Culture on Water and Disasters-Foundation of Integrated DRR Governance-What do we need for Integrated DRR Governance?

 We need integrated information synthesis system to collect,identify, analyze, and freely share critical information for sciencebased decisions
 We need a platform to create resilient and sustainable DRR
coordination process We need a facilitator to help our science-based decisions andconcerted actions by all stakeholders in communities andcountries
 Let me add one more…

What do we need for Integrated DRR Governance?

 We need integrated information synthesis system to collect,identify, analyze, and freely share critical information for sciencebased decisions
 We need a platform to create resilient and sustainable DRR
coordination process We need a facilitator to help our science-based decisions andconcerted actions by all stakeholders in communities andcountries

A must for the above actions
The common understanding on how we behave, how
we help each other, how our society reacts, andhow our value is protectedWhat do we need for Integrated DRR Governance?

 We need integrated information synthesis system to collect,identify, analyze, and freely share critical information for sciencebased decisions
 We need a platform to create resilient and sustainable DRR
coordination process We need a facilitator to help our science-based decisions andconcerted actions by all stakeholders in communities andcountries

A must for the above actions
The common understanding on how we behave, howwe help each other, how our society reacts, andhow our value is protected
Understanding Our Own Culture is a MUST

Actions under Integrated Governancefor DRR
 Science-based Decisions/Actions
 Educational Actions
 Awareness-raising Actions
 Investment Actions
 Planning Actions… andActions under Integrated Governancefor DRR Science-based Decisions/Actions
 Educational Actions
 Awareness-raising Actions
 Investment Actions
 Planning Actions… andCulture and Society-based actions

Culture on Water and Disasters
The foundation of our thinking and behavior

The Nile, Egypt

8Source: Google Map

Pyramid nestled by the Nile (1867-1899)

出典：ピラミッド・タウンを発掘する／河江肖剰（ゆきのり）／新潮社／2015

9

「The Nilometer：The oldest flood observation system

https://oestigaard.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/oestigaard_oup_ch3.
pdf

The Nilometer was invented for recording the annual inundations in Egypt and to control the floodwater. Asthe name suggests, the device originates from the area of the Nile in Egypt. The Nilometer’s function was basedon the physics principle called “communication vessels.” At three different levels in the Nilometer shaft, threechannels were connected to the Nile River (Fig. 1). During the flood, the water would enter through thechannels and fill in the shaft’s bottom. If the water rose up to 16 cubits marked on the pit, that would indicate agood prosperity for the year. If the level was less that 16 cubits (e.g., 12 or 14 cubits), that meant famine,
whereas a higher level of 19 cubits would indicate a catastrophe, and the soil with the sown seeds would bewashed away. The inundation levels control became the responsibility of the priests. Thus, Nilometers weremainly enclosed in temples where only the priests and the ruling pharaoh could have access to these devices.
Source: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-94-007-39345_9644-2.pdf

10Hapi：The God of Nile

ハピ（Hapy, あるいはHapi）は、エジプト神話に登場するナイル川の神。古代エジプトにおいて信仰された。
エジプトにおいて毎年発生するナイル川の氾濫は、大地に水と肥沃な土壌をもたらすものであった。エジプト人は、氾濫の期間にハピに食物や装飾品、宝石を供物として捧げた[3]。ハピは、ナイルの氾濫による恵みをもたらす神として大地・豊穣・創造を司る神々を養うものであり、また神々へ捧げられる供物をもたらすものでもあった。さらに「神々の父」と呼ばれ、原初の水の神であるヌンあるいは、豊穣の神としてオシリスと同一視され、オシリスの化身と見做されることもあった。他にもクヌム、セベクなどと同一視された。
その姿は、顎に髭を生やし、垂れた乳房を持つ緑か青色の太った男の姿で表される。女性の胸は、豊饒性を表すと考えられている[1]。またナイル川の北と南を表す2人の神と考えられ、2人で上下エジプトの統一のシンボルに植物を結びつけるサムタウイの儀式を行う姿で表されることもあった[1]。頭上には、パピルスあるいは、睡蓮の葉が描かれる。手には、供物が高く積み上げられた盆もしくは、水が流れ出る壷を持っている。上下ナイルを表す2本の植物または2個の壷を持つ姿で表されることもある。
Source: https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ハピ11

Water as a Heritage- Spate Irrigation in Arid
Regions – The case of Pakistan

The oldest spate irrigation structure made 1750 BC inYemen – Also called Queen Sheeba Structure

