lSSN O912−741．0

No．4 AUGUST1987．ヽ ご′JI・I■．ヾ，・㌧∵rT．†J，†？
ハ■rだ尺．＼ ．1TJり．＼■．1上．⊥」人上こど。＼−l■J尺（ハ 。IJ〃．＼ r（1り一Il．11JTT∫仁

一Forβe〝erLa舟e〃a〃a9eme〃f■−This NewsIetteris also avaiIableinJapanese．

FOUNDING COMMJTTEE MEETJNG

genralbu＄isミ；fm．

OnApri124，1987at HotelNewOtaniin Chiyoda−Ku，appIICationforapprovaltobeinauguratedasafounda−tion wi be submittedin September this year．
Tokyothe FoundingCommitteemettoincorporatethelntemationalLakeEnvironmentCommittee（ILEC）intoa≪participantsinPreparatoryMeetingoflLECFoundation＞・
foundation．
Prof，TakeshT Goda
Professor，SetunanUniv．；ReguT
1LECis a ndn−gOVernmentalorganization（NGO）
lar Member and Treasurer of
established on February21，1986，for the purpose oflLEC．
PrOmOtingthepreservationoflakeenvironmentsofthe
Mr．BunbeiHara
13th Minister，Environment
WOrld．ForaIlassistanceglVeninvariousformsbyUnited
Agency；NationalDietMember
Nations Environment Programme（UNEP）．rLEC fun−
（House of Counci10rS）；Secret−damenta ydependsuponShigaPrefectureforfinancial
ary，UnionsofDietMembersfor
SuPPOrt，lLEC nowCOnfronts theissue of deve10Plng
Problems on GIobalEnviron−
fLJtureaCtivitiesand building afirm basisforoperation，
ment．
includingsecunng astableandindependentsource ofPresident，KansaiFederation of
Mr．HosaiHyuga
reVenUe．
Economic Organization．
The plan toincorporatelLECinto afoundation met
Mr．Minorulnaba
Governor，SMga Prefecture．
With approvalat the2nd generalmeeting heId from
Mr．Sukio‡watare
February18through20this year．Shiga Prefecture，ln
NationalDietMember（Houseof
response to this．appropriated200mi ion yeninits
Representatives）；Secretary，
budget this fiscalyear as aninitialendowment，lLEC
Unions of Diet Members for
Problems on GlobalEnviron−intends to make a start as a foundation with thisment．
endowment，eVentuallyincrea＄ingits ba＄ic as＄et＄
With contributions fromThe lLEC Bureau
Meeting，heId on May
llthisyearinOtsuCity，
deliberated and ap−
PrOVed the proposed
amendmentofthelLEC
Constitution to change
the organization tor
incOrpOration into a†oundation．
lLEC is scheduled to
COmPIete coordination
O一層ts A「【icles of Asso−
Ciation，bu＄int）S＄PrOg−
ram＄，etC．With the En−
Vironment Agency andthe Ministry of Forelgn
Affairs，Which areto be
COmPetent authorities
forlLEC．TherIaformaI

Prof．1chiTO Kato
Prof．Tatuo Kira

Prof．Jiro Kondo

Prof．Sh山ChiMori
Prof．Azuma Okuda
Prof．T＄unahide Shidei
Mr．Masayo＄hiTakemura

AdvisertoEnvironmentAgency：
EmeritusProfe＄SOr，TokyoUniv．
Director，Lake Biwa ResearchInstitute；Regular Member andChairperson oflLEC；Emeritus
Profe＄＄Or，Osaka Municipal
Univ．
President，Science CounGi10f
Japan；Emeritus Professor．
Tokyo Univ．

COUnCiJors and scientific committee members

Thechairmanpresentedfordeliberationadraftlist
Of the board of directors．the counci10rS and thePresident，ShigaUniv．；Emeritus
Prof（〉＄＄Or，KyoモO Univ．

Cy）and15scientific committee membersincluding

Eme仙」＄ProfeさSOr，Kyoto Univ．
Emeritu＄Professor，Kyoto Univ．
NationalDietMember（Houseof
Repre＄entatives）；Secretary，Unions of Diet Members for
Problems on G10baIEnviron−15th Minister，Environment

Aq8nCy．
Prof・Kiyo−O Wadachi President，CentraIEnvironmental
Pollリーion Councjl．
Mr. Kei Yamazaki

5−Matters■pertaining tothe designation ofdirectors．

SCientific committee members．Eleven directorsin−
Cluding Mr，KeiYamazaki（aformerVice−Ministerof
Environment AgencyJ，10 councirorsincluding Mr．
MinoruUeda（the15thMinisterofEnvironmentAgen−

ment．
Mr．Minoru Ueda

The busjness programs and budgets of revenue＄
and expenditures for fiscal 1987 and 1988 wereunanimously approved．

