ANNUAL REPORT2004 2005

ANNUAL REPORTFY2004 - FY2005(Apr. 2004-Mar. 2006)00

ANNUAL REPORT FY2004 － FY2005（Apr. 2004－Mar. 2006）

INDEX

About IIR
I. Research Activitiesi011) Innovation Research Forum

022) Joint Research Projects

063) International Conferences

224) Innovation Research Consortium

285) Endowed Chair

31

II. Researchers

33

1) Full-time Rsearchers342) Visiting Researcher

563) Foreign Visiting Researchers

57

III. Education

591) Courses Given by the IIR Faculty Members

602) The IIR Library

61

IV. Research Results / Publications

631) Hitotsubashi Business Review

642) Working Papers

733) Case Studies754) IIR Innovatin Video Library76

V. Internal Review

77About IIR‘To become a world-class of excellence for research in social processes of innovation’ ― The Instituteof Innovation Research (IIR) was established at Hitotsubashi University to achieve this aim in April
1997, as the result of the reorganization of the Institute of Business Research, whose main pursuit had
been the theoretical and empirical analysis of business, society and management.
It is indispensable for a populous country with poor natural resources like Japan to generate innovation.
The importance of innovation has considerably increased since 1990s when growth by catching up with
Western competitors was no longer possible. At that time, however, we had only little understandingof how innovation was generated. Innovation was an agenda in the realm of technical development.
People did not pay sufficient attention to the long, social process for turning technological invention
into industrial development. Innovation is a complex social phenomenon in which economic, political,
organizational, historical and legislative factors are correlated with each other. In order to clarify thisprocess, there needed to be places for interdisciplinary, systematic research where people from various
fields of social science could work together utilizing the knowledge of natural science. This is how the
IIR was established as an interdisciplinary research institute concentrating on the innovation process.
Missions
The first mission of the IIR is to study the innovation generation process systematically andempirically, understanding innovation as something to bring about economic value, and to contributeto the improvement of theoretical and practical knowledge. The role of the IIR also encompasses theclarification of social and economical impacts of innovation.
The second mission is to build a bridge between theory and practice on innovation. Since innovation
is “living phenomenon,” one needs to be deeply involved in the front line of practice and understandspecific problems happening there. In order to achieve the ultimate objective of facilitating innovation,
there should be certain mechanisms for applying theoretical knowledge to the front line of innovation.
In this sense, the IIR has to play an important role in linking theory and practice.
The third mission is to be an open research center which serves as a place for knowledge fusions
between researchers from different countries. As the importance of innovation is and will be growing
in East Asian countries, promoting interactions with researchers from these countries is very importantfor Japan in contributing to the development of this region. Thus, the IIR's missions also include theaccumulation of qualitative and quantitative information on Japanese innovation.
Research Areas
In order to pursue its mission of studying the innovation process systematically and empirically, theactivities of IIR have covered the following areas of research since its establishment.
“Research on Technological Innovation” and “Research on Management Innovation” are the areas inwhich factors facilitating innovation such as technology, organizations and management methods arebeing studied. “Research on Entrepreneurs” analyzes the personal characteristics of entrepreneurs as
innovation initiators in order to go deep into the realities of innovation. “Research on Social Networks”
explores how networks of private firms, universities, individuals, and other entities and parties affectinnovation.
“Business History Research” and “Technology History Research” look at the above areas of empiricalresearch from a broader perspective, understand their historical contexts, and trace the development
processes of innovation over time. “Research on Institutions for Innovation” focuses on clarifying
the influences of accounting and legal systems (such as those about intellectual property rights) on
innovation.
“Research on Knowledge Management” synthesizes and attempts to understand all these empiricalareas of research from a broader, theoretical perspective. Finally, “International Comparative Research”
involves comparison, demonstration and analysis on an international scale.

We believe that our research at the IIR offers an important opportunity to foster creativity andinnovation in Japan in order to bring about transformation and development in business organizations
and the economy. We wish to create a world-class, international research institute where people from allover the world can conduct research together.

ii

I. Research Activities

I. Research Activities

1. Innovation Research Forum — Apr. 2004 ~ Mar. 2006
The following is the list of lectures given as part of the Innovation Research Forum during 2004-2005
academic year:Feb. 13, 2006

Hideaki Kohzu
Former Visiting Professor, IIR“Development and Mass Production of Field-Effect Transistor in NEC Corporation”(COE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)

Dec. 19, 2005

Yunshi Mao
Professor and Director, Research Center for Enterprise and Martet, Zhongshan 		
University/Visiting Professor, IIR“Strategy Selection and Performance of Multinationals in China: Analysis Based on 		
Resources-based Theory and Contingency Approach”

Nov. 29, 2005

Narihiko Yoshida
Digital Analyst/Visiting Professor, The Graduate School of Digital Content“The Future of Subculture—The World of COC (Content-oriented Community)”(Subculture Workshop)

Nov. 14, 2005

Takanori Yorita
Associate Professor, Graduate School of Economics, Kyoto University“Discrete Choice Model Analysis of Mobile Telephone Service Demand in Japan”

Nov. 08, 2005

Kouichi Motohashi and Shigeo Endo
President; Managing Director, Nippon Animation Co., Ltd.
“What is Animation?”(Subculture Workshop)

Oct. 04, 2005

Nobuyoshi Takeuchi
Hiratsuka Factory Manager and Managing Director, Nemoto & Co., Ltd.
“Development of a Radioactive-free Luminous Paint”(COE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)

Sep. 28, 2005

Taohua Ouyang
Associate Professor, Business School, Renmin University of China/
Visiting Associate Professor, IIR“Modular of Product Development in Chinese Manufacturing ―A Case Study of Haier”

Sep. 28, 2005

Helmut Dietl
Professor, Institute of Strategy and Business Economics, University of Zurich“The Organization of Professional Suports Leagues”

Sep. 01, 2005

Keiji Itsukushima and Yoshio Ozawa
Executive Officer, and Deputy General Manager, Business Strategic Planning Office; 		
General Officer, Overall Technical Development Division, Engineering Office,Kyocera Mita Corporation“Development of Long-Life Electrophtographic Process and Application for 			Environmentally-Friendly Printer”(COE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)

Sep. 01, 2005

Ikuya Sato
Professor, Graduate School of Commerce and Management, Hitotsubashi University“The Publishing Industry: Publishers and Editors as Gatekeepers”(Subculture Workshop)

Aug. 05, 2005

Toru Tatsumi
Senior Researcher, Silicon System Research Laboratories, NEC Corporation“Development of Hemispherical-Grained (HSG) Silicon Storage Electrodes”(COE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)

Jul. 26, 2005

Masaru Yamashita
Associate Professor, School of Business Administration, Aoyama Gakuin University“R&D and Organizational Strategy in the Movie Making Industry”(Subculture Workshop)

Jul. 11, 2005

John Walsh
Professor, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo/
Associate Professor in Sociology, University of Illinois at Chicago“The View from the Bench: Patents, Material Transfers and Biomedical Research”

Jun. 15, 2005

Junji Miyahara
Professor, Tokyo University of Science“Development of Computed Radiography System: Utilizing Scanning Laser Stimulated
Luminescence”(COE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)

May 31, 2005

Takayuki Mizuno
Researcher, The National Policy Research Institute“On RMT (Research Money Trading) Association”(Subculture Workshop)

May 20, 2005

Yoshio Suzuki
Nisshin Pharma Inc.
“Industrial Production of Coenzyme Q10 and Improvement of its Bioavailability”(COE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)

May 06, 2005

Michael A. Cusumano
Professor, Sloan School of Management, MIT“Products or Services: Which is the Better Business Model, in Software and Other 		Industries?”

Apr. 22, 2005

Hajimu Morioka
Ajinomoto Co., Inc.
“R&D and the Strategy of Intellectual Property Right of Ajinomoto, Inc.”

Apr. 07, 2005

Kiyonori Sakakibara
Professor, Faculty of Policy Management, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio
University“The Integrator's Dilemma: The Success and Failure of Japan's Watch Industry”



Mar. 24, 2005

Bronwyn H. Hall and James Pooley
Professor of Economics at the University of California at Berkeley; Partner with the 		
PaloAlto, California, law firm Milbank Tweed)“A Patent System for the 21st Century”

Mar. 23, 2005

Xielin Liu
Research Fellow and Professor, National Center for Science and Technology for 		
Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, China/Visiting Professor, IIR“Chinese Model of Catching-up in a New Development Paradigm”

Feb. 15, 2005

Xielin Liu
Research Fellow and Professor, National Center for Science and Technology for 		
Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, China/Visiting Professor, IIR“Small Workshop on Chinese Automobile Industry”

Jan. 13, 2005

Hiroshi Nagano
Director General, National Institute of Science and Technology Policy, Ministry of 		
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology“Toward the Development of the Next Basic National Plan for Science and Technology
Development”

Dec. 21, 2004

Nozomu Takahashi
Studio Ghibli, Tokuma Shoten Publishing Co., Ltd./Nippon Television Network 		
Corporation“Penetration and Proliferation of the Subculture”(Subculture Workshop)

Dec. 17, 2004

Atsuyoshi Koike
Chief Executive, Trecenti Technologies Inc.
“Development of New 300mm Semiconductor Manufacturing Systems”(COE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)

Dec. 16, 2004

Denis Fandel
SEMATECH (USA)“Economic Model by ISMI (International SEMATECH Manufacturing Initiative)”

Dec. 08, 2004

Keiji Matsuda
Executive Director, East Japan Division Manager and Blast Furnance Project Leader,
JFE Mechanical Co., Ltd.
“Short Term Revamping Technique of Large Scale Blast Furnance: Development of 		
Large Block Ring Construction Method”(COE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)

Dec. 01, 2004

Hiroshi Murakami
Director, Recearch and Development Center, Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd./Former 		Senior Researcher, Science and Technical Research Laboratories, Japan Broadcasting 		Corporation“Development and Commercialization of HDTV Plasma Displays”(COE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)

Nov. 30, 2004

Keishi Degawa and Kenko Yamamoto
Managing Executive Officer/Deputy General Manager, Corporate Strategic Planning 		
Office; Human Resources Group, Corporate Strategic Planning Office, Namco Limited“Formation of Game Industry in Japan and the Future Prospects”(Subculture Workshop)

Nov. 17, 2004

Kunizo Ogoshi
Department Manager, Organic EL Department, Tohoku Pioneer Corporation“Development and Mass Production for Thin-Layer Emitting Organic EL Display”(COE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)

Nov. 11, 2004

Daisuke Ueda
General Manager, Semiconductor Device Center, Semiconductor Company, Matsushita
Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
“Development and Commercialization of Low-Current-Consumption Miniatuarized 		
GaAs Power Modules for Mobile Communication Systems”(COE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)

Oct. 28, 2004

Bea, Jun-Ho
Associate Professor, School of International Studies, Hanshin University (Korea)“Privatization of Taiwan Railroad: Lessons from Japan, UK, and Korea Cases”

Oct. 27, 2004

Shoichi Nagao
W Design & Engineering Group, W Products Development Department, Watch 		Operations Division, Seiko Epson Corporation“Development of a Quartz Watch Having an Automatic Generating System”(COE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)

Jul. 23, 2004

Robert H. Pitkethly
University Lecturer, Said Business School, Oxford University“Business Method Patents and Venture Capital Investment Decisions”

May 18, 2004

Sachi Hatakena
Research Fellow, Industrial Performance Center, MIT“Electronics in Kyoto”

May 07, 2004

Shigeo Inoue
Japan Bioindustry Association Research Institute/Former Technical Adviser, Research& Development Division, Kao Corporation“Development of Super Concentrated Laundry Detergent Containing Alkaline 		Cellulase ‘ATTACK’”(COE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)

Apr. 21, 2004

Matthias Kipping
Academic Director and Associate Professor, Department of Economics & Business, 		Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Barcelona, Spain)“Beyond Chandler”

Apr. 20, 2004

Patricia A. Nelson
Research Associate, Management School and Economics, University of Edinburgh“The Effect of Innovation and Technological Change on Information Flows, Authority andIndustry Associations in Japan”
I. Research Activities

2. Joint Research Projects — Apr. 2004 ~ Mar. 2006
At the IIR, we have the advantage of a team of researchers covering many areas of scholarship to carry out
joint research into themes that have not previously been touched upon. The following are the joint research
projects that researchers engaged in during the 2004-2005 academic year.
(* = Project Leader, or Coordinator)■ Project on Networks and Japanese Management

1. Outline of Research
Emphasizing network topology with reference to superior performance, small-world network theory has
opened a new horizon for organization theory and social sciences. We intend to conduct path-finding
research on interorganizational relations by seeking appropriate ways to operationalize small-world
network theory.
2. Time Period
FY1997-present
3. Members
Toshihiro Nishiguchi*, Jonathan Brookfield (Texas A&M University)
4. Research Activities and Outputs during FY2004-FY2005
Building on the results of our years of collaboration, our most recent contribution was presented at the2005 Academy of Management (AOM) Annual Meeting:(1) Nishiguchi, Toshihiro, and Jonathan Brookfield, “It’s a Small World After All: Network Theory,
Japanese Business, and Industrial Networks,” presented at the 65th AOM Annual Meeting, “A New
Vision of Management in the 21st Century,” Visual Presentation in the Organization and Management
Theory Division, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A., August 9, 2005

■ Project on Mobility of R&D Workers

1. Outline of Research
If a part of knowledge required for innovation is embedded in individuals, the mobility of suchindividuals across socially predetermined boundaries should be related to the emergence of innovation
patterns. Based on this assumption, this project is to explore the relationship between the mobility ofengineers and innovation performance.
2. Time Period
FY1998-FY2005
3. Members
Yaichi Aoshima*, Akira Takeishi, Ken Kusunoki (Graduate School of International Corporate Strategy),
Daiki Hayashi (Graduate School of Social Studies)4. Research Activities and Outputs during FY2004-FY2005
Based on our questionnaire survey data in 1999, we analyzed the relationships between transfer
experiences of engineers and innovation performance. The findings were presented and published:(1) Aoshima, Yaichi, “Mobility System: Transfer of Semiconductor Engineers and their Performance,”
presented at the Annual Meeting of the Academic Association of Organizational Science (Japan), June
19, 2004, University of Tokyo, Japan(2) Aoshima, Yaichi “Transfer of R&D Workers and their Technological Performance,” Nihon Rodo
Kenkyu Zasshi, The Japan Institute of Labor, No. 541, December 2005, pp. 142-161 (in Japanese)■Project on IT Innovation

1. Outline of Research
IT innovations look to have contributed much less to the industrial growth in Japan than in the UnitedStates, even though IT-related industry accounts for a similar share of industry in Japan as in the U.S.
The project aims at analyzing the causes and potential policy response. The empirical analysis covered(1) R&D performance of the IT industry, (2) Innovation in the IT-using industry, and (3) the policy for IT
market development, including intellectual property rights protection and competition policy.
2. Time Period
FY 2001–FY2004
3. Members
Sadao Nagaoka*, Kazuyuki Motohashi, Hiroyuki Chuma, Shuzo Fujimura, Tomohiro Ijichi, Hiroyuki
Odagiri (Graduate School of Economics), Yosuke Okada (Graduate School of Economics), Shigeru Asaba(Faculty of Economics, Gakushuin University), Tatsuo Tanaka (Faculty of Economics, Keio University),Toshiaki Takigawa (Faculty of law, Kansai University)
4. Research Activities and Outputs during FY2004
1. We held a seminar every two months, inviting industry and government experts.
2. We held an international workshop on December 13-14, 2004, where 12 papers were presented. The
foreign participating scholars included Dale Jorgenson (Harvard University), Timothy Bresnahan(Stanford University), Suzanne Scotchmer (University of California, Berkeley), and Kenneth Flam
(Texas University). (See the following section for more details.)
3. Research outputs(1) Motohashi, Kazuyuki, Empirical Analysis of IT Innovation: Has IT Changed Long-term Japanese
Economic Performance?, Tokyo: Toyo Keizai, March 2005 (in Japanese)(2) Nagaoka, Sadao, “Patent Quality, Cumulative Innovation and Market Value: Evidence From JapaneseFirm Level Panel Data,” IIR Working Paper WP#05-06, February 2005
(3) Nagaoka, Sadao, “How Do the Speed, Science Linkage, Focus and New Entry Matter in IT
Inventions?,” in Peeters, Carine and Bruno van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie, eds., Economic andManagement Perspectives on Intellectual Property Rights, Palgrave, February 2006, pp. 171-198

■ Mobile Innovation Research Program (MIRP)

1. Outline of ResearchThis research program has two objectives. One is to provide knowledge and perspectives useful forpractitioners and policymakers by conducting empirical research on the mobile communication market,
industry, and business. The other is to build an infrastructure to support researchers and graduate students
for their mobile innovation research in Japan.
With financial support from Japanese corporations, participating researchers inside and outside
Hitotsubashi University individually carry out empirical studies of the mobile communication market,
industry, and business. Also, the program provides opportunities to facilitate communications andcollaborations among researchers by organizing a series of international research meetings, Mobility
Roundtables, around the world. More details can be found at http://www.iir.hit-u.ac.jp/reserch/mobile_e.
html.
2. Time Period
FY 2001-present
3. Members
Akira Takeishi*, Seiichiro Yonekura, Jeffery Funk, Taro Kamioka (Graduate School of Commerce andManagement)
4. Research Activities and Outputs during FY2004-FY2005
1. Research Outputs(1) Takeishi, Akira and Kyoung-Joo Lee “Mobile Music Business in Japan and Korea: CopyrightManagement Institutions as a Reverse Salient,” Journal of Strategic Information Systems, Vol. 14,
No. 3, September 2005, pp. 291-306(2) Takeishi, Akira and Kyoung-Joo Lee “Mobile Innovation and the Music Business in Japan: The
Case of Ringing Tone Melody (“Chaku-Mero”) ,” in Barnes, Stuart and Eusebio Scornavacca, eds.,
Unwired Business: Cases in Mobile Business, Hershey: IRM Press, 2006, pp. 1-13
(3) Takeishi, Akira and Kyoung-Joo Lee “Mobile Music Business in Japan and Korea,” Hitotsubashi
Business Review, Vol. 53, No. 3, December 2005, pp. 70-87 (in Japanese)(4) Funk, Jeffrey L., “Collisions between Industries and the Evolution of the Mobile Internet in Japan,”presented at the Hong Kong Mobility Roundtable, June 2-3, 2005
(5) Takeishi, Akira, “Digitalization and the Evolution of Music Business: Interactions of Technology,
Business, and Music,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 52, No. 1, June 2004, pp. 78-94 (inJapanese)(6) Funk, Jeffrey L., “Capitalizing on Japan's Lead in the Mobile Internet,” Hitotsubashi Business
Review, Vol. 52, No. 1, June 2004, pp. 64-77 (in Japanese)(7) Funk, Jeffrey L., “The Product Life Cycle Theory and Product Line Management: the Case of Mobile
Phones,” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 51, No. 2, 2004, pp. 1-11



2. Jeffrey Funk won the NTT DoCoMo Mobile Science Award (Social Science) for the research on “Firm
Strategy and Government Policy in the Mobile Phone and Mobile Internet,” October 2004.
3. With Sirkka Jarvenpaa and Bertil Thorngren, Akira Takeishi edited a special issue entitled “The Future
is UNWIRED: Organizational and Strategic Perspectives” for the Journal of Strategic Information
Systems (Vol. 14, 2005), based on the Austin Mobility Roundtable.

