ANNUAL REPORT2008 2009

ANNUAL REPORTFY2008 - FY200900ANNUAL REPORT FY2008 － FY2009
INDEX

About IIR
I. Research Activitiesi011) Innovation Research Forum

022) Joint Research Projects

063) Conferences

12

II. Researchers

191) Full-time Rsearchers202) International Visiting Researchers

49

III. Education

51

1) Courses Given by the IIR Faculty Members

522) The IIR Library

53

IV. Research Results / Publications

55

1) Hitotsubashi Business Review

562) Working Papers

643) Case Studies

65About IIR‘To become a world-class of excellence for research in social processes of innovation’ ― The Instituteof Innovation Research (IIR) was established at Hitotsubashi University to achieve this aim in April
1997, as the result of the reorganization of the Institute of Business Research, whose main pursuit had
been the theoretical and empirical analysis of business, society and management.
It is indispensable for a populous country with poor natural resources like Japan to generate innovation.
The importance of innovation has considerably increased since 1990s when growth by catching up with
Western competitors was no longer possible. At that time, however, we had only little understandingof how innovation was generated. Innovation was an agenda in the realm of technical development.
People did not pay sufficient attention to the long, social process for turning technological invention
into industrial development. Innovation is a complex social phenomenon in which economic, political,
organizational, historical and legislative factors are correlated with each other. In order to clarify thisprocess, there needed to be places for interdisciplinary, systematic research where people from various
fields of social science could work together utilizing the knowledge of natural science. This is how the
IIR was established as an interdisciplinary research institute concentrating on the innovation process.
Missions
The first mission of the IIR is to study the innovation generation process systematically andempirically, understanding innovation as something to bring about economic value, and to contributeto the improvement of theoretical and practical knowledge. The role of the IIR also encompasses theclarification of social and economical impacts of innovation.
The second mission is to build a bridge between theory and practice on innovation. Since innovation
is “living phenomenon,” one needs to be deeply involved in the front line of practice and understandspecific problems happening there. In order to achieve the ultimate objective of facilitating innovation,
there should be certain mechanisms for applying theoretical knowledge to the front line of innovation.
In this sense, the IIR has to play an important role in linking theory and practice.
The third mission is to be an open research center which serves as a place for knowledge fusions
between researchers from different countries. As the importance of innovation is and will be growing
in East Asian countries, promoting interactions with researchers from these countries is very importantfor Japan in contributing to the development of this region. Thus, the IIR's missions also include theaccumulation of qualitative and quantitative information on Japanese innovation.
Research Areas
In order to pursue its mission of studying the innovation process systematically and empirically, theactivities of IIR have covered the following areas of research since its establishment.
“Research on Technological Innovation” and “Research on Management Innovation” are the areas inwhich factors facilitating innovation such as technology, organizations and management methods arebeing studied. “Research on Entrepreneurs” analyzes the personal characteristics of entrepreneurs as
innovation initiators in order to go deep into the realities of innovation. “Research on Social Networks”
explores how networks of private firms, universities, individuals, and other entities and parties affectinnovation.
“Business History Research” and “Technology History Research” look at the above areas of empiricalresearch from a broader perspective, understand their historical contexts, and trace the development
processes of innovation over time. “Research on Institutions for Innovation” focuses on clarifying
the influences of accounting and legal systems (such as those about intellectual property rights) on
innovation.
“Research on Knowledge Management” synthesizes and attempts to understand all these empiricalareas of research from a broader, theoretical perspective. Finally, “International Comparative Research”
involves comparison, demonstration and analysis on an international scale.

We believe that our research at the IIR offers an important opportunity to foster creativity andinnovation in Japan in order to bring about transformation and development in business organizations
and the economy. We wish to create a world-class, international research institute where people from allover the world can conduct research together.

ii

I. Research Activities

I. Research Activities

1. Innovation Research Forum — Apr. 2008 ~ Mar. 2010
The following is the list of lectures given as part of the Innovation Research Forum during 2008-2009
academic year:Mar. 18, 2010

Steven White
Associate Professor, China Europe International Business School“Entrepreneur-Investor Relational Configurations and Implications for Value ‘Beyond theContract’”

Mar. 09, 2010

Hyungsub Choi
Senior Research Fellow, Center for Contemporary History and Policy, Chemical Heritage
Foundation, Philadelphia / JSPS Postdoctoral Fellow, History and Philosophy of Science,
Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo“Manufacturing Knowledge in Transit: The Circulation of Transistor Technology in the
U.S. and Japan, 1948-1960”

Mar. 09, 2010

Akihiko Ishitani
IMEC Representative Japan“Management of Research Consortium: Experience and Future of IMEC”

Feb. 24, 2010

Akira Endo
General Director, Biopharm Research Laboratories, Inc. / Visiting Professor, IIR“A Gift from Nature: The Invention of Statin and the Following Innovation (II)”Feb. 09, 2010

Akira Shibata
Chief Engineer, Engineering Planning Dept., Automatic Data Capture Division, DENSOWAVE INCORPORATED“The Business Strategy of QR Code”

Feb. 05, 2010

Bruno van Pottelsberghe
Professor, Universite Libre de Bruxelles“The Quality Factor in Patent Systems”

Jan. 20, 2010

Hiroshi Uematsu, Kenji Kato, Yasuhiko Awa, Michitaka Sakaida and Masato Sugiura
General Manager, Ironmaking Technical Div.; General Manager; Senior Manager; Senior
Manager, Coke Plant, Plant Engineering Div.; Senior Researcher, Instrument & Control
R&D Div., Nippon Steel Corporation“A Diagnose and Repair Technologies Used in Enormously Harsh Space for the Realizationof Coke-Oven Restoring”(GCOE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)

Nov. 04, 2009

Akira Endo
General Director, Biopharm Research Laboratories, Inc. / Visiting Professor, IIR“A Gift from Nature: The Invention of Statin and the Following Innovation (I)”Oct. 06, 2009

Tom Nicholas
Associate Professor, Harvard Business School“Inducement Prizes and Innovation”

Sep. 29, 2009

Roberto Fontana
University of Pavia and Bocconi University, Italy“Demand, Entry and Survival in the Semiconductor Industry” (with Franco Malerba)

Sep. 29, 2009

Chih-Hai Yang
National Central University, Taiwan“R&D, Technology Imports and Patents in China's High-tech Industries: Do Patent Reformand Ownership Matter?”Aug. 20, 2009

Atsushi Imai
Senior Engineer, Broadcasting Engineering Division, NHK Engineering Services, Inc.
“Development of Radio and Television Receiver with Functions of Speech Rate Conversion
Technology”(GCOE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)

Aug. 19, 2009

Carlos Ramirez
Associate Professor, HEC Graduate School of Management / Visiting Associate Professor,
IIR“The Big 4 Audit Firms After Enron: Making Sense of Audit Quality in a Historical 		
Perspective”

Jul. 30, 2009

Katsumi Maeda and Kaichiro Nakano
Principal Researcher; Principal Researcher, Nano Electronics Research Laboratories, NEC
Corporation“Development of Novel Materials for ArF Resist Achieving the Mass-Production of 		
Advanced LSIs”(GCOE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)

Jun. 25, 2009

Shozo Kaneko
Professor, Endowed Research Unit, Advanced Energy Conversion Engineering
Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo“Innovation against the Global Warming (How to reduce CO2?)”

Jun. 25, 2009

Yuzuru Sato
Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, Hokkaido University“Stability and Diversity in Collective Adaptation”

Jun. 25, 2009

Jung-Kyoo Choi
Professor, School of Economics and Commerce, Kyungpook National University“The Holocene Revolution: The Coevolution of Agricultural Technologies and Private
Property Institutions”

Jun. 18, 2009

Marc Henry
Professor, Universite de Montreal / Visiting Professor, University of Tokyo“Partial Identification and Inference in Models of Discrete Choice with Interactions”

Jun. 16, 2009

Ben Dankbaar
Professor, Nijmegen School of Management, Radboud University Nijmegen (Netherlands)“Challenges of Open Innovation: A Sectoral Perspective”

Jun. 12, 2009

Kenta Mikuriya
General Manager, Corporate R&D Headquarters, Yokogawa Electric Corporation“Development and Application of High Speed Confocal Microscopy which can be used for
the Observation and Analysis of Molecular Dynamism”(GCOE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)Jun. 03, 2009

Youngjin Yoo
Associate Professor, Fox School of Business and Management, Temple University“The Wicked Problem of Innovations in Doubly Distributed Innovation Networks: An
Example from Architecture, Engineering and Construction Industry”

Apr. 23, 2009

Yukio Ohsawa
Associate Professor, Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, Universityof Tokyo“Engineering in Post-visualization: From Chance Discovery to Value Sensing”

Apr. 16, 2009

Keiki Takadama
Associate Professor, University of Electro-Communications“Validation of Agent-based Social Simulations: Toward an Agent Design for Replicating
Human-like Behaviors”

Apr. 06, 2009

Hiroyuki Shinada and Tadashi Odaka
Manager, Advanced Measurement and Analysis Center / Chief Researcher, Central 		Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd.; Senior Technical Advisor, R&D Divsion, Hitachi HighTechnologies Corporation“Development and Commercialization of Critical Dimension Scanning Electron 		Microscope for Measurement of Ultra-fine Semiconductor Patterns”(GCOE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)

Mar. 26, 2009

Jinyoung Kim
Professor, Department of Economics, Korea University / Research Associate, Center 		of Excellence on Human Capital, Technology Transfer, and Economic Growth and 		Development, State University of New York, Buffalo“International Knowledge Flows: Evidence from an Inventor-Firm Matched Data Set”

Mar. 18, 2009

Cornelia Storz
Professor, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Goethe University“How Do New Industries Emerge? The Case of Japan's Game Software and Biotech 		Industry”

Mar. 18, 2009

Nobuyuki Hanaki
Doctoral Program in Economics, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences,
University of Tsukuba“Complexity, Uncertainty, and Organizational Congruency” (joint with Hideo Owan)

Mar. 05, 2009

Takayoshi Mamine
Project Professor, Collaborative Research Development, Division of University Corporate
Relations, University of Tokyo“The Development of MOCVD: Mass Production of Compound Semiconductor Devices”(GCOE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)

Feb. 23, 2009

Ulrike Schaede
Professor, University of California, San Diego“The Demise of the Main Bank as a Last Resort: Changes in Corporate Restructuring inJapan, 1981-2007” (with Takeo Hoshi and Satoshi Koibuchi)

Feb. 04, 2009

Hiroyoshi Kimura and Toshitake Kanno
President; Director / R&D Department Director, Kimura Chuzosho Co., Ltd.
“Development of Innovative Full Mold Casting System with Utilizing Information 		
Technology as a Core”(GCOE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)

Jan. 13, 2009

Matthias Kipping
Professor, Schulich School of Business, York University (Canada)“Management Consultants as a Systemic Risk: McKinsey @ Enron”

Dec. 18, 2008

Genichi Hatakoshi
Fellow, Toshiba Research Consulting Corp. / Fellow, Center for Research and Development
Strategy, Japan Science and Technology Agency“Development of 0.6μm-Band Visible Laser Diodes”(GCOE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)

Dec. 05, 2008

Esther van Zimmeren
Invited Researcher, Institute of Intellectual Property, Tokyo / Research Fellow, Center forIntellectual Property Rights, University of Leuvenn“Open Innovation in Medical Biotechnology in Europe”

Dec. 05, 2008

Guido Cozzi
Professor, Bonar-MacFie Chair of Political Economy, University of Glasgow“Privatization of Knowledge: Did the U.S. Get It Right?”

Nov. 07, 2008

Takahiro Oshita
President, Ebara Research Co., Ltd.
“Development of Internally Circulating Fluidized-bed Technology”(GCOE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)

Oct. 29, 2008

Clair Brown
Professor of Economics and Director, Center for Work, Technology, and Society,
University of California, Berkeley“Semiconductor Industry from Global Perspective”

Oct. 24, 2008

Wim Vanhaverbeke
Professor, Strategy & Organisation in the Department Business Studies, Hasselt University(Belgium)“Future Rresearch in Open Innovation”

Oct. 07, 2008

Ishtiaq Pasha Mahmood
Professor, School of Business, National University of Singapore“Hub or Federation? Network Centralization and Business Group Performance”

Sep. 17, 2008

Jed De Varo
The Wang Family Professor, College of Business and Economics, California State 		
University, East Bay“Internal Promotion and External Recruitment: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis” (with
Hodaka Morita)

Sep. 01, 2008

Kirankumar Momaya
Associate Professor, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi / Visiting Associate Professor, IIR“Cooperative Strategies for Innovation: Exploring Contexts and Concepts”

I. Research Activities

2. Joint Research Projects — Apr. 2008 ~ Mar. 2010
At the IIR, we have the advantage of a team of researchers covering many areas of scholarship to carry out
joint research into themes that have not previously been touched upon. The following are the joint research
projects that researchers engaged in during the 2008-2009 academic year.
(* = Project Leader, or Coordinator)■ Industry-Academia-Government Collaboration Research Program on Innovation

