
image was removed to Agra, but is now preserved in the Lucknow Pro-it.

vincial Museum (no. B 10).

In the same well from which the Buddha image was extracted, were

found five other pieces of sculpture including a colossal arm and hand

and astatuette of

Buddhaseatedinmeditation, withan incomplete

inscription in Gupta characters engraved on its base.

In 1860, when the foundations of the Collector's Court-house were
overhanging the Agra road If miles from the Holi Gate,laid, a moundhad partly to be cleared.

Growse calls it the Jamalpur mound from an

adjoining hamlet of that name, whereas Cunningham refers to it as "Jailmound."The latter designation is somewhat misleading, as the present
Grand Trunk Boad on the

jail is nearly half a mile further clown the•Cunningham, A. S. R. Vol. I, p. 237, aud Vol. Ill, p. 15 plates IV and XII A and
The inscription iound by Cunningham {A. S. R, Vol. Ill, p. 37, no. 24, plite XVI) has;

B.

been edited by Fleet, Gupta Liscrtptiotts, p. 25 ff. no. 4.
Bernier, Voyages (Amsterdam,t Tavernier, Voyages (Paris, 1678) Vol. II, p. 71.
Irvine) Vol. I, p. 298 f. "an1699) Vol. II, p. 76, Manucci, (storia do Mogor (trausl
ancient Hindu town called Matora (Mathnra) distant eighteen leagues from JIgrab where
there is an imposing temple." Cf. Proc A. 3, B. for 1873 p. 15.
:

s

(

other side of the Tehsll and)Museumbuilding*.

adopted the name •' Jamalpur innund."I have,therefore,

It proved to contain sculptural

remains in large quantity such as statues, bas-reliefs, pillars, portions ofrailings, small stone *t~ipas

hand

left

of

and umbrellas.

palm

in height,

two seated ones of life

and one somewhat smaller

size,

sculptureA, 23), twoacro-s the

Buddha statues, 74'

a statue measuringjolossal standing

Cunningham mentions the1'which camein size.

The most remarkable piece of

was, according to Cunningham, alight lure

to

(no.

female figure, which from its attitude reminded him of the Venus of theCapitol.

It is now preserved in the Lucknow Museum.

Three statues of lions (ht. 3') similar to those in the Mathura Museum(nos.

O, 1-7}

were also discovered on

numerous were the railing4/ 6'', 3'pillars

thisExceedingly

occasion.

which exhibit

thtce different tyre-,

8" and 2' 9" respectively in height, and consequently seem to haveAnions thebelonged to three different railings.

six

specimens of thesmallest type, two were found to be marked with the numerals 118 *aud

Moreover a fragment of a cross-bar (Sanskrit a He hi) turned up,

129.

which must have made part uf
stone,

the medium-size railing,ornamented cn both face? withcontaining figures and flowers.
the Jamalpur moundthere

semi-circular panels or niches

Among thecoveryof thirty

discovered in

sculptures

were several bearing inscriptions.

ing to Growse, three were dated in the reign of Kanishka
that of Huvishka.

and a coping-

Accord-and several in

In this connection I must also mention the disbases ofdedicatory inscriptions.

column 2,

fifteenofthem inscribed withGrowse mentions that the wholecollectionofJamalpur (or Jail) mound was removed
Agra and thence to Allahabad. The bulk ultimately found a resting
An exception, however, was made withplace in the Lucknow Museum.

sculptures di-covered in

the

to

the thirty pillar base3 ; ofwhile the rest

romained

were sent to the Calcutta Museum,
Mathura and are now in the local

these tenatMuseum, f
After Mr. Growse's transfer from the district J the Jamalpur moundwas completely levelled at a cost of Rs. 7,23b\ This was done as afamine work under the supervision of his successor.! Some of theis* That marked with the numeral 118 is no. J, 13 of the Mathura Maseum, the otherU Dl).

at Lucknow (no.

fSee beneath nos. P, 20-33.

JMr. Growse was Joint Magistrate under Mr. Hardinge whom lie succeeded as Collec(The " Hardinge Gate" is dated A.D. 1870). He was transferred to Bulandshahr earlytor.
The excavation was probably done in the famine year 1877-8.
in 1877.

—

sculptures nl)(;tincd mi tin- o<.'ca»i«vi are nr. w in the Calcutta

Museum the
One at least is now in the local'Museum, namely, the beautiful standing Buddha statue (no. A, 5).
The;others apparently remained at Matbura.

was dedicated by the Buddhist
friar Yasadinna; judging from the script, it must belong to the fifth
century of our era. (Of. pi. IX).
inscription

The

on

base records that

its

it

inscribed pedestal dated in the Gupta year 135 (A. D. 454-5-j),which was among the sculptures in the Allahabad Institute and i-; now in
the Museum (no. A, 48), is also said to originate from this site.*

Growse speaks of an

inscription of some length commencing with
Mahanljasya Dovapt'trnsya IIUvUhkasya *amv« tsurc ">1
Hemanta-musii \ div.
It is not among the inscriptions edited by
Cunningham and others; it is now at Lucknow (no. B, 3). A third inscribed slab is recorded by Growse to have been found after Cunningham's
visit, beginning with the word Siddh<"in followed by a date, and consist-the words

:

.

.

.

This appears to be the slab erected

ing of at least seven lines of writing'"at the place sacred to the Lord, the Naga king Dadhikarna" which is

now in the Lucknow Museum (no. on), f
Here I may also mention a fragmentary inscription now in the
Matbura Museum (no. A, 49), which was found by Growse in the compound of the Magistrate's Court-house and which, as he supposes, waexcavated from the Jamalpur mound in 1S0O. but thrown aside as m um
value.

It is

dated in the year 2$, and in the reign of a king whose camo

Growse assumed that it was to be assigned to the r^ign
more probably
the name is to be restored as Hushka.
In a small mound half a mile due west of the Jamalpur mound rows>is partly lost.

of Kanishka, but Professor Liiders ha- pointed out that

< J

discovered the lower portion-* of two large seated figures.
a Buddha image with a partly obliterated inscription, ofTheortew.it

which the only

vanha muse 3 diras C\,. The other is described by
Growse as "a woman with her left hand clasping an infant in her lap.
One foot rests on an elaborately ornamented sto:d, the other is doubled
legible words were

under her body.

There are five small accessory figures, one in front andtwo on either side at the br.ck."*

Cunningham.

A.X R-

no.

22

and

Fleet,

Gupta Inter

2^2

Vol.

Ill,

I,

300, no. XVIII, where it is erroneously stated that the s'ab

p.

3G,

p,

ff.

no. 03.

t Biililer, Ep. lad. Vol.

was found in the Kankuli Tilt.

p.

Cf. Growse, MatKura. 2nd ed. p. 108 and fac* mih\

J It is in the Lucknow Museum;(no. B, 18).

(

10

)

Growse states definitely that in i860, in digging the foundations of
the Magistrate's court-house (kachahrl,), thirty ba-es of columns werepartlyfound,

Cunningham

inscribed

the

with

dedicatory

According

inscriptions.

number of inscribed bases amounted

tofifteen.

to

Ten

Asiatic Society ofout of these thirty pillar bases were presented to the

Bengal on the 3rd September 1862 by the Honourable G. F. Edmonstone,
Lieutenant-Governor of the North-Western (now United) Provinces.*

The inscriptions on these bases were simultaneously edited by Dowson
and Mitra. The number published by Mitra is fourteen, that of Dowson
which agrees with thefifteen,figurementioned by Cunningham.

Evi-

dently the inscriptions are the same, though the readings differ considerably.

Mitra notes of eight out of the fourteen inscriptions that they

were deposited in the Museum of the Asiatic Society.
Whtt became of the twenty remaining pillar basesisnot distinctly

When in 1S81-2 Cunningham inspected the Mathura Museum,stated.

he found not twenty but thirty bases of Indo-Scythiau pillars.

Twenty-seven of these were lying outside the building, and this was still the casein April, 1005,

when I had them placed inside.

Fourteen of them are in-

We must assume that in addition to the thirty specimens dis-

scribed.

covered in 1S60 several more had come to light in 1877-8, when the
Jarnalpur mound was levelled. But of this " excavation " no record isavailable.

Cunninghamt mentions that a few were still " lying about " at Agraand Allahabad. Among the sculptures in the Allahabad Public Library
These
I found indeed two such bases, one of which bears an inscription.

One more was dishave now been returned to the Mathura Museum.
covered by my photographer in a wall at the entrance of the Tehsll buildins.

The Museum now contains thirty-four specimens, one is in the Luck-

now Museum and two were recently discovered by Mr. Marshall at the
Taj at Agra, whore they had been used as supports of modern lamp-posts.
It is intended to return these also to

Mathura.

The total number of these bases, including the Calcutta ones, amounts,
therefore,

to forty-seven, of

which atleast thirty-one bear

scriptions.

These epigraphs are of exceptional* A. S

Vol. I. p. 230. Anderson, Catalogue, part I, pp.

li.

on these ten pillar-bases have lately been re-edited by Babu

interest, as

176—179.

B, D. Banerji

Proceedings Atialic Society of Bengal (New Series) Vol. V, no, 7
t A. S. B. Tol. XVII, p. 107.

;

votive

one

The
in

in-

of them

inscriptions

Journal and1909, p. 237f.

(

11

)

contains the name of the monastery to which they belonged, while four

supply the date of
ever, that at theitsconstruction.

much

It is

to be deplored, how-time of their discovery no notice was takenof theirposition, and no plan was made of the building in which they were found.

Any interesting information they might have supplied regarding the architecture of the Indo-Scythiau period has thus been lost.

"When in March and November 1S71 Cunningham revisited Mathurfi,
he devoted his attention mainly to two other important

Kankali Tila and the Ohaubara mounds.

The former,

sites

situated:thehalf amile to the south of the Katra, has proved the most prolific of all the sitesaround Math am.

The first discovery of sculptures* had been made someyears previously by men digging for bricks. Subsequently the mound waspartially trenchedby Mr. Hardinge and two colossal standing Buddha (?)

images (lit. 7' 6") came to light, which apparently were sent to Agra andthence to Allahabad.

(Cf. above p. 8).

In the course of his excavations
kali Tila, Cunningham obtained manyatthe western end of

the

Kan-

broken statues of Tirtharhkaras,

some of which were inscribed, as well as pillars and cross-bars of railings.

He speaks also of brick walls and pavements, but unfortunately no drawings of these structural remains are

now available.

Cunningham remarks, that the Kankali Tila was the

They prove,assite of some import-

ant Jaina building which existed during the rule of die Iudo-Scythians.

The twelve">
inscriptions discussed by him range in date from the year

To these isin the reign of Kanishka to the year OS in that of Vfisudeva.
tobe added an

inscription of the year

39 in Huvishka's reign in-

scribed on an elephant capital which Cunningham discovered in a garden

near the Kankali Tila and which has since disappeared.

That the Jain

establishment, which once occupied this site, existed down to the Muham-madan period, is proved by inscribed Jiua images dated in the 12th
century of the Vikrama era f

In the space between the Kankali Tila and the Katra, stands a temple
name of Bhutesar (Sanskrit L'lifik&vn'a

dedicated to Siva under the*

Growse,Mai Aura 2nd ed.

p.

100, gives a list of eight sculptures

the Kankali Tila, some of which are now in the Museum.

discoveredin

The northern portion of the mound

was apparently examined by Mr. Growse in 1875.
t Growse, MaViura p. 119, mentions an image dated ta'itvat 1131
rial Museum Report 18S8-9 " four basements of Jina statues;

Fuhrer,JVitininscribe! sa,heat 1131" and iv

that for 1890-1 " two colossal images with the dates sa'uvit 103u( read 1038) and 1131 iount
These three are in the Luckin 1889 and another donative inscription dated saihcaC 10SQ."•

now Museum,

12

(

)

"Lord of Demons"). At the back of this shrine there rises a highmound of limited circumference. The large railing pillar (no. J, 1) in
the Mathura Museum once stood on the top of this mound and wasthence removed by Mr. Growse.

Itiscarved with the nearlylife-size

Over it is a bas-relief with a scene
presumably relating to -ome j<~it.'<.ka. The railing to which thi-; pillar, as
figure of a female paiasol-bearer.

mortices at the sides indicate,theunusual

Cunningham

size.

uoticedbelonged, must have been oneofon it the symbol for 100 andin-from it that the railing consisted of no less than a hundred similarferredpoets.'

1

To

the

railing,south of the Bhfitesar temple

isa tank

known as Balbha-

In the euulo-ing wall Growse noticed eleven cross-bars of adar Kund.

measuring 1' 3" in length and ornamented with a rosette, a lotus,

winged monster and similar devices. Four were removed by Cunningham, the others were left on the spot. From an adjoining well
was recovered a plain pillar measuring I' 7" in height by 11" in width andacarved with two rosette-.

thoughc db'ctioii,
ii'

This

shoulditbeprobably

is

noted

no. J,

that

3 of theheighttheMuseumis inreality2\".

An

important discovery wa- made on the samesite.

Built into

the verandah of a native rest-house (d harms "tin or chan^iOl) were foundlive well-preserved railing pillars, two of which are now in the Museum(iios. -I,iando). They are 4' S" high and 11" wide ; the front of each isnude female figure standing on a prostrate dwarf.
Ab'»ve is shown a balcony, over which two smaller figures are partly visicarved with a nearly

The backble.

of eachpillarcarved with threeis

one case (no. J, 4) the sceues evidently

refer

to

the

bas-reliefs.

Inbirth-story of

Visvantara (Visvi-'nt'ira-ja'aka), and in the other instance (no. J,5) tothat ff the tigress ( Vy'iyliri-ji'itaka).

Not only do these

five pillars

belong to thesame railing, hut theone previously acquired by Colonel Stacy, which exhibits a similar type,may safely be added to their number. Cunningham makes, moreover,mention of two fragments which he assigns to the same monument.

'

Two of the five pillar- discovered in 1S71 were sent to Calcutta,
where they are now preserved in the Indian Museum together withthe one of Colonel Stacy.

by Mr. frrn^se*A31>]>eai f> to

a.

K

to

Vol. 111.
,

me to be 30,

The remaining three specimens were intended

be placed
p.

•_'],

in

his

Museum;but at present only two<ir<m -e, M.tthurr,, :jnl cd. p. 120.

The numeral in question5

Plate III.

W

(

)

may beseen here.
The third has reached the Lucknow Provincial
Museum, presumably vid Agra ami Allahabad.

It is much to be regretted that these pillars, winch originate fromone monument, have thus been injudiciously dispersed. The intention

evidently was to have specimens in variou-

Museums.

Butshoulditbo noticed that these pillars, though similar iu type, are by no means

Only

identical.

lished by Dr.

ifplaced side by side, as onthephotograph pub-give us some idea of the effect they

Burgess,* do they

produced in their original position.

Besides, it is a fact not at once re-cognised, that the bas-reliefs carved on the back relate to jntaka stories

dividedinstance,contains only one

a series of scenes

over different

pillars.

passage of the >toryNo.

J, 4, for in-of Visvantara.

The

Museums is almost as bad as
the Indian practice of dividing a valuable manuscript among the heirs ot
distribution of these pillars over various

itsdeceased owner.

Another importantof

Chaubara orsite

explored by Cunningham in 1871

Chauvaraj, consisting ofai-group of somethat

twelvemounds situated about a mile to the south-west of the Katra.
Iu
when the Sonkh road was laid through one of these mounda
It was presented to Mr,(D), a gold reliquary had come to light.
Growse and apparently remaiued in his possession. Cunningham
opened another of these mounds (A) and discovered iu its centre a steatite
In mound B herelic casket, which is now in the Calcutta Museum.
1808,

unearthedaPersepolitan

capital

(lit.

2'J

formed by four recumbent

animals with human faces, curved- down horns and wings.

This remark-able sculpture is now preserved in the Calcutta Museum (M,14).JA fourth mound(C)

yieldedacolossal

head

(lit.

14'')

and theright knee of a seated figure with the left foot on the calf of the leg.

Both fragments evidently belong

to a

Buddha statue of nearly double

Growse mentions that a knee of a colossal statue found by
Cunningham was placed in the Mathura Museum. Presumably it is thelife-size.

one just referred to, and no. A, 24 of the collection.

At the foot of the
found
part
of
a
image
Cunningham
seatedsame moundwith the left
The missing right hand must have
hand resting on the left knee.
* Ancient

Monument i, plutos 58-59.

t According to Otrowsc [Malhtf't p. 122) Hie site is name! after i rest-bouse (;ha>ir'<,-«J

which once *tooil on this spot.
% A. S. R,, Vol. HI, p. 13, plate III, Anderson, Catalogue, part T, p. 180.

(

14

)

been raised towards the shoulder in the attitude of protection (abhayahiudra.)

Subsequently to Cunuingkam's visit Growse explored one of the Chaubarii mounds, apparently the same which had yielded the steatite relicvase.
His researches resulted in the discovery of a colossal headrouud hole in''of very Egyptian cast of features," with aprobably meant

to

its

forehead,contain a precious stone as indication of the urna.

Museum. He also acquired the lower portionof a large-size seated Buddha (Lucknow Museum no. B, 2) with an inscription dated in the year 33 and in Huvishka's reign, several pillars
and cross-bars of railings and "a great number of small fragments ofmale and female figures, animals, grotesques and decorative patterns."
It must be no. A, 27 of the

Sculpture no. J, 7 in the Matkura Museum was also found on this occasion ;the description of it given by Growse is somewhat misleading.
sculptureahe describes as representing

garden chairofrustic wood-svork,

Another"a capacious throne resemblingwith a foot-stool in front ofitand some drapery spread over the seat, on which is placed a relic casket.
In the background are two figures leaning over the high back of thechair. "*Some twenty paces from the base of the mound in which these discoveries had been made, Growse came upon a pavement with three large,

square, graduated pedestals, of which apparently two were in situ.

He

Cunningham, formed
They werepart of a pillar to which one of these pedestals belonged.
placed in the local ivLuseutn.f Oa tho margin of an ancient tankadjoining the mound, Growse found a stone fragment inscribed withsurmises that the Persepolitan capital, found by

three letters in ancient Brahml, which he read

Besides the main

sites

:

Ddaam chha.

mentioned above, Growse speaks of several

extensive mounds, in nearly all of which he made some trial excavation,

In one of them, situated between the Cuaubiira mounds and the Kankuii
a few arabesque fragments, and, at a depth of six
Tllfi, he discovered
feet below the surface, a small pediment containing in a niche, flanked
by fabulous monsters and surmounted by the mystic wheel, a figure of
Buddha, canopied by a many-headed serpent and seated on a lion
throne."It

must be identical with our no. B, 26; but

itshould benoted that the central figure is not a Buddha, but a Tirthamkara.
* MalliurCi, 2nd ed. p. 114and /. A. S. B. Vol. XLVII p. 119, plate XX. Tne fragment
no longer traceable. It ia also shown on no. 841 of the photographic negatives of the
Indian Museum (Dr. Bloch's List, \>. 35).
f They may perhaps be identified with nos. B, 33 and 3-i.

is

t

(

lo

)

A mouud near the boundary pillar of Mathurii, Mahull and Pallkherii, due south of the Kankiill Tiki and east of theGirdharpur mouud

produced " a straDge squat figure of a dwarf, 3' 9" high and 2' broad,"which may safely be identified with no. (J, 3 of the Mathurii Museum.
(Cf. pi. XIV).

In another mound just outside the Pali-kherafind

was made by Growse

so-called Bacchanalian group,in the Mathurii

the coldinMuseum (no.

village an important

weather of 1S73-4.

It

is

the

one of the most remarkable sculpturesC, 2).

It may be compared with Colonel

Stacy's "Silenus" in the Calcutta Museum, but as the latter is smaller
in size (ht. 3' S"), there is no

reason to assume that the two sculptures arecounterparts and belonged to the same monument.

Ia the same mound Growse(Cf. pi.

XIII).

discovered in situ " three bell-shapedbases of large columns at 13 feet distance from one another, at the threecorners of a square."This would seem to indicate that the Pfdl-kherii

mound marks the site of a temple.

Ia the space between thepillar-bases were found " some small figures of baked clay, glazed, of a bluishcolour, similar in character to the toys still sold at

Hindu fairs; also a

few small fragments of carved stone and some corroded pieces of metal
These objects do not seem to have been preserved. The

bangles."pillar-bases are still on the spot where Growse discovered them.

Ia addition to the antiquities obtained in the course of his explorations, Mr. Growse rescued for the Museum some sculptures and inscriptions, which had been found accidentallyand were being misused.

The base of a large-seated statue (no. B, 29 of the Mathurii Museum),
bearing an inscription dated ia the year 50 and in Huvishka's reign,
he found set up by a subordinate in the Public Works department toprotect a culvert on the high road through cantonments.

An inscribedpillar base (no. P, 22) had been plastered and whitewashed and embedded

in one of the side pillars of the Tehsil Gateway.*

may mention the figure of the Ntiga (no. C, 15) which
Growse obtained from the village of Kukargama in the Sa'dabiid pa,'Finally, I

cjana of the Mathurii district.f

Cunningham's last visit to Mathurii in March 1SS2 had as chief object
the inspection of the newly-established Museum.

XIV.

Vol. VI, p. 217.
•Growse, Mathura 2nd ed. p. 154, 3rd ed. p. 105 and 2nd Ant.
part I, p. 214 fj plate
XhlV
Vol.
(1875),
B.
S.
A.
and
J.
169
Growse. Mathurd p.
cannot bo
this sculpture with Balaraina, proposed by Growse,
Ttie identiBcation ofmaintained.

\A. S. U., Vol. XVII, p. 107 ff. plates XXX aud XXXI

and Vol. XX p. 30 ff.

f

II)

!

In the court-yard ho f/Und.

Indo-Soy thianpillar.-which are still

iu thecusses the inscriptions

a-i)already

and inside three~t:it< •<! ,tw> nty-st-vi'ii

ruoie, making

Museum (nos. P, 20 — 53).

in

Iki*os of

all thirtybases

In his repon he dis-found on some of these bases and three otherepigraphs.

Onthe occa-ion of thisCunningham discovered

visit,

the curious

sculpture of ' Herakle- strangling the Nemaean lion" (ht. 2' 5") which hepresented to the Calcutta Museum in October of the same year.*In examining the site of the old fort on the bank of the Jamua above
Sit alii Ghatl, he noticed '' abroken Jaina figure, naked, with an IndoSeythian inscription, dated in the year 57 both in words and figures,1'

which Mr. Grow*e placed in the local Museum (no. B, 15).

To the north-west of the Sit alii Gliatisite there is another moundCunningham noticed here numerous
fragment- of sculptures and large-sized bricks (18" by 10" by 2i"). The

named after the Arjunpura Mahalla.

antiquity of this -ite is indicated by the discovery of a railing(?) pillar
d wo rated with lotus-flowers :md inscribed with an inscription in threelinos in Brahml character of the Maurya period which

Amogharal'litaiji'd>~',vim.

The

originalis

Cunningham read:no longer traceable.

Itwill be noticed that no other inscription of so early a date has yet been

discovered at Mathura, except the Parkham
tions are resumed, the Arjunpura site

image. "Whenever excavawould deserve full exploration.

In Rfml-kT-mandi, north of Arjunpura, Cunningham
inscribed Jina pedestal which had been
before.

It

is

found

in

a

obtainedanwell fifteen years

dated in the year 02, in the 3rd month of summer, the uth

The stone was -ent to the Calcutta Museum. Tt is the sculpture
marked M, 12 in that collection, which i< described as " a pedestal of aday.

statue in red speckled sand-tone with an inscription in four lines ; the feetot

the statue alone remaining, size 17''Xt3"x4".

It

was presented by

the Archaeological Survey of India iu December 1SS2."JThe last archaeological explorations at Mathura were those carried out
by Dr. A. Tiihrer, in the three season- 1888—01, at the KankaTt Tllii andin February-March 1896, on the Katra -ite.
On these important excavations no other information is available than the brief notes contained in

Dr. Fi'threr's Annual Progress Report* and in the Museum Report* for•Anderson, Catalogue, part I, p 100 no. M, 17.
fA. S. B. Vol. XX. p. 3C. Cf. Grow.se, lad. Ant. Vol. VI, p. 218.
{Anderson, Catalogue Part I, p. 1S5. J. A. S. S. (X. S.) Vol.
V, no,
no, III.

7, 1909,

p.

239

17

(

those years.*in

In thediameter anof the-o1)Kankall Tlla were di -covered a brick sf.Hp

two Jaina temples.

i

of

17'

Unfortunately, in proper drawings

monuments have been made, nod the few ph/tographs taken inwork fail to convey an idea of what they were like.

the coins" of theAt

present, no remnants of any building- are trace ible on the s;>ot.

Dr. Fuhrer's ex.uvatiuns

regards the acqui-ition

1S90-1

alone

no

than

less

were remark iMy

sculp. tiresofAll the fiuds were placed

737

and

piece-

infruitful

results,

cameof sculpture

toLucknow Museum, whichin theas

In the season

in-eriptions.

light.

thus

has

become the principal depository of Mathura -culptures.
It appears
from the Museum Report that Dr. Fiihrer's explorations of the season
1SS9-90 were partly carried out at the expense of the Mathura Municihut the lotal

pality,Museum has not benefited by it.

Itisdistinctly

newly unearthed treasures" were sent to Lucknow.

stated that "all the

may mention in passing that among the acquisitions of the Lucknow Museum for the year 1S8S-9, f I find, besides numerous sculptures
I

from

the

courses,.templeKankall Tlla

" acollection

door-jambs,

door-sill*,ofpillarsof Kesava-deva, destroyed

ornamental plinths, string-andvated from the Katra, mound, " andfiveof thepilasters

by Aurangzeb

original

A.D. 1(361, exca-inlarge columns,

beautifully

carved and inscribed s.imua 1 220 (real 1227), from the Assi Khambha
temple at Mahaban. " It is much to b3 regretted that, in disposing of these1

antiquities,'

so intimately connectedwith theof Mathura, thehi->toryclaims of the local Museum were so entirely overlooked.

Oiaccount.pa-sage inof their

fullfrom Dr.

last explorations of' ;exceptional
Fiihrer's

quote

the

followinginterest,

I

Progress

Report J regarding his

1S90 on the Katra site.

During the months of February and March

resume the explorationsatMathura, which

139(3, Iin

1SS9

was enabled to— 91 had yielded

Jmna sculptures and inscriptions,on which a detailed mo lograph, illustrated by 103 plates, is now in
the -pleudid collection of importantthePress.

Withthesanctionof theLocal

were spent partly on 'prospecting operations'

Government,

Rs.

3S0

largo

Katra

* The passages regarding the Kinkilli Tlla f.o n the ilase i,a Reports will bofoanrtiu

inthe

V. A. Smith, The Jain Slvpa of ilathuro pp, 2—4.

t Minutes of theManaging Comuii ttec, Provincial Museum, Lucknow, tSSS-0, p >.
t

130-137, 1SSO-00, pp. 102-103 anil pp. 232-233.

t Annual

Progress

He port of the Archaeological Survey, Circle Korth-TTeilern

Provinces and Oud!>,for the year ending 30th June 1000, pp. 1-2.

(

18

)

mound, which is believed to conceal the ruins of Kesava Deva s ancient
temple, destroyed by Aurangzeb in A.D. 1G69, and partly on diggings in?

some unexplored portions of the Kan kali Tila, which mound in foimer
years had furnished numerous Jaina sculpture; and epigraph ical documents. "" The Katni is an oblong brick enclosure, built like a sarai, measuring

404

feet

feet longterrace, 72

Mlength andinoccupyingsjid,

about 5feet

G53 feet in breadth. In its centre is a raided
and S6 feet broad, upon which stands Aurangzeb's

its

entire length, but

only GO feat ofitslower is another terrace, measuring 2S6 feet bybreadth;
2fiS,

into

the pavement of which are let some short votive Sanskrit inscriptions,

dated Saihvat 1713 and 1720, corresponding to A. D. 1G56 and 1G63.

At

back of thetheof about

distanceMa^jid, and running at right angles to

1G3

feet,

may

be

traced the plinth

it

for a

of some oldbrick sub-structure, which, according to the popular belief,

ground floor

marks theof the sanctum of the once famous and imposing templeof Kesava visitedand described by the French travellers Ta vernier(1650) and Bernier (1663).

About 50 paces

to the north west of thisplinth I dug a trial trench, SO fee: long, 20 feet broad and 25 feet deep,in the hope of exposing the foundations

ancient

Kesava temple.

and some of the sculptures of thisHowever, noneof the hoped

for Brahrnanioal

sculptures and inscriptions were discovered, but only fragments belonging

At a depth of 20 feet I came across a porOn thecircular procession-path leading round this stupa.

to an ancient Buddhist stupa.

tion of thepavement, composed of large red sandstone

a short dedicatory

slabs,

was discovered, according to which this stupa was repaired
unfortunately, I was
in samvat 76 by the Ku&hana King Va.-ushka
procession-path,
the
whole
and
lay
bare
unable to continue the work
inscription;

as the walls of the brick sub-structure, adjoining the Masjid, are built
right across the middle of this stupa,"

Thus the Mathura explorations ended in 1S9G on the same spot,
the Katra site, where thsy had been begun in 1853. The rosults obtainedin the course of thesederable.
phical,forty-four years' research have been very consi-

An imposing series of epigraphical records of great pnlaeogralinguistic

andhistorical intere3t has

come

to

light.

In them

we can follow the transition of the script of Asoka's edicts to that of theimperial Guptas,

which hasmodernIn these inscriptions we s ee the ancient Prakrits gradu-

India.

ally superseded

finallydeveloped

into

by Sanskrit, which henceforward

thealphabets ofbecomes the sole

19

(

)

language used in epigraphical documents. The Mathura inscriptions have

Kushana rulers of India, and thus enabled
us to fix their order of sueees-ion and the approximate duration of their
supplied dates for the great

reigns.

Whenonce the difficult problem of the era used in these epi-

graphs has been definitely solved, they will form the basis for the chronology of the Indo-Seythian period.

The past explorations have further

revealed the existence of a Mathura school of sculpture which flourishedin the Kushana period.

The importance of this Mathura school in the history of Indian art asa link between old-Indian and Mediaeval sculpture and its close affinity

with the Graeco-Buddhist school of Gandluira will be treated in a following chapter.
III. — The Monument* of Ancient Mathura.
When about A.D. 400 the Chinese pilgrim Fa-hien travelled throughthe country of Mathura, he counted no less than twenty Buddhist monasteries which stoodon both banks of the Jamna and contained some three

thousand monks.

Hiuen Tsiang, who visited Mathura in the first half ofthe 7th century, found the same

number of monasteries, but estimatesthat of the residing priests at only two thousand.
five Brahmanical or

Deva temples.

He mentions, besides,

When the Chinese pilgrims speak ofmonasteries, the word is not to be taken in the sense of a single dwelling-house for monks or nuns.

It means a monastic establishment, consistingof a group of sacred buildings including convents, temples and stupas.

The scattered and mutilated remnants of these Buddhist sanctuaries,

now preserved in the Mathura Museum, still convey some faint idea of
They call to our imagination monuments of imtheir former splendour.
posing dimensions, covered with ornamental carvings and possessing
moreexact idea of the appearance of those buildings, of the plans on which
they were designed and of their architectural features. The broken basreliefs and headless images leave no doubt that they met with a violent
end at the hands of some enemy of the Buddhist faith. Who this enemy
The destruction of these buildings probably
was, it is difficult to decide.
numerous statues, some of gigantic size.

It i3 less easy to form ahappened many centuries before the Muhammadans made their appearance in India.

For the latest Buddhist inscriptions hitherto foundMathura belong

tothe Gupta period.

There would,

therefore,atbereason to assume that the Huns are responsible for the ruin of the Buddhist

monuments of Mathura.

We know from Hiuen Tsiang that their king;rMihir Gul or Mihiragula

Buddhist-, an 1

'

(e.

A.

20

)

1).

!7.3)

was a

bitterenemy ofissued an edict to destroy all the prie-ls through thIndie-, to overthrow the law of Buddha,

five

:

and leave nothing remaining."

however, seem- ineomp itible withThis assumption,

the

the

twenty monasteries and the flourishing state of B iddhi-ru

exi-tence ofM ithuraatatthe time of the pilgrim's visit.

However, it is certain thatatthe tim?

when

the reimant- of the-emonasteries were excavate 1, hardly any wall- we.e found standing, sothat Growse even double 1 whether on the site of the Kaiikali Tlla there

had ever exi-tad a building at

alland whether perhaps the mass ofimages found on the -pot had heen coll"
however, not very

difficultof structural remain-.

j

to 1

to account

The wall- weref'om somewhere else.*of brick-, and these haveTh

heen gradually dug up and used as materials for later building-.
the common fate of ancientmonuments which,like thoseare situated in the neighbourhood of a large town.
that Dr.

Fiihrer, in

the

is,

complete disappearance

for the
built

It

I

i 3

is

of ilathuivi,

must, however, add

course of his siib-equent excavations, did finddistinct remains of building-;.

It

can hardly be doubted that, if explora-round the city had been earrietions at the various ancient

sites

more systematically, andthe re;ults

if

hvl been published

iu

on

1

detailed

and illustrated accounts, our knowle Ige of the architecture of ancient

Mathura would have been much greater than it is now.
As it is, we have largdy to depen oa the evida.ioj of t'n sculptures
Wethemselves and on. the testimony of Bu Idhist monuments elsewhere.
1know that three clas-e- of su;h mo mime its existel in India the sti'ipa,
The ist-riientioned class can be -afely left
the temple and the convent.
:1

out of discussion, as the convent, used as a dwelling-plice for thj m;mk-

was usually not of a highly decorative character, though
always, comprised a chape) with an image of Buddha.

it

i

,

if notoft'Ui,The Buddhist convent assumed the shape of a .-quare block formed byfour row- of cells built along theindeed the samesides of an inner courtyard.

that the larger convents consisted of several storey3.

had

Along the innercourtyard there was usually a verandah supported oa pillars.
impossible thatIt

type as the sar~ol of mo!e;n India, with this difference

the pillar-bases, thirty-four oftion on one of them, now in Calcutta, it appears thatin

From an inscrip-

the Mu-eum (nos. P, 20-53), belong to such a building.
itbelongedvih'tra of the Maharaja Huvishka, which oucn st io 1 on the• Growse, 3Jiilhuru, p. US,

It is notwhich are preserved

site

to

the

of the(

Magistrate's)

The word

court-house.

monastery and21v ; hnra.

temple, so that theahowever, means both ainscription affords no certainty

regarding the [oiut under rli-cussion.
It isvery probable that highly ornamentalandpillars

pilasters,

like nos. P, 54 and 5.5, forme 1 part of a temple, and that the twostone-, nos. P, 1

theand 2, al-o belongtd to such a building.

temple architecture

fragment of a railiug pillar

provide 1

withperiodlittlewe(no. J, 21)

severalBetweenfour pillars or pilasters.
ta

two inner

the

is

the

which seems

roof whichapparently
rests

on

an archedpillars is

The building is unfor-

square window.

tunately shown on so small a scale that it
details, and the carving is,On

known.

The lowermost cornicecornices.

tloorwav and at e ich sideisfind a building

It has a high conicalto represent a temple.
is

that

of

carvedBut regarding

impossible to judge of themoreover, much defaced.

Its spire looks very

similar to that of the temple of Bhitargaon (Cawnpore district), which(PI. II andthe oldest brick temple existing in this province.

isIII a.)We are better informed about the third and most important cla-sof Buddhist

monuments— tie

stiipa or

tope*.

Stfipas are

solid struc-tures of brick or stone, often of enormous size, coQsisthg of a basement

more square terraces fmedhi) approached by a flight of(sopiina), a circular drum and dome lanJuJ and a cubeof one orstairs(linrmtka)-f surmounred by a range of parasols (chb'HrCivall. )para-ols (chhattra) were attachedof which a "rainstt/pas there

is

no

to a

These

metal mast (yskfi) on the topvase" (v.irsha-sthdlaj

was placed.

In the oldest

drum; the dome stands immediately on acircularIn the latter example?, this base has, as it were, become abase.
drum, and the whole structure is raised on a square plinth, sometimes
consisting of several

terraces.

The dome atthesame time

becomesmore elevated and the whole structure assumes the character of a"tower," the name by which stnp is are usually designated by the

They are in the first instance raised to contain
Buddha himself and of his chief disciples. Next they werebuilt to commemorate some important event in his life or in one of his
Chinese pilgrims.

relics ofprevious existences.

Finally stupas were erected merely for the sakeof merit and specimens of miniature size were given as votive offerings.

* Cf. I oucher,

L'art grecu-louddhique du Gandhara,\o\

I, pp.

45— 98.

Ferguieon,

History of Indian and Eastern Archilicture (London 1899) chapter III, pp 57—104.
t For this incmler we use tlia Burmese term liti.

22(

The Matbura Museum)

specimen of such a votive stvpa

possesses aN, l;pl. IV) inscribed with a dedicatory inscription.

(no.

It will convey

some idea of the shape and decoration of the monumental stupa of
It should, however,the period.

be remarked

that

this

stupa model

not complete, as both the lowermost and uppermost members areisdome wethismerely of a drum and a dome.

consistsIt

missing.

mortice whichfind thestill

was meantOnthe top oftoreceive thetenon of the hti and the bottom of the stone has a flange showing that

The remaining

on to a basement.

fitteditshow that this stupa belongs

cient tospecial interest,on account

a-<,

to

of the inscription, we

the flourishing period of Mathurii architecture

The shape of the Idi placed onseen from no.

best

evidently

stupa*

1, 9

two* Kfigas

portion,however,is suffi-

the later type ; and this is of

may assign it to— that of the Kusbanas.

the top of the stupa

dome can be— the upper portion of a bas-relief on which

were

may also be seen

shown

worshippingaCompletestupa.

on the reverse of some railingpillars,such

as nos. J, 10 and 11 (pi. XXIII.)

The Museumit,possesses two fragments of large stone parasols (nos.

10 and 11), carved with concentric decorative borders.

havebelonged to the pinnacles of si upas ; but

itThese mayisal»o possible that they

were placed over statue3 of colossal size. That this was the custom is evident from the two inscribed Bodhisattva statues which have been found at
SahC'th (Bahraioh district) and at Sarnath near Benare-;.

thelatter dated in the I5rd year ofthat thesea

The inscriptions,

Maharaja Kanishka, state de6nitely

images were dedicated together with parasols; and at Sarnathcarved parasol with in-cribed post was found near the image.

One of the most interesting objects in the Museum is no. N, 2 — thedrum of a miniature diepa from Dhruva Tlla*. It will be seen that it iscarved with eight scone- uf Buddha'-, life.

Thus it helps us to under-

stand how fragments like no. II, 7, which exhibit similar scenes, were used
to decorate sj»/x<s of larger size.

butstraight,

they

inu-t

But as these fragments are not curved

have belonged to the square basement anddrum of some small-sized stupa. The bracketed cornice of
this stupa drum (no. N. 2) deserves also notice not only on account of its

not to thedebased classical style, but also because it explains the use of fragments
like nos. N, 4—6.

*

Cf. V.

A. Smith, Jain Stupa pUtes

CV—CVII,

bonddhique, B.E.F.S.O. Vol. VIII (1903) pp. 492-500.

and my No(e$ de sculpture

PlateV"l I\

1

Si II' \

,

K

!

-II

\

\A

I'l

kl> ill.

23

(

There

is

one decorative detail in thewhich deserves special mention.
is decorated)

votivestitpa(no.

with a garland carried bylittle1)

The same device

figures.

wefind on thetoassume that these sto les once formed part of the facing of a

It

will,

drum,

N,

It will be seen that the top of its drumbas-reliefs uos. I,

2—6, and there is,therefore, reason
stitpa.

however, be noticed that they cannot have belonged tj thebut adorned some flat surface. The special interest of thesegarland-carrying figures in the history of Buddhist art will be printed
out in the next chapter.
It is well known that the famous stUpas of Barah.it (Bharhut),
Sauchi and Amaravatl were enclosed within stone railings of a highly
ornamental character. The procession-path thus formed round the stupa

was approached through four gateways (torani), facing the four cardinal points s.nd adorned with profuse carvings.
of the same type existed

so-called

tabletofand gateways
rouud the stapas of ancient Matimra. On ahomage(iiyiig ipat'i)*

Railing-;

which was recovered near theHoli Gate (no. Q, 2; pi. V.), we fiud the complete representation of a stup:iwith the staircase leading up to the terrace which

is surrounded by atheflight
of
steps
top
of
we
noticeAtthethegatewayrailing.
with its threearchitraves, similar in shape to those of Barahat and Sanchi.

would suffice to show

This alonethat the gateways of thederived from such old-Indian examples.

I

Mathura stupas weremust remark here that thetablet ofhomage just mentioned is not Buddhist but Jain, as appears

frominscription.

its

But this is immaterial for our present purpose.

The Buddhist and Jain stupas were similar iu appearance, so that according to a curious legend preserved in a Chinese text f even the greatIndo-Scythian King Kanishka, who was a fervent Buddhist, could mistake the one" for the other.

The type of aso-called Buddhist railing^ can be best seen on the

fragment no.' I, 32 where we distinguish three elements;(Sanskrit stambha) decorated with astone, and,third, thecross-barorhuman figuretransom;first,

the pillar

second, the coping-(Sanskrit suchi).

Detached

specimens of these three members of a Buddhist railing, varying• V.A. Smith, The Jain Stiipa of Jlathurd, plite CI II.
shows a similar tablet' of which the upper portion is missing.

in

size

Cf. also Plato XII, which
It ia

now in the Lucknow

Museu in.
Vol. XXXII (1003) p. 385.
f Ind.]Ant.
Cunningham, A. S.E. Vol. Ill, pp. 23—25. The SanuI On the Mathura .railings cf.
tobe vtdi, vediJca cf. A. S. E. Vol. Ill, p. 36, no. 21,
appears
railingkrit-raH term for aplate XVI and Mahdvanso (ed. tumour) p. 228.

24(

and ornament, have been foundof Mathura.

coping stones.

ment no. I, 32.
a

K, 1

Xo=.

medallion.*

inof theC>)

numbers on the ancient

great

Museumsites

ollection are portions of

The carving on no. K, 1-2 is similar to that on the fragThe cross-La is arc usually decorated on b th sides with"In the ornamentation of rhe Lo-ses or medallion-," Cunl

ningham say-, " the chjice of su 'je:ts seem- to have been left entirely tothe artist.
Here, accordingly, we seo him di-play his taste in the varietyof his flower?, or letting his fancy revel almost wildlyin thecreation of

We see fish-tailed lions, both with and without wings afabulous animals.

;

crocodile or rflagir, and an alligator or gariO.l, each with only two feet."Of greater interest are the railing-pillar?'}, of which the Museum possesses a representative

number, varyi ug in size from the large

pillar no.

J,

1 (ht. G' 8|"j which once stood in front of the Bhutesar temple, to the minia-

First of all we notice thatall these pillars

ture specimen no. J, 15 (ht. 2' Si").

are provided with a tenon at the top which fitted in the coping-stone, andwith three mortices on each side to receive the cross-bars.
that, whatever the size of theinvariably three.

pillarIt i- noteworthy

may be, the number of cross-bars is

The- railing pillars areallcarved on two sides except

only nos. J, 1-3.

On one side, we usually find a nude female figure, standing on a prostrate [Jwarf, either under a tree, of which she clasps a branch, or under abalcony, over which one or two smaller figures are partly visible.

femalepillarfigure-,which

sometimes been identified

typical

are

with

of

These

Mathura sculpture, have

Maya standing under the sCd tree,
The prostrate dwarfs, how-

but are mostly designated as dancing-girls.

ever, on which they are commonly placed, do not admit of either interpre-

On the railing pUlars.

tation.

standingoftheBarahat stupz, we find figures
and these are marked byon animals in the same position,in scriptious as semi-divine beings.

There is, tomy mind, little doubt that the Mathurapillarfigures,which are derived from old-Indian examples, have the same meaning andnymphs (Yaluh't), which were supposed to guard thewhich they were arrayed. The lascivious attiroundmonumentsacredrepresent fairies ortude of .several of these figures, does not militate against this interpretaOn the other hand, it should be noted that in some ca=es they aretion.

armed (no. J, G3), and assume the distinct character of guardians• Cf.

LXXXIVV. A. Smith, op.

cit.

plates LXV-LXXVI

for coping-stones.

f Cf.

V. A. Smith, op. cit. plates LII-LXIV.

for crosa-bais,

Theyand plates LXXVII-

'

25

)

evidently occupy tlie same function a- ihsdoor-keeperg (Sanskrit dvuropOla)of the Brahmanical temples unci of the Rakshasas placed at theentranceof Javanese shrines.

The female figures just described, are by far the most common on therailing-pillars of Mathura.

We find, however, sometimes male figures.

It is interesting that some of these wear Scythian dres-— a conical cap, along co.tt, trousers and heavy boots— exactly as it is found on the coins ofKnshana kings.

the

puiut

the

to

Apart from epigraphical evidence, thesefigure?

Indo-Scythian period as the flourishing time of Mathurft

In other railing figures we recognise Bodhisattvas (pi. III).
lite reverse of the Mathura railing-pillars, is carved in two different

sculpture.

way-.
i-ite

The older method followed on the railings of Bariihat

is to decc-

them with medallions containing a conventional flower, a sacred symBut on same of the Mathura pillars, forbol or a phautastical animal.

in-tance those from the Bhutesar site, we find the reverse divided in threepanels -.daeedone overiiie other, andSome-carved with various scenes.

times the-e scenes seem merely to represent devotions! subject?, suchthe worship of a *t«pa or sacred tree.

asBut in other cases they refer to someWe have noticed that one of the Bhutesar pillars (no. J,4) conliiim

three scenes of the Visvont ira-jCituka, in which the future Buddha

inhis existence as prince Visvantara performs the extraordinary act of giving

away his own children in charity.

The other Bhutesar railing-pillar in the Museum (no. J, o) contains
three scenes which seem to refer to the jO.to.ka in which the Bodhisattva

gave his own body to feed a hungry tigress.

On a fragment of a railing-pillar of unknown origin (no. J, 36) we find the concluding scene of thejataka of the loquacious tortoise, and on another fragment (no. J, 41)
there are two monkeys pouring out water over the head uf an owl, whichmust refer to the jOlaka of the owl (Ul'ika-jotaka).j
I may mention here that on the large railing-pillar (no. J, 1) there isa curious bas-relief, which apparently also represents a jataka inwhich

two monkeys, an ogre and an owl are the actors, but which has not yet
been identified. On the large pillar no. J, 2 also, we find a medallion*A jutah.1 or " birth-sloi'y'' is a story relating to some provinus existence of the Buddha.
They form a

specialsection of thePalicanon and have a'ao been preserved in a Sanskrit

collection known as JCdaJcamdlci,t Cf, A. S. B. for 190G-7, pp. 153-157 pi. LI and 2. E. T. E. 0. Vol. Till

52S--530.

(IOCS) pp.

whicb possibly ixier- to some biith-story.

It i-noteworthy that in both

cast- the y'tub.'. scene i- eaived nut ou the back ol* the po-t,

Uu uvei thepillar lignrc.

There remai; « one point to be mentioned with :et;.ird to ti„ dteoia-

The Mu-eum contains scwrul

tioc of a Ji:;i.illii>t u'ra.

-j.r-c.:.

lion figures -oui.-n O). raosl of w hi. h consist only ot the ir.nii

In the Trai^-Iuuii- eoimiry

the animal.

—

tiie

•„

>j-

of

-on or:ancient Ganli u ;;a

—

ueii

half ei, gaged lions weie tued tu decorate the base tr. "lit- otVfvus widen t'.ey

were supposed to support.

same purpose.

' Le lion ,;Y.'e nr..;y '-r-ume tliat ...

Mad.ma thev eiveM, roachcr*," bien qu

says

'

ii

:

the

aoheve settle-

ment do s'eteindre dans ITndc a etc hvnte clans un Sivle asscz convontionnei, et »a criuiexe »oigaai$eiaent peiguee on bouc'.ee se -etn des modesd'As-yrie,

Le pin- s«,uvt«t, ilbalu-trades)clcs

st'pa en attendant qifii -upporto le trone (shhk'i&fim)

du Bieahctircux.

Que son avaut-traiu seule men t s;'u dogate de la pierre,

oruo

le?

coins <hs ba-os(adOfaut deeomme sur les exemplus tie Saughao (Pe ; havar; et deMathura, ouqu'il soit
eonipletement detachecurame a Amat\hati. le mouvement in.kque d'hal itude qu'il est nssisi sur hi partes de derriere, exactcment tol qu'il se diesse,
langue pendaute, an liaut de 1'uu des piliers d'As jka.
It deserves notii e''that theMuseum contains lion figures of the two kinds described by M.

Foucher— viz, hail-engage ami detached.
1

In this re<peo: alio Mathurii

forms a link between Gandhara and Amaravati.

The names of only a very few of the ancient monuments of Mathura
have been preserved in inscriptions.

We have already noticed that on thesite of the Magistrate's eourt-hoti-e, there once stood a Buddhist

Convent

founded by the Indo-Scythiau king Huvi-hka and evidently named afterhim.

The sculptural temains found on the spot still attest its royal magni-

ficence.

Itiscurious that side by ride with this sanctuary there existed

once a shrine dedicated to the Xiiga king Dadkikarna.

.-\t.

other impor-tant Buddhist establishment occupied the site of Aurangzeb'-^ mosque.

must have comprised several

It

name ofThe mound- on

edifices including a fane of theYt.§a-vihara and a ^tupa restored by a king V:"su-hha.

the bank of the Jamna to the south of the modern city, -ecm to mark the&pot of a third group of Buddhist buildings, which existed in the days of

the Satraps, and comprised a sanctuary of the name of Guha-vihara and a

stupa founded by the Chief Queen of the Great Satrap Rajttla.t«A. Fouchfi,

L'ari (jrlcQ-louddlu^nC d» GandMra, p. 210, f fi-.oJ,

t Ep. Ind, Vol, IX pp. 141 and 140.

Tablet of Homage from Holi Gate.

(

~~
)

The Chaub'tra mound* are undoubtedly the remnant-; of Buddhist
stup'i? and thus represent a fourth group.
An inscription found here
mentions a locality Madhuravanuka.*

Tbe Jain community of ancient Mathura had its main sanctuary on
l ;

i

e ite

e

existelof tiie Kankfdl
liera

a

In

Til.l.

rlie

days of ihe Kit-liana rulers there

em oallo.1 in au iusjription tin Vodc St'^y,
From this we may infer that even at that time its:

ni .muni

built by the gods."<-

From other insrriptions we know that theorigin wa-s lo-t in obscurity.

great Jain establishment of the Kankull Tila existed

till

time

thj

._,f

the

Muhainmadau conquest, when all Bit limit monuments of Mathura had
long since fallen into ruin-.

Tuns we can still imagine the ancient city of Mathura. a- it revealed
it-elf to the wondering eyes of the pilgrim-, with the glittering domes of
its

8i~'px8— enclosed by elaborate railings anparasol-, with the dazzling splendo ir ofits

1

surmounted by rows oftemple-, i:i which gigantic

Build has silently received the homage of the faithful, and with

ma--

its

sive convents thrmged by hundreds of yellow-robed monks.

'V.

— The Mathura School of Sculpture.

'"

The vast umjunt of sculptural lemaius discovered at Mathura would-how the importance of this pla:o in the hi-tory of Indiansuffice toart.

One of the very few statues in the whole of India which can be assigned to
the Maurya period is {Le colos-al image (no. C. 1; pi. XII) wlii.li once
stood at Farknaca, a village 1-i miles from Mathura on the road t> Agra.

That it belongs to so early a period is proved by it- inscripti :m written in thecharacter of the Asoka edicts.
in the first century B. C.

app.

vs

The Saka satraps win ruled in Mathura

were patrons of Buddhism aul Ea Idhist

Lorn the Khar,' \thi

iuseripiK>.ii on tLa Kou-capi.ul.

flouri-hing podo.l of the Mathura -ehool of sculpture

coincides

ait, asThe greatwith theivign of tbogr-.-at Indo-Seythiau rulers Kanidika. KavHhkaaml Ye.sudevu.
Tiie

bulk

-l

the

in-crip:ions

povc-r.iloifound ou or in connection whit

M.-.thurii

B rah ml character of the Kushana type, andscidptu-os are written inthem are dated

in the rc.'gu of one of those tiir-o kings.

We

have seen that; the BuJd.ii-t uiona-tery whioa ouc° itoo.l on the -ite of theColbeior's e cart-house was founded by Iluvishka himself in theyear of Kanishka's en.
r:l ,j.

17th

Bidlhi-t tralitioa pie'ures us K.mi-hka theVol. VIII. p. 182.

iC/. my paper The Mathura School of Sculpture in the An.
Acchar-ological Survey fjr 10C6-7, pp. 107— ISO.

it

S-porl of tha

2S

(

)

Kuskana as the greatest patron of the sacred law, next to ASoka. On
some of his gold coins we find the figure of Buddha with the legend
BocWo in Greek letters. This royal patronage explains the flourishingstate of Buddhist art under his own and his sneee-sor?' rule.
That the Mathura school still existed in the Gupta period is attested
bv several Buddha image-, with votive inscriptions iu the Gupta character.

One of tiieni is the beautiful Buddha statue, no. A,,j, of the MathuraA- appears from the character of the inscription, it belongs to the 5th century of our era. The Museum alst' contains the pedestalof a Buddha image (no. A. 8) which has an inscription dated in the year
Both these inscrip135 of the Gupta era, corresponding to A. D. 454-5.
Mii-eum (pi. IX).

-J

tions were excavated from the Jamalpur mound,which once occupied theThere is, therefore, reason to assume that theysite of the Collector's court.

belonged to the monastery founde1by Huvishka.

Another inscribed

Buddha image, dated in the year 230 of the Gupta era or A. D. 5-19-50,
was discovered in

18(32 inside awell at the Katra.

These and similar

images prove the existence of the school iu the days of Gupta rule.
it-i

production during

Kushana

thisperiolisCutsmall as compared with that of

After A. D. GOO the great activity of the Matnura

times.

sculptors apparently ceased.

Only a few inscriptions of a later date are

funnd, and these all occur on Jaina images
Mathurii Mu-eum.)(Of. nos. B, 22-24 of the

There is plenty of evidence that the Mathurii school greatly influenced
Buddhist art
in thedhist

throughouttheperiodofitsexistence.

North-West," Cunningham remarks, "I find that the old Budstatues

appear thatmade of the Sikri sandstone, from which it would
Mathura mu-t have been the great manufactory for thearesupply of Buddhist sculptures in Northern India."is" Everywhere

fully confirmed by epigraphical records.

statue erectedatThis observation

The colossal Bodhisattva

Benares in the third year of Kanishka's reign and thenearly contemporaneous SravastI imago are not only carved in thespotted red sandstone of the Mathura sculpture-:, but both were the giftof theBuddhist

friar Bala

who,

in

all

probability,

wasalesidentof

Mathura, as hi" name occurs also on an image found near that place.*

A third colossal Bodhisattva, discovered on tiie site of the Jetavana(SravastI), bears an inscription which mentions Mathura, evidently as theplace of residence of the maker.

*

He- TmJ. Vol, VIII, pp. 173-182.

(

20

)

Cunningham* remarks that the earliest Buddha image found at
Bodh-Gaya is made of a sandstone resembling that of Matlmrft. Its
style is that of the Mathura school.
The famous Nirvana statue of Kada (Gorakhpur district), which may
be assigned to the fifth century, appears also to have been the work of a
Matuura sculptor Diuua by name. He is mentioned as the maker of an
inscribed Buddha statuette which I discovered in the winter of 1906-7
This discovery led me to restore

in the course of my Kadi excavations.

his name also in the inscription on the

Nirvana image.

A point of special interest, which from the beginning was noted by
Mathurastudents ofinfluence

Mathurasculptures,isthe Greek

which several of them betray.

Theor rather

firstHelleni-tic

piece discovered at— the so-called " Silenus" iu the Calcutta Museum — was, at once,"a relic of Grecian sculpture" and attributed to "an able

describe 1 asartist who

could not possibly have been a native of Hindustan." Prinsep

speaks of it as " a piece of sculpture bearing reference to Greek mythology,
if not blasting as
se u! pi ure

unequivocally of the beauty and perfection of Grecian

It was,however, apparent that, though the sculpture incharacter, it did not reach even the lowest

question was classical instandard of Greek

or Hellenistic art.

For this reason Growse rejected

Cunningham's theory of the existence of " a small bo.ly of Baolrian sculptors who found employment among the wealthy Buddhists at Mathura,
as iu later days Europeans were

Iu

this

connection

itisemployed un ler theof interest

between the Mathura sculpturestoM u glial emperors."considertherelationshipand those of the Peshawar district (theancient Gandbara) which likewise betray classical influence.

Oa

this

Mr. V. A.
point two"
have very
sculptures
Smith§ expressed the opinion that the Mathura
little in common with those of Gandhara and seem to be tho work of awidely different theories

have been advanced.

For this school ha proposes the term Iudo-Hellenic todistinguish it from the Romano-Buddhist school of Gandhara to which hedifferent school."assigns a later date.

The opposite view is that propounded by M. FouoherU, who ranks
According to him, thefirst among the students of Buddhist sculpture.
Mathura school, far from being a direct and earlier expression of Greek
*
t

%
§
U

It is now in the Calcutta Museum,
A. S. S. for t'JOu-7, pp. i0 f.
J. A. S. B. Vol. V (LS36J pp. 5G7— 370.
J. A. S. S. Vol. LVIII (1839) Part I, pp. 140 and 15(3.
L'art greeo-louddhigue dn Qnndhdra, p. 222.

M-Jiabodhi, p. 53 f. pUto XXV.

(

influence, received

The)

inspiration

classical

its™

Gandhara.

indirect throughinfluence of the Gi'ieco-Buddhist school on all later Buddhist arr has

shown in M. Fourier's standard- work that no doubt canon this point. Mathura. owing to its geographical position

so clearly been

now subsist
and— I raw add — to its political importance during tlu Ivusbaaa epoch, 'wasThis explain- the mixed character of thethe fir-t to feel that influence.

Mathura school in which we find, ou the one hanI,adirect continuationof the old-Indian art of Barahat and "vuithi and, on the other hand, thoclassical influence derived

from Gandhara.

The nK'st important point in which the Mathura school differs from
During the Maury a period,

the old-Indian school is the Buddha imago.

representations of Buddha, either as detached statues or in bas-reliefs, arewholly unknown,

In scenes de.Jing with episodes of his life, his presence

Ac Mathura, ou the contrary,
images of Buddha are exceedingly numerous, and we find him figured bothisindicated by somesacredsymbol.

in illustrative and decorative bas-reliefs.

due

to

This innovation

no doubt,

is,influence from the North- West ; for all evidence points to thefact that the

Buddha image is a creation

Gandhara.

This point I wish to discuss more fully in the next chapter.

of the Hellenistic sculptors of

Tho Mathura Museum pos-esses a number of sculptures with sjenes ofHere Gandhara

Buddha's life.

influence

evident not only from thei»occurrence of the Buddha figure, but al-o from the treatment of such
scenes.

than in

The episodes of Buddha's life are far less numerous and varied
Most frequent are the four main

Gnejo-Buddhist sculpture.

events of his existence:

his birth, enlightenment,s(>~pa drum of the

Dhruv Til«

first

sermon and death.

no H, 1; pi. Via) and outhe(

These we find on the slab of the Uaj Ghat-

(no. 1\\ 2).

The birth s cono wefind com-bined with that of the first bath in which tho new-born Buddha (or better

Bodhi-uttva)

isb.ing worshipped by the two Xaga kings,

Nanda andUpauanda, who ate shown emerging half-way from masonry wells.
treatment seems to be peculiar to the Maduira school.
Sarnath sculptures also thebirth.

first

bath

is

It

is

This

true that on

Usually shown together with the

But there we see the two ISagas standing in the air and pouring

water over the head of the holy infant.
Besides the four main events of Buddha's life, there are four episodesof secondary importance which form a favourite subject of Indianart.

These ate: — the descent from the Heaven of the thirty-three gods, the subjugating of the elephant Xalagiri, the offering of honey by the monkey, andthe miracle of Sruyastl.

On thet'J'imdrum of Dhruv Tlla we find, be-Plate VI

X<>.
Si.Ai!

St \H

KKl'K

H,

i

ikom

;

Ht.

2' 2".

Raj Ghat.

Hn>I)H\ VIMTKIi!!V[XDR\.

31()

side- the four main events, four scenes, which, however, only partly agreewith those four minor episodes.

It wouldseem that at the time when the

Mathuia school flourished, the choice of the four minor scene- had not yet
been definitely fixed.

It is stirpii-ing that representations of the offeringof the m onkey are wholly absent,, as this event, according to Hiuen Tsiang,

was beared not only at Vais'di but also r.t Mathuia.

On

the

btt'iAi

drum of Dhruv

Tl!a

two

these

scenesarere-placed by the offering of the four bowls by the Lokapalas and by Indra'a visit

Museumto

Buddha in the Indrasaila Cave.

pos-es-v-

twovery fullOf tiiis last scene thereprc.-entations

lintel no. M, 2, and another on the bas-relief no— one on the t'/ranaThere

H, 11 (ph VIb).

are certain details in the latter sculpture which leave no doubt thatan imitation of Grocco-Buddhist work.
figure anditis

The peacock over the Buddha

the two wild animals in their caves ate especially remarkable.

On the other hand it should be noticed that the Mathura school has
introduced a new element in this scene

"i

a,

which

found on the replica in the Calcutta Museum.

This points again

the truly Indian character of the Mathura school.

A comparison ofis alsoto— Indra's elephaut Air vat

the bas-reliefs in the Mathura

Loriyan Tangai (-Swat)in

Museumand the exquisite bas-relief of

the Calcutta collection will, notwithstanding

the points of similarity, serve to emphasise the wide gulf between the

Gaudhara and Mathura schools, as regards artistic merit. In Gaudhara
influence is still onvijus in the harmonious arrangement of
the figures and in the variety of their attitude and expression.
At Mathe classicalthura the figures are reduced to a few fixed types, and the !>a --reliefs representing scenes of Buddha's

life,

ber.r di-tinct

evidence of being only

clumsy imitations of their Gandhiiran prototypes.
These points are also evident in the decorative elements whichthura borrowed from Gaudhara.
to the friezes withgarland-carrying figures of which the Museum possesses

several specimens (uos. I, 2-0j.
tho garland-carrying Cupids
lenistic andMa-

Here 1 wi-h first of all to draw attention

Romau art.

These figures are ultimately derived fromwhich are found on the sarcophagi of Hel-On tho Buddhist monuments of the North-West"They are represented," Grunwedel says,

they are extremely common.

" on string courses, plinths or friezes, as boyish figures carrying garlands orplaying between garlands.

In the intervening portions

lotus-flowers are

sometimes introduced, or the intervals are filled in with symbols, animal?
or birds."*• Buddhist Art in ludta, p. 143,

<-'-

'.

)

Grumvedel was the first to point out that the same device, in a modified
Here '''theform, i- found on the rail coping of the Amarfivatl bt~>p't.
boys at play have turned into men who, bearing huge snake-like bodies,

A CDunejting link between

advance in studied and graceful attitudes.''

Gandhara and Amaravati is supplied at Mathura, where we find the garlaud carriers in an intermediate sbige of their development
than in Gandhara andnoticed aboveles-indianised than— less classical
It hasAmaravati.

at

been

that this device occurs not only in detached fragment? offriezes of various sizes preserved in the Mathura Museum, Ijut also on theminiature stupa (no. X, 1
friezes;

were indeed u-ed

pi.

IV).

for

This proves

xtiiptdecorationthat atin

Mathura -uchtiie same

exactlymanner as in Gandhara.
Another curious instance in which influence of the Grccco-Euddhist
school of Gandhara is plaiuly vuible is no. I, 1 of the Mathura Museum.
Among Gaudhara sculptures we often inee; with senn-circuhir or curvilinear pediments divided into various compartments by means ofconcentric arches.

The centre of each luuulate area thu- formed, is occupied

by a -eated Buddha or Bodaisat;va figure, by an alms-bjsvl or some otherobjejt of worship, whilst on both side3

we

find

an equal

numberofAt the end of each group

standing or kneeling figures of devotees.

of wor.-bippers there is usually a winged Triton, the coil of whose snakelike body effectively fills the narrow end of the lunulate space.

If we compare our no. I, 1, it will be evident that it is derived fromsuch pediments, though its shape is ditfereut andthe same structural purpose.
spaces; in the centre we fin 1

Each

side

is

it

cannot have served

divided into three luuulate

Buddha and Bodhisattva figures, Buddha'salnis-buwl and head-dre-s each approached on both sides by worshipping

But here the latter have became flying Devas of a thoroughly

figure-.