Mobility Roundtable
A series of Mobility Roundtables has been set up and organized by this program and other institutions
overseas, including University of Texas, Stockholm School of Economics, Helsinki School of Economics
and Business Administration, and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology: in Tokyo, May
2002; in Stockholm, May 2003; in Austin (US), March 2004; in Hong Kong, June 2005; in Helsinki inJune 2006; in Los Angeles in 2007 (plan). See the following URLs for more details of these roundtables:
1. Tokyo Mobile Roundtable: http://www.iir.hit-u.ac.jp/reserch/tmrt_e.html
2. Stockholm Roundtable: http://web.hhs.se/cic/about/roundtable.htm
3. Austin Mobility Roundtable: http://www.mccombs.utexas.edu/events/roundtable/
4. Hong Kong Mobility Roundtable: http://www.hongkongmobility.ust.hk/
5. Helsinki Mobility Roundtable: http://project.hkkk.fi/helsinkimobility/

Mobile Roundtable Organizing Committee
Per Andersson
Center for Communication andInformation Research
Stockholm School of Economics,
SwedenTimo Saarinen
Institute of Electronics Commerce
Helsinki School of Economics andBusiness Administration,
FinlandMagnus Boman
Swedish Institute of Computer
ScienceRoyal Institute of Technology,
SwedenAkira Takeishi
Institute of Innovation Research
Hitotsubashi University, Japan(Mobile Innovation Research Program)

Sirkka Jarvenpaa
Center for Business, Technology, andLaw
University of Texas at Austin, U.S.A.

Bertil Thorngren
Center for Communication and Information
Research
Stockholm School of Economics, Sweden

Jeffrey FunkInstitute of Innovation Research
Hitotsubashi University, Japan(Mobile Innovation Research Program)

Virpi Tuunainen
Institute of Electronics Commerce
Helsinki School of Economics andBusiness Administration, Finland

Karl Reiner Lang
Hong Kong University of Scienceand Technology,
Hong Kong

Seiichiro YonekuraInstitute of Innovation Research
Hitotsubashi University, Japan(Mobile Innovation Research Program)■ End of Japan? Project

1. Outline of ResearchThis is a joint research project aimed at illuminating problems of Japanese technology-intensive industries
and making suggestions for their future direction.
“Why, over the 1990s, did so many Japanese industries wane?” This is an oft-posed question, andby answering this concrete question, we intend to clarify the nature of Japanese corporate management
and the mechanisms behind Japanese economics. With the Institute of Innovation Research andResearchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Professors M. Cusumano and E. Westneyamong others) taking central roles, this project places emphasis on interdisciplinary, international, andmultifaceted approach. Although the problems Japan is facing are deeply rooted and broad, the projectputs particular focus on technology-intensive industries and businesses, which will support the growth ofJapan in the future, and the problems and issues entailed, and aims to provide concrete proposals. Project
members have been periodically holding internal workshops both in Japan and overseas to report research
results and hold mutual discussions.
2. Time Period
FY2002-present
3. Members
Akira Takeishi*, Yaichi Aoshima*, IIR faculty members, Kazuyuki Motohashi (University of Tokyo,)Michael A. Cusumano (Sloan School of Management, MIT), Eleanor Westney (Sloan School ofManagement, MIT) Sachi Hatakenaka (Industrial Performance Center, MIT)
4. Research Activities and Outputs during FY2004-FY2005
We are working on gathering together the fruits of our activities in preparation for the publication of one
volume presenting the findings of the project. The final result will be published as a Japanese book in
2006.

■ MOT Case/Video Case Project

1. Outline of Research
One of IIR’s missions is to build a case database describing innovation processes in Japanese companies.
Based on this recognition, we started to develop cases and video cases in 2003. The project also provides
an important contribution to rapidly growing Management of Technology (MOT) educational programsin Japan. Since an innovation process tends to involve technological contents unfamiliar to non-technicalpersons, this project attempted to create professional movies to provide supplemental visual information.
Under the auspices of Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), the project produced ten
cases and three video cases in 2003, six cases and two video cases in 2004, and two video cases in 2005
as listed below. Video cases were created in collaboration with a professional video producer.
2. Time Period
FY2002-present103. Members
Yaichi Aoshima*, Shuzo Fujimura, Akira Takeishi, Seiichiro Yonekura, Masaru Karube
4. Outputs during FY2004-FY2005
List of Cases (in Japanese)(11) Terumo (I): Innovation process of organization(12) Terumo (II): Catheter(13) Yamaha (I): Electric sound source(14) Yamaha (II): Mobile ringing tone melody (‘chaku-mero’)(15) Kyocera (revised version): Temperature compensating quarts oscillator(16) Rechargeable battery industry （revised version）
List of Video Cases(4) Toray: Torayca (34 minutes)(5) Terumo: Catheter (54 minutes)(6) IRI-Ubiteq: Value creation through technology recombination (32 minutes)(7) AnGes MG: Academic spun-off (34 minutes)■ COE Semiconductor Forum

1. Outline of Research
The purpose of this project is to analyze the economic and management related reasons that theinternational competitiveness of the semiconductor (particularly devices and equipment) manufacturingindustry has been rapidly declining since the late 1990s. It also aims at finding ways of overcomingthat decline. The major point of difference separating this research from conventional studies is thatthe current research does not stop at a mere sociological analysis, but also seeks to delve into thetechnological aspects that have characterized the semiconductor manufacturing industry. At the same time,
we analyze the characteristics of each era in the industry with proper attention to the innovation phases.
More concretely, by including in the project’s membership not just the researchers and collaborators of
this project’s department, but people who have extensive knowledge of semiconductor development anddesign, and equipment and process development, we conduct a style of research similar to improvisational
jazz, i.e. having the researchers from both fields work responsively with respect to each other.
The analytical methodology comprises, inter alia: 1) information gathering through interviews
with various scientists and engineers who have played important roles in the semiconductor industry;2) organizing and analyzing existing data from an integrated perspective; 3) the creation and analysis of
new data and materials based on published papers, patent data, etc. In addition, we plan to carry out aquestionnaire survey and examination with a more generalized approach in order to verify the validityof knowledge gathered from analyses based on these methods. The project is included as a part ofHitotsubashi University’s 21st century COE programs, entitled “Dynamics of the enterprise, knowledge,
and the innovation.”
2. Time Period
FY2003-present

113. Members
Hiroyuki Chuma*, Yaichi Aoshima, Shuzo Fujimura, Tetsuo Shindo (COE Visiting Researcher)
4. Research Activities and Outputs during FY2004-FY2005(1) Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Increasing Complexity and Limits of Organization in the Microlithography
Industry: Implications for Science-based Industries,” Research Policy (Elsevier, Hollands), Vol. 35,
No. 3, April 2006, pp. 394-411(2) Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Increasing Complexity and Limits of Organization in the Japanese
Microlithography Industry,” Kogaku (Japanese Journal of Optics), The Optical Society of Japan, Vol.
34, No. 8, August 2005, pp. 388-395 (in Japanese); Presented at 2005 Spring JSAP Annual Meeting,
The Japan Society of Applied Physics, March 30, 2005, Saitama University(3) Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Increasing Complexity and Limits of Organization in the Japanese Science-based
Industries: Case of the Microlithography Industry,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, No. 52, Vol. 3,
December 2004, pp. 64-85 (in Japanese)(4) Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Semiconductor Production System a la TOYOTA: Pioneering Experiments in
UMCJ,” in Mao, Yunshi and Min Li, eds., Multinational in China: Competition and Cooperation, The
University Press Limited, 2004, pp．30-52(5) Fujimura, Shuzo, “Technological Structure and R&D in the Semiconductor Industry,” IIR Working
Paper, WP#04-12，July 2004
Presentations(1) Chuma, Hiroyuki, “The Importance of Visualization Technology for Manufacturing,” presented
at JISSO/PROTEC Forum Japan 2005, Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries
Association et al., October 4, 2005, Chiba, Japan(2) Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Semiconductor Production System a la Toyota: Pioneering Experiments in Two
Japanese Fabs,” presented at the 6th European AEC/APC (=Advanced Equipment Control/Advanced
Process Control) Conference, April 6-8, 2005, Dublin■ COE Okochi Award Case Study Research Program
1. Outline of ResearchThis project aims at building up cases of innovations by Japanese firms and examining the features andchallenges of Japanese firms in creating innovations. While previous studies in technology management
have paid attention to product development or industry-level analysis, this project focuses on individual
firms from concept creation, through development and commercialization to subsequent consequences, inorder to explore a news stream of innovation research.
In this five-year project, we make individual cases each year selected from those who won the
Okochi Awards, which have been given to important technological innovations annually since 1954.
We also conduct cross-case analysis to explore features and challenges of Japanese firms to succeed ininnovations. Each case is written jointly by faculty members at IIR and the Graduate School of Commerceand Management at Hitotsubashi University and graduate students. This project is financially supportedby the 21st Century COE Program “Dynamics of Knowledge, Corporate System and Innovation” at
Hitotsubashi University.

122. Time Period
FY2003–present
3. Members
Akira Takeishi*, Yaichi Aoshima, Masaru Karube, Fumihiko Ikuine, Toshihiko Kato (Graduate School ofCommerce and Management), Takeshi Matsui (Graduate School of Commerce and Management)
4. Research Activities and Outputs during FY2004-FY2005
For the first three years, we have picked up nineteen cases, of which eleven have already been completed
as listed below. The finished cases are made available on our website at http://www.iir.hit-u.ac.jp/reserch/
COEokochiprize(A).html, and some of them have been published in Hitotsubashi Business Review
and used as educational materials. In parallel, we have started cross-case analysis to examine common
features of innovation processes among the cases we have developed.
List of Cases (in Japanese)(1) Hirano, Sou and Masaru Karube, “JFE Mechanical: Short Term Revamping Technique of Large
Scale Blast Furnance―Development of Large Block Ring Construction Method,” IIR Case Study
CASE#06-2, August 2006
(2) Takeishi, Akira, Youngjae Koh, Kenichi Furukawa and Hideaki Kohzu, “Matsushita: Development
and Commercialization of Low-Current-Consumption Miniaturized GaAs Power Modules for Mobile
Communication Systems,” IIR Case Study CASE#06-1, March 2006
(3) Kitazawa, Ken, Masashi Inoue and Yaichi Aoshima, “Trecenti Technologies: Development of New
300mm Semiconductor Manufacturing Systems,” IIR Case Study CASE#05-13, October 2005
(4) Takeishi, Akira, Masafumi Kanayama and Tatsuya Mizuno, “Seiko Epson: Development of a Quartz
Watch Having an Automatic Generating System,” IIR Case Study CASE#05-12, July 2005
(5) Nato, Hiroki, “Development and Commercialization of HDTV Plasma Displays,” IIR Case Study
CASE#05-11, July 2005
(6) Sakamoto, Masaaki, “Tohoku Pioneer: Development and Mass Production for Thin-Layer Emitting
Organic EL Display, IIR Case Study CASE#05-10, March 2005
(7) Karube, Masaru and Atsushi Kobayashi, “Business Case Mitsubishi Electric Corporation:
Development of Manufacturing Method for High-performance Motor with New Core Structure andHigh Speed/Density Coil Winding,” IIR Case Study CASE#04-15, November 2004; Hitotsubashi
Business Review, Vol. 53, No. 2, September 2005, pp. 124-144(8) Karube, Masaru and Miho Imori, “Olympus' Development of Ultrasound Endoscopes,” IIR Case
Study CASE#04-14, October 2004; Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 52, No. 4, March 2005, pp.
146-165(9) Fujiwara, Masatoshi and Akira Takeishi, “Kao Corporation: Development of Concentrated Power
Detergent ‘ATTACK’,” IIR Case Study CASE#04-13, October 2004; Hitotsubashi Business Review,Vol. 53, No. 1, June 2005, pp. 102-121(10)Yun, Yang-Joong and Akira Takeishi, “Toyo Seikan: Development of TULC (Toyo Ultimate Can)”IIR Case Study CASE#04-12, September 2004
(11) Sakamoto, Masaaki, “Toshiba: Development of Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries” IIR Case Study
CASE#04-01, February 2004; Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 52, No. 2, September 2004, pp.
132-151

13

■ MOTV: Development of Video Materials for MOT Programs
1. Outline
To enrich and support Japan’s Management of Technology (MOT) education, we developed two series ofvideo materials, Management of Technology Video (MOTV), using quality programs on technologies andinnovations made by overseas TV productions.
With financial support from Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) and fruitfulcollaboration with Kenji Communications, Inc., we selected quality video programs on technologies andinnovations made by overseas TV productions, got permission from the copyright owners, and added
Japanese subtitles to make them available for educational purposes at Japanese universities and firms.
Teaching notes on how to use these materials for classes were also prepared. We conducted this project
for two years to develop two series, MOTV1 and MOTV2. Technologies and innovations covered in thetwo series include telephone, electric lighting and power, radio, camera, transistor, PC, Internet, electronic
finance, birth control pills, and genetically modified food.
2. Time Period
FY 2003-FY2004
3. Members
Akira Takeishi*, Seiichiro Yonekura, Yaichi Aoshima
4. Outputs during FY2004
The thirteen programs were collected for MOTV1 “The Century of Innovation: American History” (from1 to 9) in 2003, and MOTV2 “The Century of Innovation: Technology and Society” (from 10 to 13)
in 2004 as listed below. Probably no similar video series for MOT programs has been available in theworld. Five hundred copies of each series were distributed free to universities, firms, and other related
institutions in Japan, from which we have received favorable reviews. We at IIR have also started thelending service of MOTV for educational institutions. Copyrights for the Japanese edition are owned byHitotsubashi University.
MOTV2: The Century of Innovation: Technology and Society(10) “Edison’s Miracle of Light,” PBS/WGBH, 1995 (57 minutes)(11) “The Pill,” PBS/WGBH, 2002 (53 minutes)(12) “The Rise and Fall of GM,” Channel Four Television Corporation, 2000 (79 minutes)(13) “The Murdochs: Building an Empire,” Australia ABC, 2002 (57 minutes)

14

■ Project on the Emergence and Structural Characteristics of Essential Patents ofTechnical Standards
1. Outline of Research
The patentees of the essential patents of the technical standards have become reluctant to license themfor free, so that there is a concern over “the tragedy of anti-commons” as a consequence of uncoordinatedassertions of patent rights. We have also seen cases of holding up behaviors by the outsiders of thestandard. Increasing diversity of the patentees of essential patents of technical standards, including thefirms specializing in R&D, have called for the development of new rules and regulations for efficientinnovation of technical standards.
We undertook case studies of four recent important technical standards, covering MPEG2, DVD3G(W-CDMA and CDMA2000) and SDRAM, focusing on the emergence and structural characteristics
of essential patents, and the patent pools supporting the standards, and analyzed the constraints andpossibilities for standard development organizations to clarify the RAND conditions, the coalition
formations for the establishment and diffusion of new technical standards, the use of continuation anddivisions in patent applications and the disclosure of the inventions essential to the standards. The
research project was selected by the Japan Patent Office as one of the “University Research Projects onIntellectual Property Rights” in 2004.
2. Time Period
FY2004
3. Members
Sadao Nagaoka*, Tomohiro Ijichi, Reiko Aoki (Institute of Economic Research), Masayoshi Omachi(Graduate School of International Corporate Strategy), Taro Kamioka (Graduate School of Commerceand Management), Hideo Yamamoto (Graduate School of Commerce and Management), Hisashi Kato
(Mitsubishi Electric), Yoshitaro Shimanuki (NTT Docomo) and graduate students.
4. Research Outputs(1) Research Report “Emergence and Structural Characteristics of Essential Patents of TechnicalStandards,” Japan Patent Office, March 2005 (in Japanese). The research report consists of thefollowing three parts: Part I: Case studies, Part II: Invited seminars and lectures, and Part III: Policy
issues.
(2) Nagaoka, Sadao, and Reiko Aoki, “Coalition Formation for a Consortium Standard through aStandard Body and a Patent Pool: Theory and Evidence from MPEG2, DVD and 3G,” IIR Working
Paper WP#05-01, February 200515

■ Project on the R&D and Patent Protection of Upstream Technology, Including
Research Tools
1. Outline of Research
The patent protection in Japan is focused mainly on the downstream research such as products andmanufacturing processes, while upstream research such as that for the development of research tools havebecome important in science-based industries such as biotechnology. The research project analyzes theimpacts of the patent protection of upstream technology on R&D and on industrial organization, as well
as a desirable system of patent protection. This project was selected by the Japan Patent Office as one of
the “University Research Projects on Intellectual Property Rights” in 2005.
2. Time Period
FY2004-FY2006
3. Members
Sadao Nagaoka*, Tomohiro Ijichi, Reiko Aoki (Auckland University), Masayoshi Omachi (Graduate
School of International Corporate Strategy), Hajimu Morioka (Ajinomoto), Masabumi Susuki (Graduate
School of Law, Nagoya University), graduate students and post-doctoral students
4. Research Activities and Outputs during FY2004-FY2005
Workshops(1) Workshop on Protection of Upstream Inventions, December 12, 2005, where 8 papers were presented.
(2) Workshop on Research Tools and Academic Research, organized together with Professor Masayuki
Kondo of Yokohama National University, on March 7, 2005. It had three sessions: I. Patenting andlicensing of research tools, II. University response to research tool patenting, and III. Policy issues in
research tool patenting.
Publication(1) Research Project Report “Patent Protection of Upstream Inventions,” Japan Patent Office, March
2006 (in Japanese). This report is based on the papers presented at the Workshop held on December
12, 2005.
Presentation(1) Nagaoka, Sadao, “An Empirical Analysis of Patenting and Licensing Practices of ResearchTools from Three Perspectives,” presented at the Conference on “Research Use of Patented
Inventions” organized by the Spanish National Research Council, the Spanish Patent andTrademark Office and the OECD, May 18-19, 2006, Madrid (http://www.oecd.org/document/56/
0,2340,en_2649_34797_36060462_1_1_1_1,00.html)

16

■ Project on Networks and Innovations (I)
1. Outline of Research
The recent advancement of small-world network theory, with its focus on the relationship between
network topology and performance, is likely to broaden the horizon of organization theory and social
sciences. We are developing a new framework to interpret the evolution of the mobile technology industry
in Japan and presented our early results at the Strategic Management Society (SMS) Annual International
Conference in October 2005.
2. Time Period
FY2004-present
3. Members
Jefferey Funk*, Toshihiro Nishiguchi
4. Research Activities and Outputs during FY2004-FY2005
Funk, Jeffrey, and Toshihiro Nishiguchi, “Technological Change and Rewiring Firm Networks: The Caseof the Mobile Internet in Japan,” presented at the 2005 SMS Annual International Conference, October25, 2005, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A.