Processes
1. Outline of ResearchThis research project tries to understand, from theoretical and empirical perspectives, the main
characteristics of innovation processes in Japan and pursue for the scheme for overcoming the
weakness. In particular, the special attention is paid to science-based industries such as semiconductor,
biotechnology, and pharmaceuticals. This research is conducted as the joint research among industry,
universities and government. Specifically, New Energy and Industrial Technology Development
Organization (NEDO), National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP), Semiconductor
Technology Roadmap Committee of Japan (STRJ), Japan Bioindustry Association (JBA), Japan
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA), and Office of Pharmaceutical Industry Research(OPIR) actively participate in this joint research project. More concretely, the project tries to elucidate
the following subjects: a) theoretical and empirical analyses about innovation processes that effectively
combines knowledge-creation & integration and knowledge application & implementation activities, b)
significance and limitation of International Technology Roadmap of Semiconductor (ITRS) activities,c) Japan-US comparative studies about the role of vertical collaboration systems among public and/or
private research institutes represented by universities, bio-ventures, and pharmaceutical firms. This
research is financially supported by the Japanese Government, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)), etc.
2. Time Period
FY2008-present
3. Members
IIR Faculty Members (Project Leader: Hiroyuki Chuma and Sadao Nagaoka)
Akira Endo, Visiting Professor, IIR / Biopharm Research Laboratories, Inc.
Masaomi Kameyama, Professor (Special Appointment), IIR / Nikon Corporation
Toshihiko Osada, Professor (Special Appointment), IIR / Fujitsu Microelectronics Limited
Gensuke Tokoro, Professor (Special Appointment), IIR / aRigen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Masatsura Igami, Associate Professor (Special Appointment), IIR / NISTEP
Naotoshi Tsukada, Research Associate, IIR
Yusuke Naito, A Life-laboratory
Yuji Honjo, Chuo University
Tomohiro Ijichi, Seijo University
Kenta Nakamura, Kobe University
Hideo Owan, University of Tokyo
Katsushige Tsuno, Electron Optics Solutions4. Research Activities and Outputs during FY2008-FY2009
1. Survey on the Knowledge Creation Process in Science
IIR and NISTEP jointly carried out a questionnaire survey in Japan, aiming at obtaining objective data
to clarify Japan’s structural characteristics in the knowledge creation process in science and in sciencebased innovation. To collect such data, we conducted this survey based on a comprehensive questionnaire
for scientists in all categories in Japan (more than seven thousand scientists). A workshop will be held
initially to report the main findings from this survey in October 2010. The parallel survey in the UnitedStates is expected to be conducted in summer 2010.
2. Workshops (see the following section for the detail)(1) US-Japan Workshop on Scientific Collaboration and Productivity, March 26, 2010, Tokyo(2) Industry-Academia Collaboration Workshop on Innovation Processes in Semiconductor / Bio
Industries: From the Perspectives of Roadmap and Alliance,” March 24, 2010, Tokyo(3) Industry-Academia Collaboration Workshop on Process and Strategy in Biotechnology Innovation,
March 10, 2009, Tokyo
3. Working papers(1) Takatori, Toshiro, Kenta Nakamura, Sadao Nagaoka and Yuji Honjo, “Alliance Strategy and
Performance of Major Pharmaceutical Firms in Japan, US and Europe” IIR Working Paper #09-07,
November 2009 (in Japansese)(2) Honjo, Uji, Sadao Nagaoka, Kenta Nakamura, Setsuo Morishita, “Entry and Growth Performance of
the Japanese Biotechnology Industry” IIR Working Paper #09-06, August 2009 (in Japanese)■ Project on Networks and Innovations
1. Outline of Research
Incorporating a new perspective of small-world network theory, we are conducting comparative fieldresearch on regional economies and enterprise networks in Japan, China, and Europe. Our group iscomposed of researchers with diverse national or institutional backgrounds and is expected to keep on
producing new findings for years to come.
2. Time Period
FY2004-present
3. Members
Toshihiro Nishiguchi*, Kentaro Nobeoka, Dan Xu (Tongji University (China)), Motoko Tsujita (Ryukoku
University), Tomofumi Amano (University of Tokyo)
4. Research Activities and Outputs during FY2008-FY2009
We conducted extensive field research on the Chinese diaspora and returnees worldwide.
Publications(1) Nishiguchi, Toshihiro, An Introduction to Network Thinking, Tokyo: Toyo Keizai, August 2009 (inJapanese)(2) Tsujita, Motoko and Toshihiro Nishiguchi, “The Poor Can Prosper: the Strength of Qingtian
Merchants' Overseas Networks,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 57, No. 2, September 2009, pp.
36-51 (in Japanese)■ GCOE Okochi Award Case Study Research Program
1. Outline of ResearchThis project aims at building up cases of innovations by Japanese firms and examining the features andchallenges of Japanese firms in creating innovations. While previous studies in technology management
have paid attention to product development or industry-level analysis, this project focuses on individual
firms from concept creation, through development and commercialization to subsequent consequences, inorder to explore a news stream of innovation research.
In this five-year project, we make individual cases each year selected from those who won the
Okochi Awards, which have been given to important technological innovations annually since 1954.
We also conduct cross-case analysis to explore features and challenges of Japanese firms to succeed ininnovations. Each case is written jointly by faculty members at IIR and the Graduate School of Commerceand Management at Hitotsubashi University and graduate students. This project is financially supported
by Global COE "Innovation in the Japanese Corporation" at Hitotsubashi University.

2. Time Period
FY2008-present
3. Members
Yaichi Aoshima*, Hiroyuki Chuma, Manabu Eto, Masaru Karube, Kentaro Nobeoka, Hiroshi Shimizu,
Takeishi Akira (University of Kyoto), Junji Miyahara (Tokyo University of Science), Masatoshi Fujiwara(Kyoto Sangyo University), Youngjae Koh (Konan University), Tomono Miki (Rikkyo University))
4. Research Activities and Outputs during FY2008-FY2009
Publications and Papers(1) Takeishi, Akira, Yaichi Aoshima and Masaru Karube, “Reasons for Innovation: Legitimizing Resource
Mobilization for Innovation in the Cases of Okochi Memorial Prize Winners,” in Itami, Hiroyuki, Ken
Kusunoki, Tsuyoshi Numagami and Akira Takeishi, eds., Dynamics of Knowledge, Corporate Systems
and Innovation, Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, March 2010, pp. 65- 89(2) Takeishi, Akira, Yaichi Aoshima and Masaru Karube, “Reasons for Innovation: Legitimizing Resource
Mobilization for Innovation in the Case of Okochi Memorial Prize Winners,” Organizational Science,Vol. 42, No. 1, September 2008, pp. 4-14 (in Japanese)
Case Study
Hitotsubashi Business Review, Business Case Series (in Japanese)(1) Takeishi, Akira, Junji Miyahara and Tomono Miki, “Fujifilm: Development of Computed
Radiography System,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 56, No. 2, September 2008, pp. 126-147
IIR Case Study Series (in Japanese)(1) Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki, “Toray: Commercialization of Color Filter by Polyimide System,” IIR Case
Study CASE#10-02, March 2010
(2) Kudo, Satoshi and Hiroshi Shimizu, “Toshiba: The Development of 0.6μm-Band Visible Laser
Diodes,” IIR Case Study CASE#10-01, January 2010(3) Fujiwara, Masatoshi and Atsushi Tsumita, “Kimura Chuzosho: Development of Innovative Full Mold
Casting System with Utilizing Information Technology,” IIR Case Study CASE#09-03, July 2009
(4) Aoshima, Yaichi and Ken Okura, “Ebara: Development of Internally Circulating Fluidized-bed
Technology,” IIR Case Study CASE#09-02, June 2009(5) Kosaka, Genjiro and Akira Takeishi, “Noritake Itron: Development and Commercialization of
Vacuum Fluorescent Displays,” IIR Case Study CASE#08-05, September 2008
(6) Takanashi, Chikako, Akira Takeishi and Hideaki Kohzu, “NEC: Development of Field-EffectTransistor,” IIR Case Study CASE#08-04, September 2008
(7) Aoshima, Yaichi and Makoto Kitamura, “Seiko Epson: Development of an Ink Jet Printer that
Produces High Resolution Text and Pictorial Images,” IIR Case Study CASE#08-03, May 200810

■ Industry-Academia-Government Collaboration Project on CO2 Reduction and Innovation
1. Outline of Research
How to reduce CO2 Emission without diminishing the international competitiveness is one of the mosturgent and important issues. This research project is to scrutinize how to combine the new technologicalinnovation with the coexistence of the international competitiveness and the global environmental
responsibility. The research consortium is interdisciplinary consisted of University of Tokyo, Mitsubishi
Heavy Industries and Nihon Keizai Shimbunsha.
2. Time Period
FY2009-present
3. Members
Seiichiro Yonekura*, Manabu Eto, Yaichi Aoshima, Shozo Kaneko (University of Tokyo), Mitsubshi
Heavy Industries, Ltd., Nihon Keizai Shimbunsha
4. Research Activities in FY2009
We held the symposium on CO2 Reduction and Japan’s Innovation on March 30, 2010 in Tokyo. Thissymposium was open to the general public of Japan (see the following section for the detail).

11

I. Research Activities

3. Conferences — Apr. 2008 ~ Mar. 2010
■ Symposium on CO2 Reduction and Japan’s Innovation

March 30, 2010 at Hitotsubashi Memorial Hall, Kanda, Tokyo
Organized by
IIR
Nihon Keizai Shimbunsha
In Collaboration with
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

Keynote Speech 1“The Japanese Political Positioning in the International Perspective”
Yukio Okamoto (Okamoto Associates, Inc.)
Keynote Speech 2“CO2 Reduction and Japan’s Innovation”
Kazuo Tsukuda (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.)
Panel Discussion I: Japan's Strategy for CO2 Reductionn
Moderator: Seiichiro Yonekura (IIR)
Shozo Kaneko (University of Tokyo)
Akihiro Sawa (The 21st Century Public Policy Institute)Tetsuya Iida (Institute for Sustainable Energy Policies)
Tsuyoshi Nakamura (Mitsubishi Corporation)
Hirotaka Yamauchi (Hitotsubashi University)
Manabu Eto (IIR)
Panel Discussion II: CO2 Reduction Technology and Innovation Strategy
Moderator: Seiichiro Yonekura
Hiroshi Fujiwara (Nano-Optonics Energy, Inc. / SIM-Drive Corporation)
Takashi Kuroishi (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.)
Takeshi Matsumoto (Osaka Gas Co., Ltd.)
Yuji Akaba (Breakthrough Partners)
Yaichi Aoshima (IIR)

12

■ US-Japan Workshop on Scientific Collaboration and Productivity
March 26, 2010 at Conference Square M+, Marunouchi, Tokyo
Organized by
IIR
National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology
Georgia Institute of Technology
Supported by
National Science Foundation (NSF)

Opening Remarks:
Tomoaki Wada (NISTEP)
Machi F. Dilworth (NSF)
Sadao Nagaoka (IIR)
Session I: Survey Framework and Initial Results in Japan
Chair: John Walsh (Georgia Institute of Technology)[1] “Survey Design and Sample Characteristics of the Japanese Survey”
Masatsura Igami (NISTEP / IIR) (with Sadao Nagaoka)[2] “Initial Results from the Japan Scientists Survey”
Sadao Nagaoka (with Masatsura Igami)     Comment: Akira Endo (Biopharm of Japan, Corporation / IIR)
Session II: Discovery Process in Science
Chair: Sadao Nagaoka[3] “A Case of Astronomy”
Francis Halzen (University of Wisconsin)     Comments and questions: John Walsh[4] “A Case of Biological Science”
Hirotada Mori (Nara Institute of Science and Technology)
Session III: Research Staffing and Funding in the US and Japan
Chair: Machi F. Dilworth[5] “Interpreting the Japanese Survey Results on Research Staffing and Funding in Light of theJapanese Staffing/Funding Mechanism”
Tomohiro Ijichi (Seijo University)[6] “International Graduate Science Training, Scientific Collaboration, and Research Productivity”
Marcus Ynalvez (Texas A&M International University)[7] “US Mechanism of Research Staffing and Funding: Implications for Studying Collaboration and
Productivity”
Paula Stephan (Georgia State University / National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER))
Session IV: Commercialization Process and the Use of IT in Science
Chair: Hideo Owan (University of Tokyo)[8] “Interpreting the Japanese Survey Results on Commercialization in Light of the Japanese 		
Mechanism of Commercialization”
Manabu Eto (IIR)
13

Session IV: Commercialization Process and the Use of IT in Science
Chair: Hideo Owan (University of Tokyo)[8] “Interpreting the Japanese Survey Results on Commercialization in Light of the Japanese 		
Mechanism of Commercialization”
Manabu Eto (IIR)[9] “The Impact of Information Technology on Academic Scientists' Productivity”
Waverly Ding (University of California, Berkeley)
Session V: Wrap-up Discussions toward Scientist Survey in the US
Chair: Paula Stephan[10] “US Science Institutions and Sample Construction for the US Survey”
John Walsh

14

■ Industry-Academia Collaboration Workshop on Innovation Process in Semiconductor/
Bio Industries: From the Perspective of Roadmap and Alliance
March 24, 2010 at Conference Square M+, Marunouchi, Tokyo
Organized by
IIR
Supported by
Japan Bioindustry Association (JBA)
Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (Office of Pharmaceutical Industry Research (OPIR))
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO)
With the assistance ofJapan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association, Semiconductor Technology
Roadmap Committee of Japan (STRJ),

Opening Address
Seiichiro Yonekura (IIR)
Keynote Speech
Chair: Sadao Nagaoka (IIR)“NIH’s Funding Strategy: Current Status and Future Prospects”
Paula Stephan (Georgia State University / NBER)
Session I: Roadmap for Semiconductors and Innovation Process of the Industry
Chair: Hiroyuki Chuma (IIR)[1] “The Role of International Technology Roadmap of Semiconductor (ITRS): Tracking the History of
ITRS”
Toshihiko Osada (Formerly Fujitsu Microelectronics, Ltd. / IIR)
[2] “Lithography and ITRS”
Masaomi Kameyama (Formerly Nikon Corporation / IIR)
[3] “ITRS and R&D Collaboration among Business Enterprises and Organizations: From the Case Studyof High-k/Metal Gate Technology”
Hiroyuki Chuma
General Comment: Shuzo Fujimura (Tokyo Institute of Technology)
Session II: Bio Startups and Alliance
Chair: Manabu Eto (IIR)[4] “Bio Startups in Japan: Acquirement of Core Technology, Alliance, and Challenges of Growth”
Yuji Honjo (Chuo University / IIR)
[5] “Alliance Structure and Performance in Pharmaceutical Organizations in Japan, U.S. and Europe”
Sadao Nagaoka and Kenta Nakamura (University of Kobe / IIR)
General Comment: Hiroyuki Odagiri (Hitotsubashi University)15

■ International Workshop on PATSTAT and Patent Statistics
January 19, 2010 at 7F Conference Room, Institute of Intellectual Property, Kanda, Tokyo
Organized by
Institute of Intellectual Property
Supported by
IIR

Opening Address
Tateo Takiuchi (Institute of Intellectual Property)
Dominique Guellec (OECD Senior Economist)[1] “Guide to the PATSTAT”
James Rollinson (European Patent Office)[2] “Linking of PATSTAT and IIP Patent Database”
Kazuyuki Motohashi (University of Tokyo)[3] “Evaluating Continuing Applications in the US, Using PATSTAT Database”
Naotoshi Tsukada (IIR)[4] “An Econometric Assessment of the Effects of Patent Thickets“
Yoichiro Nishimura (Kanagawa University) and Sadao Nagaoka (IIR)
Closing Remarks
Sadao Nagaoka

16

■ Industry-Academia Collaboration Workshop on Process and Strategy in Biotechnology
Innovation
March 10, 2009 at Roppongi Academy Hills 49F, Tokyo
Organized by
IIR
Supported by
Japan Bioindustry Association (JBA)
Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (Office of Pharmaceutical Industry Research (OPIR))
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO)

