ANNUAL REPORT2006 2007

ANNUAL REPORTFY2006 - FY2007

00ANNUAL REPORT FY2006 － FY2007
INDEX

About IIR
I. Research Activitiesi011) Innovation Research Forum

022) Joint Research Projects

063) International Conferences

204) Endowed Chair

31

II. Researchers

33

1) Full-time Rsearchers342) Visiting Researcher

583) Foreign Visiting Researchers

59

III. Education

611) Courses Given by the IIR Faculty Members

622) The IIR Library

63

IV. Research Results / Publications

65

1) Hitotsubashi Business Review

662) Working Papers

743) Case Studies754) IIR Innovatin Video Library76

About IIR‘To become a world-class of excellence for research in social processes of innovation’ ― The Instituteof Innovation Research (IIR) was established at Hitotsubashi University to achieve this aim in April
1997, as the result of the reorganization of the Institute of Business Research, whose main pursuit had
been the theoretical and empirical analysis of business, society and management.
It is indispensable for a populous country with poor natural resources like Japan to generate innovation.
The importance of innovation has considerably increased since 1990s when growth by catching up with
Western competitors was no longer possible. At that time, however, we had only little understandingof how innovation was generated. Innovation was an agenda in the realm of technical development.
People did not pay sufficient attention to the long, social process for turning technological invention
into industrial development. Innovation is a complex social phenomenon in which economic, political,
organizational, historical and legislative factors are correlated with each other. In order to clarify thisprocess, there needed to be places for interdisciplinary, systematic research where people from various
fields of social science could work together utilizing the knowledge of natural science. This is how the
IIR was established as an interdisciplinary research institute concentrating on the innovation process.
Missions
The first mission of the IIR is to study the innovation generation process systematically andempirically, understanding innovation as something to bring about economic value, and to contributeto the improvement of theoretical and practical knowledge. The role of the IIR also encompasses theclarification of social and economical impacts of innovation.
The second mission is to build a bridge between theory and practice on innovation. Since innovation
is “living phenomenon,” one needs to be deeply involved in the front line of practice and understandspecific problems happening there. In order to achieve the ultimate objective of facilitating innovation,
there should be certain mechanisms for applying theoretical knowledge to the front line of innovation.
In this sense, the IIR has to play an important role in linking theory and practice.
The third mission is to be an open research center which serves as a place for knowledge fusions
between researchers from different countries. As the importance of innovation is and will be growing
in East Asian countries, promoting interactions with researchers from these countries is very importantfor Japan in contributing to the development of this region. Thus, the IIR's missions also include theaccumulation of qualitative and quantitative information on Japanese innovation.
Research Areas
In order to pursue its mission of studying the innovation process systematically and empirically, theactivities of IIR have covered the following areas of research since its establishment.
“Research on Technological Innovation” and “Research on Management Innovation” are the areas inwhich factors facilitating innovation such as technology, organizations and management methods arebeing studied. “Research on Entrepreneurs” analyzes the personal characteristics of entrepreneurs as
innovation initiators in order to go deep into the realities of innovation. “Research on Social Networks”
explores how networks of private firms, universities, individuals, and other entities and parties affectinnovation.
“Business History Research” and “Technology History Research” look at the above areas of empiricalresearch from a broader perspective, understand their historical contexts, and trace the development
processes of innovation over time. “Research on Institutions for Innovation” focuses on clarifying
the influences of accounting and legal systems (such as those about intellectual property rights) on
innovation.
“Research on Knowledge Management” synthesizes and attempts to understand all these empiricalareas of research from a broader, theoretical perspective. Finally, “International Comparative Research”
involves comparison, demonstration and analysis on an international scale.

We believe that our research at the IIR offers an important opportunity to foster creativity andinnovation in Japan in order to bring about transformation and development in business organizations
and the economy. We wish to create a world-class, international research institute where people from allover the world can conduct research together.

ii

I. Research Activities

I. Research Activities

1. Innovation Research Forum — Apr. 2006 ~ Mar. 2008
The following is the list of lectures given as part of the Innovation Research Forum during 2006-2007
academic year:Mar. 27, 2008

Akira Takeishi
Professor, IIR“Boundaries of Innovation”

Mar. 19, 2008

Tomoyuki Shimbo
Junior Research Fellow, IIR“Technology Imports and Firm Performance: A Case of Petrochemical Industry”

Mar. 19, 2008

Xiaomei Zhang
Junior Research Fellow, IIR“The Current Situation and Issues of Banking in Hangzhou and Wenzhou”

Mar. 19, 2008

Yoko Furusawa
Research Associate, IIR“A Case Study by Endowed Chair: How are Technology Start-ups Set up in Japan?”Jan. 24, 2008

Hiroshi Shimizu
Post Doctoral Fellow, Department of Technology Management, Eindhoven University ofTechnology“Competition, Knowledge Spillover, and Innovation: Technological Development of
Semiconductor Lasers, 1960-1990”

Jan. 24, 2008

Makoto Nirei
Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Carleton University“Firms Dynamics under Strategic Complementarity”

Dec. 12, 2007

Suphawan Srisophaolarn
Associate Professor, Kasetsart University (Thailand)/Visiting Associate Professor, IIR“Innovation in the Service Sector: A Theoretical Framework and the Case Study of theJapanese Service Firms”

Dec. 05, 2007

Xiaomei Zhang
Junior Research Fellow, IIR“The Current Situation and Issues of Banking in Hangzhou and Wenzhou”

Dec. 05, 2007

Tomoyuki Shimbo
Junior Research Fellow, IIR“Technology Imports and Firm Performance: A Case of Petrochemical Industry”

Nov. 28, 2007

Cornelius Herstatt
Professor, Institute for Technology and Innovation Management, Hamburg University ofTechnology“Product Development for the Silver Markets”

Nov. 26, 2007

Jean-François Bellis
Senior Partner, Van Bael & Bellis“The EU Antitrust Case on Microsoft: A View from the Microsoft Attorney”

Nov. 22, 2007

Sebastien Lechevalier
Associate Professor, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Science Sociales / Researcher of Maison
Franco-Japonaise“The Effect of Government Consortia on the R&D Productivity of Firms: A Case Study of
Robot Technology in Japan”

Jul. 25, 2007

Sea-Jin Chang
Professor, Korea University / Visiting Professor, Institute of Economic Research, 		Hitotsubashi University“Sony and Samsung: Portraits of Two Global Competitors”

Jun. 19, 2007

Florian Kohlbacher
German Institute for Japanese Studies“Fostering Innovation through Knowledge Co-creation in the Business Ecosystem”

Jun. 05, 2007

Aaron Schiff and Reiko Aoki
Postdoctoral Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Professor, Institute of
Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University“Licensing and Intellectual Property Clearinghouse”

May 24, 2007

Jinyoung Kim
Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Korea University“The Influence of University Research on Industrial Innovation”

May 10, 2007

Tadashi Nakamura and Norihisa Hasegawa
Honorary Chairman, Noritake Itron Corporation; Managing Director, Noritake Itron 		Corporation“Development of Vacuum Fluorescent Displays at Noritake Itron Corporation”(COE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)

Apr. 25, 2007

Annie Garanto
Associate Professor, University of Paris X / Visiting Associate Professor, IIR“The Innovative Boundaries of the Firm within the Institutional Context: The Case of theJapanese Biopharmaceutical Industry”

Apr. 12, 2007

Hiroshi Kobayashi
Toray Industries, Inc.
“Development of High Performance Color Filter in Liquid Crystal Display for Mobile
Phone by Polyimide System”(COE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)

Feb. 28, 2007

Makoto Kitamura
Junior Research Fellow, IIR“Institutionalizing the Use of ‘Surrogate Consumer’: Its Influence on Consumers’ Decision
Making”

Feb. 28, 2007

Ng Shuk Yee Sally
Junior Research Fellow, IIR“‘Car Town’ in Huadu District, Guanzhou: Its Formation and Influence on the Smaller
Peripheral Cities and Towns”



Jan. 26, 2007

Minoru Usui
Director, General Administrative Manager, Production Engineering & Development 		
Division, Seiko Epson Corporation“Development of an Ink Jet Printer that Produces High Resolution Text and Pictorial 		
Images”(COE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)

Dec. 22, 2006

Takeshi Nomura
Senior Vice President, TDK Corporation“Development of Highly Reliable Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors with Ni Electrode”(COE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)

Nov. 14, 2006

Iain Cockburn
School of Management, Boston University“Entry, Exit and Patenting in the Software Industry”

Sep. 27, 2006

Fumikazu Itoh
General Manager, Production Engineering Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd.
“Development of Direct On-chip Wiring Formation System for LSIs”(COE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)

Sep. 12, 2006

Akiyasu Okuno and Keiichi MoriManager, Electric Energy Storage Solution Group, R&D Center, The Tokyo Electric Power
Co., Inc.; Assistant Manager, NAS Development Department, NAS Battery Business, NGK
Insulators, Ltd.
“Development and Commercial Viability of the Sodium-sulfur Battery for Electric Energy
Storage”(COE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)

Jul. 26, 2006

Ng Shuk Yee Sally
Junior Research Fellow, IIR“Verification of the Ownership Structure of 150 State-owned Enterprises in China”

Jul. 26, 2006

Franz Waldenberger
Professor, University of Munich / Visiting Professor, IIR“Governmental Regulations as a Risk Factor in International Business”

Jul. 19, 2006

Nathalie Cavasin
Visiting Researcher, Global Information and Telecommunication Institute, Waseda 		
University“Innovation in Optical Lenses”

Jul. 13, 2006

Kojiro Ozu and Yukiharu Takahashi
Former Manager of Intellectual Property Division, Toshiba Corporation; Former Auditor,
Toshiba Microelectronics Corporation“The Development of Microcomputer System and its LSI Family”(COE Research Project on Okochi Prize Cases)

Jun. 28, 2006

Makoto Kitamura
Junior Research Fellow, IIR“‘Beauty Journalist’ as a Myth: An Institutionalized Process of a Surrogate Consumer inJapanese Cosmetic Industry”

Apr. 30, 2006

Akira Takeishi and Masaru Karube
Professor, IIR; Associate Professor, IIR“Reasons for Innovation: Legitimacy under Uncertainty in the Case of Okochi Memorial
Prize Winners”

Apr. 26, 2006

Hwy-Chang Moon
Professor, Seoul National University / Visiting Professor, IIR“How to Enhance Business Cooperation between Korea and Japan”

I. Research Activities

2. Joint Research Projects — Apr. 2006 ~ Mar. 2008
At the IIR, we have the advantage of a team of researchers covering many areas of scholarship to carry out
joint research into themes that have not previously been touched upon. The following are the joint research
projects that researchers engaged in during the 2006-2007 academic year.
(* = Project Leader, or Coordinator)■ Project on Networks and Japanese Management

1. Outline of Research
Emphasizing network topology in relation to superior performance, small-world network theory has
opened a new horizon for organization theory and social sciences. We intend to conduct path-finding
research on interorganizational relations by seeking appropriate ways to operationalize small-world
network theory.
2. Time Period
FY1997-present
3. Members
Toshihiro Nishiguchi*, Jonathan Brookfield (The Fletcher School, Tufts University)
4. Research Outputs during FY2006-FY2007(1) Nishiguchi, Toshihiro, Global Neighborhoods: Strategies of Successful Organizational Networks,
Tokyo: NTT Publishing, 2007, 486 pages (in Japanese)■ Mobile Innovation Research Program (MIRP)

1. Outline of ResearchThis research program was carried out for 7 years from 2001 to 2007 with two objectives. One was toprovide knowledge and perspectives valuable for practitioners and policymakers by conducting empiricalresearch on the mobile communication market, industry, and business. The other was to build an
infrastructure to support researchers and graduate students for their mobile innovation research in Japan.
With financial support from Japanese corporations (NTT DoCoMo, KDDI, J-Phone, NEC, andFujitsu), participating researchers inside and outside Hitotsubashi University individually carried out
empirical studies of the mobile communication market, industry, and business. Also, the programprovided opportunities to facilitate communications and collaborations among researchers by organizing aseries of international research meetings, Mobility Roundtables, around the world (see below).
Research outcomes include papers, thesis, and books published by participating researchers andgraduate students. One example is the Special Issue “The Future is UNWIRED: Organizational andStrategic Perspectives” on Journal of Strategic Information Systems, Vol. 14, 2005, which collected
papers presented at the Austin Mobility Roundtable. Furthermore, this program was given DoCoMo
Mobile Science Award in 2005 from Mobile Communication Fund in 2006 for its contribution to mobile
innovation research.
Additional information can be found at http://www.iir.hit-u.ac.jp/iir-w3/reserch/ mobile.html.
2. Time Period
FY2001-FY2007
3. Members
Akira Takeishi*, Seiichiro Yonekura, Jeffrey Funk, Taro Kamioka (Associate Professor, Graduate
School of Commerce and Management, Hitotsubashi University), Yoko Takeda (Associate Professor,
Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University), Tatsuo
Tanaka (Associate Professor, Faculty of Economics, Keio University), Masanori Yasumoto (Associate
Professor, Faculty of Economics, Shinshu University / Visiting Scholar, The Wharton School, Universityof Pennsylvania), Masatoshi Fujiwara (Graduate School of Commerce and Management, Hitotsubashi
University), Koji Ikari (Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National
University), Kyoung-Joo Lee (Graduate School of Commerce and Management, Hitotsubashi University),
Yang-Joong Yun (Graduate School of Commerce and Management, Hitotsubashi University), Young-Jae
Koh (Graduate School of Commerce and Management, Hitotsubashi University)                                                                                             (positions and organizations are at the time of participation)
4. Research Activities and Outputs during FY2006-FY2007
Participating researchers carried out their research individually, and the program assisted in organizing
Helsinki and Los Angeles Mobility Roundtables.

Mobility Roundtable
A series of Mobility Roundtables had been set up and organized by this program and other institutions
overseas, including University of Texas, Stockholm School of Economics, Helsinki School of Economics
and Business Administration, and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology: in Tokyo, May
2002; in Stockholm, May 2003; in Austin (US), March 2004; in Hong Kong, June 2005; in Helsinki, June
2006; in Los Angeles, June 2007. See the following URLs for more details of these roundtables:
1. Tokyo Mobile Roundtable: http://www.iir.hit-u.ac.jp/reserch/tmrt_e.html
2. Stockholm Roundtable: http://web.hhs.se/cic/about/roundtable.htm
3. Austin Mobility Roundtable: http://www.mccombs.utexas.edu/events/roundtable/
4. Hong Kong Mobility Roundtable: http://www.hongkongmobility.ust.hk/
5. Helsinki Mobility Roundtable: http://project.hkkk.fi/helsinkimobility/
6. Los Angeles Global Mobility Roundtable: http://www.marshall.usc.edu/ctm/research/

Mobile Roundtable Organizing Committee
Per Andersson
Center for Communication andInformation Research
Stockholm School of Economics,
SwedenTimo Saarinen
Institute of Electronics Commerce
Helsinki School of Economics andBusiness Administration,
FinlandMagnus Boman
Swedish Institute of Computer
ScienceRoyal Institute of Technology,
SwedenAkira Takeishi
Institute of Innovation Research
Hitotsubashi University, Japan(Mobile Innovation Research Program)

Sirkka Jarvenpaa
Center for Business, Technology, andLaw
University of Texas at Austin, U.S.A.