Former Vice−Minister，EnvirorT−

ment Agency

Prof・TatsLJO Kira were unanimously designated．
6−Matterspertainingtotherecommendationofcandi−dates for advisers

Afler discusslng the candidate＄Ior adviser＄Pre−＄ented by the chairman，5 personsincluding Mr，Masayo＄hiTakemura（a member of the House ofRepresentatives and a former Governor of Shiga
Prefecture）were unanimously designated as candi−datesforadvisersforrecommendationtotheboardof

directors aftertheinauguration of the foundation．
7−Matterspertainingtothedesignationofrepresenta−
tive

Prof・TatsuoKirawasdesignatedastherepre＄enta−
tive．

≪proceedings≫（1）on theincorporation oflLEC
Mr・MinoruInaba，GovemorofShjgaPrefectureandadvocate ofincorporation，delivered the opening
address．

rLEC s BUREAU MEETING
TodeterminethepoI■Cyforcontrolandmanagement

OftasksconfrontinglLEC，ameetingofthelLECBoard
Of Directorswas held on Maylland12，1987，atthe（2）onthe progre≦suptotheincorporation
Prof・Tatsuo Kira，Founding Committee representa−
tive，madeareportontheprogressintheincorporation
OfルEC．

lLEC officein Otsu City．

AtthemeetingMr・TatsuoKira，Chairperson；lng．C．E．
Bauer，ViceChairperson；PTOf．TakeshiGoda．Trea＄
and Dr・Michio Hashimoto，Secretary−Generalwere
PreSent．

（3）Designation ofthe chairman
Prof．Tatsuo Kira wasinstalled as chairman．

AfteraTePOrLonthestatusofthejncorporationof（LEC
includingthemeetingoftheFoundingCommittee，held（4）Agendaitem＄
Thefo owmgitems on the agendawere discussed：
トMatterspertainingtotheestabIishmentofafounda−tion forlnternationalLake Environment Committee
After the expIanation of the prospectus by the
SeCretariat of the Founding Committee（hereinafterreferredto asthe secretariat ■），the chairman prop−
OSed to establish afoundation forlnternationaILake
EnvironmentCommittee；hisproposalmetwithunani−
mou5aPPrOVal．
2−Matters pertaining to the ArticJe＄OfAssociation
Afterexpfanationbythesecretariatanddeliberation
atthereque＄tOfthechairman，theproposedArticles
OfAs＄OCiationforthe rnternationalLake Environment
Committee FoLJndationwere unanimousFyapproved．
3−Matterspertainingtotheinventory
Thedetailsofassetsownedbythefoundationatits
inauguration were unanimousIy approved．
4−Matters pertaining to the business programs andbudgets

tion，theArliclesofAssociationandmanagementofthe

OnApri124，1987，anam苧ndmentofthelLECConstitu−

2fundsweredeLiberated・After＄OmeChanges，theprop−

OSed＾rticles of Association and other plans wereapproved．
14TH SESSION OF UNEPGOVERNING COUNCIL
During8−13June，takingthe oppor（unityofthe14th
Ses＄ion of UNEPGoverning Council，held8−19June，Prof．Kira and twoILEC staff members visited UNEP

headquartersinNairobitodiscussthefurtherdevelop−
mentofthelLEC／UNEPjointproJeCt．Theyalsotalked

WithHungariandelegatesabouttheircooperationinthe
3rd World Lake Conference lBalaton 88， ．

OnlOJune at the Committee of the Whole of theGoverning Council，Prof．Kira stated thatILEC wasestablishedin1986to serve a＄a Catalystto promote
environmenta

ysoundmanagementofJakes．Thisisto

beaccomplishedbyinternationaIexchangeofinforma−tion on rationalmanagementoflakes．ILEC，＄aCtivities

Zimbabweand Zambia and at Cabora Bassa．

incIudeintegrationofadata−bookonlargelakesofthe
WOrld．publication of guidelines，and organization of
WOrkshopsandtrahlngCOUrSeSinco−OPerationwithUN

Amo咽ObseⅣer＄fromUNbodies．1GO−sa＝dNGO・s，lLECparEicipatedintheConference，andi＄eXPeCtedto
SUPPOrttheimplementationofZacplan，eSPeCja yinthe

