㛤Ⓨ㏵ୖᅜ࡛ࡢ㒔ᕷ࣭ఫᏯၥ㢟࡜᪥ᮏࡢᙺ๭ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞㛤Ⓨ┠ᶆ㸦SDG㹱㸧࡜ࢽ࣮ࣗ࢔࣮ࣂࣥ࢔ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ㸦NUA) ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚1. ᅜ㐃ே㛫ᒃఫィ⏬㸦ࣁࣅࢱࢵࢺ㸧

㛤Ⓨ㏵ୖᅜ䛷䛾㒔ᕷ䞉ఫᏯၥ㢟䛸᪥ᮏ䛾ᙺ๭
2. SDG࡜NUAᣢ⥆ྍ⬟䛺㛤Ⓨ┠ᶆ䠄SDG䡏䠅䛸䝙䝳䞊䜰䞊䝞䞁䜰䝆䜵䞁䝎䠄NUA)
䜢㏻䛨䛶
3. 㒔ᕷ໬ࡢㄢ㢟࡜ࡑࡢᑐᛂ᪉⟇4. ఫᏯၥ㢟
5. ᪥ᮏࡢᙺ๭ᅜ㝿㐃ྜே㛫ᒃఫィ⏬ 㸦ࣁࣅࢱࢵࢺ㸧⚟ᒸᮏ㒊㛗㸦࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ஦ົᡤ㛗㸧᫝⃝1ඃ

2ᅜ㝿㐃ྜே㛫ᒃఫィ⏬㸦ᅜ㐃ࣁࣅࢱࢵࢺ㸧
1978ᖺࠊࢣࢽ࢔࣭ࢼ࢖ࣟࣅ࡟ᮏ㒊タ⨨ࠋࠕ㒔ᕷࡢࡼࡾⰋࡁᑗ᮶ࠖ࡟ྥࡅ࡚ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿᅜ㐃ᶵ㛵ࠋ♫఍ⓗ࣭⎔ቃⓗ࡟ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞ே㛫ᒃఫࠊ඲࡚ࡢேࠎࡀ㐺ษ࡞ఫᒃࢆ☜ಖ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅜ㐃ࢼ࢖ࣟࣅ஦ົᒁ

3஦ົᒁ㛗࣭ᅜ㐃஦ົḟ㛗࣐࢖࣒ࢼ࣭ࣔࣁ࣓ࢵࢻ࣭ࢩࣕࣜࣇ
(ඖ࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔࣭࣌ࢼࣥᕷ㛗㸧‫׎‬ᡲἡἥἑἕἚᵘᴾᴾἜỶἿἥஜᢿểᾃ‫؏ע‬ஜᢿ䜰䝷䝤ㅖᅜᆅᇦᮏ㒊䜰䝆䜰ኴᖹὒᆅᇦᮏ㒊䠄⚟ᒸᮏ㒊䠅䜹䜲䝻䠄䜶䝆䝥䝖䠅⚟ᒸ䠄᪥ᮏ䠅㻝㻥㻥㻣ᖺタ❧䝘䜲䝻䝡ᮏ㒊

44䜰䝣䝸䜹ᆅᇦᮏ㒊䝷䝔䞁䜰䝯䝸䜹䞉䜹䝸䝤ᾏᆅᇦᮏ㒊䝘䜲䝻䝡䠄䜿䝙䜰䠅䝸䜸䞉䝕䞉䝆䝱䝛䜲䝻䠄䝤䝷䝆䝹䠅ᅜ㐃ࣁࣁࣅࢱࢵࢺ⚟ᒸᮏ㒊㸦࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᢸᙜ㸧࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ㸦28࠿ᅜ㸧ࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿ⚟ᒸᮏ㒊ࡀࠊ1997ᖺ࡟⚟ᒸᕷኳ⚄࡟࠶ࡿ࢔ࢡࣟࢫࣅࣝ8㝵࡟㛤タࠋ

1997

2017

5ᅜ㝿ⓗࢥ࣑ࢵࢺ࣓ࣥࢺ
March, 2015

6Sep.

Dec.

Oct. 2016

Feb. 2018ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟䛺㛤Ⓨ䛾䛯䜑䛾䠎䠌䠏䠌ᖺ䜰䝆䜵䞁䝎• 2015ᖺ9᭶ࡢࠕᅜ㐃ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞㛤Ⓨࢧ࣑ࢵࢺ࡛ࠖ᥇ᢥࠋ• ࠕㄡ୍ேྲྀࡾṧࡉ࡞࠸ࠖ♫఍ࡢᐇ⌧ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࠊ⤒῭࣭㠧ᮌ࣭⎔ቃࢆࡵࡄࡿᗈ⠊࡞ㄢ㢟࡟⤫ྜⓗ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࠋ• ඲࡚ࡢ㛵ಀ⪅㸦ඛ㐍ᅜࠊ㏵ୖᅜࠊẸ㛫௻ᴗࠊNGOᲷ㸧ࡢᙺ๭ࢆ㔜どࠋ7ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟䛺㛤Ⓨ┠ᶆ䠄SDGs䠅䠍䠓䛾┠ᶆ8䠍䠒䠕㡯┠

