SDGs and JICA activities related towastewater management
Preparation Workshop on
the Asia Wastewater Management Partnership(AWaP)
13 December 2017, Yangon MYANMAR

Mitsuo KITAGAWA
Senior Adviser
Japan International Cooperation Agency
1CONTENTS
I. MDGs to SDGs
II. SDGs and JICA activities
1. SDG 6.2, 6.3.1, 6.3.2
2. Pilot Study in Vietnam for Monitoring Methodology
3. Relationship between 6.3.1 & 6.3.2(Treated wastewater and Ambient Water Quality)
4. Example of Indicator(Sewered Population Rate similar to 6.3.1, WQS Annual Report:6.3.2)
5. Indicators for Policy Maker, Project Implementation Organizationand Citizen

III. Policy recommendation to achieve SDG 6.2, 6.3
IV. JICA’s Comprehensive Approach(Projects and Technical Corporation)
2

I. MDG to SDG
SDGs: Sustainable Development Goals
Following the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs),
the new SDGs guide development policy and funding for the next 15 years

3

I. MDGs to SDGs
SDGs: Sustainable Development Goals
Following the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs),
the new SDGs guide development policy and funding for the next 15 years

SDG 6.2 By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable
sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation,
paying special attention to the needs of women and girls
Indicator 6.2.1 Proportion of population using safely managed
sanitation services, including a hand-washingfacility with soap and water4

I. MDG to SDG
SDGs: Sustainable Development Goals
Following the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs),
the new SDGs guide development policy and funding for the next 15 years

SDG 6.3 By 2030, improve water quality
by reducing pollution,
eliminating dumping and minimizing release ofhazardous chemicals and materials,halving the proportion of untreated wastewater andsubstantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally
Indicator 6.3.1 Proportion of wastewater safety treated
Indicator 6.3.2 Proportion of bodies of water
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with good ambient water quality

Toward Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs）

Three pillars of JICA’s cooperation
1

JICA will realize “human security” and “quality growth” tocontribute to the peace, stability and prosperity of theinternational community. The SDGs accelerates and promotes
this cooperation philosophy so that JICA will proactively
contribute to achieving the goals with leadership.

2JICA will play a pivotal role in achieving the ten goals of the SDGs
making use of Japan’s own experience in socio-economic
development as well as in development cooperation.
[Ten goals: zero hunger, health, education, water/sanitation,energy, economic growth, industry/infrastructure, sustainable
cities, climate
actions, forests/biodiversity]

3

JICA will work to secure impact of cooperation on the SDGs
through utilizing Japan’s own knowledge, introducing
innovations and collaborating with local and international
partners in order to accelerate the achievement of the SDGs.
Source : http://www.mofa.go.jp/files/000107850.pdf

6

JICA’s Strategy for SDGs
Japan’s Development Cooperation Charter
World Peace, Stability and Prosperity

Human Security, Quality Growth1

Basic concept of Japan’s ODA policy and SDGs are consistent

Human Security＞

No one left behind / People Centered

Inclusiveness/Sustainability/Resilience ＞ No one left behind, Sustainability

Drive/Accelerate

Ownership/Capacity Development > Supporting setting National target

JICA’s Position on SDGs
Ultimate Goals

2
Challenges
innovation andfurther participation

3

Utilizing
Japan’sExperience7II. SDGs and JICA activities SDG 6.2

Source : Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Update and SDG Baselines 2017, WHO UNICEF JMP

Relating JICA Project: Cebu and Davao in Philippines,Hai Phong in Vietnam

8II. SDGs and JICA activities SDG 6.3.1
SDGs Indicator 6.3.1 (Safety Treated Wastewater) for Good Ambient Water Quality
Pollution Source
GeneratedWastewater
Generated Pollution
LoadDomestic Wastewater
Population multiplied by
Daily water consumption per capita (m3/day/person)
Population multiplied by
Unit Pollution load (g/day/person) BOD, SS, COD, T-N, T-P

Industrial WastewaterCounter Measures

On-site Treatment
Joukasou, Septic Tank, etc.
Off-site Treatment
Sewerage Systems

On-site Treatment

Discharged
Wastewater
Discharged Load

Fundamental
Information forPollution Load
AnalysisCalculation using
Inventory

Pre-Treatment &Sewerage System

Safety Treated Wastewater to meet Effuluent Water Quality Standard
Generated Pollution Load multiplied by(1 - Removal rate of pollutants: BOD, SS, COD, T-N, T-P)
Daily water consumption per capita (m3/day/person)
Unit Pollution load (g/day/person) BOD, SS, COD, T-N, T-P
Removal rate of Pollutants (Treatment Performance ofJoukasou, Septic Tank, Sewerage Systems)

Calculation using
Inventory
Inventry(Type ofIndustry, Pollution Load,Treatment Method &Performance, etc.)

Relating JICA Project: Pilot Study with related Ministries in Vietnam
in cooperation with WHO

910

II. SDGs and JICA activities SDG 6.3.2
Ambient water quality standards in WEPA countries

Source : WEPA Outlook on Water Environmental Management in Asia 2015

11Relating JICA Project: Sri Lanka, Vietnam

Relationship between SDG 6.3.1 and 6.3.2
PollutantSource

Generated Pollutant Load

SDG 6.3.1
Safety TreatedHouses, Industries

Discharged Load

Run-off Load

Channels ofTributaries

Transfer Ratio

Treatment Process Performance

Purification Effect.

