R.E.M.S. L Definition File
L1 Slides 1 & 2 & 3.................................................................................................................................... 2
L2 Slides 15 & 16 & 17 ............................................................................................................................ 3
L3 Slides 27 & 28 & 29 ............................................................................................................................ 5
L4 Slides 58 & 59 ....................................................................................................................................... 6
L5 Slides 69 & 70 ....................................................................................................................................... 8
L6 Slides 80 & 81 ....................................................................................................................................... 9
L7 Slides 112 & 113 ................................................................................................................................ 11L8 Slides 121 & 122 ................................................................................................................................ 12L9 Slides 133 & 134 & 135 ................................................................................................................... 14
L10 Slides 166 & 167 & 168................................................................................................................. 16
L11 Slides 179 & 180 .............................................................................................................................. 18
L12 Slides 192 & 193 & 194................................................................................................................. 19
L13 Slides 227 & 228 .............................................................................................................................. 21
L14 Slides 240 & 241 .............................................................................................................................. 23
L15 Slides 255 & 256 .............................................................................................................................. 25
L16 Slides 284 & 285 .............................................................................................................................. 26
L17 Slides 297 & 298 .............................................................................................................................. 28
L18 Slides 310 & 311 .............................................................................................................................. 29

L1 Slides 1 & 2 & 3
MILITARY (noun)
Definition: The military is part of an army in a country. The military fights for the country if
there is a war.
My brother might join the military.
ORGANIZATION (noun)
Definition: An organization is a group whose members work together for a shared purpose.
An example of an organization is “World Health Organization”.
The organization was built in 1988.
COLLEGE (noun)
Definition: A “college” is a school that you go to after finishing high school.
For example, “I want to take a good major for college.”
You may join that organization in college.
PRISON (noun)
Definition: The word “prison” is a place where we put criminals in.
For example, “He was sent to prison for 10 years because he killed someone.”
Criminals are put into prison.
GATE (noun)
Definition: A “gate” is a big door made of wood or metal that we go through to enter abuilding or a house.
For example, “The house that has the color brown gate is where I am living.”
We might hit the gate if we are not careful.
SAFETY (noun)
Definition: The word “safety” is the noun of the adjective “safe”.
For example, “We should think of our safety when we go somewhere else.
The military is formed for the safety of the people.
MINISTRY (noun)
Definition: The word ministry means the office, duties, or work of a religious minister. It
could also mean a group of ministers.
For example, “My friend is a member of a ministry.”
Another Definition: The word ministry can also mean a government department or thebuilding in which it is located.
For example, “I will go to the Ministry of Education tomorrow.”
The ministry is open to everyone.
MOVE INTO (phrasal verb)

Definition: To ''move into'' means to start living in a new place, house, apartment, etc.
For example, “We moved into another house just last week.”
The ministry moved into this building yesterday.
MOVE OUT (phrasal verb)
Definition: The opposite of move into is move out. When you move out it means you leave
your house, etc. and go to live in a new house, apartment, etc.
His boss told him to move out quickly.
SITE (noun)
Definition: The word site means the place where something (like a building) is, was, or will
be built.
For example, “The building in that site is almost finished.”
This is the new site for the new prison.
ENTER (verb)
Definition: To enter means “to go in” or “come in”. For example, “I entered the classroom 5
minutes ago.”
The soldiers of the military may enter through the gate.
SHARE (verb)
Definition: To share is to give a part of something to someone.
My friend and I were hungry. My friend did not have food or money to buy food.
I had food in my bag so I gave her some of it. I shared my food with her.
We share food in the organization.