Indian type, and at the end of eich group there is a yawning crocodile,

which has replaced the classical Triton. The spandiils are occupied byconventionalised Garuda-. Here again we notice how the Mathura school,
in copying Gaudhara examples, has replaced

typical Indian motives.

many ola-sical elements byWith the bas-relief in question may al~o be com-pared the remarkable sculpture excavated by Dr. Fiihrer from the Ivankali Tila

anddiscussed by Professor Buhlcr.*

same purpose, but
It

is

is

It evidently served themuch more elaborately carved.

clear that in the instance ju-t quoted, there is no question of

direct Greek or even Hellenistic influence.

The sculpture is thoroughly* Ji£. Ind. Vol. II, p. Biy, also V. A. Smith, Jam tStupu, plates XIX and XX.

(Indian,both in33)

general conceptionits

and decorative

details.

the influence of the Grteco-BuddhUt school is unmistakeable.

But

In otherinstances Mathurii has preserved some of the classical elements whichcharacterise

fchool,that

butusuallyinmore iudianised form,:isothat without the connecting link in Gandhara, their true origin would be
Tiiis applies also to the garland-carrying figures.

hardly discernible.
It

the

is

truj

Mathura. ha?

that.

Bacchanalian group and

It

is,

so-called

few sculptures, such

Herakles,asof a distinctly

however, by no means improbable that some day

such prototypes will be found.

received soano immediate prototypes can be pointed out inclassical parentage, though

the North-West.

theproduce 1

Those few sculptures which have hitherto

much attention do not justify us in assuming a direjt Greek

or Hellenistic influence or even fie esi-tence of a bodyof Bactrian

sculptors in au3ieut Mathura, as Canuinglum suggestc !.

issible that themen who fashiouel

had inherited their

skill

tho?e

so-calledIt

not impos-

Grecian sculpture

from some Greek or Bactrian ancestor.

But

that they were European Greeks, nobody will assert who has onca set biseyes on a Greek sculpture.

A study of Mathura sculpture as a whole only confirms the fundthis school

which followed the traditions

set by the sculptors of Barfdiat, and Sanchi.

At the same time it received

amentally Indian character ofits

inspiration partly from the North- \Ve<t, but here its activity resulted

in thoroughly iudianising the creations of

Not only the stttpa

Gandhara.

every
drum of Dbruv
Buddha or Bodhisattva image which Mathura has produced, bears testimony to this process.
Til'i, the friezes of garland-carrying figures, but

Apart from the style of the sculptures, there

some more tangible

isevidence of Gandhara influence having been at work in ancient MUhurii.

One sculpture has been found which is not only thoroughly Gandharian instyle, but which is made of the blue schist universally used for Gandhara
sculptures.

It is the female statue discovered by Bhagvanlal Jndraji inmound and recently returned to Mathura. There can be
no doubt that this sculpture was made in Gandhara and was brought fromthe Saptarshi

there to Mathura.
capital,We may perhaps connect it with the inscribed lion-

which apparently was found on the same

site, and dates back to

the time when Mathura was ruled by foreign satraps.
ship between these satraps and those of Tnxiln
intercourse of artists from both places,

Gandhara

figure justThe close relation-must have favoured theand we may well assume that thementioned was sent to Mathura by order of the34(

Court.

)

Anyhow, it is evident that the sculptors of Mathurfi had actual

Gandhiira sculptures at hand, which they could imitate on the spat.
It is not a little curious that iu the beginning of Kanishka's reign wefind Mathura, in

its

turn, sending

down images to the sacred sites of theGaiigetic Plains, thus setting examples to the sculptors of Benares and

Gaya.
V.

— Iconography.*

The name Buddha was thetitle

given to Siddhiirtha or Gautama,

the founder of the Buddhist religion.

It"awakened" or ''enlightened."

titlesOther

isa Sanskritofword meaning

Gautama Buddha are

the Sage or the Lion of the Siikya
feukyamuni aud Hakyasimha,
The Sakya? were a elan who were settled in the Nepal Tarai,
and Buddha's father was a Sakya chieftain, Suddhodana by name, whose

race."

capital was Kapilavastu.

It is related that his queen Maya gave birth tothe future Buddha

Lumbiul garden not

capital.

iu thefarfrom Suddhodaua's

The site of Buddha's Nativity is marked by an Asoka pillar

which was discovered by Dr. Fiihrer in 1896 near the village of Runiniindei in Nepal territory at a distance of 5 miles from the British
border.

It can best be readied from Dulhii in the BastI district.

the inscription on the pillar

it isclear that as far

back as B.O. 250

From

— the

tradition of the Buddha's birth wa3 associated with this spot.

Gautama did uot really become'!

Buddha" until the moment when

he attained enlightenment (Sanskrit Boihi) under the pi pal tree of
Up to that time the Buddhist texts designate him as BodhiBodb. Gaya.
sattva, viz. a person predestined to

become a Buddha.

In thetexts,

Buddha is described as a being of supernatural powers, to whom the gods
and demi-gods of ancient India were

subject.

He is called the Lord

(Bhagav'in), the Omniscient (Szrvaj'u,), the Supreme (Anuttard) andthe god of gods ( Dev'itidevci).^Ho received the worship due to a deity,

and this explains the multitude of Buddha statues found all over India.
It must, however, be remembered that the first images of Buddha weremade several centuries after his death. In the monuments of the Maurya
period, as noted above, the Buddha is invariably represented by a symIt is curious that in all probability the Buddha image originabol.
ted with the Hellenistic sculptors of Gaudhara, the present Peshawar dis* Of. — Giiiaw del-Burgeaa,

Buddhist Art in India (Iioudon 1901) pp. 158— 177 aud

foucher, Etude sur I'iconograpMe botiddhique de I'Inde (Paris 1900) pp. 76— 95>

t Cf.— Kern, Manual of Indian B»ddhim (Stiassburg 18y6) p. 63.

Plate VII.

Xo. A,

i;Ht. 2' 3i"

BonmsATT\A Statultti: from Katra.

I

35

(

trict,)

who apparently, in fashioning bis face, took the Greek sun-god as an

example.
In any case, the Buddha type found in sculpture,Ittional.

is,ispurely convenhowever, partly based on the Buddhist texts in attributing

to Buddha, the thirty-two bodily marks peculiar to a great man (Sanskrit
mahu-pnruska). To these belong the protuberance of the skull (Sanskrit

u*hn!sha) — apparently a kind of

bump of intelligence— on the top of thehead, and the circular mark between the eye-brows (Sanskrit
which, at

first

The

sight, one might take for a fibl or sect-mark.

ment of the hair— arranged in schematicurnd)little curls t timed to thetreat-

right - ismahu-purusha, though
would have been more natural to represent Buddha with a shaven head
like a Buddhi-t monk.
There are indeed Buddha images of the Knshana

also in accordance with the characteristics of theitperiod inwhich

this is thecase (nos. A, 1

and 4;pi.

VII & XV a),but from the Gupta period onwards we meet only with the curly-headed

Among ihe peculiar marks of the Buddha, are also to be reckoned

Buddha.

the symbols of the wheel(Sanskrit chalirn)

and of the three jewels(Sanskrit triratva) visible in the palms and on the soles of the feet.

The dress of the Buddha is that of a Buddhist monk *.
1three pieces (Sanskrit tricfiivctra) :first,

It consists ofgarment (antoravu-

the lowersaka), something like a petticoat, hanging low down and bound to the loins

with a girdle second, the upper g-M-meni(v/Aar"i^:inga), which covers the;breastand shoulders and reaches below the knees and third, the cloak;(mnghci/i) worn over the twounder-garinents.

On the images, the long

foUed cloak is naturally most prominent; but the lower garment is also
shown over the lower portion of the leg-, and in images of the Gupta
period, the girdle

ismostly skilfully indicated under the folds of the

The treatment of the drapery is oftahrjka'i (cf. no;. A, 3

and 6-10).

particular interest, as

was evidently derived from classical art through

Gaudhfira.

it

The indication of the drapery is indeed foreign to Indian art.

Though very common in the Buddha images of Gandliitra and Mathura,
it is seldom found on those of the Gupta period and of the Middle Ages.
In Mathura art the treatment of the robe is much more schematic than in
Gaudhfira, which received its Hellenistic influence more direotlv.

Another"Westisfer-ture

the nimbus.

which the Buddha figure
It does not,has borrowed from the

however, appear in classical ait until

the time of Alexander, aud belongs originally to astral deities.

* Kern, op. cit. pp. 70-80.

Professor

(

Grunwedel * remarks tint

" the

36

)

nimbusisa purely pictorial clement

which, executed in stone, present* a strange appearance, anil points in tlio

wayclearest

to

old

a.i

schoolStrangestof painting."itseems, if

associated with recumbent figures of Buddha in the scene of his Nirvana

land 7). The fact that Buddha is always pourtrayed(nos. II,

halo, points also to his divine rank.

sculpture the nimbus

is

plain

:

It deserves notice that inrule there

to thisarebutwith aGandhfu a

few excep-

In the Mathura. images of the Kushana period we find regularly

tions. fa halo with a simple scalloped border

(pi.

XV),

whereas those of the

Gupta epoch are distinguished by elaborately carved haloes, which however have retained the scalloped border of the earlier

type.

A

fine

specimen of such an ornamental nimbus will be noticed on tho standing

Buddha image (no. A, 5; pi. IX) which on thestiength of its inscription

may be assigned to the time ofdie

Guptas. t

Qua torso (no. A, 13\

apparently of the same period, we find remnants of a halo, enveloping not

only the head, but the whole figure.

Buddha images
attitudes

areinvariably

mudrd,(Sanskrit

symbolical meaning.

executed"aliterallycertaininseal, markor

conventional

stamp")of

In Mathura sculpture these attitudes are practicallyto two.
The standing statues are invariably shown with thehand raised towards tho shoulder, the open palm turnel outward.

limitedrightThis inudt'uisknown as that of imparting protection (Sanskrit nbhaya-mudrd). Several of tho seated ones have the same attitude. It will
be remarked that in the statues of the Gupta period (no. A, 5) thisattitude is much more graceful and easy than in those of tho earlier
Kushana epoch (no. A, 4). In tho latter it should be noticed that thestone between the raised hand and the shoulder is not cut away, but
carved in a decorative fashion so as to assume the appearance of a cushion.

In the images of the Gupta time wetheshoulder.

Evidently

thehand regularly free fromof India had then become

find thesculptors

familiar with the execution of detached statues.
ence, which may here be noted, is that the

carvodinthe round,

Another point of differ-

Kushana images are usuallywhile the ki/er ones are always carved in relief

projecting from a back-slab.
* Buddhistische

Kanst in Indien (Berlin

misinterpreted in the English version, p SC f. Cf

.

190J)
also

p.

83.

Drouin,Thepissagehas

IV, Vol. V. 10O1, pp. 154-106 (transl. Ltd. Ant. Vol. XXXII (1003) pp. .427 - 432).

t Cf. Buddhist Art in India, fig, 143.
X Another specimen from Sarnath is reproduced A. S, B

.

been

S evue mimismatique, series

1004-5, plate XSIXc.

(

37

)

Other seated Buddha images assume tin attitude of meditation (dlvjfosi-

They are sitting cross-logged with tli3 sjle3 of the feet turnel
upward and the two hanls resting in the bp, the one upon the other.
Besides these two, there are the mnlrCn of touching the eardi (Sans-mudm).

and that of expounding the law (iVixnn'tchiki' i-mvArd.) The latter pirticularly symbolizes Buldha's first sermon
krit bhrtnii-spursa-mudrii)atBenares and is consequently ve-y

in th, but at Mathura I do notkaowcommoninthe sculptures of Sar-

In theof a single instance.

re-presentation of the fir-t sermon on the miniature slfipi drum of Dhruv Jill

N, 2 c ; we find the Buddha seated in the act of turning a wheel(no.

placed at his side. In the previnis scene ( b) of his enlightenment, Buddha
isrightly shown touching the earth with his right hand in order to call

her to bear witness to his medtorbus dee Is, but it is the only instance of
thismtidra known in Mathura sculpture.*

Apparently thecano

1of these

mud ras was not yet fixel at the time when the Mathura school flourished.
As eady as the time of Asoka, there existel among Buddhists the belief that previous to Gautama, there had been a numbor of other Buldhas,
who, like him, had preache 1 the law tD save mankind from suffering. Boththe northern and southerntexts mention, six pre leeessors of

Gautama,

igllva in the Nepal Tarai an Asoka pillar has been foundand atwhich

was erected at the reputed birth-p!a:e of one of these previous Buldhas.

At the same time, it was believed that after Gautama Budlha there wasThis future Saviour beto be another Buddha of the namj of Maitreya.
came very soon an important figure in Buldhist worship.
In later Buddhist iconography, the various Budlhas are all similar
They are only distinguished by their gestura (mxtdru)
appearance.
inand by a peculiar cognizance. But from the abrre remark it will beclear that no such distinction existel at .Mathura,
to tell

whether a certain

imago

represents

that

Gaitvma

it

is

or

impDsdble

some other

Buddha.

With the future Buddha Maiireyn, however, the case stands different.
Ho is s'ill a Bodhisattva and is therefore representel not in monk's

We know that Gautama was a prince before

dress but in royal attire.

natural that the

futureBuddha Maitreya should be repicsented under the same a-peet.

He is,

he became a Buddha;

it

i*,

therefore,

only

moreover, usually di-tinguished by an attribute — a small ve-sel in his left,* There is uuath.'i- instmce

width 4' 1Y
horses, 2.

m a sculp'uie no b 2_>3ot the Lucknow Museum,rcpre*en'ing a series of sconce, namely. 1.

The Sodhi, 3.

The 6rst s.rnou, 4.

The sun god on

ludrrt's visit.

a chariot

Rest missing.

lit

1'

with

four

(

33

)

to mark his royalbanc].

This lias been explained as an oiutment vessel

rank.

The same attribute i= sometimes held by the Bodhisattva figures of

We findGandhara.

itin the leftalso

hand of astatuette

A, 43;(no.

XV a) in the Mathura Museum, and for this reason I feel inclinedpi.

to identify it with the future Buddha Maitreya.

Both the Northern and Southern Buddhists, recognize Maitreya
that

it

the

Nonkern school
has adopted a plurality of celestial Bodhisattva^, among whom

future Buddha, but it

a distinguishing feature of theis

In mediaeval Buddhist sculp-

Avalokite'svara takes a prominent place.
ture Gautama Buddl

1 1

y attended by Maitreva

svara, and numerous images of these andBodli Gaya,and other important Buddhist

Sarnatli

and Avalokite-other Bodhisa'tvas found atsites

show the great

popularity of these divinities in mediaeval Buddhism.

The Mathura sculptures, howover, point to the fact that during theKushana period this Bodhisattva cult was not yet developed. The
statuettes, no.

Museum are the only figures
I do not know of any represent-A, 43 and 63 of ttt3 Mathura

which can bo identified with Maitreya.

ation of Avalokitesvara, not to speak of other less popular Bodhisattvas.

Even those well-known groups of a seated Buddha between two standing
Bodhisattvas,

occur

at

so

common

in

later

This

the

more remarkable,

Mathura.

isBuddhistart,

do notas such

seem

to

were

triadsalready known in Gandhara.

In a previous chapter I have mentioned the two colossal statues ofSarnfith and Sah'"th-MahC'{h, which were erected at those places by Bala, aBuddhist

fri irMathura.

fioin

In theinscriptions

on the-e images

they ara distinctly marked as Bodhisaftvas, but their aspectis

totallydifferent from that of the celestial Bodhisattvas of later Buddhist

art.

They wear a very plain dress, consisting of a kind of petticoat and a thinupper garment thrown over the left shoulder, and have neither diademnor ornaments.

They have indeed

the appearanceof

Buddhafigures

without a monk's robe.

The

fact

that

these

intimately connected

two

with

the

colossallegendwere set up at places
Gautama Buddha "on thestatuesofPromenade of the Lord" (Bhagavato Ch'inkrame), as the in-eriptions
say, makes it highly probable that they were meant for the historicalBodhisattva Gautama before he attained Bnddha-hoxl. The Sarnathimage has a small
that

this

Sakyas."figurebetween

its

feet,

and we may assume

appellation fi'ikijashhha " the lion

among themay note that standing Bodhisattva images of the KushanarefersIlion

to his39()

period frequently have such symbol-, placed between their feet, the me:m-iug of which remains as yet unexplained.

Among

the

sculptures

preserve 1

in

the

Mu-eum there

Mathura,is astatue (no. A, 40) which in its style and attitude betrays a close affinity

to

the

Bodhisattva3 of

Sarmuh and Saheth-Mdieth.

Unfortunately,

the head and arnii of this image arc missing, but there can be little doubt
that

it

likewise represents a Bodhisittva an.l belongs toperiod.

Whether

it

is

meant

for

KushanatheGautama, Maitreya or some otherBodhi-attva, it is impossible to decide,but it is noteworthy that, unlike

the Bodhisattvas of Saruath and Sahcth-Mahefch, the figure wears orna-

ments.

With these figure? may also be compared a life-size statue said to haveamong the ruins of Ganesra about 3 mile? unrtli-west of
Mathura and now in the Luckuow Museum.* The head and feet are
lost, but both the arai.i are preserved.
They exhibit the stiff posture
been foundpeculiar to the Bodhisattvas of Sarnath and Saheth-Mahethis:the left fist

placed against the hip and the right hand is raised at the height of tiieshoulder, the palm turned outward.

It is the gesture

which in Buddhist

iconography symbolises, as we saw, the granting of protection.
notice here also this peculiarity that the right handisWe

not carved in

the round, but connected with the shoulder, the stone being carved so astoassume the appearance of a cushion against which the hand seems

to re.it.

The Lueknow image wears a necklace and bracelets;

the dress

same fashion as

consists of a dhut'i and an upper garment arranged in theon Bodhisattva figures like no. A, 40 of the Mathura Museum.
girdle here assumes the aspect of a thick cord tied together in

But thefront

andhanging down between the knees in a decorative tassel. A similar girdle
The similarity iu
is peculiar to the Bodhisattva figures of Gandhara.
attitude and dress also makes it highly probable that these were the pro-totypes from which the Bxlhisittva imiges ofM aura, are ultimatelyitderived.

The GancSra image was supposed by Dr.

Fiihrer to represent theTlrtharhkara Vardhamana, but Mr. V. A. Smith rightly points out that
there is no foundation for this identification.

I havelittledoubt that

this figure also is a Bodhisattva imago, though I do not venture to suggest

thename of any

particular Bodhisattva.

Possibly another statue f at

* V. A. Smith, up. at. plate LXX.X.VII. The vill.tge of G.inesii lies so ne 3 miles due
we-t of the Kit r:i, north of the Govardhan road. Tl» e sculptural remains f->und there are
distinctly Buddhist.
t V. A. Smith, ojp. cit. plate LXXXIX.

40

(

)

Luokuow, said tooriginate from the Iv.tnkfdl Tilu, represents a Bodhisattva,
though the attitude is different (vu rd-mu.lrd) and the apparel of a much1

ichor kind.

The evidence afforded by the standing images would seem to justify u* iu
framing the following rule: images in full monk's dress including the robe(sahgh an) are Buddha figures

tho:C of the Sarnath type in monk's dress;

without robe, represent Gautarai as BodhUattva, while those iu seculardress and royal omameiKs, like that of Ganesra, arc other Bodhis.Utvas

But a serious difficulty presents itself, if we exten.l our survey to the
The Mathurfi Museum po-sesses two statuettes (nos. A, 1
seated images.
and 2 pi. VII & VIII), one from the Katra aud the other from Anyor,;

both of which are inscribed aud mint belong to the early Ivushana period.

The Katra image is in a perfect state of preservation, whereas thatof Anyor ha-! lost its head and right arm. The two figures are exactly
similar in dress and attitude;

yet

as a Bodhisattva aad the other as a

the inscriptions designate the one

Bud J ha image.

It should be noticed

that in both cases the back-slab displays the foliage of thsp'.pal tree (ficus
religiosa) so that both figures

undoubtedly represent Gautama— the one

as would appear from the inscripBut iu the sculptures themselves this difference is not indicate 1,

before and the other after tli3 bodki,
tions.

we are to assume that it was expressed in the head.
On the pedestal of the Katra statuette we not'ee three lions.

unlessThe

two at the side3, whidi occupy tluir usual position, are probably indicativeof the throne (Sanskrit $imh~<sana literally "lion's seat"), but the third,

placed in the centre, may here have the same meaning as on the Bodhisattva statue cf Sarnath and mark the image as that oftheLion aanng

aud two
The four atteuding figures — twocelestials — are common in later Bud lhist art, but there the stmJing figures are replaced by the Bodhisatlvas Avalokitesvara and Ma'ureya. The
Katra statuette possesses the distinctive marks of the Buddha referred toabove: the excrescence of the skull (uihmsha), the mark between the
ch-iuri carriers

the Sakyas."brows (tvn't) aud the symbols on the palm aud sdes. We are thus led
to the conclusion that, iu seated image, at least, the Mathura sculptors of

Kushaua period made no distinction between Gautama theBodhisattva aud Gautama the Buddha.
The Museum possesses a statuette (no. A, 21 pi. XVI), which was

the

early

;

obtained from the Slfala Ghati and belongs to a somewhat

later

period.** Compare tlic similar ii.»cribed, statuette from Sahtlth wl'icli was presented by Siihhadeva,
appears to be lato Kualiina or early Gupta. J.lt.A.S.

a chief ot Sfiketa or Ayodbja.
for 1000, p. 1005, pi. Iil, b.

HPlate Vij
L

41

(

)

It is clad in an ample robe which covers both shoulders, and may, therefore;safely be identified as a

Buddha.

The mo^t interacting feature

is

the

pedestal on which we find a seated Bodhisattva with figure? of worship-

Such a devotional scene is commonly foundpers standing on both sides.

on Buddha images from Gandhfira, and we cannot but conclude that here

we have another element borrowed from the North-Vest.
The Bodhisattva type in secular attire is also represented by a seatedstatuette (no. A, do; pi. X), the head and right arm of which are unfortunately broken.

It

represented in the attitude of meditation (dhyd-isna-mudm), as indicated by the position of the hands resting in the lap.
The soles of the feet are marked with the symbols found iu Buddha
figures, while a circular

halo with scalloped border

still

is

traceable,

The dress is similar to that of standing Bodhisattva figures, particularly
to

that

of

GanesratheWestatue.

noticethe tasseled ends of which are displayed on

Especially interesting are the ornaments

— the

the

girdlecord-likethe top of the pedestal.
theflat torque,heavy neck-of amulet-holders passing

lace with a clasp of mak-xra heals, the string

under the right arm, and the bracelets with plaques bearing a figure of

Vishrm (?) astride on a Garuda.
I now wish to offer a few remarks regarding images of Jinas ortwenty-four in number of the Jainas. As
Tlrtharhkaras, the patriarchs——

stated above, the great Jaina site of Mathura. is the Kankall Tila, where

Dr. Fiihrer excavated a large number of Tlrtharhkara figures varying

These havein size and in date.

Museum.

The Mathura

been deposited in theallcollection

contains more than

Lucknoweighty pieces(Section B), but they are mostly broken or defaced.

The

Tirthamkara

creation ; at least

it

image

is

in

all

probability

purelya

Indiandoes not bear any mark of classical influence andwefind such figures on " tablets of homage " which, from their inscriptions,appear to belong

toa time anterior to

The mo3t strik-

Kushana rule*.

ing feature of the Tirthamkara figure is its nudity, by which it can easily
be distinguished from Buddha andBodhisattva images.

This remark,however, is only true with regard to images of the Digambara or Skyclad " sect, whereas the Svetambaras represent theirs as clothed anddecoratethem with crowns and ornaments.

Museum beloDg alltoonly on the palms and
hair

is

the

formerclass.

Those

in

the

Mathura

The Jina has symbols notThesoles, but also in the centre of the breast.

usually arranged in short curls in the shape of spirals turned• V. A. Smith, Jain Sti^a, platea VII, IX an d X.

42(towards theright,)

with most; Buddha linages. But
we find sometimes a different treatment theappearance of a periwig, or it hangs down on theas is also the casein the earlier specimens
hair assumes the:

In the latter instanceshoulders in straight locks.
to

we have probahly

In contradistinction

with a particular patriarch.

deal

with

the

Buddhas, the earlier Tlrtharhkaras have neither ushnlsha nor iirn't, but
those of the later pare of the Middle-Ages have a distinct excrescence on

the top of the head.

The attitude of the sealed images is invariably that of meditation(dhyuna-mudra), the hands being placed in the lap. In artistic
merit these Jain
their

images are far inferior

conventionalism

anduniformity

enthusiastic admirer of Indian art.

those

to

of the Buddhists ;appall

will

even

the

most

This does not imply that in thecourse of time they have undergone no change.

A specimen of the earlier typeisXI), which bears an

no. B, 4 (pi.

inscription dated in the reign of theKushana king Vasudeva.

pedestal, on

incised,which the inscription

Between the twolions, which,is

as usual,The

deserves special notice.

are placed at both

sides

to>

indicate the throne or " lion-seat, " there is a Las-relief representing awheel of thelaw and agroups at both sides of

foundperiod.

number of worshippers arranged in two
Such devotional scenes are commonlyit.

the pedestals of Tirtharhkara figures of the Kushana
They occur also on the bases of Buddha images, a9 appears fromon

the instanceabove quoted,inwhich, however, the object of worshipin the centre is not a wheel, but a Bodhisattva.

assume

that

in

both

cases

the

figuresof

There is some reason to
devotees

carvedon thepedestal represent the actual donors of the sculpture.

A Tirtharhkara image of a somewhat later date is the seated colossus
no. B, 1,

the provenance of whichcharacteristics as the one ofisunknown.

Vasudeva's reign

just

It displays the samedescribed; but theelaborate nimbus leads me to attribute it to the Gupta period.

The standing Jain images are, if possible, even more devoid of grace
The treatment of the arms,
and expression than the seated ones.
stretched out along the body, is particularly stiff and inartistic.

make

I mustspecial mention of the four-fold Jaina figures (the inscriptions

designate them as pratima sarvato

bhadrilca "an image auspicious
the
which
of
Museumside"),
possesses several specimens.*
every
onThey consist of a block, square in section, on each of the four face3(*) Cf. Smith, oj>. cit. plate

X c.

—

43

(

)

The four corners

carved with a TIrthamkara either seated or standing.
of the pedestal are often

by figurines of human devotees.

occupied

It deserves notice that usually one of the four Jinas is distinguished by asnake-hood expanded over his head, and another by long hair falling

down on the shoulders in straight locks, whereas the remaining two have
usual

the

typo

with curly hair andsnake-hood must represent either

nimbus.

The

figureSuparsva the 7th or

with

the

Parsvanatha

the 23rd Tirtharhkara*
It should be noticed that in the earlier Jain sculptures of the Kushana

and Gupta periods

there

is

nothingtodistinguishtheindividual

snake-hood in the case of Suparlva andTirthamkaras,

exceptParsvanfitha.

The name of the pontiff represented is, however, sometimes

therecorded in the inscription incised on the base of the statue.

In

mediaeval(Sanskritwhichchihna,TIrthamkara

emblemassculpture thereofusually a symbol or cognizancecarvedlailchhana)
the

is

on

the

Thus

image represents.!

Rishabhanatha

orAdinathathepedestal, to

we
first

find

a

shosv
bull

TIrthamkara

The Jain sculptures of this period are often very elaborate,
the main figure being surrounded by numerous attendants chaurl bearers standing at his sides, kneeling devotees and crouching goblins(no. B, 21).

(Yalcsha) with the usual lions on the pedestal and garland-carrying
celestials and elephant-riders on both sides of the triple umbrella placed

over his head.

Very often we

findtwenty-three miniature Tirtharh-

karas, arranged along the sides and top of the back-slab, which together

with the main figure complete the full number of Jain patriarchs.J
Finally, a few words

may be said about the representations of thedemi-gods, called Yakshas and Nagas, which form the third section (C) of
The Yakshas are comparable with the goblins
the Mathura collection.
of Western mythology.

They

are misshapen

dwarfs who guard thetreasures of the northern mountains, and their king is Kubera, the god ofThey are usually malignant of disposition and sometimes evenfeeding on human flesh; but the benign influence of the Buddha's teachwealth.

ing makes them forego their cruel habits. In architecture they appear
frequeutly as Atlantes, for instance on one of the toranas of Sanchi.

A(*) In later Jain iconography Suparsva has afive-foldand Farsva a seven-fold snake-hood.
Vol. XXXII, pp. 439— 464 andfCf. Burgess, Digamlara Jaina Iconography, Ind. Ant.
1903-4,Circle,forNorthernp. 61 f.
Survey,Archl.
Trogress Report,

JCf. Smith, op. cit. plates XCIV and XCVIII.

(

44

)

good specimen of a Yaksha is the crouching figure (no. C, 3 pi. XIV) of
We may perhaps assume that the colossal Parkthe Museum collection.
;

ham statue (uo. C, 1;

pi.

XII) also represents a Yak-ha, though it

designated as such iu the inscription.
(uo. C, 2; pi. XIII), I recognise

ture

is

not

In the famous Bacchanalian sculp-

groups of Yakshas and Yakshls(female Yakshas), the corpulent figure seated on a low rock (Kailasa?)

being their king Kubera.

This I infer from certain statuettes (no-. C,

4 and 5), apparently later in date but similar in subject, iu which themain figure holds a moneybag, the typical attribute of the goJ of wealth.
It

not impossibleisthat the Faun-like figures standing under trees

C, 18 and J, 7; pi. XXII a), one of which seems to hold a bag,(nos.

represent Yakshas, though of a much more pleasing appearance

de formal dwarfs figured elsewhere.

than theTae changeable mool of the^emountain spirits i> thus apparently expressed in plastic arc also.

The Yakshls
beings of beauty.

lived certainly in the imagination of aiuient India as

In the Mahabharata*

we hearthe messenger of thewicked king of Sindh address DraupadI, the spouse of the five Pandavas,

Who art thou that, bending down the branchkadamba tree, shinest lonely iu the hermitage, sparkling like, atin the following terms: "of theni^ht, a flame of fire shaken by the breeze, oh well-browed one! Exceed-

ingly art thou vested with beauty, yet nothing fearest thou here in the

Art thou a goddess or a YakshI or a Danavl or a celestial nymph
or a fair Daitya damsel or a beautious maiden of the Naga king or aforest.

night-wandering(RakskasI)

the gates of Barahat

there

woman wanderingarein thewood?"

describe as Yakshls, and it is not unlikely thatthe lascivious

nymphsstanding on dwarfs which decorate the railing pillars of Mithur.l
also

meant

attitudeisOnfemale figures which the inscriptions

for such semi-divine beauties.

exactly that of DraupadI

••'

are

It will be noticed that theirbending down a branch of theItadamba tree."In this connection I may draw attention to a railing pillar (no, J, 55)
carved with a female figure leaning iu a graceful attitude against thetrunk of a flowering asohx tree. It seems that the sculptor has intended
here to illustrate the poetical conception, frequently referred

to in

old

Indian lyrics, of the a$ok:i troe iuduced to burst into bloom by the touchof the left foot of a fair woman. It will be seen that on the sculpture
the figure stands with her left foot placed against the trunk of the tree.
• Bopp, Diluvium cum tribui aliis Mahdbhdrati praeiiantitsimis epiiodiU (Berlin,1892) Pt.I.p. 51.

;(Kalidiisa alludes to

it

45

)

when in his "Cloud Messenger" he make3 theexiled Yaksha say :*"Profuse aiohi sheds its radiant flower,

And budding kesara adorns the bower
These are my rivals, for the one would greet,
As I would willingly, my charmer's feet,
And with my fondness, would the other sip,
The grateful nectar of her honied lip."
It should be

remembered that in

thispassage thereisquestion of aY'akshI, though in Sanskrit poetry e.g., in the play " Mfdavika andmitra" the ceremony of':kicking the aiokj,"

is

Agui-

usually performedbymortal women.

The Nagas play a not less conspicuous part in Indian lore than the
The name Naga is usually rendered by "Snake-god" orYakshas.

"Serpent-god."
figuredBut, though in

sculpture they are almost invariably

with a snake-hood expauded over their head, they have thecharacter of water-spirits both in the ancient legends and in the popular

They are believed to dwell in springs, lakes andworship of to-day. ftanks, and have the power to yield rain.
lent deities.

In this respect they are benevo-

But, if roiued to anger, they hurl down rocks fro u themountain tops and destroy fair cities garlanded with grain.
Naga images can easily be recognised from the canopy of

five

or

seven snake heads, but it has already beea noticed that the Tlrthamkaras

Suparsva and Parsva wear the same emblem.
life-size statue(no. 0, 13)

The Museum possesses awhich in an inscription incised on the back is

Huvishka and in
The
Naga
is
figuredwith his rightthe 40th year of Kauishka's
hand raised over the head, as if about to strike. The left hand, which is
broken, must have held a cup. This we may infer from a comparison
with another smaller Naga image (no, C,15) which Mr. Growse erroneously identified as Balarama, the elder brother of Krishna. Mr. Growse
was led to this identification by the circumstance that such ancient Naga
denoted as a Naga.

It was erected during the reign ofera.

figures are now-a-days regularly worshipped as Diui-jl, the popular appellationof Balarama.

Itisnot a little curious that modern images of thisdeity, such as the white marble statuette (no. D, 3G)

which was manufac-*Meghaduta stanzi 75 (ed. Stenzler, p. W). I have quoted Wilson's version. Cf. also
Saghuvamsa VIII 62 and Bohtlingk, Indische Spriiche 1st. ed. 2580 (Kavyaprakasa 105).
t For a different theory see C. F. Oldham, Serpent
1891, pp. 361—392.

WortMp in India, J. S. A- S. for

"

(

46

)

tured at Brindaban, are exact copies of the Nagas of the Kusliana period.

In this connection it i3 interesting to note that, according

to the Pnranic

accounts, Balarama was an incarnation of Sesha-uaga, and that at the timeof his death a large show-white snake was seen issuingfrom his mouth.

Are we to assume that the elder brother of Krishna started his career as asimple " fcmake-god ?

CATALOGUE.
A— G.— IMAGES.
A.— Buddha axd Bodhisattva Images.

A I — Statuette (ht. 2' 3J" or 0 m. 092*

width V 8" or 0 m. 51) in

1

.

black

sand-tone,

representinga:Bodhisattva,

presumably Sakyamuni,

seated cross-legg.d with his left hand resting on his knee and his right handraised to the shoulder in the attitude of imparting securiry (Skr. u.bhaya-

The hand is connected with the back-slab by means of a projecThe figure is clad in a garment whichtion carved with a decorative pattern.
The folds of the drapery areleaves the right shoulder and breast bare.
mudrn).

indicated in a conventional fashion on the left shoulder and arm and beneaththe legs.

The palm of thewheel, and the soles of theThe

toes are

right

feet

hand is marked with the symbol of thewith the wheel and three-jewel symbols.

each marked with a sV'iti/ca.

deserves special notice.

The treatmentof the hair

It is not carved in curls, but is only indicated by aline over th.' forehead, so as to give the impression that the head is

The protuberance
skill (Skr.

of the skull (Skr. uf>hn'^h r')

knpardu^.

shaven.

has the shape of a snail-The TirnA is indicated between the eyebrows.

It iscurious that, though the image thus possesses the marks of a Buddha, it isdesignated in its inscription as a Bodhisattva.

The head is encircled by a halo with scolloped border, around which
The circumstance of the foliage
the foliage of the Bodhi tree is shown
being that of the j>'pul tree (fie us rel>g>Oi"~') renders it highly probable thatthe image represents indeed Sakyamuni before the attainment of Buddha-hood.

To theright

and theleftof tho Bodhisattva stands an attendant,

wearing royal attire and waving a fly-whi-k in his right hand.

Over these two attendants are twoliving figurines,

proper left, is slightly damaged.
preservation.

presumably Dev.is,

One of these figures, that to theshowering flowers over llu Bodhisatt va.

For the rest the sculptureinis

The pedestal is supported by three seated lions

the centre facing, the other two, placed at;

excellent

the one in

the sides, turned outward.

tho three raised rims of the ped i =tal i 5 a Prakrit ins:ription in threemeasuring 15^", 1(H" and 7J" respectively.
1

Inscribed sculptures ara marked n'itu an asterisk.

s

In a preliminary note onp. 37)

1

thisinscription

I read it 2Onlines,:(Annual Progress Report

read Naia-vitare "in tUc S ika-SIonastery," but tlii-s reading is to

for

bo

1007-08,

abandoned,

-is

(

(1)

BudluJ ralli '.taw(2),«'"/('?,

A ni< h<~-<~*iyerrni<~d.:t'rc

m~i <~ p't'lil
f

s<ihi

Or rendered in Sanskrit

lik'-rc {))uaJiit''y'nh

1

Lod'iiW'i'hosavasatcunn

jj.UitJiOpito

hiti'sukhiiyc.

:

A i>ivhj*ya BodhisoAtv'th pratiihthup'dah

Biuldlt'ir.iksli't'isiiu m'lJrO,
iiiii f ~ipi 1 fib 1/)r

sr-ikesorva^itte'iuCtui

r */«"«;•«

hiUi.^uklutyu.

Budliardkhita'.s moth r Amohii-iNI lias erect ed [this] Bodhisattva together

with her parent-

her

in

own oonwnt(or temple)

for

the

welfareandhappim ss of all s.mtient Icings."'
Palaoographieal evidence point, to the sculpture belonging to the early

Ku-hana period.

It

Buddha image
Sakyamuni of wdii-h

with

is

the old..st reprcsentaaon

of

the

of

mately he fixed by an iusciiption. and must ho one of theOn accountimages made in 3Iatliura.

of

its,

A 2)

Auyor (No.

the date can approxifirst

Buddhist

and excellent

artistic meiifc

preservation a\-u this Bodhisattva is one of the most remarkable sculptures
preseiv d in the Museum.

Thj stutit'-tte was purchased for the )fu>euiu by Pandit Radha Kiishnafrom a Brahmin who is said to have found it in digging a well on the Katra
t-it

',

and wdio worshippeditattending figures represented

Bharata and Satrughnaa->Yi<vamitra, w hile assuming that the fourRama and his three brothers Lakshmaua,(Hate YIlj.

On loan from the GovernmentofIndia.
* A2.

— Image(ht. 2' 9'' or 0

m. S3S; width

2'

1"

or

0 m,

a

G'.i) of

Buddlia seated cro-sdegged with his kit hand resting on his knee.

Theright arm is lost, but the hand was evidently raised to the shoulder

theattitudeof

imparting security (.*>kr. abhay i-mudrii).

was provided w ith a circular halo, whichispartlyextant.

Th:it

On both sidesof the halo is the ioliage ot the Bodhi tree (jicus religion").

chd in an up}, r garment which leaves the rightin

The head is lost

The figure isshoulder and breast bare.

soles of the feet are marked with the wheel and three-jewel
The image is placed on a pedestal decorated on the sides with atnrncd-up

symbol-.

pair of soat.d

lions

turned outward.

The central portion of the pedestal

appears, to be d. faced and may have contained a third lion, as

the Kaha

Budhisattva(cf.

above A 1).

is found on
Along the raised upper rim of thejiedestal is an imcripiiou in two lines of 23" and ITi" respectively
1.

Upi'is'ibmyn^asha>yi

Iirirv^fmsya

dann[*m]It reads:

J3u[~*d]dha-

2-i'at[i]mu Ut>'ir'sy<t Il[i'i]rvifni[>yi]2.
1vlh-J.re>y'/t"<

mut"-pit'hi »nn: ix 'tv'/ i,[<T]m h;t>i-svAL[<~],'ilm[m].

With tb* I'-n-m Bjd'um.o f-r Both ,.iltta cf, c'i ichclu, a for chatvara, pahuchchair rtirt «lcjii, -ill iicU:.-' f u r frn'vCi ttVi.-uci.cmc in AidInuiu 'iidLI and connected dialects.

l..r

b

Platk IX.

49

(

)

" Gift of the lay-member Sudia of Ilnru-Un

1.

a

Buddhaimage-

thoatconvent of Utt.ira of Haru-ha togKher with his ptr nts f« >r the stko of thewelfare and happiness ofalldeserves notice thatIts'-'iiti.'nt

beings."laagu \githe.

that of tli j Kah\i Be. IhUattva, inseripti en.

u muili rcuro banskritic thanIt may be assigned to the caily

Kushana period on account of tin character whi-h agrees clo>oly withof th_> Samath B xlhisittva inscriptions of the 3rd year of Kanidika.

that

The image is the oldest Buddha figure designated as such in an insoiipfirst representations of Buddha toundin India, excluding Gandhiira.
It was discovered by General Cunningham
tion and must, therefore, be one of thein 1882-83 at the village of Anyor at the south-eastern foot of the Giiiraj or
Govardhan hill and acquired tor the Museum in .January 1!J0 8 by Pan lit

Radha Krishna.

(Plate YIII.

Cf.

A. ,8. R., Vol.

XX, p.

V,

49. plate

On loan from the Government of India.

No. 5 )A 3. — Image

V IV or 0 in. G02) of a Buddha .seated cross-legged,
2

(lit.

with his right hand raised
protection.

Theshoulder in the attitude of impairing

the

to

hand

right

is

l>roken:the head and kit arm are missing,

The robe Laves the right shoulder uncovered

Part of the halo is preserved.

and is tied to the. loins by means of a girdle ending in two tassels which are
below thevisibleThis image was standing at the entrance of thefeet.

Damdama or Sarfd-Jamfdpur now occupied by theit originates from

A 4. — Image
pecbstal missing.

Possibly

Police hues.

the neighbouring Jamfdpur -ite.
(lit.

2' 8" or 0 m.

81) of a standing Buddha.

Fe t andThe head is provided with a circular halo with scolloped

The hair is treated so as to simulate the shaven head ot a monk
Circular mark (Skr. i'i'ii''.)the protuberance of the skull is conical in shape.
border.

;Protruding lips.

between tlu eye-brows.
height of the shoulder;th

The right hand is labtd

to

the

open palm is marked with th syml ol of theawheel (Skr. chaJint). The stone connecting the hand and the halo is carved

The loft hand iii'is the hem of
The robe covers
th? shoulder.

so as to present the appearauee of a cushion.
level

the robe (Skr. sihjhnt'i) to theboth shoulders.

of

The general attitiub of the image i< similar to that of some

Gandhara images, but the style(Plate XVa.
place unknown.

*A 5.— Statue (ht.

7'

21"

is

typicalCt.

for theITathura sehool.

or 2

in. 20,width across shoulders 2'

0 m. bT) of a standing Buddha clad in a w.dl-earved upper garment
'.

:

Find-

Griinwed 1, Buddh'<»t Ait, fig. 117).

The genufr iphicil i?) iimie IIuusliu I am uuatile to iil<.:iti:y.
m mVs rob-sa us Ballbi figures, though, lika No. A
desumtei] ail imi^i

I b:iveiithey possibly represent S iky.vjiuni bebre the Biihi, iu which use theyiinmed UoJliisattvas

or

(Skr.

1,

nould La Currcctly

—

50

(

)

Round thewhich covers both shoulders.

fiahghfc!)

Thelight hand which

is

The

abhaya-iaudra).

prot.ction (Skr.

The

upper garment.

hair, initfh n' nhn )(Skr.

mark.d.

But th >ro u no

a

,

the

in the attitude ofhand holds the hemof thagreement with the canon, is arranged inschematic little curls turned to th
the skull

left

above

visiblewas raised

brokenwo notice hewaist

indication of a girdle which holds up the lower garment
ankles.

3

The protuberanc e on the tip ofright.

charaet eristic

the

of

Buddhas,is cLarly

trace of the mark on the forehead (Skr. until),

The nose and elongatedanother sign of the bodlii.

ear-i

are

slightly

The head is adorned with a magnificently carved halo (diameter-

injured.

s' or 0 m. 915), circular in shape, consi-tiag of concentric, decorative bandsof various design,

At the feet of the statue wefind

two kneeling figurines, partly broken,

which represent a couple of human wor-hippers, presumably the donors of
the sculpture.

On thefrontbase a Sanskritof th;

inscription is cut,consisting of two lines in Gupta character of the fifth century

yam iCikyalhikiho (r* ) Ya's <di a ivisya.

Dey nlhnrmo:

Ya:l atra puvyarh tad hhavniu

vui (2) tu-'pittro Cicliary- jpaddlty't (dhyDyiin'oh ch't tsorvva- sat va, (ttco)" This is the pious gift of the Buddhist monk

nuttar-i-j udn<i (n'i)-vupt n/e.

Yaiadinna.

Whatsoever merit [there is] in

this[gift],

letattainment of supreme knowledge of [hi-.] parents, teachersitbe for theand preceptors

an J of all sentient beings.'

The sculpture was discovered ii the cours of the excavation of the
mjunl. It was found broken in two pieces by a

Jam'ilpur (or Jail)
fracture above theankles.

anofexcellent, state

115 andp.

130;

plat eApart from the mi -.sing right hand,preservation,facing(Plate IX.

it

is

in

Growse, M<ithura,j>.

Cf.

172. and J A. S. B., Vol. XLYII (1878;, Part I.

p.

plate XXI. G. le Bon, Les Civil hat ions

de

I'

lade

(Paris 1887;

hg. 94 ).

A G. — Statue (ht. 4' 9" or 1 m.47) of a Buddha standing in the attitudeof imparting security (Skr. uhhay'i.-mudi ««).

The draperyofmatic folds.

At theworshippers.
periol.

The

preserved in

the robe
feet

Head and two hands broken.

whh:h covers both shoulders is indicated bv scheof the

Buldhaaretwo kneeling figurines ofJudging from the style, the image belongs to the Gupta
statuetheisbroken in twopieees across the knee*.

It

was

Allahabad Library up to December 1907, and perhaps

came from the Jamalpur site.

A 7.— Torso (ht. 4' 4" or 1 m. 33) of a Buddha statue of which the head,
hands and feet are mis dng.

The draping

of

the

robe which covers both

(

51

)

shoulders is marker] by schematic folds.

ofan ornamental

Oa aeejunt of tli3

hilo.

AS.

— Torso1Over the left shoulders part

imigo canthestylo,be

It was kept in tlia Alhhabad Library up to

assigned to the Gupta period.

December 1907, an

The imago stands in the attitude

abh"yi-muA >*«).

of imparting security (Skr.

perhaps came from the Jamllpur site.

(ht. 3' 8''orm. 11) of a Biddha statuo standing in the

1

Head, rkjht hand

attitude of imparting protection (Skr, abhaya-mvAr'').

Th drapery of thj robe which coveis bothschematic folds.
Uuder the upper garment theand feet with pedestal missing.

markedshoulders isingirdle is shown with which the lower garment is fast eiiedOnaccount of

peiiod.

its

style,

theround theloins.

may be attributed to the Gupta

sculpture

It was preserved in the Allahabad

Library up to December 1907,

and perhaps originates from the Jamfdpur site.

A 9.— Torso |ht. 3' C or 1 m. 075) of a standing Buddha draped in a
foldy robe which covers both should ers. The girdle (Skr. Inyab'sndhann),
by means of which the lower garment is fastened to the loins, assumes theappearanceof a double,

Evidently thehand was

right

Tiie

belt.

flit

provided with a halo, is mining.

heal, which must have been

Th? arms are broken
raisedoff atthe elbow*.

to the shoulder and theopen palm

turned outward in tip gesture expressing protection (Skr. alh njn-niU'lni).

The left hand probably hold th: hem of tlu monk's
its

period.

Oa account ofrobe.

A 5, the image may be assigned to the Gupta

similarity in style with no.

Find-place unknown.

A 10.— Torso (ht.

3' 3''or 0 m. 90) of a Buddha statue standing in theattitude of imparting protection
feet with pedestal mining.

(Skr. nbhaya-iandrri).

The drapery

shoulders is disposed in sohemati: folds.

belongs to the Gupta p uiod.

Itof the robe

Head, hands andwhich covers both

Judging from the style, the image

was preserved in the Allahabad Library

up to December 1907 and perhaps originates from the Jamfdpur sit

A 11.— Torso (ht. 3' 3" or 0 m. 99) of a Buddha image standing in theattitude of imparting protection (Skr. ablmya-mvAru).
feetwith pedestal missing.

covers both shoulders,image i, that of th;isCarving defaced.

Head, hands andDrapery of the robe, whicharranged in schematic

Gupt.i period.

Itfolds.

was preservedTh:•<~tvlein th.-of theAllahabad

Library up to December 1907 and perhaps came from the Jamfdpur site.

A 12.— Low, r portion (ht. 2' 8" or 0 in. 825) of a standing Buddha
image.

Feet

fashion.

Itwithpedestal

was preservediu

missing.
theDrapery indicat.d in the usual

Allahabad Library up

1907 and perhaps originates from the Jaimlpur site.

toDecember

52

(

AlS.

— Torso

2'

(lit.

)

Buddha5" or 0 m.72) of astanding ia

M-atuett}the attitude of imparting protection (Skr. alhaya-mudrn).

Head, hand's

The robe which covers Loth shoulders is
On both sides of the figure remnants of an orna-and feet with pedestal missing.
schema tii 'ally

treated.

mental halo.

It

was preserved in the Allahabad Library up to December

1907 and was perhaps excavated on till' Jjiiulpur sit'.

A 14. — Image
on a throne

(lit.

3'

or lion-seatorm. 925) of a Buddha seated cross-legged

0

(Skr.

siihhni<ahis right hand raised ini),

The well-drapedrobe covers

and

Hi. adattitude of protection (Skr. ahh nj i.-mv.dia).

both shoulders.

Wheel

left

arm missing.

(Skr. chakra) andthree-jewel (Skr. tviratnx) symbols on the soles of both feet.

Lion on pro-

The image was pres-rval

per right side of pedestal missing.

the

in

the

Allahabad Library up to December 1907 and perhaps cam: originally fromthe Jamalpur site.

A15.

—Image(lit.

2' 8''or 0 m. 81) of a

Head and both arms broken.

Buddha seated

The right hand was probably

under the right arm.

of protection (Skr. abhuya-mudro), whilst thegarment.

cross-legged.

Eeinnant of a halo with scolloped border

The well-draped robe leaves

theraised in the attitude

left

right

held the hein of theshoulder bare.

Wheel(Skr. ch'ikro) and three-jewel (Skr. trirutnn) symbols on the sole of ea-hfoot.

The image was kept in the Allahabad Library up to December 1907

and was perhaps uneaithed on the Jam.llpur site.

Al 6. — Image
legged.

(ht.

2'

6"

or

Head and arms missing.

on the knee.

Bight shoulder bare.

0 m.
Tli

Buddha seatedcross-

hand is preserved andre-ts7G) of aleft

The drapery is

The lower garment is fastened

the left shoulder.

toslightly

the

loins

by moans

The right hand was perhaps raided to the levelof a double girdle.

shoulder in the attitude of protection (Skr. a^haya-'mudra).
(Skr. chak'i) and three-j -wel ('Skr. t fir at no) symbol-) aresoles of the feet.

indicated onof theThe wheelmarked on

found by Growse in one of the Chaubarfi mounds together with ancribed image,the

The image is perhaps identical with the mutilated figure(//id. Ant., Vol.

A17.— Statuetteins-

VI, p. 217.)

C

1'
(ht.
or 0 m.45) of a Buddha seated crossis
mimingThe
andboth arms are broken.
luad
legged.
Th? attitude
was probably that of imparting protection (Skr. ahh nj i-mudrn) expressedby thj right hand, still traceable, being raided toward, the shoulder, theopen palm turned outwards. The left hold-, the hem of the monk's robe
which covers both shoulders.
right shoulder.

The beginning of the halo is vi.ible near the

Find-place unknown.

(

oS

)

A 18.- Statuette (ht. 1' 11" or 0 m.204)ofa Buddha seated cross-logged
on a throne, on which is a wheel between two

liuiiscouehant with their

The head of the' Buddha figure with most of the ornamental nimbus is lost. The right hand, which is also missing, was raised

heads turned backin the attitude of imparting

The othersecurity (Skr. ahh r<y i-mudrO.)

The

hand holds th_- hem of the monk's robe which covers both shoulders.

mark.d with the wheel (Skr. chnkrn) and three-jewel (Skr.
Find-place unknown.
ti iratna)
symbols.

s ilesarc

A 19. — Statuette(ht. 1' or

m. 304) of a Buddha seated cross-0

legged in the attitude of meditation.

Head and right knee missing.
ing piece of stone.

The robe covers bothAt the sidj of the

left

knee

shoulders,is aproject-

The image was preserved at the Allahabad Library up

to December 1907 and perhaps originates from the Jamalpur site.

A 20.— Statuette (ht. 71" or 0 m. 19) of a Buddha (/) seated crosslegged inmeditation

on athronebetween two attendants.

front oftli3 ped.stal is a wheel placed between two

two lions couehant occupy thecorners.

at Jaunlpur 1 and was madj over

to

the

On

the

female figures;

seatedIt was found in clearing

a wellMuseum by Lietitenaut-Colonel

W. Yost, I. M.S.

A 21. — Statuette (ht. 1' oh" or 0 m. 444-) of a Buddha seated cross-legged
The head which

oa a cushion placed on a throne suppoited by standing lions.

was detached has been refixjd.
right handleft

was rais.din

The two arms are broken, but evidently thethe attitude of imparting protection, whilst theheld the hem of the garment, as appears from th:- drapery displayed overthe left knee.

The robe cover, both shoulders.

remnant of an ornamental

halo.

Over theleft

shoulder isa

In front of the throne between the

two lions is a relief representing a seated figurine with halo, presumably
a Bodhisattva, with four figures of devotees, two on each sid >, approaching

The figure on the proper left end is a woman.

Partof the pjeelestal with the lower portion of these five figures is defaced.

The

him withofferings.

scene on the front relief is evidently derived from similar devotional scenes

commonly found on the pedestals of the Buddha and Bodhisattva images
of Gaudhara. (Cf. A. S. R., 1903-04, pp. 235— 257 and plate LXVII.)On theproper left sidd are traces of an inscription.

I

found the statuette

set up near a shrine at Sitalfi-GhatI in Mathura city, where

worshipped, and purchased it for the Museum.
the Govern
1

efScers.

(PlateXYI.)

itwas being

On loan fromm nt of India.

The site of the hamlet of Jamiiipur is now used aa an encamping ground for

civil

54

('

)

BuddhaA 22.— Statuette (ht. 7" or 0 in. Iu5) of a1

gged on a throne supported by two

;

.seat

( )

d

cross-

In front of the throne

lions.

isafigurine with halo seated in the attitude of ni.'ditaiioii between two standing
figures.

(Cf.

above Xo. A 21.)

Find-place unknown.

A 23.— Fragment (length 1' 11" or 0 m. 5*4. with 1' 31" or 0 m. 304)
consisting of th.' left hand of a Buddha st.Utte of colossal

The

size.

of imparting M.vurity (Skr.

was evidently standing in the attitude

statueahltnyn-mudru), the left hand holding the h.'tn of the garm-nt. Symbol of wheel
Th: fragment must lie iden(Skr. ch'ili'u) partly vi-.il »L beneath drap;ry.
•tical withafoot acio-sthe palm, which mu4" the stone hand, measuring

have belonged to a statue not less than 20

to24 fe.t in height'

and which,according to Grows"-, was ex.wvat.'d trom th: Jamllpur (or Jail) mound in
18C0.

It waspreserved

Library till December

th: Allahabad

at

1907.

(JIutliuru p. 107.)

A 24. — Fragment (ht. 1' 5" or432) consisting of part of the

0 in.

right leg and a portion of the Lit foot of a eolos-al Buddha (?) figure seatedcross-legged.

The svmbol of th 3 wheel ('Skr. ch'ikru)

Drapery indicated.

The to.s are marked withpreserved on the -ele of the ioor.

is partl\'

different

symbol-;,i.

[eluding

fragment must be identical with that

the

same

statu'.

with theleft footresting

was found in the Chaubara mound C which alsoItyielded a colo -sal Buddha head
to

(Skr.

cross

right knee of a .squatted colossal drap.d figure,on til 3 calf of the leg.'"'fiveswuHk'). Thisd. 'seiibed by Cunningham
as "themyotic

the

(A.

8.

(A 23
/?.,

belt

'.)

Vol.

ved by Cunningham to belong

Ill,

IS;

p.

Mnthuriicf.

p.

124, wh:re the fragment is said to come from Chaubara mound B.)

A 25.— Fragment (ht.

1'

S''

robe.

<.r

0

m.

of a Buddha image
aim draped in a monk's

508)

shoulder andconsisting of a portion of the left

Find-place unknown.

A 20.— Bust (ht. 31"

or

0

m.

of a Buddha statuette

11)

clad

in

a

well-draped robe which cowl's both shoulders.

A 27. — Head (ht,sal size.

Nose broken.

shape of a snail .shell.

1'104?' or0 m.

Shaven he, id.

57) of a Buddha image of colos-IT^kn'eha distinctly marked in the

Cra't indicated by a circular hole between the eye-brows, evidently in: ant to contain a precious stone.

This h ad is no doubt

identical with '• the head of a cobasal figure of very Egyptiantures with a round hole in its for head, in which

other precious stone."It

was once

cast of fea-

setaruby orwas found by Mr. Growse in one of the Chaubara

mounds, the same which yielded thesteatite

Calcutta Museum and the railing pillar Xo. J 7,

reliccasket(Muthurd,

now inp. 123.)

the

55

(

A 28.— H;ad
Ushn'thci

432) of a Buddha image of colossal siz?.

1' 5" or 0 ra.

(lit.

)

distinct.

Forehead, no;:, chin

chin round and full.

Pupil? not indicated.

and oar? broken. Cheek-* andFind-phvo unknown.

A 29.— Head (ht. 1' i" or 0 m. 40 )) of a Buddha image- of colossal
Nose missing

size.

;

ears da mic od.

Protubcran?D of the skull

waves.

forehead (Skr.

iiny'i) hidi.-atid

H.iir arranged

usl:n'ih(Skr.

A 30.— Head (ht. V
size.

Nose broken.

light

side.

marked.

or

0 m.

Three moi'thcs,

Fiud-plaee unknown.

Buddha image of lifeHole mi prop .a'

of a

355;

3I.uk ondamag' d.

by a slightly raided di?\two over the ears and one behind the ushu'tsh".
2''

rows of M-hemaiicini)Forehead, chin and ear< damaged.

Hair arrangedinsdiomatie

Ushiy+hct

curls,

distinctly

The head was preserved at the Allahahul Library till D. ember

Perhaps from the Jamalpur sit?,

1907.

A 31.— Head (ht. V V or 0 m. 355) of a Buddha imago of life-siz?. withportions of the draped shoulders and of the plain halo,slut broken ; eyes

Xos? and ushnl-

Hair arrange! in schematic ouiKdamag.d.

wasItfound in clearing a well at the village of Jamilpur and niadj over to theMuseum by Lioutenant-Colonel W. Yost, I. M.S.
A 32. — Head (ht. V V or 0 m. 33) of a Buddha
image ofNose missing,life-siz?.

There arc traces

generally disintegrated.

aniirnCt.

On the

top behind themeant to receive iron clamps

Anyor Buddha image

orobvious

that

this

Bodhwittva

an??>// //"?•// a.

two

are

but

hoi.-?,

notofevidently

This h j al was found on the

had be'-n atf idled with mud planteritby the inhabitants of the village who usedhowever,ot

v.xhn'hlni

hooks.

which

to

or

and chin damaged and surface

cars

to

worship the image.

It

is,

head belongs to an image of much larger size

than that on which it was placed.

The head was acquired for the Museum

by Pandit Radha Krishna at the panic time with the' Buddha imago.

Onloan from the Government of India.

A 33.— Head (ht. 11" or 0 m. 25) of a Buddha (') image of life-siz-.
Nose, right eye andthe forehead.

It

ushnTjt i broken.

waspreserved

Hair indicated

by a

line

over

the Allahabad Library till Decemberat1907, and perhaps came originally from the Jamalpur site.

A 34.— Head (ht, 10" or 0 m. 253) of a Buddha
thanlife-size.

Unhnhha broken

a line over the forehead.

kept at;nose

image of bss

Hair indicated bydamaged.

Uiu'i Ixtweeii the('.)

eye-brows.

I lie head was

the Allahabad Library till December 1C07, and perhaps originatesfrom the Jamalpur sit

A 35.— Head (ht. 10

7

or 0 m. 254) of a

Back of head broken off: nose mi-dug.

Buddha (.

No

;

)

image oftrace of an Uiltn'sha.

life-size.

Vrn't

5G

(

marked between the eye-brows.

>

Hair arrangedin schematic curls.

It

was found in clearing a well at Janulpur and made over to the Museum
by Lieutenant-Colonel W. Yost, I. M.S.

A 36.— Head (ht, 10" or 0 in. 234) of a Buddha
Nose and ushmshi broken.

than life-siz?.

;

)

(

image

Ears damaged.

The head was preserved at th3 Allahabad Library

till

of

less

No iirna.

December 1907,

and was perhaps excavated on the Jamalpur site.

A 37— Head (ht. 11" or 0 m. 23) of a Buddha image of life-size.
brokenoff.

partly preserved.

It

Half of the face
Ushi'ishaisHair arranged

was keptatinconventionalcurls.

the Allahabad Library till

December 1107, and perhaps originates from the Jamfilpur site.

A 38.— Head (ht. 5J" or 0 m. 133) uf a Buddha figure.

Find-place

unknown.

A 3D.— Head (ht. 5 V'
Nose brokjn.
top.

m.

0

or

Hair arranged in

No tirnii.

Pupil inleft

14)
shart,

of a

small

Buddhaschematic curls.

eye inlicatod ;

right

eye,

Elongated ears, the lobes touching theslightly injured.

image.

(?)

Ushn'ishalips

onand chinshoulders;ears

broken.

A 40.— Statue (ht. 6' 7" or 2 m. including tenon) of a Bodhisattva
Head and arms

standing.

the

hip,

The

mis-iug.

where the stone is Woken.

except for a torque and

flat

left

hand probably

necklace.

A scarf thrown over the leftshoulder passes round the right leg beneath the knee.

legs

It was probably

The lower garment whichh fastened round the loins by means of a double flat belt,

held at the hip with the missing
covers therested on

The upper part of the body is nude,

left

hand.

the upper one being knotted over the right thigh.

It hasthe appearanceof a dhoti with its ample folds hanging down between the legs.
sides of thefeetlepresent thearetracesof a kneeling

donors of the statue.

figurine.

On bothThese presumably

The image shows a marked affinity

to the Bodhisattva of the third year of Kanimkaatexcavated by Mr. Ocrtel
Sarnath in March 1905 and to the one previously discovered by Cun-ningham at Saheth-Maheth, the site of the ancient city of Sravasti. (Cf.
A. S. R. fur 1904-05, pp. 7 8 ff., plate XXYI.) We may, therefore, assume
that the pose of the present Bodhisattva was the same, the right hand being
raised towards theright

Kushara period.

A comparison with the Bodhisattva statuette A 43 will

shoulder,show what the image was like whenplate XI D.)

and that the image belongs

entire.

to(Cf. ak> A. S. Jt., Vol.

the

Ill,

Find-place unknown.

A 41.— Life-size statue (ht. 4' 5" or 1 m. 342) of a standing Bodhisattva, of which the head and feet are broken off.

Near the right shoulder

57

(

are

tracesmissingof a circular halo)

The right arm iswith scolloped border.

the hand was probably raised to the level of the shoulder;of imparting

attitudeThe

protection.

left

in

hand rests on the hip.

tha

The

figure is clad in a thin upper garment, of which the drapery is indicated oil

thearm andleftandbreast,ina dhoti fastened to the loins by means

The dhotiof a flat girdle tied in a knot over the right thigh.

ample

in

folds

falls

down

The statue is of exactly the same typo

between the legs.

as the Bodhisatlva statues of Sarnfith

and Saheth-3Iaheth and, on that

account, may be attributed to the Kushaua period.
1 907 lying at the side of the kachch't, roadat

I found it in December

theof thefootM.nagarOn loan fromTlla close to the garden known as the Bangalanvfill Baghichl.

the Government of India

A 42. — This head, which was lying in front of a house on the top ofsame time as thebelongs to it.
The imagethe Henagar Tilft, was said to have been found atimage A 41, but

doubtful whetherisitrepresents a Bodhisattva, whereas
curls
is

and ushnishaof the

the

it

the

head withits

conventionalmust have belonged to a Buddha image.

Kushana period.

Right arm broken.

thepresumably

It has a plain halo with scolloped border,

an elaborate head-dress and the usual ornaments.
left

Its style

The nose and cars are broken.

A 43.— Statuette (ht. 1' 5" or 0 m. 43) of a Bodhisattva,
Maitreya.

littleIt wearsa scarf overshoulder and arm, and holds an ointment vessel between the fore-

finger and the middle finger of the left hand, the palm of theTheturned fore ward.

figureishand beingclad in a dholl fastened to the loins bymeans of a double flat girdle tied in a knot above the right thigh. The
statuette has a marked resemblance to the headless statues A 40 and 41,

The Bodhisattva type represented

and must belong to the Kushana period.
by these figures seems
Gandhara.

tobe derived from the Graeco- Buddhist art ofFind-place unknown.

