lSSN O912−7410

No．28 November1996．ヽ■lJり■．ヾI∴ 一I ′．りごりJ〃TE月〃ArJO〃Aエ ⊥A片E E〃l〃月0Ⅳ〟EⅣT CO〟〟JTT■月旦 FOLr〃かATJO〃−ForBetterLake Management
This Newsletteris also availableinJapanese．

The launch into Cyberspace
ILEC sHomePagegoeson−1ine
WelcomebIんeiLECHomePageJ

h血fnado皿■Ⅰ血En扇ron皿CntCo刀1山1i批亡fouldadon♪，、肋 舶鵬元耶′す滋〟ム血♂勉仰如・・；㌫忘一・J

http：〟www．biwa．or．jp／ile
OftheStateof［heWorldLakes，andabrief
introduction to the Directory of Water
shoulduseittofurtherourca11Se，
RelatedInternationalCooperation・Ti10Se
asmanyproblems asitissupposedfamiliarwiththeInternetandtheprofllSion
tosoIve．Foral1thetechnologicaladvances
OmPuterSare，withoutdoubt，atthe Ofhomepages onit，Willalsobe familiar
madeoverthec11rrentCenturyitslegacyto
forefrontoftechnology・Byutilis with the term under construction ．Our
tlleneWmillenniumwouldstlllappeartobe
underconslrucr
1ngCOmputerSprOperly，informa− homepageis verymuch
adyingmotherearth・Forestsarebeingcut
dowIlfaster than they can bereplanted； tiongathering，retrieYalanddissemination tion ，butin theshorttimeithas been on−
1ine we have received over12，000 上Iits −Wholelakesal◆edryingup；andatmospheric Canbemadeagreatdealeasierthanithas
thatis to say overi2．000people上−aVebeenuptonowandcanreachalargernumr
POllutionisraglng atalevelthatcanonly
accessed our homepagefrom thcirownberofpeOPlethaneverimaginedbefore・It
COmFX］undmatterswithsideeffectssuchas
COmputer・Alotofthesel光OplelladlleVel、
iswiththisinmindthatILECisproudto
acidrainandseriousdepletionoftheozone
evenheard ofILECbefore they made aannounceitslal】nChintoCyberspace・For
layer．
SearChontheInternetforgenel◆alinforma−
thoseofyouunfamiliarwiththela（estcom
tiononlakesandreservoirs．
Puteトbabblethisis
anotherwayofsaylng
However，teChnology，and especially
thatILECnowhasitsownhomepageon
advancesinit，isheretostayandtosuggest
We hope allofyou with access to tlle
aIlything to thecontrary would berather theInternet．TheinformatlOn heldin those
PageS COVerS a Wide variety ofILECPs
Internetwilltakealookato11rhomepage
likeKlngCanutetrylngtOrePelthewaves・
andcontactuswithyo11rOPlnion・
activitユeSStartingwitllthecompleteSurvey
No，ratherweshouldacceptthatithasits
ewpeoplewo111ddisagreewiththeFroletoplaylnOurlivesandasenvironmen−

notionthattechnologyoftenbringstallyconcernedcitizens oftheworld weC

lN

iwaM。Se。mTH】S ・IndianLakesReportlSSUE：慧芸芸慧憲禁冨Sp／IETC●StockholmConference／ShigaForum●HiroYamagataPosters●LakesoftheWorld−Turkcy
New Publicationsns

・ForthcomingEvents

EnvironmentalEducationProjectConcludes
t wasin1989thatILECinitiated a
PilotproJeCtfordeveloplng aneW
Ⅰ approachtoenvironmentaleducation
inprlmaryandsecondaryschooIsofBrazil，DellmarkaIldJapan．Itsbasicideawasthat

PilotschooIs・Ineachcountry，thetrainlng
OfresponsibleteachersaswellasthedevelA
opmentofEnvironmentalEducation（EE）
curriculaandvarious teachingmaterials，
includingsin1Pleexperimen［alinstruments，
WereSuCCeSSfullycarriedoutwiththesup−
plyofpartialfunding，informationandcer−
taininstrumentsfromILEC．

wasplacedonstartingtheeducatlOnPrO−
gramwiththerecognltionofthestateof
thelocalenvironmentalandmakingfull
useoffieldobservationandexperimental
prac【ice・

lakcs and otherir11and water bodies near

SChooIswouldprovide，ifcombinedwith
the study oftheircatchment areas，anexcellentsubjectforyoungergenera【ionsto
understand theentityoftheenvironmen［．
COmPlexinteractionsbetweennaturalandsocio−eCOnOmic factors，importanceof
waterresources，andmeansforcoplngWith
env辻onmentaldegradation・PromisingresultsofthepilotprqJeCtled
LheJapaneseEnvironmentAgencytoslユp−
pr【ILEC sfive−yearVentu∫e（1991−1995），
J−・tりりパJ、・∫J11rJ、仙・L′削川∴∫／J＝ノ晶■ ∴ 両川

