April 10, 2009

Research by Mandom and application of “comfortable coolness”:
Effect of perspiration on cooling sensation-Achieving a better and more comfortable cooling sensationMandom Corporation (Head Office: Osaka, President Executive Officer: Motonobu Nishimura,hereafter “Mandom”) has been studying the “various factors in sensing comfort” in people, while emphasizing
both, the usability and function of cosmetics (quasi-drugs). As part of this, we previously established a method for
accurate quantitative evaluation of cooling sensations in subjects sensitive to cooling sensations in their 20s and 30s.
Here, we discuss further evaluations performed under real-life conditions, and have discovered that the range ofcomfortable cooling sensations differs depending upon the perspiration state of the individual. These results havebeen presented at the “9th Congress of Asian Societies of Cosmetic Scientists (ASCS) (Pacifico Yokohama)” heldfrom March 2-4.
[Summary findings – Research on “comfortable coolness”]① Established sensory evaluation method for cooling sensations, and defined the range of comfortable coolingsensations (Released June 14, 2007)② Discovered no gender differences in sensitivity to cooling sensations, and that the comfort range differeddepending upon gender and the characteristics of skin (Released July 11, 2008)③ Discovered a range of comfortable cooling sensations not only at normal times but when perspiring (in thepresent communiqué)
1．Focus on two freshening ingredients
In the recent years, increasing consciousness of cleanliness in male consumers has led to greater use ofdeodorants. Furthermore, many refreshing cosmetics are now available, including cleansers and lotions claiming to
be “refreshing” and “cool.” These refreshing cosmetics contain two types of freshening ingredients, ℓ-menthol, andℓ-menthyl glyceryl ether (hereinafter, MGE). We focused on these two types of freshening ingredients, andevaluated their differences in their ability to produce cooling sensation.
2．Strong cooling sensation felt when perspiring
In general, cosmetics that provide a cooling sensation are considered to be used for reducing unpleasantfeelings, such as the physical sensation of burning after perspiring from
Table 1．Cooling sensation score
playing sports or the summer heat. Refreshing cosmetics are therefore,
Indices of degree
Score
used in a wide variety of situations. Replicating such conditions for Intolerable
5

4
studying makes evaluations difficult.
3
Therefore, to develop products that feel comfortable irrespective of Clearly felt
2
the conditions in which they are used, we considered the idea that1
Faintcooling sensations when perspiring might differ in sensitivity than from No irritation0
cooling sensations at normal times. So, we first used subjects with highContact

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-1-Perspiring

Perspiring

Cooling sensation scoresensitivity to cooling sensations, and evaluated the differences in cooling sensation when perspiring after using
model refreshing cosmetics (Table 1). Based on the results, as shown in Fig. 1, after using ℓ-menthol-containing
model refreshing cosmetics, there was no change in the level of the cooling sensation before and after perspiring.
However, when MGE-containing model refreshing cosmetics were used, the intensity of cooling sensation
increased significantly after perspiring. In addition, it was found that when model refreshing cosmetics were used
after perspiring, MGE cosmetics were found to be weaker than ℓ-menthol cosmetics in their ability to produce a
cooling sensation. However, they were able to maintain the cooling sensation for longer periods of time (Fig. 2).

Time elapsed (min)Fig. 1．Changes in cooling sensation when perspiring after use ofmodel refreshing cosmetics■: ℓ-menthol, ▲: MGEb) MGE

Cooling sensation score

Cooling sensation scorea) ℓ-menthol

Perspiring
Perspiring

Time elapsed (min)PerspiringPerspiring

Time elapsed (min)Fig. 2．Changes in cooling sensation when using model refreshing cosmetics after perspiringa) ℓ-menthol ■： perspiring, ■: normal, b）MGE ▲：perspiring, ▲：normal

3．Magnitude of comfortable cooling sensation differs between normal times and during perspiration
From the results of the above evaluation, it was found that cooling sensation was more strongly felt whenperspiring than at normal times. This suggests that when products that feel comfortable at normal times are used
when perspiring, the cooling sensation may become too strong and feel uncomfortable. Therefore, we evaluated thecomfort of cooling sensations when perspiring and at normal times in regular subjects using model refreshing
lotions.

-2-Based on the results, as shown in Fig. 3, the comfort level for the model refreshing lotions felt with a 0.9%
mixture of ℓ-menthol was uncomfortably strong for 58% of all subjects at normal times. The number of people whoexperienced discomfort decreased to 28% when perspiring. On the other hand, with model refreshing lotions with a0.3% mixture of ℓ-menthol, 35% of people experienced discomfort at normal times, which dropped to 14% whenperspiring.
In addition, as shown in Fig. 4, and based on the results of evaluating satisfaction with the intensity of thecooling sensation with model refreshing lotions containing a 0.9% mix of ℓ-menthol, we found that 42% of all
subjects experienced dissatisfaction at normal times. The number of people feeling dissatisfied decreased to 28%
when perspiring. This suggests that cooling sensations of an intensity feeling uncomfortably strong at normal times
may decrease in unpleasantness during perspiration, and may increase satisfaction. Therefore, a stronger coolingsensation is preferred when perspiring.
Perspiringℓ-menthol content

0.9% (normal)

NormalDissatisfaction

0.9% (perspiring)
Dissatisfaction

Satisfaction

0.3% (normal)

Satisfaction

0.3% (perspiring)Time elapsed (min)Time elapsed (min)Fig. 3．Comfort level of model refreshing lotion

Fig. 4. Satisfaction level with the intensity of coolingTime elapsed (min)sensation using a 0.9% menthol-containing modelFig. 2．Changes
sensation when using model
refreshingcosmetics after perspiring
Comfort in cooling
Discomfort
refreshing
lotion▲：normalThus, from the level of comfort and satisfaction of cooling sensations at normal times and when perspiring, weused the cooling sensation evaluation method established previously to define the range between the coolingsensation score from 2 to 4 as a “comfort zone” of cooling sensation when perspiring. We confirmed that the
comfort zone with cooling sensation scores of 1 to 3 at normal times rose by a point when perspiring (Fig. 6).
Comfort zone when perspiring

Comfort zone

Time elapsed (min)Coolingsensation
score

Cooling sensation score

Comfort zone at normaliFig. 5. Comfort zone at normal times and when perspiring
0.9% ℓ-menthol-3-Time elapsed (min)From these results, it is clear that perception of cooling sensation differs depending upon the presence ofperspiration with the same products, and when perspiring, it is possible that discomfort may be experienced withproducts that feel comfortable at normal times. Based on these findings, it is possible to develop cosmetics that may
be comfortably used without any unpleasant sensations such as pain or burning, whatever the conditions may be, byevaluating them under real-life conditions instead of one set of conditions.
At Mandom, we intend to continue this research and develop products that feel even more comfortably cool.
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