lSSN O912−7410

No．24July1994

け．ヾ′．■J′■ ′＝ごり
JⅣTE属〃ATJO〃Aエ エd∬E gⅣ附属0〃〟EⅣT CO〟〃JTTEE FOUⅣかATJOⅣ−ForBetterLake Management−
TMsNewsletterisalsoavaiFableinJapanese．

Of）且Ⅳ」仇rGOF亡／ⅣgP／Jg7「CAr（ist■sImpressionofUNEP／lETCShigaOffice

UNEP／．ETCOsakaOffice

TheofficialopenlllgCeremOnyOftheUNEP
IpternationalEnvironmentalTechnology Centre

Prefecture∴Mr．Takada，MayorofKusatsuCity∴Mr・
Nishio，MayorofOsakaCity，andrepresentativesof（UNEP／IETC）washeldatOsakaGuestHousein
TstmmiTyOkllChi，Osakaon8Apri11994・Theceremony

EmbassiestoJapan．
Ms．Dowdeswellstartedherspeechwitha
SPeCialtnbutetotheGovemmentofJapan，theShigaand

was heldtocommemorate theCentre，the firstUNorganizationinwestemJapan，COmlngintofu1loperation

OsakaPTe飴cturalGovernments，andOsakaMunicip山

withtheappolntmentOfCentresta∬打omthatday，The

Govemmentfortheireffortsdevotedtotheinstitution of

OsakaGuestHo11Seislocatednextto血eCenけe

theCentreinJapan・Sheemphasizedtheimportanceof
Japan s future roleininternationalendeavotlrSsOs血

0餓α，弧dsome000即eSt5舟omboth血epdvatemd

Publicsectorgatheredtherefortheceremonywhich
Startedatllinthemoming．Theceremonywasopened

concernlngglobalenvironmentissuesandtransferof

withaspeechbyMs・Dowdeswell，theExecutiv

economicsintranSition，StreSSlngthattheCentrewas
foundedinthiscontexttopromotethetTanSferof

DirectorofUNEP，fo1lowedbymessagesofgreetlngS
fromMr．Yamamoto，ParliamentaryVice−Ministerofthe
EnvironmentAgency，andMr・Akao，Ambassadorin

ChargeofEnvironmentalAffairs，repreSentingthe
EnvironmentAgencyandMinistryofForeignAffairs

technologleStOdeveloplngCOun扇esandcoun扇eswith

environmentallysoundtechnologleS・Shewentonto

mention thatthe activities ofthe Centre wouldbe
devotedtoenvironmental1ysustainablemanagementof
bigcitiesand丘esh−Watモーlake／reservoirbasins，and

respectively・InadditiontoMs・DowdeswellotherUNEP

statedthattheCentrewillcloselycollaboratewith

represemtativespresentattheceremonyincludedMr・

HABITAT，tWOSuPPOrtingfbundationsinJapan（ILEC

Meganck，DirectorofUNEPRegionalOf6ceforAsia

and The Global Environment Centre Foundation in

Osaka）aswellasUNDP，theWorldBank，theUNandthePacinc，Mr．Trindade，SPeCialRepresentativeto
Secretariat，andotherinternationalorganizations・She
UNEPExecutiveDirectorandLeaderofthestaLfteamof
UNEP／IETC，andMr．Matsumura，SeniorLiaison
OfficerofUNEP／lETC．Otherdistinguishedguests
included Mr．Yamada，Vice Governor of Shiga

closedherspeechbyca11ingonJapaneseguestsand
representativesofembassiestoJapanforfurthersupport
toandparticIPationintheCentre sactivities・ん／） 川Fり〃JJ J（JJん′J＝仇仙・ ／古川叩（・ …lli叶仙ソ∴バ川（亘れり什ノi−J・斤／汀山側JJ川／ J／J．、−Ⅷハ「HotelsponsoredbytheJapanFoundation，CO−organizedbyILECandwiththecooperationof
感ShigaPrefecturalGovemment・（SeePhoto）
Ms．EmiUehara，AdvisortoShigahefectural
Govemor，gaVeaWelcomeaddress，fbllowedby