伽vgJ叩加gCo〟〃rr〜e∫，Withtheparticlpa−
tion ofArgentina，GhanaandThailanda（1dc〔lto［he three countries men［ioned
above．In additionto thebasic approach
cmployedbytLlePilotproJeCt，emPhasis

oth students and teachers con−

B PrqeCtandagreedthatitwasvery
cernederuoyedpartlCIPatinglnthe

successful．The EE activitiesin pilot
schooIsalsoaffectedstudents families andlocalcommunitleS，eVenglVlngrisetolocal
movements towardcleanlng theenviron−
ment．

ArgentinianschooIchi［drenA synthesisoftheproJeCtllaS beenpubr
lishedrecently andis available flLOmthe
ILEC
Secretariat．A vol11me OfILEC s
Committee served as national coordinators
Guideline Book series on environmental
intheirrespectivecountries，Organising
SteerlngCOmmittees，andnominatlngSeVer− educationisnowbeingeditedbasedontheprq］eCt sex匹rlenCeS・
alelementaryandjuniorhigherschooIsas
Members or the ILEC Scientific

Lake BiwaMuseum

0penedbyRoyalty

IndianLakesReport

Tlle LakeBiwa Museum was opened
amidstconsiderablefanfarebytheirRoyalHighnessesPrinceAkishinoandPrincess
KlkooIIFriday180ctober，1996・

withthe numbers exceeding5，000most

A report entiと1ed Cβ乃∫er−Ⅵ〃の−α′−ddays・Themuseumisaccessiblebybothroadandwaterbymeansofaboatservice・
Manypeoplecomeforthewholedayand〟α〝 瑠emg〃Jげエαたど∫戊e∫g川OJr∫飯山ーdfα

visit theILEC and UNEP／IETCfacilities

reservoirsindeveloplngCOuntries・

Situatcd directlyoppositeILECIsoffices
oIlthe shorcs ofLakeBiwa，themuse11m
wasvisited by the twomembersoftheJapaneseroyalfamilytwice・Aftertheoffト
Cialceremony ol−the Friday，tlley thenreturnedonSaturdayforaSymposiumat
WhichthePrincehimselfgaveapaper・n thewakeofever−increaslnghuman
POPulatlOnandrapidindustrialisation，
Ⅰ 1akes，rivers，Wetlandsandotheraquaト
ichabitatsinIndiahavenaturallybeenthe
victlmS，directlyorindirectly，Ofallanthro
POgenicactivitleSeitherinthewaterbodies
orintheh・WaterSheds．
j Thisreportdoesnotattempt【odescribea11 asects ofwaterィelated environmentalpissuesinIndia，butratherplaces greater

emphasis ontheintroduction ofpeoplels（including government， Citizens，
researchers and other sectors）efforts fortheconservationandmanagementofexisト
1ngOrVanishingwaterbodiesinIndia▲

Themuseumwasopenedtothepublicon
Sunday200ctober・Museum staffwere
reportedtohavecomeontheopenlngday・Since then the crowds have not abated，

Seriesofsurveyofthestateoflakes anda【thesametlme．

The Symposium，entitled
LakeBiwa，Fish and People r An East Asian
PcrspeCtive，WaSattendedbysome250
peoplewithpapersglVenbyspeakers丘om
Japanandabroad・ThePrince，Wl−Ohasa
doctorateinbiology，gaVehispaperonthe
lifeofacatfishintheMekongRiverin
northernThailand andparticIPated adis−
cussion as one of panelists.

overwhelmed wi（h somelO、000visitors

WaSPllblishedaspartofILECscontinulng

TheirRoyalHighnesses
arrivingtoopenthemuseum

Tl−erePOrtisintended【o serve as back−groundmaterialforpromotingll−terna【ion−alcooperatlOnbyintroducingthecasesof∞nVerSationandmanagementoflakesand
reservoirsinIndia．