SDGsࡢࡢヲ⣽

9ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟䛺㛤Ⓨ┠ᶆ䠄SDGs䠅䠍䠓䛾┠ᶆ10䠍䠒䠕㡯┠SDG11┠ᶆ 11. ໟᦤⓗ࡛Ᏻ඲࠿ࡘᙉ㠎㸦ࣞࢪ࢚ࣜࣥࢺ㸧࡛ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞㒔ᕷཬࡧே㛫ᒃఫࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ
11.1 2030 ᖺࡲ࡛࡟ࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢேࠎࡢࠊ㐺ษࠊᏳ඲࠿ࡘᏳ౯࡞ఫᏯཬࡧᇶᮏⓗࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫࢆ☜ಖࡋࠊࢫ࣒ࣛࢆᨵၿࡍࡿࠋ
11.2 2030 ᖺࡲ࡛࡟ࠊ⬤ᙅ࡞❧ሙ࡟࠶ࡿேࠎࠊዪᛶࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࠊ㞀ᐖ⪅ཬࡧ㧗㱋⪅ࡢࢽ࣮ࢬ࡟≉࡟㓄៖ࡋࠊබඹ஺㏻ᶵ㛵ࡢᣑ኱࡞࡝ࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ஺㏻ࡢᏳ඲ᛶᨵၿ࡟ࡼ
ࡾࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢேࠎ࡟ࠊᏳ඲࠿ࡘᏳ౯࡛ᐜ᫆࡟฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿࠊᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞㍺㏦ࢩࢫ
ࢸ࣒࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࠋ

11.3 2030 ᖺࡲ࡛࡟ࠊໟᦤⓗ࠿ࡘᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞㒔ᕷ໬ࢆಁ㐍ࡋࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢᅜࠎࡢཧຍᆺࠊໟᦤⓗ࠿ࡘᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞ே㛫ᒃఫィ⏬࣭⟶⌮ࡢ⬟ຊࢆᙉ໬ࡍࡿࠋ
11.4 ୡ⏺ࡢᩥ໬㑇⏘ཬࡧ⮬↛㑇⏘ࡢಖㆤ࣭ಖ඲ࡢດຊࢆᙉ໬ࡍࡿࠋ

11.5 2030 ᖺࡲ࡛࡟ࠊ㈋ᅔᒙཬࡧ⬤ᙅ࡞❧ሙ࡟࠶ࡿேࠎࡢಖㆤ࡟↔Ⅼࢆ࠶࡚࡞ࡀࡽࠊỈ㛵㐃⅏ᐖ࡞࡝ࡢ⅏ᐖ࡟ࡼࡿṚ⪅ࡸ⿕⅏⪅ᩘࢆ኱ᖜ࡟๐ῶࡋࠊୡ⏺ࡢᅜෆ⥲⏕⏘ẚ࡛┤᥋ⓗ⤒῭ᦆኻࢆ኱ᖜ࡟ῶࡽࡍࠋ
11SDG1111.6 2030 ᖺࡲ࡛࡟ࠊ኱Ẽࡢ㉁ཬࡧ୍⯡୪ࡧ࡟ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᗫᲠ≀ࡢ⟶⌮࡟≉ู࡞ὀពࢆ
ᡶ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢࢆྵࡵࠊ㒔ᕷࡢ୍ேᙜࡓࡾࡢ⎔ቃୖࡢᝏᙳ㡪ࢆ㍍ῶࡍࡿࠋ
11.7 2030 ᖺࡲ࡛࡟ࠊዪᛶࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࠊ㧗㱋⪅ཬࡧ㞀ᐖ⪅ࢆྵࡵࠊேࠎ࡟Ᏻ඲࡛ໟᦤⓗ࠿ࡘ฼⏝ࡀᐜ᫆࡞⥳ᆅࡸබඹࢫ࣮࣌ࢫ࡬ࡢᬑ㐢ⓗ࢔ࢡࢭࢫࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࠋ

11.a ྛᅜ࣭ᆅᇦつᶍࡢ㛤Ⓨィ⏬ࡢᙉ໬ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ⤒῭ࠊ♫఍ࠊ⎔ቃ㠃࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㒔ᕷ㒊ࠊ㒔ᕷ࿘㎶㒊ཬࡧ㎰ᮧ㒊㛫ࡢⰋዲ࡞ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࢆᨭ᥼ࡍࡿࠋ
11.b 2020 ᖺࡲ࡛࡟ࠊໟྵࠊ㈨※ຠ⋡ࠊẼೃኚືࡢ⦆࿴࡜㐺ᛂࠊ⅏ᐖ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᙉ㠎ࡉ㸦ࣞࢪ࢚ࣜࣥࢫ㸧ࢆ┠ᣦࡍ⥲ྜⓗᨻ⟇ཬࡧィ⏬ࢆᑟධ࣭ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ㒔ᕷཬࡧே㛫ᒃఫᆅࡢ௳ᩘࢆ኱ᖜ࡟ቑຍࡉࡏࠊ௝ྎ㜵⅏ᯟ⤌ 2015-2030 ࡟ἢࡗ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ⥲ྜⓗ࡞⅏ᐖࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮ࡢ⟇ᐃ࡜ᐇ᪋ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ11.c ㈈ᨻⓗཬࡧᢏ⾡ⓗ࡞ᨭ᥼࡞࡝ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊᚋⓎ㛤Ⓨ㏵ୖᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⌧ᆅࡢ㈨ᮦࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠊᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࠿ࡘᙉ㠎㸦ࣞࢪ࢚ࣜࣥࢺ㸧࡞ᘓ㐀≀ࡢᩚഛࢆᨭ᥼ࡍࡿࠋ

