ROADMAPTOWARD EFFECTIVE FLOOD HAZARD MAPPINGIN INDONESIA
JICA Regional Training Course on Flood Hazard Mapping
31 October - 3 December 2005

JICA - Tsukuba International Center
Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki

JAPAN

Prepared by: Thomas Firdaus Larosa
Water Resources Engineer
Research Institute for Water Resources Development

Indonesia

Concluding Report – Roadmap Toward Effective Flood Hazard Mapping in Indonesia

CONTENTI

THE ROLE OF FHM TO MITIGATE FLOOD DAMAGE .................................. 1
I.1
Present Flood ........................................................................................... 1
I.2
Mitigation Flood ........................................................................................ 3
I.3
Useful of Flood Hazard Map (FHM).......................................................... 4

II THE ALLOCATION OF ROLES IN MAKING FLOOD HAZARD MAPS IN
INDONESIA............................................................................................................ 6
II.1
Organization for Making Fundamental FHM............................................. 6
II.2
Disseminating of Flood Hazard Maps....................................................... 8III

ACTION PLAN OF MAKING FLOOD HAZARD MAPS (FHM) ........................ 9
III.1 Target Basin area..................................................................................... 9III.2 Propose next five years.......................................................................... 11
III.3 Problem in propose FHM ....................................................................... 11IV

SUGGESTIONS FOR TRAINING COURSE MORE MEANINGFUL ............. 12V

OTHERS ................................. エラー! ブックマークが定義されていません。

Thomas Firdaus Larosa- IndonesiaiConcluding Report – Roadmap Toward Effective Flood Hazard Mapping in Indonesia

CONCLUDING REPORTROADMAP TOWARD EFFECTIVE FLOOD HAZARD MAPPING (FHM)

IN INDONESIANameCountry
E-mailI: Thomas Firdaus Larosa: Indonesia: daus@soon.com

THE ROLE OF FHM TO MITIGATE FLOOD DAMAGE

I.1 Present Flood
The most severe climate-related natural disaster in Indonesia are monsoon flood,
flash flood and debris flood. These flood are common hydrological phenomena inIndonesia. Flash flood from intense thunderstorms are becoming very common
phenomena, especially in urban area like Jakarta province. Figure 1 shows thelocation of annual inundation, limited only on flood location occur without inundation
area.
Table 1. Flood type in Indonesia
Flood TypeFlash flood“banjir
bandang”

Monsoonflood“Banjir
musiman”

Location

River

Time

Nias island

Masio

Feb,
2001

z Radial river basin typez Small tributary outlet

z 325 house felt downz 121 death

Medan

Bahorok2003

z (Leuser mountain) Deforestationz Hard rainfall on upstreamz 67 death (3 foreign)

East Java,
Pacet, Mjokerto

Brantastributary

Dec,
2002

z Deforestationz 26 deathz Leisure area broken

JakartaCiliwung,
etc

annualCause of floodz Inland areaz Tide + water from upstreamz Land use change (retard flood area)z Poor drainage systemz Garbagez Inland areaz Tide (rob) + water from upstreamz Land use change (retard flood area)z Poor drainage systemz Garbagez Earth quake in deep Indonesian
ocean

SemarangannualTsunami flood

Aceh & Nias
Flores2005

Debris flood“Banjir lahar
dingin”