amessageofgreetlngS fromDr．Margarita
Mikhailenko，DirectorofMedicalProgramme
ChernobylGlobalSecuTity Fund．Keynote
addressesincluded Water Environment andCultureinShiga byDr．YukikoKada，SeniorResearcherofLakeBiwaMllSeumprqjectOfnce
OfShigaPrefecture， OutlineandRoleofLakeBiwa
Conference byMs．MitsukoHayashi，Secretary−
The European Women s Study Tour for
GeneralofLakeBiwaConference，and Approachof
EnviroTmentalIssuestouredJapan打om27MarChtoll
EcologicalCo−0perativeUnion
byMs・SumikoYam姐
April，1994．Thegroup wasinvitedby theJapan
DirectoroftheShigaEcologicalCo−0perativeUnion．
FoundationandconsistedoflOmembersincludingDr．
M訂iaMies，打0触sor，FachhochSchool，Gemany；m． FromtheEuropeanGroup，SPeeChesweremadeon the
EcosystemfromtheViewPointofWomen， byDr・ClaudiavonWerlhof，ProfessoT，InstituteforPolitics，
UniversltyOfInnsbruCk，Austriaandotherdoctors， MariaMies， PrincipleofCooperationSysteminCo−
OPerativeUnionwithConsumers byDr・MaryMellor，englneerSandspecialistsontheChernobylnuclear
accidentandwomens and environmentalissues from

EastemEllrOpe．
Thegroup cametoShigaPrefecture afterparticipatinginsymposiaonwomen senvironmental
isslleSinHiroshimaandOkinawa．On4April，theyobservedLakeちiwaonenviTOnmentalstudyboat
Mizusumashi
andtouredtheKirinBreweryCo．to
inspectthewastewatertreatmentsystem・Thatevenlnga

receptionwasheldforthegroupinBiwakoHotelattendedbylocalrepresentativesfromShiga．
Asymposiumemided OntheShoresofLake
BiwaTAGatheringofWomeTl washeldatOtsuPrince

Principal1ecturerinSoclO10gy，DepartmentofAppliedSocialScience，UniversltyOfNorthumbriaatNewcastle，UK，and Ecology−Co−eXistlngwithNature byDr．
ClaudiavonWerlhof．Fo110Wlngthesespeeches，adiscussionwasheldwithelevenrepresentat享ves打om

Shiga．
Thelecturerswe托dlwomen狛d90l光一CentOf
the audience were also women．ILEC also exhibited

PanelboardsconcemlngltSaCtivides，aprO丘1eonthe

UNEPInternationalEnvironmentTechnologyCentre
andenvironmentaleducadonprqJeCt，

川（・力／JTン・ J／JJ両ヾ（、、州J・．ヾ（・／／り． J人 ・llこJJ什￠仇J／小．1J 川（J．ヾ州川J
The4thannual TrainingCourseinLakeWater
QualityManagement fordevelopingcountrieswasheld
mainlyinKusatsuJapan丘omJanuary24toMarch24，

techno10gleSOfllniversities，institutes，andcompaniesaqe
necessaryandusefu1fortheprogress・AlltheparticIPantS（12participantSfromllcountries）wereimpTeSSedby

1994，jointlyconvenedbyILECandJapanhternational
CooperationAgency（JICA）．
・Thecourseincludedbothoflecturesandstudy

Japanese advanced technologleS Of analysIS andmonitorlng，enVironmentaleducationatcompulsory
levels，and comprehensive basin management

visits．AIsoincludedinthecourseistheLakeBiwaCase

representedbyLakeBiwaCaseStudyDiscussion・

Study Discussion．The scientific know−how and．1J，／り…（ゾJP J／，（・J−り〃／仙／山／J∧・− JJ信州J／／．一丁人ハ（ 州、‖、l川んけJP／り〃
byB．PISingh（AdditionalSecretarytoGovernmentofIndia＆RamsarRegional
RepresentativeforAsia）