12࢔ࢪ࢔࡜࢔ࣇ࡛ࣜ࢝ᛴ㏿࡞㒔ᕷ໬㒔ᕷேཱྀࡢᖺ㛫ቑຍᩘ㸦2010-2015㸧ୡ⏺㸸㸵㸵ⓒ୓ே/ᖺ࢔ࢪ࢔㸸 㸲㸷ⓒ୓ே/ᖺ୰ᅜ㸸㸰㸰ⓒ୓ே/ᖺ࢖ࣥࢻ㸸㸷ⓒ୓ே/ᖺ

኱㒔ᕷ㸦࣓࣏࢞ࣟࣜࢫ㸧
1990ᖺ 9㒔ᕷ㸦࠺ࡕ࢔ࢪ࢔5㒔ᕷ㸧

2015ᖺ 29㒔ᕷ㸦࠺ࡕ࢔ࢪ࢔16㒔ᕷ㸧13㸰㸮㸱㸮ᖺ࡬ࡢ࣓࢞ࢺࣞࣥࢻ
࢚ࢥࣀ࣑ࢫࢺ࣭࢖ࣥࢸࣜࢪ࢙ࣥࢺࣘࢽࢵࢺ
Development Trends and Role of Development Actors, BGK㸦01/03/2018㸧㸧
1. The New World Order (e.g. Trump administration, China and Xi
Jinping, North Korea, etc.)᪂ࡓ࡞ୡ⏺⛛ᗎ
2. Urbanization and Sustainable Development㒔ᕷ໬࡜ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞㛤Ⓨ
3. Climate changeẼೃኚື
4. Rising inequalities᱁ᕪࡢᣑ኱
5. The Forth Industrial Revolution➨㸲ḟ⏘ᴗ㠉࿨
14Ӳᣃࠊỉ‫נ‬ụ૾ỊἂἿὊἢἽễᛢ᫆ỆႺኽ㸦ୡ⏺ࡢᣢ⥆ྍ⬟ᛶ࡬ࡢᣮᡓࡢᡂྰࡣ㒔ᕷ࡟࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧15➨3ᅇᅜ㐃ே㛫ᒃఫ఍㆟㸦ࣁࣅࢱࢵࢺIII㸧➨1ᅇᅜ㐃ே㛫ᒃఫ఍㆟䠄䝝䝡䝍䝑䝖Ϩ䠅1976ᖺ䝞䞁䜽䞊䝞䞊ᐉゝ䠄䛂ᅜ㐃ே㛫ᒃఫᐉゝ䛃䠅᥇ᢥᅜ㐃䝝䝡䝍䝑䝖(UNCHS) タ❧ (1978ᖺ)➨2ᅇᅜ㐃ே㛫ᒃఫ఍㆟䠄䝝䝡䝍䝑䝖ϩ䠅1996ᖺ䝝䝡䝍䝑䝖䞉䜰䝆䜵䞁䝎 ᥇ᢥᅜ㐃䝝䝡䝍䝑䝖⚟ᒸᮏ㒊(ROAP) タ❧ (1997ᖺ)➨3ᅇᅜ㐃ே㛫ᒃఫ఍㆟䠄䝝䝡䝍䝑䝖Ϫ䠅 2016ᖺᖺ䝙䝳䞊䞉䜰䞊䝞䞁䞉䜰䝆䜵䞁䝎 ᥇ᢥ
௒ᚋ20ᖺ⛬ᗘࡢ㒔ᕷ໬(㛤Ⓨ㸧࡟ྥࡅ࡚ୡ⏺ඹ㏻ࡢࣅࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࢫࢱࣥࢲ࣮ࢻࢆタᐃ 㒔ᕷ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⪃࠼᪉ࡢࣃࣛࢲ࢖࣒ࢩࣇࢺ 㒔ᕷ໬࡜⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡢዲᚠ⎔ࢆ᭱኱㝈ά⏝ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ௝ྎ㜵⅏ᯟ⤌ࠊࣃࣜ༠ᐃ➼ࡀᥖࡆࡿᅜ㝿┠ᶆࡢ㐩ᡂ࡟㒔ᕷ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࠿ࡽ㈉⊩ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠋ16ࢽ࣮ࣗ࢔࣮ࣂࣥ࢔ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ㸦NUA)
NUA䛺ෆᐜ
1.

ᅜ䛸䛧䛶㒔ᕷ໬䜈䛾ᑐฎ᪉㔪䜢᫂☜䛻䛩䜛

2.

ዲ䜎䛧䛔㒔ᕷ໬䜢ᐇ⌧䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾ἲᩚഛ3.

㒔ᕷ䛾౯್䜢㧗䜑䜛㒔ᕷィ⏬䛸✵㛫䝕䝄䜲䞁4.

㒔ᕷ໬䛻䜘䜛⤒῭ⓗⓎᒎ䛸㈈ᨻⓗ௙⤌䜏䛾㐃ື5.

⮬἞య䛻䜘䜛ලయⓗ䛺஦ᴗ䛾ᐇ᪋NUA䛾ព⩏1.

Ⰻ䛔㒔ᕷ䛵䛟䜚䛿䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䛺㈐ົ䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䜢᫂☜໬

2.

䠪䠱䠝䛿䠯䠠䠣䡏᥎㐍䛾䜶䞁䝆䞁

3.

䝥䝷䞁䝙䞁䜾䛾㔜せᛶ䜢෌☜ㄆ4.