Organization＄，lGO sandNQO s．ILECwiIIparticipatein

field oflake management．

theimplementation ofthe EMINWA Programme．

TRAINING PROJECTSADCC COUNTRIES COME TO
AGREEMENT ON ZAMBEZl
ACT10N PLAN

The most important problem with which developing
countries are now confronted in their preservation oflakeenvironmentsisashortageofcapabI岳PerSOr［nel．A

greatneedisevidentforthedevelopmentofper＄Onnel
forlakeenvironmentpreservation・lLEC，therefore，hasdecidedtomakeonedfitsmainproJeCtStheholdingof
trainJng Seminars for reg10naldeve10Pment andlake
environmentpreseNationindeveIoplngCOuntries．Asa
tentative measure，lLEC willsupport．under the joint
auSPICeSOfILEC・UNCRDandUNEP，trainingSeminar＄
forlake environment aIlover the world，main■yin
PraCticar ways・Seminar workshops wi＝focus on en−
vironmental preselvation and administration for the
maintenance of water resources of lake and river

reg10nS．
mentaIManagement of the Common ZambeziRiver（Aims）

System met at Harare，Zimbabwe．during26−28May， Theaimsoftheseseminarwork＄hopsare①tofurnish
1987・ThefoIlowingSADCC（SouthernAfricanDeveIop−
deci＄ion−makers・reSearCheTSandhigh−rankinggovern−
mentCo−OrdinationConference）coLJntriesparticipatedmentofficiaIsindeve10PlngCOuntrieswithopporEunities
in the Conference＝Angola，Botswana，Mozambique，
to study environmental and social measures for the
Tanzania，ZarTlbia，ZimbabweandNarT．ibiarepresented
deve10Pmentand preservationofwaterresourcesfrom
by the UN councilfor Namibia，
the viewpoint of the reg■Onalplann■ng Oflakes andOnthebasisofthedeliberation＄，theConferenceon
rivers，and②tosupportdeveIopingcountrie＄intheir

28MayadoptedtheagreementontheZambeziAction

environmentalplannlng and controlin the field of theP）an（Zacplan），ln the agreementitwas stated thatthe

regIOnalplannmg oflake＄and rivers．
Fortheseseminars，CaSe−StudygroupsareorganizedZambeziAction Plan should be aSADCC programmeWith the assistance of UNEP．Dr．M．K．ToJba，UNEP，s in deve10Plng COUntries and their studies are madeExecutiveDirector，Saidinhisaddressattheopen■ng PUbIic，nOtOnlytoseminarparticipants，butalsotoothers
SeS＄ion thatthis was the first timein the world that

COuntries with a shared river system had agreed to
COOPerateinits management．
ThedraftZacplanbeingconsideredrequiresUS＄12
rTlj ionforthefirstphasefromthisyear（1987）to1989．

The first phase of the plan emphasizesinformation，SOthat manymayderive benefitfrom these seminars．
（Outlines ofthe act油ties）

Case studies of six specific lakes in developing
COUntries and the preparation of their outljnes for

PUblicationwillcommencein1987・Seminarworkshops
WillbeheJdinOtsuandNagoyainmid−February，1988．
importance，littIeis known about the Zambeziriver
Partjcipants of these seminar workshops wilF be①
ba＄in・it＄PrOblems and potential，Water quarity anddecision−makersandhigh−rankinggovemmentofficials
Ofdeve10Pingcountries，②speciaIistsandresearchers
quantity，CFimate，flora and conservation．
The Minister of Natural Resources and Tourism of
Who wi report on theinterim findings of their case
StUdiesoflakesand riversin deve10Ping count（ies．③
Zimbabwe・Mrs・C・V・Chitepo，Whochairedthemeeting．
Saidpoormanagementoftherivercould，forexample， those who w川report on a summary of these caseaffectthemightofVictoriaFa s，thusafFectingtourism・lt
StUdie＄（incIudingmember＄OflLEC）and④representa−
a＄SeSSment，Plannfn9andtrainIng beGau＄edespiteits

COuldalsoaffectthegenerationofpoweratKaribafor

tivesofUNEPandotherorgansofthe United Nations．

LAK亡WATER QUAuTY MANAGEMENT
IN JAPAN
1・A Briet Hi＄tOry

Asaresultofrapideconomicgrowth，COnCentrationof

POPuJation andindustry，andinsufficient coverage of
Public sewerage treatment，Water PO utionin public3Figurel LegalSystem for water quality management
Sourく．8 Contrl⊃lL8W8

Envlron■¶Onta【p011utlon（〉0れtr（〉lBasIcLawfo「∈nvilOn−
mont81p011ut事onContr0l

Prく】gr8∬nS：8或abll6hodbyth8Pre†octuralgovemml∋nt8

Lawcon（；Omi咽Spoci81M∈■aSUre8forCon88Ⅳ8tiono†bkl）Wat￠rOu81吋
長w￠○帖OrnlngS卵Cl且＝d8a8Ur08tOrCon80Ⅳ島tlonot
lS8tOlnlandSoa

