２０１８年度

Kobe University Gender Equality Office

神戸大学ユネスコチェア キックオフシンポジウム ジェンダーや脆弱性に配慮した減災対策

神戸大学男女共同参画推進室

Research Center for
Urban Safety and Security

神戸大学 男女共同参画推進室

神戸大学ユネスコチェア キックオフシンポジウム

Kobe University UNESCO Chair
Kickoff Symposium‘Gender and Vulnerability in Disaster Risk Reduction Support’
In 1995, Kobe University experienced the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. One lesson of that experience wasrecognition that problems related to gender and to vulnerability under normal circumstances become more
serious during disasters. Accordingly, since that time we have continued to include these perspectives in our
scholarly and practical work on disaster.
This Kobe UNESCO Chair project will take our work on disaster, gender and vulnerability to a new level as wework with our partner institutions (see below) to create a safer world for everyone.
Date: 6 April 2018
Venue: Conference Room, Takigawa Memorial Hall, Kobe University
12:30
13:00
13:30
13:40
13:55
14:10
14:25
14:40
15:00
16:30
16:45
17:00

Registration
Performance: Introducing ʻdisaster support cultureʼ from Kobe
Video presentations on DRR support from the partner institutions
Opening Remarks: TAKEDA Hiroshi, President, Kobe University
Congratulatory Remarks: KAWABATA Kazuaki, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology, Japan
Congratulatory Remarks: S. G. Corat, Director, Division for Gender Equality, UNESCO
Congratulatory Remarks: FUKUI Takeo, Project Coordinator, Section on Earth Sciences and GeoHazards Risk Reduction, Division of Ecological and Earth Sciences, Natural Sciences Sector, UNESCO
Introduction of the UNESCO Chair Project: UCHIDA Kazunori, Executive Vice President for Public
Relations and Community Cooperation, Kobe University
Break
Panel Discussion: “The Importance of International Collaboration in Addressing
Disaster: Visions and realities of gender and vulnerability in disaster” (Coordinator: Ronni Alexander)
Panelists: Representatives of the Kobe University UNESCO Chair partner institutions (see below)
Presentation of awards
Closing remarks: UCHIDA Kazunori, Executive Vice President for Public Relations and Community
Cooperation, Kobe University
Reception, Cafeteria, Takigawa Memorial Hall

Kobe University UNESCO Chair Partner Institutions
1. Gadjah Mada University (Indonesia)
2. MERCY Malaysia (Malaysia)
3. National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology (Taiwan)
4. Na�onal Womenʼs Education Center (Japan)
5. Network for International Development Cooperation, Thammasat University (Thailand)
6. Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) (Malaysia)

Kobe University UNESCO Chair
Kickoff Symposium'Gender and Vulnerability in Disaster Risk Reduction Support'

神戸大学 ユネスコチェアキックオフシンポジウム
ジェンダーや脆弱性に配慮した減災対策

発 効
編 集

Ｔ Ｅ Ｌ
㼁 㻾 Ｌ
㻱㻙㼙㼍㼕㼘

㻞㻜㻝㻥年㻟月日
国立大学法人 神戸大学 男女共同参画推進室㻳㼑㼚㼐㼑㼞㻌㻱㼝㼡㼍㼘㼕㼠㼥㻌㻻㼒㼒㼕㼏㼑㻘㻌㻷㼛㼎㼑㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻜㻣㻤㻙㻤㻜㻟㻙㻡㻝㻜㻣㻘㻌㻡㻠㻣㻝㼔㼠㼠㼜㻦㻛㻛㼣㼣㼣㻚㼛㼒㼒㼕㼏㼑㻚㼗㼛㼎㼑㻙㼡㻚㼍㼏㻚㼖㼜㻛㼛㼜㼓㼑㻙㼗㼥㼛㼐㼛㻙㼟㼍㼚㼍㼗㼍㼗㼡㻛㼓㼚㼞㼘㻙㼗㼥㼛㼐㼛㻙㼟㼍㼚㼍㼗㼍㼗㼡㻬㼛㼒㼒㼕㼏㼑㻚㼗㼛㼎㼑㻙㼡㻚㼍㼏㻚㼖㼜

CONTENTS

開会挨拶/ Opening Remarks ·········································

3

来賓挨拶/Congratulatory Remarks ·······························

9

事業説明/Introduction of the UNESCO Chair Project ··· 31
パネルディスカッション/Panel Discussion ··························· 37
男女共同参画貢献賞及びユネスコチェア連携賞の授与/Presentation of awards ······ 82

閉会挨拶/Closing Remarks ·········································· 83

開会挨拶
武田 廣 神戸大学長

本日はご多用中のところ、神戸大学ユネスコチェア「ジェンダーや脆弱性に配慮した減災対策」
キックオフシンポジウムにご参加いただき、誠にありがとうございます。
シンポジウムの開催にあたり、一言、ご挨拶申し上げます。
神戸大学男女共同参画推進室は、ユネスコのご協力を得て、2011 年に Women in Science and
Education というテーマのもとに、第一回国際シンポジウムを開催しました。それ以降、ユネスコ男
女共同参画局からのご支援を受け、ジェンダー平等に関する国際的な視野を拡げることができました。
本日、ユネスコ ユニツイン ユネスコチェアプログラム（UNESCO UNITWIN-UNESCO Chair
Programme）の意義について紹介くださいます、サニエ・ギルセル・コラット（Saniye Gülser Corat）
ユネスコ男女共同参画局長には、第二回、第四回国際シンポジウムで講演いただき、また、第三回国際シンポジウムにおいて、ボコバ 前ユネスコ事務局長に講演いただいた際にも、ボコバ事務局長とともに来学頂きました。
コラット局長は、神戸大学の男女共同参画の推進を後押ししてくださっただけでなく、男女共同参画推進室にユネスコチェアを紹介くださり、その取得にあたってさまざまなアドバイスをしてくださいました。
おかげさまで、神戸大学は、男女共同参画について研究・教育の国際的なネットワークを国内外の機関の協力を得て構築することができ、本日ユネスコチェアキックオフシンポジウムを開催す
る運びとなりました。ありがとうございました。
ユネスコからは、もうお一方、地球科学防災課 プロジェクトコーディネーター 福井武夫様にも、ユニツイン ユネスコチェアプログラム（UNITWIN-UNESCO Chair Programme）の課題として災害がいかに重要かを話していただきます。
ユネスコチェア取得にあたっては、文部科学省 国際統括官付の皆さまにも、多大なご尽力をいただきました。
本日、川端和明 国際統括官に来賓挨拶を賜ります。
さて、1995 年に阪神・淡路大震災を経験した神戸大学は、災害時にジェンダーの問題・弱者の問題が、日常よりも一層大きな問題となり、被災者・支援者に影響することを学び、その観点から

3

の学術的発信をしてきました。
こうした学術的発信や被災者支援などの経験をもとに、神戸大学のユネスコチェア事業は、本
日お越しの連携機関の皆さまと、経験や研究の成果を共有しつつ、すべての人にとって安全安心
な世界をつくるための研究・教育を行います。
連携機関からお越しの、
インドネシア ・ ガジャマダ（Gadjah Mada）大学 ペルダナ（Perdana）先生、
日本国立女性教育会館 内海館長、
タイ・タマサート（Thammasat）大学 ワジワルク（Wajjwalku）先生、
台湾・高雄科技大学 呂先生、
マレーシア・トゥンク・アブドール・ラーマン（Tunku Abdul Rahman）大学 ファン（Huang）先生、マレーシア・NPO マーシー・マレーシア（MERCY Malaysia） アミロール（Amirrol）様、
パネルディスカッションでの議論、よろしくお願いします。
神戸大学は、「学理と実際の調和」を理念とし、社会科学分野・理系分野双方に強みを有する伝統と特色をもっています。その特色をいかし、連携機関とともにジェンダーや脆弱性の観点から減災を考え、持続可能な社会の形成に寄与する文理融合型の研究・教育をこの神戸大学ユネスコ
チェアで推進していきたいと考えています。
本シンポジウムが、その実現の第一歩となることを祈念して、私の挨拶といたします。
本日はどうぞよろしくお願いします。

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Opening Remarks
Professor Hiroshi Takeda
President, Kobe University
I would like to thank you for attending Kobe University UNESCO Chair Kickoff
Symposium “Gender and Vulnerability in Disaster Risk Reduction Support”
despite your very busy schedules.
Please allow me to say a few words as we open the symposium.
Kobe University Gender Equality Office held the first international symposium“Women in Science and Education” in 2011 with the support from UNESCO.
Since then, we have been supported by Division for Gender Equality, UNESCO
and we were able to expand the international perspective of gender equality.
Today, UNESCO UNITWIN-UNESCO Chair Programme will be explained by Ms.
Saniye Gülser Corat, Director, Division for Gender Equality, UNESCO.

She hasbeen with us for the second and the fourth International Symposia as the speaker.
She also had been with us in the third International Symposium, where we had
a pleasure honor of inviting Ms. Irina Bokova, a former Director-General, UNESCO.
Ms. Corat has been supporting the gender equality initiative of the Kobe
University and also she introduced us UNESCO UNITWIN-UNESCO Chair
Programme.

In the process of getting UNESCO Chair, we have received a lot of

precious support from her.
Kobe University has established the international network on research andeducation supported by organizations inside and outside of Japan and today wehave the first UNESCO Chair Kickoff Symposium.
We also have another representative of UNESCO, Mr. Takeo Fukui, Project
Coordinator, Section on Earth Sciences and Geo-Hazards Risk Reduction, Divisionof Ecological and Earth Sciences, Natural Sciences Sector.

He is going to talkabout the importance of the disaster reduction in UNITWIN-UNESCO Chair
Programme.
On attaining UNESCO Chair we have received great support from the Office of
the Director-General for International Affairs, the Ministry of Education, Culture,5

Sports, Science and Technology.

Today we are honored to have Mr. Kazuaki

Kawabata, Director-General for International Affairs himself and he is going togive us the congratulatory remarks later.
In 1995, Kobe University experienced the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. We
realized that during the disaster gender and vulnerability became a more serious
problem and it affected victims and supporters in our community.

We have been

disseminating those in academic research outcomes.
Based on those experiences, Kobe University UNESCO Chair program is going toshare experiences and research outcomes.

With partner institutions, we do

education and research further to make the safe and secure world for all.
In the panel discussion later, we have panel speakers from our partner
institutions:Ms. Melyza Perdana
Gadjah Mada University (Indonesia);
Ms. Fusako Utsumi
National Women’s Education Center (Japan);
Associate Professor Dr. Siriporn Wajjwalku
Network for International Development Cooperation, Thammasat University(Thailand);Professor Jin-Long Lu
National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology (Taiwan);
Associate Professor Ir. Dr. Yuk Feng Huang
Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) (Malaysia);
Mr. Mohd Hafiz Amirrol
MERCY Malaysia (Malaysia)
The philosophy of Kobe University is “harmony between theory and reality” andwe have traditional strength in both social and natural sciences.

In takingadvantage of this character of the University, we will research the disaster
reduction in terms of gender and vulnerability together with partner institutions.
We hope to promote education and research based on the integration of social
and natural sciences in order to establish a sustainable society in the UNESCO
Chair program.

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We hope that we can make a great contribution in the future.
conclude my opening remarks.

I would like toThank you very much and I appreciate yourcooperation in the program.

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来賓挨拶
川端 和明 氏
文部科学省国際統括官
日本ユネスコ国内委員会事務総長

この度は、神戸大学ユネスコチェア「ジェンダーや脆弱性に配慮した減災対策」の設置を心からお慶び申し上げます。武田学長や内田男女共同参画担当理事、またプロジェクトリーダーである
ロニー・アレキサンダー先生をはじめ、ご関係の皆様の、ユネスコチェア設置に至るまでのご尽力に敬意を表します。また、本日は、ユネスコからサニエ・ギルセル・コラット ユネスコ男女共同参画局長をはじめとした、ご担当の方々をお迎えし、盛大なキックオフシンポジウムが開催されます
ことをお祝い申し上げます。
ユネスコチェア及び大学間の国際ネットワークであるユニツイン事業とは、高等教育機関の連携・協働を促進することを目的として、1992年に創設された事業です。高等教育機関の国際的なネットワークの中で、国境を越えた知識の交流や共有を推進することを通じて、高等教育機関の能力向上を促すことを目的としています。現在、世界 117 か国において、700 を超える機関が本事業に参加しております。
昨年は、本事業がスタートしてから25周年の節目の年となりました。我が国では、昨年度当初は、2大学がユニツインに、4大学がユネスコチェアに登録されておりましたが、25周年となる昨年は、神戸大学をはじめ、一度に4大学が新たにユネスコチェアに申請し、登録が決定しました。取組のテーマも、ジェンダー、防災、教育開発、遺産保護、ESD／持続可能な開発のための教育など多様であり、各大学がそれぞれの強みを生かして、国際的な連携・協働の促進や人材育成などに取り組んでおられます。
その中でも、神戸大学の取組は、阪神・淡路大震災を経験した大学として、減災支援、特に災害時におけるジェンダーの問題や特別なニーズを持つ人々への支援をキーワードに、すべての人にとって安心安全な社会を模索しようとする特徴的かつ、SDGｓへの貢献という観点からも非常に重要なテーマであると考えます。また、自然災害の多い日本だからこそ、世界をリードしていくことのできる大事な分野でもあります。

今後はユネスコチェアとして、減災に関して貴学がこれまでに培ってきた知見やノウハウを、災害の多い国々に発信・共有していただき、神戸大学ユネスコチェアの取組が国際的に展開されていくことを期待し、楽しみにしております。

9最後になりますが、ユネスコチェアの設置にご尽力された、本日お集りの皆様に、改めまして
心からお祝い申し上げます。神戸大学のユネスコチェアのこれからの発展と成功を祈念いたしま
して、簡単ながらお祝いのご挨拶とさせていただきます。

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Congratulatory Remarks
Mr. Kazuaki Kawabata
Director-General for International Affairs
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, JapanFirst of all, I would like to extend my heartfelt congratulations on theestablishment of Kobe University UNESCO Chair “Gender and Vulnerability inDisaster Risk Reduction Support”.

I would like to express my deep respect to

the President Hiroshi Takeda, the Executive Vice President Kazunori Uchida incharge of Gender Equality, and Professor Ronni Alexander, Director, Kobe
University

GenderEquality

Office.

I

also

would

like

to

extendmycongratulations on this splendid organization of the Kickoff Symposium inviting
Ms. Saniye Gülser Corat, Director, Division for Gender Equality of UNESCO.
This UNESCO Chairs and UNITWIN international networking program inuniversities was established in 1992 to enhance collaboration among higher
educational institutions.

An international networking helps institutions ofhigher education to share cross-border knowledge and to increase their
institutional capacities.

Now, the program involves more than 700 institutionsin 117 countries.
It was the 25th anniversary of the establishment of this UNESCO Chairs and
UNITWIN Programme last year.

At the beginning of 2017, two Japanese

universities were classified as the UNITWIN and four universities as the UNESCO
Chairs, however, four universities including Kobe University applied for and wereawarded the UNESCO Chairs at the end of 2017.
gender,disasterreduction,

Sustainable Development).

heritage

Their themes are quite diverse;

preservation,

ESD(Educationfor

Each university takes advantage of its strength inpromoting international collaboration and developing human resources.
Since Kobe University experienced the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, thekeyword of the program identified by the University is disaster reduction
focusing on gender issues and the people in need of the special assistance during
disasters.

This is a distinctive approach to achieve safety and security for all.

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This is a very important theme in terms of contributions to SDGs.

Japan is well

suited in leading this field of activity as a nation prone to natural disasters.
I hope that Kobe University shares the body of knowledge and cultivated knowhow with countries affected by disasters.

I look forward to seeing theinternational expansion of the Kobe University UNESCO Chair program.
Please let me express my respect again to all of you who have made a great
effort for this UNESCO Chair.