ᅜ㐃䝝䝡䝍䝑䝖䛜New Urban Agenda᥎㐍䛾䛂᪝᣺䜚ᙺ䛃䜢ᢸ䛖
17➨9ᅇᅇୡ⏺㒔ᕷࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ㸦WUF㸧 Feb. 20182018ᖺ2᭶7᪥㹼13᪥ ࢡ࢔ࣛࣝࣥࣉ࣮ࣝ┠ⓗ ࠕᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞㒔ᕷ໬ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄆ㆑ࡢྥୖ ࣮࢜ࣉ࣭ࣥࢹ࢕࣮࣋ࢺࠊᩍカࠊゎỴᡭἲࡸᨻ⟇ࡢඹ᭷ ከᵝ࡞ࢫࢸ࣮ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮㛫ࡢ༠ຊ࣭༠ㄪࡢಁ㐍 NUAࡢᐇ᪋≧ἣࡢ࣏࣮ࣞࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ࡬ࡢ࢖ࣥࣉࢵࢺࡢࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࢡ࢔ࣛࣝࣥࣉ࣮ࣝᐉゝ
1. ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡢᙺ๭ࡸ ᑐヰ࣭ཧຍࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿ㒔ᕷ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᙉ໬
2. ேࠎࡢ࣐࢖ࣥࢻࢭࢵࢺࡢ㌿᥮ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞๰㐀ⓗ࡞ゎỴᡭἲࡸ㠉᪂ⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶౛ࡢඹ᭷ࡢಁ㐍3. ㈨※࣭ᅵᆅࡢᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞⟶⌮ࡸ฼⏝ࠊࢥࣥࣃࢡࢺ࣭㧗ᐦᗘ࣭ከᵝ࡞ᅵᆅ฼⏝ࠊᩥ໬㑇⏘ࡢ෌ά⏝➼ࡢࡓࡵࡢ㒔ᕷィ⏬࣭ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ➼ࢆྵࡴ⤫ྜⓗ࡞ᆅᇦ㛤Ⓨࡢಁ㐍 ➼18

19࢔ࢪ࢔࡜࢔ࣇ࡛ࣜ࢝ᛴ㏿࡞㒔ᕷ໬㒔ᕷேཱྀࡢᖺ㛫ቑຍᩘ
㸦2010-2015㸧ୡ⏺㸸㸵㸵ⓒ୓ே/ᖺ࢔ࢪ࢔㸸 㸲㸷ⓒ୓ே/ᖺ୰ᅜ㸸㸰㸰ⓒ୓ே/ᖺ࢖ࣥࢻ㸸㸷ⓒ୓ே/ᖺ

኱㒔ᕷ㸦࣓࣏࢞ࣟࣜࢫ㸧1990ᖺ 9㒔ᕷ㸦࠺ࡕ࢔ࢪ࢔5㒔ᕷ㸧

2015ᖺ 29㒔ᕷ㸦࠺ࡕ࢔ࢪ࢔16㒔ᕷ㸧

20

ᛴ㏿࡛
࡛↓⛛ᗎ࡞㒔ᕷ໬ࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍᵝࠎ࡞ㄢ㢟

80%EMPLOYMENTSᛴ㏿࡛࡛↓⛛ᗎ࡞㒔ᕷ໬ࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍᵝࠎ࡞ㄢ㢟22ィ⏬ࡢ࡞ࡁ㒔ᕷ໬㸦㑹እ໬࣭ᐦᗘࡢప໬㸧23ィ⏬ࡢ࡞ࡁ㒔ᕷ໬㸦㑹እ໬࣭ᐦᗘࡢప໬㸧

25%
21%

P

20,8%
In 2015

Share of 4-way intersections

24㒔ᕷィ⏬࣭㒔ᕷ㛤Ⓨศ㔝ࡢᚲせᛶThe importance of planning
Sustainable Urban Development:Urban Sprawl ➔ Compactness
Congestion ➔ Connectivity
Institutional silos ➔ Integration
Segregation ➔ Inclusion
Vulnerable ➔ Resilience
Need for simple and universally agreed
principles to guide decision makers
towards sustainable urban development.

25㒔ᕷ໬࡜⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡢ㛵ಀ㒔ᕷ໬࡜⤒῭ᡂ㛗㸦୍ேᙜࡓࡾGDP)ࡣṇࡢ┦㛵