Yogyakarta

Progo,Opak,Oyoz Merapi mountainz Debris volcano

West Java

Citanduyz Galunggung mountainz Debris volcano

Thomas Firdaus Larosa- Indonesia

Damagez 170 locationz Jump trafficz Stop school activity

z 200 000 deathz 2 100 deathz Aggradations river
mouth

1

Thomas Firdaus Larosa- Indonesia

NO

INUNDATION AREA

JAKARTA SELATAN

S1 Kp. Cirende
S2 Jl. Ring Rd. Sport Club CLDKS3 Gandaria Selatan
S4 Gandaria BDN Cilandak
S5 Pondok Labu
S6 Seskopol / Depdagri
S7 IKPN Bintaro
S8 Kp. Ulujami
S9 Sangola Indah
S10 Pesanggrahan
S11 Petukangan Utara
S12 Kp. Pondok Pinang
S13 Kp. Dukuh
S14 Jl. Cileduk Raya
S15 Kp. Cipulir
S16 Kemandoran Pluit
S17 Grogol Selatan
S19 Kp. Pertamina Pasar Minggu
S20 Kplx. Polri Pasar Minggu
S21 Jati Padang
S22 Ragunan
S23 Cilandak Timur
S24 Kp. Petogogan
S25 Gandaria Utara
S26 Hang Jabat
S27 Hang Lekir
S28 Kramat Pela
S29 Cipete
S30 Gunung
S31 Melawai
S32 Rawa Barat
S33 Tebet
S34 Kebon Baru
S35 Bukit Duri Tanjakan
S36 Manggarai Selatan
S37 Kp. Melayu Kecil
S38 Menteng Dalam
S39 Kplx. Polri Pondok KaryaS40 Pulo Raya Tarakanita
S41 Kuningan Barat
S42 Bangka and Kumang
S43 Mampang Prapatan
S44 Setia Budi Barat
S45 Guntur Kawi-kawi
S46 Menteng Atas
S47 Karet Kuningan
S48 Kuningan Timur
S49 Duren Tiga
S50 Pengadegan
S51 Kalibata
S52 Tanjung Barat
S53 Lenteng Agung

NO
T1
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
T8
T9
T10
T11
T12
T13
T14
T15
T16
T17
T19
T20
T21
T22
T23
T25
T26
T27
T32
T33
T34
T36
T37

INUNDATION AREA

JAKARTA PUSAT

Figure 1. Location of inundations area in Jakarta urban City

INUNDATION AREA
Cipinang Rumbatan
Kp. Makasar
Kp. Kebon Pala
Cipinang Melayu
Sunter Halim Perdana Kusuma
Cawan Dewi Sartika
Bidara Cina
Kp. Melayu
CondetKramat Jati
Kebon Nanas
Cipinang Besar
Cipinang Muara
Kp. Sodong
Kebon Pala Jatinegara
Rawa Bunga
Kplx. Palad
Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan
Perum HI Kelapa Gading Utara
Jatinegara Kaum
Kayu Putih
Cipinang Jagal
Pisangan Timur
Utan Kayu
Duren Sawit
Klender
Pondok Bambu
Penggilingan
Pulau Gebang

JAKARTA TIMUR

P1 Petamburan + Bend. Hilir
P2 Jl. Bendungan Hilir
P4 Jl. Sabang / Agus Salim
P6 Serdang Timur
P7 Jl. Industri
P8 Jl. Angkasa / Bungur
P9 Rajawali Selatan
P1 2 Jl. Pangeran Jayakarta
P1 3 Mannga Dua Abdad
P1 4 Dwi WarnaP1 5 Jl. Batu Tuka / Juanda III
P1 6 Jl. Batu Ceper
P1 7 Duri Pulo
P1 8 Petojo Enclek
P1 9 Kebon Kelapa

NO

INUNDATION AREA

JAKARTA UTARA

Inundation Area (m )2250.000 m2 > A >= 10 .000 m
and 0.50 m > D >= 0.20 m
Inundation Depth (m)INUNDATION AREA

JAKARTA BARATB1 Pal Merah
B2 Jelambar Ilir
B3 Kplx. Wali Kota Jkt. Barat
B4 Pondok Bandung
B6 Poglar
B7 Jl. Kapuk Raya
B8
Duri Kosambi / Boyong
B9 Batu Sari
B10 Kelapa Dua / HUBAD
B11 Maruya Ilir
B12 Basmoi
B14 Komp. DPR Kebon Jeruk
B15 Pos Pengumben
B18 Taman Kota
B19 Budi Mulya
B20 Maruya Udik
B21 Kembangan
B22 Jl. Jembatan Batu Pinangsit
B23 Kali Beton
B24 Mangga Besar I
B25 Mangga Besar IV
B26 Kalideres
B27 Kamal
B28 Pegadungan
B29 Semanan
B30 Tegal Alur
B31 Jati Pulo
B32 Jembatan Besi
B33 Krendang
B34 Jembatan LamaNO

U1 Teluk Gong
U2 Bundaran Pluit
U3 Kapuk Muara
U4 Jembatan II & III Binok
U5 Kp. Pademangan Timur
U6 Pademangan Barat
U7 Kelapa Gading Vespa
U8 Perum Wali Kota Jkt. Utara
U9 Kplx. A. L. Kodamar
U10 Perum H. I. Kelapa Gading
U11 Kplx. Dewa Ruci
U12 Kali Baru Tanah Merdeka
U13 Kp. Malaka
U15 Kp. Rawa Badak
U16 Kp. Tugu Utara
U17 Jl. Donggala
U18 Lagoa
U19 Kp. Kebon Bawang
U20 Sungai Bambu
U21 Kp. Warakas
U22 Kp. Papangga
U23 Jl. R. E. Martadinata
U24 (Sunter Jaya) / Muara Bahan
U25 Jl. Yos Sudarso / dealer Honda
U26 Podomoro Sunter A
U27 Kp. Bahan