■ Project on Networks and Innovations (II)
1. Outline of Research
Incorporating a new perspective of small-world network theory, we are conducting comparative fieldresearch on regional economies and enterprise networks in Japan, China, and Europe. Earlier findings
have already been published in the Hitotsubashi Business Review. Our group is composed of researcherswith diverse national or institutional backgrounds and is expected to keep on producing new findings foryears to come.
2. Time Period
FY2004-present
3. Members
Toshihiro Nishiguchi*, Motoko Tsujita (Shizuoka Sangyo University), Tomofumi Amano (Hosei
University), Dan Xu (Junior Fellow, Hitotsubashi University), Changxiang Zhao (Ph.D. Candidate,Hitotsubashi University)
4. Research Activities and Outputs during FY2004-FY2005
From 2004 to 2005 we conducted field research in Japan, coastal regions of China and parts of Italy.
Based on some earlier results, we published two articles in the Issue of the Frontiers of Business in
China, Hitotsubashi Business Review in March 2005. One is on the prosperous entrepreneurial networks
in Wenzhou (analyzed within the framework of small-world network theory) and the other on thecompetitiveness of rapidly growing electronics firms in China.

17

Publications(1) Nishiguchi, Toshihiro and Motoko Tsujita, “Comparisons of Small-firm Networks in Japan, China,
and the United Kingdom: From the Standpoint of ‘Small-world’ Organizations,” in Kikkawa, Takeo
and Research Institute for Advancement of Living Standards, eds., Community Based Economic
Renaissance, Tokyo: Yuhikaku, 2005, pp 159-189 (in Japanese)(2) Tsujita, Motoko, “The Creation of New Industry in Industrial Districts,” in Kikkawa, Takeo andResearch Institute for Advancement of Living Standards, eds., Community Based Economic
Renaissance, Tokyo: Yuhikaku, 2005, pp 63-93 (in Japanese)(3) Tsujita, Motoko, The Community Development through Industry-Academia-Government
Collaboration,” Co-operative Finance for Commerce and Industry, The Shokochukin Bank, Vol. 55,
No. 4, 2005, pp. 67-68 (in Japanese)(4) Nishiguchi, Toshihiro, Motoko Tsujita, and Dan Xu, “The Prosperity of Wenzhou and ‘Small-world’
Networks,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 52, No. 4, 2005, pp. 22-38 (in Japanese)(5) Nishiguchi, Toshihiro, Tomofumi Amano, and Changxiang Zhao, “The Rapid Growth andGlobalization of Chinese Electronics Companies: A Study of the Haier Group,” Hitotsubashi Business
Review, Vol. 52, No. 4, 2005, pp. 54-71 (in Japanese)■ Subculture Research Project
1. Outline of Research
Animation, video games and music; these entertainment industries are drawing attention as the new
up-and-coming industries of Japan. For example, Japanese animation, Japanese Manga (comics), Japanese
video games, Japanese pop music, young Japanese fashion (Shibuya-kei, and so on), are known as “Japan
Cool” worldwide.
They have become a part of the main culture and established industries nowadays, but theseindustries were recognized as subculture in the start-up stage. In other words, they grew into industries,
nevertheless estranged from the main culture. In addition, new technologies—represented by computer
technology these days— assist this estranged culture of outsiders into the mainstream and transform theminto pop culture. This research project focuses on the subculture as the source of a new (cultural) industry,
and considers the possibility of innovation.
We investigate subculture or subculture-based industries, and obtain deep knowledge about therelationship between subculture and innovation. For this aim, we hold periodic meetings, and invite
industry professionals to give lectures. In addition, we are continuing field research in Japan andoverseas.
2. Time Period
FY2004-present
3. Members
Seiichiro Yonekura*, Akira Takeishi, Fumihiko Ikuine

18

4. Research Activities and Outputs during FY2004-FY2005(1) We edited a special issue entitled “Content Business of Japan” for the Hitotsubashi Business Review,Vol. 53, No. 3, December 2005 (in Japanese).
(2) Yonekura, Seiichiro and Fumihiko Ikuine, “The Home Video-game Industry in Japan―The Trap ofSeries Product Strategy,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 53, No. 3, December 2005, pp. 52-69 (inJapanese)(3) Takeishi, Akira and Kyoung-Joo Lee, “Mobile Music Business in Japan and Korea,” Hitotsubashi
Business Review, Vol. 53, No. 3, December 2005, pp. 70-87 (in Japanese)■ Project on Bio-medical Venturing Business Research
1. Outline of Research
We must construct a system of new medicine development for the 21st century. This is not only for the
progress of Japan’s pharmaceutical industries, but also for the health care of the Japanese people. In theconstruction of the new system, it is important to nurture and support venture companies focused on
biotechnology or medical technology. This project considers ways of nurturing these venture companies
through the cooperation of industrial professionals, ministries and academic researchers.
To nurture and support venture companies in the biotechnology or medical technology fields,
it is necessary to concentrate on a wide range of specialty areas. Established boundaries (specialty,organizations, section) must be broken down, specialists must get together and share the same goal.
Such cooperation can be realized on a mutual platform. With this recognition, we promote (1) periodic
meetings of the respective specialist from the industries, ministries, universities and research institutes,(2) a proposal for the support of venture companies with a focus on biotechnology or medical technology,(3) public information about the importance of venture companies focused on biotechnology or medical
technology, and (4) presentation in academic societies.
2. Time Period
FY2004-present
3. Members
Seiichiro Yonekura*, Akira Takeishi, Yaichi Aoshima, Minoru Shimamoto (Graduate School ofCommerce and Management), Keio University, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, The Japan
Biotechnology Association, Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Inc.
(Observers: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW), Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry(METI), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), etc.)
4. Research Activities and Outputs during FY2004-FY2005
We are planning to hold International Symposium on Japan’s Competitive Advantage and Bio Innovation,
jointly with Nihon Keizai Shimbun, sponsored by MHLW, METI, MEXT, on September 28, 2006.

19

■ Project on Evaluation and Restructuring of R&D Capabilities of Japanese Firms: Strategy,
Organization, and Governance1. Outline of Research
While Japanese firms have applied for large numbers of patents in the 1990s and have been referred tomaintain their outstanding technological competitiveness, many have faced low profitability. The root
cause can be attributed to the fact that Japanese firms cannot fully utilize the technological potential,or the fact that they have not been deeply aware that linking the internal technological abilities withprofitability is indispensable.
The aim of this project is to clarify systematically the real picture of R&D capabilities of Japanesefirms and the major challenges that they face. The project is planned firstly to construct the statistical
database in order to examine the performance of R&D activities, and secondly to analyze and evaluate
the R&D activities of Japanese firms and the root cause of low profitability from three perspectives:
valuation, strategy and governance.
2. Time Period
July 2004-March 2006
3. Members
Masaru Karube*, Sadao Nagaoka, Tomohiro Ijichi, Tetsuyuki Kagaya (Graduate School of Commerce andManagement), Makoto Nakano (Graduate School of International Corporate Strategy), Seki Obata (KeioBusiness School, Keio University)
4. Research Activities and Outputs during FY2004-FY2005
Publications(1) Nagaoka, Sadao, “Assessing the R&D Management of Firms by Patent Citation: Evidence from the
US Patents,” Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, forthcoming(2) Nakano, Makoto, “Intangible Assets’ Effect on Shareholders’ Value,” in Ichijo, Kazuo and Ikujiro
Nonaka, eds., Knowledge Creation and Management, NY: Oxford University Press, November 2006,
forthcoming(3) Nagaoka, Sadao, “R&D and Market Value of Japanese Firms in the 1990s,” Journal of the Japaneseand International Economies, Vol. 20, No. 2, June 2006, pp. 155-176(4) Karube, Masaru, “Competitive Performance of Japanese Firms and Management Agenda,”
Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 52, No. 3, December 2004, pp. 24-35 (in Japanese)
Presentations(1) Nakano, Makoto, “R&D Investments’ Effect on Shareholders’ Value,” European Accounting
Association 28th Annual Congress, May 2005, Gothenburg, Sweden.
(2) Nagaoka, Sadao, “Assessing the R&D Management of Firms by Patent Citation: Evidence from the
US Patents,” Association, Innovation and Intellectual Property: Economic & Managerial Perspectives,
INSEAD, Singapore, July 16, 2004; Japanese Economic Association, the 2004 Fall Meeting,
September 26, 2004, Okayama University, Japan20

■ Project on Organization and Talent that Enable Innovation Based on Science Knowledge
1. Outline of ResearchThis research examines what knowledge and attitude are required for engineers to achieve innovation byturning their pure science knowledge into technology knowledge. The research also explores what kindof R&D organizations and systems are required for engineers with such knowledge and attitude to realize
their potential, with main focus on the semiconductor industry, a typical science-oriented industry.
We try to clarify how relationships between innovation-enabling systems and engineers should bethrough interviews and questionnaire surveys of R&D engineers working for semiconductor consortia
and semiconductor-related firms in Japan and the United States as well as interviews with a group ofengineers who have produced outstanding outcomes in the promotion of innovation in the forms of
papers and patents.
2. Time Period
January 2005–December 2007
3. Members
Shuzo Fujimura*, Yaichi Aoshima, Noriko Taji (Meisei University,) Hiroshi Fujii (Meisei University) andMasahiro Tsujimoto (University of Tokyo)
4. Research Activities and Outputs
In progess.

21

I. Research Activities

3. International Conferences — Apr. 2004 ~ Mar. 2006
■ International Symposium on the 21st Century Innovation Systems for Japan andthe United States: Lessons from a Decade of Change
Organized by
The National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTP),
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
andThe Board of Science, Technology, and Economic Policy,
U.S. National Academies
In collaboration with
Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University, Japan
January 10-11, 2006
Tokyo, Japan
Innovation is a key driving force for economic growth in the 21st century in Japan and the United States.
Aiming at strengthening innovative capabilities, both countries have introduced and implemented various
reforms and new policies for the last ten years, through encouraging university-industry collaboration,
protection of intellectual property rights, and innovation by start-up companies. The purpose of thisinternational Symposium is to share experiences and lessons in this field between Japan and the UnitedStates and to discuss future directions for innovations systems in the 21st century. The Symposium
brought together leading experts from academia as well as senior managers from business and the policy
sector in both countries.
Day 1: January 10, 2006
WelcomeIntroduction: Takashi Inutsuka, Director, Planning Division, NISTEP
Motohide Konaka, Director General, NISTEP
Opening Addresses
Chair: Terutaka Kuwahara, Deputy Director General, NISTEP“Challenges in the U.S. Innovation System”
Donald Manzullo, United States House of Representatives“Evolution and Challenges to the Innovation System in Japan”
Taizo Yakushiji, Member, Council for Science and Technology Policy/Visiting Professor, Keio 		
University
Panel I: Government’s Evolving Role in Supporting Corporate R&D—U.S. andJapanese Models
Moderator: Alice Amsden, Professor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology“Government’s Support to Corporate R&D in Japan”
Akira Goto, Professor, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST),Universityof Tokyo/Faculty Fellow, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI)
Kazuyuki Motohashi, Associate Professor, RCAST, University of Tokyo/Faculty Fellow, RIETI“Government’s Evolving Role in Supporting Corporate R&D—Theory and Practice”
Stephanie Shipp, Director, Economic Assessment Office, National Institute of Standards and 		Technology
Marc Stanley, Director, ATP, National Institute of Standards and Technology
DiscussantIchiro Nakajima, Director & Professor, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center,Tohoku University
22Panel II: Government-Industry R&D Partnerships—U.S. and Japanese Experiments
Moderator: Lonnie Edelheit, GE, ret.
“Semiconductor Consortia in Japan: Experiences and Lessons”
Shuzo Fujimura, Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology/Visiting Professor, IIR
Hiroyuki Chuma, Professor, IIR/Affiliated Senior Fellow, NISTEP“Internationalization of American Industrial R&D: International SEMATECH and the International
Roadmap”
Kenneth Flamm, Professor and Dean, Rusk Chair in International Affairs, Lyndon B. Johnson 		
School of Public Affairs, University of Texas at Austin
DiscussantKaoru Honjo, Executive Director, New Energy and Industrial Technology Development 		Organization (NEDO)
Panel III: Government Programs to Encourage Innovation by Startups and SMEs
Moderator: Bradley Knox, Committee on Small Business, US House of Representatives“The U.S. Small Business Innovation Research Program”
Charles Wessner, STEP, U.S. National Academies“Programs to Stimulate Startups and Entrepreneurship in Japan: Experiences and Lessons”
Takehiko Yasuda, Professor, Department of Economics, Toyo University
DiscussantTetsuya Iizuka, President and CEO, THine Electronics, Inc.
Day 2: January 11, 2006
Panel IV: Interaction between Intellectual Property and Innovation Systems
Moderator: Shozo Uemura, Former Deputy Director General, World Intellectual Property
Organization (WIPO)/Visiting Professor, RCAST, University of Tokyo“Issues and Possible Reforms in the U.S. Patent System”
Bronwyn Hall, Professor, University of California at Berkeley“Reform and Challenges of IPR protection in Japan”
Sadao Nagaoka, Director and Professor, IIR
DiscussantMark Myers, Xerox, ret./Visiting Professor, The Wharton Business School, The University of 		Pennsylvania
Panel V: Industry and University Collaboration
Moderator: Toshiya Watanabe, Professor, RCAST, University of Tokyo“Industry-University Partnerships in the United States”
Irwin Feller, American Association for the Advancement of Science“Industry-University Partnerships in Japan”
Masayuki Kondo, Affiliated Senior Fellow, NISTEP/Professor, Yokohama National University; 		
Research Staff, NISTEP
Discussant
Gail Cassell, Eli Lilly and Company

23

Panel VI: Government Support for University Research
Moderator: Hiroshi Nagano, Principal Fellow, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)“DARPA and the US Connected Science Model for Innovation — Where Is It Now?
William Bonvillian, Office of Senator Lieberman, US Senate“Government Support to University Research — Trend and Issues in Japan”
Ryuji Shimoda, Professor, Frontier Collaborative Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology
DiscussantWilliam Spencer, STEP/SEMATECH, ret.
Panel VII: Industry-University-Government Cooperation: The Biotechnology Challenge
Moderator: Bill Bonvillian, Office of Senator Lieberman, US Senate“Perspective on Current Trends in Drug Development in the United States”
Gail Cassell, Eli Lilly and Company“Is There a Significant Contribution of Public Sector in Biomedical Research in Japan?—A Detailed
Analysis of Government University Patenting 1991-2001”
Yosuke Okada, Associate Professor, Graduate School of Economics, Hitotsubashi University
DiscussantShozo Nagai, Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association
Closing Summary and Remarks
Chair: Masayuki Kondo, Affiliated Senior Fellow, NISTEP/Professor, Yokohama National University
William Spencer, STEP/SEMATECH, ret.
Sadao Nagaoka, Director and Professor, IIR

24

■ International Workshop on the Exhaustion of Intellectual Property Rights
June 26, 2005 at the Conference Room, IIR

Morning Session
Chair: Yoshiyuki Tamura, Professor, Hokkaido University“Economic Analysis of IP Exhaustion”
Peter Ganea, Max-Planck Institute/Visiting Professor, IIR
Discussant: Eiichi Tomiura, Professor, Yokohama National University“Efficient Appropriation of R&D Investments and the Exhaustion Principle”
Sadao Nagaoka, Professor and Director, IIR
Discussant: Yoshio Ohara, Emeritus Professor at Kobe University/Minerva Patent-Law Office“Exhaustion and Trade between Developed and Developing Countries: China as an Example”
Xiang Yu, Professor, Huazhong University of Science and Technology         Discussant: Hiroko Yamane, Professor, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies

Afternoon Session
Chair: Hiroshi Saito, Professor of Law, Senshu University“Exhaustion Theory in Japanese Case Law”
Yoshiyuki Tamura, Professor, Hokkaido University
Discussant: Ryoichi Mimura, Judge, Intellectual Property High Court“Exhaustion as Subject to Freedom of Contract? Some Thoughts on the “Implied License” Doctrine(Provisional)”
Hisao Shiomi, Professor, Tsukuba University
Discussant: Yoshiyuki Tamura, Professor, Hokkaido University“Effects of New Technologies on Copyright Exhaustion — On the Feasibility of the So-called “Online
Exhaustion””
Peter Ganea, Max-Planck Institute/Visiting Professor, IR
Discussant 1: Hiroshi Saito, Professor of Law, Senshu University
Discussant 2: Fumihiko Moriya, General Manager, Intellectual Property Department, Sony 		Corporation25

■ International Conference on IT innovation
December 13-14, 2004 at the Hitotsubashi Sanoshoin Hall, Kunicachi, Tokyo
Supported by the Japan Patent Office (JPO)