I conclude with my wishes for the program's

success.
(Translated by Kobe University)

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来賓挨拶
Saniye Gülser Corat 氏
ユネスコ男女共同参画局長

武田神戸大学長、川端文部科学省国際統括官、神戸大学そしてパートナー機関の方々、ご来場の皆様、こんにちは。
本日は、神戸大学ユネスコチェア「ジェンダーや脆弱性に配慮した減災対策」記念シンポジウムにてお話させていただけますこととても光栄に思っております。神戸大学が減災における国際的な研究においてすばらしい成果をあげられ、第一線でご活躍されていますことお慶び申し上げます。
また本日は、ユネスコチェアを推進する上で、他機関との協働の始まりの日でもあります。
国際コミュニティーとともに、減災対策においてジェンダー平等の必要性を共通認識とし推進していこうと宣言する日でもあります。
世界中で起こっている危機は、私たちに最も脆弱な人々を明らかにし守るような戦略が必要であることを再確認させます。女性は世界の貧困層の７０パーセントを占め、災害時には、既に存在する社会的、経済的、政治的、文化的な不平等によって、より脆弱な立場におかれます。しかし同時に、女性はコミュニティーを守り安全をもたらす重要な役割も担っています。
それぞれのコミュニティーの女性男性どちらものニューズ、強み、脆弱性を認識しなければ減災対策の成功は難しいでしょう。まだ広く認識されていないこの独特なジェンダー平
等や女性のエンパワメントと減災の関係が解明させなければ、強固で永続的な対策は世界中で進まないでしょう。
災害対策への１ドルの投資は７ドルの震災による経済損失を防ぐ価値があるといわれています。しかし、女性や女子が支えている災害時の人的、経済的、社会的コストや災害がジェンダー平等やエンパワメントついて与える影響についてはほとんど理解されていません。
国際的な減災対策のコミュニティーは地域での女性の役割を見落とすべきではありません。女性は国々をよりレジリエントな対応力を持つよう備え、指導できるような奉仕活動能
力を持ち合わせているのです。

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この減災分野での女性のキーパーソンを特定し、彼らの活躍を見える化することを推進しなければと思います。特に世界の何百万人もの人々の生活に多大な影響を与え、繊細さが必要とされる本分野において女性がリーダーシップを発揮できるポジションにつくことが重要です。今後、神戸大学は、減災プロジェクトでも政策においてもジェンダーを視野に入れた基本的な課題についての刷新的な解決策を探求されることと思います。
ユネスコでは、減災対策を含めた科学関連の分野において、女性の参画推進に努めています。
すべてのユネスコプログラムは災害対策における女性のニーズとその役割を重要視しています。災害時レジリエンス、特に脆弱性の軽減政策や戦略の構築が重要です。これらは、国際的地域的な専門家のネットワーク内でジェンダーバランスの取れた代表性を確保するための高レベルのアドボカシー、能力構築、教育と意識向上を通じで実施されることでしょう。
例えば、2008 年、ミャンマーでのサイクロン「ナルギス」の後、自然災害時に女性と女子が果たしている役割や具体的なニーズを強調し、ユネスコは 400,000 人以上の子供や地域社会を対象とした、ジェンダーに焦点を当てたミャンマー教育復興プログラム（the Myanmar Education Recovery Programme）を開発しました。
ユネスコの科学部門の男女共同参画局と災害リスク戦略局は、男女共同参画と DRR を連携させ戦略を推進してきました。我々は、DRR におけるジェンダーの重要性の理解を向上させるために、2013 年に連続セミナーを開催しました。セミナーでは、神戸大学が今後足がかりとしていただけるような体系的知識を構築しました。
また、ユネスコは主要な取組みのひとつである、TeachHer のような女子対象の理数系教育を推進しています。TeachHer は、科学教師を対象に女子のニーズや向上心について教育する官民共同のプログラムです。
私たちは、女子の科学教育促進のためのもっとも良い取組みを普及しています。
「クラッキングコード（“Cracking the code”）」というウェブページをご覧いただきたく思います。そこには、科学と男女共同参画における革新的な取組みが紹介されています。
また、ロレアル - ユネスコ女性科学者賞（L'Oréal-Unesco for Women）を受賞された多くのロールモデルを通じ科学への女性の参画も推し進めています。
そして、ユネスコは政府間海洋学委員会（Oceanographic Commission）を主催し、津波の緊急時対応に関連する問題について、政策と技術的サポートを提供していることもお伝えいたします。

14

世界中の国々は、日本を減災活動の取組みの参考にしようとしています。私たちが今日始動しようとしているのは単なる研究提携ではありません。神戸大学は、ユネスコチェア「ジェンダーや脆弱性に配慮した減災対策」の推進を担い、この分野において参考となる事業を実践される重要な機関となられることでしょう。
私はユネスコ男女共同参画局長として、ユネスコチェアにおけるジェンダー平等のネッ
トワークを拡大させていきます。２０１７年にはパリで会議を開き、本事業の重要な課題を特定し、機関間の今までの実績の取りまとめを行いました。これから神戸大学は、ジェンダ
ー平等のための専門家と同盟国からなる主要グループの一員となります。
共に減災とジェンダー平等の連携を強化し、新しいプログラムと実践を開始しましょう。
神戸大学の科学的知見と知識を結集し、ジェンダー平等と女性のエンパワメントのリーダーとして日本が認知されるようご活躍を期待しています。
ここでもう一度、今までの取組みの成果や今後更にユネスコチェアを通じ実践しようとなさっていることを称えたいと思います。
武田学長、この重要な取組みにおけるリーダーシップに感謝申し上げます。また、神戸大学の皆様がジェンダー平等と女性のエンパワメントの推進に尽力されていることに感謝申し上げます。

15

Congratulatory Remarks
Ms. Saniye Gülser Corat
Director, Division for Gender Equality,
Office of the Director-General, UNESCO

Professor Takeda, President of Kobe University,
Mr. Kawabata, Secretary-General of the Japanese National Commission for
UNESCO,
Professors and members of Kobe University and its partner institutions,
Distinguished participants,
Ladies and gentlemen,
Konnichi wa

I am honoured to be here today in representation of UNESCO to inaugurate thisfirst-of-its-kind UNESCO Chair on Gender and Vulnerability in Disaster Risk
Reduction Support at Kobe University.
Today, we celebrate the accomplishments of research and academic excellence
that brought Kobe University to the forefront of international scientific thinking
on Disaster Risk Reduction.
And today, we are also strengthening our institutional partnership and beginninga new chapter of our cooperation. Together, we pledge to advocate with theinternational community for countries and institutions to finally recognize thatgender equality must lie at the heart of every effort we make on Disaster Risk
Reduction.
Crises around the globe are constantly reminding us of the importance of having17

a strategy to identify and protect the most vulnerable.

Women comprise 70%of the world's poor, and women are more vulnerable to the impact of disaster due
to existing socio-economic, political and cultural disadvantages.

At the sametime, women play a critical role in the protection and safety of their communities.
This is why no Disaster Risk Reduction activity can be successful unless it is built
around the needs, strengths and vulnerabilities of women and men in any given
community.

We just cannot do business as usual, and this unique – and stillwidely unexplored – nexus between Gender Equality, women’s empowerment andDisaster Risk Reduction is crucial if we want to design concrete and durable
solutions for communities worldwide.
We hear that one dollar invested in disaster preparedness can prevent sevendollars’ worth of disaster-related economic losses.1

What we seldom hear are

the human, economic and social costs that fall on women and girls in emergencies,
and the impact that disasters have on gender equality and women’s
empowerment.
The international Disaster Risk Reduction community should not overlook the rolethat women play in their local communities; it should leverage their outreachcapacity to educate and equip populations with coping mechanisms that canmake countries more resilient.
We must encourage our stakeholders to identify key women experts in this field
and make their work visible and prominent among the Disaster Risk Reduction
community.

We need women to take up leadership positions in this extremely

sensitive field that has a dramatic impact on the lives of millions of people
worldwide.
We are confident that Kobe University will identify innovative solutions to theseand other fundamental questions that will break new ground for the inclusion ofgender considerations in both programme and policy work for Disaster Risk
Reduction.
At UNESCO, we do not spare any effort for the promotion of women’s participation1

https://public.wmo.int/en/our‐mandate/focus‐areas/natural‐hazards‐and‐disaster‐risk‐reduction18

in and contribution to science-related fields in general, including in Disaster Risk
Reduction.
All of UNESCO’s programmes on disaster preparedness and prevention
emphasize the needs and roles of women in building a culture of disaster
resilience, in particular through the design of national policies and strategies toreduce vulnerability, through capacity building, education and public awareness,
as well as through high-level advocacy for gender-balanced representation withininternational and regional networks of experts.
Following Cyclone Nargis in 2008, for instance, UNESCO developed the Myanmar
Education Recovery Programme with a very strong gender focus, targeting over
400.000 children and local communities, and highlighting the specific needs androles played by women and girls in times of natural catastrophes.
The Division for Gender Equality and our Disaster Risk Reduction colleagues in
the Science sector have fostered UNESCO’s strategic thinking on the linkages
between Gender Equality and DRR.

We organised a series of seminars in 2013

to improve understanding of the importance of gender issues in DRR.

This work

has developed solid institutional knowledge that Kobe University will certainly beable to build upon.

UNESCO also promotes STEM education among girls through some of our flagshipinitiatives such as TeachHer – a public-private partnership to train scienceteachers on the particular needs and aspirations of girls.
We identify and disseminate best practices for the promotion of science education
among girls.

I invite you to consult online our publication “Cracking the code”,

which has broken new ground in the field of science and Gender Equality.
We also promote women’s participation in science through role models, inparticular through our L’Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science partnership andthe many women laureates that have received our prize.
Let

me

also

remindyou

that

UNESCO

19

hosts

the

Intergovernmental

Oceanographic Commission, which provides policy and technical support on
issues related to emergency preparedness for tsunamis worldwide.

Countries worldwide look to Japan as an absolute reference for its Disaster Risk
Reduction work, and what we are launching today is certainly more than just a
research partnership.

By hosting this UNESCO Chair on Gender and Vulnerability

in Disaster Risk Reduction Support, Kobe University has taken up an important
challenge that will position this prestigious institution as a reference in this field.
In my capacity as Director of the Gender Equality Division at UNESCO, I lead thework carried out by our extensive network of UNESCO Chairs on Gender Equality.
In 2017, we convened a meeting in Paris to identify key issues for our work andcoordinate our efforts.

From now on, Kobe University will be part of this coregroup of experts and allies for gender equality.
Together, we can work to impel new programmes and initiatives to strengthen
the linkage between Disaster Risk Reduction and Gender Equality with thescientific knowledge and expertise of Kobe University, and contribute to Japan
being recognized as a champion for Gender Equality and women’s empowerment.
Let me congratulate you once more for the impressive work that you have
implemented so far and encourage you to drive even further your excellence
through this UNESCO Chair.
Thank you, Professor Takeda, for your leadership on this important endeavour,and thanks also to your team for being so committed to supporting our work topromote Gender Equality and women’s empowerment.

20

来賓挨拶
福井 武夫 氏ユネスコ 自然科学局
環境・地球科学部 地球科学防災課 プロジェクトコーディネーター

ご紹介いただき、ありがとうございます。きょうは、この記念すべき、ユネスコチェアキックオフシ
ンポジウムにお招きいただき、ありがとうございます。私のほうからも、神戸大学の皆さまへユネス
コチェアに登録されたことをお祝い申し上げたいと思います。私はユネスコの自然科学局で、地球科学・防災を担当しております。せっかくの機会なので、私たちがジェンダーと脆弱性を防災の観点からどう考えているかについて、お話しさせていただきます。
まずは、これまでの災害における、いくつかの事例を紹介したいと思います。1991 年にバングラデシュを大きなサイクロンが襲いました。20 歳から 44 歳の方々の間で、女性の死亡率が 100 人
当たり 71 名である一方、男性の死亡率は、1000 人当たり 15 名で、女性の死亡率のほうが男性の約 5 倍でした。また、阪神淡路大震災の際に亡くなられた方は、女性が、男性の約 1.4 倍でした。2004 年のインド洋大津波で亡くなった方の 70 パーセント以上が、女性でした。
こういった事実を踏まえて、国連のイニシアチブとして、2005 年に兵庫行動枠組が採択されました。この中で、ジェンダーについて次のように述べられています。あらゆる災害リスク、管理施策、
計画意思決定過程にジェンダーに基づいた考え方を取り入れるべきである、と。この枠組は 2005年から 2014 年までの 10 年間にわたる防災プログラムでした。2011 年にこの枠組の中間レビューが行われた際に、ジェンダーの視点と、効果的なコミュニティーの参加が、一番進捗が少ない分野であると述べられていました。
このため、2015 年の仙台防災枠組においては、ジェンダーに関する記述がより強調されることになりました。ジェンダー、年齢、障害、文化というのを、全ての施策実務に取り入れ、女性と若者のリーダーシップを促進すべきであるとされています。特に、性別、年齢、障害などに分類されたデータをオープンな形で公開し、普及して、その上でリスク情報に基づいた意思決定をすることが重要だと述べられました。このような形で、ジェンダーの問題を、防災、減災のプログラムの中で取り組んできたわけです。ここから話題が、よりデリケートな話になりますので、日本語に切り替えたいと思います。
防災とジェンダーを考える上で、何が問題になっているのかということを考えることが大事ではないかと思います。また、その問題がなぜ生じているのかを考える必要があると思っております。
今日は、東日本大震災の死者に関するデータを照会します。ご存じのとおり、約 1 万 5000 人の方が亡くなられており、内訳としては、女性が 8000 名、男性が 7000 名となっています。女性の死者数が男性の死者数よりも約 1000 人多いですが、これは果たして、女性の方が災害に対する脆弱21

性が高いということなのでしょうか。このことを考える上で、ちょっと興味深いデータが 2012 年の男
女共同参画白書にありましたので、ご紹介します。
これを見ていただくと、枠囲みのない、青い棒で書かれているのが死者です。左側が女性、右側が男性ということになっております。見ていただいて分かるように、女性のほうが、特に高齢者の部分で、多くの女性の方が亡くなっているということが分かります。特に注目していただきたいのが、もう一つの四角囲みの部分で、80 歳以上で、女性 9.7 パーセント、男性 5.3 パーセントとなっていますが、これが、人口構成比を表しています。
80 歳以上の人口構成比を見ると、女性の方が倍ぐらい、この被災された 3 県に住んでおられました。男性と女性で死者数に 1000 人の差がありますが、その差というのは、実は、ほとんど、この80 歳以上のところで生じています。死者数の差は、この世代の人口構成によるところが大きいということが言えるのではないかな、と思っております。
もう少し分かりやすくするために、一つグラフを加えました。これが各年代の、1000 人当たりの死亡率になっております。どちらが死亡率が高いのかを分かりやすくしたのが、次のグラフになります。60 歳以上の高齢者の方だけを見ると、男性のほうの死亡率が高く、その下の世代では、40 代、50 代は女性のほうが高くなっています。また、若い世代になってくると男性になったり女性になったりということで、何か結論が導き出せるかというと、今時点で私は、答えを持っているわけではありません。こうした、どうして、死亡率に差が出てくるのかといったようなことを、より詳細に検討していくというのが、実は防災・減災を考える上で、役に立つのではないかというようなことを考えております。
現時点で、答えはありませんが、いろいろな過去の災害から、参考になるような教訓、学んだことがいくつかございますので、次のスライドから紹介します。まず、ジェンダーと関連して防災の中で、どんな問題があって、どんなことができるのだろうかということを、少し参考事例ですけれども、まとめたものになります。
例えば、土地利用の問題で言うと、水害に遭いやすい危険な地域に住んでいる方々の生活を見ると、男性の方々は昼間、外に働きに出られるので、実は、その災害の危険性の高いエリアに、女性が一日中過ごすことになってしまって、女性の脆弱性が高まっているというような事例が報告されています。 水害、津波、地震について様々な早期警報システムが、開発されています。この
早期警報に対して、女性の方がアクセスできていないといった事例も、国によってはあるということが分かっております。
それから、東日本大震災でも、よく問題になりましたが、避難所運営を含めた、いろんな応急対応の計画を作り、現場で管理をする人たちが、どうしても男性中心になってしまっていたことによる問題がありました。例えば、避難所の中で女性に必要な生活必需品が足りないというような状況が生じていたようです。この辺りはその後の災害においては、だいぶ改善されてきていると聞いていますが、こういった問題に対しては、まずは、防災施策を推進していく中でも、ジェンダーイクオ
リティを推進していく必要があると考えます。
それと同時に、災害というのはいつ来るのか分からないといった状況がございますので、現時点

22

の状況下で、いかにジェンダーの視点を、防災施策の中に導入していくかということを考える必要があると思います。これらの両面で進めるといいのではないかと思っております。
その次の課題として、ジェンダーに起因した不平等が、どのように脆弱性として現れるかということがあります。例えば、貧しい方々が、耐震性の低い住宅に住んでいたりします。それから、水害の被害を受けやすそうな地域に住んでいるなど、そういった状況が、いろんな所で散見されています。
日本では、なかなか想像できない話かもしれませんけれども、女性の権利に関連して、土地の所有権が女性にはないといったような国もあるそうです。そういった所で、災害によって、女性の方々が旦那さんを失うと、そのときに、実は一緒に土地の所有権まで失ってしまうという事例もあったということで、その脆弱性がこのジェンダーに起因した不平等によって、高まっていると言えるのではないかと思っております。こういったことに対しては、防災施策でやれることは限られていて、まずは男女平等な共同参画できる社会を実現していくというのが最も大事だと思います。
一方で、防災施策の中でも、住宅の耐震性の向上、地域防災力（自助・共助）の取り組みの推進、避難所のマネジメントの改善といったことで、防災の側でも役に立てるところがあるのではな
かろうかということを考えています。
最後に、簡単に四つにまとめました。まず一つは、ジェンダーと防災を考える上で、何が問題なのか。なぜ、それが起こっているのかということを、考えてみることが重要なんじゃないかと考えています。二つ目として、防災においても、ジェンダーの視点から、いろいろ考えられるようになるた
めにも、女性や、若者の方々に、より参画いただきたいと考えております。
三番目に、こういった観点で、この神戸大学を見ますと、過去の災害の経験もありますし、日本ですので、統計データもそろっております。また、国際的・国内的な研究ネットワークもお持ちだということで、この Gender and Vulnerability in Disaster Risk Reduction Support という、ユネスコチェ
アプログラムを推進していく上で、最も適当な機関なのではないかなと思っております。
最後に、防災の観点から最後に申し上げると、ジェンダーの専門家、防災の専門家のコラボレー
ションをもっと進めていただき、防災側にも、よりメリット、より安全な社会、安全な世界を作るのに貢献していただくと、お互い Win-Win の関係が築けるのではないかと考えており、今後の活躍を期待させていただいております。簡単ですが、私からのあいさつに代えさせていただきます。ありがとうございました。

23

Congratulatory Remarks
Mr. Takeo Fukui
Project Coordinator,
Section on Earth Sciences and Geo-Hazards Risk Reduction,
Division of Ecological and Earth Sciences,
Natural Sciences Sector, UNESCO

Thank you for your introduction.

Thank you very much for inviting me to thismemorial kickoff symposium as the UNESCO Chair.

At first, I would like tocongratulate Kobe University on adoption as UNESCO Chair.