NO

A

D

2

2
100.000 m2 > A >= 5 0.00 0 m
and 10 m > D >= 0.50 m

A>= 100.000 m or D >= 10 mLEGEND

Concluding Report – Roadmap Toward Effective Flood Hazard Mapping in Indonesia

2Concluding Report – Roadmap Toward Effective Flood Hazard Mapping in Indonesia

I.2 Mitigation Flood
Since flood management and flood fighting should be provided on thecomprehensive and holistic work, it should be achieve technical and non technicalmeasures.
a. Technical Measures
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Multi purpose Reservoir
River embankments (“dyke” as not a long the river, part of branch thatflood occur).
River Normalization (improvement/restoration).
Short Cut.
Sabo Dam.
Drainage system, Flap gate & pump (garbage problem)
Retention Reservoir (kolam penahan air sementara)b. Non Technical Measures
•
•
•
•
•

Triangulations Point that sound return period of flood (Peil Banjir).
Garbage management (periodically).
Clean side ditch (“kerja bakti’)
Making PRE-Flood Hazard Maps
Elevate house (Living harmony with flood)
Table 2. Structural and non structural measures activities sharing• Observation and data collection• Flood forecasting and warning
system• Organization of rescue teams• Emergency drainage pump
• Resettlement to safe area-social
problem• Elevate housing land-harmony flood• Zoning flood prone area
• Drainage pump
• Ring levee (seldom)• Understanding among stakeholdersof flood control project (sometime)• Planning & flood control project• River improvement works (dredging
and widening channel, diversion
channel)• Levee construction and rising levee• Flood control dams and reservoir

Thomas Firdaus Larosa- Indonesia

Emergency Response• Pre Flood hazard mapping (case)• Organization flood fighting corps• Assign higher elevation forevacuation (not building)• Cooperation with rescue volunteers

Crisis Management (Re-active Response)• Collection of flood information• Rising household goods• Self initiated evacuation• Dissemination of flood
information/enquire on safety
condition• Flood fighting• Assign provide emergency
applicants (boat)• Supply real time flood information
and warning (case)• Evacuation order and evacuation
directives (event)• Rescue activities• Emergency flood control works• Removal of mud garbage• Reconstruction and restoration ofhouse• Collecting and distributing relief fund
• Draw and report lessons from thedisaster

Rehabilitation Restoration

Damage Reduction

Risk Management (Pro-active Response)• Flood insurance• Flood proofing

Risk Reduction

Damage Deterrence

Damage Mitigation

Action• Inspection and study of the cause ofdamage• Epidemic prevention• Restoration of attacked facilities• Rank up of flood control plan3

Concluding Report – Roadmap Toward Effective Flood Hazard Mapping in Indonesia

I.3 Useful of Flood Hazard Map (FHM)
Table 3. Use of Flood Hazard Maps
Category
Everydaylife

Emergency
situations

Local Resident• Consider proper land use patterns andwater resistant buildings suited to theflood vulnerability of the area
• Prepare emergency kits, emergency
food, etc
• Prepare boats and other appropriate
means of evacuation• Identify proper communication
channels and systems for information
on evacuation• Organize voluntary disaster preventionunits• Learn about past inundation history
and risk of inundation of the local area
• Organize educational sessions on
potential flood damage, preparedness
and evacuation• Confirm proper refuges, evacuationroutes, emergency kits, etc• Evacuate independently, following
weather forecast, flood related
information, emergency warnings, etc• Assist in evacuation of thosevulnerable to floods• Evacuate to proper refuges throughsafe routes, following advisory andimperative evacuation warnings

