lSSN O912−7410

No．26 0ctober1995

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ノ／∴ノヘ

、

．ヽ ■J什．ヾl∴ r仰エA∬E EⅣW月0Ⅳ〟E〃T CO〟〟JrTEE FO【JⅣβArJOⅣ

ミニエペ；タ′ニ′脚T五月ⅣATJO〃此ノノ−ForBetterLakeManagement−
ThisNelwsletterisalsoava ableinJapanese．

ILEC sNewPermanentHom

ThenewILECandUNEP／lETCBuilding
romhumblebeginnlngSinasmallroomin
thePrefecturalomceofShigaPrefecture，

F

ILEC has moved for the third and final

timetoitspermanenthomeinabrandnewbuild−
1ngbyLakeBiwa，Thebuildingissharedwith
UNEP／ETCShiga，butisadministeredsolelyby
ILEC．

The move was madein March，1995and thebuilding was officially openedbyGovernor
InabaofShigaPrefecture．Althoughthelocation
issomewhatremote，itisneverthelessinbeauti−
fulsurroundings．LakeBiwa，ina11itssplendour
Canbeseenfrommostroomsinthebuilding．
ThebuildingwasdesignedtobeinharmOnyWith
natureandemploysaheatingandcoolingsystemutilislngaradiatingeffect，Withnaturalbreezes
forventilationandplantsforenhancedheatinsu−
1ation．Italsoincludesarainwatercollectionsys−
tem．Thefacilityalsohasllguestroomsandone
meetlng rOOm Whichwillbeusedforvisitlng
traineesandlecturersatthevarioustrainlngSeS−
SionsheldbymEC．
ILECScientific Committeemeeting

T芸
且

1n

1t
Ceremony and Symposium inaugurating thebuildinginJune．Itis hopedthatmany more
SymPOSiumswillbeheldinthebuildinginthe
future，andtheILECSecretariatlooksforwardto
WelcomlngVisitorsandgueststoitsnewomces
fromJapanandindeedallovertheworld．

TH【S ・WaterWars？

r・GEMS／WaterSteeringCommittee
・MissiontoBrazilandVenezuela
・LakesoftheVVorld−IndonesiarsLakes

lSSUE：≡荒宝器：慧Thailand

ILEC Publicationsns●ForthcomingMeetingslN。。mmitte

ILECataTurnlngPoint ●AneditorialfromthenewJLECChairperson−ProfessorJorgensen

A

ILEC sactivitleSare，mOreimportantthanever，A
ttherecentmeetingofILEC sscientificCOmmittee，ProfessorT．KirainR）rmedthe g10balestimationofthepollutionoflakesandreser−

committee that he had decided to retlre aS
Chairperson．ProfessorKlrahasbeenchairpersonof
ILEC sinceitwasfoundedalmosttellyearS agOin
February1986．Hehasthereforebeenthecrucial
factorinallactivitiesTLEChaslaunchedduringthlS

VOirsisdifficult，butthereareclearslgnSthatthe
globallevelofwaterpollutionunfortunatelyhas
increasedduringthelastdecade．Morelakes andreservoirsthaneverareendangeredorthreatened，
Pardcularlyinthethirdworld，Wheretheeconomy
does notallowexpensiverescueoperatlOnS．The
needR）rfurtheractivitiesandinitiativesbyILECare

Period：aSeriesoflakedatabooks，aSeriesofguide−
1inebooks（fivevolumeshavebeenpublished，wim
Obvious．Ishould thereforelike to take new addi−
thesixthdueoutshortly），numerOuSCOurSeSand
t10nalinitia也vesonbehalfofILEC，althoughitwill
WOrkshopsandtheenvironmentaleducatlOnprq】eCt，
bedi］陥Cultduetotheeconomicconstraints．
Whichis activenowin6countries（Argentina，Brazil，Denmark，Ghana，JapanandThailand），tO

mentiononlythemostremarkablemitiatlVeS，Letme
usetheopportunityprovidedbythiseditorialto
thankProfessorKirabral1thework，仇Oughtsand
emotionshe，withallhisheart，hasinvestedinmEC

duringtheperiodfromitsverybeginningin1985／86
totoday．Withoutanenthusiasticachairpersonof
ILEC as Professor Kira，ILEC would not haveattalnedthemanyfhlitfu1resultswithlnenVironmen−
talmanagementoflakesandreservoirs，Iwaselectedthenewchairpers9nattheScientlnCCommltteemeetinginMay，WhlChIappreciatevery
much，aSILEC sactivitieshavealwaysbeencloseto
Theformerandnewchairpersonpresidingovermyheart．Ontheotherhand，Iamalsofu11yaware
thelLECScientificCommitteehe］dinMay，1995．
ofthedi仇CultiestosucceedProfessorKira sexcel−
1entleadershipofILEC sscientlficcommittee・It