Wat8rOIJ81叫rStandards：Setby11at】onatgovornmont

M8日n■∋Po＝utlonPrtIVOnt】onLaw：○川．￠homlcal会and
Lw88tl∋dumpin【lCOnt「OlS8WagOLaw：COmPrOh即8lvop「ogr8m】ng曽or
rlvor−b88事∩80WagO，8Ub81叫「帽tl〉：5／4．2／8．6／10」

lM帥OS扉引yL削

Applicatl0110†thecatego一事080†
Sland∈l「d8t00aChwato「d「t〉acoalWashingLaw

lnto卜P帽†○￠tリー8lwさtt）「且rOaS：by

nattonalgovo「nmont

Rlver Law

Othorvlat（Ir8r08S：bypr8†8CtUr8l

podRogulさtlonLさW

gOVOrnOrS

Natur81P8血sbw
Fr＄heryRe与OurCOPrQtOCtlonLawltorthop「otoctlono‖1u−
爪削1hや81th：8PPllod
equallytoallpubllcwa−
to「aroasinthecountry；こ■＝；l＝−■こ；・．．
po180nOu畠8ndD0lot白rlou8Subsbnc08ControILaw
AgdculturalCh8m】cal8Rogu，8tlon」8W

WaterSbecarTleagreatCOnCeminJapaninIate1960 s．
To cope with this water problem，theJapanese
Government hadintTOduced anintegratedlegisIative
scheme including the Basic Law for Environmental
PollutionControl（1967），theWaterPollutionControILaw（1970）．etc．

be set for each category according to utilization of
WaterS．

Applicationofcategoriesofstandardsrelatingtolivlng
environmenttoeachwaterareaaretobemadebythe
MinisteroftheEnvironmentAgencyfor47interprefectu−
ralwaterareasstipulated bytheCabinetOrderand by
the prefecturalgovernors for other water areas．
The EnvironmentalWaterQuaIityStandardsforlakes（naturallake＄，re＄en／Oirs，marShes，and arEificiaIIakes
With more thanlO million cubic meters of water）are
Shownin tablel．

TheJapaneseGovernmenthasmadegreateffort＄tO
attaintheEnvironmentQualityStandardsinpublicwaters
establishedbythe、BasicLawforEnvironmentPo‖ution
Control，mainly bythe effluent controlbased on the
Water Po ution Controlas wellas byincreaslng the
COVerage Of public sewerage treatment＄yStem based
On the Sewerage Law．Neverthefess，in semi−C10Sed
4．Enactment of CIean■Lakes Law
SeaSandlake＄，mOreCOmPrehensivecountermeasures
TheLawconcerningSpecialMeasuresforConserva−
incIuding the treatment of the household effluent aretion of Lake Water Quality−CIean Lakes Law wasneeded・Forimprovingthewaterqualityinsemi−Closed
enactedandpromu［gatedonJuly27，1984andenforced
SeaStheArea−WidePo‖utionLoadControrSystemwas inMarch1986．TheIawisintendedtolaydownabasic
policy for the conservation of lake water quality andintroducedin1978by amending the Water Pollution
OPenSthewayfortheenforcementofspecialmea＄UreS
ControILawandforlakes．theLawconcerningSpecial
forthoselakeswhichareingreatneedofactiontomeet
MeasuresforConservation ofLakeWaterQualitywas
e＄tabli5hedin1984．
theEnvironmentalWaterQualityStandards．Theaim＄Of
2．LegarSystemforWaterQuality ManagementPolicy
The presentIegalsystem forwaterquality manage−
ment ofJapanis shownin figurel．
3．Environment Water QuaFity Standard＄
The EnvironmentWateTQualityStandardsfirstestab一
IishedbytheCabinetOrderonApri121，1971aredivided
into two types：those that need to be achieved andmaintainedtoprotecthumanhealthandthosethatneed
to be achieved and maintained to conserve theliv［ngenvironment．Standards reFating to human health arenationa y uniform to be applied to every pubric water
area．Standards reratirlg tO Fivlng enVironment are di−Videdintothreecategoriesofpublicwaterareassuchas
rivers，lakesandcoastalwatersandtobeappliedandto

4

therawcanbesummedupintwopoints．FirstIy，thelaw
introducedwe −definedregulationsandothermea＄ureS
to cope with tho＄e PO ution sources for which the
COnVentionalefFluent controIs do not work becau＄e Of
thespeciaInatureofthelake、enVironment．Secondly，
Lawprovidesforl）drafting，foreachofthede＄ignatedlakes・a Lake Conservation Plan stipulating such引ト
Vironmentalconservation proJeCt＄aS SeWerage COn−
StruCtion and regulatory actions for the reduction ofPO（lutantIoad．and2）implementaion of various con−
SerYation measures which are to be coordinated or
PrOrTlOted under such plan，（figure2）
ln pLJrSUanttO thislaw，Sixlakesincluding Kasumi−
gaura，rnbanuma，Lake Biwa，Kojima Lake and Lake
Suwa，Were designated，and the related prefecture＄forrTIUIated（ake water quality conservation plans．
KohkiNakajima，Environment Agency．

