原注
１章 人生を左右する「２種類の考え方」-Descriptions of the Dreyfus affair in this chapter are based on Jean-Denis Bredin, The Affair:
The Case of Alfred Dreyfus (London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1986); Guy Chapman, The Dreyf
us Trials (London: B. T. Batsford Ltd., 1972); and Piers Paul Read, The Dreyfus Affair: The
Scandal That Tore France in Two (London: Bloomsbury, 2012).
-“Men of the Day.— No. DCCLIX— Captain Alfred Dreyfus,” Vanity Fair, September 7, 1899, ht
tps://bit.ly/2LPkCsl.
「一方向に動機付けられた推論」（directionally motivated reasoning）を有名にしたのは次の論文である。Ziva Kunda, “The Case for Motivated Reasoning,” Psychological Bulletin 108, no. 3 (1990): 480–98, https://bit.ly/2MMybM5.
-Thomas Gilovich, How We Know What Isn’t So: The Fallibility of Human Reason in Everyday
Life (New York: The Free Press, 1991), 84.
-Robert B. Strassler, ed., The Landmark Thucydides (New York: The Free Press, 2008), 282.
-George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, Metaphors We Live By (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980).
-Ronald Epstein, Daniel Siegel, and Jordan Silberman, “Self- Monitoring in Clinical Practice: A
Challenge for Medical Educators,” Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions
28, no. 1 (Winter 2008): 5– 13.
２章 99％の人が「自分の壁」を壊せない-G. K. Chesterton, “The Drift from Domesticity,” The Thing (1929), loc. 337, Kindle.
-G. K. Chesterton, The Collected Works of G. K. Chesterton, vol. 3 (San Francisco, CA: Ignatius Press, 1986), 157.
-James Simpson, The Obstetric Memoirs and Contributions of James Y. Simpson, vol. 2 (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1856).
-Alina Tugend, “Meeting Disaster with More Than a Wing and a Prayer,” New York Times, July 19, 2008, https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/19/business/19shortcuts.html.
-Election, directed by Alexander Payne (MTV Films in association with Bona Fide Productions,1999).
-R. W. Robins and J. S. Beer, “Positive Illusions About the Self: Short- term Benefits and Long
-term Costs,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 80, no. 2 (2001): 340– 52, doi:10.1
037/0022- 3514.80.2.340.
-Jesse Singal, “Why Americans Ignore the Role of Luck in Everything,” The Cut, May 12, 2016,
https://www.thecut.com/2016/05/why- americans- ignore- the- role‑of‑luck‑in‑everything.html.
-wistfulxwaves (Reddit user), comment on “Masochistic Epistemology,” Reddit, September 17, 20
18, https://www.reddit.com/r/BodyDysmorphia/comments/9gntam/masochistic_epistemology/e6fwxz
f/.
-A. C. Cooper, C. Y. Woo, and W. C. Dunkelberg, “Entrepreneurs’ Perceived Chances for Success1

,” Journal of Business Venturing 3, no. 2 (1988): 97–108, doi:10.1016/0883- 9026(88)90020‑1.
-Daniel Bean, “Never Tell Me the Odds,” Daniel Bean Films (blog), April 29, 2012, https://danie
lbeanfilms.wordpress.com/2012/04/29/never- tell‑me‑the- odds/.
-Nils Brunsson, “The Irrationality of Action and Action Rationality: Decisions, Ideologies and Or
ganizational Actions,” Journal of Management Studies 19, no. 1 (1982): 29– 44.
-Z. J. Eigen and Y. Listokin, “Do Lawyers Really Believe Their Own Hype, and Should They?
A Natural Experiment,” Journal of Legal Studies 41, no. 2 (2012), 239–67, doi:10/1086/667711.
-Randall Munroe, “Bridge,” XKCD, https://xkcd.com/1170.
-Peter Nauroth et al., “Social Identity Threat Motivates Science-Discrediting Online Comments,”
PloS One 10, no. 2 (2015), doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117476.
-Kiara Minto et al., “A Social Identity Approach to Understanding Responses to Child Sexual A
buse Allegations,” PloS One 11 (April 25, 2016), doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153205.