SpN and ILEIA
Documentation

A Wadi Rima SpateOften
anotherspate arrives
before thefirst hasrecededHydrological statistics based
on upstream gauging
stations (peak flow, baseflow, flow volumes) may not
be completely applicable tothe diversion sites

From Presentation by H.E. Ms. Phoeurng Sackona, Minister of Cultureand Fine Arts, Cambodia at International Symposium on Water andCulture, GRIPS in February, 2020

Monuments, Water &Forest in Angkor Park

17

Selection and Order of slides by Kenzo Hiroki

The Architectural Concept ofAngkor Park

From Presentation by Minister H.E. Ms. Phoeurng Sackona,
Minister of Culture and Fine Arts, Cambodia at International
Symposium on Water and Culture, GRIPS in February, 2020

18

TheTemple moats andBarayAngkor in Water

theAngkor Wat moats••Angkor Thom moats

Preah Khan moats

West Baray (11th century)
North Baray ( 12th century)

West BarayNorth Baray

The North Baray project has four main objectives: Research on the Ancient Hydraulic System that was built in the 12th century and dry up in 16th century.
 Restore historical cultural landscape and improve access for visiting.
 Bring more water for the Angkor park community and shows them a model of cohabitation with nature and temples.

19

Flood in 2010

Flood in 2011

From Presentation by Minister H.E. Ms. Phoeurng Sackona,
Minister of Culture and Fine Arts, Cambodia at International
Symposium on Water and Culture, GRIPS in February, 2020

20

Flood Control and Management with understandingof ancient water system
Banteay Srei

APSARA

From Presentation by Minister H.E. Ms. Phoeurng Sackona,
Minister of Culture and Fine Arts, Cambodia at International
Symposium on Water and Culture, GRIPS in February, 202021

From Presentation by Minister H.E. Ms. Phoeurng Sackona,
Minister of Culture and Fine Arts, Cambodia at International
Symposium on Water and Culture, GRIPS in February, 202022

From Presentation by Minister H.E. Ms. Phoeurng Sackona,
Minister of Culture and Fine Arts, Cambodia at International
Symposium on Water and Culture, GRIPS in February, 2020

• Water level sensor• Weather station

APSARA23

Rehabilitation of Angkor Water NetworkTheTemple moats andBaray

theAngkor Wat moats••

Angkor Thom moats

Preah Khan moats

West Baray (11th century)
North Baray ( 12th century)

West Baray

North Baray

The North Baray project has four main objectives: Research on the Ancient Hydraulic System that was built in the 12th century and dry up in 16th century.
 Restore historical cultural landscape and improve access for visiting.
 Bring more water for the Angkor park community and shows them a model of cohabitation with nature and temples.

24Creating World Heritage“Water and Disaster” Database

Water, Disaster and World Heritage
 There are at least 485 water-related World Heritage sites out of 1121 sites in total
 Out of 485 sites, 303 are cultural, 156 natural, 22 trans-boundary, 24 in-danger, and 26 mixed There are 61 directly-disaster-related World Heritage sites. There will be much more if
searched more deeply There should be much more water and disaster related World Heritage Sites if you look closer

World Heritage “Water and Disaster” Database
Background Rise and fall of civilization is deeply related to disasters, particularly waterrelated disasters. DRR has been always foundation of stable governance ofcountries and regions.
 By learning from disaster-related history and experiences on heritage,countries and people can be better prepared for disasters in the future.
 Disaster Risk which is (hazard, exposure, and vulnerability）cannot beeven fathomed without knowing human relations with disasters. Despite
this, disaster culture has not been systematically examined in scientificmanners.
 Systematic comparison of human relations with water and disasters will
help identify innovative models for better human interaction with disasters.
 Creation of fact-finding database on world heritage with focus on “waterand disasters” will give us a powerful tool to analyze, compare and learn onwater and cultureCherry blossom tree line along the tsunami
footprint• Activities to plant cherry blossom trees along theborder line which the 3.11 tsunami reached• Not to forget how far tsunami came inland forgenerations to comePeople’s efforts to turn historical lessons into better
preparedness continue not to repeat the tragedy

Dear facilitators,
Let us learn from history and heritage
to save the people and society from threatof disasters in future
Our culture is the foundation of our actions

Jatiluwih Rice Terraces

Picture: Imacim

Subak : the UNESCO World Heritage Cultural Landscapes (2012)