Figure 2 Outline of Clean Lakes Law

H ≧ar】ng of the prefoet＝ralgovornor8COn（三8rned
Cさbinot
doel8】onPlan†orth8Con88Ⅳation o†Lak㊤WatorQuallty（sotup8VO叩
一山o y08r8）
・PO＝cy on the con＄Or㈹tion（＞fwator qual】tyln dosignatod】akos
・Matters￠0∩￠8rnlng projoctscontribu柚咽tOthく，￠0∩≦婚rV白−tion o†wator quality
・R8gUlさtlon88nd（】thく，√叩08SUr88

HeaTing oftheop仙OnOfth08eWhocarryoLJttheproJoctsand
tho munic】palltlos con（一OrnくId

lrIPlementatlono†ProJect≦lContTibutingtoth8Con8erVatlono†
WatorCu81ity
CさrryTng out pr（函￠t＄forlho ccn8trU（州on of sewerages and human wa＄te
dlspo虫81p18nt8．†or dr㊤dgin！】事n a pl8nnlヨd mannor．

l、【＾ppllod to nowIy bullt orstructurally changed factorres and otheT business eBtさbli＄hmBnt8in dosFgnated aroas】【d88igned to（一OntTOlth・∋r事se h po‖utantload re8Ultlng from nowly built or expanded feciutL閃】
2）∈¶lu馴1t regUl且tlon含On−rogardod−aS−SPOei†i8d■†acili鵬s
IApp紬d t（，巾】ht soiltr08tm馴1t Plant＄and hosplt且l＄8ma‖er than spoe汗iod†8Ci】ities】（thos8 nOt COVered by the Water P011ution Cく〉ntrOILaw）
3）contr（，l80n StrU 血r8and ways to u粥＝舛d朋相natedlac＝tl郎8nd qua＄トdeslgnated†且￠ilitie写【Appli8d tolivoきtOCk p8∩島8nd p】＄CIcu圧ural†aelliti8亭】（those un軸1tabre to bB rBgUla†8d by contr（〉lsin term80f concentrzltion8）
twhen furth8「8Gtlonl5∩88dodI L−−4）Tot乱Ip01lutantloadcontrol●Guidance，adYIce and recomm8ndatlcns on pBOPle othor than†h088r8SPOnSibl8for the facilitie台BUbjBCt t（，regulation8●EffoTt8for the protectJon c†tho nさtUralen＞ironmont onlal（e Shores．8UCh a8th8CQn＄erY白tEon of greenory areas

Tablel・Water quality standards related to the concervation of theliving enviromment（1）Lakes（naturallakes，reSerVOirs，marShe＄andartificiallakeswithmorethanlOmilIioncubicmetersofwater）
ltem

Standard Valul）5−Ch8micalCategolyPH

D戸S＄○】∨Od

SoIFds

Oxyg即

（SSl

（DO）

OxygonDem8nd

Purpo8880†w8teru50
AÅ

Suspendl）d（COD）

WalerSupp】y．G18＄Sl盲¶sh（〉Ⅳ．Clas81；COn＄○Ⅳat10110†

1m！】／10rl05S

Numborof
Col汀Orm， Group5

7．5mg／10rlessnaturalenvir（】nm（lnt．andu50SIFst8dinA−C
A

Wat￠「別PPly，Clas＄2and3；†】sh（＝γ，血SS2：bat仙唱．

B

Fi8heけ＼Cla5S3：】ndu＄tri8lwater．classl．ag「lCultu「alClndustr】81w8ter，￠lass2：COnSeⅣaltonoftht）OnV廿0∩−50MPN／100ml
Orless5m！】／10r】ess

