25 May 2010 at GRIPS, Tokyo

GMF-GRIPS Round Table“Toward a Brighter Future”

JICA’s Approach
to Global Food Security“Development Collaboration
for Rice and Tropical Savannah in Africa”
HANAI Junichi
Department of Rural Development
Japan International Cooperation Agency

Contents of Presentation
 Outline of JICA
 Results of Japan’s ODA in Agricultural Sector
 Importance of Global Food Security
 Case 1: “Coalition for African Rice Development(CARD)” Initiative
 Case 2: Japan-Brazil-Mozambique Tropical
Savannah Agriculture Development Programme1

25 May 2010 at GRIPS, TokyoJapan’s ODA and JICA’s Role
Bilateral Aid
OfficialDevelopmentAssistanceTechnical Cooperation
Loan Aid(ODA Loan)( Private-Sector Investment Finance)（ODA））
Multilateral Aid

Grant Aid

Fig.1 Japan’s ODA and JICA’s roleFig.2 Fiscal 2008 JICA’s Program

Results of Japan’s ODA in Agricultural Sector
 Total Amount of Japan’s bilateral ODA (FY2008, Net Disbursement Basis): 17,453M$(Agricultural Sector: 1,043M$ (5.7% of the total amount) Amount of ODA in Agricultural Sector by type of cooperation(FY2008, Commitment basis)・Technical Cooperation 205M$（19.6％）・Grant Aid
130M$ （12.5％）
・Loan Aid708M$（67.9％）
 Amount of JICA’s Technical Cooperation in Agricultural Sector （FY2008））：
19 billion Yen （12.8% of the total））
Asia:
6.9 billion Yen （35.9％）
Pacific: 0.5 billion Yen（2.7％）
Central and South America: 3.4 billion Yen （18.1％）
Middle East: 1.1 billion Yen （5.6％）
Africa:6 billion Yen （31.9％）
Others:
1.2 billion Yen （5.9％）
 Characteristics of Cooperation in Agricultural Sector
・Poverty Reduction through Rural Development
・Human Resource Development such as Researchers and Extension Workers
・Promotion of Agricultural Cooperatives
・Development of Agricultural Infrastructure and its maintenance2

25 May 2010 at GRIPS, Tokyo

Importance of Global Food Security
1. Current State of the people undernourished in the world• 1 billion of people are undernourishment in 2009.
（Increase of 127M people compared to 873M people in 2004~2006)
2. Food Crisis in 2008
• Sudden rise of food price in 2008 and it remains high until today• Reason・Population increase of the world・Change of food consumption style in emerging countries
・Competition between agricultural products and crops for bio-energy
・Negative effect of climate change
・Soaring oil price (rise of agricultural input price such as fertilizer)
・Reduction of agricultural investment• Serious negative effects on the net food import developing countries
and riots occurred in several cities
3. Imbalance of food demand and supply could cause the expansionof hunger in the net food importing developing countries.

Rice Export Price of Thailand and Viet-Nam
August 1987~March 2010, $ per ton, FOB in Bangkok
100% Grade B

100% Broken parboiled

15% Broken

35% broken

100% Broken

5% Broken

325 May 2010 at GRIPS, Tokyo

Coalition for African Rice Development (CARD)
Jointly proposed by JICA and Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA)
Officially launched at TICADⅣ in May 2008
Objective：Double the rice production in Sub-Saharan Africa within 10 years（from 14M ton to 28M ton）
What is CARD: CARD is an initiative to support the efforts of African countries toincrease rice production. It also offers a framework of consultation andcoordination between donors and rice producing African countries.
What CARD does:
Coordination and harmonization of assistanceAdvocacy for investment
Information sharing on rice development

Background of CARD 1
RiceExpanding Consumption of Rice
Rice consumption is sharply increasing because

Consumption

Production

Wheatof urbanization.

Suitable Climate for Rice Cultivation
Rice is originally tropical crop.
（There is veryvery limited area for wheat cultivationin Africa.
Africa.）Consumption
Production

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25 May 2010 at GRIPS, Tokyo

Background of CARD 2
160,000

4.50

140,000

4.00•Potential of Productivity
Improvement of Rice

3.50

120,000

3.00
2.50
80,0002.00

t/ha

1000ha100,000

60,0001.50
40,0001.00

Asia

20,000

Area
Yield

0.50

Area expansion：
1.3 times

9,000

2.00

8,000

1.80

7,000

1.60

1.00
4,000t/ha

1.20

5,000

•Suitable Land for Rice
Cultivation
There are wide undeveloped lowlands.

•Advantage of Japan’s
Cooperation

1.40

6,000
1000ha

2005

2003

2001

1999

1997

1995

1993

1991

1989

1987

1985

1983

1981

1979

1977

1975

1973

1971

1969

1967

1965

1963

0.00
1961

0Yield increase：
2.2 times

There is possibility to increase yield per unit
with basic technology transfer and inputs
such as fertilizer and improved seeds.