Wi11beimpossibleformetoimitatehispersonal（Japanese？）styleofcrea血gafairconsensusamong

themembersofthecommittee．Ihaveprobablytoa
greaterextenttofelyonthemember

sdemocratic

traditlOnandwi11toatt由nres111ts．

ILECisinmanyways ataturnlngpOint・Anew
Chairpersonhastofollowthe氏，OtStePSOfProfessor
Kira，WhichisnotgolngtObeeasy．mEChasmoved

toanewbuildinginKusatsu，Wherethecommittee
meetingwasheldinMay．AcooperatlOnWithanew
UNEPcentreerectedinKusatsuandOsakahasbeen
launched．

ScientificCommittee
MemberChangesShould，however，1iketousethecomingmonths
to discuss withILEC s members whichinitia−
Ⅰ tivesILEC could and should take to attain amore directefFectonthelakesandreservOirsinthe

third world．ShouldILEC，forinstance，COnSider
Offering firstald toendangeredandthreatenedlakes？GoodadvicefromanexperlenCedcommittee
inthe丘rstphaseofanenvlrOnmentalmanagement
plancouldbeverycruCial・Howshouldandcouldit

berealized？nerearemanydecisiveresolutionsto
betakeninthecomlngyearSforthemembersof
mEC，andIfeelcon負dent血atthecomponentmem−

bersoflLECwi11helpmetotaketherightdeci−Sions．

TheSciemificCommitteeMeetingheldinMay，1995approvedsomechangesin
themembershipline−up．AlongwithProfessorKira，ProfessorSalanklOfHungary
andDr．KaulofIndiahavesteppeddownfromtheCommitteeandDr．Straskraba
fromtheCzechRepublic，Dr．ChitalefromIndia，Dr．NakamurafromJapanandDr．Meganck（ex−q炉Cio）fromUNEPhavebecomemembers・ILECwishesthe
departlngmemt）erSWellandthanksthemfortheirdedicationandcommitment totheirworkfortheFoundation，andalsowarmlywelcomesthenewmembers．

ⅥねterⅥねrs？
Water Wars may well sound like some
Hollywoodadventuremovie，butiftheWorld
Bankistobebelieveditistherealityofthetimesthe2LmOuntinvestedinits watersllPplylnthe
wholeofthe1980s，ThecostofcleaningupShanghai s

WaterpOllut10nWaSeStimatedtobesohigh，thatthecity
Choseinsteadtospend＄300mi11ionmovingitsintake

nextcentury・ArecentreportpubllShedbytheBankstates
that800ftheworld scountriesarealreadysuffering some45ki10metreSuPStream・TheBankestlmateSdlat95
percentoftheworld，ssewagegoesstraightintorivers・
watershortagesandthesituationisdestinedtogetworse

d11etOincreasingdemand．
With40percentofdleWOrld，spopulationlivingin250
riverbasinswllicharethewatersoufCeOfmorethanone
COuntry，Shortageswi11exacerbatetensionswherethey
alreadyexist，andcreatethemwheretheydon t・Asfaras
backas1988，thepresentUNSecretary−GeneralBoutros

Boutros，Ghaliassertedthatthenextwarin the Middle
EastwouldbeovertheNile．Hisassertionbecomesalit−tleeasiertounderstandwhenoneconsidersthatthegreat
AfhcanriverflowsthroughsomelOco一ユntriesandyet
Stillsupplies97％ofEgypt swater・Anydevelopments，
1ikeadam，in upstreamcountriessuchasKenya，ItisstatisticslikethoseglVenabovethatleadtheWorld
Banktobelievedlatfuturewarswi11beaboutwater．So
whatsortofsolut10nSdoes也eBankproposetoalleviate