7・5m！lノ10rl¶Ore

1．0（】OMPN／100

8ndusosl短t8dinB−C

ml or less
15m！I／10rle8S

5m；I／101mOrO

Watl∋r，andu50Slist￠dhC

mo爪ta5g8「bagoshallnot
b00b5elYOd

Note＄：1・Conservatlon ofnaturalenvlronment：Conservation of scenic spotB and othernaluralresourc8S．
2・Water＄uPPly，C［assl：Watcrthatr8qulreStreatment bysimple cleanIng OPeratJOn，SuCh asfiltration．
WatersLJPPly，Class2：WaterlhatrequlreStreatETlent bynorrnaldeanlrlg OPeration．＄uCh a5＄edinentation and filtration．
WatersuppLy，Class3：WaterthatrequlreStreatrnent byhighlyadvanced cleanlng OPe（atEonincludhg pretreatm即t．
3・Fishery．Glas＄1：ForaquaticIife．such as troutand bulItroutinhabiting oligo＄aPrObic water．and tho8e Offisheryclas＄2and（．1ass3．
Fisheけ．Class2：ForaquatiGIFfe，5u（；h as fish oftho salmoれ†即而Iy and sw一）○¶1shinhabilj咽011gOSaPrObic wat8rand those of¶shery c18＄＄8．
Fisheγ．Clas＄3：For aquaticl汀e，5u（．h as（；arP and silver（；arPinhabiting β−meSOSaPrObi（；Wat肌
4・lndustrlalwater，Clas51：Watergiven normalcleanhg treatmentsuch as s8d血entatbn．
」ndust「ialwator，Clas52：Wat【汀g事Ven advanc（〉d tr（〉8tmOnt by ch【〉mFca15．
1ndustriaIwater，Class3：WaterglverlSPedar cIeanlng treatnent．
5・Conservat10nOftheenYironment：UptothelimitsatwicMnounp18aSantne8Siscausedtopeopleintheirdailyrjfe（includingawaIkbytherlversido，etC．）（2）

Cat8gOry

Purpos80fw∈ltO「USeStandard vah帽S
Totalnitr090n

TotalPhosphorus

0．11¶9／10rle名主

0．005m9／10r18さS

l Watorsupplyく．1as5e＄Ⅰ．2and3（8Xく川udin9SPe（．ial吋PeS）；
Fish即y旬PeI．bathing；andusesIFstedin Ⅱ−Ⅴ

0．Zmg／lorless

0．01m9／10rless

Ⅱ W∈lterSUPPly（．1ass3（sp8Cial吋P8S）．andus8SJ15tedinⅣ−Ⅴ

0．4mg／10rlo＄S

0．03m！】／10r18SS

Ⅳ

0．6mg／18r18＄S

0．05mg′10「18さS

1mg／lor18さS

0．1m！】／10rless

Con8eⅣat弓0nOfn∈山」ralerIVironment．8rldus88】弓8tedinI−Ⅴ

FisheけtyPe2．and鵬eSl弓stedin V

Ⅴ Fi＄herytype3：industrialwater：agriculturalwater；COnSOrVationofthelivingenvlron巾ent

LAKES OF THE VVORLDWUHAN EAST LAKE

East Lakeis a famous scenic Lakein China．To the
SOuth ofthelaketherearegreen hi sincIuding Luojia
Hi and Mo Hi ．Tothe norLh ofit，a numberofartisticbLJilding＄have been built，Thehi sandwaterpavilions
refIectedinthelake，greentreeSinluxuriatewoods，and
blueishgreenrlPPlesdanclngOnthewatersurfaceinthe
breez（き，and a b㊤aU椚ulland＄CaPe a廿ractinnumerable
tourists from a parts of the world．
EastLake，thelargestlakeinthBCityofWuhan，HLJbei．
has a surface area of33square kilometeTS and mean
depthof2．5m（maximumdepth4．8rn），WaterStOrageOf
80m‖ionm3and maximumvolumeofl．24bi ionm3．The ln the meantlme，by rneans of phosphorus10ading
CatChment area of thelakeis about190＄quare ki［0−meters．The annualtotaIlnPut Of water to thelakegraphs of the Vo enweider Modeland the Dil10n
Model，thephosphoruscapacityforthelakewasalso

amounts tol．5 bi ion mB．

Calculated．
This useful research aroused the attention of Hubei

East Lakeis a muItifunction urbanlake，PrOViding
recreationresorts，fisheriesandoneoftheimportanttap
WaterSOurCeSforthecity．］Theeutrophicationprocessof

ProvincialGovernmentandres山tedinstrongsupportfor
action．The researchinthe＄efjelds provided scientific

Ea＄t Lake has beenintensified due toincreaslng
industrialand domestic po‖ution ofitscatchmentarea
Since the60 s and eutrophicationis the most serious

evidence for the TeStOration of East Lake，andit has
PrOVed to be ofpracticalvaluein making cost−benefit

environmentalproblemin thelake now・AparE fromindustrialwastewater，thenutrientinputisderjvedfrom＄eVeralsources，incIudingdomesticsewage，landrunoff
andpo utedrainwater，etC．Dome＄ticsewageisbecpm−
ingamoreandmoreimportantsourceofnutrientIoading
into thelake．The measured nitrogen and pho＄Phorus
10ading from discharged domestic＄eWage amOunt tO
about64percent and60percent respectivety，Of thetotal10ading ofwhoIelake，The eutropMcation of East
LakeisaproblemthatcalL＄foranimmediate soIution．
TheresearchcarriedoutbyHubeiPTOVinciaIlnstituteof
EnvironmentalProtectionin recent years has been