３章 「真実を見抜く目」を身につける法-Bryan Caplan, “Rational Ignorance Versus Rational Irrationality, KYKLOS 54, no. 1 (2001): 2–
26, doi:10.1111/1467-6435.00128.
-George Ainslie’s Picoeconomics: The Strategic Interaction of Successive Motivational States Wi
thin the Person (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1992).
-Andrea Gurmankin Levy et al., “Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Patient Nondisclos
ure of Medically Relevant Information to Clinicians,” JAMA Network Open 1, no. 7 (Novembe
r 30, 2018): e185293, https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2716996.
-“Up to 81% of Patients Lie to Their Doctors— And There’s One Big Reason Why,” The Daily
Briefing, December 10, 2018, https://www.advisory.com/daily- briefing/2018/12/10/lying- patients.

４章 知性の高い人がおちいる「認知バイアス」-u/AITAthrow12233 (Reddit user), “AITA if I don’t want my girlfriend to bring her cat when she moves in?,” Reddit, November 3, 2018, https://www.reddit.com/r/AmItheAsshole/comments/9ty
c9m/aita_if_i_dont_want_my_girlfriend_to_bring_her/.
-Alexandra Wolfe, “Katie Couric, Woody Allen: Jeffrey Epstein’s Society Friends Close Ranks,” Daily Beast, April 1, 2011, https://www.thedailybeast.com/katie- couric- woody- allen- jeffrey-epst
eins- society- friends- close- ranks.
-Isaac Asimov, “A Cult of Ignorance,” Newsweek, January 21, 1980.
-Dan M. Kahan, “ ‘Ordinary Science Intelligence’: A Science-Comprehension Measure for Studyof Risk and Science Communication, with Notes on Evolution and Climate Change,” Journalof Risk Research 20, no. 8 (2017): 995–1016, doi:10.1080/13669877.2016.1148067.
-Yoel Inbar and Joris Lammers, “Political Diversity in Social and Personality Psychology,” Persp
ectives on Psychological Science 7 (September 2012): 496– 503.
-William Farina, Ulysses S. Grant, 1861– 1864: His Rise from Obscurity to Military Greatness(Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2014), 147.

2

-Charles Carleton Coffin, Life of Lincoln (New York and London: Harper & Brothers, 1893), 381.
-William Henry Herndon and Jesse William Weik, Herndon’s Informants: Letters, Interviews, and Statements About Abraham Lincoln (Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1998), 187.
-Bethany Brookshire (@BeeBrookshire), Twitter, January 22, 2018, https://bit.ly/2Awl8qJ.
-Bethany Brookshire (@BeeBrookshire), Twitter, January 29, 2018, https://bit.ly/2GTkUjd.
-Bethany Brookshire, “I went viral. I was wrong,” blog post, January 29, 2018, https://bethanybrookshire.com/i‑went- viral‑i‑was- wrong/.
-Regina Nuzzo, “How Scientists Fool Themselves— And How They Can Stop,” Nature, October
7, 2015, https://www.nature.com/news/how- scientists- fool- themselves- and- how- they- can- st
op‑1.18517.
-Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 729,” accessed on January 5, 2020, https://www.dar
winproject.ac.uk/letter/DCP- LETT- 729.xml.
-Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 2741,” accessed on January 10, 2020, https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/DCP- LETT- 2741.xml.
５章 物事を「メタに見る」５つのトレーニング-u/spiff2268 (Reddit user), comment on “[Serious] Former Incels of Reddit. What brought you the ideology and what took you out?,” Reddit, August 22, 2018, https://www.reddit.com/r/AskRed
dit/comments/99buzw/serious_former_incels_of_reddit_what_brought_you/e4mt073/.
-Greendruid, comment on “Re: Democrats may maneuver around GOP on healthcare,” Discussion World Forum, April 26, 2009, http://www.discussion worldforum.com/showpost.php? s= 70747
dd92d8fbdba12c4dd0592d72114& p= 7517& postcount= 4.
-Andrew S. Grove, Only the Paranoid Survive: How to Exploit the Crisis Points That Challenge
Every Company (New York: Doubleday, 1999), 89.
-Julie Bort, “Obama Describes What Being in the Situation Room Is Like—and It’s Advice Any
one Can Use to Make Hard Decisions,” Business Insider, May 24, 2018, https://www.businessi
nsider.com/obama-describes-situation-room-gives-advice-for-making-hard-decisions-2018-5.
-Nick Bostrom and Toby Ord, “The Reversal Test: Eliminating Status Quo Bias in Applied Ethics,” Ethics 116, no. 4 (July 2006): 656– 79, https://www.nickbostrom.com/ethics/statusquo.pdf.
６章 「最適解」を、さらに１歩引いて見る-Star Trek Beyond, directed by Justin Lin (Hollywood, CA: Paramount Pictures, 2016).
-Star Trek: The Original Series, season 2, episode 11, “Friday’s Child,” aired December 1, 1967,
on NBC.
-Star Trek: The Original Series, season 1, episode 26, “Errand of Mercy,” aired March 23, 1967,
on NBC.
-Star Trek: The Original Series, season 1, episode 24, “This Side of Paradise,” aired March 2, 1
967, on NBC.
-“As a percentage, how certain are you that intelligent life exists outside of Earth?,” Reddit, Oc

