lSSN O912−7410

No．17 Januaけ1992．ヽ †Jけ．ヽ†ノニ

rⅧ

J〃TE月〃ATJO〃Aエ エd斤E E〃W月0Ⅳ〟EⅣr CO〟〟JrTE且 FO【J〃βArJOⅣ￣For Better Lake Management￣
Thi＄New＄letteris also avaiIableinJapanese．

lLEC ］nternationalEnvironmentalEducation Exhibition
ThelLEC lnternationalEnvironmentalEducation Ex−
hibition washeldatLakeBiwaResearchlnstitute（Otsu，
Shiga）on18−20November，199l，underthe joint au−

The

Promotion of Environmenta［Educationin De−

Ve10Plng Countries

was entrusted toILEC by theEnvironmentAgencyofJapanasanODAProject，andis

SPICeSOftheEnvironmentAgencyofJapan，lLEC・Shiga PrOmOtedinlinewiththe lPilotPro5ectonLakeEnviron−menta［Education forDenmark，8razilandJapan．These
PrefecturalGovernmentandtheShigaBoardofEduca−
threecountriesarealsoincludedinlLEC

tion．

slatestprojectinwhichDenmarkardJapanp（ayaroIeofshowlngCaSe

At this exhibition，EnvironmentalEducation ，nOWa−

StUdiesfromdeve10Pedcountriestotheothercountries

days a common and globalsubject，WaSintroduced

Chosen to paTlicipatein tMs proJeCt−Brazil，Argentina．

throughthepi10tPrOjectsanddocumentationofl） Pi10t
Project on Lake EnvironmentalEducation which was
PrOmOtedbylLECfrom1989to1991and2） Promotion
Of EnvironmentalEdLJCationin Developing Countries

Thailand and Ghana．1LEC hopes to make a school

WhichlLECis currently promoting，

networkon EnvironmentalEducationinthesecountries．

PiIotproJeCtSOfsixcountrieswereshownasfollows：newspapersand pictures bythe studentswere＄hown．

」JIリー−

TheJapanesepTOJeCtlaysemphasison

eutrophica−tion and acid rain ，becauseeutrophicationisone of

GhanathemajorproblemsofwaterquaIityinShigaPrefecture，

The Ghanaian proJeCt CO

andacid rainis acommon and g10balenvironmental

issue．

ectedinformation on En−

Vironmenta］Education．
WeijaReservoir（Densu），thepi10tlake，andfourpi10t
SChooIswereintroducedthroughpicturesand posters．

Thelessonsheldatthepl10tSChooIswereshownon
Panels．
AIso，aPParatUS（timplefiltrator）developedbystudents
with the assistance of their teachers and software for
Per＄Onelcomputers used as materialforthelesson on
eutrophication andacid vain were exhib‡ted．

Denmark

BigThanksToA［lContributors−Biwako Lake Aid Concert−
The 9thThe aim of the Danish project was to look at theecosystem of takes with the Fure Lake（Copenhagen）
Selected as a pItOtlake．
Pictures and postersofthe environmentofthelake，
WOrkbooks，eSSaySand graphsofwaterqualityatFure
Lake were shown．

ThesematerialswerepreparedbystudentsofthepIIot
SChooISyvstjernskolen（Seven−StarS PrimarySchoolin
English）．Materiats and posters by theForum forEnvironmental Education，Denmark ■were alsointro−
duced．

Since1989the BrazMan proleCthasbeenorganizlng
COurSeSandpracticalandtheoreticaltrainlngforschool
teachers and one−day excursions for students at the
Lobo（Broa）Reservoir basin．
Pictures of these dctivities were shown on panets．
ThailandCeivlngagreatdea10fattention．An E．E．campalgn byCampaign

Magic Eyes

（theconceptoftMscampaignisthat

natureisaliveandifyoudosomethingbadtotheenvironment，
itis watcMng you）by the ThaiCreation Association

WereintrodLJCed through such things as posters，Stick−ers，Video software and booklets．
Argentl＝alnArgentina，ChascomusReservoirandSaftoGrande
ReseⅣOir（BuenosAires）were selected as piIotIakes．
StudentS went on a field trip to the lakes and madePOSterS On their observations of the environment．Be−
Sides notebooksofmathematics（dataonwaterquality
WaS CaIculatedin mathslessons）and bioIogy，Wa
2

