ISSNO912−7410

N0．40馳bruary壬00エ．．乃耶■一慣乙 屈 澗lnternationalLakeEnvironmentCommitteeFoundation
一触椚○肋轡ざ〟ざね加∂βね⊥∂鹿肋〝聯〝e〃ト
ThisNewsletteri＄alsoavailableinJapanese．

Biwako Declaration 2001
The essentialprecondition forimprovement and sustain−
abilityoflakeenvironmentsiscollaborationamongindi−viduals，Organizationsandcommunitiestorestoreharmony
betweenpeopleandnature．

Asconcerned citizens，artists，administrators，POliticianS，」Oumalists，SCientists，Students，NGOs，businessandcom−

munltyleaders，WeStakeholdershavecometogetheragaln
OntheshoresofLakeBiwatoechoandembracethesplritofthefirstworldlakeconference．

New themes have emerged from the new and diverse
VOices．Wehaveheardanewemphasisontheconserva−

Wtion oflakes based on ecosystem management，and the

CloshgCeremony．，．SaylngG00dbye，untilChicago2003
Closeconnectionbetweenlake management，Culture，andSplrituality．Understandingthefruitsandlimitationsofthis
COnftrenceandrefLectingourdeepconcern，WeCallforac−

aterislife；1akes are vitallforlifヒon earth．
Lakes support diverse ecosystems，river sys−
temsandcultures．

tion．

Inparticularwemust：

Lakeenvironmentsareincrisis．Theharmoniousrelation−l．Build and strengthenpartnerships amongindividuals
Ship neededbetween humans andnatureinlakeenviron−andorganizationswithinthelakecommunlty．
mentscontinuestobedisruptedandhasevendeteriorated，
2・Discloseandshareinfbrmation，andpromoteenviron−despltetheBiwakoandKasumlgauraDeclarationsof1984
mentaleducation，andbuildacapacltyOfpeople．
and1995．
3・Promotescientincresearchandmorlitorlng．

4・Promoteintegratedwaterresourcemanagementoflake

Wecanonlyprotectlakesbylookingcriticallyattheder
andriverbasinsystems．
Velopedcountries11ifヒsty1esofthe20thcenturyandrecogr
5，Promoteinternational cooperation and establish anizlngthedifncultsocio−eCOnOmicsituationofdeveloplng
globallakealliance．
COuntries．Sincelakesareprecioustoal11ifeonealth，We6・Explorenewandinnovative重nanCialarrangements．
must make renewed efforts to conserve and restore lake
environments．
9thhternationalConferenceontheConservationand

ManagementofLakes，Biwako2001
November16，2001！N ● BiwakoDeclaration2001

甘某！＄認

1ists，andScientists‡＄＄UE：雷雲．認諾濫m，s。bit。ary● Post−COnferenceTrainingCourse●JointSymposi11m● LakesoftheWorld・LakeNakuru●ILEC／JICATrainingCourses● http：／／www．ilecforums，Org

Featuring8iwak02001

Citizens，Journa［ists，andScientists
ByDianneDumanodd

The VVor］d Lake Conference
NGO Workshop
1atorsofcomplexscientificinformation

ILECScienti玉cComitteemember， into a form accessible to non−SCientists．
bySbi両iIde
OneofthemostimportantthingsJOur−
Journalist
DeputySecretaryGeneral，
nalistsdoishelpsetthepublicagenda．
KoshoNet，JapanneofthemostimportantPOlitical Theycanshinethespotlightonsociety
developmentsoverthepastdecade andidentifysoTethingasaproblemin
Kosho Net organized an NGO
has been the explosive growth in theneed ofa solutlOn．Once an emerglng Workshopin Shiga，Japan，On
problem comesinto the spotlight，thenumberofNGOs ornon−gOVernmental
NovemberlO，11，and14，2001
Organizationsaroundtheworldandthe newsstimulatespublicinterestandpeOT during the 9th World Lakes
Waytheyhavebeentransfbrmlngenviー Ple wantto know more．This，in turn， Conference．The totalnumbersronmentaleffortsateverylevel−from can stimulate interviews with scientists
Of participants and speakers
thelocalwatershedtotheglobalarena． OrneWreSearChintoanemerglngPrOb−
Were370and25，including3
1em andit can stir NGOsinto action．
Althoughmostpeoplewouldagreethat
When an environmental issue becomes fromoverseas，reSpeCtively．
Citizen particIPationis
desirable in
COntrOVerSial，」Ournalists working withenvironmentaleffbrts，Iwould gofur−
scientists also play a valuable role by
It wasaneXCiting meetingln
ther，basedonmyexperienceasanenvi−
sorting out conflicting information orwhich a lot of NGO activists
ronmentalJOurnalist，and argue thatinvestigatingthevalidityofpublicfears．
who play an active role in allOtheseNGOsplayanabsolutelyessential

