Protecting Children from Falling andTumbling Objects due to an Earthquake—Guidebook for Earthquake Protection for Nonstructural
Members of School Facilities—

March 2010

Ministry of Education, Culture,
Sports, Science and Technology

Introduction
School facilities are places where students spend most of the day and serve as a temporary evacuation
shelter for local residents when a disaster occurs. Therefore, it is very important to ensure the safety of
those facilities.
Especially, it is a pressing issue to “build earthquake-proof facilities” to protect children against
earthquake damage. To this purpose, the earthquake resistance of school facilities has been promoted,
prioritizing buildings that would be in danger of collapsing (those with a seismic index of structure[I.S. index] of less than 0.3) due to possible earthquake.
While the earthquake resistance of building structures has been promoted, nonstructural members havebeen damaged during large-scale earthquakes in recent years, for example, ceiling materials havefallen down.
Such damage was found even when damage to the structure of the main body of a building was
minimal. Damage to nonstructural members may occur not only in buildings constructed before theenforcement of the new quake-resistance standards (1981) but also in those built after theenforcement.
Because damage to nonstructural members can hinder the function of school facilities as temporary
evacuation sites for local residents and cause human suffering, it is important to take earthquake
protection measures for nonstructural members.
In the light of the circumstances, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology(MEXT) has spent much time in consideration, through the Consultative Committee for Research andSurveys Relating Promotion of Earthquake Protection Measures for School Facilities’ Nonstructural
Members, etc. (Head: Yoshiaki Nakano, Professor, Institute of Industrial Science, the University ofTokyo), and has created this guidebook for school establishers, etc. to deepen their understanding of
the importance of earthquake resistance of nonstructural members, as well as of earthquake-resistanceinspection and measures, which may lead to the implementation of specific earthquake protection
measures.
Based on the Research and Survey Report Regarding Earthquake Resistance Inspection for School
Facilities’ Nonstructural Members, etc. (Architectural Institute of Japan) and using other literature
concerning earthquake protection measures for nonstructural members, damage due to large-scale
earthquakes in recent years, and discussions with school establishers as reference material, forexample, this guidebook describes the procedures and points of earthquake resistance work for
nonstructural members in an easy-to-understand manner, with a team led by the school establisher inmind.
We will further enhance the content reflecting the utilization record of the guidebook and new
knowledge on the earthquake resistance of nonstructural members.
This guidebook assumes typical elementary/junior high school facilities, so regional characteristics,
including climate conditions and atypical building specifications and forms, may require special
consideration as needed.
We hope that this guidebook will be utilized by school establishers and others when working on theearthquake resistance of nonstructural members of school facilities.

1

2

Table of contents
1 What is a nonstructural member?
(1) Large-scale earthquakes in recent years(2) Definition of a nonstructural member(3) Damage caused by nonstructural members during an earthquake
2 Approach to inspection and measures(1) Performance expected from nonstructural members(2) Well-planned and efficient procedures of inspections/countermeasures(3) Creating a system for earthquake resistance
Topic: Building Standards Act (excerpt), School Health and Safety Act (excerpt)(4) Consideration of priority
Topic: Consideration of the impact of damage
3 Implementation methods for inspection and measures
4 Inspection/Measures Manual(1) How to read the Inspection/Measures Manual(2) Inspection content
1) List of inspection items
2) Items inspected by the school3) Items inspected by the school establisher(3) Inspection check list
5 Reference literature(1) National subsidy program for public school facility improvement(2) National subsidy program for private school facility improvement(3) Other grant programs(4) Research and Surveys Relating Promotion of Earthquake Protection Measures for School
Facilities’ Nonstructural Members, etc.

3

1What is a nonstructural member?

-

Members such as ceiling materials and external walls (armoring materials)
that are not included in the structure that is the primary subject of a structuraldesign are called “nonstructural members,” in distinction from the structure.
Nonstructural members can be damaged even when the structure is notdamaged at all.

-(1) Large-scale earthquakes in recent years---

Situated in one of the most earthquake-prone
regions of the world, Japan has been frequently
hit by earthquakes and has suffered serious
damage.
Most of the relatively large earthquakes(intensity 6 lower or more) since the Southern
Hyogo Prefecture Earthquake (1995) haveoccurred during times when children are not at
school.
However, it is important for school establishers
and personnel to take necessary earthquake
protection measures, fully recognizing that alarge-scale earthquake might occur during atime when children are at school and cause
serious injuries.

Earthquakes of intensity 6 lower or more since the Southern Hyogo Prefecture Earthquake (1995)--

Number of earthquakes by intensity
Intensity 7: 2 earthquakes* Southern Hyogo Prefecture Earthquake and Mid-Niigata Prefecture Earthquake
Intensity 6 upper/lower: 17 earthquakes
Time of occurrence
Most of the earthquakes occurred when children were not at school, such as during the earlymorning, holidays, and long vacations, including summer holidays.
Time
Date of occurrence

Earlymorning

1995 January 17 (Tue) 05:46
1997 March 26 (Tue) 17:31
1998 September 3 (Thu) 16:01★

DuringschoolactivityAfterschoolHoliday★
★

Maximumseismic
intensity

M*

Earthquake name7
6 lower
6 lower

7.3
6.6
6.2

Southern Hyogo Prefecture
Kagoshima Satsuma Region
Northern Iwate Inland
In the sea around Niijima andKozushima
In the sea around Niijima andKozushima
In the sea around Miyakejima
Western Tottori Pref.
Geiyo
Off-shore Miyagi Pref.
Northern Miyagi Pref.
Off-shore Tokachi
Mid-Niigata Pref.
In the sea west of Fukuoka Pref.
Off-shore Miyagi Pref.
Noto Peninsula
Off-shore Mid-Niigata Pref.
Iwate/Miyagi inland
Northern Coast of Iwate Pref.
Suruga Bay* M: Magnitude2000 July 1 (Sat) 16:01★

6 lower

6.5

2000 July 15 (Sat) 10:30★

6 lower

6.3★

6 lower
6 upper
6 lower
6 lower
6 upper
6 lower
7
6 lower
6 lower
6 upper
6 upper
6 upper
6 lower
6 lower

6.3
7.3
6.7
7.1
6.4
8.0
6.8
7.0
7.2
6.9
6.8
7.2
6.8
6.5

2000
2000
2001
2003
2003
2003
2004
2005
2005
2007
2007
2008
2008
2009

4

July 30 (Sun) 10:30
October 6 (Fri) 13:30
March 24 (Sat) 15:27
May 26 (Mon) 18:24
July 26 (Sat) 00:13
September 26 (Fri) 04:50
October 23 (Sat) 17:56
March 20 (Sun) 10:53
August 16 (Tue) 11:46
March 25 (Sun) 09:42
July 17 (Holiday) 10:13
June 14 (Sat) 08:43
July 24 (Thu) 00:26
August 11 (Tue) 05:07

★
★
★
★
★
★
★
★
★
★
★
★

(2) Definition of a nonstructural member---

Damage due to an earthquake involves not only the structure (building frame of concrete/steel
construction) that is the principal subject of a structural design/calculation but also may include
damage due to fallen ceiling material, etc.
In order to ensure the safety of children during an earthquake, earthquake resistant ceiling material,
armoring material, lighting equipment, furniture and others, as well as earthquake resistantbuilding structures are necessary.
These elements are called “nonstructural members,” in distinction from the structure.
In a narrow sense, “nonstructural members” refers to architectural nonstructural members, such as
ceiling materials, but may include equipment and furniture, in a broader sense.
In this guidebook, “nonstructural members” includes equipment and furniture in addition toarchitectural nonstructural members, from the point of view of ensuring the safety of children
during an earthquake.
Armoring material

Examples of nonstructural members

Interior material Ceiling material

Lighting equipment

Windowpane

Bookcase■Ceiling material■Outer wall (armoring material) ■Broadcast equipment■Lighting equipment■Inner wall (interior material) ■Television■Window pane

■Glass block■Bookcase5(3) Damage caused by nonstructural members during an earthquake- Damage caused by nonstructuralmembers during an earthquake include
direct human damage caused by
nonstructural members falling or
tumbling and secondary accidents
caused by blocked evacuation routes.
1) Direct human damage- Falling ceiling materials,
tumbling furniture, etc.
2) Secondary accident- Blocked evacuation routes- Fire due to gas/oil leak, etc.
-

Nonstructural members may bedamaged even when there is only
minor damage to the structure,causing the risk of serious harm tochildren.

Examples of damage■Ceiling materials

Total separation of ceiling material

Partial separation of ceiling material■Lighting equipment

Detached lighting equipment in a special classroom Fallen lighting equipment in a gymnasium

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■Windowpane

Broken glass

Broken glass of a window that came off the frame■Outer wall (armoring material)

Fallen armoring material (ALC panel)

Damaged cement armoring material■Inner wall (interior material)

Fallen stage-front wall

Fallen partition wall

■Storage rack, television and others

Fallen hanging televisionTumbled bookcases

Broken glass and stored objects that fell out

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2
-

-

Approach to inspection and measures
There is a wide variety of nonstructural members. Earthquake resistancemeasures are not sufficiently established for some of them but it is important
to eliminate the causes of potential accidents as far as possible.
It is necessary for school establishers to take the initiative in formulating acooperative system with school personnel, experts and others.

(1) Performance expected from nonstructural members-

Performance expected from nonstructural members during an earthquake includes safety, functional
maintenance and repairability.
1) Safety
It is expected to prevent direct human damage caused by nonstructural members falling or tumbling andsecondary accidents caused by blocked evacuation routes.
2) Functional maintenance
It is expected to ensure the function of nonstructural members during and after an earthquake by preventing
them from falling or tumbling and making the room or building unusable.
3) Repairability
Even when the structure was not significantly damaged, it could take much money and time to repair
damage to nonstructural members. It is desirable to build them in a way that avoids such a consequence.
- Because securing the safety of children is the first priority, the guidebook sets objective 1): safety in theevent of an earthquake occurring during a time when children are at school.

(2) Well-planned and efficient procedures of inspection/countermeasures
Well-planned implementation
-

-

-

-

As there is a wide variety of nonstructural members, earthquake resistance measures are not sufficiently
established for some of them. In this context, it is important to eliminate the causes of potential accidents byexamining past damage, etc., to reduce damage caused during an earthquake, and thereby ensure safety at
school facilities.
It is necessary to implement inspection as early as possible in preparation for a large-scale earthquake that
could occur anytime, but inspections of earthquake resistance of nonstructural members ranges from
relatively easy ones to those involving technical knowledge and incurring a large expense. Therefore, if
collective implementation is difficult, it is important to gradually implement what you can to ensure early
implementation.
Because the seismic capacity of nonstructural members may be affected by deterioration due to aging, etc.,
continuing and regular inspections are required.
For smooth implementation of inspections and measures, especially for implementation that involves
large-scale work, it is important to implement them in a well-planned manner while paying attention to themaintenance of the learning and living environment.
If earthquake-resistance inspections of nonstructural members and countermeasures incur a large expense, it
may be efficient to implement the inspection at the same time as a seismic diagnosis of the structure and toadvance measures at the same time as seismic strengthening of the structure or large-scale repair work.

Efficient implementation using legal inspections and others---

For integrated and efficient implementation of inspections and measures you may use the examination or
inspection based on Article 12 of the Building Standards Act. Pay attention to the fact that the Act stipulates
who are expected to conduct the examinations and inspections and when they are to do so.
An inspection by school personnel may be implemented as part of a safety inspection provided for in Article
27 of the School Health and Safety Act. This is a safety inspection of facilities and equipment in general tobe conducted by the school and is not limited to inspection of the earthquake resistance of nonstructuralmembers.
The implementation of inspections and measures may be treated as an evaluation item, etc.* in the “safety”
category exemplified for the evaluation of school facilities.

* “Approaches to school facility evaluation–for improvement of school facilities (final report)” (See March 2009 Consultative Committee for
Research and Surveys Relating to the Formation of Guidelines for School Facility Design)8(3) Creating a system for earthquake resistance
Coordination among parties involved-

Because earthquake resistance inspections of and measures for nonstructural members may require
specialist knowledge and incur a considerable expense, it is necessary for the school establisher,
who supervises the school, to take the initiative in the implementation. To ensure the smooth
implementation of inspections and measures, it is important for school establishers to work withthe school, related departments, and experts, including architects.

Role of school establisher and school--

The school establisher decides on the inspection policy, including the method and timing, and theschool establisher and school personnel examine items to be checked. It is necessary to develop a
concrete inspection implementation plan that includes the use of experts depending on the level ofexpertise required and the work content, for example.
School personnel may not have technical knowledge of architecture but, as they use school
facilities on a daily basis, they can discover defects in facilities and equipment during daily
activities and sense danger. For this reason, we can expect more efficient implementation ofseismic measures when school personnel closely share information with the school establisher
concerning the results of inspection they implemented, for example.

Consultation with experts
For seismic inspections of nonstructural members and measures, it is sometimes difficult todetermine the need for improvement and to choose an adequate method for taking a measure. It is
important to implement inspections and measures while consulting with experts who havetechnical knowledge as needed.
Example of a structure for seismic
inspections and measures(overall coordination of
inspections and measures)(liaison/coordination)■Development of inspection policy- Arrangement of inspection method andimplementation timing- Arrangement of the inspection body
based on expert level, difficulty, etc.

■Development of inspection
implementation plan

Cooperation- Examination of concrete inspection points,
timing, etc.

Inspection

School■Consideration of incorporating
into the safety inspection by theschool■Implementing inspection
Reportingthe results[If the school can implement]■Implementing measures[If it is difficult for theschool to implement]■Implementing inspection

Use ofexperts

Cooperation- Implementing based on the implementation plan
- Some items may be implemented based on the reportfrom the school as needed■Developing an
improvement plan

Relevant department

School establisher

Measures-

Use ofexperts- Implementation timing- Modality (as a part of a large-scale repair,as an independent repair, for example)

Cooperation■Implementing measures

9Topics
Building Standards Act (excerpt)(Act No. 201 of May 24, 1950) (Final revision: Act No. 40 of May 23, 2008)(Report, inspection, etc.)
Article 12 The owner (administrator if the owner is not the administrator; the same applies to paragraph 3) of a building inarticle 6, paragraph 1, item 1 or a building specified by a Cabinet Order (excluding a state or prefecture building, or amunicipal building with a building official) and designated by a special administrative agency shall have a first-classarchitect, a second-class architect or a person who has a qualification specified by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure
and Transport conduct regular examination of the situation of the site, structure and architectural equipment of the saidbuilding (including the inspection of the situation of deterioration such as damage to and corrosion of the site andstructure of the said building; and excluding the inspection of the architectural equipment of the said building provided inparagraph 3) as specified by Ordinances of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. The Owner shall report theresults to the special administrative agency.
2 The head of an agency of the state, prefecture or municipality, or a person who was assigned by the head, who is theadministrator of the state or prefecture building or municipal building with a building official (limited to the building inarticle 6, paragraph 1, item 1 and the building specified in the ordinances of the preceding paragraph) (hereinafterreferred to as “head of the state agency, etc.) shall have a first-class architect, a second-class architect or a person who hasa qualification specified in the paragraph conduct regular examination of the situation of the site and structure of the saidbuilding concerning deterioration such as damage and corrosion as specified by Ordinances of the Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure and Transport.
3 The owner of an elevator or other architectural equipment of a building provided for in article 6, paragraph 1, item 1 orother building provided for in the ordinances in paragraph 1 (excluding those installed in a state or prefecture building or
municipal building with a building official) that is designated by a special administrative agency, shall have a first-classarchitect, a second-class architect or a person who has a qualification specified by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure
and Transport conduct regular examination of the said architectural equipment (including the inspection of the situationof deterioration such as damage to and corrosion of the said architectural equipment) as specified by Ordinances of the
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. The Owner shall report the results to the special administrative agency.
4 Regarding an elevator or architectural equipment of the state or prefecture building or municipal building with abuilding official (limited to the building in article 6, paragraph 1, item 1 and the building provided in the ordinances in
the preceding paragraph), the head of the state agency, etc. shall have a first-class architect, a second-class architect or aperson who has a qualification specified in the preceding paragraph conduct regular examination of the state ofdeterioration such as damage and corrosion as specified by Ordinances of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure andTransport.
5-8 (abbrev.)
Order for Enforcement of the Building Standards Act (excerpt)(Order No. 338 of November 16, 1950) (Final revision: Order No. 338 of October 31, 2008)(Building for which recommendation is made)Article 14-2 The building specified in the Cabinet Order in article 10, paragraph 1 of the Act shall be a building provided foruse as an office or similar use (excluding the building in article 6, paragraph 1, item 1 of the Act) and shall fall underboth of the following:i. five-story building or higher,
ii. building with a gross floor area of 1000 square meters or more
(Report to the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport or the governor of the prefecture)
The Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport may demand the submission of a necessary report or statistical data
concerning the enforcement of the Act from a special administrative agency. The governor of the prefecture may demand
the same from the head of a municipality with a building official.
Ordinance for Enforcement of the Building Standards Act (excerpt)(Ordinance of the Ministry of Construction No. 40 of November 16, 1950) (Final revision: Ordinance of the Ministryof Land, Infrastructure and Transport No. 61 of October 30, 2009)(Regular reporting on a building)
Article 5 The time of the report in article 12, paragraph 1 (including the cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant toarticle 88, paragraph 1 or 3; the same applies in this article) shall be the time defined by a special administrative agency
at intervals of from about six months to three years according to the use, structure, and total floor area of the building(excluding the time just after the owner of a newly built or rebuilt building (excluding partial rebuilding), after the day ofdesignation provided for in article 12, paragraph 1 of the Act, received a certificate of inspection provided for in article 7,paragraph 5 (including the cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to article 87-2 of the Act or article 88,
paragraph 1 of the Act; the same applies to article 6, paragraph 1) or in article 7-2, paragraph 5 (including the case whereapplied mutatis mutandis pursuant to article 87-2 of the Act of article 88, paragraph 1 of the Act; the same applies toarticle 6, paragraph 1)).
2 The inspection specified in article 12, paragraph 1 of the Act shall be sufficient to confirm that the situation of the site,
structure and architectural equipment of the building is without problems concerning safety. The items and method of theinspection and the criteria to be used to judge the results shall be provided by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure andTransport.