SuChthreats？AmajorthruStOfitslendingpolicyoverthe
nextdecade willbein sanitatlOn and waterschemes．It
wantstoseeatotalofsome＄600billionspentintheseareasoverthesameperlOd．PedlaPSthemostcontrover−
Sialofal1山eBank sproposalsthoughistotreatwateras
an economicproductratherthan ahumanright・It

believesthatpnvateenterprlSeSarebestequlppedtopro−
videthemaximumamountofservicesatthe10WeStCOSt．

TanzaniaorUganda，WOuldhaveseriousreperCuSSions
OnaCOunけylikeEgypt．TheJordanriverbasinisamq）Or
watersourceforthe fourcountnesofLebanon，Israel，
SyrlaandJordan，TheproblemthereisfufdlerCOmPlicat−
edbythefactthat40％ofIsrael spresentwatersllpplylS
fromareasoccupiedafterthe1967war．Itisalsonotsur−
prlSlngtOleamthatwaterisam句OrStumblingblockinthecurrentpeacellegOtiationsbetweentheIsraelisanddlePalestlnians．

However，preCariousthoughthesituatlOnisthere，theMiddleEastandNorth AfricaarenottheonlyreglOnS
Withac11teprOblems．InChinadleWatertableisdropplng
SOmeOnetOtWOmetreSayear，andmanycitiesareshow−

ingthestrainsofhavingtosupplywatertoanincreaslng
POPulation．WesternandsouthernIndiaandsomepartsof
Pakistanarealsofacingproblems．TheBankforecasts
thattheworldwidedemandforwaterwi11doubleevery
21years，widltllereSultlngShortageinsupplyaffecting
everlargernumbersofpeople．

Funtoday，butwhatdotheirfutureshoId？

TllePrOblemdoesnotappear tobeone ofaclimatic

heBank sdetractors，however，Clalmthatitsfocus
istoowesternandtechnologyoriented．nrowing
largeamountsofmoneyattheproblemalonewill
not soIveit，they say．Theproblemhas tobe attacked
fromthebottomup．Investment，theyconcede，insanita

drought，butmorethatofincreaslngdemandfromallsec−

t10nandwaterschemesisimportantandindeedneces−T

tors．AnincreaslngPOpl11ationnotonlyneedswaterto

Sary，forwitho11tCleanwatergoodhealthisnotpossible，drink，butalsowatertogrowcropstofeeditself，andto
andwithoutgoodhealthyolユCannOtfightpoverty．

SupPlytoindustry．Statistics showthatrainfa11stays

However，theseschemesmustbenefitthepoorandnot

muchthes廻neOVerdleyearS，butwiththeworldpopula，
justthehigh−teChpatentholdersofrichwesternCOun−tionsettodoublein40yearSthewaterneededtocover
CrOplandtogrowenougllfoodfortenbillionpeopIeJuSt

tdes．

wi11notbethere．

B11tWhatis an articlelike this doingin theILEC

Newsletter？AsasmallintemationalNGO，ILECisplay−
Thepict11rePalntedby血eWorldBankisshadeddarker ingitspartintryingtoeducateitsaudienceoftheimpor−withreferellCeS tOthelackofsanitat10ninmany ofthe
WOrld spoorercountriesandthereperCuSSionsithason
theireconomies．ArecentcllOleraepidemicinPerlユis

estimatedtohavecostthecountry some＄1billionin
agric111turalexportsandservices−afiguresomethreetanceofwaterresources．ILECisanorganisationthatcan
provideinformationontheenvironmentdstat11SOflakes
and reservoirsarollnd也eworld，andinthefuturehopes

tobea positiontoofferadviceonissuesthatdirectly
affecttheworld slakeandreservoirmanagelnent．