Biwako Lake Aid Concert．

1n1989，aPrOmOterOfthefestivaIrequestedILECto
ParEicipatein the concertto glVera g10balviewoffake
environments，ln response to this request，thelLEC
Secretariat provided posters showlng the condition ofmanylakes around the world．At the same time，theSecretariat provjded co ecting boxes for fund−raislng
fortheCapitalFund ofthelLEC Foundation．Donations
have been made by over20，000peopre．

Environmentaleducationin Thailandis currently re−
the NationalEnvironment Board and thewas heId on

August2nd，1991．on an artificial手sIand on Lake Biwa．
Appearmg at the concert were worTd famousJaZZ
musjcians who gave exciting performances andappealedforprotectionandconservationoftheenvironL
ment．An audience ofmorethantenthousandgathered
OnthatmidsummernightandNHK（NipponBroadcasting
Corporation）aired the concert alt overJapan．
Theoutdoormusicfestivalwasstartedin1983bythe
GoveTnmentOf Shiga Prefecture and NHKtohighlightthepIightoflakeenvironments．Sincethen，thefestiva
hasbeenheldonayearlybasiseverysummerandbeen
named theBrazilBiwako Lake Aid Concer【Otherthanthemoneycollectedattheconcerts，there

focusonwaterresourceandwatershedconsen／ation，ishave also been contributionstothe CapitalFundfrom

alsocurrentlyInPrOgreSS．AnotherfunctionoflLECisits

approximately200enterp「lSeS andlOO persons・We

roIe of coordinator for the WorId Lake Conference，

WOuldl‡ketotakethisopportunitytothankeverysingle

Which ha＄been held at2−3yearinterva［ssince1984in

PerSOn and enterprise for the generosity they haveJapan，the UnitedStates，Hungaryand China．Thenext

Shownin making contributions to［LEC．

（5th）conference willbe heldin northernltalyin theSp「ing of1993．

HIROYA KOTANllLEC Head of GeneralAffairsDivision

Wehavealsoaccumulatedinformat毒onontheenviron−mentalstatesofafewhundredIakesoftheworld，bothnaturaland manmade，tO be further compiledinto a
database．Thanks to the financialaid received fromlWRA7th World Congress

UNEP，detaileddataonthelimno10glCal，enVironmental
and socio−eCOnOmic aspects of some120importantlakes have already been publishedin a series ofthe
AnILEC SpecialSession on Lake Managementwas
Data Book of World Lake Environments．
COnVened on16May1991duringthe．1WRA7th World［wouldlike to emphasize thattheinformationlLEC
Congress on Water ResourcesrWaterforSustainabIe
hasaccumulatedcleartyshowsthecriticaIdeterioration
Developmentin the21st Century−at Rabat，Morocco・
Ofinland waterenvironmentsandfreshwaterre＄OUrCeS．
lLEC participants included the session chairperson
Thisistaking p］ace on a globalscale，nOt Onlyin
Professor S．Matsui，Prof．C．H．D．Magadza，Prof・M・
Nakayama and Dr．）．G．Tundisiwho spoke on the deveIopmg reg10nS Of the wor吼 but atsoin manyindustrialized countries．
Problemsofwaterqualityand managementandmultiT
Overuse ofIand and freshwater resourcesin water−
PleusesinAmazonReservoirs ．OthertopICSdeaItwith
Shedsis progressivelyimpoverishing the amount ofby［LEC members were the JCurrent situation andCOuntermeaSureSforChina sIakeenvironment
byProf． WaterStOrageinIakesandreselVOirsbythesedimenta−tion of eroded soit on the one hand and through the
Liu Hongllang and Prof．Duan Ning， The＄tate and
10Werlng Of the waterleve10n the other．A good
PerSPeCtives ofthe AralSea problem by Prof．G．N．
i ustration ofthis problemis the crisi＄Ofthe AralSea
GoIubev，and the lmpact of globaIwarming oTllakes
andsomeotherarid−ZOnelakes．Lakewaterqualityand
and reseⅣOirs by Dr．」．P．Bruce．
畠cosystemsarebeingseriousIydamagedoreventota y
Of the630people attending thelWRA conference，
upset at anincrea＄Eng rate due to eutrophication，
SOme100were at thelLEC SpecialSession・Many
acidification and toxic contamination resulting fromquestionsweretakenfromthefIoorandthesessionwas
accelerated concentration of human population anddeclared a great success．
industrialactiv弓tyin theiTWaterSheds，However，OnIy a
Verylimited number oflakes have hitherLo been suc−
CeSSfully recoveredfromsuch environmentaldegrada−