鮎shwatersystems．ManyofthelakesindiLferentparts

andtoundertakelargescaleconservationactivitiesinthe
Selectedlakes，includingthosewhicharenotcovered
undertheexistingprogramme．TheNationalLakes

Ofthecountryhavebeenfoundthroughthenatural

ConservationPlanwi11be，tObeginwith，COnCentratedon

process，Whileseve一山othe相打ea鵬丘d山．

urbanlakesand，atalaterstagethescopeOfactivities
wi11beexpandedtoincluderuralwaterbodies．
Withaviewtocheckover−eXPloitationofour
Water reSOuTCeS Which ultimately Ted11CeS theassimilativeandself−Purifyingcapacityofmostwater

Introduetion

LakesconsdtuteanimportBLntCOmPOrLentOfour

These water bodies provide habitats andbreedinggroundsforavarietyofbirds，負shandotheraquadclifbbo血血un山amdnord．melakesando血餅
Wetlands（Shallowwaterbodies）serveasimportantlife−

SuPPOrtSyStemSbyhelpinginfl00dcontrol，TeCharging
Ofgro11ndwaterandregulationofthehydrologlCal
reglme．
Problems

Duetopress11reSOfhumanacdvi血s，anumbr

COurSeS，theGangaActionPlaJl（GAP）wasimitiatedin

1985．neexpenenceoftheGAPinimprovingthewater
qualityoftheGangawillbeusefulinreplicatingthe
WOrksinothermaJOrriversofthecountry．Thisis
PrOPOSedbyundertakingaNationalRiverActionPlan

OflakesareshrinkingorgettlngPOllutedbeyondthe

PRAP）whichwillhaveathrustonpollutionabatement，
POintofrecovery．Encroachments，Siltation，Weed SOilconservation，reSearCh，mOnitonng，etC．
infestatiom，dischargeofdomesticsewage，industrial
AsmostofthelakesinIndiaadTeOftheoxbow

eff1uentandsurfacerun−OffcarrylngPeSticidesand
短鵬1izers舟omagncultⅥral鮎1ds訂eamOn名山em叫Or

typeonglnatingfromchanglngrivercourses，therivers
takenupforstudiesunderNRAl｝wi11havedirectlinkage

threats．Thesymp10mSOfpressuresduetoencroachment
andincursionsarealreadyexperiencedintheformof
decreaseinmlgratOrybirdpopl11ation，fishandotherfauna，POOrWaterqualityandprolificgrowthof

Wi山血eoxbowt邦杷Oflakesinquestion，Whichwillb￠

Obnoxiousweeds（eutrophication）．
On・gOingprogramme

IntraandInter−gOVt．1inkageswouldalsobestrengthened

Forconservationofthewetlands（including

undertaken under NLCP as most of the activities are

COmmOn and accordinBly even funding andimplementationcanbetiedupadldsharedatlaterstages．
toachievethedesiredresults．
The activities underNLCP willinclude thelakes）aJldforcreationofconsciousnessinthisregard，

払1lowlngS：

theMinistryofEnvironment＆Forestshasalready−FormulationofperspeCtiveplansforconservation
basedonresource surveys using remote sensing

launchedascheme・Underthisscheme，Catalyticsupport

isglVentOthestateGoverTLmentSforactivideslikeweed

technologyandGeographica11nformationSystem（GIS）．
COntrOl，desaltingandcatchmentareatreatment．The −R＆Dstudiesonnoralandfaunalbio−diversltyand

WetlandsthathavesofarbeencoveTedthoughthis

Telatedecologicalaspects．

SChemeareKolleru（Andhrahade叫），Wu11ar（Jammu＆−Preventionofpollutionfrompolntandnon−POlnt
Kashmir），Chilka（Orissa），Loktak（Manipur），Bhoj
SOurCeS．
（MadhyaPradesh），Sambhar（Rajasthan），Pichola −Catchmentarea甘eatment．
（Rajasthan），Ashutamudi（Kerala），Harike（Punjab），−Desilitingandweedcontrol．
Ujini（Maharashtra），Sukhana（Chandigarh），−Otheractivitiesdependingonlocationspecific
Sasthamkotta（Kerala），Renuka（HimachalPTadesh），
COnditions，SuCh as anintegrated developmental
K濾訂（B払叫），Narasalvor（G叫訂at）細dXa可1i（nl河ab）．

approach，includinginterfacewithhumanpopulations．

ProposedNatioha］LakesConservationPbr）（NLCP）
TheNationalLakesConservationPlan（NLCP）