L2 Slides 15 & 16 & 17
HALL (noun)
Definition: A “hall” is a large room or building that we can use for meetings, etc.
For example, “The meeting was held in the hall.”
She was eating when she entered the hall.
HOTEL (noun)
Definition: A “hotel” is a building that has rooms where you can stay for a short moment oftime and pay for it.
Some examples of hotels are the Plaza Hotel in New York and the famous Capsule hotelin Japan.
A hotel must have a clean bathroom.
ACCESS (noun)
Definition: If you have “access” to go somewhere it means that you have the right or you areallowed to enter.
For example, “You need to ask the manager to have access to the meeting.”
She has access to the top floor.
EXIT (noun)
Definition: We use the “exit” when we want to go out of a room or building.
For example, “The comfort room is near the exit.”
The exit is at the back.
ENTRANCE (noun)
Definition: It's the opposite of “exit”. It is the area where you can enter the building.
For example, “The entrance of the school is on the left side.”
The entrance of the hotel has flowers.
BATHROOM (noun)
Definition: A bathroom is a place where we take a shower or bath.
For example, “There is a shower in her bathroom.”
The janitor is cleaning the bathroom.
TOILET (noun)
Definition: This is a toilet.
For example, “We cannot use the toilet because someone is still cleaning it.”Could you show me the way to the toilet, please?
INSIDE (noun)
Definition: There are pencils inside this pencil jar.
The window can be locked from the inside.
ELEVATOR (noun)
Definition: When we want to go to the top of a building fast, we use the elevator.
For example, “The meeting is about to start, you should use the elevator.”
Please use the last elevator.
COUNTER (noun)
Definition: A counter is a long and flat table in a shop or a restaurant at which people are served.
For example, “Please order at the counter.”
The counters are very clean now.
ENTRY (noun)
Definition: The word “entry “is the noun of the verb “enter”. It means the act of enteringsomething.
The visitors made their entry through that door.
LIST (verb)

Definition: “To list” means to write down.
I am listing the names of some QQEnglish teachers.
We listed the names of the people in the hall.

L3 Slides 27 & 28 & 29
LOT (noun)
Definition: A “lot” is a small piece of land that could be used for building something.
For example, “We have a big lot at the back of our house.”
I told him that we had cleaned the lot.
FORK (noun)
Definition: This is a fork. We use it when eating.
When mom got home, I had already washed the spoons and forks.
CUPBOARD (noun)
Definition: A cupboard is a place where we put the spoons and forks in.
For example, “You need to clean the cupboard before you put the spoon and fork.”
I knew that dad had built the cupboards at home.
BATH (noun)
Definition: The word “bath” means the act of washing yourself with water and soap.
I badly needed a bath after I had played tennis.
BOWL (noun)
Definition: We use a “bowl” when we eat salad or soup.
For example, “A bowl of soup is enough for me.”May I have a bowl of salad, please?
BUCKET (noun)
Definition: We use a “bucket” to carry water or ice.
For example, “She put the wine in a bucket full of ice.”
I had prepared the bucket of ice before you came.
RAIL (noun)
Definition: A “rail” is made of wood or metal that divides one house from another.
For example, “My brother is repairing the rail.
Our neighbor removed the rails because dad had put flowers there.
TUNNEL (noun)
Definition: A “tunnel” is a long road through the ground.
For example, “The government is planning to build a tunnel for trains.”
They had allowed the people into the tunnel before the police told them to do it.

YARD (noun)
Definition: A “yard” is a lot covered with grass that is usually in front of the house.
For example, “My mother told me to clean the yard before going to my friend's house.”
They had cut trees in the yard before I left.
DANGER (noun)
Definition: If we cross the road without looking both ways, we are in danger.
We feel scared when we are in danger.
I thought you had informed us about the danger ahead.
AVOID (verb)
Definition: To “avoid” means to keep away from doing something.
For example, “The doctor said that I should avoid eating too much sweet food to behealthy.”
She didn't know why I had avoided her.
PREPARATION (noun)
Definition: When you do something important you need to have a preparation.
For example, “I will take my entrance exam two weeks from now so I need to have agood preparation by studying well.”I thought they had stopped the preparation.

L4 Slides 58 & 59
ACTOR (noun)
ACTRESS (noun)
Definition: If it's a man, we use the word actor. If it's a woman, we use the word actress.
Angelina Jolie is one of the most famous actresses in the world. Some other examplesof actors and actresses are Johnny Depp and Penelope Cruz.
I have seen the new movie of my favorite actor!
Everybody loves that actress.
DIRECTOR
Definition: A “director” is a person who manages the film and tells the actors/actresses what
to do and how to act in a film.
For example, “The director got angry when the actor and actress didn't perform well.”
I would like to speak to the director.
DRAMA (noun)
Definition: A “drama” is an emotional television or radio show about people and their lives.
For example, “She loves to watch drama every night.”
I would like to watch a drama film tonight.