10

3 The report specified in article 12, paragraph 1 of the Act shall be made using appended form No. 36.2.4 or shall be asynoptic regular research report using appended form No. 36.2.5 with the investigation result table specified by the
Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport attached. However, in the case where a special administrative agency
specifies form No. 36.2.4 or No. 36.2.5 for the report, or where an investigation result table or form that includes items
other than those listed in the investigation result table specified by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is
specified, the report shall be made using the applicable form or investigation result table.
4 The report specified in article 12, paragraph 1 of the Act shall be made by attaching to the report and the investigation
result table in the preceding paragraph the document that a special administrative agency found necessary forunderstanding the situation of the site, structure and architectural equipment of the building, and that is prescribed by aregulation.

(Inspection of building by head of state agency, etc.)
Article 5-2 The inspection provided for in article 12, paragraph 2 (including the cases where applied mutatis mutandis
pursuant to article 88, paragraph 1 or 3) (“inspection” in the following paragraph) shall be conducted at intervals of three
years or less as sufficient to confirm that the situation of the site, structure and architectural equipment of the building is
without problems concerning safety. The items and method of the inspection and the criteria to be used to judge theresults shall be provided by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport.
2 The first inspection after the day on which the certificate of inspection provided for in article 18, paragraph 16 of the
Act (including the case where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to article 88, paragraph 1) is received shall be conductedwithin six years from the day of receiving the said certificate of inspection notwithstanding the provision of the preceding
paragraph.

TopicsSchool Health and Safety Act (excerpt)(Act No. 56 of April 10, 1958) (Final revision: Act No. 73 of June 18, 2008)(Responsibilities of school establisher concerning school safety)
Article 26 In order to ensure the safety of children, pupils etc., a school establisher shall make efforts to develop and enhancefacilities, equipment and the administrative/governing structure of the school, and shall take other necessary measures sothat he/she can prevent danger to children, pupils, etc. due to accident, injuring act, disaster, etc.(referred to as “accident,etc.” in this article and in article 29, paragraph 3) at the school and make a suitable response when danger or harm tochildren, pupils, etc. actually occurred due to accident, etc. (“in case of danger, etc.” in paragraph 1 and 2 of article 29.)
(Formulation, etc. of school safety plan)
Article 27 A school shall formulate and implement a plan for safety checks of the school’s facilities and equipment, guidancefor children, pupils, etc. concerning safety in their school life, including commuting and other parts of daily life, and thetraining of school personnel and other matters concerning safety at the school in order to ensure the safety of children,
pupils, etc.
(Ensuring safety of the school environment)
Article 28 If a principal found a matter that would be detrimental to ensuring the safety of children, pupils, etc. using theschool’s facilities or equipment, he/she shall take necessary measures for improvement without delay, or, if he/she could nottake such measures, he/she shall notify the school establisher thereof.
Ordinance for Enforcement of the School Health and Safety Act (excerpt)(Ordinance of the Education Ministry No. 18 of June 13, 1958) (Final revision: Ordinance of the Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology No. 10 of March 31, 2009)(Safety check)
Article 28 The safety check provided for in article 27 of the Act shall be conducted systematically more than once in every
school term concerning possible abnormalities of facilities and equipment for ordinary use by children, pupils, etc. in addition
to safety checks based on other Acts.
2 A special safety check shall be carried out ad hoc at the school when this is necessary.
(Safety of the environment on a daily basis)
Article 19 A school shall carry out day-to-day equipment checks, etc. in addition to the safety check in the preceding article
to ensure the safety of its environment.

*Other Acts concerning the earthquake protection of nonstructural members are listed in page 63.

11(4) Consideration of priority-

In order to check diverse nonstructural members and take adequate measures promptly andefficiently, you may organize inspection items and measures in order of priority and implement
them accordingly.
The approach to priority may vary depending on the situation of each school establisher andschool but judgment may be made based on the impact of damage. The impact of damage is
examined considering past earthquake damage and possible serious damage. The guidebook
shows nonstructural members at high risk of causing damage due to falling or tumbling, etc., inparticular, as inspection items.

-

Topics■Consideration of the impact of damage
Considering direct human damage due to falling or tumbling nonstructural members, the impact ofdamage on school facilities is examined from the following perspectives:
1) Number of instances of damage in past large-scale earthquakes
2) Serious damage anticipated based on the damage caused by past earthquakes(Examples of damage with serious impact)
Fallen ceiling materials, separated inner/outer walls, broken glass, broken expansion joints,
tumbled bookcases, etc.)<Reference>[Table 1] Damage to nonstructural members of school facilities
due to earthquakes of intensity 6 lower or more in the last two
years (2007–2008)(Number of schools) total number of schools*
School Gymnasiumbuilding / auditorium

Staircase/escapestaircase

Schoolyard/
swimming
pool

Total

[Table 2] Damage of the Great
Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake
1. Damage to classrooms, etc. (Kobe City)
Type of damage

No. of schools,
kindergartensand nurseries

No. of instances ofdamageRoof

Fallen ceiling/caved-in floor inan ordinary classroom(No. ofclassrooms)

Outer wall

Fallen ceiling/caved-in floor in a
special classroom(No. ofclassrooms)

Retaining wall

Fallen ceiling, etc. in anauditorium/gymnasium

Approx.
4,400

Broken window pane

Ceiling, eave ceilingschools

Closed fire door

Inner wall
Disabled connecting corridor

Floor
Disabled gateway door

Glass
Expansion joint
Fittings, furniture, fixtures(window sashes, shelves, showcases, etc.)

Electronic appliances(TVs, speakers, PCs, etc.)

Equipment (laboratory
instrument, basket boards, etc.)

PipingWater tank, septic tank
Equipment (smoke control,
boiler, etc.)

Groundwork (including
ground plane and swimming pool)

Lighting
Gateway (including shutter andschool gate)

Fire door
Total*Report on damage amount by the reconstruction project of the Northern Coast of Iwate Pref. (July
2008), Iwate/Miyagi inland (June 2008), Off-shore Mid-Niigata Pref. (July 2007) and Noto
Peninsula (March 2007) earthquakes.
*1 Including minor damage, such as cracks

12

Disabled escape stairway

2. Equipment/fixture that tumbled or fell
(top 10 in damage percentage) (Kobe)
Equipment/fixture

Percentage

No. ofdamagedfixturesTotal
number of
fixtures

1. Tumbled library bookcase
2. Tumbled bookcase
3. Fallen computer
4. Tumbled critical-documentsafe
5. Tumbled locker for
cleaning tools
6. Fallen television
7. Tumbled chemical closet
8. Tumbled computer
9. Tumbled refrigerator
10. Fallen OHP* Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake – Steps Toward Redevelopment
and Creation of Education in Kobe (Kobe Board of Education)

Implementation methods of inspection
and measures

3--

School establisher decides the responsible body based on the situation of the school
and implements inspection and measures considering the inspection report from theschool and consulting with experts as needed.
In “4 Inspection/Measures Manual,” the guidebook lists inspection items that areespecially recommended considering the priority based on the materials describedabove.

Utilization of the inspection/measure manual---

For the specific procedure of inspections and measures, the guidebook provides inspection contents and checklists in “4 Inspection/Measures Manual.” Use the manual with modifications according to the situation of yourschool, etc.
To ensure an efficient procedure of inspections and measures, the manual lists inspection items especially
recommended considering the priority described above based on the materials in page 16. Because the inspection
items of the manual do not provide an exhaustive list, it is necessary to note that there may be items to be added
considering the situation of the school or from an expert’s point of view.
Take advantage of the inspection check list (pages 67–73) when conducting an inspection. School personnel are
expected to carry out inspections using “the Inspection Checklist (for schools),” report to the school establisher
and implement improvement measures if the school can handle this. Based on the inspection results, the school
establisher carries out inspections using “the Inspection Checklist (for school establishers).”

Inspection items implemented by each inspection body-

Assuming that the school establisher who supervises the school facilities will implement all the inspections andmeasures, the manual divides inspection items into those implemented by the school establisher and thoseassumed to be implemented by school personnel. Decide which body is responsible for inspection considering thisand according to the situation of the school, and implement inspection.
1) Items inspected by the school (see pages 22–34)
Items for which school personnel are expected to implement inspection
School personnel who use the facility on a routine basis check for possible abnormalities. The results are reported tothe school establisher so that the latter can use them as a reference when carrying out inspection. It is effective toincorporate the inspection items in “safety inspection” conducted by school personnel. School personnel are
assumed to be responsible for inspecting the items but the school establisher, as administrator of the facilities, isalso expected to grasp the state of the facilities and implement a detailed inspection if any abnormalities are found.
2) Items inspected by the school establisher (see pages 35–66)
Items for which the school establisher (or expert) is expected to implement inspection
These are items that require technical knowledge concerning building and are to be inspected in consultation withexperts as needed.
When commissioning an expert for inspection, etc., it is effective to present and use the manual for implementationof inspection, etc. so as to ensure shared understanding with the school establisher, etc.

Example of using theInspection/Measure Manual

Implementing
inspection
Manual “Items
inspected by theschool” pages 22–34

Checklist
for school(pages 68)*Partially
implemented basedon the report fromthe school

If the measure can be implemented
by the school

Commissioning

Consulting an expert on
remediation measures

Safety inspection

Developing an improvement plan

ReportCommissioning an expert

SchoolManual “Items
inspected by theschool establisher”
pages 35–66

Implementing
inspection

Items inspectedby the school
establisher

Checklist
for school
establisher(pages70–73)

Implementing the remediation measure

Guidebook

School establisher

Items inspected by the school

Developing an inspection
policy/implementation plan

School establisher

13

4
-

Inspection/Measures ManualThis manual includes inspection items and inspection checklists
Inspection method and implementation timing assumed for each inspection
item are shown as rough indications.

(1) How to read the Inspection/Measures Manual-This manual contains specific inspection items and commentaries, starting on page 22. Eachinspection item, etc. consists of the following items, and the assumed inspection method andimplementation timing are shown as rough indications.
See pages 67–73 for inspection checklist

5 ★

1 Inspection item
Indicates the sites, elements, etc. to
be inspected and points ofinspection

Indicates that the inspection
requires work by a specializedbusiness.

2 Facilities to be inspected,
inspection method andtimingShows an indication of the facilities
to be inspected, the method and theimplementation time for eachinspection item

3) Items inspected by the school provider
I Ceilings: Metal-base ceilings
1) Hang bolts
Facility
Gymnasium

3 Commentary 1
The commentary on the inspection
item shows danger at the time ofdisaster, points of inspection, etc.

3 Commentary 2
Shows examples of measures
based on the inspection results, andpoints, etc. when implementing
measures

3 Figures, photographs, etc.
Illustrate inspection items and acommentary for them using
figures, photos, etc.

School building

MethodVisual /Drawing

Timing
Daily

RegularSpecialGeneral

Are hang bolts installed at intervals of 900 mm or less and secured to supporting material? ★
■Commentary- Hanging bolts are to be installed for perpendicular (not oblique) hanging in principle and with
their edges within 150 mm from the surrounding edges.
- If the ceiling is inclined or curved, install hanging bolts at adequate intervals and in a suitablemanner considering that the load on the bolts is different from that on an installation on a flat
(horizontal) ceiling.
-

If the number of hanging bolts is not sufficient or they are not adequately secured to supporting
material, consult with an expert and make modifications.
Glossary
Hanging bolt
A long-shaft bolt
used to support
ceiling material,
etc.

Supporting
material
Hanging bolt

(structure, etc.)

Hanging bolt
Furring-strip
Furring
strip

4 Reference literature

Interval between
hanging bolts—nogreater than 900 mm

Shows reference literature that
include the contents of theinspection item

ScrewedFigure 1: Example of installation of a hanging bolt

Reference

14[2002 Report], [Guide for construction] , [Handbook], [Examples]1 Inspection item
Indicates the sites, elements, etc. to be inspected and points of inspection

2 Facilities to be inspected, inspection method and timing(1) Facilities to be inspected
Indicates the facilities assumed for each inspection item. Major facilities to be inspected are colored.
1) Gymnasium2) School building(2) Inspection method
Indicates the inspection method assumed for each inspection item.
1) Visual inspection—the inspector conducts a direct visual check. Commission an expert if this is carried out at
a high place requiring scaffolding. If there is an access port, use it, paying due attention to safety.
2) Visual inspection (with binoculars)—Checking using binoculars, etc. for inspection points at a high place thatare difficult to check with the naked eye.
3) Sounding/manipulation—sounding with a test hammer to check for the existence of a hollow space, based on
the pitch, etc. of the generated soundManipulation is the checking for abnormalities in members by touching them. Commission an expert if this iscarried out at a high place requiring scaffolding.
4) Drawings—inspection using data such as blueprints, working drawing and photographs taken during
construction(3) Implementation timing
Indicates when to implement each inspection item. The applicable methods are colored.
Please note that the time for implementing inspection according to this manual does not indicate the time for thesurvey or inspection based on article 12 of the Building Standards Act.
1) Daily—implemented as a part of safety inspection carried out at the school on a daily basis
2) Regular—implemented in a planned manner based on the situation of the school establisher and the school,
and with the interval decided according to the inspection item
- check for abnormalities/defects due to aging- It is effective to implement in consideration of the time of the regular survey, etc. based on article 12 of the
Building Standards Act.
- If a general inspection described below is scheduled in the very near future, it is more efficient toimplement both simultaneously.
3) Special–implemented after an earthquake- Check for abnormalities/defects, such as small fallen debris and cracks. Even if nothing has fallen, the next
earthquake (including aftershocks) could cause damage, such as separation.
- Abnormalities caused by an earthquake may be discovered by comparing with the state recognized as
normal in daily or regular inspections.
4) General—Though secular change is not much assumed, general inspections are carried out as needed when
new knowledge concerning safety, etc. is presented. If an inspection has not been implemented in recent
years, implement inspection as early as possible.
- Confirm specifications, construction methods, etc. that are immune to aging. Check for
abnormalities/defects of sites that may experience aging that is not expected to be extreme and for which an
inspection would incur considerable expense and would be difficult to implement regularly.
- It is desirable to add new items to the inspection items of the manual from an expert’s point of view inaccordance with the situation of the school, etc.

3 Commentary(1) Commentary 1 The commentary on the inspection item shows danger at the time of disaster, points of inspection,etc.
(2)Commentary 2 Shows examples of measures based on the inspection results and points, etc. when implementing
measures(3) Figure, photograph, etc. Illustrates the inspection items and commentary using figures, photographs, etc.