A 44. — Fragment (ht. 1'

51-''(Plate

XV b.)or 0 m. 444, including tenon) of a standing

Bodhisattva (?) statuette of which only the lower half remains.
legs is a portion of the drapeiy of a dhoti.

Cf. Nos.

Between theA 40, 41 and 43. Tho

sculpture was preserved at the Allahabad Library till December 1907

perhaps originatesfrom the Jamfdpur

site.

I

found

it

and

broken in twopieces.

A 45.— Imagein theattitude(lit.

2' 2" or 0 m. G8) of a Bodhisattva seated cross-leggedofmeditation (Skr.

and right arm broken;

dhyana-mudrd).

Headmissing

the halo with scolloped border is partly preserved.

The soles of the feet are marked with the wheel andthree-jewel

symbols,

--.s

(

The

figure wear,athrown mvt th> left shoulder and arm, and as-\trfr7W», th = on ! tit' whidi is spiv.the

u—

/I-

)

1

1

out in front on the pedestal together with

We notice particularly thearms are decorated with proftis.0 ornaments.
broad necklace

The breast andwhich it i- fa-t?ned to the loins.

of rh ? cord with

with buckles in the shape of animal-heads and thela-toii.'duud :v the right arm which are commonly foundBjdhisattvas of Gandlnra
The bracelets on the upp?r arms are

string of amulet-holders 1

on th jwe ob.erve a human figure riding on
a convention d biid, probably a Garuda or a peacock.
The spread-out tailembellished with plaque- on whi-hof tli j bird form-, a- it were, an ornamental halo round the rider.

The image

was found inside a well near the village ot Gaue-ui five miles from Mathuraon the Govardhan road and was pi iced in the Museum in 1005. (Plate X.)

On loan from the Govemin -nt ot India.

A 40. — Torso die. 2' 2" or 0 m. (30) of a male figure of colossal siV,
p.-rhaps a Budhisattva, proiu-dy adorned with various ornaments.

Over

a strine' of bead- and two flat tonaie* a hea\ v beaded necklace hangs down

between the biea-ts.

makara In ads.
of LiandharaThis necklacei-very curiously decorated with four

These are evidently copied from the Bodhisatha figures

war necklaces

which generallyof animal head-.

with cla-ps in theshape

But in the present instance the meaning of this ornament

seems tu have been misunderstood.

In the centre of the chest we notice a

di-k with nine ta— ids attached to a thin cord which passes round the neck.

To another cord, pa-sing undtr

the right arm, lour amuletdiolders areattached, such as are peculiar to the Bodhisattva figure.- of Gandhara.

PanditFinally we notice the kng locks falling down on both shoulders.
Kadha Kn-lma obtained thi- torso for the Museum at the same time withthe - at d Buddha image Ao \s hir-h had been placed at the entrance of theDamdama.-orJam;dpur

Sarai.

Thereisrea-on to suppose that both

ulptur.s oiigiuatJ Irom the neighbouring Buddhist site, now occupied by

the Collector's Court House.

A 47. — Fragmuit
portion2'(lit.

of a B<»dhi-attvaol" or 0 m. 745) consisting

figuremental stool of wickoiwork,-rated in

The sandaledstool, on which the ulnr empty sandal lies.

niu-t have been drawnof theleft footisplaced on a foot-The right leg, now

1missing,

up in the' attitude peculiar to Bodhi-attui images of

the Gra«.co-Buddhi-t -choi4(Cf. A.S.R., 1000-04, p. 234. plateand 1000-7, p

lower

European fashion on an orna-

LXYIII c131. plate LI16).

lie Iiiubli Jlu-cr.ni contains a inuilai amulet-holiler cf geldnet«ith jewels which

was uiscu\eredl y iir. \V. ^icison lu the Alan-l'Csh Stupa rear Jftlalatatl. Cf Froc. A. S. S.
e.m.1 A, cln color: tu, Yd. L\ III tK02), p. 2C1 and plate 10.
fcr
p. T7-7!', c: U 112
11',]

Plate X.

59(*A 4S. — Pedestal

3V' or 0 m. 30 including the square tenon) of

1'('lit.

)

a standing Puddha (') hinge of which only the bare feet ivmain.

Outsidethe feet are kneeling figurines of which the upper portions are lost.

These

two figures, mal: and female, probably represent the donors

image.

The

of

the

front of tin pedestal has an inscription in four lines, first decipheredby Professor J. Duwsju and re-edited by Dr.

F.

J.

who gives the

Fleet,

following transcript and translation :—S'lilvji) dsara-s i'e

1.

p nhiha-stris (trim^)-ottar:dame 135, Pashya-'Htuse dica-ie vt[ih] : [e] di 20.

'

yxm vih<ira-svil'<niny[<~i~\punyam tad bhiv'tu miitd-(r,n,[.?]

V.t

Yad

(Devatu y'ih)

Deviayn

2.

Diy

ntra

pltroh sarvva-sot [t*]vCinan cha anidtaro-jw'inaptoye.

Saubliogyum

o.

guharadpratlrTtpatu

sap:dna-kshciy<'hkirttisinmanlo vilhavtibhava [§*] sukha-phulu nirvvniiam athte sivom
Afstabdhunl bhacanti dana-nlratau chittam niyojyaikxdd

4.

— <j-?itarana<J ^dhiylm

^

^yam.

" In a century of years increased by the thirty-fifth [year], [or in figures]

135

in the month Pushya ; on the twentieth:day

This is the appropriate religious gift of the20.

ever l'jligious merit [there is] in this

act,

let

it

[or infigures]1

Devat'i.

abbess

the

day

What-

be for the acquisitionofsupreme knowledge by [her] parents and by all sentient beings.
Good fortune the condition of being a model [worthy of imitation],;abounding in virtuous qualities
religion];riches abounding in

;

fame

;

the destruction of the enemies

prosperity[and] finally, an auspicious nirvfiiia;

births that

resultinhappiness;[all these] are not permanent (?);

once fixed the thoughts upon the happiness of making gifts[of;having";

The date of this inscription, if referred to the Gupta era, corresponds to
A.D. 454-5. The pedestal was found in the Jainfilpur (or Jail) moundprobably in the course of the excavations carried on by Mr. Hardinge inremoved presumably first to Agra and then to Allahabad
where Dr. Fleet examined it in " the Government Museum " shortly before
It was

1S77-8.

I found it in1888.

December 1907

1904 in the Allahabad Public Library and arranged inreturnfor its

to Mathura together with the othersculp-

tures from this place.
(Cf.

Dowson, J. X. A.

8.,

X. S„ Vol. V, p. 184, No. 8

A. S. R., Vol. Ill, p. 36; plate XVI,Ill, pp. 262-263, no.
1

I

do

not quite

63;\ lateno.

;

Cunningham,

22; Corpus laser. lad., Vol.

XXXIX A.)agrje with Dr.

Fleet regaidittg the interpretation

of

tlio

word

" rilidra -itamihl" which I believe to mean "an abbess or female superior of a nunnery '' andtonot "the wife of a Yibar snamin." Ihe latter i^as no doubt a Ihilshu and as such had
take the vow of celibacy.

—

GO

(

*

A 40.— Fragment (ht.

.5")

m. 127

or 0

;

width

31"

1'

or 0 m.

393)

apparently belonging toa seated

Buddha imago.

ot the robe is preserved.

Tlu

surface beneath the drapery is inscribedtint

Only some drapery

with a fragmentary inscription in one line of which the b. ginning and concluding

portions are lost.

It reads

shkasi/<iriijya-sahvatxare

28'

In the 2>>th year ot the reign ofhemanta 3 dishka, in the third
month of winter, on the... day...." It was discovered by Mr. Growse in the
courtyard of the Magistrate's Court House and had probably been brought
to lig'ht in 1SG0 when the foundations of this building were laid.
Growsepresumed that the name of the king is to be restored as that of Kanishka.
.

Professor Liiders, however, has pointed out that the stroke preceding thesyllablebhka is in favour of the rcsroration Hu>Jilvsyu.

Matliura (2nd ed.), p. 1UG, with platewith plate

;

;

(Cf.

GrowseInch Ant., Vol. VI, p. 217, no. 1

and Liiders, Ind. Ant., Vol. XXXIII, pp. 38-39, no. 8).

*A 50.— Pedestal (ht. 1' or 0 m. 314} of a seated Buddha (!) image of
which only theleft foot,marked with the wheel symbol, together with thepreserved.

On this drapery we notice twotassels apparently belonging to a girdle.

In the centre ot the pedestal is adrapery beneath thewheel placed on alegs

pillaris

between two standing figures of worshippers,

apparently each carrying a garland and a bunch of flowers.
left

end is a lion turned outward

is lost.

;On tho proper

the corresjonding lion figure to the rightOn the upper and lower rims of the pedestal is a mostly defaced

inscription in two lines which I read:iliWH*]

2[pra]t[i]m[<~<] 2{r]atish[ihu]pit[0]PanditPadha Krishna

obtained this inscribed fragment from thevillage of Xaugava, 4} miles west of the City south of the Govardhan road.

On loan from the Government of India.

A 51. — Pedestal (ht. 11" or 0 m. 28, including tenon) of a standing
Buddha (!) image of which only the bare feet remain standing on a kind ofcushion, perhaps meant for a lotus-flower.

lower portion

image.

of a

At the light foot

there

is

the

miniature kneeling figure, pro L ably the donor of theIt was preserved

atthe Allahabad Libiaiy

till

December 1907

and perhaps came originally from the Jamalpur site.

A 52. — Petlestal (ht. V 10'' or 0 m. 557, including square tenon) of astanding Podhisattva (?) image of -which

only the bare feet remain.

Oneach side a kneeling figurine, presumably a human devotee, can be traced.

The fragment was brought
bungalow,tothe

Its find-place is unknown,

Uuseuru fiom the Joint Magistrate's

61

(

)

A 53.— Fragment (lit. 1' 2" or 0 m. 355, including square tenon) ofa standing Bodhisattva

image,(?)

ofwhich only the bare feet remain.

Between thefeet is alotus-flower.

At tli 3 sides of the image ar3 tv.n figurine*, male and female,cluster of lotus-buds (surmounted

by a full-blown

both standing and holding a wreath in their right and some, other offering

These figures probably represent the donors of thein their left hands.

image.

It was brought to the Museum from bungalow

ments.

Its find-place

A 54. — Fragment
standingis

V 5" or 0 m. 431, including square tenon) of a(lit.

Bodhisattva

no. 14 in Canton-

unknown.

(?)

iinag>,

ofwhich

Between the feet is a cluster of lotus-buds.
from the same bungalow as A 53.

only theItbareremain.

feet

was br tight to the Museum
5-

Its find-place isunknown.

A 55. — Fragment (ht. V 3 " or 0 m. 38, including tenon) of a standing
Bodhisattva Q) of which only the bare feet remain.

Between the feetprojection -which perhaps was part of the dhoti.

To the proper right is afigurine of a male devotee, to the left a woman and afigures, which areaThese three

mum defaced, peobably represent the donors of the image.

The sculpture was brought to the Museum fromA 53.

child.

isthesame bungalowasIts find-place is unknown.

*A 5G. — Fragment (lit. 10" or 0 m. 255)
Bodhisattva

?

(

)

of a

the pedestal are traces of two lines of an

standing

pedestal of aOn the front

image of whieh only one foot rem tins.
inscriptioninBrahmlofof theKushana type.

A 57. — Bust

(lit.

61" or 0 m. 105) of a Bodhisattva (') figure wearing

a torque andflat

A 42 and 43.

The fragment was beought to the Museum from the Joint

necklace

Magistrate's bungalow.

A 58. — Fragment

similartotli.itof the Bodhisattva

;

(

)

imagesIts find-place is unknown.

orO m. 223) carved with drapery, probably
belonging to a Buddha image. Find-plac unknown.
8^''

(lit.

•

A 59.—'Fragment (ht. Ill'' or 0 m. 292) carved with drapery, probably
belonging to a Bodhisattva image.

A 60.— Statuette(lit.

6]-" or 0

Find-place unknown.

m. 163) of a Buddha seated cross-legged

on a lion-throne in the attitude of meditation.

Four miniature figures

are to his light, one of whieh is a chowrie carrier.

The other side is broken.
The sculpture which is much worn was obtained by Pandit Radha Krishnafrom a weaver in the City.

O.i loan from the Government of India

A 61.— Bas-relief (ht. 121'' or 0 m. 321) representing

a Bodhisattva,

perhaps Maitreya, seated cross-legged on a throne decorated with a wdieel

and two lions.

He raises his right hand to the shoulder and holds a vessel

G2(

On each side stands onin his left hand.

sculpture

)

whi:h

is

mu:h

d?fa?edattendant chowrio-eamer.

The

was purchased from a Cham'n'

who

On loan from the Government of India.

worshipped it as Buudcla Babii.

A 02.— Life-siz? statue (hi. C *V or 2 m. 04, including tenon) of a
Head and arms missing pedestal defaced. B.'twecn
The stylo of the image which mustthe feet is a cluster of lotus-flWcrs.
belong to the Kushana period is the sain? as that of A 40. It was foundBodhi-iattva standing.

;in two pieces at the Bharatpur Gate, thj larger iragmeut being used as a

On loanwheelsruard, and taken to the Museum in December 1008.

fromthe Government of India.

*A G3. — Life-size statue (height G' 4" or 1 m. 02G, including tenon) of a
It is broken in two
the head and right arm are
The right hand was mo-t probably rais ed to th3 shoulder, the attitude

Bodhisattva standing.
lost.

;

of the image being the same as that of the Bodhisattva statue

Sarnath.

of

The tlre^s also is similar. It consists of a dh'd'k fastened to the loins bymeans of a flat girdle and an upper garment thrown over the left arm andshoulder. The front of the pedestal is cut off with part cf the feet. Between
the feet we notice a cluster of lotus-buds.

fragmentary

inscriptionof one line

On the top of the pedestal is awhichreads:

SithVta[m] Mahn-

rajaxya Devaputrasyt Havixhknsya *a[m] 3-7 hernata"Success!

The imageIn the year 35 of the King, His 3iaje-ty, Huvishka
was acquired by Pandit Radha Krishna from L'lkhanu, Hathras parganu,

On loan from the Government of India.

Allgavh district.

*A 04.— Fragment (lit. V 2 V' or 0 in. 80S; of th« p --dotal
Buddhaof which only the kgs areof a seatedpreserved withindication of

the clothing and legs of attendant standing behind left knee.

On the front

figureof the pede-tal is a relief similar to that on Xo.

A 50 representing a dwarf

and a worshipping figure standing onpillar with wheel (?) in the centre,

each side, that to the proper left a female holding a garland in her righthand, whilst of the other, male (?) figure only the h 'ad and loft arm remain.

There is a lion rampant on thepr.ip.~r

Mt end.

fragmentary inscription, apparently consistingTh

pedestalbears aot four lines, of which two

are placed above and two beneath the front-relief.
It

reads (1)2)a*i?[_/']>'a«[e] JO c'n[yya] C2;
m.rvn you].
[L
d vadhu[ye] Dccarakshi. (o)[8arvu-]i"tva-h>(4; [ta*ukh'oj «].

The character is Brahml of theKudiaua

period.

acquired from the Dhun^arpiru Quart er in Mathura
the Government of India.

Th
city,

'

fragment was

On

loan

from

63

(

)

*A 05. — Statucttj (ht. 1' 2" or 0 in.

355) of a Buddha seated cross-legged with his right hand raided in tin attitude of impartingwhil st the(Skr. abhay.t-mud.'d),covers both shoulders.
halo

is

broken.

Tli

•

holds

left

the

protection

hem of the rote which

drap.TV is indicated in a schematic manner. The

On the front of tin pedis: x\ is a bas-relief representing a

Buddha seated in the attitude of meditation between two devotees standingat his sides.

of theBoth ends are occupied by lion ligures.

Buddha andof thepjdestalclumsy.

is

The workmanship, both
There

is

an

indistinct

inscription of two lims cut on the raised rims above and beneath the basrelief.

On loan from the Government of India.

It is dated Sa 51 g[ri] 3,

The sculpture was discovered by Pandit Radlia Krishna at Anyor near
Govardhan, whrre it was being worshipped as the Goddess Durga by the
who inhabit the vi'lage.
Malkhana Thakurs (Moslims'.)*A CG. — Fragment

V or 0 m. 305) of a seated Bodhisattva (?)(ht.

image of which only the left leg, right foot and left hand remain, together
with the left leg of an attendant standing on his left side and part of thepedestal.
it

It

From the little that remains of the image we may conjecture thatwas similar in attitude and stylecertainly

used in the inscription,
facets,

the

to

the

belongs to the same period,

side

ones

Anyor Bodhisattva (So.
as

A 1).

appears from the character

The front of the pedestal was evidently cut in threemeasuring3''

iu

width and receding 1".

central facet is carved with a female figure standing turned

to

The

the proper

right and raising both hands to the forehead in token of respectful salutation.

From the position of this figure
surmise that the centreof—apparently a female devotee — we may

the pedestal was

oeciqiied

by a Buddha or

The corner of the rim over the central part of the front
The inscription in Kushanastanding winged lion.
byafa^o is supported
Bodhisattva figure.

Brahnu is cut on the two rims (1st) above, and (2nd) beneath the bas-relief,(3rd) on the rim and (4th) on the facet under the attendant. It reads:[iq)a?i]kaye Namduye kshatrapa sa[Bojdhisat [va] visa

(2)
(3)

— ta[re].

savasatdnuih hitasu[Icha]rtha[>h].

(i) 8avost!u[*va] diydnam par!grlfa>.

The inscription is too fragmentary to allow of a consecutive translation
It seems that the donor of the image was a femaleof it being given.
relative of a satrap,

We further find the usual formulaof the welfare and happinessof allsentient beings.":" For the sake

Finally the imageissaid to be an object of homage (pari/ji iha) of the Sarvfisfcivadins, if at least

we may assume that this is meant by the expression sdvciBthidiydnam.

64

(

)

The fragment was obtained by Pandit Radha Krishna from a shrine
known as Galatesvar Mahadov Math near the Katra where it was inserted
It is said to have been unearthed

in a wall.

neighbourhood.

A 67.

from a small moundin theOn loan from the Government of India.

Life-size image (ht. 5' 11" or 1 m. SO including tenon) of aBo-dhisattva standing. Head, right shoulder and arm and left hand missing and

The right hand was probably raisedcarving generally obliterated.

shoulder and the left handeither rested on the hip or held

to thean alabastron.

The figure wears a dliud fastened with a girdle, and an upper garment
hanging down from the left shoulder. The upper jart of the tcdy is decorated with several necklaces and other ornaments similar to
torso

A 4G.

those of the

Between the feet we notice a clui-ter of lotus-hues and nest

to the left foot a female figurine standing to front and holding in her righthand a garland as an offering, whilst the left hand is jlactd on the hip.
Of a corresponding figure standing on the proper light side of the image,
only the feet are left.

Those two figurines presumably represent the donorsof the statue.

The imago which must belong

to the Kushana

period wasfound byPandit Radha Krishna at the Kaiikor Tlla near the village of Jaisinghpura

3 miles north of Mathura, westof the road to Brindaban.

worshipped as the guarelian-god of the village.

It was being

On loan from the Govern-

ment of India.

A 68.
to judge

Statuette (ht. 2' or 0 m. 61) of a Bodhisattva, probably Maitreya,

from the alabastron or ointment vessel in his

right arm and part of the halo are missing, also

left

the feet with

hand.

The

the pedestal.

The halo shows traces of a zigzag border. The hair is arranged in curls
The figure is dressed in a long robe which leaves
schematically treated.
the right breast and shoulder bare.

A loose upper garment hangs downfrom the left shoulder and from the left hand. The Bodhisattva wears earpendants, a flat torque and neckl ace, and two bracelets round the left arm.

The present figure is in somerespects similar to theMaitreya statuette

No. A 43, but is decidedly superior artistically. This is particularly noticeable in the position of the legs and in the treatment of the hand with the
The statuette is carved in the round which is another indicaalabastron.
tion of its early date.
period.

It

Gate of the city.

A 69.

Image (ht.

monk's robe, much worn.

mound.

may be safely

assigned to the early

Kushanafrom the Shsih-garj mound near the Brindaban
On loan from the Government of India.

It was obtained

2' 5" or

0 m. 736)

of a seated Buddha clad inaObtained from a bagh'icha opposite the Bhutesar

On loan from the Government of India.

(

A 70.

Head (hfc.

')

7" or 0 m. 179) of a Buddha image with iirna andFrom Chiimunda Math
Azampur Sarai, 3 miles from Mathura on the Delhi road. On loan

pronounced ushnlsha.
at65Hair arranged incurls.

from the Government of India.

*A71.

Fragment (lit. 9" or 0 m. 228) consisting of a pedestal withthe lower portion of a Buddha

drapery on right leg.
defaced,figureIndication

The face of the pedestal is carved with a r elief,-consisting of two seated lions which occupy the corners

human figurines, probably worshippers,
pillar (?)

seated cross-legged.

Onofpartlyand twostanding on both sides of a wheel-

the rim above there is aa inscription in one line which com-mences with the name of Huvishka and appears to be dated in the year 31.

The sculpture was acquired from the mound of Rfil-Bhadar, 8 miles northwest of Mathura.

On loan from the Government of India.

0(3

(

)

B. JlN'A OR TlRTHAMKAEA

B 1. — Imago (ht. 4' 7£" orcross-legged in103) of a Jina of colossal

in.

1

IMAGES.
size

seatedmeditation (Skr. dkyana-raudrn) withThe lower portion of both arms is broken

the attitudeofboth hands resting in the lap.

as is also the upper portion of the elaborate halo, decorat.d with concentric

The nose is broken th_> lips and elongated ears
The hair is arranged in short schematic curls turned

bands of various design.
are slightly
tothechest.

injured.

Thereright.

The palms

is

;

the

and

of the hands

the symbol of the wheel.

symbol in their'ivatsa

soles of thefeetcentre
are

of

th.3

marked with

The image probably belongs to the Gupta period

on account of its ornamental halo and the treatment of the hair. Find-place

unknown.

*B 2. — Image (ht. 3' 3|" or 1 m.) of a Jina seated cross-legged inmeditation (Skr. dhyana-mud i'o').
Head and left arm missing, Sr'tvatsa
symbol in centre ot chest and symbols in the palms of the hands and on theBelief on front of pedestal

soles of the feet.

lines on rim over front relief.

defaced.

Inscription

It was first published byProfessor

intwo

Dowson,corrected by Cunningham and re-edited by Professor Luders who reads:

Siddham Mahurdjasya Vu.sudevasya sam S3 gri. 2 dl. 16 etasyn
purvvaye Senasya
1.

vadhuye Vyn,chasya
Kutumbiniye Jinadusiya pratima dhar[rma]dunam.
2.

" Success !
of]Dattirsya[dhi]tw

,

.

.

.

ga.ndhikcsya

In the year 83 of Maharaja Vasudeva, in the second [monthsummer, on the 16th day, on that [date specified as] above, an image,the pious gift of JinadasI, thedaughter

Datta, the wife of the perfumer Vya.

of Sena, the

cha

.

.

.

daughter-in-lawof."

The image was presjrved at the Allahabad Public Library till December 1907 and perhaps originates from tho Kankfill Tlla.
(Dowson, J. R. A. 8. N. S., Vol. V, p. 184, No. G Cunningham, A. S. R.,;

Vol. Ill, p.- 34, No.

16: Biihkr V, 0.

J.,

Vol. IV, p. 324; Luders, hid.

Ant. Vol. XXXIII, p. 107, No. 21.)*B 3.

—Imagein meditation.

chest(ht. 2'8}" or 0 m.

82)

Head and left arm missing,of aJina sjated cross-legged

Hr'tvatsa symbol in centre ofand symbols on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

on front of pedestal

defacjd.

rim over front relief.

It

25 [etaye purvvaye]

summer, on the 25th day

Fragmentary inscription

was read by Cunningham" In tlu year 83, in
"

:

the

on

Sam. 83. gri. 2,
second [monthof]

The dale proves thatmade in the reign of the Kushanaking Vasudeva.

Belief
line

in

the

one

di.

image wasCf. above sub B.2.

Plate XI.

\<>.

I

RTI IAMKAR A StATI'KTTI:

I),

FROM

4

1

;

Ht.

2'

10".

>ALI!I AI >AKI

Kl XI);

KlMlA.NA PERIOD.

07

(

Io was preserved at tlrj All t'u ibal)

PublicLibrary and cam3 perhaps

originally from the Kaiikfdl Tlla.

(Cuuaiughain, A. ,S'. E,, Vol. Ill, p. 34, No. 17.)

*B 4.— Image (he. 2' 10" or 0 m, 89) of the Jina Adimttha or
bha-n-itha

seatedcross-legged

meditation.

inHalo with scolloped border partly preserved.
of ehe^t, and

The

feet.

Risha-

Head and arms missing.

fer'tvaJsa

symbol in centra

wheel symbols on the palms of the hands and soles of theiv lief on

the front face of the pedestal represents a wheel of thelaw (Skr. dharma-elmkra) placed on aisbeing worshippedby ten human devotees, both male and female, of whom

two are kneelingat thefoot of theflowersasand others foldingIt

are standing,whilst the others

pillar,offerings

pillar.

theirsome carrying

hands in the attitude of

The two ends of the relief are occupied by lions standing.
The sculpture was carved in the reign of the Kushana king Vasudeva,

adoration.

as appears from the inscription of three lines,

the front relief.

It reads

two above and one beneath:

Devaputrasya|S/i<«Ai] V [d~\sv,devasyt.<, rujya-sa\ih\vatsare 84 grishmamase d.vi 21.

2.

Siddlui[m]Mah~cr[a]jLis7/a r[<yu]tlr[a]jasya

di 5 etasya pur[ut~/]yttm Bhatadatti'sya Ugabhiaalcasya vadhiie

sya kutublnie.
3.

Bhagavato Arhato Rishahh'-isya pratim'i pratislithapita l)ha-rasahasya kutub[i]nle"Success!

— mi —gidta'Kumara\cl>x\ttasya nirvarttana.

In the reign of the king, th : king of kings,[Shiihi] Vasudeva, in th? year 81.

on that [date specified] above,the 2nd•His Majesty

month of summer, the 5th clay,
thedaughter-of theLord thethe wife ofin-law of Bhatadatta U^abhinaka has erectedanlinageArhafc Rishabha at the request of Kuinarada tta.

November 1903 by Pandit Radha
Krishna on the bank of the Balabhadra Kund. where it was being used
as a grinding stone.
He subsequently secured it for the Museum. (Plate
This image was discovered in

XL

Cf.

A. S. B. N\ H., Vol. V., p. G, no. VIII).

On loan fromtheGovernment of India.

*B 5. — Image (lit. 2' 7i" or 0 m. 77) of a Jina seatedmeditation(Skr. dhyliii-mulr'i).

otherwise dxmagad.

cross-legged in

Hiad and arms broken;

Symbol ofwli3 3l on th? palmsofsculpture

the hands

andOa front of th) pjd.'stal is a relief representing a wheel
placed on a trident which is being worshipped by six monks ({), ot whom

solos of the feet.

thetwo nearestitsides a lion couchantarekneeling,

while the others are standing.

with head turned outward.

At theOn the pedestal there

68

{

)

an inscription, considerably mutilated, which consists of two lines (2' 2"Some more letters arein length), one over and the other under the relief.

istraceable beneath the second line.

The inscription was hist edited by Cunningham and subsequently by
Cunningham's facsimile proves that some letters have disappeared
Biihler.
since its discovery.

Tho-so I have placed between round brackets.

1.

Suva (90 va.)2.

Ko[(tiyoto][Ku}tu[th]ban\e D(i)na$ya vadhiiya[Pa]ca[ha)l;ato

ga(n~i)to

iuhhu(to) sanikaya Bhatibidda (tha)bhaui
3.

IculCtto—

Majhamatoye d[a]na[rii].

According to Cunningham(.4. S. It, Vol. Ill, p.

.

found in the KahkSli TIlS.

this image was33, No. 19

Buhhr, Ep. Ini., Vol. II, p. 205, No. 22.):

B 6.— Image (ht. 3' 5" or 1 m. 04) of a Jina seated cross-legged in theattitudeof meditation

Headdhy'nu-mudra).

(Skr.

mental halo and locks partlyOn

preserved.

Orna-each side stands

a maleThe sculpture is perhaps

right hand.

attendant, holding a fly-wisk in his

missing.

identical with " the life-size s?ated figure with an elaborately carved nimbus

and long hair flowing over the shoulders and down the back " excavatedby Mr. Grow=e from the Kahkall Tlla (Mathuru, p. 117).

B 7. — Statuette (ht. 2' 5" or 0 m.
in meditation

737) of a Jina seated cross-legged

on a cushion which is placed on a throne (Skr. sirhh'isana)

supported by apair

figurines of meditating

In theof lions.

centreisawheel between two

The head of the main

Jinas, both defaced.

figureis missing, but the long straight hair is still visible on both shoulders.

attendant chowrie-bearer stands

one is missing.

on a lotus-flower on each side

;

the

An
left

Find-place unknown.

B 8. — Image (ht. 2' 5" or 1 m. 04) of a Jina
meditation (Skr.

legged in the attitute of(?)

image seateddhy'ma-mudra).

cross-

Find-place

unknown.

B 9.— Torso (ht V 10V' or 0 m. 50) of a Jina (?) image

seated cross-dhydna-mudra).

Find-place

legged in the attitude of meditation(Skr.

unknown.

B 10. —Lower portion(ht. 1'3" or 0 rn.

39) of the figure of a Jina

seated cross-legged in the attitude of meditation.

Brought from the Joint

Magistrate's bungalow.

B 11. — Image (ht. 2' 6" or 0 m. 74)

of a Jina seatedin the attitude of meditation.

Head missing.

the hands and on thetheunknown.

soles

of

feet.

cross-legged

Symbol in the palms ofPedestal defaced.

Find-place,

—

69

(

)

B 12. —Image (ht. 1' 11" or 0 m. 584) of a Jina seated cross-legged
Head missing. On front ofdhyana-mudru).

in meditation (Skr.

pedestal a devotional scene, a wheel placed on a pillar, worshipped by three

On bothmen, four women and a child.

ends a lion to front.

Find-place

unknown.

B 13. — Image (ht. 1' 7i" or 0 m. 495) of a Jina
Headin meditation (Skr. dhyuna-mudril).

seated cross-leggedArmsmissing.

broken.

Onfront of pedestal a relief, much defaced, representing a wheel being worship-

ped by maleand female devotees.

On each end a lion to front

that to;Over relief traces of an insaii tiou. Tho image
probably belongs to the Kushana poiiod. Find-place unknown.
*B 14. Fragment (ht. 7" or 0 m. IS) of a statuette of a Jina (?)
the proper left broken.

—

seated cross-legged in the attitude cf meditation(Skr.

d hyuna-mudru).

on a throne (Skr. simhnsana), sujpoited \ y two lurs stfndirg to bent.

Between these
with

three

lions

figuresa devotional scene rejre c.«rtirg a wretl cn

human worshijpus

of

this an inscription in

one line 6|" Icrg.

and re-edited by Professor Liiders

a

pilar

ttardirg cn cr.ch fide.

Over

It was \ ullifhcd 1 y Sir.

n ho reads:

Datta-sishyasya Sihasya ni[vartana]

Siddhcnh" SuccessGrcwseVachakatya[At the request]

1of the preacher Siha (Skr. Sirhha) the jupil of Datta

The remaining portion was evidently on the lower lim
There are also a few

Onperiod.

It

Pt.

I., p.

left

of

side

broken.

the pedestal.

assigned to the later

was found at the Kankali Tila.

(Growse, Mathu.ru

118; Ind. Ant., Vol,

(1878)

on tho piopcr

is

to he

palseographical grounds

Kushanap.

letterswhich

the sculptureVI.,

119; platep.

is219, No. 8;

J. A. S B.,Vol.

XL VII,XX [inscription erroneously described as thatof No. B 15] Biihler, Ep. Ind., Vol. I., p. 383, note GO;

Ltiders, Ind. Ant.

Vol. XXXIII, p. 154, No. 33).

*B 15.— Statuette (ht. 1' 7" or 0 m. 482) of a Jina seated cross-leggedin the attitude of meditation. (Skr. dhydna-mndra )The head is lost,
but remnants of a radiating halo are still extant. An attendant on eachside ; but

one to thebroke n.
The one to the right stands in thenamobkara) and wears a snake-hood, showing

leftattitude of adoration (Skr.

On the front of the base is a relief representing eight
human worshi ppers including three women and two children, standing
him
in

to be

a NSga.

the attitude of adoration on both sides of a wheel placed on a

Similar devotional scenes are commonly found on theimages.

Onboth sides

basesof the relief are defaced lions.

ofpillar.

Gandhara

On the pedestal

over the relief is an inscription in two line?, each 7" in length, which was
firste dited by Grcwse and re-edited by Biihler.

It reads

:

—

70

(

)

1.

Samvcitsare saptapaTielu'fe 57 lie rinanta-tti(tri)t%2.

ye divnse trayoduifi sya p or way am—" In the fifty-seventh (57th) year, in the third month of winter,thhtccnth day;

Professor Liiders refers this date to the Kushana

characterof theitI

feelon the"on that [date .specified as] aboveera;

but on account

inclined to refer it to the Gupta era, in which casewould correspond to A.D. 370-7.
Evidently this sculpture j, the same as " the broken Jaina figure nakedwith an Indo-Scythian inscription dated in the year 57, both in words andin figures ''; which was obtained by Cunningham from the Sltala-ghfitl moundon the bank of the Jamna and placed by Growse in the local museum.
But Growse says that it had been built, up into a mud wall in tie

Mauoharpur Quarter of the city and that his attention was first called(Cunningham, A. S. R., Yol. XX, p. 86;
to it by General Cunningham.
Growse, lad. Ant., Vol. VI., p. 218, No. 5, and plate Biihler, Ep. hid.,;Vol. II., p. 210, No. 38 and plate.)

B 1G.— Statuettecross-legged in(ht. 1'41" or 0 m.

41S)

of a

Ththarhkara seatedthe attitude of meditation on a throne supported by a pairof lions.

Between these lions arc four figures, mostly defaced, worshippinga wheel.

The main figure has a circular halo with scolloped border roundThe soles of

the head, and the ir'wtm symbol in the centre of the chest.

On each side stands an attendantthe feet also are marked with symbols.
figure, with an elaborate head-dress.

It

was purchased by Pandit Radha Kiishna from a Khattri, Girdhar

Lai by name, who is said to have found it in the Jamna near tho Gokaran

On loan from the Government of India.

Mahiklev Temple.

*B 17.

— Statuette(ht.

10' or0

legged in the attitude of meditation.

supported by two lions.

overreliefthisda sa ...

.

*B 18.
inthe

Between these lions are two male and two femaleisOn the rim

placed on a pillar.

an inscription in one line,

8"

long,

reads ...

It

jn

.

W- [Dhajmcn^i] trusa vadh[fiye].

— Statuetteattitudesupportedisseated cross-(Skr. dh ydna-mudra) on a throne

worshipping a wheel which

figurinesof a Jina (?)

255)

in.

(ht.

10" or 0 m, 255) of a Jina seated cross-leggedof meditation.

by twolions.

CSkr.

Betweendhyana-mudrd) on

these

female figurines worshipping a wheel whichisplacedonathe lim over this relief is an inscription in one Hue, Gh" long.

Koijikato ganuto Vachhzliknto Icvlalo vadhagana, out of the Vachchhaliya kula.

athroneare two male and two

lions

.

jiillar.

It''Out of the
"

reads

On
:

KotiyaThe inscription

h

(

n

)

was evidently continued on the lower rim which

defaced.

is

shows

It

There
Kushana period l
The
image
was
side
of
proper
left
lion.
more
letters
on
the
the
some
arc
the statuette to be Jaina and to belong tothefound at the MatI Math inside the Holi

(or

it

was being worshipped.

It

was obtained.

Hardinge)

where

Gate,

Museum by Pandit

the

fur

Kadha Krishna On loan from the Government uf India.
B 19. Image (ht. 2' 2" or 0 m. CG) of a Jina J seated cross-legged in theattitude of meditation. (Skr. dkynna-mudru ). Ushivshu on top of head and

—

(

?

On each side a miniature attendantsi-lvatsa symbol in centre of the chest.

standing on a lotus and waving a fly-wisk (Sanskrit cJulmara, Hindi chaur't).

In the two upper corners two flying figures, apparently carrying garlands.
The relief is enclosed between two pillars indicating a chapel in which theimage was supposedtobe

The stone wasplaced.

at

Allahabadthe

Library up to December 1907 ; it is doubtful if it originates from Mathura.

B 20. — Image (ht.

2'2" or 0m. GO)

cushion,with ornamented

frout.

In their'ivatsa symbol.

the

disk

on a

low triangular

Head missing and arms broken.

nipples are marked by wheel symbols.

Projecting

seated cross-leggedof a Jina

in the attitude of meditation (Skr. dkyn na-mud n~',)inof thecentre

chest

The
is

a

palms of the hands and on the

Find-place unknown.

soles of the feet.

*B 21.— Statuette (ht. V 7" or 0 m. 48^1 of the first Jina, Adinatha or
Head missing with
Yrishabhanatha, seated on a cushion in meditation.
The figure was originally placed in a chapel, thetop portion of the slab.
The Jina's seat is supported
pillars of which are broken off above the base.
by two lions couchant placed between two broken pillars.

A piece of clot

with garlands hangs down from the seat, so that its border touches the wheel
beneath.

Below it is a miniature bull couchant, the cognizance of the Jina

Yrishabhaniitha.

The lower portion

pilasters into three compartments.

of the sculpture

pilasters

dividedby four

Immediately beneathtwo, in that to the left, three standing figures of Jinas.
the outeris

In the proper right and central one areare two kneeling figurines of humanworshippers.

Onboth sides of the projecting portion of th e stone is a vertical row of five figuresof which fourtion of theare Jinas,

slab,

seatedinmeditation.

The missing top por-probably coutained eight more Tirthamkara figurines

making a total of twenty-four, the traditional number of Jaina patriarchs.
The lowermost figures of both rows are a male and female probably a Yak-ha
and YakshI;

the latter holds a flower in each hand.

in one line runs along the raised rim over the lions.

A Nagarl inscription
It reads :--Om Famdita Sri-Gctnavara-devaya.
1

Cf. Eg, lad,, Vol. II, p. 202, No. XIII.

72

(

)

*B 22— Statuette ('lit. 2' 3" or 0 m. 63) of tho 22nd Jina Xominatha
seated cro33-L*gged in the attitude of

m 'dilation on a throne supportedby

two lions.

On each side of the main figure stands a male attendant waving

a flv-wnk.

Under the ^e two attendant* ar.e two crouching

id female, with a start in eaeh hau 1.

,i

probably

Th:-yTlr> male wears n diadem on the top of his head, themalefigurines,

repres nit Yakshas.

femalehigh tiara.

aOver the elm vr'i bearers are two flung figures, apparently carrying garlands,
and over these two elephants standing on bothminiature figure beating a hand-drum,

ot a

is

•

p destil is an inscription, f in length, of which tho greater partIt
rends -.—Somvat 1104 Sri Bhc-dh-u-ayn-g ichchha
destroy :d.
j

The year, if

Miih'iln

f-omsp-md to A D. 104-7,
i

Jina

if tiie'referred to the

Yikrama

era,

would

Under the inscription is a conch, the cognizance

X 'mia.itha,

The sculptureI) member

1007:

preserved at the

wa-.
is

it

Allahabad

PublicLibrary

till

uncertain whether it originates from Mathura.

or 0 m. 407) of a Jina seated crossWo-ed
B 20.— Sruuett- (hi. 1' 4V—noin meditation (Skr. dhy'tna-iuudm) on a
i<

which

of the para-ol

Oa the top of the parasol there are traces
On the raided rim beneathsurmounts tho Jina's head,

rh

sides

supported by a pair of lions couchant.

An attendant with a fly-fan to tho left. The correslo-t. A kneeling figure of a human worshipper

the head is mining.

p >n ling figure to the righton faeh end ot the pedestal.
the low- r rim of t'a•i-,

Tncre runs an inscription in one

pHh,tal. bat only a few letters are* B 24.- -Fragment

fiV'

(lit.

portion of a Jina figur(.Skr.

cushion placed on a throne, which

The sculpture is much demaged and

or

0 m.

1G5)

lino

along

reserved.
i

consi-tingseated cross-legged in the attitudeofthe lowerof meditation

dhytna-madra) on a triangular cushion ornamentally carved along

the front.

It beaes an indistinct Nagari

inscription

dateds'~nhvat1234(•nrre-ponding to A.D. 1177.

Tin- sculpture was foundatthe Kaiikull Till according(.Vathura 2nd. ed., p. 110, with plate

B 25.— Statuett

*

e

(lit.

1'

ing a Jina seated cross-legged in the attitude of meditation.

In the palms of the hands is a four-petallcd flower.
feet

is

another symbol.

toGrowse.

lad. Ant. Vol. YI, p. 219, No. 10.)2" or 0 m. 356) of white marble, represent;

Head

lost.

On the soles of theOn the front face of the cushion is an inscription

in three lines, composed in a mixture of Sanskrit and Hindi and written in

the Xagarl character.

The date is the Yikrama year 182G, Maghara. di. 7

Thursday, coi responding to the 18th January A.D. 1870.

It

reads :—

Saihvat 1826 varshe mitt Magha va. di. 7 Guro.vdsara Digana~ijrre Mahu[va]je Kchar'i Si[m]<]ha raja vijay«[rajyej.
1.

—

73

(

2.

mahfibhafttiraka ir'iyujya-Sn-Mahanamda-svgarz-siirilhis tad

upadat (3.

)

desfit)Palli-vuluvam&tmagihiigai.

|)

tre [H>-i]ras>'inu-nagara-vusind

Chaudhari Jodharujena p<~'titf~i(pratiahthu <) Icarapiteya (karitegam).
" In the year 1826. [the month] Magha, the 7th flay of the darknight, on Thursday,

in

the

[reign]victorious

Singh at the Town of Dig, by order of the great master the worshipful

Mahanand Sugar

1

Suri, this consecration (!)

was caused

to

fort-

Kehar

of Maharaja, Raja

Sii

made bybe

Chaudhaii Judh Raj of the Pallival clan and of the Magiha family, and aresident of the town of Harasana."

For part of the above reading
Vakil, High Court, Lucknow.

amIindebted to

A jit

Mr.

Maharaji Keharl or Kesarl

grandson of Maharaja Sii raj Mall, theMaharaja Jawahar Singh was

founder of the

Prasada,Singh was a

Bharatpur

Gadcli.

On Jawahar Singh's death his

his father.

brother Ratan Singh became the ruler and Keharl or Kesarl succeeded Ratan

He ruled from Chet sudi Oth, Samba

Singh.

t

132(J (A.D.

1769)

to

Chet

badi 15, Sambut 1834 (A. D. 1777).

B 2G.

— Statuetteor Parsvanfitha
tation?
,(ht. 1'

S" or 0 m.

51)

of a

Jina,

eitherSup.'rsva

wearing a Naga-hood and scat.d cross-legged in medi-The

on a cushion, supported by sitting lions.

miniature chapel, the pillars of which are

broken.

figure is placed ina

The projecting pcrtion-of the architrave are supported by lions rampant which stand on the heads

This sculpture seems to be identical with thatof elephants couchaut.

found by Growse at a dei !h of six feet in a fvlfl between theand the ChaubarM mounds

Kankall Tila

He de tribes it a> " a small pediment contain-

ing in a niche, Hanked by fabulous monsters and surmount. d hy the my-tie
wheel, a figure of Buddha, canopied by a many-headed serpent

B 27.

Fragment (he. 1' oh" or 0 m. 445) consisting of the lower
a Jina (?) image seated cross-legged in meditation, as expressed

portion ofby the position of the hands which rest in the lap, with the
upward.
of theand seated(Mathiird p. 124.)

on a lion throne."i

alius turned

On the sole

In each palm is the sign of the wheel (Skr. chabra).
feet

is

(Skr. triratna).

thesame emblem besides the symbol of the three jewels

The sculpture is

said

to

originate

from

the

KankallTila.

B 28.-" Fragment

(ht.

1'

7''

or 0 m.

483) consisting of

portion of a Jina (?) image seated cross-legged in meditation.
1

Suri iSuniida is mentioned in Ep. hid , Vol,»

Cf. aboy:, p. -13.

I,

\i.

37".

the lower

Lelt knee

74(

mining;pedestal defaced.

Symbol of the wheel in the palms of the hands
Find-plane unknown.

and on the soles of the feet.
*

B. 20.

—Fragment)(ht. 1' or

0 m. 305) consisting of the legs andupper part of the pedestal of a Jina (!) seated cros^-legged in meditation.

The relief on the front

face of the pedestal evidently represented

a wheelwith four worshipping figures who are holdiug buuche? of flowers as offerings.

Oa

Only the heads are partly preserved.
r. 'lief runs

an inscription in twothelines 1' 4'' inrais.'dlength;rim over the fronttheportion oflast

the first lino and almost the entire second line arc destroyed.

It reads:

Huv'ishkutya r['i]jya-s"(m) 50 he. 3
botha sa gha ne.
(2) vaha(1) ITahdi'itjctxya DiV'-iputrdxy-t

di.

[2]

" In

the

reign

of theking, His Majesty Huvishka,in theyear

in the third mouth of winter, on the second day

50,
..."

This inscription shows the imago to belong to the Kushana period.

The ston.' which had been set up by a subordinate; in the Public Works
Department to protect a culvert on the high road through cantonments was
rescued by Mr. Growse (Mat hurt, p. 1G5, and Ind. Ant. Vol. YI, pp. 217
and 201, No. 11.)

B 30.— Fragment (ht. 1' Gh" or 0 m. 47)
legged on a throne much defaced.

* B 31.— Fragment (ht, 10]" or 0

To

Jina image.

of a Jina figure seated cross-Find-place unknown.

the proper rightm. 2G) of the pxlestal of a seatedisa wheel placed on a throne whichmust have occupied the centre of the front relief.
i, a lio.i fa.-nig,part of who-c bedy

On the proper left side

carved on the side of the stone.
B.twecn the wheel and the lion are two figures, male and female, standing

Imnt with

to

fold

el

is

m the attitude of adoration.

hands

iu>ciiption in two lines, 13'' and 1G V long, ofanwhich the lower line is mostly

destroyed, on the' raised rims over anil beneath the relief.

reading I am indebted to Professor II. Liiders:hO'ui/i] >:vt [/*]

ddli'iThereis

For the following—[07] vr.h'i-;nii 1 Kof-y i-gaai- Vaim-iakhi[ma-Huilenhi]

vi [bu ?] prat lshth[ti]pita.
In Professor Liideis' opinion the date refers to tli3 Gupt.i era, in which
ra -.' the inscription would be dated in A.D. 41(3.
2.

.

.

.

,

-

The sculpture was preserved in the Delhi Municipal Musjum
ber 1007, when it \va~, trarsferred to the Mathur.T Museum.
its st\leand the kind of ston j us.d,itoriginates from

till

Octo-

Judging from

Mathur.l, but theexact find-place is unknown.

B 32. —Image (ht. 3' 3j" ora standing Jina. Head and feet
Male attendant with fly-wisk standing on each side.
Lower portion of back square. Vertically along the back project threelost ;

hands injured.

ira.) of

75()

The image is said to come fromsides of an octagonal shaft.

the Kankall

Tila.

B 33.— Fragment (ht. 1' 11" or 0 m. 584) of a .slab containing the torso
of a standing Jina figure.

Head lost.

straight locks on shoulders.

On both sides an attendant standing on alotus and holding a fly-whisk.

Portion of an ornamental halo;

Find-plaee unknown.

B 34.— Torso (ht. 2' 4" or 0 m. 71) of a standing Jina figure. Find-place
unknown.

B 35. —Torso (ht. 2' 8" or 0 m. SI) of a standing Jina.
centre of chest.

It was brought to the Museum from theSymbolbungalow no.

in14.

B 3G.— Torso (ht. 2' oV or 0 m. GSG) of a Jina figure, standing against
a slightly projecting pillar.

Remnants of a circular halo visible on the back ofLong straight locks falling on shoulders, Find-place unknown.
B 37.— Torso and head (ht. 1 81/ or 0 m. 52) of the figure of athe stone.

'

Arms missing, nose broken, lips slightly

Jina.

arranged inconventional shortcurls,

B 38.— Torso (ht. V 6" or 0 m. 457)
3"

of a

or

B 41. —Torso (ht.
incentre of

figure.

Bnvatsa

figure.

Srivatsa(?)

0 m. 33) of a Jina (?)

B 40.— Torso (ht. 10" or 0 m. 254) of a

bol

Jina

Find-place unknown.

symbol in centre of chest.

bol in centre of chest.

&rivatsa

Find-place Kankali Tila (?).

symbol in centre of chest.
1'

Hair

halo.

Find-place unknown.

symbol in centre of chest.

B 39. -Torso (ht.

No

injured.

Ear-lobes elongated.

Jina figure,tinvatsa sym-

8A" or 0 m. 21G) of a Jina figure.

Hrlvatsa sym-

Find-place unknown.

Attendant holding fly-whisk to proper

chest.

right.

Find-place unknown.

B 42.— Tor- o (ht. S"

or 0 m. 20) of a Jina

figure.

Srivatsa

symbolFind-place unknown.

in centre of chest.

B 43.— Fragment (ht. 8" or 0 m. 20) consisting of thighs of standing
Find-place unknown.

Jina figure.

B 44— Mask (ht, 1' 9" or 0 m. 53) of theLeft cheek and nose missing

colossal size.

in short conventional curls.

ing;

pupilsnotindicated.

;head of a Jina (?) figure oflips and chin

Face round and full;damaged. Haireyes large and protrud-

Neither usJuusha nor urnd.

Find-place

Kankall Tila (?).

B 45.— Mask (ht, 1' oi" or 0 m. 35) of theof colossal size.
tionalcurls.

head of a Jina (?) image
Hair arranged in short convenhave an ushnWia and there is a small

Nose and chin broken.

The head seems tourjia above the nose.

Find-place unknown.

76(

B 40.— Head (ht, V

1" or 0m. 33) of a Jina (?) imago, of buff-

Hair in shortNose, chin and ears slightly damaged.

coloured sandstone.

Face round andtchimatic curls.

)

Eyes

full.

large,

Eve-brows in two curves almost touching each other.

pupils not marked.

Find-place Kankull

fila(?).

B 47. -Head (ht. V 1" or 0 m. 278.) of a Jina (?) figure.
head and nose broken.
ofleft ear.

Deep, round hole on place

Hair treated in schematic waves.

Face round and full eyes

No urnd,.

Pupils not indicated.

large.

;

Find-place unknown.

B 48. — Head (ht. 1' or 0 m. 305) of a Jina (?) image.
Hair in short conventional curls.

ear-lobes injured.

eyes large.

Top of theEars and chin injured.

No

Pupils not indicated.

Face round andAt back

vrijd.

Nose brokenoftraces;full,

pillar.

Find-place Kankali Tila ('.).

B 49— Headchin injured.
short(ht. 1' or 0

m. 305) of a Jina (?) figure.

Back of head, including

conventional curls.

It

ears,

missing.

Nose broken;

Hair arranged in

was brought to the Museum from the Joint

Magistrate's bungalow.

B 50.— Head10" or 0 m.

(ht.

Hair in wavy rows.

B 51.— Head (ht.

81''

or 0 m, 215) of a Jina

Nose and cars slightly injured.
broad and flat.

Criifi

B 52.— Head (ht.

defaced.

figure,preserved

well

Hair in rows of schematic waves.

between eye-brows.
11 J" or 0 m. 29)

FaceFind-place unknown.

with portion of left

Hair arranged in wavy rows.

halo of Jina (?) figure.
lips damaged.

255) of a Jina figure, much

Find-jjlace Kaiikfdi Tila (?).

shoulder andForehead, nose andFind-place unknown.

—

Boo. Head (ht. 10'' or 0 m. 255) of a Jina figure. Nose broken:
Hair arranged in short schematic curls. Pupils inface much injured.
dicated.

Portions of ornamental halo.

B 54.—Head (ht.

101" or 0 m.

Hair in short schematic curls.

Find-place Kankfdl Tila ('.).

Much worn.
Museum from the205) of a Jina figure.

It was brought

to

the

Joint Magistrate's bungalow.

B 55.— Head (ht. 8J" or 0 m. 215; of a Jina (?) figure.
and right cheek broken.

Hair plain.

B 50.— Head (ht. Si" or 0 m. 215) of a Jina (?) figure.
nose broken.

Hair plain.

B 57. — Head (ht.
ken

;

7''

lips, chin and left ear

Pupils not indicated,

Traces of ushn'.iha.
or 0 m.

179) of a

injured.

Nose,

chin

Find-place Kankfdl Tila (?).

Find-place unknown.

Jina (?) figurine.

Hair plain.

Find-place unknown.

Forehead andNo

Nose bro-ushitisha or

iirnii.

(

B 58.— Head;)8" or 0 m. 205) of a(ht,eyes large.

Much

Jina figure.

Hair arranged in short schematic

nose broken.
full

77

Face

curls.

defaced;

round

and

Find-place Kankfdl TUa ('<).

B 59.— Fragment (ht. 3]" or 0 in. 95) consisting of the lower portion ofth.;head of Jina (?) figure.

B CO. — Fragment(lit.

B Gl. — Head (ht.

2'

Find-place unknown.
10''

or 0 m. 25) of the head of a Jina
Q) figurewith hair arranged in conventional curls.
Find-placj unknown.

4" or 0 m. 71) of a Jina

The surface has peeled off inptaces.

image of colossal

The hair is arranged

size.

schematicin

The sculpture was kept at the Allahabad Public Library till Decem-

curls.

ber 1907.

B G2.— Head (ht. 1' 4" or 0 m. 40) with portion of a Xaga-hood,presumably belonging to a figure of the Jina P.irsvanatha. The hoodmust have consisted of seven snake-heads, one on the proper right side
missing.

Overeach snake-hood

iscentral head is the triratna symbol and that over thethe proper left end the svastilca.

Thata sacred symbol.

overoutermostThe head of the Jina, of which the noseand chin are missing, has short schematic curls and elongated ears.
eye-brows are drawn in one line.

thehead onThe cheeks are fullthe lips

;

The

thick

and

Find-place unknown.

protruding.

B 63.— Statuette (ht. 1' 4" or 0 m. 419) of a Jina seatedcross-leggedin the attitude of meditation between two attending figures, standing withfoldedhands.

The

central figure has a symbol in the middle of his chestand remnants of a circular halo with scolloped borcL r on both sides of his
On the pedestal is a relief, flanked by two lions, which represents

head.

four human figures worshipping a wheel.

The carving ispartlydefacedand the workmanship poor.

B 64.— Fragment (length 8J" or 0 m. 216) consisting of two hands ofa Buddha or Jina figure seated in theattitude of meditation.

Find-place,

unknown.

B 65.~Stcle (ht.
incross-legged

10" or 0 in. 8C2) with a nude Jina figure

2'

meditation on each of theseven- headed Naga hood

;

One

.

hair falling on both shoulders.

Two are seated on a throne supported by a
the narrow side

Quadruple Tirthaihkara images like B 05— 74 are designated inas pratiinu sarvato bhadriba "an image auspicious
p. 382, No. II )

on

all

Growse (Mathv.ra p, US) mentions two

Kankali Ilia under the name of chattiixuHl.
Slvpa, plite XC.

seatedwears aand another of the four figures has straightpair of lions between which stands a wheel,1

four sides 1

sides."(Cf.

thefacing.

inscriptions

Ep. Ind. Vol. I,

such sculptures foundFor similar images

cf.

A

in

the

V. A. Smith, Jain

w(

similar wheelinthe sameposition)isfound on the two remaining sides,

but here it is placed between two squatting figurines, one a corpulent malefigurjholding a cup in his right and a money bag in his left hand

other a female holding an infaut in her left arm, and in
distinctobj.'Ct.

wealth andrepresent Kubera,The^e figurines probably

Hariti, the goddess of abundance.

Each Jina has on both sides of his head a
Find-place unknown.

B 06.— Stele (ht. 2'

the
in-

the god of

beneath C 2 and 4-5.

flying figure carrying a garland.

709) carved on the fouror 0 m.

4,"

Cf.

;

her right ansides witha nude Jina figure seated cross-legged in meditation on a cushion placedon a throne (Skr. simhasa net) supported by a pair
Between each pairward with one forepaw raised.

of each of the four sides, is a wheel.

areminiature figurines

inof lions,in the centre

In one instance there are two kneel-ing human figures on both sides of the wheel.
pedestalof lions, turned out-

Along the four faces of the

Most of them arevaiious attitudes.

male figures, probably Yakshas, squatting and holding a money bag in the
left

hand.

On one side there is a kneeling female figure and on another sidea grotesque head, perhaps Riihu.
the four heads is missiug.

long straight locks

One

fallingon

The upper portion of the stone with
the

of

the

four figures

shoulders.

symbols hi the shape of conventional flowers, inand on the feet.

distinguished by

is

Each
the

Jina

figurehas

palms of the hands

The sculpture is said to originate from the Kankali Tlla,

B 67.— Stele (ht. 2' 10" or 0 m.

859, including tenon) with anude

One is distinguished by a seven-headed Nagabystraight
hairfalling on both shoulders. Each figure has aanotherhood
Jina standing on each side.
;

sr'ivutsa symbol in the centre of the chest.
isOn each sidea bas-relief representing a devotional scene.

ofthe pedestal

In the top of the stone is asquare mortice for the reception of a tenon ; there is a square tenon in thebottom.

Find-place unknown.

* B 08.— Stele (ht. 3' 3" or 0 m. 99) with a nude Jina

on eachof thefour

sides.

The

four figures areallfigure standing

defaced and other-Three have ornamental haloes and one a seven-headed Naga
One of the three haloed figures has straight locks falling on the
Each figure has the sr'ivatsa symbol in the centre of the chest.
shoulders.

wise injured.

hood.

There is a square mortice in the top of the stone.

on oneside

arc

traces ofaninscription,

The pedestal is broken,

which I read :...ka lhaginlye

Gho..." [ofj Gho... the sister of..." The character is that of theperiod.

The sculpture is said to have been found in the Kankali Tlla.

Kushaiia

—

79

(

)

* B 69.— Stele (ht. 1' 11" or 0 in. 5S2) with a nnrlc Jina

ing on each of the four hides.

a seven-fold

Naga hood.

Three of th''sc figure* have

One of the haloed figures has long straight hairfalling down on both shoulders.

centre of thj

Onchest.

stand-

figurehaloes and ono

the

All

four

four

corners of the

figures

Hound moitico

worshippers, facing both sides.

have a symbol in thepedestalin theare human

top of thestone.

On oae face of the base is an inscription in on.' line.
The sculpture is said to originate from the Kankfdl Tlla.

*B 70.— Stele (ht, V

101" or 0

m. 57) carved with a nude Jina
Three of these figures have astanding on each of the four sides.

figurehalo and the fourth has a sat en-headedarefigurines

Xa^a-hood.

devotees facing both ways.

ofAll four figures haveOn the four corners of the pedestal

a symbol in the centre of the brea-t.

Th.rc is a round mortice in

The base is broken, Along the three entire sides
The lettering un side b is partly, and thatthe top of the stone.

runs an inscription in two lines.

on c wholly, lost.

The inscription which was first brought to notice by General Cunningham and re-edited by Professors liiihl r and Ltiders, runs a> follows
:

a

1.

Siddham [sum] So

2.

tato BrahmadOsib'ito Uchenalcarito

he 1 di 1*2 c.sya pnrvvaye Ko1—£r[i]grihato

b 1.

[ska

2

d 1,

.

.

2.

.

.

.

.

[bha]

bodhi-labhde Vish[*it]udeva pruti—

sarva-sat[t vc"']nam hita-sukha[yo].

[In the year] 35, the first mouth of winter, the"Success:

12th dayon this [date specified as] above, [at the request of]out ofthe Kottiya [gam], the Brahmadasika [hula], the Uehchanagari [sdlchd].....

the Srigriha [sambhoga]....

for the welfare

and happiness ofallcreatures."

The sculpture was found in the Kankfdl Tlla and preserved in the Delhi
Municipal Museum till October 11)07 when it was transferred to the
Mathura collection. (Cunningham, A. S. li., Vol. Ill, p. 20, no. 2 andAlmanack der Wiener Akademie der Wisscnschaften,
Vol. XXXVII, p. 266 Vienna Oriental Journal, Vol. I, p. 176, no. 5 andVol. IV, p. 171 and Liidcrs, 2nd. Ant., Vol. XXXIII.
30, no. 5).
Builder,

plate.

;

*

B 71

—

Stele (ht.

1'figure standing on each

10"
of

its

or

0 m. 558) carved

four sides.

haloes and the fourth has a broken Xaga
1

Professor LuJors reads so. 5.

with a nude Jina

Three of these figures have

hood.

All

four

figureshave a(

symbolth:iaof th?

Ther.-

is)Oa the four corners of tho'pedcstal

ohi-st.

hum-in devot?es,of

are fi"-urines

missing.

centreSO

ftv-ingbothTheir hands areways.

On the lowui

a square mortice in the top of the stone.

rim of the bav along the four sides run? an inscription in one

line,

which

was fir-t published by General Cunningham and re-edited by M. Boyer.
(a) [Saw] 5 lie 4 di 20 [asyu purviiydih K[otiya](h) [gan'i]to Uchfijvtgarito iakk'lto Bim[h~\ndu[^i!c('it.o] [kuliito](c) 31[i]kila tasya iishyo uryyo

specified as]

above

month of winter, the 20th day, on that [dateUchenagara
nit of the [Kotiya] giya. theiukkii,

Brahmadasikakuhl" [In the year] 5, the 4th

tlt2.... Mihila—

hisdisciple,thereverend

The sculpture was found in the Kaukali Tila and preserved in the Delhi
till
October 1907 when it was transferred to theMunicipal ITu-cum
Mathur.l Huveum.

(Cunningham, A.

no. 3 ; Boyer, J. A., series IX, Vol.

8.

Vol. Ill, p. 31, plate

I}.,

XIII,

XV, p. 574.)

B 72. — Stele (lit. 1' 3" or 0 m. 303) carved with a nude Jinn, figurine
standing on each of the foursides.

Ei<dt

of

the

figureshas asr~iuat.ua

One is distinguished by a snake-hoodbyhaloesthree
withscolloped
borders.
The sculpture was
other
the
and

symbolinthe centre of th'chest.

found let into the wall of a >mall lihg<i shrine near a well at the junctionof theCircularworshippeda-Road and the cart-tract leading to Maholl and was being

Vlrabhudra, a g

theimage came314) carved with a nude

Jina figurine

ot

Siva.

Possibly

originally from the Kaiikali Tila.

B 73. — Stele (lit,

1'

or

0 m,

The carving is much defaced. Pandit
standing on
Kadha Krishna purchased it from a Brahmin resident in Vlafchura city,
who worshipped it as Brahma and at the same time explained it to theach of tli<

tour sides.

ignorant as a representation of the four Yugas, all but the Kaliyuga being

On loan from the Government of India.
B 74.— Fragment (lit. 10,;" or 0 m. 275) of a stele similar to Xos.

obliterated.'

B 05 — 73.

Of

the

four

images only the halo and remnants of the heads

One of them probably wore a Naga hood.
Over each Jina are two flying figures, much worn, which carry garlands,
are preserved on three sides.

flower.-.,&v.

On the top of the stone is a raised disk, with two concentric

circles.

Tlie

fragment is said to originate from the Kaiikali Tila.

B 75.— Sculpture (ht. 3' or 0 m. 1)1.5; of buff-coloured sandstone representing

a Tirthaiiikara .seated cro.s^-leggedin the attitude of meditation(Skr. dhyunct-i/iadri'i) on a lotus-throne supported by

two lions couchant.

The main figure is headless and all the attending figures as well as the proper

S4

(

)

discovered by Mr. F. S. Growse in the winter of lS'73-4 in a mound near

the village of Pall-Kher.'i (/,.7i'v<"s-mound) belonging to the ancient site ofMadhupurl 2 miles south-west from the ruined temple of Kesab Dev.
" On one side," Growse says, " it represented a group of six persons, theprincipal figure being a man of much abdominal development who is seated

His right leg, which is some-in complete nudity on a rock or low stool,"what injured, rests on the ground and his left, the foot of which is missing, isdrawn up.

The head is defaced, but enough remains to show

bearded and had long curly locks kept together by a fillet.

that

His

was

it

left

hand

rests on his calf; his right holds a cup, the curious shape and design of which

deserve special attention.

At

his

right knee stand*aentirelychild,

defaced, 1 behind which is a female figure clad in a long-sleeved jacket

anda skirt falling down on the feet whichHerhead-dress is that found on

She has long curly locks

areshod with plump shoes.