ILECJournal
LakesandReservoirs：ResearchandManagement

A

Safurthermeansofacruevingits（坤JeCtlVeS，

thatthereisaneedforaninternatiollaljoumalin

Englishthatprovidesspecialsupportforthepublica一也OnOfworkbyauthorswhosefirstlanguageisnot
Ofanewjournal，LakesandReservoirs：
ResealThandManagement．Publishedbydleinterna− Englishandwhichoffersinternatldnalexposureto
results of wide applicability.
tionallyrecognizedfirmOfBlackwellScience，head−quarteredinOxford，UK，butwithbrancheswodd−
Thenrstissue，publishedMay1995，Certainlysup−Wide，itisproducedbytheMelbournebranchof
portsILEC s aims．Six papers werepublishedBlackwell s．Its co−editorsin chiefare Professor S．
MatsuiofKyoto，Japan，andProfessorW：D． authoredbyscientistsfromfivecountries（Japan，Brazil，theCzechRepublic，IndiaandAustralia）・
Williams ofAdelaide，Australia，andits executlVe
Tbpicstoveredincludedinteraliaaconsiderationof
edltOdalboardcomprlSeSProfessorsN．B．Ayibotele
theextenttowhichsustainabledevelopmento句ec−
OfGhanaandS．J＠rgensenofDenmark．Allmembers
tiveshadbeenmetinLakeBiwa，theconserva也OnOf
oftheILEC Scientlfic Committee are members offreshwaterresources，andreservoirsystemmanage−
theeditorialboard．
ment∴Riverbasins，freshandsalinelakes，andreseト

ILEChasrecentlysponsoreddlepublicatlOn

ConsistentwiththeaimsofILEC，thejoumalaimsto
PrOmOteenvironmental1ysoundmanagementOfnat−
uralandartificiallakesin accord with sustainablevoirsallreceivedattention．

conservation oflakes andreservoirs to facilitatethe
exchangeofresultsofresearchandinvestlgation，Denmark；andthetoplCSCOVeredincludeinteralia

Despitethedifncultiesoflauncl血gjournalsatpre−

modelsforthemanagementoflakesandreservoirs．

Sent，ILECbelievesthatthereisaneedforaJOurnal
WhlChfocusesuponthekeyquestionofhowbestto
manageandconservelakes andreservoirssustain−
ablywithinaglobalperspective．ILECalsobelieves

Readerswhowishtohavefurtherinformationshould

Thesecondissue，atPreSentinpress，isequallycom−
prehensiveandinternational・Itsauthorsarefrom
developmentpolicies．rrbthatend，thejournalpub−
France，Thalland，Hungary，Italy，Kenya，Brazilan
1ishesinternatlOnalresearchonthemanagementand
rlSkassessmentstrategleSinLakeVictoria，Kenya，仇eeffectsofinsecticidesonfish，andstate−Of一也e−art

write to oneoftheedltOrS OrtOILEC；andauthors
Wishingtosubmitmanuscripts shouldinthefirst
instancesend也esetoILECdirectly．

ThaiEnvironmentalEducationMission

AmissiontoThailandtookplacefrom17−25
June，1995 as part of theILEC
EnvironmentalEducation（EE）Project
Activitiesindeve10PlngCOuntries．Themission
WaSfundedbytheNationalVolunteerFundoftheJapanese Ministry of Posts andTelecornmunications．

Theobjectiveofthemissionwastotakestockof
theEE activities currentlybeinglmplementedin
Thailand．Professor Kawashima of Shiga
UniversltyandMr．TodaoftheILECSecretariat
Were thetwomission members andthey held
meetings with the staff from Chiang Mai
UniversityandSongklaUniversltyCOnCerningthe
EEprq】eCtS．

WherethefollowlngStaffal1contributedtowardsa
SuCCeSSfulcongregation：Dr．Virat，AssociateDean，Faculty ofEducation，Associate Prof．
Sirmsree，AssociateProf．Unchelee，Mr．Prasarn
and others from Chiang MaiUniverslty；and
AssociateProf．Kanok，Ms．PanSonfromSongkla
Universlty．
ThemeetlngSWerelivelyandmissionmembers
Wereabletogetanunderstandingofthepassion
With which the proJeCtis being pursuedin
Thailand．Thetnpwasalsousedtodonate5setsof
simplecolorimeters byILECtolocalschooIs．
Fina11y，members visited an elementary schooI
Class atPrinceRoyal s Collegeandasecondary
schooIclass at ademonstration schoolattachedto

Theirtightschedulepreventedmissionmembers
ChiangMaiUniverslty．ItwasevidentthatThai
fromvisitingSongklaUniverslty，andthereforeal1 Students are as concernedabouttheirenvironment
gatherings wereheld atChiangMaiUniverslty，
astheirJapanesecounterpar（S．

GEMS／WAn．ERSteenngCommitteeMeeti

T

heSteeringCommitteemeetingoftheG10bal
Environment Monitoring System／Water（GEMS／Water）was held at the Federal