Opening Address
Seiichiro Yonekura (IIR)
Session I: Government Support to the Commercialization of Scientific Discovery
Chair: Sadao Nagaoka (IIR)
Keynote Speech 1: “Lessons from NIH SBIR Program”
Charles Wessner (US National Academies)
Comment: Katsushi Takehiro (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)
Session II: Bio-based Innovation—Issues as Seen from the Industry
Chair: Kentaro Nobeoka (IIR)
Keynote Speech 2:“Exploiting the Biotechnology for Pharmaceutical Industry in Japan”
Hiroshi Akimoto (University of Tokyo / Kyushu University / JPMA)
Keynote Speech 3: “Opportunities and Barriers to Biotechnology Firm Growth in Japan”
Ichiro Nakatomi (NanoCarrier Co., Ltd.)
Comment: Gensuke Tokoro (aRigen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.)
Yaichi Aoshima (IIR)
Session III: Mechanism of Commercialization of Biotechnology—Bio-startups and Alliance (Reportof the findings of joint research)
Chair: Hiroyuki Chuma (IIR)(1) “Strategic Alliance as an Alternative Strategy for Bio-ventures”
Seiichiro Yonekura and Eyo Shiaw Jia (IIR)      Comment: Kiyokazu Yamazaki (Ichiyoshi Research Institute Inc.)(2) “Entry and Growth Performance of the Japanese Biotechnology Industry”
Sadao Nagaoka (IIR), Yuji Honjo (Chuo University / IIR), Kenta Nakamura (Kobe University /IIR), Setsuo Morishita (JBA) and Yumi Shimizu (JBA)      Comment: Akihiko Shimauchi (M’s Science Corporation)(3) “Alliance Strategy and Performance of Major Pharmaceutical Firms in US, Europe and Japan”
  Sadao Nagaoka, Kenta Nakamura, Yuji Honjo, Toshiro Takashima (OPIR)      Comment:  Masayuki Tsuchiya (Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)
Closing Remarks:
Setsuo Morishita17

■ 97th Applied Econometrics Association (AEA) Conference on Patents and Innovations:
Economics Studies
December 19-20, 2008 at Sano-Shoin Hall and
Mercury Tower, Hitotsubashi University, Kunitachi, Tokyo
Organized by
AEA and IIR
Supported by
Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI)European Patent Office (EPO)Intellectual Property Association of Japan (IPAJ)
Law and Economics Group of Hitotsubashi University

December 19
Welcome:
Takehiko Sugiyama (President of Hitotsubashi University)
Seiichiro Yonekura (IIR)
Keynote Speeches:
Hiroyuki Odagiri (Hitotsubashi University)
Dietmar Harhoff (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München)
Session 1 Mergers and Market for Technology
Session 2 Inventors
Session 3 Knowledge Spillover
December 20
Keynote Speech:
Beth Webster (University of Melbourne)
Session 4-1 IPR and Innovation Policy
Session 4-2 Firm Strategies and Performances
Session 5-1 National Innovative Performance
Session 5-2 R&D Productivity
Session 6-1 Theoretical Search for the Efficient IPR System
Session 6-2 Portfolio and Value
Keynote Speeches:
Bronwyn Hall (University of California)
Robert Hunt (Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia)18II. Researchers

19II. Researchers

1. Full-time Researchers

Profiles & List of Research Achievements — Apr. 2008 ~ Sep. 2010
Yaichi Aoshima■ Education
1996
1989
1987

 h.D. (Management), Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute ofP
Technology
M.C. (Business Administration), Hitotsubashi University
B.C. (Commerce), Hitotsubashi University■ Professional Positions
1999~ Associate Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
1997 Assistant Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
1996 Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Research, Hitotsubashi University■ Research Achievements
1. Publications
1.1. Books(In Japanese)
Aoshima, Yaichi, Akira Takeishi and Michael A. Cusumano, eds., End of “Made inJapan”?, Tokyo: Toyo Keizai, August 2010, 374 pages
Aoshima, Yaichi, ed., Misled Companies / Straying Education: A Lost Decade of Human
Resource Development, Tokyo: Toshindo, August 2008, 196 pages
1.2. Articles and Chapters in Books
Kusunoki, Ken and Yaichi Aoshima, “Redefining Innovation as System Re-Definition,”in Itami, Hiroyuki, Ken Kusunoki, Tsuyoshi Numagami and Akira Takeishi, eds.,
Dynamics of Knowledge, Corporate Systems and Innovation, Berlin Heidelberg:
Springer, 2010, pp. 43-75
Takeishi, Akira, Yaichi Aoshima and Masaru Karube, “Reasons for Innovation:
Ligitimizing Resource Mobilization for Innovation in the Cases of Okochi Memorial
Prize Winners,” in Itami, Hiroyuki, Ken Kusunoki, Tsuyoshi Numagami and Akira
Takeishi, eds., Dynamics of Knowledge, Corporate Systems and Innovation, Berlin
Heidelberg: Springer, 2010, pp. 165-189
Aoshima, Yaichi, “Mobility of R&D Workers and Technological Performance,” Japan
Labor Review, Vol. 5, No. 3, July 2008, pp. 33-60(In Japanese)
Yonekura, Seiichiro, Kentaro Nobeoka and Yaichi Aoshima, “No More Lost Decade forJapan: How to Revitalize her Competitiveness,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol.
58, No. 2, Septemer 2010, pp. 12-31

20

Takeishi, Akira, Yaichi Aoshima, Masaru Karube, Kazuhiro Motohashi, and Tomohiro
Ijichi, “Status of the Two Major Japanese Industries: Positions and Performance ofAutomobile and Electronics Industries,” in Aoshima, Yaichi, Akira Takeishi, andMichael A. Cusumano, eds., End of “Made in Japan”?, Tokyo: Toyo Keizai, August
2010, pp. 68-92
Aoshima, Yaichi, “Pros and Cons of Technological Progress Pushed by Performance
Illusion: Digital Still Camera Industry,” ibid., pp. 93-144
Aoshima, Yaichi and Akira Takeishi, “Threat of the New Industrial System Brought by
Technological Progress,” ibid., pp. 294-323
Aoshima, Yaichi and Akira Takeishi, “Alternatives Given to Japanese Companies,” ibid.,
pp. 324-342
Aoshima, Yaichi, “Delayed Strategy Shift: The Role of 'Performance Illusion' in the
Digital Still Camera Industry,” The Journal of Science Policy and Research
Management, The Japan Society for Science Policy and Research Management, Vol.
24, No. 1, August 2009, pp. 16-34
Aoshima, Yaichi, Osamu Suzuki and Atsushi Osanai, “Business Case / BitWallet:
Creation of the Electronic Money Market and Business Strategy,” Hitotsubashi
Business Review, Vol. 57, No. 1, June 2009, pp. 82-102
Takeda, Yoko, Yaichi Aoshima, Kentaro Nobeoka, Chaisung Lim and Shide Won,
“Comparative Study of Impact of 3D-Based Design on Product Development
Process and Performance in Japan, China and Korea,” Yokohama Journal ofTechnology Management Studies, Academic Society of Technology Management,
Yokohama National University, No. 8, March 2009, pp. 53-61
Takeishi, Akira, Yaichi Aoshima and Masaru Karube, “Reasons for Innovation:
Legitimizing Resource Mobilization for Innovation in the Case of Okochi Memorial
Prize Winners,” Organizational Science, Vol. 42, No. 1, September 2008, pp. 4-14
Aoshima, Yaichi, “A Lost Decade and Revolution of Education / Human Resource
Development,” in Aoshima, Yaichi, ed., Misled Companies / Straying Education: A
Lost Decade of Human Resource Development, Tokyo: Toshindo, August 2008, pp.
3-26
Aoshima, Yaichi, “Lack of Holistic View and a Trap of Individuality,” in Aoshima,
Yaichi, ed., Misled Companies / Straying Education: A Lost Decade of Human
Resource Development, Tokyo: Toshindo, August 2008, pp. 183-195
Aoshima, Yaichi, Jinwei Zhu and Ng Shuk Yee Sally, “Business Case / Wuxi Little
Swan Co., Ltd.: Development and Pitfalls of China’s Home Appliances Makers,”
Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 56, No. 1, June 2008, pp. 128-145

21

1.3. Others
Aoshima, Yaichi, “Distress & Prospects for Japan’s Electronics Industry,” Japan
Spotlight, Japan Economic Foundation, Vol. 27, No. 5, Sep-Oct 2008, pp. 13-15
2. Unpublished Work2.1. Working Papers(In Japanese)
Aoshima Yaichi and Ken Okura, “Ebara Corporation: Development of Internally
Circulating Fluidized-bed Technology,” IIR Case Study CASE#09-02, June 2009
Aoshima Yaichi and Makoto Kitamura, “Seiko Epson: Development of an Ink Jet
Printer that Produces High Resolution Text and Pictorial Images,” IIR Case Study
CASE#08-03, May 2008
3. Conference Papers, Presentations
Aoshima, Yaichi, “The 'Performance Illusion' that Deters Commoditization: The Case of
the Digital Still Camera Industry,” presented at the 2008 Annual Conference of theChinese Society for Management of Technology, December 12-13, 2008, Taipei
Aoshima, Yaichi, “The 'Performance Illusion' that Deters Commoditization: The Caseof the Digital Still Camera Industry,” presented at the Mitsubishi Bank Foundation
International Conference, August 26-28, 2008, Mishima
Kusunoki, Ken and Yaichi Aoshima, “Innovation as System Re-definition,” presented
at the 2008 Annual Conference of the Academic Association for Organizational
Science, June 7-8, 2008, Kobe (in Japanese)22

Hiroyuki Chuma■ Education
1984
1975

Ph.D. (Economics), State University of New York at Buffalo
B.A. (Economics), Hitotsubashi University■ Professional Positions
2009~ Committee Member, Expert Panel on Basic Policy Promotion, Council for
Science and Technology Policy (CSTP)
Affiliated Senior Fellow, National Institute of Science and Technology Policy,
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (~2007)
2000~ Faculty Fellow, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry
2000 Visiting Professor, Department of Economics, Yale University (~2001)
1999~ Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
1993 Professor, Faculty of Economics, Hitotsubashi University
1992 Associate Professor, Faculty of Economics, Hitotsubashi University
1986 Visiting Research Fellow, Department of Economics, Yale University (~1987)
1985 Associate Professor, Faculty of Economics, Tokyo Metropolitan University
1984 Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Southern Illinois
University at Carbondale

2004■ Research Achievements
1. Publications
1.1. Articles and Chapters in Books
Chuma, Hiroyuki and Norikazu Hashimoto, “Moore's Law, Increasing Complexity andthe Limits of Organization: The Modern Significance of Japanese Chipmakers'
Commodity DRAM Business,” in Itami, Hiroyuki, Ken Kusunoki, Tsuyoshi
Numagami and Akira Takeishi, eds., Dynamics of Knowledge, Corporate Systems
and Innovation, Berlin Heidelberg: Springer, 2010, pp. 209-245(In Japanese)
Chuma, Hiroyuki, Ichiro Anjo and Norikazu Hashimoto, “DRAM Reconsideration of the
Cause and Effect of the Weakening Japanese DRAM Business: From the Overlooked
View Point of System Packaging Technologies,” Nikkei Microdevices, October 2009,
pp. 69-76
Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Business Case / JSR: The Challenge to the Increasing Complexity inTechnology and Market,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 57, No. 2, September
2009, pp. 108-124
Chuma, Hiroyuki, “JSR’s Challenge to the Complexity in Technology & Market:
Investigating Her Transformation Process,” in JSR and Japan Business History
Institute, eds., With Chemistry, We Can: A Half-Century Step of JSR, JSR, December
2008, pp. 1-31
Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Implications of 'The Innovation Process Survey in the Sciencebased Industries',” Journal of IEICE, The Institute of Electronics, Information andCommunication Engineers, Vol. 91, No. 9, September 2008, pp. 798-803

23

Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Implication of Innovation Process Survey for Japan Society ofApplied Physics (JSAP),” Oyo Butsuri (A Monthly Publication of JSAP), Vol. 77,
No. 7, July 2008, pp. 787-793
2. Unpublished Work2.1. Working Papers
Chuma, Hiroyuki and Daiji Kawaguchi, “Does Information Technology Induce theDe-skilling of Contingent Workers?: Experiences in the Japanese Electrical andElectronic Industry,” Bank of Japan Working Paper Series No. 10-E-3, March 2010
Chuma, Hiroyuki and Akio Kondo, “The Innovation Process Survey in the Sciencebased Industries: The Report of the Questionnaire Survey for the Physical Societyof Japan,” NISTEP Report No. 172, National Institute of Science and Technology
Policy, October 2009, pp. 787-793 (in Japanese)
3. Conference Papers, Presentations(In Japanese)
Chuma, Hiroyuki, “ITRS and the Inter-organizational R&D Activities: Based on theHigh-k/Metal Gate Technologies,” Industry-Academia Collaboration Workshop“Innovation Process in Semiconductor / Bio Industries: From the Perspectives ofRoadmap and Alliance,” Organized by IIR, March 24, 2010, Tokyo
Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Organizational Innovation in the Science-based Industries: How to
Cope with Increasing Complexity?,” (Keynote Speech), RIETI Policy Symposium“Innovation under the Current World Economic Crisis: Capability Enhancement andInstitutional Reform,” July 2, 2009, Tokyo
Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Searching for the Causes of Structural Changes in Semiconductor
Industries: In View of Neutrality and Modularity,” SEMICON Japan 2008,
International Packaging Strategy Symposium (IPSS) 2008, December 4, 2008, Chiba(Invited Speech)24Manabu Eto■ Education
2008  Ph.D. (Engineering), Tohoku Universityy
1985 M.E. (Engineering Science), Osaka University
1983 B.E. (Engineering Science), Osaka University■ Professional Positions
2008~
2006~
2006

2004
2000
1995
1994
1989
1985

Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
Consulting Fellow, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry(RIETI)
Director, Conformity Assessment Division, Industry Science andTechnology Policy and Environment Bureau, Ministry of Economy, Tradeand Industy (METI)
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (~2005)
Delegation of Japan to the OECD (~2004)
Assistant Professor, University of Tsukuba (~1997)
Visiting Scholar, University of New Mexico
Science and Technology Agency (~1990)
Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI)■ Research Achievements
1. Publications
1.1. Books(In Japanese)
Fujino, Jinzo and Manabu Eto, eds., Business in Standardization, Tokyo: Hakuto-Shobo,
December 2009, 167 pages
Shintaku, Junjiro and Manabu Eto, eds., Strategic Use of Consensus-based Standards,
Tokyo: Nihon Keizai Shimbun, July 2008, 281 pages
1.2. Articles and Chapters in Books
Eto, Manabu, “Definitions and Functions,” in Choi, Donggeun and Byung-Goo Kang,eds., Standardization: Fundamentals, Impact, and Business Strategy (APEC SubCommittee on Standards and Conformance (SCSC) Education Guideline 3), Chapter
1, June 2010
Eto, Manabu, “Lifecycle, Organizations and Development Procedures,” in Choi,
Donggeun and Byung-Goo Kang, eds., Standardization: Fundamentals, Impact, andBusiness Strategy (APEC SCSC Education Guideline 3), Chapter 2, June 2010
(In Japanese)
Eto, Manabu, “Business Impacts of Global Standards: Competition Has Changed by the
Testing Standards,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 57, No. 3, December 2009,
pp. 6-1925