As I was introduced,

I am working at Natural Sciences Sector of UNESCO and I am in charge ofDisaster Risk Reduction (DRR).

I think it is also very good opportunity tointroduce a view on gender and vulnerability from perspective of DRR.
like to start with some facts in past disasters.

I would

In 1991, there was a big cyclone

in Bangladesh and within the age group 20 to 44, the female death rate was 71
per 1000.

The male death rate was 15 per 1000.

about 5 times as many as the male death rate.

The female death rate was

As you may know, in the Great

Hanshin Earthquake, number of deaths of women was about 1.4 times as manyas that of men.

In 2004, there was big catastrophic tsunami together with big

earthquake in Indian Ocean and in this disaster more than 70% of those who
perished in the tsunami were women.
Taking into consideration these facts, some descriptions on gender was includedin the UN initiatives, the Hyogo Framework which was adopted in 2005. A gender
perspective should be integrated into all disaster risk management policies, plans,and decision make processes.
2014.

This is 10 year plan on DRR and from 2005 to

Then, however, it was said that the inclusion of gender perspective andeffective community participation are the areas where the least progress seems
to have been made in the Hyogo Framework for action midterm review conducted
in 2011.

Therefore, the description on gender was strengthened in Sendai

Framework.

Gender, age, disability, and cultural perspective should be

integrated in all policies and practices should be promoted.

In particular, weneed to obtain disaggregated data by sex, age and disability for risk informed
decision-making.

That is how we implemented about gender and other so far.

24

From next slide, I would like to explain in Japanese because I mentioned a little
bit sensitive issues.
What are the issues on gender and DRR?

First of all, we have to identify issues

and we have to try to understand why those issues arise.

This bar chart shows

you the causalities in the Great East Japan Earthquake. Fifteen thousand people
died. 8000 women and 7000 men died.

Number of female deaths is about 1000

more than that of male deaths. Does it mean that the women are more vulnerable
in disasters like earthquake and tsunami in comparison to men?

This is the datafrom the whitepaper on gender equality of 2012 published by the Japanese
government, the Cabinet Office.

The blue bars show you the causalities.

Onthe left, women; on the right, men and especially among the elderly more womendied in comparison to men.

Please pay attention to the black open boxes 9.7%

women above 80 and 5.3 % men above 80 meaning the population of women in
their 80s were about double of men in these three prefectures.
I earlier said that there was a difference of 1000 of deaths between men andwomen and it may be come from the age group above 80 years old.

This isbecause of the difference of the number of women and men in these communities
in terms of demographics.

The red bar shows you mortality rate per 1000 people.

To make comparison easier among 60 years old or above, mortality rate washigher among men than women.

But between 40 and 60, the mortality was

higher for women but for much younger generation the mortality was higher formen.

I have no answer to explain why there are some differences in mortality

rate according to the age.

But I believe this data requires the thorough analysis

to improve our DRR.
I said there are no answers but we learned a lot from past disasters.

I would

like to show you the summary of the lessons we have already learned.

Thisshows you gender related issues in DRR together with possible actions.

As forthe land use, dwellers in the flood prone areas, many male dwellers usually workoutside the area during daytime; therefore female dwellers always stay at home
and they are more exposed to the risk and they are more vulnerable.

Though wehave seen the development of early warning systems on flood, tsunami andearthquake, the early warnings are less accessible for women in some countries.

25

At the time of the Great East Japan Earthquake, we often heard about issues ofthe shelter management.

As the emergency management of shelters weremainly done by male members,
lives.

there was shortage of necessities of women’s

I heard there has been some improvement to some of these issues.

are the possible actions?

What

First, above them, the gender equality should bepromoted in implementing DRR actions.

At the same time we should integrate

gender perspective in DRR planning, since nobody can anticipate when the next
disaster comes and hits you.

We need to make progress in both of these twoareas.
I earlier talked about the actual situation but I want to mention how genderinequality is impacting vulnerability.

We can see many cases that poor people

tend to live in unsafe houses and they tend to live in disaster prone areas.
Concerning women’s rights, due to lack of land ownership for women in somecountries, many wives lose their land when they lose their husbands in disasters.
When the husband died, women lose the land ownership, so this is one exampleof how vulnerability increased because of gender inequality.

What we can do in

DRR may be limited, so first of all we need to take actions to realize gender-equal
society.
However, DRR actions are also helpful.

If we can improve the safety of houses

against earthquakes or if we can enhance the self-help or mutual help awarenessin the community or if we can provide adequate shelters, they are also helpful to
reduce vulnerability.
Allow me to conclude.
First of all,

There are four points.

we need to understand issues on gender and DRR and discuss thereason of issues.
To make it happen, a gender perspective should be integrated.
youth leadership should be promoted.

Women and theWe need to engage women and the youth.

Kobe University experienced the earthquake, has collected data on gender and
DRR and has an international and national network of researchers.

Therefore,

Kobe University is the most appropriate university to disseminate UNESCO Chairon gender and vulnerability in DRR support.

26

As an expert on DRR, I sincerely hope that there would be a perfect collaboration
between gender experts and DRR experts. That would strengthen DRR activities
so that we can achieve safe and secure society.

It will result in win-win for both.

I do hope that there would be a successful project. Thank you very much for thisopportunity.

27

Kobe University UNESCO Chair Kick off Symposium“Gender and Vulnerability in Disaster Risk Reduction Support”
06 April 2018

Facts in past disasters
1991

The cyclone in Bangladesh killed 140,000 people.
Within the age group 20‐44,‐The female death rate was 71 per 1000
‐The male death rate was 15 per 1000

Gender and Vulnerability from the
Perspective of DRR
1995

Great Hanshin Earthquake killed more than 6,000 people.
Number of deaths of women was about 1.4 times as many as thatof men.

2004

Indian Ocean Tsunami killed more than 200,000 people.
More than 70% of those who perished in the tsunami were
women.

Takeo Fukui
Project Coordinator, Natural Sciences Sector
United Nations Educational, Scientific Cultural Organization

1

2

What are the issues on Gender & DRR? And why?

UN Initiatives
2005 Hyogo Framework for Action

Comparison of Male and Female Casualties in the Great East Japan Earthquake and Regional
Population by Age Composition (Iwate, Miyagi, Fukushima Prefectures)“A gender perspective should be integrated into all disaster risk
management policies, plans and decision‐making processes, including
those related to risk assessment, early warning, information management,
and education and training;”

7.32

8.94

5.63

2011 HFA mid‐term review

6.68

3.69

“Inclusion of a gender perspective and effective community participation are
the areas where the least progress seems to have been made.”

3.96

2.41

2015 Sendai Framework“A gender, age, disability and cultural perspective should be integrated in
all policies and practices, and women and youth leadership should bepromoted.”“Disaster risk reduction requires a multi‐hazard approach and inclusive risk‐
informed decision‐making based on the open exchange and disseminationof disaggregated data, including by sex, age and disability, ”

2.26

1.66

1.55

1.09

1.22

0.83

0.94

0.80

0.70

1.01

0.94

Mortality rate
(per 1000)

3

4
Source: White Paper on Gender Equality 2012

Gender related issues and possible actions in DRR(Gender related issues)
Land Use

Ex) Male dwellers in flood prone area usuallywork outside the area during daytime, whilefemale dwellers always stay at home, andthus more exposed to a risk of flood.

Vulnerability due to Gender Inequality(Actions to be taken)(Vulnerability due to gender inequality)

Gender perspective should be
integrated

Poverty‐in planning community‐based DRR‐in reaching last one mile of early
warning system‐in planning/managing shelter

Ex) Poor families such as low‐income, single
women, etc. tend to live in unsafe anddisaster–prone area.

Early Warning System

Ex) Early warnings for evacuation are lessaccessible for women.

ShelterEx) Due to emergency management by only
male members, they face shortage ofnecessities for women’s life.

Women’s rights

Ex) Due to lack of landownership for women,
many wives lose their land when they lose
their husbands.

Gender equality should bepromoted in implementing DRR
actions(Actions to be taken)(Actions for realizing genderequal society are critical.)DRR actions are also of help
to reduce vulnerability-Enhancing safety of houses-Community-based DRR-Shelter‐for better understanding of gender
related situations

5

6

28

Conclusion• Importance of understanding issues ongender & DRR.
• A gender perspective should be integrated in
all policies and practices, and women and youth
leadership should be promoted.”• Kobe University is the most appropriate
university to disseminate “Gender andVulnerability in Disaster Risk Reduction Support”.
• Further collaboration between gender experts
and DRR experts is desirable.
729

事業説明神戸大学ユネスコチェア事業
Gender and Vulnerability in Disaster Risk Reduction Support
内田 一徳 神戸大学理事・副学長
広報・社会連携・同窓会・基金担当

神戸大学は、ユネスコとの間で MOU を締結し、男女共同参画推進室が中心となって、神戸大学ユネスコチェアの事業を本年 4 月 1 日から開始することになりました。
ユネスコチェアとは、知の交流と共有を通じて、高等教育・研究機関の能力向上を目的とするユネスコの認定プログラムです。認定された高等教育・研究機関は、国際的な連携・協働を促進す
ることにより、人的・物的資源のシンクタンクとして、また教育・研究機関、地域コミュニティ、政策立案者間の橋渡し的存在としての役割を担うことを目指します。2018 年 2 月 1 日現在、世界でユネスコチェア事業の実施機関は 718 機関を数えます。
本事業では、インドネシア・ガジャマダ大学、マレーシア・トゥンクアブドール・ラーマン大学、タイ・タマサート大学、台湾・高雄科技大学の海外 4 大学、さらに NPO 法人マーシー・マレーシア、
そして日本の国立女性教育会館と連携してユネスコチェア事業を実施します。神戸大学の学内では、男女共同参画推進室を中心に、国際人間科学部、海事科学研究科、保健学研究科、国際協力研究科、学生ボランティアセンター、ヒューマン・コミュニティ創成研究センターが協力連携して事業を推進します。
これまでの経過としては、「Gender and Vulnerability in Disaster Risk Reduction Support（ジェンダーや脆弱性に配慮した減災対策）」をユネスコチェア事業として 2017 年 4 月、ユネスコに申請しました。その後、ユネスコでの厳正な審査を経て本事業が採択され、ユネスコ事務局長オドレー・
アズレー氏と神戸大学長武田廣との間で MOU を締結し、2018 年 4 月 1 日から事業を開始することになりました。神戸大学では初めてのユネスコチェア事業であり、ジェンダーや災害弱者の観点から自然災害に対する防災減災や復旧時の対応を検討する点に特徴があり、文理融合型事業としてユネスコからも注目されています。また、文理融合研究をビジョンに掲げる神戸大学にとって相応しい事業となることが期待されています。
本事業では、災害の多いアジアに位置する多くの機関と連携することによって、本学をジェンダ
ーや災害弱者の視点から減災を考えるアジアの教育・研究拠点とするものです。

31まず教育面では、防災教育の意識啓発を実施します。本年 9 月にインドネシア・ガジャマダ大学
において、神戸大学、ガジャマダ大学、高雄科技大学の学生を対象とするサマースクールを開催する予定です。サマースクールでは、保健学、平和学、工学、経済学、法学などの多様な分野の講師による減災についてのレクチャーを行うだけでなく、NPO 法人所属の講師から災害救援の実践についても説明を行います。レクチャーの後、国籍、文化、宗教、専門分野も異なる学生がグループとなってワークショップを行い、ジェンダー・災害弱者の視点からの減災を考えていきます。さらに、学生だけでなく、学者や専門家、政策決定者などを対象とした研修会を開催するとともに、
災害リスク軽減に対する市民の意識向上を目的とする啓発活動も実施していきます。
研究面では、連携機関が協力して防災減災に関する共同研究を行います。特に、ジェンダーと災害弱者への配慮に基づいた影響評価指標の策定や災害リスク軽減のための学際的なモデルの構築を検討します。研究成果は、学会誌などの専門誌への投稿だけでなく、成果を広く周知するために、ユネスコチェア最終年度には、減災に関するガイドラインを作成し、アーカイブ上の災害事例を通して、「減災のためにジェンダーや災害弱者にいかに配慮すべきか」を画像や漫画などを使って「情報の見える化」を図ります。そのために連携機関の研究成果発表・研究交流を行う
国際シンポジウムも毎年開催する予定です。
さらに、地域のニーズに適合し、平等でよりレジリエンスのある社会構築を目的とした政策の提言も行い、ジェンダーと災害弱者の視点に基づく国際的な災害リスク軽減ネットワークを構築し、拡大していきたいと考えています。

32

Introduction of the UNESCO Chair Project:“Gender and Vulnerability in Disaster Risk Reduction
Support”

Professor Kazunori Uchida
Executive Vice President
In Charge of Public Relations and Community Cooperation,
Kobe University

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen.
introduction.

Thank you very much for your kind

I am the Executive Vice President in Charge of Gender Equality

Office of the Kobe University.
a kind UNESCO Chair.

My name is Kazunori Uchida.

This is the first of

We are very much grateful for this honor.

Thank youvery much, Ms. Corat and Mr. Kawabata for your support.
As was presented, between us and UNESCO, MOU was signed.

Gender Equality

Office of the Kobe University is going to embark upon this UNESCO Chair Programfrom the 1st of April.

This is the reason that we are holding this kickoff

symposium today.
As the background and the history were presented by the President, through thevarious people’s effort, this UNESCO Chair was acquired.

Now, talking about

UNESCO Chair, this might not be familiar to you but you can see the explanationof what the UNESCO Chair is all about.

It is through the exchanges of wisdom

and knowledge and sharing of them to improve the capacity and capability ofhigher educational institutions and research institutions.
certified program.

This is a UNESCO

Once it is certified, higher educational institutions andresearch institutions will take responsibilities to promote the coordination andcollaboration internationally.

And like the human resource think tank plays as

the bridge amongst the different educational and research institutions, regional
communities, and policy planners.

As was also explained, as of 1st of February

2018 on the global scale, the number of institutions which are certified by
UNESCO as the UNESCO Chair amounts to 712.
Under this program, there are Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia; Universiti
Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia; Network for International Development
Cooperation, Thammasat University, Thailand; National Kaohsiung University of33

Science and Technology, Taiwan; four universities and Mercy Malaysia, Malaysian
NPO organization; National Women’s Education Center, Japan.

Together withthose institutions, we are going to implement the UNESCO Chair.

Inside of theKobe University, we are going to act with the initiative of the Gender Equality
Office to promote this Chair together with following: the Faculty of Global Human
Sciences; the Graduate School of Maritime Sciences; the Graduate School of
Health Sciences; Graduate School of International Cooperation Studies; Student
Volunteer Support Center; and Action Research Center for Human andCommunity Development to promote this Chair.
What we have done so far was also presented by the President, “Gender andVulnerability in Disaster Risk Reduction Support” was adopted as the subject
matter of this UNESCO Chair.
content to UNESCO.

In April 2017, we filed the application with thisAfter that, through the course of the very vigorous

assessment by UNESCO, Audrey Azoulay, Director-General of UNESCO andProfessor Takeda, the President of Kobe University signed MOU and started our
project on the 1st of April this year.

Four years is set for the term from the 1st

April 2018 until the end of March, 2022.

This is for the first time trial as the

UNESCO Chair project from the perspective of the gender equality and thedisaster vulnerability.

We are going to shed light on the natural disaster and theprevention and the disaster reduction as well as the preparedness for disasters.
This is indeed the fusion of humanities and science which is one of the visions ofKobe University.

This is the most fitting for us to undertake this.

Under this project, we are going to have the liaison and coordination with themany institutions which are from the disaster-stricken and vulnerable regionswith the perspectives of the vulnerability of the disasters including the genderissues through education and research in Asia.
planning to do.

So, those are what we are

In education, we are going to enhance the awareness of thedisaster prevention education.

In September this year, in Gadjah Mada

University, Indonesia, we are going to hold the summer school with theparticipation of Kobe University, Gadjah Mada University, and National Kaohsiung
University of Science and Technology students.

In the summer school, we aregoing to have the sessions of the health education, peace studies, engineering,
economics, and jurisprudence.

We are going to invite the lecturers on thosesubject matters and we are also going to invite the lecturers from NPO to give us

34the tips and practices of the rescue activities of the disasters.

After the lectures,the students regardless of the nationality, culture, religion, and disciplines, they
can make the groups to be engaged in the workshop activities to think about indepth gender issues, the disaster vulnerability, and DRR.

Not only the students,

scholars, experts, and policy decision-makers are also invited to the seminars
and training.

Furthermore, in order to improve the awareness of the citizens forthe risk reduction of disasters, we shall continue our activities for enlightening ofthese citizens.
On the research, the institutions will collaborate to do the joint research on DRR.
Especially based on gender and vulnerability of disasters, we are going to comeup with the impact assessment indicators as well as the interdisciplinary models
for the risk reduction of the disasters.

The outcomes of the research will beannounced in the scholarly journals.

In order to disseminate the outcomes

further, in the last year of the UNESCO Chair program, we are going to prepare
the guideline of DRR.
Through the actual disaster examples on the archive, we are going to visualize
information which should be taken into consideration for the gender and thevulnerability for DRR by using the cartoons or the visual images.

In order to dothat, we are going to hold the international symposium to present the result of
the research and studies amongst the reseach institutions and universities every
year.

Furthermore, we need to fit our studies to the needs of the community sothat we can create the society which is equal and resilient.

We are going to

advocate such policies based on the gender and the vulnerability of the disaster.