2008ᖺ⤒⏘ⓑ᭩ࡼࡾ㌿㍕
26㒔ᕷ໬࡜㈋ᅔࡢ㛵ಀ㒔ᕷ໬ࡣ⏕⏘ᛶ࡜㞠⏝ᶵ఍ࡢቑ኱ࠊࡼࡾⰋ࠸ᩍ⫱ࡸ೺ᗣࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ⏕άࡢ㉁ࡢྥୖࠊ኱つᶍ࡞බඹᢞ㈨ࠊ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࡸࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫࡢᨵၿ➼ࢆ
㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊఱⓒ୓ேࡶࡢேࠎࡀ㈋ᅔ࠿ࡽᢤࡅฟࡿ
ࡇ࡜࡟ᐤ୚ࡋࡓࠋSource㸸WCR201627㒔ᕷ໬࡜⤒῭ᡂ㛗2008ᖺ⤒⏘ⓑ᭩ࡼࡾ㌿㍕28✵㛫ⓗ࡞᱁ᕪ࣭㝸⤯♫఍ⓗ࣭⤒῭ⓗ᱁ᕪ㸦୙ᖹ➼㸧ࡢᣑ኱ࡣ㒔ᕷ໬࡟క࠺኱ࡁ࡞ㄢ㢟㸦ࢳࣕࣞࣥࢪ㸧ࡢ୍ࡘ㒔ᕷ✵㛫࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᱁ᕪࠊ␯እࠊ㝸⤯࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ♫఍୙Ᏻࡢせᅉ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࢼ࢖ࣟࣅ࣭࢟
࣋ࣛࡢࢫ࣒ࣛ(ࢣࢽ࢔㸧29࣮࣍ࢳ࣑ࣥࡢࢫ࣒ࣛ (࣋ࢺࢼ࣒㸧ࢫ࣒ࣛேཱྀ๭ྜࡢ᥎⛣Source: w㸰㸮㸯㸴30࢔ࢪ࢔࡛ࡢ㒔ᕷ໬࡜ㄢ㢟
East Asia and Pacific Cities: Expanding Opportunities for the Urban Poor (World Bank)ࡼࡾᢤ⢋࣭せ⣙• ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ㸦EAP㸧ᆅᇦ࡛ࠊ㒔ᕷ໬ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞ᶵ఍ࢆᥦ౪㸦㞠⏝ࠊ⏕⏘ᛶྥୖࠊᒃఫᐦᗘࡢୖ᪼࡟క࠺බඹࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ༢౯ࡢపୗࠊࡼࡾከࡃࡢேࠎࡢᇶᮏⓗࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫྥୖ➼㸧• 㐣ཤ20ᖺ⛬ᗘ࡛㈋ᅔࡣ኱ࡁࡃῶᑡࡋࠊࡑࡢከࡃࡣ㒔ᕷ࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓࠋ• ᛴ㏿࡞㒔ᕷ໬ࡣㄢ㢟ࡶ⏕ࡌࡉࡏࡿࠋ㒔ᕷࡣࠊᕷẸࡢࢽ࣮ࢬ࡟ᣑ኱࡟Ṍㄪࢆྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࠊఫᏯࠊ஺㏻࡟㛵ࡍࡿィ⏬ࡸ㒔ᕷࡢ୙㊊࡟ࡼࡾࠊΰ㞧ࠊởᰁࠊ᱁ᕪࡢᣑ኱ࢆᣑ኱ࡋ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᱁ᕪࡢᣑ኱ࡣࠊ㒔ᕷࡢ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡢᣢ⥆ྍ⬟ᛶࢆ⬣࠿ࡋࠊ㈋ᅔ๐ῶࡢໃ࠸ࢆ⦆ࡵࠊ♫఍ࡢศ᩿ࠊ⾪✺ࠊ⣮தࠊ≢⨥ࡸᭀືࢆቑຍࡉࡏࡿ࡞࡝ࠊ㒔ᕷ໬ࡀࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓ౽┈ࢆᦆ࡞࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾ࠿ࡡ࡞࠸ࠋ• 㒔ᕷ࡛ࡣࠊ㣗࡭≀ࠊᐙࠊᇶᮏⓗࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࠊ㏻໅➼࡟ಀࡿᨭฟࡀ኱ࡁࡃࠊ≉࡟㈋ᅔ
ᐙᗞ࡬኱ࡁ࡞㈇ᢸ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᐩ⿱ᒙ࡜㈋ᅔᒙࡢ᱁ᕪࡀᐦᗘࡢ㧗࠸㒔ᕷ✵㛫࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ♫఍ࡢ⥭ᙇࡢせ⣲࡜ࡶ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
31࢔ࢪ࢔࡛ࡢ㒔ᕷ໬࡜ㄢ㢟
East Asia and Pacific Cities: Expanding Opportunities for the Urban Poor (World Bank)ࡼࡾᢤ⢋࣭せ⣙EPᆅᇦࡢ㒔ᕷ࡛ࡢໟᦤ (Inclusion)ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢබⓗάືࡢࡓࡵࡢᣦ㔪㒔ᕷ㈋ᅔᒙࡢ⤒῭ⓗໟᦤ(Economic inclusion)㒔ᕷ㈋ᅔᒙࡢ㞠⏝ᕷሙ࡬ࡢཧ⏬ࠊPro-Poor࡞⤒῭㛤Ⓨࠊእⓗࢩࣙࢵࢡ㸦⅏ᐖ㸧࡬ࡢࣞࢪࣜ࢔ࣥࢫ
㒔ᕷ㈋ᅔᒙࡢ✵㛫ⓗໟᦤ(Spatial inclusion)⤫ྜⓗ࡞㒔ᕷィ⏬࡬ࡢᢞ㈨ࠊ࢔ࣇ࢛࣮ࢲࣈࣝ࡞ᅵᆅ࡜ఫᏯࡢ☜ಖࠊ࢖ࣥࣇ࣭ࣛ
࣮࣋ࢩࢵࢡࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡬ࡢබᖹ࡞ᶵ఍
㒔ᕷ㈋ᅔᒙࡢ♫఍ⓗໟᦤ(Social inclusion)඲࡚ࡢᅜẸࡢࠕ㒔ᕷࡢᶒ฼ࠖࢆㄆ㆑ࠊ㒔ᕷ㈋ᅔᒙࡢ୰࡛ࡶࠕ࿘㎶࡟ᢲࡋࡸࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࠖࢆ≉࡟ᑐ㇟࡟ࠊᆅ᪉ࡢ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫᙉ໬࣭ᕷẸࡢཧ⏬
32୰పᡤᚓ⪅ࡢఫᏯ㸦ᨻ⟇㸧ࡢኚ㑄1950sᨻᗓ࡟ࡼࡿ┤᥋ⓗ࡞ఫᏯᘓタ࣭ᥦ౪

