Appendix 1 Child Development Scale (CDS)
7:06

Sands on 1

Plays piano orCleans with aCleans in

Reads hiragana Can do afoot for aboutorgan freely

broomcooperation.

(the JapaneseOne uses acursive

broom andsyllabary)others uses abooks

dustpancompletely

30 seconds.

7:00

Bounces a ball Makes a paper

Ties shoelaces. Anticipates

under one leg. plane or awhat a friend

paper cranesimple addition

Dues not use

Is able to tell

baby talk.

time.

wants.

using origami.
6:06

Jumps rope

Draws aWrings out wet Plays old maidReads hiragana Plays a card

unassisted.

picture usingtowel.

(understands(the Japanesegame ofpaints andthe rules

cursiveconcentration.

brush.

thoroughly).

syllabary)
books.

6:00

Stands on 1

Draws aDresses

Takes a role in Story telling.

Comprehends

foot for about

picture ofadequately toa simple gameanalogies, such

10 seconds.

person with six go out.

by self.

as ʻIf ice is

identifiable

cold, fire is.ʼparts to thebody.
5:06

On a swing in

Decides how to Dries bodyTakes changeCanCan

motion,make betterfrom thesuccessfully

understandchanges frompaper plane.

cashier.

play a word-riddles.

after bathing.

standing/

chain game.

sitting position
to sitting/standing＊1 .
5:00

Stands on one Draws a

Dresses almost Takes a role in Repeats short

Understands

foot for about

picture ofsatisfactorily to a simple game stories.

the feelings of

5 seconds.

person withgo out.

withbeing hungry,

threesomeoneʼstired andidentifiable

help.

cold.

parts to thebody.

4:08

Skipping.

Makes a paper

Dresses up.

Makes a sandRepeats aCan

plane undermountainsimpledifferentiate

the guidancecooperatively

sentence after

the right fromof an adult.

with two or

＊2

adult

withthe left.

more people in two correct
the sandbox.

answers out ofthree.

4:04

4:00

3:09

Enjoys swing.

Catches a

Crosses theMakes

Can repeat abouncing ball.

road according decisions using four-number＊3

Understands
the concept of

to makes a

the “rock-sequencenumbers (upclear

paper-

with twoto 5).

distinction

scissors”

correct answer

between colors method.

out of three.

of signals.
Washesbody

Can produce

Hop on 1 footSuccessfully

Tells adults

Understands

2+ times.

uses scissors to unassisted (not where to go.

parentsʼ names andcut along anecessarily allsuccessfully.

line.

parts of body).

Can long

Attempts toBlows nose.

jump.

draw a cross.

appropriately
answers all fiveAble to await

Can repeat

questions＊4
Understands

turn in athree simple

the concept ofgroup.

sentences (asnumbers (upabove), with at to three).
least twocorrect
answers
3:06

Rides tricycle.

Catches ball.

Washes andBorrows orCan repeat

Understands

wipes hands.

lends a toy.

three simple

the concept of＊5sentences

numbers (upand one

to two).

correct answer
out of three.
3:03

Forward roll.

Fastens a 0.4

Washes andAsks for

Has simple

Understands

inch sized

wipes facepermission.

conversations

the meaning of

buttonunassisted.

with children

high and low.

successfully.

ofsame age.

3:00

Tries to standSuccessfully

Taking clothes Plays houseon 1 foot.

uses scissors to off.
cut paper.

Can repeat a

Names four or

and family

two-wordmore colors.

roles.

sequence anddo thiscorrectlr twothirds of thetime.2:09

Stands andImitates

spins on heel
(unnecessaryWears shoes.

Tends to takeCan repeat a

Understands

drawing a

care oftwo-number

the meaning ofcircle.

youngersequence andlong and short.

children.

two correct

to complete
360 degrees).

answers out ofthree.

2:06

2:03

Walks up stairs Imitates

Feeds himself

Tells adults

Tells full name. Understands

alternate feet.

writing in awith spoon

about quarrels.

straight line.

without spilling.

Hopping with

Using hands,

Pulls off pants. Imitates

both feet.

hangs from ananswering thethrough words identify theiron bar for aphone.

(beautiful,eyes, hair,nice, cute,teeth, tongue,etc.).

belly button,

the meaning of
big and small.

few seconds.

Shows emotion Is able tonails and fourcollect answers
out of six.
2:00

Kicks a ballPlaces blocks

Informs others Plays alone

Speaks 2 word Understandforward.

next to eachof the need toeven if parent

sentence.

other.

use the toilet.

is not nearby.

the meaning of
ʻone moreʼ andʻlittle bit'.

1:09

Walks stairs 2

Draws circles

Drinks liquid

Holds handsCan identify

Is able tofeet at a time.

repeatedly.

through awith friends.

three objects

identify eyes,by name in amouth, ears,

picture book.

hands,straw.

foot, stomach
and fourcorrect
answers out ofsix.
1:06

Runs.

