iRIC Software
Changing River Science

Morpho2DH ver.2

Tutorial- Debris/Mud flow Produced by Hiroshi Takebayashi

Copyright iRIC Project, All Right Reserved.

Contents
I. OUTLINE ............................................................................................................................... 1
I.1 MORPHO2DH ........................................................................................................................ 1
I.2 MORPHO2DH TUTORIAL – DEBRIS/MUD FLOW - ................................................................... 1
I.3 OPEN MORPHO2DH .............................................................................................................. 2
II. TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION PROCESS OF DEBRIS/MUD FLOW .......................... 3
II.1 GRID GENERATION FROM DEM DATA ................................................................................... 4
II.2 SETTING OF CALCULATION CONDITIONS ............................................................................. 21
II.3 VISUALIZATION OF CALCULATION RESULTS ........................................................................ 28
III. DEBRIS/MUD FLOW ANALYSIS WITH STRUCTURES ................................................ 31
III.1 SETTING OF FIXED BED ELEVATION（SABO DAM, AND SO ON） ..................................................... 32
III.2 VISUALIZATION OF CALCULATION RESULTS ....................................................................... 35

I. Outline
I.1 Morpho2DHMorpho2DH is a calculation solver that a debris/mud flow model is added to Morpho2D.
Morpho2D is the unsteady horizontal two dimensional bed deformation analysis solver of bed
material load, which is developed by Hiroshi Takebayashi, Kyoto University. The governing
equations are written in boundary fitted general coordinate system. In 2009, the solver was installed
to RIC-Nays Version 1.0 which is the free software developed by RIC. Some functions are added tothe original version and the improved version is installed into iRIC Version2.0 on March 2011. On
March 2014, Morpho2D was unified with Nays2D and Nays2DH was developed.
Morpho2DH is the horizontal two dimensional debris/mud flow analysis solver which can reproduce
the transport and deposition process of debris/mud flow due to the landslides. Structures (ex. sabodam, weir, house and so on) and horizontal distribution of maximum erosion depth can beconsidered in the analysis.
The unsteady horizontal two dimensional bed deformation analysis of bed material load which canbe performed as it used to be.

I.2 Morpho2DH Tutorial – Debris/Mud flow The purpose of the tutorial is to show the detailed procedure of the analysis from the beginning toend. Tutorials has enough explanations to perform analysis. However, if you cannot understand thetutorials, please refer iRIC user manual and Morpho2DH manual.
[Contents of Tutorial] Chapter IITransport and deposition process of debris/mud flow

 Chapter III

Debris/Mud flow analysis with structures1I.3 Open Morpho2DH1.

Startup iRIC, Select [Create New Project] from [iRIC Start Page].

Figure I－1(1)2.

Start of iRIC

Select [Morpho2DH] in ［Select Solver］ window and press [OK].

Figure I－1(2)Selection of Morpho2DH2

II. Transport and deposition process of debris/mud flow
 Purpose
The purpose of this chapter is for researchers, river engineers and university students who have no(or a few) experience of transport and deposition process of debris/mud flow analysis to learn toperform debris/mud flow analysis by use of Morpho2DH and visualize the calculated results.

 Procedure
Procedure in this chapter is shown in Figure II－1.

Grid generation from DEM data
Step1：load DEM data
Step2：grid generation

Setting of cell characteristics
Step3：setting of maximum erosion depth
Step4：setting of landslides

Setting of calculation conditions
Step5：setting of calculation conditions

Run the calculation
Step5：run the calculation

Visualization of calculation results
Step6：visualization of flow depth
Figure II－1

Procedure in this chapter3II.1 Grid generation from DEM data
II.1.1 Load DEM data
■Setting of coordinate system
1.

Click [Property] in [File].

Figure II－2(1) Open [Property] window
2.

When the coordinate system is not specified yet, [Project property] dialog box is popped
up. Please click [Edit] in [Coordinate System].

Figure II－4(2)Specify the coordinate system43.