Eto, Manabu, “Technological Effect of Standard,” in Fujino, Jinzo and Manabu Eto, eds.,
Business in Standardization, Tokyo: Hakuto-Shobo, December 2009, Chapter 3, pp.
23-34
Eto, Manabu, “Standard Making Process and its Effect,” ibid., Chapter 4, pp. 35-46
Eto, Manabu, “Internationalization of Standard,” ibid., Chapter 5, pp. 47-62
Eto, Manabu, “New Type of Standard and Conformity Assessment Business,” ibid.,
Chapter 6, pp. 63-77
Eto, Manabu, “Business Strategy with Standard,” ibid., Chapter 9, pp. 100-113
Eto, Manabu, “The Role of Patents Built into Standard,” Japan Academy of International
Business Studies, Vol. 14, September 2008, pp. 29-41
Eto, Manabu, “What Is the Consensus Standard?,” in Shintaku, Junjiro and Manabu Eto,
eds., Strategic Use of Consensus-based Standards, Tokyo: Nihon Keizai Shimbun，July 2008, Chapter 1, pp. 1-35
Eto, Manabu, “The Role of the Intellectual Property Right in the Consensus-basedStandards,” ibid., Chapter 6, pp. 146-183
Eto, Manabu and Junjiro Shintaku, “Conclusion of the Strategic Use of Consensus-basedStandards,” ibid., Chapter 8, pp. 207-234
1.3. Others(In Japanese)
Eto, Manabu, “Standardization Personnel Training,” Newsletter of the Information
Processing Society of Japan, No. 80, December 2008, pp. 2-5
Eto, Manabu, “Strategic Use of Consensus-based Standards,” Clean Technology, Nihon
Kogyo Shuppan, Vol. 18, No. 12, December 2008, pp. 29-33
Eto, Manabu, “Strategic Use of Consensus-based Standards (1),” Chizai Prism, ResearchInstitute of Economy, Trade and Industry, No. 71, August 2008, pp. 104-115
Eto, Manabu, “Consensus-based Standards: For Business Strategy,” World Economic
Review, Vol. 52, No. 8, August 2008, pp. 33-42
2. Unpublished Work2.1. Research Reports
Eto, Manabu, ed., “A Guide to Standardization Business (Experimental Version),”Japanese Industrial Standards Committee, July 2010 (in Japanese)
Eto, Manabu, “Research for Examination of Soft IP System,” Institute of Intellectual
Property, Contribution of Chapter IV-2, 2009 (in Japanese)26

3. Conference Papers, Presentations
Eto, Manabu, “Promotion & Obstacles in Testing Standards Innovations,” presented at thePortland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology(PICMET2010), July 2010, Thailand
Eto, Manabu, “Interpreting the Japanese Survey Results on Commercialization in Lightof the Japanese Mechanism of Commercialization,” presented at the US-Japan
Workshop on Scientific Collaboration and Productivity, IIR, NISTEP and Georgia
Institute of Technology, March 26, 2010, Tokyo(In Japanese)
Eto, Manbu, “Weak Points of Japan’s Standardization Policy,” presented at the 38th
Annual Meeting of the Institute of Image Electronics Engineers of Japan, June 26,
2010, Kanagawa Institute of Technology
Eto, Manbu, “The Background and Consideration about the Movement toward Patent
Right Restrictions in the China National Standard,” presented at the 8th Annual
Meeting of the Intellectual Property Association of Japan, June 13, 2010, Tokyo
University of Technology
Eto, Manbu, “Correlation of the Innovation and Standardization in the Field of LCD
Technology Development,” presented at the 24th Annual Meeting of the Japan
Society for Science Policy and Research Management, October 25, 2009, Seijo
University, Tokyo
Eto, Manbu, “Standardization Personnel Training in the Ministry of Economy, Tradeand Industry, and What Lacks in It,” presented at the 37th Annual Meeting of theInstitute of Image Electronics Engineers of Japan, June 26, 2009, Asahikawa
Eto, Manbu, “Innovation and Standardization,” presented at the 7th Annual Meeting of
the Intellectual Property Association of Japan, June 13, 2009, Tokyo Institute ofTechnology
Eto, Manbu, “Strategy Arrangement for Use of Consensus-based Standards,” presented
at the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Japan Society for Science Policy and Research
Management, October 12, 2008, Tokyo
Eto, Manbu, “Inclusion Methods and Role of Patents in the Consensus-based Standards,”
presented at the 6th Annual Meeting of Intellectual Property Association of Japan,
June 29, 2008, Tokyo
Eto, Manbu, “What is the Patent Policy and its Problems,” presented at the 6th Annual
Meeting of Intellectual Property Association of Japan, June 28, 2008, Tokyo27

Masaru Karube■ Education
1998
1995
1993

Doctor of Commerce, Hitotsubashi University
Master of Commerce, Hitotsubashi University
B.A. (Commerce), Hitotsubashi University■ Professional Positions
2006

Fulbright Visiting Scholar, Bryn Mawr College/The Wharton School of the 		
University of Pennsylvania (~2007)
2002~ Associate Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
1998 Lecturer, Faculty of Business Administration, Tokyo Keizai University■ Research Achievements
1. Publications
1.1. Books
Itoh, Hideshi, Tsuyoshi Numagami, Kazuhiro Tanaka and Masaru Karube, eds., Modern
Theories of Management, Tokyo: Yuhikaku, November 2008 (in Japanese)
1.2. Articles and Chapters in Books
Kato, Toshihiko, Masaru Karube and Tsuyoshi Numagami, “Organizational Deadweight
and the Internal Functioning of Japanese Firms: An Explorative Analysis of
Organizational Dysfunction,” in Itami, Hiroyuki, Ken Kusunoki, Tsuyoshi
Numagami and Akira Takeishi, eds., Dynamics of Knowledge, Corporate Systems
and Innovation, Berlin Heidelberg: Springer, 2010, pp. 125-164
Takeishi, Akira, Yaichi Aoshima and Masaru Karube, “Reasons for Innovation:
Legitimizing Resource Mobilization for Innovation in the Cases of the Okochi
Memorial Prize Winners,” in Itami, Hiroyuki, Ken Kusunoki, Tsuyoshi Numagami
and Akira Takeishi, eds., Dynamics of Knowledge, Corporate Systems andInnovation, Berlin Heidelberg: Springer, 2010, pp. 165-189
Karube, Masaru and Toshihiko Kato, “Blind Pursuit of Strategic Goals: An Examinationof Middle Managers' Strategic Orientations in Japanese Firms,” Hitotsubashi
Journal of Commerce and Management, Vol. 43, No. 1, October 2009, pp. 27-45
Karube, Masaru, Tsuyoshi Numagami and Toshihiko Kato, “Exploring Organisational
Deterioration: 'Organisational Deadweight' as a Cause of Malfunction of Strategic
Initiatives in Japanese Firms,” Long Range Planning, Vol. 42, No. 4, August 2009,
pp. 518-544(In Japanese)
Kato, Toshihiko, Masaru Karube and Tsuyoshi Numagami, “Validity of Organizational
Deadweight: Time Series Analysis of Questionnaire Surveys from 2004 through2006,” in Center for Japanese Business Studies, Hitotsubashi University, ed.,Frontier of Japanese Business Studies 6, Tokyo: Yuhikaku, March 2010, Chap. 7, pp.
133-15628

Karube, Masaru, “A New Perspective on Innovation Studies,” in the Japan Society ofBusiness Administration, ed., The 79th Journal of Business Management, Tokyo:
Chikura Shobo, September 2009, pp. 17-29
Kato, Toshihiko, Tsuyoshi Numagami and Masaru Karube, “Cognitive Gaps between
Business Unit Head and Middle Managers: A Second Questionnaire Survey,” inCenter for Japanese Business Studies, Hitotsubashi University, ed., Frontier ofJapanese Business Studies 5, Tokyo: Yuhikaku, March 2009, Chap. 4, pp. 71-96
Kato, Toshihiko and Masaru Karube, “Business Strategies among Japanese Firms: An
Examination Based on the Questionnaire Survey,” Organizational Science, Vol. 42,
No. 3, March 2009, pp. 4-15
Karube, Masaru, “Organizational Adaptability and Stretched Goal-based Strategy among
Japanese Firms,” in Itoh, Hideshi, Tsuyoshi Numagami, Kazuhiro Tanaka andMasaru Karube, eds., Modern Theories of Management, Yuhikaku, November 2008,
Chap. 3, pp. 105-143
Takeishi, Akira, Yaichi Aoshima and Masaru Karube, “Reasons for Innovation:
Legitimatizing Resource Mobilization for Innovation in the Case of Okochi
Memorial Prize Winners,” Organizational Science, Vol. 42, No. 1, September 2008,
pp. 4-14
2. Conference Papers, Presentations
Tsuyoshi Numagami, Masaru Karube, Toshihiko Kato, Masato Sasaki, Hiroshi Watanabe
and Yoshiki Murakami, “Intra-organizational Networks and Information Flows
within an Organization,” presented at the 30th Strategic Management Society
Conference, September 12-15, 2010, Rome, Italy
Numagami, Tsuyoshi, Masaru Karube, Toshihiko Kato, Yuko Yamashita, Wataru Uehara,
Masato Sasaki, Gen Fukutomi, Hiroyuki Fukuchi, Hiroshi Watanabe and Yoshinori
Murakami, “Vertical Strategic Information Flow and Market Orientation,” presented
at the 2010 Academy of Management Annual Meeting, August 6-10, 2010, Montreal,
CanadaNumagami, Tsuyoshi, Masaru Karube, Toshihiko Kato, Yuko Yamashita, Wataru Uehara,
Masato Sasaki, Gen Fukutomi, Hiroyuki Fukuchi, Hiroshi Watanabe and Yoshinori
Murakami, “Functions and Dysfunctions of Lateral and Diagonal Networks in
Advancing Market Orientation: A Preliminary Step toward Bridging the Gap
between Market Orientation Research and Intra-organizational Network Research,”presented at the 2010 European Group for Organizational Studies (EGOS), July 1-3,
2010, Faculdade de Economia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Yamashita, Yuko, Wataru Uehara, Masato Sasaki, Gen Fukutomi, Hiroyuki Fukuchi,
Tsuyoshi Numagami, Toshihiko Kato and Masaru Karube, “Dynamism Inside the
MO Box: The Credibility of Marketing Information as a Key Factor in Market
Orientation,” presented at the 2010 Academy of Marketing Science Annual
Conference, May 26-29, 2010, Oregon, USA
Karube, Masaru, Toshihiko Kato and Tsuyoshi Numagami, “Why Can't Elephants
Dance?: A New Perspective on Organizational Deterioration in Large EstablishedFirms,” presented at the 24th Cardiff Employment Research Unit (ERU) Annual
Conference, September 3-4, 2009, Cardiff, UK

29

Karube, Masaru, Toshihiko Kato and Tsuyoshi Numagami, “How Does Openness ofVertical Communication Matter?: The Effects of Formal/informal Characteristics,”
presented at the 2009 Academy of Management Annual Meeting, August 7-11, 2009,
ChicagoKarube, Masaru, Toshihiko Kato and Tsuyoshi Numagami, “A New Perspective on
Organizational Deterioration within Japanese,” presented at the 2009 EuropeanGroup for Organizational Studies (EGOS) Colloquium, July 2-4, 2009, Barcelona,
Spain
Karube, Masaru, Tsuyoshi Numagami and Toshihiko Kato, “'Organizational Deadweight'
as a Source of Organizational Dysfunction,” presented at the 2008 Academyof Management Annual Meeting, 'The Questions We Ask', August 8-13, 2008,
Anaheim, CA, U.S.A(In Japanese)
Karube, Masaru, “A New Perspective on Innovation Studies,” presented at the 82nd
Conference of the Japan Society of Business Administration Conference, September
3-6, 2008, Tokyo
Kato, Toshihiko, Tsuyoshi Numagami and Masaru Karube, “Organizational Deadweightand Organizational Deterioration among Japanese Firms,” presented at the 2008
Conference of the Japanese Academic Association for Organizational Science, June
7-8, 2008, Kobe

30

Sadao Nagaoka■ Education
1990
1980
1975

Ph.D. (Economics), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
M.S. (Management), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
B.E. (Engineering), The University of Tokyo■ Professional Positions
2004 Director, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University (~2008)
1997~ Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
1996 Professor, Institute of Business Research, Hitotsubashi University
1992 Professor, Faculty of Economics, Seikei University
1990 Director of the Office for Russia and Eastern Europe, the Ministry of International
Trade and Industry of Japan
1986 Economist, the World Bank (~1990)
1975 The Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Japan (~1992)■ Research Achievements
1. Publications
1.1. Books
Nagaoka, Sadao, Masayuki Kondo, Kenneth Flamm and Charles Wessner, eds., 21stCentury Innovation Systems for Japan and the United States: Lessons from a Decadeof Change: Report of a Symposium, Washington, D.C.: The National Academies
Press, 2009, 302 pages
1.2. Articles and Chapters in Books
Nagaoka, Sadao, Kazuyuki Motohashi and Akira Goto, “Patent Statistics as an Innovation
Indicator,” in Hall, Bronwyn H. and Nathan Rosenberg, eds., Handbook of the
Economics of Innovation, Vol. 2, Oxford: Elsevier Science & Technology, 2010, pp.
1083-1127
Nagaoka, Sadao, “M&As and Corporate Performance in Japan: Transferring vs. Sharingof Control Right,” in Itami, Hiroyuki, Ken Kusunoki, Tsuyoshi Numagami and Akira
Takeishi, eds., Dynamics of Knowledge, Corporate Systems and Innovation, Berlinand Heidelberg: Springer, 2010, pp. 247-265
Nagaoka, Sadao, “Does Strong Patent Protection Facilitate International Technology
Transfer?: Some Evidence from Licensing Contracts of Japanese Firms,” Journal ofTechnology Transfer, Vol. 34, No. 2, April 2009, pp. 128-144
Nagaoka, Sadao, Naotoshi Tsukada and Tomoyuki Shimbo, “The Structure and theEmergence of Essential Patents for Standards: Lessons from Three IT Standards,” inCanter, Uwe, Jean-Luc Gaffard and Lionel Nesta, eds., Schumpeterian Perspectives
on Innovation, Competition and Growth, Berlin:Springers, 2009, pp. 433-448