Profileon ProfessorRobertG．VVetzel
ILEC ScientificCommitteeMember

ANewFace at
ILEC

macrophytevegetation，byultravioletradia−
tionofnaturalsunlight．Thestudiesdemon−
Scientific Committee，RobertG．
Stratethe generationofnumerous volatile
WetzelisBisbop Professorof
fattyacidsthatarereadilyutllizedbybacte−
BiologlCalSciences，University ofriaandgreatlyacceleratenutrientregenera−
Alabama，Tuscaloosa，USA，Hison−gOlng
tionandratesofnutrientrecycling．
researchprogramsaddresstwom句OrareaSA

foundingmemberoftheILEC

Ofcontemporarylimnology・Thefirstarea
BecalISethedissoIvedorganiccompounds
inhisprogramsincludesexperlmentalstudr
Ofrelativelyrecalcitrantchemicalcomposi−
ies thatevaluate and quantifythe abiotic
tionemanatingfromlllgllerPlantstructural
andbiotlCprOCeSSeSthatregl】1atethereten−
tissues dominatein aquatic ecosystems，
tion，tranSformation，and／orexportofdis−
metabolismofthesecompolIndsdominate
SOIvedorganicmatterfromspeCifichabitats
completely in fresh waters. Professor
inlake and streamecosystems，alongthe
Wetzel s research demonstrated that th占
followlngdirections＝Slow butmassivedecomposition ofthese・QuantitativeloadingsofnaturaldissoIved detritalcompol】ndsprovides a bufferedmetabolismessentialtothethermodynamic
Organiccompoundsfromallochthonousandstability of aquatic ecosystems
wetland−1ittoralsources tolakes andMr．Kiyoshilmai
Mr・KiyoshiImaiis the new Secrctary
GeneralofILEC▲BeforeJOlnlngILEChe
WaSinvoIvedcloselywiththeenactmentof
a number of Shiga Prefectural
EnvironmentalOrdinances．Itis not sur

PrlSlng thenthatin hisworkhe sayshe
Wishes toemphasise the3Rs＝ Reruse ，
Re−CyCleP ，and Reduce rWewillonlybe
StreamS・ParticlIlaremphasisisdirectedto
be second area ofllis researcllis
ableto hand over adecentenvironmentto
theveryhighprodl】Ctivityoraquaticmacro−
directedtowardtliecouplingsand Ol汀Cllildrenifwere−uSegOOds，re−CyCle
PhytesandtheepIPhytlCmicroflorainshal−
Whereapproprla【e，andperllaPS themostinterdependencies ofwetland al−dlowlakesandwetlands．
1it【oralorgallisms and【heirmetabolismto important ofa11，reducc collSumPt1011．
thewholeoflakeandnverecosystems・His
Witho11tan emPhasis on these3Rs ourStudiesfocusparticularlyon［hephysiology envirorlmentalactivitiesarehandicapped，
andecoIogyofhigher aquaticplants andassociated attachedmicroorganisms．He
demonstratedtheoverwhelmlngPrOductlVト
tiesofthemacrophytesandparticularlytheT．

andatUNEP−
IETC．

attached microflorainmostlake and stream

VicenteSantlagO，abiologistfromMexico
ecosystems．Muchexperimentalstudyis
with a PhDin EnvironmentalChemical
now directed to quantifying controIs ofEngineering（UK）has been workingin
intensiverecyclingofcarbon．phosphoruS，Professor Wetzel
UNEPsince1986・Hisfirstpsltionwasat
Ilitrogen，a11dothernutrlentSamOngtheepi−
・Determination ofphysICal，Cllemical，alldtheRegionalOfficeforLatinAmericaand
Phyticcommunitiesofalgae，Particulateandbioticenvironmentalfactors thatregulate
the Caribbean，and then moved to thedissoIveddetritus，and bacteria．fungl，and
microbialanddegradationoftheorganic
Caribbean EnvironmentProgrammeinother heterotrophic protists within thematter and associated rates of nutrient
mngston，Jamaica，Where血ecoordillateda
regerleration，PartlCularlyofphosphorusand attached communities embedded in dense
reglOmalprogramme onInlegrated
inorganic carbon・Examples of such mucoplysaccharidematrices・Forexample，Plarming andInstitutionalDevelopment
thedirectphysiologlCalinterdependency
processes血clude（IPID）for fiveyears・Dr・SantiagollaS
between attachedalgalphotosynthesis andrecently」OinedtheShigaOfficeofIETCto
・・Bacterialmetabolismbyspatialandtem− attached bacterialmetabolismis criLicalto
Strengthentheinstitution scapabilitieson
poraldynamicsofkmperatureandorganic【helligllefFiciencyofinternalrecyclingof
mattersrelatedtothemanagementoffresh
Substrateavailabilityinlakes，
nuMents and the high productivity of theWaterreSOl】rCeS．
−●Complexationofextracellularenzymes
epiphyticcommunities．
withorganiccompounds，andProfessorWetzelhasheldthehighestofnces・・Alterationoforganics11bstrateandnutri−
ent utilizationin association with carbon− inmanymaJOrlimnologlCalorganizations，
ates，iron，andpartlCulateorganicmatter． SuChasPresidentoftheAmericanSocietyof
Limnology andOceanography andGeneral
Secretary−TreasureroftheInternational・A primary research effort currently
addressesexperimentallytheeffectsofpho− AssociationofTheoreticaland Applied
Limnologyforthepast30years・Heisalso
tochemicalalterationofdissoIvedorganic■ ・■−・・一㍗lF一才．