The16th Meeting ofGoverning Council of UNEP

tion by appropriate countermeasures．
SoIwouldliketo reque＄t UNEP，the Dublin Confer−ence and the upcoming United Nations Conference on−AStatementGivenbyProf．TatuoKira￣

Environmentand Deve10PmenttO Pay PrOPerattention
to theinland water crisis，aSitis an urgent global
environmentalprobIem．and to take effective action

The16thmeeting oftheGoveming Counci10fUNEP
WaSheldbetween2QT31May1991．Thefo

owingextract agalnStit，

isthespeechgivenbyProfessorTatuo Kira−Chairper−

Tatuo Kira

SOn OfthelLECScientific Committee−atthis meeting．

Chairperson of the［LEC Scientific Commite

WehaveorganizedorsupportedtrainlngCOurSeSandexpert workshopsin severalcountries and are pub−1ishingaseriesofguidelinebooksonlakeandreservoir
management，Aioint proJeCt by severalcountries onenvironmentaIeducation for schooIchildren，With aLAKES OF THE WORLD室
今
ゼ′て二て∴｝・

LAGO MAGG10RE（汀ALY）
Lago Magg10re，Whichis the secondIargestamong

Subject，forseveraIdecade＄，tOSeVereindustrialpo‖u−theltalianlakes（212，5km2），liesatanaltitudeof193．5m tioTIWith copper and ammonia．
The geoIoglCaIfeature＄Of the drainage basin areabovesealevel，justtothe south oftheAIps（1atitude
quitecomplexandhavebeendeeplyinfluencedbythe
45057 N；Iongitude8033 E）．Thelakewasformedovera

PeriodofaboutlOO，000yearsthroughexcavationbytwo
WurmiangIacierswMchmoveddownfromtheAIpsandaIplne OrOgen（∋Si＄・

The basinis dividedinto two paTtS bythe so caed

NFnsubriclhe ，themostimpoTlanttectonic（inecrosslng
aIongthevalleysoftheriver＄TicinoandToce，remOde −the southwestern portion of the AIpine system．Atthe
1ng Pre−eXisting river va eys of the Messinian period
north ofthisline，in the massif ofSt．Gotthard，Orthog−（about20mi ionyearsago）．Theerosivepowerofthes
neissdominates；atthesouthoftMsmounta手nrangeare
glaciers（approximately1200−1500mthick，mOVingata
SPeedof5−10m／day）iswe shownbythedepthofthe a band of schi＄ti＄and calcareous rocks．
lake（meanvalue177．4m；maXimumvalue370m，COrreS−Thetotaf TeSidentpopulationinthe drainage areais
about670，000．However，aS Lago Magg10reis a re−POnding to a cryptodepression of177m）・

Thelakeis approximately15，000years oId andis a

nownedtouristicresort，reCreationrepresentsoneofthe

mostimportantusesofthe［ake，thetouristindustrycan
typical，Veryelongate，Piedmontlake，WithanU−Shaped
accountformorethan12miIlionルtouristdays ；nearlytransverseprofile（maximumbreadthlOkm；lengthaIong
the tha響Weg66km）．