Local Municipalities/Government• Review urban planning and land use
patterns that are resistant to flood• Updated disaster prevention andflood fighting plans of the area
• Review refuges and evacuationroutes• Updated specific assistance plan toevacuate or rescue the vulnerable(elderly, handicapped, sick, injured,etc)• Updated communication channels
and systems for information on
evacuation• Develop voluntary disasterprevention units• Promote education on disasterprevention and conduct evacuation
practice drills• Publicize importance of disasterprevention and preparedness• Identify flooded areas, inundation
depth, location of refuges, andevacuation routes• Provide information on weather
forecast and flood forecast• Support and rescue those vulnerable
to floods• Provide continuous flood related
information on evacuation• Set up refuges• Issue advisory and imperative
evacuation warnings• Direct evacuation

The information incorporated in flood hazard maps shall be those items that arepractical and useful in the event of flooding, ensuring the safety and proper
evacuation of local residents. Items such as predicted inundation areas and locationof refuges, are terms “Evacuation use Information”, and items that will be helpful ineveryday life, by notifying the residents of potential flood damage and enhancing
their awareness of the importance of flood disaster preparedness, are termed“Educational use Information”.
To make efficient use of flood hazard maps, local residents must be thoroughly
convinced of the real danger of flooding. The indispensable information on
evacuation and, accordingly, the evacuation use information, shall be incorporated in
the hazard maps. Educational-use information shall be appropriately incorporated orThomas Firdaus Larosa- Indonesia

4Concluding Report – Roadmap Toward Effective Flood Hazard Mapping in Indonesia

not, depending on the purpose of preparing the flood hazard maps in the respective
municipalities.
Table 4. Key items to be corporated in Flood Hazard Map
Evacuation use Information• Predicted inundation area, inundation depth,
flood concentration time
• Historical inundation records• Areas to be evacuated (where inundated andhigh land)• Location of evacuation refuges (high area)• Evacuation routes (nearest high area toevacuate)• Dangerous spot on evacuation routes• Rules to follow in the event of evacuation• Communication channels and systems for
information on evacuation• Issuance criteria for evacuation warnings• Map preparing body, date of preparation

Thomas Firdaus Larosa- Indonesia

Educational use Information• Flooding mechanism• Topographic features, flood types• Real danger of flood, predicted extent ofdamage• Meteorological information• Past flood records (rainfall, inundation anddamage)• Rules to follow in the event of flood• Explanation and directions to use-up flood
hazard maps
• Preparedness against flood

5Concluding Report – Roadmap Toward Effective Flood Hazard Mapping in Indonesia

II THE ALLOCATION OF ROLES IN MAKING FLOOD HAZARD
MAPS IN INDONESIA
II.1 Organization for Making Fundamental FHM
The responsibility for making FHM are lay on the people who fell warn of the flood,
Flood not became a problem if it is occur on land where there is not a human life.
Since flood “disturb” human life, so that we try to avoid flood, include level ofinundation just 10 cm. But sometime or many time we disturb swam pond or flood
retention area for resident/household.
There are some stakeholder who have link to government policy :a. Central = National = Pusat
b. Prefecture = Province/Governor = Propinsi/Gubernurc. Local Government = Municipality = Kabupaten/Bupati

Role sharing

A
B
River CRiver D
Sea
Administrative area

River

Shore line

Figure 1. Illustrated river management
The cases in Indonesia about role sharing to manage some river that it cross over
the administrative boundary area, the river managed by one level above ofgovernment, , if it is cross two or more the border line administrative area. If it crossprovince boundary area the river managed by central government and If it cross local
government boundary area the river managed by province government.

Thomas Firdaus Larosa- Indonesia

6Concluding Report – Roadmap Toward Effective Flood Hazard Mapping in Indonesia

Central Government
Central government has ministry who responsible to flood damage. Since flood
damage influence many aspect, there are several ministry involve in flood
management activities.
Such as Ministry of Public Works, Where I have been work, has several division.
Who concern to flood such as Directorate of Water Resources.
The river which it is manage under central government would be handled case bycase as project work such as Ciliwung-Cisadane River Basin Project, CitanduyCiwulan River Basin Project and Bengawan Solo River Basin Project, etc.
Making Flood hazard maps in Indonesia depending on Table 4 should be provided byproject work, such as :Table 5. Stakeholder should be work together for making FHM
Data type / items

Analysis work

Rainfall(meteorologicalinformation)
Land use cover
Relief contour
Soil type
Predicted flood
Flood mechanism
Flood type
Inundated simulation &predicted
Historicalinundatedrecords
Area to be
evacuated
Location of
refuge• legal law aspect of thelocation• Location capability• Evacuation routes• Traffic routes supplies

Explanation & direction
to use-up FHMDangerous spoton evacuationroute
Flood warning system
Order toevacuated• Flood warning sign
• Evacuation

Thomas Firdaus Larosa- Indonesia

Ministry (national)

Dinas (local)

Individual/
privateBMG

BMG daerah

Bakosurtanal

Pemetaan & survai

Soil research
agencyPU-DGWRD
PU-DGWRD
PU-DGWRD

Balai-Local Gov.
Balai-Local Gov.
Balai-Local Gov.