analy＄eS Ofa nutrient reduction programme to reduce
algaJdensity．The researchers were awarded a prize
from the GovemrTlent for their exceIIent work．
HubeiProvincialGovernmer［t and Wuhan City Gov−
ernment are very concerned about po‖ution and are
Serious about taking measures that wi Iead to therecoveryofEastLake．TheGovernmentofWuhanCity
hasPrOPOSed a10ng−term PrOJeCtforcontroIofwater
POllutjonin East Lake，and the Government of Hubei
Provinceapprovedthis proJeCtin1982．Therearetwo
aspectsofthi＄enVironmentalenglneerlngPrOJeCt．First−
1y，a SyStem tO divert domestic sewa9efrom thelake
must be buiIt．Secondly，an advanced treatment plant

aimed at the fol！owlng：
must be constructed to treatthe diverted waste water．
a．Hydrodynamicbalanceofnitrogenandphosphorus，Bothprojectswerestartedin1984andtheya；ebeing
b．Dyrlamic di＄tribution of nitrogen and phosphorus，
COnStrUCtedatthepresenttime．ThisproJeCtWi playar）
emphasis being pIaced on the release of sedimentandnitrogen，andphosphorusdi＄tributioninthewater

improtantpartinwaterpo‖utioncontrolandwaterquafity
improvementofthelake．1n addition，an Ordinancefor

body．
C．DeveLoplng a mOdelrelating ＄Prlng time total

the environmentalmanagement of East Lake wi beenacted．1ti＄eXPeCted that these actions wi11help
enhance the beauty of East Lake．

Phosphorus concentration to summer time cMo（−
OPhy −aCOnCentration ofthelake，WhiGh provided a
mean＄for estimating and predicting the effect＄Of
ChangeinphosphorusconcentrationonaFgalbiomass．

PeingJinxin，Director of office，
HubeiprovinciaIBureau of En−
VironmentalProtection，China．

REPORT ON THE COURSE／WORKSHOP
LIMNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF RESERVOIRS

1）period：5March−11April．1987．
2）Locality andJnstitution：Center of Hydric Re−
SOurCeS and Appried EcoJogy，University of S．Paufo，Schoolof Engineerin9S．Carlos，S．Pau10State．
3）Numberofpar（icipantsin the course：32，

4）The course was sponsored by Organization ofAmerican States，［LEC，Secretary of Environment ofBrazil，and Ministry of Education．

SPONSORED BYILEC．

WOrk，Seminars and excursions．A monograph was

PrePared by five different groups of students．
6）Atthe end ofthe course aworkshopwas con−ducted．The workshop consisted of three different
activities：COnferences byinvited speakers，a POSter＄eSSion，anddiscussiongroups，Thediscussiongroup＄

COnSidered an examination oftheNstate ofthe arr and

PrOPOSitioTISin the fo owIng tOPJCS：eutrOPhication，Phytoplanktonofreservoir＄，PlannIngandmanagement
SouthAmericanCountries，SPeCifica y：Argentina，Bra− Ofreservoirs，Sedimentationinreservoirs，PUblicheaIthZiI，Guatemala，HondLJraS，Nicaraguaand Panama．Fig−
and re＄erVOir constructjon，ZOOPFankton of reservoirs，
Urelshows the main hydrographic basinsin Southrimno10g■Ca［rTlethodsforstudyofreservoirs，fi＄hpopuIa−
tiondynamicsinreservoirs，andmode ingofreservoirs．
ArT．ericaandthe regIOnSfromwhicheachoftheSouth

5）Al10f the participants of the course were fromandCentralAmerican participantscame．Theprofileof
the students was varied：SOme Were WOrkingin hyd−7）Approximately 200 people participatedin the
WOrkshop．

roelectric companies，SOme Were Universitylecturers
andsomerecentlyfinishedtheiruniversitydegree．The

8）Thirty−One POSterSWere PreSented．
9）The participant＄intheworkshop camefromthe
background ofthe participantswasal＄OVaried：Chem−fo owingcountries（includinginvitedscientists）：Argen−ists．englneerS，bio10gists，eCOIogists，Physicist＄and tina，Brazil．Denmark．Guatemara，Honduras，Japan，
geographers．This was aninterdisciprinary group that Nicaragua，Panama，ParaguayandPoland．Severalcase＄tUdie＄Were PreSented and discussed．
activelypaitcipatedindiscussion，fieldandlaboratory