31

Nagaoka, Sadao and Kenneth Flamm, “Introduction: The Chrysanthemum Meets theEagle: The Co-evolution of Innovation Policies in Japan and the United States,”in Nagaoka, Sadao et al. eds., 21st Century Innovation Systems for Japan andthe United States: Lessons from a Decade of Change: Report of a Symposium,
Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press, 2009, pp. 3-18
Nagaoka, Sadao, Kenneth Flamm and Masayuki Kondo, “Overview,” ibid., pp. 21-26
Nagaoka, Sadao, “Reform of Patent System in Japan and Challenges,” ibid., pp. 153-168
Nagaoka, Sadao, Akira Takeishi and Yoshihisa Noro, “Determinants of Firm Boundaries:
Empirical Analysis of the Japanese Auto Industry from 1984 to 2002,” Journal of theJapanese and International Economies, Vol. 22, No. 2, June 2008, pp. 87-206(In Japanese)
Nagaoka, Sadao, “Diversification, its Relatedness and Profitability of Japanese Firms:
1991-2002,” Keizaitokeikenkyu (Journal of the Economy, Trade and Industory
Statistics Association), Vol. 37, No. Ⅲ･Ⅳ , March 2010, pp. 12-27
Nagaoka, Sadao and Naotoshi Tsukada, “Standard-making R&D and Standard-using
R&D: A First Look at their Characteristics Based on Inventor Survey,” Hitotsubashi
Business Review, Vol. 57, No. 3, December 2009, pp. 50-65
Onishi, Koichiro and Sadao Nagaoka, “Structural Characteristics of the Patent
Applications and their Examinations of Important Upstream Inventions in Life
Science Area,” Patent Studies (Tokkyo Kenkyu), No. 48, September 2009, pp. 5-18
Nagaoka, Sadao, “Major Characteristics of Inventive Activities of Japanese University
Researchers: Findings from the Japan-US Inventor Surveys,” Science Journal
KAGAKU, Iwanami Shoten, Vol. 78, No. 9, September 2008, pp. 1030-1034
1.3. Others
Nagaoka, Sadao, “Inventors & Invention Process in Japan: Some Implications on R&D
Governance,” Spotlight, Vol. 27, No. 3, May/June 2008, pp. 14-16(In Japanese)
Nagaoka, Sadao, “R&D and the Role of Government under a Depression: A Need forInvestment Stimulation,” Keizai Kyoshitsu, Nihon Keizai Shimbun, March 10, 2009,
p. 25
Nagaoka, Sadao, “Toward Frontier-opening R&D,” Kigyokaikei (Accounting Magazine),
Chuo Keizaisha, Vol. 60, No. 7, July 2008, pp. 2-3

32

2. Unpublished Work2.1. Working Papers
Walsh, John and Sadao Nagaoka, “Who Invents?: Evidence from the Japan-US Inventor
Survey,” RIETI Discussion Paper 09-E-034, Research Institute of Economy, Tradeand Industry, July 2009
Walsh, John and Sadao Nagaoka, “How 'Open' is Innovation in the U.S. and Japan?:
Evidence from the RIETI-Georgia Tech Inventor Survey,” RIETI Discussion Paper
09-E-022, May 2009
Nagaoka, Sadao and John Walsh, “The R&D Process in the U.S. and Japan: Major
Findings from the RIETI-Georgia Tech Inventor Survey,” RIETI Discussion Paper
09-E-010, March 2009
Nagaoka, Sadao and John Walsh, “Commercialization and Other Uses of Patents in Japanand the U.S.: Major Findings from the RIETI-Georgia Tech Inventor Survey,” RIETI
Discussion Paper 09-E-011, March 2009
Yamauchi, Isamu and Sadao Nagaoka, “Complementary Reforms of Patent Examination
Request System in Japan,” IIR Working Paper WP#08-07, December 2008
(In Japanese)
Takatori, Toshiro, Kenta Nakamura, Sadao Nagaoka and Yuji Honjo, “Alliance between
Pharmaceutical Firms and Bio Startups: A Comparison of Major Japanese, US andEuropean Pharmaceutical Firms,” IIR Working Paper WP#09-07, November 2009
Nishimura, Junichi, Tingting Wang and Sadao Nagaoka, “Issues for Reforming Japanese
R&D System as Seen from Inventors: Summarizing the Inventors' Views,” RIETI
Discussion Paper 09-J-031, October 2009
Honjo, Yuji, Sadao Nagaoka, Kenta Nakamura, Setsuo Morishita and Yumi Shimizu,“Entry and Growth of Japanese Bio Startups,” IIR Working Paper WP#09-06,
August 2009
2.2. Research Reports“Innovation Competition and Antitrust Policy: Focusing on Merger Regulations,” Japan
Fair Trade Commission (JFTC), Competition Policy Research Center (Research
Project Leader: Sadao Nagaoka), March 2009 (in Japanese)“New Intellectual Right Policy for Innovation: Intellectual Property System as Global
Infrastructure,” Japan Patent Office, A Report of the Study Group on Innovation andIntellectual Property Right Policy, (Working Group Chair: Sadao Nagaoka), August
2008 (in Japanese)33

3. Conference Papers, Presentations
Nagaoka, Sadao and Masakatsu Igami, “Initial Results from the Japan Scientists Survey,”
presented at the US-Japan Workshop on Science Collaboration and Productivity, IIR,
National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP) and Georgia Instituteof Technology, March 26, 2010, Tokyo
Nagaoka, Sadao, “Contribution of Science to Industrial Innovation in Japan: Overview
of Evidence from RIETI Inventor Survey,” presented at the Workshop on Sciencefor Innovation: Exploiting and Strengthening the Linkage, RIETI, March 23, 2010,
Tokyo
Nagaoka, Sadao and Natoshi Tsukada, “Standard-Making R&D and Standard-Using
R&D: A First Look at their Characteristics Based on Inventor Survey,” presented at
IPRIA Pacific Rim Innovation Conference 2010, January 21-22, 2010, Melbourne
Nagaoka, Sadao, “Standard-setting and Licensing of Intellectual Property Rights:
Some Lessons and Policy Agenda for Consortium Standard,” presented at OECD
Conference on Knowledge Networks and Markets in Global Economies, November
9, 2009, Paris
Nagaoka, Sadao, “Ownership of Collaborative Research,” presented at the Business Law
and Innovation Conference, Hitotsubashi University, RIETI and Waseda University,
October 30-31, 2009, Tokyo
Yamaguchi, Isamu and Sadao Nagaoka, “Complementary Reforms of Japanese Patent
Examination System,” presented at the 2009 Far East and South Asia Meeting of the
Econometric Society, August 3-5, 2009, Tokyo
Aoki, Reiko and Sadao Nagaoka, “An Economic Analysis of Patent Law Exemption
for Research on a Patented Invention,” presented at the 97th International Applied
Econometrics Association (AEA) Conference, December 19-20, 2008, Tokyo
Nishimura, Yoichiro and Sadao Nagaoka, “An Econometric Assessment of the Effectsof Patent Thickets,” presentd at the 97th International AEA Conference, December
19-20, 2008, Tokyo
Yamauchi, Isamu and Sadao Nagaoka, “Complementary Reforms of Japanese Patent
Examination System,” presented at the 97th International AEA Conference,
December 19-20, 2008, Tokyo
Nagaoka, Sadao, “An Analysis of Unilateral and Cross-licensing: New Evidence fromthe Inventor Survey in Japan,” (Keynote Speech), The 97th International AEA
Conference, December 19-20, 2008, Tokyo
Nagaoka, Sadao, “Invention and Innovation Process of Small Firms in Japanand the US: A Comparative Analysis,” presented at the 2008 TIER-RIETIInternational Workshop on Promoting Innovation and Strengthening International
Competitiveness of SMEs, Taiwan Institute of Economic Research (TIER) and
RIETI, December 2, 2008, Taipei
Owan, Hideo and Sadao Nagaoka, “Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation for Inventors,”presented at the 13th International Joseph A. Schumpeter Society (ISS) Conference,
July 2-5, 2008, Rio de Janeiro

34

Nagaoka, Sadao and John Walsh, “Invention, Commercialization and the Uses of Patents
in Japan and the US: Results from the RIETI-Georgia Tech Inventor Survey,”
presented at the 13th International Conference on Technologial Innovation andDevelopment, ISS, July 2-5, 2008, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Nagaoka, Sadao, “An Analysis of Unilateral and Cross-licensing: New Evidence fromthe Inventor Survey in Japan,” (Keynote Speech), The 25th DRUID Celebration
Conference 2008 on Entrepreneurship and Innovation, June 16, 2008, Copenhagen
Nagaoka, Sadao, “An Analysis of Unilateral and Cross-licensing: New Evidence fromthe Inventor Survey in Japan,” (Keynote Speech), The 25th DRUID Celebration
Conference 2008 on Entrepreneurship and Innovation, June 16, 2008, Copenhagen(In Japanese)
Nagaoka, Sadao and Kenta Nakamura, “The Structure of Alliance and Performance ofMajor Japanese, US and European Pharmaceutical Firms,” presented at the IndustryAcademia Collaboration Workshop “Innovation Process in Semiconductor / Bio
Industries: From the Perspectives of Roadmap and Alliance” Organized by IIR,
March 24, 2010, Tokyo
Nishimura, Yoichiro and Sadao Nagaoka, “Assessment of ' Patent Thickets ' based on
Survey of Intellectual Property Activities of Japanese Firms,” presented at theInternational Workshop “PATSTAT and Patent Statistics,” organized by the Instituteof Intellectual Property and IIR, January 19, 2010, Tokyo
Nagaoka, Sadao, Yuji Honjo, Kenta Nakamura, Setsuo Morishita and Yumi Shimizu,“Mechanism of Entry and Growth of Japanese Biotechnology Firms,” IndustryAcademia Collaboration Workshop “Process and Strategy in Biotechnology
Innovation,” organized by IIR, March 10, 2009, Tokyo
Nagaoka, Sadao, Kenta Nakamura, Yuji Honjo and Toshiro Takatori, “Alliance andPharmaceutical Firms’ Performance: A Comparison of Major Japanese, US, andEuropean Pharmaceutical Firms,” Industry-Academia Collaboration Workshop“Process and Strategy for Biotechnology Innovation,” organized by IIR, March 10,
2009, Tokyo

35

Makoto Nirei■ Education
2002
1996

 h.D. (Economics), University of Chicago
P
M.S. (Economics), The University of Tokyo

1994

B.A. (Economics), The University of Tokyo■ Professional Positions
2008~ Associate Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
2006 Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Carleton University (~2008)
2004

Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Utah State University (~2006)

2001

Postdoctoral Fellow, Santa Fe Institute (~2004)■ Research Achievements
1. Publications
1.1. Articles and Chapters in Books
Mizuno, Takayuki, Makoto Nirei and Tsutomu Watanabe, “Closely Competing Firms
and Price Adjustment: Some Findings from an Online Marketplace,” Scandinavian
Journal of Economics, forthcoming
Nirei, Makoto and Vladyslav Sushko, “Jumps in Foreign Exchange Rates and Stochastic
Unwinding of Carry Trades,” International Review of Economics and Finance,
doi:10.1016/j.iref.2010.07.010, 2010
Nirei, Makoto, “Self-Organized Criticality in a Herd Behavior Model of Financial
Markets,” Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination, Vol. 3, No. 1, June
2008, pp. 89-97
2. Unpublished Work2.1. Working Papers
Nirei, Makoto and Vladyslav Sushko, “Stochastic Herding by Institutional Investment
Managers,” University of California, Santa Cruz, November 2009
Nirei, Makoto, “Pareto Distributions in Economic Growth Models,” IIR Working Paper
WP#09-05, July 2009
Lai, Chaoqun and Makoto Nirei, “Detecting Endogenous Effects by Aggregate
Distributions: A Case of Lumpy Investments,” IIR Working Paper WP#09-03, May
2009
Nirei, Makoto, “Endogenous Fluctuations of Investment and Output in a Model ofDiscrete Capital Adjustments,” IIR Working Paper WP#09-01, April 2009
Nirei, Makoto, “Aggregate Fluctuations of Discrete Investments,” IIR Working Paper
WP#08-08, December 200836

Nirei, Makoto and Sanjib Sarker, “Time-varying Employment Risks and Consumption: A
Quantitative General Equilibrium Study,” IIR Working Paper WP#08-04, September
2008
3. Conference Papers, Presentations
Nirei, Makoto, “Power Laws in Economic Phenomena,” presented at Virtual Center for
Advanced Studies in Institution (VCASI), September 16, 2010
Nirei, Makoto, “Pareto Distributions in Economic Growth Models,” presented at the
Income Distribution and Macroeconomics meetings, NBER Summer Institute, July20, 2010
Nirei, Makoto, “Pareto Distributions in Economic Growth Models,” presented at Chuo
University, July 7, 2010
Mizuno, Takayuki, Makoto Nirei and Tsutomu Watanabe, “Closely Competing Firms
and Price Adjustment: Some Findings from an Online Marketplace,” NBER Japan
Project Meeting (presented by T. Watanabe), June 26, 2010
Nirei, Makoto and Vladyslav Sushko, “Jumps in Foreign Exchange Rates and Stochastic
Unwinding of Carry Trades,” Monetary Policy Workshop, Bank of Japan (presented
by V. Sushko), June 4, 2010
Nirei, Makoto, “Aggregate Fluctuations of Discrete Investments,” presented at
Development Bank of Japan, March 12, 2010
Lai, Chaoqun and Makoto Nirei, “Detecting Domino Effects by Aggregate Distributions:
The Case of Lumpy Investments,” presented at the Workshop on Firm Dynamics at
Nihon University, March 6, 2010
Nirei, Makoto, “Aggregate Fluctuations of Discrete Investments,” presented at Universityof California at Santa Cruz, November 6, 2009
Nirei, Makoto, “Detecting Endogeneous Effects by Aggregate Disributions: The Caseof Lumpy Investments,” presented at the Fall Meetings of the Japanese Economic
Association, October 11, 2009
Nirei, Makoto, “Detecting Endogenous Effects by Aggregate Distributions: The Case of
Lumpy Investments,” presented at the Comparative Analysis of Enterprise Data 2009
Conference, Hitotsubashi University and RIETI, October 4, 2009
Lai, Chaoqun and Makoto Nirei, “Detecting Endogenous Effects by Aggregate
Distributions: A Case of Lumpy Investments,” presented at the University of Tokyo,
April 30, 2009
Nirei, Makoto, “Aggregate Fluctuations of Discrete Investments,” presented at Keio
University, April 13, 2009
Lai, Chaoqun and Makoto Nirei, “Distributional Test for Endogenous Effects: A Case of
Lumpy Investments,” presented at the Applications of Physics in Financial Analysis
7th International Conference, March 1-5, 200937

Nirei, Makoto, “Aggregate Fluctuation of Discrete Investments,” presented at Tohoku
University, February 21, 2009
Nirei, Makoto, “Information Aggregation and Fat Tails in Financial Markets,” presented
at Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies, Bank of Japan, January 12, 2009
Nirei, Makoto, “Aggregate Fluctuations of Discrete Investments,” presented at Nihon
University, December 4, 2008
Nirei, Makoto, “Endogenous Fluctuations of Investment and Output,” presented at
Institute of Economic Research, Kyoto University, November 25, 200838

Toshihiro Nishiguchi■ Education
1990
1981
1977

D.Phil. (Sociology), University of Oxford
M.Sc., Imperial College, University of London
B.A., Waseda University■ Professional Positions
2007
2004

Part-time Director, Defense Procurement Structure Improvement Foundation
Fall; 2005 Summer
Visiting Scholar, Center for International Studies, Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology
2002 Summer; 2003 Summer
Visiting Senior Research Scholar, School of Public Affairs, Center for Public
Policy and Private Enterprise, University of Maryland
2001 Summer
Academic Visitor, The Judge Institute of Management, University of Cambridge
1997~ Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
1994 Associate Professor, Institute of Business Research, Hitotsubashi University
1991 Assistant Professor, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania
1990~ Post-Doctoral Fellow, INSEAD (European Institute of Business Administration)
1986 Research Fellow, International Motor Vehicle Program, Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology (~1989)■ Research Achievements