Day 1: December 13, 2004
IPR, Standards and Competition Policy for Cumulative Innovation
Welcoming Remark
Sadao Nagaoka, IIR
An Address
Kunihiko Shimano, Director of Academic I.P. Advancement Office, General Affairs Dept., JPO
Session 1: IPR and standards
Chair: Hideshi Itoh, Hitotsubashi University
Lead paper “Digital Rights Management and the Pricing of Digital Products”
Suzanne Scotchmer, University of California, Berkeley
Discussant: Kazuharu Kiyono, Waseda University“Coalition Formation for a Consortium Standard through a Standard Body and a Patent Pool: Theory andSome Evidence from MPEG, DVD and 3G Standard”
Reiko Aoki, Hitotsubashi University
Sadao Nagaoka, IIR
Discussant: Suzanne Scotchmer, University of California, Berkeley“Emergence of Essential Patents in Technical Standards: Implications of the Continuation and Divisional
Application Systems and the Written Description Requirement”
Masayoshi Omachi, Hitotsubashi University
Discussant: John Walsh, University of Illinois at Chicago
Session 2: IPR and Competition
Chair: Sadao Nagaoka, IIR
Lead Paper “Creative Destruction in the PC Industry”
Timothy Bresnahan, Stanford University
Discussant: Hiroyuki Odagiri, Hitotsubashi University“Does File Sharing Reduce the Music CD Sales? —A case of Japan”—
Tatsuo Tanaka, Keio University
Discussant: Yosuke Okada, Hitotsubashi University“Antitrust Analysis of US, EU, and Japanese Microsoft Cases: How to Regulate Abusive Conduct by a
Holder of Dominant Platform Software”
Toshiaki Takigawa, Kansai University
Discussant: Jiro Tamura, Keio University

26

Day 2: December 14, 2004
Creation and Diffusion of IT Innovation
Keynote Speech “Information Technology and the World Economy”
Dale W. Jorgenson, Harvard University
Session 1: Technology drivers for IT innovation
Chair: Kazuyuki Motohash, University of Tokyo
Lead paper “Moore's Law and the Economics of Semiconductor Price Trends”
Kenneth Flamm, University of Texas at Austin
Discussant: Hiroshi Ohashi, University of Tokyo“Patent Quality, Cumulative Innovation and Market Value + Do speed, Science Linkage, Focus and New
Entry Matter in IT Inventions?”
Sadao Nagaoka, IIR
Discussant: Shigeru Asaba, Gakushuin University“Complexity and Limit of Organization Faced by Science-based Industries in Japan: Cases ofMicrolithography Industry”
Hiroyuki Chuma, Hitotsubashi University
Discussant: Jun Saito, Nikon Corporation
Session 2: Innovations in IT using industry
Chair: Hiroyuki Odagiri, Hitotsubashi University“Firm Level Analysis of Information Network Use and Performance: U.S. vs. Japan”
B K. Atrostic, U.S. Census Bureau
Kazuyuki Motohashi, University of Tokyo
Sang Nguyen, U.S. Census Bureau
Discussant: Kenneth Flamm, University of Texas at Austin“The Economic Impacts of ICT—An European Perspective”
Dirk Pilat, OECD
Discussant: Dale W. Jorgenson, Harvard University“IT, Enterprise Reform and Productivity in Chinese Manufacturing Firms”
Kazuyuki Motohashi, University of Tokyo
Ximing Yue, Chinese Academy of Social Science
Discussant: Sanghoon Ahn, Hitotsubashi University

27

I. Research Activities

4. Innovation Research Consortium— Apr. 2004 ~ Mar. 2006
Innovation Research Consortium is set up to develop managerial strategies of technology through a massive
collaboration between IIR researchers and the consortium participants. The key concept of this consortium isa "mutual learning of fundamental business strategies for technological innovation between academics andbusiness people." Under this concept, the program is designed to facilitate mutual understanding by coupling
lectures from IIR researchers and business case reports from the participants.
Each module is composed of academic lectures and several business case reports based on their realexperiences. The theme of each module is selected to effectively learn fundamental theories of innovation
management. When business case reports presented by the participants are recognized as insightful andeducational, they will be periodically published on IIR's quarterly journal, Hitotsubashi Business Review.

Course VI (Apr. 2005 ~ Mar. 2006)■ Activities
On R&D Management
Feb. 03, 2006
Case Report &Discussion

Innovation Management Seminar (6): R&D Management
Matsui, S., Seiko Precision
Ohashi, H., Nihon Kaiheiki Industries

Jan. 27, 2006
Case Report &Discussion

Innovation Management Seminar (6): R&D Management
Tetsuka, S., Hitachi
Nomura, K., NEC Learning

Jan. 20, 2006
LectureInnovation Management Seminar (6): R&D Management
Fujimura, S.
Ijichi, T.

Dec. 16, 2005
Case ReportInnovation Management Seminar (5): Innovation and Development System
Takashima, M., Fuji Photo Film

Dec. 02, 2005
LectureInnovation Management Seminar (5): Innovation and Development System
Chuma, H.

Nov. 18, 2005
Research ReportInnovation Management Seminar (4): Innovation and Intellectual Property Right
Matsushima, S. et al., Konika Minolta Technology Center

Nov. 04, 2005
LectureInnovation Management Seminar (4): Innovation and Intellectual Property Right
Nagaoka, S.

Oct. 21, 2005
LectureCase ReportInnovation Management Seminar (3): Innovation and Social Process
Takeishi, A.
Tamizane, K., Konica Minolta Technology Center

Oct. 07, 2005
Case Discussion

Innovation Management Seminar (3): Social Process of Innovation
Takeishi, A., FM RadioOn Strategic Management
Sep. 29, 2005

28

Guest SpeechSong, Wen Zhon, CEO, Softbrain Co., Ltd.

Jul. 29, 2005
Lecture &Case Discussion

Innovation Management Seminar (2): Innovation and Corporate Strategy
Karube, M. and F. Ikuine, Mitsubishi Electric

Jul. 22, 2005
Innovation Management Seminar (1) History of Innovation.
Case Discussion	Aoshima, Y., Toray
Jun. 14, 2005
Case Discussion

Innovation Management Seminar (1): History of Innovation
Aoshima, Y., Terumo

May 31, 2005
LectureInnovation Management Seminar (1) : History of Innovation
Yonekura, S.
Aoshima, Y.

■ Member Companies
Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.; Hitachi, Ltd.; Konica Minolta Technology Center, Inc.; NEC Learnig, Ltd.; Nihon
Kaiheiki Industries Co., Ltd.; Seiko Precision, Inc.

Course V (Apr. 2004 ~ Mar. 2005)■ Activities
Feb. 04, 2005		
						
Jan. 28, 2005
Case Report
Case Discussion

Closing Summary and Discussion
Aoshima, Y.
Fujimura, S.
Closing Summary and Discussion
Takeda, M., Mitsubshi Corporation
Aoshima, Y., Kyocera

On R&D Management
Jan. 21, 2005
Case Report &Discussion

Innovation Management Seminar (6): Innovation and Production System
Sakurai, Y., NEC University
Nakano, T., Hitachi

Dec. 14, 2004

Guest Speech
Kumagai, Msatoshi, CEO, GMO Internet, Inc.

Nov. 19, 2004
LectureInnovation Management Seminar (6): Innovation and Production System
Chuma, H.

Nov. 05, 2004
Case Report &Discussion

Innovation Management Seminar (5): Inter-firm System and Innovation
Nishino, Y., Nissan Chemical Industries
Miyoshi, O., Oregadare

Oct. 15, 2004
LectureInnovation Management Seminar (5): Inter-firm System and Innovation
Takeishi, A.

Oct. 08, 2004
Case Report &Discussion

Innovation Management Seminar (4): R&D Management
Ashida, Y., Mitsui Chemicals
Minami, K., Fuji Photo Film29

Sep. 24, 2004
LectureCase Report &Discussion

Innovation Management Seminar (4): R&D Management
Ijichi, T.

Sep. 10, 2004
LectureInnovation Management Seminar (4): R&D Management
Fujimura, S.

Ezaki, A., Konica Minolta Technology Center

On Strategic Management
Aug. 24, 2004
Case Report &Discussion

Innovation Management Seminar (3): Innovation and Intellectual Property Right

Jul. 30, 2004
LectureInnovation Management Seminar (3): Innovation and Intellectual Property Right
Nagaoka, S.

Jul. 16, 2004
Case Report &Discussion

Innovation Management Seminar (2): Innovation and Corporate Strategy
Kato, M., Dow Corning Toray Silicone
Hara, T., Fuji Photo Film

Jul. 02, 2004
Case Discussion
Case Report &Discussion

Innovation Management Seminar (2): Innovation and Corporate Strategy
Aoshima, Y., Fuji Electric Retail Systems

Jun. 18, 2004
LectureInnovation Management Seminar (2): Innovation and Corporate Strategy
Karube, M.

Jun. 08, 2004
Case Report &Discussion

Innovation Management Seminar (1): History of Innovation
Fukamachi, M., Asahi Kohsan
Nakano, T., Fuji Electric Retail Systems

May 25, 2004
LectureInnovation Management Seminar (1): History of Innovation
Yonekura, S.

Nishikawa, A., Seiko Precision

Miyata, Y., House Foods■ Member Companies
Asahi Kohsan Co., Ltd.; Dow Corning Toray Silicone Co., Ltd.; Fuji Electric Retail Systems Co., Ltd.; Fuji
Photo Film Co., Ltd.; Hitachi, Ltd.; House Foods Corp.; Konica Minolta Techonolgy Center, Inc.; Mitsubishi
Corporation; Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.; NEC University, Ltd.; Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.; Oregadare,
Inc.; Seiko Precision, Inc.

30

I. Research Activities

5. The Hiroshi Fujiwara Endowed Chair in Venture Finance
In April 2002, the Hiroshi Fujiwara Endowed Chair in Venture Finance was established at the Institute of
Innovation Research. This was made possible by the generous donation of Mr. Hiroshi Fujiwara, President
and CEO of the Internet Research Institute, Inc. The primary objectives of the Chair are to promote research
into venture finance in Japan, and to educate the future cadre of chief financial officers (CFOs) for venturebusinesses.
There is a pressing need in Japan to foster the establishment and growth of venture businesses, particularly
in high technology fields. Such businesses are expected to be a source of dynamism and rejuvenation for theJapanese economy. However, the rate of start-ups and closures of small and medium sized enterprises has
declined in recent years, and is only about one third of that of the United States. Moreover, it is recognizedthat the successful development of such venture firms is contingent on sound financial management, andhence there is a need to educate specialists in finance who can contribute to such firms.
Against this background, and from his own experience as the founder of a technology venture business, Mr.
Fujiwara kindly donated to the foundation of the Chair as a means of encouraging the growth of venturefirms for Japan's economic vitality. The Internet Research Institute, Inc., which Mr. Fujiwara founded withother executives in 1996, comprises computer network specialists from universities and internet accessproviders who design internet-based technology solutions and provide a range of consulting services. The
company is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange's Mothers (market of the high-growth and emerging stocks)
market, which was created for start-up firms in 1999.
In the United States, a number of new ventures which have achieved IPO status have donated some of theircapital gains to universities as a means of disseminating knowledge. Stanford is perhaps the best known
example because of its position in Silicon Valley. Likewise, the creation of this new Chair at the Instituteof Innovation Research is an attempt to circulate timely knowledge in Japan on business creation, and is an
important step in the collaboration between industry and the university.

31

32

II. Researchers33II. Researchers

1. Full-time Researchers

Profiles & List of Research Achievements — Apr. 2004 ~ Mar. 2006
Yaichi Aoshima■ Education
1996
1989
1987

 h.D. (Management), Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute ofP
Technology
M.C. (Business Administration), Hitotsubashi University
B.C. (Commerce), Hitotsubashi University■ Professional Positions
1999~ Associate Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
1997 Assistant Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
1996 Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Research, Hitotsubashi Universit■ Research Achievements
1. Publications
1.1. Articles and Chapters in Books(In English)“Diffusion of 3D-CAD and its Impact on Product Development Processes: A Comparison
between Japanese and Chinese Companies,” Yokohama Journal of Technology
Management Studies, Vol. 5, February 2006, pp. 25-41 (with Yoko Takeda, Kentaro
Nobeoka and Shiguo Li)“Case Study Shimano: Market Creation through Component Integration,” in Herstatt,
Cornelius, Christoph Stockstrom, Hugo Tschirky and Akio Nagahira, eds.,
Management of Technology and Innovation in Japan, Berlin: Springer, 2006, pp.
29-48 (with Akira Takeishi)“The Impact of 3D-CAD on New Product Development,” Journal of Korean Economic
Development, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2004 (with Kentaro Nobeoka and Yoko Takeda)(In Japanese)“Thinking through the Architecture,” in Itami, Hiroyuki, Takahiro Fujimoto, Tetsuji
Okazaki, Hideshi Itoh and Tsuyoshi Numagami, eds., Readings: The JapaneseCorporate System Vol. 3 Strategy and Innovation, Tokyo: Yuhikaku, January 2006,
pp. 206-240 (with Akira Takeishi, in Japanese)“Business Case Terumo: Catheter,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 53, No. 3,
December 2005, pp. 142-161 (in Japanese)“Transfer of R&D Workers and Their Technological Performance,” Nihon Rodo Kenkyu
Zasshi, The Japan Institute of Labor, No. 541, August 2005, pp. 34-48 (in Japanese)“Business Case Toray: Carbon Fibers,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 52, No. 4,
March 2005, pp. 120-145 (with Takeo Kasai, in Japanese)“The Impact of 3D-CAD on New Product Development,” Yokohama Journal ofTechnology Management Studies, Yokohama National University, No. 4, December
12, 2004, pp. 1-12 (with Yoko Takeda and Kentaro Nobeoka, in Japanese)“Technological Change and Competitive Advantage: Existing Research and its
Application to Japanese Companies,” The Journal of Science Policy and Research
Management, The Japan Society for Science Policy and Research Management, Vol.
18, No. 3/4, August 25, 2004, pp. 107-126 (in Japanese)34

“Business Case House Foods Corp.: Lachrymatory Factor Synthase (LFS, an onion
enzyme),” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 52, No. 1, June 2004, pp. 162-173(with Sachiko Ito, in Japanese)
2. Unpublished Work2.1. Working Papers“Trecenti Technologies: Development of New 300mm Semiconductor Manufacturing
Systems,”IIR Case Study CASE#05-13, October 2005 (with Ken Kitazawa andMasashi Inoue, in Japanese)
3. Conference Papers, Presentations“The Impact of 3D-CAD on New Product Development,” the Korean Development
Economics Association (KDEA) Annual Conference, October 20, 2004, Incheon“Mobility Systems: Transfer of Semiconductor Engineers,” presented at the Annual
Meeting of the Academic Association for Organizational Science, Japan, June 19,
2004, University of Tokyo

35

Hiroyuki Chuma■ Education
1984
1975

Ph.D. (Economics), State University of New York at Buffalo
B.A. (Economics), Hitotsubashi University■ Professional Positions
2000 Visiting Professor, Department of Economics, Yale University (~2001)
1999~ Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
1993 Professor, Faculty of Economics, Hitotsubashi University
1992 Associate Professor, Faculty of Economics, Hitotsubashi University
1986 Visiting Research Fellow, Department of Economics, Yale University (~1987)
1985 Associate Professor, Faculty of Economics, Tokyo Metropolitan University
1984 Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Southern Illinois
University at Carbondale
1975 Taisei Corporation (~1978)■ Research Achievements
1. Publications
1.1. Articles and Chapters in Books(In English)“Increasing Complexity and Limits of Organization in the Microlithography Industry:
Implications for Science-based Industries,” Research Policy, Vol. 35, No. 3, April
2006, pp. 394-411“Semiconductor Production System a la TOYOTA: Pioneering Experiments in UMCJ,”
in Mao, Yunshi and Min Li, eds., Multinational in China: Competition andCooperation, The University Press Limited, 2004, pp. 30-52(In Japanese)“The Factors of Weaking Competitiveness in Semiconductor Manufacturing Systems:
The Power of Meta-integration as a Bottleneck,” Nikkei Micro Device, May 2006,
pp. 43-49 (in Japanese)“Increasing Complexity and Limits of Organization in the Science-based Industries:
Case of the Microlithography Industry,” in Goto, Akira and Toshihiro Kodama,eds., Japan's National Innovation System: Rebuilding the Engine of Growth, Tokyo:
University of Tokyo Press, March 2006, Chapter 8, pp. 229-262 (in Japanese)“Increasing Complexity and Limits of Organization in the Japanese Microlithography
Industry,” Kogaku (Japanese Journal of Optics), The Optical Society of Japan, Vol.
34, No. 8, August 2005, pp. 388-395 (in Japanese)“Increasing Complexity and Limit of Organization in the Japanese Science-based
Industry: Based on the Case of the Microlithography Industry,” Hitotsubashi
Business Review, Vol. 52, No. 3, December 2004, pp. 64-85 (in Japanese)
1.2. Others“Labor Economy,” in Imidas, Tokyo: Shuei-sha, included in the 1997 to 2005 edition (inJapanese)36

2. Unpublished Work2.1. Working Papers“What Japanese Workers Want: Evidence from the Japanese Worker Representation andParticipation Survey,” RIETI Discussion Paper Series 04-E-019, Research Instituteof Economy, Trade and Industry, April 2004 (with Takao Kato and Isao Ohashi)
3. Conference Papers, Presentations“Semiconductor Consortia in Japan: Experiences and Lessons,” presented at theInternational Symposium on 21st Century Innovation Systems for Japan and theUnited States: Lessons form a Decade of Change, organized by the National Instituteof Science and Technology Policy, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Scienceand Technology, Japan and the Board of Science, Technology, and Economic Policy,
U.S. National Academies, in collaboration with IIR, January 10-11, 2006, Tokyo(with Shuzo Fujimura)“The Importance of Visualization Technology for Manufacturing,” presented at JISSO/PROTEC Forum Japan 2005, Japan Electronics and Information Technology
Industries Association et al., October 4, 2005, Chiba, Japan“Semiconductor Production System a la Toyota: Pioneering Experiments in Two JapaneseFabs,” presented at the 6th European AEC/APC (=Advanced Equipment Control/
Advanced Process Control) Conference, April 6-8, 2005, Dublin“Increasing Complexity and Limits of Organization in the Japanese Microlithography
Industry,” presented at 2005 Spring JSAP Annual Meeting, The Japan Society ofApplied Physics, March 30, 2005, Saitama University, Japan37