Graccn-Budhist

theof Gandhara.

sculptureson the shoulders, heavy ear-pendant*, afalling

necklace consisting of several rows of pearls or round beads,

which hangs

down between the breasts, and a bracelet. In her right hand she holds a cupof the same shape and design as that of the main personage of the group.

Another female figure, somewhat smaller
right side of the relief.
described.

in

size,

Her dress is the same as thatoccupies the properof thefemale justBut she wears a flat torque round her neck and holds a bunchof grapes in her l ight hand.

In the back-ground between the two cup-bearers a defaced figureispartly visible -evidently a bearded man wearing a mantle or scarf over his
leftshoulder.

On the other side of the chief figure stands a boy, clad in along-sleeved tunic reaching down to his knees, long trousers ( ? ) andplump

In his right hand he holds what appears to be a bunch of grapes.

boots.

His headperiod.

is missing.
The dress of this figure is that of the Kushana
Above the figures we notice the foliage of an asoka tree.

On the opposite side of the block we find the fat man again " in astate of helpless intoxication."
He occupies the centre and is seated on

A loose sheet covers the lower part of hiswhat appears to be a low rock.

His left leg is drawn up and his right is hanging down.

body.

His right?

arm is held by a female figure dressed in Greek costume and his left by amale person, who wears a mantle, " fastened at the neck by a fibula andhanging from the shouldersof late Greek design."
1

extant.

On the photographvaud)~ked folds, which are very suggestivein(Growse)published.

byOn each side of the seated man we findGrowse (Mathurd,

p.

168;

this figure

Since writing the above, part of the figure has been recovered and refiseil

is

still

(

S3

)

C. Yaksha and KIga Images.

—PARKHAM IMAGE.— Statueof colossal size(ht.

includingpedestal, 8' 8" or 2 m. 62 ; width across the shoulders 2' 8"

or 0

ra.

representing a corpulent male figure, standing with theknee slightly

CI.

left

The head is provided

The head is detached and both arms are lost.

bent.

The figure wears

with heavy ear-rings, but further details are obliterated.

a dhoti held round the812)

by means 0 f a flat girdle tied in a knot in

loins

A second fiat girdle is laid round the chest, which is decorated withfront.

The latter is provided with four dependent tassels
the left arm traces of an ornamental

a necklace and a torque.
at the back.

Near the break ofbracelet are still visible.

impossible to decide what the position of the

It is

But on the left side of the image tlvre is a break which seems

arms was.

evidently free from tha body, as on this side no break

the right hand was raided towards

the

right

arm wasvisible.

PossiblyThe

to indicate that the left hand was placed on the hip.

shoulder and

is

the

of theattitude

image the same as that of standing Buddha and Bodhisattva images.

The statue was discovered by General Cunningham in the village ofParkham 14 miles south of Mathurii on the Grand Trunk Road. The
villagers worshipped it under tire name of Deuatn (" Deity ").

conjectures that"a yifoha

representsitcarried a ch'iuri over the right shoulder."or

Cunningham

cbmi-god who

attendant

It docs not howeverseem very

probable that an imig.' of this siz i should havj served the purpose of asimplj attendant.

Besides, there is no indication thatover its shoulder.

On account

of

the

corpulenceitofheld any object

theI

figure,feel

inclined to identify it. with Kubera, the god of wealth.

The Parkham statue is of particular int 'rest, as it is the only image yetfound in India which can be assigned to the second century B.C.

It has an

inscription in Maurya Brahmi cut in three lines on the top of the pedestal on

both sides of and between the feet.
side and that in thj

The first portion on

the proper

right

centre are partly destroyed, and in the third line several

letters are uncertain.

Ireadit:.

.

.

[ni] Bluidapugariiiii [ki]pi......

" Madeby Bhadapugarin(Plate XII.

Kunl[hi]tevusinu

.

.

.

[gu] atha.

[Gomitukena].... Gomitaka the pupil

Cf. Cunningham, A.S.R. Vol. XX, p. 41 and plate

of

.

.

Icata,,

Kunika."VI Konow,;Ind. Ant).

C2.— " BACCHANALIAN GROUP/'— Sculpture (ht. including tenon
5' V' or 0 m. 538 ; width at ba,c 3' 5" or 1 m. 04

carved on both

sides

with

a

;

thickness 1' G" or 0 m. 458),

so-called " Bacchanalian group."

It

was

Plate XII.

X<>. C,

Yakmia l?)

St\ti'i:

h;u\i

i

;

lit.

8' S".

Parkiiam;

Mai rv\ Pkriod.

f

82

(

)

Gandharva and an Apsaras, of which the male figure carries a garland as an
Over each of these twooffering, -whilst the fem.Jeseeins to shower flowers.

groups there must have been an elephant standing on a lotus-flower.
.

The

feet of that on the proper left are still traceable.

The head of the Tirtham-kara is provid ed with an ornamental halo andsurmounted by aparasol, on the top of which there isisa prostrate

triplea hand-figurine beating

drum.

The sculpture is of

mediaeval type.

theF. B. Barrett, 15th Hu^ar.s, in thein Cantonm aits)

it

stood

tor

It

was presented by Captaincompound of whose bungalow (Xo. 23

many years.

been found

It i^ said to havein the course of construction of oil'": of the barracks about the

On loan from the Government of India.
B 78.— Head (lit. 1' or 0 m. 004) of a Jina (?) figure.

timeof theMutiny.

dicated by a line above th • forehead.

Hair only in-

Xo«e broken, ears slightly damaged.

From a bjghwh'.t near the Bhutcsar mound. On loan from the Governmentof India.

B 79.— Statuette (lit. Si- 7 or 0 m. 210) in black marble representing a
Jina seated cross-legged in

Headlo.-,t.

theattitude of

meditation on a plain

Symbols on chest and on the palmofthe hand.

base.
It

was

obtained with No. B SO from the Sarasvatl Km.id, 1 mile from Mathurd on

On loan from the Government of India.
B S'). — Statuette lit, 'A;" or 0 m. 00.5) in white marble representing

the Delhi read.

{

Jina seated cro->s.-legged in

Head lo^t.

ed with No. B I'd from the
DjIIu road.

theattitudeof meditation on

Symbols on che>t and in the pilm of the hand.

aaplain base.

It

was obtain-

Kund, 1 mile from Mathurl on the
On loan from the Government of India.
Sarasvatl

si

(

loft

lion

)

Between thearc defaced.

lion*

we

noticeanda wheeltwodeer, which in Budhist iconography denotes the Buddha's first sermon in theDeer-park near Benares.
figurines of

On tinKubera, the god

receding ends of the pedestal there aremoney-bag, and of theof wealth, with his

two attendants,

who holds a child on her left knee. Above them arestanding, who are broken and must have held fly-whisks,

Each of thosesurmounted by four figurines, arranged

goddess of fertility,isplaced one over the other, and seated on lotu-e-, so

in groups of twothat four are l laced toand four to the left of the ornamental halo of the Tlrtharhkara.
These eight figurines evidently represent the sun, the moon and the fivethe right

planets (which have given their names to the seven week-days), the last of

the number being Rfdm, the Eclipse demon who is shown as only a bust.

The main figure was evidently canopied by awhich there is a group of two flying

celestials,

meant for a Gandharva and an Apsaras.

parasol, on both sides ofmale and female, probably

These figures are all defaced.

The sculpture forms a transition between the Tlrtharhkara figures of
the Gupta period like No. B G, 7 and 33 and those of the late Middle Ages
like

No. B 77.

Kund.

B

It

was obtained by Pandit Eadha Krishna from76.

— Sculpture

representing

the first

cross-legged in the(ht.

2" or 0 m. GO)2'attitudeof meditation

The back-slab issculpture.

of hair on theleft

We notice two

They probably represent
lost

together with the head

The knees also

Note

are broken.

Obtained from Potra Kund.

shoulder.

aBetween the lioas there iskneeling figurines on both ends of the pedestal.

and arms of the Tlrtharhkara figure.

on

dhyfina-mi'drii)(Skr.

an effigy of a bull, the cognizance of the first Tlrtharhkara.
the donors of thesaLdstonein buff-coloured

Adinatha or Vrishabhanatha seatedTlrtharhkara

lotus-throne supported by two lions couchant.

the lock

Potra

On loan from the Government of India.

Onloan from the Government of India.

B 77.— Image

(ht.

4'

51" orNeminatha seated cross-legged

mudru) on a throne whichlions seated1m. 3.5G1 of the 22nd Tlrtharhkarain theis supportedwith one forepaw

raided.

attitudeof meditation

on two dwarf(dlnjnna-pillars and apair ofHalf concealed behind the pillars

are two figurines, male and female, standing withbably represent the donors of the statue.

hands folded;

they pro-From the throne an ornamental

down between the two lions. Under it there appears to boa wheel and on the plain rim of thep dostal beneath we notice a conch, theclothang.-,

cognizance of th>Tlrtharhkara Neminitha.

To the right andleft

mam figure there is an attendant .standing with a fly-whisk in one
and on both sides of the

halo,

a

couple of flyingof thehand,celestials— probablyaPlate XIII.

85

(

)

the figure of a little boy standing, apptrently nude.
left

(lit.

of interest thatthe propertosomewhat smaller

It

is

o'

8") and similar in subject, had been found in Mathura by Colonel

Calcutta

Museum.

.lames Prinsep in thelassitude, anda sculptured stone,

The exact find-spot is not known.

L. R. Stacy about 1836.
the

That

AH the figures of this group are defaced.

has his right hand raised.

The Calcutta " Silenus"
followingvine-wreathedterm's:forehead,

"His

is

in sizenow

intersely describedbyportlyIt isdrunkencarcass,

stamp the individual, while thedrapery of his atteudants pronounces them at least to be foreign to India,

whatever may be thought of Silenus' own costume, which is certainly highly
orthodox and Brah ma nical.

If the sculptor

been somewhat tainted by the Indian

were a Greek, his taste had

beo.u-ide.il of female beauty.

other respects hi-, proportions and attitudes are good:Innay, superior to any

specimen of pure Hindu sculpture we possess; and, considering the objectof the group, tosupport agrape), it is excellent."

vase (probably of the juice

sacrificial

represents Silenus, that the sculptors were Bactrian Greeks, andwork was meant to be a txzza, or rather a pedestal
tazza, or large
Prinsep.

of theColonel St ley's id .-a was that the principal figure

sacrificial

forthat their

the purpose of a

These opinions were endorsed by Jamesvase.

Mr. Growse conjectured that, more likely, they are the bases ofpillars (probably octagonal), the socket being clearly visible on the

Mathura Museum specimen.

On

the

top

Cunningham notes " a circular bason

inCalcuttaof thetop of the

Silenusalso

diameter and 8" deep.''We

may assume that they stood, at the entrance of some Buddhist building.
That these sculptures are reproductions of classical Bacchanalian scenes
But the subject must have been

has been recognized from the beginning.

The main figure

adapted to an Indian conception.
but not Silenus himself.

Both tit•isacopy of Silenus,

position and appearance of the figuresuggest Kubera or Jambhala, the Buddhist god of wealth.

Images which

are supposed to represent this deity have been found in thePeshawar

trict,

the ancient Gandhara.

more nude figures

They

dis-

are regularly accompanied by two or— Cupids turned into Yakshas.

The attitude of the boy

to the proper left side of our second group singularly reminds us of similar

on Gandhura reliefs. The rock on which the main figure is seated
MoreI suppose to be meant for Mount Kailasa. the abode of Kubera.
figuresover, the explanation would well agree with the assumption that the stones

stood at the entrance of some Buddhist building, as we know that this was
the place where images of the king and ipieen of the Yakshas were com-monly found,

S3

(

)

Wo may compare two -tatuette- m the Mathurfi Museum (Nos. C 4 and
5) which represent a corpulent deity who hold.- ;i cup in his•which a female attendantpouring some liquid,

is

left

hand into

There can belittledoubt that these two statuette- represent the same person as the principal
Bacchanalian-group, and I

figure in the so-called

am inclined to identify

them with Kubera on account ot the pouch in their left hand, which is the
typical attribute of the god of wealth.

(Plate XIII.

Cf.

Cunningham, A.S.R., Vol. I, pp. 242—244; Growse,

M&'hura, pp. 124 and 16*5-109, with two plates(1875), Part
cf,

I,

:

and J.A.S.B., Vol.

On Colon

pp. 212-215, with two plates.

1

Stacy's

A. S. B., Vol. V. (1838) pp. 367-570, with plate

also J.

;XLIVSilenusand Burgess,A. M. I., plates 00(21 and til.)

C 3.— Image (lit. 3'

8" or

means

body by

115) ot a crouching, corpulent malein.

1

figure, presumably a Yaksha orHi-goblin.

leit

knee

is

fastened to theRound his neck is a wreath.

oi a scarf,

Both the scarf

From hisand the wreath are also shown on the back of the image.
ear a heavy car-ring hangs down.

The broad flat face has a small mous-

tache, a characteristic of demonical beings,
curls,

leftturned alternately to the right and

The hair is arranged in shortleft.
The arms are missing,but must have reached upwards, which indicates that the figure served the

Crouching supporting figures are very common in

purpose of an Atlaut.

the sculptures of Gandhara.

There can be little doubt that this sculpture is the " strange squat figureof a dwarf, 3' 9" high and 2'

broad " which Growse. obtained from " a moundimmediately adjoining the pillar that marks the boundary of the townshipof Mathuraand the^illagesot llahoh and Pall-kherfi lviug due south of

th j Kankall Tlla and east oi the Girdharpur mound'"(Plato XIV.

Cf.

Growse, Mathurn. p. 124.)

C 4.— Statuette fht.l'TV' or 0 m. 49) of ,aholdingacup

m hi- rightarranged in short curb.

corpulent

and a money-bag

in

his

squatting figure

hand.

left

Hair

Two female attendants, partly defaced, are stand-ing to his right and left behind his .shoulders.
to hold a pitcher(el,no. C 5).

The one to his right seems
The figure may have served the purposeof an Atlant at the foot of a pillar or pilaster,spherical projection over it- head (cf.

Go1

as indicatedby the hemi-,) and probably represents
Kuberaor Jainbhala. the Budhist god of wealth.

C 5.— Statuette (lit. 1' 2"or o m.

355) of a corpulent

male figuresquatting and holding in hi- left hand a bag and in his right hand acup into which a female attendant, standing at his right side, pours soms

Plate XIV.

YAK.SMA Fk.CK!. [RomMuiOl.l

Mot M).

87(

liquidfrom awhich

pit.-her)Ou account of the bag in

the leaf of a tree.

Bxhwith both hands.

holds

she

Over the left shoulder of thr> seatedwear the usual ornaments.

figuresfigureishand I am inclined to

his left

identify the male figure with Kubera of Jambhala, the god of wealth.

The

subject is evidently the same as that of the Bacchanalian group

no.

C2

but the present sculpture mibt belong to a lut-r

is

It was presi rved at the

Indian in its style.

and

date

:

purelyAllahabad Library till Decem-ber 1907, and perhaps originates from the Jamfdpur sit?.

(B. E. F. E. 0.,

VIII (1908), p. 490 f., fig. 2.)

Vol.

C G. — Image (ht.

8"2'or 0 m.

H12) of aLegs, arms, nose and part of the halo broken.

ciuK

Flat knot on top of the head.

moustache, teeth visible between
arm-rings.

The

corpulentmap

figure.

Hair arranged in schematic

Large, -dig-Inly protruding eyes, thinPendants

lips.

necklace and

ears,

in

figure shows tlu same type as the goblin No.

position of the legs was probably similar.

It is said to

C

The

3.

from thooriginate

Kankali Tlla.
It

is

the

image referredtoby Mr. Growse as

figure of a fat li* tie fellow, who has both hisand holds hi one'•

rudely executedahands raised above his head,a cup, in the other a bunch of grapes."

GrowseMr.

conjectured the figure to represent Buddha in the days of his youth or tobe " a caricature of

Buddhism as regarded from the point

Brahmanical;''ascetic

From the plate

but thereis

XLIV (1875), Part I, p. 215

nothing to support this supposition.

C 7, — Statuette (ht.

(Mathurd, p. 1G9, and J A. S. B.

plate XIV).

:

H" or 0 m. 353) of a corpulent male figure,1'

perhaps a Yaksha, carved in the round.

Head and arms

attitude of the two figures

the same.

isC 8. — Relief (ht.

S''squatting figures facing

;

or

0

111.

village

Xaugava, 4 miles

On loan from the Government of India.
203).

much

defaced,representing

the right one a pot-bellied male, wears

and ornaments,

On both sides

four smaller figures arehands in the attitude of adoration, one to the

The

two

an elabo-

His right arm is raised to the shoulder

The hand is broken, but does not seem to have held any object.
arm rests against the knee. To his left is a female figure in
attitude.

The

legs.

Tlu sculpture was obtained by

Pandit Radha Krishna from a suburb of tlu

from Mathura city on the Dig road.

Likemissing.

C 3 he has a flat band fastened round his belly and one of his

rate head-dressof apublished by Growse it appears that the two amis of the

figure were broken since its discovery.

Vol.

of ui_w

right

The leftasimilarstanding withfoldedand three

to

th.'

left.

sitting persons possibly represent Kubera, the god of wealth, and his

*N(

Wi' may compare tin- figurine^ occurring on the bases olthcjaiua

consort.

No. B Go.

stele

)

sculpture seems to belong to the Kusharja

Thi'periodand is said to originate tivm the Kankfdl TIM.

C 0. — Fragment (lit. 31" or 0 m. 132) carved with afigure squatting and holding a cup(') in

At

hand.

his

side

is

his

right

lost.

C 10.

—Fragment(lit.

bag in hisaanother figure standing of which th

The fragment was brought Ivro frombungalow. Cf above No. C 5.
isandcorpulent male

Magistrate's

Joint

th?

left

upper portion*

71" or 0 in. IS) ot a corpulent male figure, squat-ting and holding a cup in hU right and a bag in

his left hand.

Cf.

above

C i and 5.

Is os.

C 11. — Sculpture (lit. 9" or 0 m.

228) representing a corpulent maledeity, probably Kubera. seated to front

between two rudely carved dwarf

Hepilasters, of which that to the proper light is broken.

The right, holding an

his left hand.

indistinct

object,

holds
is

a

raised

cup

in

to

the

Provenance unknown.

shoulder.

C 12. — .Sculpture (lit. IT or 0 m. 228) representing two corpulent figures,male and female, seated side by side, the latter with
Carving defaced. Provenance unknown.
knee.

*G 13.

— Lif--size statue

and tenon;of figure

lit.

7'

(lit.

prop.-rspirited attitude with his right5'b"or 2 in.

or 1

a child

on her407, including snake-hood

m. 57) of a Naga standing in a

hand raised above the head.

The left handmust have held a cup, as may be inferred from Xo. C 15, whichin attitude.
isBoth amis arc biokou and the lioht leg damaged.

surmounted by a hood

ot

It

is

clad in aalso indicatedThesimilar

The head

It dese-r\cs noticeleft

The head of the imago is defaced.

A necklace can be

dluAl and a scarf tied round the loins.

traced on the breast.

isseven serpent heads, that to the proper

being lost and the central one broken.

leftthat the coils of the snake areon the back of the stone.

sculpture

belongs to the Kushana period, as appears from thefollowing inscription cut in six lines on the back:2.

Malta vojasya mjiittirajusya Huviskasya savxtsara chat[u]risa 40
Hematta-nxose 2 diva-se 23 etta purvoyya

3.

Senahasti [cha] Pindapiy ya-putro Bhoauke (or Bhond'Ake ?) c/tci

1.

4.

V ti'avr iddhi-putro ctti vayyasyu ubhayye

5.

Xi'ign (or 21 0 gain <) prattibt~tp[e]tti iU3hkaraniyy[Cnii]

C.

svak'jyyom.

Priyy.'tti Bhagavn Ndgo.

Rendered into pure Sanskrit, this legend would run
1.

:

Maho.rO,j'jsyu r0j0.tiv0j<isya Iluvishkasya sumvatsare chatvurimse 40

«o

(

)

2.

Remanta-muse 2 divase 23 af/vi purvuyum

3.

Senahasti cha Pindapayya-'puti'o Bhonulcaicha

4.

Vtravriddhi-putra etau vay'synu ulhayau

5.

Nugaik pratishth'tjicya'/ih pushkarinyumG.

svakuynm.

Pr'iyat'nh Bhnga.ranNO.gal},Translation.
" In the fortieth year (40) of the king, theOnmouth of winter, th.* 23fd day.

the 2ndking of kings Huvishka, inabove

this [date spo ?ifi j .1 as]

Senahasti [n] the son of Pindapayya and Bhonukathe son of Vhavyiddhi,
these two comrades, erect[ed] both [this] Niiga at their own tank.

Lord Xaga be pleased

M&y the1 ."The image, together with the inscribed slab 04, was discovered by Pandit
Radha Krishna in March 1908 near the ullage of Chhargaon 5 miles

map-measurement almost due south of Mathurii City and one mile southof Bhamsa, the first railway station south of Mathura on

south-west

narrow gauge

theDiiuji,

i.e.,

The

line.

villagers

used

to

worship the image as

Baladova or Balarama, the elder brother of Krishna.

a little curious that ancient Xaga

images foundare nowadays regularly worshipped as idols of Baladeva
of Bakko near Mahaban and Sakhana on the Delhi

Dhruv

Tlla

just

outride

the

:

It

Mathura

the

in

als

a compari-.on

the

of

Chhargaon Xaga(No.

D 36.)In the ca-e

the

at

Baladeva thereferring to his being an incarnationof theXaga hood

This willof the reign ofHuvishka with the white marble statuette of Baladeva madeof>Moreov r, mod tu idols of Paladeva

City.

manufactured here are exact copies of the ancient Xaga iigiuv s.
be evident fromnotthe villagese.g., iu

road andisdistrictisat

Biindaban

explainedasworld-snake Sesha-naga andthe cup in his left hand is believed to refer to his drinking propensities.

On loan from the Government of India.
C 14, — Statue (ht. 5' 7" or 1 m. 758) of a Xaga standing in the same
attitude as Nos. C 13 and C 15.
The Wer portion of the figure beneath
the

feet

broken.

ismuch defaced. Both arm? arearm are traces of ornaments. The

missing and the sculpture

On

the

left

shoulder andsnake coils are also indicated on th_' back of the stone.

The sculpture was obtained by Pandit Piadha Krishna from theof KhtimnI
1

6

miles from Mathura City on the road toComers the foi mula found at tie end of au inscription of thepreserved in the British Museum

be pleased!'':JPi iijaliim

Ep, Ind., Vol. IT p 240

beneath p 94, no. C 28.

My first reading

the Lord Naga delight in his own work !"

10th

year

of

Jiti gram uya ' May the gojioss of

C f. also

was

:

F.p.

I:,d„ Vol.

Stalca<-i/ h'iI,priyatti

village

Govardhan where

p.

3S>,

no.

KauUhka
the village

VIII and

Bhatjavu Xdjo

"May

M

(

it

was being worshippedas)or Balarama,

Pfurjl

elder

tlio

brotlier of

On loan from tiro Government of India.
C 13. — Figure (lit. 3' 1" or 0 in. 935) of a Xaga surmounted by a

Kyi-ln.ia.

hoodof a seven-headed snake, the coils of which are visible on both sides.

Theright haiul of the figure is raised above

cup.

He

the

head:

wears elaborate headgear and ornaments,

byidentified

Grows'

Mr.

with

holds

left

a,

A wreath is slung round

The lower portion of tho figure is missing.

his shoulders.

ously

the

errone-was-

It

Balarama, the elder brother of

Krishna.

The -eulpture was obtained by Mr. Grow.se from the village of Kukargiirh(1875). Part I* C Hi813

p.

;

Fragment

portion of ; i a coil

XIJV

{Jfathur", p. 109 and J.A.S.B. Vol.

in the Sa'adfibad pKrgaija.

plate XIV.)
i

ht. 1

'3"

or

0 m.

consisting445)

d-up snake carved in the round.

hindof thePossibly the sculpture

represented a Xaga. the missing upper half being a human bust with snakehood.

Xaga figures of this type are said to exist inOn

Bihar.

thefront

face of the roughly diessed base is the following Sanskrit inscription intwosecond line being continued on the proper left face of the base:lines, theSr[t]-Ah'inlevaftija' [The gift] of{2)Bluvana-t r pravarakn-pultrasya.
i

Asvadeva, the son of Bhuvana the Tripravaraka."

From the designation tripravaraka meaning ' a descendant
prominent

Brahmin.

;i--li-s"itfollows

that theJudging from the characterofthe inscription, the sculpture

must belong to the later Kushana or early Gupta period.
by Pandit Kadha
between the

Krishna from a placevillages of MahOlI and Usphar.

figure on the top

of

tin.-

sculptureof threedonor of the sculpture was aon theIt

was obtained

perambulation

road

The owner had made a mudwhich he explained to the ignorantpilgrims as a representation ol Krishna subduing the Kaliya Xaga.

On loanfrom the Government of India.

C 17.— Head (ht. 1' 4" or 0 m 40) with a five-headed Xaga hood,much damaged. Tho head is presumably that of a Xiiel or female Xaca
It is very fiat at the top, the hair being indicatedpassing backward.
flower.

by parallel straightlines,In trout is an ornament in the shape of a conventional

On the forehead over the nose is a circular mark.

eyes arc large.

The ears andTb- nose is broken, the lips and chin are injured. Find-

place unknown.

C IS. — Sculpture (ht. 'V 21'' or 0 m. 975) representing a male figure,He wears an elaborate headpei haps a Yak^ha, standing under a tree.
dress, ear-rings,atorijueandbracelets.

His

dress

consistsof a thin

01

(

)

scarf laid over the left shoulder and bii.asl, and a dhOt't tied round the loins

He holds a

by means of a girdle.
is

1

a»

.

his right arm which

Outside the feet aiv two crouch-slightly injured is raised ro the hr. a-t.

ing figurines much defaced.

hand

in his kit

The sculpture

carvd

i-

m the round.

Atthe back the trunk of the tree is shewn against which the figure is kaning.

Find-place unknown.

C 19.— Figure (ht. 1' 10" or 0 in. ooN) of a hooded Xaga standing with
right

hand

raised.

Lower portion <>t sculpture missing.

Obtained fromthe Dlrgha-Yisliim temple n"ar the Bhtratpur Crate, Mathura City.

On loan from the Government ol In.lia.
C 20. — Sculpture (hr. 7.V er 0 in. 1!) representingitwofiguresof aNaga and a Nag! standing, each with [he right hand raised to the shoulderTheand holding a water-vessel in the left hand.

snake areof theObtained from Dhruv Tlla on the bank of thevisible behind their bodies.

On lean from tin.' Go\ eminent "f India.

Janma, south ot 31athura City.

*C 21. —Statuette (ht.

coils

or 0 m. 23.3)

'.)["

of a

Xaga standing with his

He is can-right hand raised to the shoulder, whiKt the left holds a ve-sel.

opied by a heed of seven snak -heads theshown on both

sides

of

coils

of the snake-bodies being

Tn attitude andthe figure.

similar to the Bodhi-attvas of

the Ku-haiia period.

.shows a clos." relationship to

the

Xaga

though the latter is .superior in style.

statue of

Th

•

is

.At the same timeitC 18),

Ohhargaon (noChliaiga.'U image

It is noteworihy thaiyears anterior in date.

dress the figure

the siatuetfe

isonly twelve
described

here

has a moustache.

On the base is an inscription in one line, 5" long, which I read:Sui'u 52

In th- \ear 52, in the Hrd month of th- rainy

va 3 di 25 bhagavu[ta],1:season, on the 25th day.

[Image] of the lord.''

The statuette was worshipped a- liabdeva in a shrin.' near

the

Jama'

Mosque in the City and is said to have ken found in the BhuU'sar mound.

On loan from the Government of India.
C 22.— Statuette (ht. 10.] " >r 0 m. 20 of a Xfiga, canopied by a serpenthood, standing between two smaller figures, mak and female, kneeling withiI

hands folded in the attitude of adoration.

human devotees.

It

These two

was obtained trout a n'nUn'..

probably represent(hi loan fr<>m thGov-ernment of India.

C 23.— Two fragments,

one (ht. 1' 2"

or 1

m.

2D

consistingh.wl and bust with part ot tlv 1-tt arm, and the other (ht..
pedestal ot

a statu"

2' 5"of th"or 1of colossal .size.

m.

The

347) consisting of th.' feet andcarving is much obliterated, but the h.-avy cartings, th; necklace with tour
betweentassds at the back, and the tiat girdle suggest a cf.se relationship

92(

this figure and

The

the

)

Parkhara imago (no. C 1) which it surpasses in

size?.

present statue, when entire, must have been about 12' in height, which

would be about double life-size.
Pandit Radha Krishna obtained those fragments from the village
It wasBaroda, 4 miles from Parkhani and 2 miles from Chhargaon.

worshipped under the name

of

of

being

On loan from the Government

Jakheya.

of India.

C 24.

— Image(ht.

3'3" or 0 m. 99 including tenon) of a crouchingdwarf, probably a Yaksha, withlarge

nude and wears a garland roundhismeans of a scarf.
wards.

head and protruding belly.
neck;

the left is tied to

He isthe body by

The arms are broken, but were evidently stretched up-

We may assume that the figure served the purpose of an Atlant

and carried the shaft of a pillar on its head. It is similar to no. C 3, but
not so well preserved. Pandit Radha Krishna found this sculpture let in
the wall of a house at the village ot Pall Khera 2\ miles west of theCity.

On loan from the Government
C 25.— Double figure (ht. 1' 7" or 0 m. 482) of a Yaksha crouching
and holding a cup in each hand. He has a disproportionately largo headwith moustache, a protruding belly and small legs.
He is nude, but wear'sof India.

a garland round his neck and two bracelets on each arm.

on the top of the head.

There is a tenon

Said to have been found in the river Jamnfi nearOn loan from the Government of India.
C 26. — Sculpture (ht. S" or 0 m. 206) representing a corpulent

the Yinayak TUS.

and female figure seated

to

front

side by side.

The female has a flower in her
They probably represent

bag in his right and a cup in his left hand.
left

male

The male holds a money-

hand, the right being raised to the shoulder.

the god of wealth and the goddess of fertility.

Obtained from Potrfi Kund.

On loan from the Government of India.
C 27. — Sculpture (ht. 10'' orO m. 234) representing aand female figure seated side by

The mal

knee.

side,

the

Wt

latter holding a child on her

figure seems to hold a money-bag andbe identified with Kuvera and HaritT.

corpulent male

On loan froma cup.

the

They may

GovernmentofIndia.

*C 28.— Sculpture flit. 9" or 0 in. 22S) representing aand female figure seated to front side by side.

corpulent

male

They are similar to nos. C 8

and 12, but the hands are broken with the objects which they held. On
the base is an inscription consisting of two words, written one over theother, which I read -.Priyatl Sidha[l.].

" Hay the Siddha bo

The character is Brahmi of the Kushana period.
1

For tliia formula ci. ubove [)91, fuutnotu

pleased" 1:

The proper right sideof

Platk XVI.

93

(

)

The sculpture was obtained from the- ancient side

the base is defaced.

On loan from the

Rfd-Bhadar, 9 miles noith-west of Mathura.

ofGovern-ment of India,

C 20.— Sculpture (ht. 6-1'' or 0 in.

222) representing a [corpulent maleand female figure crouching to front, bid-- by side.
the female a child aud

Obtained from thehis consort.
site th?

a flower {'.).

Yisrant Ghlt

on theThe male holds a cup,
They probably represent Kubera andoffMathura oppo-

bank of the river Jamna.

On loan fromvillage Keravi, 2 miles

left'

the Government of India.

C 30. — Sculpture (hfc. G|" or 0
male and two female

m.

165 j

representing one

figures seated to front side by side.

a cup in his left hand, the females a Mower and a cup in their
while all have the righthandraidedtothewhich must belong to the

Kushanafourjoined. The sculpture,came from the Manoharpur
Government of India.

hands317) representing amale figure, perhaps Kubera, crouching

front.

ers.

The

sculpture,apparentlyoffigurines

period,mound in th; City. On loan from theC 31.— Sculpture (ht, 12 1" or 0 m.
right and a bag ('.) in the left hand.

hands,The male figure
The female figures arc

The sculpture contains, moreover,probably human worshippers, standing withleft

shoulder.

probably represents Kubera the god of wealth.
distinguished by hoods.

corpulent

The male holds

toHe holds

corpulenta cup inhis

Both hands are raised to the shouldthe

Kushana

period,wasobtainedfrom Bahadurpur near thj Rajputana Malwa Railway station of MathuraCity.

On loan from the Government of India.
C 32. — Sculptureing,

canopied

by

a

(ht.

9}" or 0 m. 235) representing a Naga, stand-seven-headed snake -hood

Obtained from a sudhu.

;

lace

and arms

On loan from the Government of India.

broken.

004(

iMAGLsor

J >.

illAUM AN I< A l

1

D 1.—-Torso and headiiht. 1'
Sun-god.

thelu'iiinanis

He wear> a holm
curly

't,

ni

led

fast

)

or 0 m. 400) ..1 an image ol

a circular ]i:ilo.

und -v the chin by moans of astrap.

Long

Tliin moustache (').

He is

A scarf
fa-teiied m a knot on the loft breast.
A

clad in a cuira-> "Yer which appe us

thrown over both -boulder-

Surya (0considerably injured.

Fa'.'.'<Wn on both should, r-.

locks fallingl)mit>.

isdouble-eord girdle i- ti 'd ruuud thand fastened

loin-

•

necklace.

\cry elaborate

a

in

Find-

front.

unknown.

place

0" or 0 m. 220 of Vishnu standing.
D i — Statuette
He wearsThea high m tre, a halo, raiious ornaments and a brahnianieal cord.
(lit.

face

is

)

Of the two remaining

injured aud two uf the i' nil' anus aie broken.

hands the right hold- the uuve {Q"r<)

th- uppjr

pait otwhich

broken,is

The other- either li -Id th'- lotus {^adma) andmal aud female
the wheel (c/tatra) or were pine. 'd on the heads of th
the left the conch (/achauri bearets, Hjudiug

attendant
figures>i '„'/<'').

theseated atsides

at his right

aud left -ide.

of the halo must represent

The twoBrahma and Siva.

Brahma, with a point ed board, sit, to tho pi'M per right aud Siva, with a("'
fVs-ihly ther was a Garuda projecting from'). to th' lett.
(<}'i?

trident

1

the pedestal beneath the teet ot the main figure.

D 3. — Statuette (ht. 11" oi 0 m 270 uf Surya the Suu-god, standing.
;He holds in each hand

The head which is broken, ha- a nhtre and a halo.

The flower

a lotus-stalk with a full-blown lluv.er rai-.-d over his shoulders,
to the. left is defaced.

Th" figur

either side stauds an att end mt

w. ,ns ,i cuhass[t)(Brahma and Siva ')has a pointed beavd and h.dd- an indefinite

objectOnami highboots.

The oneto the right

in

his

hand.

right

Find-pla-e unknown.

D 4. — Statuette

(lit,

U

v

Vishnu erect,

oi 0 in. 155) "twearingahhdi

mitre and halo, various oinaia'in- and a bnihmanic;d curd.

In his four

hands arc the usual attributes, mace, lotus, wheel and conch.

Thefigure under that hand, similar to th

represent

humanworshipper-.

tri-murtl lit. three-form).

of theut

On

The lett hand evidently
each

-side

the

halo

a

is

very

The-e are probably Brahma

Brahnnuueal Trinity (Sanskritof a corpulent

on an elephant, the trunk of which is broken.

are missing.
injured,-ide

Find-place unknown.

Do. — Statuette (hi. 1' o'' or 0 in. 43).seatedThey

one to the Left under the wheel.

At either

indistinct miniature figure, apparently ---at'-d.

and Siva, the two other member-right

Probably there was a kneelinglower hand which held the conch is broken.

rested

male

deity

('.)

His head aud arms

on the knee whichof the central figure suuids an attendant

is

;

also

upper

95

(

)

Beneath these arc two human devotees a

portion of both missing.

and a woman, kneeling wiih folded hands.

Judging irom the vehicle, the main figure seems

donors of the sculpture.

to represent cither Indra, the Indian thunder-god, on hiselephant Airavata,

Samantabhadra~-more probably the former

Bodhisattva

the

or

man

Tiny possibly represent the

sculpture is Brahmauieal

ratherthan Buddhist.

grapMe'Jjov.dJklque, pp. 120-120

;

(Cf.

the

as

Foucher,

Icono*

Find-place unknown.

pi. VI. 2).

D G. — Statuette (ht. 2' 5 \" or 0 m. 745) of a goddess, perhaps Vaishr>a\I thefemale counterpart (Skr.

idW) of Vishnu, standing on a

Originally the iuiage must

supported by a Garuda.

The head which

each of which hold a wheel (chaJcra).

&urround -d by an elaborate halo in the shape of anOneach side

cushionhave had ten arms,

expandedisbrokenislotus-flower.

a female attendant, that to the right holding a fly-standiwhisk (Skr. chnmo.w) and that to theleft

a wreath.

Both are defaced.

In the centre of the top of the slab is a cross-legged figure of a Jina
considerably injured, seated in meditation (Skr. dhyuna-mv.dfa).

(?)

On bothsides of it is a flying figure carrying a garland.

The sculpture seems
with tenfigurearms "

to be

Cf.

her

havingbeen

A.S.R. Vol III p. 19).

left

leg

549) of a female deity, perhaps

on a lotus cushion supported by a

PiirvatI, with ornamental halo, seatedlion,

femaleIf so, the sculpture is probably Jaina.

D 7. — Statuette (ht. 1' 9" or 0 m.
couehant" brahnianicalby Cunningham, as

mentioned

disco\ered in the Kaiikfill Tila.
(Plate XVII.

same as thethedrawn up, her right foot placed on the ground.

In her right hand she holds a bunch of flowers, partly broken, and with her
clasps aleftmale child which

necklace on her left breast.
figureissits

on her thigh playing with the lower

Both these figures are defaced.

The female

clad in a garment which covers the lower part of the body.

Ashawl thrown over the shoulders and passing behind the neck falls over theupper arms.
let^,

She wears an elaborate head-dress, a double necklace, brace-

anklets and an ornamental girdle.

The

child is nude, has a necklace,rings round its upper arm and wrist and a narrow band round its loins.

the

left

similarof the central figure stands anotherchild,

alsoTo

mutilated, withornaments and the right hand resting on the right knee of thegoddess.

At the other .side of the standing child is a miniature Gauesa seated ona low cushion and holding in his left hand a vessel of sweetmeats to which

he applies his trunk.

On the corresponding side, to the right, is anotherseated figure, the face of which is broken.

It holds a bowl in its right

and

(

OG

)

It probably represents

a hug \j) in its left hand.

Thi->and the Gauesa figure have oblong haloes.

group stands an attendant waving a fly-whisk.
eight dancing female figures, probably saktis.
iho reli -t projects a campy of flowers.

K libera the god of wealth.

On both bides of the central
On thj panel beneath are
From tin upper portion of

In the centre

isa defaced figureof a Jina (?) seated cross-legg ,-d on a lotus in the attitude of meditation.

both sides is a four-armed figure standing on a flower.

Next

to

On

these aretwo flying figures, one with folded hands and th.j other holding a fruitot

Another pair of flying figures, carrying garlands, occupies thenunc kind.

upper corners of the relief.
Find-place unknown.

All the figures are defaced except

Ganesa.

the(Plato XYIIh).

D S. — Sculpture (ht. 1'

9''or 0 m. 533) representing a chapel

in

which

the defaced figure of a four-armed goddess, perhaps Parvati, is seated with aOn the roof squats a male figure (Siirya?), wearing

child on her left knee.

a high tiara, a cuirass(r)and high boots, and holding in each hand an

expanded lotus, that to the left being defaced.

Outside the chapd to theproper right is a two-armed female figure seated on a lotus-cushion, support-

She holds a mirror in her left hand.

ed by a lion facing.

and head are missing.

The right hand
The corresponding figure to the proper left is lost.

Find-place unknown.

D 9.— Image (ht. 1' or 0 m. 303) of Lakshmi (?), the goddess of Fortune,
holding in each hand a lotus on which stands an elephant.

which

is

The sculpture,come from the Karikfdl Tfla (Cf.
Burgess, Buddhist art p. 39, figs. 1-1 and 15.)

much

Guinwedel—

defaced,

is

said

to

D 10.— Statuette (ht. 1' 6i" or 0 m. •!/) of a squatting female deity withacircular halo, holding in her left arm a child, which is seated

and tourh.-s her left breast.
shudder.
issuingtr]

In her left hand she holds a cup

Both figures are defaced.

Behind thechild

on her knee
(?)

rise

over hertwostalks,from the pedestal and carrying each a lotus flowa", naturalisticallyated and projecting from the halo overthe head of the child.

Find-lace unknot n.

D 11.— Statuette (ht. 8 J" or 0 m, 21) representing a squatting female
figure holding on her left hip a child, which touches her breast withhand.

In her right hand she holds an indefinite

object.

The

its

left

idol

was

evidently until lately worshipped, as the faces of both figures are besmearedwith redlead.

The carving is rude and muchdefaced.

It

is

said

to

originate from the Kankfdl Tlla.

D 12.— Image (ht. 2' 9" or 0 m. S3) of the eight-armed goddess Durga
slaying the Buffalo

demon (Skr. Muhlshasura). She wears a double
The right arms which are provided with bracelets

necklace and flat ear-rings.

Plail XVII.

(

are partly broken.

y<Two hold a snake

)

(

')

over her head; the second

third arm are broken; the fourth holds a sword ('.).

andWith one left hand she

demon whom she is piercing with a
The arm holding the weapon is broken. The sculpture which is

clasps the tail of the buffalo-shaped
trident.

of very inferior workmanship is said to originate from the Kaukfili Tlla.

I

found it broken in two pieces, which have now been re-fix-.d.

D 13. — Fragment (he. 1' 4" or 0 m. 405; consisting of th

.

left

kg of aseated male image of natural size wearing a loin cloth and a liug round its

On his thigh a female

ankle.

remains.

figure is seated of which only the lower half

The sculpture probably represents Siva holding Parvatl.

Itissaid to originate from the Kankall Tlla.

D 14. — Statuette (ht. 7J-" or 0 m. 183) representing Siva and Parvatl
seatedon the bull Xaud:.

Siva is four-armed aud holds in one of his rightarms a trident and in one of his left arms a cobra.

Paivati holds in her left

hand a mirror her right arm is laid rouud Siva's neck.
:the main group is a squatting figurine.

On both sides ofThat to the proper right is Clanesa;

that to the left is probably the god ot war, Skanda, holding a lance in his left

hand.

The statuette was presented to the Museum by Mahani Saligrani from
Cawnpoiv who had found it in digging the foundation* ot his house at
Brindabau.

D 1.5.— Statuette (ht. Si" or U m. 21C) of Surya, the Sun-god, standing
between two attending male figures and holding m each hand a full-blown
It was obtained from a Koli who islotus-flower raised over his shoulders.
said to have found it in the Jumna.

D 1G.— Statuette (ht. 7|" or 0 m. 107) ot Surya standing aud holding alotus-flower in each hand.
1)17.— Statuette (ht. Si" or 0 m. 21G) of Sri or Lakshml,

thegoddessof luck, standing with her right hand raised to the shoulder and holding

her left hand a flower.

m

On both sides of her head are the' usual figurines ofelephants pouring out water over her.

It was present

d by Mahant Sahgramof Cawnpore who had found it in digging the foundations of his house atPrindaban.

D 18.— Figurine (ht. -3" or 0 m. 127.1, rudely carved, of * malesitting to front and holding both hands before his biva-t.

Itpersonwas presented

by Maha.it Saligram of Cawnpore who had found it in digging

th-'founda-tions of his house at Brhidfiban.

D If).— Figurine (ht. 5" or 0 m. 127) of a woman seated to front andholding a child in her left arm.

It

was presented by Mahant Sah-ram of(

Cawnpore who had foundit)digging the foundations

inot hishouse at.

Brindfiban.

D20. — Figure (lit. 4'

V or

1

m. 289) of a three-faced, four-armed male

The arms with the attributes are broken.

deity, standing on a lotus.

the proper left are traces of a miiiiacure att endant figure.

buff-coloured sandstone and the style modern.

It

The materialToisprobably belongs to ther

JIuhammadan period.

J hesculpture is said to represent Dattatrcya oneof the twenty-tour in -amadous of

Vi-.hi.iu.

It

was obtained by Pandit

Kadha Krishna from the Saras vati Kuiidun the Delhi road outside MathuraCity.

On loan from the Government of India.

D 21.— Figure (ht. 3' 9" or 1 m. ITS) of Vishnu standing on a lotu-.
The head and four arms with the attributes are broken. On each side of
the main figure are three attendants.
Two, apparently a male and a female,are kneeling in front;

possibly they represent the donors of the sculpture.

Behind them two malefigures

attributes, the conch (Skr.

arestanding which hold two of Vishnu'siahkhu) and the wheel (Skr. chakra).

The tworemaining figurines are a male and a female occupying the two recessed endsof the front face and each holding a lotus-stalk.

Over the two last -mentioned

figures we notice the decorative device of theleogryph on the elephant,

originally meant as a bracket supporting the projecting ends of the back of

the throne.

The leogryphs are surmounted by mo kara heads, over which

are figurines of Brahma to the proper tight and Siva to the left, each accom-

panied by a female attendant.

It should bo remembered that Brahma andSiva form with Vishnu the TritnurH or Hindu Trinity.

The top of the slab is carved with a row of miniature figures, of which
the two seated on each end seem to be Brahmanicalothers represent the ten avatnras of Vishnu.
right we notice

:

—

1.

ascetics,

whereas the

Beginning from the proper

The fish, 2. the tortoise with two

figureschurning

the ocean, 3. the boar, i. the man-lion disemboweling the demon Hirauva-ka§ipu,y.

the dwarf,

10. Kalki (the6.

Parasuriima, 7. Rama. 8. Krishna, 9. Buddha andfuture incarnation) on horseback.

The sculpture was obtained by Pandit Radha Krishna from the village
Gantyauli 1 mile east ot Govardhan.

On loan from the Government of India.

D 22.— Sculpture (ht. 1' 10'' or 0 m. ,376) in buff-coloured sandstone
representing Brahma, the Creator, and Sarasvatl, the goddessof Wisdom,
on a lotus-flower, his right and her left foot being placed on small
lotuses which spring from a common stalk.
Between these two lotuses

seatedwe notice a pair of geese, of which the one to the proper left is broken
Of Brahma's four faces only three are vi-ible, as the fourth is supposed to
be at the lack:the god i- tour-armed.

The two right hands holda staff

M(

and a waterpot which is broken.
neck and waist of Sarasvati
Veda.

Sarasvati has;)

The two left arms are slung round theone ot the left hands holds a manuscript of thea miiror in her leftround the neck of her consort.

arm

hand, her right

is

laid

The two lower corners of the carved surface

are occupied by two male devotees, standing in the attitude of adoration.

In each of the two upper corners is a Gandharva carrying a garland andaccompanied by an Apsaras, both figures projecting from a cloud.

The

sculpture, judging fromIt iswell-preserved,

its style, isof comparatively ivcent date.

except for the breakage of the right leg of the male figure.

Pandit Radha Krishna purchased the sculpture at Mahaban.

On loan fromthe Government of India.

D 23.— Sculpture (ht. V 10|" or 0 m. 50) in buff-coloured sandstone
He wears the usual ornament

representing Vishnu standing on a lotus.

and a hightiara.

Behind his head is a halo shaped

god are three figurines of attendants.

ia conventional

On each side of theHis four arms with the emblems are broken.

lotus.

like

Two of these, a male and a female,
Two malewhich are kneeling in front possibly represent human devotees.
figures standing

behind them carry a conch and a wheel, two of Vidrnu's

The two remaining

emblems.

recessed ends of the slab,

male figureismale and female, occupy the

figurines,

and seem each to carry aperhaps a Naga.

\\e notice two leogryphs oi the usual type and over the 3 e

Brahma
as

lotus

The

flower.

Over the last-mentioned pair of figures

to the proper right and Siva to the proper left.

two seated deities;

These two god-;,remarked above, form with Vishnu the Hindu Trinity or Trimurti.

The sculpture is well preserved. It was obtained by Pandit Radha Krishnafrom the Askunda Ghat in Mathura City. On loan from the Government ot
India.

D 24. — Sculpture (ht. 2 7" or 0 m. 812) representing Agni
of fire with a halo of flames, standing between two miniature

which

the

jiointed

one to the right has a goat's head.

beard

The central

and holds a bag {'.) in his left hand.

('<),

the

god

attendants offigurehas a

On each side of his

The sculpture was obtained
from Narad Kund, a mined tank between Radha Kund and Govardhart,
head

is

a flying figure carrying a garland.

whore it was being worshipped as Narad.

On loan from the Government ofIndia.

D 25.— Statuette (ht. 1' 21" or 0 m. 38) of the goddess Durga with
her infant son Karttikeya seated on her left knee.
issitting in front.

Her vehicle, the lion,

Behind the head of the goddess is a halointhe shapeof a conventional flower, to the proper right of which we notice an anirnal-

h jaded female

figurecrouching on a lotus-flower.

The upper

left

corn

:

100

(

of

slab

the

The sculpture was obtained by Pandit Kadha

broken.

is)

On loan ftom the Government of India.

Krishna from Mahiiban.

D 2G.— Slab (lit. 4' 9i» or 1 m. 30) carved with a figure of Krishna
standing to front and lifting with hi-, left hand Mount Govardhan on which

At his feet are a cow and a

two parrots and four peacocks are walking.

human figurine standing with both hands in front of the breast.

The two

on both sides of the deity are carved with a seriesraised vertical borders

Theof fourteen small panels, containing various figurines and symbols.

upper four show the attributes of Vishnu:

the lotus, the couch,On the remaining panels we notice to theand the wheel.

mace

the

proper right

Balarama, KyLhwa's elder brother carrying a plough, a Brahmin with arosaryand astaff,

Kadamba (!) tree.

two female figures (perhaps

milk-maids) and the

The lowermost panel on the proper left side represents

the milk-churn of Yasodha, the foster-motherof Krishna.

The figures

above I am unable to identify with certainty.

Judging from the freshness
caning, the sculptureisof the stone andfrom thenot earlier than the Mughal p-riod.

cularly the cusped arch above the main figure.

styloof theXoteparti-

It was obtained by Pandit

Kadha Krishna from the village of Hans Ganj on the left bank of the Jamna

On loan from the Government of India.

opposite the City.

D 27.— Statue (ht. 6' 7" or 2 in. 07
size

representing

left

foot

Hanuman{'.),;width 1' 0" or 0 in. 471) of colossal

the monkey hero.

He is standing with his

on a prostrate female figure, the head of which

is lost.

The

left

kg of the god and his right arm which is raised above the head are broken
with the top of the slab.

The

A flying figuic carrying a garland is shown above.

statue was obtained by Pandit Kadha Krishna fromthe village ofParkham, 14 miles south of Mathura on the Grand Trunk Koad, whichalso

On loan from the Government

yielded the inscribed colossal figure Xo. C 1.
t,f India.

D 28.— Statuette (ht. Ill
three-headtd, thesymbolicof theincarnations.

sideones being thoseof theofof aVista; uboarstanding.

He isand lion, evidently

Varoha) and Man-lion(Skr.

No.vasimha)

usual four arms of the god

arebroken.

Boar (Skr.

Tworemaining two

or 0 in. 202)

hold a conch

Theand a wheel, placed on the heads of two

The sculpture was acquired by Pandit Kadha
Krishna from the same spot as C 14. On loan from the Government of India.
miniature male attendants.

D 29. — Sculpture (ht. 10" or 0 m. 268) apparently representing Vishnu
standing with three attendants on each side.
defacedthe City.

was obtained by Pai.dit Radhi

The sculpture which is much

Krishna from a weaver (Kol')

On loan from the Government of India.

inPlati.

StaTI'KTTK OF VlsHNL*.

XVIII.

101

(

)

D 30— SI.— Two figurines (Tit. 8" orO m. 21) of Hindu ascetic seatedand holding a rosary with both hands in front of the breast.
The two figures which are apparently modern were obtained bv Pandit

cross-legged

Eadha Krishna from Mah.iban.

One of them is defaced. On loan from theGovernment of India.

*D 32 —Stele (ht. 3' or 0 m. 942', broken in two, with a rudely carved
figureof the eiyht-armcd goddess Durga standing with her right foot on

her vehicle, the lion, and with the left on the prostrate Buffalo demon (Skr.

Mahishasura).

The figurineof a warriorain human shape.

demon

probably represents the same

between these two

Theanimals

stone bears

Nagarl inscription: Pudya Gosuhh-j't over which there are traces ofa line in characters of an earlier

period.

The stone was obtained fromthe village of Midhauli, Sa'adabadpar^cr/ia.

On loan from the Governmentof India.

D 33.— Statuette (ht. 7|" orO m. 197) of Surya standing with a lotusPurchased in Mathura City.

flower in each hand.

On loan from the Gov-

ernment of India.

D 34.— Statuette (ht. 6¥' or 0 m. 164) of Vishnu standing between two
attendants.

The sculpture is water-worn. Purchased at Mathura.

On loanfrom the Government of India.

D 35. — Sculpture (ht. 2' 41" or 0 m. 745) in blue schist representing
Yishnu between two female attendants, each standing on a conventional
lotus. The god wears a high conical diadem (Skr. mukufa, hirVn), a breastjewel (Skr. kauxtubhu) attachedthread, an elaborate girdle

on the chest and the thighs.

his usual emblems

right hands
left

an

elaborate

necklace, a

The folds of the drapery of his two garments

the knees.
indicatedto:sacredand a long garland reaching down beneathHeisare only slightly

four-armed and holds

the mace (gadu) and the lotus flower (padma)

and the wheel {chakrt)

and the eoneh-shellin his{iahkh") in his

Of the two female attendants, that to the right of the central
raises her right hand and holds the stalk of a lotus (podma) in her

hands.

figureThe other plays the lute (vino-). In front of the lotus-flower on which
Garuda between two kneeling devotees,
who
carry
vases of offerings.
female,and
The Garuda isapparently maleleft.

"Vishnu stands are three figurines

defacedfine;for the:rest the sculpture is inexcellent preservation.

specimen of mediaeval Brahmanical art.

It wasItisapurchased from aresident of Brindaban in December 1°08 and is said to have been foundin the vicinity of that town.

(Plate XVlIIj,

On loan from the Governmentof India.

102(

T> 3(5.— Whitethe)marble statuette (ht. 1' 51" or 0 m. 458) of Balar.lma

He is standing with his right hand raisedelder brother of Krishna.

Over his head

and with a cup in the left.

a serpent-hood of sevenissnake-heads which is beliuved to refer to the circumstance of his being an
incarnationof thoworld-snake

A comparison with Nos.

Sesha-iriga.

C 13 — 15 will, however, make it quite clear that the modern representaThe

statuette,

which is modern, was purchased at Brindaban in December 1908.

On loantions of

Balarama are copied from ancient Nfiga

figures.

from the Government of India.

D 37. — Sculpture (ht. 2

'

10

''

or 0 m. 862) of buff coloured sandstone,

representing the four-armed Vishnu apparently
seated cross-legged on a lotus-seat.

in

the

Buddha avahlra

He holds thj mace (gadn)

and thewheel (cht'kro), whilst the two remaining hands are resting on his lap
the attitude of meditation.

He has long locks and wears a high, elaborately

carved tiara, ear p?ndants, a double necklace, a breast jewel
bracelets

roundarms andhisawrists,garland hanging down on his lotus-seat.
of miniature figures

:

in

in

the

centrea

Beneath the Ictus-scat is a groupfemaleto front with hands joined in adoration, on(kausfubhn),

brahmanical thread and a long

figurine

seated cross-legged

each side of it two Niigas withserpent tail and triple snakehood, which likewise join thiir hands inattitude of wor?hip, and at the ends two kneeling figures, male andthefemale,which probably represent the donors of the sculpture.

Next we notice four attendant figures of somewhat larger size standing
on both sides of Vishnu's lotus-throne, two to the right and two to the left.
That on the extreme proper right is a female, the others are male. They
hold Vishnu's attributes:

the lotus-flower (padma), the conch (smilcka), theThe projecting ends ofVishnu'sthrone are supported by rampant leogrvphs standing
the bar ofon elephants, whilst they are surmounted by makara heads on whichwheel (chaJcra), whilst the fourth holds a cobra.

female musicians are standing.

Behind Vishnu's headdress we notice a decorative halo shaped
full-blown lotus-flower.

ing chapels supported on a pair of dwarf pillars

They containlike aOn both sides of it and above it are three projectwith

seated figures of thebogryphs rampant.

three groat gods
Brahma, Vishnu
and Siva who form the Hindu Trinity (frimtirti). Vishnu occupies thecentre, Brahma the proper right and Siva the proper left side.
Each of:these figures is four-armed and holds the usualof thecentral chapelcelestials.

there

is

a groupattributes.

of flying

On both sides

and garland-carrying

103

(

The sculpture was found)mound nearin ain Mathurfi City together with nos. D 38-12.

Gatasram Temple

theEvidently they belonged

a Vishnu temple which was destroyed by the Muhammadans.

toOn loan fromthe Government of India.

D 38.— Sculpture flit.

1 'if or 0 m. 425) of buff sandstone repre-

senting Vishnu standing on a lotu*.

arms are broken.

The

trad is lost and two of the fore-

hands he holds a mace and a
To his left stand three miniature male figures, of which two hold aconch and a cobra respectively. The corresponding figurines on the proper
In the remaining two

wheel.

right are lost.

On both sides of the slab we notice the usual leogryph (proper

right broken) and m«h.iva, whereas the top is occupied by seated figurinesof Brahma and Siva, forming with th? main figure the Hindu Trinity (Skr.
trimurti).

D 37. On loan from the Government of

Cf. above sub no.

India.

D 39.— Sculpture(ht.

evidently a counterpart of no.
its two right hands are lost11" or 0

1'

D 33.

m.

343)

buff sandstone,of

The mrin figure is four-armed, but
The left hands hold anwith tli3 attributes.

ornamental wheel and a mac?.

There can, therefore

the image represents Vishnu, but

from

,

be

doubt thatlittlecorpulence I infer that

its

it

is

Th head of the figure is lostand likewise the feet with the lower portion of th" slab. On both sidis
meant for Vishnu,. in the Dwarf incarnation.

1

we notice the leogryph aud male ira ornament, and in the top portion seatedfigurines of Brahnn and Siva similar to those found on no.

D 38.

On loanfrom the Government of India.

D 40. — Fragment (1' 61" or 0 m. 409)

forming the lower portion ofa large image slab which probably represented Vishnu standing
surrounded by the usual attendants.
remain.

now

To his lAt there were three standing figures, of which only one ispreserved, who holds a lotus-flower,

one of Vishnu's four attributes.

second holds a cobra in both hands.

In

front

of

the

female figurine is seated with hands joined in adoration.
ing figure to the proper right only thno.

on a lotus

Of the main figure only the ilet

•

legs

are

extant.

first

The

attendant a

Of a corie-pondCf.

alove subD 37. On loan from the Government of India.
D 41. — Two fragments (ht. 1' or 0 in 3)4) containing a lr ad withlotus-shaped halo and high head-dress whi -h probably belonged to a figureof Siva.

This may be inferred from the frontal ev•

and from

which is paitry preserved.

Behind it there is a figurine

faced (thesupposedfourth

face

is

is

the tiideutof Brahma three-

to be at the back) and

four-armed.

He is seated on a goose and holds his usual attributes— a staff, a rosary,

101

(

a book and a waterTovessel.

standing or a mahara head.

)his right

wenotice a skeleton (?) figure

Cf. above sub no.

D 37. On loan from theGovernment of India.

D 42. —Fragment (ht. 7 V' or 0 m. 19) of an image slab containing
three attendant
lotus-flower infiguresher

leftstanding,of which the second, a female, holds a

hand.

above sub no.

Cf.

D 37. On loan fromthe Government of India.

D 43.—Image (ht. 3' 2" or C m. 8G4) of buff-eolomvd sandstone,
He is four -armed and holds a trident (trisilla),(chakra) and a rosary (nkshamula).
He

representing Siva seated.
atabor {damo.ru), a wheel

wears his hair tied up in a top -knot (jatfi) and has cobras serving as ear-and bracelets.

rings, diadem, necklace

Small cobras support his knees.

His forehead is marked with the frontal eve, a crescent and a sect mark(tilaka).

He wears a necklace of human heads.

The sculpture is of inferior workmanship and evidently of a late date.
On loan from theIt came from a lugh'tchn near the Bhutesar mound.

Government of India.

D 44.— Image (ht.
right knee raised.

and a tabor.
eve.

2'

1"

or 0

m. 636) of Siva seat.d withhis

He is four-armed and holds a trident, a rosary, a wheel

His foreheadismarked with the

crescent

and thefrontalHe wears his hair tied up in a top-knot and has cobras serving him
Round his neck is also

as a necklace, ear-iings and bracelts.

human heads.

very similar to No.

Th. sculpturejbelongs to a late date.

isastring of

D 43 and evidently

On loan from the Government of India.

D 4-j.— Sculpture (ht. 2'

9''or 0 m. 838)

much defaced, representing Surya,of buff-coloured sandstone,

the Sun-god, seated on his

chariot

drawn by seven horses, Between his feet the figure of Aruna, the charioteer,is still traceable and at the sides two other figures too much worn to be
identified.

Two female attendant>,

one of which holds a lotus-flower, standon both sid s of the chariot.

The sculpture which is of the m 'dia:val type was obtained from the\illage of Dhangaon, 7 miles west of the City south of the Bharatpur road.
On loan from the Government of India.

D 46.— Slab (ht. 2' 9" or 0 m. 834) with a corpulent figure of Surya,
the Sun-god, seated squatting on a chariot

holds in each hand an indistinct object, probably

long lo:ks and wears a torque round his neck.

is

the

a lotus-flower.

It is des rving of note thatwings, as we find in Garuda figures.
number of horses which corresponds withhis shoulders are provided with small

Another point of interest

He
He hasdrawn by four horses.

(

105

at

Bodh-Gayafound on a railing-pillar

that

sculptures the)lwhereas,inmediaevalchariot of Surya is invariably drawn by seven horses.

Kushana period.

present sculpture belongs to thethe Saptasamudii well,

f-

It

The

was extracted frommile south of the City and was presented to theMuseum by Pandit Earn Chand, HeadClerk, Collector's office.

On loanfrom the Government of India.

D

47.

— Sculpture

1'

(ht.

standing and balancing

8i"

0 m.

or

Krishna52) representing

Mount Guvardhan on the ralm of his left hand.

On each side is a

He wears a long garland and heavy ear-pendants.

dwarf-life figure standing with both hands resting on a club and surmounted

by two cows one placed over theThe

oth_r.

sculptureisinteresting as

the earliest representation of Krishna hitherto found at Mathura.

from a mound near the

Obtained

temple of Gatasram Narayan in the heart ofOn

when the foundations of a new building were laid.
loan from the Government of India.
Mathuracity,

D 48.*—Statuette (ht. 7|

7

or 0 m. 197) of the Sun-god Surya seated on

his chariot drawn by seven horses.

Obtained from a boatman who is said tohave found it in the liver Janinii.

On loan from the Government of India.

D 49 —Figurine (ht. 21" or 0 m. OGo) of black marble representing
Obtained together

Jaganmltha, vie, Krishna, Subhadrii and Balabhadra.
with previous number.

On loan from the Government of India.

D 50. — Group (ht. 4^" or 0 m. 107) consisting of Krishna uplifting
Mount Govardhan on his left hand, a cow and a calf. Found in thj river
Jamna. On loan from the Government of India.
D 51.— Statuette (ht. 10 7 or 0 m. 253), much defaced, of ParvatI,The goddess
standing between a linga and a miniature figure of Ganefia.
is four-armed and holds a conch (?) with two hands in front of her breast.
In the second right hand she holds what appears
both sides of her headfrom a sadhu,

toresident in a bdgh'icha near

Potra

On

be a ram's head.

are flying garland-carrying celestials.

Obtained

Kund, MathuraCity.

On loan from the Government of India.
*

D 52. — Sculpture (ht. 1' 8i" or 0 m. 52) with sunk panel containing

a three-headed male figure (Brahma?)
there is a Nagarl inscription in two lines

0a [feci] 153[8].

:seated cross-legged.

Under

it

ft)H-Gan[e]$aija. nama[h] 167[3]The sculpture cameloan from the Government of

The date corresponds to A.D.1616.

from the Arjunpura Tlla in the

City.

On

India.
1

J.

I'ouohec,

It, A,

V art grico-bo uddhique da Gandhara, pages 20G

£

figs,

62 and 63 ; also

8. for 1008, pages 1096 f, plate IV and Si-gv.-iii (traml. Beal), vol, I, r- 83.

100

(

)

D 53.— Fragment (ht. JO\" or 0 in. 20t'!) containing two staiulintr
figurines— a corpulent male figure holding- a conch and a fl male w itli a lulu—
flower in her

left

hand.