1. Publications
1.1. Books
Nishiguchi, Toshihiro, An Introduction to Network Thinking: Organizational Strategies in
the Netcentric Age, Tokyo: Toyo Keizai, August 2009, 217 pages
1.2. Articles(In Japanese)
Nishiguchi, Toshihiro, “An Opus Called Asuka Matsumoto: Her Pilgrimage as an Artist
in the Light of Network Theory,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 57, No. 2,
September 2009, pp. 6-23
Tsujita, Motoko and Toshihiro Nishiguchi, “The Poor Can Prosper: The Strength of
Qingtian Merchants' Overseas Networks,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 57,
No. 2, September 2009, pp. 36-51
Tsujita, Motoko and Toshihiro Nishiguchi, “Small-firm Networks in Wenzhou, China:
An Original Study of the Local Apparel Industry,” Shokokinyu, Shoko ResearchInstitute, Vol. 58, No. 4, April 2008, pp. 25-44

39

1.3. Others(In Japanese)
Nishiguchi, Toshihiro, “A Reply to Professor Tsutomu Nakano's Critique,” Sociological
Theory and Methods, Japanese Association for Mathematical Sociology (JAMS),
Vol. 24, No. 2, 2009, pp. 357-359
Nishiguchi, Toshihiro, “Network Thinking and its Applications,” Communication Seed,
Nippon Keidanren Business Services, September 2009-July 2010, A Serial (1-10)
Nishiguchi, Toshihiro, “Secrets of One's Life: Structuring Luck,” Organizational Science,
Shiten (Point of View), Vol. 41, No. 4, June 20, 2008, p. 83
Nishiguchi, Toshihiro, “Social Systems Theory,” Social Welfare Research Quarterly,
Meiji Yasuda Institute of Life and Wellness, Vol. 17, No.2, 2008, pp. 4-23
2.1. Research Reports(In Japanese)“An Exploratory Study of New Models of Defense Procurement (3): From a Standpointof Management Accounting,” Defense Procurement Structure Improvement
Foundation, (Research Project Leader: Toshihiro Nishiguchi), March 2010
“An International Comparative Study of Accounting Officers and Chief Financial
Officers in Central Government: Toward Institutional Reforms in Defense
Procurement,” Defense Procurement Structure Improvement Foundation (Research
Project Leader: Toshihiro Nishiguchi), March 2009
“An Exploratory Study of New Models of Defense Procurement (2),” Defense
Procurement Structure Improvement Foundation (Research Project Leader: Toshihiro
Nishiguchi), March 2009
3. Conference Papers, Presentations
Nishiguchi, Toshihiro, “An Introduction to Network Thinking: Organizational Strategies
in the Netcentric Age,” Japan Academy of International Business Studies, Kanto
Division, September 18, 2009, Tokyo (Invited Speech, in Japanese)40

Kentaro Nobeoka■ Education
2001
1993
1988
1981

Ph.D. (Business Administration), Kobe University
Ph.D. (Business Administration), Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology
M.B.A., Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
B.S. (Engineering), Osaka University■ Professional Positions
2008~ Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
1999 Professor, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe
University (~2008)
1994 Associate Professor, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration,
Kobe University (~1999)
1981 Mazda Motor Corporation (~1989)■ Research Achievements
1. Publications
1.1. Articles and Chapters in Books(In Japanese)
Kudo, Hideo and Kentaro Nobeoka, “Business Case / Panasonic: Development of IH
Cooking Heater,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 58, No. 2, September 2010, pp.
124-141
Yonekura, Seiichiro, Kentaro Nobeoka and Yaichi Aoshima, “No More Lost Decade forJapan: How to Revitalize her Competitiveness,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol.
58, No. 2, September 2010, pp. 12-31
Nobeoka, Kentaro, “Management of Technology to Capture Value: Importance of Nonfunctional Value,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 57, No. 4, March 2010, pp.
6-19
Nobeoka, Kentaro and Yasunari Takasugi, “Creating Non-functional Value of Industrial
Products: Keyence Case,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 57, No. 4, March
2010, pp. 52-64
Nobeoka, Kentaro, “Problems for Japanese Manufacturing Firms to Create Value,”in Sunder, Shyam and Hidetoshi Yamaji, eds., Manufacturing and Technology
Management in Japan: Organization-oriented Accounting and International
Accounting, Kobe Economic & Business Research Series, Kobe University, March
2009, Chapter 3, pp. 57-76
Takeda, Yoko, Yaichi Aoshima, Kentaro Nobeoka, Chaisung Lim and Shide Won,
“Comparative Study of Impact of 3D-Based Design on Product Development
Process and Performance in Japan, China and Korea,” Yokohama Journal ofTechnology Management Studies, No. 8, March 2009, pp. 53-61

41

Nobeoka, Kentaro and Komei Iwasaki, “Business Case / Keyence: Management
Philosophy that Aims at Contributions to the Society by Creating Value,”
Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 56, No. 4, March 2009, pp. 112-128
1.2. Others(In Japanese)
Nobeoka, Kentaro, “Frontier of Management Studies: the Essence of Technology
Management and Value Creation (1)-(8) ,” Yasashii Keizaigaku, Nihon Keizai
Shimbun, January 15-26, 2009
Nobeoka, Kentaro, “Strategy and Management that Strengthen Japanese Manufacturing
Firms,” Management Trend, Keiei-Kenkyujo, Vol. 12, No. 4, 2008, pp. 2-10
2. Unpublished Work2.1. Working Papers(In Japanese)
Nobeoka, Kentaro, “Technology that Produces Sustainable Competitiveness:
A Comparison of Innovative Technologies and Accumulated-knowledge
Technologies,” IIR Working Paper WP#10-04, August 2010
Takeda, Yoko, Yaichi Aoshima and Kentaro Nobeoka, “Capabilities of Technology
Utilization and Technology Integration: Impact of 3D Technologies on ProductDevelopment Process and Performance in Japan and China,” IIR Working Paper
WP#10-02, June 2010
Nobeoka, Kentaro, “Value Creation and Value Capture at Manufacturing Firms:
Importance of Non-functional Value,” IIR Working Paper WP#10-01, April 2010
Nobeoka, Kentaro, “Technology Management to Create Value: Creation and Managementof Non-functional Premium Value,” IIR Working Paper WP#08-05, October 2008
3. Conference Papers, Presentations(In Japanese)
Nobeoka, Kentaro, “Technology Management to Create Value: Management of Nonfunctional Premium Value,” presented at the Conference Series of the Academic
Association for Organizational Science, September 28, 2010, Mitsubishi Building
Conference Square M+, Tokyo
Nobeoka, Kentaro, “Technology Management to Create Value,” presented at the
Manufacturing Management Research Center, the University of Tokyo, 65th Tokyo
University MMRC Consortium Meeting, February 18, 2010, the University of Tokyo

42

Nobeoka, Kentaro, “Technology Management to Create Value: Management of Nonfunctional Premium Value,” presented at the 2009 Symposium of the Institute of
Image Information and Television Engineers, August 28, 2009, Kogakuin University
Nobeoka, Kentaro, “Management of Non-functional Premium Value,” presented at the2009 Conference of the Academic Association for Organizational Science, June 7,
2009, Tohoku University

43

Hiroshi Shimizu■ Education
2007
2002
1999
1997

Ph.D. (Economic History) London School of Economics and Political Science,
University of London
M.A. (History) Northwestern University
M.A. (Commerce) Hitotsubashi University
B.A. (Commerce) Chuo University■ Professional Positions
2008~ Assistant Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
2007 Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Technology Management, Eindhoven
University of Technology■ Research Achievements
1. Publications
1.1. Articles and Chapters in Books
Shimizu, Hiroshi, “Pitfalls of Open Innovation: Technological Trajectory in Laser Diodes
in the United States and Japan,” Business and Economic History On-Line, Vol. 9,
forthcoming 2010
Yonekura, Seiichiro and Hiroshi Shimizu, “Entrepreneurship in Pre-world War II
Japan: The Role and Logic of the Zaibatsu,” in Landes, David, Joel Mokyr andWilliam Baumol, eds., The Invention of Enterprise: Entrepreneurship from Ancient
Mesopotamia to Modern Times, NJ: Princeton University Press, March 2010, pp.
501-526
Shimizu, Hiroshi and Takashi Hirao, “Inter-Organizational Collaboration in
Semiconductor Laser Technology in the U.S. and Japan: University-Industry
Relation,” International Journal of Global Business and Competitiveness, Vol. 4,
No. 1, December 2009, pp. 15-21
Shimizu, Hiroshi and Takashi Hirao, “Inter-organizational Collaborative Research
Networks in Semiconductor Lasers 1975-1994,” The Social Science Journal, Vol. 46,
No. 2, June 2009, pp. 233-251(In Japanese)
Yonekura, Seiichiro and Hiroshi Shimizu “Industrial Association in Japan: Coevolutionof Industrial Policy and Firms’ Capability,” in Okazaki, Tetsuji, ed., Seido Tenkanki
no Kigyō to Shijō (Firms and Markets at Institutional Transition), Minerva Shobō,
forthcoming 2010
Shimizu, Hiroshi, “Science and Technology in the Lost Two Decades: R&D Efficiency
and Changes in Resource Allocation,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 58, No. 2,
2010, pp. 58-72

44

1.2. Others(Book Review)
Kim, Yongdo, Japan's Integrated Circuit (IC) Industry in the 1960s and 1970s: theDynamics of Cooperative Development by Users and Manufactures / BusinessHistory Review, forthcoming 2010
Schaede, Ulrike, Choose and Focus: Japanese Business Strategies for the 21st Century /The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 69, No. 3, August 2010, pp. 916-918
2. Unpublished Work2.1. Working Papers
Fontana, Roberto, Alessandro Nuvolari, Hiroshi Shimizu and Andrea Vezzulli, “TheNature of Inventive Activities: Evidence from a Data-Set of R&D Awards,” IIR
Working Paper WP#09-09, December 2009
Shimizu, Hiroshi and Takashi Hirao, “Collaborative Research Networks in
Semiconductor Laser Technology, 1960-2000: A Comparative Perspective on
Networks and Breakthroughs in the United States and Japan,” Business andEconomic History On-Line, Vol. 6, 2008
(In Japanese)
Kudo, Satoshi and Hiroshi Shimizu, “Toshiba: the Development of 0.6μm Visible Light
Semiconductor Lasers,” IIR Case Study CASE#10-01, January 2010
3. Conference Papers, Presentations
Shimizu, Hiroshi, “Pitfalls of Open Innovation: Technological Trajectory in Laser Diodes
in the United States and Japan,” presented at the Business History Conference 2010
Annual Meeting, March 26, 2010, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
Shimizu, Hiroshi, “Scientific and Technological Breakthroughs and Networks in theCase of Semiconductor Laser Technology in the U.S. and Japan,” presented at theInternational Conference on Business History (Formerly Fuji Conference), January
9-10, 2010, Hitotsubashi University
Shimizu, Hiroshi and Takashi Hirao, “Networking and Scientific Breakthrough in
Semiconductor Laser Technology in the U.S. and Japan,” presented at the 4th
European Conference on Entrepreneurship and Innovation, September 10-11, 2009,
The University of Antwerp, Belgium
Fontana, Roberto, Alessandro Nuvolari, Hiroshi Shimizu and Andrea Vezzulli, “TheSources of Invention 1963-2005, Evidence from a Dataset of R&D Awards,”
presented at the 6th European Meeting on Applied Evolutionary Economics, May 22,
2009, Max Planck Institute of Economics
Shimizu, Hiroshi, “Breakthrough Illusions in the Case of Semiconductor Laser
Technology in the US and Japan,” presented at the Asia-Pacific Economic andBusiness History Conference, Economic Histroy Society of Australia and New
Zealand, February 18-20, 2009, Tokyo

45

Shimizu, Hiroshi, “The Ingenious Crowd: Great British Inventors and their Patents”(coauthors: Christine MaCleod and Alessandro Nuvorari), presented at the97th International Conference on Patent and Innovation, Applied Econometrics
Association, December 19-20, 2008, Tokyo
Shimizu, Hiroshi, “Collaborative Research Networks in Semiconductor Laser
Technology, 1960-2000: A Comparative Perspective on Networks and Breakthroughsin the United States and Japan,” presented at the Business History Conference,
Annual Meeting, April 10-12, 2008, Sacramento, California(In Japanese)
Shimizu, Hiroshi and Takashi Hirao, “Scientific Breakthroughs in Semiconductor Lasers:
Scientists’ Mobility and Network,” presented at the 59th Annual Meeting of theJapan Society for Commodity Science, June 2008, Nagano

46

Seiichiro Yonekura■ Education
1990
1981
1979
1977

Ph.D. (History), Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
M.A. (Japanese Business History), Faculty of Social Studies, Hitotsubashi
University
B.A. (Japanese Economic History), Faculty of Economics, Hitotsubashi
Univer-sity
B.A. (Japanese History), Faculty of Social Studies, Hitotsubashi University■ Professional Positions
2008~ Director, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
2004 Spring
Visiting Professor, Institute du Management Bouygues, HEC, (France)2003
2003 Co-president, Institute of Strategy, Sony Corporation (~2004)
2003 Spring
Visiting Professor, Institute du Management Bouygues, HEC (France)
2001 Fall
J.A. Valentine Visiting Professor, Department of Marketing, University of Otago(New Zealand)
1999 Director, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University (~2001)
1997~ Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
1995 Professor, Institute of Business Research, Hitotsubashi University
1992 Core Faculty of Global Leadership Program at the University of Michigan(An Executive Program for Action Learning) (~1995)
1988 Associate Professor, Institute of Business Research, Hitotsubashi University
1984 Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Research, Hitotsubashi University
1982 Senior Research Assistant, Institute of Business Research, Hitotsubashi University■ Research Achievements
1. Publications
1.1. Articles and Chapters in Books
Yonekura, Seiichiro and Hiroshi Shimizu, “Entrepreneurship in Pre-world War II
Japan: The Role and Logic of the Zaibatsu,” in Landes, David, Joel Mokyr andWilliam Baumol, eds., The Invention of Enterprise: Entrepreneurship from Ancient
Mesopotamia to Modern Times, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010, pp. 501-526(In Japanese)
Yonekura, Seiichiro, Kentaro Nobeoka and Yaichi Aoshima, “No More Lost Decade forJapan: How to Revitalize her Competitiveness,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol.
58, No. 2, September 2010, pp. 12-31
Yonekura, Seiichiro, “Innovation Activities at SME in Japan: Analysis on 'the Good
Company Award',” The 2009 Annual Report of the Small and Medium BusinessResearch Institute, 2009, pp. 3-29