Jeffrey L. Funk
■ Education
1984  Ph.D. (Engineering and Public Policy), and M.S. (Mechanical Engineering/Engineering and Public Policy), Carnegie Mellon University
1978 B.S. (Physics), California Polytechnic State University■ Professional Positions
2003~ Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
1996 A ssociate Professor, Research Institute for Economics and Business
Administration, and Graduate School of Business Administration, Kobe
University
1995 Visiting Scholar, University of Michigan
1991 Assistant Professor of Business, Pennsylvania State University
1985 Westinghouse1978 Hughes Aircraft Co.
■ Research Achievements
1. Publications
1.1. Articles and Chapters in Books“The Future of Mobile Phone-Based Intranet Applications: A View from Japan,”
Technovation, forthcoming“Solving the Startup Problem in Western Mobile Internet Markets,” Telecommunications
Policy, forthcoming“The Future of Mobile Shopping: The Interaction between Lead Users and TechnologicalTrajectories in Japanese Market,” Technological Forecasting and Social Change,
forthcoming“Technological Change within Hierarchies: The Case of the Music Industry,” Economics
of Innovation and New Technology, forthcoming“Mobile Phone Industry: A Microcosm of Deregulation, Globalization, andTechnological Change in the Japanese Economy,” in Taplin, Ruth., ed., Japanese
Telecommunications Market and Policy in Transition, London: Routledge, 2006, pp.
65-86“The Future of the Mobile Phone Internet: An Analysis of Technological Trajectories and“Lead Users” Japanese Market,” Technology in Society, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp 69-83,
2005“Capitalizing on Japan's Lead in the Mobile Internet,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol.
52, No. 1, June 2004, pp. 64-77 (in Japanese)“The Product Life Cycle Theory and Product Line Management: the Case of Mobile
Phones,” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 51. No. 2, 2004, pp.
1-11“Key Technological Trajectories and the Expansion of Mobile Internet Applications,”
Info-The journal of policy, regulation and strategy for telecommunications, Vol. 6,
No. 3, 2004

38

2. Conference Papers, Presentations“Technological Change and Methods of Standard Setting in the Mobile Phone Industry,”
to be presented at the Strategic Management Society Meeting, October 29 November 1, 2006, Vienna, Austria“The Sources and Timing of Technological Discontinuities: The Case of the
Semiconductor Industry,” to be presented at the Strategic Management Society
Meeting, October 29 - November 1, 2006, Vienna, Austria“New Industry Formation, Inverse Demand Curves and the Rewiring of Networks,”
presented at the Academy of Management, August 14-16, 2006, Atlanta GA“Technological Change within Nested Hierarchies: The Case of the Information
Technology Sector,” presented at the Academy of Management, August 14-16,
2006, Atlanta GA“The Sources and Timing of Technological Discontinuities and Dominant Designs,”
presented at the Academy of Management, August 14-16, 2006, Atlanta GA“The Sources and Timing of Technological Discontinuities: The Case of the Computer
Industry,” presented at the International J.A. Schumpeter Society 11th ISS
Conference on Innovation, Competition and Growth: Schumpeterian Perspectives,
June 22-24, 2006, Nice, France“Technological Change and Rewiring Firm Networks: The Case of the Mobile Internet
in Japan," presented at the 2005 Strategic Management Society (SMS) Annual
International Conference, October 25, 2005, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. (withToshihiro Nishiguchi)“Technological Change within Product Design and Customer Hierarchies: The Computer
Industry,” presented at the Academy of Management, August 8-10, 2005, Hawaii“Technological Change within Product Design and Customer Hierarchies: The Music
Industry," presented at the Academy of Management, August 8-10, 2005, Hawaii“Collisions between Industries and the Evolution of the Mobile Internet in Japan,”presented at the Hong Kong Mobility Roundtable, June 2-3, 2005, Hong Kong
“The Emergence of Regional Capabilities in New Technologies: the Case of the Mobile
Internet,” presented at the 2004 International Conference on Mobile Communication,
October 18-19, 2004, Seoul, Korea

39

Tomohiro Ijichi■ Education
1994 Ph.D. (General Systems Studies - R&D Management), Graduate School of International and Interdisciplinary Studies, The University of Tokyo
1989 M.A. (General Systems Studies - R&D Management), Graduate School of International and Interdisciplinary Studies, The University of Tokyo
1987 B.Sc. (Mathematics), Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo■ Professional Positions
2004~ Associate Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
2001 Senior Research Fellow, National Institute of Science and Technology Policy, 		Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
1998 Research Fellow, National Institute of Science and Technology Policy, Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
1997 Senior Researcher, Institute for Policy Sciences
1994 National Institute Post-doctoral Fellow, National Institute of Science and 		Technology Policy, Science and Technology Agency■ Research Achievements
1. Publications
1.1. Articles and Chapters in Books“Recent Innovation Activity of Private Enterprises in Japan,” Hitotsubashi Business
Review, Vol. 52, No. 3, December 2004, pp. 36-51 (in Japanese)
2. Unpublished Work2.1. Research Reports“The Role of Tertiary Education in Research and Innovation,” Country Background
Report of Japan (OECD Thematic Review of Tertiary Education) 2006, Chapter 5“Statistics on Innovation in Japan – Report on the Japanese National Innovation Survey
2003 (J-NIS 2003),” Research Material No. 110, National Institute of Science andTechnology Policy, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology,
December 2004, (Co-authored with Tomoko Iwasa, Hiroyuki Odagiri, Hidemi Keira,Tadahisa Koga, Akira Goto, Yuji Tawara, Akiya Nagata and Yukihiro Hirano, inJapanese)
2.2. Conference Papers, Presentations“Planning and Implementation of a Statistical Survey on the Innovation Activity:
Methodology for the Japanese National Innovation Survey 2003,” Proceedingsof the 20th Annual Meeting of the Japan Society for Science Policy and Research
Management, pp. 1–4, October 22-23, 2005, Tokyo, National Graduate Institute for
Policy Studies (GRIPS) , (with Tomoko Iwasa, Hiroyuki Odagiri, Tadahisa Koga,
Akira Goto and Akiya Nagata, in Japanese)40

“A Current State of the Japanese Innovation System: An Analysis on the Innovation
Activity by the Private Firms Revealed in the Results of the Japanese National
Innovation Survey 2003,” Proceedings of the 20th Annual Meeting of the Japan
Society for Science Policy and Research Management, pp. 5–8, October 22-23,
2005, Tokyo, GRIPS (with Tomoko Iwasa, Hiroyuki Odagiri, Tadahisa Koga, Akira
Goto and Akiya Nagata, in Japanese)“Shifting Governance Practices and Interactions with Industry: Recent Developments
at Research-intensive Universities in Japan,” presented at the 65th Academy ofManagement (AOM) Annual Meeting, August 5-10, 2005, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A.
“Japanese Science and Technology Policy System and Evaluation,” presented at the R&D
Evaluation Workshop in Japan: Evaluation of Science and Technology Policy System
in Japan – Country Case Study, June 2–3, 2005, Tokyo“Recent Innovation Activity of Private Enterprises in Japan,” IIR “End of Japan?” ProjectWorkshop 2005, January 6–7, 2005, Hawaii“Outline of Innovation Activity of the Whole of Private Firms in Japan,” IIR “End ofJapan?” Project Workshop, September 21–22, 2004, Hakone, Kanagawa, Japan

41

Fumihiko Ikuine■ Education
1998
1995

Master of Economics, The University of Tokyo
B.A. in Economics, The University of Tokyo■ Professional Positions
2006.4~ Lecturer, Bunkyo Gakuin University
2004 Lecturer, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
2003 Researcher, Global Business Research Center■ Research Achievements
1. Publications
1.1. Articles and Chapters in Books(In Japanese)“Organizational Deadweight and its Characteristics: Measurement of Organizational
Deterioration,” Organizational Science, The Academic Association for
Organizational Science, forthcoming 2006 (with Tsuyoshi Numagami, Masaru
Karube, Kazuhiro Tanaka, Minoru Shimamoto and Toshihiko Kato, in Japanese)“Operationalizing Organizational Weight,” Hitotsubashi Review of Commerce andManagement, Vol. 1, No. 1, May 2006, pp. 4-22 (with Tsuyoshi Numagami, Masaru
Karube, Kazuhiro Tanaka, Minoru Shimamoto and Toshihiko Kato, in Japanese)“Organizational Design and “Organizational Deadweight: Overview and its Major
Findings,” in Center for Japanese Business Studies, Hitotsubashi University, ed.,Frontier of Japanese Business Studies, Tokyo: Yuhikaku, March 2006, pp. 3-30
(with Tsuyoshi Numagami, Masaru Karube, Kazuhiro Tanaka, Minoru Shimamoto
and Toshihiko Kato, in Japanese)“The Home Video-game Industry in Japan―The Trap of Series Product Strategy,”
Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 53, No. 3, December 2005, pp. 52-69 (withSeiichiro Yonekura, in Japanese)“Developing the Artificial on Network style,” Akamon Management Review, Vol. 4, No.
2, February 2005, pp. 51-70 (with Hideki Fujita, in Japanese)
1.2. Others(In Japanese)“Software Development of the Network Era” Technology Management Journal,
December 2005, pp. 12-19 (with Hideki Fujita)“The Development of Video Game Software―The Continuous Synchronization with
Users’ Feelings and Sensibility,” Technology Management Journal, April 2005, pp.
12-19“Keyword Commentary: Online Community,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 52, No.
4, March 2005, pp. 192-193

42

2. Unpublished Work2.1. Working Papers(In Japanese)“Key Determinants of Software Development Style in the Network Era: Is Open Source
Enough to Succeed?” IIR Working Paper WP#05-15, June 17, 2005 (with Hideki
Fujita, in Japanese)“Developing the Artificial in Network Style: a Comparison of Packaged Software andOnline Software,” Discussion Paper MMRC-J-21, COE Manufacturing Management
Research Center (MMRC), The University of Tokyo, December 2004 (with Hideki
Fujita, in Japanese)
3. Conference Papers, Presentations“What is the Need for Developing Foreign Markets? ―The Situation of the Foreign
Markets,” The Future of the Contents Business: Organizations, Human Resources
and Business Models, special symposium sponsored by the Japan Society for the
Promotion of Science, March 4, 2005 (moderator of the panel discussion).
“The Change of Technologies and the Adoption of the Contents Provider – The Case ofJapanese Game Software Companies,” presented at Sookmyung Women’s University(South Korea), invited lecture for the Research Institute of Economics and Business
Administration, March 2005
“The Development Style of Online-Software” presented at the Annual Meeting, The
Academic Association for Organizational Science, Japan, June 20, 2004, Universityof Tokyo, Japan (with Hideki Fujita)

43

Masaru Karube■ Education
1998
1995
1993

Doctor of Commerce, Hitotsubashi University
Master of Commerce, Hitotsubashi University
B.A. (Commerce), Hitotsubashi University■ Professional Positions
2002~ Associate Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
1998 Lecturer, Faculty of Business Administration, Tokyo Keizai University■ Research Achievements
1. Publications
1.1. Books
Strategy and Logic of Invisible Assets, Tokyo: Nihon Keizai Shimbun, November 2004
(edited with Hiroyuki Itami, in Japanese)
1.2. Articles and Chapters in Books(In Japanese)“Organizational Deadweight and its Characteristics: Measurement of Organizational
Deterioration,” Organizational Science, The Academic Association for
Organizational Science, forthcoming 2006 (with Tsuyoshi Numagami, Kazuhiro
Tanaka, Minoru Shimamoto, Toshihiko Kato and Fumihiko Ikuine, in Japanese)“Operationalizing Organizational Weight,” Hitotsubashi Review of Commerce andManagement, Vol. 1, No. 1, May 2006, pp. 4-22 (with Tsuyoshi Numagami,
Kazuhiro Tanaka, Minoru Shimamoto, Toshihiko Kato and Fumihiko Ikuine, inJapanese)“Organizational Design and “Organizational Deadweight: Overview and its Major
Findings,” in Center for Japanese Business Studies, Hitotsubashi University, ed.,Frontier of Japanese Business Studies, Tokyo: Yuhikaku, March 2006, pp. 3-30
(with Tsuyoshi Numagami, Kazuhiro Tanaka, Minoru Shimamoto, Toshihiko Katoand Fumihiko Ikuine, in Japanese)“Technological Evolution in the Japanese and US High Performance Computer
Industries: Dynamic Interdependency between Resource Accumulation and Interfirm Rivalries,” in Itami, Hiroyuki, Takahiro Fujimoto, Tetsuji Okazaki, Hideshi Itohand Tsuyoshi Numagami, eds., Readings: The Japanese Corporate System Vol. 3
Strategy and Innovation, Tokyo: Yuhikaku, January 2006, pp. 176-203 (in Japanese)“Business Case Mitsubishi Electric Corp.: Development of Manufacturing Method forHigh-performance Motor with New Core Structure and High Speed/Density CoilWinding,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 53, No. 2, September 2005, pp.
124-144 (with Atsushi Kobayashi, in Japanese)“Business Case Olympus: Ultrasound Endoscopes,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol.
52, No. 4, March 2005, pp. 146-165 (in Japanese)“Competitive Performance of Japanese Firms and Management Agenda,” Hitotsubashi
Business Review, Vol. 52, No. 3, December 2004, pp. 24-35 (in Japanese)44

“Resource and Competition: Two Dynamics,” in Itami, Hiroyuki and Masaru Karube,eds., Strategy and Logic of Invisible Assets, Tokyo: Nihon Keizai Shimbun,
November 2004, Chapter 3, pp. 73-103 (in Japanese)“Inducement and Driving Forces of Resource Accumulation and Utilization,” in Itami,
Hiroyuki and Masaru Karube, eds., Strategy and Logic of Invisible Assets, Tokyo:
Nihon Keizai Shimbun, November 2004, Chapter 4, pp. 104-138 (in Japanese)“Four Economies of Corporate Growth: Scale, Depth, Scope, and Organization,” in Itami,
Hiroyuki and Masaru Karube, eds., Strategy and Logic of Invisible Assets, Tokyo:
Nihon Keizai Shimbun, November 2004, Chapter 9, pp. 276-314 (with Hiroyuki
Itami, in Japanese)
2. Unpublished Work2.1. Research Reports“Changes of Diversification Behaviors and Performance of Japanese Firms in the 1990s,”
a Report to the Economic and Industry Policy Bureau, Ministry of Economy, Tradeand Industry, April 2005, pp. 55-74 (in Japanese)
3. Conference Papers, Presentations“Business Unit Strategy and the Organizational Structure of Japanese Firms,” presented
at the International Conference of the Hitotsubashi COE Program on Knowledge,
Innovation and the Japanese Corporate System, March 14-15, 2005, Tokyo, Japan(with Tsuyoshi Numagami)

45

Sadao Nagaoka■ Education
1990
1980
1975

Ph.D. (Economics), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
M.S. (Management), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
B.E. (Engineering), The University of Tokyo■ Professional Positions
2004~ Director, Institute of Innovation Research,Hitotsubashi University
1997~ Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
1996 Professor, Institute of Business Research, Hitotsubashi University
1992 Professor, Faculty of Economics, Seikei University
1990 Director of the Office for Russia and Eastern Europe, the Ministry of International
Trade and Industry of Japan
1986 Economist, the World Bank (~1990)
1975 The Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Japan (~1992)■ Research Achievements
1. Publications
1.1. Books
Spontaneous Evolution and Rational Design of Economic Institutions, Tokyo: Universityof Tokyo Press, March 2006 (co-edited with Kotaro Suzumura and Masaharu
Hanazaki, in Japanese)
1.2. Articles and Chapters in Books(In English)“The Incidence of Cross-licensing: A Theory and New Evidence on the Firm and Contract
Level Determinants,” Research Policy, forthcoming (with Hyeog Ug Kwon)“Assessing the R&D Management of Firms by Patent Citation: Evidence from the US
Patents,” Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, forthcoming“R&D and Market Value of Japanese Firms in the 1990s,” Journal of the Japanese andInternational Economies, Vol. 20, No. 2, June 2006, pp. 155-176“How Do the Speed, Science Linkage, Focus and New Entry Matter in IT Inventions?,”
in Peeters, Carine, and Bruno Van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie, eds., Economic andManagement Perspectives on Intellectual Property Rights, Palgrave, February 2006,
pp. 171-198“Determinants of the Introduction of Stock Options by Japanese Firms: Analysis
from Incentive and Selection Perspectives,” Journal of Business, Vol. 78, No. 6,
November 2005, pp. 2289-2315“Determinants of High-royalty Contracts and the Impact of Stronger Protection ofIntellectual Property Rights in Japan,” Journal of the Japanese and International
Economies, Vol. 19, No. 2, June 2005, pp. 233-254“Policy Issues in Efficient Collaboration through a Patent Pool,” in Hwang, Tzong-Leh
and Chiyuan Chen, eds., The Future Development of Competition Framework, NY:
Kluwer Law International, October 2004, pp. 147-154
46

“The Consortium Standard and Patent Pools,” The Economic Review, Institute of
Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, Vol. 55, No. 4, October 2004, pp.
345-357 (with Reiko Aoki)(In Japanese)“Cumulative Innovation,” in Suzumura, Kotaro, Sadao Nagaoka and Masaharu Hanazaki,
eds., Spontaneous Evolution and Rational Design of Economic Institutions, Tokyo:
University of Tokyo Press, March 2006, pp. 1-13 (in Japanese)“An Economic Analysis of Employee Invention System,” in Suzumura, Kotaro, Sadao
Nagaoka and Masaharu Hanazaki, eds., Spontaneous Evolution and Rational Designof Economic Institutions, Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, March 2006, Chapter
10, pp. 311-335 (in Japanese)“Do Mergers and Acquisitions Promote Corporate Growth? Transfer vs. Sharing ofControl Right in Japan,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 53, No. 2, September
2005, pp. 32-44 (in Japanese)“R&D Risk and Employee Invention System,” Intellectual Property Management, JapanIntellectual Property Association, Vol. 56, No. 6, May 28, 2004, pp. 885-896 (inJapanese)
1.3. Others“Globalization of Market and International Cooperation of Competition Policy,” ESP,
Economic Planning Association, No. 464, May 2004, pp. 19-23 (in Japanese)
2. Unpublished Work2.1. Working Papers(In English)“Acquisitions and Use of Patents: A Theory and New Evidence from the Japanese Firm
Level Data,” IIR Working Paper WP#05-14, May 2005 (with Yoichiro Nishimura)“Patent Quality, Cumulative Innovation and Market Value: Evidence from Japanese Firm
Level Panel Data,” IIR Working Paper WP#05-06, February 2005
“Coalition Formation for a Consortium Standard through a Standard Body and a Patent
Pool: Theory and Evidence from MPEG2, DVD and 3G,” IIR Working Paper
WP#05-01, February 2005 (with Reiko Aoki)
2.2. Research Reports“Patent Protection of Upstream Inventions,” Japan Patent Office, March 2006 (Research
Project Leader: Sadao Nagaoka, in Japanese)“Technical Standards and Competition Policy,” Fair Trade Commission (FTC)
Competition Policy Research Center, October 2005 (Research Project Leader: Sadao
Nagaoka, in Japanese)“Emergence and Structural Characteristics of Essential Patents of Technical Standards,”
Japan Patent Office, March 2005 (Research Project Leader: Sadao Nagaoka, inJapanese)47