PU-DGWRD

Balai-Local Gov.

Inner Gov. & PU

Dinas inner Gov.

Yes

Inner Gov. & PU

Local inner & PUbalai

Yes

Inner minister
PU

Local inner Gov.
Local

Yes

Inner Gov. & PU

Local Gov.

Yes

Inner Gov.

Local Gov.

Yes

PU-DGWRD• PU-DGWRD• Rescue fire,
Soldier,
Volunteers

Balai-Local Gov.

Social,Transportation(BMG), Inner
Gov., PU
(DGWRD)• Balai-Local Gov.
• Inner local Gov.

Yes

7

Concluding Report – Roadmap Toward Effective Flood Hazard Mapping in Indonesia

Local Government
Local government (prefecture or municipalities) has division who they work as longarms of central government. It is called “Dinas”, since reform political situation, itchange in many name, such as “Dinas pengairan” always work together on river
basin project work (see Table 5).

II.2 Disseminating of Flood Hazard Maps
My office has been made leaflet that it is inform how to escape from flood andearthquake. Disseminating and distribution the information needs more works.
Information on the leaflet is limited since many data should be provided.
Disseminating should be provided by everyone who has warned to the flood. Firstly
it is provided by central government. Method of disseminating by using radio or TV
as educational information.

Thomas Firdaus Larosa- Indonesia

8Concluding Report – Roadmap Toward Effective Flood Hazard Mapping in Indonesia

III ACTION PLAN OF MAKING FLOOD HAZARD MAPS (FHM)
III.1 Target Basin area
Jakarta province is my target for making FHM, but I am employer of government andno promise to JICA, since there are many considerations for selected river basin,such as political condition, etc. My selected area depend on available data, such as
rainfall data (1916 – 2004 publish), discharge, relief contour (Digital Terrain Module),
climatologically data, land use cover.
Fulfill the request action plan FHM, supported only for Jati Pinggir (Central Jakarta)
area, since on that area I have data on my hand for making pre-FHM.

Figure 2. Target area for action plan Flood Hazard Map

Thomas Firdaus Larosa- Indonesia

9Concluding Report – Roadmap Toward Effective Flood Hazard Mapping in Indonesia

8

5

5
9.

6.5

5

5

11

48

8

5

9. 5

8
6 .5

11

5

9.5

5

5

9 .5

6 .5
8

47

9.5

11

47.2

48.2

Figure 3. Relief contour line, on Jati Pinggir area
Thomas Firdaus Larosa- Indonesia

10Concluding Report – Roadmap Toward Effective Flood Hazard Mapping in Indonesia

III.2 Propose next five years
Proposed on making flood hazard maps for next five year ahead is Jakarta Province,
since there are 13 river basin enter to Jakarta province boundary and much effort todefine loss of flood damage.

III.3 Problem in propose FHM
The problem for making FHM such as updated topographic map/relief contour
include in detail scale map, may be on budget, as this project just in my head plan.

Thomas Firdaus Larosa- Indonesia

11Concluding Report – Roadmap Toward Effective Flood Hazard Mapping in Indonesia

IV SUGGESTIONS FOR TRAINING COURSE MORE MEANINGFULAll lecturer designed for this course were useful, some of them have provided in termof materials, process, concept, theory, and practical, especially on exercise in thegroup field survey for making the hazard maps ISE City with group presentation on
the Town Watching.
The field survey is more importance, because of the real situation found could becomparing to lecture.
Flood management in Japan is very importance for expertise. The significance ofhydrological statistics, flood inundation analysis, calculation of residents evacuation,
runoff flood analysis and anticipation of inundation area are key functional of flood
hazard map drawing and establishment.
Tryout when making pre-FHM after town watching more useful if we work together
with resident people by using PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISSAL). We can get
information directly about inundation area, vest life and traffic refuge routes need.

Thomas Firdaus Larosa- Indonesia

12