G

PartS Ofthe country could ex−iven
thegrowing
importanceof
Changetheir frankviews andto sustainable lakes and a sustainable
NGOs，howcanwedoabetterjob
Way Oflifbwi11not succeed without OfgettlngSCientificinformationto citi−be acquaintedwitheachot，her．
Asanoutcomeoftheworkshop，
them．At the recentinternationallakes
ZenS？Iwould
begin
by
workingto
20 domestic NGOs withinter−
COnfヒrence Biwako 2001，Idiscussed
eliminate obstaclesthatnowexistinthe
ests in water have cooperated
theinterplaybetweenscientists，」Ournal−
in the process of creating theists，andcitizensandmythoughtsabout fieldsofjournalismandinscience．
Althoughonefrequentlyblamesthere−
rrWater CenturyNGO Declara−
howwecanimprovethecommunication
Ofscientincevidenceandtherebyfbster POrterfortheshortcomlngSOfareport， tion ，Which was adopted on
the main problem in joumalism today NovembeI・15．
Citizenparticlpation．
StemS録omrleWSpapereditorsandman−agers，Whodonotappreciatetheneedto
Oftentimes，PeOpleregardNGOsaslob−
developspecialtybeats．Ittakesagood The contentsofdeclarationcan
byinggroups whoseprlmaryrOleisto
beseenatthefbllowingURL：
PreSSurePOliticiansandbureaucratsintodealoftimeforareportertoacqulrethe
action．Thisisanimportantpartofwhat experience and expertise needed tohttp：／／www・SeS・uSP．aC．jp／2001biwa／
COVerCOmplexenvironmentalissuesand
NGOsdo，but，inmyexperience，Citizen
todeveloprelationshipswithkeyscien− Global／declarationF．html
activists make other slgnificant contri−
butions：they helpidentify emerging tists．OverthepastdecadeintheUS，the Compared with the ist World
problems；theirparticlpationcanleadtotrend has been toward fヒwer environ−
LakesConferenceheldinShiga
betterpoliciesandmakeitmorelikely mentalspecialistsin the media rather in1984，NGOswereconsidera−
thanmore．
thatthesepolicieshavepoliticalandso−
blymoresuccessfu1inadvertis−
Cialsupport；they can serve as wateh
ingourexistenceintheConfer−Onthescientific
side
ofthe
equation，
dogstomakesurepoliciesareactuallyence this time．Your comments
theeducationofscientists，Whichistoo
carriedout．
narrowandoRenreductionist，isagreat on the declaration will be most
Obstacle．Thereisgenerallylittleorno Welcomeandappreciated，
Journalists actasinfbrmationbrokersin
emphasisinscientifictrainlngOndevel−
thisprocessandtheyserveasthemainlink between scientistsand thelargerOPlng the skills thatwi11be needed to
SOCiety．Theysitatthecenterofanet− COmmunicatetothebroadercommunlty．
roleandthatoureffortsto丘ndourway

Theotherm叫Orfailinginthescientificworkofconnection．AjoumalistisluSu−
allytheonlyoneinvoIvedwhoisindi− 坑eldisthatoftennooneisinchargeof

rect contact with everyone else．He theor big plCture．7n the environmental
Shegathersinfbrmationfromscientists，arena particularly，We have a presslng
need tointegrateindividual，narTOWly
businessandgovernmentandpasseson
what has beenlearned tothe public． focusedpiecesofresearchintoamore
JournalistsalsobringthequestionscitiLholisticunderstandingofthehumanim−
zensraisetothosewhoinvestlgateprOb−pact onnaturalsystems thatcanguide 、、
activism and support decisions that・−
1ems such as scientists or to those who
監慧士ぢ二二三
movehumansocietytowardsustainabil−make decisions．But the best environ−Workshopinaction．
mentaljournalistsplayalargerrolethanity．
Simplybrokersofinformationortrans−h2