COnSerVationaction，itisessentialthatinformationof

Wi11betoaugmenttheon−gOlngPrOgrammeOnWetlands

lakeecosystemsshot］1dbereadilyavai1able．Underthis

Inordertocreateaninfbrmationbaseforfuture

PrOgramme，NationalLakeinventoriescanbemadeand
COnSerVationactivitiesencouraged．RemoteSenslng
TechnologyandGIScanalsobeusedforevaluatingthe
StatuSOfdegradationinlargeranddeeperlakeswhich
Willbe coveredundertheNationalLakes Conservation
Plan．Thegrollnd−truthdataavai1ableonthestatusof

deYelopmentbecauseoftheirfertilesoilandsupplyof
丘eshwater・Underthisprogramme，COnCePtualbasefor

NationalLakesConservationPlanandstrategleSfor
PlannlngCanbedeveloped・PreparationoftheNational

LakesConservationPlanwillpromotesectorallake
COnSerVationstrategleSandreducethreatstolakesposedby developmentalproJeCtS，Lake conservationtheselakescanbecomparedbysuchtechnologleStOget
theexact statusofthelakewhichwillbeundeftakenfor
COmPOnentSCanbeincludedindevelopmentalprq】eCtS
COnSerVationandmanagement．
andnationallegislationlinkinglakeconservationand
SuStainabledevelopmenLEventually，1tisproposedto
PollutioncauslngPOlntSOurCeSandnonTpOlnt
SOurCeS WOuldbeidentifiedandrectifications made aformulate a National Wetlands Action Plan forヽaccordingly．TheCentralPollutionControIBoardsand
COnSiderationofvarioustypesofwetlandssuchas
StatePollution ControIBoards canbe associated with
mangroves，eStuaneSandmudnats，SeagraSSBeds，COrareefs，丘eshwaterswamps，riverbasinsandreservoirs
WaterqualitymonitorlngStudies，bothinlakesand
rivers．Afforestationrelatedactivitieswi11be11ndertaken anddams．
Theprogrammewillbeimplementedintwo
forcatchmentarea打eamlent．
Phasescovenngurbanlakesinthe丘rstphaseandthe
Soilconservationisanimportantelementin
rurallakesintheSeCOndphase．Theufbanwaterbodies
riverandlakemanagement・Desiltingandweedcontrol
are subjected to serious forms of environmental
measures canbellndertakenin collaboration withdegradationandpollutiondue雷OincreaslngPOpulation，
numberofagenciesattheStateandCentrallevelgrowthofhuman settlementsandindustrialactivities．
engagedin such activities．NRAP andNLCP will
ClearlngupOfthesewaterbodiesshouldtherefore
COnSiderintegratingallsuchefforts．
receivepri0rityundertheprogr甲nme・Thelakesinthe
India has a large network of ResearchurbanareasaTeOfgreatsocio−eCOnOmicimportanceInstitutions／Universities／Departmentsconducting
Particularlylnregardtotheirrecreationalandaesthetic
researchonvariousaspectsoflakeecosystems・The
ValtleS・Someoftheselakesarealsoasourceofdrinking
ZoologicalSurveyofIndiaandtheBotanicalSurveyof
Water・DtJetOheavypopulationpress11re andinnowof
IndiaarereSpOSitoriesofinformationonfaunaandflora
SeWage and urbanwastes，theselakes havebecome
inthecountly．TheWildliftInsdtuteofIndiahasbeen
eutrophiedanddeteriorationofwaterquality，algal
COnductingresearchstudiesonconservationofwildlifb．
bloomsanddecreaseinbiologlCaldiversltyarequite
TheBombayNaturalHistorySocietyhasbeeninvoIved
apparantinmajorityoftheselakes．Theselakesneedin wetland research．The Salim AliCentre for
Omithology（SACON）hasbeensetupbytheMinistryat

immedlateattentionforconservation．

Coimbatoreforecologicalresearchandomithology．The
7nlandFisheriesResearchInstitute andtheInstitute of
BrackishWaterAquacultureundertheMinistryof
AgriculturehavebeeninvoIvedininvestlgahngvarious