EFFORT (noun)
Definition: When we want to make something, we need to make an effort or do our best to
have a good result. The word “effort” means the energy that we use for it.
For example, “I made too much effort for this project by spending most of my time
preparing it.”
They put so much effort into this film.
AUDIENCE (noun)
Definition: The word “audience” means a group of people who watch or listen to something.
For example, “The audience clapped their hands when the show was over.”The audience might not like the show.
DRAMATIC (adjective)
Definition: The word “dramatic” means showing a lot of emotion. For example, “The movie
that I watched yesterday was so dramatic, it made most of the audiences cry.”This movie is not as dramatic as the previous one.
PRETEND (verb)
I don't have a glass but I am pretending that I'm drinking water.
The director wanted them to pretend that they were in love.
RECORDING (noun)
Definition: “Recording” means music or images that have been kept on a record, CD,computer, etc., so that they can be heard or seen again.
For example, “I have kept the recordings in my room.”
Another Definition: It can also mean the process of storing sounds or images on tape or a
disk.
For example, “The recording was too long.”
The recording took five months to finish.
RECORD (noun)
Definition: The word “record” means written documents, audios or videos, etc.
For example, “We need to submit all those recordings before the deadline.”
An actor should have his own records of his films.
RELATE (verb)
Definition: To “relate” is to understand someone or something. People can relate to eachother if they experience the same situation.
For example, “I can truly relate to you, we have the same problem.”
The audience can relate to the story.
CONFIDENCE (noun)
Definition: Confidence is the quality or state of being certain or belief that one will act in aright, proper, or effective way.
If I studied well before the exam, then I have the confidence to have a good result or
pass the exam.
For example, “The actress has the confidence that she can act well.”
You must have confidence to be an actor.

L5 Slides 69 & 70
GUY (noun)
Definition: The word “guy” means man.
For example, “The guy who is wearing a black shirt is my brother.”I haven’t met this guy yet.
HUMAN (noun)
Definition: When we say “human”, it means a person.
For example, “The basic needs of humans are water, food and a house.”
We make mistakes because we are humans.
INDIVIDUAL (noun)
Definition: The word “individual” means a single person. For example, “The teacher ischecking her student's individual homework.”
A teacher knows the individual needs of her students.
LAWYER (noun)
Definition: If people have any problems regarding the law, they can call a lawyer to ask foradvice.
For example, “A criminal should find a very good lawyer.”
Our company lawyer is really good.
ATTORNEY (noun)
Definition: We can also use the word “attorney” instead of the word lawyer.
For example, “You need to see an attorney to solve your problem.”
We spoke to an attorney about this problem.
DENTIST (noun)
Definition: A “dentist” is a doctor for our teeth.
For example, “I have a toothache, I think I should see a dentist now.”
I go to the dentist every six months.
REPORTER (noun)
Definition: A reporter is a person whose job is to tell people about the news throughtelevision or radio.

For example, “His father is working as a reporter for over 15 years.”
The reporter asked so many questions.
SECRETARY(noun)
Definition: A “secretary” is someone who keeps all the records, letters, or documents forsomeone.
For example, “If you want to have an appointment with the CEO, please talk to thesecretary first.”
The secretary let me get inside the office.
AUTHOR (noun)
Definition: An “author” is someone who has written something like books, etc. Nicholas Sparks
and Haruki Murakami are famous authors.
Everybody knows this author.
MEANS (noun)
Definition: When we say “means”, it is the way of doing something.
For example, “In the city, the train is the most common means of transportation.”
Bicycles are the best means of transportation in this town.
ABILITY (noun)
Definition: When we say “ability”, it means the power to do something easily.
For example, “She has the ability to dance very well.”
Their individual abilities made the organization strong.
QUALITY (noun)
Definition: The word “quality” means how good or bad something is.
For example, “I bought this bag because it has good quality.”His quality as a lawyer is excellent.