Foaturing8iwak02001

Workshop AralSeacrisisanditsrehabilitation
ByNickAladin，lLECScientificCommitteemember，ZoologicallnstituteofRu＄SianAcademy，Russia
Thereisnolonger）uStOneAralSea．In1989itwasdivided
builtuslngmOderntechnologythelevelofSmallAralwi11
intotwoseparatelakes：OneattheNorth−SmallAral，and increasefrom＋40m（abovetheocヲanlevel）to＋46−48min
OneattheSouth−BigAral，duetothedecreaseinthewatera20−25yearperiod・AtthesametlmeSalinltyWillalsode−level・Sincethattimehydrology，hydrobiologyandthefate CreaSe什om26−30g／1to14−16g／1，ThefateoftheBigAralis

Ofbothlakeshavetakenadifferentcourse，IntheSmallAral poor，Theonlypossiblewaytorehabilitatethesituationin
Water the balanceis positive because thein−fl0wing riverthisreglOnistoimproveart抗cialwaterreservoirsinAmu−
Syrdaryahasenoughwatertocompensateevaporation舟om
thelakesurface・IntheBigAralthewaterbalanceisnega−

daryadeltaarea・Unfortunatelyevaporationfromthesurface

OfBig Aralis5−6timeslargerthan the discharge ofthe
tivebecauseAmudaryahasinsufficientwatertocompensate Amudaryariverafterwithdrawalsofriverinewaterfbrirri−

fortheevaporation．IntheSmallAralthewaterlevelisin− gation．TheBigAralislikelytocontinuetoshrinkandsalin−

CreaSlngandsalinltyisdecreaslngWhereasthe situationis 1tylnitislikelytocontinuetoincrease．ArtificialfreshwatertheoppositeintheBigAralwherethewaterlevelisdecreas− reservoirsintheAmudarya deltawilla1lowpeople toim−
1ngandsalinltylSincreasingLAbout10yearsagoadamwas
provethelocalclimate and makelivlngCOnditions better．
builtintheSmallAraltomaintaintheincreasedwaterlevel． The SmallAralisenclosedwithintheterritoryofKazakhr
UnfbrtunatelyinApril1999the damcollapsed duetothe
StananditsfatecouldbedecidedbytheKazakhpeople．The
increaseandatpresentthewaterfromtheSmallAralisrun− BigAralhoweverbelongstotwocountries：KazakhstanandnlngtOWardthedesertbetweenthetwolakes．Thepresent
Uzbekistan and cooperation between these countries istaskoflocalpeopleistobuildanewdam．Ifthisdamwillbe needed．

Post・COnferenceProgram

BillWilliamshaspassedawayA什iendl）rfaceattIle9thWorld
Lake Collferem亡e，Nov 200l，Japan．

Withgreatsadnesswe
announCe the death ofProfessor Bill Wil■
liams，Vice−Chair of
ILEC s ScientificCommittee．Billls cou−
rageousandprolonged
battle agalnSt aCute
myeloid leukemia
CametOaPeaCefu1end
at 3：30pm Brisbane
timeonSaturday26th
January2002，Austra−
1iaDay．Hisw舵Anneand two sons survive
him．

−TrainingCourse
Atrainlng COurSe OnNumericalModelling ofLakes andReservoirswasorganisedbyUNEP−TETC，7LECandLake
BiwaWorksOfnce−KinkiRegionalConstructionBureau−
MinistryofConstructionafterLakeBiwa2001ConfE：renCe，
from17to18November2001．Itwasanexcellentlyorgan−
isedtwodaycourse，duringwhichProf二SvenEricJe．rgen−
Sen丘omThe RoyalDanish SchooIofPharmacy，andDr

YosukeYamashikifromUniversltyOfKyotopresenteda
theoreticalas we11aspracticalapproach andexamplesof
numericalmodelling．
Thecoursecovered：＊Generalexplanationaboutmodelling＊IntroductionandtrainingusingPAMOLARE（Planning

