Water Pollution Control in Indonesia

By: Dr. Budi Kurniawan
Head of Division of Infrastructure and ServiceDeputy For Pollution ControlMinistry of Environment of Indonesia

OUTLINE PRESENTATION• WATER POLLUTION CONTROL POLICY IN INDONESIA• WATER QUALITY AND WATER POLLUTION SOURCES• STATE OF PRIORITY RIVER BASIN AND WATERSHED IN
INDONESIA• WATER POLLUTION CONTROL REGULATION, STRATEGY AND
PROGRAMME• WHAT DO WE HAVE TO BE DONE IN THE FUTURE

MAIN OBJECTIVE – MID‐TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN
2015‐2019• Environment : To Improve environmental quality andsustainable development• Main Target of Environmental Protection and Managament:
Indicator

Baseline 2014

Environmental
63,0‐63,0Quality Index
Green House Gas
15,5%Emission Reduction

Target 201966,5‐68,526%

(POLICY DIRECTION)
Food, Energy and Water Security• Water Security
1. To Ensure the fullfilment of need and water quality
insurance for people daily life
2. To meet water need for social and productive economic
3. To increase people resilient in lowering the risk of water
hazard force including climate change
Indicator

Baseline 2014

Target 2019

National Capacityof Drinking water
source51,44 m3/sec118,6m3/sec

Irigation availability 11from Dams

20

MID‐TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN
2015‐2019
Acceleration of Infrastructure Development
INDICATORBASELINE 20142019

Access of Appropriate
Drinking Water

70100

Appropriate Sanitation

60100

Environmental Index Profile in Indonesia per Province(2011‐2013)

Environmental Index Classification
PoorModerateGood

River water Quality Monitoring Result inIndonesia, 2013
WATER QUALITY MONITORING RESULT IN 2013
(411 Sampling Points)
1,73%

0,49%

22,52%

Heavy Polluted
Moderate Polluted
75,25%

Slighty Polluted
Meet The Standard

Catagory of Enterprises, (National Statistic 2012)
Catagory of Enterprises

60,000,000
50,000,000
40,000,000
30,000,000
20,000,000
10,000,0000•Employment= 97,3%•PDB = 37,81%•Water Pollution=2,3 millions ton

Micro and Small Enterprises

Number
52,723,470

Medium and Large Company45,810

Water Pollution Control in 5 River Basin Priority in Indonesia (Musi,Citarum, Ciliwung, Brantas, Barito)

MAP OF MUSI RIVER

Budi Kurniawan

10Existing and The Standard of BOD Concentration inMusi River
65

Pollutant Load Reduction 9,09 %, Regency ofBanyuasin,55,67% Palembang City43210050100

150200250

Konsentrasi BOD (mg/L)

300350400

Daya Tampung BOD (mg/L)

Budi Kurniawan

450500550600650

BOD Observasi

11SEGMENTASION OF CITARUM RIVERWATER QUALITY (BOD and COD) OF
CITARUM RIVER 2013

Pollution Load And TMDL in Citarum River, 2012

Segment

Segmen 1
Segmen 2
Segmen 3
Segmen 4
Segmen 5
Segmen 6
Segmen 7
Segmen 8
Segmen 9
Total

Existing Pollution
Load(kg/hari)
267.827,90
44.003,52
99.495,65
5.175,36
334.687,68
5.184,00
67.495,68
85.536,00
57.075,84966.481,63

Percentage ofNeededNeeded ReductionReduction
TMDL(kg/hari)
11.219,90
6.861,72
8.177,93
1.011,05
82.198,54
2.695,68
9.266,23
14.307,84
13.169,43
148.908,33(kg/hari)
256.608,00
37.141,80
91.317,72
4.164,31
252.489,14
2.488,32
58.229,45
71.228,16
43.906,41
817.573,31

%
95,81
84,41
91,78
80,46
75,44
48,00
86,27
83,2776,93
Avarege :80,26

Current
Water
Quality

Target
Water
Quality

No ClassIII

DKI
Jakarta

No ClassII

Depok

IVII

Kab. Bogor

IVIIKota Bogor

IVIIKab. Bogor

IVI

District

DKI
Jakarta

Water Quality Categories ofCiliwung River15

Existing and The Standard of BOD Concentration in Ciliwung
River, 2012

Pollution Load And TMDL in Ciliwung River, 2012

Segment

Existing Pollution
LoadContribution

TMDL

NeededReduction(kg/day)(%)(kg/day)(kg/day)

Hulu (Kab.Bogor)

