Water and Sanitation Division , Department of Building,
MINISTRY OF CONSTRUCTION

Current Status of the Planning of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Systemin Myanmar
AUNG KHAING MINAssistant Director , Water and Sanitation Division
Building Department , Ministry of Construction
1

28th JULY 2016 (Nagoya, Japan)

OutlineBackground
Sanitation Coverage
Current status of Yangon and Naypyitaw City
Guideline for Wastewater Effluent Quality
Challenges
Concluding remarks2

Background Information
Situated in-South East Asia

Area-261,228 square miles-677,000 sq km

Climate-Tropical monsoon- (3 seasons )Annual Rainfall-2500 mm(Delta Region)-1000mm(Dry Zone)-5000mm(Coastal Region)

Average Temperature-22~40 degrees Celcius

Population-51.4 millions

Density-80 per sq km

Administrative-14 states/regions

3Sanitation Coverage In Myanmar
5.5

19.6

94.5

80.4

Improved Sanitation Facility in urban area
Improved Sanitation Facility in rural area
Unimproved Sanitation Facility in urban area
Unimproved Sanitation Facility in rural area
[Source- Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey(DOH) (2009-2010)]

4

Related Organizations to Municipal Wastewater Treatment(Various agencies and department engaged in wastewater sector)
Agency/Department

Ministry/City/Others

Type of Sanitation Facility

Yangon City Development
Committee

YangonSewerage, septic system, Pit latrine with slab
Activated sludge wastewater treatment plant

Naypyitaw City Development
Committee

Naypyitaw

Sewerage, septic system, Pit latrine with slab
Activated sludge wastewater treatment plant

Mandalay City Development
Committee

Mandalay

Water and Sanitation Division
Building Department

Construction

Department of Development
Affairs

BorderAffairs

Septic tank system , Pit latrine with slab

Environmental Sanitation Division
Department of Health

Health andSports

Systematic latrine Construction

Septic tank system, Pit latrine with slab
Septic tank system

5

SEWAGE SYSTEM OF YANGON

6Status of Sewage Treatment in Yangon CityTreatment facility

Percentage of population (%)

Conventional Sewerage System

7.3 %Septic Tank System

18.4%

Pour Flush System

28.0%

Fly Proof Latrines

18.0%

Unsanitary Latrine

28.0%

No Latrine

0.3%
7

Source – YCDC

Situation of Sewerage and Wastewater Treatment Plant in Yangon

Sewage Treatment Plant
8Sewerage System

Sewerage System

Wastewater treatment plant
Air compressor station
Total length of sewer pipe lineSewage ejectors

9- (10.75) km(12"CI to 36"CI Pipe)- (35) Nos

Disposal of Sewage into the river without any treatment before proposed
Sewage Treatment Plant

10Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Plant
Year of Establishment- 12th April 2003
Year of Completion- 17th January 2005
Volume of Daily Treatable sewage- 3.25 MGD
Developer- Myanmar
Engineers of Yangon City Development Committee
Cost of Project - USD0.96 Millions+ (Myanmar Kyat -2065.7 Millions)
Areas of Plant- 5.56 Acres
Design Criteria:
Design population- 300,000
Daily wastewater discharge- 14775 m3/dayBOD influent- 600mg / l
BOD effluent- 20-40 mg / l
Suspended solid influent- 700 mg / l
Suspended solid effluent- 40 mg / l
11Long Term Plan for Yangon City12

SEWAGE SYSTEM OF NAYPYITAW

13

EXISTING SEWERAGE SYSTEM IN NAY PYI TAW• 20% of new constructed area of Nay Pyi Taw using sewage
treatment plant (Aerobic System)• 80% using Septic Tank (Anaerobic System) and Pit Latrinewith slab
• Sewage collection is combined system• Sewer pipes are directly connected with waste water
treatment plant14Using Sewage System w.r.t Quarter
SrQuarter

Population

Sewage System

1Mingalr Thaikdi

5972

Central System

2

BawagaThaikdi5252

Separate System

3Pyinnyar
Thaikdi8239

Separate System

4

Zayya Thaikdi

3700

Separate System

5Dana
Thaikdi7994

Separate System

6

Bala
Thaikdi7632

Separate System

7

NyarnaThaikdi8537

Separate System

8ThukaThaikdi5548

Separate System

9

Wanna
Thaikdi8915

Separate System

Total

61789

SEWAGE SYSTEM OF NAYPYITAW MINGALARTHAIKDI
15QUARTER

Source – NCDC

Activated Sludge Process

Influent QualityBiochemical Oxygen Demand

250mg/lit(BOD,20°C)
Suspended Solids (SS)