Th.-

iragm. nt

From Manohari ur Mahallaimao-e.

p<lhap belong d

On

Cuv.

the

in

Government of India.

D 54. -Sculpture (ht. V:>"

or 0 m. Ss:

length

V

W

to

a

loan

Yi-hnuJ'rom

or 0 m.

"

t

the

.172)

probably the top portion ut a large Yi-hmi imago cut. lining

time chapels

with figurine? of Bralnnj, Yi-hnu and Sivn.

otchapel we notice a
flying celestial-.
incr the ninearemissing.

both

>n

(

- i< t< s

the central

femalo attendant earning a fly-'wliUk and one or two

Beneath the chapeK there K arow

Gruhas and the ten A>:at~tr<'s. l>ut on

1>. >tnt

figures repr. -.-nt-

h -ides -oycral figures

Of the Grab's, uhi-h occupy the proper

following aie preserved

:

right

tortoi-e,the dwarf.

Mo-t of the figur. - arc defaced.

by Pandit

Radha Kri-hna from

the

the

The A'-aU'ir is

Sukra. Sanii -hara. Kfdiu and Ketu.

which are preserved are the ti-h, the>\>h;the boar, the man-lion ami

The sculpture was obtained

Manoharpur MahalLt

in' theCity.

On loan from the Government ot India.

D

~.o.

Kri-hna—Figuiine

upliftingwest from Mathura,

(ht.

Mount

41"

or

0 m.

G'lvardh.-m,12) of a enw

From Hakimpurwith a calf and(j

On loan from the Government cf India.

miles south-

—

107

(

)

Miscellaneous Images.

E.

E 1.— Statuette (ht. 1' Si" or 0 m. 303) of the goat-headed god Nemesli
Eight arm andor Naigamesa ^ho presides over child-birth.

knee missing.

In his left hand he holds two children hanging down along

Besides, there was on each of his shoulders a figure of which

his thigh.

onlylegs beneaththe logs arc

belongs to the Kushana period.
Tila (Cf. A. S. B. Vol.

Judging from thetraceable.

still

It is said

XX, plate IV, 5

tothe Kankall

originate from; Biihler.

Ep. lad. Vol. II, p. 314,

Smith, Jain Stopa, plate XVIII.

plate II ; and V. A.

the statuette

style,

Cf. J. R. A. S., for1895 p. 153).

E 2. — Figure

1'

(ht.

4" or 0 m. -405) of a goat-headed

goddess withprominent breasts holding with her left hand a pillow (') on which a malechild (defaced) is lying with hands

joined on

shoulder.

(Cf. A. 8,

The right handits breast.

of the goat-headed figure is broken, but seems to havebeen raised to the

R. Vol. XX, plate IV, 2).

E 3. — Fragment (ht. 1' j" or 0 in. 315) of a goat-headed
prominent breasts over which
replica of no. E2.

ais

E 4 — Fragment (ht.
her left hand a pillow (?)

1'
}

1''

The figure

necklace.

It is said to oiiginate

goddess withisevidently afrom the Kankfdl Tila.

or 0 m. 333)

of a female figure holding withlaced in her lap.

On it a male infant is lvimr,

which she seems to fan with her right hand, which is broken.

The sculp-

ture was obtained by Mr. Growse from the Mauoharpur Quarter of the City
(J. A. S. B. Vol.

XLVII(1878), Pait I, p. 120

plate XX.

;

Cf. A. S .R.

Vol. XX, plate IV, 3).

E 5.— Fragment (lit. Hi" or 0 m. 292) of a seated female figure ofwhich only theleft leg

which an infant is lying.

and left hand remain.

She holds a cradle (0 on

On both sides of her feet is a crouching figure.

The fragment was obtained from Arjunpura Mahalla inPedestal defaced.

Mathurfi City.

E C— Image (ht. 3' 7" or 1 m. 09) of a' standing male deity, perhaps
a Bodhisattva, wearing an elaborate diadem and profuse ornaments.
lower portion of the figure is missing.

nude, the lower half
girdle.

is

clad

in

a

The
The upper portion of the body is

dhoti tied to the loins by means of a

A garland hangs down along the arms, which are broken off at
From the left shoulder a double cord interlaced with asoka (?)
runs down along the breast towards the knee. The figure was

the elbows.
flowers

originally provided with a circular halo,% iaible atthe back.

Kushana period.

Judging fromits

the lower portion of w-hich is still
style,

Its find-place is unknown,thefigurebelongs

to

the

.

108

(

)

E 7.— Image (lit. 3' 7" or 1 m. 09) of a standing male figure.

It

has

and a bracelet

an elaborate head-dress, heavy car-ring?, a double necklace

and wears a dhuii and a scarf, thrown over the left shoulder. The lower
portion of the image beneath the knees and the right arm arc missing.

The

left

hand

holds

an ornamental

carved in the round, from whichit

Judging fromits

nor a snake hood.
period.

considerably injured, resting

The figure

Possibly it belonged to an umbrella.

against the left shoulder.
isstaff,

appears thatstyle,

itit

had neither a halo

belongs totheKushana

Its find-place is unknown.

E 8. — Fragment (ht. 2' 3" or 0 in. 733) of a standing male figure holding a bunch of lotusas in his right hand and a garland under his left arm.

The figure is clad in a dliutl tied round thewhich a scarf is bound.

Kushana period.

waist with aflatgirdle overJudging from the style, the figure belongs

to theFind-place unknown.

E 9. — Bust (ht. 2' 4" or 0 in. 711) of a male figure wearing a turban
heavy earrings.

andCar-singmuchdefaced.

PanditEadha Krishna

found this sculpture let into the wall of the house of a Chainar inside the

Bharatpur Gate and secured it for the Museum.

E 10.— Fragment (ht.

1'

S"

or

0

m. 523) consistingof tli3

rightshoulder of a colossal image, with a necklace, a garland and a double bracelet
It was standing inround the tipper part of the arm.
Collector's bungalow and was madethe compound of theover to the Museum by Mrs. Last in

January 1908.

E 11. — Fragment (ht. 8 Y or 0 m. 222) of a male figure standing tofront with a garland in his right and a flower-offering in his left hand

Find-place unknown.

E 12.— Statue (ht. 3' 10" or 0 m. 204) of a male deity standing withhis left hand resting on his hip.

Both arms are broken and the figure is

The feet and pedestal are missing. It had evidently
Judging from the style,but
thatto the proper right is lost.
heads,
threeotherwise damaged.

the image seems to belong to the Kushana period.

It is of interest as the

only polycephalic image which can be attributed to that epoch.

It wasfound by Pandit Radha Krishna at the village of Bhadar 9 miles north-westof Mathura City, but, according to local tradition, it

came from Chaumuha

where it was worshipped as the four-faced Brahma.

On loan from the Gov-

ernment of India.

E 13. — Statuette (ht. 1' G" or 0 m.

471),

carved in theround, of amale standing with his right hand raised in front of his shoulder and holdHe wears the usual ornaments, a
staff or spear in his left hand.

ing a

109

(

)

dhoti fastened to the loins by means of a

The headover the left shoulder and arm.

flat girdle,
is

and a

mutilated and the feet areThis sculpture belongs to the Kushara period.

missing.

scarf thrown

It was purchased

On loan from the Government

by Pandit Radha Krishna in Mathura City.
of India.

E 14.

—Torsofigure standing.

1'
7J" or 0 m. 511), carved in the round, of a malewears
a dhoti fastened to the loins by means of a
He

(ht.

flat girdle tied in a knot

His necklace is fastened

above the left thigh.

the bai with a pair of flat bands.

onPart of a garland is visible on the back.

The sculpture was acquired by Pandit Radha Krishna from thevillage

On loan fromof Khiimni 6 miles west of Mathura on the GGvardhan road.

the Government of India.

E 15.

— SculptureoV or 0 m. 144) with a square panel containing(ht.

two hfdf-figures, male and female, the former holding a cup in his righthand.

Obtained from the village Garni between Ganesra and Sitoha.

The

On loanfromsculptuz-e was placed over a burixl double-headed hatchet.

the Government of India.

E 16. — Sculpture
to proper rightis seated

2' 5" or 0 in.

(ht.

and female

on a rectangular block with

lii s

l.-ft

The female

indistinct object in his left hand.

hand raised to thi shoulder.

730) with two seated figures, maleproper left, both defaced.

tois

The male figure

leg drawn up and holds an

crouching with her rightObtained from the village of Usphahfir.

Onloan from the Government of India.

E 17. — Figurine (ht.

10|" or 0 m. 265) of a bird probably meant fer

Garuda, the bird of Vishnu.

Very clumsily carved.

Museum from the Joint Magistrate's bungalow.
E 18. Figurine (ht. 4}" or 0 m. 115) of a bird—

It was brought to theprobably meantfor

Garuda.

E 19.— Figurine (ht. V 3V or 0 m. 395) of a Garuda holding a

cobra

in its beak.

* E 20.— Two fragments(ht.

1" or 0 m. 94)

3'makingthe lower

half of a female figure, carved in the round, standing with herleft handon her hip. She wears a short petticoat and a loose garment
hanging down from her left arm. On the pedestal there is a fragmentary

placedinscription in three lines

which I read

:

—

(1)

syn [n]uuli*h]k:i[?yri](2)

etzsya purv-iye Mjilhurikal-xvadip(3)

ye Tusaye pxtima

The sculpture, together with nos. E 21
site 1 mile west of thevillage

of

Mora

....

— 23, was obtained from an ancient

(of.

sub

Q 7).

These fragments

no

(

)

were found lying near the remains of a brick temple, in which evidently

On loan from the Government of India.

they were originally enshrined.

E 21. — Torso dit. 3' or 0 m. 914) of a corpulent male figure, standing,carved intheHead, arms andround.

feet

He

lost.

wears

a heavy

necklace tied in a knot at the back, a flat girdle and a shawl tied round theFrom the 3lGra site.

legs.

Cf. above

sub No.

On loan from tho

E 20.

Government of India.

E 22. — Torso (ht. 2' 3" or 0 m. 6SG) of a male figure, standing, carved
Head, arms and feet lost. He wears a double necklace

in th.3 round.

fastened in front by means of a clasp, a dhot' hold to the loins with agirdle and a shawl tied round thelegs.

From the Mora site.

Cf.

above

On loan from the Government of India.

sub No. E 20.

E 23. — Pedestal (ht. 2' or 0 m. Gl) of a standing statue, of which only
Fiom th? site of Mora. Cf. above sub E 20. On

the feet now remain.

loan from the Government of India.

E 2-i.— Torso (ht. 1' 9" or 0 m. 533} of a male figure, carved in theround but very

flat,

wearing a torque, a necklace and a long garland andholding in his left hand a thunderbolt (vrijra) with

The sculpture appears to belong tosides.

acquired at the village of Tarsi

six

miles

prong on both

triplethe Kushara period.

Jt wasfrom Mathura on the read to

On loan from the Government of India.
E 25. — Figure (ht. 2' 5" or 0 m. 737) of a male, standing, clad intunic, trousers and boots.
He holds a bunch of
Indo-Scythiai! dre»->Bharatpur.
*:

lotus-flowers in his right hand and an indistinct

object

in

his

left

hand.

Heart lost.

On th.- base is an inscription, in two lines, too much obliterated to be
deciphered.

It appears

tobedated s'lmvataare 4-

therefore belong to die reign of Huvishka.

th',tho sculpture would

It was found in a

Brindlbau road about 11 miles from Mathura.

bugh'cha on

On loan from theGovernment of India.

E 26.— Figurine

(ht.

fi"

or

Bharatuur Gate of Mathura City

E 27.
face

with

.

0 m. 153) ofaram

standing.

Sculpture (ht. 12V' or 0 m. 32) carved on the front andtwofigures,male andFrom

On loan from the Government of India.
female, standing.

back

In ona instance tho

female is looking in a mirror and flu male seems to assist her in her toilet.

On the rev.-r-e the f male is dressing her hair and the male seems toa bunch of flowers and a garland.

Tenons in top and bottom

holdof stone.

On loan from tlv Government of India.
E 28. — Figurine (ht. 6Y' or 0 in. 105) of a male standing with hancte
On loan from the Government of India.
folded.

Plate XIX.

111

(

)

F.— Female Images

F 1. —

1.

Sculpture (lit. 8' 8" or 0 in. 51) carved on both faces with the figureof a galloping Cmalo centaur ridden by a male with floating garments who

daggerahoi' Isin his

(?)

left

The

hand.

centauress wears round herneck a garland, which she holds by one hand, besides bracelets and a flat girdle.

Her horsj-shaped body is disproportionately elongated. Below is a palm-leaf
which is continued on one of the narrow sides of the stone. The sculpture
was preserved at the Allahabad Public Library till December 1907 and probably came from the Jamfdpur sit i.
31.

Foucher has drawn att .union to two medallions on the railing of thesmall *tupa of Slnchi.

One represents a centaur and th? other a centauress

which carry a woman and a man respectively.

Willi these he compares the

Machura sculpture just described, which seems

toOld-Indian examples.

be derived from such

(Foucher, L'art greco-boiuhlhique, p. 211).

F 2. — Fragment (lit. 2' 5" or Om. 734) of a seulpture carved on bothfaces
On one fa~o is th? nearly life-size figure of a female deity, identiOver the head, now
fied by Cunningham as "Queen of the Xagas."defaced, is the remnant

which once must have consistedof a Naga-hood,

Both arms are broken off near the elbow and overarm a scarf is thrown. The right hand is raised towards the
The headhead, but th.' re is nothing to show what was her attitude.
of nine snake heads.

the

left

is surrounded by a large

circular halo, of which only the lower half is extant.

From

female figures,itradiatenuga-kanya).

five

presumably snake-maidens (Skr.

The lower portion of theirbodiesishidden by the main

figure, according to Cunningham, " to avoid the representation of the snaky

however, be noticed that the figure

lower extremities."

It will,proper l.-ft side,

head of which is preserved, has no snake-hood.

tli3

to the

The central and two adjoining figures are almost entirely destroyed.
Evidently they were nude to the waist, and wore a broad girdle' to which
Their dress is the same as that of the figuresa loin-cloth was attached.

on the railing-pillars. Of the figure to the proper right side the headand hands are missing. That to the proper left is well preserved. The
This figure has
forehead, nose, chin and right breast are slightly damaged.
a very elaborate hair dress.

where

it.

is

The hair is drawn flat mcr the top of the head

kept down by a narrow band, and collected at the backheavy chignons.

On theof the shoulders shm threepalms of the hands which are raised totlie height

carries two bowls, from each of which rises a cobra

The bowl to the left is defaced, and that to the right slightly damaged.
Other female images are included iu section D.

(').

112

(

)

On the reverse is an ahha tree, rawed in very shallow relief.
trunk

a stripedi^squirrel ascending.

style of the tree is similar(No. F 11).

of

that

to

On itsCunningham remarks that " the

the

ba"k

of

a group from Kota "Find-place unknown.

(Plate XIX.

A.S.R., Vol. XX, pp. 34-33 and 3S

Cf.

F 3.— Slab (ht. o'lO" or 1 m.

plate

;

105) showing throj standingIII.)

figuresin relief, much worn.

The central one is a female, evid.jntlv a Xagi with ahood of five snake-heads. The upper portion of her body is nude and the
Her left hand, draped with a scarf, rests on her hip andlower broken.
Her right hand is laised to the shoulder. She stands
holds a vessel.
between two somewhat larger figures of warriors, each holding a spear in
his left hand and raising his right hand to his shoulder.
Find-place

unknown.

With

this

reliefshouldcomparedbeafragmentary sculpture,from the Kankali Tlla, now preserved in the Lucknow Museum, whichcontainsa female figure and to her

left amale, somewhat larger in size,

The right arm of the female and the head of the male are
and dress are exactly the same as on our sculpture.

holding a staff.

lost, but their attitud}

It isnoteworthy that over theleftshoulder of the woman two figurines

same position as on the group of the "Queen
Xagas " (Xo. F 2 of the Mathura Museum). This leads us toare visible occupying thof theassume that the>centralfigureof thepresent sculpture and that of the

Lucknow fragment also represent a Xaga Queen, guarded by two soldiers,(The Lucknow fragment
is reproduced by V. A. Smith, The
Jain Stupa.
'
plate LXXXYI.)

F 4.— Statuette (ht. V U" or 0 m, 354) of a female (Xagi ?) standing
with her right hand raised in front of her shoulder and holding a vessel (!) inh.T left hand.

Besides the usual ornaments, she wears a short petticoat and;iscarf thrown over the left shoulder.

isprobably a snake-hood.

missing.

The

right

The mutilated canopy over her head
hand is damaged and the feet are

The style of the sculpture is that of the Kushana

this statuette

period.

With

may be compared the central figure of the group Xo. F 3.

F 5. — Image (ht. 5' or 1 m. 57) of a female standing with her left hand
resting on her hip.

Eight arm andfeetbroken.

Thefigurescarf round her left arm anil shoulders, a girdle and the usualItisbroken in two pieces.

It was pointed out

Krishna in the Arjunpura Mahallaoftowears aornaments.

me by Pandit Radha

Mathura City, whereitwas being

worshipped as Kubja, and obtained for the Museum in January 1908.
loan from the Government of India,

On

113

(

F C. — Figure (ht.

orOm.

111''

1'

hand

female standing with her righton herresting

She wears

hip.

)carved013),

raisedtoand thethe shoulder

scarf round

a

of a

in the round,andher back

leftfalling

down from her shoulders, a broad zone round her loins and the usual ornaments. The elaborate head-dress shown on the Lack deserves .special notice.
Judging from thethestyle,

belongs

figureKushanathetoperiod.

It was obtained from a cowherd who is said to have found it near the village

On loanof Akrur, 4 miles north of Mathura City on the Biindaban Eoad.

from the Government of India.

F 7.

—Figure1'(lit.

5" 1 or 0 m. 445), carved in the round, of a female

handstanding with her righthand resting on her
torque andismissing.

left

front ol her shoulder and her leftin

The carving is muchhip.

She wears a

defaced.

hanging down between her

a necklace

thrown over her

raisedbreasts.

A scarf is

The lower portion beneath the knees

shoukLr.

Judging Irom the style, the sculpture belongs to the Kushana

period.

F 8.

—Fragment

portion of a10" or

1'

(ht.

She

female figure.

m.

0

57(3)

consistinglowerof theseated in the European fashion on aisbench and apparently is playing with a child lying on its back in her
itseems that the woman holds with her

child

and puts the forefinger of her rightThe carving is much defaced, but
left

hand the left hand

hand in its mouth.

of thefound by Pandit Badha Krishna in a I'igh'cha

It wasOn loan from the Government of India.

near the Bhutesar Temple.

F 9.— Bu-t
right arm and(ht. 1'lap.

11"

or 0 m. 003 j

of aShe wears

preserved.

halo are partly-

fcmab figure of which theadouble necklace

hanging down between the breasts, heavy earrings and a garland (/) attachedThe nose of the figure is broken.

to her head-dress.

with Xo. F 8 in a Mglucha
On loan from th.' Government of India.

It was foundTemple.

together

F 10. — Fragment (ht. 2' or 0 m. 628)
a female (?) figure wearing the usual(').

The carving is much defaced.

near

the Bhutesar

consisting of the upper

half ofornaments and standing under a treeIt

was purchased by Pandit Badha

Krishna together with the inscribed pedestal No. G42 from a Koli who is said
to haveobtaineditfrom a Brahmin's house in the ullage of Gauesra, 5

On loan lrom the Government of India.

miles north-west of the City.

F 11.— Sculpture (ht.
one face are

two female

portion of thestone.

1'

S"or 0 m.

figures,

They505) carved in the round.

whose

are clad

in

feet

a

are

dh'it'i

lost

held

by means of a broad ornamental girdle, and have a scarfOnwith the lower

round the
tied

loins

round the

-

114

(

)

Thoy seem to carry offerings and are standing under an usaka tree,
The topthe foliage of which is also shown on the reverse of the sculpture.
of the stone is carved in the shape of a calico which makes it probable that
The sculpture was found by General
it served the purpose of a pillar base.
waist.

Cunningham at the village of Kota, three miles to the uorth-w-fet of Mathurii
and sent to the Lahore Museum. It was made over to the Mathura Museum(Cf. A. S. B., Vol. XX, plate III.)by the Panjab Government in July 1905.

F 12. — Bust (ht. 1' 81" or 0 m. 55) of a female figure.
scarf over

the

left

shoulder.

Ear-pendants.

Kushana period. Find-place unknown.
F 13.— Torso (ht. 1' 21" or 0 m. 3GS)
close-fittins:ofArms broken,

falling

femaleaonfigurebreasts,

clad

in

a

bodice, as is still worn round Delhi, covering the waist and the

She wears a double necklace over her

shoulders.

shoulderHair

are tiaces

left

Her right arm, decorated with numerousof a scarf.

bracelets and raised towards the shoulder, holds a

a flower or a fly-whisk.

Over herbreasts.

defaced object, perhaps

Find-place unknown.

F 1-1. — Fragment (ht. I'll" or 0 m.

of theconsisting582)

centralportion of a standing female figure with highly ornamental bead girdle

overwhich a broad flat belt is parsed tied in a double bow, and apparently madeof someisthe thighs.
ft

One of the ends
down midway between

material, which was worth embroidering.

costlyplaced towards the right, while the other hangs

The sculpture must be identical with the fragment of a colossal

male statue wearing a curious bead

girdle,which,

Cun-according toningham, was found in the Kankfdl Tlla before 1871. (A. S. R.,
p. 19, plate XI, A.)

Tel.

Ill,

F 15. — Fragment (lit. 1' 7" or 0 m. IS) consisting of the middle

por-

tion

of a

femaleholding in her
indicated.

left

It is

figurewearing a triple bead girdle round the loins andhand the handle

of aDrapery slightly

fly-whisk ('.).

said to originate from the Kankali Tlla,

F 1G.— Fragment (hi. I'i"or0m.

318)

containing

the

bust

of

a

female with elaborate head-dress and profuse ornaments, who stands under

an asoka tree, and holds on her left hip a child which withtouches her breast andwithright hand she holds a fan (.').

its riglit

its

left

grasps a lock of her hair.

Tenon on the top

of

the

stone,

hand
In herFind-place unknown.

F 17.— Fragment (ht. 9'
femaleor 0 m. 227) containing thefigure playing on a flute.

upper half of a
She wears a flat cap and a scarf thrownover the left shoulder.

Over h.rTenon in top of stone.

Find-place unknown.

isaclusterofconventional flowers.

113

(

)

F 18.— Fragment (lit. 5jj" or 0 m. 145) consisting of 'thefemale figure

bust

of a

playing on a flute and wearing tlu usual ornaments.

The

figure is similar to No. FIT.

Its find-place is unknown.

F 19. — Fragment (lit. 8i" or
female0 m. 215) consisting of thehead of a

figure, with elaborate head-dress, standing under a tree.

Tenon in

Find-place unknown.

top of stone.

F 20.— Stele (lit. Vol/ orOin, 443) carved on two sides with a female
under a tree of which she grasps a branch.

standing

figureFind-place

KankalITila(?).

F 21. — Fragment (ht. 1' 4" or 0m. 44) containing thelower portionof a female figure standing in front of a cluster of lotus-flowers and holding

her girdle with her left hand.

There are traces of a bird perched on her

Find-place Kankall Tila (?).

arm.

F 22.— Fragment (lit. 11" or 0 m. 28) carved with the bust of a female
figure, with elaborate

Tenon

flute.

instanding under a tree and playing ahead-dress,

top of the stone.

Library till December 1907

Itand perhaps

was preserved at the Allahabad
originates

from

the

Jainiilpur

F 23. —Fragment (ht. 10' or 0 m. 252) carved

with

the

bust

of a

female figure standing under an asoka tree, a branch of which she

holds

sit.\

Tenon above.

with her left hand.
LibrarytillIt

was preserved

December 1907 and perhapsatAllahabadtheoriginates from the Jamalpur

site.

F 24.— Fragment (lit. 6" or 0 m.
femah

figure.

The right handa torque round her neck.

is154) consisting of the bustraisedto theIt was preserved at theSheshoulder.

of a

wears

Allahabad Librarytill

December 1907 and perhaps originates from the Janialpur site.

F 25.

— Fragment(ht.

9" or 9 m. 227) carved on bothsides

bust of a female figure standing (?) with her left arm raised.

ground foliage and flowers of atree.

branch of this tree with her left hand.

F 26.— Statuette (lit.
female,the right shoulder.

On back-

The figure presumably grasped

aFind place unknown.

9" or 0 m. 235), broken in two,crouching, with a childwith thein her lap.

Over the left shouleler isrepresentingaHer right hand is raised toa lotus-flower.
The sculp-

probably represents Hariti or some other goddess of abundance andture

fertility.

F 27. — Belief (ht. 1' 3" or 0 m. 38) carved with a female figure, wearing Greek dress and standing to the right with hands folded.
head.

From Mahollpur Ghat

I,

Foliage above

On loan from the Government of India,

116

(

F 28. — Figurine (ht.
stool

)

G" or 0 m. 152) of a female sealed on

With her rightthe left with her right foot placed uii a fout stool.

tohand she holds a goblet which rests on her right knee.

a wicker

From MahOlipur

On loan from the Government of India.

Chati.

F 29. — Figure (ht. 1' 1" or 0 m. S3) of a female standing under aseems to clasp a branch with her right hand.

of which shetree,

She isnude, but for the usual ornaments, and holds an indistinct object in her

Obtained from Manoharpur Mahalla in Mathura City.

hand.

left

On loanfrom the Government of India.

F 30.— Image (ht. 2' 8" or 0 m. 812) of a female
right

;

seatedfertility,

of

tho

goddess

an infant in her lap and four children

front withto

Head anddeity.

arm broken knees damaged. She probably represents

By her right foot is a corpulent figure of which the head
The pedestal
It seems to represent Kubera, the god of wealth.
is lost.
playingchildren,defaced.
The
with
a
group
of
much
sculpture
is carved
between her feet.

isinteresting on account of its close relationship with images of HaritI, theWe may compare particularly thequeen of Yakshas, found in Gandhara,
HaritI

group of the British Museum.

1

Pandit Eadha Krishna obtained

this sculpture from the village Tayapur two miles from Mathura City on theroad to Riiyii, where it was being worshipped as Gftndharl the mother ofthoKauravas.

was said to have been extracted from a well.

It

On loanfrom the Government of India.

F 31.— Relief (ht.
figures seated

to

four

femaleEach holds aOver these figures there is a row of arches suppoi ted

Thj proper right lower corner of the stone is missing with a
Obtained from a bagh'tcha nearconsiderable, portion oi two of the figures.

the

of

front with their feet placed on foot-stools.

child in the left aim.

on brackets.

or 0 m. 47) showing a row

1'

Kaiikall Tilanot

On lean from the Government

far from the City.

of India.

F 32.

— Relief

apparently
All

three

(ht. 1'a XagI,
figures

GV'

or

0 m.

have

their right

portion of the sculpture with the feetsubject

iscontaining a female figure,standing between two warriors

evidently the sameasarmed with spears.

hand raised to the shoulder.
of the threethatfiguivsof no. F 3.

defaced.

Lower
The

The sculpture wasobtained from a b<~fg'cha near th_' ullage- of Girdharpur beyond the Bhutcsar

Mound.

On loan from the Government of India.

F 33.— Head (ht. 1' 2" or 0 m. 354) of a life-size female figure, withelaborate head-dress anda large caning on the proper right side.

1 Cf. Journal of Indian Art, Vol. VIII, no. 62;

piIV, liy

X.

From

(

117

)

ChamnmLi Math at Azampur Rarai throe miles from Mathura on the road'On loan from tho Government of India,

to Delhi.

F 34. — Sculpture (ht. 3' 1" or 0 m.

femab
and

representing three94)

figures seated Co front, side by side, with their feet placed on footstools

each holding a child in various attitudes.

damaged and the carvingisThe figures are all more oriels

They are surmounted by agenerally worn.

projecting cornice, supported on brackets, and decorated

Each arch contains acorresponding with the female figures beneath.
corpulent male half-figure holding a garland.

brokenoff

on the proper lightside.

with ogee-archesThe

sculptureisevidently

It was acquired by Pandit

Krishna from the village of Rfd, 8 miles north-west of the City.

Radha

On loanfrom the Government of India.

F 35.— Figurine (ht. 8'' or 0 m. 204) of a female seated with a child iu
Two figures of attendants
From the Bhutesar temple near tho

her lap with her right hand raised to the shoulder.
standing on both sides can be traced.

Kankall Tilii.

On loan from the Government of India.

F 36. — Sculpture (lit. 8" or 0 m. 202) withfront with righta female figure seated tohand raised to the shoulder and holding a lotus-flower in

Two miniature figures on both sides of the base.
On loan from tho Government of India,

her left hand.
city.

From theF 37.— Sculpture (ht. 8" or 0 m. 202) with a female figure seated tofront with right hand raised to shoulder and holding an infant in

her

lap.

Two attendant female (?) figures standing on both sides, partly preserved.
From Manoharpur Mahalla. On loan from the Government of India.

F 38.— Sculpture (ht. 1' 31" or 0 m. 395

length 3' 3" or 1

m. 258)containing a row of eight figures standing with their right handraised tothe shoulder.

;The one on the proper right end is aor lance in his

left

From Dhano-aon, ahand, the others are females.

village 6 miles south of Mathura, east of the road toholding a staff

male,

Bharatpur.

On loanfrom the Government of India.

F 39.— Sculpture (ht. 1' 31" or 0 m. 395;

length 2' 7" or 0

m.

787)

containing a row of five seated female figures and one male figure stand-ing with a lance in his left hand.

All have the right hand raised to tho
The sculpture belongs to the Kushana period. It was foundon the Jamfdpur site and presented to the Museum by Pandit Ram
Chand, Head Clerk, Collector's office.

shoulder.

F 40.— Fragment (ht. 71" or 0 m,
child on

her

left

Government of India,

119) of a goddess

knee, between two standing figures,

seatedwith aOn loan from the

(

118

)

F 41. — Figurine (lit. 1" or 0 m. IS) of a two-armed goddess standing
with her right hand raised to shoulder and an indistinct ohject in her
left

hand.

On loan from the Government of India.

F 42.— Image (lit. 4' 5" or1

m. 347; width1'

11" or 0 m. 5S5)probably repi\ senting Hfiritl, the goddess of abundance and fertility.
isShe

elad in a well-drap. d robe and wears a flat torque and a necklace hang-

ing clown between the breasts.

and a wreath on her head.
arebroken.

of theThe

This sculpture

blue schist

Buddhist school.

She has bracelets round the upper arms

is

feet,

arms below the elbows and no>oof particularinterest

as

it

is

made

Gandhara and exhibits the style of the Graecowas evidently import;d from the North- West toofItserve as an example for the sculptures of Mathura.

The image was found by Bhagawan Lai Indraji in the Saptarshi Tilii
on the right bank of the Jamnfi immediately below the City. It was firstpreserved in the Municipal Museum at Delhi, then transferred to Lahorewith other Gandhara sculptures and finally returned to Mathura.

A. S.

1894, pp. 542 f;(Cf. J. R.

Burgess, Ancient Monuments, plates 56 and 57.)

Presented by the. Government of the Punjab.

(

119

)

G.«~ Miscellaneous fragmentary figures.

G 1. -Torso (ht. V 7" or 0 m. 481) of a male figure wearing a double
necklace and a breast jewel.

on the hip.

Both arms are broken. The left hand rested
The sculpture is said to originate from the Kankall Tila.

—

G 2. Torso (ht. 8£" or 0 m. 215) of a male figure nude to the waist
and decorated with two necklaces and a bracelet round the upper arm.
Find-place unknown.

G 3. —Sculpture (ht. 1' 8" or 0 m. 506) carved with a male figure standing
on a muhira and holding a staff in his right hand.

Kushana period.

Tenon beneath.

Head and right arm lost.

It was preserved at the Allahabadrary till December 1907 and perhaps originates from the Jamfilpur

G 4.—Fragment (ht.
squatting male

Lib-

site.

10J" or 0 m. 267) consisting of the legs of a
The left hand rests on the knee. On tha

figure.

(?)

front of the pedestal is the kneeling figurine of a devotee.

The fragment possibly belongs to a statuette of Jambhala. (See above
It was preserved at the Allahabad Library till December 1907

no. C 5.)and probably originates from the Jamalpur site.

G 5. — FragmDnt (ht. 7" or 0 m. 18) consisting of the
left

leg

of a male (?) figure

seated

right

foot

and

on a pedestal carved in front with arailing, in the centre of whbh stands a figurine holding

a tabor under his

The fragment possibly is a portion of a Jambhala imago. (Seeabove no. C 5.) It was preserved in the Allahabad Library up to December
left

arm.

19D7 androbably originates from the Jamalpur site.

G 6. — Torso

(ht.

or

1'

holding his right hand

0 m.

raisedtorque and ear-pendants.

It

305)

of a malefiguretowards the shoulder.

standing andHe wearsaflat

was found in clearing a well at Jamalpur

and rescued for the Museum by Lieutenant-Colonel W. Yost, I. M.S.

G 7.— Torso (ht. 1' 3" or 0 m. 38) of a male figure carved in the round.
It has a necklace, and a garland hanging

down fromfigure is four-arm^d, but the arms are broken off

at

its

shoulders.

the elbows.

It

The
was

found in charing a well at the village of Jamalpur and made over to theMuseum by Lieut mant-Colonel W. Vost, I.M.S.

G 8. — Bust

(ht.

1'

or 0

falling down on th 3 breasts.

m. 305) of a female figure with long locks

She w ears ear-pendants, a torque round herTneck and a necklace hanging down between the breasts.

It

was foundin clearing a well at the village of Jamalpur and made over to theMuseumby Lieutenant-Colonel W. Vost, I.M S.

G 9. — Fragment (ht. 7" or 0 m. 18) consisting of the feet, ornamented
with bangles, of a female figure standing on a conventional lotus.

It

wa3

120

(

)

at the village of Jamalpur and made over tofound in clearing a welltheMuseum by Lieutenant-Colonel W. Vost, I.M.S.
*G 10. — Fragment (ht. 7£" or 0 m. 19) consisting of the lower portion
corpulent

of a

male

figure seated to front and supported by another(?)

corpulent male figure of smaller sizi squatting between

base

is

an inscription in one line of Kushana characters.

gatapara Baddhaclirsuva.
of the donors.

These two words

I

On

feet.

its

It reads

:

the

[Su]-

take to be the names

was found in clearing a well at the village of Jamalpur

It

and made over to the Mus;uni by Lieutenant-Colonel W. Vost, I.M.S.

G 11.— Statuette (ht. 7" or 0 m.
front in theofattitudeof a male figure standing tothehands folded

Find- place unknown.

Rudely carved.

before the breast.

178)(Skr. namctskara),adoration

G 12. — Statuette (ht. 8j" or 0 m. 205) of a female figure standing
under a canopy and holding a water-vessel or flower-vase in her right handraised at the level of her shoulder.

ing indistinct.

Indefinite object in left hand.

Carv-

Find-place unknown.

G 13.— Sculpture (ht. 2'

8J" or 0 m. 825) carved on both faces with aa garland in bothmale figure clad in a tunic and trousers and holding
hands.

Feet missing, carving much worn.

G 14. — Fragment (ht. 8i" or 0 m.
facing.

Find -place unknown.

21) with crouching female

G 15. — Head (ht. 7" or 0 m 178) of a female
head-dress.

figurewithelaborate

From Arjunpura Mahalla, Mathurj. City.

G 16—Fragment (ht.
femalefigureFind-place unknown.

figurines,

3£"

or

0

rn.

09) containing the busts of two

each carrying a bunch

unknown.
G 17.— Fragmentoflotus-flowers.

Find-place

5 J"

or 0 m. 14) with the lower portion of amale figure dressed in a long, ample robe. Find-place unknown.
(ht.

G IS.—Fragment (ht 6" or 0 m.
wearing a halo.

Rudely carved.

G 19.— Fragment

(ht,

7"

]

52) with a seated Buddha (?) figurine

Find-place unknown.

or 0

m. 178) with two seated figurines

inmonk's dress, partly destroyed.

G 20.—Fragment (ht. S" or 0 m. 203) showing the feet of a standing
image over a lion-faced dragon.

G 21.—Head (ht. 1'

3" or 0 m. 38

1of a male (?) figure with elaborate

head-dress, with foliage behind and portion of foliated calice over

it.

Nose

G 22.— Head (ht, V 1" or 0 m. 33; of a female figure, defaced.

Nose

broken, face otherwise injured.

broken.

The

hair

is

Find-place unknown.

fastened on the

top of the head by means of a

121

(

wheelshaped buckle.
brows.

)

between the eye-

Circular mark, probably t'daki,

Find-place unknown.

G 23. — Head (ht. 1' or 0 m. 305) of a male figure wearing an elaborate
Fiud-place unknown.

diadem.

G 24. — Head (ht. 7h" or 0 m. 19) of a male figure wich moustache.
Found in clearing a well at the village of Jamalpur and made over to tha

Museum by Lieutenant-Colon. W. Yost, I. U.S.
1

G 25. — Figurine (ht. 9" or 0 m. 23) of a male, facing, with his hands
Find-place unknown.

folded in fro it of hi-i breast.

G 26. —Fragment

(ht.

tth"

or

0 m. 215) consisting of central portionof a male figure clad in a dhoti and shawl and holding an offering in his
left hand.

G 27. — Bust (ht. 9A" or 0 in. 24) of a male figure carrying a bird in his
Fiud-place unknown.

left hand.

G 28. — Bust (ht. 5" or 0 m. 127) of a male figure resting his chin ou
his hand.

Find-place unknown.

G 29. — Fragment (ht. 7" or 0 m. 177) of a standing figure of which thefeet remain.

Pedestal carved with a couchantbull

between the stalks of the lotus on which the figure

and a
is

inseitedfi.>hstanding.

Find-

place unknown.

G 30.— Fragment (ht.

m. 267) showing a lion's head, pre-or 0

Find-place unknown.

sumably portion of pedestal.

G 31.— Head (ht. 1' 4i» or 0 m. 42) of a life-size Bodhisattva (?) statuo
with elaborate head-dress.

Kushana period.

Find-place unknown.

G 32.— Head (ht. 1' 6" or 0 m. 455) of a life-size statue with highconical hat.

Kushana

period.

Cf.

Kohlrailing pillar no. J 56.

Find-

place unknown.

G 33. — Head (ht. 9" or 0 m. 23) of a male (?) figure with elaborate
Lower portion of face destroyed. Find-place unknown.
G 34. — Head (ht. 10" or 0 m. 262) of a male figure wearing a closeThe hair is indicated by straight parallel
fitting cap with raised rim.
head-dress.

lines.

The nose and lips are damaged.

G 35. — Fragment (ht. 2' 2" or 0 m.
centric

66)

of adecorative borders of various design.

similar to those on the haloes of the images nos.

ment must have belonged
at the- Allahabad Public

to

halo

carved with con-

These borders are partly

A 4 and B 1.

The frag-

It was preserved
December 1907 and perhaps origi-

a statue of colossal size.

Librarytillnates from the Jamalpur site.

G 36.— Fragment (length 9f or 0 m, 248)
Find-place unknown,ofan ornamental halo

122

(

)

G 37. —Fragment (length 8J" or 0 m. 21G) of an ornamental halo.
Find-plaee unknown.

*G 38.— Fragment

9J" or 0

(ht.

in.

lion to proper right and upper portions of

Buddhist

friars,235)of pedestal with rampant

two standing

figures,perhaps

one carrying a garland and a bunch of flowers.

On theraised rim over these figures is a fragmentary inscription in two lines.

Mahdrajasya, Vd[su][1.1.]
•

•

*

.

.

.

[1.2.]

sya vadhuya Sena[sya]•The sculpture which belongs to the Kushana period (reign of Vasudeva ?)came from the ancient site of L/ikhanii near Hathras, Aligarh district.
* G.39.— Fragment (ht. 61" or 0 m. 165) of the upper proper rightcorner of awithpedestal

lion's head and portions of a fragmentary
The first line is incised on the raised border overinscription in four lines.

the lion's head.

The

inscription[1.2.][1.4.]

reads:[1.1.]

ya[Si]ddha[m] Maharaja[1.3.] pcitimd [te]

o

....

Find-plaee unknown.

G 40.— Fragment (ht. 9h" or 0 m. 249) of a halo with scalloped bordersurrounded by foliage from which a flying Deva figure projects.

Kushana

Find-place unknown.

period.

G 41. -Fragment (ht. 6|" or 0 m. 177) with a female figure seated on a
tortoise between two mermaids.
*

G 42.— Pedestal (ht. including tenon 1' 7" or 0 m. 497) of a standing
On the top of the

figure of which only the feet, apparently shod, remain.

pedestal between the feet is a partly effaced inscription in two lines of 10"

and Uh" in length which I read.[1.2.][keka]>>ya:

Maha[hi]aa[yanasya] yamasha
Ulanasya patimd.
"The image[1.1.][Vi]sa [ya]sya(patima = Ski: prutimd) of Ulana (rest illegible). The pedestal was
acquired by Pandit Eadha Krishna together with the fragment No. F10

from a Koli who is said to have obtained it from a Brahmin's house in thevillage of Ganesra, three miles north-west of the City.
*

G 43.— Fragment (ht, 6" or 0 m. 157) of a pedestal carved with threefigurinesof devotees standing,

two with garlands and the third with his

A headless lion, standing, must have occupied
the proper right side of the stone, when complete. On the raised rim
hands folded in adoration.

beneath these figures is a fragmentary inscription in one

jmtrena Ghoshena.

..." By Ghosha

The character is Brahmi of the Kushana

line

Jayadeva-

the son of Jayadeva

period.

..."The sculpture must be

the same as the inscribed base of a statue found by General Cunningham
at Kota, three miles

northof 3Iathura,

He must have deposited it in

123

(

Museumthe Lahore
place.

)

from the same

together with another sculpture

In December 1908 it was, at my request, made over to the(F. 11.)

Mathura Museum by the
A. S. R, Vol. XX;

Panj5bGovernment.

Cunningham,(Cf.

plate V, no. 2 )G 44.— Fragment (ht. 7J" or 0 m.

representing two

19)

garland-carrying, flying figures, male and female, perhaps Gandharva and Apsaras.
It must have formed the upper right corner of a large image slab.

G 45. — Fragment (ht. 4" or 0 m. 10) of a statuette,
the

feet

are

Found

On loan from the Government of India.

in the river Jarnna.

which onlyofpreserved, standing on a lotus with three kneeling figurines,

two male and one female.

Of an attendant, standing onof the main figure, the feet are preserved.

propertheleft

On loanObtained from a Koli.

from the Government of India.

G 46. — Fragment (ht. 9" or 0 m. 229) showing a miniature Tlrthamkara figure seated in meditation on a lotus in ar-hapelsupported on two

To the proper left of this chapel there is a nude Tirtham-dwarf pilasters.

kara figure standing and a female figurine seated with a child on her left knee.

The fragment has evidently made part of an image slab.
from a garden at Mathura.

*G 47.— Fragment (ht. 3|" or 0 m.
female figure

which

rests

inscription consisting of

which
.

.

I

read

It

was obtained

On loan from the Government of India.
on a095) containing the feet of afootstool.

two lines inOn the base is a fragmentarycharactersof thevashorisha:(2) tvo.ni hita-sukha [rtharh ]Kushanamasa

period,....

Obtained from the village of Sakna,

two miles west of Gaoesra and five miles west of theCity.

On loan fromthe Government of India.

G 48. — Fragment (ht. 9" or 0 m. 229) carved with alotus-rosette

which contains a female figure seated on a bench and playing on a harp
under a palm-tree conventionally treated.
to a railing-pillar.

Mathura City.

The fragment appears to belong

Obtained from a nvfth in th^

G5p5lpur Quarter of

On loan from the Government of India.

G 49. Fragment (ht. 7" or 0 m 177) of a dressed stone carved onone

face with a cobra.

railway station.

Found in a brick-kiln near the Mathura Junction

On loan from the Government of India.

G 50. —Fragment (hb. 6" or 0 m. 152) carved on both sides with a
From brick-kiln near the Mathura Junction railway station. On
scroll.
loan from the Government of India.

G 51.

Head (ht. 7|" or 0 m. 19) of a lion with tenon above.

Jamalpur site.

On loan from the Government of India.

From

124

(

)

G 52 —Relief (ht. 11" or 0 m. 28) carved with two figurine?, maleand female,standing with their right hands raised.

the Brinduban gate of Mathuni City.

From a mound nearOn loan from the GovernmentofIndia.

G 53.— Fragment (ht. 9" or 0 m. 23) containing the foliage of a treewith the upper half of a male figure and the capital of a Persepolitan pillar.

On loan from the Government of India.

Find-place unknown.

G 54. — Head (ht.

11"

or

0

m. 28) of a maleperhaps

figure,aBodhisattva, wearing elaborate head-dress.

Obtained from Sarai, Azampur,

two miles north of Mathuni on the roadtoDelhi.

On

loan

from theGovernment of India.

G 55. — (ht. Si" or 0 m. 215) consisting of a male figure standing
with a garland

in

right

his

Head and feet missing.

and a handful of flowers in his left hand.

Fmd-spot unknown.

On loan from theGovern-ment of India.

G 50. — Fragment (ht. SJ" or 0 m. 215) carved with three male figures
walking to the proper left, of which one in front carries a garland and theother two a dish with some offering.

Obtained from a Kofi

On loan from the Government of India.
G 57. — Fragment (ht. 6" or 0 ru. 153)

carved

with

a

at

Mathuni.

row of five

fetnab figures seated with th.ir right hand raised to the shoulder and threemale figures standing with hands joined.

On loan from the Governmentof India.

G 58. — Fragment (ht. 7" or 0 m. 178) carved on the

obversewith astanding female figure and on the reverse with three lotus-rosettes.

must have belonged
Gancsni.

to

a

solid

miniature railing.

From

the village

Itof

On loan from the Government of India.

G 59. — Fragment (ht.

6|" or 0 m.

mounted by a seated Buddha figure.
loan from the Government of India.

From166) carved with a railing surthe village

of Ganesra,

On

(

125

)

H—I— BAS-RELIEFS.
H.

Scenes of Buddha's life.

H 1.— Bas-relief (ht. 2' 2" or 0 m. 66;

taining five scenes of Gautama Buddha's life(a) (proper left)

with 3' of" or 1

m. 06) con-:His birth in the Lumbini garden near Kapilavaitu

His mother Maya, is shown standing in the usual attitude underthesal tree, a branch

she clasps with her right handof which

She is supported by her

sister Prajiipatl

standing to herleft.

On the other side is Indra who receives the child on a cloth
The infant

Beneath the Nativity is the scene of the first bath.

Buddha (or more correctly Bodhisattva) stands in the centre,
whilst the two Naga kings Nan da and Upananda, their hands
joined in the attitude of adoration, issue from masonry wells.
Cf. nos.
(6)

H 2 and N 2(a).
BuddhaBuddha's enlightenment (Skr. bodhi) at Bodh-Gaya.
s satedisunder the b odhi tree in the traditional pose of touching

the earth with his right hand.

The female figure to his right is
Beneath is Mara in the act ofprobably one of Mara's daughters.

shooting an arrow at the Sakya Sage. The other big-headed figure

H

(e)

N

is probably a demon of Mara's host.
2 (6).
Cf. nos.
6 and
His descent from the " Heaven of the thirty-three gods" where hehad preached the law to his mother reborn as a deva.
Buddha,accompanied by the gods Indra (Sakra) and Brahma, is shownin the act of descendingby thetripleladder, at the

foot

of

which we notice the kneeling figure of the nun Utpalavarna who

was the first to receive him.
(d) His firstCf. no.

N 2 (/).

sermon in the Deerpark near Benares.

Itshould benoted that Buddha is not shown here in the attitude of" turning
the wheel of the law " which in Buddhist art is peculiar for thisscene.

He has his right hand raised towards his shoulder, agesture which in Buddhist iconography denotes the imparting of

Beneath thive is a wheel placjd on a pillar with
two worshipping figures at its sides. Cf. nos.
2(c).
7 and

protection.

H(«)

His death or pwinirvana at Kusinara or Kuianagara.
is lying under thetwin ml trees.

N

BuddhaThree mourning figures are

standing behind his couch and three are seated in front.
nos.

Cf

H 7, 8, 9 and N 2 (d).

The sculpture was pointed out to me by Pandit Kadha Krishna at the
Kaj Gha{ in Mathura City, where it was being worshipped by the Hindtts.

126

(

)

It was purchased for the Museum In January 1908,— (Plate Via).

On loanfrom the Government of India.

H 2. — Sculpture (ht. 1' 9£" or 0 m. 542) carved on two faces inbas-relief.

On the obverse is the nude figure of a male child standing on aplatform, with his right
resting

on

his

hip.

hand raised towards

On each side of him

andhis left(Skr.

Naga),

his shouldera Snake-god

canopied by a nine-headed snake-hood, issues from a round masonry well.
th? central figure andBoth are turned towards

The faces of theadoration (Skr. namatktira).
of

the

Nagas

Suspended in thedestroyed.

arehave hands joined incentral figure

are

air

and of one
sixmusicalinstruments, namely a conch (Skr. iahlcka), flute, tabor, harp, bag-pipeand drum.

Cunningham

believed thenude

Jina, but a comparison with the scene of Buddha's birth onon the bas-relief no. a of the shlpa drum no.

(?)

figure in the centre to be a

N 2 makesit

H 1 («), andevident

that

the relief represents the infant Buddha and the two Naga kings Kanda
and Upananda who are mentioned in the Lalltav i dura (td S. Lefmann.

Halle 1902, pages 83, 84 and 93).

I refer also to the following passage from

Hiuen-Taiang {Si-yu-ki transl.

Beal, Vol. II, p.

stupa are two fountains of pureThisbuilt two st'ipas.

the earth.

Whenrelations hastenediswater,

by the

24 fj

'

:

to the east of thisside of whichhave been

the place where two dragons appeared from

Bodhisattva was born, the attendants and householdin everydirection to find water for the use of the child.

At this time two springs gurgled

forthfrom the earth just before thequeen, the one cold, the other warm, using whbh they bathed him."

appears

It

from

Hiuen

T.siang's

commemorated the Buddha's

first

accountbath by the

that

Naga

the

stupas

kings

which

Nanda andUpananda, stood not far from the famous Asoka pillar of Rummindei u hichmarks the spot where he was born.

The

six

musical instruments shown on our sculpture indicate theheavenly mu^ic which according to the Buddhist scriptures was heard on thisjoyous occasion.

On the reverse are a male and a female figure, both defaced, walking
to the proper left.

They areclad in a dhoti and a shawl

or scarf tied

The male figure carries in both hands a di^h or basket
round
ontaining a garland. The female has hei* right hand raised over head
It seems that bothin her left hand she holds an unrecognizable object.
the waist.

;

figures were standing under trees.

Cunningham
gankaliflla.

orstates thatthe sculpture was brought either from thefrom one of the mounds in that direction.

(A. S, R.

(

Vol.

XX, p.

127)

35; r Iato IV, fig. L, cf. B. E. F. E. 0.,

Vol.

VIII,

p.

493

and A. S. R. for 190G-7 p. 152; platJ LIII.)

H 3. — Fragment (ht. 1' 6" or 0 m. 457) containing a series of scenes
The only seen 3 almost completely preserved

placed one above the other.

Buddha) in the act

represents the Bodhisattva (i.e., the future
his royal abode in order to become a recluse.

of leaving

The technical designation of"the great Renunciation" (Skr. MaltObhinishkran.ana).
Siddhartha (the Buddha's secular name) is rising from the couch on
which his wife Yasodhara is sleeping. In front of the couch are the figures
the subject

is

who haveof three female musicians,

fallen asleep over their instruments.

The sculpture is of great interest, as it is undoubtedly copied from GraecoThe panel immediately below may have contained thescene of Siddhartha's leaving Kapilavastu which in Gandhara is usuallyfound combined with the zenana scene. If so, the head immediately
The sculpture formed
above the break would be that of Siddhartha.

Buddhist examples.

evidently partTo the right and left of the panels are
The stone is also carved on the proper leftof a doorjamb.

vertical ornamental borders.
side.

Buddhist(Cf. Griiawedjl,

arf,

50

figs.

L'art greco-bovAdhique, du Gaiidharn., pp. 349— 53 and 81.

— 361

;

fig--. 178

Foucher,—183).

H 4. —Fragment ht. 81" or 0 m. 216) carved with the figure of a'man to front on hors -back;possibly the future Buddha riding
Cf. above No.

the city gate of Kapilavastu.

out throughH 3. It was found in clearing

made over to the Museum by Lieutenant-Colonel

a well at Janulpur and

W. Vest, I.M.S.

H 5.— Fragment (ht. 1'

3''

or 0 m. 303) of a stole (urdhva pntt t.) carved

with two panels, placed one over the other and separated by a

Buddhist

The lower panel, of which only
seems
representispreserved,
tothe future Buddha leaving
upper
half
the
home. Thehjad of th horse and part of the mounted figure are preserved.
Among the remaining figures we notic in the centre the one holding arailing and by a band of ch iity o windows.

:

bow, which no doubt is Mara, the Evil Spirit, and at his side another witha fly-whisk (?) in his right and a thunderbolt in his left hand.
littlecurious to see here the Thunderbolt-bearer

It is

not

a

so

commonBuddha, after

leaving(Vajrapani),in Gandhara sculpture, reappear on a Mathura relief,

The upper panel seems to represent the

futurehome, in the act of laying off his royal ornaments and making them overto his groom Chanda kneeling in front of him.

In the third figureabove

we may perhaps see either a repetition of Chaada or a Deva. At his side
we discern the head of tb.3 horse Kanthaka which is always present at this

128

(

)

But it is curious to find an elephant also introduced

scene.

meant to indicate the royal rank
panel

is

occupied by

fiveof thefiguresthe Buddha's spouse, who receives from adeparture.

It

will

be

The

person.

in

of

the

identify.

I

restwhich are not so easy toconjecture that the female figure seatedlord'smain

perhaps

here,

front on a stool is Yafiodhara,

maid servant the news

noticed that

of

her

her right hand is raised to thehead in an attitude of grief which is common with the mourning figures of
the Nirvana scene.

Th j other figures are too indistinct to be identified withany amount of certainty.
Pandit Radha Krishna obtained this sculpture from a bughicha near
the Seth's Garden on the right bank of thj

Jamna about

H mile south

On loan from the Government of India.

of the City.

H 6.— Stone (ht. l'l" or 0 m. 33) of curvilinear shape, probably from the
top of some building.

The front is carved with athe Buddha seated cross-legged

bas-relief

representing

on a platform under the Bodhi tree.

His

right hand which is broken was probably raised towards the shoulder in theattitude of protection (Skr.

female figures, perhaps

ab haya-mudru).

On each

are

three

Mara's daughters Desire, Pining and Lust.

(Cf.

side

Cunningham, Bharhut, p. 28).

H —Fragment (ht. 10i" or 0 m. 265) of a bas-relief containing two
7.

scenes:(a) (Proper right) Buddha's

first

sermonat

Benares.

BuddhaHe

a halo(defaced) is turning the wheel of the law, i.e., preaching.

with scollop 3(1seated,theOneach side are two figures in monk's dress, one

standing.

Those to the proper right are only partly

border.

other

has

preserved.
(6).
is lying

Buddha's death or parinirvdna(finalextinction).

on his right side with his head supported byhis

The Buddha

righthand andone foot resting on the other in close agreement with the Buddhist scriptures (Mahuparinibbuna-sutto , Ch. 5§
S. B. E. Vol. XI, pp. 85f).

1.

TJte

Booh of the Great Decease,In front of his couch are three figures. The central

The other two

one in monk's dress is Subhadra, the Buddha's last convert.
are laymen and possibly the Malla chieftains
last moments.

who witnessed theMaster's

Behind the couch three figures are standing with arms

outstretched in the attitude of grief.

The sculpture, when complete, presumably contained the four
events of the Buddha's life, namely :— (1)His birth nearprincipal

Kapilavastu in

the Lumbini garden (Padaria, Ruminindei tappa, Xepal Tarai).

(2)

His

attaining of enlightenment(bodhi) under the bodhi(Giya, District, Bihir).

His firs; Sjrmon in the Deerpark, now Sarnath

(3)

tree

at B6dh-gaya(near Benares, to the129

mendicantfire)

friars.

His death at Kusinara(4)

in the Malla country (locality not identified).
It is noteworthy that tb.3

antelopes in frontof

Buddha'sscat,

elsewhere characterize plastic representations of the third event,which

are want-

But this may be due to inadvertence on the part of the sculptor.

ing here.

In the same way we do not find the two sal trees whicharetypical of thedeath-scene.

The treatmentof

influence

the

in

the

of thjtwo scenes pictured here shows distinctly the

Gandhira school of sculpture, which iswithdwarf-pilasteralso

noticeable

Indo-Coiinthian capital on theproper left.

Such pilasters are commonly found to divide the different scenes portrayedon Gandhara bas-reliefs.
The sculpture must have belonged to the stone facing of the squarebasement of a stupa.

Its find-place is unknown.

H 8.— Fragment (ht, 3' 4" or 1 m. 03) of " a high slab " (Skr. urdhvapatta), the lower portion of which

Buddhaofrepresents the parinirvima or death
between the twin sal trees of Kusinara. The

Siikyamuni

Master is lying on his right side on a couch, his head supported on his righthand and one foot resting on the other. The head is provided with a halo.
Bihind the couch are three figures of mourners. That to th; proper right,
apparently a monk (Skr. bhikshu), holds in his left hand a square board

on which four four-petalled flowers are visible
to his head.

The twoothers

;

his

hand

right

are evidently lay-members,

Malla chieftains who witnessed the Master's last moments.

two arms as in despair;

appliedispossiblytwo

One raises

histhe other stands weeping, his face concealed by

To the proper right is one of the twin sal trees from its
foliage issues a dryad, who showers flowers on the
dying Buddha. Of

a kerchief.

;

the corresponding tree to the left only a portion of the trunk can still be
traced.

In front of the Buddha's couch are three figures.

left, wrapt

The onein meditation, must be Subhadra, the Tathagata's last

who before

hisconversion was

a Brahmanical mendicant.

to theconvert,This we may

infer from the three staffs placed at his side to indicate that he belonged

thesect of thethis is not expressly stated in thepossiblyto

Tedandikas (from Skr. tridanda " a triple staff"), though
Buddhist books.

The

centralfigureisone of the Malla chiefs and that to ths proper right the Thunder-bolt-bearer (Yajrapani) who dropped his diamond mace (Skr. vajra) on the

The monk standing at the Buddha's feet must be Mahakasyapa,
one of his chief disciples, who hastened to pay reverence to the Master's
feet.
The figure at the head wears the dress of a layman. The scene
occasion.

isenclosed between Persepolitan pilasters with capitals containing

winged

130()

The missing panel above perhaps represented the Illumi-

animals (horses ?)nation (Skr. bodki). expressed by the scene of the presentation of the cups by
the four guardian-gods (Skr. hi:nj.>0la); only two standing figures are partly

pres.rved.

It is separated from the lover panel by a row of two busts and a

Buddha figurine placed in liiehes separat d by dwarf- pilasters.
The proper

left

side

a

vase.

from

risingknown,

(Cf.

of

the

two panels

This border

is

is

Cf.

H 11.

decorated with a lotus stalkmuch d faced.

Find-placeun-Foucher, L'art greio-bouddhique, p. 260, fig. 282).

HO. — Fragment (ht. 91" or 0 m. 24) of a bas-relief representing the2)ii'inirvuun or death of Buddha.
He is shown lying on a couch in theusual attitude.
seatedThe;

At the side of his bed, two figures, apparently monks, areand behind it a figure is standing which

is

only

partly preserved.

stone probably belonged to the facing of the basement of a miniature

stiipj.

It was found in clearing a well at Jamalpur and madeover totheMuseum by Lieutenant-Colonel W. Yost, I.M.S.

H 10. — Fragment (ht. 1' 4" or 0 m. 395) of a slab, perhaps belonging
to a doorway, carved on one sidewith two panels enclosed between verticaldecorative borders and separated

by an ogee arch and aupper panel represents Buddha receiving inhisrailing.

dust from the children Jaya (the future Asoka) and Vijaya.
isoften pictured in the Graeco-Buddhist;panel shows Buddha standing and aflowers.

small

The

art of Gandhara.

figureThe

alms-bowl a handful of

to

his

subject

The lower

right

offering

This scene is perhaps an abridged rendering of the Dipankara-jataka, as represented in Gandhara reliefs.

On one of the narrow sides ofthe stone are two figures placed one over the other and separated by an

The upper one appears to be a Bodhisattva
standing with a garland in his right hand. The lower one is a Buddha withogee arch and two railings.

a haloed head standing on a lotus in the attitude of imparting protection.
The stone was found in clearing a well at Jamalpur and made over to theMuseum by Lieutenant-Colonel ~\Y. Yost,
sented in the two panels, cf.
520, figs.

I.M.S.

(On the scenes repre-

Foucher L'art greco-bouddhique,

pp.

517

255—256 and pp. 273—279, figs. 139—141).

H 11.— Bas-relief (ht. 1' 6" or 0 m. 457) representing Buddha visitedby Indra in the Indrasaila cave near
Bihar).

Rfijagi-iha (the modern Rajgir in
To the proper left of the slab a piece of about 8" in width is lost.

The original centre of the bas-relief is occupied by Buddha seated in meditation inside the cave on which a peacock above and two lions at the sides

should be noticed.

Towards

gods, clad in royal robes

his right

approaches Indra, the lord of theand carrying a bunch of flowers and a garland as()

Ho is preceded by the chief of the Gandharvas or heavenly

an offering.

who ismusicians

131

recognisable from a harp 'which

followed by three female figures, each carrying ahe plays.

Indra

is

bunch of flowers and a

They may be identified as celestial nymphs (Skr. aps tras) of
Indra's heaven.
On the oth -r side of the cave we notice Indra's elephantgarland.

Airavata and three male figures crouching in front.

The upper portion of the

sculptureisdivided into a series of arches

Under the central arch is Buddha's head-separated by dwarf pilasters.

dress ; the others enclose the upper halves of worshipping figures, probably

Buddha's crest jewel (Skr. chuclnmani), according to the Buddhist

Devas.

scriptures, was worshipped in the heaven of the thirty-three gods, of which

This explains why the sculptor has combined it with

Sakra is the head.

the representation of Indra's

visit.

The lower portion of the sculpture iscarved with a Buddhist railing and some decorative borders.

The stone waspointed out to me by Pandit Eadha Krishna in front of a hut near the third

On loan from the Government of

milestone on the Mathura-Delhi road.
India.

The scene of Indra's visit to Buddha in the Indrasaila cave is a favourite
subject of Buddhist art.

It occurs firston a railing pillar at Bodh-Gaya;here only the empty cave is shown and a figure with a harp standing at its

On a bas-relief from Loriyan Tangai in the Svat valley we have aside.

very fine and full representation of this scene.
cave

remarkableisfor its

The Buddha figure in theexpression of repose

and serenity.

Indra

is

attended by numerous celestials and above and below the cave are various
plants and animals such as lions in caves, peacocks and also monkeys

meditative attitude of Buddha.

are imitating thewho
The Loriyan Tangai

sculpture is preserved in the Calcutta Museum, which also possesses another

Mathura bas-relief of Indra's visit.

Finally I draw attention to the fineMuseum.

toram architrave No. 31 4 of the Mathura
There can be little doubt that here again Mathura has copied

Gandhara.

An innovation found on the Mathura reliefs is the introduction

rendering of this scene on theof Indra's elephant Airavata 1
I, pp. 182 f.

.

(Plate YI b. Cf. Anderson, Catalogue, Part

M 7 Burgess, Ancient Monuments,;

pi. 60; T.

ivorshipped by Indra in Proc. A. S. B. for 1898, pp. 186
Jj'artBloch, Buddha

— 189

;

Foucher,grdco-bouddhique, Vol. I, pp. 492—497).

H 12.— Slab (ht. 1' 7" or 0 m. 482) carved with a figure of Buddha
seated cross-legged with his right hand raised to the shoulder, on
1

It should, however, be remarked that the British

a throne

Museum contains a bas-relief (ht. 8')

from Ka6t Kot which represents the same scene and shows the elephant sitting in front of
the cave.

It

was presented by Sir Harold Dcane.

(

supported by a pair of Hods.

132)

He is surmounted by four figures,

two stand to the right and two to his left, each holding a cup.
therefore,

assume that the scene

bowls by theuncommon.

four guardian -gods

Cf. beneath no.

X 2g.

referstowhich

the presentation of the fourthough the treatment is
The scene evidently belonged to a

(Lokapula),series of similar illustrative panels placed one over the otherby Buddhist railings.

ofWe may,and separated

Pandit Radha Krishna acquired it from the villageof Isapur on the left bank of the Jamna opposite thethe Government of India.

City.

On loan from

133

(
I.

)

Decorative Bas-Reliefs.

