Strong Motion Attenuation
Relationship for PSHMs in Japan

Hongjun SIKozo Keikaku Eng. Inc/ERI, Univ. of Tokyo
2011 KOZO KEIKAKU ENGINEERING Inc.

The 1st Annual Meeting of the Strategic Chinese-Korean-Japanese Cooperative Program: Seismic Hazard
Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November 25~30, 2011, Harbin, ChinaOutline
 Tectonics surrounding Japan
 Strong motion observation network
 GMPE for PSHMs in Japan Applicability to worldwide data
 About the 2011 Mw9.1 Tohoku earthquake Summary2011 KOZO KEIKAKU ENGINEERING Inc.

The 1st Annual Meeting of the Strategic Chinese-Korean-Japanese Cooperative Program: Seismic Hazard
Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November 25~30, 2011, Harbin, China

Tectonics for Japan

Taira (2001)
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The 1st Annual Meeting of the Strategic Chinese-Korean-Japanese Cooperative Program: Seismic Hazard
Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November 25~30, 2011, Harbin, China

Seismicity along tectonic
boundaries

By Bird (2003)2011 KOZO KEIKAKU ENGINEERING Inc.

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The 1st Annual Meeting of the Strategic Chinese-Korean-Japanese Cooperative Program: Seismic Hazard
Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November 25~30, 2011, Harbin, China

Main earthquakes

The 2011 Tohoku earthquake

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The 1st Annual Meeting of the Strategic Chinese-Korean-Japanese Cooperative Program: Seismic Hazard
Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November 25~30, 2011, Harbin, China

The types of earthquakes that occur in theJapanese archipelago and the surrounding area

http://www.hp1039.jishin.go.jp/eqchreng/f2-18.htm
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The 1st Annual Meeting of the Strategic Chinese-Korean-Japanese Cooperative Program: Seismic Hazard
Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November 25~30, 2011, Harbin, China

Strong motion
observation
networks inJapan

After Midorikawa(2005)2011 KOZO KEIKAKU ENGINEERING Inc.

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The 1st Annual Meeting of the Strategic Chinese-Korean-Japanese Cooperative Program: Seismic Hazard
Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November 25~30, 2011, Harbin, China

Si and Midorikawa (1999) for PGVAttenuation relation in Japan by Si and Midorikawa (1999)
log PGV = 0.58M w + 0.0038 D + d − log( X + 0.0028 • 100.5 M w ) − 0.002 X − 1.29
where X, Mw show fault distance, and moment magnitude, respectively. D is focal
depth represented by the depth of the center of a fault plane. d shows is defined as bellow:

d=0.0 for crustal-0.02 for inter-plate0.12 for intra-plate
Si and Midorikawa (1999) isdefined on stiff ground with
Vs30=600m/s

http://www.hp1039.jishin.go.jp/eqchreng/f2-18.htm

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The 1st Annual Meeting of the Strategic Chinese-Korean-Japanese Cooperative Program: Seismic Hazard
Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November 25~30, 2011, Harbin, China

Effects of earthquake type
Attenuation relation in Japan by Si and Midorikawa (1999)
103

102

Inter plate
プレート間地震

102
地殻内地震
CrustalPGV cm/s
cm/s
最大速度.

2 2cm/s
最大加速度
PGA cm/s

プレート内地震Intra plate
Intraplate
プレート内地震
Crustal
地殻内地震

101Inter plate
プレート間地震

ACC.
M w = 7.0
Depth = 20 km

101

110VEL.
M w = 7.0
Depth = 20 km
2

10100

101

102

Fault
distance kmkm
断層最短距離Evaluating the effects on strong motion by the earthquakes
with different tectonic setting, applicable to near source area
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The 1st Annual Meeting of the Strategic Chinese-Korean-Japanese Cooperative Program: Seismic Hazard
Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November 25~30, 2011, Harbin, China

Effects of focus depth
Attenuation relation in Japan by Si and Midorikawa (1999)
103
Depth = 30 km

Depth = 100 km

PGV cm/s
最大速度cm/s

22
最大加速度
PGA cm/scm/s

Depth = 30 km

102

ACC.
Mw = 7.0
プレート内地震Depth = 100 km

101

100

Intra-subduction-plateVEL.
Mw = 7.0
プレート内地震Intra-subduction-plate

110 110102

103

101102Fault
distance kmkm
断層最短距離Evaluating the effects of focus depth and site effects onstrong ground motion
2011 KOZO KEIKAKU ENGINEERING Inc.