Bertil Thorngren
Center for Communication and Information
Research
Stockholm School of Economics, Sweden

Jeffrey FunkInstitute of Innovation Research
Hitotsubashi University, Japan(Mobile Innovation Research Program)

Virpi Tuunainen
Institute of Electronics Commerce
Helsinki School of Economics andBusiness Administration, Finland

Karl Reiner Lang
Hong Kong University of Scienceand Technology,
Hong Kong

Seiichiro YonekuraInstitute of Innovation Research
Hitotsubashi University, Japan(Mobile Innovation Research Program)                                                                                          (positions and organizations are at the time of participation)■ MOT Case/Video Case Project

1. Outline of Research
One of IIR’s missions is to build a case database describing innovation processes in Japanese companies.
Based on this recognition, we started to develop cases and video cases in 2003. The project also provides
an important contribution to rapidly growing Management of Technology (MOT) educational programsin Japan. Since an innovation process tends to involve technological contents unfamiliar to non-technicalpersons, this project attempted to create professional movies to provide supplemental visual information.
Under the auspices of Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), the project produced ten
cases and three video cases in 2003, six cases and two video cases in 2004, and two video cases in 2005,
and two cases and one video case in 2006. Video cases were created in collaboration with a professional
video producer.
2. Time Period
FY2002-FY2006
3. Members
Yaichi Aoshima*, Shuzo Fujimura, Akira Takeishi, Seiichiro Yonekura, Masaru Karube
4. Outputs in FY2006
Two cases and one video case are as listed below.
Text (in Japanese)(1) Sonny: FeliCa (A) Issues in Business Incubation and Technological Development(2) Sonny: FeliCa (B) Business Model Development
DVD(1) Sonny: Contactless IC Card Technology ‘FeliCa’ (60 minutes)

■ COE Semiconductor Forum

1. Outline of Research
The purpose of this project is to analyze the economic and management related reasons that theinternational competitiveness of the semiconductor (particularly devices and equipment) manufacturingindustry has been rapidly declining since the late 1990s. It also aims at finding ways of overcomingthat decline. The major point of difference separating this research from conventional studies is thatthe current research does not stop at a mere sociological analysis, but also seeks to delve into thetechnological aspects that have characterized the semiconductor manufacturing industry. At the same time,
we analyze the characteristics of each era in the industry with proper attention to the innovation phases.
More concretely, by including in the project’s membership not just the researchers and collaborators of
this project’s department, but people who have extensive knowledge of semiconductor development anddesign, and equipment and process development, we conduct a style of research similar to improvisational
jazz, i.e. having the researchers from both fields work responsively with respect to each other.
The analytical methodology comprises, inter alia: 1) information gathering through interviews
with various scientists and engineers who have played important roles in the semiconductor industry;2) organizing and analyzing existing data from an integrated perspective; 3) the creation and analysis of
new data and materials based on published papers, patent data, etc. In addition, we plan to carry out aquestionnaire survey and examination with a more generalized approach in order to verify the validityof knowledge gathered from analyses based on these methods. The project is included as a part ofHitotsubashi University’s 21st century COE programs, entitled “Dynamics of the enterprise, knowledge,
and the innovation.”
2. Time Period
FY2003-FY2007
3. Members
Hiroyuki Chuma*, Yaichi Aoshima, Shuzo Fujimura
4. Research Activities and Outputs during FY2006-FY2007
Publications and Papers(1) Chuma, Hiroyuki and Norikazu Hashimoto, “Moore’s Law, Increasing Complexity, and the Limitsof Organization: The Modern Significance of Japanese Chipmakers’ DRAM Business,” RIETI
Discussion Paper 08-E-001, Reseach Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry, January 2008
(2) Chuma, Hiroyuki and Norikazu Hashimoto, “Why Did Japanese Chipmakers Fail in their DRAM
Business?: Verification of Root Causes (1) (2),” Nikkei Microdevices, (1) March 2007, pp. 41-47; (2)April 2007, pp. 43-50 (in Japanese)(3) Chuma, Hiroyuki and Norikazu Hashimoto, “Complexity and Limits of Organization Induced by
Moore’s Law: Modern Significance of Up-and-down in DRAM Business,” Hitotsubashi Business
Review, Vol. 54, No. 4, March 2007, pp. 22-45 (in Japanese)(4) Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Search for the Factors of Weakening Competitiveness in Japanese Semiconductor
Manufacturing Systems: From the View Point of Papert’s Principle,” Cognitive Science, Journal ofJapanese Cognitive Science Society, Vol. 14, No. 1, March 2007, pp. 39-59 (in Japanese)(5) Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Increasing Complexity and Limits of Organization in the Microlithography
Industry: Implications for Science-based Industries,” Research Policy, Vol. 35, No.3, April 2006, pp.
394-41110

Presentations(1) Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Moore’s Law, Increasing Complexity and Limits of Organization: Modern
Significance of Japanese DRAM ERA,” presented at the International Conference on Dynamics ofKnowledge, Corporate System and Innovation, Hitotsubashi University 21st Century COE Program,
December 4, 2007, Nagano, Japan(2) Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Moore’s Law, Increasing Complexity and Limits of Organization: Modern
Implications of Japanese DRAM ERA,” presented at the IIR Decennial International Symposium on
Frontiers of Innovation Research: Towards an Internationally Competitive Nation, March 4-5, 2007,
Tokyo(3) Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Moore’s Law, Increasing Complexity and Limits of Organization,” presented at
the International Conference on Development of Semiconductor and Innovation, National Instituteof Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology, Japan, February 8, 2007, Tokyo■ COE Okochi Award Case Study Research Program
1. Outline of ResearchThis project aims at building up cases of innovations by Japanese firms and examining the features andchallenges of Japanese firms in creating innovations. While previous studies in technology management
have paid attention to product development or industry-level analysis, this project focuses on individual
firms from concept creation, through development and commercialization to subsequent consequences, inorder to explore a news stream of innovation research.
In this five-year project, we make individual cases each year selected from those who won the
Okochi Awards, which have been given to important technological innovations annually since 1954.
We also conduct cross-case analysis to explore features and challenges of Japanese firms to succeed ininnovations. Each case is written jointly by faculty members at IIR and the Graduate School of Commerceand Management at Hitotsubashi University and graduate students. This project is financially supportedby the 21st Century COE Program “Dynamics of Knowledge, Corporate System and Innovation” at
Hitotsubashi University.
2. Time Period
FY2003-FY2007
3. Members
Akira Takeishi*, Yaichi Aoshima, Masaru Karube, Toshihiko Kato (Graduate School of Commerce andManagement, Hitotsubashi University), Takeshi Matsui (Graduate School of Commerce and Management,
Hitotsubashi University), Hideaki Kohzu (Former COE Visiting Professor, IIR), Junji Miyahara (Tokyo
University of Science / Former professor, IIR), Fumihiko Ikuine (Bunkyo Gakuin University / Former
Lecturer, IIR), Eishi Fukushima (Faculty of Business Administration, Hosei University)

114. Research Activities and Outputs during FY2006-FY2007
For five years, we have picked up twenty five cases, of which twenty have already been completed.
The finished cases are made available on our website at http://www.iir.hit-u.ac.jp/iir-w3/reserch/
COEokochiprize(A).html, and some of them have been published in Hitotsubashi Business Review
and used as educational materials. In parallel, we have started cross-case analysis to examine common
features of innovation processes among the cases we have developed. The outputs from FY2006 are as
listed below.
Publications and Papers(1) Takeishi, Akira, Yaichi Aoshima and Masaru Karube, “Reasons for Innovation: Legitimizing
Resource Mobilization for Innovation in the Case of Okochi Memorial Prize Winners,”
Organizational Science, Vol. 42, No. 1, September 2008, pp. 4-14 (in Japanese)(2) Takeishi, Akira, Yaichi Aoshima and Masaru Karube, “Reasons for Innovation: Legitimizing
Resource Mobilization for Innovation in the Case of Okochi Memorial Prize Winners,” Hitotsubashi
Business Review, Vol. 55, No. 4, March 2008, pp. 22-39 (in Japanese)(3) Takeishi, Akira, Yaichi Aosihma and Masaru Karube, “Reasons for Innovation: Legitimizing
Resource Mobilization for Innovation in the Case of Okochi Memorial Prize Winners,” IIR Working
Paper WP#07-10, November 2007
(4) Karube, Masaru, Akira Takeishi and Yaichi Aoshima, “Legitimizing Resource Mobilization for
Innovation: Preliminary findings” IIR Working Paper #07-05, March 2007 (in Japanese)
Case Study
Hitotsubashi Business Review, Business Case Series (in Japanese)(1) Takeishi, Akira, Junji Miyahara and Tomono Miki, “Fujifilm: Development of Computed
Radiography System,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 56, No. 2, September 2008, pp. 126-147(2) Takeishi, Akira and Seigo Ito, “Toshiba: Development of Microcomputer System for Automobile
Engine Control,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 55, No. 3, December 2007, pp. 116-136(3) Hirano, Sow and Masaru Karube, “JFE Steel: Innovation of Revamping Technique of Large Scale
Blast Furnance,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 55, No. 2, September 2007, pp. 128-147(4) Takeishi, Akira, Young-Jae Koh, Kenichi Furukawa and Hideaki Kohzu, “Matsushita: Development
and Commercialization of Low-current-consumption Miniaturized GaAs Power Modules for Mobile
Communication Systems,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 55, No. 2, September 2007, pp.
110-126(5) Kato, Toshihiko and Hiroyuki Yamaguchi, “Kyocera: Development of Long-life Electrophotographic
Process and Application for Environmentally-friendly Printer,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol.
54, No. 3, December 2006, pp. 112-123(6) Park, Jaewoo and Takeshi Matsui, “Nisshin Pharma: Industrial Production of Coenzyme Q10 and
Improvement of its Bioavailability,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 54, No. 3, December 2006,
pp. 124-139(7) Takeishi, Akira, Masafumi Kanayama and Tatsuya Mizuno, “Seiko Epson: Development of a Quartz
Watch Having an Automatic Generating System,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 54, No. 2,
September 2006, pp. 134-152

12

IIR Case Study Series (in Japanese)(1) Kosaka, Genjiro and Akira Takeishi, “Noritake Itron: Development and Commercialization of
Vacuum Fluorescent Displays at Noritake Itron Corporation,” IIR Case Study CASE#08-05,
September 2008
(2) Takanashi, Chikako, Akira Takeishi and Hideaki Kohzu, “NEC: Development of Field-EffectTransistor,” IIR Case Study CASE#08-04, September 2008
(3) Aoshima, Yaichi and Makoto Kitamura, “Seiko Epson: Development of an Ink Jet Printer that
Produces High Resolution Text and Pictorial Images,” IIR Case Study CASE#08-03, May 2008
(4) Fukushima, Eishi, “Tokyo Electric Power, NGK Insulators: Development and Commercial Viabilityof the Sodium-Sulfur Battery for Electric Energy Storage,” IIR Case Study CASE#08-02, February
2008(5) Kosaka, Genjiro and Akira Takeishi, “TDK: Development of Highly Reliable Multilayer Ceramic
Capacitors with Ni Electrode,” IIR Case Study CASE#08-01, January 2008(6) Sakamoto, Masaaki, “NEC: Development of Hemispherical-Grained (HSG) Silicon Storage
Electrodes,” IIR Case Study CASE#07-07, September 2007
(7) Aoshima, Yaichi, “Hitachi: Development of Direct On-chip Wiring Formation System for LSIs,” IIR
Case Study CASE#07-06, September 2007
(8) Takeishi, Akira and Seigo Ito, “Toshiba: Development of Microcomputer System for Automobile
Engine Control,” IIR Case Study CASE#07-04, August 2007
(9) Takeishi, Akira, Junji Miyahara and Tomono Miki, “Fujifilm: Development of Computed
Radiography System,” IIR Case Study CASE#07-01, July 2007(10) Hirano, Sow and Masaru Karube, “JFE Steel: Short Term Revamping Technique of Large
Scale Blast Furnance: Development of Large Block Ring Construction Method” IIR Case Study
CASE#06-2, August 2006
Presentations(1) Takeishi, Akira and Yaichi Aoshima “Legitimizing Resource Mobilization for Innovation: The Caseof Okochi Award Winners,” presented at the International Conference on Dynamics of Knowledge,
Corporate System and Innovation, Hitotsubashi University st Century COE Program, December 4,
2007, Nagano, Japan(2) Takeishi, Akira, “Reasons for Innovation: Legitimizing Resource Mobilization for Innovation in
the Case of Okochi Memorial Prize Winners,” presented at the Annual Meeting, The Academic
Association for Organizational Science, Japan, October 13, 2007, Fukuoka, Japan(3) Takeishi, Akira, “Intrapreneurships within Large Corporations: Reasons and Consequences ofInnovation in the Cases of Okochi Award Winners,” presented at the IIR Decennial International
Symposium on Frontiers of Innovation Research: Towards an Internationally Competitive Nation,
March 4-5, 2007, Tokyo(4) Takeishi, Akira and Yaichi Aoshima, “Reasons for Innovation: Legitimizing Resource Mobilization
for Innovation in the Case of Okochi Memorial Prize Winners,” presented at the Center for JapaneseBusiness Studies Forum, Graduate School of Commerce and Management, Hitotsubashi University,
November 1, 2006, Tokyo(5) Takeishi, Akira, Masaru Karube and Yaichi Aoshima, “Legitimization under Uncertainty in theCases of Okochi Award Winners,” presented at the Conference of the Academic Association for
Organizational Science, Japan, June 10-11, 2006, Tokyo13

■ Project on Networks and Innovations (I)
1. Outline of Research
The recent advancement of small-world network theory, with its focus on the relationship between
network topology and performance, is likely to broaden the horizon of organization theory and social
sciences. We are developing a new framework to interpret the evolution of the mobile technology industry
in Japan.
2. Time Period
FY2004-present
3. Members
Jefferey Funk*, Toshihiro Nishiguchi
4. Research Activities and Outputs during FY2006-FY2007
Publications(1) Funk, Jeffrey, “Mobile Shopping: Visions from Japan,” Technological Forecasting and Social
Change, Vol. 74, No. 3, March 2007, pp. 341-356(2) F u n k , J e ff r e y, “ S o l v i n g t h e S t a r t u p P r o b l e m i n We s t e r n M o b i l e I n t e r n e t M a r k e t s , ”
Telecommunications Policy, Vol. 4, No. 1, February 2007, pp. 4-30
(3) Funk, Jeffrey, “Technological Change within Hierarchies: The Case of the Music Industry,”
Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 16, No. 1., January 2007, pp. 1-6(4) Funk, Jeffrey, “The Future of Mobile Phone-based Intranet Applications: A View from Japan,”
Technovation, Vol. 26, No. 12, December 2006, pp. 1337- 1346
(5) Nishiguchi, Toshihiro, Global Neighborhoods: Strategies of Successful Organizational Networks,
Tokyo: NTT Publishing, 2007, 486 pages (in Japanese)
Presentations(1) Funk, Jeffrey, “Vertical Disintegration and Industry Evolution: The Case of Information Technology,”
presented at the Academy of Management, August 3-8 2007, Philadelphia, PA(2) Funk, Jeffrey., “Vertical Disintegration and Entrepreneurship: The Case of Broadcasting,” presented
at the Academy of Management, August 3-8, 2007, Philadelphia, PA (accepted for best paper
proceedings)(3) Funk, Jeffrey, “New Industry Formation, Inverse Demand Curves and the Rewiring of Networks,”
presented at the Academy of Management, August 14-16, 2006, Atlanta, GA

14

■ Project on Networks and Innovations (II)
1. Outline of Research
Incorporating a new perspective of small-world network theory, we are conducting comparative fieldresearch on regional economies and enterprise networks in Japan, China, and Europe. Our group iscomposed of researchers with diverse national or institutional backgrounds and is expected to keep on
producing new findings for years to come.
2. Time Period
FY2004-present
3. Members
Toshihiro Nishiguchi*, Motoko Tsujita (Ryukoku University), Tomofumi Amano (University of Tokyo),
Dan Xu (Tongji University (China)), Changxiang Zhao (Junior Research Fellow, IIR)
4. Research Activities and Outputs during FY2006-FY2007
We conducted field work in Sweden, Poland, Dubai, etc.
Publications(1) Nishiguchi, Toshihiro, Global Neighborhoods: Strategies of Successful Organizational Networks,
Tokyo: NTT Publishing, 2007, 486 pages (in Japanese)(2) Nishiguchi, Toshihiro, “An Invitation to Networking Thinking (1)-(8),” Hitotsubashi Business
Review, Vol. 54, No.1-Vol. 55. No. 4, June 2006-March 2008 (in Japanese)■ Project on Organization and Talent that Enable Innovation Based on Science Knowledge
1. Outline of ResearchThis research examines what knowledge and attitude are required for engineers to achieve innovation byturning their pure science knowledge into technology knowledge. The research also explores what kindof R&D organizations and systems are required for engineers with such knowledge and attitude to realize
their potential, with main focus on the semiconductor industry, a typical science-oriented industry.
We try to clarify how relationships between innovation-enabling systems and engineers should bethrough interviews and questionnaire surveys of R&D engineers working for semiconductor consortia
and semiconductor-related firms in Japan and the United States as well as interviews with a group ofengineers who have produced outstanding outcomes in the promotion of innovation in the forms of papers
and patents.
2. Time Period
January 2005–December 2007
3. Members
Shuzo Fujimura*, Yaichi Aoshima, Noriko Taji (Meisei University,) Hiroshi Fujii (Meisei University) andMasahiro Tsujimoto (University of Tokyo)
15

■ Project on Bio-medical Venturing Business Research
1. Outline of Research
We must construct a system of new medicine development for the 21st century. This is not only for the
progress of Japan’s pharmaceutical industries, but also for the health care of the Japanese people. In theconstruction of the new system, it is important to nurture and support venture companies focused on
biotechnology or medical technology. This project considers ways of nurturing these venture companies
through the cooperation of industrial professionals, ministries and academic researchers.
To nurture and support venture companies in the biotechnology or medical technology fields,
it is necessary to concentrate on a wide range of specialty areas. Established boundaries (specialty,organizations, section) must be broken down, specialists must get together and share the same goal.
Such cooperation can be realized on a mutual platform. With this recognition, we promote (1) periodic
meetings of the respective specialist from the industries, ministries, universities and research institutes,(2) a proposal for the support of venture companies with a focus on biotechnology or medical technology,(3) public information about the importance of venture companies focused on biotechnology or medical
technology, and (4) presentation in academic societies.
2. Time Period
FY2004-FY2006
3. Members
Seiichiro Yonekura*, Akira Takeishi, Yaichi Aoshima, Minoru Shimamoto (Graduate School ofCommerce and Management, Hitotsubashi University), Keio University, Tokyo Medical and Dental
University, The Japan Biotechnology Association, Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Inc.
(Observers: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW), Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry(METI), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), etc.)
4. Research Activities in FY2006
We held the International Symposium on Japan’s Competitiveness and Bio Technology Innovation on
September 28, 2006 in Tokyo (see the following section for the detail).