And Management OfLakes AndReservOirs focuslng On
Eutrophication）pilotVersion2．0＊ExplanationandtrainlngOfStructureDynamicModels
Thecoursegaveaverygoodopportunitytogetanexcellent
OVerView on mode11ing for eutrophication management．
Practicalcomputer
trainlngwithPAMOLARE soRware
Billwasaglantinthe丘eldofsalinelakes．Through
PaCkagewasnecessaryfbrabetterunderstandingofwhat
hiswork，Billbroughtattentiontothisimportant，yet
OftenoverlookedareaoflimnoIogy・ForILEC，Bill kindofparametersarenecessaryforthemodellingprocess・
WaSindispensable：he edited theILEC joumal， DuringaverylntereStlngandstimulatlngdiscussionitwas
possibletoaskaboutsomespecificexamplesofmodelsuse
Lakes＆Reservoirs：ResearchandManagementn，
WrOte Guidelines of Lake Management，Vol・6 anditscalibrationandvalidation．
The atmosphere and the professionalorganisation oftheManagement OfInland Saline Watersり，Played a
COurSe by UNEP−IETC／1LEC Shiga Office gave us aleadingroleintheScienti貢cCommitteeMOVerall，he
ChanCetOerリOythatmeetlng．Forfuturecoursesitwouldbe
hadahandinalmosteverythinggoodthatILEChas
usefu1toprolongthedurationandaddmorepracticalexer−
accomplished・Hishumorandwitwerewithoutparalr cises．
lelandwearesureallwhoknewhimwouldagree
thatwewereluckytohaveknownhim・Shortlybe−
MalgorzataTarczymSka（Dr．）
forehedied，Billwasaskedifhehadanymessagefor DepartmentofAppliedEcology，UniversltyOfLodz
his飢ends atILEC． Tellthem， he said，uIlove
Polandthemall．M

UNEP・lETCISPGllLECJOINT SYMPOSIUM

・Consensuson NeedforaGlobalA］lianceforLakes ReachedT

hereisagrowlngaCknowledgementthattheworldls
Cialinstitutions，themediaandcitizenseverywhere・
lakesareincrisis．IncreaslngpreSSureSOnfreshwater
resourcescausedbypopulationgrowth，aCCelerated Over200peopleparticIPatedin the various presentations，eutrophication，invasivespecies，tOXiccontamination，OVer−
paneldiscussionsandworkinggroupsessions．Collectively
fishingandhabitatalteration，Waterdiversion，aCidification
they were successfu1in developlng SeVeralimportantOut−
andclimate change are seriouslyunderminlngthe sustain−
puts，namely：
abilityofmanylakeecosystems．Inresponsetothesechal−
1enges，ILEC，IETCandShigaPrefectureJOintlyhosteda2− l）Descriptionofanenablingenvironmentforpartner−

dayInternationalSymposiumonPartnershipsbetweenCiti−
Shipdevelopment．
ZenSandLocalGovernmentSforSustainableLakeManage−2）Ahierarchyofpartnershipgoalsbeginningwithlocal
mentattheLakeBiwaMuseumin earlyNovember2001．
levelco−Ordinationandendingwithgloba11evelad−The meetlng WaSlaunched by the renowned songwriter，
VOCaCy（Fig．1）．

SlngerandUNEPspecialenvoyMs．TokikoKatowhosere−
3）Recommendationsonmeasures toimproveinfbrma−nadedthepackedaudiencewithsongsinspired，inpart，bytionflowsandnetworking．
ChildhooddaysspentalongLakeBiwalsshoreline．Mr．Yo−−ten htgnerSOt eruSamnOミoitadnemocR）4
ShitsuguKunimatsu（ShigaGovernOr）andDr．SteveHal1s
WOrkingorganisatlOnS．
（IETC Director）also offered someimportantinsightsinto5）AdraftstruCtureforaglobalallianCeforlakes．

thenatureofthecurrentenvironmentalcrisesandtheneedto
attracttheattentionofawiderandmoreinnuentialaudience．
Reflectionsfromchildhoodalsofeaturedinthekeynotead−dressglVenbyMs．LisaBorre，Directorofthenetworking

OrganisationLakeNet．Lisawentontodescribesomeoftheurgentmanagementchallengesfacinglocalauthoritiesarld

COmmunitiesandtheneedforsociallylnClusive，Particlpa−

toryapproachesinvoIvlngawiderangeofstakeholders．

ThemeetlngltSelfdrewtogether17nationalNGOsandlocal
govemmentorganisationsfromaroundtheworld，threema−」Orlakenetworkingorganisationsandmanylocalspecialists，Organisationsandmembersofthegeneralpublic，Ttfocused
OntWOmainsub）eCtSareaS：