Substancesparticularly humic andfulvic
acids from decomposing terrestrialandtheauthororcorauthorof14booksandover

340articlesirLSCientificjournalsandbooks．

Mr・VicenteSantiago

StockholmConferenceonVVaterIssues
WhatistheStockholm

WaterSymPOSium？
Arranged bytheStockholm Water
Company，theSymposiumisamammualinternationalconrereneeonwaterisslleS

attended hyscientistsIPOliticiansand
decision makers from a1lover tlle
WOrld．Thepurpose oftheSymposillm
istoraiseqⅦeStionssurro11mdillgWater
amdwaterenvironments，WithaYiewto
thefut11re・TheSymposillmisorganizedunderthedirectivesofa scientific（・Om−mitteeeomsistimgorSwedishamdint打−natiomalmembers，andissupportedby

lLEC■sProfessorMatsui（［eft）attendingtheSymposiumO

ne ofthe greatest threats toour
VeryeXistencetodaylS enViron
me11talpollutlOn，nOtleastofour
water．Watcrissuch aprerequisitefora11
1ife on tllis earth ulatitcannot be amatter

Ofonlynationalconcern：itisaninterna−
tionalconcern・ItisJuStSuChfarSighted
thinkingthatledtotheestablishmentofthe
StockllOlmWaterFoundation（血eorganis
ersoftheStockholmWaterPrize），andthe
StockllOlmWaterSymposilm・scit∋mtincbodiesaroumdtheworld．

Problemsll．Heldoveraperiodofsixdays，
Whatisthe Stockholm
丘om4−9AlIguSt，theconferencewasoncel（ねterPrize？
agalnaPartOfthearlnualStockholmWater
Festival．AnumberofPlenary Sessions，AwardedamnⅥallytobringattentionto
Wllich featuredkeynote addresses fromapersonorpersonswhohavemadcan
SPeakerswhowillalsobeattendingthe
OutStandingcontrib11tionto the safe−
lnterrlatlOnalShigaForum，PosterSessions
guardimg or tlle WOrld−s water
andWorkshopswereheld，Culminatlngln
resollrCeS，tlleStockholmWaterPrizeis
the Stockbolm Water Prize Awarda Eoveted global environment Prize.
Ceremonyat山eCityHall▲
LeadingscicntificorgarLjzatiollS，u11i−

The 1996 Symposium was the sixth held
Si11Ceitsincephonin1991，andwasentitled
Safegual■ding Water ResollrCeS for

Thisyear sWaterPrizewasawardedtoDr・J（）rgImbergeroftheUniversityofWestern
Australiaforcreatlng aCOmputerisedpre−
dictive analysISmOdelcorrelating water

VerSities，COllegesand acadcnlicsrrom
arourLd the world areillVitcd tol10）lli−
nate candidates for th（・Prizc，Witlla
Winnereventua11ybeingselectedbyttle
StockllOlm Water FouTldation Board ofTomorrow − New Solutions to Old

motionresearchwithbiochemicaldata．

Directors．

Hil■OYamagataisJapall■smostfamousliv−
1ngmOdernartist・CuITentlyresiderltinLos
Angelesl−ePalntedthepictureshownl−ere
as aresulLofl】is concern for the deteriora
tionoftlleear【ll senvironment．Yamagata
WaSborninSlligaPrefectureandinhisowII
WOrds ILllOughthardto seeiftllere WaSanythingIcoulddofortheplaceIwasborn
nearan（1paln［edthepICturePLakeBiwa asa
resultl ．