Atthe Statelevel，theprogrammecanbe
implementedbytheStateStecrlngCommitteeasisbeing
donefortheWetlandConservationProgrammeinthe

Organi祖tionalSetUp

aspectsrelatlngtO丘shedes．
Besides，enOughdatahasbeengathered丘om

COuntry・ApartfromsubjectmatterDepartments，theSeVeralprqjectsfundedbyMinistIyOfEnvironment＆ForestsundertheWetlandProgrammeondifferent
aspects．Theavai1able dataontheselakes canbecollectedandastheneedarises further studieswi11be
undertakenforthoselakeswhichhavenotbeencovered

Corporations，MuniclpalCommittees，District

DevelopmentBoards，NGOs and other associatedDevelopments／Organizationswhicharedirectlyor
indirectlyconcernedwithlakes andriversin the
COnCerned States．TheSteeringCommitteewi11also

SOfar・Theresearchinputswi11providerelevant

haverepresentationn OmMinistryofEnvironment＆informationonvariousliTnnOlogicalparameters．
CollSerYationNeeds
Lakesareoftenseenasthemaintargetfor

Forestsforimplementationoftheprogramme．

CommitteewillalsooptmembersfromMunicIPal

FulldimgortheNationatLakesConservatiollP】am（NLCP）

To begin with，the concerned State
Governmentswillbeprovidedsupportforthepurposeof
reconnaissancesurvey andpreparationofdetai1ed
Prqjectdoc11mentSforindividuallakes．Basedonsuch
documentsandperspectiveplansforconservationwith
SPeCific commitments from the respective State
Govel

multi1ateralsourc9SWillbesought，Sincethefunds
requlrementSWillbeofasizeableorder．However，forinidalstart−uPWOrk，fundswillbemadeavai1able丘om
On−gOing scheme for wetland conservation．The

implementationoftheindividualprqJeCtwi11beona

nmentS，fundingstlPpOrtfrombilateraland

COStSharingbasiswithcommitmentstothise飴ct舟om
仇erespectiYe5t且teGovemments．

βnJ／／ハ・′！／、／J．「（ 仙・J高ノ叩（川血兢Ge〃erαJ〃ee血gqr比丘C5 cge乃材言cCo∽∽≠JねelLECScientificCommittee

Fi免eenmembersofJLECScienti負cCommittee
ThefourworkinggroypmeetlngShadheldon
metinOtsu，Shiga，On8−10February1994．Thesixdl thesecondday．ThetoplCSWere：

GeneralMeetingchairedbyProfessorTatuoKira，
DirectoroftheLakeBiwaResearchInstitute，hadthe
WelcomlngaddressesMinistryofFoTeignAffairsand
EnvironmentAgencyinJapan．
Onthe負rstdaytheprogTeSSmadesincethelast
GeneralMeeting（June1992）wasreported．Thereport（i）da仏COllection，（ii）theILECjoumal，（iii）仕ahingmate止血s，（iv）environmentaleducation．

SaidthattheGuidelinesofLakeManagementseriesvol．6

The data collection group discussedon the data
COmPuterizationandfurtherdisseminationofit．The
ILECJournalgrotJp gaVe Clear shapetO a neW

ManagementofSalineLakesandvol．7Food−Chain

management−0rientedjournal・Thetrainlngmaterials

Manlpulationandvol．8EmerglngIssuesofWorldLakes
Wereunderpreparation．ItalsosaidthattheDataBookof
WorldLakeEnvironments−SurveyoftheStatesofgroupfocusedonthebestuseofexistingtraining
materialsproducedbyILEC．The environmental
educationgroupTeCOmmendedanewGuidelinebookon
environmentaleducationandashorttrainlngCOtJrSefor