3. Conference Papers, Presentations“The Structure and the Evolution of Essential Patents for Standards: Lessons from three
IT Standards,” presented at the International J.A. Schumpeter Society 11th ISS
Conference on Innovation, Competition and Growth: Schumpeterian Perspectives,
June 21-24, 2006, Nice-Sophia-Antipolis (with Tomoyuki Shimbo and Naotoshi
Tsukada)“An Empirical Analysis of Patenting and Licensing Practices of Research Tools fromThree Perspectives,” presented at the Conference on Research Use of Patented
Inventions, organized by the Spanish National Research Council, the Spanish Patent
and Trademark Office and the OECD, May 18-19, 2006, Madrid“Reform and Challenges of IPR Protection in Japan,” presented at the International
Symposium on 21st Century Innovation Systems for Japan and the United States:
Lessons form a Decade of Change, organized by the National Institute of Scienceand Technology Policy, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology, Japan and the Board of Science, Technology, and Economic Policy, U.S.
National Academies, in collaboration with IIR, January 10-11, 2006, Tokyo“Efficient Appropriation of R&D Investments and the Exhaustion Principle,” presented at
the International Workshop on the Exhaustion of Intellectual Property Rights, June
26, 2005, IIR, Tokyo“Patent Quality, Cumulative Innovation and Market Value: Evidence from JapaneseFirm Level Panel Data,” presented at the International Workshop on IT Innovation,
December 13-14, 2004, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo“Assessing the R&D Management of Firms by Patent Citation: Evidence from the
US Patents,” presented at the Conference on Innovation and Intellectual Property:
Economic & Managerial Perspectives (Applied Econometrics Association), July 16,
2004, INSEAD, Singapore; presented at the Annual Meeting of Japanese Economic
Association, September 26, 2004, Okayama University, Japan“Unilateral vs. Cross Licensing: How Do Firm Characteristics Affect Licensing
Decisions?,” presented at the Far Eastern Econometric Society, June 2004, Korea(with Hyeog Ug Kwon)“R&D and Market Value: Appropriability vs. Preemption,” presented at the 2004
International Schumpeter Society Conference on Innovation, Industrial Dynamics
and Structural Transformation: Schumpeterian Legacies, June 2004, Universita
Bocconi, Italy“Determinants of High-royalty Contracts and the Impact of Stronger Protection ofIntellectual Property Rights in Japan,” presented at the Conference on International
Economic Relations and Structural Change: Issues and Policy Options for Japanand the United States, organized by the University of Michigan and Hitotsubashi
University, May 2004, Michigan

48

Toshihiro Nishiguchi■ Education
1990
1981
1977

D.Phil. (Sociology), University of Oxford
M.Sc., Imperial College, University of London
B.A., Waseda University■ Professional Positions
2004 Visiting Scholar, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for International
Fall Studies
2003 Visiting Senior Research Scholar, University of Maryland, School of Public
Sum Affairs, Center for Public Policy and Private Enterprise2002 Visiting Senior Research Scholar, University of Maryland, School of Public
Sum Affairs, Center for Public Policy and Private Enterprise2001 Academic Visitor, University of Cambridge, The Judge Institute of ManagementSum
1997~ Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
1994 Associate Professor, Institute of Business Research, Hitotsubashi University
1991 Assistant Professor, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania
1990~ Post-Doctoral Fellow, INSEAD (European Institute of Business Administration)
1986 Research Fellow, International Motor Vehicle Program, Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology (~1989)■ Research Achievements
1. Publications
1.1. Articles and Chapters in Books(In Japanese)“Comparisons of Small-firm Networks in Japan, China, and the United Kingdom: From
the Standpoint of ‘Small-world’ Organizations,” in Kikkawa, Takeo and the JTUC
(Japanese Trade Union Confederation) Research Institute for Advanced Living
Standards (JTUC-RIALS), eds., Economic Recovery from the Regions: Industrial
Concentration, Innovation, and Job Creation, Tokyo: Yuhikaku, 2005, Chapter 6, pp.
159-189 (lead author, with Motoko Tsujita, in Japanese)“The Frontiers of Business in China,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 52, No. 4,
March 2005, pp. 4-5 (in Japanese)“The Prosperity of Wenzhou and 'Small-world' Networks,” Hitotsubashi Business Review,Vol. 52, No. 4, March 2005, pp. 22-38 (lead author, with Motoko Tsujita, and Dan
Xiu, in Japanese)“The Rapid Growth and Globalization of Chinese Electronics Companies: A Study ofHaier,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 52, No. 4, March 2005, pp. 54-71 (leadauthor, with Tomohumi Amano and Changxiang Zhao, in Japanese)“Netcentric Strategies,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 52, No. 1, June 2004, pp.
48-63 (in Japanese)491.2. Others(In Japanese)“A New Organizational Theory of Small Worlds (1)-(8),” Yasashii Keizaigaku, Nihon
Keizai Shimbun, July 26-30 and August 2-4, 2004, p. 21, p. 27, p, 29, p,27, p. 31, p.
20, p. 25, p. 29“A View Point: The Ideas of Smart-practice Government,” Jurist, No. 1268, June 1, 2004,
pp. 2-4“Keys to the Rapid Development of Wenzhou, China: Networks Beyond the Daily
Routine,” Keizai Kyoshitu, Nihon Keizai Shimbun, April 21, 2004, p.29
2. Conference Papers, Presentations“Technological Change and Rewiring Firm Networks: The Case of the Mobile Internet
in Japan,” presented at the 2005 Strategic Management Society (SMS) Annual
International Conference, October 25, 2005, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. (with Jeffrey
Funk)“It’s a Small World After All: Network Theory, Japanese Business, and Industrial
Networks,” presented at the 65th Academy of Management (AOM) Annual Meeting,“A New Vision of Management in the 21st Century,” Visual Presentation in the
Organization and Management Theory (OMT) Division, August 9, 2005, Honolulu,
Hawaii, U.S.A. (lead author, with Jonathan Brookfield)“Integrated Project Teams as Small-world Hubs in Defense Acquisition: Can Japan Catch
Up?,” presented at Social Science Research Council (New York), Abe Fellowship
Program, January 15, 2005, Fellows’ Retreat, Amelia Island, Florida, U.S.A.
“From Equipment to Capabilities: The Rise of Integrated Project Teams in Defense
Acquisition—An Update,” presented at the Third MIT-IIR ‘End of Japan?’ Project
Conference, January 6, 2005, Hawaii

50

Akira Takeishi■ Education
1998
1990
1982

 h.D. (Management), Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute ofP
Technology
M.C. (Management), Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology
B.A. (International Relations), The University of Tokyo■ Professional Positions
2003~ Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
1998 Associate Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
1982 Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc. (~1994)■ Research Achievements
1. Publications
1.1. Articles and Chapters in Books(In English)“Mobile Innovation and the Music Business in Japan: The Case of Ringing Tone Melody(“Chaku-Mero”),” in Barnes, Stuart and Eusebio Scornavacca, eds., Unwired
Business: Cases in Mobile Business, Hershey: IRM Press, 2006, pp. 1-13 (withKyoung-Joo Lee)
“Case Study Shimano: Market Creation Through Component Integration,” in Herstatt,
Cornelius, Christoph Stockstrom, Hugo Tschirky and Akio Nagahira, eds.,
Management of Technology and Innovation in Japan, Berlin: Springer, 2006, pp.
29-48 (with Yaichi Aoshima)“(Editorial) The Future is UNWIRED: Organizational and Strategic Perspectives,”
Journal of Strategic Information Systems,” Vol. 14, No. 3, September 2005, pp.
243-244 (with Sirkka Jarvenpaa and Bertil Thorngren)“Mobile Music Business in Japan and Korea: Copyright Management Institutions asa Reverse Salient,” Journal of Strategic Information Systems, Vol. 14, No. 3,
September 2005, pp. 291-306 (with Kyoung-Joo Lee)
(In Japanese)“The Timing of Technological Innovation: The Case of Automotive Emission Control
in the 1970s” Organizational Science, forthcoming (with Ying Zhu and Seiichiro
Yonekura, in Japanese)“Seiko Epson: Development of a Quartz Watch Having an Automatic Generating
System,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, forthcoming (with Masafumi Kanayama
and Tatsuya Mizuno, in Japanese)“Knowledge Management in the Inter-firm Division of Labor,” in Itami, Hiroyuki,
Takahiro Fujimoto, Tetsuji Okazaki, Hideshi Itoh and Tsuyoshi Numagami, eds.,
Readings: The Japanese Corporate System Vol. 1 Organization and Coordination,
Tokyo: Yuhikaku, May 2006, pp. 243-272 (in Japanese)51

“Thinking through the Architecture,” in Itami, Hiroyuki, Takahiro Fujimoto, Tetsuji
Okazaki, Hideshi Itoh and Tsuyoshi Numagami, eds., Readings: The JapaneseCorporate System Vol. 3 Strategy and Innovation, Tokyo: Yuhikaku, January 2006,
pp. 206-240 (with Yaichi Aoshima, in Japanese)“Mobile Music Business in Japan and Korea,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 53,
No. 3, December 2005, pp. 70-87 (with Kyoung-Joo Lee, in Japanese)“Music Business and Technological Innovation: The Evolution as a Large Technological
System,” Akamon Management Review, Vol. 4, No. 7, July 2005, pp. 324-329 (inJapanese)“Kao Corporation: Development of Concentrated Power Detergent ‘ATTACK’,”
Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 53, No. 1, June 2005, pp. 102-121 (withMasatoshi Fujiwara, in Japanese)“Digitalization and the Evolution of Music Business: Interactions of Technology,
Business, and Music,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 52, No. 1, June 2004, pp.
78-94 (in Japanese)
2. Unpublished Work2.1. Working Papers(In English)“The Timing of Technological Innovation: The Case of Automotive Emission Control in
the 1970s” IIR Working Paper WP#06-05, May 2006 (with Ying Zhu and Seiichiro
Yonekura; Japanese version, WP#05-17, July 2005)“Business Ecosystem and Reverse Salient: The Development of the Mobile Music
Business in Japan and Korea,” IIR Working Paper WP#06-03, February 2006 (withKyoung-Joo Lee)
“Divergent Paths of Mobile Innovation: Development of Mobile Music Businesses inJapan and Korea,” IIR Working Paper WP#05-10, April 2005 (with Kyoung-Joo Lee)
(In Japanese)“Matsushita: Development and Commercialization of Low-Current-Consumption
Miniaturized GaAs Power Modules for Mobile Communication Systems,” IIR Case
Study CASE#06-1, March 2006 (with Youngjae Koh, Kenichi Furukawa and Hideaki
Kohzu, in Japanese)“Seiko Epson: Development of a Quartz Watch Having an Automatic Generating
System,” IIR Case Study CASE#05-12, July 2005 (with Masafumi Kanayama andTatsuya Mizuno, in Japanese)“Teaching Note on MOTV1: The Century of Innovation: American History, and MOTV2:The Century of Innovation: Technology and Society,” February 2005 (in Japanese)“Toyo Seikan Group: Development of TULC Can,” IIR Case Study, CASE#04-12,
September 2004 (with Yang-Joong Yun, in Japanese)“The Music Business and Digitalization: Interactions of Technology, Business, andMusic,” IIR Working Paper WP#04-09, May 2004 (in Japanese)523. Conference Papers, Presentations“The Timing of Technological Innovation: The Case of Automotive Emission Control
in the 1970s,” presented at the International J.A. Schumpeter Society 11th ISS
Conference on Innovation, Competition and Growth: Schumpeterian Perspectives,
June 21-24, 2006, Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, France (with Ying Zhu and Seiichiro
Yonekura)“Reasons for Innovation: Legitimization under Uncertainty in the Cases of OkochiAward Winners” presented at National Conference of the Academic Association for
Organizational Science, June 10-11, 2006, Tokyo, Japan (with Masaru Karube andYaichi Aoshima, in Japanese)“Business Ecosystem and Reverse Salient,” presented at Helsinki Mobility Roundtable,
May 31-June 2, 2006, Helsinki, Finland (with Kyoung-Joo Lee)
“Structural Changes in the Japanese Supplier System,” presented at IMVP-IPS Asia
Pacific Forum, October 2005, Seoul, Korea“Structural Changes in the Japanese Supplier System,” presented at IMVP-MMRC Asia
Pacific Forum, October 2005, Tokyo, Japan“Structural Changes in the Japanese Supplier System,” MIT International Motor Vehicle
Annual Meeting, June 2005, Pennsylvania University, USA“Have Japanese Firms Really Revived? Preliminary Findings from ‘The End of Japan?’
Project,” presented at the International Conference of the Hitotsubashi COE Programon “Knowledge, Innovation, and the Japanese Corporate System,” March 2005,
Tokyo, Japan53

Seiichiro Yonekura■ Education
1990
1981
1979
1977

Ph.D. (History), Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
M.A. (Japanese Business History), Faculty of Social Studies, Hitotsubashi University
B.A. (Japanese Economic History), Faculty of Economics, Hitotsubashi University
B.A. (Japanese History), Faculty of Social Studies, Hitotsubashi University■ Professional Positions
2004 Visiting Professor, Institute du Management Bouygues, HEC, (France)Spr2003 Co-president, Institute of Strategy, Sony Corporation (~2004)
2003 Visiting Professor, Institute du Management Bouygues, HEC (France)Spr2001 J.A. Valentine Visiting Professor, Department of Marketing, University of Otago
Fall (New Zealand)
1999 Director, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University (~2001)
1997~ Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
1995 Professor, Institute of Business Research, Hitotsubashi University
1992 Core Faculty of Global Leadership Program at the University of Michigan(An Executive Program for Action Learning) (~1995)
1988 Associate Professor, Institute of Business Research, Hitotsubashi University
1984 Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Research, Hitotsubashi University
1982 Senior Research Assistant, Institute of Business Research, Hitotsubashi University■ Research Achievements
1. Publications
1.1 Books(In Japanese)
How to Run a Business: This Is the Kigyo!.com,, Tokyo: NTT Publishing, February 2006
(with Susumu Fujita, in Japanese)
Leadership in the Post-charismatic Leadership, Tokyo: NTT Publishing, June 2005 (inJapanese)
A Case Book: The Japanese Start-ups, edited, Tokyo: Yuhikaku, May 2005 (in Japanese)
The Rule for Success Has Changed, Tokyo: Kigyoka Network, May 2005 (with Akira
Nakamura, in Japanese)
Strategy and Structure Follow You, Tokyo: Chuokoron-shinsha, 2004 (in Japanese)
1.2 Articles and Chapters in Books(In English)“Innovative Multinational Forms: Japan as a Case Study,” in Chandler, Alfred D., andBruce Mazlish, eds., Leviathans: Multinational Corporations and the New Global
History, Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. 105-131 (with Sara McKinney)54

“'Beat IBM,' Entrepreneurial Bureaucracy: A Contradiction in Terms?,” Richard Coopey,ed., Information Technology Policy, NY: Oxford University Press, 2004, pp. 121-143(In Japanese)“The Timing of Technological Innovation: The Case of Automotive Emission Control in
the 1970s” Organizational Science, forthcoming (with Ying Zhu and Akira Takeishi,
in Japanese)“Institutional Setting and Innovation,” Keizai-Shirin (The Hosei University Economic
Review), Vol. 73, No. 4, March 2006, pp. 381-406 (with Osamu Suzuki, in Japanese)“The Home Video-game Industry in Japan—The Trap of Series Product Strategy,”
Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 53, No. 3, December 2005, pp. 52-69 (withFumihiko Ikuine, in Japanese)“To Learn the Japanese Start-ups,” in Yonekura, Seiichiro, ed., A Case Book: The
Japanese Start-ups, Tokyo: Yuhikaku, May 2005, Introduction, pp. 2-10 (inJapanese)
2. Unpublished Work
2.1 Working Papers"The Timing of Technological Innovation: The Case of Automotive Emission Control
in the 1970s" IIR Working Paper WP#06-05, May 2006 (with Ying Zhu and Akira
Takeishi; Japanese version, WP#05-17, July 2005)
3. Conference Papers, Presentations“The Timing of Technological Innovation: the Case of Automotive Emission Control
in the 1970s,” presented at the International J.A. Schumpeter Society 11th ISS
Conference on Innovation, Competition and Growth: Schumpeterian Perspectives,
June 21-24, 2006, Nice-Sophia-Antipolis (with Ying Zhu and Akira Takeishi)“Japan Cool: The Emergence of the Japanese Game Software Industry,” presented at
EBHA-2004 Conference, European Business History Association, September 16-18,
2004, Barcelona, Spain55

II. Researchers

2. Visiting Researcher — Apr. 2004 ~ Mar. 2006
Shuozo Fujimura■ Education
1993
1978

Ph.D., Chiba University
B.Sc., Chiba University■ Current and Previous Positions
2005~ Professor, Graduate School of Innovation Management, Tokyo Institute of 		Technology
2002~ Visiting Professor of the Hiroshi Fujiwara Endowed Chair in Venture
Finance, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotusbashi University
1998~ ANNEAL Corporation
1978 Fujitsu, Ltd.