47

Yonekura, Seiichiro and Hiroshi Shimizu “Industrial Association in Japan: Coevolutionof Industrial Policy and Firms’ Capability,” in Okazaki, Tetsuji, ed., Seido Tenkanki
no Kigyō to Shijō (Firms and Markets at Institutional Transition), Minerva Shobō,
forthcoming 2010
Yonekura, Seiichiro and Yasushi Hara “From Visible Hand to Vanishing Hand,” inShiomi, Haruhito and Takeo Kikkawa, eds., Global Strategy: A Comparative
Analysis in the US-Japan, The University of Nagoya Press, October 2008, pp. 12-43
1.2. Others(In Japanese)
Yonekura, Seiichiro, “Innovation and Entrepreneurship,” Business Risk Management,
Business Education Center Co., Ltd., Vol. 24, No. 4, 2009, pp. 4-7
Yonekura, Seiichiro and Rieko Ota, tr. “Historical Learning for the 21st Century: The
Last Words of Professor Alfred D. Chandler, Jr. (5)-(11),” Hitotsubashi Business
Review, Vol. 56, No. 1-Vo. 57, No. 3, June 2008-December 2009
Yonekura, Seiichiro, “Japan Should Launch Human Rocket?,” Ronten, Mainichi
Shimbun, June 27, 2008, p. 7
Yonekura, Seiichiro, “Post Information Asymmetry: A New Role of Top and Middle
Management,” Omni-Management, Nippon Omni-Management Association, Vol. 17,
No. 11, November 2008, pp. 2-7(Book Review)
Schaede, Ulrike, Choose and Focus: Japanese Business Strategies for the 21st Century /Japanese Journal of Political Science, forthcoming 2010
2. Conference Papers, Presentations
Yonekura, Seiichiro, “Decision Science in Japan,” presented at the International Decision
Science Academy, January 5, 2009, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay

48

II. Researchers

3. International Visiting Researchers — Apr. 2008~ Mar. 2010
Carlos Ramirez
Associate Professor, HEC Graduate School of Management
May 25, 2009 – August 27, 2009

Induk Suh
Professor, Yeungnam University
September 1, 2008 – November 28, 2008

Kirankumar Momaya
Associate Professor, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
July 1, 2008 – December 26, 2008

49

50

III. Education

51

III. Education

1. Courses Given by the IIR Faculty Members — Apr. 2008 ~ Mar. 2010
Fiscal Year
2008

2009

KarubeNobeoka
Nishiguchi
Yonekura

Aoshima
Nobeoka
Nishiguchi
Yonekura
Eto
Nagaoka

Graduate School of Commerce and Management
Master’s and Doctoral Program[Courses provided by the Innovation kozas]

Advanced Innovation Management
Innovation, Strategy and Organization
Interorganizational Relations
History of Technology and Entrepreneurship
Innovation, the Firm and Institution
Economic Analysis of Innovation
Innovation and Human Resource Development
Special Lecture: International Comparison of Innovation (including
those by the IIR Visiting Professors)

Nagaoka
Chuma
Yonekura/Momaya Yonekura/Shimizu/
Ramirez[Courses provided by the Business Economics kozas]

Advanced Industrial Economics

Nirei

MBA Program

Business Economics (Competition and Strategy)
Entrepreneurship
Corporate Organization
Technology Strategy
Strategic Analysis
Workshop: Innovation
Workshop: Industry
Workshop: Technology and Organization
Special Lecture: Innovation and Modularity
Workshop: Management B (Industry and Technology)

Nagaoka
Yonekura
Aoshima
KarubeChuma
Nagaoka
Aoshima

Nagaoka
Aoshima
Nobeoka
KarubeChuma
NagaokaSenior Executive Program

Nobeoka,
Aoshima, Karube

KarubeUndergraduate Program in the Faculty of Commerce and Management

Innovation Management
Business History
Production and Operation Management
Proseminar (Intensive Readings)
Undergraduate Introductory Seminar I
Undergraduate Introductory Seminar II

Chuma/Nishiguchi Chuma/Nishiguchi
Yonekura
KarubeNirei, Shimizu
KarubeNishiguchi
Chuma, Yonekura,
Eto, Aoshima,
Shimizu

Graduate School of Economics
Master’s and Doctoral Program

Workshop: Industry and Labor

Chuma/
Nagaoka*Note: * indicates a joint lecture with other faculty member(s) than those in the IIR.

52

Chuma/
Nagaoka*III. Education

2. The IIR Library
The IIR library has collected basic resources for research on private firms since the days of its predecessor,
the Institute of Business Research (IBR), and offers its services to researchers and students inside andoutside the university. The library has 95,158 books (Japanese, 75,582; Foreign, 19,576) and 872 magazines(Japanese, 621; Foreign, 251) as of April 2010.
The most distinctive characteristic of the IIR Libray is that it has large collections of financial statements,
company histories, and biographies and profiles of top executives. The collection of company histories
includes 8,912 books (Japanese, 7,400; Foreign, 1,512), and biographies and profiles of top executives,
6,897 books (Japanese, 6,245; Foreign, 652) as of April 2010. Upon the reorganization from the IBR to
the IIR, the libary has made some changes in the types of books and magazines it has been available. Morespecifically, it has increased the number of books on innovation research, almanacs and resources on the
hi-tech industry, and magazines of technology management.

53

54

IV. Research Results / Publications

55

IV. Research Results / Publications

1. Hitotsubashi Business Review — Apr. 2008 ~ Mar. 2010
To publish the findings of its research activities, the IIR issues a quarterly journal, called the Hitotsubashi
Business Review (in Japanese). The rationale in editing the journal is to promote the theoretical andempirical study of innovation in a social and economic context. The editorial board comprises professors
from several universities and company advisors, as well as IIR professors.

■ Contents

Title of Special Issues
Vol.57 No.4

“Management of Technology for Value Creation”

Vol.57 No.3

“Global Standards Can Change the Competition”

Vol.57 No.2

“Network Frontiers”

Vol.57 No.1

“Social Innovation”

Vol.56 No.4

“Sports as Business”

Vol.56 No.3

“M&A and Corporate Value”

Vol.56 No.2

“Monodukuri (Open Manufacturing) Management: A Concept from Japan”

Vol.56 No.1

“Japanese Business System”

Featured Papers
IssueVol. / No.

Mar.
2010

Vol.57
No.4

Title

Author(s)“Management of Technology to Capture Value:
Importance of Non-functional Value”

Kentaro Nobeoka(Professor, IIR)

“Marketing Management of Emerging Values”

Junzo Ishii(President, University of Marketing and Distribution Sciences)“Too Visible to Profit: Visibility Trap in Managing Innovation”

Ken Kusunoki(Associate Professor, ICS, Hitotsubashi University)“Creating Non-functional Value of Industrial
Products: Keyence Case”

Kentaro Nobeoka/Yasunari Takasugi (Professor, IIR; CEO, Kigyo kyosoryoku kenkyujo)“Changes of the Value-space in Past, Present and Junji Miyahara(Professor, Graduate School of Management of
Future”
Science and Technology, Tokyo University of
Science)56

Featured Papers (continued)
Issue

Vol. / No.

Dec.
2009

Vol.57
No.3

Title

Author(s)“Business Impacts of Global Standards: Competi- Manabu Eto(Professor, IIR)
tion Has Changed by the Testing Standards”“International Standardization and Business
Model: International Standardization as a Global
Innovation System”

Koichi Ogawa(Professor, Intellectual Asset Based Management Endowed Chair, Organization for Interdisciplinary Research Projects, University ofTokyo)“Running a Global Business or Setting International Standards: JR East's "Suica" as an Example”

Setsuo Harada(Japanese Standards Association)

Sadao Nagaoka/Naotoshi Tsukada“Standard-making R&D and Standard-using
R&D: A First Look at Their Characteristics Based (Professor; Research Associate, IIR)
on Inventor Survey”“Strategic Miscalculation of Qualcomm: Conse- Jinzo Fujino(Professor, Graduate School of Management of
quences of Patent Battles with Competitors”
Science and Technology, Tokyo University of
Science)

Sep.
2009

Vol.57
No.2“Strategic Implications on IBM's IT Standards
Policy”

Yoshihiko Enomoto(Yamato Laboratory, IBM Japan, Ltd.)“Business Model Innovation”

Ikujiro Nonaka/Koichiro Tokuoka(Emeritus Professor, ICS, Hitotsubashi University; Senior Vice President, Fleishman-Hillard
Japan Inc.)“An Opus Called Asuka Matsumoto: Her Pilgrimage as an Artist in the Light of Network
Theory”

Toshihiro Nishiguchi(Professor, IIR)

“Problems of Current Network-Analysis Research”

Yuki Yasuda(Professor, Faculty of Sociology, Kansai
University)“The Poor Can Prosper: The Strength of Qingtian Motoko Tsujita/Toshihiro Nishiguchi(Associate Professor, Department of EconomMerchants' Overseas Networks”
ics, Ryukoku University; Professor, IIR)
“How to Apply Network Analysis to Your Business: A Practical Introduction”

Jun Kanamitsu(Associate Professor, Faculty of Business Administration, Kyoto Sangyo University)“Regional Industrial Structure from a Network
Perspective: Discovery of Small World”

Ichiro Sakata/Yuya Kajikawa(Professor, Todai Policy Alternatives ResearchInstitute, University of Tokyo; AssistantProfessor, School of Engineering, Universityof Tokyo)“Business Architectures, Service-oriented Approaches and ICT Support: The Relevance andAdaptation of Commercial Solutions to UK
Military Needs”

Anthony Jordan/Geoff Markham(Consultant; QinetiQ)

57

Featured Papers (continued)
Issue

Vol. / No.

Jun.
2009

Vol.57
No.1

Title

Author(s)“Social Business as the Future of the Capitalism: Muhammad Yunus(President, Grameen Bank)
Let's Put the Poverty in the Museum”“Social Innovation: Guidance to the Discussion” Takashi Watanabe(Professor, Graduate School of Engineering
Management, Shibaura Institute of Technology)“Social Business and Social Innovation”

Kanji Tanimoto(Professor, C&M, Hitotsubashi University)“Social Recognition and Enterprise Creation by Masakazu Shimada
Faculty of Business Administration,
Entrepreneur Eiichi Shibusawa in the Meiji Era” (Professor,
Bunkyo Gakuin University)“Reports: Future-oriented Local Community and [1] Hiroki Hayashi/Tomoko Tsuji (Professor, Soc., Hitotsubashi University; BusinessSocial Business”
Consultant)[2] Kenichi Goto (LLP Basho bunka kiko)[3] Hideto Kawakita (International Institute for
Human, Organization and the Earth)

Mar.
2009

Vol.56
No.4“The Character, the Structure and the Risk of the Ichiro Hirose(Total Sports Strategies)
Sports-League Industry”“Management of Professional Football Clubs and Yasuaki Muto
(Professor, School of Sport Sciences, Waseda
the League in Japan: Past and the Future”
University)“Managerial Economics of the Grand Sumo”

Takanobu Nakajima(Visiting Professor, Faculty of Business andCommerce, Keio University)“The State of Baseball Business”

Itaru Kobayashi(Professor, Faculty of Sociology, Edogawa
University)“A Crisis of Nippon Professional Baseball and Takeo Kikkawa(Professor, C&M, Hitotsubashi University)
Hanshin Tigers”“High School Baseball and Education: Past, Pres- Haruo Wakimura(Former Chairman, Japan High School Baseent, and Future”
ball Federation)“Strategy Follows People: Theory of Knowledge- Ikujiro Nonaka/Koichiro Tokuoka(Emeritus Professor, ICS, Hitotsubashi Univercreating Human-Centric Management”
sity; Senior Vice President, Fleishman-Hillard
Japan Inc.)

Dec.
2008

Vol.56
No.3“Creating Corporate Value through Synergizing
Intangibles”

Kunio Ito/Tetsuyuki Kagaya(Professor; Associate Professor, C&M, Hitotsubashi University)“Key Success Factors of M&A: Mainly about
Japanese Outbound Deals”

Nobumichi Hattori(Professor, ICS, Hitotsubashi University)“The Function and Financial Impact of Corporate Kensuke Yabe
(Associate Professor, Nagoya University of
Reorganizations in Japan”
Commerce & Business)“M&A and Corporate Value: From the View
Point of Legal Liability and Code of Contact of
Directors”

Masakatzu Iwakura(Nishimura & Asahi Law Office)“What Determines the M&A Decision: Focusing Yasuhiro Arikawa/Hideaki Miyajima(Associate Professor, Graduate School ofon Governance Structure and Organization”
Finance; Professor, Graduate School of Commerce, Waseda University)58

Featured Papers (continued)
Issue

Vol. / No.

Sep.
2008

Vol.56
No.2

Title

Author(s)“A Study for Generic and Explicit Knowledge on Jewheon Oh/Noriyuki Hashimoto/Takeaki
Wada
the Integrated Manufacturing System”(Asso. Prof., School of Global Japanese Studies, Meiji Univ.; Researcher, Shinshu Univ.;
Researcher, Univ. of Tokyo)“The Application of the Concept of "Monodukuri" into the Service Industry”

Seunghwan Ku/Ryusuke Kosuge/Hidenori
Sato/Takashi Matsuo(Asso. Prof., GS of Mgt., Kyoto Sangyo
Univ.; Reseacher; PhD Student, Univ. of Tokyo; Asso. Prof., Tokyo Metropolitan Univ.)“Architecture Based Analysis on International
Technology Transfer and International Divisionof Labor”

Junjiro Shintaku/Hirofumi Tatsumoto/Tetsuo
Yoshimoto/Junichi Tomita/Youngwon Park
Masahiro Imaeda(Asso. Prof., GS of Eco., Univ. of Tokyo;
Researcher; Asso. Prof., Ritsumeikan Univ.;
Assi. Prof., Toyo Univ.; Researcher, Univ. ofTokyo)

Tomofumi Amano/Koichi Nakagawa/Kiyo“The Integration Capability of Global Strategy
Ohki
and Corporate Reorganization: The Case of HDD hiro
(Asso. Prof., GS of Eco., Univ. of Tokyo;
Industry”
Assi. Prof., GS of Bus. Ad., Komazawa Univ.;
PhD Student, Univ. of Tokyo)“Licensing and Invention for Patent Strategy”

Naoko Kishi/Nobuo Takahashi(Assi. Prof., Fac. of Eco., Meiji Gakuin Univ.;
Prof., Univ. of Tokyo)“Complexity of Artifacts and Competitiveness of Takahiro Fujimoto/Shingo Okuma/Yasunori
WatanabeIndustries”(Prof., GS of Eco., Univ. of Tokyo; PhD

Student, Kyushu Univ.; Researcher, Univ. ofTokyo)

Jun.
2008

Vol.56
No.1“"Narative Approach" to Strategy”

Ikujiro Nonaka/Noboru Konno(Emer. Prof., ICS, Hitotsubashi Univ.; KIRO)“Invisible Profits: An Interpretation of the Business System”

Kazuhiro Mishina(Professor, Graduate School of Business
Administration, Kobe University)“Business Systems in the Japanese Traditional
Industry: The Case of "hanamachi" in Kyoto”

Kumiko Nishio(Associate Professor, Department for the
Study of Contemporary Society, Kyoto
Women’s University)“Management and Business System of Privately
Owned Railway Companies”

Fumitoshi Mizutani(Professor, Grauduate School of Business
Administraion, Kobe University)“Multi-dimentional Competition by Business
Systems in Video Game Industry”

Kei Kuriki(Associate Professor, Grauduate School ofBusiness Administration, Kobe University)“Competitiveness of Japanese Retailers: Business Lin Huang/Donghao Li(Professor, Grauduate School of Business
Development of Ito-Yokado in China”
Administration, Kobe University; Associate
Professor, Graduate School of Economics,
Wakayama University)“Value-Creation Mechanism under the Japanese- Mitsutoshi Hirano/Yasuhiko Uchida/Ryuta
SuzukiStyle Career System”(Professor, Grauduate School of Business

Administration, Kobe University; Associate
Professor, Faculty of Economics, Yamaguchi
University; Associate Professor, Graduate
School of Business Administration, Kobe
University)

59

Business Cases
Issue

Vol./No.