COnneCtionwi仇thebienniumactivities，thecomple−

tlOnOftheLakeDatabasedevelopmentonRAI−

SON／GEMS，theofncialdataprocessingsoftwareof
InstituteofHydrologyinKoblenz，Germany，．On23−GEMS／Water，anddemonstratedthedatabasetopar−
ticipantsduringcoffeebreak．Amongthediscussions，
24June1995．ItwasconvenedincoItIunC也OnWith
the GEMS／WaterexpertconsultatlOnOnlandTbased thereweremarketlngGEMS／WatertrainlngCOurSeS
to ADB，SuPpOrtingthereconstruCtlOnOf也ewhole
SOurCeSOfpollution ，andwasdlefirstmeetingheld
monitoringnetworkinIndia，COplngWiththeconse−
intwo yearsasthelastmeetingwasconvenedat
quencesofmaJOrreOrganlSat10nOfUS偲PAandthe
WHO，GenevainJune1993．ThisCommitteeserves

astheprlnCipalcoordlnatlOn，inbrmationexchange
and forward planning mechanism for the

resultantuncertaintyconcernlngfutureAnalytical

GEMS／Water．Morethan25representativesfrom

comesofthe1994／95biennium．

QualityAssufanCe／Controlactivities，POSSibleout−

relevantOrganisations，includingtworepresentatlVeS

um were discussed，andthe GEMS／Water s future

Regardingpossiblefutureactlvitiesinthenextbien−
nlum，theCommtteeagreedamongothersdlatlLEC
Shouldconductthewaterqualityassessmentoflakes
andreservoirsinAsiaandthePacificreglOnS，andGEMSIWatershouldmakeeffortstowidelydlStribr

activities for the next1996／97biemium were thenute the Lake Database on RAISON／GEMS to rele−

fromILEC，attendedthetwo−daymeeting・Inthemeeting，aWiderangeofprogrammesand
actlvitiesoftheGEMS／W加erforthe1994／951bienni−

COnSidered．ILEC

srepresentativesannounced，in VantOrganlSatlOnSanddeveloplngCOuntries・

ILEC／JICAFollow−uPMission
BrazilandVtnezuela

Mission memberswith
ex−1LEC／JICAtrainees

Ofar56traineesfrom26countrieshavepartic−
ipatedin theILEC／JICA Lake Quality
ManagementTralnlngCoursesince1991．The
PurpOSeOfthisfol10W−uPmissionwastoseehow
SOmeOfthesetralneeStaCkletheenvironmentalprob−
1emsintheircountriesafterthetrainlngCOurSe．The
mission visited former traineesin Braziland
VenezuetainJuly，1995andalsosurveyedcurrent

S

WaterPOllutjonprobleInSinthosetwocountries・Missionmembers wereProfessor M．KawashlmaOf

ShlgaUniversity，M．ObaofJICA sOsakaCentre，
andH，YamamotooftheILECSecretariat，Theymet−一−

Thepo utedTieteriver
Werea田Iiatedtowhentheywereon血ecourse，but

OneBraziliantraineehadbecameanuniversitypro−
fessorandoneVenezuelananindependenttechnical
COnSultant．
nemission members also examined the notorious

WaterPOllutionoftheTieteriverinS豆o Paulo，
Brazil，andLakeValenciainVenezuela．Thepollu−
tionwasquiteunbelievable．Ahugeamountofbub−

bleswerenoatingontheTieteriverandblue−green
algaeappearedtocovertheentlreShorelineofLake
V如encia，ItishopedthatthetralneeSWhocometo

3tralneeSinBraziland4inVenezuela．Mostofthese

Japanwi11beabletousetheiracquiredknowledgein
theirhomecountriestohelpalleviatepollutlOnSuCh

trainees stillworkedatthesameorganizationthey

asthatwitnessedinBrazilandVenezuela．

上A堪搭0ダr首gWO尺エD
Indonesia sLakes−WimGiesen，AWB
Largeandancientlakesoftenharbourendemicspecies・ndonesiahasmore tha115，000squarekilometresof
EndemicsoftheMatano−TowutllakesysteminSulawesi，
lakes，COVeringaboutO．25perCentOfthecountry s
forinstance，includemorethan20nsh，12mollqsc早and7
Ⅰ land surface．In allmore than5001akes havebeen
plantspecies．
mapped，butthepaucityofdataisstriking・HydrologlCal
data，forexample，areSCarCe，andinformationonaquatlC