The drainage basin ofthe fake covers6，599km2，Asmuch as50％ofthis arealiesl，283m above sealevel
andl．1％ofitis composed ofglaciers．PoliticalIy，thedrainage basin be10ngS bothtoltaly（3，229km2）andto
Switzerland（3，370krT］2），but80％ofthelakesurfaceisin
Ltaly．ThebasincontainsseveraIIakesandreservoirs．of
Which nine have an area exceeding O．5km2．
Reservoirs and natura y dammed takes number32，

half of them concentrated along the shore reglOn．
Otherimportantusesofthelakearesport，COmmerCial
fisheries and boating．Agricu圧uralwater requIrementS，SuChasirrIgationforricefieIdsanddairypastures，StilT
representthegreatestuseofthewaterdischargedfrom
Lago Maggiore・
Thelnsubricreg10n，tOWhichtheLagoMagglOrearea
betongs，is characteri＄ed by high humidity and rather
mildwinters becauseofthe presence ofboththeIake

andaccountforatotalvoIumeofmorethanhalfamillion

itselfandtheAIps，Wh童ChofFerprotectionfromno11herly

CUbic rTleterS．Thelargest of theselakes（Lago di
Lugano，Lago d Orta and Lago diVarese）are heavily
PO uted．Lago diLugano and Lago diVarese are
extremely eutrophic；Whilst Lago d Orta has beenWinds．The（owesttemperaturesareattainedinJanuary，With an average of2．6

c．Maximum temperatures at

PallanzastationoccurinJuly，Withanaverageof22．10c
Prevaillng Wind＄are nOrthwesterly and southwesterly．

Rainfall至ntheareaishigh（meanva山eaboutl，800mm／

hypolimneticwaterstheminimumvalueofconcentration，yr），With ratherstrong variations（1，191T3，352mm／yr）・

observed during 1977 after 8 years of permanent

FromlatesprlngtOaUtumn，amarkedstratificationis

Stratification，WaS5rng／l（u＄ually7・8mg／l）・

PreSent，Withamaximumdeepen■ngOfthethermocline

Phosphorus and Nitrogen concentration are very

to 30m．

importantinordertounderstandthetrophicevo］utionof

Duetothehighmaximumandmeandepthofthelake，
aswellastothepeculiarclimaticconditionsofthearea，

thelake．

a compIete overturn ofthe water芦Of Lake Magg幸ore
does not occur every year・

inorganic nitrogen and concentration has shown a

ThelayeroverlurnedinwinterisaboutlOOto150m
deep，Whereasacomplete mixlngOCCurSOnly］nWind

Nitrates const批Ite the mostimportant fraction ofmarkedhcreasefrom1960to1977passlngfrom500to800L）g N／I；Since then the nitrate concentration has
Stayed at much the same value，

andin cdld years．
The markedincrease of human population in thedrainage basin during thelastfew decades，tOgetheT
With the progressiveindustrialization of the area，isclearly reflected in the rapid worsening of the water

A markedincreasein thelevels of phosphorus was
Observed during the same years，PaSSlng from value
be10WlOリgP／lto37ugP／Iattheendofthe1970s；atthe present time total phosphorus concentration has
dropped to values of15tlg P／l・qualityofLagoMaggiorefromthe1960stothe1970s・

The ionic composition of Lago Maggiore waters
PreSentS a PreValence of calcium and magne＄ium
among cations and bicarbonate and sulphates among

Thetrendsin nutrients dynamicsinthe pastreflecta
trendinphytoplanktonproductivityandcommunitycomT
position towards eutrophication until the end of the
1970s and oligotrophicationin the fol］owlng yearS．

From the1960s and1970s the algalproductivity
anions（90％oftotalionic concentration equalto3．06
meq／l）．Theconductivityrangeisbetween135and137 increasedalmost3timesandb100mSOfthecyanobac−
te【ia Osc′JJaわrfa r〟b郎CeJIStOOk place．
LIS／Cm at18．C；PH from7．4and7．5in hypolimnetic
AtthepresenttimeLagoMaggioreisrecovertngandit
WaterS and 8．0−8．5in epIIImnion；OXygen Can reaCh
Can be classified as an oIIgO−meSOtrOPhiclake．
130−150％of saturation during algalbIooms whilstin
Withregardtozooplankton，COPePOdsdominatewith
four species（1diaptomid and3cyc10POids），but cla−
docerawithDaphniahyalinaandthepredaceusLepto−
dor8欠′〃dI／′and 8y〃10什e′）わesJo〃gJmaロリS rePreSent
the key factor in the trophic chain as they are thePreferred fooditem for planktivorous fish．
Thefish popuIationis dominated by pelaglC Plankti−
VOrOUSSPeCies．The average annualyieIdforthe most
COmmOn SPeCies of fishis：COregOnuS400−500tons，
bleak15−20tons，PerChlOtons，trOUt2−3tons．
Theimprovementobservedinlakewaterqualityinthe
last decade can be attributed to the construction of
SeWage treatment Plants for about50％of the total
equIValent population ofthe drainage area．The phos−
Phorusloadpassedfrom760tonsP／yrin1980to260tons
P／yrin1989．
AnlntemationalCommissionforWaterProtectionwas
establishedin1978by theltalian and Swiss Govern−ments，SuPPOrt宇nglimnolog．calresearchandstudiesfor
lake recovery as we