103

The 1st Annual Meeting of the Strategic Chinese-Korean-Japanese Cooperative Program: Seismic Hazard
Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November 25~30, 2011, Harbin, China

Main Application of Si and Midorikawa(1999)
National wide hazard map

Earthquake Early Warning

After NIED

After JMA

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The 1st Annual Meeting of the Strategic Chinese-Korean-Japanese Cooperative Program: Seismic Hazard
Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November 25~30, 2011, Harbin, China

Applicability of the GMPE in Japanto the earthquakes in the world 1
Crustal event: The 1994 Mw6.7 Northridge , California earthquake

102

P.G.V cm/s

P.G.A cm/s2

103

102

101

100

100

M w = 6.69
Crustal
Si and M idorikawa(1999)+/-σ=0.27

101

101

102

103

M w = 6.69
Crustal
Si and M idorikawa(1999)+/-σ=0.23

100

101

102

Fault distance km

Fault distance km
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103

The 1st Annual Meeting of the Strategic Chinese-Korean-Japanese Cooperative Program: Seismic Hazard
Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November 25~30, 2011, Harbin, China

Applicability of the GMPE in Japanto the earthquakes in the world 2
Crustal event: The 2008 Mw7.9 Great Wenchuan, Sichuan, China
WCWP.G.A ( cm/s2 )

MZQ

102

SFB

P.G.V ( cm/s )

103

102

Soil
Bed Rock
101

100

101

102

WCW

SFB

101

Soil
Bed Rock100

Mw = 7.9
Si and Midorikawa(1999)+/-σ=0.27

MZQ

Mw = 7.9
Si and Midorikawa(1999)+/-σ=0.23
100

Fault distance ( k m )

101

102

Fault distance ( k m )2011 KOZO KEIKAKU ENGINEERING Inc.

The 1st Annual Meeting of the Strategic Chinese-Korean-Japanese Cooperative Program: Seismic Hazard
Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November 25~30, 2011, Harbin, China

Applicability of the GMPE in Japanto the earthquakes in the world 3
Crustal event:The 2010 Mw7.2 BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO

102

P.G.V cm/s

P.G.A cm/s2103

102

101

100

Crustal event:The 1999 Mw7.62 Chi-Chi earthquake

M w = 7.2
Crustal
Si and M idorikawa(1999)+/-σ=0.27

101

101

100

102

Mw = 7.62, aveFDepth=13 km
Crustal
Si and Midorikawa(1999)+/-σ=0.23

103

100

101
Fault distance km

Fault distance k m
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102

The 1st Annual Meeting of the Strategic Chinese-Korean-Japanese Cooperative Program: Seismic Hazard
Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November 25~30, 2011, Harbin, China

Applicability of the GMPE in Japan to theearthquakes in the world: NGA-PGA

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… 14 …

The 1st Annual Meeting of the Strategic Chinese-Korean-Japanese Cooperative Program: Seismic Hazard
Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November 25~30, 2011, Harbin, China

Applicability of the GMPE in Japan to theearthquakes in the world: NGA-PGV2011 KOZO KEIKAKU ENGINEERING Inc.

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The 1st Annual Meeting of the Strategic Chinese-Korean-Japanese Cooperative Program: Seismic Hazard
Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November 25~30, 2011, Harbin, China

Strong motion recorded during the 2011
Mw9.1 Tohoku earthquake2011 KOZO KEIKAKU ENGINEERING Inc.

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The 1st Annual Meeting of the Strategic Chinese-Korean-Japanese Cooperative Program: Seismic Hazard
Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November 25~30, 2011, Harbin, China

PGA&PGV for the 2011 Tohoku earthquake

P.G.A. ( cm/s2 )103102

K-NETKiK-net
101

M w = 9.1
Si and Midorikawa (1999)
Standard Deviation=0.27
100101102

Fault Distance ( km )Koketsu et al. (2011)

Si, H., Kuyuk, H. S., Koketsu, K. & Miyake, M. Attenuation characteristics of peak ground motion
during the 2011 Tohoku, Japan, earthquake, Seismol. Res. Lett. 82, 460 (2011)
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The 1st Annual Meeting of the Strategic Chinese-Korean-Japanese Cooperative Program: Seismic Hazard
Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November 25~30, 2011, Harbin, China

Comments by Boore (2011)
http://www.daveboore.com/daves_notes/co
mparisons_of_ground_motions_from_the_m_9_tohoku_earthquake_with_gmpes_v1.
4.pdf

Figure 2. Observed and predicted
ground motions (see text for
definitions of the GMPEabbreviations). The yellow bandcorresponds to minus and plus one
standard deviation in predictedvalues for the Zea06 GMPEs for S
30 V of 345 m/s (because Zea06 uses
discrete site classes, the motions are
the same as for S 30 V of 586 m/s,
because their site class 2 ranges
from 300 to 600 m/s).
Figure 4. Similar to Figure 2, adding
LL08, Aea10, MP10 GMPEs, andBCHydro10, and showing soil sites onlyfor GMPEs (except for Aea10 andMP10, which are only for rock).