4 Reference literature
Shows reference literature that includes the content of the inspection item (see appendix)

5 ★
Indicates that the inspection requires work by a specialized business

15

[Appendix](Explanatory note to pages 22–66)“About sending a Geiyo earthquake damage investigation report (technical advice)”
Notice by the Director, Building Guidance Division, Housing Bureau, Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure and Transport No. 357 on June 1, 2001

[Technical advice]“About measures against falling ceilings of buildings with large spaces (technical advice)”(Notice by the Director, Building Guidance Division, Housing Bureau, Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure and Transport No. 2402 on October 15, 2003)
http://www.milt.go.jp/jutakukentiku/build/kensetu.files/tenjourakka-2.pdf“About rigorous implementation of measures against falling ceilings during an earthquake(technical advice)”(Notice by the Director, Building Guidance Division, Housing Bureau, Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure and Transport No. 1427 on August 26, 2005)
http://www.milt.go.jp/kisha05/07/070826/02.pdf[2002 Report]“Report of Research and Surveys Relating Seismic Inspection of Nonstructural Membersof School Facilities”(Architectural Institute of Japan, March 2002)
http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shisetu/shuppan/06033006.htm[Guide forconstruction]“Guide, Commentary and Working Instruction for Earthquake-Resistant Construction of
Nonstructural Members”(Architectural Institute of Japan, 2003)[Handbook]“Handbook and Examples of Renovation for Earthquake-Resistant Structures of Existing
Steel Gymnasiums (for practitioners)”(Japan Building Disaster Prevention Association, the Japan Association for Building
Research Promotion, 2004)[Examples]“Examples of Earthquake Protection Measures for Nonstructural Members, etc. of School
Facilities”(National Institution for Educational Policy Research Educational Facilities ResearchCenter)http://www.nier.go.jp/shisetsu/[Tokyo Fire
Department]“Q&A about measures to prevent tumbling/falling furniture, etc.” (Tokyo Fire
Department, August 2008)
http://www.tfd.metro.tokyo.jp/hp-bousaika/2008-1915-6/index.html“Handbook of measures to prevent tumbling/falling furniture, etc.” (Tokyo Fire
Department, February 2009)http://www.tfd.metro.tokyo.jp/hp-bousaika/2008-1915-5/index.html*Other related literature“Operating instruction for regular surveys of special buildings (2008 revised edition)”(Japan Building Disaster Prevention Association, February 2008)“Reference literature for safety education: Safety education at a school that creates a zest for life” (Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, November 2001)(Sold at the National Agency for the Advancement of Sports and Health)
http://www.naash.go.jp/kenko/siryou/kankou/ikiru.html*revised in March 20010

16

(2) Inspection contents
1) List of inspection items○: to be inspected△: to be inspected depending on the situation of the facility

Items inspected by the school
Inspection item

Gymnasium

School building

Page

○

○

22

○

○

22

(1) Windowpanes

○

○

23

(2) Periphery of windowpanes

○

○

23

(3) Fittings

○

○

24

(4) Sash fasteners

○

○

24

○

○

25

○

○

25

(1) Broadcast equipment/athletic instruments

○

△

26

(2) Air conditioner outdoor units

○

○

26

(1) Hanging televisions○

27(2) Televisions placed on a shelf○

27(3) TV racks○

28(4) PCs○

28

I Ceilings(1) Ceilings
II Lighting equipment(1) Lighting equipment
III Windows/glass

IV Outer walls (armoring material)(1) Outer walls (armoring material)
V Inner walls (interior material)(1) Inner walls (interior material)
VI Equipment items

VII Televisions, etc.

VIII Storage racks, etc.
(1) Bookcases, lockers, etc.

○

○

29

(2) Items on a shelf

○

○

30

(3) Racks for chemicals○

31(4) Items in a rack for chemicals

○

31

○

○

33

(1) Covering material

△

○

34

(2) Expansion joints and their periphery

△

○

34

IX Pianos, etc.
(1) Pianos, etc.
X Expansion joints

17

○: to be inspected△: to be inspected depending on the situation of the facility

Items inspected by the school establisher
Inspection item

Gymnasium

School buildingPage(1) Hang bolts

○

△

35

(2) Steady braces

○

△

36

(3) Clearance of periphery

○

△

37

(4) Clearance at steps

○

△

38

(5) Base material

○

△

39

○

△

41

(1) Base material (decay, etc.)

○

△

42

(2) Base material (securing, etc.)

○

△

42

○

△

42

(1) Base material

○

△

43

(2) Mortar

○

○

43

(3) Mortar (separation, etc.)

○

○

44

(4) Mortar (hollow, etc.)

○

○

44

(1) Hanging material

○

○

45

(2) Mounting hardware

○

○

46

(1) Mounting parts (securing)

○

○

47

(2) Mounting part (cracks, etc.)

○

○

47

(1) Hanging material

○

○

48

(2) Mounting parts (crack, etc.)

○

○

49

(3) Surrounding ceiling material

○

○

49

(1) Hardened putty

○

○

50

(1) Separation, etc.

○

○

52

(2) Hollows

○

○

52

(1) Separation, etc.

○

○

53

I Ceilings

Metal-base ceiling(6) Ceiling material (ceilingfinish board)

Wood-base ceiling(3) Ceiling material (ceilingfinish board)

Direct ceiling

II lighting equipment
Hanging type
Direct mount
Embedded in theceiling material
III Windows/glass
Windowpanes

IV Outer walls (armoring material)
MortarMortar on metal lath18

○: to be inspected△: to be inspected depending on the situation of the facility

Items inspected by the school establisher
Inspection item

Gymnasium

School building

Page(1) Separation, etc.

○

○

54

(2) Hollows

○

○

54

(3) Masonry joints

○

○

55

(4) Efflorescence

○

○

55

Pre-cast concrete(1) Protrusion

○

○

56

panels(2) Mounting

○

○

56

(1) Cracks, etc.

○

○

57

○

○

57

(1) Protrusion

○

○

58

(2) Deficiency, etc.

○

○

58

(1) Deficiency, etc.

○

○

59

(2) Specification

○

○

60

(3) Execution

○

○

60

(1) Installation in high place

○

○

61

(2) Separation, etc.

○

○

61

(3) Hollows

○

○

61

(1) Large walls

○

○

62

(2) Bulging

○

○

62

○

○

63

IV Outer walls (armoring material)

Tiling

ALC panels, etc.

(2) Tolerance to relative story
displacement

Glass blocks

Concrete blocks

V Inner walls (interior material)
MortarFinish boards
Concrete blocks*see “IV Outer walls (armoringmaterial)”

VI Equipment items
Broadcast equipment(1) Mounting parts (securing)

○

△

64

/ athletic instruments(2) Mounting hardware

○

△

64

(1) Mounting parts (securing)

△

○

65

△

○

65

△

○

66

Air conditioner
outdoor units(2) Mounting parts (deformation,etc.)

VII Televisions, etc.
Hanging TVs/ airconditioners(1) Mounting parts (securing)19

■Key inspection items

V Inner walls(interior material)

II Lighting equipment
P.22, pp.45-49

I Ceilings

p.22, pp.35-44

p.25, pp.61-63

Gymnasium

III Windows/glass
pp.23-24, pp.50-51

20

VI Equipment items
p.26, p.64

IX Pianos, etc.

p.33

VI Equipment items
p.26, p.64

II Lighting
equipment

VII Televisions
p.27-28, p.66

V Inner walls(interior material)

p.22, pp.45-49

VIII Storage racks, etc.
pp.29-32

p.25, pp.61-63

III Windows/glass
pp.23-24, pp.50-51

Classroom

VIII Storage rack, etc.

VIII Storage racks, etc.

pp.29-32

pp.29-32*preparation room

Science room

VIII Storage racks, etc.
pp.29-32
Bookcases that are not anchoredmight fall like dominoes

Libraries

I Ceilings

p.22, pp.35-44

A large ceiling may require measures similar to those for a gymnasium.

Multipurpose halls

Hatchways

212) Items inspected by a school
I Ceilings
1) Ceilings
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisual (binoculars)

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are there no abnormalities, such as breakage, in the ceiling material (finish board)?
■Commentary- If any shears, cracks or traces of water
leak, etc. are found in ceiling material,
there might be some kind of problem thatwill lead to the ceiling material, etc.
falling due to the shock of an earthquake.
- If ceiling material is used, check also forbreakage in the ceiling material that has
been cut to accommodate the mounting oflighting equipment (ceiling material
surrounding lighting equipment)-

If any abnormalities are found, the school
establisher, etc. shall implement a detailed
inspection (see pp. 35–44).
Reference

Photo 1: Damaged ceiling material[2002 Report], [Handbook], [Examples]

II Lighting equipment
2) Lighting equipment
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisualDaily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are there no abnormalities, such as deformation or corrosion, in lighting equipment?
■Commentary- Because lighting equipment ingymnasiums is large and hung at highplaces, if any of it falls, it could pose agreat danger.
- Deformation of the ceiling plane due tothe shock of an earthquake could causelighting equipment to fall.
-

If any abnormalities are found, the school
establisher, etc. shall implement a detailed
inspection (see pp. 45–49.)
Photo 1: Fallen lighting equipment and ceiling material

Reference

22[2002 Report], [Handbook], [Examples]III Windows/glass
1) Windowpanes
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisualDaily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are there no abnormalities, such as cracks, in the windowpanes?
■Commentary- If there are cracks, etc., the glass could break due to the shock of anearthquake.
-

If there are cracks, etc., replace the glass to ensure safety inordinary times in addition to during an earthquake.
Fixed windows* with large
glass panes are more
susceptible to breakage inproportion to the size of theglass.
* Fixed window: a windowthat is made by fixing glass ina frame and that cannot be
opened.

Photo 1: Broken pieces of glass
Figure 1: Example of a device to prevent
glass, etc. from falling on heads.

Reference[Handbook], [Examples]2) Periphery of a windowpane
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisualDaily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are there no objects that are near a window and might hit the windowpane?
■Commentary- Objects placed near a windowpane might
move due to the shock of an earthquake andhit the glass.
-Fix furniture or
install a guardrail toprevent furniturefrom breaking awindowpane.

Refrain from placing any object near awindowpane in order to prevent any objects
from moving and hitting the glass, or fix theobject as needed.
Reference[Handbook], [Examples]233) Fittings
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisual/manipulation

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are there no deformations (deflections), corrosions or looseness in any fittings?
■Commentary- Check the smoothness of opening and closing the windows.
- Deformation of a fitting may add pressure to the glass, causing
breakage.
- Deformation (deflection), corrosion or (and) looseness mightcause a fitting to fall due to the shock of an earthquake.
- Glass is easier to fall from wooden fitting suffering decay due toaging.
Photo 1: This window was torn loose-

Replace fitting with aged deterioration as needed.

Photo 2: Corroded fitting

Reference[Examples]4) Sash fastener
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisualDaily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are the sash fasteners of windows not fastened?
■Commentary- Windows with unfastened sash fasteners mightfall due to the shock of an earthquake.

Sash fastener-

Semicircular lock to fasten fittings such as
sliding windows

The resistance to storm winds of fittings withunfastened sash fasteners decreases
considerably, so fasten the sash fastener when
closing a window.

Reference

24―

Glossary

Sash fastener

IV Outer walls (armoring material)
1) Outer walls (armoring material)
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisual (binocular)

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are there no abnormalities, such as cracks, in outer walls?
■Commentary- Check for cracks, deficiencies, fallen parts,
etc. in outer walls.
- Plastered outer walls, in particular, can be
dangerous when the plaster falls off due tothe shock of an earthquake.
-

If any abnormalities are found, the school
establisher, etc. shall implement a detailed
inspection (see pp. 52–60.)
Photo 1: Abnormality (hollow) ina plastered outer wall

Reference

Photo 2: Fallen mortar[2002 Report], [Guide for construction], [Handbook], [Examples]

V Inner walls (interior material)
1) Inner walls (interior material)
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisual (binocular)/manipulation

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are there no abnormalities, such as cracks, in inner walls?
■Commentary- Check for cracks, deficiencies, missing parts, etc.
in inner walls.
- Plastered inner walls at high places, in particular,
can be dangerous when the plaster falls off due tothe shock of an earthquake.
- Check interior fittings for looseness at attachingparts by lightly pushing them by hand. If the depth
supported by the frame is narrow or looseness is
significant, the fitting is at risk of coming off andfalling.
-

Glossary

Interior fitting
Fittings such as
doors andwindows betweena classroom andcorridor

If any abnormalities are found, the school
establisher, etc. shall implement a detailed
inspection (see pp. 61–63.)
Using glass safety film is one of the measures toprevent glass shattering when a sliding door, etc.
of an interior fitting falls.
Reference

Photo 1: Broken glass of sliding
doors[2002 Report], [Handbook], [Examples]25

VI Equipment items
1) Broadcast equipment /athletic instruments
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisualDaily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneralIs the main unit not leaning? Is the mounting bracket not corroded, broken, etc?
■Commentary- Heavy broadcast equipment, such as
speakers, and athletic instruments,
such as basket goals, mounted at highplaces might fall due to corrosion ofmounting brackets, etc, during anearthquake.
- A basket goal could fall to the floor if
its support is detached due to theshock of an earthquake.
-

Broken panel

If any abnormalities are found, theschool establisher, etc. shall
implement a detailed inspection (seep.64.)
Reference

Photo 1: fallen basket goal

[2002 Report], [Handbook], [Examples]2) Air conditioner outdoor units
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisualDaily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are no air conditioner outdoor units tilted?
■Commentary- Air conditioner outdoor units that are not fixed
could fall due to the shock of an earthquake.
Give priority to checking air conditioner
outdoor units that are mounted over a pathway.
- Check whether air conditioner outdoor units
are fixed with mounting brackets.
-

If any abnormalities, such as tilting or unfixed
air conditioner outdoor units are found, theschool establisher, etc. shall implement a
detailed inspection (see p.65.)

Photo 1: Air conditioner outdoor units mounted on a wall

Reference
26[2002 Report], [Examples]

Photo 2: Air conditioner outdoor units mounted over apathway

VII Televisions, etc.
1) Hanging televisions
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisualDaily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneralIs the television unit fixed to the hanging rack?
■Commentary- If bolts, etc. to secure the television to its rack
become loose, the television could come off andfall.
-

If bolts, etc. to secure the television to its rackare found to be loose, fix the television using abelt or fixing hardware.

Photo 1: A fallen hanging television

Reference[2002 Report], [Examples], [Tokyo Fire Department]

2) Televisions placed on a rack
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisualDaily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneralHave any measures been taken to prevent the television from tumbling or falling?
■Commentary- Because CRT televisions are heavier than flat-screen
televisions and their center of gravity is in the front part,
implement measures focusing on preventing such a
television from falling forward.
-

Secure the television to the rack using a belt, etc. toprevent it from tumbling or falling.
Flat-screen televisions may be fixed using a strap or sticky
mat.

Fixing using straps
Photo 1: Fallen TV rack

Reference

Fixed using
sticky mats

Figure 1: Examples of fixing a flat-screen TV

Photo 2: Example offixing with a belt

[2002 Report], [Examples], [Tokyo Fire Department]273) TV racks
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisualDaily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneralHave any measures been taken to prevent the TV rack from moving or tumbling?
■Commentary- A TV rack with casters could move significantly at thetime of an earthquake.
-

You may fix the feet of the stand (to prevent moving)while fixing the upper part to the wall using a chain,etc. (to prevent tumbling).

Reference[2002 Report], [Guide for construction], [Examples]4) PCsFacility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisualDaily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneralHave any measures been taken to prevent computer equipment from tumbling or falling?
■Commentary- Take measures to prevent falling, especially if the heavy display of a desktop PC is placed in ahigh place (see “VII-(2) Televisions placed on a rack.”)-

PCs may be fixed using a computer strap or earthquake-proof adhesive rubber to prevent tumbling
and falling.