1 1.—Fragment (ht. 3' 1" or 0 m. 94) of a slab carved on two

the centres of the three

faces,On one faceeach divided by concentric arches into three lunulate areas.

compartments are occupied by an alms-bowl 1 ,apparently filled to the brim with offerings, a Buddha seated in the protecting attitude, and a Bodhisattva in royal attire seated in meditation undera tree.

On the reverse we have in the upper compartment Buddha's head-

dress (which, as we know, received the homage of the thirty-three gods) andin the central one a Bodhisattva— perhaps Maitrcya, as may be inferredfrom the vessel in his left hand

— who raises his right hand in the conven-tional attitude of protection.

Of the figure occupying the centre of thelowermost division only a portion of the halo is preserved.

The worshipping figures are

divineor semi-divine

beings—asflying,indicated by their pose, and carrying cabbage-like nosegays from which they
afe showering flowers.

The narrow end of each compartment

by yawning crocodiles.

The spandrils are decorated with conventionalizedisoccupied

Garudas.

Among the Graeco-Buddhist sculptures of Gandhara numerous pediments are found decorated in the same manner as this Mathura relief, but
in expression much more classical.

the Kaiikall Tlla,, now in theProfessor Biihler.

It is aWe may also compare a sculpture from

Lucknow Museum, which was published byfragment of the same shaps as the one in the

Mathura Museum, but more elaborately decorated.
a torajia,

Biihler describesitasboth fragments evidently served the same purpose.

The present fragment was preserved at the Allahabad Public Librarytill December 1907 and was perhaps originally found on the Jamalpur site.
A. 8. R., 1906-07 p.

(Cf.

159; plate LVI.

On the fragment from

Kankali Tlla, cf. Biihler, Ep. Ind., Vol. II, p. 319, plate III

theand Y. A.

;

Smith, Jain Stupa, plates XIX and XX.)
I 2.— Slab (ht. 2' 5J" or 0 m. 745, width 5' 6 J" or 1 m. 685) containing a

portion of an ornamental frieze in low relief.

The subject, Cupids carrying

a garland, was borrowed from Hellenistic sarcophagi and appears first in
India iu the Graeco-Buddhist school of Gandhara (Peshawar district).
Here the pseudo-Cupid, the head of which is lost, walks to the proper right.

He wears a torque and bracelet round the arms and a dhoti fastened to the
loins

1

500).

by means of a narrowgirdle.

This purely Indian costume

Buddha's alms-bowl was worshipped at Peshawar at the time of Fa-hien's

But when Hiuen Taiang came

to Peshawar,

it

had gone to Persia

Traveli (transl. Legge), pp. 34 f, Si-i/u-ki (transl. Beal), Vol. I, p. 98,

nisit

Cf.

is

an

(A.D.

Fi hien,

134

(

)

innovation, not found in Gandhura, whore the garland-carrying figures arenude and wholly represent the well-known type of the Cupids of later classical

The intervening spaces between the garland^are filled by a pal-art.

The stone which is pL-rced by two roundmette rising from a lotus rosette.

holes must have formed part of the facing of a stupa.

Its find-placeisunknown.

3.— Slab (ht.

I

9' or 0 m.

229

width 3' 3-i " or 1 m.) carved in bas-;relief with two male figures, walking to the prop r right, who carry a triple

garland, interlaced with flowers, the cuds issuing from the mouths of a pairof crocodiles (Skr. mzknrx^.
Cf. above sub. I 2.

Stupa.

also foundi-;on the Amaravati

Th? ston? must have belonged to thefacingIts find-place is unknown.

of a small stilpo.
I

This device

4.— Fragment (ht. 11"

or 0 m. 278; width 3' |" or 0 m. 926) of aslab decorated with two friezes separated

by a horizontal raised rim.

The

upper frieze consists of an ornamental bord?r of three male figures carrying
a heavy garland, the curves ofwhich are filled with variousTheflowers.

lower frieze contains three scenes, evilently of some birth story (Skr,jiitahi)(a)—That to the proper right,of which a part

missing, showsisabearded man, seated on a gra-s cushion and recognisable as an
ascetic(Skr.

t"pisvin) fromhishair which is tied in a knot

He

pets

a birdon the top of his head.

head

is

of

which

only theBehind him a young ascetir clad with a loinpreserved.

cloth stands in front of a bengi, such as are usedcany holytoGanges-water (Skr. Gahgii-jdi). At his side are a fire-altar anda water-pitcher.
(6)

The

ascetic's

leaf

hut

(Skr.

pnrnx s'dn)

separates

the

scene

from the central one, in which we find a male and a female
antelope walking toproper

the

left

over

a

rocky

eminence

between two trees.
(c)

The same hut

separates

this scene from that toone, of which only the standing figure

of a

the

properleft

bearded hermit

ispartly preserved.

The sculpture probably decorated the square basement of a small stupa.
Its find-place is unknown.

I 5.

— Fragment,'ht.

7\" or 0 m. 19) of agarland-carrying figures which havefriezethe appearance

decorated with twoof dwarfs

and wearturbans, ear-pen.lants and dkOth.

In the curves of the garland areflowerpots each containing three buds.

Above the frieze runs a decorative

border in low

relief;and along the top of the stone is a cornice supported

135

(

The fragment probably formedby brackets.

square basement of a miniature
kept

till

part

facingtheofabove sub no.

Of.

stiipa.

the Allahabad Library

at

)

I 2.

of thewas

It

December 1907 and is probably fromthe Jainalpur site.
I G.

— Fragment

carrying Cupids.

9" or 0 m. 228) carved(lit.

In each interval arc a lotus-flower and two lotus-buds.

Over the frieze is a bracket.
oi thefacingwith a frieze ot garland

The sculpture probably madebasement of a small stiipa.

partof theIt was found in clearing a well at

Jamfdpur and made over to the Museum by Lieutenant-Colonel

Yost,

YY.

I.M.S.

V 7i" or 0 m. 492

I 7 —Fragment (ht.

;width 3' 2" or 0 m. 963) of awith a sunk panel on which arc five Buddha figures seated cross-friezeEach has two attendants with fly-whisks standing

legged.

at

hissides.

The figure to the proper left wearing royal dress must be the future Buddha
or Bodhisattva Maitreya. In his left hand we recognise the vessel, which
is his emblem in the Graeco-Buddhist sculptures of Gandhara.
The other
fivewear monk's dress

figures;that next to Maitreya seated in meditationmust be Sakyamuni, the Buddha of the present age, and the other threehis

immediate predecessors Krakuehchhanda, Kanakamuni and Kasyapa.

Probably three

Buddhafigures are lost to the proper right.

enclosed within ornamental borders.

The stone whichisThe panel isbrokenintwoand has a dove-tail mortice on the top probably decorated the facade ofFind-place unknown.

some Buddhist shrine.

The bottom of the stone is carved with three flying Deva figures and alotus-rosette

which probably occupied the centre of the stone whenentire.

From this it appears that the front of the missing portion contained

four

more seated Buddha figures.
I 8.
relief— Sculpture (ht:1'10" or 0 m. 558) carved on one side with a basto the proper right.

The

are males in royal head-dress standing withfoldedcontaining four figures standing turned

first and third figures

hands in the attitude of adoration.

The figure between is that of a woman

who holds o nosegay in her right hand.
in size, appears also to
is visible.

be of a male.

The carving is much

The last figure, somewhat smaller
animalit the head of someOver

The sculpture was preserved at

defaced.

the Allahabad Public Library till December 1907 and probably originatesfrom the Jamalpur site.
I 9.— Fragment (ht. 1' 5" or 0 m. 435;

width 2' or 0 m. 61) of a relief

representing a stupa worshipped by a pair of Niigas.

the topOf

thestuptconly

portion remains, surmounted by a parasol with two garlands

136

f

)

Of one of the Nagas only the head remains with an ornaOf the other only ahead-dress and a hood of five snake-heads.

attached to it.
m.-ntalportion of the hood can bo

The scene

traced.

is

between two

enclosed

Persepolitan pilasters with a couchant winged lion on their capitals.
pilasters

These

support a plain architrave on which two chaitya windows are
Find-place unknown.

carved in low relief.

1 10.— Fragment (ht. 10" or 0 m. 252

width 2' 1" or 0 m. 631) of a frieze;

with a relief (defaced) representing a stupi decorated with two parasols

One of these carries a long staff

being worshipped by three male figures.
to which a streamer is attached andthe second

an umbrella.

Find-place

unknown.
I 11.— High slab (Skr. urdhvapatta ; ht. 5' 3|" or 1 m. 66; width 1H"or 0 m.

29) carved

both on the front and sides which are divided into

several compartments of varying

Buddhist railings.

height separated

The front is in parts much defaced

panels are almost entirely destroyed.
four partly

each other by

from;the two uppermost

The lower-most panel, supported bydefaced Atlantes, shows a stately gateway provided with twobalconies. This gateway is flanked by crenelated walls over which the heads

On both sides rises a tower.

of armed men and palm-trees are visible.

the next panel, the sides of which are occupied by standingfind

a soldi jr

panel.

In

we

Atlantes,

guarding a covered rmd which slopss upwards to the next

young menOn the correspond-

In this and the two following panels we find somedesporting themselves in the company of fair damsels.

ing narrow sides of the stone there are female figures.
panels we distinguish portionsof threefigures,one

In the two upper

which

of

carriessword in his left hand, while the right is raised towards his shoulder.
elephant with elevated trunk can also be traced.

The

reliefaAn

probably

represents one of the lower heavens (Skr. Kamaloha) in which the sensual

element is prominent.

The style of the sculpture with its crowded scenes

bears a strong resemblance to that of the AmaravatI school.

Probablyitformed the facing of a torana pillar, the other three faces being decorated
with similar slabs. Find-place unknown. (Plate XX.)
I 12.— Fragment (ht.

represents a

V 8J" or 0 in. 52) carved with a relief whichmale figure who wears a scarf round his loins and a heavy

necklace and bracelets, and stands with his right foot placed

wickcrwork.

on a

stool

of

He touches with his left hand the shoulder of a female figure.

She wears a scarf round her loins, the usual ornaments and a broad girdle
which she is in the act of unloosing. The panel is enclosed between
pilasters ; that to the proper left is broken.

Tho lowor part of the sculpture

contains the upper portion of another panel,

likewiseenclosed

betweenPlate

No.

I.

1

1

;

Ht. 3' 3i".

Sculptured Slau.

XX.

137

(

)

The two panels are separated bypilasters.

architrave decorated with chaitya windows.

1 13.

— Fragment(ht. 1'5}" or 0 m. 443) carved withmounted by a nearly nude male

1 14.

in

Indian— Fragment

Tenon

sculpture.

a rampant lion

figure, which holds the reins.

lions, often placed over or on elephants, are a

met with
unknown.

Buddhist railing and ana

Find-plaee unknown.

(ht. 1' 2" or 0

on topofSimilarcommonly

decorative device

Find-placestone.

m. 35) of a relief containing a group of

figures turned to the proper left in the attitude of adoration (Skr. namas-

Two of them are males clad in a loin-cloth andhara).

leaving the upper part

male

third

children ;

(?)

the

personof the body nude.
ispartly

or

left,

with

foldedshawl

In front are three figures ofvisible.

wearing a girdle round her loins.

115.

scarf

They arc

one in front headless and the other two defaced.

likewise turned to the
girl,

a

Between these two figures ahands.

The

child in

front

is

a

Find-place unknown.

— Fragment (ht. 1' 4" or 0 m. 405) of a relief containing thebust of a male figure, wearing an elaborate turban and various ornaments.
shoulder and breast slightly indicated by wavy line.
With his right hand he clasps the handle of a fly-whisk, the upper portionof which is broken off.
Left arm broken below the elbow.
Find-place
unknown. (Plate XXI b.)

Drapery over

I

his

left

1G.— Fragment (ht. V 2.V or 0 m. 367) of a slab with flying, garland

carrying figures in relief.
I 17.

Fragment (ht. 6" or 0 m. 152) of a sculpture with

foliagelow relief and on a projecting piece two figurines flying to proper

both headless and much injured.
loin-cloth and holding a garland

The one in front
in botha maleiswearing ahands before his breast.

second, slightly smaller, is a female, nude to the waist.

It seems thatright arm was raised and that her left was stretched out over theher companion.
I

in

left,

The
her

head ofFind-place unknown.

IS.— Fragment (ht. V 3 " or 0 m. 38) of a slab containing the upper

portion of a malefigure, wearing an elaborate turban and the usual
ornaments and holding in his right hand a sword, partly broken over his,shoulder.

A child, facing, is standing in his left hand, resting, as it were,against his shoulder and holding its hands folded before
figurine of the child is defaced.

away square.
I

The corners

Find-place unknown.

19.— Bas-relief (ht. Hi"

orof theslab

itsbreast.

The

have been out(Plate XXI a).

0

m.

285),

representing a fight between a four-armed figure,considerably

injured,probably Vislwu in

(

138

)

avataras or incarnations (attributes irrecognizable) and a
monster with enormous head and protruding eyes. Behind the figure
supposed to represent Vishnu, stands a female figure holding what seems
one

of

his

to be a staff.

In

front

four

miniature figures are

Find-placeplaying.

unknown.
I 20.- -Fragment (ht.

V Sh" or 0 m. 515) of a slab, containing thehead of a Buddha figure under a projecting arch which i> decorated with a
Nose missing. Hair arranged in concentric rows offoliated design,

schematic waves surmounted by a high ushn'ashu of peculiar shape.

Find-place unknown.

21.— Fragment (ht. 1' 3"Ithe hand ofor 0 m. 495) with portion ofa colossal image.

—

Fragment (ht. 4" or 0 m. 10) consisting of the head and rightI 22.
hand of a female figurine with a cluster of flowers at the side of her head
Find-place unknown.
I 23.

— Fragment

24.

I— Fragment

female figures.
I 25.

(ht.

11 " or 0 m. 277) with awingedflying figure

Find-place unknown.

carrying a garland.

(ht.

9" or 0 m. 23)

with portions of two standing-Find-place unknown.

— Fragment(ht.

oh" or 0 m. 139)

(ht.

7%"

with thegs

1of a standing

male figure.
I 20.

— Fragment

or 0 m. 997) ofa bas-relief containing theheads of two figures.

27.— Fragment (ht. 10 " or 0 m. 24S) of a bas-reli.f withI

28.— Fragment (ht. 9" or 0 in. 222

Ifiguretofemale;width 1' C"or 0 m.

455) of awith a border of scroll-work over which one malebas-relief decorated

seatedaFind-place unknown.

figure standing facing under an ogee arch.

front

and

part

of

a

secondfigure.

Find-place

unknown.
I 29.

— Fragment(ht.

4} " or 0 m.

full-blown lotus and another flower.

115)

of a

bas-relief exhibitingaFind-place unknown.

Fragment (ht. 1' 1" or 0 in. 232) carved with two bas-reliefs
The upp.T panel which contains a standing
placed one over the oth< r.
I

30.

The lower panel shows two male figures worTheshipping a ntv.pci decorated with three parasols and two streamers,
panel which is enclosed between pilasters, is broken below. The fragment

Buddha figure is defaced,

was found kt in a wall at the Sit alii GhatI and obtained fur the Museum
by Pandit Eadha Kridiua. On loan from the Government of India.
1' 7" or 0 m. 49) of a railing, consisting of aI 31. _ Fragimnt (ht.
railing-pillar, on which is a male figure holding a lotus

in

his

right

hand,

Pl.ATK

XXI.

139

(

of a coping stone carved with a)head under an ogee arch and of three

The fragment was found at ashrine at the Sit alii GhatI and acquired for the Museum by Pandit Eadha
cross-bars decorated

Krishna.

with lotus-rosettes.

On loan from the Government of India.

—Fragment

9''

with

a

railing consi-ting of a railing pillar with a male figure holding a garland,

a

I 32.

(ht.

or 0 m.

225)

of a bas-relief carved

coping stone carved with an ogee arch and two cross-bars on each side.

The fragment was found in clearing a well at Jamalpur and made over tothe Museum by Lieutenant-Colonel W. Yost, I. M.S.
I 33. —Fragment (ht. 7J " or 0 m. 19) carved on

Deva figure carrying an offering (-?) in

its

left

one side with a flying

hand and on the reverse

with flowers and leaves in low relief.

The sculpture was preserved at the
Allahabad Library till December 1907 and probably originates from the
Jamalpur site.
I 34.

—Fragment(ht.

(Skr. supawia) flyingtoL'

6" or 0m. 457) with the figure of a Harpy

the proper left and holding an

The
The

offering.

figure has conventional wings and tail and wears a turban and dhoti..

sculpture has perhaps made part of a tablet ofsentinga stiipa

worshipped by suparms,

surmounting the stiipa is
the

still

preserved.

homage like no. Q 2,

repre-A

parasol

portionThe fragment was presented

Museum by Mr. Ingram in 1909 and came fromoccupied by Mr. Growse.
I35.— Fragment(ht.

of thetothe bungalow onceIts original find-place is unknown.
1'

3"

or 0 m.

38)

withportion of animbussurrounded by foliage of the plpal tree {ficus religiosa) and with the figureof a flower-showering celestial being, flying to the proper right.

The fragment evidently formed the upper, proper left corner of a Buddha image. It
was brought to the Museum in 1909 from ^Jphahar 6 miles south-west of
Mathura, east of the road to Sonk.
I 36,—-Fragment (ht. l r 1" or 0 in. 33) with portion of a circular halosurrounded by foliage of the plpal tree (fious religiosa) and with thefigure of a flower-showeringcelestial,

flying totheproper right.

fragment evidently is the upper, proper left corner of a Buddha

image.

TheIt

to have come from Anand Tlla at Uchhagaon, 7 miles south-west of
Mathura on the road to Sonk. On loan from the Government of India.

is said137.

—Fragment(ht. lOf "figures, a Bodhisattva and two

or 0 m.

273) of afriezacarved with three

Buddhas, seated cross-legged.

The Bodhi-

sattva raises his right hand in the attitude of imparting protection {abhaya-mudrii), the Buddhas are seated in meditation.

Each ofthose

figuresappears to have been placed between two attendants standing and holding
flowers and garlands, but only four of these attendant figures are preserved.

(

UO

)

The uppcf part of the frieze is decorated with

foliated border

a

which

in

animal heads appear to be introduced,
Similar rows of BuddhasThis sculpture may be compared with I 7.
with attendants are found in the Graeco-Buddhist art of Gandhara.

On

Obtained from a bugh'tchu near the BhtitOsar mound.

loan fromtheGovernment of India,
I 38.— Fragment (ht. 10}" or 0 m. 267 ; width 3' IV' or 0 in. 975)
The
of a frieze carved with a row of six figures walking towards the right.
first figure of therow, who wears the dress of a wealthy lay-member, carries

a garland. Of the remaining five, who all wear monks' robes, one holds ashown

fly-whisk, one blows in a conch-shell and three are

beating a drum.

inthe act of

The proper right half of the relief is occupied by acitygate, from which presumably the procession just described was supposed tohave issued.

The gate is flanked by two square towers with conical

Each tower has a window and over it a balcony with balustrade.

roofs.

The gateadjoins a crenelated wall, over which the slopping roefs of three buildings

are visible.

In front of the wall we notice a structure with a window (?)

and curvilinear roof decorated with three pinnacles. This building is
It is possible that the group of edifices
evidently shown in side elevation.
shown here represents not a town but a Buddhist convent. With the scene
here portrayed may be compared that found on the tor ana architrave fromthe Katra (no,M 1). Finally we notice a dragon rampant who occupies theproper right end of the carved surface.
Pandit Kadha Krishna obtained this sculpture from the Gall Qanungoy.in where he found it let into the wall ot ahouse.

On loan from theGovernment of India.
I 39.

— Fragment(ht. 1'9" or 0 m. 53) of a frieze containing three malefigures, perhaps Bodhisattvas, standing to front with the rightto the shoulder and the left placed on the hip.

small vessel in his left hand.

per right

side.

The central

hand raised

figureholds aThere are traces of a fourth figure on the pro-

The sculpture, which belongs to the Kushana

period,wasobtained from Kans-ka-Qila' on the bank of the Jamna in Mathura City.

On loan from the Government of India.
I 40.

— Sculpture(ht. 1'G" or 0 m. 457) representing a male figure

standing with a fly-whisk in his right hand.

Itbelongs to theperiod and came from the SarasvatI Kuud, 1 mile

Delhi road, wh^reit

Government of India.

Kushanafrom Mathura on thewas worshipped as Krishna.

On loan from

the

(

141

)

J-P AND R — 5— ARCHITECTURAL SCULPTURES.
J.

Railing pillars (ht,*J.l.

carved with afemaleRailing Pillars.

C 8|" or 2 m. 04.

sectionwearing a(defaced)figure;1'

6£" by 9|"

scarf

tied

round

her waist, a broad bead girdle, bracelets, anklets and other ornaments.

She holds a bunch of flowers (!) in her right and a defaced umbrella ofOver this figure is a rectangular panel
plaited sedge in her left hand.

One is address jd by an ogre
The other monkey seems(Skr. yaksh'i) who applies his hands to his eyes.

representing two monkeys seated on stools.

to cure the eyes of anowl (?) perched on a similar

The scene, which

enclosed between

isOn bothprobably refers to some Jdtaka. 1

mortici's, 1' 8" long, for the reception

of

stool

of wickerwork.

a pair of Persepolitan pilasters,
sides

of thecross-bars.

The pillar once stood on the Bhutesar moundinstone are

The backisthreeplain.

front of the entrance

tothe temple where it was discovered by General Cunningham and Mr. Growse"

On the side of the rail," the former says, "is engraved the Ariau letter h,which was the figure for 100 in use at Mathura during the Indo-Scythianperiod.

There must, therefore, have been no less than 100 of these large

railing pillars, which, with their rails, would represent a lengthof notless

The figure in question, however, appears to be 30.
Growse, Mathura p. 120 and J. A. S. B.,(A. S. R., Vol. Ill, pp. 21 f.
Vol. XLVII (1878), part I, p. 118 plate XIX).

than 300 feet."

:

;

J 2.

Railing pillar (ht. 6' 5" or 1 m. 952;

section lOj- "by 10"), thecarvedon one face

theof unloosing

central portion of which is octagonal in section.

It isonly with a female figure with elaborate headdress inher girdle.

act

She stands over a crouching, grotesque figure with protruding

A medallion above the female

eyes and erect ears which is partly defaced.
figure represents

a

man

with

an

umbrella

apparently is addressing an assembly of people.

in

his

left

hand

who

On both sides of the pillar

are three mortices (Hi'' long) for the reception of cross-bars.

J 3.

Railing pillar (ht. 6' 2h" or 1 m. 89 section 1 1" by 10") The front is;embellished with three lotus-rosettes, the central one containing a human face.

On the top there are traces of a circular medallion. At the sides are four
mortices, 1' long, for the reception of cross-bars.
tical with that which Mr.

Perhaps this pillar is iden-

Growse recovered from a well near the Balbhadar

Kund, though the measurements do not quite agree (Mathurd p. 120.)
1
Cunningham describes this bas-relief incorrectly as "a comic scene between two
lions and two monkeys."
Growse rightly culls the four actors of the scene "two monkeys, abird, and a misshapen human dwarf."
It is, of course, quite possible that the story depictediiereis that of only one monkey shown twice in diffeient attitudes on the panel.

(pillar (Jit. 4'

Railing

J4.

142

)

S" or 1 m. 42;

section11"

by 6i") carved

on one face with a nude female figure in the act of unloosing a scarf fromaround her waiht. She is standing on a prostrate dwarf, his chin restingon his hands. Over her is a male figure (defaced) on a balcony, his rightarm slung round the neck of a boy who holds a flute (?) in his

right hand.

On the reverse are three panels carved in low relief which referbirth-storyof Visvantara(Pali Vesantara)

The scenes represented are the following

theparagonofto thegenerosity'.

:

Top panel Visvantara, who lives in exile as a hermit, gives his children
away to a Brahmin.
:

Central panel

He makes the children over to the Brahmin notwith-:,standing their supplications.

Lower panel

and fruit.

:His wife returns to th-? hermitage carrying a watervessel

In the two upper panels the man with theleft hand must be the Bodhisattva Visvantara.

littlevesselhisin

The other with the topknot

and the garment of bark (Skr. valkala) is the Brahmin.

On each side are three mortices (10|" long) for the reception of thecross-bars.

The sculpture was acquired by General Cunningham from theverandah of achaupul or dhuram.v'tln near

the temple of Bhutesar,

together with no. J 5 and three other pillars all belonging to the same railing.

Of the three remaining pillars one is now in the Lucknow Museum and two
are in the Calcutta Museum, which ako possesses a sixth pillar of this railingdiscovered previously by Colonel L. B. Stacy. Cunningham makes, moreover,mention of two
were

in a

fragments

museumatAgra.

of pillars

of

this

railing

which

in

1860

These may be nos. J 51 and 52 returned to

Mathura from Allahabad in December 1907. Professor Grlinwedel, in referring to the

The

Bhutesar pillars, maintains that they are not Buddhist.

occurrence, however, of the Visvantara-jfitaka on one of them can leavenodoubt that they belonged to a Buddhist edifice, presumably a stapa (Cun-ningham, A. S. R., Vol. Ill, pp. 20ff, plates VI, VII and XI ;Growse, Mathura,pp.

120f. Grunwedel, Buddhist Art, p. 41 ; Burgess, Ancient Monuments,

plates 58-59 ; Anderson, Catalogue, Pt. I., pp. 186-190, M. 15 a, b andBailing pillar (ht. 4' 7" or 1 m. 393

c.)

J5.
section 10J" by 7*") carved
with a nude female figure in the act of adjusting a pendant to her right carwith the aid of a mirror in her right hand.

;

She stands on a prostrate dwarf.

Over her arc two male figures on a balcony, one turning away from the other1

Tbis birth-story is no. 547 of tbe Pali book (ed. Fansboll)

vol.

VI, pp. 470ff. transl.

Rouse vol. VI, pp. 247ff. and is also fouiid in the Sanskrit collection Jutaka-malano. 9, pp. 61ff.

(ed.

Kern)

Pi.a-il

RaII.IM,

I'lI.f.AKI

ROM CllAUKAKA MdL'M).

XXI L

UH

(

)

On the reverse tire three panels, much

who seems to otivr hini a garland.

worn, with scorns whii-h probably refer to the jo.taku of the tigress 1 .

Top jiaael

The Bodhi-attva seated between two attendants.
The Bodhisattva as ascetic, seated on a cushion
Central panel::

In front of him

holy grass.

his

of

disciple and the hermit's hut behind aretraceable.

Lowermost panelof the pillar three:

The tigress de\ouring the Bodhisattva. On each side

mortices(Iflung) for the reception of crossbars.

It

was acquired by General Cunningham, from a dh'-'.ramsOld near the templeof Bhiitcsar and must have belonged to the same railing as no. J-i.
3' 5" or 1

J6. Railing pillar (lit.

m. 04 section Hi" by 5-1".);

On theobverse is a female figure standing on a prostrate dwarf, of which alone partof the face is preserved, and under a tree, which she

hand; while her left hand rests on ths hip,borate girdle round her loins, a torquethebut wears an ela-

and a necklace hanging between

On thj re vers.- are three compartments containing scenes ofbreasts.

In the upper panel there is an enclosure with a sacred treeadoration.

which

grasps with her right

SJhj is nude,

being worshipped by two male persons with elaborate head-dress.

isOne stands with folded hands;

the other seems tooffer lotus-flowers.

The

central panel has an almsbowl (?) worshipped by two male figures similar to

In the lower panel we see a Buddha and another

those of the upper panel.

figure standing in the attitude of adoration.
ismissing.

On the two sides

The lower portion of the pillar

are three mortices (9f long) for the recep-

tion of cross-bars.

*J7.

Fragment

railing pillar.

(ht.

2'

11"

or 0 m.

SO; section 9i" by G") of aOn the obverse is a male figure of Faun-like appearance withnecklace of beads and other ornaments.
He is stand*elaborate turban,

ing under a mango tree in blossom with his right hand raised to his lips, andwith his left placed against his thigh.

He wears a sash round his waist anda curious necklace round his shoulders.

Over the tree is a balcony without

figures.

On the reverse are three sunk panels carved in relief.

panel contains a sacred tree surrounded with arailing,

The upper

and worshippedby two male figures who approach it with offerings of garlands and lotusflowers.

In the central panel are two seated male figures in front of one,;stands a bench on which a couple of birds are perched.
in the background.

The lower reliefis

Two figures appear

almost entirely destroyed.

scene is enclosed between two Persepolitan pilasters with a single
lion couchant in their capitals.

EachwingedOn both sides are two mortices (9" long) for

the reception of cross-bars.
TUvjdta&a of the tigress ia the first story of the Jaia/caraala (ed. Kern) pp. IS.

144

(

)

Bjneuli tV uppif piiil is an iusu'iptioa iu ouo
22,which was first publishe

Laden.

8i" or 0 m.

of

lino

by Mr. Growse and re-edited by Professor

1

Kathikasa danam "Gift of
On pakeographical grounds theIt reads Abhyiihtxropastctyukcisa

Kathika the servantofthe interior

seuipture is to be assigned to the early".

Kushanafrom one of the Chaubdivi mounds (namely A
steatite relic-casket, now

the

in

Calcutta

period.

It

was obtained— the same which yielded theby Mr. Growse, who

Museum)erroneously described the figure on the obverse as a dancing girl.

With ithe found a copper-coin of Kanishka.
(Plate XXII.
alsohid. Ant.

Mathura, 2nd eel., p. 114, with plate, 3rd ed., p. 123 Cf;

Vol. VI, p. 219, no. 6 and J. A. S. B, Vol., XLVII (1878)

pt. I, p. 188, plates,

XVIII and XX and Liiders. Ind. AntXol. XXXIII,;

p. 152, no. 29.

J 8.

Railing pillar (lit. nulii ling tenon 3' 8" or 1 in. 115 ;section7"

On the oover.se is a female figure with a scarf round her shoulders,by 5").

She holds a bunch of flowers in her righthand and stands under a tree on a dwarf who is lying on his back withhL, hjaJ resting on a cushion.
The back of the pillar is ornamented witha girdle and various ornaments.

two

full

and twohalf

On both sides are three mortices,

lotus-rosettjs.

10£" long, for the reception of cross-bars.

The top and bottom of thispillar are bevelled, from which Cunningham concludes that they

belonged toa flight of steps.
; section 7J" bya scarf and a girdle
wearing
carved
one
side
are
on
with
a
femalefig
4f")round her loins and the uoual ornaments. She is standing on the belly of a

J 9. Railing pillar (ht. including tenon 3' 7" or 1 m. 09

dwarf who is lying on hijback with folded hands, his head resting on aWith her Left nan I siu grasps a branch of the tree under which
In her right is some indefinite object. The back of theshe is standing.
cushion.

pillarisornamenujd

wicti

two

two hahfull an.llotus-rosettes.

sides arc three mortices, 8" long, for the reception of cross-bars.

On bothThe pillar

has a bevelled top and must have formed part of the side-railing of a staircase {A. iS. H., Vol.,J 10.

X\r II p. 110

Railing pillar

(ht.

;

3'

plate

2h"

XXXI h.)or

0 m. 949;

section7h" by 4£")

carved on one side with a female figure holding a flower in her right handand standing under a balcony over which a defaced rigure is partly visible.
On the obverse is a medallion with a stupa decorated with a parasol andstreamers, and one

full

and two

half

lotus-rosettes.

three mortices, o'£" long, for the reception of cross-bars.

with J 12, was obtained by Mr. Growse from theOn each sideare

The pillar, together

mound of Jaisinghpura,a village on the road between Mathura and Brindaban,(Plate XXIII.

Cf.

(

J.

145

A.S. B. Vol. XLVII (1878), pt. I,

A. 8. R. Vol. XVII

;

plate

)

118

p.

Railing pillar (ht. 3' ±" or 0 m. 91

J 11.

plates XVIII and XX. Cf.

;

XXXI a).
section 7 J" by 3 J") carved;

on one side with a female figure wearing the usual ornaments, a bead girdle
and a scarf which she holds with her left hand.

In her right hand she has abunch of lotus-flowers raised over her shoulder.
the head of two figures looking

over

it.

Above is a balcony withOn thereverseisamedallion

with a ztiipa decorated with streamers, one full and two half lotus -rosettes.

On both sides of the pillar are three mortices, 7" long, for the reception of
From Jaisinghpura (Plate XXIII.

cross-bars.

plate

Cf. A. S. R.,

XVII

Vol.

XXXI e.)J 12. Railing pillar (ht, 2' 11" or 0 m. 885 section 6J" by 5") carved
on the obverse with a female figure wearing a girdle and ornaments and;

The arms and feet are broken.

holding a flower stalk (?) in her right hand.

Over herisa balcony with a male figure with short curly hair resting hishead on his right hand.
over the balustrade.

His left arm which is now broken reached down
The reverse is ornamented with two full and two

On both sides are mortices. 7J" long, for the reception(A. S. R., Vol. XVII, plate XXXI f.)

half lotus-rosettes.
of cross-bars.

Fragment (ht. 3' 1" or 0 m. 95*J13.

section 9J" by 6") of a:railing

On the obverse is the lower portion of a female figure standing onpillar.

She wears a bead-girdle round her loins and the usual orna-a cushion.

The reverse has two compartments. In the upper one are twoearing elaborate turbans. Each holds a bunch of lotus-

ments.

male figuresflowers

inright hand.

hisScythian dress:aIn the lower panel is a male figure in Indo-

conical cap, atunic,

trousers andheavy boots.

Hehand ou the grip of his sword bound to his left side, andholds iu his right hand a bunch of flowers and a garland which he seems
to have taken from a flat basket or dish carried on the head of a kneelingdwarf.
Both scenes are enclosed between pilasters. On each side are two
rests

his

left

mortices, 9" long, for the reception of cross-bars.

There is an inscription

beneath the lower panel consisting of five letters.

I read it

vasa " Gift of Sanghadeva."that he was a Buddhist and that the pillar belongs

The character used
the Kushana period.

theinscriptionisSa[7h]ghade-atoBuddhistrailing.

shows that it was erected during

Find-place unknown.

Railing pillar (ht. 3' or 0 m. 911

J 14.
obversein:

From the donor's name it may bo inferred;

section 6"

by 3i").

On thea female figure standing on a cushion under a tree and wearing

round her loins a bead-girdle and a scarf which she holds with her righthand.
With her left hand she grasps a heavy necklace which she seems to

146

(

)

On the reverse are two full mid two half lotus-

be putting round her neck.

At the sides of the pillar are three mortices,

rosettes.

."-J"long, forthe

(A. S. R., Vol. XVII, plate XXXI g.)
reception of cross-bars.
J 15 Railing pillar (ht. 2' 8V or 0 in. 825 section 61" by 41"):

carved on the

obversewitha malestanding under a tree.

figurebunch

Hewears a conical head-dress and holds in bis right hand a
On the reverse are two full
flowers and in his left an indistinct object.
mortices, 7|" long,
three
sides
are
On
both
lotus-rosettes.
and two halfof lotus-

To the left of the head of the figure are throe
numerals read by Cunningham as 118. The numerical symbols used
partlyfilledthow

thatwith mortar.

the railing to which this pillar belonged was constructed in the

Kushana period.

It was found with five others of

excavation of the Jam'dpur (or Jail

(Cunningham, A. ft R.. Vol.
Vol. V (1871 ), p. 194

J 16.

in

the

R. A. S„ X.

S„

size

mound.

I. p.

241

;

Dowson,

J.

XXX).

plate

:

)

the same2" or 0 m.G6

Fragment (ht. 2'

section:71" by 3J") of a railingon the obverse with a female figure nude but for ornaments,
With her left
Stone broken at ankles.
girdle and scarf round her loins.

pillarcarvedhand she holds her scarf, and in her right some fruit which a dwarf, crouchThe female isino- at her feet, is stretching out both hands to receive.
distinguished by a curious head-dre-s of which the hair i^ tied together ina knot on the top of the head. Behind her head is a curtain fastened on
both sides to pilasters, of which the capitals alone are visible. Over thisOn the reverse are one half and two fullcurtain peep* a female (?) head.
relief,thebottomhalf one being missing.
lowin
On bothlotus-rosettes
sides of the pillar are three mortices,bars.

Find-plaee unknown.

J 17.

G-J"

long, for the

XXXI b.)2' 9" or 0 m. 885
section 8\" by 4f ") of aafemaleobversewithfigure standing under aonthecarvedFragment (ht.

railing pillar

reception of cross-(A. S. R.. Vol. XVII, plate;

The revcr-e has three compart-tree, which she gra->p-> with her left hand.

In the upp -r one is a casket placed on a throne and surmounted
The middle one has a male figure with anwith streamers.
parasol
bv aments.

elaboratehead-dress

whotakes fruit or flowers from a flat basket or dishTh' Lover on-! contains a maleplaced on the head of a kneeling dwarf.
as on the central panel, but
thesuae
posturealmo-tinstanding
figurej

Tfp scenes are enclosed between
holding in his right hand a fly-whi-kf'V(.hi both >idos are three' mortices, Sf long, for the
Persepolitan pilasters,
reception of cro=s-bara.

J 18.

Find-place unknown.

Fragment (ht. 2' 4" or 0 m. 71

pillar carved with a Bodhisvttva

figure,.

section 8V' by 4\") 0 f a railingd,. faced,

standing

under a fipal

Pi. at k

XXIII.

H7

(

trco

)

Circular halo with scalloped border.
Ushn'slta
His right hand is destroyed, but was evidently raised towards the(Jicus religiom).

broken.

shoulder in the attitude of protection.

A scarf hanging over his left arm

which rests on his hipround bothisthrownloosely

There

legs.

those of the inscribed BodhUattva statues of Sftrnath and

the

for

pillar.

On

On

reception of cross-bars.

(Plate III b.)

Fragment (ht, 1' 11" or 0 111. 342

J 19.
railinglong,mortices, fij"

Find-place unknown.

an

Saheth-Maheth.

On the reverse are two full and a portion of one half lotus-rosette.
each side are thiveisTin posture and drapery are similar toobject between his foot.

indistinct

one

side

81-"

section:by 4|") of athe legs of a female figure standing on

aresome indistinct object, and on the other side portions of two panels, much
The upper one shows a standing muh (?) figure dressed in a
defaced.
Anothertunic reaching down to the knees, trousers and stout boots.
figure, apparently female, is kneeling at his side and holds a basket(?)
between both hands. On each side are two broken mortices for crossFind-place unknown.
bars.
Fragment (ht. V 71" or 0 m. 595 section 71" by 41") of a
20.
J;railing pillar carved on one side with a portion of a female figure

under an aioka

standing

Her face, right arm and breasts are broken.

tree.

The

reverse is decorated with one full and a portion of one half lotus-rosette.
At each side are two mortice^, 81" long, for the reception of cross-bars.

The top of the stone is bevelled.
Fragment (ht.

*J 21.

1'

Find-place unknown.
9" by

91" or 0 m. 545; section5}") of arailing pillar, presenting on one side a prostrate dwarf on which a figure isOu the reverse is a panel with astanding of which only the feet remain.

figuredwarf-likewith short petticoat eanying on his head a flat dish or

basket filled with fruit or flowers from which another person whose head
The panel is enclosed between
take something.
is broken seems to
Persepolitan pilasters.

Under this panel

which I read -.—Jodasu.

is" [Gift] of Joda."

Find-place unknown.

sculpture belongs to the Kushana period.

Fragment (ht. Ill" or 0 m. 294

J 22.
pillar.

an inscription of three letters

The character shows that thesection 91";

On one face are the feet of a figure standing

reverse contains a panel with two wc unen. seated on

bow and the other touching her

pillar.

On51") of a railingon a cushion.

Thestools,one holding a

ear-ring with her left hand.

On each sidu

Find-place unknown.

of the stone is a mortice lor a cross-har.

J 23.

by

Fragment (ht. V 9" orO m. 503;

section S-l" by 51") of a railingone face are traces of two feet withOn the obverse is a panel with a man,some drapery (1) between.

whose head and right arm are

148

(

missing, seated on the head ofdwarf who holdsa1

scene refers to the Sutaaoma-jataka

stupa of Borobudur.

his

feet.

Possibly thiswhich occurs also on the Javanese

On both sides

It is enclosed between pilaster*.

mortice for a cross-bar.

J 24.

)

is

a

Find-place unknown.

Fragment (ht. 1' 7" orO m. 743

section H" by 51") of a railing:On one side are the legs of a female figure with heavy anklets. The

pillar.

The upper panel

reverse consists of two panel*.

building withhigh

In the lower panel, partly

defaced.

defac -d,tree a Buddha figure with right hand

unknown.

The carving
seatedmuchisunder the Bodhi

raised and left on his knee.
The
Each scene is enclosed between pilasters. On eachright shoulder is bare.
side is a mortice,i,an ornamental

contain-,presumably a temple.

roof,

9" long,

for

th;

:

receptionof across-bar.

Find- place(Plate III a)

Fragment (ht. 1' 6" or 0 m. 445 section 7" by 3") of a railingpillar carved on one side with a male figure standing and holding a fly- whisk
His left hand iv>ts on his hip. He
in his right hand over his shoulder.
tiedrouud his loin>. On the obverse are two
wears a dhoti and a scarf
J 25.

:

lotus-rosettes;

the lower one is defaced.

partly destroyed, oh"long, fortheOn each side arethree

reception of crovj-bars.

mortices

Find-place

unknown.
J 26.

Fragment (ht. 1' 2\" or 0 m. 3GS:

section 5" by 3}"/of a railingpillar in white sandstone carved with a female figure standing under] an aJoka

tree and unloosing a scarf fromthe knees.

h?r

The legs

left hip.

are missing below

The reverse is decorated with one half and one full lotus-rosette.

The fragment was evidently

part of a solid railing, thcros->-bars of whichwere not detachable.
(A. S., R., Vol. XVII, p. 110, plate XXXLZ. J. A. S. B., Vol.
(1878), pt. I.,

p. 119;with the figure of Maya Devi under the snl

Fragment (ht. 1' 81" or 0 m. 52

J 27.

tree. ")

section 8}" by 5") of a:

On one side are th 3 feet of a female figure standing onpillar.

XLYII

plate XX, where it is erroneously described as] a " pillararailingcushion.

The obverse contains two panels enclosed between pilasters. In the upper
panel are a male and female figure standing
the. lower has figure erect:

under a tree.
cross-bars.

J 28.

On each side is

long,

for

the

reception of

Find-place unknown,

Fragment (ht. 1' 10" or 0 m. 557

pillar carved on one side

The upper one is broken
1

a mortice,9''

section Gl" by 41") of a railingwith two medallions containing fabulous animals.
;

m the lower one is a crocodile.

Jataka (ed. Fausloll), Vol. V, p. 4oJtransl. Spoyer pp. 29]ff.

;;

Reveiso either

JalahamCdu no. 31 (ed. Kern) pp.

2o7ff

(

plain or defaced.

149)

On each side arc mortices, 9'' long, for cross-bars.

Find-place unknown.

Fragment (ht,

J 29.

railing pillar.

V 7" or 0 in. 477

One side are two lotus-rosettes

section:6 J"

the other;by 4") of aface is destroyed.

On each side are mortices, 7" long, for cross-bars.
Fragment (lit. 10.L " or 0 in. 207

J 30.
pillar.

On one side are two lotus-rosettes
Fragment

J 31.

railing pillar.

On one side is a lotus rosetteor 0 m. 201(

the other side is broken,:

section 74" by 4}" ?)of a railing:On one side is a portion of a lotus-rosette
Fragment (lit. 1' G

J 33.
pillar.

the other tace is destroyed.

;

V h " or 0 in. 215: section 6" by 4" 1) of a

Fragment ht. 6h"

J 32.
pillar.

(ht.

section 61-" by 4J") of arailing.

"or 0 in. 445

the other side is defaced.

;section 7" by 3^") of a:

On one side is the upper portion of a malestanding

figure,railing

underand holding aa cluster of full-blown flowers (carved invery lowbunch of lotus flowers in his right hand.

His left hand rests on his

relief)hip.

The reverse is carved with one full and on. half lotus-rosette.
j

On both sides are two mortices, Gh'' long, for the reception of cross-bars.
The top of the stone is bevelled. Find-place unknown.
9
J 34. Fragment (ht. 10-i or 0 ni. 27 section 8|" o\") of a railing pillar.
;

and a female figure

On the reverse is a portion of a panel with a maleFind-place unknown.

enclosed between pilasters.

J 35.
pillar.

Fragment(ht.

1L" or 0 m. 275

section 7" by 6" !.) of a;railing

On one side is a demon with human head, but erect, pointed ears andHe seems to support awide mouth over which are traces of a moustache.
railing, above which

the feet of a standing figure are still extant.

of mortice holes on both sides,*J 36.

Fragment(ht. 1'

TracesFind- place unknown.
3" or 0 m. 38;

section 8i" by 4£") of a rail-

On one side are the feet with stout boots of a figure standing
on a cushion. On the reverse in a panel enclosed between two pilasters areing pillar.

two men in the act of killing a tortoise with sticks. This is the concluding
scene of the birth story of the tortoise (Pali Kachohhapa-jdtaha) which isa Buddhist adaptation of the fable of the loquacious tortoise and the two
the Indian fable books Pafichatantra andgeese, which is found iu

Hitopcukki and is best known in the West from La Fontaine's La Tortus
et les deux

Canards (X 3).

1_

also on arailing-pillar

at

Bodb

1 A representation of the
tortoise jatak* occurs
den Hamer, De
Gaya and on the Buddhist temple Chandi Jleudut in Java (B. Kersjes and G.
plate
13).
Hague,
1903,
9,
Tha
p.
and
Batavi*Jtfendoet,
Tjanditranslation Rouse, \ ol. II, pp.
J«ia£a(ed. Fausboll) no. 213, Vol. II, pp 175ff
Cf,;

123ff. Pa

Mia taut, a(ed.

Kosegarten, Bonn, ISIS)

p.

70,

113; trawl. Beufey, p. 90,
535 f.

(Leipzig,1887), pp.
Mitopadeh IV, i; L. von Schroder, Indient Litvatur mil Cnltur

150

(

)

Under the panel are two letters which I read Dosn.

On each side is a broken mortice. 9" long, fur the
The fragment is reproduced by Cunningham
XXXIc), but no reference is made to it in the text.

reception of a cross-bar.
S. ii.,

Vol.

XVII,

plate

Its find-place is unknown.

(A. S. B„ 1906-7, p. 1561., fig. l-.B.E. F. E. 0., Vol. IX (1909), p.528/.).

Fragment

J 37.

(1'

21" 0 m.

section

367.

9" by

5")

a

of

railing

On one -ado is the lower portion of a standing male figure clad in a
On both sides traces ofReverse defaced.
tunic and close-fitting trousers.
pillar.

Find-place unknown.

mortices.

Fragment (ht. 74" or 0 m. 19

J 38.

section:

7i" by 3i") of a railingOn one side is a portion of a standing male figure wearing a tunicpillar.
and trousers. On the reverse is a lotus-rosette. Mortices broken. Findplace unknown.

Fragment

J 39.

(ht, 1' 6" or 0 m. -153;

section 7" by 6") of a railingpillar carved on one face with two lotus-rosettes.

side three mortices, 7|'' long.

Fragment

J 40.

On eachReverse plain.

Find-place unknown.

(ht. 1' 3" or

0 m. 48

section S" by 4");pillar.

On the obverse is the bust of a female

aioka

tree

of

a

railingunder anfigure standing(jonesui asoka) of which she clasps a branch

with

her

Above is a balcony over which two figurines are partly visible
On the reverse are a full and a half lotus-rosette. On each side are two
mortices for the reception of cross-bars. The fragment was the first Buddhist
sculpture found by General Cunningham at Mathurfi.
He discovered it on
the Katra site in 1853, and deposited it in the Lahore Museum.
At mysuggestion the Panjab Government made it over to the Mathura Museum inJuly 1905. Cunningham's designation of this sculpture as a broken Buddhist railing pillar with a figure of Maya Devi standing under the set I tree
right hand.

11

isincorrect (A.S. R, Vol. I, p. 237 and III, p. 15, plate XII B.)*J41.

Fragment (ht. 1' 2" or 0 m. 355:

section ah" by 0") of a railingon one side with a prostrate dwarf on whose back a female
standing of which only the feet remain.
On the obverse is apillar carved

figure isjranel enclosed

betweenpilasters.

Itshows an owl seated on a stool andwater on its head.
t wo monkeys pouringjdtaka of the owl (Pali Uluka-jatak").
apparently the numeral 30.

At both sides is a mortice, 9"clearing a well at the1village of

1

The scene probably refers to theBelowthis panel is a symbol,

The fragment was found in(!) long.
Jamil pur and rescued for the Museum by

On the Vltiba jataiaaeo Jataka(ed.

Fausbull)

Vol.

II,

pp. 352f.

No. 270 andtransl. House, Vol. II, p. 242.

The story o£ the owl forms aU j tha f uma story of the 3rd book of the Fahch atantra.

(

isi

)

Lieutenant Colonel W. Vosfc, I. M.S. (Cf. my Etudes de sculpture bouddiquein B. E. F. E. 0., Vol. IX, 1909, p. 530).

J 42.

Fragment (he. 2' 2" or 0 m. 66

section 8" by 4")ofa railing

On the obverse is the lower portion of a malepillar carved on two sides.

figure, presumably a;

Bodhisattva,

On the reverse are two

facing front.

panels, each representing a figure mounted on a fish or makara and enclosedOn

between two Indo-Scythian pilasters which support a chaitya architrave.
each side is a mortice, 9"long, to receive a cross-bar.

The pillar slopes atthe bottom like nos. J 8 and 9 which possibly indicates that it formedofthe balustrade

a

of

was

It

staircase.

at

the

part

Allahabad Library till

December 1907 and perhaps came from the Jamalpur site.

(Plate XXIV.)

Fragment (ht. T or 0 m. 61 section 8" by 4 }") of railing pillar
The obverse is carved with a standing male figure
sculptured on two faces.
J 43.

;

head andof which theheld round the waist

feet are

by a

This

missing.

figure is clad in a tunic,

and trousers, the dre.-s being similar to

girdle,He holds in his right handthat found on the coins of the Kushana kings.

a bunch of lotus-flowers and in his left an indistinct

On thebud.

reverseobject, perhaps a lotus

two panels enclosed between Indo-Scythianare

The upper panel which is much defaced coDtains what seems to
BuddhaThe
be a(!) figure seated in meditation inside a cave or shrine.

pilasters.

lower panel showsamanseated on a stool under a tree and petting (?) a
Cf. above I it.

opposite him.

bird placed on another stool

On each sidea mortice, 9 " long.

The fragment was preserved at the Allahabad
Library till December 1907 and perhaps came from the Jamalpur site.
is(Plate XXIV.)

J 44.

Fragment (ht. V 2|" or 0 m. 37

section S|" by 4") of a railing;pillar carved on one side with a male figure, standing to front, of which only

the lower half is preserved.

Buddha (?)

figureThe obverse, almost completely defaced, has aseated in

On both sides mortice

meditation.

holes.

It was preserved at the Allahabad Library till December 1907 and probably

originates from the Jamalpur site.

J 45.
pillarFragment (ht. V 7£" or 0 m. 495

carvedon twofaces.

One

rosette partly missing, and a half rosette.

(one broken) and a half rosette.

section 7*" by 4") of a railing;displays amedallion witha stupa, a

On the reverse are two rosettes

On both sides are mortices, 6"

long.

It

belonged to the Allahabad Library collection.

J 46.
pillar,Fragment (ht. V 9£" or 0 m. 545

carved on two

two are incomplete.

faces.

One

The reverse isissection 6J" by 6") of a railingcarved with three rosettes of which;

defaced, but was probably ornamented

iutho same fashion. At the sides are mortices, 6|" long.

It was preserved(at theAllahabad Library

till

152

)

December 1907 and probably

originatesfrom the Jamfdpur .site.

Fragment (ht. 1' 1J" or 0 m. 44 section 8|" by 4J-") of railingcarved both back and front. On the obverse is a lotus-flower on

J 47.
pillar;which a figure stood of which only one foot remains.
a panel, enclosed between two

Indo-Scythianpilasters.

On the reverse is
In the centre amale figure is standing with an indistinct object in his right hand.
sides mortices.

On bothwas kept at the Allahabad Library till December 1907

It

and came perhaps from the Jamalpur site.
*J 4S.

Fragment (ht. 2' 9" or 0 m. 836;

section 9" by 5J") of a railingOn the obverse is a standing figure completely defaced. On the reverse

pillar.

two panels much obliterated.

In the lower panel are a male figure and a crouching

female, standing.

dwarf.

In the upper panel are two figures, male andThese scei.

•

-eern to be similar to those on the reverse of No. J 18.

On two sides are mortices

9J"

On the

long.

tenon

of

the fragment

are three symbols.

J 49.

Fragment (ht. 9" or 0 m. 227; section 9^" by 5") having on one

side four conventional flowers and on theMortices on twosides.

back a defaced standing figure.

The carving on the obverse, which is much more

recent that on the reverse, evidently dates from a time when the jjillar frag-ment was used as a decorated
dan building.

building stone of some Hindu or Muhamnia-

It belonged to the

Allahabad Library collection.

Fragment (ht. 9" or 0 m. 277) of a railing pillar carved on one
side with a doorway and the lower half of a standing male figure and on the

J 50.

reverse with a defaced figure, apparently an Ailant.
It was preserved at theMortices on two sides.

Allahabad Library till December 1907 and perhaps

originates from the Jamfdpur site.

J 51.

Fragment (ht. 2' or 0 m. 61

carved on both -ides.
a figure of which
of a

only

;

section 11 J" by 7£") of railing pillar

Oa the obverse is a prostrate dwarf on which stoodOn the reverse is a portion
the feet are preserved.

panel containing two standing figures, one clad in a long robe.

Theother appears to be an ogre similar to the one on the bas-relief of the large

Th? fragment probably belongs to the same railing
The bas-relief seems toas the Bhutesar railing pillars nos. J 4 and 5.
(Plate XX1Y.)
represent some jutaka.

railing pillar no.

Jl.

*J 52. Fragment (ht. 2' 2" or 0 m. 66 section 9" by 7f") of a railingOn the obverse is a prostrate dwarf on which
pillar carved on both sides.
;

stood a figure of which only the feet remain.

On the reverse a somewhat

defaced panel contains the figure of an ascetic (?) who holds a staff in his left

hand and with his right points towards a bird (?) which is shown aoross thePlate XXIV.

153

(

The scene

trunk of a palm-tree.

)

is enclosed between

probably refers to some jataka.

pilasters ; itinverted letters which I

read Sivara.

Indo-Persepolitan

Beneath the panel are three

nameThis is perhaps theof thesculptor.

Fragment (ht. 2' 1" or 0 m. 635 section 9" by 7") of a railing
The obverse is completely obliterated.
on both faces.

J 53.
pillar,;carvedThe reverse has agreatly defaced

at the Allahabad Library tillwhich two male (?) figures
The fragment was preserved

panel, instand between Indo-Persepolitan pilasters.

December 1907, and probably originates fromthe Jamalpur site.

Fragment (ht.

J 54.

is

1'

10J" or 0 m.

57:

standing of which only the feet remain.

On the

an

a

panel

containing

goad (Skr. ankuia).
pilasters.

The;

section 8

f by 5^")The obverse is carved with rociv.j on which aof a railing pillar.

driven byelephantThe•fragment-one

isbelongs

rover eaismahaut who

figuredefai. ed

hold*

a

enclosed between Indo-Persepolitan
tothe Allahabad collection.

(PlateXXIV.)
J 55.

Bailing pillar(ht.

1|" or 0 m.

2'

sculptured with a graceful female figure wearing

047
a

;

Gi" by 4")

sectionbead

girdle,a scarf

and the usual ornaments. Her high head-dress deserves special attention.
She stands under an a&uka tree in blossom of which she clasps a branchwith her left hand, and leans with her back againstpresses with

her

left

The scene evidently

foot.

its

trunk, which she
theillustrates

belief,referred to in old Indian poetry, that an as oka tree can be made to blossom,

when touched by the

left

foot

of a fairwoman.

It

Kalidasas play " Mfdavika and Agnimitra," in which

rr callstethe heroine, while she performs the act just referred to at

her mistressthetwo full and one

Queen.

1The

reversehalf lotus-rosette.

of thepillaris

On both sides are

a

&cene

in

King watches,
the requestofdecorated withthree

mortices,

6f " long, for the reception of cross-bars. The lower portion of the stone
with the right foot of the figure is missing. The sculpture was broughtfrom the garden of the Collector's bungalow and made over to theMuseum by Mrs. Last

1908.
{Of. my Etudes de sculpture
bouddique in B. E. F. E. 0. Vol. IX (1909) p. 531.f, fig. 34.)
J 56. Railing pillar (ht. 2' 6f " or 0 m. 782 section 7" by 3J") carved
on one side with a male figure standing to front and holding a bunch offlowers over his right shoulder and an indistinct obj ect in his left hand.
in January;

His dress, consisting of a high conical cap, a tunic, trousers and boots, is
1

Other references to this custom from Sanskrit literature are Eaghuv., VIII, 63

and Meghadita (ed. Stenzler), p. 16, verse 75.

(

154

)

of peculiar interest, as it agrees with that of the royalties portrayed on the

He wears, moreover,Indo-Scythian coinage.

from which ahangs down intasselaThe

front.

identical in every detail with that of the humantorque and a belt

flat

dress of this figureis

Kuberadevotees on thegroup of Tahkal near Peshawar, now in the Lahore Museum \Over thefigureisprojection carvedaOn the reverse of thewindow.

pillarwith achaityaso-called

two complete and two halfarelotus-rosettes.

Both sides have three mortices, 6 J" long, for the receptionof cross-bars.

The top and bottom of the stoneitfrom which

are bevelled,

may be inferred that the pillar belonged to the balustrade of aTherailing-pillar

Nos. J57 to 62.

was acquired
Theserailing, were first noticed

at

the

of

villag3

pillars, which must havestaircase.

Kota together withbelonged to the sameand described by General Cunningham.

present specimen seems to bewithidentical

The

B (and P ?) of his list.

On loan from the Government of India.
Bailing pillar (ht. V ll"orO m. 602; section 7" by{A. S. B., Vol. XX, p. 51).

J 57.

sculptured on the front with a female figure.standing under3")

a tree withher back to the spectator and looking back over her right shoulder.
is shown in the actofculling

flowers.

with the feet of the figure is missing.

one half lotus-rosette;She
The lower portion of the stone

On thethe lower half rosette

reverseare three mortices, 6J" in length, to receive the

two

are

On

wanting.

iscross-bars.

full

and

both sides

This railing-from Kota and seems to be identical with A of Cunningham's
Cf. above sub no. J 56. On loan from the Government of India.

pillar comeslist.

Bailing*J58.

pillar[ht. 2'9" or

0 m. 863; section

7"

decorated on the front with a female figure erect on a prostratj

under atreeof which she clasps a branch with her left hand.

by 3")dwarf

Her right

hand rests on her hip. The reverse is carved with two full and two half
Above the upper half rosette there are two figureslotus-rosettes.
(reversed) which I read 4S (?) apparently the serial number of the railing

On each side are threepillar.

of cross-bars.

moitices, 6" in length,

appears that the pillar formed part of a staircase.

the reception

It came from Kota

seems to be identical with D?) of Cunningham's
sub no. J56. On loan from the Government of India.
(and 0J 59.

for

The top and bottom of the stone are bevelled, from which it

Bailing pillar

(ht.

3' or

0 m. 942

;

and

Cf.

above

section 7" by 3")

carvedlist.

on one side with a female figure standing to front and holding with herleft hand a necklace which she seems in the act of unloosing.
Her face
1

Cf. my Note sur une statue du Gandhdra conserves au muivt de Lahore, it

B. E.F.E. 0, Vol. Ill (1903) pp. ISOf.

155

(

&nd right arm are damaged.
is)On bothdecorated with two full and two half lotus-rosettes.

the pillar are three

The reverse

Over her is a chaitya window.

mortices, G"

long,

for thereception

sides

of

cross-bars.

ofThis pillar belongs to the Kota railing and is perhaps identical with F of

On loan from the Government

Cf. above sub. No. J56.

Cunningham's list.
of India.

by 3f")
carved on one side with a male figure standing to front on a cushion (?)
J 60.

Railing

pillar(ht.

He is clad in an ample robe,2'4" or 0 m. 733

of the pillar

with the7"leaving the right shoulder uncovered, andholds his right hand, adorned with a bracelet, in
scarf hangs over his left

section;hand which rests on hishead of the figure

front of his breast.

isOn both sides of thedecorated with two full and one half rosette.

A

The upper portion
The reverse is
missing.

hip.

pillar

The pillar

are three mortices, 6" in length, for the reception of cross-bars.

belongs to the Kota railing, but does not seem to occur on Cunningham's
Cf. above sub no. J56.

list.

J 61.

On loan from the Government of India.

Railing pillar (ht. 1'

10" or 0 m. 567

7"

by 31")

to front

under asection;carved on the obverse with a female figure standing

chaitya window and balancing a ball on her right elbow.
indistinct

object in

her right hand;her

The lower portion of the pillar with the feet of thereverse is decorated with two panels of whichsacred tree and the other a stiipa.

portion of the

about

6" in

pillar.

length,thefigurethe upper

missing.

side.

The

one contains a

reception of

are three mortices,stonecross-bars.

The

pillarwas

G of Cunningham's

brought from Kota and is apparently identical with
list.

is

The third panel is lost with the lower

On both sides of theforShe holds anarm hangs by herleft

On loan from the Government of India.
J 62.

Railing-pillar(ht. 2'3"

or 0 m.

703;

section6|"

carved on the front with a female figure standing to the proper
her back and right foot against the trunk of a tree

by

left

3")

with

and playing a harp

The head of the figure is lost with the upper portion of
The reverse is decorated in the same manner as in no. J59.
On each side of the stone are two mortices about 6" long. The pillar
came from Kota, but does not seem to have been described by
Cunningham. On loan from the Government of India.
with a plektron.

the pillar.

J 03.

Railing-pillar (ht.

3' 2"

or 0

m. 994;section6f"

by 4")

carved on one side with a female figure with elaborate head-dress standing
to front under a tree and holding ahand.

sword in her rightrests on the hip.

Both feet are missing.

two full and two

half rosettes.

The obverse

On each sideisof theThe

decorated

left

with

stone are three

156

(

mortices, about 6"

long,reception of cross-bars.

the

for

)

pillar and the next one (No. J 64) which

This railingseem to have belonged

to

the

same railing, were found let in a wall on both sides of the inscribed tablet
Pandit Radha Krishna secured the three sculpturesof homage (No. Q. 2).
for the Museum.

J 64.

{Of. V. A,

Smith, Jain Stii'p'i of Mathurii ; plate CIII)
2"

3'

Railing pillar (ht.

or

0 m. 994;

section 6" by 3£";

carved on the front with a female figure standing under a tree of which she

She looks in a mirror which she holds

clasps a branch with her left hand.

in her right hand.

The obverse is decorated with two

full

and two half

On each side of the stone are three mortices, about 6" long, forthe reception of cross-bars. Cf. above sub no. J 63. On loan from the Govrosettes.

ernment of India.

J 65.

Railing pillar (ht. 9" or 0 nr 235) belonging to a solid miniature

railing and carved on thefront withafemale figure standing withleft hand on the hip and holding a garland in her right hand.

portion of the stone withthe feet of

has a standing figure which

the figure is missing.

entirelyisdefaced.

her

The lower
The reverse

On each side of thepillar two cross-bars can be traced.

J 66.

Fragment (ht. including tenon 1' 9F or 0 m. 546; section 7" by3§") of a raibng

carved in front with a male figure, perhaps apillarBodhisattva, standing on a cushion.

The upper half of the pillar with thehead and bust of the figure is lost.

Beneath it is a winged dragon running(or flying ?) to the properright

and carrying

in

its

mouth what appears

On the reverse are a full and a half lotus-rosette, defaced.

to be a garland.

On both sides are two mortices, 7§" long, for the reception of cro»s-bar.
Thesculptureof Pall

was found on the top of the Nonusur Tlla near the village

Kherii, 3

December 1908.
J 67.

miles

south of Mathura, and placed in theMuseum in

On loan from the Government of India.

Fragment (ht.

1' 3" or 0 m.38) of a railing pillar carved on one

side with the lower portion of a standing malefigure and on

the reverse

with a sunk panel containing two standing male figures in Indo-Scythiandress, each holding a garland.

Above and beneath these must have been

similar panels, the feet of two figures of the upper panel being preserved.

Obtained from Any6r near Govardhan.

On loan from the Government ofIndia.

*J 68. Railing-pillar (ht. 2' 1|" or 0 m. 649) carved on one face with
He holds a bunch ofa male figure standing to front under a balcony.
flowers in his right hand which is raised to die shoulder. The reverse isdecorated with two complete and one half lotus-rosette.

Above the latter

157

(

there are two letters which I read

They showRama.

the sculpture to

Obtained from a math in the Gopalpur

belong to the Kushana period.

On loan from the Government of India.

