Presentation forWater Environmental
Governance/Management and Future
Challenges of Thailand
By
Thiparpa Yolthantham

Pollution Control Department (PCD)
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

Inland Water Quality
Monitoring 620 General Monitoring Stations
 39 Automatic Monitoring Stations2

620 General Monitoring
Stations

 48 Rivers

Sampling frequently
2-4 times annually

General Monitoring Sampling Stations

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Main Parameter Which Cause Water
Quality Deteriorated( DO)( NH3 )
(BOD)

12%14%(TCB)

46%

14%14%(FCB)

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Problems Concern With Water
Quality and Wastewater
Management

Inland Water Quality :During the last 10 years, several environmental
quality standard (EQS) have been established tocontrol effluent quality emission to recipients.
It is still difficult for entrepreneurs andagriculturists to comply with EQS.
 Sectors such as factories, real estates,
condominium, hotels, department stores,restaurants, fresh food markets are more capable
to follow EQS
5Historical trend of water pollution(Cont.)
The Comparison of Water Quality :• Revealed that the water quality in the deteriorated level
was likely to be increasing while fair water quality waslikely to be decreasing.

• the good water condition was changing and remained
more or less the same.

• Parameters reflecting deterioration of most water
resources are high coli form bacteria contaminations, highBOD and ammonia levels, and low DO levels.
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Sources of Water Pollution

Domestic : 1,687 Municipalities,
 6,089 LAOs,
Approximately 14 M m3/d

Industry : >120,000 factories
 Approximately 2.8 M m3/d

Agriculture :Pig farm+ Aquaculture (Point source) 0.1 M m3/d
Paddyfield ( Non Point source)

150 M m3/d
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Types of existing technologies ofwastewater treatment facilities inThailand
Constructed (CW)

2% ( 2 Plants)
Activated Sludge( AS)

Rotating BiologicalContactor (RBC)
1% (1 Plant )ระบบบ่อปรับเสถียpondร SPStabilizationระบบสระเต
ALAeratedิ มอากาศLagoonsระบบแอ็
กทิเวเต็Sludgeดสลัดจ์ AS
Activated36% ( 36 Plants)ระบบบึงประดิษฐ์wetland
CW
Constructedระบบแผ่นหมุ
นชีวภาพ RBC
RBC

Aerated Lagoon(AL)

16% (16 Plants)

Stabilization Pond(SP)45 % (46 Plants)

Policy on
Water Pollution Control

9Bring Back Better
Natural Water resources
 Reduce waste at pollution sources by the simple
technologies (Ex. Grease Trap and On-sitetreatment) Rehabilitate the existing municipal wastewater
facilities Construct new wastewater treatment systemusing appropriate technology
 Polluter Pay Principal (PPP)10Wastewater Management Measures Law Regulation and Enforcement Measures
 The Enhancement and Conservation of National

Environmental Quality Act, B.E. 2535 (NEQA 1992)
 Water Quality Standards : Ambient Water Quality Standards
 Effluent Standards
 Other Laws
 Management Measures :Monitor and Evaluate Water Quality in Water sources
Pollution Control Zone : Investment Measures :Establish Wastewater Treatment Facilities
11Law Regulation and Enforcement Measures

 The Enhancement and Conservation of National

Environmental Quality Act, B.E. 2535 (NEQA 1992)

 Main Principle :Polluter Pays Principle (PPP)
Penalty/Damaged environment compensation
Pollution Control Area (8 areas)
Monitoring
Water Quality standards
Effluent Standards

Law Regulation and Enforcement Measures (cont.)

Ambient Water quality standards :• Surface Water Quality Standards B.E. 2537 (1994)• Coastal Water Quality Standards B.E. 2537 (1994)• Groundwater Quality Standards B.E. 2543 (2000)

Effluent standard•••••

Buildings Effluent Standards B.E. 2537 (1994)
Housing Estates Effluent Standards B.E. 2539 (1996)
Industrial Effluent Standards B.E. 2539 (1996)
Pig Farm Effluent Standards B.E. 2544 (1991)
Gas Station Effluent Standard and Oil Terminal Effluent
Standards B.E. 2545 (2002)

Law Regulation and Enforcement Measures (cont.)Other laws related to water pollution control• The Factories Act B.E. 2535 (1992)• The Public Health Act B.E. 2535 (1992)• The Public Cleansing Act B.E. 2535 (1992)• Determining Plans and Process of Decentralization
to Local Government Organization Act B.E.2542 (1999)• Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand Act B.E. 2522 (1979)• Building Control Act B.E. 2522(1979) and B.E. 2535 (1992)

Current Constraints and Challenges
in Meeting the Unmeet Domestic
Wastewater Management and Urban
Drainage in Thailand The current constraints : Many urban communities lack appropriate

domestic wastewater management
 The communities and people still lackunderstanding in wastewater problem andawareness to protect the environment
 The local administration organizations are still
unable to manage domestic wastewater Lack of budget for construction of the newwastewater collection system and wastewater
facilities

Thank you
Contact…

Water Quality Management
Pollution Control Department
thiparpa.y@pcd.go.th
O-pcd@hotmail.com•

Tel. +66 -2-2982232
Fax. +66 -2-2982255