Target area is the river basin located north of Kyoto University of the Arts in Sakyoku,
Kyoto City, Japan. Hence, the coordinate system [EPSG2448:JGD2000/Japan Plane
Rectangular CS VI] must be selected. Please click 「OK」.

Figure II－2(3)4.

Selection of coordinate system

Please confirm if the coordinate system is set or not in the [Project Property] window andpress [Close]．

Figure II－4(4)Setting of coordinate system

5

DEM data can be loaded from the web or from a file prepared in advance.
■ To load DEM data form the web
5.

Click [Geographical Data (Elevation from web)]-[Elevation] in [import].

Figure II－3(5) Load DEM data
6.

[Select Region] window will be opened. Move to the target area using [Zoom In] and [ZoomOut]．Background image can be selected from the [Background image] pulldown．

図 II－2(6)Move to the target area

6

7.

After movement to the target area (circled in red), click the left mouse button to specify
one of the corners of the DEM data acquisition area, and then click the diagonal corner ofthe previously specified corner to set the DEM data acquisition area. After setting theDEM data acquisition area, click [Next].

Figure II－4(7) Set DEM data region including target
area
8.

[Zoom Level Setting] window is opened and select DEM data [国土地理院標高タイル（基盤
地図情報数値標高モデル DEM5A）].

図 II－2 (8) Selection of DEM data
9.

DEM data is displayed.

Figure II－4(9)Display of DEM data7

■ To load DEM data from a file
10. Click [Geographical Data]-[Elevation] in [import].

※ Grid generation method
in Morpho2DH‘Create grid from polygonal line
and width’, ‘Create grid fromriver survey data’, and so on canbe used in the calculation using
Morpho2DH.
In this chapter, ‘Create grid frompolygonal line and width’ isselected.

Figure II－4(10)Load the land elevation data

11. Load [Ichijo.txt].

※DEM data file
DEM data file is composed of thedata number, x and y coordinate,
land elevation data (z).
Format of DEM data file isexplained in iRIC manual.

Figure II－4(11)Load the land elevation data812. [Import Setting] window is opened. [CSV (Comma separated values] in [File Format] ischecked and [X: field2，Y: field3，Z: field4] in [Select field] is set and press [OK].

Figure II－4(12)Load the land elevation data

13. DEM data is shown.

Figure II－4(13)Load the land elevation data

9

Background image can be loaded from the web or from a file prepared in advance.
■ To load Background image form the web
1. If [Coordinate System] is set, the background image is displayed by checking on the
background image (国土地理院（標準地図） in the following image) you want to display
from [Background Image (Internet)]. To set the [Coordinate System], select [File][Properties], and then refer to [Figure II-2(1)]-[Figure II-2(4)].

※Background image
When users create the numericalgrids, background images help toidentify the location and shape ofhouses and erosion control
structures such as sabo dams orweirs.

Figure II－3 (1)Load the background image■Load background image
2.

Click [Background Image]-[Add Image] in [Import].

※Background image
When users create the numericalgrids, background images help toidentify the location and shape ofhouses and erosion control
structures such as sabo dams orweirs.

Figure II－3(2) Load the background image

10

3.

Select [Ichijo.jpg].

Figure II－3 (3)4.

Load the background image

Background image is fitted to land elevation data by use of [Pan], [Rotate]and [Zoom]※Hints for the fitting

Figure II－3(4) Fit the background image11

II.1.2 Grid generation■Selection of the grid generation algorithm
1.

Click [Select Algorithm to Create Grid] in [Grid].

Figure II－4(1) Selection of the grid generation algorithm
2.
3.

Select [Create grid from polygonal line and width] in [Algorithm] and press [OK].
A small window on information on grid generation algorithm is popped up andpress [OK].

Figure II－4(2) Selection of the grid generation algorithm

Figure II－4(3) Information on grid generation algorithm
12■Decision of number and size of grids
1
Click the upstream and the downstream ends of calculation region and press
return key to decide the centerline of the calculation domain.
2[Grid Creation] dialog box is popped up. Enter the number of longitudinal
grids（nI ）, the number of transverse grids（nJ ）, the width of calculation
domain（W）. The size of grids（dI, dJ） are automatically calculated．
3
Press OK in the dialog box.