Photo 1: Example of fixing using a strap

Reference

28

Photo 2: Example of fixing using
earthquake-proof adhesive rubber[2002 Report], [Guide for construction], [Examples]

VIII Storage racks, etc.
1) Bookcases, lockers, etc.
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisual /sounding

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are bookcases, etc. secured to a wall or the floor using mounting hardware?
■Commentary- Considering the flexibility of furniture layout, etc., firmly fix large and heavy racks and thin andtall racks that are at high risk of tumbling.
--

When placing a rack on top of another rack, fix the racks together using hardware after joining
them.
When fixing a rack to a wall, secure it directly to an intermediate post, etc. in the wall substrate(fixing to the surface board does not provide sufficient strength). An intermediate post can befound by knocking on the wall. A light sound indicates that the spot is quite likely to be hollow
and lacking an intermediate post.
If there is no wall for fixing, fix the lower part of the racks to the floor and join the upper parts
with joining material.
Upper parts are joined after being fixed
to the floor

Photo 1: Tumbled shoe locker

Figure 1: Example of fixing using
L-shaped hardware

Reference

Photo 2: Example of fixing by
joining racks

Photo 3: Example of fixing by
joining racks

Figure 2: Example of fixing racks[2002 Report], [Handbook], [Examples]292) Items on a shelf
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisualDaily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are there no heavy objects placed on bookshelves, etc?
■Commentary- Don’t put any heavy objects on the upper partsof shelves in principle because they might fall
due to the shock of an earthquake.
-

Supports may be attached to the front ofshelves to prevent objects placed there fromfalling.

There is a riskof tumbling
because thecenter ofgravity is in
the upper part.

Photo 2: Example of measures to prevent objects fromfalling
Photo 1: Water tank with its centerof gravity in the upper part.

Supports fora shelf

Figure 1: Example of afall-prevention measure

Reference[2002 Report], [Examples], [Tokyo Fire Department]

Topic for reference
Because racks with casters could move and hit
people, wall, etc., lock the casters to prevent
moving.
It is desirable to store heavy objects in fixed racks
as far as possible.

Casters

Avoid placing heavy objects as far as possible
Photo 1: Rack with wheels

303) Racks for chemicals
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisualDaily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneralHave any measures been taken to prevent racks for chemicals from moving or tumbling?

4) Items on a rack for chemicals
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisualDaily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneralHave any measures been taken to prevent drug containers, etc. from breaking or falling out?
■Commentary- It is recommended to take measures to prevent stored objects from falling out in addition tomeasures to prevent racks from moving or tumbling.
-

See “VIII-(1) Bookcase, locker, etc.” (p29) for measures to prevent racks for chemicals frommoving or tumbling.
A lock or opening-prevention appliance (a stop) may be applied to prevent doors/drawers from
opening due to shaking.
You may attach a bar or put a mat with dents that are shaped like the bottom of the stored objects
under the objects to prevent them from falling out.
Put down a soft mat to prevent
objects from falling out.

Prevent racks from tumblingby using wire, etc.

Place unstable tools in sand or
put them in a grid container toprevent tumbling.

Apply glass safety film to
glass doors.
Attach bars to prevent
objects from falling out.

Replace glass containers withplastic ones as far as possible.
Figure 1: Example of measures toprevent a rack from tumbling
It is recommended to attach a stop bothat the top and bottom of the door.

Attach at thecenter of the doors
when attaching at
one location.

Figure 2: Example of location of mounted stops

Reference[2002 Report], [Guide for construction], [Examples], [Tokyo Fire Department]
31

Topic for reference
If it is difficult to prevent objects in a rack fromtumbling, you can apply glass safety film toprevent glass from breaking and bottles fromfalling out of the rack.

Photo 1: Stored objects have fallen out and glass shards are scattered

Topic for reference
Movement of furniture due to an earthquake and the damage caused
The shock of an earthquake could make furniture move in various ways, including tumbling andfalling, causing damage.
Behavior of furniture
Damage pattern
Tumbling

Falling-

Serious damage to surrounding people and objects Serious damage to surrounding people and objects
Obstacles in evacuation pathObstacles in evacuation pathFires caused by tumbling onto flammable
Fires caused by falling onto flammable instruments
instruments
Shifting
Deformation
Opening of drawers-

Damage to surrounding people
and objects
Obstacles in evacuation path--

Falling of stored objects-

32

Damage to surrounding people
and objects
Breaking of stored objects
Obstacles in evacuation pathFires caused by stored objects
falling onto flammableinstruments

Shifting, falling and breaking ofobjects stored inside

Rocking-

Damage to surrounding people
and objects
Breaking of stored objects
Psychological impact of the
sound

-

Damage to surrounding people
and objects
Breaking of objects stored
insideObstacles in evacuation path
Opening/closing and falling of
doors

-

Human damage
Psychological impact of thesound
Obstacles in evacuation path
Falling of stored objects

IX Pianos, etc.
1) Pianos, etc.
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisualDaily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneralHave any measures been taken to prevent pianos from skidding or tumbling?
■Commentary- Grand pianos may skid due to the shock of an earthquake- Rolling-prevention appliances attached to the feet of a grand piano are effective against weakerhorizontal oscillation but are likely to come off during strong oscillation that involves bouncing.
- Upright pianos and organs may tumble.
-

Deeper antivibration rubber may be used to prevent coming off of piano foot.
You may fix an upright on a board to enlarge its base area as a measure to prevent tumbling.

CasterPhoto 1: Skidding due to oscillation of an earthquake

Cross-sectionview

Anti-vibration rubber

Figure 1: Anti-vibration rubber

Piano is fixed on a board.
Photo/figure 2: Example of measures to prevent an upright piano from tumbling

Reference[2002 Report], [Guide for construction] , [Examples]

33

X Expansion joints
1) Covering material
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisualDaily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are there no deformations in material covering expansion joints? Are no pieces of such material
coming off?
■Commentary- Material that covers an expansion joint
could come off even in a moderate quake.
-

If some cover material has come off thejoint due to the shock of a quake, etc., makean improvement because it could fall.
Glossary
Expansion joint (exp.j)
A gap between buildings to segment themand alleviate damage due to the shock of anearthquake, etc.

Reference

Photo 1: Cover material
that came off[Guide for construction]2) Expansion joints and their periphery
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisualDaily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are there no objects placed on expansion joints or in their surroundings?
■Commentary- At the time of an earthquake, it is anticipated that joined structures
would shake, making the expansion joints between them move.
Objects placed on the covers might fall or tumble.
-

Don’t placefire-extinguishers, bulletinboards, etc. on expansion
joints.
Expansion joint

Don’t place afire-extinguisher
on anexpansion-joint
cover.
Photo 1: Fire-extinguisher placedon an expansion joint.

Reference

34[2002 Report]

3) Items inspected by the school establisher
I Ceilings: Metal-base ceilings
1) Hang bolts
Gymnasium

Facility
School building

MethodVisual /Drawing

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are hang bolts installed at intervals of 900 mm or less and secured to supporting material? ★
■Commentary- Hanging bolts are to be installed for perpendicular (not oblique) hanging in principle and with
their edges within 150 mm from the surrounding edges.
- If the ceiling is inclined or curved, install hanging bolts at adequate intervals and in a suitablemanner considering that the load on the bolts is different from that on an installation on a flat
(horizontal) ceiling.
-

If the number of hanging bolts is not sufficient or they are not adequately secured to supporting
material, consult with an expert and make modifications.
Glossary
Hanging bolt
A long-shaft bolt
used to support
ceiling material,
etc.

Supporting
material(structure, etc.)
Hanging bolt
Hanging bolt
Furring-strip
supportFurring
stripInterval between
hanging bolts—nogreater than 900 mm
ScrewedFigure 1: Example of installation of a hanging bolt

Reference[2002 Report], [Guide for construction] , [Handbook], [Examples]352) Steady braces
Gymnasium

Facility
School building

MethodVisual /Drawing

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneralIs there more than one pair of steady braces installed every 12–30m2 (in both directions)? ★
■Commentary- If the ceiling space is large, the hang bolts will be longer, meaning that during an earthquake theshaking of the ceiling material will be stronger, and hence the risk of breaking and falling will begreater.
- Distribute steady braces that bear a horizontal force at the time of an earthquake in a good balance
considering that hang bolts and furring strips that comprise the ceiling are not so strong.
-

If there are not enough steady braces installed, consult an expert and implement modifications,such as adding steady braces as needed considering the size of the ceiling and the constraint
situation around the ceiling.
Glossary

Glossary
Ceiling space

Steady brace

Space between a ceiling and theupper story floor surface

A diagonal memberthat bears a horizontal
force at the time of anearthquake andprevents the ceilingfrom shaking greatly.

Upper story floor surface
Space for a beam Ceilingspace
and equipment

Steady brace

Story height

Interior

Ceiling height

Ceiling

Floor surface

Clearance(δ = h/100 and above
and in the range ofabout 50–100)

Sliding hardware
for the wall

Brace (direction x)
Brace (direction y)
ClipHang bolt
HangerCeiling finish board

Furring-strip
supports
Furring strips

Figure 1: Example of arrangement of steady braces

Finishing material
Mass per m2
Area for one brace
Rock wool acoustic board (t=12) +2
12–15 m2
16 kg/mtraditional gypsum board ceiling (t=9.5)
Glass wool board (t=25) system ceiling
4 kg/m2
20–30 m2
Figure 2: Rough indication of the area borne by one steady brace(with a horizontal seismic coefficient of 1.0G)

Reference

36

Install more than a pairof steady braces for both
directions.
Hang bolt
Steady brace(Area of 12–30 m2)
Figure 3: Example ofarrangement of steady braces[2002 Report], [Guide for construction] , [Handbook], [Examples], [Tokyo Fire
Department]3) Clearance of periphery
Gymnasium

Facility
School building

MethodVisual (binocular)/
Drawing

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneralIs there a clearance of 5–10 cm between the edge of the ceiling material and the surrounding wallin accordance with the size of the ceiling space?
■Commentary- A clearance between the edge of the ceiling material of a relatively large ceiling, such as that of a
gymnasium, and the surrounding wall is effective to prevent breakage/falling due to a collision.
- Because clearance may be covered by molding, etc., check the clearance using a drawing or
through a detailed inspection if it is not possible to check by visual inspection.
-

If there is no clearance, consult with an expert and assess the need for modification.
Clearance(about 50–100 mm)
Hang bolt

Hanger

Structure(roof, etc.)
Structure(wall, pillar,
etc.)

Wall
Ceilingsurface

Steadybrace

Furring
strip

Clearance

Figure 1: Example of clearance installation

Ceiling molding

Ceiling
material
Furring-strip
supports

Figure 2: example of connection between
ceiling material and wall

Reference[2002 Report], [Guide for construction] , [Handbook], [Examples], [Tokyo Fire
Department]

Topic for reference
The ceiling material of a relatively small ceiling, such as that of a classroom, is not likely to fall, even
without a steady brace or clearance, if the ceiling material is constrained by the surrounding structure
and prevented from moving horizontally.

Ceiling material is constrained by thesurrounding structure.

Figure 1: ceiling in a common classroom

Ceiling material falling would cause
only minor damage compared withceiling material of a gymnasium falling.

Figure 2: Fallen ceiling material of a corridor

374) Clearance at steps
Gymnasium

Facility
School building

MethodVisual (binocular)/
Drawing

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneralIs there clearance at a step or joint of two parts of different sizes (on a plane) in the ceiling?
■Commentary- Because joints with a step or two parts of different sizes (on a plane) are especially at a high riskof damage due to the shock of an earthquake, it is recommended to make a clearance.
- Because a clearance may be covered by a molding, etc., check the clearance using a drawing or
through a detailed inspection if it is not possible to check by visual inspection.
-

If there is no clearance, consult with an expert and examine the need for modification.
It is possible to reinforce a joint with a robust installation of a base material instead of using aclearance.
Clearance is made.

Ceiling surface
contacts the
structure.

Force acts on the spot ofdifferent rigidity because
there is a step.

Clearance
Shock

Shock

Figure 1: Example of clearance at stepCeiling framing plan

PillarConstraint

Risk of breakage/falling

Joint of two parts ofdifferent sizes (on a plane)

Swinging of ceiling

Figure 2: Example of clearance installation when two ceiling parts of different sizes are joined on a plane

Reference

38[2002 Report], [Guide for construction] , [Handbook], [Examples]5) Base material
Gymnasium

Facility
School building

MethodVisualDaily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneralIs the ceiling material solidly secured to furring strips that are secured to furring strip supports
which, in turn, are secured to hang bolts? ★
■Commentary- Hangers that secure furring strip supports and hang bolts could become loose due to the shock ofan earthquake, possibly leading to detachment of the furring strip supports and the entire ceiling
falling.
- Installation finishes vary because clips to attach furring strips to furring strip supports are usuallydesigned to fasten using the friction force of pinching, and they are attached manually. If the clips
become detached due to the shock of an earthquake, ceiling material could fall together withfurring strips.
-

Furring strip supports and hang bolts can be reinforced by screwing hanger and furring strip
supports.
Furring strips and furring strip supports can be reinforced by fixing clips from both sides, byscrewing clips to furring strip supports, or by clamping furring strips and furring strip supports
with steel angle.
Glossary
Furring strip
Long and thin component used as base material to attach
ceiling material

Furring strip support
Member that is perpendicular to and supports furring strips

Single clip
Single furring strip

Furring strip
supportDouble clip
Double furring strip

Furring strip
support joint

Hang bolt
Nut
HangerSingle furring
strip joint
Double furring strip joint

Securing a clip from one side

Figure 1: Block diagram of hang ceiling with conventional
method using light-gauge steel ceiling base (viewed from below)

Securing a clip from two sides
Photo 1: Example of clip securing

Photo 2: Example of the structure of a light-gauge steel ceiling base39

Hang bolt 9φ
HangerFurring strip
supportFurring strip

Furring strip is
not likely to come
off when thehanger is screwed.

Clip
Reinforcing screw
Furring strip(a) Without a screw that prevents opening
Hang bolt 9φ

Figure 2: Example of clip reinforcement

HangerFurring strip
supportFurring strip
supportSingle bar(b) With a screw that prevents opening

Reinforcing
screw

Furring strip

Figure 1: Example of hanger
reinforcement

Reference

Reinforcing hardware

Figure 3: Example of reinforcement using steel angle[2002 Report], [Technical advice], [Guide for construction], [Handbook],[Examples]

Topic for reference
If reinforcement such as additional steady braces
is difficult, there is also the option of removing theceiling material, etc. However, removing ceilingboards, etc. requires the consideration ofenvironmental conditions including heat andsound.
If immediate renovation is difficult, you can also
put up a safety net as an urgent step.

Photo 1: Ceiling with safety net

Topic for reference
In the case of a school building, while small ceilings such as those of classrooms are less likely to fallbecause the rigidity of the ceiling material is ensured, open ceiling spaces, and large ceilings and highceilings, such as those of foyers, sometimes require measures similar to those for gymnasiums.
Damage of earthquake

Photo 1: large ceiling (foyer)

40

After reparation

Photo 2: large ceiling (lunchroom)6) Ceiling materials (ceiling finish board)
Gymnasium

Facility
School building

MethodVisual (binocular)

TimingRegularSpecial

Daily

General

Are there no shears, cracks or water-leak stains on the ceiling material?
■Commentary- If there are any shears or cracks (including human-induced breakage) in ceiling material, thematerial could fall of due to the shock of an earthquake.
- Connections to an equipment item are especially subject to breakage due to the shock of anearthquake.
- Water leaks (rainwater) could cause screws to rust and reduce their locking force, leading to theseparation of ceiling material.
-

If there are shears, cracks or water leak traces in ceiling material, consult with an expert and makemodifications, such as replacing the ceiling material, as needed.
If the ceiling material is glass wool board, it can be secured to a T-bar using clips, wire, etc.

Water leaktrace

Fluttering down

Photo 1: Ceiling material on theunderside of an eave fell off

Photo 2: Breakage of ceilingmaterial

Photo 4: Falling glass wool board

Clips and wire to prevent falling(Plastic wire should be at least
1.9 mm in diameter)

T bar

Hang button

Figure 1: Example of measures to prevent
glass wool board from falling
Photo 3: Separation of ceiling material

Reference[2002 Report], [Technical advice], [Examples]41

I Ceilings: Wood-base ceilings
1) Base material (decay, etc.)
Gymnasium

Facility
School building

MethodVisualDaily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are there no signs of decay in the wooden base material or cracks (in the ends of lumber) in theceiling material? ★

2) Base material (securing, etc.)
Gymnasium

Facility
School building

MethodVisualDaily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are tsurigi (long, narrow strips of wood to provide support for a suspended board), etc. secured tosupporting material? Are none of the nails or screws used to attach ceiling finish board loose or
corroded? ★
■Commentary- If you can push the ceiling board up with a slight push, the nails, etc. may be slack.
- Rust due to water leak (rainwater) could reduce the locking force of nails, leading to the separationof ceiling material.
- Decayed wooden base material could fall off anytime, even without the shock of an earthquake.
-

If any of the base material or nails, screws, etc. are decayed or rusted due to a local water leak,consult an expert and replace the parts affected by the water leak. If the impact of the water leak isextensive, consult an expert and, after taking measures to address the water leak, consider andmake modifications, including installing a metal base, as needed.
Glossary
Tsurigi
Tsurigi support
Crack
Furring strip
supportFurring strip

End of lumber

End of lumber
The cut surface of wood that has been cut at a right angle
to the grain. Because fluid absorption and discharge are
more active here than on other surfaces, the surface ismore vulnerable to decay and cracks due to drying.