Waterhyacinthmustbeconstantlyharvestedtokeepitswatersclearofthisnoxiousweed・
faunamostlyconsistsoflistsofcommercialspecies，many

Areviewof351argelakesthroughout山earChipelago（WofwhlChhavebeenintroduced．

G如g乃，血（わ〝g∫〜α ∫〝呵Or♪一e∫加′dferJα々g∫ごArevfe仰げC〟rre乃rた〝∂WJg砲e，deveわp仇e乃fpr∂Cg∫∫g∫β乃d伽edf∫・

Thesewatersareunevenlydistributedhroughoutthearch−

MitLInternat．Verein：Limnol．，24：115−128，1994）showsthatmanyhaveundergonema」OrChangesoverthepast
decades，Oftenresultingindegradation，anddevelopment
Plansthreatentodisturb血oserelativelyunaffectedupto

1pe1ago，aSnumerOuSSmalllakesoccurintecto−VOIcani−Cal1yactivereglOnS，Whilerelativelyfewlakesarefound
On Stablelandmassesand山esmal1erislarlds．In termsof

lakesurfacearea，tWO−thifdsofIndonesia spermanent

now．Dams occurin one third ofalllakes andhavebeeIllakeareaisfoundinSumatraarLdSulawesi．Thelargest

plamndねratleastano山erfive・Majorchanges，uSuallypermanentlakeisLakeToba，Sumatra，Whichmeasures Widespreaddeforestationorconversionofforests，havel12，970hectares；fl00dplainlakesystemsareregulafly occurredin the watersheds ofatleast olle−third ofthe
evenlarger，andthoseoftheOgan−KomeringinSouth lakes，andhaveledtoslgnificaJltChangesinlakehydrolo−
Sumatrareportedly亨eaSOnallyattainasizeofover gy．InmanylnStanCeSthishasalsoledtosillation，Which
200，000hectares，Indonesia sdeepestlakeisLakehasbecomeasignincantprobleminatleastaquarterof
alllakes．
Matano，Sulawesi，Whichreachesadepthof600metres；it

isthedeepestlakeinSoutheastAsiaaJldtheeighthdeep−n141akes notlCeablechangeshaveoccurredinlake
floraandvegetatioIl，andin ninecasesthishasbeen
is greaterthan55percentofthetotal．Lesscommon，Ⅰ Slgnificant．Forinstance，Clearing andburnlngOr
estlakein the world．Tecto−VOIcaniclakes dominateiIl

termSOfnumbers，buttheareacoveredbyflpodplainlakes

thoughwellrepresentedlakestypesaredystrophiclakesin

SWamPforesthasremovedmostofthisonglnalvegetation

Peatdomeareas（especia11yinRlauProvince，S11matra）， OftheMahakamandOgan−Komeringlakes，andsimilaralldsolutionlakesinkarstregions（especiallyJavaand
IrianJaya）．

ClearlnglSOngOlngattheSiakKecillakes．Forlllakesno
informationisavai1able．ExotlCplantsareknowntohave

been（unwit【ingly）introducedin201akes，Or77percentof

FloodplainlakessuchasthoseoftheOgan−Komerlng

those sites for whichinformationis available．ln40％of（Sumatra），UpperKapuas（Kalimantan）andLakeTempe（Sulawesi）formthebasisofveryimportantfisheries，

becomeaslgnificantproblem．ThemostcommonlylntrO−

WhlChinthecaseofLakeTempeareatleastasproductive

thecaseswithintroducedspecies，Weedinfestatiollhas
d11Cedexoticweedsthatsignificantlyaffectlakeecology

asa∫tincialflShponds．TectonicandvoIcaniclakessuchas are且よcJi加）rJlgdCrα∫∫fクビ∫（Waterhyacinth），鮎山加血椚OJg∫Jα（KaribaWeed）and〟〜肌0∫dクggr（7L．（GiantToba（Sumatra），Kelimutu（F10reS）andBatur（Bali）are
popula∫tOuristdestinations，andlakewaterresourcesare Mimosa）．Waterhyacin血andKanbaWeedshadeoutsub−
mergedvegetatiorl，depleteoxygenlevels and compete
importantforpotablewater，irrigationandhydfOpOWer・