16

■ Project on Evaluation and Restructuring of R&D Capabilities of Japanese Firms: Strategy,
Organization, and Governance1. Outline of Research
While Japanese firms have applied for large numbers of patents in the 1990s and have been referred tomaintain their outstanding technological competitiveness, many have faced low profitability. The root
cause can be attributed to the fact that Japanese firms cannot fully utilize the technological potential,or the fact that they have not been deeply aware that linking the internal technological abilities withprofitability is indispensable.
The aim of this project is to clarify systematically the real picture of R&D capabilities of Japanesefirms and the major challenges that they face. The project is planned firstly to construct the statistical
database in order to examine the performance of R&D activities, and secondly to analyze and evaluate
the R&D activities of Japanese firms and the root cause of low profitability from three perspectives:
valuation, strategy and governance.
2. Time Period
July 2004-FY2006
3. Members
Masaru Karube*, Sadao Nagaoka, Tomohiro Ijichi, Tetsuyuki Kagaya (Graduate School of Commerceand Management, Hitotsubashi University), Makoto Nakano (Graduate School of International Corporate
Strategy, Hitotsubashi University), Seki Obata (Keio Business School)
4. Research Activities and Outputs in FY2006
Publications and Papers(1) Karube, Masaru, “Top Management among Japanese Firms: Resent Trend in Functional
Characteristics and CEO Turnover,” IIR Working Paper WP#07-08, April 2007 (in Japanese)(2) Kagaya, Tetsuyuki, “Intangible Assets and Evaluation in Japanese Firms,” IIR Working Paper
WP#07-07, April 2007 (in Japanese)(3) Nagaoka, Sadao, “Assessing the R&D Management of a Firm in Terms of Speed and Science
Linkage: Evidence from the US Patents,” Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Vol. 16,
No. 1, Spring 2007, pp. 129-156(4) Nakano, Makoto, “Intangible Assets’ Effect on Shareholders’ Value,” in Ichijo, Kazuo and Ikujiro
Nonaka, eds., Knowledge Creation and Management, NY: Oxford University Press, 2007, pp.
176-197(5) Nagaoka, Sadao, “R&D and Market Value of Japanese Firms in the 1990s,” Journal of the Japaneseand International Economies, Vol. 20, No. 2, June 2006, pp. 155-176
Presentations(1) Karube, Masaru, “Road to the CEO among Japanese Firms: A Preliminary Findings,” presented at the
Seminar, Sol. C. Snider Center, University of Pennsylvania, March 2, 2007, Philadelphia, USA

17

■ Research Project on the Efficient Creation and Transfer of Upstream Inventions with a
Focus on Co-inventions and Co-ownership
1. Outline of ResearchThis Research project aims at analyzing the efficient contract and institutional design for developing andcommercializing upstream inventions. This project was selected by the Japan Patent Office as one of the“University Research Projects on Intellectual Property Rights” in 2006.
2. Time Period
FY2006
3. Members
Sadao Nagaoka*, Toshiko Takenaka (University of Washington School of Law), Reiko Aoki (Instituteof Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University), Masabumi Suzuki (Graduate School of Law, Nagoya
University), Tomohiro Ijichi, Hajimu Morioka (Ajinomoto)
4. Research Activities and Outputs
International Conference(1) International Conference on Efficient Alliance for Commercializing Upstream Inventions with a
Focus on Co-inventions and Co-ownership, Tokyo, December 11, 2006 (see the following section forthe detail).
Research Reports(1) “Study on Effective Creation and Transfer of Upstream Research Inventions: A Focus on Jointly
Owned Patent Rights,” Report of a Study in the “University Research Projects on Intellectual
Property Rights,” Research Program Supported by the Japan Patent Office in FY2006 (Principal
Investigator: Sadao Nagaoka), March 2007 (in Japanese).
(2) Ijichi, Tomohiro and Sadao Nagaoka, “Management of IPRs for Upstream Research Inventions in
Universities and National R&D Institutes in Japan―Results from the IIR IP Survey 2006,” Research
Report, IIR, March 2007 (in Japanese)18

■ Project on Intellectual Property and Innovation: Collaboration for Commercializing
Intellectual Property Right
1. Outline of ResearchThis project analyzes the mechanism of efficient collaboration and its constraints for commercializing
intellectual properties which are the outputs of R&D.
2. Time Period
FY2006-present
3. Members
Sadao Nagaoka*, Tomohiro Ijichi (Seijo University, Former IIR Asscociate Professor), Yoichiro
Nishimura (Kanagawa University), Reiko Aoki (Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi
University), Tomoyuki Shimbo (IIR Junior Research Fellow, Former Researcher at the Institute ofIntellectual Property), Naotoshi Tsukada (Institute of Intellectual Property, Former Ph.D. Student at
Hitotsubashi University)
4. Research Activities and Outputs during FY2006-FY2007
International Workshop(1) International Workshop on Management of Foreign R&D: Experiences and Lessons from Japaneseand German Multinationals, organized by IIR and Mercator School of Management, Duisburg-Essen
University (Germany), March 10, 2007, Tokyo (see the following section for the detail).
Presentations(1) Nagaoka, Sadao and Bronwyn H. Hall, “Diversification and R&D Performance,” presented at theInternational Conference on R&D and Firm Performance, March 22, 2008, Kunitachi, Tokyo(2) Nagaoka, Sadao, “An Empirical Assessment of the Effects of Patent Thickets” (Keynote Speech),
The 96th International Conference on Patent & Innovation: Economic Studies, Applied Econometric
Association, June 28-29, 2007, Strasbourg(3) Nagaoka, Sadao and Yoichiro Nishimura, “An Empirical Assessment of the Effects of Patent
Thickets,” presented at the Science & Technology Policy Research, University of Sussex (SPRU)
40th Anniversary Conference on the Future of Science, Technology and Innovation Policy: Linking
Research and Practice, September 11-13, 2006, Sussex(4) Nagaoka, Sadao, Tomoyuki Shimbo and Naotoshi Tsukada “The Emergence and Structure of
Essential Patents for Standards,” presented at the 11th International J.A. Schumpeter Society (ISS)
Conference on Innovation, Competition and Growth: Schumpeterian Perspectives, June 21-24, 2006,
Nice-Sophia-Antipolis (accepted for one of best papers)

19

I. Research Activities

3. International Conferences — Apr. 2006 ~ Mar. 2008
■ International Conference on R&D and Firm Performance
Organized by IIR
March 22, 2008 at Hitotsubashi Sano-Shoin Hall, Kunitachi, Tokyo

This conference was held in honor of Professor Bronwyn Hall who visited IIR in early 2008. It invited 6
presentations mainly by young scholars and Ph.D. students for advice by Professor Hall and others.

Keynote Speech
Chair: Akira Goto (Commissioner of Japan Fair Trade Commission (JFTC))“Financing R&D”
Bronwyn. H. Hall (University of California, Berkeley / Visiting Professor, IIR)
Session I
Chair: Tetsuo Wada (Gakushuin University)[1] “R&D Activity, Patent and the Value of Invention in the Core vs. New Business:
Evidence from New Japanese Inventor Survey”
Hideo Owan (Aoyama Gakuin University)[2] “Determinants and Effects of Partner Choice in the R&D Cooperation between Small
Businesses and Universities”
Hiroyuki Okamuro (Hitotsubashi University)
Session II
Chair: Kazuyuki Motohashi (University of Tokyo)[3] “Diversification and R&D Performance”
Sadao Nagaoka (IIR) and Bronwyn H. Hall[4] “Determinants of Technology Sourcing from Abroad: Home Technological Advantages andCorporate R&D Strategy”
Tomoko Iwasa (Yokohama City University)
Session III
Chair: Yuji Honjo (Chuo University)[5] “Estimating Production Functions with R&D Investment and Endogeneity”
Youngak Kim (Hitotusbashi University)[6] “On Quality of Patent and Application Behavior Related to Patent Pool”
Naotoshi Tsukada (Institute of Intellectual Property)

20

■ International Workshop on Market for Technology and Digital Products
September 12, 2007 at IIR Conference RoomThis workshop addressed the mechanism of the market for technology and digital music, using theoreticalmodels. Thay talked such issues as why the price of CD has roughly remained constant, despite of its
apparent sales decline as well as whether it is feasible to form a patent pool with all essential patents
without ex-ante commitments.

[1] “On the Impact of Digital Music Distribution”
Kiho Yoon (Korea University / Visiting Associate Professor, IIR)
      Discussant:Sadao Nagaoka (IIR)[2] “Coalition Formation of a Standard Consortium and a Patent Pool”
Reiko Aoki (Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University)      Discussant:Kiho Yoon[3] “Economic Analysis of Patent Law Exemption for Research on a Patented Innovation”
Sadao Nagaoka      Discussant:Yoshihito Yasaki (Kogakuin University)21

■ International Workshop on Management of Foreign R&D: Experiences and Lessons fromJapanese and German Multinationals
March 10, 2007 at Hitotsubashi Mercury Tower, Kunicachi, Tokyo
Organizers:
Roman Bartnik, Mercator School of Management, Duisburg-Essen University
Sadao Nagaoka, IIR

Size and strategic importance of foreign R&D have grown strongly since the 1990s. Consequently, thecoordination of R&D conducted in foreign subsidiaries, choice of knowledge sourcing and foreign R&D
collaborations have become increasingly urgent issues to innovative firms in both Japan and Germany.
While Japaenese organizations have become famous for efficiently integrating R&D processes acrossorganizational units and hierarchical layers, experiene in managing R&D across country borders is quite
limited. German companies, while being less integrative on the domestic level, have internationalized
their R&D earlier and more extensively. It would thus seem that both parts can learn from each other andthis worksop was held hopefully to be a frist step in this direction.

Session I
Chair: Sadao Nagaoka (IIR)[1] “Strategic Alliances in Global Biotech Pharma Industries”
Dr. Hans Gottinger
Comment:
Masau Takayanagi (Mitsubishi Pharma Corporation)[2] “Coordinating International R&D: Evidence from Japanese and German Multinationals”
Roman Bartnik (Hitotsubashi University / Duisburg-Essen University)
Comment:
Kazuhiro Asakawa (Keio University)
Koichiro Nakamura (Kao Corporation)
Session II
Chair: Hiroyuki Odagiri (Hitotsubashi University)[3] “Global R&D Management by Japanese Firms: A Metanational Perspective”
Kazuhiro Asakawa (Keio University)      Comment:
Hiroyuki Okamuro (Hitotsubashi University)
Joerg Raupack (NEC-Schott Components Corporation)[4] “Whether and How International Research Collaboration Enhance Research Productivity?”
Sadao Nagaoka and Naotoshi Tsukada (Hitotsubashi University)
Comment:
Banri Ito (Keio University)
Matthias Wegener (Henkel Japan, Ltd./ Kinki University)[5] “Foreign R&D and Sourcing of Technological Knowledge by Japanese Companies”
Tomoko Iwasa (Yokohama City University)
Comment:
Yasuyuki Todo (Aoyama Gakuin University)
Dirk Ebert (Kostal Japan Co., Ltd.)22

■ IIR Decennial International Symposium on Frontiers of Innovation Research: Towards anInternationally Competitive Nation
March 4-5, 2007 at Hitotsubashi Memorial Hall, Kanda, Tokyo
Organized by
IIR and Nihon Keizai Shimbun
In collaboration with
Josuikai (Hitotsubashi alumni association)

This symposium was held to commemorate the 10th anniversary of IIR, aming at learning the lessons
on the future strategy for innovation research from the leaders of innovation research, highlighting someresearch outcomes of IIR and discussing their managerial and policy implications. The symposium wasopen to the general public of Japan.

Day 1: March 4, 2007
WelcomeSadao Nagaoka (Director, IIR)
Opening Address
Takehiko Sugiyama (President, Hitotsubashi University)
Guest Speeches
Koji Omi (Minister of Finance, Japan)
Kakutaro Kitashiro (Chairman, Japan Association of Corporate Executives)
Keynote Lecture 1
Michael A. Cusumano (Professor, Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology)“The Importance of Services Innovation in Software and Other Industries”
Session I: The Strengths and Weakness of Japanese Firms: From a Perspective of Innovation
Process
Presentations
Hiroyuki Chuma (IIR)“Moore’s Law, Increasing Complexities, and Limits of Organization: Modern Implications of 		Japanese DRAM ERA”
Yaichi Aoshima (IIR)“Technology and Competition in the Digital Still Camera Industry”
Panel Discussion
Moderator: Kentaro Nobeoka (Kobe University)
Hidemi Ishiuchi (Toshiba Semiconductor Co.)
Masahiro Konishi (Fujifilm Corporation)
Ken Kusunoki (Graduate School of International Corporate Strategy, Hitotsubashi University)
Hiroyuki Chuma
Yaichi Aoshima23    Session II: Who Take the Central Role in Innovation: Entrepreneurs or Intrapreneurs?
Presentations
Akira Takeishi (IIR)“Intrapreneurships within Large Corporations: Reasons and Consequences of Innovation in the Casesof Okochi Award Winners”
Seiichiro Yonekura (IIR)“Japan’s Venture Spirit: A Scientific Approach to Entrepreneurship”
Panel Discussion
Moderator: Seiichiro Yonekura
Ikujiro Nonaka (Emeritus Professor, Hitotsubashi University)
Hiroshi Fukino (Josuikai / NanoGeometry Research, Inc. / Former Chair of Dell, Inc., Japan)
Junji Miyahara (Tokyo University of Science)
Hiroshi Fujiwara (Internet Research Institute, Inc.)
Tetsuya Iizuka (THine Electonics, Inc.)
Akira Takeishi

Day 2: March 5, 2007
Guest Speeches
Hiroshi Fukino (Josuikai / NanoGeometry Research, Inc. / Former Chair of Dell, Inc., Japan)
Hiroyuki Abe (Member, Intellectual Property Strategy Headquarters Cabinet / ex-Member, Council for
Science and Technology Policy, Cabinet Office)“Towards an Industrial and Social Restructuring Based on Innovations of Japanese Origin”
Keynote Lecture 2
Alfonso Gambardella (Professor, Department of Business Administration, Bocconi University)“Innovations for Products, Innovations for Licensing: When and Why We See Them and Why We
Should Care”
Session III: Pro-innovation Intellectual Property System
Presentations
Sadao Nagaoka (IIR)“Competition and Collaboration in Innovation”
Tomohiro Ijichi (IIR)“Industry-academia Collaborations and Intellectual Property Right System in Japan”
Panel Discussion
Moderator: Hiroyuki Odagiri (Graduate School of Economics, Hitotsubashi University)
Hisashi Kato (Mitsubishi Electric Corporation)
Hajimu Morioka (Ajinomoto Co., Inc.)
Hideshi Itoh (Graduate School of Commerce and Management, Hitotsubashi University)
Sadao Nagaoka
Tomohiro Ijichi

24    Session IV: Network and Innovation
Presentations
Toshihiro Nishiguchi (IIR)“Global Neighborhoods: Strategies of Successful Organizational Networks”
Jeffrey L. Funk (IIR)“Technological Discontinuities and Vertical Disintegration: Case of IT Industry in North America”
Panel Discussion
Moderator: Toshihiro Nishiguchi
Kenichi Imai (Emeritus Professor, Hitotsubashi University)
Nobuaki Miyama (Ministry of Defense, Japan)
Motoko Tsujita (Ryukoku University)
Jeffrey L. Funk

Closing Remarks
Sadao Nagaoka

25

■ 20th Annual TRIO Conference on Organizational Innovation and Firm Performance
December 15-16, 2006 at Hitotsubashi Sano-Shoin Hall, Kunitachi, Tokyo
Supported by
NBER-CEPR-TCER, and Hitotsubashi University
Organizers
George Baker, Harvard University and NBER
Takeo Hoshi, University of California, San Diego, NBER and TCER
Hideshi Itoh, Hitotsubashi University and TCER
Sadao Nagaoka, IIR and TCER

Day 1: December 15 , 2007
Morning Session
Chair: Hiroyuki Odagiri (Hitotsubashi University and TCER)[1] “Strategic Alliances: Bridges Between Islands of Conscious Power”
George Baker (Harvard University and NBER)
Robert Gibbons (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, co-author)
Kevin J. Murphy (University of Southern California, co-author)      Discussants:
Hideshi Itoh (Hitotsubashi University and TCER)
Hodaka Morita (University of New South Wales)[2] “Peer-dependent Incentives and Ownership Rights”
Ola Kvaloy (University of Stavanger)
Trond E. Olsen (Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, co-author)      Discussants:
Makoto Hanazono (Nagoya University)
Paul Oyer (Stanford University and NBER)
Afternoon Session
Chair: George Baker[3] “Complementarities among Authority, Responsibility, and Monitoring: Evidence from JapaneseBusiness Groups”
Hideshi Itoh
Tatsuya Kikuntani (Kyoto University),           Osamu Hayashida (Osaka Keizai University, co-author)      Discussants:
Wako Watanabe (Tohoku University)
Steven Tadelis (University of California, Berkeley and NBER)

 This conference was supported by the Hitotsubashi University 21st Century COE program on Dynamics of Knowledge, Corporate System
and Innovation.

26

[4] “A Costly Contracting Approach to the Organization of Production”
Steven Tadelis               Jonathan Levin (Stanford University, co-author)           Discussants:
Sadao Nagaoka (IIR and TCER)
Ola Kvaloy[5] “Determinants of Firm Boundaries: Empirical Analysis of the Japanese Auto Industry from 1984 to
2002”
Akira Takeishi (IIR)
Yoshihisa Noro (Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc., co-author)
Sadao Nagaoka           Discussants:       Tatsuya Kikutani
George Baker[6] “Bank Size and Lending Relationships in Japan”
Hirofumi Uchida (Wakayama University)               Gregory F. Udell (Indiana Universty, co-author)
Wako Watanabe           Discussants:
Takeo Hoshi (University of California, San Diego, NBER and TCER)
Ayako Yasuda (The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania)

Day 2: December 16, 2006
Chair: Takeo Hoshi[7] “Ability and Employer Learning: Evidence from the Economist Labor Market”
Paul Oyer           Discussants:
Hideo Owan (Aoyama Gakuin University)
Daiji Kawaguchi (Hitotsubashi University and TCER)[8] “An Economic Analysis of Platform Sharing”
Hodaka Morita (University of New South Wales)
Arghya Ghosh (University of New South Wales, co-author)           Discussants:
Reiko Aoki (Hitotsubashi University and TCER) et al.