L6 Slides 80 & 81
EXPERIENCE (noun)
EXPERIENCE (verb)
The word experience can be used as a noun and as a verb.
Definition: As a noun, it means something that you have done or that has happened to you.
For example, “One of my most unforgettable experiences is when we went to Japan.”
Would you mind if you share your experience of being inside the prison with us?
Definition: As a verb, the word “experience” means the things that you did or felt in thepast.
For example, “I already experienced losing my wallet.”He experienced that excitement when he was in London.

CANCEL (verb)
Definition: To “cancel” is to stop what you are planning to do.
For example, “I wanted to go to the mall yesterday but I canceled it because of heavy
rain.”
Would you mind if I cancel my appointment today with Attorney Smith?
ACHIEVEMENT (noun)
Definition: When we say “achievement”, it is the good result of someone's hard work.
For example, “Accepting the award is one of her biggest achievements.”“Having a degree at a University is one of my greatest achievements.”
He is known for his achievements.
ATTITUDE (noun)
Definition: The word attitude means a feeling or way of thinking that affects a person's behavior.
Some examples of “attitude” are kind, good, bad, etc.
She is friendly and has a good attitude.

PROCEDURE (noun)
Definition: When we say “procedure”, it means a method or order to do something.
She doesn't mind if the procedure is complicated.
SOLUTION (noun)
Definition: We need to have a “solution” when we want to answer our problem.
For example, “The only solution that you have to do to have a good score is to study
hard.”
Do you mind showing us the solution to this problem first?
TRUST (verb)
TRUST (noun)
The word trust can be used as a verb and as a noun.
Definition: As a verb, to “trust” is to believe that something is good or correct.
For example, “Don't trust her, she's not telling the truth.”
Do you still trust him?
Definition: As a noun, for example, “You need to have trust that you can pass the exam
tomorrow.”
Their trust in each other is extraordinary.
PROTECTION (noun)
Definition: If you don't want someone or something to harm you, you need to have protection.
For example, “When it rains, we need to have an umbrella as our protection from the rainor from getting wet.”
I don't mind if the police give us so much protection.

PROCESS (noun)
Definition: The word “process” means the order of things that you need to get or do.
For example, “Entering a University is really a long process because you need to go
through a lot of examinations and interviews.”
Do you mind following the long process?
PROCEEDINGS (noun)
Definition: Proceedings are the things that are said or done in a meeting.
For example, “The secretary kept the record about the proceedings in the meeting.”
Do you mind keeping the proceedings of the meeting?

L7 Slides 112 & 113
GOVERNMENT (noun)
Definition: When we say “government”, it means a group of people that manage or control
a country.
For example, “Our government is doing its best to help the people who are in need.”
The government is trying hard to improve the country.
POLITICS (noun)
Definition: It is the job or work of people who are in the government.
For example, “The politics in our country is getting worst.”
I don't want to talk about politics.
POLITICAL (adjective)
Definition: If you are a “political” person, it means you like talking or doing politics.
His political views were considered by the people.
POLITICIAN (noun)
Definition: A “politician” is a member of the government.
For example, Barack Obama is a politician.
Another example, “My father is a politician for many years. He works in thegovernment.”
There are still some honest politicians.
LAW (noun)
Definition: Laws are made by the government for the people to follow in the country.
For example, “It is against the law to kill someone.”
This law is unfair.
PROTECT (verb)
Definition: When you “protect” someone, you keep them away from danger or harm.

For example, “The government is doing its best to protect the people.”
The police should protect the people from bad people.
KING (noun)
Definition: The United Kingdom is ruled by a queen. The opposite of queen is “king”. King
Arthur is a king.
The king is generous to his people.
PRESIDENT (noun)
Definition: A “President” is the one who leads the government of a country.
For example, Barack Obama is the 44th U.S. President.
Our president is a good leader.
LEADER (noun)
LEADERSHIP (noun)
Definition: When we say “leader”, it means the one who manages or leads a group. A
president is an example of a leader because he is the one who leads the country. The
leadership of a president in my country is 6 years.
A king should be an understanding leader.
A government official must have good leadership.
CULTURE (noun)
Definition: The word “culture” means people's way of living. Every country has its own
culture.
For example, “It is a culture in Japan to bow down as respect to other people.”
Asian culture is different from European culture.
AUTHORITY (noun)
Definition: When you have “authority”, it means you have the power or right to do things like inpolitics, government, etc.
For example, “The president is the highest authority in some countries.”
The president has the authority to remove lazy people from the government.
Do you have the authority to approve these proceedings?