PostersllaVe beenmade ofthe pICture．
whichhangsintllebuildingwhereILECis
located，andsomeofthefundsraisedLTOm
thesaleofthesepos【ersgotOILECtosup−
POrtaCtivitiesin ai（loflakeandrcservoir
preservation・AnyreaderswishiI−gtOPur
chaseaposterorrequlrlng anyinformation
should contact［11elLECSecretalLiat r con−tactdetailscanbcfouIldollthebackpageof
tllisnewslet【er．

HiroYamagata sLakeB

InternationalShigaForumonTbchnologyfor

Ⅵ加erManagement−SoftOptionsorHardChoices
Aわ∫e乃CgqfⅥ加grg乃伽
力1fer乃αrわ乃αJPoJ∫如αJ

Agenda，AsitBiswas

especiallythedeveloplng。・l（；／t小り／rJ・（、＼・／川いけく／
WOrld−islikely to face
（1り〃l，（〃J山J卜■〃！（凡＼ヾJuntoldhumanmisery more
．1Jハ川．ヾ■Jい＝J山
frequently and extensively 助激励d壷F撒血相抽
thanhasbeenfeCOrdedinthe

Water management during
りごJ∫．∴・．＝・．J〜・、・
past，Theabovesimplemes−
theearlierpartofthe21st
AnthonyMilburn
century is going to be an Sagehasstillnotpercolated
into thecollectiveconscious−
increasing difficult task・This paperidentifies thre
Thereisnoquestion血at山e nessoftheworld．InsplteOf
m叫OrChallenges
facingthe
totalglobaldemandonwater the general rhetoric theg10balfreshwatersector：
resources，bothin terms of Dublin Conference on Water
quantlty andquality，Will 弧d山eE11Vironmentwasprト・The mass of the public
continue to increase due to marilyafailure，弧dcontraryincreaslngPOPulation，Chang−

toexpectations，itdidvirtual− around the world is unaware

managemellt prOCeSSeS

agenda，al−dwhyitmustbe

ershipillthe freshwatersec−
tor，atnational，reglOnalandinternationa11evels．Thiscon−
tributes also to the lack of
COnCerted actioIlbygovern−mentsonfreshwatermatters．

・In orderto meetthegrow−
1ngdemalldsbeingmadeon
the world s freshwaters，Whichareoffinitequantlty，ahugeincreaseinproductivlty
isneeded．

1ynothillgtOputWaterOntbe Ofthechallenges faclng the 0verallaわJ〟g rgV（フJ〟／わ乃isinglifestyleswhichwould
freshwater sector．As a result
neededintheway marlkind
translateintohigherpercapl−internationalpoliticalagenda．
Ofthepublic
oplniononthemanagesits freshwaters，tO
Professor Biswas s paper
tarequlrementS，andescalat−
issueislackingandthepolitiT
SeCurethehugeincreasein
1nghumanactivitiesneeded analyses why a critical
Calsystemsoftheworldgen−productivityof freshwater
resourcesissuelikewaterhas
toprovidemorefood，energy
erallydonotrecognlSeWater usage needed for the nextSOfarbeenbasicallyigllOred
alld industrial goods．
issuesasahighpriorlty．
Centuryandto establishsusL
Accordillgly，ul11ess water illtheillternationalpoliticalbecome increasingly more
efficientatamuchfasterrate
血an has ever been witnessed

accordedahigherprofile．

・Thereis a vacuum oflead−

taillableexploitationofwater
resources．Thecatalystforthe
neededchallgeSWOuldbea
lleW globalFreshwater

TheShigaInternationalForumwi11befbcuslng
Convention．
inhumanhistory，theworld− onenvironmentaIlysoundtechnologiesbrwater
managementoveraperiodoftllreedaysfrom
25−27November，1996．Herewehighlightfour OPmentintheMekongRIVCr
Basill into the next century.
尺八・【ソ・／†り∫JJトけ、■
abstractsfrompaperstobegivenattheForum・
gcoJogzc（‡J乙加血−