WithindigenousplantspeCies，WhileGiantMimosacreates
impenetrablemickets．

eTIVironmentalproblemsmaybringnewdilemmas．For
instance，desktopsolutionstosiltationproblemsgenerally

invoIvehigh−teChenglneerlngWOrk，ando氏enconcentratenthecaseoffish，introductionofexotlCSpeCieshas
OnlymafgiIla11y ondeforestatioIl，Whichisalmostalways
bee11eVen mOregeIleralaphenomenon，aSthishas
山erootof血eproblem．
Ⅰ OCCurredin251akes，Or90％ofalldocumentedlakes．
FishintroductlOnhasbeenapartof血eprogrammeofthe
O preVent furtherloss oflakeresources，their
IndoIleSianFisheriesServiceatleastsincethe1920s，andimportanceto fisheries，tOurism，bio−diverslty andhas greatlyboostedfisherieg、prOductionin somelakes，
assourcesofpotableandirrigatiorlWaterShouldbe

SuChasLakeTempe．Initia11ydlemainintroducedspeCies

T

morewidelyrecognized，and takenintocollSideratioll

Were CbrinuscalPio（CommonCarp），Helostomatem一

WhendesignlngdeveloplngPrO」eCtS．Lakeresourcesare

肌血勃（ananaba出1d），タ〟乃血∫gO乃わ乃0れば（SilverCa叩）

recognizedbyindividualdepartmentsandothergovern−
mentbodies，butanoverviewoftheseassetsisapparently
lostinreglOnalplannlngPrOCeSSeS，Wheredecisionsoften

andTrichogasterpectoraLis（ananabantid）whileinthe
lasttwodecadestllapia（01YOChromismossambicusandO．
niLoticus）havebecomemorepopular．Thispolicyhas reflectthecurrentlimitations，Ofcross−SeCtOralplanning．

ュ1∋0●lRIAH

950

10dD

1．L．Laut Tavar
2． L．でOba
3．Slak Keclllakes
4・09a】1−Ⅹ0Ⅰ¶erln91akes
5・も．Hanln］au
6．L．Slnすkarak
7．L．Dlatas
8．L．Dibavah
9．L．Xerlnci

lO50

11♂

1150

10．L．Ranau
11. Upper Kapuas lakes
12. Bangkau ?akes
13．MlddleIlahakamlakes
14．1．Rava
lら・L．penln916・L．La¶On9ar1
17．L．でOndarl0
18．も．Limboto

1200

1250

1300

19．L．poso
20．⊥∴Llnd11
21．Tempelakes
22．Hatano−でOWuti lakes
23．L．Rawa Åopa
24．L．Batur
25．1．Bllyan
26．L．Bratan

1350

14♂

28．L∴Kelimutu
29．L．Surube1
30．L．5色ntan1
31．Enarotalilakes
32．Ayamarulakes
33．Ån9gilakes〕4．L．JaThur
35．でrltonlakes

27．L．Se9ara−anak

MajorlndonesianLakes
resultedinthepossibleextlnC［ionofanumberofendemic
BaselineinventoriesandecologlCalstudiesarerequiredso
nshspeciesirlLakePosoandLakeLindu，andwi11soon
thatdataissufficientlyavailableto assessthereg10nal
Perhapshavesimilareffectsin theMatano−Towutilake豆． importanceoflakesandtheirbiota，andprovidesome
OverfishingissignificantinaquaTterOfthedocumented
framework forEIAs．Long−termmOnitoring studies
lakes，andhasresultedinadeclineofproductionandpos−

Sible10Calextinctionofeconomicallyimportantspecies．
ThelatterhasbeendocumentedfortheOgan，KomeringlakesiilSouthSumatra，theUpperKapuaslakesinWest

Shouldbeinitiated，eSpeCiallyineconomicallyorscientif−
icallymoreimportantlakes．Simultaneously，datashould

beevaluated，andaNationalStrategyforawiseuseof

Indonesia slakesandlakeresourcesformulated，iI10rder
KalimaIltan，theBangkaulakesinSouthKalimantan，and
tocurbfurtherlossofnaturalassets．ThisStra［egyshould

forthevaluableornamentalspeciesScleTPPageSPrmosus，
theAsianBonytongueorAsianArowana．
Environmenta11egislationhasmademuchprogress，but
awaitseffectiveimplementation．Damsareconstructed
before athorough，unbiased assessmeIltismadeoftheir

belinkedtotheNationalWetlandPolicythatiscurrently
being formulatedby theNationalWetland Committee．
This Committee，Which was establishedin1994，is