35神戸大学ユネスコチェア
Gender and Vulnerability in Disaster Risk Reduction Support
ジェンダーや脆弱性に配慮した減災対策

神 戸 大 学 ユネ スコチ ェア

Gender and Vulnerability in Disaster Risk Reduction Support
ジェンダーや脆弱性に配慮した減災対策

国立女性教育会館

実施部署：神戸大学男女共同参画推進室
Chair Holder: ロニー・アレキサンダー室長

高雄科技大学［神戸大学体制］

タマサート大学
ＮＩＤＣ

ユ ネ ス コ チ ェ ア の 目 的 ： 大 学 間 ネ ッ ト ワ ー ク を形 成 し 、国境を越えた教育・研究活動を通して知識の交換を促進

保健学研究科マーシー
マレーシア

認定機関の役割：シンクタンク、教育
橋渡し)
地域連携、機関連携(橋ガジャマダ大学

トゥンクアブドゥール
ラーマン大学

国際協力研究科

海事科学研究科
男女共同参画推進室
国際人間科学部

学生ボランティアセンター

ヒューマン・コミュニティ

ユネスコチェア実施機関：712機
機関（2018年
年2月
月1日
日現在）

創成研究センター

神戸大学ユネスコチェア
Gender and Vulnerability in Disaster Risk Reduction Support
ジェンダーや脆弱性に配慮した減災対策

神 戸 大 学 ユネ スコチ ェア

Gender and Vulnerability in Disaster Risk Reduction Support
ジェンダーや脆弱性に配慮した減災対策

教育・

MOU

研究

連携機関研究者との共同研究の実施
・ジェンダーと災害弱者への配慮に基づいた災害の影響評価指標の策定
・災害リスク軽減のための学際的なモデルの構築

ガイドライン

ガイドラインの策定・普及
・セミナー、シンポジウム、HPを通して普及

政策提言

政策提言
・地域のニーズに適合し、平等でよりレジリエンスのある社会構築を目的とした政策の提言

意識啓発

減災ネット
ワークの拡大36

防災教育の意識啓発の実施
・学生、学者、専門家、政策決定者等を対象にした研修の開催
・災害リスク軽減に対する市民の意識向上を目的にした啓発活動

減災ネットワークの拡大
・ジェンダーと災害弱者の視点に基づく国際的な災害リスク軽減ネット
ワークの構築・拡充

Panel Discussion
Panelists: UNESCO Chair Partner Institutions’ Representatives
Ms. Melyza Perdana, Gadjah Mada University (Indonesia)
Mr. Mohd Hafiz Amirrol, MERCY Malaysia (Malaysia)
Professor Jin-Long Lu, National Kaohsiung University of
Science and Technology (Taiwan)
Ms. Fusako Utsumi, National Womenʼ s Education Center(Japan)Associate Professor Dr. Siriporn Wajjwalku, Network forInternational Development Cooperation, Thammasat
University (Thailand)
Associate Professor Ir. Dr. Yuk Feng Huang, Universiti
Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) (Malaysia)
Coordinator: Ronni Alexander, Director, Kobe University Gender
Equality Office, and Professor, Graduate School of International
Cooperation Studies

Ronni AlexanderThank you for the introduction.
for this panel.

I am Ronni Alexander.

I will be the coordinatorI want to begin though by extending a very warm and heartfelt

welcome to our guests, to my colleagues here, to my friends and hopefully
those who will become my friends, to all of the students especially thosewonderful members of the chorus who sang for us and spoke to us about theircommitment to disaster prevention, and to anyone who doesn’t fit into any of
those categories I just mentioned.
appreciate your attendance.

Thank you for being with us today.

We

I am the Director of the Kobe University Gender

Equality Office and also a Professor in the Graduate School of International
Cooperation Studies.

My field is peace studies.

educator and a peace activist.
okay.

I am a peace scholar, a peace

I am also a dreamer and I think dreaming isI dream of creating a world where everyone feels safe regardless of

their gender, their sexuality, their ethnicity, their physical or mental conditions
or any other affiliation or characteristics.

37

Today’s panel will begin to address what might be necessary to help make thatdream come true.

Probably, it is not necessary to ask you whether you haveever thought about gender and vulnerability and disaster seriously.
people, this is a very new idea.

For many

So let me just take a moment to remind you

and remind ourselves that gender is much more than counting woman.
Vulnerability is much more than adding new variables to our research.
Gender is about who is able to access the social, political, economic, and physicalresources of our societies and who is not.

Gender cuts across all categories ofpeople and all fields of research although sometimes we might have to be creative
to find hidden gendered relations.
Ms. Corat and Mr. Fukui have already mentioned that gender is a concept that is
not just important.

It is essential for understanding why some people survive

and others do not.

This UNESCO Chair on Gender and vulnerability in Disaster

Risk Reduction Support is an exciting opportunity to work together, learn together,and join together to make our societies and the world a safer place for everyone.
Today’s panel discussion will, I hope, give you an idea of who is involved in thisproject and we have a really interesting and exciting group of people here andalso what their different partner institutions have to offer at this stage.
please remember we have only just started.

This is just the beginning.

But

Today,

we don’t have very much time and we have a great panel and the way I would
like to do this is to ask everyone first to introduce themselves very briefly so
you know what wonderful people they are and how we have this very diverse
and talented panel.

Then, I will ask them to once again speak for a few more

minutes about their institutions and what they are thinking at this stage about
the contribution of their institutions to this project.

I ask you all to keep within

the time limit so that we will have time for questions and comments from thefloor at the end.

I want to invite each and every one of you to join us in exploring

the possibilities of this new project. Because it’s new, because it’s different, there
is a place for everyone and all of your input.
the next hour or so with you.

I look forward to showing that in

I would like to ask our first panelist.

Melyza Perdana
Thank you, Professor Alexander, for the time.

I would like to express mygratitude for Ms. Corat and also the Vice President and all of the participants andaudience of this program.

So please allow me to introduce myself.

38

My name isMelyza Perdana.

I am a nurse and a teacher in the Department of Nursing,

Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing at Gadjah Mada University,
Indonesia.

My expertise is chronic disease and long-term conditions and also

infectious disease and we also put a lot of research and my expertise is related
to disasters.

At this moment, I would like to share our experience, our nursing

institution experience regarding disaster and how we put gender and vulnerability
into the platform.
Indonesia is known as a supermarket of disaster so within these 10 years we had
a lot of disasters.

In 2004 we had a big earthquake in Aceh and also in 2006 wehave an earthquake in Bantul in our area.

And besides that, we also have a

volcanic eruption which also can be found in our city in Jogjakarta.

A volcanic

eruption is accounted as number two disaster that commonly happens inIndonesia because we are located in Pacific Rim of fire.
you this picture.

I would like to show

This is where we are located in Java Island and we are

surrounded by many volcanic mountains.
Here is a little bit about our university.

We established in 1949 which is younger

than Kobe University but we are known as the oldest and largest institution ofhigher education in Indonesia.

We are located in Jogjakarta where has a lot of

potential for natural disasters such as earthquakes.
the eruption from our Merapi volcano.
hurricanes in the rainy season.
disaster.

We also had experienced

Recently we also faced many kinds ofBut being prone to disaster is not always a

It gave a chance for us and our university to deal with many things.

Basically our school of nursing we have four programs towards managing disasterin education, research, social services and also networking.

In education, forinstance, we had the Simulated Hospital and I will show you the picture of the
Simulated Hospital later on.

In the daily life, in daily activity, the Simulated

Hospital functions as the training facility for our students.

But in the realdisaster like the earthquake in 2006 and Merapi eruption in 2010, it functioned
as the real hospital.

For research, we do a lot of research in disasters.

Forsocial services, all the students involved and for networking as well.
Also, we work a lot with Kobe University.

We had the annual seminar on thedisaster with Takada sensei and it is held in December.

39

Most of the time it isheld in December because at the moment, we celebrate the anniversary ofChildren House so this Children House was established in 2006 after we got
the earthquake in 2006.

So together with Takada sensei, we opened theChildren House by the donation of Kobe citizens.

This Children House at the

moment has a function of the rehabilitation for children which is, you know,
somehow also becoming the vulnerable groups.

At the moment, so many

children and also women are affected by the earthquake.

Many children get

amputated because of the fracture so we are taking care of them in theChildren House and up to now it still functions as the rehabilitation center.
So another thing regarding Bantul earthquake.

This Simulated Hospital is thedaily function of our study but then during the disaster situation we also didsurgery in the Simulated Hospital and the lab became the inpatient
department because there is a lot of victim at the moment so we have toextend the real hospital to the Simulated Hospital.
donations not only from local but also international.

We also manage many

Due to networking, in 2007

and 2008, we were also funded by JICA for the mobile rehabilitation program.
You may see in this picture that our staff they are doing a mobile rehabilitation
for children, for women, and for elderly who are being affected by the disaster.
We received many in the support of JICA and we get charity and distribute money
to other institutions.
Again, in 2010, we were hit by the disaster which was volcano eruption and it
affected many people as well even though it is only in the small area of the
Jogjakarta but many people are affected.

Again, our mini hospital which isnamed Ismangoen Building become the center for the management so it
becomes the volunteer center and charity and we deal with many patients withburn wound at that moment.

I would like to press this. Not only the teachers

but the students are actively involved in the way of managing the disaster
response from acute to the rehabilitation and also the preparedness one.

We

trained our student during that moment to have my healing training and we
spread them to the shelter area.

They gave many trauma healing for the shelter

patients. This is the condition at that moment.
the shelter area.

Many women also involved in

They were giving helps also not only men, also children.

Children were affected and we did many things to help them to cope with thissituation.

I think this is the last slide of mine.

40

Thank you for the attention.

Ronni AlexanderThank you, Professor Perdana.

I think we got her whole introduction rather

than just her personal introduction.
like.

I will invite the other panelist to do as you

You can be short and come again or do the whole thing at once.

is always good on a panel discussion.

Chaos

But as you see Gadjah Mada University

is very active and Jogjakarta is a place where there are many disasters ofdifferent kinds that require different kinds of expertise.

For the students here,

this is where the summer program for the UNESCO Chair will be held.

I amsure you are out there running to get an application so that you can go.

I willbe happy to see Professor Perdana again in the summer at Gadjah Mada
University.
Mohd Hafiz Amirrol
Hello.

Good evening.

My name is Hafiz Amirrol and I think I am the only one

who is not from the academic background.

I am representing Mercy Malaysia.

Mercy Malaysia is an NGO based in Malaysia and the long name is Medical Relief
Society of Malaysia, Mercy Malaysia.

We were established in 1999 and I am

proud to say that our founder, a doctor, is a female doctor, Jemilah Mahmood,
who is now based in Geneva working for ICRC.

We started as International

Humanitarian Relief Agency and now we are moving forward looking intodevelopment issues as well and our current focus is to strengthen thehumanitarian and development access.

I myself am an architect by training and

I am practicing urban designer and my work in Mercy Malaysia focuses on
disaster risk reduction, disaster risk management and also resilience building.
Thank you.
Jin-Long Lu
Good afternoon everyone.

My name is Lu Jin-Long.

I am from National

Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, quite a long name.
Taiwan.

I know Taiwan is a kind of little bit maybe famous in Japan.

very popular in Taiwan.
Taiwan.

I am fromJapan isMaybe some of you have not had a chance to visit

I hope you can find some time to visit Taiwan.

I can be your guide.

Actually, I am a part-time taxi driver, a qualified taxi driver, not an Uber driver.
I am a really qualified taxi driver.
Symposium.

Today, I am very happy to attend this Kickoff

Especially I like the kickoff, this term, as I was a rugby player. So

when I heard kickoff it means game start, so I have to work now.

41

I wish youhave a wonderful time in the rest of this event.

Arigato gozaimasu.

Fusako Utsumi
Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen.
Education Center.

I am the President of National Women’s

My name is Fusako Utsumi. I am so big.

I am very muchafraid that I am preventing you to see the slide better because I am in yourway.

Sorry about that.

National Women’s Education Center was establishedin 1977 by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technologyof Japan as an institution for women’s education.

National Women’s Education

Center is English name and because of this name’s initials are used to call our
institute as NWEC.

About the introduction of NWEC and the roles to be played,

I will come back in the second round of my time.

Thank you.

Siriporn Wajjwalku
Good afternoon everybody.

First of all, I would like to thank you Kobe

University for inviting me and also congratulations to Kobe University for thisproject.

My name is Siriporn Wajjwalku.

Thammasat University in Bangkok.

I am a full-time professor at

At the same time, I am invited to help theuniversity in the northern part of Thailand, Mae Fah Luang University in
Chiangrai to set up a new School.

The School’s name is Social Innovation, Mae

Fah Luang University, which is located in the northern part of Thailand.
I work half-time in Chiangrai and half-time in Bangkok.

So now

And 4 years ago, I set

up the network called Network for International Development Cooperation(NIDC) as my expertise is on international relations and international
development.

As for the Network, we are trying to be a bridge between

policymaker, academic, and practitioners in the field of development. Actually,
what we are doing is research because we would like to provide some newideas into the world of practitioners and also policymakers.
the forum so that we can link people together.

We also arrange

For this project, with Kobe

University, actually, our main research will be about the natural disasters in thenorthern part of Thailand which I will explain later.

Thank you for giving me

an opportunity to join this project.
Yuk Feng Huang
Good afternoon everybody.

My name is Yuk Feng Huang.

I am from Malaysia.

Currently, I am an Associate Professor at the Department of Civil Engineering,42

Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia. My expertise is in the field of water
resources engineering.

My main research interests are climate change study

and drought forecasting.

Currently, I am the Chairperson of Research Centre forDisaster Risk Reduction (CDRR) based at UTAR, which was established in 2014
by our Adjunct Professor, Dr. Yasuo Tanaka.

I am a Professional Engineer with

Practising Certificate under the Board of Engineer Malaysia (BEM) since 2013.

I

am very grateful to get the opportunity to join this program. UTAR actually is a
new university.

We are only 15 years old.

We started in 2002 but we are

actually in very good progress in terms of the research and also teaching.

Finally,

I would like to thank Kobe University to invite me, especially Professor Ronni
Alexander, to join this program.
support this UNESCO Chair.
a huge success.

We have already planned some activities to

We hope that our contribution can make the Chair

Thank you.

Ronni Alexander
As you can see, this UNESCO Chair is not a project made up of entirely genderexperts.

We have people in engineering, political science, humanitarian relief,

logistics, social science, nursing-from all different fields.

We actually spent a

lot of yesterday trying to learn how we can use these same words but
understand that we mean different things and how we can talk to each other.
So it is very exciting right from the beginning, but you can see why we have aslightly chaotic panel.

Now, I think everybody has a PowerPoint that they will

use to explain their institutions.
add?

Professor Perdana, do you have anything toI said I would be merciless about time but it’s hard to do it from here.

Mohd Hafiz Amirrol
Thank you.

The topic that I will be sharing today is on the importance ofinternational collaboration in addressing disaster with the specific focus ongender vulnerability and disaster.

Let me start with a very general

introduction to disaster and crisis, the field which Mercy Malaysia works upon.
So what is a disaster?
community.

It is a serious disruption of the functioning of theIt involves hazards and vulnerability and the disaster because of

the consequences of inappropriately managed risk.
inappropriately managed.

The key word here isIf we can appropriately manage, we should be able

to lessen the risk of the disaster.

Even though disaster itself is not within ourcapability to manage but the risk is within our capability.

43

Disaster and crisis of

the 21st century, some images just to remember, some things are not.

We

don’t want to remember them but it is good to always remember and not forget
the thing about the disaster.

So this is the Syrian crisis, many refugees left

Syria and also in North Africa.

This is also in Jordan because of the Syrian

refugee crisis.
A little bit of what the world, what the global humanitarian actors have achievedin 2017.

I won’t go to the statistics but these are the numbers and if you lookat the numbers, million is always there meaning that the numbers are big andthat is not necessarily good because for me the philosophy of working in ahumanitarian agency, the biggest goal is to close down an agency meaningthat once agency is no longer needed, then there is peace.

But of course many

people wouldn’t agree with that.
Disaster and crisis, how the international world is addressing it? There are
humanitarian response plans. There are humanitarian agreements, commitments,
frameworks and so on and so on but basically this is what the latest 2018humanitarian response plan is all about.

There are 21 main humanitarian

response plans with four regional refugee response plans are in focus and someother works that have been put into the priority list.
In 2016, there was a very important thing called Agenda for Humanity which isan output from the World Humanitarian Summit and there were key players in
the humanitarian field who agreed on these five core responsibilities; preventand end conflict; respect rules of war; leave no one behind; work differently or
innovatively to end needs; invest in humanity.

Of course, there are a lot ofdrawdowns from all these five core responsibilities.

But if you look at those

five core responsibilities of the Agenda for Humanity, there is a big portion ofcommitments made on empowering women and girls which is 66 commitments.
I think what we are doing today even though we are not formally registered inthis commitment but it helps to achieve this commitment of the Agenda for
Humanity.
How do the humanitarian players work in this field?

We have a thing called thecore humanitarian standards or CHS in short.

It is structured around 9commitments.

I won’t go to all because it is all available online but the main44

focus is on the community and people affected by the crisis with four main guiding
principles which are impartiality, neutrality, independence, humanity.

Of course,

those are a little bit of a very general background on how the global
humanitarian framework helps us to move and deliver commitments to those in
need.

Then, there are many global frameworks, many global agreements

which establish common goals towards resiliency.

Of course, the most theclosest to us on DRR is the Sendai Framework for disaster and risk reduction
2015-2030.

There are a lot of goals and aims but the key outputs of the Sendai

Framework are the four points. Number one is the understanding of disaster
risk; number two strengthening disaster risk governance; number three
investing in disaster risk; and number four “Build Back Better.

Also, there is

the new urban agenda which focuses on urban areas because urban disasterrisk is also a pressing issue which needs to be addressed.