Thc Mekong RiverdatiollOftheBalticSeawere
り・∴・∵J∴、り・
Commissioll（MRC）intellds
Co呼erα如乃α乃d聯rf∫
hamperedbytheIronCurtaln∂gveわβJ77印fα乃don starr preparatioll of a
カrl砲fgr〟α乃dge椚e〃rWhicheffectivelydividedthe／ナノ／＝・JJ．J〟（りJ．J／
Basill Developmcllt Plail
Aro〟Jld娩ピβαgffc5 ビα−BalticRegionintoaWesternC（フOd〜乃αJわJl−（BDP）in early1997．The
a11d an Eastern sectioll．
SvenIijork
YasunobuMatoba
BDPwi11provide aframe−
EllVironmentalthreatslike
WOrkagreeablebyallcoulト
ItslollgreLcIltioユ1Linlealld discharge of DDT，PCB，tries for sustaillable use or
The devclopmcllt of theOrganicmatterandnutrielltS
salillity stratificatioll makeMekomg RivcrBasillismov− waterandrelatedresourcesill
havebeenpossibletorcducethe】〕altic Sea seIISitive Lo
ing fast．EcollOmic growth the river basill． The
from the western sector alld
pollution・Eutrophication，
ratesareexpectedtobeillthe EnvironmentProgranlnleWill
OXygClldcficicncyalldaccu−arecurrentlyullderrcduction
SuPPOrttheBDPpreparation，
in theeastern olle．Howevcr， Orderof6−9％peryearforthe
mulation in the food web offoreseeablefuture，a11dsimul− alld e11Virorlmelltalaspects
POISOl10uS SubstallCeShave，newthreatssuchasunlimited
will be collsidered for all
taneously，illVeS〔menLSillthcrcrore，CauSed severe increaseofcartrarricarldthe
industrialandpowergeneraト nationalsectordevelopment
ellVirollmCntalproblems． intensive rragmentatioll，
1ngPlalltSCanbeexpectedto plallS a】1dprq】eCとS，andinte−including drainage ofthe
Evc11if山ebasinhadbecome
llearly double overthe：neXtgratcd in the process of
CatChmcntlar）dscapewithitsllegativcly influenced
developlllgtheBDPfocuslng
decade．Itistimenowto take【hroughout theindustrial riverbasillSareaPpearing．A
OlltraIISboulldarylmpaCtS．
theopportunlty
tO
PreVerLt
Period，pOliticalawarenessofredevclopmelltPrOgramhas，
The
BDPisilltellded to be a
irrcversihle impacts on thetheproblemshasonlyrecenト Ofcourse，tO Start Ol11alld，
permanellt tool for future
C11Virollmellt，a11dpreparethe
focusinf. on iestoratioll of
1ybeellreCOrded．
plannillgill【he MekoIlg
basis for a sustai11able alldmatterrecyclingwithinindi−
Basill．
ellViroIllllClltallysoullddevel−vidualriverbasins．
Effortstos【opfwtherdegra
JJ汀＝・仇汀いJIり／

5⊥．・1人イ∴ヾりFT●〃／ニーIl■り〟J。J）
TurkishLakesandReservoirs：ManagementandConservation
R SinanErer＆GonulMihtadiz
tisnDt0月ユywat軋butalユ最ndsDfれat−

StudleS areCOntlnuingto伽dthereasonsural resources that has made theandsolutlOnS．Thenextgreatestlakeisthe

Ⅰ Wealth ofTurkey．However，Only
SaltLakeusedexteIISivelyforsaltproduc
recentlyhasitbecomeabundantlyclear【hat wealthcanbringdisasterifyoudon t
manageit ．Turkeyisindeedrichwithits
riversandlakes，butimpactsofshortAterm
COnCernS along with the fasti11dustl■ia】
developmentprocessarenowincreasing
andfurtherexacerbatingenvironmental
problems．

tion・Theremainlnglakesarealmostal1
freshwaterresourcesusedforsupplyof
drinking water．domestic andindustrial
uses・Certainlytheyarerecreationalele−merI【s，W肋irIぬeverysuざCepdb】eecoユogl
Calbalance，inharmonywitllthesuITOund−
1ngSettlementsandtheircultures，Reservoirsaremainlyusedforthepurpos−

tantimpactonthereservoirspartlCularly・
AnotllerSlgnificantproblemwiththereservoirsisrathersocial：displacemelltOf
thelocal匹Ople・
Mostofthesettlementzonesdevelopedat
thelakeperiphel●ieswereoncesmal1com→汀沌∽ities出】8tユ∂Ckedぶe−VerageSySrem5but
naw have grown into larger towns stilllacking sufficient sewerage systems alld
no treatmentfacilitleS atall・Itiseasyto
guess仙atlakeswilldeteriol、ateint鮎velγ