3tober 31, 2017, https://www.reddit.com/r/Astronomy/comments/79up5b/as_a_percentage_how_cert
ain_are_you_that/dp51sg2/.
-“How confident are you that you are going to hit your 2017 sales goals? What gives you that
confidence?,” Quora, https://www.quora.com/How- confident- are- you- that- you- are- going‑to‑hit- your- 2017- sales- goals- What- gives- you- that- confidence.
-Filmfan345 (Reddit user), “How confident are you that you won’t convert on your deathbed?,”
Reddit, February 3, 2020, https://www.reddit.com/r/atheism/comments/eycqrb/how_confident_are_you_that_you_wont_convert_on/.
-M. Podbregar et al., “Should We Confirm Our Clinical Diagnostic Certainty by Autopsies?” Intensive Care Medicine 27, no. 11 (2001): 1752, doi:10.1007/s00134- 001- 1129‑x.
-Douglas W. Hubbard, How to Measure Anything: Finding the Value of ‘Intangibles’’ in Business(Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2007), 61.
-Robert Kurzban, Why Everyone (Else) Is a Hypocrite (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010).
-The technique in this section is adapted from Douglas W. Hubbard, How to Measure Anything:Finding the Value of “Intangibles” in Business (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007), 58.
７章 いざというとき「ポジティブ思考」に頼らない-Steven Callahan, Adrift: Seventy- six Days Lost at Sea (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1986).
-Callahan, Adrift, 84.
-Callahan, Adrift, 39.
-Callahan, Adrift, 45.
-Carol Tavris and Elliot Aronson, Mistakes Were Made (But Not by Me): Why We Justify Fooli
sh Beliefs, Bad Decisions, and Hurtful Acts (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2007), 11.
-Daniel Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2013), 264.
-Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 3272,” accessed on December 1, 2019, https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/DCP- LETT- 3272.
xml.
-Charles Darwin, The Autobiography of Charles Darwin (New York: W. W. Norton & Company,
1958), 126.
-Stephen Fried, Bitter Pills: Inside the Hazardous World of Legal Drugs (New York: Bantam Bo
oks, 1998), 358.
-David France, How to Survive a Plague: The Inside Story of How Citizens and Science Tamed
AIDS (New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2016), 478.
-Joseph T. Hallinan, Kidding Ourselves: The Hidden Power of Self- Deception (New York: Crown, 2014).
-J. D. Brown, “Evaluations of Self and Others: Self- Enhancement Biases in Social Judgments,”
Social Cognition 4, no. 4 (1986): 353–76, http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/soco.1986.4.4.353.
-Shelley Taylor and Jonathon Brown, “Illusion and Well-being: A Social Psychological Perspectiv
e on Mental Health,” Psychological Bulletin 103, no. 2 (1988): 193–210, doi.org/10.1037/0033-2
909.103.2.193.