220mg/lit

Total Organic Carbon (TOC)160mg/lit

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 500mg/lit
Effluent Quality
Biochemical Oxygen Demand20mg/lit(BOD,20°C)
Suspended Solids (SS)

30mg/lit

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 60mg/lit
16SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT IN NAYPYITAWGRIT CHAMBER (INLET OF SEWAGE
TREATMENT PLANT)AERATION TANK OF SEWAGE
TREATMENT PLANT
17

EQUALIZATION TANK FOR
SEWAGE COLLECTIONAERATION TANKTREATED WATER COLLECTION OR
RETENTION POND

18Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System in Myanmar
Septic Tank and Soak Pit

19

Comparison of Septic Tank System
Conventional
Septic Tank

SewageTreatment Plant

Jokasou

ForBlack Water

Black & Gray Water

Process

Anaerobic+(Under Seepage)

Anaerobic+
Aerobic

Treated water(BOD)

100-150 mg/l

<20 mg/l

20-50 mg/l

Construction
Period

Short

Short

MiddleElectricity

No NeedAdministrator

Homeowner( Individuality)

Individual or
Municipality

Municipality

Suitable area

Area of scatteredpopulation

Area of scatteredpopulation

Urban area

NeedSource-http://www.slideshare.net/dsbigornia/johkasou-20COMMITTEE FOR QUALITY CONTROL OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGCONSTRUCTION PROJECTSGUIDELINE III
GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS RELATED TO SANITARY WORKS
1. To provide bearing capacity of soil at site of construction, where required, for thedesign and construction of reservoirs, water treatment plant and waste watertreatment plant. (M)2. To provide information on the type of soil at site of construction, preferably withrespect to the AASHO soil classification. (R)
3. To provide result of Percolation Test where required. (R)21Sanitation (CQHP Guideline)
Sanitation
1. Spent Water (R)1-1

Spent water contribution should be based on water demand as given in para. 1-1,Guideline IV. It is recommended that at least 90% of the water consumed will bedischarged as spent water.
1-1-1 Spent water consists of soil and waste water.Table1, Appendix (R)1-1-1-1 Soil water is the spent water from WCs and urinals.
1-1-1-2 Waste water is the spent water from basins, kitchen sink, and bath rooms.
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2. Soil Water Treatment and Disposal (M)2-1

Soil water shall be treated before being discharged into a water course or public drain.

2-2

The effluent quality of the treated soil water shall conform to the following:

2-3

BOD

50 mg/l(maximum)

COD

100 mg/l(maximum)SS

50 mg/l(maximum)

Soil water discharged into YCDC sewer shall be treated to the following effluent
quality:
BOD

150 mg/l(maximum)

COD

200 mg/l(maximum)SS

150 mg/l(maximum)
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Note : BOD value refers to 5-day incubation period at 20° C.

2-4

A permit shall be obtained from Pollution Control and Cleansing Department, YCDC, forthe discharge of treated soil water.

2-5

Effluent of treated soil water shall be disinfected with chlorine or by any other approved
method where required.

2-6

Where effluent is chlorinated, the residual chlorine shall be between 0.0 and 0.1 mg/l.

3. Waste Water Disposal
3-1

Waste water from residences may be discharged directly into public drain. (R)

3-2

However, waste water from kitchen sinks of restaurant shall first be discharged into agrease trap before its disposal into public drain. (M)3-3

Waste water is prohibited from being discharged into YCDC sewer.(M)3-4

A permit shall be obtained from Pollution Control and Cleansing Department, YCDC,
before waste water is disposed of into public drain. (M)24

Challenges

Sanitation activity is not yet priority
Weakness in water and sanitation sector are limited
manpower and technical supporting
Budget limitation
Difficulty in the change of awareness to practice amongcommunities
Less Sustainability due to low cost technology
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Concluding Remarks

Myanmar has reasonable coverage for sanitation
Capacity development for key players such as water professions fromdifferent agencies, users , local authorities stakeholder , is prerequisite , sothat all stakeholders need to encourage integrated approach, help in
addressing other sector problems
To set up the Subsidy system for homeowner leading to appropriate
wastewater treatment system
So, law enforcement is also essential for implement more comprehensive
formation of municipal wastewater treatment and could be more effective
and useful for the country
26

THANK YOU27

FOR YOUR TIME & INTEREST