27

■ International Conference on Efficient Alliance for Commercializing Upstream Inventions
with a Focus on Co-inventions and Co-ownership
December 11, 2006 at Hitotsubashi Sano-Shoin Hall, Kunitachi, Tokyo
Supported by Japan Paten Office (JPO)

This conference was held, aiming at analyzing the efficient contract and institutional design fordeveloping and commercializing upstream inventions. One focal issue was co-ownership of an invention.

WelcomeShinya Aramaki (JPO)
Session I: Empirical Analysis of Ownership and Inventor Structure of Upstream Inventions, and of
the Alliance Contracts for their Development and Use
Chair: Hiroyuki Odagiri (Professor, Graduate School of Economics, Hitotsubashi University)[1] “Structural Characteristics of Key Upstream Inventions: Co-inventions, Co-ownership and their
Effects”
Sadao Nagaoka (Professor, IIR)
      Discussant:Tomohiko Koseki (Senior Manager of Legal Department, Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.)          [2] “An Analysis of Industry-academia Collaborations and Intellectual Property Management Practices
Based on a New Survey”
Tomohiro Ijichi (Associate Professor, IIR)
      Discussants:
Koichi Sumikura (Associate Professor, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies)
Masau Takayanagi (Intellectual Property Executive, Patent Attorney, Intellectual Property
Department, Mitsubishi Pharma Corp.)[3] “Characteristics of Ex-ante Research Contracts between University and the US Life Science Industry”
Kenta Nakamura (Research Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science)      Discussant:Sean O’Connor (Associate Professor, University of Washington School of Law, and Associate
Director, Center for Advanced Study & Research on Intellectual Property)
Session II: A global Picture of Strategic Alliances and Lessons from the US Experiences
Chair: Reiko Aoki (Professor, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University)[4] “Alliance Formation in the Global Biotech-pharma Industries”
Dr. Hans-Werner Gottinger      Discussant:Hiroshi Akimoto (Managing Director, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)28

[5] “Patent Protection Scope for Upstream Inventions”
Toshiko Takenaka (Professor, University of Washington School of Law, and the Director, Center
for Advanced Study & Research on Intellectual Property)           Discussant:Mayumi Saito (Principal Examiner, Biotechnology Division/Examination Research Office, JPO)
[6] “Issues in U.S. Tech Transfer Licenses, IPR Allocation, and Commercialization”
Sean O’Connor           Discussant:       Hideo Owan (Professor, Graduate School of International Management, Aoyama Gakuin
Unviersity)

Session III: Efficient Contract and Institutional Design for Commercialization of Upstream
Inventions
Chair: Sadao Nagaoka[7] “Future of Industry and University Collaboration and IPRs”
Hajimu Morioka (Deputy Director, Intellectual Property Center, Ajinomoto Co., Inc.)           Discussant:Reiko Aoki
[8] “An Analysis of Legal Rules on Co-inventorship and Co-ownership, and its Implications”
Masabumi Suzuki (Professor, Graduate School of Law, Nagoya University)           Discussant:Ryuta Hirashima (Associate Professor of Law, University of Tsukuba)

29

■ International Symposium on Japan’s Competitiveness and Bio Technology Innovation
September 28, 2006 at Roppongi Academy Hills, Tokyo
Organized by
IIR and Nihon Keizai Shimbun
Supported by
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan

Opening Address
Seiichiro Yonekura (Professor, IIR)
Takehiko Sugiyama (President, Hitotsubashi University)
Keynote Speech 1
Scott Foraker (Vice President, Licensing, Amgen, Inc.)“Amgen: Pioneer and Innovator in the Promise of Biotechnology”
Keynote Speach 2
Kenichi Arai (Emeritus Professor, University of Tokyo)“The Japanese Innovators who led the Pharmaceutical Innovation”
Keynote Speach 3
Akira Endo (Head, Biopharm of Japan Corporation)“The Development of Statin”
Panel Discussion 1: Japan’s Potential as the Biotechnology Innovator
Akira Endo
Yoshiaki Kodoi (Investment Manager, Mizuho Capital Co., Ltd.)
Makoto Shiragami (Professor, College of Pharmacy, Nihon University)
Hiroyuki Chuma (Professor, IIR)
Kenji Tsujimoto (Investment Senior Manager, Nomura Research & Advisory Co., Ltd.)
Gensuke Tokoro (President and CEO, aRigen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.)Ei Yamada (President and CEO, AnGes MG, Inc.)
Panel Discussion 2: For the Future Solution of the CompetitivenessMasaharu Ito (President, LIEVENCE)
Shunsuke Ono (Associate Professor, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo)
Koichi Kawabuchi (Professor, Tokyo Medical and Dental University)
Jin Shiomura (President, Nobelpharma, Co., Ltd.)
Yasuhiro Suzuki (Manager, R&D Promoting Division, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan)
Hidemaru Yamaguchi (Managing Director, Nikko Citygroup, Ltd.)
Seiichiro Yonekura30

I. Research Activities

4. The Hiroshi Fujiwara Endowed Chair in Venture FinanceObjective						

To promote research into venture finance in Japan, andto educate the future cadre of chief financial officers (CFOs)
for venture businesses

Donator		

Hiroshi Fujiwara, President and CEO, Internet Research Institute, Inc.

Period		April 2002 ~ March 2008

Chaired Professor Shuzo Fujimura

In April 2002, the Hiroshi Fujiwara Endowed Chair in Venture Finance was established at the Instituteof Innovation Research. This was made possible by the generous donation of Mr. Hiroshi Fujiwara,
President and CEO of the Internet Research Institute, Inc. The primary objectives of the Chair are topromote research into venture finance in Japan, and to educate the future cadre of chief financial officers(CFOs) for venture businesses.
There is a pressing need in Japan to foster the establishment and growth of venture businesses,
particularly in high technology fields. Such businesses are expected to be a source of dynamism andrejuvenation for the Japanese economy. However, the rate of start-ups and closures of small and medium
sized enterprises has declined in recent years, and is only about one third of that of the United States.
Moreover, it is recognized that the successful development of such venture firms is contingent on soundfinancial management, and hence there is a need to educate specialists in finance who can contribute tosuch firms.
Against this background, and from his own experience as the founder of a technology venture business,
Mr. Fujiwara kindly donated to the foundation of the Chair as a means of encouraging the growth ofventure firms for Japan's economic vitality. The Internet Research Institute, Inc., which Mr. Fujiwara
founded with other executives in 1996, comprises computer network specialists from universities
and internet access providers who design internet-based technology solutions and provide a range ofconsulting services. The company is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange's Mothers (market of the highgrowth and emerging stocks) market, which was created for start-up firms in 1999.
In the United States, a number of new ventures which have achieved IPO status have donated some of
their capital gains to universities as a means of disseminating knowledge. Stanford is perhaps the best
known example because of its position in Silicon Valley. Likewise, the creation of this new Chair at
the Institute of Innovation Research is an attempt to circulate timely knowledge in Japan on businesscreation, and is an important step in the collaboration between industry and the university.

■ Research Achievement
     Summary Conference was held as below, and the achivievment of the Firoshi Fujiwara Endowed Chair in
Venture Finance will be summarized in a forthcoming book from Toyokeizai. IIR believes it would be agreat contribution to the study of venture finance.

31

■ Summary Conference of the Hiroshi Fujiwara Endowed Chair in Venture FinanceMarch 10, 2008 at Sano-Shoin Hall, Kunitachi, Tokyo

Opening Address
Seiichiro Yonekura (Professor, IIR)
Keynote Speech
Hiroshi Fujiwara (President and CEO, Internet Research Institute, Inc.)“Industrial Revolution and the Role of Entrepreneur”
The Achievement of the Hiroshi Fujiwara Endowed Chair in Venture FinanceShuzo Fujiwara (Visiting Professor, IIR)

Panel Discussion: Past, Present, and Future of the Japanese Venture Finance
Hiroshi Fujiwara
Hiroshi Uchikoga (CEO, Visionare Corporation)
Tomoyasu Oba (President, i's Factory Co., Ltd.)
Yoichiro Hirano (President and CEO, Infoteria Corporation)
Kazutaka Muraguchi (General Partner, Nippon Technology Venture Partners, Ltd.)
Moderator: Shuzo Fujimura

Closing Remaks
Sadao Nagaoka (Director and Professor, IIR)

32

II. Researchers33II. Researchers

1. Full-time Researchers

Profiles & List of Research Achievements — Apr. 2006 ~ Sep. 2008
Yaichi Aoshima■ Education
1996
1989
1987

 h.D. (Management), Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute ofP
Technology
M.C. (Business Administration), Hitotsubashi University
B.C. (Commerce), Hitotsubashi University■ Professional Positions
1999~ Associate Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
1997 Assistant Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
1996 Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Research, Hitotsubashi University■ Research Achievements
1. Publications
1.1. Books
Aoshima, Yaichi, ed., Misled Companies / Straying Education: A Lost Decade of Human
Resource Development, Tokyo: Toshindo, August 2008, 196 pages (in Japanese)
1.2. Articles
Aoshima, Yaichi, “Mobility of R&D Workers and Technological Performance,” Japan
Labor Review, Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training, Vol. 5, No. 3, July
2008, pp. 33-60(In Japanese)
Takeishi, Akira, Yaichi Aoshima and Masaru Karube, “Reasons for Innovation:
Legitimizing Resource Mobilization for Innovation in the Case of Okochi Memorial
Prize Winners,” Organizational Science, Vol. 42, No. 1, September 2008, pp. 4-14
Aoshima, Yaichi, Jinwei Zhu, Ng Shuk Yee Sally, “Business Case / Wuxi Little Swan Co.,
Ltd.: Development and Pitfalls of China’s Home Appliances Makers,” Hitotsubashi
Business Review, Vol. 56, No. 1, June 2008, pp. 128-145
Aoshima, Yaichi and Ken Kusunoki, “Innovation as System Re-definition,” Hitotsubashi
Business Review, Vol. 55, No. 4, March 2008, pp. 58-77
Takeishi, Akira, Yaichi Aoshima and Masaru Karube, “Reasons for Innovation:
Legitimizing Resource Mobilization for Innovation in the Case of Okochi Memorial
Prize Winners,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 55, No. 4, March 2008, pp.
22-39
Aoshima, Yaichi and Osamu Suzuki, “Business Case / Sony: Contactless IC Card
Technology ‘FeLica’,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 55, No. 4, March 2008,
pp. 108-127
Takeishi, Akira and Yaichi Aoshima, “A Product within a System: Architectural
Innovation in Manufacturing Industries,” Organizational Science, Vol. 40, No. 4,
June 2007, pp. 29-39

34

1.3. Others
Aoshima, Yaichi, “Distress & Prospects for Japan’s Electronics Industry,” Japan
Spotlight, Japan Economic Foundation, Vol. 27, No. 5, Sep-Oct 2008, pp. 13-15
Burgelman, Robert A. et al.; Aoshima, Yaichi et al., tr. supervised, Strategic Managementof Technology and Innovation, 2 vols., Tokyo: Shoeisha, July 2007 (in Japanese)
2. Unpublished Work2.1. Working Papers
Takeishi, Akira, Yaichi Aoshima and Masaru Karube, “Reasons for Innovation:
Legitimizing Resource Mobilization for Innovation in the Case of Okochi Memorial
Prize Winners,” IIR Working Paper WP#07-10, November 2007
Gavetti, Giovanni, Yaichi Aoshima and Mary P. Tripsas, “Fujifilm: A Second
Foundation,” Harvard Business School Cases #807137, March 7, 2007
(In Japanese)
Aoshima, Yaichi and Makoto Kitamura, “Seiko Epson: Development of an Ink Jet
Printer that Produces High Resolution Text and Pictorial Images,” IIR Case Study
CASE#08-03, May 2008
Aoshima, Yaichi, “Hitachi: Development of Direct On-chip Wiring Formation System for
LSIs,” IIR Case Study CASE#07-06, September 2007
Aoshima, Yaichi and Osamu Suzuki, “Sony: FeliCa (A); Issues in Business Incubation
and Technological Development,” IIR Case Study CASE#07-02, July 2007
Suzuki, Osamu and Yaichi Aoshima, “Sony: FeliCa (B); Business Model Development,”
IIR Case Study CASE#07-03, July 2007
Karube, Masaru, Akira Takeishi and Yaichi Aoshima, “Legitimizing Resource
Mobilization for Innovation: Preliminary Findings,” IIR Working Paper WP#07-05,
March 2007
3. Conference Papers, Presentations
Aoshima, Yaichi, “The ‘Performance Illusion’ that Deters Commoditization: The Caseof the Digital Still Camera Industry,” presented at the Mitsubishi UFJ Foundation
International Conference, August 26-28, 2008, Mishima, Japan
Takeishi, Akira and Yaichi Aoshima, “Legitimizing Resource Mobilization for
Innovation: The Case of Okochi Award Winners,” presented at the International
Conference on Dynamics of Knowledge, Corporate System and Innovation,
Hitotsubashi University 21st Century COE Program, December 14-16, 2007,
Nagano, Japan
Aoshima, Yaichi and Ken Kusunoki, “Redefining Innovation as System Re-definition,”presented at the International Conference on Dynamics of Knowledge, Corporate
System and Innovation, Hitotsubashi University 21st Century COE Program,
December 14-16, 2007, Nagano, Japan
Aoshima,Yaichi, “Evolution of Digital Still Camera Industry and Firm Competitiveness,”
presented at the IEEE Computer Workshop, June 2007, Vail, Colorado
Aoshima, Yaichi, “Technology and Competition in the Digital Still Camera Industry,”presented at the IIR Decennial International Symposium on Frontiers of Innovation
Research: Towards an Internationally Competitive Nation, March 4-5, 2007, Tokyo
35

Takeishi, Akira and Yaichi Aoshima, “Reasons for Innovation: Legitimizing Resource
Mobilization for Innovation in the Case of Okochi Memorial Prize Winners,”presented at the Center for Japanese Business Studies Forum, Graduate School ofCommerce and Management, Hitotsubashi University, November 1, 2006, Tokyo
Takeishi, Akira, Masaru Karube and Yaichi Aoshima, “Legitimization under Uncertainty
in the Cases of Okochi Award Winners,” presented at the Conference of the
Academic Association for Organizational Science, Japan, June 10-11, 2006, Tokyo36

Hiroyuki Chuma■ Education
1984
1975

Ph.D. (Economics), State University of New York at Buffalo
B.A. (Economics), Hitotsubashi University■ Professional Positions
2004

Affiliated Senior Fellow, National Institute of Science and Technology Policy,
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (~2007)
2000~ Faculty Fellow, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry
2000 Visiting Professor, Department of Economics, Yale University (~2001)
1999~ Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
1993 Professor, Faculty of Economics, Hitotsubashi University
1992 Associate Professor, Faculty of Economics, Hitotsubashi University
1986 Visiting Research Fellow, Department of Economics, Yale University (~1987)
1985 Associate Professor, Faculty of Economics, Tokyo Metropolitan University
1984 Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Southern Illinois
University at Carbondale
1975 Taisei Corporation (~1978)■ Research Achievements
1. Publications
1.1. Articles
Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Increasing Complexity and Limits of Organization in theMicrolithography Industry: Implications for Science-based Industries,” Research
Policy, Vol. 35, No. 3, April 2006, pp. 394-411(In Japanese)
Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Implications of ‘The Innovation Process Sruvery in the Sciencebased Industries’,”Journal of IEICE, The Institute of Electronics, Information andCommunication Engineers, Vol. 91, No. 9, September 2008, pp. 798-803
Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Implication of Innovation Process Survey for Japan Society ofApplied Physics (JSAP),” Oyo Butsuri (A Monthly Publication of JSAP), Vol. 77,
No. 7, July 2008, pp. 787-793
Chuma, Hiroyuki and Daiji Kawaguchi, “Does the Production-information System
Introduce the Increase of Non-standard Employment?,” Hitotsubashi Business
Review, Vol. 55, No. 3, December 2007, pp. 66-83
Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Active Introduction of Production-contracted Workers and the
Manufacturing Performance: Quality, Costs, Production Leadtime, and Inventories,”
Hitotsubashi Review of Commerce and Management, Vol. 2, No. 2, November 2007,
pp. 19-34
Chuma, Hiroyuki and Norikazu Hashimoto, “Why Did Japanese Chipmakers Fail in their
DRAM Business?: Verification of Root Causes (1), (2),” Nikkei Microdevices, (1)March 2007, pp. 41-47; (2) April 2007, pp. 43-50

37Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Search for the Factors of Weakening Competitiveness in Japanese
Semiconductor Manufacturing Systems: From the View Point of Papert’s Principle ,”Cognitive Science, Japanese Cognitive Science Society, Vol. 14, No. 1, March 2007,
pp. 39-59
Chuma, Hiroyuki and Norikazu Hashimoto, “Complexity and Limits of Organization
Induced by Moore’s Law: Modern Significance of Up-and-Down in DRAM
Business,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 54, No. 4, March 2007, pp. 22-45
Chuma, Hiroyuki, “(Editorial) New Era for Science Innovation,” Hitotsubashi Business
Review, Vol. 54, No. 4, March 2007, pp. 4-5
Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Root Causes of the Weakening Competitiveness in Japanese
Semiconductor Manufacturing Systems: Lagging behind in Visualization,” Nikkei
Microdevices, May 2006, pp. 43-49
2. Unpublished Work2.1. Working Papers
Chuma, Hiroyuki and Norikazu Hashimoto, “Moore’s Law, Increasing Complexity and
Limits of Organization: The Modern Significance of Japanese Chipmakers’ DRAM
Business,” RIETI Discussion Paper Series 08-E-001, Research Institute of Economy,
Trade and Industry, January 2008
Chuma, Hiroyuki and Norikazu Hashimoto, “Moore’s Law, Increasing Complexity and
Limits of Organization: Modern Significance of Japanese DRAM ERA,” NISTEP
Discussion Paper No. 44, National Institute of Science and Technology Policy,
March 2007
Chuma, Hiroyuki et al., “Information Sharing in Joint Research and Development,”
RIETI Discussion Paper 07-E-019, Research Institute of Economy, Trade andIndustry, March 2007
(In Japanese)
Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Innovation Survey on Science-based Industry I: Research Report of
the Questionnaire Survey at the Japan Society of Applied Physics,” NISTEP Report
No. 145, National Institute of Science and Technology Policy, September 2007
Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Innovation Survey on Science-based Industry II: Research Report of
the Questionnaire Survey at the Electronics Society of the Institute of Electronics,
Information and Communication Engineers,” NISTEP Report No. 146, National
Institute of Science and Technology Policy, September 2007
Chuma, Hiroyuki et al., “Information Sharing in Joint Research and Development,”
RIETI Discussion Paper 07-J-013, Research Institute of Economy, Trade andIndustry, March 2007
Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Search for the Factors of Weakening Competitiveness in Japanese
Semiconductor Manufacturing Systems: From the View Point of Meta-Integrated
Skills,” RIETI Discussion Paper 06-J-043, Research Institute of Economy, Trade andIndustry, May 2006

38

3. Conference Papers, Presentations
Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Production System Architecture in View of Visualization &Intrinsic Motivation” (Invited Speech), SEMICON Japan 2007, SEMI Technology
Symposium (STS) Session 5:Manufacturing Science, December 6, 2007, Chiba,
Japan
Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Moore’s Law, Increasing Complexity and Limits of Organization:
Modern Significance of Japanese DRAM ERA,” presented at the International
Conference on Dynamics of Knowledge, Corporate System and Innovation,
Hitotsubashi University 21st Century COE Program, December 14-16, 2007,
Nagano, Japan
Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Implication of Innovation Process Survey for Japan Society ofApplied Physics (JSAP),” presented at the JSAP Autumn Meeting, September 2007,
Hokkaido, Japan
Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Moore’s Law, Increasing Complexity and Limits of Organization:
Modern Implications of Japanese DRAM ERA,” presented at the IIR Decennial
International Symposium on Frontiers of Innovation Research: Towards anInternationally Competitive Nation, March 4-5, 2007, Tokyo
Chuma, Hiroyuki, “Moore’s Law, Increasing Complexity and Limits of Organization,”p r e s en ted at the NISTEP International Conference on Develop ment of
Semiconductor Industry and Innovation, National Institute of Science andTechnolgoy, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology,
February 8, 2007, Tokyo

39

Jeffrey L. Funk
■ Education
1984  Ph.D. (Engineering and Public Policy), and M.S. (Mechanical Engineering/Engineering and Public Policy), Carnegie Mellon University
1978 B.S. (Physics), California Polytechnic State University■ Professional Positions
2007~ Associate Professor, National University of Singapore
2003 Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
1996 A ssociate Professor, Research Institute for Economics and Business
Administration, and Graduate School of Business Administration, Kobe
University
1995 Visiting Scholar, University of Michigan
1991 Assistant Professor of Business, Pennsylvania State University
1985 Westinghouse1978 Hughes Aircraft Co.
■ Research Achievements
1. Publications
1.1. Articles
Funk, Jeffrey, “Mobile Shopping: Visions from Japan,” Technological Forecasting andSocial Change, Vol. 74, No. 3, March 2007, pp. 341-356
Funk, Jeffrey, “Solving the Startup Problem in Western Mobile Internet Markets,”
Telecommunications Policy, Vol. 14, No. 1, February 2007, pp. 14-30
Funk, Jeffrey, “Technological Change within Hierarchies: The Case of the Music
Industry,” Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 16, No. 1, January
2007, pp. 1-16
Funk, Jeffrey, “The Future of Mobile Phone-based Intranet Applications: A View fromJapan,” Technovation, Vol. 26, No. 12, December 2006, pp. 1337-1346
2. Conference Papers, Presentations
Funk, Jeffrey, “Vertical Disintegration and Industry Evolution: The Case of Information
Technology,” presented at the Academy of Management, August 3-8, 2007,
Philadelphia, PA
Funk, Jeffrey, “Vertical Disintegration and Entrepreneurship: The Case of Broadcasting,”
presented at the Academy of Management (accpepted for best paper proceedings),
August 3-8, 2007, Philadelphia, PA
Funk, Jeffrey, “Technological Discontinuities and Vertical Disintegration: Case of
IT Industry in North America,” presented at the IIR Decennial International
Symposium on Frontiers of Innovation Research: Towards an InternationallyCompetitive Nation, March 4-5, 2007, Tokyo

40

Funk, Jeffrey, “Technological Change within Hierarchies: The Cases of the
Semiconductor and Computer Sectors,” presented at the Academy of Management
Asia, December 19-21, 2006, Tokyo
Funk, Jeffrey, “The Sources and Timing of Technological Discontinuities: The Caseof the Semiconductor Industry,” presented at the Strategic Management Society
Meeting, October 29-November 1, 2006, Vienna, Austria
Funk, Jeffrey, “Technological Change and Methods of Standard Setting in the Mobile
Phone Industry,” presented at the Strategic Management Society Meeting, October
29-November 1, 2006, Vienna, Austria
Funk, Jeffrey, “New Industry Formation, Inverse Demand Curves and the Rewiring of
Networks,” presented at the Academy of Management, August 14-16, 2006, Atlanta,GA
Funk, Jeffrey, “The Sources and Timing of Technological Discontinuities and Dominant
Designs,” presented at the Academy of Management, August 14-16, 2006, Atlanta,GA
Funk, Jeffrey, “Technological Change within Nested Hierarchies: The Case of theInformation Technology Sector,” presented at the Academy of Management, August
14-16, 2006, Atlanta ,GA
Funk, Jeffrey, “Technological Change within Hierarchies: The Case of the Computer
Sector,” presented at the 11th International J.A. Schumpeter Society (ISS)
Conference on Innovation, Competition and Growth: Schumpeterian Perspectives,
June 21-24, 2006, Nice-Sophia-Antipolis

41

Tomohiro Ijichi■ Education
1994 Ph.D. (General Systems Studies - R&D Management), Graduate School of International and Interdisciplinary Studies, The University of Tokyo
1989 M.A. (General Systems Studies - R&D Management), Graduate School of International and Interdisciplinary Studies, The University of Tokyo
1987 B.Sc. (Mathematics), Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo■ Professional Positions
2007~ Professor, Faculty of Social Innovation, Seijo University
2004 Associate Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
2001 Senior Research Fellow, National Institute of Science and Technology Policy, 		Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
1998 Research Fellow, National Institute of Science and Technology Policy, Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
1997 Senior Researcher, Institute for Policy Sciences
1994 National Institute Post-doctoral Fellow, National Institute of Science and 		Technology Policy, Science and Technology Agency■ Research Achievements
1. Publications
1.1. Articles
Ijichi, Tomohiro, “Introduction to the Special Issue: Policy Analysis of the Science andTechnology Basic Plans,” The Journal of Science Policy and Research Management,
The Japan Society for Science Policy and Research Management, Vol. 21, No. 1,
2006, pp. 4-7 (in Japanese)
Ijichi, Tomohiro, “Towards an Enhanced Expert-supported Policy System: Past, Present
and Future Activities of the Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Group,” The
Journal of Science Policy and Research Management, The Japan Society for Science
Policy and Research Management, Vol. 20, No. 4, 2005, pp. 265-273 (in Japanese)
2. Unpublished Work2.1. Working Papers
Ijichi, Tomohiro and Sadao Nagaoka, “Management of IPRs for Upstream Research
Inventions in Universities and National R&D Institutes in Japan,” IIR, March 2007
(in Japanese)
Ijichi, Tomohiro, “How Innovation Is Realised by Firms in Japan: Findings from
Statistical Survey Data and a Suggestion for Science-based Industry,” Discussion
Paper Series #07-09, Corporate Innovation System Renaissance Project, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, February 2007 (inJapanese)Ijichi, Tomohiro and Hiroyuki Odagiri, “A Comparative Study of the JapanesePharmaceutical Industry with the National Innovation Survey Data,” Discussion
Paper No. 43, National Institute of Science and Technology Policy, Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, November 2006 (in Japanese)422.2. Research Reports
Report of the “Preliminary Study on the Measurement of Innovation,” Study Conductedby the Special Coordination Funds for Promoting Science and Technology in
FY2006, Contribution of “2.3.2. Statistical Observation of Innovation Activities,”
National Institute of Science and Technology Policy, Ministry of Education, Culture,
Sports, Science and Technology, March 2007 (in Japanese)
Report of the “Study on Effective Creation and Transfer of Upstream Research
Inventions: A Focus on Jointly Owned Patent Rights,” Report of a Study in the“University Research Projects on Intellectual Property Rights,” Research Program
Supported by the Japan Patent Office in FY2006 (Principal Investigator: Sadao
Nagaoka), Contribution of Chapter 2, March 2007 (in Japanese)
3. Conference Papers, Presentations
Ijichi, Tomohiro, “Industry-academia Collaborations and Intellectual Property Right
System in Japan,” presented at the IIR Decennial International Symposium on
Frontiers of Innovation Research: Towards an Internationally Competitive Nation,
March 4-5, 2007, Tokyo
Ijichi, Tomohiro, “Measuring Non-technological Innovation: Experience from theJapanese Innovation Survey,” presented at the 32nd CEIES Seminar, February 5-6,
2007, Aarhus, Denmark
Ijichi, Tomohiro, “An Analysis of Industry-academia Collaborations and Intellectual
Property Management Practices Based on a New Survey,” presented at theInternational Conference on Efficient Alliance for Commercializing Upstream
Inventions with a Focus on Co-inventions and Co-ownership, December 11, 2006,
Tokyo
Ijichi, Tomohiro, “Innovation and Patenting Activities of the Private Firms in Japan: An
Analysis Based on the Results from the Japanese National Innovation Survey 2003
(J-NIS 2003) and Patent Data,” presented at the 21st Annual Meeting of the Japan
Society for Science Policy and Research Management, October 21-22, 2006, Sendai,Japan
Ijichi, Tomohiro, “Science-based Innovation in Japan: An Assessment of the Current
State Revealed by the Results from the Japanese National Innovation Survey 2003
(J-NIS 2003) and Other Relevant Data,” presented at the Symposium on Sciencebased Innovation: Japanese Current Status and Challenge, Corporate Innovation
System Renaissance Project, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science andTechnology, October 13, 2006, Tokyo

43

Masaru Karube■ Education
1998
1995
1993

Doctor of Commerce, Hitotsubashi University
Master of Commerce, Hitotsubashi University
B.A. (Commerce), Hitotsubashi University■ Professional Positions
2006

Fulbright Visiting Scholar, Bryn Mawr College/The Wharton School of the 		
University of Pennsylvania (~2007)
2002~ Associate Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
1998 Lecturer, Faculty of Business Administration, Tokyo Keizai University■ Research Achievements
1. Publications
1.1. Books
Numagami Tsuyoshi, Masaru Karube, Toshihiko Kato, Kazuhiro Tanaka and Minoru
Shimamoto, Organizational weights, Tokyo: Nihon Keizai Shimbun, August 2007
(in Japanese)
1.2. Articles and Chapters in Books(In Japanese)
Takeishi, Akira, Yaichi Aoshima and Masaru Karube “Reasons for Innovation:
Legitimizing Resource Mobilization for Innovation in the Case of Okochi Memorial
Prize Winners,” Organizational Science, Vol. 42, No. 1, September 2008, pp. 4-14
Kato, Toshihiko, Tsuyoshi Numagami and Masaru Karube, “Construct Validity ofOrganizational Deadweight: Findings from Second Survey,” in Center for JapaneseBusiness Studies, Hitotsubashi University, ed., Frontier of Japanese BusinessStudies, Tokyo: Yuhikaku, March 2008, Chap. 7, pp. 130-155
Takeishi, Akira, Yaichi Aoshima and Masaru Karube “Reasons for Innovation:
Legitimizing Resource Mobilization for Innovation in the Case of Okochi Memorial
Prize Winners,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 55, No. 4, March 2008, pp.
22-39
Kato, Toshihiko, Tsuyoshi Numagami and Masaru Karube, “Exploring Relationshipbetween Organizational Structure and ‘Organizational Deadweight’: An Analysis of
the Second Survey,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 55, No. 4, March 2008, pp.
40-57
Hirano, Saw and Masaru Karube, “Business Case / JFE Steel: Innovation of Revamping
Technique of Large Scale Blast Furnance,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 55,
No. 2, September 2007, pp. 128-147
Numagami, Tsuyoshi, Masaru Karube, Toshihiko Kato et al., “Intra-organizational
Network and Organizational Deadweight,” Annual Report of the Economic
Society,Tohoku University, Vol. 68, No. 4, March 2007, pp. 621-634

44

Numagami, Tsuyoshi, Masaru Karube, Kazuhiro Tanaka, Minoru Shimamoto, Toshihiko
Kato and Fumihiko Ikuine, “Operationalizing Organizational Weight,” Hitotsubashi
Review of Commerce and Management , Vol. 1, No. 1, May 2006, pp. 4-22
Numagami, Tsuyoshi, Masaru Karube, Kazuhiro Tanaka, Minoru Shimamoto, Toshihiko
Kato and Fumihiko Ikuine, “Organizational Deadweight and its Characteristics:
Measurement of Organizational Deterioration,” Organizational Science, Vol. 39, No.
4, 2006, pp. 12-26
2. Unpublished Work2.1. Working Papers
Takeishi, Akira, Yaichi Aoshima and Masaru Karube, “Reasons for Innovation:
Legitimizing Resource Mobilization for Innovation in the Case of Okochi Memorial
Prize Winners,” IIR Working Paper WP#07-10, November 2007
(In Japanese)
Karube, Masaru, “Top Management and Diversification Behaviors in Japanese Firms,”
Research and Statistics Department, Economic and Industrial Policy Bureau,
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan (METI), June 2007
Karube, Masaru, “Top Management among Japanese Firms: Resent Trend in Functional
Characteristics and CEO Turnover,” IIR Working Paper WP#07-08, April 2007
Karube, Masaru, Akira Takeishi and Yaichi Aoshima, “Legitimizing Resource
Mobilization for Innovation: Preliminary Findings,” IIR Working Paper WP#07-05,
March 2007
2.2. Research Reports
Karube, Masaru, “Diversification and Organizational Structure: Findings from JapaneseFirms in the 1990s,” in Research and Statistics Department, Economic and Industrial
Policy Bureau, METI, ed., “Research Report on Panel Data Survey of JapaneseFirms in Diversification and Performance,” April 2006, pp. 139-166 (in Japanese)
3. Conference Papers, Presentations
Karube, Masaru, Tsuyoshi Numagami and Toshihiko Kato, “‘Organizational Deadweight’
as a Source of Organizational Dysfunction,” presented at the 2008 Academyof Management Annual Meeting, ‘The Questions We Ask’, August 8-13, 2008,
Anaheim, CA, USA
Karube, Masaru, “Exploring Organizational Deterioration:‘Organizational Deadweight’
as a Source of Dysfunction of Emergent Strategy in Japanese Firms,” presented
at the Wharton Entrepreneurial Program Visiting Scholar Seminar, October 2007,
Philadelphia, USA
Karube, Masaru, “When and How Does Market Share Matter? Exploring the Relationshipbetween Market Share and Profitability,” presented at the Wharton Entrepreneurial
Program Visiting Scholar Seminar, September 2007, Philadelphia, USA
Karube, Masaru, “Road to the CEO among Japanese Firms: A Preliminary Findings,”
presented at the Seminar, Sol. C. Snider Center, University of Pennsylvania, March
2, 2007, Philadelphia, USA

45

Takeishi, Akira, Masaru Karube and Yaichi Aoshima, “Legitimization under Uncertainty
in the Cases of Okochi Award Winners,” presented at the Conference of the
Academic Association for Organizational Science, Japan, June 10-11, 2006, Tokyo46