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The 1st Annual Meeting of the Strategic Chinese-Korean-Japanese Cooperative Program: Seismic Hazard
Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November 25~30, 2011, Harbin, China

Comparison of Peak motions for the 2011 Mw9.1 Tohoku
and the 2003 Mw8.3 Tokachi-oki earthquake
102

P.G.V. ( cm/s )P.G.A. ( cm/s2 )

103

210

This earthqukae2003 Off Tokachi

101

This earthquake
2003 Off Tokachi100

110Si and Midorikawa (1999) Mw = 9.1
Si and Midorikawa (1999) Mw = 8.2

100

101

Si and Midorikawa (1999) Mw = 9.1
Si and Midorikawa (1999) Mw = 8.2

102

Fault Distance ( km )100Koketsu et al. (2004)

101

102

Fault Distance ( km )Si, H., Kuyuk, H. S., Koketsu, K. & Miyake, M. Attenuation characteristics of peak ground motion
during the 2011 Tohoku, Japan, earthquake, Seismol. Res. Lett. 82, 460 (2011)
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The 1st Annual Meeting of the Strategic Chinese-Korean-Japanese Cooperative Program: Seismic Hazard
Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November 25~30, 2011, Harbin, China

2010 Chile and 2001 Peru earthqauke
2 0 1 0 0 2 2 7 0 6 3 4 A NEAR COAST OF CENTRAL CH

0 6 2 3 0 1 E NEAR COAST OF PERU

Date: 2010/ 2/27 Centroid Time: 6:35:14.5 GMT

Date: 2001/ 6/23 Centroid Time: 20:34:23.3 GMT

Lat= -35.98 Lon= -73.15

Lat= -17.28 Lon= -72.71

Depth= 23.2 Half duration=60.0

Depth= 29.6 Half duration=43.2

Centroid time minus hypocenter time: 58.9

Centroid time minus hypocenter time: 69.2Moment Tensor: Expo=29 1.040 -0.039 -1.000 0.304 -1.520 -0.119

Moment Tensor: Expo=28 2.245 -0.547 -1.698 1.339 -3.728 1.444

Mw = 8.8

Ms = 8.3 Scalar Moment = 1.86e+29

Mw = 8.4

Fault plane: strike=19

dip=18 slip=116

Fault plane: strike=310

dip=18 slip=63

Fault plane: strike=172

dip=74 slip=82

Fault plane: strike=159

dip=74 slip=98

mb = 0.0

Global CMT

Poiata et al. （2010）2011 KOZO KEIKAKU ENGINEERING Inc.

mb = 6.7

Ms = 8.2 Scalar Moment = 4.67e+28Boroschek et al. (2010)

The 1st Annual Meeting of the Strategic Chinese-Korean-Japanese Cooperative Program: Seismic Hazard
Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November 25~30, 2011, Harbin, China

Application of GMPE for Mw9 Mega-thrustlog A = b -log ( X+c ) - k X
earthquakes

Coefficientb543PGV

2678910Moment magnitude

Si, H., Koketsu, K. & Miyake, M, Midorikawa S. Attenuation Characteristics of Peak Ground Motions from
Giant Earthquakes - The 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Other Giant Earthquakes -, Fall meeting of SSJ (2011)
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The 1st Annual Meeting of the Strategic Chinese-Korean-Japanese Cooperative Program: Seismic Hazard
Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November 25~30, 2011, Harbin, China

Strong motion for the 2011 Tohoku earthquake(when using Equivalent Hypo. Distance)
102

3

P.G.V. ( cm/s )P.G.A. ( cm/s2)

102

10K-NET
KiK-net

101

101

K-NET
KiK-net100

ERI, Univ. of Tokyo

ERI, Univ. of Tokyo

Si and Midorikawa (1999) Mw = 9.1
101102103

Equivalent Hypo. Distance ( km )Si and Midorikawa (1999) Mw = 9.1102103101
Equivalent Hypo. Distance ( km )・ Using the slip model by Koketsu et al. (2011)
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The 1st Annual Meeting of the Strategic Chinese-Korean-Japanese Cooperative Program: Seismic Hazard
Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November 25~30, 2011, Harbin, China

Si and Midorikawa (1999) for PGV using Ehd
Attenuation relation in Japan by Si and Midorikawa (1999)
log PGV = 0.58M w + 0.0031D + d − log X eq − 0.002 X − 1.25
where X, Mw show EHD, and moment magnitude, respectively. D is focal depth
represented by the depth of the center of a fault plane. d shows is defined as bellow:

d=0.0 for crustal
0.06 for inter-plate0.16 for intra-plate
Si and Midorikawa (1999) isdefined on stiff ground with
Vs30=600m/s

http://www.hp1039.jishin.go.jp/eqchreng/f2-18.htm

2011 KOZO KEIKAKU ENGINEERING Inc.

The 1st Annual Meeting of the Strategic Chinese-Korean-Japanese Cooperative Program: Seismic Hazard
Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November 25~30, 2011, Harbin, China

Calculation of Ehd
Slip model by Koketsu et al.(2011)

Definition of EhdM∑
X =M
∑Xeq

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The 1st Annual Meeting of the Strategic Chinese-Korean-Japanese Cooperative Program: Seismic Hazard
Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November 25~30, 2011, Harbin, China

Summary Attenuation model for PSHMs in Japan also canbe applied to the strong motion data world wide
 When using closest distance to the fault plane,
additional saturation for M should me consideredin an attenuation model. Fortunately, thissaturation has been considered in the hazardmap in Japan.
 the attenuation model using equivalent hypo.
distance seems can be applied to a Mw9 megathrust earthquake.
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The 1st Annual Meeting of the Strategic Chinese-Korean-Japanese Cooperative Program: Seismic Hazard
Assessment for the Next Generation Map, November 25~30, 2011, Harbin, China

FIN
Thank you !

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