Of course there are

the sustainable development goals and in our contacts we are focusing on goal
number 11 but not forgetting numbers 3, 9, 13 and of course 5 which is genderequality.
This cross-section just helps you to understand how the SDGs work.

A bit ongender-sensitive humanitarian actions, what we have outlined here is how toapproach gender-sensitive humanitarian actions; number one, access andparticipation; number two to address it with dignity; and number three on
empowerment.

With that to a commitment to humanitarian actions, of course,

sustainable development goals, goal number five.
How Mercy Malaysia is addressing all this in the context of our own work is that
we approach our work to the total disaster risk management.

We do things in aholistic cycle meaning that after the emergency response, there is a rehabilitation
phase, a prevention mitigation and of course there is a preparedness part.

Whatis the main aim of our work is to achieve a safe and resilient community which isconnected, which understands their level of risk and vulnerability, which has goodplanning and procedures and knows and understands their available resources.
Thank you.
Ronni AlexanderThank you and I apologize for being strict about the time.
much more to share with us.

I am sure he has

But this has given us a little bit of information

45

and background on what some of the issues of humanitarian support are about
and how it relates to this project.

Mr. Amirrol’s organization is involved on the

ground in the practice of humanitarian support.

Jin-Long Lu
That’s a kickoff.

I would like to take a few minutes to introduce my university,

National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, and our research team.
Originally I was a teacher of National Kaohsiung Marine University, but since
February 1st in this year, we have merged with the other two universities;
Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology and the Kaohsiung
University of Applied Sciences.

Now, we have five campuses from the northernpart of Kaohsiung to the southern part so if you have chance to come to Taiwan
and visit our university, I can arrange one day tour to visit all the campuses, also
for high school students,

if you want to come to our university, I can makearrangements.
Right now, we have almost 28,000 students and 9 Colleges and 36 Departments.
Our mission includes building pro-industry oriented teaching culture, valuing
students’ innovation and creativity, and developing the marine technology.
Regarding my department, I am from the Department of Shipping andTransportation Management.

We offer four programs from bachelor degrees tomaster and Ph.D. degrees.

We also offer a master executive program for on-

job students.

Our course includes three main parts; shipping, international

logistics and air transport, that’s my major.

We also value students’ language

skills, computer and information techniques, and practical training.

We have

13 members in our department; 8 Professors, 2 Associate Professors, 2 AssistantProfessors and one Lecturer. However, we also encounter gender equality issue.
We only have three members who are female, less than one third, so I thinkthat might be an issue.
We also have many exchange partners most in Asia, also in Kobe University but
just as I know, the exchange program only limit to Maritime College so I wish
we can expand more to other Colleges in some day in the future.

Other partners

are Nagasaki University, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Vietnam
Maritime, Hong Kong, and Dalian Maritime University in China.

46

Regarding our research, we have five members including me in our research team.
Dr. Tseng, our former Department Chair, he has focused on reconstructing
medical and life insurance in Taiwan using the female vulnerable groups
depending on natural resources as a case.

Dr. Sun, she has worked on thisissue for a few months to discuss how to enhance women’s resilience powerusing evidence from a village in Southern Taiwan.

Dr. Yu would like toexamine the legal system of disaster relief from the perspective of genderequality and vulnerability.

Dr. Tseng, another Dr. Tseng, tries to design an

emergency recreation system using information and communication technology.
About myself, I have to say in all honesty and I am very sorry to say that I don’t
have so much experience to touch this kind of study related to gender equality
or gender issues.

But I think maybe most of the people in Taiwan, maybe include

all the young people, I am wondering if they are aware of how the genderdifference is in disaster risk and reduction, so I want to explore or investigate
people’s awareness of gender difference in disaster risk and reduction.

If we cando survey across different countries, we also may find some conclusions about
this project.

Here are some pictures of our meeting.

Thank you very much.

Ronni AlexanderThank you, Professor Lu. You can see he has a whole group of people engaged
in research that is relevant to this UNESCO Chair project and that he himself is
engaging now and thinking about ways to be related to this. We will havestudents at the summer program from the National Kaohsiung University of
Science and Technology so students going from Kobe will be able to study withthose students from Taiwan and also students from Indonesia.

Also, the surveyof young people and I think it is interesting also to ask young people here howmuch they think about these issues so we can cooperate there, too.
Fusako Utsumi
Please allow me to make comments and presentation on NWEC.

NWEC, as I

said earlier, was established in 1977 under the auspices of Minister of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan for women’s education.
year we saw the 40th anniversary.

Last

NWEC is indeed created by the hands ofwomen throughout Japan with the cooperation and the aspiration that they47

would like to build only one national center for women’s education in Japan.
The Ministry of Education of the time responded to those women’s request andbuilt NWEC.

It is located in Hiki County, Saitama Prefecture away from theurban cities. It is very scenic town but a little bit inconvenient to commute.

I

heard that the Ministry of Education believed the best location is away from theurban areas.
Now NWEC’s objectives and missions are to promote women’s education andcontribute toward the formation of a gender-equal society.

To create such asociety, NWEC has established four main programs as follows: Training, Research,
International Cooperation, and PR and Information Dissemination.

Today, out of

those four programs, I would like to report on the program related to the disasterand gender especially.
This might be too long.
picture.

I apologize.

On the left-hand side, you can find theThis is the oldest and the representative training program.

This NWEC

forum is held for 3 days and has more than 1000 participants every year.
Lectures, symposia or more than 50 workshops were held at that time.
This is the picture of the symposium.

On the year of the Great East Japan

Earthquake, we held this symposium on “Disaster Restoration and Gender”.

The

Governor of Yamagata and an NPO representative of Kobe participated as thepanelist and had the very lively discussion about establishing a community interms of gender equality.
At the bottom, you can find a different picture.

This is the training for leaders.

Leaders’ training has been continued for a long time in NWEC in order to train
regional leaders for promoting gender equality.

We invite managerial officials

from regional women’s centers as well as the representatives of the local
authorities for the training.

Professor of Fukushima University who has acted as

the chief of the shelter after the disaster was making the comments as one ofthe panelists.
This is the counselors’ workshop on the disaster and gender.

In NWEC, thegender equality course, we are receiving a lot of consultations. In the workshop,
participants were encouraged and learned to find the differences in the level of48

the loss and damages between sexes at the time of the disasters.

They also

shared techniques and perspectives on counseling toward victims of the disasters.
Also at the bottom picture, there was the workshop which the Reconstruction
Agency and NWEC organized jointly.

A representative from NPO doing activities

in Iwate, Fukushima, and Miyagi and Director-General of the Gender Equality
Bureau Cabinet Office made the presentations about deconstruction from genderequality perspectives in the workshop.
Program in NWEC.

The next is the International Cooperation

We hold the seminar for potential leaders from Asia every

year in order to promote gender equality in their countries.
In 2011, we held the seminar under the theme of women’s role in the disasterrecovery.

They went to Kobe and visited the Disaster Reduction and Human

Renovation Institution and also have the communication with the Mayor of
Amagasaki City, who is a woman.

Other than the leadership training, we also

held an international symposium on “Disaster Restoration and Gender” andinvited renowned lecturers in 2011.

Ms. Akiko Domoto, the former Governor of

Chiba Prefecture, had delivered the keynote address and also Dr. Sepali
Kottegoda, the Chair of APWW, delivered the keynote address.
The last program is NWEC Women and Disaster Archives.

This is the archive ofdisaster relief activities and run together by both nation-wide women’s centers
and NWEC.

They have given how they look at the disasters from the women’s

perspectives and there is the registry of such archives from the women’s
associations throughout Japan.

Women’s strong ties throughout Japan make itpossible to provide this archive.

Thank you very much.

Ronni Alexander
You can see that the National Women’s Education Center is very active in
educating and promoting women in a variety of contexts.

The UNESCO Chair

will be particularly involved in the archive and all of the work that is conductedin connection with this Kobe University UNESCO Chair will be in the National
Women’s Education Center archive and available to people, anybody who isinterested in accessing it.

I think also from Utsumi sensei’s presentation, we

learned that maybe people forget the work on gender and disaster.

These havebeen around for a long time, and people in Japan after the Hanshin Awaji
Earthquake have been working on this issue, although it’s not seen as a major

49

issue in some contexts.

There is a whole wealth of information and work that’s

been done and that’s going to also help us in the promotion and in developing
this project.

Siriporn Wajjwalku
Thank you again.

I will be introducing my network.

I actually prepared thispamphlet and then I will distribute to you all if you are interested.

What I am

going to talk now is about activities that we have already conducted for sometime, and we hope that this will somehow make a contribution to the project.

I

put these three keywords: DRR, CSOs, and Coordination, because actually ourorganization, our work mainly focuses on “coordination” because we believethat coordination is the key issue for emergency and humanitarian management.
Coordination provides some matching between needs and responses, namely
demand and supply.
Then Chiangrai, why is Chiangrai? I think many of you know Thailand and
Bangkok and if you live in Bangkok, you don’t realize that we are facing the
problem.

But if you are in the northern part of the country, in Chiangrai, theprovince that actually shares borders with two countries, Myanmar and Laos, you
would understand the risk of natural disaster.
In the province, we have two tributaries of Mekong River, so it means somehowthat many things happen in our neighboring countries which we do not expect,
or we cannot control. That’s why Chiangrai is the disaster-prone area.
Look at statistics here.

These are earthquakes recently from 2013 up to 2017,

we have earthquakes every year.

Sometimes, the hypocenter was not in

Thailand but was in Myanmar, however we felt it because we are very close to it.
The magnitude was up to 6.8 sometimes. It means that things collapse. I had anexperience once; it was 5.1, and I woke up because all things in my house shookand dropped.

So this is the situation. The point is that the preparation is notready because we do not get used to this kind of situation.

This is something

very new for our people.
Then, if you look at landslides, this is something that happens more often in50

Thailand since 2005.

You see this statistic that only in Chiangrai provincealone since 2005, we have had landslides many times particularly in Augustand September because this is the rainy season, and Chiangrai is themountainous area.
and 2010.

It happens very often, in 2006 and 2007 up to 2008, 2009,

So, this means that every year we have a landslide.

Now, the situation of landslides is getting better than earthquakes because now
we know how to deal with it. Another situation is flood. As I said, we have two
tributaries of the Mekong in the province. In the past, actually we knew when
the water would come, because the water comes according to the season. But
recently because of some constructions upstream, sometimes we do not knowwhether it comes or not, and in the season when it is not expected to come, itcomes; or in the season that it should come, it doesn’t come. So the problem
is here.

When we cannot predict things, disaster happens because people

cannot evacuate; we don’t know what’s going on.
the situation has been rather critical since 2013.
times of floods.

From the statistic, you see

In 2013, we had three or four

Here now last year we also had a big flood.

Why is CSOs? Before I move to CSOs, there is one more issue about Chiangraithat I would like to mention.

Apart from being the disaster-prone area, as theprovince shares border with two neighboring countries, we have vulnerability.
First, there are many ethnic people living in the mountainous areas.
Sometimes we don’t know what happen to them because it’s really difficult toaccess to them and it’s also difficult for them to access the government’s
support when disasters happen.

In Chiangrai, there are more than 30 ethnic

groups, and every group has their own culture and livings.
Second, there are a big number of migrant workers from neighboring countries,
Myanmar in particular, moving into the province for jobs and settlement.

Now

in Chiangrai, the government declared some area as special economic zones;
there are three special economic zones in one province.

It means that we needa lot of labor, and some time they are not registered.

If nothing happens, it’sfine for them. But if something happens, it’s really difficult to manage this typeof people due to their status.

Moreover, some of them are stateless people

whom will face difficulty to access to support if something happens.
However, good thing about Chiangrai is that there are a number of NGOs in the51

province, and NGOs in Chiangrai are very strong, compared with NGOs in otherareas.

From the slide, you see the list of NGOs in the province and they are

local.

As they are local ones, it means that whatever happens, and if thegovernment cannot reach the area, these local NGOs can; they know each other,
they can reach each other, and they can help each other as well.

You see theNGOs number 8 on the list, this is a special group for women and daughters in
the area.

We also have NGOs number 4 on the list which focuses on elderly

people.
Then, I go to volunteers.

This is also another group in the area that they arevery strong and help each other.

An interesting thing is that the people from

Nakhon Si Thammarat, the Southern part of the country became to be
volunteers, and came to Chiangrai, the most up north of the country to support
people during the emergency.
willing to help.
people.

Being volunteers, they are not organized, but

They are different from NGOs, which are organized groups of

The point that I would like to make here is about the number 3 andnumber 4 in the list, actually these are business people.

They are volunteers,and donate reliefs. However, as businessmen, sometimes, it is hard for themand the public to separate their business from their donation.

And sometimes

reliefs are politicized and publicized for benefit of some people.
Then I go to the issue of coordination.

Why coordination? Actually, as all of us

know, coordination is critical particularly during an emergency.
needs and supply that is available.

It helps matching

It helps to avoid the concentration

particularly in some political areas or political constituencies resulting tounequally distribution, namely, some people get while some people do not.

In

post-disaster, coordination is still important because it helps for efficient
preparation.
The situation in Chiangrai is that according to the website, all these 13 groups,
they gather according to their expertise, but we don’t know whether and how
they coordinate with each other.

The most important point is that we don’tknow whether and how they coordinate with the government during emergency.
This is the issue that my team would like to dig it out more to see how it isgoing on with the hope that it can be some lessons learned for other people.
Thank you.

That’s all.

52

Ronni AlexanderThank you for that very enthusiastic and interesting presentation.
apologize for cutting your time off.

I againI think the stress on the coordination, ofcourse, is very relevant to this project.

Also that even though Siriporn sensei

talked about ethnic minorities or migrant workers or stateless people, we also
have to remind ourselves perhaps that all of those people have genders and thatamong those people perhaps some genders, some people, are more marginalized
than others.

That’s where this emphasis on gender and vulnerability comes in.

Yuk Feng Huang
As I had mentioned, this subject on gender and vulnerability in terms of disasterrisk reduction is actually is quite new for UTAR.
experience to share on this matter.

We do not have any past

Currently, we have the on-going research

related to the flood forecasting and drought forecasting, but it’s on thetechnicalities and we have never attempted to link it to this gender issue andvulnerability.

In view of the rage of climate change, my own research actuallyis focused on the impact of climate change on the water resources of Malaysia,
the abundance or the lack of it.

We have the more frequent or severe droughts

in the country even though in Malaysia we have a huge amount of rainfall
averaging 2500 millimeters of rainfall per year.

We still are facing the problemsof drought but we should call it dry spells in terms of drought because theseverity of our drought in Malaysia is not that serious.
In order to support the UNESCO Chair, our research center has come up withthe list of activities or programs which we will carry out in the next 4 years’time to support the Chair.

The title of our program actually is the “Initiative

for Constructing Inclusive Flood Disaster Risk Reduction Communities at PahangRiver”.

Why the Pahang river basin? The Pahang river basin is the biggest river

basin in Peninsular Malaysia.

We have two parts forming Malaysia.

We havethe west Malaysia which is also called Peninsular Malaysia which is located andborders southern Thailand.

The east Malaysia (across the south of South China

Sea) is the northern part of the island of Borneo (excepting Brunei) whichshares a very long border with Kalimantan, Indonesia.

In Peninsular Malaysia

or in general in Malaysia, we don’t have the disaster like earthquakes, typhoons
etc.

The most frequent disaster to occur in Malaysia is the flood.

For

Peninsular Malaysia, we have floods inundating almost every year especially53

during the northeast monsoons from November to January.

So the coastal

states located in the east of the Peninsula suffer from the disastrous floods.
Our study area, the Pahang river basin is located on the middle of the east coastof Peninsular Malaysia.

However, the Pahang river basin is very big and hence

our focus will be on two small towns known as Temerloh and Kuala Kerau.

Wehave chosen these two small towns because in 2014 they had suffered very
severe floods.

In our program, we are focusing not only on the gender aspects

for in Malaysia, we have another issue to consider.

On the top of the genderissue, we also have the multi-ethnic and also multi-cultural problem.

In

Malaysia, the peoples are made up of many different ethnicities, like we have
Malay, Chinese, Indian and a host of many others.

We therefore also face thechallenges of communication and community, along with the gender issue.
This is the study area.

As you can see here, the two small towns are actually

located in the middle of the river basin, where is actually quite close to thedownstream.

Usually, the flood always occurs at the downstream area because

all the run up from the upstream will go down to the lower part of the river
basin and also because the lower end is flatter so the accumulation of rainfall
and especially the rising coastal tide causes the flooding easily.
some of the pictures taken during the floods in 2014.
rises up to very high dangerous level.

These are

The water level actuallyThis water level in 2014 is even higher

than the historical high water level that happened in the 1971 which had been
the record in Malaysia.

The research center in Malaysia NAHRIM, forecasts thatin the future, we will have more severe drought and more severe flood because
we will have the extreme high flows and low flows. We have a more frequent
extreme drought and also more frequent extreme rainfall.

This issue will

become more challenging if one considers the impact of climate change.
These are the programs enlisted by our research center.
list.

It is just the initial

First, we would like to produce the collaboration plans for disaster

responses and recovery among the residents and the outside NGOs.

This isbecause what we have noticed is that when during the disaster and theaftermath, when then the NGO people come to help the villagers, they actually
feel reluctant to receive the help because they do not know who these people
are and are unfamiliar with outsiders.

They actually refused to receive the help54

from the NGOs.

So I think it’s very important initially, we try to introduce to

get a good connection and rapport between the NGOs and the villages so thatthey get acquainted with the volunteers that may come to aid them in the future.
Second is to produce training program for the DRR leaders.
villages located along the river basin.