Figure II－4(4) Decide the centerline of the calculation
domainFigure II－4(5)Enter the number of grids, the width ofcalculation domain.

13

4

Press OK in the dialog box for confirmation of mapping

Figure II－4(6) Confirmation of mapping
5

Grids are formed.

Figure II－4(7)Add division points in transvers
direction

14

■Maximum erosion depth of land surface
1

Click [MaxErosionDepth] in [Object Browser] by right button and select[Add] and [Polygon].

Figure II－5(1)Create polygon

Figure II－5(2) Creation method of polygon
2

Make a polygon by clicking at the corners of the polygon. The polygon
should cover the whole calculation area. Double clicks stop to make thepolygon.

Figure II－5(3)Create polygon

153Enter the maximum erosion depth and press [OK] in the small dialog boxes.

Unit is m.

Figure II－5(4)Input the maximum erosion depth

Figure II－5(5)Create polygon

16

■Location and size of landslides
1

Click [Landslide] in [Object Browser] by right button and select [Add] and[Polygon].

Figure II－6(1)2Create a polygon

Make a polygon by clicking at the corners of the polygon. The horizontal
shape of the polygon should be the same as the horizontal shape of thelandslide. Double clicks stop to make the polygon.

Figure II－6(2)Create a polygon

173Enter the landslide depth and press [OK] in the small dialog boxes.

Unit is m.

Figure II－6(3)Input the landslide depth

Figure II－6(4)Create polygon

18

■Mapping1

Click [Execute] in [Grid]-[Attributes Mapping].

図 II－7(1)2

Execute of mapping

Checking on the valuables which need to be mapped and click [OK]. If you do not know
which valuables need to be mapped, click [Check All] and then click [OK].

Figure II－7(2)Selection of valuables which need to bemapped19

Figure II－7(3) Information of mapping3

Check on each of the [Node attributes] in the [Object Browser]-[Grid] tosee if the data is mapped to the grids (whether the grids are given values
or not) (in the figure below, [Grid Creating Condition] is checked off tomake it easier to see the color contours)..

Figure II－7(4) Confirmation of mapping20

II.2 Setting of calculation conditions
II.2.1 Setting of calculation conditions■Selection of solver type1

Click [Setting] in [Calculation Condition].

Figure II－8(1)Setting of calculation conditions

21

■Setting of calculation parameters
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Click [Parameters] in [Calculation Condition] dialog box.
Select [Debris/Mud Flow] in [Calculation Type].
[Start Time (s)] is 0.
[End Time (s)] is 300 (s).
[Computational Time Step (s)] is 0.01 (s).
[Output Time Step for File (s)] is 1 (s).
[Output Time Step for Screen (s)] is 1 (s).
[Start Time of Bed Deformation (s)] is 0 (s).

Figure II－8(2) Setting of calculation parameters

22

Select [Debris/Mud flow] forbed deformation analysis bydebris/mud flow. [Flow only]
is for flow calculation. [Bedmaterial load] is for bed
deformation analysis by bed
material load.
Start time of the calculation is
set in [Start Time (s)]. Unit issecond.
End time of the calculation is
set in [End Time (s)]. Unit issecond.
Time step Δt is set in[Computational Time Step(s)]. Unit is second. The time
step is decided considering
CFL condition.
Output time step for file is set
in [Output Time Step for File(s)]. Short time step makes asmooth animation. Unit issecond.
OutputTime
Stepofcalculation
conditionfor
Screen is set in [Output Time
Step for Screen (s)]. Unit issecond.
Start time of bed deformationis set in [Start Time of Bed
Deformation (s)]. Unit issecond. When the debris/mud
flow calculation is performed,
please input 0.