56

II. Researchers

3. Foreign Visiting Researchers — Apr. 2004 ~ Mar. 2006
Yunshi Mao
Professor and Director, Research Center for Enterprise and Market,
Shongshan University (China)
3 Ocober 2005 - 28 December 2005

Taohua Ouyang
Associate Professor, Business School, Renmin University of China
1 July 2005 - 30 September 2005

Peter Ganea
Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law (Germany)
1 April 2005 - 30 June 2005

Xielin Liu
Research Fellow and Professor,
National Center for Science and Technology for Development, China
1 January 2005 - 31 March 2005

Patrick Reinmöller
Associate Professor, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasumus University
1 October 2004 - 31 December 2004

Jun-Ho Bae
Associate Professor, School of International Studies, Hanshin University (Korea)
1 April 2004 - 30 September 2004

57

58

III. Education

59III. Education

1. Courses Given by the IIR Faculty Members — Apr. 2004 ~ Mar. 2006
Fiscal Year
2004

2005

KarubeAoshimaNishiguchi
Funk
Yonekura
Ijichi
Nagaoka
Chuma
IkuineBae /Reinmöller

TakeishiKarubeNishiguchi
Funk
Yonekura
Ijichi
Nagaoka
Chuma
IkuineNagaoka /Ganea / Chuma /Mao

Nagaoka
Yonekura
AoshimaTakeishiFujimura
Karube*Funk
Fujimura

Nagaoka
Yonekura

Graduate School of Commerce and Management
Master’s and Doctoral Program
Courses provided by the Innovation kozas

Innovation Management
Innovation and Corporate Strategy
Interorganizational Relations
Information Networks
History of Technology and Entrepreneurs
Innovation, the Firm and Institution
Innovation, Industrial and Economic GrowthInnovation and Skill Accumulation System
Special Lecture: Development of the Contents
Special Lectures (including those by the IIR Visiting Professors)

MBA Program

Economics of the Firm and Industry
Managerial Leadership and Philosophy
Organization Theory
Technology Strategy
Venture FinanceJapanese Economy and Industry
Internet Strategy
Workshop: Technology and Innovation
Workshop: Strategy
Workshop: Industry

Nagaoka /IjichiWorkshop: Innovation

TakeishiFujimura
Karube*Funk
Ikuine*Nagaoka /Ijichi
Fujimura

Senior Executive Program

Diplomacy: Negotiation Game
Strategy: Case Study

KarubeAoshima

KarubeIIR Faculty
Members

IIR Faculty
Members

Chuma /
Nagaoka /Ijichi*

Chuma /
Nagaoka /Ijichi*

Undergraduate Program in the Faculty of Commerce and Management

Special Lecture: Innovation Management
Graduate School of Economics
Master’s and Doctoral Program
Workshop: Industry and Labor

Note: * indicates a joint lecture with other faculty member(s) than those in the IIR.

60

III. Education

2. The IIR Library
The IIR library has collected basic resources for research on private firms since the days of its predecessor,
the Institute of Business Research (IBR), and offers its services to researchers and students inside andoutside the university. The library has 90,495 books (Japanese, 72,858; Foreign, 17,637) and 846 magazines(Japanese, 598; Foreign, 248) as of April 2006.
The most distinctive characteristic of the IIR Libray is that it has large collections of financial statements,
company histories, and biographies and profiles of top executives. The collection of company histories
includes 8,298 books (Japanese, 6,796; Foreign, 1,502), and biographies and profiles of top executives,
6,693 books (Japanese, 6,042; Foreign, 651) as of April 2006. Upon the reorganization from the IBR to
the IIR, the libary has made some changes in the types of books and magazines it has been available. Morespecifically, it has increased the number of books on innovation research, almanacs and resources on the
hi-tech industry, and magazines of technology management.

61

62

IV. Research Results / Publications

63

IV. Research Results / Publications

1. Hitotsubashi Business Review — Apr. 2004 ~ Mar. 2006
To publish the findings of its research activities, the IIR issues a quarterly journal, called the Hitotsubashi
Business Review (in Japanese). The raionale in editing the journal is to promote the theoretical and empirical
study of innovation in a social and economic context. The editorial board comprises professors from several
universities and company advisors, as well as IIR professors.

■ Contents

Title of Special Issues
Vol.53 No.4

“Strategies for Escaping from Commoditization”

Vol.53 No.3

“Content Businesses of Japan”

Vol.53 No.2

“Management of M&A and Corporate Restructuring”

Vol.53 No.1

“The Start-ups of Japan “

Vol.52 No.4

“The Frontiers of Business in China”

Vol.52 No.3

“Re-examining Our Competitiveness: Have Japanese Firms Really Revived?”

Vol.52 No.2

“Top Management in Japanese Corporations”

Vol.52 No.1

“Digital Competition”

Featured Papers

64

Issue

Vol. / No.

Mar.
2006

Vol.53
No.4

Title

Author(s)“Invisible Dimensions of Competitive Differentiation: Strategies for De-commoditization”

Ken Kusunoki(Associate Professor, Graduate School ofInternational Corporate Strategy, Hitotsubashi University)“De-Commoditization and New Industry Creation”

Jeffrey L. Funk(Professor, IIR)

“Solving the Growth Equation”

Scott Anthony(Partner, Innosight, LLC)

“Dual Nature of Modular Products”

Masaki Ueno
(Lecturer, Research Institute of Economics& Business Administration, Kobe University)“Marketing toward Decommoditization”

Yoshinori Fujikawa(Lecturer, Graduate School of International
Corporate Strategy, Hitotsubashi University)

Featured Papers (continued)
Issue

Vol. / No.

Dec.
2005

Vol.53
No.3

Sep.
2005

Vol.53
No.2

Title

Author(s)“Perspectives of the Japanese Content Industry
and the Government's Policy”

Shuhei Kishimoto(Visiting Professor, Japanese Institute of
Global Communications, International
University of Japan)“‘The Dark Side’” in Japanese Film Industry”

Masaru Yamashita(Associate Professor, Faculty of Business,
Aoyama Gakuin University)“Publishers and Editors as Gatekeepers”

Ikuya Sato
(Professor, Graduate School of Commerceand Management, Hitotsubashi University)“The Home Video-Game Industry in Japan:
The Trap of Series Product Strategy”

Seiichiro Yonekura/Fumihiko Ikuine(Professor, IIR; Lecturer, IIR)

“Mobile Music Business in Japan and Korea”

Akira Takeishi/Kyoung-Joo Lee(Professor, IIR; Researcher, IIR)

“Strategy-as-Phronesis”

Ikujiro Nonaka/Ryoko Toyama(Professor, Graduate School of International
Corporate Strategy, Hitotsubashi University; Associate Professor, Japan Advanced
Science and Technology, Hokuriku)“The Value of M&A Activity to Enhance Organi- Daniel Arturo Heller/Takahiro Fujimoto/
Glenn Mercer
zational Learning”(Professor, International Graduate Schoolof Social Sciences, Yokohama National
Univerisity; Professor, Graduate School of
Economics, University of Tokyo; Senior
Practice Expert, McKinsey Company)“M&A as Tools for Corporate Turnaround Management”

Ryuji Yasuda(Professor, Graduate School of International Corporate Strategy, Hitotsubashi
University)“Do Mergers and Acquisitions Promote Corporate Growth?: Transfer vs. Sharing of Control
Right in Japan”

Sadao Nagaoka(Professor, IIR)“Do Foreign Shareholders Change JapaneseFirms?”

Shigeru Asaba(Professor, Faculty of Economics, Gakushuin University)“Desirable System for M&A in Japan”

Noriyuki Yanagawa(Associate Professor, Graduate School of
Economics, University of Tokyo)“Recent Trends in Japanese Merger Enforcement”

Nobru Kawahama(Professor, Graduate School of Law, Kyoto
University)

65Featured Papers (continued)
Issue

Vol. / No.

Jun.
2005

Vol.53
No.1

Title

Author(s)“The Contemporary Venture Business”

Tadao Kiyonari(Academic Advisor, Hosei University）“Trend of Start-ups in Japan”

Shingo Igarashi(Associate Professor, Venture BusinessLaboratory, Kyushu University）“The Industrial Policy on Promotion and Facilita- Norihiko Ishiguro(Director, Minister’s Secretariat, Ministrytion for New Business”
of Economy, Trade and Industry）

Mar.
2005

Vol.52
No.4“Creating Business Organization to Stimulate
New Industries: Japanese LLPs & LLCs Offer
Incentives to Human Capital Providers”

Zenichi Shishido/Yoshiaki Ishii(Professor, Seikei Law School; Deputy
Director, Economic and Industrial Policy
Bureau, Ministry of Economy, Trade andIndustry）“What Is Required to Be an Effective Venture
Capitalist”

Yoshito Hori
(President, Globis Corporation）“What Should Japan Learn from the Entry of Tai- Mitsuhiro Seki
(Professor, Graduate School of Commercewanese IT Firms into China?”and Management, Hitotsubashi University)“The Prosperity of Wenzhou and “Small-world” Toshihiro Nishiguchi/Motoko Tsujita/Dan
Xiu
Network”(Professor, IIR; Lecturer, Faculty of Business Administration, Shizuoka Sangyo
University; Doctoral Course at Graduate
School of Economics, Hitotsubashi University)“Labor Management within China’s Socio-Eco- Kenichi Yasumuro(Professor, Faculty of Business Adminisnomic Conditions”
trtaion, University of Hyogo)“The Rapid Growth and Globalization of Chinese Toshihiro Nishiguchi/Tomofumi Amano/
Changxiang Zhao
Electronics Companies: A Study of Haier”(Professor, IIR; Associate Professor, Faculty of Business Administration, Hosei
University; Doctoral Course at Graduate
School of Economics, Hitotsubashi University)“The Role of FDI and Technological Transfer in Jianting Fan(Associate Professor, School of Internathe Chinese Economy”
tional Business Administration, Shanghai
University of Finance & Economics)

66

Featured Papers (continued)
Issue

Vol. / No.

Dec.
2004

Vol.52
No.3

Title

Author(s)“Japan’s Long-term Recession in 1990’s: Fall of Kazuyuki Motohashi(Associate Professor, Research Center for
Industrial Competitiveness?”
Advanced Science and Technology, The
University of Tokyo)“Competitive Performance of Japanese Firms and Masaru Karube(Associate Professor, IIR)Management Agenda”“Recent Innovation Activity of Private Enterprises in Japan”

Tomohiro Ijichi(Associate Professor, IIR/Affiliated Fellow, National Institute of Science andTechnology Policy)“The Rise and Fall of Japanese Quality Manage- Yutaka Kato
(Professor, Graduate School of Business
ment”
Administration, Kobe University)“Increasing Complexity and Limit of Organization in Japanese Science-based Industry: Basedon the Case of Microlithography Industry”

Hiroyuki Chuma(Professor, IIR/Affiliated Senior Fellow,
National Institute of Science and Technology Policy/Faculty Fellow, ResearchInstitute of Economy, Trade and Industry)“Building Competitive Advantage through Global Tomofumi Amano/Hiroyuki Kato
Strategies―Leveraging Location Advantage in (Associate Professor, Faculty of Business
Administration, Hosei University; DoctorEast Asia in Hard Disk Drive Industry”
al Course at Graduate School of Economics, The University of Tokyo)

Sep.
2004

Vol.52
No.2“Excellent Top Managers”

Hiroyuki Itami(Professor, Graduate School of Commerceand Management, Hitotsubashi University)“Roles and Missions of Top Management”

Uichiro Niwa
(President, ITOCHU Corporation)“Profiles of Top Executives in Postwar JapaneseCompanies”

Kazuhiro Tanaka/Motohiro Morishima(Associate Professor; Professor, Graduate
School of Commerce and Management,
Hitotsubashi University)“Diffusion of Professional Managers in Prewar Tetsuji Okazaki
Japanese Cotton Spinning Industry: Determinants (Professor, Graduate School of Economics, The University of Tokyo)
and Implications”“Designing Executive Tracks”

Kazuhiro Mishina(Associate Professor, Graduate School ofBusiness Administration, Kobe University)“The Knowledge-based Theory of the Firm:
Toward the Dynamic Evolution of the Strategic
Management”

Ikujiro Nonaka/Ryoko Toyama/Noboru
Konno(Professor, Graduate School of International Corporate Strategy, Hitotsubashi
University; Associate Professor, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Hokuriku; President, Column, Inc.)

67

Featured Papers (continued)
Issue

Vol. / No.

Jun.
2004

Vol.52
No.1

Title

Author(s)“What Does It Take to Be a Platform Leader:
Some Recent Lessons from Palm and NTT DoCoMo”

Annabelle Gawer/Michael A. Cusumano(Associate Professor, INSEAD; Professor,
Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Insitute of Technology)“Causes and Lessons from the Internet Bubble”

Stanely J. Liebowitz(Professor, School of Management, University of Texas at Dallas)“RFID: Connecting the Real World to the Net”

Jiro Kokuryo(Professor, Faculty of Environmental Information, Keio University )“Netcentric Strategies”

Toshihiro Nishiguchi(Professor, IIR)

“Capitalizing on Japan’s Lead in the Mobile
Internet”

Jeffrey L. Funk(Professor, IIR)

“Digitalization and the Evolution of Music Busi- Akira Takeishi
ness: Interactions of Technology, Business, and (Professor, IIR)
Music”

Columns68

IssueVol./No.

Title

AuthorMar.
2006

Vol.53
No.4

MONODUKURI and Philosophy (4):For the 21st Century

Takahiro Fujimoto(Professor, Graduate School of Economics,
The University of Tokyo)

Dec.
2005

Vol.53
No.3

MONODUKURI and Philosophy (3):Four Factors

Takahiro Fujimoto

Sep.
2005

Vol.53
No.2

MONODUKURI and Philosophy (2):The Origin of Matters

Takahiro Fujimoto

Jun.
2005

Vol.53
No.1

MONODUKURI and Philosophy (1):
An Aristotle in Takaoka Factory

Takahiro Fujimoto

Mar..
2005

Vol.52
No.4

Techniques of Strategic Thinking (4):An Illusion about “Standoff Strategists”

Tsuyoshi Numagami(Professor, Graduate School of Commerceand Management, Hitotsubashi University)

Dec.
2004

Vol.52
No.3

Techniques of Strategic Thinking (3):Managing Both Good and Bad Cycles

Tsuyoshi Numagam

Sep.
2004

Vol.52
No.2

Techniques of Strategic Thinking (2):A Pitfall of Time-series Development

Tsuyoshi Numagami

Jun.
2004

Vol.52
No.1

Techniques of Strategic Thinking (1):Thinking Methods for Strategy

Tsuyoshi Numagami

Serials
IssueVol./No.

Title

Author(s)Mar. 2006

Vol.53 No.4

Porter Prize 2005

Emi Osono(Associate Professor, Graduate Schoolof International Corporate Strategy,
Hitotsubashi University)

Mar. 2005

Vol.52 No.4

Porter Prize 2004

Emi OsonoDec. 2004Mar. 2006

Vol.52 No.3Vol.53 No.4

Management of Decision Making(1)-(6)

Katsuhiko Nagase(Professor, Faculty of Urban Liberal Arts/
Business School, Tokyo Metropolitan
University)

Jun.. 2005

Vol.53 No.1

Branding in China: Part6

Toshiyuki Yahagi(Professor, The Research Institute of
Innovation Management, Hosei University)

Mar. 2005

Vol.52 No.4

Branding in China: Part5

Yuko Yamashita(Associate Professor, Graduate School ofCommerce and Management, Hitotsubashi
University)

Dec. 2004

Vol.52 No.3

Branding in China: Part4

Taotao Bi(Associate Professor, Faculty of Economics,
Keiai University)

Sep. 2004

Vol.52 No.2

Branding in China: Part3

Chunji Jin/Icihro Furukawa(Doctoral Course at Graduate School ofCommerce and Management, Hitotsubashi
University; Professor, Graduate School ofCommerce and Management, Hitotsubashi
University)

Jun. 2004

Vol.52 No.1

Branding in China: Part2

Takeshi Matsui(Associate Professor, Graduate School ofCommerce and Management, Hitotsubashi
University)

Jun. 2004

Vol.52 No.1

An Invitation to Strategic Finance (6) Makoto Nakano/Toyohiko Hachiya(Associate Professor, Graduate Schoolof International Corporate Strategy,
Hitotsubashi University; Associate
Professor, Graduate School of Decision
Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute ofTechnology)

Business Cases
Issue

Vol./No.

Mar.
2006

Vol.53
No.4

Title

Author(s)PHOENIX Electric Co., Ltd

Hiroyuki Kurihara/Yoshio Ono(Felissimo Corporation; Lecturer, Facultyof Economics, Shiga University)

Southwest Airlines Co.

Hiroshi Shimizu(Doctoral Course, London School of
Economics)

69

Business Cases (continued)
IssueVol./No.

Dec.
2005

Vol.53
No.3

Sep.
2005

Jun.
2005

Mar.
2005

Dec.
2004

Sep.
2004

70

Vol.53
No.2

Vol.53
No.1

Vol.52
No.4

Vol.52
No.3

Vol.52
No.2

Title

Author(s)Ricoh Company, Ltd.

Yoko Ishikura(Professor, Graduate School of International
Corporate Strategy, Hitotsubashi
University)

Terumo Corporation

Yaichi Aoshima(Associate Professor, IIR)

JFE

Nobumichi Hattori(Associate Professor, Graduate Schoolof International Corporate Strategy,
Hitotsubashi University)

Mitsubishi Electric Corporation

Masaru Karube/Atsushi Kobayashi(Associate Professor, IIR; MBA Course
at Graduate School of Commerce andManagement, Hitotsubashi University)

Koito Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

Tomofumi Amano(Associate Professor, Faculty of Business
Administration, Hosei University)

Kao Corporation

Masatoshi Fujiwara/Akira Takeishi(Lecturer, Faculty of Business
Administration, Kyoto Sangyo University;
Professor, IIR)

Kansai Super Market

Manabu Mizuno(Lecturer, Faculty of Management
Information, Hannan University)

Toray Industries, Inc.

Yaichi Aoshima/Takeo Kasai(Associate Professor, IIR; Doctoral Course
at Graduate School of Commerce andManagement, Hitotsubashi University)

Olympus Corporation

Masaru Karube/Miho Imori(Associate Professor, IIR; Master’s Course
at Graduate School of Commerce andManagement, Hitotsubashi University)

Gulliver International Co., Ltd.

Ken Kusunoki/Akira Yoshida(Associate Professor, Graduate Schoolof International Corporate Strategy,
Hitotsubashi University; Sompo Japan
Insurance Inc.)

NihonAim Co., Ltd.