We have many

Some of them are the Malay villages,some are Chinese or Indian villages and some are those of the native people’svillages.

For our training program, we will have every village to send a

representative who is usually the head of the village.
training to this head of the village.
they can provide the training.

So we will give some

When they return to their respective village,

The next one is to promote the mutual DRR

collaboration among different gender, ethnic, race, and cultural committees.
As I mentioned just now Malaysia, we have different cultures and races.

So

we have on the top of the gender issue, the elderly problem, children problem,
we also have the different issues.
Then, next is to produce DRR, an educational material specific for the elderly,
females, and children.

We also need to produce it in different local languages.

Therefore, we need to have a few versions of the materials.

Next is to produce

DRR training programs especially for the vulnerable people, create a disasterreconstruction plan for each community.

We also need to create the disasterfund. We need to have the fundraising for the relief efforts and the equipment
needed.

We have to produce a flood risk map too.

The flood risk map actually

can help the community to point out where is the safe location, the highest
location in their areas, so they should know the direction where they should go
during the flood.
The last is to prepare a Flood Respond Base and identify the Flood RespondGroup who will be responsible for initiating the response operations as soon as
required for the community.

So our research team members shall consist of

the lecturers from the research center and each of the topics will be handled
by at least two lecturers.

Hopefully, we can get the list of activities carried out

in next 4 years’ time.

Ronni AlexanderThank you very much.

This is a sort of model project for this UNESCO Chair.

55

You can see the themes of connection, training, education, reaching different
groups of people are all very important parts of the UNESCO Chair project.

Itreflects the multidisciplinary nature of this project as well and we look forward
to working together on promoting this project in the next 4 years.

I would likenow to ask, is everybody happy? I like panels to be happy. I would like to open
this up now to the floor for questions or comments.

You are welcome to ask

your questions and make your comments in either English or Japanese.

Also,

please identify yourself and if you are asking or commenting in relation to aparticular panelist, please identify the panelist as well.
Saniye Gülser Corat
I am Gülser Corat from UNESCO.

I want to thank the panel for really very

informative and very comprehensive presentations and I want to thank Kobe
University for putting together such diverse but complimentary group ofpartners.

I think at UNESCO, we are very much focusing on reaching out to

new partners, unusual suspects, if you will, so this is wonderful to have
universities, different departments, nursing school, group that works on the
ground directly and it’s very encouraging, very good as collaboration.
like that you have all these areas that you have identified.

I alsoMaybe what I would

humbly suggest is to look at that program and see where you make theconnections with gender very explicit because one of the things that happens
in work that involves gender equality and something else if the intention, if theconnections are not clearly stated.

They may get overlooked by those who are

not as well versed in the issue as the primary researchers and primary actors.
If you think that I want to raise as things that kept coming to my mind as I waslistening to the different presentations, as you said, Dr. Alexander, in the
beginning, all these other groups are gendered so when we talk about ethnic
groups, age groups, linguistic groups, they are all gendered and we should
never forget that gender enters every other differentiation and that’s the keyof this project.
mentioned.

I was thinking about the language issue which Dr. Huang

There is also the possibility that especially women may not beliterate so some of the communication outreach materials have to be in formats
that are not only for people who can read and write.

We see that a lot in

outreach efforts.

Also, even for those who can read and write, the messaging

is very critical.

How do you come up with messages that can reach and make56

sense for different groups including women versus men.

You mentioned thatyou are going to work with village leaders.
Usually, information passed to village leaders do not trickle down.

That’s our

experience especially when we look at the gender equality dynamics.

So youreally have to find ways to include representatives of all who live in that
community.
In my introductory congratulatory remarks, I said I will give you some examplesof my experience, if I may take another few minutes.

Dr. Alexander, I verymuch agree with what you said at the beginning of your comments that genderequality is not about numbers.

It’s about numbers only to begin theconversation because you really have to have representatives of all groups
including girls and women.

Usually, when girls and women are represented,

they are in minorities, so they don’t have a voice.

So we really have to lookat numbers but only in order that we reach a critical mass so that there areenough of them in the room in whatever contexts you have the conversation in,so that they feel they can voice their own opinions.

Having one or two womenin a setting does not guarantee that you will get any ideas about the issues thatconcern them.

So numbers are very important to start the process but

numbers are just the beginning because what really matters is voice, agency
as we call them in gender equality literature which means that those who
participate can talk and when they talk they are listened too.
This is really also very critical especially in research activities.

I was doing

research in a previous life before UNESCO and I was working with a group ofengineers on water resources management project in Bangladesh.
only non-engineer and only woman on the panel of experts.

I was theWe were goingfrom village to village to look at possibilities of flood protection through building
embankments which is one of the easiest ways to do it.

Every place we went

to I was trying very hard to make sure that we talk to people who will be affectedby the embankment.

At the location of the embankment, the engineers kept

talking to the children that would follow us around because in that country
wherever you go, there are many children who immediately know there is aforeigner there and they come and go around with you.

Every time when we

went back to the drawing table, I would ask them whether they did a57

consultation with people who are affected by the initiative and they said yes.
So I would then follow up who you did consult.

Usually, it’s one or two men

who don’t have any work and who are wandering around and the children.

We

don’t even know if those were the people who would be at all affected directly
or indirectly with the location of the embankment with the way embankment
would affect the agricultural area and their questions.

So whom you talk toand how you talk to them is also very, very important in the research.
Another example that I thought about through Professor Alexander’s comment
about numbers but also your presentation where you listed several different
forms of disasters because in the beginning I thought there was too much focus
on earthquakes but it’s not only earthquakes but floods and tsunamis.
kinds of disasters that we are talking about in DRR.

It’s all

There again let me sharewith you an example about the gender impact of floods again in Bangladesh.

I

arrived in Bangladesh I think a few days after the 1998 floods and I arrived in
Dhaka which is the capital city which is also the capital of the main industrial
activity in Bangladesh which is textiles.

Now, the overwhelming majority ofpeople who work in that industry are young women who come from villages towork while they are considered to be young and have nimble fingers.

Thereis that description of young women being more appropriate for that kind of work,
garment industry.

Usually, they come and stay in groups together and work in

shifts and they protect each other by staying together because it’s very
important for them to stay safe and secure, protect their honor so that they cango back to their village when they are passed to working age.

What happened

with those floods to places where they were living were underwater so they
couldn’t live in their usual places so they were on the street in makeshift living
conditions.

As a result, they were subject to a lot of sexual violence and rapes.

As a result, there were a lot of issues related to honor, not to talk about
unwanted pregnancies and most of those young women just because of theflood and just because they were in Dhaka working for the garment industry to
make money and sent to their families in villages, they became victims ofhuman trafficking because they didn’t have the possibility to go back to theirvillages.

They were not accepted by their families.

So it’s not only people

who get affected by floods for a temporary period of time but this was a lifechanging disaster.

We don’t have exact numbers, thousands of young womenand thousands of children who were produced as a result of this flood in an

58

unwanted, unplanned, unexpected way.

We didn’t even know this was in 1998,

so 20 years on, we don’t know what happened to many of these young women.
So these are things that are really very important and the human dimension of
all these disasters which we don’t automatically think about or know about but
when you experience them.

At UNESCO, we heard I don’t know if it’s true but

the first people who moved in after the 2004 tsunami, they were not aid workers,
it was not the government, it was not the UN, it was human traffickers.
Because they know this is the time when a lot of people are very vulnerable andlost. The human trafficking is now one of the largest global money-making
operations.

So we do community radio as UNESCO, one of our activities iscommunity radio in disaster-affected areas.

Through community radio wetransmit messages about those situations and warnings because education andaccess to information are really critical to avoid many of the problems.

Sorry

for taking so much time but I wanted to share some of the personal experience,
so thank you.
Ronni AlexanderThank you very much for this comment.

Does anybody have anything to

respond? If not, let me thank you and say that we need to be aware of thelonger term that as you say disaster isn’t something that happens and then it’sover but there are very long term effects and also we have to be daring to be
brave to talk about rape to talk about sexual violence, gender-based violence
and call it as it is and to look at it not just for women and girls but also for boys
because boys are subjected to this too in different ways and to be reallysensitive about the kinds of violence that disaster brings.

Thank you.

Do wehave other questions or comments?
Questioner
I am a second year student of the Graduate School of Human Development andEnvironment here. I actually formerly worked for the investment banking for 20
years.

I was heavily involved in diversity issues in Hong Kong and covered Asia

Pac and I used to work with colleagues from all over the world.

Related to theearlier comments, my question is that I think during the disaster in Japan whichhappened in Tohoku and also happen in Kumamoto, the number of younger
women were victimized and one of the incidents happen in Kumamoto was59actually done by a volunteer.

The male volunteer has done sexual assault to I

think like 10 years old younger, a very teenager in Kumamoto at the shelter.

I

think what we would like to learn from all of you is how do you conduct
education to the younger generation in your country because I think in Japan
talking about sex, I mean, to sexual education here I think it’s too very, very
behind.

It is something and somewhat taboo and we do not discuss.

I think

your country’s women are very outspoken compared to Japanese and I would
like to know how you do the education for, like starting from elementary level
students and also for their parents.
do.

That seems possible.

I think that’s something that we need toThank you.

Siriporn Wajjwalku
I think we have these kinds of education in high school.
school, we also have it recently.
have it.

I think in elementary

That was not during my time but recently we

Related to the disaster, I think particularly in Bangkok we had problemof flood, very severe flood in 2011.

We recognized these serious issues because

our Thammasat University opened the university to be the temporary shelter
during that time and our student also became volunteers. We witnessedsomehow like the case so later on as far as I know, the university has a plansomehow to give some like training if something happens again, I mean if thedisaster happens again.

But the problem is that the subject like this, DRR

preparedness or something, these kinds of subjects are not included and notmainstream in the curriculum.
in this faculty.

For example, Faculty of Political Science, I teachWe have these subjects.

related to the disaster.

We have only two or three subjects

We have subjects related to, for example, liketrafficking or other problems.

We also have the subject about violence andalso women violence but it’s not somehow mainstream in the curriculum, so inthis sense, it will be very difficult.

Now, of course, some people try to

mainstream bit but still a bit far away.

Even you say that in our society women

have more freedom to talk to discuss and women can go up to a high procession
work in the place that men work, but still if we think about the education, it isstill a long way to go.

Melyza Perdana
Actually, we don’t have data about the sexual harassment or sexual abuse when60the victims are staying in the shelters.

It is also somehow taboo to talk about

sexuality in Indonesia, but currently I think many people are aware of this.

So

the government agency makes kind of video related to sexual harassment forchildren and also for teenagers and it is spread out and I think the awarenessof sexual harassment currently is also coming up. During the disaster, most of
the disasters happen, most of the victims will stay together. We will use the bighouse and the male victims will kind of stay outside and the female are inside.
So kind of the women are protected by the male victims most of the time.

But

yes, there are cases of sexual abuse, then but it is not reported yet.
Mohd Hafiz Amirrol
It is very true so if we look into the one example like Rohingya refugees casein Cox’s bazaar when it started, of course, there are gender issues on protection
and so on.

After almost a year, sexual, gender-based violence issues are

getting higher and higher of course because it is related to mental health andpsychosocial problems.

So most agencies including Mercy Malaysia, what wetry to do is that we will make sure that protection issues and protection
approaches are included in all of our programs whether it’s public health,whether it is shelter, whether it’s educational or mental health and psychosocial,every single aspect of protection especially on gender, on marginalized
community will be set.

There are educational programs in that so it is targetedbased on specific programs at specific locations.
Ronni AlexanderThank you and thank you for raising this important issue as something that weneed to include in our guidelines and think about how we can approach it as asensitive issue in all of our countries.

Other questions or comments?

Questioner
Good afternoon.

I am a research student at the Graduate School ofInternational Cooperation Studies and I am from Tajikistan.

First of all, I would

like to thank everyone especially panelists for sharing the stories and Dr.
Alexander for moderating it.

My question is kind of following the previous

conversation about volunteers and probably it is mostly addressed to Mr. Mohd
Hafiz Amirrol.

I am sorry if I pronounced it wrong.

Well, I have actually heard

about Mercy Malaysia before. What I would like to say that while working with61

the delivering humanitarian assistance and delivering aid to other countries, I
know that Mercy Malaysia they send troops even to other countries.

Probablyfor volunteers and staff, it is very hard to get to the place where disasters
happened and mentally very difficult to overcome this threat or maybe thisempathy to this people so they have to overcome it and work harder to help tothese people or maybe they can be afraid that anything can happen with themtoo.

I have heard the story when Mercy Malaysia came to China in order todeliver aid after the earthquake and in borders of Tajikistan one of the members
was actually injured.

My question is, are there any orientation programs run

by NGOs that are delivering humanitarian assistance for strengthening mental
health to the volunteers so they won’t be mentally damaged or even harm otherpeople that actually struggled after disaster already?

Thank you.

Mohd Hafiz Amirrol
Thank you for the question.
a mission in Iraq in 2003.

Yes, in fact, our founder Dr. Jemilah was shot on

If I am not mistaken and one of our volunteers had

a very serious mental health issue returning from Aceh after the Indonesia
tsunami. Yes, we do have induction training, all the preparation for our volunteers
and our staffs because Mercy Malaysia works based on the strength of ourvolunteers.

We are not like the big group like Oxfam or World Vision which

they don’t use volunteers. We depend on volunteers.
save cost.

In one side, it helps toBut on the other hand, it is difficult to manage volunteers and wehave like 7000 volunteers at the moment and we make sure that all of ourregistered volunteers have to go through basic mission training, volunteer
induction programs and all training step by step which include not only physicalpreparation but most importantly mental health and psychosocial so those aremass for all of our team to go through.
Ronni AlexanderThank you.

The point also is well taken that it isn’t just the residents or thepeople in the area but people who come to help who are also experienced very
traumatic situations.

Thank you.

We have time for maybe one more question

or comment.
Questioner
I will speak in Japanese.

Thank you very much for your wonderful62presentations.
nurse.

I am in the global leader training program and I used to be a

When I was engaged in nursing and looking at the people, there are somany different types of the people, from the younger ones to the older ones,
and the women or sick people.

We are the experts in nursing.

Gadjah Mada

University is participating in this project and we admire your participation and
I am very much interested in that.

I have a question.

You are talking about

the empowerment for the vulnerable people who are engaged in empowering
the vulnerable, is there any criteria or standards to assess whether the nurses
or the people who empower the people were successful.

Is there any

measurement or the parameters by which you will be able to say the case was
successful?
Melyza Perdana
Thank you for your question.
empowerment.

So actually, we did many activities about the

The empowerment is not only for the women but because mostof the volunteers that involved in our program are women and we did many
empowerments not only for like you sit there, we have the rehabilitation
programs.

At that time we did kind of training a lot of women to go to help us

to do the rehabilitation program in the community.
who can do the homecare.

There are not many nurses

Then we do kind of training the community

especially the women because women have a lot of time to work and they havethe modern science so they are much more sensitive to the patients.

So at themoment, we have the program for 1 year and it helps us so much.

For theindicators, we don’t have the exact indicator for the successful program butthen we can see the participation and how active they are in helping the people
who get injured after the disaster.

Thing other than the empowerment that we

did is regarding the psychosocial program so because in the community we had
again those volunteers in a public health center, which is most of them are
women.

So we did kind of empower the women and also encourage them tohave the awareness of the disaster. We involve all of them in the drill as well.
We can see whether the program is effective or not by the participation of themin the program itself.
Ronni AlexanderThank you for that question.

I think this brings us back on one level to the

SDGs and on another to think about how in a disaster everyone has to save63

herself or himself and they need to be empowered to know what to do to beable to do that and part of empowerment is the psychosocial and educationalawareness of how they can make themselves safe and hopefully make othersafe too.

We are running out of time so I would like to ask our panelists if theywant to make a final comment or perhaps sing a song.

You can do whatever

makes you feel good and perhaps since we started here, can we start at theother end?
Yuk Feng Huang
Everybody else is talking about the education for the young women on how toprotect themselves.

I believe education also be directed towards the young men

to educate them on what to do and also what not to be done in order that safety
is the priority.

Thank you very much.

Siriporn Wajjwalku
I focus again on coordination.

I think coordination is really important.

First,

before we talk about coordination, maybe let people know the distribution of
information and strengthening in coordination among groups of people is very
important.

It should be at the local level, at the place people, face the problem.

If we look at the situation from at the central somehow, we don’t understandwhat exactly happens and even we have a very good intention, somehow it
doesn’t matter what people need. Thank you.
Fusako Utsumi
I think that being connected is quite important especially for UNESCO Chair.
Many different organizations are to be connected which would result in wonderful
outcomes.

We have about 300 related organizations related to the NWEC andthat connection is very strong.

We have a connection with each individual

woman and we hope to make a progress.
Jin-Long Lu
I have to say I totally agree with Ms. Corat said the number is may not be avery important issue but it is just beginning because the numbers can help us
to know or find what problems behind the numbers.

But actually, in Taiwan I

just want to share we had suffered so many disasters from earthquakes totyphoons to floods even to droughts.

64

But the numbers disclosed by thegovernment, in terms of the casualties, disclosed by the government only
showed how many people lost their lives in this disaster but we don’t know how
many people in terms of their genders, so I think maybe this is also a problem.
So I think maybe this is the start or beginning to know the gender issue, any
kind of relation to the disaster reduction.

Thank you very much.

Mohd Hafiz Amirrol
I think this is a very powerful platform that we are sitting on currently not only
for the humanitarian development and peacebuilding nexus but to address thegaps between knowledge management and knowledge creation and practice on
the ground.