1．Improvlng partnerShips and networks between citizens
andlocalgovernmentS，and
2．Heighteninglevelsofawarenessontheparticularvu1ner−
abilitiesandneedsoflakesamongpolicymakers，finan−

Figurel：HierarchyofPartnershipObjeetives

Towardsa G］obalA ianceforLakes
TheclearconsensusreaChedontheneedfbraglobalalli−
anceforlakesrepresentsam如orbreakthroughinthede−4）Asteeringcommitteeshouldbefbrmedtomanage
theseprocessesandthatitshouldmoveswiftlyto

action．
Velopmentofaworldlakelobby．1twasfurthersuggested
thattheallianCeShouldhavethefollowlngCharacteristics：5）AnimportantPriorityfbrthe allianceistobuild
Strategiclinkages with globalpolicy makers andfunding organisationsinclllding UNEP，WWC，
1）It should take the fbrmOf a high1y organised
GWP，WB，IUCNetcinordertomeetadvocacy
globalnetworkwithdistinctivereglOnalrepresen−
relatedgoals．
tationbutthatitshouldnotinvoIvethecreationof
any new organisation.
6）The alliance−s role shouldbeincorporatedinthe2）Theallianceshouldbevalue−1ed，rights−basedand

COnSistent with the pnnciples outlinedin theWorldLakeVisionandActionPlan．

3）A broad ranBe Ofstakeholdersincluding private
SeCtOrOrganlSations shouldbeinvoIvedinestab−1ishingthealliance，WorldLakeVisionandActionPlan．

7）Theal1ianceshouldbeofficia11yrepresentedatall
maJOrlakeworkshopsandconftrences．
8）Theallianceshouldaimtoattractmediaandedu−

Cationpartnersatalllevels．

TheproposeddraftstruCtureisshowninFig・2・ThemeetlngClosedwithaclearagreementontheneedto
getdowntoworkquicklyinordertobothbuildtheallir
anceandensurethatitissufficientlywellpositionedto
have a significantinfluence onthe World Lake Vision
document and theforthcoming World Water Forumin
SouthA丘ica−POlntSreinforcedduringthecloslngCOm−
mentsmadebyMrHiroyaKotani（1LECExecutiveDirec−tor）andMs．JacquelinedeLarderel，（AssistantExecutive
DirectorofUNEP）．

Fig．2Structure払raGlobalAlliance

MonoLake−Successthroughco aborationTtheyare developlng aneW relation−
Ship based on collaborative ap−

his November，Califomia s bring water to the growlng Clty Of proachestorestoration．TheDepart−
mentischargedwithrestoringMono
Los Angeles．These diversions
MonoLakewasfeaturedata
LakersecologlCalresources；theMLC
causedthelakelevelto falldramati−
Joint Symposium on World
Lake Protection held at Lake Biwa，Ca11y，greatlyincreaslng thelakels SerVeSaSa watchdog tothisproc−

Salinlty，COnneCtlngtheislandsused ess aswellasacollaboratorinspe−
by breeding birds to the mainland cific restoration activities．The MLC
Power（the D6partment）and the Withits predators，andcauslng dust alsohcIpsexplainrestorationandthe
storms along the expanded alkali Valueofwisewaterusetothepublic．
MonoLake Committee（MLC）trav−
eledtoJapantoexplaintheircurrent shoreline．1n addition，the streams
ttheJoint Symposium，theCOllaborativeworkingrelationshipin feedingthelakeweredamaged・The
Department and the MLC
MLC，anOn−gOVemmentalorganiza−
restoringMonoLake・
describedmanyoftheircur−tion，formedtoprotectthelake，and
1twasgreattobeabletosharethethe MLC−s efEbrts eventual1yled torentcollaborative pr（刀eCtS，including
Changesin public policy that bal− the scienti坑c monitorlng Ofrestora−
lessons welveleamed at Mono Lakewith other lakes around the world anced the needs ofthe clty OfLos tion，Semi−annualrestoration meet−that arein troublelT，Said Peter Angeles with those of Mono Lake. 1ngS，Variousvolunteerreplantlngand
Weederadicationeffbrtsorganizedby
Today，thecityofLosAngelescon−
Kavounas，OftheDepartment・MLC，joint pursuit ofpublicfunds
tinues to divert some waterfromthe
lakelstributarystreams butmuch of forwaterreclamationprqectsinLos
MonoLakeisasalinelakeineastern
Califbmia whose rich ‖soup＝ of thewaterisagainflowingtothelake， Angcles，andpublic outreachin thefbrm of the MLCIs Newsletter toShrimpandalkalifliessupportsmilr restorlngStreamandlakehabitat・Japan．RepresentativesftomtheLos
Angeles Department of Water andAlionsofmigratorybirds・Inthemid−
20th century，the Department di− While，theDepartmentandtheMLC