WorldLakes−VOl．5coveringsomelakesandreservoirs

intheformerUSSRwouldappearSOOn．1mesecretariat
reportedonthecompact−SizeDataBookofWorldLake
EnviroTnlentS−AsiaandOceania．Thiscoveredthedata

On651akes and reservoirsin Asia and Oceania
recognizedfromtheorlglnaldatabookseries．The
SuCCeSSfu1threeUNEPPLECjointinternationaitraining
COllTSeS and the丘柑IWorldIノake Conference werealso
repoT愴d．

蛤achers

Thediscussionsofeachworkinggroupwere
reportedtotheplenarymeetlngOnthethirdday．
The members visitedIbarakiPrefecture after

theGeneralMeetingtoobservethevenueofthe6th
WorldLakeConference，Kasumigaura 95（October1995）andtotakepar［intheScienti負caJldprogrammeCommitteeforKasumlgaura 95．

L・l人■上 ．ゝ（叶‥J−／／／ニーIl（〃比／）7Ⅵelわ如エαたe−Gわα乃α，ノ附Jc（7depthoftllelakeisfoundjustbehiTldthe
dam，（79meters）andthemeandepthis19

melerS．Themaximumoperatingheightis
84．1meters a．m．s．1．and at thislevelthelake coYerS an area Of8，480square
blometers，andhasavolumeof165cubic
blometers．mechangeinwa捷rlevelofthe

Voltalakedisplaysaunimodalannualcycle
peakinginOctober−Ikcemberandwitha
minimllminJune−August．Theannual

drawdownis ofthe order of4meters，
which，inturncreatesadrawdownareaof
approximately85，000hectares．Themean

C．Gordon（Ⅵ）1taBasinResearchPrqject，
UniversityofGhana，Legon，Accra，Ghana）
lmlrodu亡Iioll

annualdischargefromthelakeisl，150
Cubicmeterspersecond．
Ptly5io・Chemis什yolthewaterm乱S5
Thelakehasbeenclassi丘edas8−01igotrophic，

b11titshouldbenotedthattheeightmainarmSOfthe
lakebehaYeaSSub−basinshavingtheiTOWnSpeCial

TheVoltabasinspanssixcountries，（Togo， Physio−Chemicalcharacteristics・Therangeofthese
BtJrkinaFaso，Benin，Mali，Coted IvoreandGhana）and
CharacteristicsisglVeninthetablebelow，andisfrom
hasacatchmentof165，700squaqekilometers．Thebasinvarioussourcesintheliterature，unlessotherwisestated，StretChesacrossallthem再OreCOlogicalzonesfoundin
dlvduesareinm釘1．
WestA允icawiththeexceptionofthehighrainforest．Its
Fi5血erit！5m由ndvers，血eBlackVolt礼山ese鮎On如RedVoltaand
Verylittleworkwascamiedoutonthe鮎heries

theOtiriver，nOWintotheVoltalakewhichwasformed

OftheVoltasystembeforetheAkosombodamwasbuilt，
in1964forhy血舵1ec扇citygeneTadon（OYer800MW）
mostofthestudiesweretaxonomicinscopeandtheirandwasundlquiterecently，thelargestman−madelake
OutPutWereSPeCialistsandgeographicalrangesofthe
intheworld．Fromthedam，theolltflowenteTSalmost SpeCleSfound．Thediversityofdleichthyofaunaofthe
immediatelylntOtheKpongHeadpond，aSmaller
Voltasystemishigh，122fishspecies havebeem
hydroelectricschemewhichwascomstruCtedin1981・

recordedin the Volta basin．After the dam was

Thecreadonof仕IeVoltalakeactdasasdmulusfo一也eCOnStruCtedtherewastheexpecteddisplacementof

developmentoflimnologyandfreshwaterecologyas
SubJeCtareaSinGhana，theestablishmentoftheVolta

riverineadaptedspeciesbylacustrinespecies・The
PreSentCatCh舟omthelakehasbeenestimatedatarOund
40，000metrictonnesperannum．Intheinitialperiodof