Lake Sapanca
es ofimgation，energy prOd11Ction and
InTurkey．naturallakesspreadoverasuト
faceareaof8903km2（480fthemwitlla drinkinganddomesticwatersupply・The
surfaceareagreaterthan5km2）whereas largestreservoiri60fthe AtattlrkDam
the164reservoirscoverapproximately COnStruCted within the context of the
2410km2・ThelargestisLakeVaninthe South−Eastern Anatolia Development

nearfutureunlesspreventlVemeaSl汀eSare
taken. Lake Sapanca in northwestern
Turkey，Which was a drirlking water
resourceforapopulationofover50，000
untilveryrecently，1SnOWaStrkingexam−
pr句ecf・eaざと．w地iとざ3713km2gu・ねcearea，Tbe
Pleofsuchconditions．Thetown，Verylakehasaveryhighcontentofsodi11m
Close toIstanbul，is oneofthebiggst
s for the environmentalcondi−hydroxideandthereforecannotbeusedfor
industrialcentersofthecountry・DirecttionsofTurkishlakes，SlgnSOf
drinkingwatersupply・VeryrecentlyLake
dischargeofdomesticwastewateraswelldeterioratlOn
areObservedalmost
VanllaSbecomeverypopularinthemass−
as waste discharge fromindtlStries andmediawith thereportedsightings ofa everywhere．Urbanization andindustrial agnculturalareasstmundingthelakeare
developmentwithinthelakesenvironment
monsterbythelocalpeople，Whichisstlll
glVingwayto afastpollutionprocess
notexplained scientirically・Thougfl，a aⅣ伽m年lOrSOurCeSOfpol如ioロ．Par丘1】e】
亡OWardざeuとrop上Iica貢on・5wamp5and
moreimportantproblemiswiththeconti−to these．deforestation and desertification
marsheshaveincreased，thewaterquality
nouslyrising waterlevelresultingln havecausedsevereimpactsbyalteringthe
ismeasuredto behighinnitrogenandlakeecosystemsこSiltationbeinganimpor− VerylowdissoIvedoxygenlevels，andtlle
SeVerefloodsLInvestlBationsandresearch

ACOmPOnentS，Cal1sforpreventlOnOfpollur
lakeisgetling smallereveryyear・Daily
tlOnin thelake environment but the envi
POllutantloadshavebeenrecordedas300Okg】】OD，800kgnitrogen，160kgphos ronmental1iabilitiesareweakandpunislト
phorousandlOOkgtoxicsubstances丘om ments aretoolowtopreventwaste dis−
Charges・Moreover，despltetheland−uSe
domestic，ind11Strialand agrlCultural
SOurCeS．Some80％ofthisBODloadinglS Planpreparedandprinclplesoutlinedfor
conservation and use ofLake Sapanca，Calculatedtoberesultingfromtheresiden
measuresaresti11noteffectlVelypracticedL
tialzone．

torandsocannotuseitspowersandtooIs
Ofpo11udonprevention・W

ithrislngCOnCemOn SuStain−

ableresource use，itis clear
thatthereis aneedforawell
establisheddatabasesystemthatenables
COntinuousmonitorlngOflakes，andprepa
rationofrecoveryprojects，SOundconser−
he basic cause behind allenviron−
The role oflocalauthoritiesin conserva− Vation andmanagementplans・The State
HydraulicWorks ha5reSPOnSibilitleSOnly
mentalproblems shouldbesought tion and managmentoflakesis rather
unclear．though．mostofthesensitivltylS Withintheframeworkof developmentof
at血elevelofgovernance・ho【herWaterreSOurCeS ，mainly the dams andShownbythemuniclpalitiesasthebasic
WOrds，itis thelegalandinstitutional
unitoflocalgovernance・However，mullic− reserYOirs，anddoesnotcollSiderconserva
mechanismsthatglVeWaytOlackofinte−
1Palitiesareresponsibleforsafedisposalof tion measures for those with recreational
grated waterresourcemanagementand
functions solely・Therefore，aS aStartuP
wastes within山e framework of was【eWaStemanagementplans，andplans thatT