4

-Ruben Gur and Harold Sackeim, “Lying to Ourselves,” interview by Robert Krulwich, Radiolab,
WNYC studios, March 10, 2008, https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/radiolab/segments/91618- lying‑to‑ourselves.
８章 それでも賭ける価値があるか-Jonathan Fields, “Odds Are for Suckers,” blog post, http://www.jonathan fields.com/odds- are- fo
r- suckers/.
-Cris Nikolov, “10 Lies You Will Hear Before You Chase Your Dreams,” MotivationGrid, Decemb
er 14, 2013, https://motivationgrid.com/lies- you- will- hear- pursue- dreams/.
-Victor Ng, The Executive Warrior: 40 Powerful Questions to Develop Mental Toughness for Car
eer Success (Singapore: Marshall Cavendish International, 2018).
-Michael Macri, “9 Disciplines of Every Successful Entrepreneur,” Fearless Motivation, January
21, 2018, https://www.fearlessmotivation.com/2018/01/21/9‑disciplines‑of‑every- successful- entre
preneur/.
-William James, “The Will to Believe,” https://www.gutenberg.org/files/26659/26659‑h/26659‑h.htm.
-Jeff Lunden, “Equity at 100: More Than Just a Broadway Baby,” Weekend Edition Saturday, N
PR, May 25, 2013, https://www.npr.org/2013/05/25/186492136/equity‑at‑100- more- than- just‑a‑broadway- baby.
-Shellye Archambeau, “Take Bigger Risks,” interview by Reid Hoffman, Masters of Scale, podcas
t, https://mastersofscale.com/shellye- archambeau- take- bigger- risks/.
-Norm Brodsky, “Entrepreneurs: Leash Your Optimism,” Inc., December 2011, https://www.inc.com/magazine/201112/norm- brodsky‑on‑entrepreneurs‑as‑perennial- optimists.html.
-Ben Horowitz, The Hard Thing About Hard Things (New York: HarperCollins, 2014).
-Elon Musk, “Fast Cars and Rocket Ships,” interview by Scott Pelley, 60 Minutes, aired March
30, 2014, on CBS, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tesla- and- spacex- elon- musks- industrial- e
mpire/.
-Catherine Clifford, “Elon Musk Always Thought SpaceX Would ‘Fail’ and He’d Lose His Paypal
Millions,” CNBC.com, March 6, 2019, https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/06/elon- musk‑on‑spacex‑i‑always- thought‑we‑would- fail.html.
-Rory Cellan- Jones, “Tesla Chief Elon Musk Says Apple Is Making an Electric Car,” BBC, January 11, 2016, https://www.bbc.com/news/technology- 35280633.
-“Fast Cars and Rocket Ships,” 60 Minutes.
-Elon Musk and Sam Altman, “Elon Musk on How to Build the Future,” Y‑Combinator (blog),
September 15, 2016, https://blog.ycombinator.com/elon- musk‑on‑how‑to‑build- the- future/.
-Paul Hoynes, “ ‘Random Variation’ Helps Trevor Bauer, Cleveland Indians Beat Houston Astros,” Cleveland.com, April 27, 2017, https://www.cleveland.com/tribe/2017/04/random_variation_help
s_trevor.html.
-Alex Hooper, “Trevor Bauer’s Random Variation Downs Twins Again,” CBS Cleveland, May 14,
2017, https://cleveland.cbslocal.com/2017/05/14/trevor- bauers- random- variation- downs- twinsagain/.
-Merritt Rohlfing, “Trevor Bauer’s Homers Have Disappeared,” SB Nation (blog), May 26, 2018,5https://bit.ly/2RCg8Lb.