Pours water

Tries to spread Asks for help.

Can identify

Asks adult tofrom one cup

legs to allow

one object byread for child.

to anotheradoult to easily

name in awithout spilling. dress withpicture book.

psnts.
1:04

Walks withBuilds a two-Tries to wipe

Can prepare

Says three

Can follow

shoes.

block tower.

lips.

simple meals,wards.

simplesuch as puttingcommands intogether cold

succession.

cereal and
milk.

1:02

Takes 2–3

Takes out a

Peels candy

Repeats actions 2 words with

Understands

steps without

cube from awrappers.

that attract

simple verbal

support.

cup.

meaning.

attention andcommands

cause(same aslaughter.

above), withthree correct
answers out ofthree.

1:00

Stands up

Scrawls on

feeds himself

When parents

Imitatesfrom sitting

paper.

with spoon

leave, tries todefinite speech simple verbal

follow.

sounds.

position

Understands
commands

without(same assupport.

above),withone correct

0:11

Drinks fromStrager

Begins tofurniture.

cup withoutanxiety.

imitate sounds. greetings bycar.

spilling.
0:10

answers out of
Reacts toCruises around Pushes a toy

waving hands.

Pulls self toScrews lid on

Expresses

Imitates simple Produces vowel Responds tostandingand off.

feelings

acts andposition.

without crying. noises.

sounds andword ʻnoʼ.

actively
chainedsyllables (baba,dada, kaka).

0:09

Holding onto

Beats a drum

Brings a cup to Expresses

Bisyllables.

Recognizes thefurniture.

purposefullly.

the mouth

displeasuredifferencewith bothwhen object is

between ahands.

taken away.

familiar voice
and astranger'svoice.

0:08

sits without

Uses thumb

Dislikes having Smiles or talks Monosyllables.

Locates voices

supportand index

face wiped.

at images inby turning

the mirror.

from head tofinger in pincer
grasp.

side andlooking in thesame direction.

0:07

Lays onTransfers

Feeds from

Recognizes the Vocalizes toUnderstands

tummy andobjects fromcup.

difference

parentʼs feeling

pivots turn toone hand to

betweenleft and rightthe other.

friendly andangry
expressions.

toys.

from the tone.

0:06

0:05

Rolls overAble to grasp

Biscuits toobjects

mouth(Mouthi image of self in response tovoluntarily.

ng).

mirror.

familiar voices.

Shows

Social smile.

Coos.

Rolls over from Shakes rattleside to prone

Reacts atVocalizes inplaced in hand. excitement

Smiles whenfinds a person.
Recognizes thedifferencewith entire

between the

body squeals,

motherʼs andor breathes

othersʼ voices.

heavily inreaction totoys.
0:04

Head and neck Clenches hand Feeds withLaughs whencontrol.

tickled.

around rattle.

spoon.

Laughs aloud.

Tries to locate
voices byturning headto side.

0:03

Holds head up

Tries to grasp

Shows

Turns head

Vocalizes,

Becomes quiet

well whenitems that

displeasure

towardsother thanwhen hears alifted.

touch cheeks.

when headsource.

crying.

voice.

Fixates atCooing.

Visually(face) iscovered.
0:02

Holds chin up. Sucks fingers.

Evidencessatiation

faces.

searches to＊7

afterfeeding

locate voices.

.
0:01

Can turnGrabs whenTurns heads

Stops crying

his/her headcontact istoward thewhen held.

sounds.

side to sidemade withbreast or

while lying

fingers.

feeding bottle

Communicati Vocabulary

Intelligence

down.
AgeGross motor

Cries loudly.

Responds towhen hungry.
Fine motor

Socialdevelopment development competence

ondevelopment development

development development
Motor development

Social development＊1

If child afraid to do so, please mark ʻvʼ

＊2

ʻTwo children are playing with swings.ʼ

Vocabulary development

ʻA big moon came out above the mountain.ʼ
ʻI went shopping with mama yesterday.ʼ

＊3

ʻ5–2–4–9ʼ ʻ6–8–3–5ʼ ʻ7–3–2–8ʼ

＊4

Q1: If you want to read, what do you need?

(Answer: book, etc.)

Q2: If you want to write, what do you need?

(Answer: pencil, etc.)

Q3: If you want to know the time, what do you need?
Q4: If you want to sit, what do you need?

(Answer: clock, etc.)(Answer: chair, etc.)

Q5: If itʼs dark, what do you need? (Answer: light, etc.)

＊5

ʻFlowers come out.ʼ ʻA plane flies.ʼ ʻI sing well.ʼ

＊6ʻ5–8ʼ ʻ6–2ʼ ʻ3–9ʼ

＊7spits out nipple, turns face away.
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