620

1645

Kab.Bogor 1

810

2378

432

Kota Bogor

65065

0

Kab.Bogor 2

921

2921

0

Kota Depok

6.193

13327

5.866

Jakarta 1

21.03945

3.587

17.453

Jakarta 2

17.280371.728

15.552

Total

46.371100

7.023

39.348

Pollution Sources in 5 River basin (Musi, Citarum, Ciliwung,Brantas, Barito)
0.03%
7.24% 0.27%

1.34%
Waste Water FromHousehold

1.56%

Livestock
Agriculture

15.54%
Industry

54.69%
19.33%

Hotel
Hospital
Solid waste
Small Scale Industry

Estimated Budget of Water Pollution Control Measures for in 5
River basin (Musi, Citarum, Ciliwung, Brantas, Barito)

River Basin

US Dollar
Budget 5 years

Budget 10 years

Musi

101.548.253

203.096.507

Citarum

503.764.393

1.007.528.785

Ciliwung

1.101.858.982

2.203.717.964

Brantas717.698.836

1.435.397.672

Barito105.729.792211.459.583

Total

2.530.600.256

5.061.200.512

9 Priority Watershed in Java Island

Ciliwung

Sumber: PPEJ, 2013

Evaluated Components and Method
No
1.

2.

3.

4.

Components

MethodWater‐ River Water Quality

Compared to Water Quality Standard
Class II

‐ Water availability

Ratio demand and supplay

Air‐ Ambient Air Quality

Compared to ambent air quality
standard‐ Air Pollution Control

Ratio vegetation cover to population

Land‐ Vegetation CoveragePrecentage of vegetation coverage towatershed area

‐ Lahan kritis

Precentage of ctitical land towatershed area

Biodiversity

Precentage of vegetation coveragearea to protected area

Evironmental Quality Index in 9 Priority Watershed in JavaCitarum

Ciliwung

B SoloCimanuk

BrantasProgo

Cisadane

SerayuCitandu
y1

23

45678

9EQI

39.63

42.13

44.59

46.28

46.88

47.44

51.53

58.01

62.43

Catagory

poor

Moderate

Moderate

Watershed

Moderate Moderate

Moderate

Moderate ModerateGoodCURRENTLY APPLIED RESEARCH FOR POLICY MAKING•••

Development of water quality
standard including setting ofdesignated use, classification andnumerical criteria
Development of water pollution andquality index
Development of Total Maximum Daily
Load (TMLD) Implementation of TMDL for
Effluent Discharge Permit Implementation of TMDL for
spatial management
consideration
 Implementation of TMDL forwater pollution control policy

Application of Stream based water
quality modeling• Metode of Pollution Source Inventory Point source Non point source• Development of effluent standard
from various sources• Development of WWTP Technology
for domestic source and small scale
enterprises• Economic valuation for waterpollution•

REGULATION BACKGROUND:WATER POLLUTION CONTROL




Act No. 23 of 1997 on Environmental Management, Act No. 7 of 2004 on Water Resources, require allparties to involve in water pollution control
Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001 on Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control
establishes the framework for implementation of water pollution control, including aspects of prevention,protection and recovery.
Act No. 18 of 2003 on Solid Waste Management
The most recent Act No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management was enacted onOctober 3-th, 2009, Article 54 (2):recovery of environmental function shall be done by:(a) discontinuation of source of pollution and cleaning of pollutant;(b) remediation;(c) rehabilitation;(d) restoration; and/or(e) other measures in accordance with scientific and technological developments.
In addressing the global warming and climate change issues in Indonesia, Article 57 (4) of the Act
mandate the preservation of atmosphere function shall cover: (a) mitigation and adaptation to climatechange; (b) protection of ozone layer; (c) protection against acid rain.
MOE Decree for Effluent Standard of various sources: Concentration and Maximum Load
Permit System: Effluent Standard  Concentration and Maximum Load26

PROGRAMS: PROPER, PROKASIH, CO-BENEFIT APPROACH, ADIPURA AND
OTHER COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMEN MECHANISM
PROPER (Program for Pollution Evaluation and Performance Rating):
Scheme: Disclosure  Compliance Improvement
Target: Point Source (Corporate), Listed on Stock Exchange,
Export Product Oriented, Significant Impact to the Environment
Aspect: Water & Air Pollution Control, Hazardous Waste Mgt.
INTENSIVE
MONITORING &INSPECTION:
Scheme:Compliance
Improvement &Emission Load Reduction
Target:Subject (InstitutionalSource)
not covered byPROPERand PROKASIH
Aspect: Water & Air
Pollution

PROGRAM FORCOMPLIANCE
IMPROVEMENTAND EMISSION LOAD
REDUCTION“CO‐BENEFIT APPROACH Emission Load Reduction
and GHG Mitigation

PROKASIH (CLEAN
RIVER PROGRAM)
Scheme: Compliance
Improvement andEmission Load
Reduction
Target: Institutional
Source, Small &Medium Scale
Enterprises,
Domestic Waste.

