Yokohama City Action Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures

City of Yokohama

October, 2018

Global Warming Current Situation
and National and International Actions
What causes Global Warming?
Carbon Dioxide, the most abundant of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere, is generated when fossil fuels such as oil, coal,and natural gas are burned. These GHGs keep the atmosphere at the optimum temperature for humans to live. However, if the GHGs
concentration increases too much, the balance of temperature on Earth is broken and the atmospheric temperature begins to rise. In thelast 100 years, the global average temperature has increased by 0.7 °C, while Japan’s average temperature has increased by 1.14 °C.
6.0°C

Towards stricter measures against global warming
4.0°C

Past Period Model Result

If no measures are taken

RCP 2.6(RCP8.5)
2.6~4.8°C rise

RCP 8.5

2.0°C

Atmospheric temperature
is currently rising
0.0°C

If measures are taken(RCP2.6)
0.3~1.7°C rise

-2.0°C
1950

2000

2050

2100

Source: Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC, Working Group I Report: Summary for Policymakers (Japanese Translation). Figure SPM.7(a)※(Captions were added to the figure)To prevent these changes in climate and their related damages, it is necessary

Mitigation
Measures

Suppressing the emission of GHGs causing global warming
Measure Example

Energy saving measures, introduction of renewable energy

Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures

Japan’s Legal Frame
International Framework
2

Long Term Low Emission
Development Strategy( Long term strategy )( Required to be formulated by the year 2020 )The preparation of this strategy is arequirement for the countries that
ratified the Paris Agreement. It is a
strategy to set a pathway for global
warming countermeasures aiming
at the year 2050.

Law that aims at the prevention of global warming, and defines the responsibility and role of the nation, local
government, companies, and citizens within that frame. ( Promulgation: October, 1998. Revised in May, 2016 )Government

Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures ( Cabinet Approval: May, 2016)

Plan created according to article 8, paragraph 1 of the Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures Act. It is
Japan’s plan to promote global warming countermeasures in an integrated and planned manner. The plan is basedon the Paris Agreement, adopted in the COP21 in December 2015, and Japan’s Intended Nationally Determined
Contribution (INDC) (Submitted to the Climate Change Framework Treaty Secretariat in July 2015), which was theprerequisite to the adoption of the Paris Agreement.

Local Govt.

Local Government Action Plan

( The preparation of regional plans for the suppression of GHGs emissions was made mandatory in the May, 2008 revision of the Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures )Plan created according to article 21 of the Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures Act . There are 2 typesof plans, those related to the suppression of GHGs emissions by offices and business work in the prefectures, cities
and villages ( Article 1 Paragraph 1), and those for the suppression of GHGs emission per region ( Article 21
paragraph 3 ).

Paris Agreement ( Adopted in December 2015, enforced in November 2016 )○ Replaces the Kyoto Protocol. New International Framework to reduce GHGs emissions from 2020 and on.
○ First time in history that all nations come together and fairly agree to participate.
○ Turning point to achieve balance between the anthropogenic GHGs emissions and removals by sinks of GHGs in the second
half of this century.
○ The 2 °C goal was set as worldwide common long-term goal. The need to pursue efforts to keep temperature rise at 1.5 °C
was also mentioned.
○ All participating nations, including the biggest emission contributors, submit and renew their reduction goals every 5 years.
○ All signatory nations create long-term strategies for economic development that allows reduction and elimination of GHGs emissions.
○ Each nation’s mitigation long-term goals, adaptation planning process and implementation, and adaptation reports are
submitted and periodically updated.

Reflection of
Scientific Knowledge

There is no longer doubt that global warming is happening. It is extremely probable thatwarming experienced from the last half of the 20th century is caused by anthropogenic activity.

Zero Carbon Yokohama

Yokohama City Action Planfor Global Warming Countermeasures

The effects of Global Warming are already becoming visible!
In recent years, natural disasters due to abnormal atmospheric phenomena such as hurricanes, heavy rains, draughts, andheatwaves, have been occurring worldwide. In Japan too, extreme weather phenomena such as powerful typhoons andheavy rains can be seen. As global warming progresses, these phenomena are expected to increase, and it is feared that
there will be health damages due to heat strokes, and enormous damages to crops.