15，000members andannualrestora−−

Wtion events．The Department and
MLCalsodescribedanticIPatedchalq
Orlglnal1y
were
adversaries，tOday
Vertedthelakelstributarystreamsto
lengesrdecidingwhenrestorationis
COmpleteand
what finalflows will
町 、叩†轡㍗讐澤町￣′Tbe − and how building of truSt
through collaborative effbrts andgood communication should help
makeRlturedecision−makingeasier．
‖It was a realhonorto beinvited tothisjolntSymPOSiumandtobeina
position to make a contribution to
ILECIsimportantwork：1saidMLC s

representative Heidi Hopkins.

T（〉Wardsaglob且1a‖ian仁eforlakes，thepar一山cipaれt5had且亡dvedis亡uSSio11S・

Lakes o青竜heWor胃d
LakeNakuru，Mthelakeofamilli。nflamingos
ByDIIWJ．MaYura
DepartmentofChemistry，
EgertonUniversity，KENYA，
E−mail：mavura＠africaonline．co．keLocation．Lake Nakuruis
One Ofthe riftvalleylakes
in Kenya．Its alkaline wa−

teris typlCalofthelakeslocatedin the Great Rift Valley of East
Africa．Itis a closed basinlake，

with severalinnuent rivers，but
Withoutanyoutlet．Thelakehasa
meanareaof45km2andadepthof
Cur depending on the climatic
Changes during the year．I）uring
the rainy seasons（October−De・
cember and March −June）theareaanddepthincrease（upto4m
deep）as aresultofadditionofa
largevolumeofwater．Duringthe
dry season evaporation reduces
thewatervolumedrastically．The
lakeislocated just south of theequator：0022TS；136005 E，atan

altitudeofl，759metersabovesea
level．The town ofNakuru with apopulation of about 300，000isbuilt on the upper，nOrthernhingesofthelakeanditisabout
150kmNorthWestofNairobi，the
CaPltalcity of Kenya．Thelake
COnStitutes part of Lake Nakuru、

Onlyl．5m，thoughnuctuationsoc−
1owest 20mS／cm）preclude the LakeNaknru：aclosedsystemfed
establishment of many aquaticby severalrivers（Njoro，La−
SpeCies．Spirulinaplatensisis the murdiac，Nderit，Makalia andmost dominant algal species that
Ngosur）and as terminalpointof
can survive in these extreme
the sewerage system of Nakuru
abiotic conditions and constitute town coupled with the directin−
the maindietofthelesserflamin−
flow of storm water from Nakuru
gos（Gitbaiga，2001）．0ver a mil− municlpality，thelakeisquitesus−
1ionflamingosdescendonthelake
Ceptibletopollution．Thenatureof
and feed on splrulina for several pollutants include agrochemicals
months．Eachdayapopulationof
SuCh as pesticide and herbicide
this size harvests about180tons
residues，fertilizersandindustrial
Ofthecyanobacteriafromthelake
WaSte．Thecatchmentareaispre−
and within24hours this harvest
dominantly agrlCultural withisreplaced．Thisisanenormously
Smal1andlargescalefarmswherehigh rat，e Of productivity
agrochemicals are usedinten−（Vareschi，1979）．
Sively．Some ofthese are washedE