■Setting of calculation conditions
1
Open [Calculation Conditions (Debris/Mud Flow)] dialog box.
2
Select [Change] in [Sediment Concentration].
3
Input 1 for [Original Liquid Density].
4
Input 2.65 for [Sediment Density].
5
Input 0.6 for [Static Deposition Sediment Concentration].
6
Input 0.2 for [Liquid Behavior Sediment Ratio].
7
Input 0.01 (m) for [Minimum Flow Depth].
8Input 34 (degree) for [Internal Friction Angle].
9
Select [Constant] in [Laminar Flow Depth], because spatial change of land
slope is not changed well here.
10 Input 0.4 for [Laminar Flow Depth Ratio].
11 Input [Resistance Coefficient]. The value is about 72.
12 Select [Disabled] in [Fixed Bed Elevation].

Figure II－8(3) Setting of calculation conditions

23

Please select [Change] when you
wanttoconsiderthespatiotemporalchangeofsediment concentration.
The original liquid here is waterand 1 is used in [Original Liquid
Density].
[Sediment Density] is 2.65
here.
Static deposition sedimentconcentration is between 0.54
and 0.8.
Fine material behaves as liquid
phase. Content rate of 0.2mm
and finer diameter is roughstandard to decide [Liquid
Behavior Sediment Ratio].
[Minimum Flow Depth] must
be set to get stable calculation
results. The unit is m.
When the flow is debris flow,
the laminar flow depth ratio is
about 1. When the finematerial includes in the flow
well and turbulence flow layer
is formed on the laminar flow
layer, the laminar flow depth
ratio must be smaller than 1.
Valueof[Resistance
Coefficient] must be set toreproduce flow depth.
When some parts of the bed
composed of rock or sabodams is set in the calculationarea, please select [Enable] in[Fixed Bed Elevation]. When
[Fixed Bed Elevation] is[Enable], the fixed bed area
must be set using polygons.

■Setting of bed material conditions
1
Click [Bed Material] in [Calculation Condition] dialog box.
2
Select [Uniform] in [Bed Material Type].
3[Mean Grain Diameter (m)] is available, when [Uniform] is selected in [BedMaterial Type]. Here, please input 0.01 (m).
4
Press [OK] to complete setting of calculation conditions.

Input mean grain diameter in[Mean Grain Diameter (m)].
This function is available only
for uniform sediment

Figure II－8(4) Setting of bed material conditions■[Vegetation], [Obstructions], [Building], and [Hot Start] are not set here.

24II.2.2 Run the calculation■Run the calculation
1▶

Press [ ] on the tool bar to run the calculation.

Figure II－9(1) Run the calculation▶

2

Press [ ] on the tool bar again. [Information] for save of project is3

popped up. Please press [Yes].
Please select [Save as File (*.ipro)] in the dialog box [Select How to Save
Project].

Figure II－9(2) Save the project

Figure II－9(3) Save the project25

4[Save iRIC project file] dialog box is popped up. Input file name and press[Save].

Figure II－9(4) Save the project5

Startup the gray colored screen automatically.

※

Figure II－9(5) Information of the run on the screen

26

Information on thescreenPresent calculation time (s)End time (s)Time step of flow (s)Type of calculation，
Use/No Use of Vegetation
density data，Vegetation height
data，Rigid bed height data

6

When you want to check the calculation results during the run, please press
button. The method to visualize the calculation results is explainedin the next section.

Figure II－9(6) Load the calculation results
7

When［Solver Finished］dialog box is popped up on the screen, press OK.

Figure II－9(7) Calculation is finished27

II.3 Visualization of calculation results
II.3.1 Visualization of calculation results
1

Click

button.

Figure II－10(1)Open visualization window■Contour1

Check [Scalar]-[Depth] in [Object Browser]. Horizontal distribution of flow
depth is shown.

Figure II－10 (2) Make contour of flow depth

28

2
3
4

When you want to modify the format of the contour, please open [Property]
by clicking [Scalar] by the right button.
If you want to visualize the flow region only, the value about 0 is
inputted in [Min] in [Value range] and check off [Fill lower area]．
Modification of labels in the color bar can be made in [Color Bar Setting].