Quarter of the City.

J 69.

:

)

Fragment (ht. V 5" or 0 m. 432) of a railing-pillar carved on one

side with a female

figure,standing on a cushion.

of which only the feet wioh bangles remain,

The reverse shows a sunk panel containing a malefigurine, perhaps a Buddhist monk, holding a bunch of flowers in his right

From Arjunpura Mahalla in Mathura

hand.

City.

On loan from theGovernment of India.

J 70.

Railing-pillar (ht. 2' 1" or 0 m. 635) carved on the front with afemale figure standing with her right arm raised and on therosettes.

obverse with

From Arjunpura Mahalla inBoth sides are defaced.

the City.

On loan from the Government of India.
J 71.

Railing-pillar (ht. 5' 5 J"or1

m. 665; section 1' 1" by 7J")

carved on the obverse with a female figure, defaced, standing in the act of
unloosing her girdle.

She is standing on a prostrate dwarf, his chin restingon his hands, and is surmounted by a balcony over which two figures, both

The reverse is decorated with threedefaced, are partly visible.
defaced,partlytslupa surmounted with a triple parasol.
cobras.

This scene, which also occurs on a Sarnath sculpture, probablyrefers to thelegend, wasrelic-tower ofRauiagrama which, according

guarded by the

Sagas

1

each to contain three figures, but are.

Buddhist

to a

The remaining two panels seemtoomuch defaced to be

On both sides of the pillar are mortice holes,

11'

long.

The

identified.
pillarfound by Pandit Radha Krishna inside the Maholl Paur (orMathura City.

It

pillars nos. J4-5.

J 72.

Fragment

feet remain.

(ht.

8" or

0

in.

203) of a railing

was standing

It was found inside the Maholl Paurloan from the Government of India.
Cf.

was

Gate) ofmust have belonged to the same railing as the Bhutesar
On loan from the Government of India.

prostrate dwarf on which another figure1

panels,

The top panel represents a
The dome is encircled by four

enclosed between pilasters.

A S. S. for 1904-5, p. 89, fig. 12.

ofofpillar,with awhich only the

Mathura City.

On

158

(

)

K.— Railing coping-stones.

K 1.

Coping stone (ht. 10" or 0 m. 253;

width 4' 1" or 1 in. 24;

andthickness 8" or 0 m. 23) of a railing, carved on each side with a series of

On one side arc two such arches,ogee arches enclosing sacred symbols.

one with a conch and the other with a round object placed on a triple
One of theplatform. On this side there are portions of two more arches.
latter contains halfof aBuddhistOnrailing.

obverse one has athebouquet (?) and the other a figure peeping over a curtain. This side of
the sculpture is identical with Cunningham's drawing of a railing copingThis is possibly due

stone except that the two last subjects are reversed.
to an oversight andCunningham.

the stone may

In any case,itbe identical with that reproduced bymust belong to the samerailing.

The

which Cunningham's coping-stone is pictured is marked Kankdll

plate onIn the bottom of the stone are three mortice holes, each measuring

Tilii.

about 7" by 2f ", placed about 10" apart.

It

was preserved at the Allaha-bad Library till December 1907 and perhaps originates from the Jamalpur(Cunningham, A. S. R. Vol. Ill, p. 25, plate YIII).
site.
K 2. Coping-stone (ht. Ill" or 0 m. 293 width 2' 5" or 0 m. 735;;

and thickness 7i" or 0 m. 9) of arailing carved on both sides

with a series

On one side is a complete archof ogee arches enclosing various subjects.

with an almsbowl, which contains offerings, and with two conches, and a
portion of a second arch with a fragmentary figure,Deva.

The two arches on theofferings,

apparently a flying

have one almsbowl

obverseand the other a half lotus-rosette.

are two mortices, each measuring 6A" by 3", placed 1' apart.

stone is of precisely the same type asin themeasurements indicates thatrailing.

It

was kept

may have belongedit

Library tillcame perhaps from the Jamalpur site.
K 3. Fragment (ht. 8" or 0 in. 203 width;

thickness 6-|" or 0 m. 17) of a railingOn the obverse a human-faced

withThe coping-

K 1, but some slight differenceno.

at the Allahabad

filledIn the bottom of the stone1'

coping-stone

to a different

December 1907 and9^" or 0 m. 545 ; androunded at the

top.

animal to right between naturalistic

On the reverse is a conventional

foliage surmounted by a chaitya border.

lotus border surmounted by raised bands on which is a row of stupaa (orbell and circle border).

K 4.

Mortice on one end.

Fragment (ht. 8f " or 0 m. 22 width 11|" or 0 m. 29 ; and thick;ness 7f " or 0 m. 195) of a coping-stone.

K 5.

Fragment (ht.

7£" or 0 m. 186

Obverse foliage;;

reverse plain.

width 2' 1A" or 0 m. 668 ; andthickness 6" or 0 m. 131) of a coping-stone of a railing slightly rounded at

(

159

)

the top and carved on both sides with a series of ogee arches.
is almostcompletely defaced.

two half-arches, thefctoneOn each side are one complete

being broken at one end.

One

side

arch andThe sculpture wasobtained from a small Hindu shrine near the Balabhadar Kurd.

K6.

Fragment(ht.

carved on three sides.

5" or 0 m. 126) apparently of a coping-stone

Two opposite faces are decorated with ogee arches

in one of which is the figure of a goose carrying lotus-flowers.
ishollow beneath.

K7.

The

stone

Find-place unknown.

Fragment (ht. 4|" or 0 m. 117) apparently of astone decorated with a running human-faced animal.

railing

coping-—(

Fragment)

Railing cross-bars.

L.

L I.

160

V 3£" or 0 m. 385(ht.

of the cross-bar of a railing.

length V WV> or 0 in. 595);

On both skies is a medallion witha lotus-Find-place unknown.

rosette.

L 2.

Railing cross-bar (ht. Ill" o r0 in. 295

width 1' 7" or 0 m.

;

495)

carved on one side with a medallion containing a lotus-rosette from whichon horseback projects. The sculpture was obtained by
Pandit Radha Krishna from a weaver (kofi) who worshipped this figure

a male figureasZahir Plr or Gugga, whereas the Brahmins believedtoitrepresent

Kalki the tenth incarnation of Vishnu.

L 3.

Railing cross-bar (ht.

Hb" or 0 in. 21

partly broken, carved on both sides

width 1' 4" or;with a medallion

0

in.

40)

containing a deer.

Find-place unknown.

L 4.

Fragment (ht. 7A" or 0 m. 19 width 11" or 0of the

28)

in.

;

On the obverse is a medallion with a humped bullOn the reverse is a crocodile (?). Find-place unknown.

cross-bar of a railing.

(head lost).

L 5.

Fragment (ht. 9" or 0 m. 23 width 7" or 0 m. 18) of a cross-bar;of a railing carved on both sides with a human-faced animal.

L6.

Fragment (ht. 7A"or 019; widthin.

cross-bar of a railing carved on one side witha91-" or 0 m.

of

24)

the

medallion containing awinged animal.

L 7.

Fragment (ht. 8" or 0 m. 203;

width 9A or 0 in. 24) of the crossIt belongs to thebar of a railing, decorated with a rosette ou each face.

Allahabad collection.

L 8-19.

Twelve fragments of cross-bars of

decorated with rosettes
sides,;

railings

variousofsizes

on one side and seven on both

five are carved

Find-place unknown.

317,

Fragment (ht. 7|" or 0 m. 19) carved with a prostrate dwarf on
It waswhich a female figure is standing of which only the feet remain.
found in clearing aand made overwell at Jamillpur

Museum byto theLieutenant-Colonel W. Vost, I.M.S.

L 20.

Fragment (ht. V 8h" or 0 in. 394) of a railing cross-bar carved 'on

two sides with a lotus-rosette containing a human head withlarge turban,

ear-pendants, torque and necklace.

the

It

which Mr. Growse noticed between thesingh and which he describes

as,

" the

is

centralBuddhist pillar, with a head on either side."inDecember 1908

(Cf,

Government of India,

identical with

sculpture

villages of Pall Kherii and

Growse, Mathurci,

portionof a

It was placed in thep. 124.)Dhan-very large

Museumon loan from the

181

(

L, 21.

)

Cross-bar (hi 10|" or 0 m. 267) carved with an ornamental

rosette consisting of a conventional full-blown lotus-flower enclosed

withina flowering lotus-stalk.

M 7,

Found

Reverse plain.

together with no.

The fragments nos. L 22-25 appear to have belonged to the same railing.
On loan from the Government of India.
L 22. Fragment (ht. lOf " or 0 m. 273) of a cross-bar decorated witha lotus-rosette containing a female head wearing a flat torque and elaborate
head-dress.

Found with

no.

M 7.

On

loan from theGovernment ofIndia.

L 23.

Fragment (ht. 8£" or 0 m. 21) of a cross-bar decorated witha lotus-rosette containing a male figure riding on an animal, app arently
a bull.
Found with no. M 7. On loan from the Government of India.

L 24.

Two fragments (ht. 8A" or 0 m. 216) of a cross-bar decorated
with a lotus-rosette containing a male figure, armed with bow and arrows,
mounted on a lion.

Found with no. M 7.

On loan from the Governmentof India.

L 25.

Fragment (ht, 10|" or 0 m. 267)

of a cross-bar decorated

with a lotus-rosette containing a female head with elaborate head-dress.

Found with no. M 7.

L 26-28.

On loan from the Government of India.

Cross-bar and two fragments of a cross-bar (ht. 61" or 0 m.

165) decorated on both faces with a lotus-rosette and evidently belonging
to the same railing.

L

29.

On loan from the Government of India.

Fragment

lotus-rosette.

5"of 0 m.

127) of cross-bar decorated withFound with nos. L 21-28.

On loan from the Government(ht.

of India.

L 30.

Cross-bar (ht. 9J" or 0 m. 235) decorated on both sides witha lotus-rosette.

One side defaced.

south of west from

From the village of Hftkimpur 6 miles

Mathura, north of the road to Sonk.

On loan fromthe Government of India.

L31.

Fragment (ht. 6" or 0 m. 152) of a cross-bar carved on one

face with a winged animal, apparently a lion, walking

tothe proper right.

Head missing. On the obverse is some indistinct carving, apparently alotus-leaf.
Found at the ChaunisI Jaina temple in February 1910. On
loan from the Government of India.

162

(

)

M.— TORANACHITRAVES AND BRACKETS.
Architrave (ht. 10" or 0 m. 254; width 4' 9 J" or 0 m. 46)
The obverse shows ten figures, apparentlyof a torana carved on two sides.

Ml.

One in the centre pours out some liquid from a large
a bowl Four figures follow him each carrying a bowl. At

Buddhist monks.
intovesselthe proper right side are a stupa (?) and a torana with a double architrave.
figure is visible in the gateway, holding one of the jambs, but here aAcorner of the stoneisThe other half of the relief is occupied bybroken.

four seated figures of which the one nearest the centre

out some liquid from a

likewisepouring

At the end are a pillar, a stupa and a tree

jar.

with garlands hanging down from the foliage.
theisUnder thesealong

figures,

whole width of the sculpture, there runs a border consisting of a
The reverse is decorated with a

Buddhist railing and a bell-border.
similarBut here the Buddhist

border.

railingasupports

colonnadebalconies.

Between thepillars of this colonnade and over the balconies a number ofhuman figures

surmounted byarchesalternating with

The sculpture must bo identical withare visible.
architrave

ogee

" the

carvedpeculiarly

Buddhist gateway, richly sculptured on both sides withof abuildings, figures and trees, including a representation of a gateway itself",which was discovered by General Cunningham on the Katra site during

The sculpture was preserved in the Public
Library at Allahabad till December 1907. (Plate XXV. Cf. A. S. R.,

the cold season of 18G2-3.

Vol. I, p. 237 and Vol. Ill, p. 15

M
theFragment (ht.

2.

architrave;

Growse, Mathura p. 106).

7f " or 0 m. 197 ; width 2'

1 J"

or 0 m.

647) ofThe central portion whichof a torana carved on one side.

was over the gateway and is broken off, is decorated with a naturalistic
The square panel which must have surmounted the jamblotus design.
of the gate contains a curious half-human figure with a forked tail consistingof two coiled snake bodies.

These end in two winged dragons

both sides of thewhich holds their necks with his hands.

figure,seemingly a blending of two decorative elements:

risingon

It is

the Triton found in the

Graeco-Buddhist sculpture of Gandhara and evidently derived from aclassical

source 1,

and the rampant dragon or

decorative bracket is met throughout Indian art.
stone iscarvedleogryphwhich

The round end

asaof thewith the curled-up body of a fish-tailed crocodile (Skr.

malcara), such as are found in exactly the same position on the toranaarchitraves
1

fig

2.

of

Barahat.

The

stone

is

pierced witha round hole at theCf. also tlie Samatti railing-pillar, reproduced J. B- A. 8. for 1908, p. 1095, plate }V,

PlateI

Xo. M.
T( IRAN A//

REVERSEii:

Width 4' 9 J"

LlM'LL lRnM lvATKA

FkACMKNT<)!•ToRAXA LlXTLL

XXV

163

(

)

jamb of the doorway.

place where it rested on the

Besides thereisasquare mortice above for the tenon of a torana figure placed between the

two architraves;

and two mortices (one round and the other oblong,

beneath, the purpose of which

not clear.

isSmith, Jain StUpa, plate XXIV, fig. 1;

XX Vc,(PlateV.

Cf.

A

and Foucher, L'art greoo-boud-dhique, Vol. I, pp. 242 f. fig. 124).

M 3.

Torana, architrave

sculptured on both faces

On the;(ht. 7 J" or 0

m. 19

;

width 8' or 2 m.

each face being divided into five52)

compartments.

obverse the middle of the central compartment is occupied by asacred tree, probably the bodhi tree, behind (or inside ?) a building, throughthe gateway of which

the

trunk

is

visible,while

emerging from the windows and above the roof.

It

the

foliageisshowninteresting to noteisthe attempt at perspective in rendering the edifice, the lines of the bastions

which flank the gateway being drawn sloping. The sanctuary is approachedby twelve male worshippers elegandy draped in flowing garments and

The two figuresarrayed in two rows of six on each side of the building.

each a round vessel in both hands

at the head of these two rows, carrywhilsttheremaining ten hold each a long garland and a nosegay as

offerings.

The two square panels which once must have stood over the torana
represent two other scenes of adoration that to the proper rightpillars:

a stupa and the left one a wheelof the law (Skr.

worshipped by two male d3votees.
seated backlions

Sarnath.

tobackrecalls

Th3 two projecting ends

dharmachakra) each

The wheel which is supported by three
the lion capital of the Asoka pillar ofofthe architrave are eachdecoratedwith a fish-tailed sea-monster with human bust, a blending of the indigenous

makara and the Triton of classical art.

On the reverse thecentralpanel depicts

thewell-known scene ofIndra's visit to Buddha in the IndraSaila Cave. (Cf. above

N2 h.)The Buddha,Nos.

H 1 1 andseated inside the cave in the attitude of imparting

protection, occupies the centre of th j scene.

To hisleft

stauds Indra, theking of the gods, recognisable from his peculiar-shaped hat which characterises him also in Gandharianhis

representations of this episode.

He joins

hands in the attitude of adoration and is attended by two females,

probably heavenly nymphs (Skr. Apsaras), standing in the samepose.

They are followed by ihree elephants, of which the central one is caparisoned
and may be supposed to represent Indra's riding elephant Airavata. The
third

animalis

onlypartly visible.

On the other side of the cave stands

Paflchasikha, the lord of Gandharvas or

harp.

heavenly musicians., playing the

He is followed by six nymphs, the first of which seems to beat time.

164

(

the

)

second and fourth have their hands joined in adoration, and the,remaining four carry each a garland and a bunch of flowers as offerings.

The two square panels which once surmounted the gate pillars contain eacha vase of lotus-flowers. The two remaining compartments at the endsof the architrave, are each decorated with a Triton similar to those foundin the corresponding panels of the obverse.

The heads of someof the figures in the central panel of the reverseare broken ; but for the rest the sculpture

one of theIt isfinestclassicalof Sanchiafrom boththe sacred object

A comparison with theelements.

There

also

the central panel

commonlyin

which a row of worshippers approaches

sides.

But on the Mathura. sculpture theof adoration,

scene

excellent preservation.

shows at a glance that the general mode of

decoration is thoroughly Indian.
depictsin

specimens of Mathura art and displays a pleasing

combination of Indian andtorana architravesisarrangement of the figures and their graceful attitude are due to Gandhara
influence,

which

is

especially

noticeable

in thescene of Indra's visit to

The human-headed sea-monsters at the ends of the architrave
appear also to be developed from the maharas on the ancient toranas
Buddha.

under the influence of Gandhara art.

The beam is pierced in two places to receive the tenons of the torana
The bottom is provided with seven mortices. The central one
pillars.
is15J" long.

On each side are three of which that in the middle isrectangular and 3" long, and the other two circular and 2" in diameter.

the top are nine mortices of which seven correspondin thebottom surface.

The remaining two, which are rectangular and

3|" long, are found near the two extremities of the architrave.
that the morticeInm position to those
It

is

clear

holes were intended to receive the tenons of sculptures

placed between and above the three architraves of the torana. This may beinferred froma comparison with the gates of the Sanchi itupa, where such

sculptures are still found in situ.

The Mathura torana architrave was obtained from a house in theCity where it was found let in the wall above the main gate. Pandit
Radha Krishna arranged for its removal to the Museum in November
1908. On loan from the Government of India.

M 4.

Bracket (ht. 2' I" or 0 m. 654) ofa torana carved on bothsides with a female figure standing under an aioha tree of which she holds

a branch with one hand.
of theit

figureismissing.

The lower portion of the sculpture with the
It

feet

was obtained from a Pandit who had foundin excavating the foundations of his house near the

Dig Gate of

the

(

165

(For similar torana brackets

City.

)

cf.

V. A. Smith, Jain Stupa, plates

XXXIV and XXXY). On loan from the Government of India.

M
eyes

5.

Head (ht. 1' 7" or 0 m. 497)

and curved horns.

head is a tenon.

leogryphwith protruding

missing.

On the top of theof aThe lower jaw

isThe sculpture probably served the purpose of an ornaIt was obtained by Pandit Radha Krishna frommental bracket of a torano,.

Math of Mathura-nath Mahadeo near the Katra. (Gf. V. A. Smith,
Jain Stupa, plate XXXVII). On loan from the Government of India.
M 6. Head (ht. 6|" or 0 m. 165) of a lion which must have belonged
thetoa bracket supporting the end of a torana architrave.

the right cheek.

M 7.
consisting

Svastika,on

On loan from the Government of India.

Fragmentof the(ht.

11 J" or 0 in.

286;

length 2' 4" or 0 m. 71)

end of a torana architrave, carved on both faces with ayawning crocodile (malcara), whose curled-up fish-tail follows the curved
In the mouth of each malcara we notice the figure ofoutline of the stone.
a kinnara with leafy girdle. One of these kinnaras is armed withsword andThe

shield.

fragments nos. L

21

—25

sculpture was found together with the cross-bar
ina brick-kiln near the Mathura

Railway station. On the malcara and kinara ornament
On loan from the Government of India,
for 1906-7, p. 160.

M 8.

cf.

Junction

A.S.R.

Statuette (ht. 10" or 0 m. 254, including tenon) of a lion seatedon its hind quarters.

Manes treated in a conventional manner.

It

pro-

bably belongs to a torana and stood on the end of the top lintel.

Obtainedfrom a Devi Math in the Bahadurpura Mahalla of Mathura City.

On loanfrom the Government of India.

—

—

166

(

X.

;;

)

StCpas.

Drum and dome of a miniature stupn (ht. 1' 7" or 0 m. 482)
On the four sides of theconsisting of two pieces which have been refixed.

*N 1.

drum are four Buddha figures seated cross-legged in the attitude of protection (abhaya-mudru), each under a trefoil arch supported

Scythian pilasters.

Along the top

of

the

drum runs agarland-carrying Cupids (cf. above nos. 1, 2 to 6), whichborder to receive the hti (Skr. hcvniku) with theof the drum is flanged so as to

fit

There is an inscription in one

line

:

border of

supportedbyon the dome.

The bottom

pinnacle.

into the basement.

1" in height.

read itisOn the top of the plain dome is a square mortice with raised

flat brackets.

f" toby two Indo-(Cf. post no.

N 3.)

The aksharas measureI
the Kushaua type.

The character is Briihml of
Nusapriydye Suranasya ditu (i.e. dhitu).

" [Gift] of

Nusii-

priya, the daughter of Surana."On

The inscription was first edited by Professor J. Dowson.

accountof the character of the inscription, the votive stupa must belong to the

Kushaua period.

It was at the Allahabad

Public Librarytill

December

1907 ; its find-place was presumably the Janialpur site.
(Plate IV.

Of. J. R. A. S. N. S., Vol. V, p. 187, No. 20, with facsimile

and J. A. S. B. Vol. XXXIX (1870), part I, p. 129, no. 13).
N 2. Drum (ht. 8" or 0 m. 20 diameter 2' or 0 m. 62);

ture stupa carved with a frieze

principal and four secondary scenes of Buddha's life, namely:(a) His birth in the Lumbini garden near Kapilavastu.
isof a minia-

of eight metopes representing the four

Maya Devi

standing in the usual pose with her right hand clasping abranch of the sal tree above her.
Prajapati standing to her

left.

She

is

held by her sister

On her right side is a god,probably Indra, who receives the child on acloth.

Bodhisattva is repeated at the properside of the panel

left

The

infantround the child's head is a halo with scolloped border. At his
sides are the Niiga kings Nanda and Upananda emerging halfway from two masonry wells. The same scene is pictured on
Nos.

H 1 and 2.

(b) His enlightenment (Skr. bodhi) or attainment of Buddhahood at

Bodh Gaya.

To render this event, the sculptor has chosen thescene of the assault of Miira, the evil one, which immediately

preceded the bodhi.

Buddha is seated in the conventional pose;he stretches his right hand out to the earth in order to call her tobear testimony of his good deeds in former existences.

To hia

1<3T

(

)

The crouching figure to
must he Mara himself, behind whom an indistinct
figure is visible, perhaps meant for a demon wielding a rock.
left

are Mira's .seductive ilaughters.

his right

Itisnoteworthy that the

bodhi

has

tree

been

altogether

omitted and that Manx's daughters are represented by only two
figures, whereas in all

texts their number is three.

(Cf. above

No. H.6.)(c) His first sermon

Benares.

inthe Deerpark, theThe technical expressionismodern Sarnath, nearthat here the Buddha

On the sculpture

began " to turn the wheel of the law."

actually shown touching the wheel which

is

he

is"

placed on a low

The five mendicant friars who becam3
shown on both sides of the
Buddha, but apparently for purposes of symmetry the sculptor'
pillar at bis right side.

his converts on thisoccasion are

has reduced their number to four.

Cf. above no.

H 7 (a).

(d) His death or final extinction (Skr. parinirvanu) in the sal groveof Kusinara or Kusanagara.

in the tradi-

There arethree mourning figures, one to the right, one to theleftthird behind the couch.
(e.)

Buddha is reclining

tional pose on his couch between the twin sal trees.

(Cf. above nos.

and a

H 1, lb, 8 and 9.)

The meaning of this scene is uncertain, but presumably it shows
Buddha seated in the famous Gandhakuti. This shrine, in which
he used to dwell, was situated in the Jetavana, a sacred grove near
Sravasti.

The site of this ancient

has beencity

identified

General Cunningham with Saheth-Mahcth in thebyGonda andBahraick districts of the United Provinces.

Heaven of the thirty-three gods, where(f) Buddha's descent from th;>This event was supposed
he had preached the law to his mother.
.tohave taken place at Sankasya,abadladder.

district;.

In the centre

tfie

modern Sankisa (Farrnkh-of thebas-relief is the triple

In front of the central one is the figure of Buddha andBrahma and Indra standing with folded hands in

at his sides are

the attitude of adoration.

(g)

Buddha presented with an almsbowl by the four guardian gods ofthe quarters or world-protectors(Skr. lokupXla).

When

after

his enlightenment Buddha wished to partake of the food off .Tedby the merchants Trapusha and Bhallika, tlu four guardian gods

approached him

eae-hwith a bowl.

As he

did notwish todisappoint any of them by refusing his gift, he caused the fourbowls miraculously to become one.

(

ICS

)

Buddha worshipped by Iudra ia the Indrasaila Cave, near R'vjagyiha, the modern R ijgir in Bihar.
Buddha is shown in theattitude of* meditation inside the cave.
The figure crouching(h )to his left mu-t be Indra, apparently holding his attribute, theThe standing

thunderbolt (Skr. vajra), in his left hand.

figurewith the harp on the other side of the cave is Indra's attendant

Gan-

Paiichasikhi, the king of the heavenly musicians (Skr.

A fuller representation of thii scene will bj fjund on
the bas-relief No. H 11 and on the toran architrave M 3.
dli'h'v i).

'

It will be seen by a comparison of th: other bas-reliefs quoted

that thedepicted here in as summary a manner as
The ex cution is clumsy and we have noted several iuaccuraeics

scenes of Buddha's life arepossible.

in the plastical rendering

great interest, as inof the legends.

The sculpture, however,isof

the influence of the Graeco-Bnddhist school of Gan-itdhara is more manifest than in any other product of Mathura art. It reveals
itself not

only in thj individual scenes, hut also in the decorative

elements.

drum with that excavated by Sir Harold Deane at Sikri (Peshawar district) and now preserved
Lahore Museum. In his discussion of the Sikri stupa drum, M. Foueher
i.i thThis will be evident at once by comparing this

slupa

'

was thhe1

to point out it

fir trightly

calls

" sa

relationship to our-iMathura sculpture whichcaricature lamentablement

indianisee."

" Le

tore

he says, " la cornicle trop lourde aux consoles tropj;rossier do 1'architrave,"Luges, les pilastres massifs a ehapitoaux barbares ne laissent aucnn doute
sur la pn'tention ui sur la maladresse de l'imitation

;

e'est

un entablement

elasdqu- avec trise analogue a celui de Sikri, qu'on a voulu composer."

The sculpture which was first published by Mr. Y. A. Smith from photos
taken l>y Babu P. C. Muklnuji was found byHindu t Tnpl

fur th 1 sacred tal«i plant.

Smith, The Jain StUpu
de tSlkri.

N 3.

in

the courtyard of a;(i liaihla)

With the assistance of Pandit Radha Krishna

I succeeded in acquiring it lor thettiipameon the 1 >hruv Till where it was used as a receptacle

platesMuseum in D .cember 1907.

CV— CYII.

(Y.

A.

Foucher, Les bas-reliefs

duJ. A., series X, Yol. II (1903), p. 323.)

Votive btiipa(ht.

4]" or 0 m.

124) of miniature size carved

on its four sides with Buddha figurines seated cross-legged and holding
their hands in the traditional attitudes.
The break on the top of the stone
indicates thatitwas originally provided with a pinnacle or

hti.

It

was

noticed by Pandit Radha Krishna in a baglucli" near the Seth's Garden on
the right bank of the Jamna, about 1?, mile south of the C'itv.

N 4.

Fragment (ht.

9"or 0 m.

square basem.nt of a miniature»{«//.«.

23)

presumably belonging

It is carved on

to

th.:

one side with a

/
i

(

109

)

cornice suppoi ted by two Atlantes alternating with elum?y brackets.
The
Atlam to the proper right is squatting with his feet wide apart; and his arms

on his chest.

rossc dThe other one who supports thein adoublesnake

hisbody ending

Similar figures occur in Gandhara

tail.

with hiscorniceright hand has the appearance of a Triton of cla^ical art,

tb:y

;

are

evidently meant for Xagas and afford another example of the adaptation ofclassical types to Indian conceptions.

X 5.

Find-place unknown.

Fragment (ht. 11 \" or 0 m. 28o)tion of the square base mentof aconsisting

miniature s<>"p«.

sides with a Buddha figure seated cross-legged

in ahand raised in the attitude of imparting protection.

of th> corner
It is carved

niche

X 6.

Fragment (ht. 5J" or 0 m. 11

a cornice with four brackets andwith his rightThe niches alternatewith dwarf pilasters w hich support a brackaed cornice.
stone is t)ang\ d to receive the ntvp'i drum,

por-on twoThe top of the

Find-place unknown.

width 1' 7i'' or 0 m. 403) ofan acanthus border. The sculpture musthave be longed to a miniature dv\)%.

;

It was preserved

Allahabadat thePublic Library till December J 907 and peihaps originates from the Jamfd-

pur site.

X 7.

Fragment (ht. 3^" or 0 m. 09 width IS" X 1" or 0 m. 105) of aand mortice on the top. It belonged;

circular stone with plain mouldings

to the Allahabad collection.

X 8.

Fragment (ht.

7" or 0 m. IS) of a jinracle pel ably \ laced on

the top of a miniature diipa.
isa cube carved on three sides

The lower portion, broken off at the bottom,
withchapels and on the

fourthverticalside with a half-nude female figure stanclir.g unckr an osuka tree of which

she clasps a branch with her right hand.

The lower portion of this figure

is lost.
The opposite side was hollowed in the shape of a niche, pieihaps
meant to contain a lamp. This cube is surmounted by an octagonal pinnacle separated from it by an octagenal neck.
The top of the pinnacle is

The fragment was preserved at the Allahabad Public Library
December 1907 and perhaps oiiginatcs from the Jamfdpur site.

missing.
till

X 9.
with apilasters.

Hollow cube (ht. 8J" or 0 m. 216) carved on each of

Buddhafigureseatedcross-leggeditssirlesbetween two Indo-ScythianTwo of the figures ore sittirg in the attitude of meelitatiou;

thetwo others have the right hand raised tewaids the shoulder to express theimparting of protection.

One of the two meditating and one

other Buddha figures is placed on ahalo with scolloped border.

conventional lotus.

One of the figures is broken.

of theAll fourIt

was obtainedby Mr. Growse from the M a ha v id y a Tila (J.A.S.B., Vol. XLYII (1878),
1, p.

120; plate XX),

two

have a

pt.

(

X 10.

iro

)

Fragment (diamot or 3' 0" or 1 m.143) ofhave stood cither over a

stt'po.

orover a statue.

Ita parasol whichismaycarved oil the lower

surface with time conventional borders of a lotus-pet.il, foliated and garland
design.

There i^ a circular hole in the centre to receive the umbrella staff.

The fragment was pro-served at the Allahabad Library up to December
1007 and came probably troin the Januipur sit.
X 11. Fragment (ht. i' C or 0 m. 702 of a parasol which may have1.

)

ovcr-hadowed either asitipacentric bands of different

de-igu, separated bycentralborder.

ora .statue.

It is decorated

narrowraised rims.

oni is of an elaborate fnliat -d pattern surrounded

The outer-most bund which is raised has awith six con-festoonbv a

pattern.

fragment also belongs to the Allahabad collection transferredin December 1907.

to

Tho

garlandThis

Mathura

171

(

)

0.— Lion rir.viiE.s.

O

I.

Figurehis right piw

in(lit. 3' 4" or 1

m. 15) of a half engaged lion standing with

Th? n.ipT

front.

jwis

missing.

Ths sculpture wasbroken in five pieces in transit from Allahabad whore it was preserved up
to December 1007.

0 2.

Figure (lit. 3' 1}" or 0 m. 1)52) of a half engaged lion standingpiw

ro proper left with his left

head, plain.

O 3.

in

front

and mouth open.

Back, except

Find-place unknown.

Figure (lit. 2' 10'' or 0 m. S63) of a half L-ngaged lion standing.

His left paw, whichtvas

advanced,moustache.

Find-place unknown.

0 4.

2'

Figure (lit.

isinjured.

Ciniy111" or 0 m. 901) of a half engaged lion standing

to proper right with his right paw in front andhead, plain.

Tonguebroken.

open mouth.

Back except

Find-place unknown.

O 5.

Figure (lit. 2' 10'' or 0 m. SO) of a half engaged lion standing with
Upper jaw broken. Pandit Badha Krishna foundhis 1 ;ft paw in front.
this sculpture in the store godowu of the Agra Delhi Choid-line Railway andsecuivd it for the Museum.

It is said tohavebeen excavated by a railway

engineer.

O 6.

Figure (ht.

2' 9" or 0 m.

837) of a half engaged lion.

L-gs andAllahabad Public Library till

It was preserved at thelower jaw broken.
December 1907 and perhaps originates from the Jamiilpur site.

O 7.

Figure (ht. 2' 8" or 0 m. 837) of a half engaged lion standing turn-ed to the proper right with his left paw in front.

Head defaced and paws

1
near the Katra
was obtained from the Janambhumi shrineon thatsanctuaries
Buddhist
the
of
to
one
and probably once belonged

broken.

It

site.

O 8.

Figure (ht.

to proper right.

O 9.

2' or 0 in.

Svastik'<61) of a half engaged lion standing turned

on right cheek.

Find-place unknown.

Figure (ht. 1" 10" or 0 m. 576) of a complete lion.

and tail broken.

Head, paws

It was brought to the Museum from a garden near the

Balbhadra Kuud.

O 10.

Figure (ht.

m. 035) of a complete lion standing over
The right fore paw which was raised, and the2' 1" or 0

miniature elephant {{).

head and the tail, are broken.

The mane is indicated by schematic curls.

Find-place unknown.

Oil.

Figure (ht.

front with open mouth.
1

1'

5" or 0 in. 43) of a half engaged lion standing

Paws beneath knees missing.

toFind-place unknown

This jlirine is believed to mark the birth-place of K'rislini.

(

0 12.
ters, riant

172)

Fragment (ht, 1' 7'' or 0 in. 4*2) of a lion fignrc.
fore-leaf

Public Library

till

and

face

It wasmissing.

December 1907.

Hind-quar-

preserved at the Allahabad

Feihaps it came troni

the Jamfdpur

site.

0 13.

Figure (ht.

8V' or 0 in. S25) uf a complete lion, much worn.

2'

Find-place unknown.
Fragment (ht. G-j- 7 or 0 m. lb') consisting of the fore-paws of aTh.' fore-paws rest on each other.

0 14.

lion standing with his right one in front.

ture like no*.

0 15.

O 1 — 12.

Evidtntly it belongs to a sculp,

Find-place unknown.

Fragment (ht.

11''or 0 m. 2*) consistingof the leg of alion

Find -spot unknown.

figure.

O 1G.

Figure (ht. 3' 2'' or 0 m. 095) of a half engaged

turned to proper right anc. with his left paw in front.

lion

standing

Top of head broken.

It was acquired from a cltaupi'd near th. Kotvfdl.
1

0 17.

Fragment (ht. 4J/' or 0 m. 115) with lien's head facing.

unknown.
O 1<S. Fragment (lit. 4^"

Find-

place

marked on right cheek.

0 19.

or

damaged.

in.

107) of lion's head.

Scastika

Find-place unknown.

Figure (ht. 2' 2" or 0 in. G6) of a half engaged

truding eyes, the head turned to the

Katra.

0right.

lionv% ith.

pro-

Legs broken and lower jaw

Obtained from a lOghJc ha between

On loan from the Go\ eminent of India.

the

Potra

kunl and the

J

(

73

)

P.— MISCELLANEOUS ARCHITECTURAL SCULPTURES.
(Biitldhist period.)

P 1.

Fragment(ht. 2'm. CI: width 4' oror 0

m. 22) which1must hav.' forme 1 the proper right half of a do 3r-lint el.

In th;a paael containing a ro,v of six standing figures of whi -hflowers, whilst the sixth, apparently a woman, has h^r hands

loldedThis pan:l is sun'ounded by two plain

attitude of adoration.

centre

cavrv

five

is

lotus

the

in

decorative

To the proper right of it is a small panel with a flying figure andBoth panels are enclosed within decorative borders in bold re-bauds.

a rosette.

lief and a raisedouter border of anstone has a mortice to fit it to theelegant osuka design.

doorjamb.

Beneath the

The sculpture was preserv-

ed at the Allahabad Public Library till December 1907 and perhaps camefrom the Jamalpur site.

P 2.

Fragment(Plate II a.)(ht. 2'10" or 0 m.

863) of a proper

belonging to the same doorway

evidentlyP

as no.

left

doorjamb,

The

1.

front

is

carved with two panels each containing two standing figures, male andIn the upper panel both figures hold a bunch of lotus-flowf rs infemale.

In tlu lower panel the mala figure holds likewise a bunch

the right hand.
of lotuses
tion.

;

the female stands with fold id hands

the

in

attitudeof adora-

The figures are standing on a Buddhut railing under an ogee arch

A similar arch is sjen

« hieh encloses a balcony with a miniature figure.

under the lower panel.

To tlu proper left of thesi panels are four decorative bands of the same
design as are found on the door-'intel no.

P.

The proper right1.

of the stone which was turned to the passage of thewith a graceful vine border.

bad collection.

It

doorwayi-,This sculpture aho b.doaged to thecame perhaps fromtlu

Buddhist

site

of

side

decorated
Allaha-Jamalpur.

(Plate II b).

P 3.

Fragment (ht. 2' 11" or 0 m. 839) of apillarconsisting

the top portion of the shaft which is sixt.'en-.>ided below and circularabove(diameter 1' 2";, a grooved bell, a flat torus, and a square capital (I' 2"
1' 2"), the four faces of which are ea^h decorate;! with

two

lions

of

by

couchanc

surmounted by foliage. The fragment belonged to the Allahabad collection,

P 4.

Fragment (ht. 11]"

top portion of the shaft which(diameter 1' 2").

P 5.

Cf.

or
is

No. P. 3.

Fragment (ht. 1H"

0 m. 29.S) of a pillar, consisting
sixteen-sided

Allahabad collection.

or 0

m.

grooved bell and flat torus of tlu capital.

P 0.

of thebelow and circular above292) of pillar

consistingof theAl'ahabad collection.

Fragment (ht. 1' h" or 0 m. 317) of apillar consistingof thetop portion of the capital (1' 2" spiare in horizontal section"), the four faces

174

(

r>{

)

which arc cacli decorated with, two lions coucham

and surmounted by foliage.

P 7.

Fragment

m.

(51)

PS.

The topisofcircular

Allahabad collection.

Fragment (lit. 8 -f' or 0

standing tobackof a pillar consi-ting of partth3 shaft, eight-sided below and sixtoon-'-ided above.

(diameter 1' 2").

toAllahabad collection.
2' or 0

(ht.

back

placedfront:

h.-ad

lo-t.

in.

222) of doorjamb

Ornamental border onwith figure(?)

properleft fide.

Find-place unknown.

P

Sculpture

9,

1'

(lit.

or 0

defaced male figure emerging

m. 484) carved with a muchhalt-way from the fuliage of a tree.

attitude of this figure is very similar to that of theshown on thebas-relief of Baddha's Xirvlu afore, reason to assume thatitspiritNo. H 8.

likewise represent<of the

stil

The
tree

There is, there-a tree spirit

or dryad.

The sculpture was found by Pandit lladha Krishna close to thi bungalowof the Permanent Way Inspector, R, 51. Railway, near the village ofHaiisganj on the left bank of the Jamna opposite Mathura City.

j

P 10. Fragment (lit. 2' 1" or 0 in. C54, including tenon) of a doornub carved on the trout face w ith two sunk panels, each containing afigure.

The upper figure is a male standing with anin both hands:

E\idently this figure is identical with no.
isaveiticaloffering of flowers

the lower one i 5 a femali crouching with a child in h.j r lap.

raised

F 2d.

Along

the

two figures

border decorat.d with foliage issuing from a vase.

The proper light f;uu is caned with a half lotus-rosette and a festoon.
The si-uljture was accpiiied (rum the Milage of 3IaholI.
P »1. Fragment (ht 1' 2i" or 0 m. 38) oi a dooijamb carved on thefrom lace with a male figure, probably a Bodhisattva, standing to front withhis right

hand raised to the shoulder.

scolloped border.

eaned.
festoon.

His head is encircled in a halo with

Along this figure runs a raised vertical band decoratively

The proper kit iaee oi the stone has pait of a lotus-ro^ette and a
Obtained from HaholT. On loan from the Government of India.

P 12. Pillar-base (lit. 1' 2" or 0 m. 355) carved with foliit-d ornament and pierced with a round hole 31" in diameter. A poition of it isbroken.

It

was found in a fi> Id ktween theDansingh together within December 1908.

P

no-.

v illag sof P;]iKlv'rl and

L "20 and P. 13 and plan d in the Musann

On lean from the Gov, ''liment of India.

Lamp-stand (lit. 1' ()" or 0 in. 457, hicludinu tenon'; consistingof an elongated cube car\cd in low relief with t]i<i't;j<\ windows and piovid d with a niche on one face and vtitical groove- on two ol the remaining
13.

three faces, and an upper member

with a band.

in

thj

shape

Find-place same as No. P. 12.

ofa liiujn

surrounded

175

(

P 14.

)

Lower portion (ht. V 2" or 0 m. 355)

of adoorjamb, proper

right side, carved with a male figure, standing with a staff in his

low

fc

and

On the projecting portion is a boyish figure

a lotus-flower in his left hand.
in

righ

holding with both hands a stalk with flowers and foliage.

reliefObtained from Sitoha, 3 miles from the City on the road

Govardhan.

toOn loan from the Government of India.
P, 15.

Capital (V 1" or 0 m. 33)

rectangularpierced vertically and carved on the four sides.
iscarved with a groupin horizontal

section,One of the two longsides

consisting of an elephant to right, mounted by amcthaut, and some seven small figures, apparently children, and a boar to

A large bell is suspended from the boar's

left carrying two female figures.

On theneck.

opposite side

there

is

a

group of two seated and somestanding figures too much defaced to be recognized.

Each of the two shortsides has a female figure seated with children, probably Hariti

the goddessof abundance and fertility.

The sculpture was obtained by Pandit Radha Krishna from a weaver
On loan from the Government ofin the Kesabpura Mahalla of the City.
India.

P 16. Fragment (ht. 8|" or 0 m. 215;

length 2' 2|" or 0

m. 68)

ofa lintel decorated with a row of five lion's heads, the surface beneath being
carvedfigurinea foliated pattern, in which on the proper right end there is astanding with a garland in each hand and enclosed within an

inogee-arch.

Obtained together with no. P 17 from Ral, 8 miles north-westof Mathura City.

On loan from the Government of India.

Fragment (ht. 3' 1£" or 0 m. 954) of a proper left door-jambdecorated with a sunk panel containing a male figurine leaning on a staff.
On the proper left side is a raised rim carved in flat relief with foliage andThescrollwork, in which a conch and a lion's head are introduced.

P 17.

sculpture seems

belong to the Gupta period.

toIt was obtained from

B;d together with No. P, 16. On loan from the Government of India.
P 18. Fragment (ht. 11" or 0 m. 28) consisting of a grooved ogeearch, in which a Buddha figure

meditation.

It wasgether with No.

P 19.

H

is

seated cross-legged in the attitude ofobtained from the Raj

Ghat in

Mathura City

to-

1 in January 1908.

Building stone

(ht.

7" or

0 m. 177) carved on one side witha half lotus-rosette enclosed between vertical bands.

It

was preserved at

the Allahabad Public Library till December 1907 and perhaps originatesfrom the Jamfdpur site.

*P 20.

Pillar-base (1' 11|" or 0 m. 587 square ; ht. 1' If" or 0 m. 35).

Toius decorated with lotus petals and with four projecting

lion figures

of

374

(

)

of which nrc each clecomtefl with two lions couchantand surmounted by foliage.

P 7.

Fragment(lit.

2' or 0m.

P 8.

The top

circularisAllahabad collection.

Fragment (lit, Sf or 0

standing to

back

to

01) of a pillar consi-tiug of part ofth3 shaft, eight-sided below and sixteen-sided above.

(diameter 1' 2").

backplacedAllahabad collection.

had lot.

front;in.

222) of doorjambwith figure(I)

Ornamental liorder on

proper leftside.

Find-place unknown.

P

Sculpture

9.

(ht.

C\" or 0 m.

1'

defaced male figure emerging:much484) carved with alulf-wav fromtin.'

attitude of this figure is very similar to that of thefoliage of a tree.

Theof thetree

spiritNo. H 8.

shown on thebas-relief of Buddha's Xirv.um

fore, reason toassume that it likewise represents a trees<ilThere is, therespirit

or dryad.

The sculpture was found by Pandit lludha Krishna closi to the bungalowof the Permanent Way Inspector, R. M. Railway, near the village of
Htmsganj on the left bank of the Jamiri opposite Mathura City.

P 10. Fragment (lit. 2' I" or 0 m. G54, including tenon) of a doorunb
carved oil the front face ^ ith two sunk panels, each containing aj

The upper figure is a male standing with an

figure.
i'iboth hand*:

Evidently this figure is ideutbal with no.
isaveitieal

offering of flowers

the lower one i, a female crouching with a child in her hip.

raisedF 20.

Along the two figures

border decorated with foliage issuing from a vase.

The prop t light face is caned with a half lotus-rosctte and a festoon.
The M-uljture was aecpiiied from the tillage of Maholi.
PorO m. o.S) of a dooijamb earv.d on thefrom taoe vith a male figure, pr<jh;d<ly a Bodhisaltva, standing to front with.

Fragni'ittI.

hi- right(lit

1' 2 ! "hand raided to the slioulder.

scolloped border.

Hi- head is encireleil in a halo with
Along this figure runs a raided vertical band dcvoratively

caned.

The prop u- kit face <A the stone has pait of a lotus-rosette andfestoon.

Obtained from Maholi.

P12.

Pillar-baso (ht. 1' 2" or 0 m. 355)

carved withment andlior.M dbroken.

was found in a fr Id b.twoen the vdlag s ofIt

in December 1908.

no>.

foliat -dorna-

A poition of it iswith a round hole ?,}," in diameter.

Oansingh together witha

On loan from the Government of India.

P.'li

Kh<~yi and

L 20 and P. 15) and plac. d in the Museum

On loan from the Government of India.

P 13. Lamp-stand (lit, V U" or 0 m. 457, in.-luding tenon; consi-tingof an elongated eube caned in low leliet with rh< -t yit windows and j.ioi

vidd with a niche on one face and veitieal i>roo\es on two ol the remainim'
three faces, ami an upper member

with a band,

in

tin

shape

Find-pl.iee same as Xo. P. 12.

otaliinj'isurrounded

(

P 14.

175

)

Lower portion (ht. V 2" or 0 m. 355) of a doorjamb, proper

right side, carvod with a male figure, standing with a staff in his right andOn the projecting portion is a boyish figure

a lotns-flowcr in his loft hand.
in low

reliefholding

-

%v

ith

both hands a stalk with flowers and foliage.

Obtained from Sitohii, 3 miles from the City on

theroad to Govardhan.

On loan from the Government of India.
P, 15.

Capital (1' 1" or 0 m, 33)

rectangularpierced vertically and carved on the four sides.
isin horizontal

section,One of the two longsides

carved with a group consisting of an elephant to right, mounted by amahnut, and some seven small figures, apparently

On theneck.

opposite sidechildren, and a boarto

A large bell is suspended from the boar's

left carrying two female figures.

there

is

a

group of two seated and somestanding figures too much defaced to be recognized.

Each of the two shortsides has a female figure seated with children, probably HaritI

thegoddessof abundance and fertility.

The sculpture was obtained by Pandit Radha Krishna from a weaver
On loan from the Government ofin the Kesabpiira Mahalla of the City.
India.

P 16.

Fragment (ht. 8J" or 0 m. 215 length 2' 2f " or 0 m. 68) of;a lintel decorated with a row of five lion's heads, the surface beneath being

carved in a foliated pattern, in which on the proper right end there isfigurineastanding with a garland in each hand and enclosed within anogee-arch.

Obtained together with no. P 17 from Ral, 8 miles north-westof Mathura City.

P 17.

On loan from the Government of India.

Fragment (ht. 3' 1£" or 0 m. 954) of a proper left door-jambdecorated with a sunk panel containing a male figurine leaning on astaff.

On the proper left side is a raised rim carved in flat relief with foliage andwhich a conch and a lion's head are introduced. The
It was obtained from
sculpture seems to belong to the Gupta period.

scrollwork,in

Rfd together with No. P, 16.

On loan from the Government of India.

Fragment (ht. 11" or 0 m. 28) consisting of a grooved ogeearch, in which a Buddha figure is seated cross-legged in the attitude of
meditation.
It was obtained from the Raj Ghat in Mathura City to-P18.

gether with No.

P 19.

H 1 in January 1908.

Building stone(ht.

7" or 0 m. 177) carved on one side witha half lotus-rosette enclosed between vertical bands.

It

was preserved ab

the Allahabad Public Library till December 1907 and perhaps originatesfrom the Jamfilpur site.

*P 20.

Pillar-base (1' 11|" or 0 m. 587 square ; ht. 1' If" or 0 m. 35).

Toius decorated with lotus petals and with four projecting

lion figures

of

(

1^6

)

The corner of the stone is broken. Circular morThere arc two inscriptions. The first inscription runs

which one is missing.
tice in the top.

round the top of the torus.

shthasyaI read it D[a]nciih

cha[tu]rvvi[dha~\syach[a]turddiie sa 47 gri 4 di 25.
vidha (?) Bhaja

.

.

ka

bhikshusya Buddhi&re-

kasya

bhaja

sahghe" Gift of Friar Buddhisreshtha Chatur-to the universal Community.

inthe year 47, the 4th [month of] summer, the 25th day."The second inscription, which is cut on one side of the base, is
Dcinam Buddhisreshtjiasya bltapranaI read it tentatively
preserved
The
stone
was
at the Public Library at Allahabadkasya.
indistinct.

till

:

December 1907.
*P 21. Pillar-base (1' 8|" or 0 m. 514 by 1' 9£" or 0 m. 54

0 m. 305).

Torus decorated with lotus

but without;

ht. 1'

orprojecting

Mortice in the top and two small mortices in the corners oflion figures.

the top of the square base.

basement.

petals,There are two inscriptions on two faces of theku[m\bhaka

Aya[m]

du\_nam']"This

Bhadraghosha-praimxiJchtmum.]suhgha-prakt'it[a]n[am]pillar-basethe gift of theisSuperiors of the Community, among whom Bhadraghosha ranks first."

The

same legend occurs on nos. P. 25 and 26.

The second inscription, which consists of two lines,

mostly obliterat-isIn the first lino I road the word sahgha and at the beginning of thesecond line dharrnadeya.

ed.

* P 22.

Pillar-base (1' 11|" or 0 m. 597 by 1' 102"

1' li" or o m. 343),

or 0 m.

578; ht.

Plain torus djcoratcd with four projecting lion figures

The following inscription in two lines is cut on theof which one is broken.

face of the square basement.
1.

Ayam

kii[ih\bhako dano.m

bhikshunam Suriyasya Buddhara-Anenakihitasya cha prahan'lk[ft]na [tfi],
2.

deyadharmma-par'ttyugena sarvvesham prahanikunarh arogya-

dak\_sh]indyc bhavatu 1.

" This pillar-base is the gift

the prahamkas.

of

the

Friars &urlya and Buddharakshita

May, by the munificence of thispious

donation, healthbe bestowed on all prahawkas."

The pillar-base was discovered by Mr. Growso " plastered andwashed and imbedded in one of the
It

side

pillars of thewhite-

Tahsili gateway."

had probably been excavated in 1877-8 on the Janiiilpur site.

(Dowson No. 23;

Growse, Mathurd, 2nd

ed.,

p.

154

;

3rd

ed.,

p.

165, Ind. Ant., Vol. YI, p. 218, No. 3 Senart, J. A. Series VIII, Vol. XV.
;

1

The grammatical construction of the second sentence of the inscription

A similar formula is found on pillar-baso M 2g in tho Calcutta Museum.

isfaulty.

(Dowson No. 12).

"

i

(

177

)

B.

B.

p. 121, note ; D. R. Bhandarkar, J.

R. A.

Vol.

XX,

p.

269,

Pillar-base (2' V' or 0 m. 622 square ; ht. l'li" or 0 m.

343)

S.,

note 2; Liiders, Incl. Ant., Vol. XXXIII, p. 155, note 100).
* P 23.

Torus decorated with

but without projecting

lotus-petals,

Mortices in the corners of the top of the square basement.

lion

figures.

One corner broken.

Thefollowing partly defaced inscription runs along the top of the torus:

Sa

.

.

.

.

....

ja[mi]trasya
Vojyavaiikasyu
hichanpujdye bhavatu saclhyivihurisya Dha[rmade]dusya, iitahalagatdndm

vasya arogya-dakshindye" May health be bestowed on the Sadhyavihari Dharmadeva " 1*P 24.

Pillar-base (1' 10J" or 0 m. 565 by 1' 11|" or 0 m. 597 ; ht. 1* fTorus decorated with lotus«petals and with four projectingor 0 m. 325).

The following inscription is cut onlion figures, three of which are broken.

the.

top ofthe torus:

2yramukhana[m].

Ddnamsangha-prakr

2tan% [m] Bhad[i]la-"Gift of the Superiors of the Community

among whom

Bhadila ranks first."*P 25.

Pillar-base (1' 10J" or 0 m. 57 by

V %}» or 0 m. 546

ht.

;

10|"

or 0 m. 266).

Torus decorated with lotus-petals, but without projecting

lion figures.

Mortices in the corners of the top of the square basement

The following inscription is cut on the face of the basement Ayaih [kumbhaJco
ddnam} sahgha-prakr itdnam Bhadraghosha-pramuhhd[7iam], " This
pillar-base is the gift of the Superiors of the Community among whom
The same legend is found on nos. P 21
Bhadraghosha ranks first.":

and P 26.

*P 26.

Fillar-base (2"or 0 m. 601

by 1' 9|" or 0 m. 343).

in the corners of the top ot the square basement.
iscut on the face of the basement of which a

portionthe inscription

of

is

lost

:

Torus

Mortices

decorated with lotus petals, but without projecting lion figures.

The following inscription

corner with the concluding

Ayam [kuihbhako] ddnam sangha-

prakritunam Bhadragliosha-[pramulcUdnaih\. " This pillar-base is thegift of the Superiors of the Community among whom Bhadraghosha ranks
first."The legend is evidently the same as that of nos. P 21 and P 25.

*P 27.

Pillar-base (1' 10|" or 0 m. 578 by 1' 10J" or 0 m. 565;

ht. 1' \"Torus decorated with lotus-petals and with four projecting
The following inscription is cut on thelion figures one of which is broken.
or 0 m. 318).

face of the basement
15:[Siddham] Da ja (Ddnam) bhiJcshuno Bhadrasya

The naraa Dharmadeva occurs also Ind. Ant. Vol. XXXIII, p. 101.
The ha has both an t stroke above and a ri strobe beneath.

(

178

)

Bhadragh[o]shasya cha " Gift (?) of tb.3 tvn Friars Bhadra and Bhadra-

The same legend occurs on no. P 2S.

ghosha."*P 28.

Pillar-base (1' 10£" or 0 m. 565 by 1' 10§" or 0 m. 58 ; lit, 1' 1"or 0 m. 33).

Torus decorated with lotus-petals and with four projecting

lion figures, all of which are broken.

face of the square basement

The following inscription is cut on the[Siddham] Banarh:(?)

bhikaho Bhadrasya" Gift of the Friars Bhadra and Bhadraghosha."

Bhadraghosha[*ya cha],
The same legend is found on no. P 27.

*P 29.

Pillar base (1/ 11" or 0 m. 584 by 1'111" or 0 m. 597

ht, 1' 3";Torus decorated with lotus-petals and with four projecting lionor o m. 381).

On the face of the square basement is
an inscription, the concluding portion of which is missing. It was publishedby Prof. Dowson and re-edited by Prof. Liiders, who reads it Dcinam
fianghct'8thcivirasya bhadanta
figures, throe of which arc broken.

:"" Gift of the elder of the Congregation, the venerable

The stone was preserved in the Public Library at Allahabad till December
1907. (Cy. Dowson No. 21 Liiders, Ind. Ant. Vol. XXXIII, p. 155, No. 37.);

*P 30.

Pillar-base (2' or 0 m. 61 by 1' 101" or 0 m. 571 ; ht. 1' §" or

0 m. 292).

Torus decorated with lotus-petals and with four projecting lion

figures, one of which is destroyed.

face of the square basement:

The following inscription is cut onbhako sabharyyakasya sapu [trrakasya
of theVisvasika

x

( )

the

[Da]nam Visvasikasya Suiyalasya ku[rh]]"A pillar base the gift

Susyala with his wife [and sons]."

The stone was noticed by my photographer at the entrance of the Tahsil
gate in December 1907.
*P 31. Pillar-base (1' Hi" or 0 m. 596 by 2' or 0 in. 61 ht, 1' \" or;

0 m. 311).

Torus decorated with lotus-petals and with four projecting lion

figures two of which are broken.

of

face

tho square basement.

Falcudatev[a]nkasya.

The following inscriptioniscut on the

D\tt~\nam bhiksho[h*] Sanghadevasya" The gift of Friar

Sanghadeva, theVakuda (i.e., Vakula)."*P 32. Pillar base (1' 10-}" or 0 m. 562 square;ht.

discipleofl'SJ" or 0 m. 375).

Torus decorated with lotus-petals and with four projecting lion

figures.

The following inscription is cut on the face of the square basement Jaayi(J) k[uih]bhako d[a]narh bhik[shu]sya Sa,nghavarmma[sya] Vaddha" A pillar-base the gift of Friar Sanghavarmau and of Vaddha(?) eya cha.
:

(Vriddha?)."1

The word Viivasiha which also occurs in the inscription on pillar base M 2 g. in the

Calcutta Museum (Dowson No. 12) is apparently a title.

(*P 33.

179)

IV/ or 0 m. 59 by V 10|" or 0 m. 572 ht. 1' 2"Torus decorat.'d with lotus-petals and with two projecting

Pillar-base (1'or 0 m. 356).

lions and one elephant.

;

The following inscription, partly defaced, is cut on

the face of the square basement:

D[«J nam bhik8hu?[ya]s[ya]*P 34.

Buddhamitra-"" The gift of Friar Buddhamitra

Pillar-base (1' 1Q}/' or 0 m. 57 by 1' 11" or 0 m. 584 ; ht.

V \l"or 0 m. 342).

Torus decorated with lotus-petals and with four projecting
liou figures, all of which are damaged.
One corner is missing with theconcluding portion of the inscription cut on the face of the square basement.

D[u]nam bhikdhu[sija] Dattu.sya 37 (0 sahghe ch[a]t[ti,rdi£e" The gift of Friar Datta to the Universal Community"](Dowson no. 27).

*P 35.

Pillar-base (1' 10|" or 0 m. 57 by 1' lOf " or 0 m. 577 ; ht. 1'

or 0 m. 342).

U"

Torus decorated with lotus-petals and eight symbols and with

One corner is missing with the

projecting lion figures which are damaged.

beginning portion of the inscription cut on the face of the square basement.

The remainder reads

datta 126 sarh 47 1 va. 1 di. 11.

:

in the year 47 ;in the first month of the rainy season"

on the 11th day " (Dowson No.

7 ;Cunningham, A.S.R. Vol. Ill, p.

;

34,

no. 14.)*P 36.

Pillar-base (1' lOi" or 0 m. 57 by 1' 10|" or 0 m. 577

;

ht.

V f"

or 0 m. 323).

Torus decorated with lotus-petals and with four projecting

lion figures ofwhich three are destroyed.

Inscription on the face of thesquare basement almost entirely obliterated.

*P 37.

Pillar-base with indistinct inscription on the face
It reads :basement.

nctrh sdrva-aatvcinamof the square

Ddnam sahghaprakritcinam Bhaddila-pramukhahita[swkhartham];" Gift of the Superiorsof theCommunity, among whom Bhaddila ranks first, for the sake of the happiness(Cf. above no. P 24.)

and welfare of all creatures.''*P 38.
vaycirh

inscription in two lines on the face of[Sam] 47 gr [i] 4 di [20] asyapurv-

Pillar- base with indistinct

the square basement.

It

reads

[bhihshusya]:," [In the year] 47 ; in the 4th month of summer;

the 20th (?) day ; on that"date as specified above [of Friar]

Pillar-base with obliterated inscription on face of square basement.

*P 3D.
*p 40— 53. Fourteen pillar-bases similar to nos. P 20—39 but without

inscriptions.

P 54.
1

Fragment(ht.

3'Professor Luders reads 77.

6"

or

1

m. 065) of an

Indo-Pcrsepohtan

(pilaster of highly decorative

180)of thedesign consisting

top portion of theround shaft, decorated with lotus-buds and conventional Garudas separated
by double festoons, and of a grooved bell-shaped capital surmounted byfour lions couchant which support an abacus decorated with a palmetto

and two defaced female

figurines.

Thepilasterprojects

from a post

carved on both sides with a decorative border in which two grotesquefigures and a

Library

from the Jamalpur site.

P 55.

The sculpture was preserved at
December 1907 and perhaps originates

dragon are introduced.

Allahabad

the

till

(Plate lid).

Fragment (ht. 3' 6" or 1 m. 065) of the shaft of a highly decorated,
The shaft is9") rising from a vase.

semi-circular pilaster (diameter

carved with a pattern of interlaced double garlands, the triangular spaces
beingwith lotus-flowers and palmettes, and the square ones withfilledGarudas conventionallytreated.

The design

is

the

same

as

that

on

the shaft of no. P 54 which must have belonged to the same building.

Find-place unknown.

P 56.

Fragment

consisting

pillar,(Plate He.)

a

of

1'

(ht.

7" or 0 m.

of an

48)

Indo-Persepoltan

carrying four winged lions

bell-shaped capital

member which is decorated on three
One of the narrow sides
sides with a palmetto ornament in low relief.
A similar grooveof the upper member is plain, but has a vertical groove.

couchant, which support the upperdivides one of the broad sides.

P 57.
pillarFind-place unknown.

Fragment (ht. 10" or 0 m. 255)

consisting of an abacus supportedof aby four winged Hons couchant.

The obverse is decorated on the two longof the narrow sides

is

till

sides with apalmette.

One

carved with a fernlike ornament and the fourthside is marked with a groove.

Librarysmall Indo-Persepolitan

December 1907

The sculpture was kept
andperhapsat the Allahabadcame from the Jamalpur

site.

P 58.

Fragment (ht.

V 6" or 0 m. 457) of a bas-relief with a portionof an Indo-Persepolitan pilaster consisting of a semi-octagonal shaft andornamented bell-capital, carrying two winged lions couchant.

The upper
right
tracesofTo
thedrapery.
Find-place unknown.
member is missing.
(J. A. S. B„ Vol. XLVII (1878) Pt. 1 plate XX).
P 59. Fragment (ht. 91" or 0 m. 24) of a sculpture carved on one;

side with the upper portion of

an Indo-Corinthian dwarf pilaster and on

the reverse with a foliated design.

P60.

Bracket(ht.

1'Find-place unknown.

U" or 0 m. 242; length 2' 9" or 0 m. 833,

including tenon, with projecting figure of an elephant.

broken.

Find-place unknown.

Trunk and legs

181

(

P 61.

;

Bracket (hfc. Yi" or 0 m. 19 ; length 1' 5" or 0 m. 435 including

tenon) with projecting figuro of a winged makara.

P 02.

BracketGl"(ht.

m. 165; length

or 0

including tenon) with projecting figure of a lion.

P 63.

Allahabad

Bracket (ht. oh" or 0 m.

1'

collection.

10" or 0 m. 555

Allahabad collection.

139 ; length 1' 1"

0 m. 33) withor

The trunk which was raised is broken.

projecting figure of an elephant.

Find-place unknown.

P 64.

Central member (ht, llj" or 0 m. 293) of an Indo-Persepolitan

capitalwith four human-headed winged lions couchant.

one

missing.

isItfound in cleaning a well at Jamalpur and madeIt wasin diameter.

The head ofpierced from top to bottom by a round hole, 4"

isover to the Museum by Lieut-Col. W. Vost, I.M.S.

P 65.
figureAbacus (ht.

of avolutes.

P 66.

10i''

0 m. 267) carved on both sides with theor

Triton flanked by two lions rampant which support

It was also

thefound in the Jamalpur well.

Capital (ht.

m. 23)

2" or 0pilaster, decorated on two adjoining sides

an Indo-Persepolitan cornerofwith two lions couchant.

It wasalso found in the Jamalpur well.

P 67.

Stele (ht.

in two opposite sides.

2' 2" or 0 m. G6), square in section, with five niches

The niches are flanked by Indo-Scythianand separated by Buddhist railings.
by an ogee arch.

pilasters

Each of the top niches is surmounted

On th? sides which have five niches a figure is carved

on each side of the central niche, whilst on the remaining two sides ofthreenichesthe central niche

07er a curtain.

isplacedbetween two figures peeping

The sculpture which probably serveda lamp-stand (Hindi

thed'tpdun) was preserved at Allahabad

purpose oftill

December

1907, and came perhaps originally from Jamalpur.

P 68.

Fragment (ht.

sides with a male

3' or

0 m. 91-4) of a doorjamb carved on bothand holding a long staff in one hand.

figure standing

Allahabad collection.

P 69.

Fragment

(ht.