downintothelake by the rains．
Thepollutantsofindustrialorlgln
188km2coveringthelakeandad−
NakuruNationalParkis aincludeheavymetals，greaSeSand〕aCentt・erreStrialecosystem．
lhabitat for a number ofsolid waste．Ro11tine studies overWildlifeincl11ding：buffalos，ga・ thepast25yearshaveshownthat
COlogy．Thelakeisfamous
Zelles，rhinos，andseveraltypesof
the concentration of both heavy
foritslarge population of birds such as the cormorants andmetals such as mercury，Chro−flamingoswiththeir char− the world famousflamingos，The
mium and nickel，and pesticides
acteristiclong，thinlegs andpink parkhasadirecteconomicbenent
residuesin thelake sedimentsfeathers．Iti＄eStimatedthatthere tothe GovernmentofKenya．The
haveincreasedsteadilyfrom1975
arel．5 millionlesserflamingos，
Wildlifein the parkis a greatat− to2000（Ndetei，Rainiand Ma−
Phoeniconais minor．In fact t，hetraction to tourists from all over vura，2001）．Although nD directlake has been referred to as‖the the world．Tourismin Kenyais
linkhasbeenestablished，theunLlakeofa millionflamingos ．They rankedasthesecondma］OrSOurCe
usualdeathsofflamingosinLake
aretheprlnCipleprimaryconsum−
Of払relgn CurrenCy after agrlCulL Nakuru observed in the recent
ers ofthe algalproductionin theture．
PaSt might be caused by the pol−alkalinelake（Vareschi，1978）．
SOnOuSeffectsofthesepoll11tantS，National Park with an area ofE

COnOmicImportanCe．Lakenvironmental Manage−
ThehighpH（10．5）and electricalcond11Ctivity（mean 36 mS／cm，Several environmental programs
ment． Arising
the nature aarein fromplace to advisethelocals

against environmentally un−

Pent Program（LNCDP）which
lnVOIve，amOng Other activities
Criminate cuttingoftrees，inthe
routinemonitoringoftheamountlake．scatchmentareawhichleads
Of pollutants entering thelake．
to serious siltation to thelake， Theaimbeingtotracetheorlgln
improperhandlingofwaste fromOf the po11utants and conse−
industries within NakurutOWn，quently advise the sources，mOSt
often industrial establishments
etc，Suchprogramsarerunbythe
Xenya Wildlife Services（KWS）， SuCh as tanneries and battery
World Wildlife Fund（WWF）and factories on how best to handle
Othernon−gOVernmentalorganisa− the waste products before theytions．The WWFin collaboration
disposeofthem．
withEgertonUniversityhasbeen
runningapro］eCtCalledLakeNa− The behavior ofbirdsin and aroundthelakeisanothermqorundertaking
kuruConservation and Develop−
friendly practices such asニindis−

bytheWWF・Underthisprogramthe

migratory behavior of flamingos andOtherbirdslivlnginthelakeecosystemhave been studied and recorded．

Throughthese studiesithas been es−
tablished that the flamingos thatin−
habit the rift valley lakes within the
EasternA録ican countries，1ay their

eggsand hatch their chicksin Lake
Natronin northern eaStern Tanzania

Only・LakeNatronisfhrfromanyur−bansettlngandtheecosystemthereis
muchlesspollutedanditismuchsafbr
fbrreproduction．

自LEC／」邑CATRA翳聞轡開局e⑳UR＄E＄
EnvironmentEducationCourseFocusedonAquaticEnvironment

0thers through seminars and work−
Shops．Again，Ⅰwi11wanttoensurethat
environmentaleducationisincorpo−
yparticlpationinthe2ndEnvi−
Strategies
ratedin most prq】eCtS OfmylnStituteronmentalEducation course fo＿
Armedwiththeknowledge，Skills，Val−especially the community based ones．
cused on the aquatic environment hasues and experiences，environmental Letusliveinharmonywithourenvi−
broadened my knowledge and opened educators shouldbedeterminedto em− ronment．The environment needs ourMmymindtoissues thatIhavehitherto phasise that survivalofhuman1ty de−relegatedtothebackground．Thecourse pendsonthemaintenanceofnatureina
broughttotheforeaverysimpleunder− Statethatsupportshumanlifewhilena− ByRobertAgbobliJr．
Standing of the relationship betweenturels continuityandfunctioning de−CSIR−WaterResearch7nstitutemanand his environmentand theneed Pendsonitsprotection丘omhumanim− Ghana
toimpartorshareideaswiththeview
pacts．
to making the enヤironment a better
NGOTrainingCoursein
placetolivein．
Asmuchasaholisticapproachisvery
LakeWaterQualityManagernent
importantinthepromotionofenviron−
Realities
mentalissues，emPhasis on childrenls
Duringthecourse，WeCametOthereali− educationisvitalsincehabitsrelatedto
One−mOnthresidentialworkshop
sation that behaviour change is velyenvironmentarelearnedveryearlyln
WaSCOnductedinJapanforNGO
difnculttoaccomplish，eSPeCiallywhenlift．Again environmentalvalues willmembers in developing countries
itaffectsintimatepersonalhabits．Be−
be more effectiveifthey are taught throughthecooperationbetweenTLEC
havioural patterns however can be early so that they become an integral
and theJapan TnternationalCo−
Care．