Figure II－10 (3) Select Property

Figure II－10 (4) Modification of contour

29

5
6

Check on [Background Images] in [Object Browser].
By using animation tool bar, calculation results can be checked as a movie.

Figure II－10 (5) Confirmation of the modification30

III. Debris/Mud flow analysis with structures
 Purpose
The purpose of this chapter is for researchers, river engineers and university students who have no(or a few) experience of transport and deposition process of debris/mud flow analysis to learn toperform debris/mud flow analysis with structures (sabo dam, weir, and so on) by use of Morpho2DH
and visualize the calculated results.

 Procedure
Procedure in this chapter is shown in Figure II－1.
Setting of cell characteristics
Step1：setting of fixed bed elevation（sabo dam, and so on）

Setting of calculation conditions
Step2：enable of fixed bed elevation function

Run the calculation
Step3：run the calculation

Visualization of calculation results
Step4：visualization of elevation change
FigureⅢ－1

Procedure in this chapter

31III.1 Setting of fixed bed elevation（sabo dam, and so on）
III.1.1 Setting of fixed bed elevation（sabo dam, and so on）■ Setting of sabo dam
1

Click [FixedBedElevation] in [Object Browser] by right button and select[Add] and [Polygon].

Figure Ⅲ－2(1)2Create polygon

Make a polygon by clicking at the corners of the polygon. The horizontal
shape of the polygon should be the same as the horizontal shape of the sabodam. Double clicks stop to make the polygon.

Figure Ⅲ-2(2)Create polygon

32

3Enter the surface elevation of sabo dam in the small dialog box. (Here, thebed level immediately upstream of the sabo dam is approximately 107 m, so
112 m was entered assuming an approximately 5 m high sabo dam.)

Unit is m.

Figure Ⅲ-2(3)Input the surface elevation of sabo dam

Figure Ⅲ-2(4)4Create polygon

The reference elevation for the [FixedBedElevation] can be either the ground surface or
the same reference elevation as the ground elevation data. Right-click the name of thepolygon created as [FixedBedElevation] in the [Object Browser] and click [Copy].

※Fixed bed elevation and
fixed bed elevation
condition
User can select the reference
elevation
forthe[FixedBedElevation] from either
the ground surface or the samereference elevation as the groundelevation data.
When [FixedBedElevationP] is
not specified, the same reference
elevation as the ground elevation
data is used as the reference
elevation
forthe[FixedBedElevation]

Figure Ⅲ-2(5)Copy of the fixed bed elevation polygon

33

5

Select [FixedBedElevationP] as the destination of the copy.

Figure Ⅲ-2(6)6Select the destination of the copy

Input [1], because the same reference elevation as the ground elevation
data is used as the reference elevation for the [FixedBedElevation] here.

※Fixed bed elevation
condition
When the same reference
elevation as the ground elevation
data is used as the reference
elevation
forthe[FixedBedElevation],
pleaseinput [1]. When the groundsurface is used as the reference
elevation
forthe[FixedBedElevation],
pleaseinput [2].

Figure Ⅲ-2(7)Input fixed bed elevation condition34

III.1.2 Setting of calculation conditions■ Enable of fixed bed elevation function
1
Click [Setting] in [Calculation Condition]
Conditions (Debris/Mud Flow)] dialog box.
2
Select [Enabled] in [Non-erodible Height].
3
Press [OK] and run the calculation.

andselect[Calculation

Figure Ⅲ-3 Enable of fixed bed elevation function

III.2 Visualization of calculation results
III.2.1 Visualization of elevation change■Contour1
Horizontal distribution of land elevation change is shown by checking[ElevationChange] in [Scalar] in [Object Browser]. Erosion of Land in thedownstream of the landslide and the sediment deposition in the upstream ofsabo dam is reproduced. Also, if you check on [Polygons1] in [GeographicData]-[FixedBedElevation], the sabo dam is displayed. Sediment is depositedin the upstream area of the sabo dam.

Figure Ⅲ-4 Contour of land elevation change
35