Thi＄WaSth8firstmeetinginSouthAmericato bring
togetherlimnologist＄，managerS Of hydroeIectric com−Panie＄，and professionalsfromconsultingfirmstodis−
CuSStheircommon problem＄COnCernlng basic ecolo−
glCalmechanismsfunctionInglnreSerVOirs，andimpllCa−

tions orIthe management of these ecosystems．The
discussion centered around preventive plans for the
reservoirstobebu‖toverthenextdecadeandremedial

measures for existing functionlng reSerVOirs．
ThemainconcIusionofthisworkshopisthatcon＄ider−able experti＄e eXistsin South Americain relation toba＄icinformation for reservoirs．Management techni−ques are improving and with the scientific community
PrOVidingmana9ementgrOLJPSWiththeneces＄aryback−groundinformation，mOreefficientprevention，PrOgnOSis
and（emedialmea＄UreSW‖beproduced．Nso，COnSid−

eration was gIVen tO SOCial，eCOrIOmic and heaIth
aspectsofreservoirconstructionandmanagementinthe
generalecologrcalcontext．
Theproceedingsofthisworkshop（furltextofpapers，
COnClusions，rePOrEs ofthe discussion groups）willbe
Figurel：RegionsoforlgInaIofparticipantsinthe
Course Limnology and Management ofReservoirs，by hydrographic basin＄，inSouth and CentralAmerica．Countries：
Argentina，Brasil，GuatemaIa，Honduras，
Nicaragua，Panama．

PubFishedassoonaspossibIeasaspeciaIissueofthe＄CientificjournaloftheBrazilianSocietyforProgressof
Science・Dr・S・Jorgen＄enandDr．C．Bauerperticipatedin
the course／workshop．
J．G．TUNDISICoordinator of SymposiLJm
lLEC MEMBER

7

The programme includes● Plenarylectures● Free ￠Ommuni￠ation● Poster demonstration

THIRDINTERNAT10NAL
CONFERENCE ON THE
CONSERVAT10N AND
MANAGEMENT OF LAKESBALATON，88
First announcement ofThirdlnternationalconference

OntheCon＄erVationandManagementofLakesdBalaton
88N which scheduled Septemberll−17，1988 was
CirculatedfromOrganizingCommittee，anditscontents
fol10W below．
INVITATIONThe Hungarian AcademyofScjences andthe．National
Authorityfor Environment Protection and Nature Con−
SerVation have the pleasure toinvite you to the
THIRDINTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON THE CONSERVAT10N
AND MANAGEMENT OF LAKES，〝BALATON 88

MAIN TOPICS
l．EutroPhication andits contro1
2．EfFectand controf ofacidification and toxic materiaIs
3，The efFects of toul ism onlakes
4．Modelli咽0†lakes
5．The state and specialproblems ofIakes and reser−
VOire＄in deve10Plng COuntrie＄
6．Theroleofinternationa10rganizations．governments
localauthorities．economicandpublicorganizationsin
the conservation and management ofIakes．
AftertheConferencestudytoursareplannedtodifferent
Hungarian］akes，reSerVOires and rivers．
PTOPOSals for preconference work＄hops，＄eminars are
Welcome．
C′椅frJn∂〃0／納e Or9aJ】反血g ComJn′汀eeごProたノ如05朗u〃〝J，D什ecfor
Organized undertheau＄PICeSOfthelnternationalLake
Environment Commi¶ee．
The aim of the Conference−Similarly to the previou
OneS held onthe shore of Lake Biwa，Shiga，Japanin
1984and on MackinacIsland，MicMgan，USAin1986
deallngWithlakesandtheirenvironment−istopromote
the hteraction between natural＄Ciences and socio−
economic studies andtheinformation transferbetween＄CientistsandthoseworkinglnOPerativeareas，ltalso
Offersexcellentopportunitytocomparelakeconserva−
tion practicesin countries of different economic de−
Velopmentandsocialstructure．Thiswillbemorethana＄Cientificconference．Participant＄deallngWithpracticalaspects oflake conservation and management arehigh】y welcome．

Se占refaryご
8r．S合口dor〃亡RO亡〉亡Kβ∂Jaわ〃L〟n〃OJogJ￠aJ月e8ea√CJIJ〃8I仙fe o′納e〃〟〃garね〝Acade〝Ty O′ScJeJ】CeS〃u〃gary−β23乙¶わ∂∩佑PO鼠85
PJ10J柑ごP6−リ8848（）06
丁8Jeズご32427Jれねb舟．わThe 2nd Cicular，COntainlng detailedinformation orl
tTaVe lng registrationfee．accomodation，abstracts，etC．
Wi be distributed by October，1987，
CALL FOR ARTICLES
Tho＄e Who wish to contribute toILEC New＄letter are
invited to send manLJSCripts to the secretariat．

JⅣ肌WAムム▲∬g脚γ〃己0冊ⅣγCO〟〝Jr相方
亡んS柚脚下ー亡lモCtⅥralGoY亡rnment，4一ト11くy。m8Cbi．Otsu．Shiga520・Japan
Te］：0775−25−1076TIx■：5464850ILECJFax：0775−25−1186
Cable：tLEC OTSU

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