Takuya Ishizaki(Researcher, IIR)

Shiki Theatre Company

Yoko Ishikura(Professor, Graduate School of International
Corporate Strategy, Hitotsubashi
University)

Toshiba Corporation

Masaaki Sakamoto(Master’s Course at Graduate School ofCommerce and Management, Hitotsubashi
University)

Business Cases (continued)
IssueVol./No.

Jun.
2004

Vol.52
No.1

Title

Author(s)L’ORÉAL International

Yuko Yamashita/Makoto Kitamura(Associate Professor, Graduate School ofCommerce and Management, Hitotsubashi
University; Doctoral Course at Graduate
School of Commerce and Management,
Hitotsubashi University)

House Foods Corp.

Sachiko Ito/Yaichi Aoshima(Master’s Course at Graduate School ofCommerce and Management, Hitotsubashi
University; Associate Professor, IIR)

Commentaries on Key Words
IssueVol./No.

Title

AuthorMar.
2006

Vol.53
No.4

Information Security

Shuji Kawaguchi(Senior Researcher, Mitsubishi ResearchInstitute)

Dec.
2005

Vol.53
No.3

Internal Control

Nobuyuki Maeyama(Associate Professor, Faculty of Business
Administration, Yokohama National
University)

Sep.
2005

Vol.53
No.2

Business Continuity

Tomohisa Sashida(Senior Researcher, Tokio Marine &Nichido Risk Consulting Co., Ltd.)

Jun.
2005

Vol.53
No.1

Accounting for Impairment Assets

Kenji Kawashima(Lecturer, Faculty of Commerceand Economics, Chiba University ofCommerce)

Mar.
2005

Vol.52
No.4

Online Community

Fumihiko Ikuine(Lecturer, IIR)

Dec.
2004

Vol.52
No.3

Stock Option

Keisuke Takeguchi(Associate Professor, Department of
Economics, Hosei University)

Sep.
2004

Vol.52
No.2

Risk Management

Noriyoshi Yanase(Lecturer, Faculty of Business
Administration, Tokyo Keizai University)

Jun.
2004

Vol.52
No.1

Corporate Social Responsibility

Kanji Tanimoto(Professor, Graduate School of Commerceand Management, Hitotsubashi University)71Management Forum
Issue

Vol./No.

Interviewee

Interviewer(s)

Mar.
2006

Vol.53
No.4

Yukio Fujimaki(President, SEVEN & i Life Design Institute)

Seiichiro Yonekura

Dec..
2005

Vol.53
No.3

Shigeo Maruyama(President, 247 Music, Inc.)

Seiichiro Yonekura/
Akira Takeishi

Sep.
2005

Vol.53
No.2

Yoshiaki Murakami(President, M&A Consulting, Inc.)

Seiichiro Yonekura

Jun.
2005

Vol.53
No.1

Masahiro Origuchi(Chairman, The Goodwill Group, Inc.)

Seiichiro Yonekura

Mar.
2005

Vol.52
No.4

Shigenobu Nagamori(Representative Director and President, NIDEC Corporation)

Seiichiro Yonekura

Dec.
2004

Vol.52
No.3

Tadashi Yanai(Representative Director, Chairman and CEO, Fast Retailing Co.,Ltd.)

Seiichiro Yonekura

Sep.
2004

Vol.52
No.2

Hiroshi Rinno(President, Credit Saison Co., Ltd.)

Seiichiro Yonekura

Jun.
2004

Vol.52
No.1

Hiroshi Mikitani(Representative Director, Chairman and President, Rakuten, Inc.)

Seiichiro Yonekura

Reviewed Articles
Issue

Vol./No.

Tilte

Author(s)

Dec.
2005

Vol.53
No.3“Optional Structure of Social Network for the
Growth of Regional Economy: Comparative
Analysis of Four Regional Clusters Based on
Small-World Networks Theory”

Mar.
2005

Vo.52
No.4

“Focus vs. Balance in Technology Development: Neil Clymer/Shigeru Asaba
An Empirical Analysis of Patent Data in the Ink- (Doctoral Course at Graduate Schoolof Management, Gakushuin University;
jet Printer Industry”

Ichiro Sakata/Naoki Shibata/Takuya
Kojima/Yuya Kajikawa/Katsumori
Matsushima(School of Engineering, University ofTokyo)

Professor, Faculty of Economics,
Gakushuin University)

Jun.
2004

72

Vol.52
No.1“First-Mover Advantages versus Follower Advantages in Innovative Industries:An Empirical
Study of the Japanese Appliances Market”

Hiromi Osa/Hiroyuki Odagiri(Yaesu Dori Branch, Mizuho Bank , Ltd.;
Professor, Graduate School of Economics,
Hitotsubashi University)

IV. Research Results / Publications

2. Working Papers — Apr. 2004 ~ Mar. 2006
.

Title

Author(s)WP#06-06 Mar. 2006 “Paradigm Shift and Stagnant Innovation in Semiconductor Indus- Tetsuo Shindo
try: The Essence of Fuddling NEC in View of Strategic Thinking”(in Japanese)
WP#06-03 Feb. 2006 “Business Ecosystem and Reverse Salient: The Development of
the Mobile Music Business in Japan and Korea”

Akira Takeishi/Kyoung-Joo Lee

WP#06-02 Feb. 2006 “Exhaustion of IP Rights: Reflections from Economic Theory”

Peter Ganea

WP#06-01 Jan. 2006 “Modular of Product Development in Chinese Manufacturing — A Taohua Ouyang
Case Study of Haier” (in Japanese)
WP#05-24 Oct. 2005 “Advanced Technology and Competitive Strategy (2) — A Case of Masaaki Sakamoto
Rechargeable Battery” (in Japanese)
WP#05-23 Oct. 2005 “Diffusion of 3D-CAD and Its Impact on Product Development
Processes: A comparison Between Japanese and Chinese Companies”

Yaichi Aoshima/
Yoko Takeda/Kentaro Nobeoka/Shiguo
Li

WP#05-19 Jul. 2005 “Transfer of R&D Workers and their Technological Performance” Yaichi Aoshima(in Japanese)
Tomohiro Ijichi
WP#05-18 Jul. 2005 “Shifting Gorvernance Practices and Interactions with Industry:
Recent Developments at Research-intensive Universities in Japan”

WP#05-17 Jul. 2005 “The Timing of Technological Innovation:The Case of Automotive Ying Zhu/Akira
Takeishi/Seiichiro
Emission Control in the 1970s” (in Japanese)
Yonekura

WP#05-16 Jul. 2005 “Advanced Technology and Competitive Strategy (1) — A Case of Masaaki Sakamoto
Rechargeable Battery” (in Japanese)
WP#05-15 Jun. 2005 “Key Determinants of Software Development Style in Network
Era: Is Open Source Enough to Succeed ?”Fumihiko Ikuine/
Hideki Fujita

WP#05-14 Jun. 2005 “Acquisitions and Use of Patents: A Theory and New Evidence
from the Japanese Firm Level Data”

Sadao Nagaoka/Yoichiro Nishimura

WP#05-10 Apr. 2005 “Divergent Paths of Mobile Innovation: Development of Mobile
Music Businesses in Japan and Korea”

Akira Takeishi/Kyoung-Joo Lee

WP#05-09 Mar. 2005 “China’s Development Model: An Alternative Strategy for Techno- Xielin Liu
logical Catch-Up”
WP#05-08 Dec. 2004 “Does File Sharing Reduce Music CD Sales?: A Case of Japan

Tatsuo Tanaka

WP#05-07 Dec. 2004 The Economic Impacts of ICT – A European Perspective”

Dirk Pilat

WP#05-06 Feb. 2005 “Patent Quality, Cumulative Innovation and Market Value: Evidence from Japanese Firm Level Panel Data”

Sadao Nagaoka

WP#05-05 Dec. 2004 “Moore’s Law and the Economics of Leading Edge Semiconductors”

Kenneth Flamm

WP#05-04 Dec. 2004 “Antitrust Analysis of US, EU, and Japanese Microsoft Cases:
How to Regulate Abusive Conduct by a Holder of Dominant
Platform Software”

Toshiaki Takigawa

WP#05-03 Dec. 2004 “Creative Destruction in the PC Industry”

Timothy Bresnahan73

(continued)

Title
WP#05-02 Dec. 2004 “Emergence of Essential Patents in Technical Standards: Implications of the Continuation and Divisional Application Systems andthe Written Description Requirement”

Author(s)Masayoshi Omachi

WP#05-01 Feb. 2005 “Coalition Formation for a Consortium Standard Through a Stan- Reiko Aoki/Sadao
dard Body and a Patent Pool: Theory and Evidence from MPEG2, Nagaoka
DVD and 3G”
WP#04-15 Dec. 2004 “Offshoring RDB: Opportunities for Design and Brand Management”

Patrick Reinmöller

WP#04-14 Dec. 2004 “The Influence of Foreign Ownership on the Performance of Japa- K.C.
O’Shaughnessy/
nese Firms (and vice versa)”

Patrick Reinmöller/
Maarten Wensveen

WP#04-13 Dec. 2004 “Design and Corporate Performance in Japan”

Patrick Reinmöller

WP#04-12 Jul. 2004 “Technological Structure and R&D in Semiconductor Industry” (in Shuzo Fujimura
Japanese)74

WP#04-10 May 2004 “Assessing the R&D Management of Firms by Patent Citation:
Evidence from the US Patents”

Sadao Nagaoka

WP#04-09 May 2004 “Music Business and Digitalization: Interactions of Technology,
Business, and Music” (in Japanese)

Akira Takeishi

WP#04-08 Apr. 2004 “Japan's Long-term Recession in 1990's: Fall of Industrial Competitveness?”

Kazuyuki Motohashi

WP#04-07 Apr. 2004 “R&D Risk and Employee Invention System” (in Japanese)

Sadao Nagaoka

WP#04-06 Apr. 2004 “VLSI Revisited-Revival in Japan”

Jon Sigurdson

WP#04-05 Apr. 2004 “The Sony-Ericsson Endeavour”

Jon Sigurdson

IV. Research Results / Publications

3. Case Studies — Apr. 2004 ~ Mar. 2006
(In Japanese)

Title
CASE#06-01 Mar. 2006 “Matsushita: Development and Commercialization of LowCurrent-Consumption Miniaturized GaAs Power Modules for
Mobile Communication Systems”

Author(s)Akira Takeishi/
Youngjae Koh/
Kenichi Furukawa/
Hideaki Kohzu

CASE#05-13 Oct. 2005 “Trecenti Technologies: Development of New 300mm Semicon- Ken Kitazawa/Masashi Inoue/Yaichi
ductor Manufacturing Systems”
Aoshima

CASE#05-12 Jul. 2005 “Seiko Epson: Development of a Quartz Watch Having an
Automatic Generating System”

AkiraTakeishi/Masafumi Kanayama/
Tatsuya Mizuno

CASE#05-11 Jul. 2005 “Development and Commercialization of HDTV Plasma Displays”

Hiroki Nato

CASE#05-10 Mar. 2005 “Tohoku Pioneer: Development and Mass Production for ThinLayer Emitting Organic EL Display”

Masaaki Sakamoto

CASE#05-08 Feb. 2005 “Kyocera: Temperature Compensating Quarts Oscillator”(revised)

Youngjae Koh

CASE#05-07 Feb. 2005 “Rechargeable Battery Industry” (revised)

Masaaki Sakamoto

CASE#05-06 Feb. 2005 “Yamaha (II): Mobile Ringing Tone Melody (‘chaku-mero’)”Koichiro Kodama

CASE#05-05 Feb. 2005 “Yamaha (I): Electric Sound Source”

Koichiro Kodama

CASE#05-04 Feb. 2005 “Toray (II): Business Stsrategy of Carbon Fibers ‘Trayca’”

Yaichi Aoshima/
Takeo Kasai

CASE#05-03 Feb. 2005 “Toray (I): Technological Development of Carbon Fibers ‘Tray- Yaichi Aoshima/
Takeo Kasai
ca’”
CASE#05-02 Feb. 2005 “Terumo (II): Catheter”

Yaichi Aoshima/
Keisuke Miyamoto

CASE#05-01 Feb. 2005 “Terumo (I): Innovation Process of Organization”

Yaichi Aoshima/
Keisuke Miyamoto

CASE#04-15 Nov. 2004 “Mitsubishi Electric Corporation: Development of Manufactur- Masaru Karube/Ating Method for High-performance Motor with New Core Struc- sushi Kobayashi
ture and High Speed/Density Coil Winding”
CASE#04-14 Oct. 2004 “Olympus' Development of Ultrasound Endoscopes”

Masaru Karube/
Miho Imori

CASE#04-13 Oct. 2004 “Kao Corporation: Development of Concentrated Power Deter- Masatoshi Fujiwara/
Akira Takeishi
gent ‘ATTACK”’
CASE#04-12 Sep. 2004 “Toyo Seikan: Development of TULC (Toyo Ultimate Can)”

Yang-Joong Yun/
Akira Takeishi

75

IV. Research Results / Publications

4. IIR Innovation Video Library
IIR has been developing visual materials for education in management of technology and innovation. IIR Video
Library has been opened to lend out these materials. The Library currently consists of two series: (1) MOTV "TheCentury of Innovation" and (2) MOT Video Case.

■ MOTV

1. “The Century of Innovation: American History”(1) “The Telephone.” Simon & Goodman Picture Company/WGBH, Boston, 1997 (51minutes)(2) “Empire of the Air: The Men Who Made Radio.” Florentine Film/WETA, Washington, 1991 (55 minutes/58 minutes)(3) “Wizard of Photography.” Green Light Productions/WGBH, Boston, 2000 (52 minutes)(4) “Transistorized!” ScienCentral/KTCA, 1999 (57minutes)(5) “Silicon Valley: 2001.” Santa Clara Valley Historical Association/OPB, Oregon, 2000 (55 minutes)(6) “Triumph of the Nerds.” RM Associates/Channel 4 & OPB, Oregon, 1996 (51minutes /51minutes/51minutes)(7) “Nerds 2.0.1.: A Brief History of the Internet.” OPB, Oregon, 1998 (61minutes /61minutes /63 minutes)(8) “Electric Money.” RM Associates/OPB, Oregon, 2001 (57minutes /58 minutes)(9) “Merchants of Cool.” 10-20 Productions/WGBH, Boston, 2001 (54 minutes)     2. “The Century of Innovation: Technology and Society”(10) “Edison’s Miracle of Light,” PBS/WGBH, 1995 (57 minutes)(11) “The Pill,” PBS/WGBH, 2002 (53 minutes)(12) “The Rise and Fall of GM,” Channel Four Television Corporation, 2000 (79 minutes)(13) “The Murdochs: Building an Empire,” Australia ABC, 2002 (57 minutes)■ MOT Video Case

(1) “Fuji Electric Retail Systems” (53 minutes)(2) “Nihon Kaiheiki Industries” (15 minutes)(3) “Toray Dow Corning Silicon” (25 minutes)(4) “Toray: Torayca” (34 minutes)(5) “Terumo: Catheter” (54 minutes)(6) “IRI-Ubiteq: Value Creation through Technology Recombination ” (32 minutes)(7) “AnGes MG: Academic Spun-off” (34 minutes)76

V. Internal Review

77

V. Internal Review

Publication of Hitotsubashi University Institute of Innovation
Research Internal Review Report (Self-Evaluation Report +External Review Reports) (in Japanese)
Institute of Innovation Research (IIR) conducted a review by inviting external reviewers as well as a selfevaluation, and published the report (in Japanese) on February 2006. This report is comprised of a “selfevaluation” report prepared by the IIR and “external review reports” conducted individually by external
reviewers based on the results of the “self-evaluation” and the interviews with the IIR staff, including thesite visits.
The purpose of this review was to examine all activities and systems involved in the research, education,social action conducted and offered by the IIR, and then to have valuable advices and suggestions for
improvement and further development, as the IIR’s tenth anniversary of the establishment was approachingin FY2006.
The external reviewers and the Internal Review Administration Committee members are as listed below.
The external reviewers were from both inside and outside the academic community so that the IIR can beevaluated from academic and social perspectives.

■ External Reviewers (alphabetical order, major positions)Shigeru Asaba		

Professor, Faculty of Economics, Gakushuin University

Michael A. Cusumano Professor, Sloan School of Management, Massatchusetts Institute of Technology

78

Hiroshi Fukino
						President and CEO, Fukino Consulting, Ltd. / Corporate Advisor, Dell, Inc./
Member of the Executive Board, Josui-Kai (alumnai association of Hitotsubashi
University)

Masahiro Hashimoto			Director, Service Industries Division, Commerce and Information Policy Bureau,
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry / Visiting Professor, Waseda University

Kenichi Imai					Senior Fellow, Emeritus, Stanford University / Emeritus Professor of Hitotsubashi
University

Takenori Inoki					Professor, International Research Center for Japanese Studies, National Institutes
for the Humanities

Masayasu Ishida						Professor, Master of Intellectual Property, Management of Science and 		Technology, Tokyo University of Science / Executive Advisor, Toppan Printing
Co., Ltd.

Motoshige Itoh

Professor, Graduate School of Economics, The University of Tokyo

Akiya Nagata		
			

Associate Professor, Department of Business and Technology Management, 		Graduate School of Economics, Kyushu University

Kentaro Nobeoka			Buruno Van
Pottelsberghe			Professor, Research Institute for Economics and Business Administration, Kobe
University
Associate Professor, Solvay S.A. Chair of Innovation, Solvay Business School,
Université Libre de Bruxelles / Chief Economist, the European Patent Office■ Members of the Internal Review Administration Committee
Chair
Member

Seiichiro Yonekura
Sadao Nagaoka
Hideshi Itoh		
Tomohiro Ijichi
Yaichi Aoshima
Masaru Karube

Professor, IIR
Director and Professor, IIR
Professor, Graduate School of Commerce and Management
Associate Professor, IIR
Associate Professor, IIR
Associate Professor, IIR

79‘The new combinations appear discontinuously, then the phenomenon
characterising development emerges.’            Joseph A. Schumpeter
The Theory of Economic Development

Institute of Innovation Research
Hitotsubashi University
2-1 Naka, Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8603, Japan
Tel: +81-(0) 425-80-8411
	   Fax: +81-(0) 425-80-8410
http://www.iir.hit-u.ac.jp

59

ANNUAL REPORT2004 2005