-Zack Meisel, “Trevor Bauer Continues to Wonder When Lady Luck Will Befriend Him: Zack M
eisel’s Musings,” Cleveland.com, June 2017, https://www.cleveland.com/tribe/2017/06/cleveland_i
ndians_minnesota_tw_138.html.
-“Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos and Brother Mark Give a Rare Interview About Growing Up and Se
crets to Success.” Posted by Summit, November 14, 2017. YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/w
atch? v= Hq89wYzOjfs.
-Lisa Calhoun, “When Elon Musk Is Afraid, This Is How He Handles It,” Inc., September 20, 2016, https://www.inc.com/lisa- calhoun/elon- musk- says‑he‑feels- fear- strongly- then- makes- t
his- move.html.
-Nate Soares, “Come to Your Terms,” Minding Our Way, October 26, 2015, http://mindingourway.
com/come‑to‑your- terms/.
９章 「謙虚さ」が強烈な影響力をもたらす-“Amazon’s Source,” Time, December 27, 1999.
-“Jeff Bezos in 1999 on Amazon’s Plans Before the Dotcom Crash,” CNBC, https://www.youtube.
com/watch?v=GltlJO56S1g.
-Eugene Kim, “Jeff Bezos to Employees: ‘One Day, Amazon Will Fail’ But Our Job Is to Delay
It as Long as Possible,” CNBC, November 15, 2018, https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/15/bezos- tel
ls- employees- one- day- amazon- will- fail- and‑to‑stay- hungry.html.
-Jason Nazar, “The 21 Principles of Persuasion,” Forbes, March 26, 2013, https://www.forbes.com/sites/jasonnazar/2013/03/26/the‑21‑principles‑of‑persuasion/.
-Mareo McCracken, “6 Simple Steps to Start Believing in Yourself (They’ll Make You a Better
Leader),” Inc., February 5, 2018, https://www.inc.com/mareo- mccracken/having- trouble- believing‑in‑yourself- that- means- your- leadership‑is‑suffering.html.
-Ian Dunt, “Remain Should Push for an Election,” politics.co.uk, October 24, 2019, https://www.politics.co.uk/blogs/2019/10/24/remain- should- push- for‑an‑election.
-Claude- Anne Lopez, Mon Cher Papa: Franklin and the Ladies of Paris (New Haven, CT: Yale
University Press, 1966).
-Benjamin Franklin, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin (New York: Henry Holt and Com
pany, 1916), via https://www.gutenberg.org/files/20203/20203‑h/20203‑h.htm.
-Franklin, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin.
-Maunsell B. Field, Memories of Many Men and of Some Women: Being Personal Recollectionsof Emperors, Kings, Queens, Princes, Presidents, Statesmen, Authors, and Artists, at Home and Abroad, During the Last Thirty Years (London: Sampson Low, Marston, Low & Searle, 1874), 280.
-C. Anderson et al., “A Status- Enhancement Account of Overconfidence,” Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology 103, no. 4 (2012): 718– 35, https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029395.
-M. B. Walker, “The Relative Importance of Verbal and Nonverbal Cues in the Expression of Co
nfidence,” Australian Journal of Psychology 29, no. 1 (1977): 45– 57, doi:10.1080/00049537708
258726.
-Brad Stone, The Everything Store: Jeff Bezos and the Age of Amazon (New York: Little, Brow