A

Changedquickly，andonalargescale，part of thelearner s morality．The

OPeration Agency（J7CA）．This work−

ifthecommunltylnVOIvedinenviron− SOOnerthechildrenunderstandenviron−
ShopwasaimedatcreatlngaWareneSS
mental education activity understands
mentalissuesthemorelikelyltisthat amongtheparticIPantStOCOnSerVeandthebenefitsofthenewpractice．AIsoit newhabitswillbeperformedthroughr managelakesin a sustainable way．
Canbeachievedonlywhenthesupport
Out theirlives and adopted bytheir There were seven particlpantS 丘omsystems or services and the requiredCOmmunlty・
SeVendif托rentcountries舟omAsia．
meansexistandonlywhenthecommu−
nityunderstands that the benefits out−
Itis withthese convictions that the The main objectives of the workshop
Weighsthecostintermsoffinance，en− COurSePrOVidedtheopportunltytOaC− Were tO Share knowledge and experi−
ergyandtime．
quireknowledge，Skills and strategleS
ence forthe conservation oflakes andamong others to effectively enhance toumderstandthechallenges丘omboth
There are manyprlOrities such asthe environmentaleducation．
alocallevelandagloballevel．Wealso
needforfood，Water and shelter that
WeretOlearntechniquesfbrwaterpurir
PreVentpeOPle丘ombecomlngaWareOf
ConcIusiom
fication and tolearn eaSy PraCticalenvironmentalproblems・InthemqJOr− The re−aWakening ofconsciousness tomethodsofmonitorlngthewaterqual−
1tyOfthecases，peOplewi11notbecon− impart knowledge of environmental ity，andfinallytonetworkwithdiffer−
Cernedandactiveinfosterlngabetter education whereverIfind myselfwas ent organisations from around the
Selfandbetterworldunles＄theirbasic OneOfthehighpolntSinmycourseof
world．
needs are satisfied even though theyStudy．Inlight ofthis，1willwant to
may be provided with environmental Share the knowledge acquired with A氏erparticIPatlngintheJointSympo−
education．
teachers，Students and pupils among SiumheldbyUNEP／IETC，Shigaand
7

lLEC on8November，We understoodand individuals concemed with lake goal．

the mqJOr threats偽cing the world−s

A負erthesymposiumweparticipatedin
management．Finally，Welooked at

the World Lake Conference and also
whetherthere wasacaseforaglobal
promising solutions and touched uponallianCeOflakesandifso，Whatitmight had a chance to talktolocalgovern−
mentofncersabouttheirwork．
looklike？
the subjects ofbuilding
On the whole，Our COurSe WaS aVery
globalpolicies，and communication Onthethirddaywevisitedandinter− fruitfulone・Ourdeepappreciationgoes
betweenscientistsanddecisionmakers．acted withlocalcitizens from Mori− toJICA，members ofILEC，Citizens
yamaandwereimpressedtoseethatal1 丘om Moriyama clty and Nakamura−thecitizenswereveryconcernedabout san，Whosacrincedhertimeandmade
Ontheseconddayofthesymposium，the environment．They hadllad great greateffbrts to share hervaluable ex−
weweredividedintothreegroupsand
SuCCeSSinbringingnrefliesbacktothe perienceswithusandatthesametime
discussed how awareness on the needfor partnership for lake management local environment by maintaining a madeourstayverypleasantandcom−
Canberaisedatdifferentlevels，aSWellhealthy and cleanhabitat．Ifnothing fortable．
as the issue of evolving a possible else，1tPrOVedthatanythinglSimpossi−
Gautam Gurunglrameworkforpromotlngandexchang− ble，ifthecitizensareawareandinter−1ng eXperiencesbetweenorganisations ested in working towards a unified MDO，Nepal．

lakes．We alsoleamed about some

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