WEPA Workshop on Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Introduction of WEPA andWorkshop Objectives
Tetsuo Kuyama
Manager(Water Resource Management)/NRE
Institute for Global Environment Strategies (IGES)WEPA Workshop on Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Today’s Presentation• Introduction of WEPA
• Past Activities on Domestic
Wastewater Treatment in Asia

• Focus points for Today’s Workshop
Tetsuo Kuyama

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

14 November 2013 WEPA Workshop on Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

2WEPA Workshop on Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

WEPA (Water Environment Partnership in Asia)

Knowledge Sharing for Solution Finding
Water
Environmental
Management
Review

DomesticWastewater
Treatment

Tetsuo Kuyama

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

ClimateChange andWater
Environment

14 November 2013 WEPA Workshop on Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

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WEPA Workshop on Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

WEPA Partner Countries
WEPA consists of partners in

13 Asian countries

1. Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (Sri Lanka)
2. Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (Nepal)
3. Japan (Japan)
4. Kingdom of Cambodia (Cambodia)
5. Kingdom of Thailand (Thailand)
6. Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR)
7. Malaysia (Malaysia)
8. People's Republic of China (China)
9. Republic of Indonesia (Indonesia)
10. Republic of Korea (Republic of Korea)
11. Republic of the Philippines (Philippines)
12. Socialist Republic of Viet Nam (Viet Nam)
13. Union of Myanmar (Myanmar)

Tetsuo Kuyama

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

14 November 2013 WEPA Workshop on Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

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WEPA Workshop on Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Past Activities in Domestic Wastewater Treatment
Workshop in Hanoi

FY2009• Current situation and issues on domestic wastewater
treatment in capital city were shared

Output

Questionnaire Survey

FY2010• Review of national policy for domestic wastewater treatment• Hot spot identification• Collection of good practices on domestic wastewater management (mainlyproject‐level)

Workshop in Manila

FY2011• Good practices (Strategic/programmatic level of experience) on
domestic wastewater treatment were shared at Workshop in Manila

Workshop in Siem Reap

FY2012

Tetsuo Kuyama• Good practices of Decentralized Domestic Wastewater
Treatment in Asia were shared at Workshop in Siem Reap.
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

14 November 2013 WEPA Workshop on Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

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Methodology for Domestic Wastewater Treatment
CentralizedTreatment

Cluster
Treatment

On‐siteTreatment

Wastewatercollection andtreatment system for
more than two
communities(sewerage treatmentplant)

Wastewater collectionand treatment system
for two or morehouseholds but lessthan an entire
community (such ascommunity basedtreatment plant)

Treatment system tocollect, treat anddischarge domestic
wastewater fromindividual households
without the use ofcommunity‐wide sewers

Tetsuo Kuyama

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp(such as septic tank,Johkasou)

14 November 2013 WEPA Workshop on Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

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WEPA Workshop on Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Centralized Treatment Facility in WEPA Countries

Beijing

KathmanduUrumqi(1 million m3/day :Activated Sludge)(16 thousands m3/day:Oxidation Ditch)(10 thousands m3/day:Oxidation Ditch)

JakartaSuphan Buri

HCMC

(45 thousands m3/day:Oxidation Pond)(11 thousands m3/day:(30 thousands m3/day:Oxidation Pond)

Tetsuo Kuyama

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

Stabilization pond)

14 November 2013 WEPA Workshop on Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

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WEPA Workshop on Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Centralized Treatment Coverage in WEPA Countries

Sewerage Treatment
Coverage(Black Water and GreyWater)

8060

Less than

405%20
Sri Lanka(2010)

Laos(2010)

Cambodia(2010)

Indonesia(2010)

Nepal(2010)

Myanmmer(2010)

Philippine(2010)

Vietnam(2010)

Thailand(2008)

Malaysia(2010)**China(2010)*Japan(2010)

0Korea(2009)

Sewerage Treatment Coverage （％）

100*Chinese data is only for urban area**Except in Saba h and Sawawak
provinceCountry(Year)

Service coverage ratio of sewerage treatment in WEPA countries
Tetsuo Kuyama

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

14 November 2013 WEPA Workshop on Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

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Possibility of Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