BasinResearChPrqjectbeingacaseinpoint・Morphometry
TheVoltalakehasadendriticshapewitha

inundationthisfigurewasashighas60，000metrictonnes．0ver血eyears，血enumberof鮎hmenonthe
Voltalakehasgrownsteadily，from18，353in1970；
numberofimportaJltarmSandbranches・Theoveral1
20，615in1975tooveT80，000in1991．Thefishery
1engthofthisvastwalerbodyis410kilometerswith
maximumwidthof25kilometers，itliesbetween60−90 belowthedamhavebeenaf托cted，themostobviousis
thatofthelossoftheclam銭sherylowerVoltawhich
N肌dlOW−0815 E．meex打emeleng血of山elake
employedl，500−2，000people，mainlywomenandmeansthatitbridgestwoclimaticzones，thenorthern
PrOvidedanincomeof￡100，000（1963Pounds）・
PartOfthelakehavingasimplepeakofrainfallwhilethe

SOuthputhasabimdalrainfallpattem，Themaximum6

probleminpartSOfthebasin，CauSlngPeOPletomove

densitiesinthecountryin1960，isatpresent，thefo
fastestgrowingdistrictaf（ertheurbancentersofAccra，KumasiandTema・Thegrowthofsuchupstreamdistricts

away丘om山e飴鵬1edvαⅤ山1eys．mecons加Ctionof

Canbecomparedwithfallinpopuladoninareasinthe

thedamsdrownedmanyofdleraPidsthatwereusedby

lowerVoltasuchasMepeandAgorkpo・Oneofthe

thevectorSimiliuTndamnosum任1ackLly）forbreeding．

Prlmaryaimsoftheresettlementexercisewastoimprovethehealthofthedisplacedpeoplebymovingtheminto
Planned villages with some basic sanitation

DiseaseOnchoceTCiasis（則verBlindLleSS）issdllam再Or

TheWorldHealthOrganizatioilisconductingamaJOr
OperationtoeradicatetheblackElyandriverblindnessin
thebasin・Themethodbeingusedisbasedonthe

treatmentofblackLkybreedingsitewithlarvicidessuch

in負●aS仕uctuTe．mef山1inglevelof山eVoltalakewa捷r
OYerthedroughtperiodcausedthe鮎hermantomove

as Abate，Carbosulfan andPermethrin．Thereis

OutOftheresettlementvi11agesandconstruCttheirowTl

PrOgrammetOreSettlepeOPleinanumberofthezones

dwellingsbythelakeside．Theimplicationofthismove，也at訂e紐ee丘omthe鵬sea5e．

Schistosomiasis（Bilhazia）isendemic andubiquitousinsomeareas・Themovementofmlgrant

isdlattherearealargenumberofpeOPle（intheorderof
hundredsofthousands）whosewaterentersintothelake
Withoutanytreatmentthuspresentlnganunknown

fishermenhas also contributedto the spr9adof

amountofphosphateandnitrogenloadingonthelake・SChistosomiasisinthelake・ChangesinhydroIogyofthe

CollCIuiotl

LowerVoltarivercausedbydamoperation，aLrbctedthe

TheVoltalakehasbeenpivotalintheeconomic

geomorphologyoftheen打ypOinttothesea，thisresulted

developmentofthecou叶y．Eventakingintoaccountthein theloss ofbrackish watercondit10nSin the Volta

environmentallossesinhabitat，nOraandfaunaduetoestuaryandtheconsequentpopulationexplosionofthe
Snai1hosts ofthedisease．This situationhasnowbeen
COrreCtedbythedredgingofacanaltoa1lowseawaterpene打adon．

fl00ding，aSWellasthedownstreamsefEectsofthedam．
Thebene鎖tsofthedamandlake；POWergeneration，

increaseincommunicationsthroughlaketransport，
imgationand丘sheriesaqearguablygreaterthanitscosts，