6

n & Company, 2013).
-D. C. Blanch et al., “Is It Good to Express Uncertainty to a Patient? Correlates and Consequences for Medical Students in a Standardized Patient Visit,” Patient Education and Counseling76, no. 3 (2009): 302, doi:10.1016/j.pec.2009.06.002.
-E. P. Parsons et al., “Reassurance Through Surveillance in the Face of Clinical Uncertainty: T
he Experience of Women at Risk of Familial Breast Cancer,” Health Expectations 3, no. 4 (2000): 263– 73, doi:10.1046/j.1369- 6513.2000.00097.x.
-“Jeff Bezos in 1999 on Amazon’s Plans Before the Dotcom Crash.”-Randall Kiser, How Leading Lawyers Think (London and New York: Springer, 2011), 153.
-Matthew Leitch, “How to Be Convincing When You Are Uncertain,” Working in Uncertainty, ht
tp://www.workinginuncertainty.co.uk/convincing.shtml.20. Stone, The Everything Store.
-“Jeff Bezos in 1999 on Amazon’s Plans Before the Dotcom Crash.”-“Jeff Bezos 1997 Interview,” taped June 1997 at the Special Libraries (SLA) conference in Seattle, WA. Video via Richard Wiggans, https://www.youtube.com/watch? v= rWRbTnE1PEM.
-Dan Richman, “Why This Early Amazon Investor Bet on Jeff Bezos’ Vision, and How the Tech
Giant Created Its ‘Flywheel,’ ” Geekwire, January 3, 2017, https://www.geekwire.com/2017/early- amazon- investor- bet- jeff- bezos- vision- tech- giant- created- flywheel/.
10章 「正しく」間違える方法-Philip E. Tetlock and Dan Gardner, Superforecasting: The Art and Science of Prediction (NewYork: Crown, 2015), 4.
-“GJP also beat its university- affiliated competitors, including the University of Michigan andMIT, by hefty margins, from 30% to 70%, and even outperformed professional intelligence analysts with access to classified data. After two years, GJP was doing so much better than its
academic competitors that IARPA dropped the other teams,” in Tetlock and Gardner, Superfo
recasting, 17–18.
-Jerry Taylor, “A Paid Climate Skeptic Switches Sides,” interview by Indre Viskontas and Stevie Lepp, Reckonings, October 31, 2017, http://www.reckonings.show/episodes/17.
-Philip E. Tetlock, Expert Political Judgment: How Good Is It? How Can We Know? (Princeton,
NJ: Princeton University Press, 2017), 132.
-Tetlock and Gardner, Superforecasting.
-Bethany Brookshire, “I went viral*. I was wrong,” BethanyBrookshire.com (blog), January 29, 2018, https://bethanybrookshire.com/i‑went- viral‑i‑was- wrong/.
-Buck Shlegeris, “ ‘Other people are wrong’ vs ‘I am right,’ ” Shlegeris.com (blog), http://shlegeris.com/2019/02/22/wrong.
-Devon Zuegel, “What Is This thing?” DevonZuegel.com (blog), https://devonzu egel.com/page/wha
t‑is‑this- thing.
11章 「漏れ」「欠け」「穴」の見極め方-Charles Darwin, letter to Asa Gray, April 3, 1860, https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/DCPLETT- 2743.xml.