Effects on Natural Disasters, Health, and Damages to Crops

Torrential Rains

Adaptation
Measures

Larger Typhoons

Heatstroke

Damages to Crops

Coping with the effects of climate change to minimize and avoid damages
Measure Example

Measures against wind and water damage, measures against heatstroke

Climate Change Adaptation Act
Law aiming at the adaptation to the effects of climate change. It defines the responsibility of the nation, local government bodies, businesses and citizens withinthat frame. (Promulgation: June, 2018)

Government

Climate Change Adaptation Plan (Cabinet Approval: November, 2018 )Plan according to the Climate Change Adaptation Act, article 7, paragraph 1. It promotes the creation of policies for adaptation to global warming in an integrated
and planned manner.
※Preceding the enactment of the Climate Change Adaptation Act, adaptation measures were already been promoted by the National Plan for Adaptation to the
Impacts of Climate Change that was formulated in November 2015.

Local Govt.

Regional Climate Change Adaptation Plan

Plan according to the Law for Climate Change Adaptation Act, article 3, paragraph 2. It states that the prefectures, cities and villages have to create a plan foradaptation to climate change, that answer to the natural, economic and social conditions of each region.

IPCC ( Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) Report
5th Assessment Report ( Released in 2013 ~ 2014)□ There is no doubt about the warming of the climate system.
□ In order to suppress climate change a major cut down of GHGs emissions is necessary.
Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C ( Released in 2018)□ Regional climate characteristics ( temperature, precipitations, etc. ) differences between present-day andglobal warming of 1.5 °C, and between 1.5 °C and 2 °C.
□ A large portion of the effects of climate change can be avoided by keeping global warming at 1.5 °C instead of 2 °C.

3Specific Innitiatives Undertaken by Yokohama City
CASE

01

COOL CHOICE YOKOHAMA
Under the catch phrase “COOL CHOICE YOKOHAMA”, Yokohama city, in collaboration with each related entity, develop a new
movement for global warming countermeasures. In this movement, strategic PR and raising awareness projects is carried out tomake the selection of life styles, business models, products and services aimed at carbon neutrality, far more comfortable andabundant. In doing so, all related entities come together and advance with the city as one.

YES ( Yokohama Eco School )Under the brand of “Yokohama Eco School (YES)”, the municipality supports a learningplace that offers seminars and events about measures against global warming and eco
life-styles that are being put to practice by civil organizations, companies, universities andlocal authorities. Through YES, the city aims at ingraining in each citizen a lifestyle set
towards decarbonization.

CASE

02

Promotion of Low-Carbon Electricity Supply and Selection
Yokohama city will introduce a new system aimed at electricity retailers who supply electricity to
the city. Through this system, the electricity retailers will be required to provide information suchas their emission factors, and renewable energy introduction ratio. By making such information
publicly available, and by continuing to carry out raising awareness activities, the city will proceed
to create schemes that allow citizens and companies to actively choose low-carbon electricity.

Yokohama Smar t City Project ( YSCP)
Through the cooperation between Yokohama city and the
Yokohama Smart Business Association ( YSBA), the Yokohama
Smart City Project ( YSCP) implementation got started. The project
promotes measures such as the use of renewable and unusedenergy, decentralized and self-reliant electricity and heating, andenergy management of residences, buildings, and local areas.

Emergency Condition

Normal Condition

Discharge

Building a Virtual Power Plant ( VPP)
In order to respond to the electricit y demand peak, Yokohama cit y is pushing for ward
the construction of a “Virtual Power Plant (VPP)”, a system that brings together a large
number of storage batteries installed within the city, and uses them as one single
power generation plant. Through collaboration bet ween public entities studies will bedone for an urban VPP project that makes use of various resources inside the city, suchas public and private facilities, and the electric vehicle whose introduction is now
being promoted.

CASE

03

3 kWh~
Storage
Battery

Use during emergencies

Electric
Substation

ChargePromotion of Technology, Products, Financing and Investment for the Environment
Yokohama city will support efforts that contribute to cutting-edge technology for enhanced low carbon productivity, and efforts towards adaptation measures.
Also, the city will devise an industry-academia-government collaboration that makes use of the technical capabilities, AI, IoT, etc. of the companies andresearch organizations available in it’s jurisdiction. At the same time, the city will collaborate with financial institutions to plan researches, study groups, andcourses in small and medium size enterprises ,about environmental management in order to create and share information, and to promote investment.