ከࡃࡢ㏵ୖᅜ࡛ࡑࡢᡂᯝࡣ㝈ࡽࢀࠊཪࠊᢈุࡢᑐ㇟࡟ࡶ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦ࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝࡸ㤶 ࡣᡂᯝࢆ࠶ࡆࡓᩘᑡ࡞࠸஦౛㸧ࠋ

1960s - ࠕࢭࣝࣇ࣭࣊ࣝࣉ㸦⮬ຓດຊ㸧ࠖࢆ
1970s 㔜どࡋࡓࣃࣛࢲ࢖࣒ࠕࢭࣝࣇ࣊ࣝࣉࠖ࡟ࡼࡿఫᏯ౪⤥࡛ࡣࠊᛴቑࡍࡿ⭾኱࡞㟂せ࡟ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿ㛗ᮇⓗ࣭኱つᶍ࡞ᡭἲ࡜࡞ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࠕࢭࣝࣇ࣊ࣝࣉࠖ㝈⏺ࡢࡓࡵࠊࢫ࣒ࣛᨵၿ
(slum upgrading)ࡀከࡃࡢ㒔ᕷ࡛ᐇ㊶ࡉࢀࡓࠋ

1980sẸ㛫ࢭࢡࢱ࣮࡟ࡼࡿఫᏯᥦ౪ࡣ฼┈ࡀぢ㎸ࡵࡿ㧗ᡤᚓ⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊఫᏯᕷሙ࡟ࡼࡾపᡤᚓ⪅࡬ࡢఫᏯ౪⤥ࡣᅔ㞴ࠋᵝࠎ࡞ᕷሙཧຍ⪅࡟ࡼࡿఫᏯ౪⤥ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿ(࢖ࢿ࣮ࣈࣜࣥࢢ)ᨻ⟇࡬㌿᥮

1990s - ㍺ฟᚿྥᆺᕤᴗ໬࡟ࡼࡿ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡋࠊ ࠕ࢖ࢿ࣮ࣈࣜࣥࢢᨻ⟇ࠖࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔ྛᅜࡢఫᏯᨻ
2000s ከࡃࡢ୰㛫ᒙࡀⓎ⏕ࠊ㈋ᅔᒙࡢῶᑡ ⟇࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊ࢔ࣇ࢛࣮ࢲࣈࣝఫᏯࡣ࢔࡟ࡶᐤ୚ࠋࢪ࢔ྛᅜࡢ㒔ᕷࡢၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡾ⥆ࡅࡓࠋࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬➼ࡢ㐍ᒎ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㈋ᐩ ከࡃࡢపᡤᚓ⪅ࡣఫᏯᕷሙ࡬ࡣ࢔ࢡࢭࢫ࡛ࡁ࡞
ࡢ᱁ᕪࡣᣑ኱ഴྥ.
࠸≧ែࡀ⥅⥆ࠋ㧗㦐࡟ࡼࡾ୰㛫ᒙࡶࢡࣛ࢘ࢻ࢔࢘ࢺ
33

࢔ࣇ࢛࣮ࢲࣈ࣭ࣝࣁ࢘ࢪࣥࢢ
1980ᖺ௦௨㝆ࠊ㏵ୖᅜࡢ㈋ᅔᒙ➼ࡢࡓࡵࡢఫᏯᨻ⟇࡛ࡣࠕ࢖ࢿ࣮ࣈࣜࣥࢢᡓ␎ࠖࡀ୰᰾ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡇࡢᡓ␎ࡢୗ࡛ࡣࠊᨻᗓࡀ┤᥋ࢥࣥࢺ࣮࡛ࣟࣝࡁࡿࠊཪࡣࠊ᭱ࡶ᭷ຠ࡟௓ධ࡛ࡁࡿศ㔝࡟ᙺ๭ࢆ⤠ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡓࠋఫᏯ౪⤥ᕷሙ㔜どࡢᨻ⟇࡛࠶ࡾࠊᨻᗓࡢᙺ๭࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊձᕷሙࡢつไ㸦ࣞࢠࣗࣛࢺ࣮ࣜࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞ࣡ࢡ㸧ࠊղ஬ࡘࡢఫᏯ㛵㐃ࡢᕷሙ㸦ᅵᆅࠊ㔠⼥ࠊ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࠊᘓタ⏘ᴗ࣭ປാᕷሙࠊᘓタ㈨ᮦ㸧ࠊճ࣎ࢺࣝࢿࢵࢡࡢゎᾘࠊմఫᏯࢭࢡࢱ࣮ࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡢᨵၿࢆ㔜どࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋẸ㛫ࢭࢡࢱ࣮ࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕࣭ୡᖏࡀ౪⤥ࢧ࢖ࢻࡢᙺ๭ࢆᢸ࠸ࠊ௚᪉ࠊᨻ
ᗓࡣࠕᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࠖ(doing)࡟௦ࢃࡗ࡚ࠕྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࠖ㸦enabling) ࡜ᚑ᮶࡜ࡣ㐪ࡗࡓ௓ධ᪉ἲ࡛ࡢᙺ๭ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡓࠋ34࢔ࣇ࢛࣮ࢲࣈ࣭ࣝࣁ࢘ࢪࣥࢢ⌧ᐇ࡟ࡣࠊ୰⏘㝵⣭ࡢࡓࡵࡢࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣝ࡞ఫᏯྲྀᚓࡣྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊᣑ኱ࡋ⥆ࡅࡿ㒔ᕷࡢ㈋ᅔᒙࡀ㐺ษ࡞ఫᏯࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿᶵ఍ࡣᵓ㐀ⓗ࡟ኻࢃࢀ࡚
࠾ࡾࠊከࡃࡢ㈋ᅔᒙࡣ࣮࣒࣍ࣞࢫࡸ୍㒊ᒇࡔࡅࡢ࢖ࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣝᒃఫ࡜࠸࠺≧ἣ࡟␃ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕ࢖ࢿ࣮ࣈࣜࣥࢢᡓ␎ࠖࡣࠊᛴ⃭࡟㒔ᕷ໬ࡀ㐍ᤖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㏵ୖᅜࡢ㒔ᕷ࡛ከࡃࢆ༨ࡵࡿ㈋ᅔᒙ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࢔ࣇ࢛࣮ࢲࣈ࡛ࣝ㐺ษ࡞㸦adequate)࡞ఫᏯࢆ
ᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ᭦࡟ࠊఫᏯᕷሙࡣࠊᛴ⃭࡞㒔ᕷ໬࡜㒔ᕷࡢ㈋ᅔࠊᣑ኱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ୙ᖹ➼ࠊ㐣ཤ࡟౛ࡢ࡞࠸Ỉ‽ࡢ㒔ᕷ࡬ࡢ⛣ẸࠊHIV/AIDSࡸ⎔ቃᝏ໬࡞࡝ࡢᵝࠎ࡞ㄢ㢟࡟ࡶ┤㠃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᨻ⟇ࡢኻᩋ࡜ᵝࠎ࡞ㄢ㢟࡬┤㠃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ែࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊᅜ㐃ࣁࣅࢱࢵࢺ࡛ࡣࠕ᪂ࡓ࡞㒔ᕷࡢㄢ㢟ࠖ(New Urban Agenda㸧ࡢ୰ᚰㄢ㢟࡟ఫᏯ㸦Housing)ࢆ఩⨨௜ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᥦၐࡋࡓࠋ
35