Sadao Nagaoka■ Education
1990
1980
1975

Ph.D. (Economics), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
M.S. (Management), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
B.E. (Engineering), The University of Tokyo■ Professional Positions
2004 Director, Institute of Innovation Research,Hitotsubashi University (~2008)
1997~ Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
1996 Professor, Institute of Business Research, Hitotsubashi University
1992 Professor, Faculty of Economics, Seikei University
1990 Director of the Office for Russia and Eastern Europe, the Ministry of International
Trade and Industry of Japan
1986 Economist, the World Bank (~1990)
1975 The Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Japan (~1992)■ Research Achievements
1. Publications
1.1. Articles and Chapters in Books
Nagaoka, Sadao, “Does Strong Patent Protection Facilitate International Technology
Transfer?: Some Evidence from Licensing Contracts of Japanese Firms,” Journal ofTechnology Transfer, forthcoming 2008
Nagaoka, Sadao, Akira Takeishi and Yoshihisa Noro, “Determinants of Firm Boundaries:
Empirical Analysis of the Japanese Auto Industry from 1984 to 2002,” Journal of theJapanese and International Economies, Vol. 22, No. 2, June 2008, pp. 187-206“Assessing the R&D Management of Firms in Terms of Speed and Science Linkage:
Evidence from the US Patents,” Journal of Economics and Management Strategy,Vol. 16, No. 1, Spring 2007, pp. 129-156
Nagaoka, Sadao and Hyeog Ug Kwon, “The Incidence of Cross-licensing: A Theory and
New Evidence on the Firm and Contract Level Determinants,” Research Policy, Vol.
35, No. 9, November 2006, pp. 1347-1361
Nagaoka, Sadao, “R&D and Market Value of Japanese Firms in the 1990s,” Journal of
the Japanese and International Economies, Vol. 20, No. 2, June 2006, pp. 155-176(In Japanese)
Nagaoka, Sadao and Yoshimasa Komoriya, “Direct Investments by Japanese Firms in
China and Korea: Motivations, Regulations and Performance,” in Abe, Kazutomo,
Shujiro Urata and NEDO, eds., China-Japan-Korea FTA, Tokyo: Nihon Keizai
Hyoron, February 2008, Chap. 3, pp. 51-77
Nagaoka, Sadao, “What Does Economics Say of the Regulation of Monopolization?:
Focusing on the Profit Sacrifice Doctrine,” The Annual of the Japan Association of
Economic Law, No. 50, 2007, pp. 92-105

47

Nagaoka, Sadao and Yoichiro Nishimura, “Acquisition and Use of Domestic and Foreign
Patents by Japanese Firms: An Empirical Analysis,” in Institute of Intellectual
Property, ed., Managerial and Economic Analysis of Patents, Tokyo: Yushodo,
March 2007, Chap. 1, pp. 15-37
Yamauchi, Isamu and Sadao Nagaoka, “Economic analysis of examination request
system,” in Institute of Intellectual Property, ed., Managerial and Economic Analysis
of Patents, Tokyo: Yushodo, March 2007, Chap. 14, pp. 373-407
Nagaoka, Sadao and Yoichiro Nishimura, “Empirical Analysis for Japanese Firms on
Compensation System for Employee’s Inventions: Incentive Hypothesis versus
Regulation Hypothesis,” Nihonchizaigakkaishi (Journal of Intellectual Property
Association of Japan), Vol. 3, No. 3, March 2007, pp. 31-45
1.2. Others
Nagaoka, Sadao, “Inventors & Invention Process in Japan: Some Implications on R&D
Governance,” Japan Spotligt, Japan Economic Foundation, Vol. 27, No. 3, May/June
2008, pp. 14-16
2. Unpublished Work2.1. Working Papers
Nagaoka, Sadao, Akira Takeishi and Yoshihisa Noro,“Determinants of Firm Boundaries:
Empirical Analysis of the Japanese Auto Industry from 1984 to 2002,” NBER
Working Paper No. 13063, April 2007
Nagaoka, Sadao, Tomoyuki Shimbo and Naotoshi Tsukada, “The Structure and the
Evolution of Essential Patents for Standards: Lessons from Three IT Standards,” IIR
Working Paper WP#06-08, September 2006
Nagaoka, Sadao and Reiko Aoki, “Economics of Research Exemption,” IIR Working
Paper WP#06-04, April 2006
(In Japanese)
Nagaoka, Sadao and Naotoshi Tsukada, “Innovation Process in Japan from Inventors’
Perspective: Results of RIETI Inventor Survey,” RIETI Disucussion Paper 07-J-046,
Research Institute of Economy Trade and Industry, November 2007
Ijichi, Tomohiro and Sadao Nagaoka, “Management of IPRs for Upstream Research
Inventions in Universities and National R&D Institutes in Japan,” IIR, March 2007
2.2. Research Reports“Study on Effective Creation and Transfer of Upstream Research Inventions: A Focus
on Jointly Owned Patent Rights,” Report of a Study in the “University Research
Projects on Intellectual Property Rights,” Research Program Supported by the Japan
Patent Office in FY2006 (Principal Investigator: Sadao Nagaoka), March 2007 (inJapanese)“Multiparty Licence and Competitive Strategy,” Fair Trade Commission (FTC)
Competition Policy Research Center, December 2006 (Research Project Leader:
Sadao Nagaoka, in Japanese)48

3. Conference Papers, Presentations
Nagaoka, Sadao and Bronwyn H. Hall, “Diversification and R&D Performance,”
presented at the International Conference on R&D and Firm Performance, March 22,
2008, Kunitachi, Tokyo
Nagaoka, Sadao, “Main Findings from Inventors Survey (1): Commercialization of
R&D Results,” presented at the Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry(RIETI) Policy Symposium on Innovation Process and Performance: Findings andLessons from Inventors Surveys in Japan, the U.S., and Europe, January 11, 2008,
Tokyo
Nagaoka, Sadao, “Recent Challenges to the Patent System in Japan,” presented at the
5th Shanghai International IP Forum on the Impact of WTO TRIPS Agreementon the Economic Development of Asian Countries, jointly organized by ShanghaiIntellectual Property Administration (SIPA), Munich Intellectual Property Law
Center (MIPLC), Tongji University, Shanghai and Stanford University Law School,
October 26-27, 2007, Shanghai
Nagaoka, Sadao, “Economic Analysis of Patent Law Exemption for Research on a
Patented Innovation,” presented at the International Workshop on Market forTechnology and Digital Products, September 12, 2007, IIR
Nagaoka, Sadao and Reiko Aoki, “Economic Analysis of Patent Law Exemption for
Research on a Patented Innovation,” presented at the EEA/ESEM Joint Meeting(22nd Annual Congress of the European Economic Association (EEA) and 62nd
European Meeting of the Econometric Society (ESEM)), August 27-31, 2007,
Budapest
Nagaoka, Sadao, “An Empirical Assessment of the Effects of Patent Thickets” (Keynote
Speech), The 96th International Conference on Patent & Innovation: Economic
Studies, Applied Econometric Association, June 28-29, 2007, Strasbourg
Nagaoka, Sadao and Naotoshi Tsukada, “Whether and How International Research
Collaboration Enhance Research Productivity?,” presented at the International
Workshop on Management of Foreign R&D: Experiences and Lessons fromJapanese and German Multinationals, IIR and Mercator School of Management,
Duisburg-Essen University (Germany), March 10, 2007, Tokyo
Nagaoka, Sadao, “Competition and Collaboration in Innovation,” presented at the IIR
Decennial International Symposium on Frontiers of Innovation Research: Towards
an Internationally Competitive Nation, March 4-5, 2007, Tokyo
Takeishi, Akira and Sadao Nagaoka and Yoshihisa Noro, “Determinants of Firm
Boundaries: Empirical Analysis of the Japanese Auto Industry from 1984 to 2002,”
presented at the 20th Annual TRIO Conference on Organizational Innovation andFirm Performance, supported by NBER-CEPR-TCER and Hitotsubashi University,
December 15-16, 2006, Tokyo (with Yoshihisa Noro)
Nagaoka, Sadao, “Structural Characteristics of Key Upstream Inventions: Co-inventions,Co-ownership and their Effects,” presented at the International Conference on
Efficient Alliance for Commercializing Upstream Inventions with a Focus on
Co-inventions and Co-ownership, December 11, 2006, Kunitachi, Tokyo
Nagaoka, Sadao and Koichiro Nishimura, “An Empirical Assessment of the Effectsof Patent Thickets,” presented at the Science & Technology Policy Research,
University of Sussex (SPRU) 40th Anniversary Conference on the Future of Science,
Technology and Innovation Policy: Linking Research and Practice, September 11-13,
2006, Sussex
49

Nagaoka, Sadao, “Assessing the Relatedness of Corporate Diversification of Japanese
Manufacturing Firms,” presented at the 2006 Intermediate Input-Output Meetingson Sustainability, Trade and Productivity, International Input-Output Association(IIOA), July 26-28, 2006, Sendai, Japan
Nagaoka, Sadao, Tomoyuki Shimbo and Naotoshi Tsukada, “The Emergence andStructure of Essential Patents for Standards,” presented at the 11th International
J.A. Schumpeter Society (ISS) Conference on Innovation, Competition and Growth:
Schumpeterian Perspectives, June 21-24, 2006, Nice-Sophia-Antipolis
Nagaoka, Sadao, “An Empirical Analysis of Patenting and Licensing Practices of
Research Tools from Three Perspectives,” presented at the Conference on Research
Use of Patented Inventions, organized by the Spanish National Research Council, theSpanish Patent and Trademark Office and the OECD, May 18-19, 2006, Madrid50

Toshihiro Nishiguchi■ Education
1990
1981
1977

D.Phil. (Sociology), University of Oxford
M.Sc., Imperial College, University of London
B.A., Waseda University■ Professional Positions
2007 Part-time Director, Defense Procurement Structure Improvement Foundation
2004 Fall; 2005 Summer
Visiting Scholar, Center for International Studies, Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology
2002 Summer; 2003 Summer
Visiting Senior Research Scholar, School of Public Affairs, Center for Public
Policy and Private Enterprise, University of Maryland
2001 Summer
Academic Visitor, The Judge Institute of Management, University of Cambridge
1997~ Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
1994 Associate Professor, Institute of Business Research, Hitotsubashi University
1991 Assistant Professor, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania
1990~ Post-Doctoral Fellow, INSEAD (European Institute of Business Administration)
1986 Research Fellow, International Motor Vehicle Program, Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology (~1989)■ Research Achievements
1. Publications
1.1. Books
Nishiguchi, Toshihiro, Global Neighborhoods: Strategies of Successful Organizational
Networks, Tokyo: NTT Shuppan, January 2007, 486 pages (in Japanese); Second
print, January 2008
Nishiguchi, Toshihiro, Strategic Industrial Sourcing: The Japanese Advantage (Chinese
Version of Strategic Industrial Sourcing, Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press,2000 (inJapanese), translated by Fan, Jian Ting), Shanghai: Shanghai University of Financeand Economics Press, April 2007, 443 pages
1.2. Articles
Nishiguchi, Toshihiro, “An Invitation to Network Thinking (1)-(8),” Hitotsubashi
Business Review (in Japanese)(1) Network Theory, Vol. 54, No. 1, June 2006, pp. 98-109(2) Topology, Vol. 54, No. 2, September 2006, pp. 120-132(3) Small World, Vol. 54, No. 3, December 2006, pp. 100-111(4) Social Capital, Vol. 54, No. 4, March 2007, pp. 118-131(5) Social Network, Vol. 55, No. 1, June 2007, pp. 82-94(6) Social Systems, Vol. 55, No. 2, September 2007, pp. 98-109(7) Social-system Cycles, Vol. 55, No. 3, December 2007, pp. 104-115(8) Lifestyles, Vol. 55, No. 4, March 2008, pp. 98-107

51

2. Unpublished Work2.1. Research Reports“An Exploratory Study of New Models of Defense Procurement,” Defense Procurement
Structure Improvement Foundation, 2008 (Research Project Leader: Toshihiro
Nishiguchi, in Japanese)“An International Comparative Study of Acquisitions of Defense Contractors by Foreign
Capital,” Defense Procurement Structure Improvement Foundation, 2008 (Research
Project Leader: Toshihiro Nishiguchi, in Japanese)
3. Conference Papers, Presentations
Nishiguchi, Toshihiro, “Global Neighborhoods: Strategies of Successful Organizational
Networks,” presented at the Seminar, Information Processing Society of Japan,
March 10, 2007, Kyoto
Nishiguchi, Toshihiro, “Global Neighborhoods: Strategies of Successful Organizational
Networks,” presented at the Seminar, Academic Association for Organizational
Science, Japan, July 20, 2007, Tokyo
Nishiguchi, Toshihiro, “Global Neighborhoods: Strategies of Successful Organizational
Networks,” presented at the IIR Decennial International Symposium on Frontiersof Innovation Research: Towards an Internationally Competitive Nation, March 5,2007, Tokyo

52

Akira Takeishi■ Education
1998
1990
1982

 h.D. (Management), Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute ofP
Technology
M.S. (Management), Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology
B.A. (International Relations), The University of Tokyo■ Professional Positions
2008~ Professor, Graduate School of Economics, Kyoto University
2003 Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
1998 Associate Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
1982 Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc. (~1994)■ Research Achievements
1. Publications
1.1. Articles and Chapters in Books(In Japanese)
Itami, Hiroyuki and Akira Takeishi, “(Editorial) Dynamics of Knowledge, Corporate
System and Innovation,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 55, No. 4, March 2008,
pp. 4-7
Takeishi, Akira, Yaichi Aoshima and Masaru Karube “Reasons for Innovation:
Legitimizing Resource Mobilization for Innovation in the Case of Okochi Memorial
Prize Winners,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 55, No. 4, March 2008, pp.
22-39
Takeishi, Akira and Seigo Ito, “Business Case / Toshiba: Development of Microcomputer
System for Automobile Engine Control,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 55, No.
3, December 2007, pp. 116-136
Takeishi, Akira, Young-Jae Koh, Kenichi Furukawa and Hideaki Kohzu, “Business Case
/ Matsushita: Development of Low-current-consumption Miniaturized GaAs Power
Modules for Mobile Communication Systems,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol.
55, No. 2, September 2007, pp. 110-126
Takeishi, Akira and Yaichi Aoshima, “A Product within a System: Architectural
Innovation in Manufacturing Industries,” Organizational Science, Vol. 40, No. 4,
June 2007, pp. 29-39
Zhu, Ying, Akira Takeishi and Seiichiro Yonekura, “The Timing of TechnologicalInnovation: The Case of Automotive Emission Control in the 1970s,” Organizational
Science, Vol. 40, No. 3, March 2007, pp. 78-92
Takeishi Akira, Masafumi Kanayama and Tatsuya Mizuno, “Business Case / Seiko
Epson: Development of a Quartz Watch Having an Automatic Generating System,”
Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 54, No. 2, September 2006, pp. 134-152
Takeishi, Akira, “Knowledge Management in the Inter-firm Division of Labor,” inItami, Hiroyuki, Takahiro Fujimoto, Tetsuji Okazaki, Hideshi Itoh and Tsuyoshi
Numagami, eds., Readings: The Japanese Corporate System Vol. 1 Organization
and Coordination, Tokyo: Yuhikaku, May 2006, pp. 243-272
53

2. Unpublished Work2.1. Working Papers
Takeishi, Akira, Yaichi Aoshima and Masaru Karube, “Reasons for Innovation:
Legitimizing Resource Mobilization for Innovation in the Case of Okochi Memorial
Prize Winners,” IIR Working Paper WP#07-10, November 2007
Nagaoka, Sadao, Akira Takeishi and Yoshihisa Noro,“Determinants of Firm Boundaries:
Empirical Analysis of the Japanese Auto Industry from 1984 to 2002,” NBER
Working Paper No. 13063, April 2007
Zhu, Ying, Akira Takeishi and Seiichiro Yonekura, “The Timing of TechnologicalInnovation: The Case of Automotive Emission Control in the 1970s,” IIR Working
Paper WP#06-05, May 2006
(In Japanese)
Kosaka, Genjiro and Akira Takeishi, “TDK: Development of Highly Reliable Multilayer
Ceramic Capacitors with Ni Electrode,” IIR Case Study CASE#08-01, January 2008
Takeishi, Akira, Junji Miyahara and Tomono Miki, “Fujifilm: Development of Computed
Radiography System,“ IIR Case Study CASE#07-01, July 2007
Karube, Masaru, Akira Takeishi and Yaichi Aoshima, “Legitimizing Resource
Mobilization for Innovation: Preliminary Findings,” IIR Working Paper WP#07-05,
March 2007
3. Conference Papers, Presentations
Takeishi, Akira and Tsuyoshi Numagami “Boundaries of Innovation and Social
Consensus Building: Challenge for Japanese Firms,” presented at the International
Conference on Dynamics of Knowledge, Corporate System and Innovation,
Hitotsubashi University 21st Century COE Program, December 14-16, 2007,
Nagano, Japan
Takeishi, Akira and Yaichi Aoshima, “Legitimizing Resource Mobilization for
Innovation: The Case of Okochi Award Winners,” presented at the International
Conference on Dynamics of Knowledge, Corporate System and Innovation,
Hitotsubashi University 21st Century COE Program, December 14-16, 2007,
Nagano, Japan
Takeishi, Akira, “Firm Boundaries of Japanese OEMs from 1984 to 2002,” presented at
the Korean Academy of Motor Industry, October 2007, Seoul, Korea
Takeishi, Akira, “Reasons for Innovation: Legitimizing Resource Mobilization for
Innovation in the Case of Okochi Memorial Prize Winners,” presented at the Annual
Meeting, The Academic Association for Organizational Science, Japan, October 13,
2007, Fukuoka, Japan
Takeishi, Akira and Yoshihisa Noro, “Determinants of Firm Boundaries: The Case of theJapanese Auto Industry,” presented at the 15th GERPISA International Colloquium,
June 2007, Paris, France
Takeishi, Akira and Yoshihisa Noro, “Firm Boundaries: Their Changes and Determinantsin the Japanese Auto Industry,” presented at the Conference of the Academic
Association for Organizational Science, Japan, June 3, 2007, Kyoto, Japan54