providing support for positive

actions．

The environmentalprotection pIan aims to reduc
PhosphorusIoadtoah∋Velbelow200tonsP／yrandthe
PhosphorusconcentTationinlakewatertobe10WlOLJg
Pパ．

Substancesextractedfrominundatedsoiland numer−

Astherealizationofthetreatmentplantsforsewagein
thedrainageareaplannedforthe next5yearsaimsto

OUS POutantsaccLJmUlated dueto sIowed downwater

handle the waste from more than 80％ of the total

exchange essentia］ly modified the chemicaIcomp9＄i−

equlValent population，We eXPeCt future amelioration

tion of water，Jdeterioratingits quality．TheinfIow of

C10Se tO natUralconditions．

biogenouscompoundsfrominundatedsoilandvegete−

Dr，Riccardo de Bemardi

tionaswe‖asanthropogeniceutrophicationcontributed

Director

torestructurlngOfthefloraandfauna，aCCOmPanied bylnstituto ltaliano di ldrobilogia

bIooms of blue−greenS．Fertilizers and pesticides are

Pa］lanza−1taly

WaShedintoartificiallakesfromfields．Non−functionlng，
inadequateorthetotalabsenceofpurificationpIantson
theVolgaandtheinsufficientcontro10fpo］lutionhas］ed
toageneraldeteTiorationofthequalityofwaterandof

The Volga

thentra−WatermediumintheabsenceofNanyparticularof†ender ．

−A reg10n Of eco10glCaIdisaster（Table ArtificialLakes ofVolga）

N．N．Smirnov and LA．Smirnova

Artificial

Year of

Area at NormaI

Lakes

Dammlng

Water LeveE
7

4

9

9

24 5・−5

5
8
3

0

4
1

■1

1

9

ウリ

9

6

9

4

9

9

︵O

9
3

1

4

9

4

7

5
8
6

∧U

5

2

■．⊃

5

1
﹂﹁ 8 71 9
2 6 1 つJ2 1

8（on the Kama）

2

9

1

Perm

3

9

■．〇

9

1

Volgog「ad5Theconstructionofa「tificiallakesmainlyforindustrial Nizhnkamsltoe
PurPOSeS．thedeveEopmentofenergetics，a＄We asfor（on the Kama）
WaterSuPPlyand navlgation，hasradicaIrymodifiedthe
Votkinskoe
fIora and fauna of the river and the conditions of their

9Tab】e）

0

COnStrUCted onitslargest tributa「ypthe Kama．（See7

artificiallakes with s10Wed down fIow which are also

（km2）

9

TheVolgaisthelargestriverofEurope．1tslengthafter（downstream）
dammingis 3，530km with a drainage area ofl，360，000km2．AbouthalfthepopulationofRussialivesinlvan（：OVO
the basin ofthe Votga，andl／40fits agnculturaland
Ug＝chindustria10utPutis producedin this reg10n．The water
Rybinsk
SUPPlyofMoscow，Withitsresidentpopulationofabout
Gorkiy9．000．000 people，and of many other big cities，isCheboksary
derived from the Volga andits tributaries．
Kuybyshev
At present the Volgais transformedinto a chain ofSaratov（onIhe Kama）

existence．
70

The Volga basin receives 25km3 0f waste water
annuay，incIuding O．7km3whichis not purified．This

inc山des．interalia，adailydischargeof4，000，000m8into
theKamaartificialtakeandanannualdischargeintothe