Long History of Rice Cultivation in Japan
Many experiences on Cooperation of Rice
Cultivation in Developing Countries

0.80

3,0000.60

2,0000.40

AreaYieldSub-Sahara Africa

1,000

0.20

Yield increase：
1.4 times

2005

2003

2001

1999

1997

1995

1993

1991

1989

1987

1985

1983

1981

1979

1977

1975

1973

1971

1969

1967

1965

1963

0.00
1961

0Area expansion：
3.3 times

Organizations participating in ＣＡＲＤ
＜Steering Committee Members＞＞• AGRA （ Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa））• AfricaRice （ Africa Rice Center））• FARA （Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa ）• NEPAD（（New Partnership for African Development））• JIRCAS (Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences ）• JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency)• IRRI （International Rice Research Institute））• FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization））• World Bank
• AfDB （ African Development Bank））• IFAD （International Fund for Agricultural Development））＜Organization participating in the CARD general meetings (other than listed above)＞＞• WFP （World Food Programme））• AFD （French Development Agency））• USAID（（US Agency for International Development））• Gates Foundation, Sasakawa Africa Association, CRS (Catholic Relief Service) etc.

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25 May 2010 at GRIPS, Tokyo

CARD Targeted Countries

MaliSenegal
Burkina Faso

GambiaBenin

GuineaGhana

Sierra Leone

Nigeria

Ethiopia

Central African Republic

Togo
Liberia

Côte d'IvoireCameroon
UgandaRwandaKenya

Democratic Republic of the Congo
Tanzania

ZambiaMozambique
Madagascar

Fi r st Gr o u p C o u n tr y (underlined)
Se c o n d Gr o u p C o u n tr yApproach to achieve the goal
Double rice production in SSA from 14 million
tons/year to 28 million tons/year by 2018

Value Chain
Approach

Irrigated field
Rehabilitation ofexisting irrigation
facilities andstrengthening of wateruser’s associations

Agroecology
Approach

Capacity
Development
ApproachRain-fed lowland

Rain-fed uplandEstablishment andextension of ricedevelopment model

South-South
Cooperation
Approach

Intensified NERICA
dissemination

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25 May 2010 at GRIPS, Tokyo

Achievements to date Selection of 23 targeted countries
 National Rice Development Strategies prepared by the 12
countries of the 1st Group and their policies for ricedevelopment shared with donors
 Discussion in progress between the governments and thedonors in each country of the 1st group on the possible
actions to realize the goal of NRDS

The 3rd CARD General Meeting（１）Date：17th May ~ 20th May 2010（２）Place：Arusha, Tanzania（３）Themes：
Progress of CARD/NRDS process by the 1st GroupDecision on the start of the support to the 2nd Group（４）Participation of USAID
The results of “West Africa Rice Value Chain Analysis”
implemented by USAID will be shared in the meeting.

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25 May 2010 at GRIPS, Tokyo

JICA’s Rice-related Technical Cooperation ProjectsSenegal（ T ） Project on Improvement of Productivity of Village Irrigation
Scheme in the Valley of Senegal（G））Irrigation program for the area in establishment of Podor

Uganda（T））NERICA Dissemination Project）Sustainable irrigated Agriculture（T）
Development Project in Eastern Uganda（G））Assistance to Establish the RegionalNERICA Rice Research and Training
Center at National Crop Resource InstituteGuinea）Development Study for Sustainable（T）
Rural Development in Middle and Upper
GuineaTanzania

Sierra Leone）Agricultural Development Project in（T）
Kambia District Phase 2（ T）） Technical Cooperation for Supporting Service
Delivery System of Irrigated Agriculture（ T）） Sub-Programme for Formulation and Trainingof the prefecture guidelines on Irrigation SchemeDevelopmentKenya）Irrigation Project in Muea
（L）

Madagascar（T）） Project for rice productivity improvement（ G）） Project for the Improvement of the Irrigation facilityin South West of Lake Aloatra（ L））Management and Irrigation of South West of
Lake Aloatra

WARDA(ARI)
Ghana（T））Project for Sustainable Development ofRainfed Lowland Rice Production(E) Seed Increase/CultivationMozambiqueType of technical cooperation projects classified by targeted
Rice production system ：Irrigation
Reinfed lowland
Reinfed upland
1st Group of countries for CARD
nd
2 group of countries for CADR
Cooperation Scheme :（（T））Technical Cooperation （G））Grant Aid（L））ODA Loan (E) Individual Expert（ T）） Integrated Agricultural Development Project for Small Scale
Farmers in Chokwe Irrigation scheme（ T）） Reactivation of Rice Production in Nante, Zambezia
Province

Training courses implemented for government officials in charge of rice development
such as researchers, research assistants and extension workers.
(Approximately 100 persons per year)

Capacity Development in CARD
a case in Tanzania• Through Project Activities
Introduced Simple Basic Techniques
In Paddy Fields
In the Irrigation Scheme