7

-Charles Darwin, The Autobiography of Charles Darwin (New York: W. W. Norton & Company,
1958), 141.
-Star Trek: The Original Series, season 1, episode 16, “The Galileo Seven,” aired January 5, 19
67, on NBC.
-Bruce Bueno de Mesquita, The War Trap (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1983).
-Deepak Malhotra and Max H. Bazerman, Negotiation Genius: How to Overcome Obstacles andAchieve Brilliant Results at the Bargaining Table and Beyond (New York: Bantam Books, 2008), 261.
-Christopher Voss, Never Split the Difference: Negotiating as if Your Life Depended on It (NewYork: HarperCollins, 2016), 232.
-Michael Emmans Dean, “Selective Suppression by the Medical Establishment of Unwelcome R
esearch Findings: The Cholera Treatment Evaluation by the General Board of Health, London
1854,” Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 109, no. 5 (2016): 200– 205, doi:10.1177/014
1076816645057.
-Gary A. Klein, Sources of Power: How People Make Decisions (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2017), 2
76.
-M. S. Cohen, J. T., Freeman, and B. Thompson, “Critical Thinking Skills in Tactical Decision
Making: A Model and a Training Strategy,” in Making Decisions Under Stress: Implications f
or Individual and Team Training, eds. J. A. Cannon-Bowers and E. Salas (Washington, DC: A
merican Psychological Association, 1998), 155– 89, https://doi.org/10.1037/10278- 006.
12章 「エコーチェンバー」という怠惰な誘惑-Rachael Previti, “I Watched Only Fox News for a Week and This Is What I ‘Learned,’ ” Toughto Tame, May 18, 2019, https://www.toughtotame.org/i‑watched- only- fox- news- for‑a‑week- a
nd- heres- what‑i‑learned.
-Ron French, “A Conservative and Two Liberals Swapped News Feeds. It Didn’t End Well,” Bridge Magazine, April 6, 2017, https://www.bridgemi.com/quality- life/conservative- and- two- libe
rals- swapped- news- feeds‑it‑didnt- end- well.
-Christopher A. Bail et al., “Exposure to Opposing Views on Social Media Can Increase Political
Polarization,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 37 (2018): 9216– 21,
doi:10.1073/pnas.1804840115.
-“Discuss Gender Equality,” Reddit, https://www.reddit.com/r/FeMRADe bates/.
-proud_slut (Reddit user), comment on “In Defense of Feelings and a Challenge for the MRAs,”
Reddit, January 19, 2015, https://www.reddit.com/r/FeMRADebates/comments/2sxlbk/in_defense_
of_feelings_and_a_chal lenge_for_the/cntu4rq/.
-proud_slut (Reddit user), comment on “You Don’t Hate Feminism, You Just Don’t Understand I
t,” Reddit, July 24, 2014, https://www.reddit.com/r/FeMRADebates/comments/2bmtro/you_dont_h
ate_feminism_you_just_dont_understand_it/cj6z5er/.
-avantvernacular (Reddit user), comment on “Who has positively changed your view of a groupfrom the opposite side on this sub?,” Reddit, May 29, 2014, https://www.reddit.com/r/FeMRAD
ebates/comments/26t0ic/who_has_positively_changed_your_view_of_a_group/chubl5t/.
-proud_slut (Reddit user), comment on “I’m leaving,” Reddit, August 7, 2014, https://www.reddit.