Takeishi, Akira, “Intrapreneurships within Large Corporations: Reasons andConsequences of Innovation in the Cases of Okochi Award Winners,” presented at
the IIR Decennial International Symposium on Frontiers of Innovation Research:
Towards an Internationally Competitive Nation, March 4-5, 2007, Tokyo
Takeishi, Akira, Sadao Nagaoka and Yoshihisa Noro, “Determinants of Firm Boundaries:
Empirical Analysis of the Japanese Auto Industry from 1984 to 2002,” presented
at the 20th Annual TRIO Conference on Organizational Innovation and Firm
Performance, supported by NBER-CEPR-TCER, and Hitotsubashi University,
December 15-16, 2006, Tokyo
Takeishi, Akira and Yaichi Aoshima, “Reasons for Innovation: Legitimizing Resource
Mobilization for Innovation in the Case of Okochi Memorial Prize Winners,”presented at the Center for Japanese Business Studies Forum, Graduate School ofCommerce and Management, Hitotsubashi University, November 1, 2006, Tokyo
Zhu, Ying, Akira Takeishi and Seiichiro Yonekura, “The Timing of TechnologicalInnovation:The Case of Automotive Emission Control in the 1970s,” presented at
the 11th International J.A. Schumpeter Society (ISS) Conference on Innovation,
Competition and Growth: Schumpeterian Perspectives, June 21-24, 2006, NiceSophia-Antipolis
Takeishi, Akira, Masaru Karube and Yaichi Aoshima, “Legitimization under Uncertainty
in the Cases of Okochi Award Winners,” presented at the Conference of the
Academic Association for Organizational Science, Japan, June 10-11, 2006, Tokyo
Takeishi, Akira and Kyoung-Joo Lee, “Business Ecosystem and Reverse Salient: The
Development of the Mobile Music Business in Japan and Korea,” presented at theHelsinki Mobility Round Table 2006, June 1-2, 2006, Helsinki

55

Seiichiro Yonekura■ Education
1990
1981
1979
1977

Ph.D. (History), Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
M.A. (Japanese Business History), Faculty of Social Studies, Hitotsubashi
University
B.A. (Japanese Economic History), Faculty of Economics, Hitotsubashi
Univer-sity
B.A. (Japanese History), Faculty of Social Studies, Hitotsubashi University■ Professional Positions
2008~ Director, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
2004 Spring
Visiting Professor, Institute du Management Bouygues, HEC, (France)2003
2003 Co-president, Institute of Strategy, Sony Corporation (~2004)
2003 Spring
Visiting Professor, Institute du Management Bouygues, HEC (France)
2001 Fall
J.A. Valentine Visiting Professor, Department of Marketing, University of Otago(New Zealand)
1999 Director, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University (~2001)
1997~ Professor, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University
1995 Professor, Institute of Business Research, Hitotsubashi University
1992 Core Faculty of Global Leadership Program at the University of Michigan(An Executive Program for Action Learning) (~1995)
1988 Associate Professor, Institute of Business Research, Hitotsubashi University
1984 Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Research, Hitotsubashi University
1982 Senior Research Assistant, Institute of Business Research, Hitotsubashi University■ Research Achievements
1. Publications
1.1. Books
Yonekura, Seiichiro, Entrepreneurial Breakthroughs, Tokyo: Goma Books, December
2006, 207 pages (in Japanese)
1.2. Articles
Reinmoeller, Patrick and Seiichiro Yonekura,“Corporate Resilience by Design: Managing
Design Innovation,” Hitotsubashi Business Review, Vol. 55, No. 2, September 2007,
pp. 6-24 (in Japanese)
Zhu, Ying, Akira Takeishi and Seiichiro Yonekura, “The Timing of TechnologicalInnovation: The Case of Automotive Emission Control in the 1970s,” Organizational
Science, Vol. 40, No. 3, March 2007, pp. 78-92 (in Japanese)561.3. Others
Yonekura, Seiichiro, “Steel,” Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (Peter N.
Stearns of George Mason University, the editor in chief), Oxford University Press,
forthcoming 2008
Yonekura, Seiichiro and Rieko Ota, tr. “Historical Learning for the 21 st Century: The
Last Words of Professor Alfred D. Chandler, Jr. (1)-(4),” Hitotsubashi Business
Review, Vol. 55, No. 1-4, June 2007-March 2008 (in Japanese)
2. Unpublished Work2.1. Working Papers
Zhu, Ying, Akira Takeishi and Seiichiro Yonekura, “The Timing of TechnologicalInnovation: The Case of Automotive Emission Control in the 1970s” IIR Working
Paper WP#06-05, May 2006
3. Conference Papers, Presentations
Yonekura, Seiichiro, “Japan’s Venture Sprit: A Scientific Approach to Entrepreneurship,”presented at the IIR Decennial International Symposium on Frontiers of Innovation
Research: Towards an Internationally Competitive Nation, March 4-5, 2007, Tokyo
Yonekura, Seiichiro, “Japan’s 21st Century Vision: Innovation as the Engine of the
Growth,” presented at the Vision 2030 Global Forum, supported by National
Research Council for Economics, Humanities and Social Sciences, Korea, February
1-2, 2007, Seoul
Yonekura, Seiichiro and Hiroshi Shimizu, “Entrepreneurship in Japan, Nineteenth andTwentieth Centuries,” presented at the History of Entrepreneurship Conference,
supported by Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and NYU Stern’s Berkley Center
for Entrepreneurial Studies, October 19-21, 2006, New YorkZhu, Ying, Akira Takeishi and Seiichiro Yonekura, “The Timing of TechnologicalInnovation:The Case of Automotive Emission Control in the 1970s,” presented at
the 11th International J.A. Schumpeter Society (ISS) Conference on Innovation,
Competition and Growth: Schumpeterian Perspectives, June 21-24, 2006, NiceSophia-Antipolis

57

II. Researchers

2. Visiting Researcher — Apr. 2006 ~ Mar. 2008
Shuozo Fujimura■ Education
1993
1978

Ph.D., Chiba University
B.Sc., Chiba University■ Current and Previous Positions
2005~ Professor, Graduate School of Innovation Management, Tokyo Institute of 		Technology
2002 Visiting Professor of the Hiroshi Fujiwara Endowed Chair in Venture
Finance, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotusbashi University (~2008)
1998~ ANNEAL Corporation
1978 Fujitsu, Ltd.

58

II. Researchers

3. Foreign Visiting Researchers — Apr. 2006~ Mar. 2008
Bronwyn Hall
Professor, University of California, Berkeley
4 January 2008 - 31 March 2008

Suphawan Srisuphaolarn
Associate Professor, Kasetsart University (Thailand)
1 October 2007 - 28 December 2007

Kiho Yoon
Associate Professor, Korea University
2 July 2007 - 28 September 2007

Annie Garanto
Associate Professor, University of Paris X
1 April 2007 - 30 June 2007

Franz Waldenberger
Professor, University of Munich
1 July 2006 - 30 September 2006

Hwy-Chang Moon
Professor, Seoul National University
1 April 2006 - 30 June 2006

59

60

III. Education

61

III. Education

1. Courses Given by the IIR Faculty Members — Apr. 2006 ~ Mar. 2008
Fiscal Year
2006

2007

AoshimaTakeishiTakeishi

Graduate School of Commerce and Management
Master’s and Doctoral Program
Courses provided by the Innovation kozas

Advanced Innovation Management
Innovation and Corporate Strategy
Innovation, Strategy and Organization
Interorganizational Relations
Information Network Theory
History of Technology and Entrepreneurs
Innovation, the Firm and Institution
Innovation, Industrial and Economic Growth
Economic Analysis of Innovation
Innovation and Human Resource Development
Special Lectures (including those by the IIR Visiting Professors)

Nishiguchi
Funk
Yonekura
Ijichi
Nagaoka
Chuma
Moon

AoshimaNishiguchi
Funk
Yonekura

Nagaoka
Chuma
Garanto/Yonekura

MBA Program

Business Economics
Entrepreneurship
Corporate Organization
Technology Strategy
Venture FinanceInternet Strategy
Special Lecture: Engrepreneurship and and New Industries
Workshop: Industry
Workshop: Innovation

Nagaoka
Yonekura
AoshimaTakeishiFujimura
Funk
Nagaoka /Ijichi
Chuma/Fujimura

Nagaoka
Yonekura
AoshimaTakeishiFujimura
Funk
Nagaoka
Chuma

Senior Executive Program

Case Study

Aoshima

Undergraduate Program in the Faculty of Commerce and Management

Special Lecture: Innovation Management

IIR Faculty
Members

Chuma/Nishiguchi/Aoshima

Chuma /
Nagaoka /Ijichi*

Chuma /
Nagaoka*

Graduate School of Economics
Master’s and Doctoral Program
Workshop: Industry and Labor

Note: * indicates a joint lecture with other faculty member(s) than those in the IIR.

62

III. Education

2. The IIR Library
The IIR library has collected basic resources for research on private firms since the days of its predecessor,
the Institute of Business Research (IBR), and offers its services to researchers and students inside andoutside the university. The library has 93,481 books (Japanese, 74,241; Foreign, 19,240) and 857 magazines(Japanese, 608; Foreign, 249) as of April 2008.
The most distinctive characteristic of the IIR Libray is that it has large collections of financial statements,
company histories, and biographies and profiles of top executives. The collection of company histories
includes 8,561 books (Japanese, 7,058; Foreign, 1,503), and biographies and profiles of top executives,
6,835 books (Japanese, 6,184; Foreign, 651) as of April 2008. Upon the reorganization from the IBR to
the IIR, the libary has made some changes in the types of books and magazines it has been available. Morespecifically, it has increased the number of books on innovation research, almanacs and resources on the
hi-tech industry, and magazines of technology management.

63

64

IV. Research Results / Publications

65

IV. Research Results / Publications

1. Hitotsubashi Business Review — Apr. 2006 ~ Mar. 2008
To publish the findings of its research activities, the IIR issues a quarterly journal, called the Hitotsubashi
Business Review (in Japanese). The rationale in editing the journal is to promote the theoretical andempirical study of innovation in a social and economic context. The editorial board comprises professors
from several universities and company advisors, as well as IIR professors.

■ Contents

Title of Special Issues
Vol.55 No.4

“Dynamics of Knowledge, Corporate System and Innovation”

Vol.55 No.3

“Japanese Employment System: The New Reality”

Vol.55 No.2

“Design and Competitiveness”

Vol.55 No.1

“The Theory of New Gemba-Power”

Vol.54 No.4

“New Era for Science Innovation”

Vol.54 No.3

“New Trends of Risk Control, Management and Governance”

Vol.54 No.2

“Forefront of Services Sciences, Management and Engineering”

Vol.54 No.1

“Scientific Sales Force Management”

Featured Papers
IssueVol. / No.

Mar.
2008

Vol.55
No.4

Title

Author(s)“Organization Accumulates Knowledge, Market Hiroyuki Itami(Professor, C&M, Hitotsubashi University)
Utilizes”“Reasons for Innovation: Legitimizing Resource Akira Takeishi/Yaichi Aosihma/Masaru
Mobilization for Innovation in the Case of Oko- Karube (Professor; Associate Professor;
Associate Professor, IIR)
chi Memorial Prize Winners”“Exploring Relationship between Organizational Toshihiko Kato/Tsuyoshi Numagami/MaStructure and ‘Organizational Deadweight’: An saru Karube(Associate Professor; Professor, C&M,
Analysis of the Second Survey”

Hitotsubashi University; Associate Professor, IIR)

66

“Innovation as System Re-definition”

Yaichi Aoshima/Ken Kusunoki(Associate Professor, IIR; Associate Professor, ICS, Hitotsubashi University)“International Comparison of Profitability Dispersion”

Makoto Nakano (Associate Professor, ICS,
Hitotsubashi University)

Featured Papers (continued)
Issue

Vol. / No.

Dec.
2007

Vol.55
No.3

Title

Author(s)“Major Issues on Japan's Labor Market Reform” Naohiro Yashiro(Professor, College of Liberal Arts, International Christian University)“New Internalization of Youth Employment”

Yuji Genda(Professor, Institute of Social Science,
University of Tokyo)“Myths and Facts about Job Change”

Yukio Okubo(Director, Works Institute, Recruit Co.,Ltd.)

“What Do Older Japanese Want?: Evidence from Isao Ohashi(Professor, Eco., Hitotsubashi University)
the Work Survey of Older People”“Does the Production-information System Intro- Hiroyuki Chuma/Daiji Kawaguchi(Professor, IIR; Associate Professor, Eco.,duce the Increase of Non-Standard EmployHitotsubashi University)ment?”

Sep.
2007

Vol.55
No.2“Managing Flow: A Process Theory of theKnowledge-based Firm”

Ikujiro Nonaka/Toru Hirata/Ryoko Toyama(Emeritus Professor, Hitotsubashi University; Professor, Faculty of Economics,
Kanazawa University; Associate Professor,
School of Knowledge Science, Japan Advanced Science and Technology, Hokuriku)“Corporate Resilience by Design: Managing
Design Innovation”

Patrick Reinmoeller/Seiichiro Yonekura(Associate Professor, Rotterdam School ofManagement, Erasmus University; Professor, IIR)

“Design as Corporate Resource: Design Manage- Shiro Nakamura(Executive Director, Nissan Motor Co.,
ment within the Automotive Industry”
Ltd.)“Design Strategies at Samsung Electronics”

Michio Yoshida(Director, Design Center, Samsung Japan
Corp.)“Design as Identity Strategy: A Practical Study of Takashi Odajima
the Brand Identity Strategy for NTT DoCoMo” (Representative Director, Shift, Inc.)“Design Thinking and Management of Creative
Innovation”

Naohito Okude(Professor, Faculty of Environment andInformation Studies, Keio Unversity)“Strategy Using Intellectual Property to Support
Competitiveness of Design”

Tomoko Watanabe(Patent Attorney)67

Featured Papers (continued)
Issue

Vol. / No.

Jun.
2007

Vol.55
No.1

Title

Author(s)“Gemba-power as Fundamental Organizational
Capability: Pursuing Capability-based Management”

Isao Endo(Professor, Graduate School of Commerce,
Waseda University）“Design-based Comparative Advantage: A‘Monodukuri’ Perspective”

Takahiro Fujimoto(Professor, Graduate School of Economics,
University of Tokyo）“Good Small Companies can Encourage Persons Takao Nakazawa(Professor, School of Human Science andto Be Skillful”
Environment, University of Hyogo）

Mar.
2007

Vol.54
No.4“Future of Manufacturing and Japanese Small
Firms”

Mitsuhiro Seki
(Professor, C&M, Hitosubashi University)“SMEs Forging the Future”

Shinichi Ukai
(Professor, Faculty of Commerce, Waseda
University）“Science-driven Invention and Innovation in the Masataka Hirose(Director, Advanced Semiconductor ReField of Semiconductor R&D”
search Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology)“Moore’s Law, Increasing Complexities, and Lim- Hiroyuki Chuma/Norikazu Hashimoto
its of Organization: Modern Implication of Japa- (Professor, IIR; Visiting Researcher, National Institute of Science and Technology
nese DRAM Era”
Policy)“Microelectronics for Better Society: Emerging Takahide Inoue
Role of the Leaky Knowledge Cluster in the Flat (Advisior, CITRIS, University of California)
World”“Toward a Symbiosis of Open and Closed Scienc- Hiroyuki Odagiri
es: Implication of the National Innovation Survey (Professor, Eco., Hitotsubashi University)
Results”“Harmonization of Science with Sensuousness: Koji Kuroda(Senior Researcher, Technology Develop21st Monodukuri Manufacturing Concept”
ment Center, Dai Nippon Printing Co.,Ltd.)“Partnership Accounting and Partnership Taxa- Jun Saito/Masato Hisatake(Senior Researcher, Nikon Core Technoltion: Key Facilitators for Innovation”

ogy Center; Consulting Fellow, ResearchInstitute of Economy, Trade and Industry)68

Featured Papers (continued)
Issue

Vol. / No.

Dec.
2006

Vol.54
No.3

Title

Author(s)“Brand Risk Management and Corporate Value” Kunio Ito/Tetsuyuki Kagaya(Professor; Associate Professor, C&M,
Hitotsubashi University)“Learning from Failures: Can You Find theSimilar Failure Knowledge in the Database?”

Masayuki Nakao(Professor, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo)“How Risk Management and Internal Control
would Support Corporate Governance?: From
Recent Legislations on Internal Control”

Hyo Kambayashi(President, Protiviti Japan Co., Ltd.)“Information Security Governance”

Shuji Kawaguchi(Senior Researcher, Mitsubishi ResearchInstitute)“Business Continuity Management for Overcom- Hiroaki Maruya(Professor, Institute of Economic Reing Disasters and Accidents”
search, Kyoto University)

Sep.
2006

Vol.54
No.2“How the Rating on the Environment Management of the Industries Contribute to the Risk
Management?”