Voluntary Works of Farmers
Gender Mainstreaming as Livelihood
Improvement8

25 May 2010 at GRIPS, Tokyo

Capacity Development in the Field
Training of Practical Simple Basic Techniques

Land Preparation

In-line Planting(Transplanting)Weeding
wt Simple Weeder

Farmer to Farmer Approach

Post harvest(Threshing)

Gender Consideration

Field Training
KeyFarmers
IntermediateFarmers

Village
Leaders,
Extension
Officers

50/50
Ordinary
Farmers

Livelihood
Improvement

Baby-sitting

Basic Techniques (1/2)

In Paddy Fields•Good Variety & Good Seeds,•Good Preparation and Managementof Field,•In-line planting of young plant,•Early Weeding,•Proper water management, etc

Early Weeding

In-line Planting from
Nursery under Crop
Calendar

925 May 2010 at GRIPS, Tokyo

Basic Techniques (1/2)

In-line Planting of Young Plant

In the Irrigation
SchemeMaintenancePlanning for:- Water Delivery- Planting

Farm Managementin the irrigation blocklevel

Good Preparation and Managementof Field,,
HarvestingHigh Yields from All Fields

Maintenance of Infrastructure

In Tanzania

In Japan

Voluntary
Good Example
Training → Maintenancein Irrigation Sites:10

25 May 2010 at GRIPS, TokyoReg
isNew tration oVariety f

Support to Research：：Selection of Good Variety

On-farm trial at R.I.

On-farm trial at Farmers’ Fields

For Supporting Production & Extension of Qualified Seed
Rain-fed lowland
UplandIrrigated Land

Economic Impacts

BEFORE

Kids with new shoes and stationaryAFTER

Hand Tractor

1125 May 2010 at GRIPS, TokyoJapan-Brazil-Mozambique Tropical Savannah
Agriculture Development ProgrammeConcept：Constructing a sustainable and competitive agricultural and ruraldevelopment model with environmental and social consideration throughtriangular cooperation

Agriculture as a key for poverty reduction and economic growth
in Mozambique・ Existence of vast unexploited arable land
(Only 4% (2M ha) of tropical savannah land (55M ha) is used for agriculture. )・ 80% of the total labor force is engaged in the agriculture sector and optimaluse of labor force through improvement of production efficiency and expansionof farm land is needed.

Japan-Brazil Cerrado AgriculturalDevelopment Project and its results
Tropical Savannah Zone （2 billion ha））

Agricultural development of Cerrado
W.Gr.

75º

70°

65°

60°

55°

50°

45°

40°

35°
05°

05°
RR

AP
00°

00°

PAAM

CE

05°

05°

RN

MA

PB

PIPE
AC

AL

RO

10°

TO

10°

SEBA

MT
15°

GO

15°

MGES

MS

20°

SP

20°

RJ

PR

25°

25°
SC

Escala:

50°

45°

150

0150 300 450 600km

40°

35°

RS

30°

W.Gr.

75°

70°

65°60°55°

Total Area of Cerrado: 200M ha30°30°

1. What is Cerrado Agricultural Development?
Started in 1976 as national project of Japan andBrazil in partnership with private sector.
Technical cooperation towards Brazilian
Agricultural Research Cooperation (EMBRAPA)
6.84 billion yen (of which 2.79 billion yen fromODA) invested for the agricultural development of345,000 ha of Cerrado zone.
2. ResultsImprovement of Brazilian agricultural research
capacityA barren land of Cerrado transformed to a one of
the biggest grain/food supply source of the world
through: land improvement, selection ofappropriate crops and breeding, development ofcooperatives and partnership with private sector
Increase and diversification of agricultural
production in Cerrado zone (becoming the big
exporter of soybean and development of agribusiness)

Harvested Area 14.5M ha（（Equivalent to 40% ofJapan’s total land area））

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25 May 2010 at GRIPS, Tokyo

Result of the Cerrado
Development
Amount of Grain Production (thousand ton)

BEFORE

OthersWheatBeans

AFTER
Corns

Rice

Source: Y. Hongo based on statistics of CONAB

Basic concept of cooperation
1. Target Area: The Nacala Corridor Area in tropicalsavannah zone
2. Know-How utilized in the cooperation：：
Brazil - Agricultural techniques for tropical savannah
Japan - Regional and Integrated agricultural development
3. Work plan:
The 1st phase (3~5 years): Technical Cooperation
The 2nd phase: Financial Assistance
4. Points of cooperation:
 Consideration on environmental and socio-economic condition ofMozambique Improvement of small scale farmer’s agricultural productivity anddevelopment of medium and large scale agriculture by the support ofprivate finance Integrated regional and agricultural development of the Nacala
Corridor by concentrating the investment on social and economic
infrastructure in the region13

25 May 2010 at GRIPS, Tokyo

Thank you for your attention!

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