Volgadeltaofl，136，000，000m3．Some185，OOO，000m3

and f10ra Of artificiallakesin1978．

Wateris used annua

Changesrelatedtodammlng，theoreticaIlypredicted，
WereOnthewholeeitherunreaEisedorunpredictable．1t
appearsthatartTficiaElakesmodifyintera6tionsbetween
the environmentandtheintra−Watermediumin climatic，
UnderF100dingandabrasionaspects．Dammlngentailed
SUbmergence of fertile fIoodpIainland＄．Altogetherin
the USSR some10，000，000ha of agrlCUlturalland has

PurPOSeS by the city of Cherepovets．

beeninundated．

6

5Thelife ofthe Volgahad been activelystudied both
beforedammlngandafteritwithreview＄，includinglists
Ofanimalsandplantsrecorded，having been publishedforsomea「tificiallakesconstructedoT］theV01gaandits
tributaries．Based on detailed field data．investigations
were made for the first time on the formation of faunay forindustriaIand domestic

1n the Rybinsk a「tificiallake30％of the phosphorus
and 20％of the nitrogenis of anthropogenic orlgln．
Eutrophicationdueto］anddevelopmentinthedrainage
areaandtoindustrialand domesticwastewaterisonthe
lnCrea＄e．

A numberofcatastrophic dischargesofwastewater
have been recordedforexampIein1964inthe KamadischargedintotheRybinskartificiallakeinthereg10nOf

Muchattention hasafwaysbeenpaidtothesdentificandappliedproblemsoftheVolgaandtheVolgabasin．

the cityofCherepovetscausing extensivefish killand

At the beginning of this centurl numerous biologic

andin1987severalhundredthousandcubicmeterswas

StationS in the Volga basin carried out research andreg10nS，Asaresuft，thecontentofheavymetalsinthe Published their proceedings．Later most of them dis−
LowerVolga reached（ug／l）；Cu7；Zn22．5；Cd O．5．
appeared，thoughsomeweretransformedintoresearchlchthyological investigations of the Volga revealed
CenterS．Thefo owIngInStitutionsareattheforefrontof
thatthetotaIannualfishcatchinartificialIakesi＄＄eVeral
researchinthisreg10n：ThelnstituteofBioIogyoflnland
timeshigherthanthatintheriverbeforedammlng，rnthe
Watersofthe USSRAc．Sc手．（in Borok，Onthe Rybinsk
artificiallakesoftheVolgaTKamasystemtheannualfish
artificiallake），thelnstituteofEco10gyOftheVolgabasin
CatCh（anaveragefor1976−1980）was20，400t．However， Of the USSR Ac・Sci・（in Togliatti．on the Kuybyshev
the species compo＄ition of the fish fauna changed
artificiallake），theSaratovbTanChoftheStateResearch
Slgnificantly affecting commercia y valuable fish spe−
Fnstitute foT Lake and River Fish Management（Gos−
Cies．
NIORKh）（in Saratov．on the SaratovarLificiallake），theDamsinterrupted migrationTOuteSOfsturgeons，her−VolgogradbranchoftheGosN10RKh（inVolgograd，Onrings and Stenodus．Some85％of naturalspawning theVolgograd artificiallake），theAstrakhan reserve（ingrounds have beenIost due to hydraulic construction．
theVolgadeIta）．Thepubliccommitteeforthesalvation
The naturalspawnlng rhythm has also been distu（bedOftheVolgaisextremelyactive．Researchcarriedoutin
the state ofthe existing artificiallakesis aimed atthe
andfishfrydestroyedingreatquantitiesinwaterintakes．
Duringthe29years ofthe dammed Volga，the10S＄Of improvementofhydrologlCal，hydrochemical，bio10glCaI
and otherconditions relatedtotheimpactofhydraulicCOmmerCia y valuable fish catches totaled5，500，000t．
the10SS Of commercialquaJityfish across many other