Mar.
2010

Vol.57
No.4

Dec.
2009

Sep.
2009

Jun.
2009

Mar.
2009

Dec.
2008

Sep.
2008

60

Vol.57
No.3

Vol.57
No.2

Vol.57
No.1

Vol.56
No.4

Vol.56
No.3

Vol.56
No.2

Title

Author(s)SEIREN Co., Ltd.

Hideki Yoshihara(Prof., Graduate School of Business
Administration, Nanzan Univ. )Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd.

Chiyokazu Ikeda(Consultant, HAKUHODO BRANDCONSULTING INC.)

House Foods Corp.

Atsushi Osanai(Asso. Prof., Research Institute for Economics
and Business Administration, Kobe Univ.)

I.S.T

Yoshio Ono(Asso. Prof., Faculty of Commerce, Kansai
Univ.)JSR Corporation:

Hiroyuki Chuma(Professor, IIR)

Nichia Corporation

Shigemi Yoneyama(Prof., Faculty of Economics, Musashi Univ.)

bitWallet, Inc.

Yaichi Aoshima/Osamu Suzuki/Atsushi Osanai(Asso. Prof., IIR; Asso. Prof., Institute ofBusiness and Accounting, Professional
Graduate School, Kwansei Gakuin Univ.;
Senior Asso. Prof., Research Institute for
Economics and Business Administration, Kobe
Univ.)TAISHUKAN Publishing Co., Ltd.

Fumie Ando/Kengo Uratai(Asso. Prof., Graduate School of Business
Administration, Nanzan Univ.; Graduated from
Graduate School of Business Administration,
Nanzan Univ.)

KEYENCE CORPORATION

Kentaro Nobeoka/Komei Iwasaki(Prof., IIR; President, WINS)

Raytex Corporation

Noriko Taji/Shingo Igarashi(Prof., Faculty of Business Administration,
Hosei Univ.; Asso. Prof., Venture BusinessLaboratory, Kyushu Univ.)

Kumon Educational Japan

Yoshinori Fujikawa/Kenichi Suzuki/Frederik
Ditlev Otte-Trojel(Asso. Prof., ICS, Hitotsubashi Univ.; MasterCourse at ICS)CITIZEN WATCH CO., LTD.

Osamu Suzuki(Asso. Prof., Institute of Business andAccounting, Professional Graduate School,
Kwansei Gakuin Univ.)

FUJIFILM Corporation

Akira Takeishi/Junji Miyahara/Tomono Miki
(Prof., Graduate School of Economics, Kyoto
Univ.; Prof., Graduate School of Managementof Science and Technology, Tokyo Univ. of
Science; Junior Fellow, C&M, Hitotsubashi
Univ.)

Resona Holdings, Inc. (2)Ryuji Yausda/Hideki Kawada(Prof., ICS, Hitotsubashi Univ.; Doctoral
Course at ICS)Business Cases (continued)
IssueVol./No.

Jun.
2008

Vol.56
No.1

Title

Author(s)Resona Holdings, Inc. (1)Ryuji Yausda/Hideki Kawada(Prof., ICS, Hitotsubashi Univ.; Doctoral
Course at ICS)

Wuxi Little Swan Co., Ltd.

Yaichi Aoshima/Jinwei Zhu/Ng Shuk Yee Sally(Asso. Prof., IIR; Prof., Business School,
Jiangnan Univ.; Lecturer, Faculty of Business
Administration, Asia University)

Columns
Issue

Vol./No.

Title

AuthorMar. 2010

Vol.57 No.4

Jinseigiron (1)Jun. 2008Dec. 2009Vol.56 No.1Vol.57 No.3

Alfred D. Chandler, Jr.
Historical Learning for the 21stCentury: The Last Words of Profes- Tr, Seiichiro Yonekura (Professor, IIR)
sor Alfred .D. Chandler, Jr. (5)-(11)Toshihiro Kanai(Professor, Graduate School of Business
Administration, Kobe University)

Leaders of MOT
Issue

Vol./No.

Interviewee

Interviewer(s)

Mar.
2010

Vol.57
No.4

Takasu Hidemi(Executive Director, ROHM Co., Ltd.)

Dec..
2009

Vol.57
No.3

Kentaro Nobeoka
Emiko Hamada(Associate Professor, Center for Social Contribution and Collabora- Yaichi Aoshimation, Nagoya Institute of Technology / Former R Technical Manager, TAIYO YUDEN Co., Ltd.)

Sep.
2009

Vol.57
No.2

Takatoshi Okubo(CPO, Sumitomo 3M Limited)

Kentaro Nobeoka
Yaichi Aoshima

Jun.
2009

Vol.57
No.1

Takao Kijima(Program Development Division, Mazda Motor Corporation)

Kentaro Nobeoka
Yaichi Aoshima

Mar.
2009

Vol.56
No.4

Kentaro Nobeoka
Keiji Yamada(Director, C & C Innovation Research Laboratories, NEC Corpora- Yaichi Aoshima
tion)

Dec.
2008

Vol.56
No.3

Seiichiro Yonekura
Mamoru Yoshida(Vice President, AVC Networks Company, Panasonic Corporation)

Kentaro Nobeoka
Yaichi Aoshima

61Serials
IssueVol./No.

Title

Author(s)Mar. 2010
Mar. 2009Vol.57 No.4
Vol.56 No.4

Porter Prize 2009
Porter Prize 2008

Emi Osono(Associate Professor, ICS, Hitotsubashi
University)

Jun. 2008Dec. 2009Vol.56 No.1Vol.57 No.3

Competitive Strategy as a Narrative
Story (1)-(7)Ken Kusunoki(Associate Professor, ICS, Hitotsubashi
University)

Mar. 2010

Vol.57 No.4

From My Bookshelf: The Structureof Scientific Revolutions (Thomas S.
Kuhn)

Hiroshi Shimizu(Assistant Professor, IIR)

Commentaries on Key Words

62

Issue

Vol./No.

Title

AuthorMar.
2010

Vol.57
No.4

Fair Value Measurement

Hironori Fukukawa(Associate Professor, C&M, Hitotsubashi
University)

Dec.
2009

Vol.57
No.3

Consumer Choice

Mototaka Sakashita(Associate Professor, Keio Business School)

Sep.
2009

Vol.57
No.2

New and Reusable Energy

Minoru Shimamoto(Associate Professor, C&M, Hitotsubashi
University)

Jun.
2009

Vol.57
No.1

Social Entrepreneur

Hideki Kawada(Assistant Professor, ICS, Hitotsubashi
University)

Mar.
2009

Vol.56
No.4

Work Life Balance

Renge Jibu
(Reporter, Nikkei Business Associe, Nikkei
Business Publications, Inc.)

Dec.
2008

Vol.56
No.3

Operations Management

Hiroshi Kanno(Prorfessor, ICS, Hitotsubashi University)

Sep.
2008

Vol.56
No.2

Mentoring

Ryuta Suzuki(Associate Professor, Graduate School ofBusiness Administration, Kobe University)

Jun.
2008

Vol.56
No.1

Harmonization of Patent System

Yoichiro Nishimura(Associate Professor, Faculty of Economics,
Kanagawa University)

Management Forum
Issue

Vol./No.

Interviewee

Interviewer(s)

Mar.
2010

Vol.57
No.4

Koichiro Tsujino(Google Japan)

Seiichiro Yonekura

Dec..
2009

Vol.57
No.3

Masayuki Makino(Works Applications)

Seiichiro Yonekura

Sep.
2009

Vol.57
No.2

Kaneto Kanemoto(OKWave)

Seiichiro Yonekura/

Jun.
2009

Vol.57
No.1

John Wood(Room to Read)

Seiichiro Yonekura

Mar.
2009

Vol.56
No.4

Motoaki Inukai(Japan Football Association)

Seiichiro Yonekura
Takeo Kikkawa

Dec.
2008

Vol.56
No.3

Nobuo Sayama(GCA Savvian Group Corp.)

Seiichiro Yonekura

Sep.
2008

Vol.56
No.2

Ryoji Chubachi(Sony Corporation)

Seiichiro Yonekura

Jun.
2008

Vol.56
No.1

Hidezo Terai(World Co., Ltd.)

Seiichiro Yonekura

Reviewed Articles
Issue

Vol./No.

Tilte

Author(s)

Jun.
2009

Vol.57
No.1“The Relationship between the Basic Corporate
Social Responsibility (CSR) Policy and Corporate Governance: A Text Mining Approach”

Yuko Kitora/Shinya Okuda(Associate Professor, Faculty of Contemporary
Social Studies, Doshisha Women's College of
Liberal Arts)

Mar.
2009

Vo.56
No.4

“Academic Landscape of Innovation Researchand Innovation Policy by Network Science”

Masahiro Hashimoto/Ichiro Sakata/Yuya
Kajikawa/Yoshiyuki Takeda/Katsumori
Matsushima(NEDO; Professor, Policy Alternatives
Research Institute, University of Tokyo;
Assistant Professor; Assistant Professor;
Professor, School of Engineering, Universityof Tokyo)

Dec.
2008

Vol.56
No.3“Managing the Dilemma of Technical Choice”

Tomoatsu Shibata(Professor, Graduate School of Management,
Kagawa University)

Sep.
2008

Vol.56
No.2“Systemic Innovation for Component Makers:
Lessons from the Case Study of TDK in HDD
Head Business”

Koichi Nakagawa(Professor, Faculty of Business Administration,
Komazawa University)63IV. Research Results / Publications

2. Working Papers — Apr. 2008 ~ Mar. 2010
.

Title

Author(s)WP#09-09 Dec. 2009 “The Nature of Inventive Activities: Evidence from a Data-set of
R&D Awards”

Roberto Fontana/
Alessandro Nuvolari/Hiroshi
Shimizu/Andrea
Vezzulli

WP#09-08 Nov. 2009 “The Differential and Logic of Commoditization in Digital Products: Why Does a Commoditization of Flat Panel Display TV
March Faster than Digital Steel Camera?” (in Japanese)

Hideo Kudo

WP#09-07 Nov. 2009 “Alliance Strategy and Performance of Major Pharmaceutical
Firms in Japan, US and Europe” (in Japanese)

Toshiro Takatori/
Kenta Nakamura/
Sadao Nagaoka/Yuji
Honjo

WP#09-06 Aug. 2009 “Entry and Growth Performance of the Japanese Biotechnology
Industry” (in Japanese)

Yuji Honjo/Sadao
Nagaoka/Kenta
Nakamura/Setsuo
Morishita/ Yumi
Shimizu

WP#09-05 Jul. 2009 “Pareto Distributions in Economic Growth Models”

Makoto Nirei

WP#09-04 Jul. 2009 “Technology that Produces Sustainable Competitiveness: A Com- Kentaro Nobeoka
parison of Innovative Technologies and Accumulated-knowledge
Technologies” (in Japanese)
WP#09-03 May 2009 “Detecting Endogenous Effects by Aggregate Distributions: A
Case of Lumpy Investments”

Chaoqun Lai/Makoto Nirei

WP#09-02 May 2009 “Shareholding by Venture Capitalists and Patent Applications ofJapanese Firms in the Pre- and Post-IPO Periods”

Jian Xiong Zhang

WP#09-01 Apr. 2009 “Endogenous Fluctuations of Investment and Output in a Model of Makoto Nirei
Discrete Capital Adjustments”
WP#08-08 Dec. 2008 “Aggregate Fluctuations of Discrete Investments”

Makoto Nirei

WP#08-07 Dec. 2008 “Complementary Reforms of Patent Examination Request System Isamu Yamauchi/
Sadao Nagaoka
in Japan”
WP#08-06 Nov. 2008 “Factors Influencing Business Succession”

Induk Suh

WP#08-05 Oct. 2008 “Technology Management to Create Value: Creation and Manage- Kentaro Nobeoka
ment of Non-functional Premium Value” (in Japanese)
WP#08-04 Sep. 2008 “Time-Varying Employment Risks and Consumption: A Quantita- Makoto Nirei/Sanjib
Sarkertive General Equilibrium Study”

64IV. Research Results / Publications

3. Case Studies — Apr. 2008 ~ Mar. 2010
(In Japanese)

Title
CASE#10-02 Mar. 2010 “Toray: Commercialization of Color Filter by Polyimide System”

Author(s)Hiroyuki Yamaguchi

CASE#10-01 Jan. 2010 “Toshiba: the Development of 0.6μm Visible Light Semiconduc- Satoshi Kudo/Hiroshi Shimizu
tor Lasers”
CASE#09-03 Jul. 2009 “Kimura Chuzosho: Development of Innovative Full Mold
Casting System with Utilizing Information Technology”

Masatoshi Fujiwara/
Atsushi Tsumita

CASE#09-02 Jun. 2009 “Ebara: Development of Internally Circulating Fluidized-bed
Technology”

Yaichi Aoshima/Ken
Okura

CASE#09-01 Jan. 2009 “Kyoto Municipal Horikawa Senior High School”

Makoto Ikeuchi
et al.

CASE#08-06 Oct. 2008 “Azuma Neurosurgical Hospital”

Tsuyoshi Ito et al.

CASE#08-05 Sep. 2008 “Noritake Itron: Development and Commercialization of Vacuum Fluorescent Displays”

Genjiro Kosaka/
Akira Takeishi

CASE#08-04 Sep. 2008 “NEC: Development of Field-effect Transistor”

Chikako Takanashi/
Akira Takeishi/
Hideaki Kohzu

CASE#08-03 May 2008 “Seiko Epson: Development of an Ink Jet Printer that ProducesHigh Resolution Text and Pictorial Images”

Yaichi Aoshima/Makoto Kitamura

65

66

‘The new combinations appear discontinuously, then the phenomenon
characterising development emerges.’            Joseph A. Schumpeter
The Theory of Economic Development

Institute of Innovation Research
Hitotsubashi University
2-1 Naka, Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8603, Japan
Tel: +81-(0) 425-80-8411
	   Fax: +81-(0) 425-80-8410
http://www.iir.hit-u.ac.jp

59

ANNUAL REPORT2004 2005