Transition Towards a Decarbonized Economy
Yokohama city will continue to consider the mid and long term directionality to follow in order to realize the efforts towards carbon neutrality that are now required to respond to the global changes that have come along with the enforcement of the Paris Agreement. In light of
this, Yokohama city will foster policies that aim at carbon neutrality while improving the quality of life of its citizens and maintains and strengthens the competitiveness of businesses. At the same time, cooperation between academia and industry will continue in order to sort
fundamental information required for the transition towards a decarbonized economy that fits Yokohama city. The municipality will also focus on policies for investment promotion, regulations, market creation, among other measures that will foster sustainable innovation.

CASE

04

Utilization of Hydrogen Energy
Aiming at the realization of a society where hydrogen is used in everyday life
in all areas, such as industry, businesses, residences and transportation, thecity of Yokohama plans to actively introduce and utilize hydrogen energy
through cooperation between companies and the municipality.

Demonstration Project in Keihin Coastal Area
Yokohama city is carrying out a demonstration project to build a supply chain that utilizes hydrogen energy. The supply
chain concept consists in utilizing the wind power generated within the Yokohama City Wind Power Plant (Hama Wing)site for the electrolysis of water to produce CO2 free hydrogen, and to provide a storage and pressurization system.
Later, the hydrogen produced there will be carried in special vehicles to retailers, factories and warehouses located in
Yokohama and Kawasaki cities, and that have introduced fuel cell fork lifts and can make use of the hydrogen.

6

Electricity from
Renewable Energy

Hydrogen
Generation

Storage& Pressurization

Transportation

Utilization

New Installation at “Hama Wing”
Power Generation

Electricity Substation, Distribution panel, and Storage Facilities

Keihin Coastal Area
Hydrogen (H2)

Use ofone part
Electricity Substation(Installed)

Electricity Substation andDistribution Panel

Electricity
Storage System
Fuel Cell Forklifts

Yokohama Wind Power Plant“Hama Wing”
1980kW (Installed)

Electrolysis Device
Hydrogen
Generation
Equipment()

Hydrogen Storage
and Pressurization
Equipment

Hydrogen Pressurizer
Power Grid
Water (H2O)

Hydrogen (H2)Electrolysis Device

Hydrogen Storage Tank

• Fruits &vegetables
marketMobile Hydrogen
Supply Car• Refrigerated
warehouses• Logistics
warehousesZero Carbon Yokohama

Measures and policies will be unfolded and strengthen, related the long term measures set for the realization of Zero Carbon Yokohama,and 20 priority measures, set as mid-term measures that indicate particular actions to be taken from the present stage.

CASE

05

Yokohama City Action Planfor Global Warming Countermeasures

Smart Use of Renewable Energy
Regarding renewable energy (RE), along with the introduction of
RE for the city and local production-consumption, Yokohama city
is proceeding strategically to promote collaboration with otherregions and taking steps to strengthen the collaboration with thecompanies committed to RE100 located within the city.

Low
Renewable energy potential

Considering the Introduction of Renewable Energy Through Regional Cooperation
Yokohama City

It cannot be said the Yokohama city’s renewable energy potential is high. Along withplanning for the maximum possible RE introduction within the city, it is also necessary to
collaborate with regions that have abundant RE resources. The blue region shown in the
figure on the right, represents areas with high RE potential.

CASE

06

High

Low-Carbon City Planning in Areas
Regarding the urban central areas and suburbs model zones, Yokohama city willcontinue to plan the development of Environmental Model Zones that balance highly
convenient city functions and carbon reduction. The concept is to build and share among
all stakeholders a future vision based on the characteristics and natural environmentof the region. The zones will be developed focusing on the installation of full-scale
distributed and self-reliant electrical and heating energy among other measures.

ham
Minowacho Kaihatsu (Nomura Real State)a
Nor Ring
th-W Expest ress
Line way
Tsunashima SST(Panasonic, Nomura Real State Production Area)

Shin-Yokohama

Nissan Stadium

HazawaCASE

07

Hiyoshi
Tsunashima
Shin-Tsunashima Station(tentative name)

Setting and Development of Environmental Model Zones
The area comprised by Shin-Yokohama, Hiyoshi and Tsunashima districts will be set as a new
Environmental Model Zone. Yokohama city will cooperate with main stakeholders in the region, suchas companies and organizations, and will support the growth of the region from an environmental pointof view, while providing relevant information. Taking advantage of the incoming Rugby World Cup 2019and Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics 2020, the city will use the Environmental Model Zones efforts topromote externally the city as an “inland gateway that welcomes guests from all over the world”.