So I am very honored to be among researchers and academicians

and practitioners alike.
Melyza Perdana
I also would like to refer to what everyone has talked multidisciplinary isimportant but then I think that every vulnerable and also gender have to voice
their opinions because I am thinking when we have the shelter, for instance, weare dealing with some specific needs, the daily needs like toileting.
men do not think about this specific thing.
to voice their need.

Sometimes,

The place where the women have

Gender in disaster I think is very important and very novel

issue here.

Ronni Alexander
I guess my job is to summarize this very diverse and rich panel.
really feeling up to it.

I am notBut I want to first thank each of the panelists for theirvery interesting and important contributions.

When we go back and think

about it, I think they have identified a lot of areas that will now have to pursue
and diversity is good, multidisciplinary is good.
are very good.

Different types of organizations

It sounds perfect but it’s actually kind of hard to do.

I thinkwith this group of very talented and interesting people, we can find a way to doit.

I am hoping that this UNESCO Chair will also be a model for how to really

do interdisciplinary, integrated and useful research and education.
I think we have been reminded that education should happen for all age groups.
Each of our countries and places have different groups that we think are at risk

65and are marginalized.

All of those groups also have gender issues.

more than just who is a man and who is a woman.

Gender is

We have also issues ofsexual minorities and other minorities to address, issues of sexual violence toaddress.

We have to work efficiently and 4 years doesn’t sound like it’s going

to be enough but hopefully we can get our agenda and have specific goals forthe next 4 years when they come.
Ms. Corat has spoken in her comments earlier about a culture of disaster
resilience.

I think this is where we are aiming that we are going to build a new

culture that will of course be equal and be inclusive, that it will focus on themost unsafe in our societies so that everybody can be safer.

That people will

think about not only who dies or who does not die but will also think about
how lives are ruined or impacted by the disaster.

We know that everybody

can’t go back to the way it was but we can try to find ways to help everybody
move forward to recreate and rebuild their lives.

In the next 4 years working

on this UNESCO Chair, we can do that hopefully.

We will really be able to havean impact on the disaster risk reduction on a global scale.
much.

So thank you very

Please join me in thanking our panelists and also thanking you for yourgood questions and comments and participation.

66

INDONESIA• Supermarket of disaster(WHO, 2010)• Volcano eruption is number 2 disaster thatcause many victim after earthquake &tsunami (The National Disaster Management Agency of Indonesia, 2013)• Part of the Pacific “Ring of fire”, active
volcanoes as a result of complex subductionof the Indo-Australia and Eurasia tectonic
plates  home to 129 active volcanoes (Hays,

DEPARTMENTS of
NURSINGFACULTY of MEDICINE,
PUBLIC HEALTH, &NURSING
UGM

2010)

www.keperawatan.ugm.ac.id

INDONESIA’S VOLCANOES

Universitas Gadjah Mada••••

Established : December 19, 1949
The oldest and largest institution of higher education in Indonesia
Located in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
There are 18 faculties, 68 undergraduate study programs, 23
diploma study programs, 104 masters and specialist study programs,
and 43 doctorate study programs.

Annual International seminar on
Disaster

School of Nursing
 Education• In Collaboration with Kobe University• Started in 2004
• 2017: the 13th

 Simulated Hospital Lecture Hall Tutorial Room Research Many faculty focuses on disaster Social Service
 Students and staff are actively
involved in disaster managementin Indonesia

 Network University, NGO & government

67

Bantul Earthquake 2006
• Acute phase  students and staff became
volunteers• Ismangoen Building(simulated hospital) was
functioned as real hospital– Manage 150 in patients– Operated many fracture patients– Centre for nurses volunteer from Indonesia• Health services in disaster area

Bantul Earthquake 2006
• In collaboration with JICA hold “mobile
rehabilitation” for victims

Volcano Eruption 2010
• Victims

 324 died  severe burns, respiratory problems,and broken bones
 598 people are hospitalized 343,909 people evacuated to the safety zone,
12.4 miles (20 km) away from Merapi(Hays, 2010)• Material losses IDR 33 billion• Airport closed(The National Disaster Management Agency of Indonesia , 2011)68

Ismangoen Building• Center for Volunteer and Charity fromIndonesia National Nurses Association• Students and staff became volunteers– Burn unit, hopsital– Temporary shelter• Responsible for– Charity activities– Trauma healing– Data management

Thank you

69

DISASTER AND CRISIS:AN INTRODUCTION

The Importance of International Collaborationin Addressing Disaster: Visions and Realitiesof Gender and Vulnerability in Disaster

HAFIZ AMIRROL
Head, Building Resilient Communities
MERCY Malaysia

DisasterDisaster and Crisis of the 21st Century

W HAT IS DIS AS T E R?
A disaster is a serious disruption of the functioningof a community or a society involving widespread human,material, economic or environmental loss and impacts, which
exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to copeusing its own resources.
Disasters are seen as the consequence of inappropriately managedrisk. These risks are the product of a combination of both hazards
and vulnerability.

Disaster and Crisis of the 21st Century

Disaster and Crisis of the 21st Century

70Delivery of Humanitarian Needs in 2017

DISASTER AND CRISIS:HOW THE INTERNATIONALWORLD IS ADDRESSING IT?

Delivering Humanitarian Response Plans

Agenda for Humanity

Agenda for Humanity

Core Humanitarian Standards

19Resources
are managed andused responsibly
for their intended
purpose.

Humanitarian
response isappropriate
and relevant.

2

Humanitarian
response iseffective andtimely.

8

Staff aresupported to dotheir job effectively,
and are treatedfairly andequitably.

7

Humanitarian
actorscontinuously
learn and
improve.

6

Humanitarian
response iscoordinated andcomplementary.

71

3

Communities
and people
affectedby crisis

5

Humanitarian
response
strengthens local
capacities andavoids negative
effects.

4

Humanitarian
response is basedon communication,
participation andfeedback.

Complaints
are welcomed
and addressed.

1. Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction

SENDAI FRAMEWORK FOR DISASTERRISK REDUCTION (2015 - 2030)
FOUR PRIORITIES OF ACTIONGLOBAL FRAMEWORKS: COMMONGOALS TOWARDS RESILIENCY

1.

Understanding disaster risk;

2.

Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk;

4.

Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response, and to3.

Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience;"Build Back Better" in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction.

Source: About the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction. UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction.

2. The New Urban Agenda

3. Sustainable Development Goals

Key Elements For A New Urban Agenda

Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda For Sustainable Development

To create a pattern of sustainable urban development fostering a new model of city::
1. Urban Rules and Regulations. The outcome
in terms of quality of an urban settlement isdependent on the set of rules and regulations
and its implementability. Proper urbanization
requires the rule of law.
2. Urban Planning and Design. Establishing theadequate provision of common goods,
including streets and open spaces, together
with an efÞcient pattern of buildable plots.
3. Municipal Finance. For a good management
and maintenance of the city. Municipal Þnancesystems should redistribute parts of the urban
value generated.

Source: Habitat III,The New Urban Agenda, 2016

Source: UN,The Sustainable Development Goals, 2015

3. Sustainable Development Goals

Humanitarian Actions

17 Goals : 169 Targets

G E N D E R - S E N S IT IV E H U MA N ITA R IA N A C T IO N SACCESS AND PARTICIPATION

Access to facilities, services and information (e.g. latrines, wash points, non-food item
distributions, entitlements) must be equally and safely accessible to women, girls, men
and boys.
Participation in activities such as meetings, committees, and training and employment
programs must also be equal and safe for all.
Meaningful participation
Participation must be safe, equal and meaningful for women, girls, men and boys.

DIGNITY

Dignity is about having your needs met in a respectful way. This will not happen if you are
ignored, discriminated against, insulted, or embarrassed. The needs of an individual will
differ in every cultural context so preserving dignity means consulting women and girls on
what is needed.
Source: UN,The Sustainable Development Goals, 201572

Humanitarian Actions

Humanitarian Actions

G E N DE R- S E N S IT I V E HUM ANI TARI AN ACT I ONSC O MMIT ME N T TO H U MA N ITA R IA N A C T IO N SEMPOWERMENTWORLD HUMANITARIAN SUMMIT 2016, ISTANBUL, TURKEY

Empowerment is the process of gaining control over the self, over ideology and theresources that determine power.

1.
2.

Women’s empowerment is the process through which women, individually andcollectively, become aware of how power structures operate in their lives and gain theconÞdence to challenge the resulting gender inequalities.

3.
4.

Gender-sensitive humanitarian response;
Draw on expertise of local women and women’s groups and empower them as central
actors, leaders and agents of change;
Scale up assistance and support to women’s groups;
Increase percentage of implementing partners that are women’s groups.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Women’s empowerment can take place in different interdependent spheres
Achieving transformational change in power relations between women and men means
working across all these interdependent dimensions of women’s empowerment in aholistic way:
1. economic;
2. social;
3. political;
4. personal;
5. legal.

Total Disaster Risk Management (TDRM)DISASTER AND CRISIS:
HOW MERCY MALAYSIA IS
ADDRESSING IT?
LOW RESILIENCYTDRMGeneric Principle of TDRM

Less Preparedness = More Recovery Needed

HIGH RESILIENCY

More Prepared = Less Response/Recovery Needed

Towards a Resilient Community
ACHIEVEMENTBUILDING RESILIENT COMMUNITIESSAFE AND RESILIENT COMMUNITY
INDICATORS...is connected. It has
relationships with external actors
who provide a wider supportive
environment, and supply goods
and services when needed.

…understands their levelof risk and vulnerability.
They has the ability toassess, manage andmonitor its risks.

…has good planning andprocedures. They are
engaged with the system tosupport disaster planning,
response and recovery.

Unit 19-8
Menara Oval Damansara
No. 685, Jalan Damansara
60000 Damansara
Kuala Lumpur…knows and understandtheir available resources.
They recognizes their valueand has the ability to protect,enhance and maintain them.

T: +603 7733 5920
F: +603 7733 4920
W: www.mercy.org.my

PROGRAMSCBDRM is to provide a platform forcommunities to actively participate
in disaster risk reduction activities,
gain knowledge, skills andcompetencies in DRR andindigenous early warning systems
are enhanced and used.

BUILDING RESILIENT COMMUNITIESSPP is designed to generate
a culture of disasterawareness and response
amongst school children,
teachers and staff. It
prepares schools and its
ecosystem into becoming
safer and more resilient.

RH is to increase andintroduce hospital and its
management to DRR and
improve the hospital’s
disaster preparedness andearly warning systems
through the implementationof DRM.

PS is a program to provide
DRR and DRM education for
private and corporate sector
through DRR for Private
Sector and BusinessContinuity Plan (BCP) inmaking them more resilientin the event of disaster.

facebook.com/MERCYMalaysia
twitter.com/MERCYMalaysia

LGU is to educate, train andstrengthen relevant LGU
stakeholders on DRR and
DRM. It will also function as
the main mechanism toconnect all Þve componentsof BRC into a well connectedresilient ecosystem.

Copyright 2018. MERCY Malaysia

73

Introduction to NKUST
andour research teamOur University

Kobe University UNESCO Chair Project Kick-off Symposium‘Gender and Vulnerability in Disaster Risk Reduction Support’April 5-6, 2018

Presenter: LU, Jin-Long

National Kaohsiung University of

國 立 高 雄 科 技 大 學

NKUST ? Science and Technology
Since Feb. 1, 2018

National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology

6 Colleges:
Mgmt., Engineering, Foreign Languages,
Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science, Finance and Banking,General Education

LocationFirst Campus

5 campuses

Yanchao Campus

Nantz Campus

Population

27,600 students

Academics

4 Colleges:
Mgmt., Ocean Engineering, Maritime
Hydrosphere Science, General Education

9 Colleges
36 Departments

Jiangong Campus

Missions

5 Colleges:
Mgmt., Engineering, Humanities and Social Sciences,
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,
General Education,

Pro-industry oriented
Innovation and Creative
Marine technology

Cijin Campus

Shipping and Transportation Mgmt.
ProgramBachelor B. Admin.

Ph.D. B. Admin.
Master B. Admin.
On-job/executive program

Main stream courses

Our Department

Employability

Shipping

Intern training

Intl. Logistics
Air Transport

74

Shipping and Transportation Mgmt.
Faculty
13 faculties

Exchanges

2
Assistant
Professors
2
Associate
Professors

1
Lecturer

8
Professors

Our Research

Gender equality?

Kobe U.
Korea Maritime Vietnam
Hong Kong
DalienMaritime U. Poly Tech U. Maritime U.
Nagasaki U. and Ocean U.

Natural Disaster Adaptation – GenderDifferences

Natural Disaster Adaptation – GenderDifferences

Dr. Tseng

Dr. YuReconstructing micro insurance in Taiwan: The female
vulnerable groups dependent on the natural resources

Examining the legal system of disaster relief in Taiwan fromperspectives of gender equality or vulnerability

Dr. SunDr. Tseng
Using ICT to design an emergency evacuation system forelder people

Rural women’s role in improving resilience after disasters:
Evidence from a fishing village in southern Taiwan

Natural Disaster Adaptation – GenderDifferences

Dr. LuExploring people’s awareness of gender differences indisaster risk reduction

Thank you.

Meetings

75

Introduction of NWEC

The Importance of International
Collaboration in addressing Disaster:

visions and realities of gender and vulnerability
in disaster

Establishment• NWEC opened in July 1977 as an institution to promote women’s lifelong learning.
• It was established by Ministry of Education (at the time) in response to strong
demand from women and women’s organizations throughout Japan.
• NWEC was restructured into an Independent Administrative Institution in April
2001.

NWEC National Women’s Education Center of Japan
April 6, 2018

Objective• As the only national center for women’s education in Japan, NWEC’s principal
objective is to promote women’s education, and contribute toward formationof a gender‐equal society.

2

Symposium “Disaster Restoration and Gender”

Programs

October 2011

Training

Research

 Training of leaders to promote women’s active participation in society Training of women to lead the next generation
 Training of personnel to support women in challenging circumstances Initiatives to expand women’s participation in the field of education••••

This symposium was organized as one of the programs comprising the Forum on the Promotion of
Gender Equality, which attracts approximately one thousand attendees each year.
Ms. Mieko Yoshimura, Governor of Yamagata Prefecture and Chair of Administrations Neighboring
the Disaster Area, reported on the status of support measures undertaken by Yamagata Prefecture
immediately after the March 11 disaster, and talked about the importance of wide‐area collaboration
among administrations, especially in times of disaster. Ms. Junko Nakamura, President of the NPO
Community Support Center Kobe, who established the NPO after volunteering in the aftermath of theGreat Hanshin‐Awaji Earthquake, noted that it was important that citizens actively engaged in recovery
work themselves without relying on the government, and that NPOs played a significant role infacilitating recovery. Mr. Motoo Suzuki, an editorialist for Kahoku Shimpo newspaper, pointed out theexistence of various disparities between urban and rural areas from his position as an on‐the‐scene
reporter in the disaster area. The coordinator of the Symposium, Prof. Natsuko Hagiwara of Rikkyo
University, noted that gender issues absent during ordinary times arise in times of emergency, and alively discussion on gender‐equal community building ensued.

Training of gender‐equality leaders in communities
Summer school for junior and senior high school girls
Training of counselors at women’s facilities
Gender‐equality seminars at universities, etc.

PR & Information Dissemination
 Centralization and dissemination of information that contributes topromotion of women’s participation
 Promotion of the collection and preservation of historical
documents pertaining to gender equality
 Strengthening and reinforcement of PR activities targeting a wider
variety of entities

 Research required to establish a foundation upon which to realize agender‐equal society

NWEC implements
4 types ofprograms based on
its core functions(Training, Research,
PR & Information
Dissemination, andInternational
Cooperation)• Research on gender statistics• Research on initial career planning and promotion of active
participation• Research on promotion of female faculty’s active participation• Research on e‐learning‐based support for education and learning

各事業は相互に連携

 Training of staff to promote gender equality in Asia
 Responses to international issues• Operation of the Information Center for Women’s
Education (collection and provision of books and materials)• Operation of the Women’s Archives Center(Collection, preservation and provision of literatureand materials pertaining to women; Creation of databases)• Operation of the Women’s Information Portal (Winet)

Training for Regional Gender Equality Promotion LeadersInternational Cooperation

June 2012

A three‐day seminar for managerial staff at gender equality centers, local government officers, and leaders ofprivate organizations promoting gender equality in their communities. Ms. Akiko Domoto, former governor of Chiba
Prefecture, gave a lecture entitled “Life After the Great East Japan Earthquake: Reconsidering Japan from a Gender‐
equal Perspective” in which she expounded on the importance of promoting women’s participation in decision‐
making, and women, the elderly and disabled people becoming involved as stakeholders.
In a workshop for local government staff, Mr. Kazuhiko Amano, a specially appointed professor at Fukushima
University, presented a report. Mr. Amano was responsible for the evacuation center that accommodated the largest
number of evacuees in Fukushima Prefecture after the disaster. Based on his knowledge of the Great Hanshin‐Awaji
Earthquake and the Chuetsu Earthquake, he realized that women‐only areas were also needed at evacuation centers
in Fukushima, and he collaborated with local women’s organizations to operate them. He also described how
evacuees gradually transitioned from receiving support to supporting each other and engaging in activities geared
toward recovery and restoration.

• Seminars for Gender Equality Officers and Women Leaders in the Asia
Region• NWEC’s global seminars• Issue‐specific training such as “Promotion of Cooperation in
Combating Trafficking in Persons in ASEAN Nations”
3

Workshop on Disaster and Gender at the Training Course for Counselors at Women’s Facilities

International Cooperation

February 2015

This seminar targeted counselors handling women’s
consultations at gender equality centers and DV counselingsupport centers across Japan. NWEC adopted “Disaster andGender” as the theme for the seminar’s workshops. Participantslearned about gender disparities in conditions during disasterand issues confronting women, especially in terms of safety andprevention of violence. Through such workshops, they also
learned about what issues they should pay attention to as
counselors when providing counseling.