Figure 1: example of structure of wooden base3) Ceiling material (ceiling finish board)
Gymnasium

Facility
School building

MethodVisual (binocular)

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are there no shears, cracks or water-leak traces in the ceiling material, or significant deformationof the ceiling plane?
■Commentary- If there are any shears or cracks (including human-induced breakage) in the ceiling material, thematerial could fall off due to the shock of an earthquake.
- If there are any water leak traces, the base material could be suffering from decay and deformation
due to repeated water leaks (rainwater).
-If there are any shears, cracks or water leak traces in the ceiling material, consult an expert andmake modifications, such as replacing the ceiling material, as needed.
Reference

42[2002 Report], [Technical advice]I Ceilings: Direct ceilings
1) Base material
Gymnasium

Facility
School building

MethodVisual (binocular)

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are there any shears, cracks or water-leak stains in the wood wool cement boards?
■Commentary- Base material such as wood wool cement boards could suffer shears or deficiency due tosignificant deformation of the roof surface during an earthquake. Due to such shear, etc. a part ofthe base material could come off from the purlins, break and fall.
-

If there are any shears, cracks or water leak traces in ceiling material, consult an expert andexamine the need for measures.
Glossary
Wood wool cement board
A flat plate made by the compression
molding of string-shaped wood chips
and cement

Roof finish
Wood wool cement board(base material)

RoofpurlinWater leak
trace
Shear

Crack
Figure 1: Shear, crack and water leak stains on a roof base material2) Mortar
Gymnasium

Facility
School building

MethodVisual (binocular)

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are there no cement plastered parts on the ceiling?
■Commentary- Give priority to checking outdoor parts exposed to rain, such as space under the eaves and parts
over pathways.
-

Because there is a risk of separation due to aging degradation, consult an expert and makemodifications, such as reinforcement with anchor pins, etc. and removal of mortar, as needed if
any problem is found in 3) or 4) below.
Reference[2002 Report]

433) Mortar (separation, etc.)
Gymnasium

Facility
School building

MethodVisual/Visual(binocular)

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneralIs there no flaking, deficiency or cracking in the mortar?
■Commentary- Cracks indicate a possible hollow in thesurrounding parts. If the hollow is continuous, thematerial could fall off during an earthquake.

Figure 1: Separation of mortar from the underside ofthe eave4) Mortar (hollow, etc.)
Gymnasium

Facility
School building

MethodVisual/sounding

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are there no hollows under the mortar?
■Commentary- Check for hollows in the mortar of a finished ceilingby sounding, etc.
- If there is a hollow under the mortar, sounding willproduce a dull sound (resonant sound if there are no
hollows.)

Roof concrete

Glossary
Hollow

Hollow under mortar
Mortar is partly detached from the substrate but thestrength of the mortar itself prevents falling.

Reference
44[2002 Report]

Crack
Mortar finish
Figure 1: Hollow under mortar

II Lighting equipment: Hanging types
1) Hanging material
Gymnasium

Facility
School building

MethodVisualDaily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneralIs the hanging material of the lighting equipment secured to support material? ★
■Commentary- When lighting equipment swings due to an earthquake, stress could concentrate on its hanging
material and the mounted part, leading to breakage and falling. It could also hit the surrounding
ceiling material or other lighting equipment, leading to breakage and falling.
- Lighting equipment installed in high places, such as in a gymnasium, would be dangerous if it fell.
-

Hang high-mass lighting equipment directly from the structure. In this process, install steadybraces for lighting equipment in addition to those for the ceiling material as needed.
When it is necessary to support lighting equipment on the ceiling’s base material, secure it to thebase material with sufficient strength using mounting hardware and take measures to prevent
separation using wire, chains, etc.
Glossary
Hanging type lighting equipment
Lighting equipment hung from supporting
material

Photo 1: Hanging-type lighting equipment fell down (gymnasium)

Attach a hanging
pipe firmly toprevent swinging

Hanging
material

Hanging length
Steadybrace

Photo 2: Hanging-type lighting equipment (classroom)

Reference

Figure 2: Hanging-type lighting (classroom)[2002 Report], [Handbook], [Examples]452) Mounting hardware
Gymnasium

Facility
School building

MethodVisual/manipulation

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are no screws, etc. of the mounting hardware corroded or loose? ★
■Commentary- Corrosion or looseness of screws, etc. in a
mounting could lead to electrical leakage or
the lighting equipment falling during anearthquake.

Photo 1: Detached hanging-type lighting equipment (classroom)

Reference[2002 Report], [Handbook], [Examples]

Topic for reference
It is recommended to install raceway mounted
lighting equipment by securing the terminal of
the raceway on a column or side wall.

Secure the terminal on a sidewall, etc.

Hanging bolt
Is a steady brace used?
Raceway

Example of asteady brace

Fluorescent light.
Stainless-steel wire, etc.

Figure 1: Example of raceway mounting

46

Photo 1: Raceway mounted lighting equipment.

II Lighting equipment: Direct-mounted
1) Mounting part (securing)
Gymnasium

Facility
School building

MethodVisualDaily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneralIs lighting equipment secured to supporting material? ★
■Commentary- Hang high-mass lighting equipment directly from the structure. In this process, install steadybraces for lighting equipment in addition to those for the ceiling material as needed.
- When it is necessary to support lighting equipment from ceiling base material, secure it to the basematerial with sufficient strength using mounting hardware and take measures to prevent separation
using wire, chains, etc.
Glossary
Direct-mounted lighting
Lighting equipment that is nothanging but is directly
attached to supporting material

Lighting in a gymnasium

Lighting in a classroom2) Mounting part (cracks, etc.)
Gymnasium

Facility
School building

MethodVisual/manipulation

Daily

TimingRegularSpecial

Are no mounting parts of lighting equipment cracked, deformed, corroded or loose?

General★

■Commentary- Cracks, etc. in the mounting parts oflighting equipment could lead toelectrical leakage or lighting
equipment falling during anearthquake.

Photo 1: Corroded lighting equipment

Reference[2002 Report], [Examples]47

II Lighting equipment: Embedded in ceiling material
1) Hanging material
Gymnasium

Facility
School building

MethodVisualDaily

TimingRegularSpecialIs the hanging material adequately installed and secured to supporting material?

General★

■Commentary- Hang high-mass lighting equipment directly from the structure. In this process, install steadybraces for lighting equipment in addition to those for the ceiling material as needed.
- When it is necessary to support lighting equipment from ceiling base material, secure it to the basematerial with sufficient strength using mounting hardware and take measures to prevent separation
using wire, chains, etc.
Glossary
Lighting equipment embedded
in ceiling material
Lighting equipment
installed byembedding in ceilingmaterial

Photo 1: Lighting equipment
embedded in the ceiling material fellCeiling hangbolt

Hanging bolt forequipment
Chain
Hanging
material

Wire to prevent
swinging

Figure 1: When supporting bystructure

Reference48

Inspection
through theaccess hole ispossible.

Ceiling
mounting
hardwareEnsure strength of the base material Photo 2: Lighting equipment
embedded in ceiling material (school
Figure 2: When securing tobuilding)
the ceiling material[2002 Report], [Guide for construction], [Handbook], [Examples]2) Mounting part (crack, etc.)
Gymnasium

Facility
School building

MethodVisual/manipulation

TimingRegularSpecialDaily

Are no mounting parts of lighting equipment cracked, deformed, corroded or loose?

General★

■Commentary- Cracks, etc. in the mounting parts of lighting equipment could lead to electrical leakage or lighting
equipment falling during an earthquake.

3) Surrounding ceiling material
Gymnasium

Facility
School building

MethodVisual (binocular)

TimingRegularSpecial

Daily

General

Are there no deformations or shears in the ceiling material surrounding lighting equipment?
■Commentary- Check whether hardware to prevent the cover separating fromthe main unit of the lighting equipment has been installed.

Photo 1: Lighting equipment
embedded in ceiling material fell.

Reference[2002 Report]

Topic for reference
Trellis (grid ceiling) over the gymnasium stage to hangequipment could fall due to the shock of an earthquake. If
trouble such as shakiness and creaking is found when
walking on the trellis, consult an expert because there might
be a problem with its mounting or structure.
Backside
Structure
TrellisTrellisSecure the trellis to thestructure to fix it morestrongly.
Photo 1: Example of securing the trellis ceilingand structure (viewed from beneath)

Photo 2: Trellis (viewed from beneath)49III Windows/glass and windowpanes
1) Hardened putty
Gymnasium

Facility
School building

MethodVisual/manipulation

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneralIs hardened putty not used to fix glass in fixed windows?
■Commentary- If hardened putty is used to fix glass in a fixed window, the glass is constrained and at high risk of
breakage due to the shock of an earthquake.
- The hardening of the bead (cushion material to fix glass) due to aging also increases the risk ofglass breakage, just like hardened putty does.
-

Use elastic sealant to modify fixed windows that use hardened putty.

Glossary
Fixed window
A window that is made by fixing glass in a frame andthat cannot be opened.

Beware of inelastic
hardened putty.

Glazing bead

Frame
Putty

Setting block
Figure 1: Blazing bead method

Reference

Photo 1: Broken glass[2002 Report], [Guide for construction], [Handbook], [Examples]

Topic for reference
The use of hardened sealing is prohibited when installing a fixed window (excluding wire glass) in an
outdoor-facing curtain wall of a building three or more stories tall, excluding the basement (excluding
cases where measures are taken to prevent harm caused by falling glass). (Notification of the Ministryof Construction No. 109 on January 29, 1971). Because this provision has been applied since April 1,
1979, through a revision of the announcement, buildings constructed before the date require special
attention.

50

Topic for reference
If any deformation in the structure caused by the shock of an earthquake directly acted through afitting on the glass of a fixed window, the glass might break. Therefore, it is necessary to ensuresufficient edge clearance and margin around the glass embedded in the frame, while taking sufficientgroove depth in the frame to avoid constraint that could break the glass during an earthquake.
Glass pane
Sealant
Backup material

Margin of
the glass inthe frame
Edge
clearance

Setting block

Figure 1: Deformation of the window due tothe shock of an earthquake

Ensure earthquake resistance (tolerance
to relative layer displacement),
reasonable glazing and the depth toinclude the setting block.
Figure 2: Elastic sealant method

Topic for reference
It is effective to use glass safety film under the advice of an expert* to prevent glass shards fromscattering.
To reduce damage due to breakage or scattering of glass installed in a high place, plants may be used
to prevent people from passing places where glass could fall onto them. A similar effect is expected
for protection against falling armoring material as well as glass.
*There is the risk of an entire block of glass falling together with the safety film.

Figure 1: Glass safety film

Figure 2/ Photo 2: Example of a device to prevent glass, etc. from falling over head(with planting)51

IV Outer walls (armoring material): Mortar
1) Separation, etc.
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisual/Visual(binocular)

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneralTimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are there no separations, deficiencies or cracks in the mortar?
■Commentary- Give priority to checking outdoor
parts exposed to rain and parts
over pathways.
- Cracks indicate possible hollows
in the periphery. If the hollow is
continuous, the material could
fall off at the time of anearthquake.

Photo 1: Mortar fell off the wall2) Hollows
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisual/Sounding

Daily

Are there no hollows under the mortar?
■Commentary- If there are many cracks or the facility is old, check for hollows, etc. by sounding, etc.
- If there is a hollow under mortar, sounding will produce dull sound (resonant sound if there are no
hollows.)-

If a hollow is found under the mortar, consult an expert and reinforce with an anchor pin, etc. orrepair the armoring material as needed.
Glossary
Hollow under mortar
Mortar is partly detached from thesubstrate, but the strength of the mortar
itself prevents falling.

Anchor pin

Outer wallconcrete

Hollow
Mortar finish

Interior
finishmaterial

Figure 1: Hollow under mortar and example of measure

Reference

52[2002 Report], [Guide for construction], [Handbook]

Epoxy
injection

IV Outer walls (armoring material): Mortar on a metal lath1) Separation, etc.
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisual/Visual(binocular)/Sounding

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneralIs none of the mortar on a metal lath falling, deficient, cracked or arched?
■Commentary- Because mortar on a metal lath is usually used for the underside of eaves, etc, the metal lath tends
to rust, leading to the mortar falling.
- If part of the lath has rusted and come off, sounding produces a low-pitch sound that indicates ahollow.
- Even a minor crack, arch, etc. in mortar on a metal lath could cause a large plate-formed mass tofall due to the shock of an earthquake.
-

Because there is the risk of a large plate-formed mass falling and causing damage to a large area,
consult an expert and repair armoring material, for example, remove mortar from the metal lath asneeded.
Glossary
Mortar on a metal lathMortar grounding or finish over a substrate such as ametal lath or wire lathMortarSubstrateboard

Wire lathing(metal lath)Asphalt felt

Photo 1: Mortar has fallen from the metal lath

Reference

Figure 1: Example of mortar on a metal lath construction[2002 Report], [Guide for construction], [Handbook]53

IV Outer walls (armoring material): Tiling
1) Separation, etc.
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisual/Visual(binocular)

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are any tiles falling, deficient, or cracked?
■Commentary- Check for cracks in joints and tiles.
- Cracks indicate possible hollows in the periphery. If a hollow is continuous, the material could fall
off during an earthquake.

2) Hollows
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisual /Sounding

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are there no hollows under a tile?
■Commentary- Check for hollows, etc. by sounding, etc. if there are many cracks or the tile is old.
- If there is a hollow under a tile, sounding will produce a dull sound (resonant sound if the there areno hollows.)-

If a hollow is found under a tile, consult an expert and reinforce it with an anchor pin, etc. orrepair the armoring material as needed.

Glossary

Epoxy
injection

Hollow under a tile
The tile is partly separated from thesubstrate but remains on the surface
without falling. Water seeps throughcracks, etc. in a joint or tile and gets
between the building frame and the tile,
producing a hollow.

Tile
Anchorpin

Hollow

SubstratemortarOuter wallconcrete

Figure 1: Example of tiling hollow and countermeasure

Reference

54[2002 Report], [Guide for construction]3) Masonry joint
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisual (binocular)

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are expansion adjustment joints installed at key points?
■Commentary- Tiles without expansion adjustment joints are more likely to produce cracks, which could lead tothe intrusion of rainwater and hollows under tiles, and cause separation.
-

If expansion adjustment joints are not found at key points, consult an expert and install them at
every 3 to 4 m, focusing on concrete placing joints and crack inducing joints, for example.
Glossary
Expansion adjustment joint
A masonry joint made to distribute andabsorb the stretching behavior of concrete

If the joint of the finishing material and that of thesubstrate are not aligned, the finishing material mightfall during an earthquake.

4) Efflorescence
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisual/Sounding

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneralIs there no efflorescence on a tile surface?
■Commentary- The development of efflorescence is asign of the intrusion of water, whichmight lead to the separation of tiles andcorrosion of reinforcing steel of thestructure.
- If efflorescence is found, check for the
possibility of separation of tiles bysounding, etc.

Reference

Glossary
Efflorescence
Elements of concrete or
mortar dissolve in water that
has intruded from theoutside, become dehydrated
on the surface and turned
white.

[Guide for construction]55

IV Outer walls (armoring material): Pre-cast concrete panels
1) Protrusion
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisual/Visual(binocular)

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are there no protrusions or uneven joint spacing?
■Commentary
Joint- If any protrusions in a PCa panel or unevenjoint spacing are found, there is the possibilityof deformation in the mounting part.
- If any protrusions in a PCa panel or unevenjoint spacing are found, it is recommended toconsult an expert and check the condition of
the fastener (mounting hardware for the PCa
panel.)