“Housing at the Center” Approachୡ⏺ࡢ㒔ᕷேཱྀࡣࠊ1995ᖺࡢ26൨ே㸦㒔ᕷ໬⋡45%㸧
࠿ࡽ2014ᖺ࡟ࡣ39൨ே㸦ྠ54%㸧࡟ቑຍࠋᅜ㐃ࣁࣅࢱࢵࢺࡢ᥎ィ࡛ࡣࠊ2000ᖺ࡟791ⓒ୓ே࡛࠶ࡗࡓࢫ࣒ࣛேཱྀࡣࠊ2015ᖺ࡟ࡣ881ⓒ୓ே࡜᥎ィࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋูࡢ᥎ィ࡛ࡣࠊ2025ᖺࡲ࡛࡟ࡣ16൨ேࡢேࠎࡀ
Adequate㸦㐺ษ㸧࡛Affordable㸦ᡭࡈࢁ࡞౯᱁㸧ࡢఫᏯࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺᥎ィࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ≧ἣࡀᨻᗓ࡟ᑐࡍࡿWake-up call࡜࡞ࡾࠊᨻᗓ
ࡀ඲࡚ࡢ㒔ᕷఫẸࡀఫᏯࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡼࡾ
Ỵ↛࡜ࡋࡓ⾜ືࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

36

OUTLINE

Affordable Housing
National Housing Agenda
Link with national urban policies,
macroeconomic policies, employment
generation, poverty alleviation
Housing as a vector of development

Local Housing Agenda
Link with urban planning, land markets,
infrastructure.
Spatial inclusion, livelihoods
Housing as a vector for integration࢔ࣇ࢛࣮ࢲࣈࣝࣁ࢘ࢫࡢࢹࣜࣂ࣮ࣜࢠࣕࢵࣉὀ㸸Jap Kioe Sheng, Urban Low-Income housing in Cities of Developing
Countries in Asia (Power Point Presentation in Mynmar), UNESCAP,
2011 ࢆᇶ࡟సᡂ38ᨻ⟇ㄢ㢟࡜ྛᅜࡢᑐᛂ≧ἣᑐ㇟ศ㔝㸦✵㛫ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸧㒔ᕷィ⏬

㒔ᕷ࡜ᅜᅵィ⏬࡟ಀࡿᅜ㝿࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥ㸦UN-Habitat)㉁ࡢ㧗࠸࢖ࣥࣇࣛ

ᅜᅵ࣭ᆅᇦィ⏬

ᅜ㐃 ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔࡛ࡢࢽ࣮ࢬ➼39᪥ᮏᅜᅵ࣭ᆅᇦィ⏬⟇ᐃ࣭᥎㐍ࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒㸦ᅜᨻᒁ㸧ࢼࢩࣙࢼ࣭ࣝ࢔࣮ࣂ࣭࣏ࣥࣜࢩ࣮㸦UN-Habitat)ࢫ࣐࣮ࢺࢩࢸ࢕ࢽ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮࢘ࣥࣟࢥࢫࢺ㒔ᕷ㛤ⓎఫᏯᅜ㐃ࣁࣅࢱࢵࢺࡢㅖάື࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᪥ᮏ࣭㡑ᅜ࣭୰ᅜࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳබඹ஺㏻ᚿྥᆺ㛤Ⓨ㸦TOD)