1'

7f"

0 m. 505) carved with a quadruple
Find-place unknown.
0 m. 32) the raised portion carvedordecorative border, one showing a vine pattern.

P 70.

Fragment

1'f" orwith a triple decorative border of which the one on the proper left has(ht.

an acanthus design and the adjoining one a vine pattern.

The sunk

portion is decorated with naturalistic lotus-flowers.

P 71.

Fragmenton the obverse

10J" or 0 m. 575) of a doorjamb (?) carved
In the upper one arewith two panels, much defaced.
(ht.

1'

two standing figures, in the lower one is a seated figure.
are decorated on the proper right with a

The narrow sides

male and female figure and on

182

(

)

the proper left with two dragons rampant.

The sculpture was obtained

by Pandit Eadha Krishna from a shrine at Sitala Ghnti in Mathurii City.

P 72.

Fragment (ht. 6" or 0 m. 459) carved with a double border ofan aioka and lotus design respectively. Fincl-place unknown.

P 73.

Fragment(ht. 1' 21 " or 0 m. 367) of the facing of adoorjamb (?)

decorated with vertical bands and the figure of a Bodhisattva in royal dress,and halo with scolloped border, seated cross-legged withvessel.

his

right

hand

In his left hand he holds araised in the attitude of imparting protection.

On the narrow sides are portions of two figures of which the lower

Find-place unknown.
Fragment (ht. 1' 11" or 0 m. 585) of the capital of an IndoFindPersepolitan pilaster with defaced figures of winged lions couchant.

one is a Buddha.

P 74.

place unknown.

Fragment (ht. 10" or 0 m. 255)

P 75.

of a doorjamb (?) carved

one side with a panel containing two half-nude
standing with folded hands
first

in

front of four

figures,onmale and female

men placed in a row.

one is seated on a stool; of the others only the headis visible.

The
Over

the panel is another sceneof which only the portion of a figure seatedon the ground is preserved.

Both are enclosed between vertical decorative

borders.

On the adjoining face is a male figure standing and holding

The fragment wasa garland in both hands. The head is missing.
preserved at the Allahabad Public Library till December 1907, and perhaps
originates from the Jamfdpur site.

P 76. Half-figure (ht. 4" or 0 m. 104) of a winged lion couchant.
From shrine of Mathura-nath jtfahadeo at the Dig Gate.
Fragment (ht. 6§" or 0 m. 165) of a doorjamb (?) decorated,with two male figures standing to front and holding a bunch of flowers
Remnants of standing figure on proper right side.
in their right hand.

P 77.

It was found in clearing a well at the village of Jamalpur

and made overto the Museum by Lieutenant-Colonel W. Yost, I.M.S.

Fragment

P 78.
right side.

(ht,

2'

10|" or 0 m. 877) of a doorjamb, proper

The front is divided into three sunk panels, in each of which

there are two figures, male and female, standing

with hands joined in the

Of the lower-most figures

only the heads remain.

attitude of adoration.

Each couple is standing on a Buddhist railing supported on three brackets
and is surmounted by a roof with cha itya window. On both sides of thesepanels thereisa raised border carved with a foliated design.

The side

face of the jamb is decorated with a lotus-rosotte and bands mostly defaced.
It was obtained by Pandit Radha Krishna from the village of Keravari

two

(

183

)

On loan frommiles from the left bank of the Jamnii on the road to Riiya.

the Government of India.

P 79.

Stele (ht. 7' 4'' or 2 m. 237) carved with fivefemales, placed

one over the other, of which the lowermost one is totally, and the next one
partially

defaced.

These panels are separated by railings surmounted bychaitya windows, in three of which standing figurines are half
the proper right runs a narrowbamboovisible.

Toborder, to the proper left a flabband carved in low relief with palmettes and symbols.

The uppermost panel contains three femalj figures, two of which areseated on low stools

opposite each other, the one apparently receiving acup from the hand

of

the

other.

The third figure, evidently a maid-

servant, is standing somewhat back with a fan in her right hand.

In thoupper corner the foliage of a tree is visible.

The second panel contains a similar scene showing three female figures
making mu^ie. Two are seated, of which one plays the harp, and the otherappears to hold castanets in her right baud. The third, standing, plays
At her side is the foliage of an aioka tree.
In the third panel one female is seated on a stool, the second rubbing

the flute.

her

left

foot

and thethird standing

with a dish in her left hand.

Thenext two panels are too much defaced to be identified.

The slab was discovered by Pandit Ram Chandar

insidethe

MahollPaur (or gate) of the City, where it was" used as the corner stone of a dwelling house.

It

Radha Krishna.

for the Museum
On loan from the Government of India.

was subsequently acquired

by Pandit

—

184

(

,

)

Q. Inscribed Slabs and Tablets.

MORA WELL INSCRIPTION. Slab. (ht. 11' 2" or 3 m. 506,

*Q 1.

width 2' 11" or 0 m. 91C) inscribed with a fragmentary inscription in fourlines.
The inscription was discovered by General Cunningham in 1882-83
at the village of Mora 7 miles west of Mathurii City, where it formed part of

the terrace of an ancient well.

It

was then incomplete, batfrom Cunningham's facsimile thatIn the following transcript I

lated.

portions found only in the facsimile

appears

enclosewithin round brackets the:1.

MahaJc(sha)t(rapasa R'ljuvulasi putra)

Bhagavata3.

it

has since become much more muti-

2.

Vrl{sh)ne{nxt.....

pamcha V'lrdnum pratima

iaila-....

irlvagra)•ityastoshaya &{ai)le {irinwdgrahamatula muda-dhisa)

.

.

•

4.

arch'idoJam sallam

pjichajvaUtfJa

iva

pirama vapusha)

Museum under supervi(A. S. E., Vol. XX, p. 4sf. plate V, no. 4).

In January 1908, I had the slab removed to thesion of Pandit Radha Krishna.

;

On loan from the Government of India.
*Q 2. Tablet of homage or mji'igx-'paft (') (ht. 2' 4" or 0 m. 733
width 1' Oil" or 0 m. 503) carved with a compktei>U~pa;surrounded bya railing and approached by moans of a flight of steps and an ornamental

gateway (Skr. turanu).

This torano,isof

the usual

type with threearchitraves, the projecting ends of the one beneath being supported by lion-

The stupn is flanked by two pillars of Persepolitan style, the one

brackets.

to the proper right carrying a w heel and the other a sitting lion.

of the stiipa are three worshipping figures.

On each side

The two flying figures above

possibly represent munis who were supposed to have theporting themselves through the air.

power of transThey are naked and carry in the left

hand a piece of cloth and a waterpot or almsbowl, whilst their right handisapplied to the forehead in token of respectful salutation (Skr,namas-The second pair of figures may be identified with suparnas or
kimnaras corresponding to the harpies of classical art. They have birds'
The one to the proper right carries a bunch of flowers,
tails and claws.
The two female figures leaning in a graceful attitude
the other a garland.
hdra).

An aijuga-pata is an ornamental

shb, bearing the representation of a Jina
object of worsbip, and the tetm may be appropriately rendered by" tablet of bomnce or of wor.-bip," since such slabs were put up id temples, as the numerous" Among theinscriptions on them s.iy "for the worship of tLc Arbats "Jainas they probably went out of fashion at an early period as the inscriptions on theminvariably show archaic characters, and pre in do case to be dated." Hubler, Ep. Ind
Vol. II, pp. 311 and 314. For other speumccs of a^wja-patas cf. V, A. Smith, Jain Stupa,
(1) "

or

some

oilier....

,plates VII— XIII.

:

185

(

against the drum of th:(yalcshl).

stPpa.

)

supposjIthem

to r .-present

nymphs

They resembb the so-called dancing-girls found on railing-pillars.

On each side of the staircase is a ni.-he containing anature of which cannot he a Pertained.

standing

thefigure,That to the proper right seems to

be a male figure a^ompanii d by a child, that to the left a female.

On the dome is a Prakrit inscription in six

74/'

lines,

8|"

to

long.

It reads

Text.

Namo Arahato Vardhainunast Ardye ganikdye Lonasijbli.tkO.ye dhitu £ ma asu v IhCiye
1

1.

2.

.i

>i

3.

Ndddye ganih'tye Vasu[_ye] Araliuto devik[u]la4.

Cvjiig i-salhd pr'pd £!l[u']pa[to'] patisth[d,]pito

6.

nam

G.

sarvenu cha po.rijn.nena Arahata pujdye.

Araha[hl]yatanesa[hd]

m[d]tareNigathd-

bhaginiyedhitaraputreiia

TftAXSIATIOX.

"Adoration

to

the

Arhat

Yardhaimna.

The

daughterthoofmatron (?) courtesan Lonasobhika (Skr. Lavanasobhika), the disciple of
the ascetics, the junior (?) courtesan Yasu has erected a shrine of theArhat, a hall of homage (uydgj.sabhd), a cistern [and] a stone slab at tin
sanctuary of the JS'irgrantha Arhat s together with her mother, herdaughter, her son and her whole hons;hokl in honour of the Arhats.''

and nndO.ye (Skr. nunddy'dt) to be
denoting certain ranks among courtesans. It should be remembered

I take drdye (Skr. drydydh)
titlesthat in the

Mrkhclthakatikd the courtesan Yasantasena

aelelressedisasajjukd.
This inscribed tablet was

first

noticed bypublished a rough sketch of it together with a

Bhagavan Lai Indraji who
and translationtranscript

Subsequently Mr. Y. A. Smith published a photograph
The exact whereabouts of the sculpture were, however, unknown,
Pandit Kadha Krishna rediscover, d it let into the wall of a smallof the epigraph.

of it.
until

lihga shrine at the well of the name of Mukund Kuan not far from the
Lachhmangarh Tila outsiele the Holi Gate. The Pandit secured it for
the Museum in

J 63 and 64.

April1908 together with the two railingpillarsnos.

It is assert. d that the three sculptures had been dug up froma fit-Id near the village of Maholl (Plate Y. Cf. Adesda sixieme congrh

international des Orientdhtex tenio en 1883 A Leide, part III, section
Burgess,
Smith, Jain Stilpa, plate CIII
II, pp. 142—144, with plate;;

Ancient Monument.% plate 155, no. 2 ; Lfiicrs,
1

Professor Lujers reads Aduye.

Ind. Ant.

;

Yol. XXXIII,

:

186

(

)

pp. 152 f., and Z. D. M. G. Vol. LVII (1904), p. 8G8).

On loan from the Government of India.
*Q 3. Fragment (ht. 1' 6}" or On, 403)
propercornerleft

of atablet ofpanel, enclosed in a double rope border, only

side

capitalAlong the proper

left

narrow panel which contains a column with Persepolitan bellais

Of tlu central

two flying figures withwhich occupy the spandrels remain.

garlands

consisting of the upperhomage (uydgn-pi.ifa).

and two

wingedlions

surmount. d by ancouchant,

The wholestanding to the right.

isenclosed withinelephant

decorative

a

vine

border.

On

back

the

is

a fragmentary

inscription

in

two

14|"

lines,

5|" long, enclosed within a border carved in low reli f.

Itlished by Mr. Growse and re-edited by Professor Meiers.

It reads

was

first

by

pub-

:

[nu]ye Mogali-putasa Puphakasa bhiynije

1....

Pusdye pasudo.

2.

" Gift of Piisa (Skr. Pushya), the wife of Puphaka (Skr. Pushpaka),theson of Mogali "Judging from the character, thetablet must belong to the 1st century
Mr. Growse notes hat it was found in the Kaiikali Till (Muthura,

B.C.

l

pp. 177f., Ind.

(1878), Pt.

Ant., Vol. VI, p. 218, no. 4, and J. A. S. B., Vol.
119, plate

I, p.

XLVII

XX; Liiders, Ind. Ant., Vol. XXXIII, p. 151,

no. 28.)*Q 4.

Slab (length 3' 6" or 1 m. 10;

width 3' 4" or 1 m. 047 and thick-ness G" or 0 m. 157) with traces of an inscription
charact

rs ofKushanathe

period.

of four lines in Bra h mi
The slab was found together with theinsciibed Nfiga image no. C13 at the village of Chhaygaon, 5 miles

Mathuni.

south ofAll that can still be traced is[[ra]jat:[rajr,]

12[pu]i"jiiyya,

8

K0 sa sa va pi da ra va

4[pri]jati

Apparently the inscription contained a date.

It musthave been con-temporaneous with the inscribed Niiga statue.

*Q 5.
11"

Gupta

inscription.

or 0 m. 288) of a

Fragment

tablet, broken(ht.

in U\o1H"

pieces,or

0 m. 302:

width

with portions oft nlines of an inscription in

Gupta character. It contains the gonealogv of the
Gupta emperors and must belong to the ivign of Chandragupta II Vikramaditya.

The stone was discovered by General Cunningham in 1853

the Katra where

Katra gateway.

atformed part of ihe pavement immediately outside the
The inscription was first published by Cunningham am

it

J

187

(

)

On loan from the Gov-

re-edited by Dr. Fleet ( Gupta laser., p. 26,. no. 4).

ernment of India.

*Q 6.

Tablet ( I' 7" or 0 m. 498 by 1' 1|" or 0 m. 353), broken in two

puces, with an inscription in thirteen lines of corrupt Sanskrit.
iswritten vertically along the proper right margin.

Line 11

Lines 12 and 13 are

written in the top margin, the last line being a short one.

The character
The letters, which are raised, are irregular and badly formed
and measure about f* in height. The iusoiiption apparently records theis Nagfiri.

;name of Narayan

construction of some sanctuary by an individual of theDas.

The dateisthe

Yikrama year 1012, Chaitra ba

ti

10, Sunday,

corresponding with
Text,
1.

Svasti &ri atha samvatnare smin2.

fen-wripati-V ikramdd itya-sdke samvat

3.

1612 vurshe Chaitra va. di. 10 dasaml Ravi-

4.

dine Vijai-Sikamdara-rdjye Tivun Niham-

5.

ddtasya jmtra Gopitladtisa&ya sishyu Nardya-8.

mddsa dharmmdrthena karitarh vihdravdsl Dhala
ti Ed' to va sta nv,\\ Taj janma tdni karmmdnl tad dyustan mano-vachan\\ vrindth yenaj

9.

hi visvatmd sevyate ffarlr Isiaroh\\ 1-Piai

6.

7.

va vd da daasha iiu

10.

syu'a dhavi g

11.

dahalakar'i Dddil B rdhnvnyx

12.

Likhitaih Keso Mlsru gxniko siahya.

13.

sr'i-Gofdla jaya.

tr*Translation.
"Hail! Good fortune

!

In

this

year, the year 1C 12of theillustrious

prince Vikramaditya, in [the month ol] Chaitra, the tenth (10th) day of thedark fortnight, on Sunday, in the victorious reign of Sikandar, NarayanDas, the pupil (?) of Gopal Das, the son of Tivari Nihaifa {<) Dat (Das \),caused for the sake of lvligious merit

to be made" That is [true] existence, those arc [true] deeds, that is [true] life, andthat is [true] thought and speech of men [that namely]by which the Soulof the Universe, the Lord Hari, is served

written by Keso Misru" May Sri Gopal be victorious f
The tablet is said to originate from Brind "iban. The date of the inscrip-

The king inwhose reign it is dated, is Sikandar the younger brother of Sh"r Shlh Surtion corresponds to

Sunday the 17th March 1555 A.D.

iss

)

Afghan kingsof(and last of the

line

of

Delhi.

He wasHumayfin in the battle of Sirhind which took place on

defeated byISth of Junethe1555, viz., three months after the date of the present inscription.

*Q 7.
1 '

Stele (ht. 5' C" or 1 m. 728) with a sunk panel,Vhigh andwide, containing a rudely carved male figure walking to the right

holding a large

The lower portionbow.

inscription in six lines which I readandbears a Niigarlof the panel:

Samvat 1420 varshe Maihgodalu jnnmasthanastha-Jcuyastho Muthurinh nvayu (') Bhiisbira-pautra-Vtkrata Pithau Simgha-suta[\l\\Asvana-mdse site pakshe dasam[yiim]
SomaViisare gomihesa
fam[ga]me Ainarashhgho ndmx

1.

2.

3.

4.
5.
6.

The

inscription contains thename of thevillage (?)

ofMangodalasituated 13 miles from the City in the direction of Bharatpur (Of. Growse,
10,

MondayThe stone was obtained by Pandit Radha Krishna from thevillage of

Mathuru,p. 4)

and the date Samvat 1420, Asvina

su.

ti.

corresponding to the 18th September 1363 A.D.

Maglora {')*Q 8.

On loan from the Government of India.
Tablet (ht.

coloured sandston
characters.

reading•1'4" or 0 m. 42:

width V If" or 0 m. 36) of buff-

containing a Sanskrit inscription in nine lines of Bengali

Pandit Binode Bihaii Bidyabinode has supplied the following:

1702 S~jka urangalcn....

1.
2.

gate RayanamasiW&rl Utta-

3.

ma ru(i)ina Sri •nui[tah<ltl ?] Ita

4.

Si i Lakhiruma Sri Rxvu

5.

ni Bri Virachandra Sri Lahhi

6.

ruina Sri Govodhana Si-l U

7rilvi Bra(SrX) prdnnutha Sri hi

8.

ttivusa Si'l Vivhfo9,

rilma.

*Q 9.

Square pillar (ht. 4' G{" or 1 m. 40) carved on one end with ahalf lotus-rosette on each face and inscribed on two sides.

*Q

lOf" or 0 in. 282) with two figures, male andIt has a fragmentary Nagarl
female, standing to front, hand in hand.
10.

inscription

Both

Satl slab

in two(ht.

lines, one

sides of the stone are

the Balbhadra Kund.

above andbroken.

the other

It wasbeneath the figures.

obtained from a shrine nearOn loan from the Government of India.

189

(

•Q 11.
Nagarl.
City.

Slab (7" or 0 m.

)

178 square) inscribed with three

Obtained from a baghich.it, near the Kanska

f

Iltl

at

lines

in

MathuraOn loan from the Government of India.

*Q 12.

Undressed stone with indistinct carvings and Nagarl

scription apparently consisting of five linjs of writing.

(?)

in-

On loan fromtheGovernment of India.

*Q 13.
356;

Monolithic column (ht. 19' 1" or 5 m. 954; width 1' 2" orO m.

thickness1'orand octagonal above.
lines, 1' 2" in length

0 m. 304) square in section up to a height of 8' 7"
It is inscribed with the following inscription in

seven

:

Transcript.
1.

Siddho.ih 11 Mahurdjasya r[u]jat[t]irajasya devaljm-]

2.

trasya Sh'',her=Vvdsishkasya rajya-saihvatsare [cha-]

3.

turvimse 24 gr['i]shmd-mdse chaturtthe 4 diva[se]4.

trimse 30 asyum purvvuyam Rudrila-pitttren.t Drona-

5.

lena bruhmanena BhCtradvuja-sagottrenn mu l -6'.

na (?) chchhundogena ish ,vH s'-tttreni dvddasar['j]ttrena

7.

yiipah prutishfjidpitah[l*]t riyan'iim= Agnayu[k],f>Translation.
" Success!

In the reign of the King, the King of kings, His Majesty,

Shahi Vasishka, in the twenty-fourth (24th) year, in the fourth (4tb) monthon the thirtieth (30ih) day— on this date Dronala, the son ofchanter
Rudrila, a Brahmin belonging to the gotra of Bharadvaja and aof summer,of holy hymns, while performing a saciifice in a [solemn] session of twelvedays (lit. nights), has set up this sacrificial post.

May the [three] Fires be

propitious."

The pillar was discovered by Pandit Kadha Krishna in Juno 1910
at the village of Isapur or Hans Ganj on the left bank of the Jamna
opposite the City.
1(Cf. J.R.A.ti. for 1910 )Possibly an ahshara is lost after ma",

190

(

)

E. Beahmanical Ahchitectceal Sculptures.

R 1— 29.

Remains from a Hindu temple

Growae, Maihuvu,(Cf.

Notes, J.A.S.B.,

at

Sahiir,Vol.

Chhiita pargana.

XLYII

part

(1878),

I,

pp. 117f., plate XV.)

R 1.

Fragment (ht.

5'10J" or1m.79) of a profusely carved dcor-

jamb, which must have stood on the proper left sideof theentrance to the

Beneath are two projecting figures too much defaced to be identi-

temple.

That

The remaining portion is decorated with four vertical borders.

fied.

nearest the entrance (proper right side) is carved
design.

with an elegant foliated

The second border contains four erotic groups placed one over theother, and each consisting of a maleand a female figure standing under a

Under the lowermost group is a four-armed flying

canopy.

figurine

porting with two hands the canopy above and holding a lutj (Skr.

sup-

v'nn)

with the other two hands. The third band is carved in the shape of a pilaster.

Both in its base and capital the well known device of the vase with

The square shaft is decorated
down from a grotesque mask. The fourth band isoverhanging foliage has been introduced.
with a bell hanging

carved with a simple relief pattern.

R 2-10.

Eight pillars and pilasters with plain square shafts recessed along

the corners and with elaborately carved capitals of the pot-aud-foliage type.

R 11 — 12. Two specimens of an abacus.
R 13-15. Three bracket capitals (ht V 2" or 0 m.35G).
.

brackets areeach decorated

with a projecting

four-armed

The fourmale

figure.

These figures support with two hands and with their feet the slab on which
the ai'chitrave rested.

Their remaining two hands arj placed on their knees.

Between two of them there projects an

All the four figures are defaced.

elephant of which the trunk
legged.

isbroken.

Under it is a figurine seated cross-On the three remaining sides are standing 2saga (!) figures.

R 16 — 19.
R 20 — 29.

Four capitals of different shape.

Ten ornamentalbuilding-stones carved in the

shape ofchapels iu which figures of deities are placed. No.* R 21 has a fragmentary
Niigari inscription dated Samvat 1428 (A.D. 1371-2).

R 30.

Fragment (ht. S" or 0 in. 235) of a building-stone carved withan ornamental pediment.

R 31.

Fragment(ht. 1'2}" or 0 m. 335) of a doorjamb carved witha standing figure of a river goddess carrying a vase iu her right hand.

R 32.

Ornamental building-stone

with a diaper pattern.

(ht.

V S}" or 0 m. 544) decorated

It was obtained by Mr.

Growse from Mahaban andprobably belonged to a mediaeval Hindu temple, (Mathunt, Notes, J.A.S.B.,
Vol.

XLYII, 1878, part I, p. 119, plate XX).

191

(

R 33-3-1.

)

Two pillar ba-es from Sahiir (') carved in the shape of step-

ped pyramids {Ibidem, plate XV, but cf. Introduction).

R 35—36. Two square pillars (ht. 3' G" or 1 m. 068) with bases andcapitals of the

pot-and-foliage type.

One pillar has on one side over the
The other pillar had

lower vase a female figurine seated to the proper left.

presumably a similar figure, which, however, is defaced. The centre of the
shaft is marked with a rim from which a double festoon hangs down on each
Mr. Growse who obtained these twoside.

pillars

from the Kankall Tila

ascribes them to about the year 400 on account oi the absence of a grotes-

que mask (Mathum, p.lLS

R 37.

Matliun' Notes, p.110, plate XX).

;

Grotesque mask

(Jit.

1' 6" or 0 m.45S)

pointed nose and a wide mouth with a moustache.

with protruding eyes,
It probably belongs to a

Brahmanical temple.

R 38.

BuildiDg-stone(lit.

SJ" or 0 in. 215) profusely decorated with

Building-stone(ht.

10" or 0 m. 254)

carvings,

R 39.

apparently the mouldedbase of a pilaster.

R 40.

Building-stone (length 2' 9" or 0 in. 533); purpose uncertain.

R 41.

Pilaster

1'

(ht.

7"

or 0

in.

497) with portion of architrave, pro-mediaeval Hindu temple. Id
was discovered by Mr. Growse in opening out the newr pa\ ud way along thefusely carved, probably belonging to someriver bank in the City.

R 42.

(Math urn Notes, p. 119, plate XX).

Building-stone (ht. 0" oi 0 m. 15

;

width

1'

2"

or

0 m. 356)

carved on two sides with chaitya windows.

R 43.

Fragment (lit. Hi" or 0 in. 29) of an ornamental

rated with horizontal borders of various design.

Until

deco-

A projecting ehapel which

originally must have occupied the centre contains a figure oi Si\a seated on

the bull Nandi andclasps Piirvatl

holding a trident and a snake.

who is seated onWith

his right

arm heBoth figures are injured. On
It was obtained by 3Ir. Growse " inhis knee.

each side stands a female attendant.

the progress of repairs of the Chhattlii Falua (or Assi Khamba) at MahabaD,

being part of the Hindu temple

1

there whichzeb." {Mathum Note*, p. 120, plate

was destroyed by Aurang-

XX).

R 44.

Fragment (ht. 1' or 0 m. 305) carved with a corpulent dancing
Find-place unknown.
figure in high relief.

R 45.

Fragment (ht.

1'1" or 0 m. 33) of adoorjamb, containing two

dancing figures placed one over the other.
1

In tkeLucknow Museum are two pillars said to have belonged to the same temple.

They both bear inscriptions dated Samnt 1227 (A.D. 1170-1).

Cf. abore p. 17.

(

1D2

)

E 46. Fragment (lit. 1' Ui" or 0 m. 47) of a .sculptured stone apparently belonging to the doorway of some Brahmanical temple.

with three figures.

The surface is much disintegrated.

It is carved

It was preserved at

the Allahabad Public Library till December 1907, but it is doubtful whether
itbelongs to Mathura.

R 47.

Sculpture

(lit.

1' or

0 in. 304) apparently thepedimentofa

The centre is occupied by anornamental niche containing a corpulent male figure which holds a staff
over his bit shoulder.
It is flanked by two squatting female figures ofBrahmanical miniature temple or chapel.

That to the proper

which that to the proper right holds a child in her lap.

Beneath these three figures there is awhich is defaced, is four-armed.

left,

row of nine squattiug figurines representing the Sun, the Moon, theplanets Mars,

Mercury, Jupiter, Venus,

five

and Saturn, the Eclipse-demon

Rahu (depicted as a bust) and the Comet Ketu.

These nine figures called

Nava-Grah ia are usually placed over the entrance of Brahmanical temples.

On both sides of this row is a projection containing a pair of dancing female
figures carrying various attributes.

There is, moreover, at both ends of the

sculpture a standing figure which is mostly defaced.

Along the top of thestone is a row of eight dying figurines of which four areplaced to the rightof the central figure and tour to the left.
It was purchased by Pandit Radha Krishna from a Khatrl, Girdhar Lai,

who

is

On

said to have found it in the Jamna near the old Fori of Kails.

loan from the Government of India.

R 4S.

Building-stone (length 3' or 0 in. 942;

ht. 8" or 0

m. 21) with afour-armed suppoi ting bracket-figure, partly broken, on one side and a plain
bracket of geometrical design at the other end.

The stone apparently first

Muham-

belonged to a Brahmanical temple and was afterwards used in amadan building.

It

was noticed by Pandit Radha Krishna let into thea housein

the KakOr Ghati in Hathura City

wall ofand subsequently

purchased for the Museum.

R 49.

Fragment (ht. 2'orOm. 61)ofa sculptured building-stone,

which Mr. Growse obtained from Sheigayh in the Chhat'i pargand, where
he foundit

imbeddedin

one of the towers of a fort built according totradition by the Emperor Sher Shah.

It probably belongs to a

mediaevalBrahmanical temple (Mathura Notes, p. 119, plate XX).

R 50.
the proper

Fragment (ht. 1' li" or 0 in. 353), probably lower portionleft

doorjamb of a doorway, carved with two standing

male and female, which are much defaced.

On loan from the Government of India.

figures,

It was obtained by Pandit

Radha Krishna from the Jogipura Quarter of the City
Gate.

of

close to

the

Holi

193

(

R 51.

Fragment)

3" or 0 m. 393), probably lower portion of(ht. 1'the jamb of a doorway, carved with twoItpartlydefaced standing

figures.

was obtained by Pandit Radha Krishna from the Jogipura quarter ofcW to the Holi Gate.

the City

R 52.
jamb

Fragment (ht. 11" or 0 m. 288), probably lower portionof a doorway, carved withwhich are partly defaced.

Itof thetwo standing figures, male and female,

was obtained from a cowherd who

said

is

to

have found it on the Brindaban road.

R 53.
pillar,Building stone (ht. 1' 8" or 0 in. 523), apparently

camd in front with a partly defaced female

base

of

a

('.) figurine kn?tling toproper left and holding a vessel (?) in her right hand.

was found byIt

Pandit Radha Krishna in the village of Jaisinghpura, 1 mile from the City

on the Brindaban Road.

Accordingformed part of the Kesab Dev

a localtotradition,

had onceit

temple destroyed by Aurangzeb in A.D.

1661.

R 54.

Stele (ht. 3' 11" or 1

m. 23) carved in the shape of

temple surmounted by an amulaka stone.

sikharaa

Style late mediaeval.

Thefour faces beneath the sikhara bear the following figures enclosed between

square dwarf pillars:—

1.

Male figure with pointed beard seated on horseback

and apparently receiving a cup from

femab

2.

Male

figure lying on a couch under a tree with a female figure rubbing his

feet.

a

behind.

figure3.

Male deity with pointed beard seated on a cushion

4.

Male figure seated with a female figure on his left knee.

;

attributes indistinct.

The sculpture is said to be a sepulchral monument erectedof a Raj put warrior who is probably represented by theother three figures

seem

first

memoryin

The
Vishnufigure.

to be Siva (with Parvati), Brahma, andThe stone was obtained by Pandit Radha Krishna from(with Lakshml).

the neighbourhood of the village of Behach, DigTahsil,Bharatpur State.

On loan from the Government of India.
(For a description of a similar sepulchral
A.S.R.,

Vol.

XXI,

p.

120,

and

Fiihrer,monument cf. Cunningham,
Monumental Antiquities,

pp. 139 f.)

R 55.

Bracket (ht. 8" or 0 m. 209) with Atlant.

hele in body.

R 56.

Legs broken;

circular

Obtained from the town of Kami in Bharatpur State.

Lower portion (ht. 3'

with figure of the river goddess

or

0 m.

Gang;!

914) of proper(the Ganges)

leftdoorjamb

standingonaand turned to the proper right with her righthand (which is broken) raised to the shoulder and her left hand resting on
She is accompanied by
the head of a girl who is standing behind her.

crocodile(Skr.

two male figuresmakara):one a boy

— apparently an attendant — standing behind

194

(

)

and the other standing to front with his right

her in uncertain action,

hand raised to his shoulder and holding a staff inboy attendant

the

his

Behind

hand.

left

head we notice a flower

rises a lotus-stalk and over hison which two miniature figures, apparently male and female, are seated.

On eachfull-blown lotus-flower.

there is aside

defaced Xaga figurine win -h is provided with

The stalk ends in aa sjven (')-headed serpent-hood and joins hands in the attitude of adoration.

On a level with this Nfiga there aiv
vertical bands of carving.

dancing figures

:

throe

figurines

supporting three

To the proper right we have a ba nd with two

the one Karttikeyaf'-)seated <>n a peacock (!) with a staff

in his left hand, and over him Chamundfi (') with a longstaff resting

in

her

left

arm.

necklace and a

The central projecting band is carved witha female figurine holding a clcaur'. in her
a pediment of a miniature chapel.

hand

left

Beneath is a

aucl

standing undercapitalof the pot-and-The third raised band to the proper left is decorated with
The three raised bands are separated by deep vertical recesses.
To the proper left runs an inner border of scrollwork over the Naga figure.
The sculpture, which came from the bungalow once occupied by Mr.
Growse, was presented to the Museum by Mr. J. Ingram.

f'oliage

type.

croll-work.

R 57.

Proper light doorjamb (ht.

5' orYamunam 52) decorated with the

1Jamna) standing on
turnedtotheproper
left,
the
side
and
viz.,
of the doorway. Thea tortoise
figure of ariver-goddess, probably

animal on

which she stands is uncertain and may be a crocodile in whichcase the figure

dess

is

(the

would represent Gang.l (the Ganges).

The

river god-accompanied by a female attendant of smaller siz=>, apparently

holding a lotus-stalk, while a male figure is standing to front withhand raised.

There

is,

his right with one hand placed on his shoulder and with theently holding his hand,further a miniatur e

his

left

moreover, a broken figure of a child standing toother appar-

The action of this figure is uncertain.

figurekne.-ling(or

flying ')to theWe noticeproperleftof

Yamuna and holding an off -ring in both hands.
Over each ofthetwo larger figures there rise- a vertical raised band,supported by a four-arm d (iaudharva. flying to the proper left, who holds
a mace or sword in two hand- and with the remaining two hands .supports
the pedestal above.

The two raised border- which are separated by a flat sunk band ot
To the proper
scroll-work are each decorated with four amatory couples.
left

of

the inner

border there runs a i arrow line of busts of dancers andmusicians, sixteen in number, the lowermost figure being turned towards
the temple entrance with hands fold.'d in adoration.

(

R 58.

195

Fragment (ht. 7f " or 0 m. 20

consisting of the proper left half of a);lengthlintel

2'

3|"

or

0 m. 705)with defaced seated male (?)

figure iii the centre, a row of six flying figures carrying garlands (Gandhar-vas and Ap-saras ?)figurestanding.

F 08 from the village of Dlnngaon G
On loan from the Government of India,

together with no.
of Mathunl.

and a male and female

miles

Obtainedsouth-west

19G

(

S.

)

Mughal Architectcral Remains.

Aurangabadperiod.
Mughalbelonging to some building of the

S 1—35.

White

apparently

marble remains fromFountain basin (2' 4'' or 0 m. 71 square) with raised border anddepression, circular in outline, and carved in the scalloped fashion in vogue

S 1.

during the Mughal period.

Stand ('3' 7" or 1 m. 092 square) consisting of a slab resting on

S 2.

four detached legs of an ornamental kind.

S 3.— Stand (2' 1" or 0 m. 635 square).
S 4. Broken screen (5' 3" by 2' 8") pierced in a hexagonal design.
S 5 — G. Two tapering shafts (ht. 3 H") of pillars, fluted with twelve
flutinc.'s and ending on both sides in a calice ol twelve leaves.
S 7— S. Two tapering shafts (lit. 3' 8") similar in shape and design to;the pillars nos. S 5— 6.

Two pillar bases (ht. 2' 5" and 2' 6") with a central bulbous

S 9—10.

portion of twelve flutings.

S 11—12.

Two bases of pilasters (ht. T 5" and 2' 6") with a centralbulbous portion of twelve flutings.

S 13

— 35.

Twenty-three carpet-weights (Persianeachvilr-farsh)consisting of an ornamental boss resting on a square base.

S 3G.

Building stone (ht,It;length 4' 2" or 1 m. 31

It probably belongs to a building of the earlywith a bracket on each side.

Mughal period.

U" or 0 m. 458

1 'was found on the road leading from the Holi Gate

tothe Kot will! and presented to the Museum by Seth Bhik Chand, Honorary

Magistrate of Mathura,
1'H" or 0 m. 34) of the fluted

shaft of iiillar rising from a border of foliaye.

Probably it belongs to some

S 37.

Red sandstone fragment (ht.

building of the Mughal period.

at Allahabad t ill Decem-

It was preserved

ber 1907, but it is doubtful whether it originates from Mathura.

Red sandstone fragment (ht. 7i" or 0 in. 19) carved with the
The stone seems to belong to some Hindu or early
figure of a peacock.
Mughal building 2 It was kept at Allahabad till December 1907, and it
S 38.

.

is

uncertain whether it originates from Mathura.

S 39.

Base

(ht. 1'6" or 0 m. 471) of a pillar, early Mughal in style.

Allahabad collection.
1

Aurangiibi'l is a village 4

Aurang-zeb who

mill'shere enticed his brotherappears to have bten

Eupiiagar.

tothe south

Jlciail

Matbuia,

of

which

is nameil

The ancient nameHakhsh.

Mogor

Cf. Manucci, Storia do(triiisl.

of

after

the place

Irvine),Vol.

I,

pp. 208S. and Valentijn, Kieuw Ooii-Indun, Vol. IV, p. 302.
'

Fort.

A frieze of similar peacocks occurs on

the early

Mughalbuildings in the

Lahore

197

(

S 40.

Carpet-weight (lit. 6i" or 0 m. 165) consisting of a boss on an

octagonal base.

December 1907
S 41.

)

It
;

was preserved at the Allahabad Public Library

Figure (lit. 10'' or 0 m 253 j of an elephant, trunk and legs

broken, probably belonging to a bracket ot some Hindu or earlybuilding.

S 42.
to

till

origin unknown.

It also belonged to the

Figure (ht.

Allahabad collection;

Mughalorigin unknown.

Cf " or 0 m. 171) of an elephant probably belonging

a bracket of souij Hindu or early Mughal building.

Allahabad collec-

tion ; origin unknown.

S 43.

Bas-relief (ht. 1' 3'-" or 0 m. 393;

width 2' 2|" orin a sunk panel representing a horseman pursued by an

0 m.

eleph mt

666)

mountedby two men of whom one holds a goad (Skr. unkuki) and th.j second an
The sculpture must belong to theobject in the shape of a dumb-bell x.

early Mughal period {circa A.D. 1600).

Pandit Radha Krishna

obtained

it from Govardhau where it was being worshipped as J.ihir (i.e., Zahir)

When found,On loan from the Government of India.

or Gugga, the Cid Campador of Hinduism.

with plaster.
1

A very similar scene occurs among the tile mosaics ontheshortly be published in the Journal of Indian Art anil Industry.

it

Pir

was covered

Lahore Fort

which

will

198

(

)

T.— Tedra-cottas a si) Miscellaneous Antiquities.
T 1.

Terra-cotta plaque (ht. 9\" or 0 m. 235) with a squatting cor-pulent male figure wi aring a garland round his shoulders, heavy ear-rings,

a necklace and bracelets.
knee.

The two hands are empty the left;

rests on the

Find-place unknown.

T 2.

Terra-cotta fragment (ht.

leg and right

foot

of

ISi" or 0

m. 216) containing thelofta standing male ('.) figure wearing a dhoti and agarland {tiki, mula) hanging down along his knee.

Workmanship rude.

Find-place unknown.

T 3.

Terra-cotta fragment

(ht.

9"

orOm.

with

228)

a

corpulent

female figure seated to front on an ornamental chair and holding in her
left

arm

a male child lacing

neck and its loins

and wealing a string of beads roundits

Her right hand is raised to the height of her shoulder

with the open palm of the hand turned outward.

She wears a wreath on

her head, heavy pendants in her ears, a row of bracelets and a tilaha.

T 4. Terra-cotta fragment (ht. 6" or 0 in. 152) consisting of a headlessfemale figure with a girdle, bracelets and heavy bangles standing to front
with a bulbous flower--* ase to her right.

T 5.

Find-place unknown.

7" or 0 m. 178) consisting of amodelled female figure, the arms and legs of which are missing.
place unknown.
Terra-cotta fragment (ht.

T 6.

Terra-cotta fragment

1'

rudel

Find-

4''

or 0 m. 407) consisting of afemale figure, presumably a NagI, carrying a flower vase on the palm of(ht,

her left hand, which is raised to a level with her shoulder. Right arm andlegs below knees missing.
Nose, chin and breasts damaged.
Nos. T 6—14 were found in 1905 at Malpur by Mr. H. L. Battersby,
D., Assistant Engineer, Agra-Delhi Chord Railway, when
making a
cutting through the south-west corner of the site of the ancient
city of
P.

W.

Mathura.

They were presented to the Museum by Major Ashworth,

R.E.,

in charge of the construction at Mathura of the Agra-Delhi Chord
Railway.'

T 7—10.

Four large-sized bricks (15" by 8J-" by 2"
9"by 2" and 16J" by 9" by 2-]-").
16|" by;15]" by 9" by 3"'

T 11. Six balls of baked clay, perhaps used in slings.
T 12, Stone stool (ht. 6" or 0 m. 152).
T 13 22. Ten fragments of stone stools.
T 23—24. Two fragments of terra-cotta drains.

—

T 25.

Fragment (length7" or 0 m. 183 thickness;of a carved brick decorated with scrollwork.
of Maholi near Mathura.

If" or 0 m. 046)
Obtained from the village

19a

(

T 20.

Figurine(ht. G")or 0 m. 157) of a female wearing an elaborate

headdress aud standing with a pitcher in her right and an indistinct object

Obtained from the Tillage of Eaya.

in her left hand.

T 27.

Fragment

hand.

9" or 0 m. 23) consisting of male(ht.

which the head andlogs are broken, standing with a

He wears a necklace, bracelets and awith a belt.

Head andwith elaborate

fastened to the loins

On loan from the Government of India.

bust

(ht.

2J"

0 m. 07) of a female figurine 1

orhead-dress in which btus-flowers

Left breast broken.

have been introduced.

the ancient site of Gosna, three miles from theFrom

On loan from the Government of India.

City on the road to Raya.

T 29.

of
left

Obtained from the village or Sitoha, three miles from Mathuraon the road to Govardhau.

T 28.

dhoti

figure,sword in his

Fragment (ht. 2^" or 0 m. 053) of a maleFrom

diadem aud apparently winged.

Gosna,

figurine wealing a

On loan fromthe Gov-

ernment of India.

T 30.

Head and bust (ht. 3 j 7 or 0 m. 095) of a:heavy earring

female figure

On loan from the Government of India.
T 31. Head and bust (ht. 2£" or 0 m. 07) of a female figurine
heavyearrings in both ears

surmounted bywithFrom Gosna.

in right ear and lotos-dowers on her head.

with

From Gosna.

lotus-flowers.

On loan from the Government of India.
T 32. Male figurine (ht. 3i'' or 0 m. 09) holding a bird in his rightLegs missing. From a math in the
On loan from the Government of India.

and a fruit in his left hand.
pur Mahalla of the City.

T 33.

Head andGdpal-

bust (ht. 3" or 0 m. 075) of a female figurine

Fromheavy earring in left car.

Aira-khera.

On

with

loan from the Govern-

ment of India.

T 34. Head (ht. 2\" or 0 m, 055) of female figurine. From MOrasite.
On loan from the Government of India.
T 35. Head (ht. 2A" or 0 m. 063) of female figurine. From
Ganesia.

T 36.
Gariesra.
1

On loan from the Government of India.
Fragment(ht.

2"

or 0 m.

05) ofbeardedfigure.

From

On loan from the Government of India.

A terra-cotta very similar to the Gosna

by Cunningham on the site

of

TaxiU

C'f.

figurines eos, JJS

J.S.B., Vol,

XIV,

i>.

and 30-31 was fovmd
lit.

plate IX, no. 1.

(

m

)

SCVLI'TURES LXCAVAXU) KUOM THE Sl'IollA AXJ){].

lANlMlA T\XKS.

(In Juno 190S, Pandit Pi ad ha

Krishna cleared

tli<

tanks

ancient•ofSiinhfi and (.!in.)t"i.ra three miles west uJ the City in the direction of Govardha nand Dig and obtained 99
and water-worntoNos. 1-37 were found inpieces of sculpture.

They arc ton much defaced

the Sitoha and nos, 38-0!) in the Gane-ra tank.

The great bulk areallow of a detailed description.

representing Erahmanical deities.

sandstone,

statuettes in buff-coloured

We recognize Yishi.ni (nos. s, 10. 37, 57 — 50, 70, 70 and 80);
41;, Jagann "ctha (no. 17).

(no.

23,53,81 andGanesi(no-.

2,

18. 4347), Durga slaying Mahisha

Saktis (no.

The

94).

Lakshml (no. 32), Si\a and Parvati
and

01).

is

no.

(nos. 3'Ganesa with(nos. 13, 21, 51,

only piece which is certainly BudhistSurya

72 (lit. 4" or 0 m. 10').

upper half of a Buddha figutiue seated with the right hand raised

It is theat the level of the shoulder and the 1-tt hand placed on the knee.

a halo with scolloped border.
thee

is

No 30 (ht. 91" or 0 m. 248;

caned in the round, standing \% itlia male figure,to the shoulder and the 1 -it placed

raisedon the hip.

that of the BxlhisaUva figures of the Kushana period.

or 0 m. 157) is the upper

No. 50cushionisiscarved in the round,

is

Hi"

(lit.

0"

goat-

No. 55a headless female

on a bench with ornamental back against which a roundplaced.

A child emu dies between her feet.

apparently the same as that of the in-eiibed fragment no.
(ht.

attitudehalf of a slab carved with a figure of the8" or 0 m. 21), which

figure seated

right

his

The

headed Nemesa, carrying a child nu eaeh shoulder ^Cf. above E 1).
(ht.

has

Judging from the style, it must belong toperiod are nu.s. 80, 45, 50, 55, OS. 81 and 03.
represents

It

Other sculptures which may be a%signed to the same

Knshana period.

hand

four

and 01).

04. 89or 0 m. 302

the upper

portion of a

Xaga

The subject

G 10.

is

No. 84

with aseven-headed serpent hood, standing in exactly the same attitude as the
Naga images of the Kushana period (G 11-13). No. 08 (lit. 8-]" or 0 m. 21(j)
is a

)

i,

fragment carved on both faces w ith a chaity

bust.

It

(

statuettearch containing a humau

deserws notice that in general the older sculptures are made ofspotted red sandstone.

The sculptures of this section have not been exhibited, on account of
be shewn on application to the Curator,

their slight interest, but wi

1

!

n

201

(

)

V. Axcient Brasswork '.

VI,(j imbu)

Water-vessel

decoratedwuh

floraland geometrical

Purchased at Brindaban.

designs,

V 2,

Round dish (rak-Vjl) decorated with foliateddesign.

Purchased

at Mathura.

V 3.

Stand, d.corated with a kneeling winged Garuda figure, and used

Purchased at Brindaban.

in worship.

V 4.

PurchasedatPump (pichkara) decorated with an elephant's head and usedto

Square idol-stand (*ingh<~txa'n)

u-ed in wordiip.

Brindaban.

V 5.

sprinkle colour water on the oeea-ion of rho Huli festival.

Pur' hi^ed at

Mathura,V 6.

Pair of mirror-stands

idol-stands (# i n gh~i.*a

V 7.

Sacrificial

taining threeand other)(bdas) used

and idol-car-* (mtu).

todecorate the corners ofPurchased at Brindaban.

box (ehavpra) d.-oorated with four peacocks and con-divisions, for rice (al^hat), incense (dhiip), red-lead (sindur)

ai tides unjloyed inworship.

It is said to bemainly used in

the Dekhan and was purchased at Brindaban.

V 8.

Idol pedestal (choufa) on four legs.

Purchased at Mathura.
workedAttar-holder [attardun)
it jour and decorated with floral

V 9.
ornament.

A piece of cotton-wool drenched with attar is plueul in thePurchased at Mathura.

cavity.

V 10.

Sacrificial

bowl (pancftfciVrii) meant to contain the water inwhich the idol is washed.

It is decorated v, ith geomi tricalPur-d,^i»n«.

chased at Mathura.

V 11.
in theSacrificial spoon (nchm'.im) used to sprinkl. tlv water contained
1panchp'itnt on the light palm of the devotee who sip,handle is wrought in the shape of a cobra.

V 12.

V 13.

It

must

idol.

originally have been surmounted by a bird the feet of which are;

The

Purchased at Mathura,

Tortoise used as a toy which is placed before thePurchased at Brindaban

it.

still

extant.

but probably Japanese work.

Collyrium-holder (surraed" iu, in the thap.' of a fi-h.

Purchased

at Brindaban.

V 14. Stag (bCwasinga) used as a toy. Puivhased at Biiudaban.
V 15-10. Two elephants {hO.lh') used as toys. Purchased at Mathura.
V 17. Idol of Vishnu, four-arni.d, standing on a detachable stand.
Purchased at Brindaban.

V 18.
1

Idol of Vishnu, four-armed, standing.

Purchasidat Mathura.

The objects under this lieadi",' were all given "r. loin l.v the Government

cf

India.

202

('

)

V 10. IL1 of Lakshm"-Xu\iya?a defaced.
Viih-ju

It shows thewith his spDas. Lilislr.nl on his lift1

s -at 3dfour-armed

Purchase! atknej.

Mathura.

V 20.

Idol of

Balarama or Baladeva (usually called Dauji), the elder

brother of Krishna.
of which heis

He is standing in front of the serpent

han l and an indistinct object, perhaps a plough, in theat Mathura.

V 21.

Sesha-nfiga

supposed to be an incarnation and holds a cup in his(Cf. above svA. no.

right.

left

Purchased

D 3G).

Figurine cbfaced, probably Garuda, the bird of Vishnu, kntelingwith hands

Underfolded.

his left knee two cobras

Pur-

are traceable.

chased at Mathura.

V 22.

Figuring of a four-armed goddess, perbars Lakshmi, seated ona tortoise.

In the head-dressis

Seven figurinesofa cavity for the reception of a precious

stone.

V 23-29.
infantBal

Mukund also called Makkhan-chdr

Loxhh Gdpal " Sweetmeat GOpfd."'•Butter thief" orItrepresents the

Krishna crawling and holding in his right hand a lump of butter(or sweetmeats)

which he has taken away from his footer-mother Yasodhfi.

Th?y were purchased partly at Mathura and partly at Brindaban.
Y 30. Copper idol-throne (singk'tstn) with high back, detached.

From Govardhan.

Y 31.

Bras^

scissors(saraut'i)

used

to

cut

areca

nuts.

From

Govardhan.

Y 32.

Brass elephant 'hnt'i') on square pxlestal.

some object in its trunk.

From Brindiiban.

Y 33. Two brass
From Brindiiban.

deer Quran), lying.

Y31.

Sw'i'ilO,

It musthave held

Horns apparently broken.

d^omtxl with a foliate 1 design.

Very ornamental.

Obtained from Mathura City.

Y 35 and 3(3.

Hukka a with floral design.

From Mathura.

Y 37. Hukka .smaller than the above. From Mathura.
Y 38.
Y £9.
Y 40.
Y 41.
Y 42.
A'

43

Yessi.l with spout.

— 44.

Y 45.
Mathura.

Hukka of th:- same pattern as above. From Brindaban.
Hukka plain. From Brindiban.
Hukki \wth floral de-ign. From Mathura.
Fair of palankins. From Mathura.

Lo'/lFrom Mathura.
From Mathura.

Vessel with spout.

of brasssurround-d with images of the Sun.

From

203

('

)

Y 40. L'lta, smaller than th above. From Mathura.
Y 47. Jambhu of the Deccan styb. From Mathura.
Y 48. Jambhu smaller than the above. From Mathura.
Y 49. Jambhu same as above in size, but different in
1

pattern.

From Mathura.

Y 50.
Y 51.
Y 52.
above.

Flower-pot.

From Brindaban.

Snull water vessel with spout, ornamental.

From Mathura.

Small water vessel with spout, ornamental, smaller than the

From Mathura.

Y 53.
Y 54.
Y oo.
Y 56.

From Brindaban.

Old lamp stand.

From Mathura.
From Delhi.
slightly
ornamental.
From

Old lamp stand, smaller than the above,

Spouted vessel of good workmanship.

Wide-mouthedbell(ghantl)

Mathura.

Y 57.

Wid ?-mouthedbell (rjhairf) smaller

than

From

the above.

Brindaban.

Y 58.
Y 59.
Mathura.

Yessel to hold

Cf.

Y CO.

Ganges water (gangdjall).

From Mathura.
side.
From

Pump (pichkara) decorated with flower on one
sub no. Y, 5.

Artl with serpent-headed handle.

From Brindaban.

Y 01 — 63. Aril,, handle with female figure. From Brindaban.
Y 04. Artl without decoration. From Mathura.
Y 05 and 66. Yidiuu badge. From Brindaban.

Y 07.

Hantiman badge.

Y6i.

Sacrificial bowl (p inAipatrn) large.

From Brindaban.

From Mathura.

Y 09. Sacrificial bowl (panohpatrd) small. From Mathura.
Y 70 — "1. Female head. From Agra.
Y 72. Chilam. From Mathura.
Y 73. Chilam. From Brindaban.
Y 74 — 75. Tripod. From Mathura.
Y 70. Small idol-throne (mnghO.-an).

Y 77.
Y 78.
Y 79.
Y sO.
Y si.

Y 82.
Yishnu.

From Brindaban.
Cup with four wheels and a bull's head. From Brindaban.
Conch stand. From Brindaban.
Fragment of an Indian lamp.

Sand-holder u-ed for blotting.

Small diJi, floral ornament.
Idol-car(rath)

From Mathura.

drawn by dephants containing an

idol

of

204

(

Y S3,
Y 84.

Siva's bull Nandi,

Y 85.

Siva's bull Nandi.

)

From Mathurii,

Car (rath) drawn by horse-;.

Y 86—87.
Y 88 — S9.
Y 90 — 91.
Y 92 — 94.
Y 9.j— 96.

From Mathuni.
From Brindiiban.

From Brindaban.
From Brindaban.
From Brindaban.
wheels.
Horse without
Elephant (lu'itlu) on wheels with rider. From ITathurii.
Elephant (Jtdllu) mounted, but without wheels. From
Cow.

Horse on four wheel*.

Brindaban.

Y 97.
Y 98.

Elephant on wheels, not mounted.

Y 99.

Fantastical

From Brindaban,

Elephant without wheels, unmounted.
beast (timurgh) on wheels holding a flower-likeobject in one of its paws.

Y 100.

FPjuch'ml', mounted with a peacock,Y 101.
Y 102.

used

to

place

various

head.

From

From Mathura.

objects used in worship.

From Hathura.

Copper conch-shell (tiunl'h).
spoon

Sacrificial(uclnno.nl,)

withsserpeut

Brindaban.

Y 103. Sacrificial spoon (nehman'i) plain. From Brindaban.
Y 104. Argha. From Brindiiban.
Y 105 — 100. Peacock. From Govardhau.
Y 107.

Peacock.

Y 108.
Y 109.

Image of Devi standing, From Math nra.
Imago of Krishna dancing. From Brindiiban.
Image of Krishna singing. Fn>rn Brindiiban.

Y 110.
Y 111— 114.

Y 115.

From ilathura.

Duck.

From Agin.

CiJlyrium -holder (sunned" n~) of good workmanship.

From

Brindiiban.

Y 116.

Small

pocketJad-ka(hukLlyi)

of

good

workmanship.

From Agra.

Y 117.

Image of Sakhl GopM, i.e.,

in a temple near Jagannath, Orissa.

''

Gr.pfilthe witness,"

Y 118—119. Image ofFrom Brindiiban.

theY 120.

From Brindaban.

infantKrishna crawling,rn ukund.

Yishrui image.

Y 121. Yi-hnu image. From Brindaban.
Y 122 — 123. Brass images. From Brindiiban.
VI 24.

.Small coppt r imago.

worshipped

From Mathura.

From Brindiiban.

called

Bai-

(

205

)

^'.—Miscellaneous Objects.

W

Chin se chess-board, with backgammon board inside, of sandal-

1.

wood inlaid with ivory, and twenty-nine chessmen of ivory.
Presented by the Court of Wards' Estate of Raja Seth Lachman Das
through Mr. D. Calnan, I.C.S., Collector, Mathura, on the 14th September

1908

W

Conch-shell (Skr. kihhha) obtained from a sudhu.

2.

X.— Coins

X 1.

Buddhist cast copper coin.

Obverse:Lion facing sacrificial post.

Reverse: Chaityn and two symbols.

X 2.
X 3.
X i.

Common type.
Common type.

Copper coin of Sotcr Megas.

Copper coin of Wemo Kadphises.

Copper coinof

Huvishka.

Elephant ridjr type.

Deity un-certain.

X 5.
X C.

Four copper coins of the Lit, Iudo-Seythian or Kushana type.
1

Gold coin of the Scytho-Sassauian or Kushino-Sassanian type.

ObverseKing, standing towith trident

left

hand,

wearing richly ornamented coat and conical cap small trident overaltar

Below king's left arm a monogram.

Cor-

:

left

at altarin;svast ikz between king's legs.

rupt Greek legend intended for Shaonana Shao Bxzodeo Koshq.no.

ReverseSiva and bull, in degraded style.

:

Legend Oesho,(V. A, Smith, Indian Museum Catalogue, p. 91, plate XIV, 12,)

X 7.
X 8.

Copper coin, late Indo-Sassanian.

Gold coin of the later Kushana type.

ObverseKushana king standing:at altar.

under arm sena (V. A. Smith reads sita)
ReverseThroned:Catalogue, p. 89

X 9.

Common type.

j.
;

Ardokhsho.

late XIV,;(V.

Legend

tj

left

bha

{'.);

to right shak.i.

A.

Smith,

Indian Museum(j.)

Gold coin of the later Great Kushana type.

Obversearm sya (1):;Kushana king standing at altar. Legend to left bha

;

under

to right shaha.

Reverse: Throned Ardokhsho. (Cunningham, Coins of the later Indo-

Scythians, p. 32, nos. 6 and 7.)

X 10.

Gold coin of the later Indo-Kushana or(Cunningham, op. cit. p. 72

X 11.

LittleKushana typeplate VI, II.);

Gold coin of Xara-bfiladitya, probably Narasimha-gupta of theImperial Gupta Dynasty.
»

For the i>articulir« given iu Ihis section I aui indebted to Mr. It. Bum, I.C'.S,;(

Obverse:King standing

to

206
lett,

haud extended across Garuda standard.
Reverse:

Goddess seated on

lotus.

)

grasping how with left hand

;

right

Legend Nnra uud r left arm.
L.'gendindistinct(V.

A. Smith,

op. clt. p. 119).

X 12.

Gold coin of Go\inda-ehaudra-deva of Kauauj.

(Cunningham,

Coins of Mediaeval India, plate IX, 1C).

X 13.

Gold coin ofop. cit. plate IX, 3.)

Kuuifu'a-pala-de\aofDelhi.

(Cunningham,

207

(

)

APPENDIXI.

LIST OF INSCRIPTIONS
Mauhya Period (3rd and 2nd centuries B. C.J

C 1. Parkham statue (LL 150).
Satrap Period. (1st century B.C.)

Q

Mora stone slab fragmentary1.

inscription of the reign

;

("<)

of the(LL 14).

Great-Satrap Bajuvula.

Q 2.
Q 3.

Holi Gate tablet of homage. (LL 102.)J 7.

Railing pillar inscription.

Tablet of homage; fragmentary inscription.

(LL 97).

(LL 98).

Kushana Period (1st and 2nd centuries A.D.).
Dated.

B 71.

Jina fourfold image

Q 13.
A 49.

Sacrificial pillar inscription of the year 24 in the roign of Viisishka.

;

inscription, dated in the year 5. (LL 20 ).

Buddha image inscription of the year 28 in the reign of Yiisi ('')shka. (LL 33).
Pedestal of Buddha statuette inscription of the year 31 (?) in the

A 71.

;

reign of Huvishka.

A 63.

Lukhanu Bodhisattva image;

inscription of the year

35 in thereign of Huvishka.

B 70.
C 13.
E 25.

Jina four-fold image: inscription of the year 35 (LL 19).

Chhargaon Naga image of the year 40 in the reign of Huvishka.
Male figure in Indo-Scythian dress inscription, dated in th.j year;

42(?).

P 20.

Pillar base

P 35.

Pillar base

P 38.

Pillar base ; inscription of the year 47.

B 29.

Jina (?) image;

inscription of the year 47.

;

inscription of the year 47.

fragmentary inscription of the year 50 in the r?ign;

of Huvishka.

E 20.

(LL 65).

(LL 51).

Fragments of female figure from Mora;inscription, dated

in

the

reign of Huvishka.

A 66.

Anyor Buddha statuette

C 21.
B 2.

Naga statuette
Jina image

;

;

;

inscription of the year 51.

inscription of the year 52.

inscription of theyear 83 in thereign of Vasudeva(LL 68).

B 3.
B 4.

Jina image

Jina image
1

The

letters;fragmentary inscription of the year 83.

(LL 69).

inscription of the year 84 in the reign of Vasudeva.
;

LL referto the List ofBrahmiinscriptions published by Professor

H. Liiders in the Epigrophia Indica, Vol. X, Appendix.

208

(

Bo.

Jina image

G 38.

Pedestal;;)

inscription of the year 90 (!),

(LL73).

fragmentary inscription of the reign of Vasudeva (?).

Undated.

A 1.
A 2.
A 50.
A 56.
A 64.

KatraBodhisattva inscription.

Anyor Buddha inscription (LL 13).
Buddha (?) image fragmentary inscription.
;

Bodhisattva (?) pedestal

inscription defaced.

;

Dhunsarpfua Buddha image;

fragmentary inscription.

B 14. Jina (?) statuette inscription (LL 123).
B 18. Jina image fragmentary inscription.
C 16. Naga image inscription.
C 28. Yaksha and YakshI figure.
;

G 10.
G 39.
G 42.
G 43.
G 47.

Jamfilpur fragment inscription.

Fragment inscription.
Pedestal fragment inscription.

Kota pedestal fragment inscription (LL 15).
Base of female figure.
Railing pillar inscription ( ).

J 1.
J 13.

Railing pillar inscription.

J 15.

Railing pillar inscription.

J 21.
J 36.

Railing pillar inscription.

J 41.

Railing pillar inscription.

J 48.

Railing pillar inscription.

J 52.

Railing pillar inscription.

J 58.

Railing pillar inscription.

J 68.

Railing pillar inscription.

N 1.

Votive Stapa inscription (LL 136).

J

1

J

Railing pillar inscription.

21,34, 36, 37 and 39.

Pillarbase

inscriptions (P 22,

LL 126;

P

29

LL129).
Slab; fragmentary inscription.

Q 4.

Gupta Period.

B 15.

Jina (?) statuette376-7).

B 31

inscription

ol

the

Gupta

(?)

year 57« (A.D

inscription of the Gupta (?) year 97(0 (A.D. 416-7).

;(LL45).

Jina pedestal.

(4th and 5th centuries A.D.)

;

A 48.

Buddha image

Q

Slab fragment of Chandragupta Vikramaditya (circa A.D. 400).
Buddha image inscription of about the 5th century A.D.

5.

A 5.

;

inscription of the Gupta year 135(A.D.

454-5).

;

i

According to Professor Luders, the date is to be referred to the era o£ Kauiskha.

~

—

(

209

)

Mediaeval and Later Inscriptions.

B 22.
B 24.
B 21.
B 23.
Q 7.
R 21.

Jina statuette;

Jina statuette;

Jina statuette;inscription of the Vikrama year 1104 (A.D.

1047 ;.

inscription of the Vikrama year 1234 (?) (A.D. 1177).

fragmentary inscription.

Jina statuette fragmentary inscription.
;

Stele ; fragmentary inscription of the Vikrama year 1420 (A.D. 1363).

Chapel fragmentary inscription of the Vikrama year 1428 (A.D.
;

1371—2.)Q 6.

Stone tablet

inscription of the Vikrama year 1612;

1555 or(A.D.

1556) and of the reign of Sikandar Sun.

D 52.

Sculpture with three-headed hgure ; inscription of the Vikrama

D 32.

Midhauli stele inscription.

Q 8.
Q 9.
Q 10.
B 25.

Tablet inscription dated Saka 1702 (A.D. 1780).

year 167[3], Saka 153[8] (A.D. 1616).

Pillar inscription.

Sati slab inscription.

Jina statuette;inscription of the Vikrama year 1826 (A.D. 1770).

APPENDIX II.
Dr. J. F. Fleet has favoured me with the following note on the dateof the slab inscription Q 6.

It will be seen that,to A.D. 1556, the epigraph would be posterior

if

the yearto the defeat

correspondsofSikandar

Surl at Sirhind.
"

Samvat 1612 Chaitra vadi 10 Ravidine.":" This dat3 may fall in

A.D. 1554, 1555, or 1556.

In thesethree

years, the given tithi can be connected with a Sunday only as follows:" A.— In Vikruma samvat 1612 current, whether Chaitradi, Ashadhadi,or Karttikadi, the Furnimunta Chaitra vadi 10 began at(afternoon) on Sunday, 17th March, A.D. 1555.

about 3-0 p.m.

But, evenif

we

acceptthe current year, what reason was there for using the t ithi with the weekday

on which it began, instead of with the weekday (Monday) on whichcurrent at sunrise ?
or rite:

The tithi is not a special one devoted to someso there is no reason of that

Does thekind.

inscription

it

was

festival

recorda death ? If so, the reason may be found there."" B.

— In Ashadhadi or Karttikadi Vikrama samvat 1612 expired, theAmimt't Chaitra vadi 10 ended at about 1-0 p.m. (midday) on Sunday,
5th April, A.D. J 556. The tithi therefore answers quite regularly to thisdate.

I should prefer this result, as far as I

without knowing the purport of the record

Jain record."

:

am in

a

position todecideespecially if the inscription is a

\

V

/

f

Central Archaeological Library,

NEW DELHI,
Call No.

°l\3'06f

tyc^/S/O^

Author- Vocp£ ; ^p//.

4^..'

r

GOVT. OF INDIA^>

Department of Archaeology

NEW DELHI.

ij
.,

Vd

i'

Please

«Imu»

help

as to

sad moving.

keep the bool