Rth floor

PCa panel
2nd floor

Glossary
PCa panel (Pre-cast concrete panel)Sound PCa
panel shows
even joint
spacing (about
25 mm)

Figure 1: Uneven joint spacing

A concrete panel cast in a factory in advance

Fastener
Steel hardware used to mount a PCa panel2) Mounting
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisual/Drawing

Daily

Are the PCa panels adequately supported by a fastener, etc?
■Commentary- Check whether the PCa panels are adequately supported
by a fastener, etc. using shop drawings, etc.
- If fasteners are not adequately installed, there is a risk of
breakage or protrusions in the panel edge, fastener
deformation, etc., leading to separation of the PCa panel.
-

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral★
PCa panel
Fastener
Loose hole
Floor

If fasteners are notadequately installed,consult an expert andmake modifications asneeded.
Structure
Fastener
Photo 1: Deficient PCa panel
Loose hole
Figure 1: Example of a fastener installation

Reference
56[2002 Report], [Guide for construction], [Handbook], [Examples]IV Outer walls (armoring material)/ ALC panels, etc.
1) Cracks, etc.
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisual/Visual(binocular)/Manipulation

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are no panels cracked, deficient, or loose? Is none of the mounting hardware corroded?
■Commentary- If any cracks, etc. are found in the outer wall, there may be a problem in terms of tolerance torelative story displacement.
- Check whether the mounting hardware of the ALC panel is adequately fixed to the structure
according to the mounting method.
-

If any cracks, etc. are found on the outer wall, there may be a problem in terms of tolerance torelative story displacement. Consult an expert and make modifications as needed.
Glossary
ALC panelLight concrete that is steam-cured under hightemperature and pressure in a factory

Relative story displacement
Horizontal shear between stories when a building
is deformed due to an external force such as anearthquake

Photo 2: A fallen ALC panel

Photo 1: Shear in an ALC panel

2) Tolerance to relative story displacement
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisual/Drawing

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneralIs a method with high tolerance to relative story displacement used? ★
■Commentary- If ALC panels are installed using thevertical wall reinforcement method (often
used in buildings constructed before
2000), there is a risk of cracked joints,
breakages or protrusions in the panels
during an earthquake, leading toseparation of the panels.
-

If panels are installed using the verticalwall reinforcement method, consult anexpert and, if the deformation volume of
the building is considerable, makemodifications using a mounting methodwith high tolerance to relative story
displacement as needed.

Reference

ALC panel
Ensure a joint widththat prevents panelsfrom colliding due
to relative story
displacement during
an earthquake

Fastener
Fixing bolt

Mounting
hardware

Seal

Structure

Figure 1: Example of a mounting method with hightolerance to relative story displacement (Locking method)[2002 Report], [Guide for construction], [Handbook], [Examples]57

IV Outer walls (armoring material): Glass block
1) Protrusion
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisual (binocular)

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are there no out-of-plane protrusions in the glass block wall?
■Commentary- Glass block methods that have been used recently are less subject to seismic force anddeformation of surrounding walls, whereas conventional methods provide less tolerance to relative
story displacement and resistance to out-of-plane force.
- If any protrusions are found in a large glass block wall, there is the risk that a large part of theglass block will collapse.
-

In the case of a large glass block wall or one installed in a high place, consult an expert andexamine the need for measures considering the deformation volume of the building during anearthquake and the specifications of the glass block.
If any protrusions are found, make modifications as needed, including modifications of armoringmaterials in addition to those of the glass block.

-

Glossary
Protrusion
A part coming forward as if itwere pushed out

The joint withthe structure isdamaged.

Structure

Metal
frame
Masonry joint

Special attention is required if the wall isinstalled over a pathway

Glass block

Photo 1: Out-of-plane protrusion due to an earthquake2) Deficiency, etc.
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisual/Visual(binocular)

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are no glass blocks deficient or cracked? Are no masonry joints damaged?
■Commentary- Check for large cracks though multiple blocks and small cracks in corner blocks.
- Because masonry joints are subject to the load of earthquakes, there is a possibility that they havebeen damaged by previous small and medium-scale earthquakes.
Reference

58[2002 Report], [Handbook]IV Outer walls (armoring material): Concrete block1) Deficiency, etc.
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisualDaily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are no concrete blocks deficient or cracked? Are no masonry joints damaged?
■Commentary- Concrete block partition walls are often used for changing rooms next to a swimming pool.
- Pay special attention to concrete block partition walls facing a pathway.
- Check for large cracks through multiple blocks and small cracks in corner blocks.
- Carry out a detailed check if the concrete blocks are tilted or the entire wall is leaning (retaining
wall, etc.)- Because masonry joints are subject to the load of earthquakes, there is a possibility that they havebeen damaged by previous small and medium-scale earthquakes.
-

If any deficiencies, etc. are found in the concrete blocks, consult an expert and make modifications
as needed, including modifications of armoring materials other than concrete blocks.

ColumnBulging
BeamApparent
tilting

Block wall
Figure 1: Bulging of concrete blocks

Reference

Photo 1: Fallen concrete blocks[2002 Report], [Guide for construction], [Handbook], [Examples]592) Specification
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisual/Drawing

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneralIs the concrete block curtain wall (partition wall) installed according to adequate specifications?
★
■Commentary- Pay special attention to concrete block partition walls facing a pathway.
- It is recommended to check the following points concerning the safety of a concrete block wall
during seismic diagnosis of the structure.

[Key checking items]- Thickness of the block wall, amount of reinforcing bars
and anchorage to surrounding frame- Constraint of the top of the block wall by circumferential
girder, reinforced concrete wall, etc.
- Examination of earthquake resistance based on the
structural calculation, etc.

3) Execution
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisualDaily

TimingRegularSpecialWas the concrete block curtain wall (partition wall) installed well?

General★

■Commentary- Pay special attention to concrete block curtain walls (partition walls) facing a pathway.
- It is recommended to check the following to assess the adequacy of the execution to ensure thestrength of the concrete block curtain walls (partition walls).

[Key checking items]- Joints are filled with mortar.
- Concrete blocks are built up robustly to the top.
- Vertical reinforcement is anchored to the upper reinforced
concrete girder, etc.

Reference

60[Guide for construction]

V Inner walls (interior material): Mortar
1) Installation in high places
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisual (binocular)/
Drawing

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneralIs there no plastered inner wall in a high place?
■Commentary- Because plastered inner walls in a high place could fall down and cause great damage during anearthquake, it is necessary to check 2) and 3) below.

2) Separation
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisual/Visual(binocular)

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are there no separations, deficiencies or cracks in the mortar?
■Commentary- Cracks indicate possible
hollows in the periphery.
If the hollows are continuous,
the material could fall off
during an earthquake.
Photo 1: Mortar fell off an inner wall

Photo 2: Mortar fell off the wall(under a stairway)

3) Hollows
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisual/Sounding

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are there no hollows under the mortar?
■Commentary- If there are many cracks or the facility is old, check for hollows,
etc. by sounding, etc.
- If there is a hollow under the mortar, sounding will produce adull sound (resonant sound if there are no hollows.)-

Glossary
Hollow under mortar:
The mortar is partly detached fromthe substrate but the strength ofthe mortar itself prevents it fromfalling.

If any hollows are found under the mortar, consult an expert andreinforce the mortar with anchor pins, etc. or repair the armoringmaterial, for example remove some mortar as needed.

Reference[2002 Report], [Guide for construction], [Handbook]61

V Inner walls (interior material): Finish board
1) Large walls
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisual /Drawing

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneralIs a large wall installed?
■Commentary- If a wall in the front part of a stage in a gymnasiumor a wall in a multi-story hall of a school building,etc. falls at the time of an earthquake, it could cause
serious damage.
- Check the surface of walls in a high place, inparticular, for danger of a planar fall due to theshock of an earthquake.
- A wall in the front part of a stage is vulnerable totremors in an out-of-plane direction. Furthermore, asteel construction that suffers a large deformation
during an earthquake would not be able to follow
the tremor of the earthquake, causing the finish
board to separate from the wall on the front part ofthe stage.

Photo 1: Separation of finish board2) Bulging, etc.
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisual/Visual(binocular)/ manipulation

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneralIs the board not bulging, loose, sheared or uneven?
■Commentary- Because weak base material sometimes causes finish board to bulge, check for out-of-planebulging or loosening of the finish board.
- In particular, elements with a large supporting span, such as wall in the front part of a stage, arelikely to generate shearing in the finish board (including planar irregularity.)-

If a finish board is bulging, sheared, etc., consult an expert andreinforce the base material or modify the finish board asneeded.

Boards fell off

Glossary
Bulging
Out-of-plane bulging

Photo 1: Uneven finish board

Reference
62

Photo 2: Wood wool cement boards fell.

[2002 Report], [Guide for construction], [Handbook]V Inner walls (interior material): Finish board*See “IV Outer walls (armoring material)”*Attention is necessary because concrete blocks are often used for rest room partitions and aroundspaces for pipes.
TopicsLaws concerning the earthquake resistance of nonstructural members
Order for Enforcement of the Building Standards Act (excerpt)(Order No. 338 of November 16, 1950) (Final revision: Order No. 338 of October 31, 2008)(Securing of roofing, etc.)
Article 39 Roofing, interior material, armoring material, curtain walls and other similar parts of buildings, aswell as advertising towers, decoration towers and other objects attached to buildings shall be installed in amanner that prevents them from falling due to wind pressure or the tremors or impact of an earthquake,etc.
2. For the roofing structures, armoring material and curtain walls facing outside, the structural method
deemed by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport as safe in terms of structural bearing force
shall be adopted.
Structural method for roofing, etc. based on the provision of article 39, paragraph 2 of the Order for
Enforcement of the Building Standards Act (excerpt)(Public Notice of the Ministry of Construction No. 109 on January 29, 1971) (Final revision: Public noticeof the Ministry of Construction No. 1348 on May 23, 2000)
1.

2.

3.

Roofing shall fulfill the following requirements:(1) Roofing shall be secured to balks, beams, girders, roofing boards or other similar structural elements toprevent falling or lifting due to the load or external force;(2) If roofing, securing hardware or other similar elements are at risk of corrosion or decay, effective
measures shall be taken to prevent corrosion or decay;(3) Every roof tile up to the second row from the eave or verge, and every second roof tile in other places in
the ridge shall be secured to the substrate using copper wire, steel wire, nails, etc., or with a method
equally or more effective to prevent separation.
Armoring material shall fulfill the following requirements:(1) Stone ornaments, stone masonry, or similar elements on a part of a building facing outside shall be
secured to a frame, wall, pillar or other key element for structural strength using bolts, clamps, copper
wire or other hardware;(2) Tiles or similar elements on a part of a building facing outside shall be secured to a substrate using
hardware, including copper wire and nails, or adhesive agents, including mortar.
The outside-facing curtain wall of a building more than three-stories tall excluding the basement story shallfulfill the following requirements:(1) The curtain wall and its supporting structure shall be attached to the key element for structural strength
to prevent separation due to load or external force;(2) A curtain wall that uses precast concrete panels shall be movable at the supporting structure at its top or
bottom part; excluding the cases where it is confirmed by structural calculation or experiments that said
curtain wall and its supporting structure will not suffer significant deformation;(3) Lath sheets, wire laths or metal laths used for a curtain wall plastered using wire mesh shall conform toJapanese Industrial Standards (hereinafter referred to as “JIS”) A5524 (Lath sheets (angular wave
galvanized steel sheet laths))-1994, JIS A5504 (Wire laths)-1994 or JIS A5505 (Metal laths)-1995
respectively or have equal or surpassing performance, and be secured to puncheon, furring strips orother base material.
(4) When installing a permanently set door with a glass window (excluding wire-reinforced glass) as a
curtain wall, hardened sealant shall not be used; excluding, however, the cases where measures aretaken to prevent safety hazards due to falling glass.
(5) An outdoor-facing curtain wall of a building taller than 31 m (excluding the parts that are lower than 31
m and not subject to the impact of the structural strength of the parts higher than 31 m) shall not fall due
to relative story displacement of 0.66 % of its height; excluding the cases where structural calculation
confirmed that the curtain wall will not fall.

63

VI Equipment items: Broadcast equipment/Athletic instruments
1) Mounting parts (securing)
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisualTimingRegularSpecial

Daily

General

Are broadcast equipment and athletic instruments secured to supporting material?
■Commentary- Heavy broadcast equipment placed in highplaces, such as speakers, and athletic
instruments, such as basket goals, would be
dangerous if they fell due to the shock of anearthquake.

Photo 1: broadcast equipment in a gymnasium2) Mounting hardware
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisual/manipulation

TimingRegularSpecial

Daily

GeneralIs none of the mounting hardware loose, corroded or broken?
■Commentary- If any mounting hardware is found to be loose, theequipment item could fall off due to the shock of anearthquake.

Photo 1: Basket goal attached toceiling

Reference

64

The support of thebasket goal was
detached due to theshock of an earthquake
and fell to the floor
together with thebasket goal.

Broken panel[2002 Report], [Handbook], [Examples]

Photo 2: Fallen basket goal

VI Equipment items: Air conditioner outdoor units
1) Mounting parts (securing)
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisualDaily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are air conditioner outdoor units secured to supporting material?
■Commentary- Air conditioner outdoor units installed on an eave or balcony might fall off due to the shock of anearthquake if they are not secured to supporting material. Give priority to checking units installedover a pathway.
-

If you have any questions about the installation of an air conditioner outdoor unit, including the incases where it is not certain whether the unit is secured or not, consult an expert and examine theneed for measures.

Photo 1: Air conditioner outdoor unit installed over a pathway

Photo 2: Air conditioner outdoor unit tumbled and fell.

2) Mounting parts (deformation, etc.)
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisual/manipulation

Daily

TimingRegularSpecialGeneral

Are there no deformed, corroded or broken mounting parts?
■Commentary- The corrosion of anchor bolts used for mounting to the structure leads to poor strength with therisk of separation during an earthquake.
- If any mounting part or mounting bolt of an air conditioner outdoor unit is found to be deformed,
corroded or broken, there is the risk of the unit moving and falling off.

Reference[2002 Report], [Examples]65

VII Televisions, etc.: Hanging TVs/ air conditioners
1) Mounting parts (securing)
Facility
Gymnasium
School building

MethodVisual/manipulation

Daily

TimingRegularSpecial

Are hanging TV racks and hanging air conditioners secured to the structure?

General★

■Commentary- Heavy objects such as CRT televisions shall be hungdirectly from the structure in principle.
- Check for anomalies, including leaning equipment and otherunstable mounting, which causes swinging when pushed byhand or generates an abnormal sound.
-

If there are anomalies in mounted equipment, consult anexpert and examine the need for measures.
Photo 1: Hanging TV

Structure
Hanging material

Post-construction
anchorPhoto 2: Fallen hanging TV

Ceiling
material

Photo 3: Hanging air conditioner

Figure 1: Example of installation of a hanging television
Photo 4: Fallen hanging air conditioner

Reference

66[2002 Report], [Examples](3) Inspection check lists-

Inspection check lists to be used for the inspection covered in pages 22–66 are shown in pages
67–73.
Use them according to the situation of your school, etc. *Electronic data is posted on the Websiteof the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology:
http:/www.mext.go.jp./a_menu/shisetsu/syuppan/1291462.html<Example of description>

Inspection check list (for schools)
Enter the name of the person filling in
the form and the date of inspection for
Inspection check list (for eachschools)room inspected.
<<Inspection result>>

Filled-in by

A: no abnormalities found, or measures have been taken

Date ofinspection

B: could not judge whether or not there are abnormalities

Inspected site
(Circle applicable
item)

C: An obvious abnormality was foundGymnasium
Classroom
Special class room
Corridor Foyer
Outside
Other

Room
name

Story
Deterioration status *Put O in the applicable box- Stained- Rusty- Rotten- Cut- Torn- Broken- Cracked- Bulging- Soft- Fell out- Rickety- Bent- Distorted- Sagging- Leaning

Page for ref.

Inspection item

No.

- Out of alignment- Hanging- Dangling- Ready to fall

off Deformation
Alteration
WriteFalling
matters
worthSeparation
special Breakage
mention,such as specific points of abnormality.

Inspection
result(A, B, C)※Circleapplicable letter

Special remarks(Specifics of abnormal point,
situation, etc. )Ⅰ． Ceilings(1) Ceilings

Are there no abnormalities, such as
breakage, in the ceiling material (finish
board)?

22

A・B・C

22

A・B・C

Ⅱ． Lighting equipment
Are there no abnormalities, such as(1) Lighting equipment deformation or corrosion, in lighting
equipment?
Ⅲ． Windows/glass

Put a circle in the boxes forthe degradation
found.
Are there no abnormalities, such as cracks,

23

A・B・C

Periphery of(2)windowpanes

Are there no objects that are near awindow and might hit the windowpane?

23

A・B・C

(3) Fittings

Are there no deformations (deflections),
corrosions or looseness in any fittings?