Turkey1ackholistlCviewsandneglecttheecologlA
Watermanagment・Municipalitiesarealso
responsibleforpreparatlOnOf［helanduSe
CalunityoflakeandrivelLbasins・In thePlanswithintheirjuridictlOnalboundaries・
CaSeOfSapancaLake，thecomplexltyOf
山elegalframeworkandoYeトridingpow−
Thus，for thelake−Sidejurisdictions，ersamOngSeVeralpublicinstitutlOnShave
m11niclpalities have animportantrolein
lefttheproblem11nSOIved・Today，thereare lakepollution regarding theirland−uSe
directorates of the Ministry ofplansthathavecomeabolIttObeneglecト
ing eocloglCalsoundness・In ra叶theEnvironment，Ministry ofPublicWorksand Settlement，Ministry of Health，mayor ssympa（hytowardslakeconserva−
MinistryofCulture，MinistryofInterior， tlOnis theirtoolforfinancing theirbasic
MinistryofAgrlCultureandRuralAffairs，
infrastructuralneeds，Atthispointcomes
thelackofauditingandmonitorlngOfthe
andStateHydraulicWorks，al1responsible
fortheratlOnaluse，PrOteCtionandconserT Waterql］ality andillegalwastedischarges
into thewaterbodiesbytheMinistry ofvation of thelake basin．The Water
Po11ution ControIReg111ation of the−ileragnikca1．yrtsiniMe血T．tnemno止vnE
TurkishEnvironmentalLaw，besidesotherabledatacollection system．cannotmoni−

towards achievlngSuStainablemanagment
OfTurkishlakesandreservoirs，theinstitu
tionalset−uPthatwillunder［akecoordina−tionbetweenpertinentorganisations andinitiatecollectionofphysical，Chemicaland biologlCaldatain a systematic way
needstobestructln−ed．

Do you haYe SOmething to say
aboutyourlake？TheLakesoftheWorldseriesisaregt11arfeatllreOf
tlleILECNewsletter and we wel−come contriblltions from o11r read−ers．Please send yollrarticlewith
Photographs to the ILEC
SecretariatattheaddressglYenOn
thenextpage・

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BIOGEOMON

inDevelopingCollntries（1991−1995）．

3rdInternationalSymposiumonEcosystcmBehaYiour

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June2ト25，1997
atVillanovaUniversity，PA，USA
from theparticIPatlng COuntries ofArgentina，Brazil， OrganisedwithCzechGeologicalSurvey，Prague．
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EnvironmentalEducationProjectwithnationalreports
OnPage2）
ConservationandManagementofLakes／Reservoirsin
India．

Anoverviewofconservationandmanagementoflakesand
reservoirsinIndia−thelargestsoverelgn natioIlinbothareaandpopulationinSouthAsia−Wl血aplethoraofcase
Studies．（Seere］atedarticleonPage2）（Bothoftlleabovepllblicationscanbeobtainedbyeon−tactimgtheILECSecretariatattheaddressglYenmeXt

Someof山emalIlthemes：
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・AcidificatiollOfsoilandwater・IntegratingbiogeochemistrywithGIS
Contact＋Dr．R．KelmanWieder，BiologyDepartment，VillanovaUniv．，PA19085，USA．
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・GlobalConferenceonEnvironmentalEdueation
PredictiveLimnology：MethodsrorI＞redictiYe
Modelling，Hakanson，L．，andPeters，R．H．1995．SPB
August17−21，1997
AcademicPublishingbv．，Amsterdam．
NewDelhi，India
ISBN：90−5103−104−1．

Designedasamethodo10glCaltextbookforgraduatestu−
dentscollCernedwith‖predictivelimnology ，thisbook

dealswithbothstatisticalandsimulationmodelling，withgreateremphasisoIltheformer．
EnclosedSeasandLargeLakesofEasternIhropeand

TheCollferencewi11focusOnthecurrentstatusof：
・EnvirollmelltalEducationandSustainableDevelopment−EnvirollmelltalEducationarldPopulation●EnvirollmelltalEducaLionalldSocialDeve10pmer）t●EnvirollmelltalEducationalldWomcnDcvcIopmcnt●EnvironmentalEducationaIldHabita［Developmellt

MiddleAsia，editedbyAnatolyF，Mamdych，SPBPress ・EllVironmentalEducatioIlaIldActiollS
AcademicPublishingbv，Amsterdam，neNe血erlands． ●EllVironmentalEducatio11alld21stCcllLury
ISl】N：90−5103−110−6．

Thisbookdealswitheightlargeilllalldwaterbodies−fourinEuropeandfourinthearidzoneofCentralAsiainthe
CommonwealthofIndependentStates．

Contact：Dr．DeshBandhu，Presidellt，Illdiall
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Tel：＋91−11−22ユー3311alld＋9ト11−245−0749

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