Nobuyuki Kimata(Professor, Tottori University of Environmental Studies)“Entrepreneurial Approach to Service Innovations: Addressing Changing Lifestyles in Japan”

Yoshinori Fujikawa/Carl Kay(Assistant Professor; Ph.D. Student, ICS,
Hitotsubashi University)

Joji Ono“Managing Services Marketing by Customer
Based Approach: Can the Firm Expand the Share (Associate Professor, Faculty of Economics, Meiji Gakuin University)of Wallet of their Customer?”“Two Different Approaches to Service Management: Advice for Manufacturers”

Masahiro Imaeda(Management Consultant)“How to Accelerate Servicification on Manufac- Tamio Arai/Yoshiki Shimomura(Professor, Graduate School of Engituring Products”

neering, University of Tokyo; Professor,
Graduate School of System Design, Tokyo
Metropolitan University)“Service Science: Multidisciplinary Approach for Kunihiko Niwa
(Senior Fellow, Center for Research andCreating Service”

Development Strategy, Japan Science andTechnology Agency)“Aiming at the Reformation of the Service Policy”

Masakazu Toyoda(Director, Trade Policy Bureau, Ministryof Economy, Trade and Industy)“Five Issues on Service Management: From theRelationship between Service and Production to
Post-needs Based Business”

Kenichiro Senoh(Professor, Research Center for Advanced
Science and Technlogy, University ofTokyo)

69

Featured Papers (continued)
Issue

Vol. / No.

Jun.
2006

Vol.54
No.1

Title

Author(s)“Learning from Experience: How Salespeople
Gain Expertise”

Makoto Matsuo(Associate Professor, Business School,
Otaru University of Commerce)“Assessing the Profit-Chain Hypothesis: Which Is Joji Ono
the Driver and Customer Behavior that Makes the (Associate Professor, Faculty of Economics, Meiji Gakuin University)
Customer Relationship More Profitable?”“Fundamental Challenges in Sales Process Rede- Katsuyoshi Takashima(Professor, Grauduate School of Business
sign”
Administraion, Kobe University)“An Attempt to Capture the Behavior Change of Manabu Ueda
(Senior Researcher, Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.)a Sales Organization”“Exploring the New Role of Brand in Businessto-business Selling”

Takuro Yoda
(Associate Professor, Keio Business
School)“A Reassessment of the Theory of Assortment:
The Case of MUJI”

Hidehiko Nishikawa(Associate Professor, College of Business
Administration, Ritsumeikan University)

Columns
Issue

Vol./No.

Jun. 2007Mar. 2008

Vol.55 No.1Vol.55 No.4

Title

AuthorAlfred D. Chandler, Jr.
Historical Learning for the 21stCentury: The Last Words of Profes- Tr, Seiichiro Yonekura/Rieko Ota
sor Alfred .D. Chandler, Jr. (1)-(4) (Professor, IIR; Ph.D. Student, C&M
Hitotsubashi University)

Jun. 2006Mar. 2007

Vol.54 No.1Vol.54 No.4

Nexus between Knowledge, Entre- Kenichi Imai
(Senior Fellow, Emeritus, Stanfordpreneur, and Market (1)-(4)University)

Serials70

IssueVol./No.

Title

Author(s)Mar. 2008

Vol.55 No.4

Porter Prize 2007

Emi Osono(Associate Professor, ICS, Hitotsubashi
University)

Mar. 2007

Vol.54 No.4

Porter Prize 2006

Emi OsonoJun. 2006Mar. 2008

Vol.54 No.1Vol.55 No.4

An Invitation to Network Thinking(1)-(8)

Toshihiro Nishiguchi(Professor, IIR)

Business Cases
Issue

Vol./No.

Mar.
2008

Vol.55
No.4

Dec.
2007

Sep.
2007

Vol.55
No.3

Vol.55
No.2

Title

Author(s)Sony: Contactless IC Card Technology ‘FeliCa’

Yaichi Aoshima/Osamu Suzuki(Associate Professor, IIR; Ph.D. Student,
C&M, Hitotsubashi University)

Realfleet: Design Innovation ‘amadana’

Yoshinori Fujikawa/Peilun Yang/Ayano
Hirose(Associate Professor; Ph.D. Student; Ph.D.
Student, ICS, Hitotsubashi University

Toshiba: Development of Micro Computer System for Automobile Engine Control

Akira Takeishi/Seigo Ito(Professor, IIR; Ph.D. Student, C&M,
Hitotsubashi University)

Yamato Transport: Human Resource Management

Ikutaro Enatsu(Ph.D. Student, C&M, Hitotsubashi
University)

Akira Takeishi/Youngjae Koh/Kenichi
Matsushita: Deveopment of Low-current-consumption Miniaturized GaAs Power Modules for Furukawa/Hideaki Kohzu(Professor, IIR; Ph.D. Student, C&M;
Mobile Communication Systems

MBA, Hitotsubashi University; Former
COE Visiting Professor, IIR)

JFE Steel: Innovation of Revamping Techniqueof Large Scale Blast Furnance
Jun.
2007

Vol.55
No.1

Sow Hirano/Karube Masaru(Ph.D. Student, C&M, Hitotsubashi
University; Associate Professor, IIR)

Triumph International (Japan) /Wacoal: Competi- Ken Kusunoki/Miyuki Igarashi(Associate Professor, ICS; MBA,tive Strategy
Hitotsubashi University)

IRI-Ubiteq: Technological Venture Management Osamu Suzuki(Ph.D. Student, C&M, Hitotsubashi
University)

Mar.
2007

Vol.54
No.4

Bookoff: Service Innovation

Yoshinori Fujikawa/Emiko Yoshikawa(Assistant Professor; Ph.D. Student, ICS,
Hitotsubashi University)

Nichirei: Business Strategy and Human Resource Tomoyuki Shimanuki(Ph.D. Student, C&M, Hitotsubashi
Management
University)

Dec.
2006

Sep.
2006

Vol.54
No.3

Vol.54
No.2

Kyocera: Technological Development and Com- Toshihiko Kato/Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
mercialization of Long-Life Electrophtographic (Associate Professor; Ph.D. Student, C&M,
Hitotsubashi University)
Process
Nisshin Pharma: Commercialization of Coenzyme Q10

Jaewoo Park/Takeshi Matsui(Assistant Professor, Faculty of Economics,
Kobe International University; Associate
Professor, C&M, Hitotsubashi University)

Seiko Epson: Development of a Quartz Watch
Having an Automatic Generating System

Akira Takeishi/Masafumi Kanayama/
Tatsuya Mizuno(Professor, IIR; MBA; MBA, Hitotsubashi
University)

Yamaha: Technological Development and Business Model of Mobile Ringing Tone Melody

Koichiro Kodama(Program Officer, Center for JapaneseBusiness Studies, Hitotsubashi University)

71Business Cases (continued)
IssueVol./No.

Sep.
2006

Vol.54
No.1

Title

Author(s)World: HusHusH

Hyun-Chul Kim

AnGes MG: Academic Entrepreneurship

Haruomi Shindo/Emiko Tsuyuki/Masaharu
Tsujimoto(Associate Professor; Associate Professor,
Faculty of Economics, Meisei University;
Assistant Professor, Graduate Schoolof Engineering Management, Shibaura
Institute of Technology)(Associate Professor, Seoul University)

Commentaries on Key Words

72

Issue

Vol./No.

Title

AuthorMar.
2008

Vol.55
No.4

Business Philosophy

Ayano Hirose(Ph.D. Student, ICS, Hitotsubashi
University)

Dec.
2007

Vol.55
No.3

Convergence of Accounting Standards

Shoichi Tumuraya(Assistant Professor, Faculty of Economics,
Saitama University)

Sep.
2007

Vol.55
No.2

Customer Experience

Hideaki Shirane(Executive Director, Daishinsha, Inc.)

Jun.
2007

Vol.55
No.1

Behavioral FinanceSeki Obata(Associate Professor, Keio Business
School)Mar.
2007

Vol.54
No.4

Virtual Economy

Dimitry Rtischev(Associate Professor, ICS, Hitotsubashi
University)

Dec.
2006

Vol.54
No.3

Power of Design

Tsutomu Kamegai(President, Gravityone, Inc.)

Sep.
2006

Vol.54
No.2

Web 2.0

Susumu Kanemune(Associate Professor, Computer Center,
Hitotsubashi University)

Jun.
2006

Vol.54
No.1

Corporation Act

Taro Sakai(Associate Professor, Law, Hitotsubashi
University)

Management Forum
Issue

Vol./No.

Interviewee

Interviewer(s)

Mar.
2008

Vol.55
No.4

Toru Shimada(President, Rakuten Baseball, Inc.)

Seiichiro Yonekura

Dec..
2007

Vol.55
No.3

Shuji Abe
(President, Yoshinoya Co., Ltd.)

Seiichiro Yonekura

Sep.
2007

Vol.55
No.2

Naoto Fukasawa(Product Designer)

Seiichiro Yonekura/
Patric Reinmoeller

Jun.
2007

Vol.55
No.1

Kunio Egashira(Chairman, Ajinomoto Co., Inc.)

Seiichiro Yonekura

Mar.
2007

Vol.54
No.4

Keiji Tachikawa(Chief Director, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency)

Seiichiro Yonekura

Dec.
2006

Vol.54
No.3

Katsuhiko Yasuo(Director, Division of Information Security, Yahoo Japan Corp.)

Seiichiro Yonekura

Sep.
2006

Vol.54
No.2

Shoichiro Iwata(President/CEO, Askul Corp.)

Seiichiro Yonekura

Jun.
2006

Vol.54
No.1

Bunshu Sou(Chairman, Softbrain Co., Ltd.)

Seiichiro Yonekura

Reviewed Articles
Issue

Vol./No.

Tilte

Author(s)

Dec.
2007

Vol.55
No.3“Social and Environmental Disclosure, Corporate Yuko Kitora
Social Performance, and their Effects on Corpo- (Assistant Professor, Faculty of Social
Studies, Doshisha University)
rate Reputation”

Sep.
2007

Vo.55
No.2

“Organizational Management on Demancd Fore- Mikihisa Nakano/Nobunori Oji(Associate Professor, Faculty of Businesscasting: A Case Study of Kao Corporation”

Jun.
2007

Vol.55
No.1“The Advancement of Relational Skills and theEnhancement of Advanced Research and Development Cooperation between Assembler and
Suppliers in the Japanese Automobile Industry”

Administration, Kyoto Sangyo University;
Deputy Manager, MK Development
Center, Kao Corp.)
Yoshinori Konno(Associate Professor, Faculty of Business
Administration, Hosei University)73IV. Research Results / Publications

2. Working Papers — Apr. 2006 ~ Mar. 2008
.

Title

Author(s)WP#08-03 Mar. 2008 “The Current Situation and Issues of Banking in Hangzhou andWenzhou” (in Japanese)

Xiaomei Zhang

WP#08-02 Mar. 2008 “Technology Imports and Firm Performance” (in Japanese)

Tomoyuki Shimbo

WP#08-01 Feb. 2008 “Evaluating the Impact of Technology Development Funds in
Emerging Economies: Evidence from Latin-America”

Bronwyn H. Hall/
Alessandro Maffioli

WP#07-11 Dec. 2007 “Innovation in Service Sector: Theoretical Framework and Case
Studies of Japanese Services Firms: Preliminary Discussion”

Suphawan Srisuphaolarn

WP#07-10 Nov. 2007 “Reasons for Innovation: Legitimizing Resource Mobilization for Akira Takeishi/Yaichi Aosihma/MaInnovation in the Case of Okochi Memorial Prize Winners”
saru Karube

WP#07-09 Sep. 2007 “On the Impact of Digital Music Distribution”

Kiho Yoon

WP#07-08 Apr. 2007 “Top Management among Japanese Firms: Resent Trend in Func- Masaru Karube
tional Characteristics and CEO Turnover ” (in Japanese)
WP#07-07 Apr. 2007 “Intangible Assets and Evaluation in Japanese Firms” (in Japanese) Tetsuyuki Kagaya
WP#07-06 Mar. 2007 “Global Corporate Strategy” (in Japanese)

Ng Shuk Yee Sally

WP#07-05 Mar. 2007 “Legitimizing Resource Mobilization for Innovation: Preliminary Masaru Karube/Akira Takeishi/Yaichi
Findings” (in Japanese)
Aoshima

WP#06-08 Sep. 2006 “The Structure and the Evolution of Essential Patents for Standards: Lessons from Three IT Standards”

Sadao Nagaoka/Tomoyuki Shimbo

WP#06-07 Jun. 2006 “An Interdisciplinary Approach of Culture and Business Competi- Hwy-Chang Moon
tiveness to the Analysis of Western and East Asian Models”
WP#06-05 May 2006 “The Timing of Technological Innovation:The Case of Automotive Ying Zhu/Akira
Takeishi/Seiichiro
Emission Control in the 1970s”
Yonekura

WP#06-04 Apr. 2006 “Economics of Research Exemption”

74

Sadao Nagaoka/Reiko Aoki

IV. Research Results / Publications

3. Case Studies — Apr. 2006 ~ Mar. 2008
(In Japanese)

Title

Author(s)Eishi Fukushima
CASE#08-02 Mar. 2008 “Tokyo Electric Power, NGK Insulators: Development andCommercial Viability of the Sodium-Sulfur Battery for Electric
Energy Storage”

CASE#08-01 Jan. 2008 “TDK: Development of Highly Reliable Multilayer Ceramic
Capacitors with Ni Electrode”

Genjiro Kosaka/
Akira Takeishi

CASE#07-07 Sep. 2007 “NEC: Development of Hemispherical-Grained (HSG) Silicon
Storage Electrodes”

Masaaki Sakamoto

CASE#07-06 Sep. 2007 “Hitachi: Development of Direct On-chip Wiring Formation
System for LSIs”

Yaichi Aoshima

CASE#07-05 Aug. 2007 “Wuxi Little Swan: Development and Pitfalls of China's Home
Appliances Makers”

Yaichi Aoshima/Jinwei Zhu/Ng ShukYee Sally

CASE#07-04 Aug. 2007 “Toshiba: Development of Microcomputer System for Automo- Akira Takeishi/Seigo Itobile Engine Control”
CASE#07-03 Jul. 2007 “Sony: FeliCa (B): Business Model Development”

Osamu Suzuki/Yaichi Aoshima

CASE#07-02 Jul. 2007 “Sony FeliCa (A): Issues in Business Incubation and Technological Development”

Yaichi Aoshima/
Osamu Suzuki

CASE#07-01 Jul. 2007 “Fujifilm: Development of Computed Radiography System”

Akira Takeishi/ Junji
Miyahara/ Tomono
Miki

Sow Hirano/Masaru
CASE#06-02 Aug. 2008 “JFE Steel: Short Term Revamping Technique of Large Scale
Blast Furnance; Development of Large Block Ring Construction Karube
Method”

75IV. Research Results / Publications

4. IIR Innovation Video Library
IIR has been developing visual materials for education in management of technology and innovation. IIR Video
Library has been opened to lend out these materials. The Library currently consists of two series: (1) MOTV “TheCentury of Innovation” and (2) MOT Video Case.

■ MOTV

1. “The Century of Innovation: American History”(1) “The Telephone.” Simon & Goodman Picture Company/WGBH, Boston, 1997 (51minutes)(2) “Empire of the Air: The Men Who Made Radio.” Florentine Film/WETA, Washington, 1991 (55 minutes/58 minutes)(3) “Wizard of Photography.” Green Light Productions/WGBH, Boston, 2000 (52 minutes)(4) “Transistorized!” ScienCentral/KTCA, 1999 (57minutes)(5) “Silicon Valley: 2001.” Santa Clara Valley Historical Association/OPB, Oregon, 2000 (55 minutes)(6) “Triumph of the Nerds.” RM Associates/Channel 4 & OPB, Oregon, 1996 (51minutes /51minutes/51minutes)(7) “Nerds 2.0.1.: A Brief History of the Internet.” OPB, Oregon, 1998 (61minutes /61minutes /63 minutes)(8) “Electric Money.” RM Associates/OPB, Oregon, 2001 (57minutes /58 minutes)(9) “Merchants of Cool.” 10-20 Productions/WGBH, Boston, 2001 (54 minutes)     2. “The Century of Innovation: Technology and Society”(10) “Edison’s Miracle of Light,” PBS/WGBH, 1995 (57 minutes)(11) “The Pill,” PBS/WGBH, 2002 (53 minutes)(12) “The Rise and Fall of GM,” Channel Four Television Corporation, 2000 (79 minutes)(13) “The Murdochs: Building an Empire,” Australia ABC, 2002 (57 minutes)■ MOT Video Case

(1) “Fuji Electric Retail Systems” (53 minutes)(2) “Nihon Kaiheiki Industries” (15 minutes)(3) “Toray Dow Corning Silicon” (25 minutes)(4) “Toray: Torayca” (34 minutes)(5) “Terumo: Catheter” (54 minutes)(6) “IRI-Ubiteq: Value Creation through Technology Recombination ” (32 minutes)(7) “AnGes MG: Academic Spun-off” (34 minutes)(8) “Sony: Contactless IC Card Technology ‘FeliCa’” (60 minutes)

76‘The new combinations appear discontinuously, then the phenomenon
characterising development emerges.’            Joseph A. Schumpeter
The Theory of Economic Development

Institute of Innovation Research
Hitotsubashi University
2-1 Naka, Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8603, Japan
Tel: +81-(0) 425-80-8411
	   Fax: +81-(0) 425-80-8410
http://www.iir.hit-u.ac.jp/iir-w3/index.html

59

ANNUAL REPORT2004 2005