EmYiroれmell也】ConsideratiollS
Theincreased andindiscriminate11Se Of

peSticidessuchashe舟icidesandinsecticidescanhave
lastlngandsigni負canteffectsonwaterqualityinthe
basin・Themoveawayfromthesubsistence蝕rmlngand

inflowofmediumscalecapitalbynon−localinvestors
PreSentSathreattodleenVironment．Themassivealgal
bloomsof〟∫cr♂Cγ∫血intheA丘ammofthel奴ein
theearly1980 scanbeinpartattributedtofertilizeqrun

OffthatcausedlocalizedeutrophicationPoorfarmlng
PraCticesandtherampantcuttlngOftimbeTandfuel
WOOdshaveincreasedratesofsoilerosioninmany
CatChments，nOtOnlydestroylngValuabletopsoil，but
increasingthesedimentloadoftheriversthat飴edthelakebringingthedangerofsiltingup
ResettIementandInterna】mI許ation

TheconstructionoftheVoltalakedisplaced
80，000people；theVoltaRiYerAuthority（VRA）wasglVenthetaskofresettlingthesepeople．Thenegativechanges to the dawn stream environment and thefavorabledevelopments，i．e．伝shingandcommunlCation
ledtohighnumbers ofmlgrarLtS．Kete−Krachi，an

upstreamdistrict，hadoneofthelowestpopulationp■r8md訂Su脆celemp椚ture
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Fβrrゐco∽g乃g〟eerz〃g∫
14thImterllatiollalSympos】umO†theNorth
AmeriぐanL且keMallagemetltS∝iety
HMallagingWaterRe帥ur亡eSintheヱ1stC印血ry：
FindingWorkabIeSolution5
Date：October3トNovembeT5，1994

impactoftl・anSPOrtandmixlng，aJldtheapplicationof

themodemwaterqualitymomitoringeqtlipments．

Venue：HyattOrlaJldoHotel，Orlando，Florida，U・S・A

Host：FloridaLakeManagementSociety
bnguage：E喝1ish

Thissymposiumwi11provideanopportunlty
forpeopleofdiverseinterestsandviewstocome
togethertodiscussissuesrdlatedtothemanagementof
lakesandreservoirs．

Limt10】ogyaれdWaterbwIMomitori一喝，Modeling and Management
D8tO：November21−23，1994
Vonue：SopTOm，HungaⅣ
Convener：SocietasInternationalLimnologiae（STL）

WorkingGrouponAquaticBirds
ln c00Peration with：
ThelntemationalWaterfoulalldWetlands ResearchInstitute
TheHungarianMinistryofAgriculture，Departmentof
Huれ血g弧dFishelies
BITEXS叩1叩ium／Work血叩in1994′
Dato：November5・10，1994

NationalAuthorityforNatureConservationLakeFert6

V8nueS：Symposium／Otsu，ShigaJapan

Themainthemesoftheworkshopwi11relatetothemanaglngOfwaterfbwIpopuladonsandcanassistin
thedevelopmentofascientificbasisofWaterfowl

Workshop／Nagahama，ShigaJapan
Organizers：LakeBiwaResearchInstitute（Japan）
CenterbTWaterResearch（Australia）
Language：Symposium伽glish肌dJapanese

Nation山Park

ManagementplaれS（Simuletenousinterpretation）

Workshop但nglish

TheSymposium／Workshopwillprovide
forumfortheexchangeofinformationanddiscuss
innovativeandtheoreticaldeYelopmentsofscience，aSwellastemporalandspatialchangeofwaterqualityand
ecosystemsinLakeBiwainrelationtothephysical
爪r了1E肌7T肌4エエA麒EEⅣlⅦOWEⅣr CO協汀rrEEダ0亡爪n4W
3−13−25K11Sat5u．Kusatsu亡ily．Sll反a525．Japall
Tel：＋8卜775−67−2155．Fax：＋gl−775−672156

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主二′謬

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