24

A・B・C

(4) Sash fasteners

Are the sash fasteners of windows notfastened??

24

A・B・C

(1) Windowpanesin the windowpanes?

Ⅳ． Outer walls (armoring material)

Regardingboxes with a diagonal line,
Outer walls
Are there no abnormalities, such as cracks,
25(armoring material) in outer walls?
theapplicable degradation is not
Ⅴ． Inner walls (interior material)assumed,so don’t fill in those boxes.
Inner walls (interior Are there no abnormalities, such as cracks,
(1)

(1)

material)

25

A・B・C

26

A・B・C

Are no air conditioner outdoor units tilted? 26

A・B・C

in inner walls??

Ⅵ． Equipment items
BroadcastIs the main unit not leaning? Is the(1) equipment /athletic mounting bracket not corroded, broken,
instruments
etc??
(2)

Air conditioner
outdoor units

A・B・C

Ⅶ． Televisions, etc.

Circle one among A to C basedon the overall judgment of theabnormality stated in the“degradation” box.

(1) Hanging televisions

Is the television unit fixed to the hanging
rack?

27

Televisions placed(2)
on a shelf

Have any measures been taken to preventthe television from tumbling or falling?

27(3) TV racks

Have any measures been taken to prevent
the TV rack from moving or tumbling?

28

A・B・C

(4) PC

Have any measures been taken to prevent
computer equipment from tumbling or
falling?

28

A・B・C

Bookcases, lockers, Are bookcases, etc. secured to a wall or the29
etc.
floor using mounting hardware?

A・B・C

A・B・C
A・B・C

Ⅷ． Storage racks, etc.
(1)67Inspection check list (for schools)<<Inspection result>>

Filled-in by

A: no abnormalities found, or measures have been taken

Date ofinspection

B: could not judge whether or not there are abnormalities

Inspected site
(Circle applicable
item)

C: An obvious abnormality was foundGymnasium
Classroom
Special class room
Corridor Foyer
Outside
Other

Room
name

Story
Deterioration status *Put O in the applicable box

Falling off

Separation

Breakage

Alteration- Stained- Rusty- Rotten- Cut- Torn- Broken- Cracked- Bulging- Soft- Fell out- Rickety- Bent- Distorted- Sagging- Leaning

Page for ref.

- Out of alignment- Hanging- Dangling- Ready to fall

Inspection item

No.

Deformation

Inspection
result(A, B, C)※Circleapplicable letter

Ⅰ． Ceilings
Are there no abnormalities, such as
breakage, in the ceiling material (finish
board)?

22

A・B・C

22

A・B・C

Are there no abnormalities, such as cracks,
23
in the windowpanes?

A・B・C

Are there no objects that are near awindow and might hit the windowpane?

23

A・B・C

(3) Fittings

Are there no deformations (deflections),
corrosions or looseness in any fittings?

24

A・B・C

(4) Sash fasteners

Are the sash fasteners of windows notfastened??

24

A・B・C

Outer walls
Are there no abnormalities, such as cracks,
25(armoring material) in outer walls?

A・B・C(1) Ceilings
Ⅱ． Lighting equipment

Are there no abnormalities, such as(1) Lighting equipment deformation or corrosion, in lighting
equipment?
Ⅲ． Windows/glass(1) Windowpanes(2)

Periphery of
windowpanes

Ⅳ． Outer walls (armoring material)(1)

Ⅴ． Inner walls (interior material)(1)

Inner walls (interior Are there no abnormalities, such as cracks,
25
material)
in inner walls??

Ⅵ． Equipment items
BroadcastIs the main unit not leaning? Is the(1) equipment /athletic mounting bracket not corroded, broken,
instruments
etc??

A・B・C

26

A・B・C

Are no air conditioner outdoor units tilted? 26

A・B・C(1) Hanging televisions

Is the television unit fixed to the hanging
rack?

27

A・B・C

Televisions placedon a shelf

Have any measures been taken to preventthe television from tumbling or falling?

27

A・B・C

(3) TV racks

Have any measures been taken to prevent
the TV rack from moving or tumbling?

28

A・B・C

(4) PC

Have any measures been taken to prevent
computer equipment from tumbling or
falling?

28

A・B・C

Bookcases, lockers, Are bookcases, etc. secured to a wall or the29
etc.
floor using mounting hardware?

A・B・C

(2)

Air conditioner
outdoor units

Ⅶ． Televisions, etc.

(2)

Ⅷ． Storage racks, etc.
(1)

Are there no heavy objects placed on
bookshelves, etc?

30

A・B・C

31

A・B・C

31

A・B・C

Have any measures been taken to prevent
pianos from skidding or tumbling?

33

A・B・C

Are there no deformations in material
covering expansion joints? Are no piecesof such material coming off??

34

A・B・C

Expansion joints
Are there no objects placed on expansion
and their periphery joints or in their surroundings?

34

A・B・C

(2) Items on a shelf

Have any measures been taken to prevent(3) Racks for chemicals racks for chemicals from moving or
tumbling?
Have any measures been taken to prevent
Items in a rack for
drug containers, etc. from breaking or(4)chemicalsfalling out?
Ⅸ． Pianos, etc.
(1) Pianos, etc.
Ⅹ． Expansion joints(1) Covering material

(2)

68

Special remarks(Specifics of abnormal point,
situation, etc. )Inspection check list (for school establishers)
School name

Inspected Job title:
by
Name:

<Inspection result> A: no abnormalities found, or measures have been taken
B: could not judge whether or not there are abnormalities
C: an obvious abnormality was found※
Page forref.

Inspection item

Give the name of the school
and the writer.

For this part, use Form 2, on pp 71-73, based on the "Items inspected by school establisher" listed from p 35.

Inspection method
VisualLastinspected
on

Inspection result
School(report)

Provider Expert

Items inspected by the school e

Ceilings

Are there no abnormalities, such as
breakage, in the ceiling material(finish board)?

22

C ※ ※

Lighting
equipment

Sounding
Manipulatio DrawingnCeilings

Visual(binoculars))

Lighting
equipment

Are there no abnormalities, such as
deformation or corrosion, in lighting
equipment?

22

※ ※

Windows/glass

Are there no abnormalities, such as
Put a circle Windowpanesin the boxes
for thecracks, in the windowpanes?
inspection methods adopted
and
Are there no objects that are near a
Periphery ofand might hit thefill in the dateof thewindow
inspection.
windowpanes
windowpane?
Fittings

Are there no deformations(deflections), corrosions or loosenessin any fittings?

BA

23

23

24

Outer walls Inner walls(armoring (interiormaterial) material)

Equipment items

After receiving
reportfromnotthe school, enter the
Are the sashafasteners
of windows
Sash fasteners
24
results of fastened?
the inspection by the school in theOuter walls
Are there no abnormalities,“school(report)”box. Insuch
theas “school
establisher”(armoring25
cracks, in outer walls?
material)
or“expert” box, enter the results of the inspection
Inner walls
Are there
no abnormalities,
such establisher,as
implementedbythe schooletc. as(interior25
cracks, in inner walls?
material)
needed,based on the results of the inspection by
Is the main unit not leaning? Is the
Broadcasttheschool.
equipment/athletic mounting bracket not corroded,
26

※ ※
※ ※
※ ※
For this part, the schoolis expected to※ establisher※
implement a detailed
inspection using Form 2.

instruments
broken,etc? by the school is made using a check*Becausethereportsheet
for eachroom,
the schoolneeds toAir conditioner
Are noair conditioner
outdoorestablisher
units
26
outdoor units thetilted?sheets.
coordinate

page forref.

Inspection item

Special remarks(name of the building/room, state of themembers, etc.)

Inspection method
Visual(binoculars)

VisualLast

Inspection result
SchoolProvider Expert(report)Special remarks(name of the building/room, state of themember, etc.)

BA

Are hang bolts installed at intervals of 900 mm orless and secured to supporting material?

M

Ceilings

inspection
Sounding
Manipulatio Drawing
on
n

35

Hang bolts
Are hang bolts secured to supporting
material?
Is there more than one pair of steady braces

both directions)?
installed every
Put a circle
in12–30m
the (inboxesforAre steady braces
installed in boththe inspection
methods
directions?
adopted and fill in the date
Clearance ofof the inspection.
periphery2

Steady braces

Is there a clearance of 5–10 cm between the edge of theceiling material and the surrounding wall in accordancewith the size of the ceiling space?

Clearance at
steps

36

37

Is there clearance at steps in theceiling?
Is there clearance at joints of two partsof different sizes (on a plane) in theceiling?

Enter the results of inspection in the“school establisher” box and, if anadditional detailed inspection isconducted by an expert, enter the
results in the “expert” box.

38

Is the ceiling material solidly bound to
furring strips?

Base material

Are furring strips secured to furring
strip supports?

39

Are furring strip supports secured tohang bolts?

69

Inspection Check List (for school establishers)
School name
<Inspection result> A: no abnormalities found, or measures have been taken
B: could not judge whether or not there are abnormalities
C: an obvious abnormality was found

For this part, use Form 2, on pp 71-73, based on the "Items inspected by school establisher" listed from p 35.

Inspection method
Visual(binoculars))

VisualSounding
Manipulatio DrawingnLastinspected
on

Inspection result
School(report)

Provider Expert

Ceilings

Are there no abnormalities, such as
breakage, in the ceiling material(finish board)?

22

※ ※

Lighting
equipment

Lighting
equipment

Are there no abnormalities, such as
deformation or corrosion, in lighting
equipment?

22

※ ※

Windowpanes

Are there no abnormalities, such as
cracks, in the windowpanes?

23

Windows/glass

Items inspected by the school e

Ceilings

Are there no objects that are near a
Periphery of
window and might hit thewindowpanes
windowpane?
Are there no deformations(deflections), corrosions or loosenessFittings
in any fittings?

23

24

Outer walls Inner walls(armoring (interiormaterial) material)

Equipment items
Televisions, etc.

Sash fasteners

Are the sash fasteners of windows not24
fastened?

Outer walls(armoringmaterial)

Are there no abnormalities, such as
cracks, in outer walls?

25

※ ※

Inner walls(interiormaterial)

Are there no abnormalities, such as
cracks, in inner walls?

25

※ ※

Is the main unit not leaning? Is the
Broadcastequipment /athletic mounting bracket not corroded,
instruments
broken, etc?

26

※ ※

Air conditioner Are no air conditioner outdoor units
outdoor units tilted?

26

※ ※

Hanging
televisions

Is the television unit fixed to thehanging rack?

27

Televisions
placed on a
shelf

Have any measures been taken toprevent the television from tumblingor falling?
Have any measures been taken toprevent the TV rack from moving or
tumbling?
Have any measures been taken toprevent computer equipment fromtumbling or falling?

TV racks

PCs

27

28

28

Storage racks, etc.

Bookcases,
lockers, etc.

Are bookcases, etc. secured to a wall29
or the floor using mounting hardware?

Items on ashelf

Are there no heavy objects placed on
bookshelves, etc?

Pianos,etc.
Expansion joints

Have any measures been taken to
Racks forprevent racks for chemicals fromchemicals
moving or tumbling?
Have any measures been taken to
Items in a rack
prevent drug containers, etc. fromfor chemicals
breaking or falling out?
Have any measures been taken to
Pianos, etc.
prevent pianos from skidding or
tumbling?
Are there no deformations in material
Covering
covering expansion joints? Are nomaterialpieces of such material coming off?
Are there no objects placed on
Expansion joints
and their periphery expansion joints or in theirsurroundings?

※Add any new inspection items in the blank spaces.

70※
Page forref.

Inspection item

Inspected Job title:
by
Name:

30

31

31

33

34

34

Special remarks(name of the building/room, state of themembers, etc.)

<<Inspection result>> A: no abnormality found or measures are taken
B: could not judge whether or not there is abnormality
C: Obvious abnormality was foundpage forref.

Inspection item

Inspection method
Visual(binoculars)

VisualLastinspection
Sounding
Manipulatio Drawing
onnInspection result
SchoolProvider Expert(report)Special remarks(name of the building/room, state of themember, etc.)

Are hang bolts installed at intervals of 900 mm orless and secured to supporting material?

Hang bolts

35
Are hang bolts secured to supporting
material?
Is there more than one pair of steady braces
installed every 12–30m2 (in both directions)?

Steady braces

36
Are steady braces installed in both
directions?

Clearance atsteps

Is there a clearance of 5–10 cm between the edge of theceiling material and the surrounding wall in accordancewith the size of the ceiling space?

37

Is there clearance at steps in theceiling?
Is there clearance at joints of two partsof different sizes (on a plane) in theceiling?

38

Is the ceiling material solidly bound to
furring strips?

Base material

Are furring strips secured to furring
strip supports?

39

Are furring strip supports secured tohang bolts?

Ceilings

Items inspected by the school provider

Metal-base ceiling

Clearance of
periphery

Ceiling material(ceiling finish
board)

Are there no shears, cracks or waterleak stains on the ceiling material?

41

Base material Are there no signs of decay in the wooden basematerial or cracks (in the ends of lumber) in the(decay, etc.)
ceiling material?

42

Wood-base ceiling

Are tsurigi (long, narrow strips of wood toprovide support for a suspended board), etc.
secured to supporting material?

Base material(securing, etc.) Are none of the nails or screws used toattach ceiling finish board loose or
corroded??

42

Are there no shears, cracks or water-leak traces in
the ceiling material, or significant deformation of
the ceiling plane?

42

Ceiling
material

Are there any shears, cracks or waterleak stains in the wood wool cement
boards?

43

Mortar

Are there no cement plastered parts on
the ceiling?

43

Mortar(falling, etc.)

Is there no flaking, deficiency or
cracking in the mortar?

44

Mortar(hollow, etc.)

Are there no hollows under the mortar? 44

Hanging type

Hanging
material

Is the hanging material of the lighting
45
equipment secured to support material?

Mounting
hardware

Are no screws, etc. of the mounting
hardware used for attaching ceilingfinish board corroded or loose?

46

Direct mount

Mounting parts(securing, etc.)

Is lighting equipment secured tosupporting material?

47

Direct ceiling

Ceiling material(ceiling finish
board)

Windows/gla
ss

Embedded in the ceiling material Windowpanes

Lighting equipment

Are no mounting parts of lighting
Mounting partsequipment cracked, deformed, corroded 47(cracks, etc.)
or loose?
Is the hanging material adequately
Hanging
installed and secured to supporting48
materialmaterial?
Are no mounting parts of lighting
Mounting partsequipment cracked, deformed, corroded 49(cracks, etc.)
or loose?
Surrounding
ceiling
material

Are there no deformations or shears in
the ceiling material surrounding
lighting equipment?

49

Hardened putty

Is hardened putty not used to fix glassin fixed windows?

50

71

<<Inspection result>> A: no abnormality found or measures are taken
B: could not judge whether or not there is abnormality
C: Obvious abnormality was foundpage forref.

Inspection item
Are there no separations, deficiencies
or cracks in the mortar?

Hollows

Are there no hollows under the mortar? 52

Separation, etc.

Is none of the mortar on a metal lathfalling, deficient, cracked or arched?

53

Separation, etc.

Are any tiles falling, deficient, or
cracked?

54

Hollows

Are there no hollows under a tile?

54

Masonry joints

Are expansion adjustment joints
installed at key points?

55

Efflorescence

Is there no efflorescence on a tile
surface?

55

Protrusion

Are there no protrusions or uneven joint
56
spacing?

Mounting

Are the PCa panels adequately
supported by a fastener, etc?

Mortar

Separation, etc.

52

Mortar on
metal lathing

TilingPre-cast concrete panels

ALC panels, etc.

Outer walls (armoring material)

56

Are no panels cracked, deficient, or
loose?
57

Cracks, etc.
Is none of the mounting hardware
corroded?
Tolerance torelative story
displacement

Is a method with high tolerance torelative story displacement used?

Protrusion

Are there no out-of-plane protrusions in58
the glass block wall?

Glass blocks

Deficiency,
etc.

57

Are no glass blocks deficient or
cracked?
58
Are no masonry joints damaged?

Concrete blocks
MortarFinish boards

Inner walls (interior material)

Concrete blocks

72

Deficiencies,etc.

Are no concrete blocks deficient or
cracked?
59
Are no masonry joints damaged?

Specification

Is the concrete block curtain wall (partitionwall) installed according to adequate
specifications?

60

Execution

Was the concrete block curtain wall(partition wall) installed well?

60

Installation in Is there no plastered inner wall in ahigh placehigh place?

61

Separation, etc.