CentralizedTreatment

ClusterTreatment

On‐siteTreatment

Wastewatercollection andtreatment system for
more than twocommunities(sewerage treatmentplant)

Wastewater collection
and treatment system
for two or morehouseholds but lessthan an entire
community (such ascommunity based
treatment plant)

Treatment system tocollect, treat anddischarge domestic
wastewater fromindividual households
without the use ofcommunity‐wide sewers

Tetsuo Kuyama

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp(such as septic tank,Johkasou)

14 November 2013 WEPA Workshop on Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

9WEPA Workshop on Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Diversity in Methodology of Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia
Common Facility (There is no toilet and kitchen
in individual households)

Cluster Treatment （各家屋にはトイレ、キッチン等なし）(Common facilitytype)

Examples:
MCK++(Indonesia)

Example:Cluster Treatment(sewerage type)

Decentalized
domestic
wastewater
treatment(China)

On‐siteTreatment
オンサイト処理(BlackandGrey（合併浄化槽）
Water)

On‐siteTreatment(Black Water)

Example:Johkasou (Japan)

Example:Septic(Thailand)

Tetsuo Kuyama

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

14 November 2013 WEPA Workshop on Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Tank10WEPA Workshop on Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Diversity in Responsible Entity for Construction and Operation

LocalGovernment[Example]••

Construction and operation of decentralized domestic wastewater treatment in ChinaConstruction and operation of cluster domestic wastewater treatment in Thailand[Examples]Privatecompany/developer•

Construction and operation of small scale domestic wastewater treatment facility inMalaysia (Developer/IWK)• Construction and operation of small scale domestic wastewater treatment facility inManila (Manila Water and Manilad)[Examples]
Community

Individualperson (houseowner)

Tetsuo Kuyama• Construction and operation community based domestic wastewater treatment plant inIndonesia(SANIMAS)[Examples]•

Installation and operation of on‐site domestic wastewater treatment (Johkasou) inJapan• Installation and operation of septic tank in Thailand and Manila

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

14 November 2013 WEPA Workshop on Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

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WEPA Workshop on Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Objective of Workshop
To share experiences on promotion and management ofDecentralized Wastewater Treatment
System(Technology/Management) among WEPA member
counties as well as discuss the future possibility of decentralized domestic
wastewater treatment in Asia.

Day 1(13 November)

Day 2(14 November)
Tetsuo Kuyama

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp• Kubota Workshop: Johkasou (Japanese on‐site domestic wastewater treatment system)• WEPA Workshop: SANIMAS (Communitybased domestic wastewater treatment systemin Indonesia) + Cases in Thailand and Vietnam
14 November 2013 WEPA Workshop on Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

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WEPA Workshop on Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Uniqueness of the Workshop• Jointly hosted by Kubota Cooperationand WEPA under different MOEJ’s project• Workshop + Site Visit(Johkasou and SANIMAS)• Selected Countries(Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam +Japan)
Tetsuo Kuyama

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

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WEPA Workshop on Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Day 2 : Agenda in the morning session
Introduction of decentralized domestic wastewater management
system in Indonesia (Ministry of Public Works)

Introduction of SANIMAS (B.E.S.T)
Introduction of cluster domestic wastewater treatment system in
Nakhon Ratcahsima municipality (Nakhon Ratcahsima municipality)

Legal Framework for decentralized domestic wastewater treatment inVietnam (Ministry of Construction)

Technology applied in decentralized domestic wastewater treatment
in Vietnam (National University of Civil Engineering )Tetsuo Kuyama

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

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WEPA Workshop on Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Day 2 : Site visit in the afternoon session

We arenow here

Tetsuo Kuyama

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

SANIMASsite

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WEPA Workshop on Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Focus Points• To understand the difference(performance, cost, required
legal framework) in different
system/country.

• Possible system in your country
considering natural and socio‐

economic conditions.
Tetsuo Kuyama

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

14 November 2013 WEPA Workshop on Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

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WEPA Workshop on Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia

Thank you for your participation

Tetsuo Kuyama

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

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