Minami Hiyoshi
Nursery School

YokoHazawa Station(tentative name)
Hazawa Station
Surrounding Area

Shin-Yokohama Station(tentative name)waaga
Kan stern
Ea t Linetric
Dis
Shin-Yokohama Station
Southern District

wa ineLaga
Kan istrictrn D
et
Shin-Tsunashima Stations
Ea
Surrounding Area
(District Cultural Center)

Yok
o

ham

aN

orth

Line

Environmental Model Zone focused on the Shin-Yokohama urban center, Hiyoshi, and Tsunashima districts

Strengthening the Adaptation Measures
The city will provide maintenance for agriculture and the natural environment, apply measures to handle damages from wind, floods, and mudslides, reduce heat strokes and infection
spreading risk. Overall, more effective measures in all fields will be promoted. At the same time, mitigation measures used so far, such as energy saving and power peak-cuts, willcontinue to be spread and applied by each related entity, serving also as measures to tackle the effect of climate change on energy demand and supply. Yokohama city will
promote the stimulation of industries related to adaptation measures inside the city. With this, the city aims at the creation of a virtuous cycle between environment and economy.

Use of Green Infrastructure
In recent years, local heavy rains as a result of climate change, the reduction of green spaces due of urban development, and the “heat island” phenomenon (specific to urban areas), are affecting
in many ways the livelihood of citizens and city functions. To adapt these climate change effects, the city will push forward cross-cut measures that make use of green infrastructure (percolation
boxes to store and percolate rainwater, use of parks, farmlands, and forests for storage and percolation of rainwater, and maintenance and refurbishing of planters and waterside posts).

CASE

08

Cooperation among Cities and International Information Dissemination
As the role of cities to tackle global warming ascends, strengthening all kind of collaborations, fromcity- local region networks to overseas cities networks, and sharing experiences and knowledge, is oftremendous importance. Yokohama city will continue to participate with entities such as the “Kyutokenshi”( National Capital Region Nine Government Summit Council ), ICLEI, and C40, to strengthen cooperation
between leading cities. Through international technical cooperation, and attendance to international
conferences, the city will establish global recognition, and lead the world in the field of environment.

Promoting Cooperation with Overseas Cities
In order to contribute to the solution of the global scale problem that global warming represents, in addition tocooperation with overseas cities, Yokohama city will participate in international technical cooperation, andattend international conferences, to establish global recognition, and lead the world in the field of environment.

7

SDGs FutureCity Yokohama

Zero Carbon Yokohama

Yokohama City Action Planfor Global Warming Countermeasures

SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals)
In September 2015, in the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development setting theinternational development goals by the year 2030, was adopted. The 2030 Agenda set the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
consisting of 17 goals and 169 targets aiming to solve worldwide problems from poverty, to climate change, biodiversity, energy, among
many other various issues that must be addressed in order to build a sustainable society.

SDGs FutureCity Yokohama

Realizing a city that creates new value and prosperity through its economy,
culture, and the arts, with the environment at its heart.

In order to solve the worldwide common problems that have arisen from the people’s livelihoods taken up by the SDGs, not only the country, but alsoworldwide entities are required to take initiative. Aiming to achieving the SDGs, regional vitalization and an attractive city planning, the government ofJapan identifies local governments that are currently carrying out cutting-edge efforts towards those goals. The national government selects these local
governments as “SDGs FutureCities”, and supports them in their efforts.

Project to Create a Yokohama - Type
“Major City Model” through “Collaboration”“YOKOHAMA SDGs Design Center”

Stakeholders in
YOKOHAMA

Business

YOKOHAMA SDGs
Design Center
Seeds·Needs

NPO

Simultaneous Solution“YOKOHAMA MODEL”
creation

Community action groups

Academia
Platforms

Yokohama City Climate Change Policy Headquarters,
Coordination Division

Innovation

Propose solutions

EconomySupplySociety

Environment

Yokohama City, Naka-Ku, Minato-Cho 1-1 TEL: 045-671-2623 FAX: 045- 663-5110
e-mail : on-chosei@city.yokohama.jp Yokohama Climate Change Policy Headquarters