ChairedbytheMinistryoftheEnvirollmentandillCludes
representativesfrom仕IeDepartmentofPublicWorks，theFisheries Department，and theDirectorate Generalof

environmentalimpact（i．e．LakesRanan andMatano），
ForestProtection andNatureConservation．Alleyesare
Whilepollution abatementis only also s10Wlybeing
nowon血eWetlandCommittee，anditswi11ingnessand
enforced，andoftenonlytheeasytargets（sma11compa−
abilitytoturnthetideoflakedegradation．
nies）aretackled．Solutionsconsideredformitigating

Compact・SizeEdition：DataBookofWorldLakc
Environments・ASllrVeyOftheStateofWorIdLakes・
ヱ．ArricaandEurope

Expert5 MeetingomIn伽rmationSystemson
Environmentally Sound Tefhnologies

Date：9−110ctober，1995
ThesecondinthecompacトSizeeditionoftheDataBook
Location：Paris，France
OfWorldLakewaspublishedinMarch，1995．ThisseriesCoIIVener：UNEP

isare−COmpilationofdatafromtheprecedingnvevolumes
oftheDataBookofWorldLakesEnvironments（1988−
1993）intothreevolumesonaregionalbasis．

Althoughthiscompactversionserieshasbeenphotograph−
icallyreproduced▼from山eoriginalDataBook，manyerrOrS

anddefectsintheoriginalhavebeencorrected．ILEChas
COmputerisedthemalndatafor2171akesandreservoirs
COmpiledintheDataBookandthiswi11beavailableinthe
nearfutureinCD−ROMformat．Ademonstrationversion

wi11beonshowatthe6thWorldLakeConferellCein
Kasumlgaura．
The山irdandfiIlalvolumeinthisseriescoveringNorth

alldSouthAmericanlakesisscheduledforreleasein1996．
LakeBiwaandItsEnvironment−Sub・teXtbookfor

FordetailscontactDr．HabibEl−Habr，ActillgDeputy
Director，UNEP／忙TCShigaOffice，Kusatsu，Shiga，Japall．
6thInternationalConferenceontheConservationand
ManagementofLakes，Kasumgauraり5
Date：23−270ctober，1995
LocatlOn：Iba∫akl，Japan

CorlVener：IbarakiPrefecturalGoverllmelltandILEC
ForreglStrationalldotherillformationpleasecolltaCt山eSecretariatatthefollowingaddress：
1−5−38Sannomam
Mito，Ibaraki310，Japan．

EnYirollm（∋nblRdⅦCation

Thisbookis血eEnglishversionoftheJapanesesubrtext−
book AoiBiwako forJuniorhighschoolenvironmental
educationinShiga．Thesub］eCtSdealtwithin山ebook

SixthInternationalSymposi11mOnSocietyand
ResourceManagement：Ca11hrPapers

illCludethenaturealldhistoryofShigaprefecture，Wildlife Date：18−23May，199（）
Locatio11：PennsylvaniaStateUniversity，USAinthepfefecturealldtheAquaticE11VironmentillLake

Convener：DepartmelltOfAgriculturalEconomicsand
Rural Sociology et al

Biwa．

Thebookwaswritter）bymanyjulliorhighschoolteachers
whohavebeellenga畠edinenvironmentaleducatiollill

ShigaformorethanlOyearS．Itaimstohelpstudentslearn
abouttheirenvironrnentandtoheightenconcernaboutthis
mos【importantsu叫e∝．

Forinformationonbothbooks，Pleasecontactthe
ILECSt！Crebriat．

Thosewishingtopresentpapersattheconferenceshould
COntaCtA．E．Luloffatthefollowlrlgaddress：
DepartmentofAgricuhlralEconomicsandRural
Sociology，
ThePerlnSylvaniaStateUniversity，PAl（5802，USA

ノⅣm7了0ⅣAヱ．上A互E且Ⅳγ〃〜皿EⅣr CO舶WrrEEダ0亡爪仇4W
1091．0r【〉5himo−CIl0．Kus815uCity．Shig皿 525、J8p8n
Tel：÷Bl775684567．F8X：＋8ト775−6g−4568

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