27

PROPERASPECTSRATINGAPPROACH

WATER POLLUTION
MARINE & COASTAL POLLUTIONBLACK

AIR POLLUTION
HAZARDOUSE WASTE MGTRED

EIABLUEEnd of Pipe

Env. Mgt System
Natural Resources Efficiency
Community Development

GREEN

Eco Efficiency(Reduce, Reuse, Recycle &Recovery)

GOLD
28

PROKASIH=CLEAN RIVER PROGRAM
AN INTEGRATED WATER POLLUTION CONTROLTO REDUCE EMISSION LOAD
EMISSION LOAD
REDUCTION FROMVARIOUS SOURCES

PROKASIH

AN INTEGRATEDWATER POLLUTIONCONTROLMECHANISM

Strengthening thelocal government
capacities in waterpollution control

EMISSION LOAD
REDUCTION
OVER PERIODOF TIME

Improvement ofstakeholders
participation inwater pollution
control
INCENTIVE &29
DISINCENTIVE

Policy Tools
POLICY TOOLS

Command & Control

Public Service Facility

Guidance / Technical AssistanceEffluent Standard

Tecnical Gudelines

EIA, Economic Instrument
PermitCompliance
Supervision,
Law Enforcement

Public Toilet &Sewerage
Treatment Plant

Dissemination
TechnicalAssistance
ModelSewerageTreatment
SystemSolid waste management

30

WHAT DO WE HAVE TO BE DONE?
1. FORMULATION OF NATIONAL POLICY AND
PROGRAMME IN RIVER RESTORATION
2. DEVELOPMENT OF CRITERIA, STANDARD
INFORMATION SYSTEM AND TECHNICALGUIDANCE IN RIVER RESTORATION

Criteria of quick wins :•Measureable progress in short/medium term•“Real effect” according to public perception
Proposed quick wins :1.River clean‐up integrated program
2.River/watershed ecosystem restoration/rehabilitation

SCOPE OF COOPERATION WITH
OTHER COUNTRIES THAT NEED VARIOUS EXPERTISE SUPPORT•••••Development of criteria, standard, technical guidance and reliable
information system
Development of monitoring and Evaluation system
Develop an integrated action plan in river restoration
Capacity Building related to integrated river restoration
Case study work in a selected segment of river that integrate all aspects
related to river restoration such as: cause effect analysis, modeling,strategic communication and community empowerment, economic
valuation and formulation needed regulation

NEEDED RESEARCH FOR WATER PROTECTION AND
MANAGEMENT IN THE FUTURE••Development of more approppriate
water quality standard including
setting of designated use,classification and numerical criteria
Development of watershed basedmodeling for Total Maximum Daily
Load (TMLD) Implementation of TMDL for
Effluent Discharge Permit Implementation of TMDL for
spatial management
consideration
 Implementation of TMDL for
treadable effluent discharge
permit Implementation of TMDL forwater pollution control policy

Metode of watershed based Pollution
Source Inventory Point source Non point source• Development of effluent/emission
factor• Development of effluent standard
from various sources• Development of Best Management
Practices for Non Point source
pollution control• Development of 4 R method andtechnology for various pollution
sources• Development of Integrated model
coupling physical and economicmodel•

NEEDED RESEARCH FOR WATER PROTECTION AND
MANAGEMENT IN THE FUTURE (continue)
••

•

•

•

Development of composit index ofwater availability and quality
Development of method of cause‐
effect analysis for environmental
forensic using remote sensing,numerical modeling and isotop tracer
Development of criteria, standard,monitoring and evaluation for riverrestoration
Development of soil and sedimentquality standard including setting ofdesignated use, classification andnumerical criteria
Development of method of polluted
soil remediation including criteria,standard, monitoring and evaluation

••

•

••

Development of groundwater quality
standard including setting ofdesignated use, classification andnumerical criteria
Development of method of polluted
groundwater remediation including
criteria, standard, monitoring andevaluation
Development of method of
conjuctive of groundwater andsurface water including criteria,
standard, monitoring and evaluation
Development of method andstandard of reclaimed water
Development of decisison support
system using varius tools

THANK YOU VERY MUCH