8

com/r/FeMRADebates/comments/2cx56b/im_leaving/.
-Jerry Taylor, “A Paid Climate Skeptic Switches Sides,” interview by Indre Viskontas and Stevie Lepp, Reckonings, October 31, 2017, http://www.reckonings.show/episodes/17.
-Jerry Taylor, “Episode 3: A Professional Climate Denier Changes His Mind,” interview by Quin
Emmett and Brian Colbert Kennedy, Important Not Important, podcast, https://www.importantnotimportant.com/episode‑3‑jerry- taylor- transcript.
-Scott Alexander, “Talking Snakes: A Cautionary Tale,” Less Wrong, March 12, 2009, https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/atcJqdhCxTZiJSxo2/talking- snakes‑a‑cautionary- tale.
13章 「思考」はいかに「その人自身」になるのか-Courtney Jung, Lactivism: How Feminists and Fundamentalists, Hippies and Yuppies, and Phy
sicians and Politicians Made Breastfeeding Big Business and Bad Policy (New York: Basic Bo
oks, 2015), 19.
-Kerry Reals, “Jamie Oliver, I Branded Myself a Failure Because of Pro- Breastfeeding Propaga
nda. Think Before You Speak,” The Independent, March 20, 2016, https://www.independent.co.
uk/voices/jamie- oliver‑i‑branded- myself‑a‑failure- because‑of‑pro- breastfeeding- propagandathink- before- you- a6942716.html.
-Glosswitch, “Our Regressive, Insensitive, and Cultish Attitudes Toward Breastfeeding,” New St
atesman, February 11, 2013, https://www.newstatesman.com/lifestyle/2013/02/our- regressive- insensitive- and- cultish- attitude- breastfeeding.
-Jung, Lactivism, 50.
-“Breastfeeding vs. Bottle Debate Gets Ugly,” ABC News, August 21, 2001, https://abcnews.go.co
m/GMA/story? id= 126743& page= 1.8. Lauren Lewis, “Dear ‘Fed Is Best’ Campaigners, Parents, and Internet Trolls,” Breastfeeding World (blog), April 14, 2017, http://breastfeedingworld.o
rg/2017/04/fed‑up‑with- fed‑is‑best/.
-Justin McCarthy, “Less Than Half in U.S. Would Vote for a Socialist for President,” Gallup, M
ay 9, 2019, https://news.gallup.com/poll/254120/less- half- vote- socialist- president.aspx.
-Catskill Animal Sanctuary, “Optimism Is a Conscious Choice,” https://casa nctuary.org/optimism‑is‑a‑conscious- choice/.
-Morgan Housel, “Why Does Pessimism Sound So Smart?,” The Motley Fool, January-Comment on “This is what makes science so damn wonderful,” I Fucking Love Science (group),
https://www.facebook.com/IFuckingLoveScience/posts/2804651909555802? comment_id= 2804656
062888720& reply_comment_id= 2804664182887908.
-Amy Sullivan, “The Unapologetic Case for Formula- Feeding,” New Republic, July 31, 2012, ht
tps://newrepublic.com/article/105638/amy- sullivan- unapologetic- case- formula- feeding.
-Suzanne Barston, Fearless Formula Feeder, http://www.fearlessformulafeeder.com/.
-Megan McArdle, “How to Win Friends and Influence Refugee Policy,” Bloomberg Opinion, November 20, 2015, https://www.bloomberg.com/opin ion/articles/2015‑11‑20/six- bad- arguments- for‑u‑s‑to‑take‑in‑syrian- refugees.
-Kris Wilson, Cyanide and Happiness #3557, May 14, 2014, http://explosm.net/comics/3557/.
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ps://boards.weddingbee.com/topic/anyone- cfbc- and- change- their- mind/.

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14章 「こだわり」を捨て、「視点」をしなやかに保つ-Paul Graham, “Keep Your Identity Small,” blog post, February 2009, http://www.paulgraham.com/identity.html.
-Bryan Caplan, “The Ideological Turing Test,” Library of Economics and Liberty, June 20, 2011,https://www.econlib.org/archives/2011/06/the_ideological.html.
-Adam Mongrain, “I Thought All Anti- Vaxxers Were Idiots. Then I Married One,” Vox, Septem
ber 4, 2015, https://www.vox.com/2015/9/4/9252489/anti- vaxx- wife.
-Julia Belluz, “How Anti- Vaxxers Have Scared the Media Away from Covering Vaccine Side Eff
ects,” Vox, July 27, 2015, https://www.vox.com/2015/7/27/9047819/H1N1- pandemic- narcolepsyPandemrix.
15章 「マッピング思考」は“行動のエンジン”-Josh Harris, “A Statement on I Kissed Dating Goodbye,” blog post, https://joshharris.com/state
ment/.
-phileconomicus (Reddit user), comment on “CMV: Mass shootings are a poor justification for gu
n control,” Reddit, August 7, 2019, https://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/comments/cn7td1/cm
v_mass_shootings_are_a_poor_justification_for/ew8b47n/? context= 3.
-pixeldigits (Reddit user), comment on “CMV: Companies having my personal data is not a big
deal,” Reddit, September 7, 2018, https://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/comments/9dxxra/cmv_companies_having_my_personal_data_is_not_a/e5mkdv7/.
-shivux (Reddit user), comment on “CMV: The U.S. is doing nothing wrong by detaining and deporting illegal immigrants,” Reddit, July 24, 2019, https://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/com
ments/ch7s90/cmv_the_us_is_doing_nothing_wrong_by_detaining/eus4tj3/.
-Julian Sanchez, “Nozick,” blog post, January 24, 2003, http://www.juliansanchez.com/2003/01/24/
nozick/.
-Richard Dawkins, The God Delusion (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2006), 320.

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