Housing at Centre Approach
㸦UN-Habitat)㡑ᅜ• ࢼࢩࣙࢼ࣭ࣝ࢔࣮ࣂ࣭࣏ࣥࣜࢩ࣮ࠊࢫ࣐࣮ࢺࢩࢸ࢕ᡓ␎⟇ᐃࡢࡓࡵẖᖺ3࠿ᅜᨭ᥼• ࢫ࣐࣮ࢺ࣭ࢭ࣮ࣇ࢓࣮࣭ࢩࢸ࢕࣭࢔࣮࣡ࢻࡢ๰タ➼୰ᅜ• ࣮࣡ࣝࢻ࣭ࢩࢸ࢕࣭ࢹ࣮ࡢ๰タ• ୖᾏ࣐ࢽࣗ࢔ࣝࡢⓎ⾜• ࢔ࢪ࢔㒔ᕷᬒほ኱㈹ࡢ๰タ ➼୰ᅜࡢ㒔ᕷࡢໃ࠸࢔ࢪ࢔㒔ᕷᬒほ㈹ࡢᤵ㈹ᘧ㸦୰ᅜୡ⏺㒔ᕷࢹ࣮40㸦୰ᅜ㖟ᕝᕷ

ᗈᕞᕷ࣭ୖᾏᕷ

9᭶28᪥㸧

10᭶31᪥㸧㒔ᕷࡢࡢάຊ㸦JLL City Momentum Index 2017)

41

㒔ᕷࡢ
ࡢάຊ㸦JLL City Momentum Index 2017)1. ࢖ࣥࢻࡢඃ఩ᛶ㸦ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࣁࣈ࡛࠶ࡿࣂ࣮ࣥ࢞ࣟࣝࡀ㤳఩࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸧
2. ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࡜࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡀࠊࢩࣜࢥࣥࣂ࣮ࣞ࠿ࡽࢼ࢖ࣟࣅ㸦ࢩࣜࢥ࣭ࣥࢧࣂࣥࢼ㸧ࡲ࡛ࡢࢩࢸ࢕࣭࣓ࣔࣥࢱ࣒ࢆỴᐃ࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
3. άẼ࠶ࡩࢀࡿ᪂⯆ୡ⏺㒔ᕷࡢྎ㢌㸦ୖᾏࠊ῝ࢭࣥࠊࢻࣂ࢖ࠊࣂ࣮ࣥ࢞ࣟࣝࠊࣁ࢖ࢹࣛࣂ࣮ࢻ㸧
4. እᅜ┤᥋ᢞ㈨ࡀ㞟୰ࡍࡿ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࡢ㒔ᕷ㸦࣮࣍ࢳ࣑࣭ࣥࣁࣀ
࢖㸧
5. ୰ᅜࡢάຊ࠶ࡿ㒔ᕷࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮㸦㛗Ụࢹࣝࢱࠊ⌔Ụࢹࣝࢱ㸧42᪥ᮏࡢᙺ๭

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JOINࡢࡢάືࡢᗈࡀࡾ

44᪥ᮏࡢ༠ຊࡢྍ⬟ᛶ࢔ࢪ࢔ྛᅜࡢⓎᒎẁ㝵ࠊ㒔ᕷ໬ࡢ≧ἣ➼࡟࠶ࢃࡏ࡚ࠊᡃࡀᅜࡢ㧗ᗘ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ᮇ࠿ࡽ⌧௦࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ⤒㦂ࠊࣀ࢘ࣁ࢘ࠊᢏ⾡ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
1. 㒔ᕷィ⏬ᡭἲ㸦༊⏬ᩚ⌮࣭෌㛤Ⓨࠊබᅬ࣭බඹ✵㛫ࠊ㒔ᕷ஺㏻➼㸧

2. බඹ஺㏻ᣦྥᆺ㛤Ⓨ㸦TOD㸧ࠊ኱㒔ᕷᅪᩚഛ㸦ᴗົ᰾㒔ᕷ➼㸧
3. URࠊJHFA➼ࡀᣢࡘ⤒㦂࣭ࣀ࢘ࣁ࢘
4. ୙ື⏘ྲྀᘬࠊ୙ື⏘ホ౯➼ࡢ༠ຊ
5. Ẹ㛫㒔ᕷ㛤Ⓨ࣭ఫᏯᘓタࡸ㒔ᕷ෌⏕ࡢࣀ࢘ࣁ࢘
6. JICAࠊJOINࠊJBPࠊ JHBUࠊJ-CODE➼ࡢㅖᅋయ࡜ࡢ㐃ᦠࡇࢀࡽࡢከᵝ࡞ᨻ⟇ࢶ࣮ࣝࢆࣃࢵࢣ࣮ࢪ໬㸦࣓ࢽ࣮ࣗ໬㸧ࡋࠊ┦ᡭᅜ࣭㒔ᕷࡢࢽ࣮ࢬ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ᥦ౪㸦ᢏ⾡༠ຊ㸧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᡃࡀᅜࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ྛᅜࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣୡ⏺ࡢㄢ㢟ࡢゎỴ࡟኱࠸࡟㈨ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ45䛤Ύ⫈䛒䜚䛜䛸䛖䛤䛦䛔䜎䛧䛯䚹Thank youᅜ㐃䝝䝡䝍䝑䝖⚟ᒸᮏ㒊䝃䜲䝖䠖

http://www.fukuoka.unhabitat.org/
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