Are there no separations, deficiencies
or cracks in the mortar?

Hollows

Are there no hollows under the mortar? 61

Large walls

Is a large wall installed?

Bulging

Is the board not bulging, loose, sheared62
or uneven?

Deficiency,
etc.

61

62

Are there no deficiencies or cracks inconcrete blocks?
63
Are none of the masonry joints forconcrete blocks damaged?

Specification

Is the concrete block curtain wall (partitionwall) installed according to adequate
specifications?

63

Execution

Was the concrete block curtain wall(partition wall) installed well?

63

Inspection method
Visual(binoculars)

VisualLastinspection
Sounding
Manipulatio Drawing
onnInspection result
SchoolProvider Expert(report)Special remarks(name of the building/room, state of themember, etc.)

<<Inspection result>> A: no abnormality found or measures are taken
B: could not judge whether or not there is abnormality
C: Obvious abnormality was foundpage forref.

Inspection item

Air conditioner outdoor units

Equipment items

Broadcast equipment/athletic instruments
Hanging
TVs/ airconditioner

Televisions,etc.

Mounting parts(securing)

Are broadcast equipment and athletic
instruments secured to supporting material?

64

Mounting
hardware

Is none of the mounting hardware
loose, corroded or broken?

64

Mounting parts(securing)

Are air conditioner outdoor units
secured to supporting material?

65

Mounting parts(deformation,etc.)

Are there no deformed, corroded or
broken mounting parts?

65

Mounting parts(securing)

Are hanging TV racks and hanging air
conditioners secured to the structure?

66

Inspection method
Visual(binoculars)

VisualLastinspection
Sounding
Manipulatio Drawing
onnInspection result
SchoolProvider Expert(report)Special remarks(name of the building/room, state of themember, etc.)※Add any extra inspection items in the blank spaces

73

5
-

Reference literature
National subsidy programs
Research and Surveys Relating Promotion of Earthquake Protection Measuresfor School Facilities’ Nonstructural Members, etc.

(1) National subsidy program for public school facility improvement
Large-scale remodeling project[Eligible schools] Elementary schools, lower secondary schools, first half of secondary education
school courses, schools for special needs education and kindergartens[Grant rate] one third in principle[Upper limit] 200 million yen (with some exceptions) for construction the cost of a facility
improvement plan
- Qualitative improvement[Eligible projects] facility improvement work for safety control[Lower limit] 10 million yen[Description of work] earthquake-resistance work, etc. for nonstructural members of buildings(conducted for safety control in a disaster; “nonstructural member” means amember other than an entire structure [main body, building frame] that is
subject of the structural design/calculation of the entire building)[Major examples]- Work to prevent outer walls and finishing material (mortar, tiles, ALC panels, etc.) fromseparating and falling- Work to prevent fittings and glass from falling- Work to prevent partition and interior materials from separating and falling (separation of interior
finishing material, etc.)- Work to prevent ceiling material (base material and ceiling board) and ceiling equipment (lighting
equipment, air conditioner, etc.) from falling- Work to prevent roofing (roof tiles, etc.) from falling- Work to prevent outdoor evacuation stairs from separating from the main body of the building- Work to prevent equipment units (air conditioner outdoor units, water-receiving tanks, water tanks
placed in a high place, etc.) from moving and tumbling- Work to prevent piping (water supply and drainage, gas pipes, electric cables, etc.) from breaking
and being cut- Work to prevent existing furniture, such as bookcases and lockers, from tumbling by fixing themto the building- Work that is necessary to ensure safety and an evacuation route during an earthquake- Dilapidation[Eligible project] work to refurbish an entire building that is 20 years old or older[Lower limit] 70 million yen (40 million yen for a kindergarten) (with some exceptions)[Description of work] In principle, any makeover, repair work, removal of existing equipment andrelated works as long as they don’t fall under the category of furniture74

(2) National subsidy program for private school facility improvement
Seismic strengthening[Eligible school] elementary schools, lower secondary schools, secondary education schools, schools
for special needs education, upper secondary schools, colleges of technology,
universities, and junior colleges[Eligible projects] work regarding seismic strengthening of a building with low earthquake resistance(with an I.S. value less than 0.7, for example)[Grant rate] University, junior college, college of technology: up to one half
Other school facility with an I.S. value less than 0.3: up to one half
Other facilities: up to one third[Description of work] installation, reinforcement, etc. of a structure, including earthquake
strengthening a wall, pillar and beam
[Related work] work that is made necessary by the above-mentioned work, including the modificationof an exterior, interior, etc. and makeover(3) Other grant programs
Comprehensive grant for social infrastructure development (project to build housing and safe
stock)[Eligible facility] architectural structures (facilities of a public higher secondary school, private school,
public university, etc.)[Eligible project] Seismic diagnosis of an architectural structure, seismic retrofitting (nonstructuralmembers are included only when their seismic strengthening is conducted at thesame time as that of the building frame)[Grant rate] Seismic diagnosis: one third by the state and one third by the local government*Building along an emergency transportation road implemented by the
local government: one half by the state
Seismic retrofitting: 11.5% by the state and 11.5% by the local government* Building along an emergency transportation road: one third by thestate and one third by the local government* Building along an evacuation route: one sixth by the state and one
sixth by the local government75

(4) Research and Surveys Relating Promotion of Earthquake Protection
Measures for School Facilities’ Nonstructural Members, etc.
The “Consultative Committee for Research and Surveys Relating Promotion of Earthquake Protection
Measures for School Facilities’ Nonstructural Members, etc.” (Head: Yoshiaki Nakano Professor,
Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo) carried out discussions on check items for theearthquake resistance of nonstructural members of school facilities and compiled the results into thisguidebook.

About Consultative Research and Surveys Relating Promotion of Earthquake Protection Measures for
School Facilities’ Nonstructural Members, etc.
Decided by the Director-General, Department of Facilities Planning and Administration
February 9, 2009
1 Purpose
The importance of preventing damage, such as collapsing school facilities, due to large-scale
earthquakes is receiving greater recognition, and earthquake protection measures for structures are
moving ahead steadily. Recent large-scale earthquakes, however, have often caused damage tononstructural members, for example falling ceiling or outer wall material and tumbling ancillaryfacilities and furniture, even when damage to the structure was insignificant.
Earthquake protection measures to prevent damage to nonstructural members, etc. are not sufficient
yet because schools and school establishers are less aware of the importance of measures they shouldtake.
In this context, research and surveys will be conducted to promote Earthquake Protection Measures for
nonstructural members in school facilities in the future.
2 Research and study items(1) Past examples of damage to nonstructural members, etc. in school facilities(2) Basic ideas for inspection of and measures for nonstructural members, etc. in school facilities(3) Concrete tactics to promote Earthquake Protection Measures for nonstructural members, etc. inschool facilities(4) Others
2 Implementation method
Carry out research and a study on the items provided in 2 above with the cooperation of persons oflearning and experience listed in the exhibit.
The cooperation of other stakeholders may be requested as needed.
4 Implementation period
From February 9, 2009, to March 31, 2010
5 Others
General affairs concerning the research and study will be administered by the Office for Disaster
Prevention, Facilities Planning Division, Department of Facilities Planning and Administration,
Minister’s Secretariat

76

(Exhibit)
List of the members of the Consultative Committee for Research and Surveys Relating Promotion ofEarthquake Protection Measures for School Facilities’ Nonstructural Members, etc.
Name
Tsutomu Ishibashi
Takeshi Isoyama
Hiroshi Ito
O Yoshiaki Nakano
Masaru Fujimura
Yoshiaki Yazaki

Job title
Chief of the Facilities Unit, Educational General Affairs Department,
Nagaoka City Board of Education
Chief Research Officer, National Institute for Educational Policy
Research Educational Facilities Research Center
Director, Building Research Institute
Professor, Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo
Vice Manager of the Structure Unit, Design Department, Takenaka
Corporation, Tokyo OfficePrincipal, Itabashi-ku Takashima No. 1 Elementary School(Six persons in all, listed in the order of the Japanese syllabary. The O indicates the head of thecommittee)

List of the Working Group on Inspection Items of the Research and Surveys Relating Promotion ofEarthquake Protection Measures for School Facilities’ Nonstructural Members, etc.
Name
O Takeshi Isoyama
Kensuke Okada
Kohachiro Kirihara
Masaru Fujimura

Job title
Chief Research Officer, National Institute for Educational Policy
Research Educational Facilities Research Center
President, Architect Office AffectDirector of Technical Standard, Public Buildings Association, Ltd.
Vice Manager of the Structure Unit, Design Department, Takenaka
Corporation, Tokyo Office(Four persons in all, listed in the order of the Japanese syllabary. The O indicates the chairperson)77<Reference> List of sources
The Building Research Institution and the National Institute for Land and InfrastructureManagement
The figures and photographs listed in the table below are reproduced with the approval of the Director of the Building
Research Institution Planning Department (BRIP announcement No. 58 on March 12, 2010) or are reproduced from material
No. 415 and the Website of the National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management.
Page
6
41
22

39

7
37
66

Caption“Total separation ofceiling material”“Photo 2: Breakage ofceiling material”“Photo 1: Fallen lighting
equipment and ceilingmaterial”“Photo 2: Example of thestructure of a light-gauge
steel ceiling base”“Fallen partition wall”“Figure 2: Fallen ceilingmaterial of a corridor”“Photo 4: Fallen hanging
air conditioner”

36“Glossary: Steady brace”

57“Photo 1: Shear in an
ALC panel”

5
750“Photo 1: Broken glass”“Broken glass”“Photo 1: Broken glass”

41“Photo 4: Falling glass
wool board”

Source2007 Noto Peninsula earthquake building damage investigation report, the National Institutefor Land and Infrastructure Management (material No. 415) and the Building ResearchInstitution (material No. 107), October 2007
2007 Off-shore Mid-Niigata Pref. earthquake building damage investigation report, theNational Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management (material No. 430) and the
Building Research Institution (material No. 109), December 2007
Investigation report on the ceiling fall accident at Supopark Matsumori, the Ministry ofLand, Infrastructure and Transport Housing Bureau Building Guidance Division, theNational Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management, and the National Institute forLand and Infrastructure Management
http://www.kenken.go.jp./japanese/contents/activities/other/disaster/jishin/2006miyagi/hokoku.pdfFlash report on the implementation status of the field survey of the Noto Peninsula
earthquake and the earthquake for which the epicenter was at the center of Mie Pref.,National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management and Building ResearchInstitution, May 10, 2007
http://www.kenken.go.jp./japanese/contents/activities/other/disaster/jishin/2007noto/hokokus
ho/20070510/index.pdf
About the investigation concerning the Chuetsu Offshore earthquake, (3) Nonstructuralmembers and steel construction damage investigation, the National Institute for Land andInfrastructure Management and the Building Research Institution, October 2007
http://www.kenken.go.jp./japanese/contents/activities/other/disaster/jishin/2007niigata/hokok
usho/20070824/3.pdf
2008 Iwate/Miyagi inland earthquake building damage investigation report, (4) Damage tononstructural members, the National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management andthe Building Research Institution, September 2008
http://www.kenken.go.jp./japanese/contents/activities/other/disaster/jishin/2008iwate/hokoku
sho/20080904-1/4.pdf
Iwate Northern Coast earthquake building damage investigation report, (4) Nonstructuralmembers damage investigation report, the National Institute for Land and InfrastructureManagement and the Building Research Institution, September 2008
http://www.kenken.go.jp./japanese/contents/activities/other/disaster/jishin/2008iwate/hokoku
sho/20080904-2/4.pdf
March 24, 2001, Geiyo earthquake damage investigation report—Fallen ceiling in building
encompassing a large space, such as a gymnasium, the National Institute for Land andInfrastructure Management and the Building Research Institution, May 25, 2001

Japan Building Disaster Prevention Association
Figures and photographs listed in the table below are reproduced with the approval of the Director General of the Japan
Building Disaster Prevention Association.
Page
36

40

41
48
23
55

24
25
47
52
56

78

Caption“Figure 1: Example of arrangement of steady braces”“Figure 2: Rough indication of the area borne by one
steady brace”“Figure 1: Example of hanger reinforcement”“ Figure 2: Example of clip reinforcement”“Figure 3: Example of reinforcement using steel angle”“Figure 1: Example of measures to prevent glass wool
board from falling”“Figure 1: When supporting by structure”“Figure 2: When securing to the ceiling material”“Fixed windows* with large glass panes are more
susceptible to breakage in proportion to the size of theglass.”“If the joint of the finishing material and that of thesubstrate are not aligned, the finishing material mightfall during an earthquake.”“Photo 2: Corroded fitting”“Photo 1: Abnormality (hollow) on a plastered outerwall”“Photo 1: Corroded lighting equipment”“Glossary: Hollow under mortar”“Photo 1: Deficient PCa panel”

Source“Handbook and Examples of Renovation for
Earthquake-Resistant Structures of Existing Steel Gymnasium(for practitioners)”(Japan Building Disaster Prevention Association, the Japan
Association for Building Research Promotion, 2004)“What are nonstructural members? – Safety measures for
nonstructural members”
Japan Building Disaster Prevention Association, September
2007“Standard for regular investigation of special building, etc.”(2008 revised edition), Japan Building Disaster Prevention
Association, May 2008

Tokyo Fire Department
The figures and photographs listed in the table below are reproduced with the approval of the Head of the Disaster Section,
Disaster Division, Tokyo Fire Department.
Page Caption
Source29“Figure 1: Example of fixing using L-shaped“Q&A about measures to prevent furniture, etc. from
hardware”
tumbling and falling” (Tokyo Fire Department, August
2008)
32“Movement of furniture due to an earthquake and “Handbook on measures to prevent furniture, etc. fromthe damage caused”
tumbling” (Tokyo Fire Department, February 2009)

National Institute for Educational Policy Research Educational Facilities Research Center
Page
26

27
29
30
31
33

38

46
59
64
64
65
66

Caption“Photo 1: fallen basket goal”“Photo 2: Air conditioner outdoor units mounted
over a pathway”“Photo 1: Fallen hanging television”“Photo 1: Tumbled shoe locker,” “Figure 2:
Example of fixing racks”“Figure 1: Example of a fall-prevention measure”“Figure 2: Example of location of mounted
stops”“Photo 1: Skidding due to oscillation of anearthquake,” “Figure 1: anti-vibration rubber,”“Photo/figure 2: Example of measures to preventan upright piano from tumbling”“Figure 2: Example of clearance installation
when two ceiling parts of different sizes arejoined on a plane”“Figure 1: Example of raceway mounting”“Photo 1: Fallen concrete blocks”“Photo 1: Broadcast equipment in a gymnasium”“Photo 2: Fallen basket goal”“Photo 1: Air conditioner outdoor unit installedover a pathway”“Photo 2: Fallen hanging TV”

Source“Examples of Earthquake Protection Measures for
Nonstructural Members, etc. of School Facilities,”,National Institution for Educational Policy Research
Educational Facilities Research Center, December 2005

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport
Page
37
38

Caption“Figure 1: Example of clearance installation”“Figure 2: Example of clearance installation
when two ceiling parts of different sizes arejoined on a plane”

Source“About measures against ceilings of buildings with large
spaces falling (technical advice)”
Notice No. 2402 on October 15, 2003, by the Director,
Building Guidance Division, Housing Bureau, Ministryof Land, Infrastructure and Transport to chief building
officers of prefectures

Others
Page
5
7
58
6
29
34
40
44
46
61
40
52

Caption“Examples of nonstructural members—glass
block”“Broken glass of a window that came off theframe”“Photo 1: Out-of-plane protrusion due to an
earthquake“Detached lighting equipment in a specialclassroom”“Photo 3: Example of fixing by joining racks”“Photo 1: Cover material that came off”
“Photo 1: Ceiling with safety net”
“Figure 1: Separation of mortar from theunderside of the eave”“Photo 1: Detached hanging-type lighting
equipment (classroom)”“Photo 2: Mortar fell off the wall (under astairway)”“Photo 2: Large ceiling (lunch room)”“Photo 1: Mortar fell off the wall”

SourceAffect, Ltd. (Architectural Firm)

Nakano Laboratory, the Institute of Industrial Science,
the University of Tokyo

Nagaoka City

79

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
Contact:
Office for Disaster Prevention, Facilities Planning Division, Department of Facilities Planning and
Administration, Minister’s Secretariat, MEXT
3-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8959
Phone: 03-5253-4111 (main) 050-3772-4111 (IP main)
Website: http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shisetu/shuppan/1291462.htm

80