Between1964−1965 there were15 mass ki

s ofCOnStruCtion and ofindustries．

ThecatastrophicsituationofbiologlCalproductivityof
LowerVolgaandtheVolgade［ta．1twasnotuntilthere aquaticandnear−aquaticecosystemsledtotheideaof
WaS a further mass k‖of sturgeonsin1988（5−800t
theadvisabiIityoftheemptyingofartificiallakes．Some
Perished）thatthese facts aroused any attention．
PUblication＄formulatetheideaofemptyingtheartificial
lakesasanewscientificprobIem requlrlngathorough1nmanyspeciesofsturgeons，Pike，Catfish，WiIdcarp，
and Stenodusfrom the dam ofthe Vo（gograd arEificial
analysis．Some authors defend hydraulic construction
lake downstream to the NorEh Caspian，myOPathyis
and artificiallakeswith evidenttalent，butitis obvious
diagno＄ed due to chemical multiple−factor〝intoxica−
that the requlrementS tOinvestigate the situation ex−tion；in tissues and organs of the Russian sturgeon
CeedstherequlrementSrealizedinmakingtheartificial
SturgeOnSandin1987afurther17mas＄fish kiI（sinthe

PeSticides and heavy metal＄are detected．

lakes．

Histolog［CalTy，7rreVerSiblepatho10glCalchangesinthe
tis＄UeS Of sturgeonsin the Lower Volga under the
influence of theincreased generalpo

utionleveIare

Forthcomlng Meeting

evident．
1f noimmediate effective measures are taken，theCaspianbasinwiI＝oseitsimportanceinfisheries．Most
StUrgeOnSareReddatabookspecies，Theirexistenceis
IimitedtothebasinsofthesouthernseasoftheUSSR，aGlobalWetlands Old Worldand New rV rnternational
Wetlands Conference

ZOneundergolngCOnSiderabledestructionofitsnaturalenvironment．Thus they may disappear comp［etely．

Date：September13T22，1992

Measures to rescue these species may include theirPlace：Ohio State University，CoIumbus，Ohio．U．S．

acclimatizationin various countr看es，

Sponsor：ThelnternationalAssociation of Eco10gy

A10ng With fish culttJralprobIems，dammlng has

The conference wiemphasize the g10balroFe of

CauSedvariousotherproblems，incLudingdemographic−

Wetlands，their g10balextent．new and traditional

a10neS・Construction ofa「tificiallake＄entailed movlng

approachestowetlandrestorationmonitonng，andcou−

the residents of settlements to beinundated．Atota10f

PIEngOfwetlandswiththeirlandscape．1LECisgolngtO

l，250，000peoplein the USSR have been moved from

SPOnSOr a SeSSion entitFed

areas of future artificial lakes

Lakes

wetland for Protection of7

Contact：Dr．W．）．Mitsch，Organizing CommitteeChair，

2ndlnternationalConference
On Reservoir Limno10gy
and Water Quality

SchoolofNaturalResources，The OhioState

University．2021CoffeyRoad，CoIumbu＄，Ohio
43210 USA

Asian Wetland Symposium

Date：August9−14，1992
Place：Ceske Budejovice，Czechoslovakia

Date：October15，20．1992

Organizer：theHydTObiologicallnstituteoftheCzechos−
lovakAcademyofSciencesatCeskeBude−

Place：Lake Biwa Researchlnstitute（Otsu，Shiga，Japan）
Kushjro−CiりjoviceSponsors：thelnternationalA＄SOCiationforWaterPo‖u−（Hokkaido，Japan）
Organizers：lLEC，EnvironmentAgencyofJapan，lUCN／

ELC，and Ramsar Center

tionResearchandControl，Societaslnterna−
tionalis Limnologorum，Czecho＄10Vak Lim−no■ogica■Society，andlLEC

Thissymposiumgenera yaimsforbetterunderstand−The scope of this conference is to document theing on wetlands in Asia and the Ramsar Convention
towards the 5th Meeting of the Conference of thequality management over thelast few years・

PrOgTeSSinunderstandingreservoirIimnorogyandwater

Contracting Partiesin Ku＄hiroin1993・
Contact：lLEC Secretariat

CALL FOR ART［CLES
Tho＄eWhowishtocontributetothe］LECNewsletterare

invited to send manuscripts to the secretariatL

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3422Ky（】maChi．Otsu．Shiga5ZO．Japan
TeL：775−25−1076 TIx：5464850ILECJFax：775−23−1581
Cab］e：ILEC OTSU

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