Transferred Load

Main Stream
Checkpoint of Water Quality(Monitoring Point of Environmental Water Quality Standards)
SDG 6.3.2 Good Ambient Water Quality
Source : MLIT 2015, Design Manual “Comprehensive Basin -wide Planning of Sewerage Systems” (in Japanese)12Comprehensive Basin-wide Planning
Location of Lake Biwa
andYodo River basin area

Kyoto

OtsuOsaka

13

Comprehensive Basin-wide Planning
Catchment area of Lake Biwa in
Yodo River basin area

Size of a catchment area
・Yodo river :8,200km2
・Lake Biwa :3,800km2
14

15

Comprehensive Basin-wide Planning
To meet the Environment Standards, allocation of required
pollution load reduction in accordance with Pollution Source isnecessary
Calculation and Allocation of Pollution Load in the River Basin
Present Pollutant Loads

Allowable Pollutant Load

Domestic Wastewater

Measures
Domestic WastewaterIndustrial WastewaterIndustrial WastewaterLive StockLivestock

OthersOthersNon Point Source

Non Point Source

Sewerage System
On-site Systems
Regulation
Treatment FacilityPollutant Load = (Number) X (Unit Pollutant Load) or Measured Value
Example of unit pollutant load: 55g-BOD/capita

16

Achievement rate of environmental standard (6.3.2)
for water in public water zones
Disclosure of Ambient Water Quality Monitoring Results

17

Status of ambient water quality monitoring for public water bodies in Japan
No. of Monitoring Stations
Frequency
Indicator Responsible Institution Year
Indicators for human health protection:
3,947 (rivers),
405 (lakes and reservoirs),
1,057 (sea)Indicators for the living environment:
Indicators
4,550 (rivers),
Local governmentstipulated in
475 (lakes and reservoirs),
Monthly(Ministry of the2013
Environmental
2,044 (sea)Environment)
Indicators for aquatic biodiversity:Standards
1,447 (rivers),
150 (lakes and reservoirs),
125 (sea)
Groundwater:
3,680 (outline survey)

Evaluation methodology for water quality monitoring in Japan
Achievement rate of environmental standard for water in public water zones(Surface water, marine water and groundwater)
http://www.wepa-db.net/activities_201504outlook2015.htm

18Sewered Population Rate (6.3.1) and Improvement of Water Quality

1970

PresentSource : Environmental Bureau ofTokyo Metropolitan Government

Indicators for Policy Maker, Project Implementation
Organization (Public and Private Sector) and Citizen
Policy Maker
Present Condition of SDG 6.2, 6.3(SDGs Indicator 6.2.1, 6.3.1, 6.3.2)

Progress of the Project & its effect(Trend of Indicator 6.2.1, 6.3.1, 6.3.2)

Project Evaluation(Comparison of Cost Effectiveness using
Indicator 6.2.1, 6.3.1, 6.3.2)

Project Implementation Organization
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III. POLICY RECOMMENDATION TO ACHIEVE SDG 6.2, 6.3
1. Establishment of Legal System:
Sewerage Law, as well as Basic Law for Environmental Protection, Water Quality Control Law

2. Institutional and Management Arrangements
Role of Central Government and Municipalities,
Monitoring and Project Implementation Organization,
Human Resource Development, Research and Technology Development,
Public Private Partnership

3. Technology Options
Off-site Treatment and On-site Treatment,
Technology Evaluation and Establishment of Design and O&M Manuals

4. Public Relation and Citizen’s Participation
Citizen's Recognition to Water Environment Preservation
Increase of the Awareness and Understanding of citizens as tax payers and users

5. Planning
Necessity of Effective Planning

6. Financial System for Sanitation and Wastewater Management
Establishment of Construction and O&M Cost Sharing Principles
Construction Cost: Subsidy, Local Bond, User Charges, O&M Cost : User Charges, Public Burden
21

IV. JICA’s Comprehensive Approach
Loan Projects

Preparatory Studies

Construction

・Feasibility Study

・Sewage Treatment Plants

・Project Plan, Basic Design, Cost Estimation

・Pipe Works(Trunk Sewer, Branch Sewer,House Connection )Technical Cooperation
Projects

Consulting Services

Expert dispatch

Detailed Design

・O&M Capacity Building

Tender Assistance・Training Center for Sewerage works

Supervising Construction

・Rehabilitation and Improvement Programs

22

What is Technical Cooperation Project ?
Technical Cooperation Project is to combine various operationalmenu, such as dispatching experts and providing equipment, inaccordance with agreed plan for the cooperation to attain certain
outcomes within certain time period
Planning

Achieveoutcomes

Combination of Various Operational Menu

Dispatchingexperts
AcceptingTrainees
Providingequipment
Japan
Counterpart
Government

Overseas
activity
cost

Project
Outcomes(such as humanresourcedevelopment)

Counterpart
Country

23
Certain time period (ex. five years)

CONCLUSION
I. MDGs to SDGs
II. SDGs and JICA activities1. SDG 6.2, 6.3.1, 6.3.2
2. Pilot Study in Vietnam for Monitoring Methodology
3. Relationship between 6.3.1 & 6.3.2(Treated wastewater and Ambient Water Quality)

4. Example of Indicator(Sewered Population Rate similar to 6.3.1, WQS Annual Report:6.3.2)

5. Indicators for Policy Maker, Project Implementation Organizationand Citizen

III. Policy recommendation to achieve SDG 6.2, 6.3
IV. JICA’s Comprehensive Approach(Projects and Technical Corporation)
24

SDGs: Sustainable Development Goals
Following the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs),
the new SDGs guide development policy and funding for the next 15 years

25

Thank you for your attention. 26