This program was organized as one of the programs comprising theForum on the Promotion of Gender Equality under the joint‐auspices of
the Reconstruction Agency, a government entity, and NWEC.
Representatives of three NPOs operating in the three prefectures
affected by the disasters in Tohoku (the earthquake and tsunami in
Iwate and Miyagi Prefectures, and the earthquake, tsunami and nuclear
power station accident in Fukushima) presented reports on theirrespective activities. Ms. Keiko Takegawa, Director‐General of the
Gender Equality Bureau, Cabinet Office, collaborated with NWEC toprovide the latest information on national and international initiatives.
The Reconstruction Agency also displayed panels introducing gender‐
sensitive measures being taken in each area toward recovery throughout
the three days of the forum.

NWEC hosts a Seminar for Gender Equality Officers and Women Leaders in
the Asia Pacific Region annually.
The FY2011 seminar was held between October 20‐29 around the theme“Women’s Role in Disaster Recovery,” with the attendance of 11 participants
working at national machineries, NGOs and educational institutions from 9
Asian countries (India, Indonesia, Korea, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, China, Nepal,
Pakistan and Bangladesh).

Relay Talk on Tohoku Today – Restoration from the Viewpointof Gender Equality (Co‐hosted by the Gender Equality
Division, Reconstruction Agency)
August 2015

Seminar participants
On October 25, participants visited the Disaster
Reduction and Human Renovation Institution in
Kobe. There they experienced the Great Hanshin‐
Awaji Earthquake through video and sound, andlearned about the recovery process from records
and displays. In the afternoon, they visited Ms.
Kazumi Inamura, Mayor of Amagasaki City, where
they engaged in a lively discussion.

76

Tour of the Disaster Reduction and
Human Renovation Institution

Opinion exchange with Ms. Kazumi
Inamura, Mayor of Amagasaki City

6

International Cooperation

Seminar speakers and trainees

Ms. Akiko Domoto, a representative of
the Japan Network for Women and
Health, presented a lecture on disasterrecovery from a gender‐equal
perspective; and Dr. Sepali Kottegoda,
Chair of Asia Pacific Women’s Watch(APWW), lectured on key issues andchallenges in terms of mainstreaming
gender into disaster management policyin the Asia Pacific Region.

NWEC Women and Disaster Archive
NWEC Women and Disaster Archive provides

Every year, NWEC hosts an international symposium to which it invites famous
speakers from overseas. In 2011, with the support of the Japan International
Cooperation Agency (JICA), we hosted a symposium around the theme “Disaster
Restoration and Gender” at the JICA Research Institute. A poster session
presented by participants on the Seminar for Gender Equality Officers and Women
Leaders in the Asia Pacific Region featuring initiatives for addressing gender indisaster prevention and mitigation in their respective countries was held inconjunction with the symposium. This offered an valuable opportunity for lively
discussion on government policy and gender equality measures in each country.

records of disaster relief activities andeducational programs on gender and disastermanagement undertaken by women’s centersand groups in Japan.
The Archive aims:
 to facilitate sharing information on
women’s experiences in natural disasterand their efforts to recover local communities
with gender perspective
 to raise awareness of gender‐sensitive
approach in disaster management
The Archive is maintained in cooperation with
National Women’s Education Center of Japan (NWEC),

Ms. Akiko Domoto’s keynote address

Dr. Sepali Kottegoda’s keynote address
7

and women’s organization.

NWEC National Women’s Education Center of Japan77

URL: http://w‐archive.nwec.jp/il/meta_pub/G0000337wd

Map of Chiangrai

DRR – CSOs and Aid
Coordination in Chiangrai,
Northern Thailand

Sirirporn Wajjwalku (Ph D)
Network for International Development Cooperation(NIDC),
Faculty of Political Science, Thammasat University,
Bangkok, Thailand

Source: http://www.bangkoksite.com/Chiangrai/index2.htm

D a t e/ T i m e

M /I

18 April Time 4:13 p.m.

5.1

Myanmar ( 20.71 , 100.12 )2016

24 August Time 5:34 p.m.

6.8

Myanmar ( 21.06 , 94.45 )2015

16 November Time 02:15 a.m.

2.2

Chiang rai ( 19.69 N , 99.70E )7 October Time 01:57 a.m.

2.4

Chiang rai ( 19.68 , 99.57 )16 August Time 06:02 p.m.

3.0

Chiang rai ( 19.62 , 99.73 )24 May Time 01:27 p.m.

5.1

Myanmar ( 20.56N , 99.02E )6 December Time 05:20 p.m..

5.9

China Yunnan ( 23.29N, 100.29E )5 พ.ค. 2557

6.3

Chiang rai

20 September Time 05:05 p.m.

2.4

Chiang rai ( 20.23N, 99.95E )7 May Time 03:17 a.m.

5.4

Myanmar ( 20.70N,99.84E )7 February Time 10:12 a.m.

4.3

Myanmar ( 21.10N,99.85E )So urce : Seismological Bureau T hai Meteorological D epartment
http://www.earthquake.tmd.go.th/earthquakestat.html?pageNum_stat=2&totalRows_stat=320

Why DRR in Chiangrai ??
2014
2013

7 August 2005
15 August 2005
28 August 2005
23 September 2005
27 September 2005

Hypocenter

Landslide in Chiangrai 2005-2010 (2)Landslide in Chiangrai 2005-2010

Y e arD a te2005
2 August 2005

Earthquake in Chiangrai 2013-2017

Year
2017

Y e ar2006

A r eaMae Sai District
Mae Sai District
Mae Fah Luang District
Chiang Khong District
Wiang Pa Pao District
Muang Chiang rai District
Wiang Pa Pao District

2007

78

Date
7 August 2006
14 September 2006
21 September 2006
6 December 2006
1 May 2007
3 June 2007
11 July 2007
3 October 2007
9 October 2007

A r eaMae Fah Luang District
Thoeng District
Mae Sai District
Mae Fah Luang District
Mae Fah Luang District
Mae Fah Luang District
Mae Fah Luang District
Wiang Pa Pao District
Phaya Mengrai District

Landslide in Chiang rai 2005-2010 (3)
Year
2008

2009
2010

Da te
14 June 2008

Wiang Pa Pao District

1 August 2008
29 August 2008

Phan District
Mae Fah Luang District

7 August 200917 August 2010

Chiang Saen District
Chiang Khong District

11 September 2010

Mae Suai District

Y ear

A re aMo nthFlood in Chiang rai 2011-2017

October

2016

September (7 September)

Muang Chiang rai District, Mae Chan District ,AugustเMuang Chiang rai District,

Muang Chiang rai District

2015

-

2014

-

2013

8 August

Wiang Chai District , Chiang Khong District

9 August

Muang Chiang rai District

21 AugustWiang Chai District , Phaya Mengrai District

22 AugustSource : Department of Mineral Resources
http://www.dmr.go.th/download/article/article_20110815102000.pdf

A rea

2017

Wiang Chai District

2012

-

2011

25 July 2011 to 30 November
2011

Muang Chiangrai District
Source: Thaiwater
http://www.thaiwater.net/web/index.php/flood-history.html

List of NGOs in Chiangrai
1. The Mirror Foundation
2. Highland People Education and Development Foundation
3. Hill Area and Community Development Foundation
4. Local Thai Toys Group (The Elderly People Group)
5. Rak Thai
6. Network for Council Community organization , Chiang rai
7. Dream Creation for Future GroupWhy CSOs in Chiangrai ??

8. Development and Education Program for Daughters and Communities
9. Akha Association
10. Chulalongkorn University Alumni Association of Chiang rai
11. Rak Chiang Khong

12. Chiang rai Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS (TNP+)
13. Northern Thailand River
14. School
15. Espat
16. Addra

List of Volunteer Groups in Chiangrai
1. Luk Chang Asa, Chiangmai University
2. Volunteer Spirit Network
3. Ichitan Group Public Company Limited
4. PTTWhy Aid Coordination ??

5. Team Fix It Center
6. Team Design for Disasters : D4D
7. Staff Volunteer Toyota
8. Southern Disaster Management Network (Nakhon Si Thammarat)

79

Aid Coordination among NGOs in Chiangrai“Coordination save life”

Source : Dong Lan Model Society and health Institutehttp://shi.or.th/download/677/

oThank you

80Study Area

Initiatives for Constructing an Inclusive Flood
Disaster Risk Reduction Communities atPahang River (Temerloh and Kuala Kerau) :Focusing on Genders, Multi‐Ethnic and Multi‐
Cultural Collaboration
By
Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Malaysia

Programs/Activities• Produce a collaboration plan for disaster responses &recoveries between residents and outside NGO &communities• Produce & carry out a training program for the DRR leadersin the resident communities and outside• Promote the mutual DRR collaborations among different
gender, ethnic, race and cultural communities• Produce DRR education materials specific for elderlies,
females, and children• Produce & carry out a DRR training program specific for thevulnerable peoples• Create a disaster reconstruction plan for each community
and update it regularly• Create a disaster reconstruction fund at each community,and carry out fund raising activity regularly• Produce a flood risk map for each community, and also aflood emergency response plan
• Prepare a flood response base and carry out a flood
response drill at each community to increase the flood
response capacity

Thank you81

男女共同参画貢献賞及びユネスコチェア連携賞の授与

神戸大学名誉教授、京都教育大学監事の朴木佳緒留先生に神戸大学男女共同参画貢献賞が授与されました。
授与理由：神戸大学男女共同参画推進室は、2007 年に設置されましたが、それは、朴木先生の長年のご尽力に依るものでした。朴木先生は、初代男女共同参画推進室長として、また神戸大学、学長補佐として JST「女性研究者支援モデル育成」事業、「女性研究者養成シス
テム改革加速」事業、「女性研究者研究活動支援事業(連携型)」事業を推進され、神戸大学の男女共同参画を長年にわたって牽引されました。
引き続き、ユネスコチェア連携賞が農学研究科教授、男女共同参画推進室元室長（2010 年～2012 年）ツェンコヴァ・ルミアナ先生に授与されました。
授与理由：ツェンコヴァ先生は、2010 年にユネスコ前事務局長ボコバ氏が来日の際、面会の手はずを整え岡田副室長、他室員、院生と京都まで会いに行かれました。ボコバ事務局長
からは、ユネスコのジェンダー平等担当局長のコラット氏を紹介いただき、そこから神戸大
学はユネスコの男女共同参画局との緊密な連携が始まりました。ツェンコヴァ先生は、コラット氏を男女共同参画推進室主催の国際シンポジウムに招聘するだけでなく、コラット氏
を講師として内閣府、兵庫県でも男女共同参画担当者に対するセミナーの開催を企画し、また文部科学省でも一般の人も含めたセミナー開催を提案し、そのセミナーには多くの人の参加がありました。ユネスコチェアについては、コラット氏から紹介を受けたものであり、ツェンコヴァ先生によるユネスコとの緊密な連携なしにはユネスコチェアの採択はありえませんでした。まさに第一回神戸大学ユネスコチェア連携賞にふさわしい方です。

82

閉会挨拶
内田 一徳 神戸大学理事・副学長
広報・社会連携・同窓会・基金担当

閉会にあたりまして一言ご挨拶申し上げます。コラット局長、川端国際統括官、福井氏、その他
パネリストの皆様、本当に熱い応援の話をありがとうございました。アミロール氏が最後におっしゃったように、パワフルプラットフォームができたと思います。皆様の強い絆とご協力のもとで、このプロジェクトが無事良い航海ができるように、「ボンボヤージュ」と言いたいと思います。是非ともこの強い絆によって、良い成果が出せるように頑張りたいと思いますので、コラット局長もまたいろ
いろな意味でご協力をお願いしたいと思います。文部科学省からも何かサポートが頂けるのかなと思いますので、よろしくお願いしたいと思います。朴木佳緒留先生、ツエンコヴァ・ルミアナ先生、本当におめでとうございます。冒頭で「幸せはこべるように」を歌っていただいた神戸大学附属中等教育学校の皆様、ありがとうございました。本当は、復興ソングの「花が咲く」で終わるのがい
いのかもしれませんが、後ほど皆さんで歌えればいいなと思います。
皆様、本日は、長い時間ありがとうございました。今後ともよろしくご支援の程をお願いいたしま
す。ありがとうございました。

83

Closing Remarks
Professor Kazunori Uchida
Executive Vice President
In Charge of Public Relations and Community Cooperation,
Kobe University

In closing, please let me say a few words.

Ms. Corat, Mr. Kawabata, Mr. Fukui,

and the other distinguished panelists, thank you very much for your enthusiastic
input and your strong ale.

A powerful platform was mentioned by Mr. Amirrol.

I believe we were able to establish such a powerful platform because of the ties
and the connection with you.
I want to say Bon voyage.

I sincerely hope that we will have a nice trip of thisproject. With our strong ties and connection, I hope that we will be able to bear
fruit. To make it happen, I would like to ask for your further assistance.
Ms. Corat, I am pretty sure that we are able to get the assistance from UNESCO
and from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology as
well.

Professor Kaoru Hounoki and Professor Roumiana Tzenkova, congratulations

for your awards.
Also, students from Kobe University Secondary School who sang a beautiful song,
thank you very much for your participation. This song is about the reconstruction,so probably to conclude the Symposium is better to sing this song, let’s sing asong together later.
Thank you very much for joining for a long time.
I conclude with my wishes and I would like to ask for further support.
Thank you very much.

84

Kobe University UNESCO Chair
Kickoff Symposium‘Gender and Vulnerability in Disaster Risk Reduction Support’
In 1995, Kobe University experienced the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. One lesson of that experience wasrecognition that problems related to gender and to vulnerability under normal circumstances become more
serious during disasters. Accordingly, since that time we have continued to include these perspectives in our
scholarly and practical work on disaster.
This Kobe UNESCO Chair project will take our work on disaster, gender and vulnerability to a new level as wework with our partner institutions (see below) to create a safer world for everyone.
Date: 6 April 2018
Venue: Conference Room, Takigawa Memorial Hall, Kobe University
12:30
13:00
13:30
13:40
13:55
14:10
14:25
14:40
15:00
16:30
16:45
17:00

Registration
Performance: Introducing ʻdisaster support cultureʼ from Kobe
Video presentations on DRR support from the partner institutions
Opening Remarks: TAKEDA Hiroshi, President, Kobe University
Congratulatory Remarks: KAWABATA Kazuaki, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology, Japan
Congratulatory Remarks: S. G. Corat, Director, Division for Gender Equality, UNESCO
Congratulatory Remarks: FUKUI Takeo, Project Coordinator, Section on Earth Sciences and GeoHazards Risk Reduction, Division of Ecological and Earth Sciences, Natural Sciences Sector, UNESCO
Introduction of the UNESCO Chair Project: UCHIDA Kazunori, Executive Vice President for Public
Relations and Community Cooperation, Kobe University
Break
Panel Discussion: “The Importance of International Collaboration in Addressing
Disaster: Visions and realities of gender and vulnerability in disaster” (Coordinator: Ronni Alexander)
Panelists: Representatives of the Kobe University UNESCO Chair partner institutions (see below)
Presentation of awards
Closing remarks: UCHIDA Kazunori, Executive Vice President for Public Relations and Community
Cooperation, Kobe University
Reception, Cafeteria, Takigawa Memorial Hall

Kobe University UNESCO Chair Partner Institutions
1. Gadjah Mada University (Indonesia)
2. MERCY Malaysia (Malaysia)
3. National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology (Taiwan)
4. Na�onal Womenʼs Education Center (Japan)
5. Network for International Development Cooperation, Thammasat University (Thailand)
6. Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) (Malaysia)

Kobe University UNESCO Chair
Kickoff Symposium'Gender and Vulnerability in Disaster Risk Reduction Support'

神戸大学 ユネスコチェアキックオフシンポジウム
ジェンダーや脆弱性に配慮した減災対策

発 効
編 集

Ｔ Ｅ Ｌ
㼁 㻾 Ｌ
㻱㻙㼙㼍㼕㼘

㻞㻜㻝㻥年㻟月日
国立大学法人 神戸大学 男女共同参画推進室㻳㼑㼚㼐㼑㼞㻌㻱㼝㼡㼍㼘㼕㼠㼥㻌㻻㼒㼒㼕㼏㼑㻘㻌㻷㼛㼎㼑㻌㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻜㻣㻤㻙㻤㻜㻟㻙㻡㻝㻜㻣㻘㻌㻡㻠㻣㻝㼔㼠㼠㼜㻦㻛㻛㼣㼣㼣㻚㼛㼒㼒㼕㼏㼑㻚㼗㼛㼎㼑㻙㼡㻚㼍㼏㻚㼖㼜㻛㼛㼜㼓㼑㻙㼗㼥㼛㼐㼛㻙㼟㼍㼚㼍㼗㼍㼗㼡㻛㼓㼚㼞㼘㻙㼗㼥㼛㼐㼛㻙㼟㼍㼚㼍㼗㼍㼗㼡㻬㼛㼒㼒㼕㼏㼑㻚㼗㼛㼎㼑㻙㼡㻚㼍㼏㻚㼖㼜

２０１８年度

Kobe University Gender Equality Office

神戸大学ユネスコチェア キックオフシンポジウム ジェンダーや脆弱性に配慮した減災対策

神戸大学男女共同参画推進室

Research Center for
Urban Safety and Security

神戸大学 男女共同参画推進室

神戸大学ユネスコチェア キックオフシンポジウム