L8 Slides 121 & 122
BLOOD (noun)
Definition: When we cut our skin, blood flows from it. The blood's color is red.
Blood is thick and red.
His shirt has blood on it.
BONE (noun)
Definition: A “bone” is any of the hard pieces that form inside the human's or animal's body.

She broke some of her bones when she was little.
BRAIN (noun)
Definition: The “Brain” is the part of the body that we use for thinking.
For example, “Some doctors are studying about how the brain works.”
Let’s make our brains think!
Doctors studied his brain.
We study the human brain.
CHEST (noun)
Definition: This is the chest.
For example, “I can feel the pain in my chest.”
They hit him on the chest.
TREAT (verb)
Definition: To “treat” means to give medical care.
For example, “You need to treat yourself before it gets worst.”
We went to the hospital to treat the pain.
Another definition of the word “treat” is to buy or pay something for someone.
For example, “I will treat my friends to lunch because I have a lot of money.”
Maria treated us to dinner.
TREATMENT (noun)
Definition: The word “treatment” means to use drugs or medicine, exercise, etc. to improvethe condition of a sick person.
For example, “She will have medical treatment next month because she is sick.”
The medical treatment is really expensive.
Another definition of the word “treatment” is the way you act towards someone orsomething.
For example, “They gave us good treatment when we visited their house by giving us
food and drinks, etc.”
Their treatment towards us was really nice.
VIRUS (noun)
COLDS (noun)
Definition: When we get the virus, we get a cold.
I caught a cold. A virus causes colds.
For example, “The doctor gave me a cough medicine to treat my cough caused by avirus.”
There is no available medicine for the virus.
I got a cold yesterday, so I was absent.
PREVENT (verb)

Definition: To prevent means to stop something from happening or someone from doing
something.
For example, “The argument could have been prevented.”
We can prevent it by being careful.
WORRIED (adjective)
Definition: The word worried means feeling or showing fear and concern because you thinksomething bad has happened or could happen. When we think that something bad ishappening, we feel worried.
For example, “My mom was so worried when I got home very late in the evening. I
couldn't get home early and I couldn't call her so she was worried about me.”
They are worried about you.
WORRY (verb)
WORRY (noun)
The word worry can be used as a verb and as a noun.
Definition: As a verb, you worry when you think of your problems so much.
For example, “After you take your medicine, you will be fine. Don't worry!”
He worries a lot.
Definition: As a noun, it means problem.
For example, “I have a lot of worries these days, like paying the bills, my job, etc.”
Your worries won’t help you.

L9 Slides 133 & 134 & 135
RULE (noun)
RULE (verb)
The word rule can be used as a verb and as a noun.
Definition: As a noun, the word rule means a statement that tells you what is allowed or is
not allowed in a game, situation, place, etc. When you want to join or be part of something
you need to follow the “rules”.
For example, “One of the rules here in the company is to wear an ID card all the time.”
We have to follow even the unimportant rules in the organization.
Definition: As a verb, it means to control something (ex. Company, government ororganization).
For example, “Some countries are ruled by a President, others are a Prime Minister or aKing.”The king still rules his country well even though he is seriously sick.
MURDER (noun)
Definition: The word “murder” means the crime of killing someone.
For example, “Murder is one of the most common crimes in many countries.”

Even though a murder happened in that place, they still go there!
PUNISHMENT (noun)
Definition: In a country, when you do not follow the law or rules, the government will give
you a “punishment by putting you in prison”.
For example, “Murder has a big and heavy punishment.”
The punishment is not even fair!
We don't care even with the punishments.
TURN DOWN (phrasal verb)
Definition: To “turn down” means to say no.
For example, “She turn down the offer to study in France; she wanted to stay here.”
My sister turned the chance down to go to China.
TERM (noun)
The word “term” has many meanings.
Definition: The first meaning of the word “term” is a period of time.
For example, “The term of a president of a country is 6 years.”
He did not even finish his term as a president.
Definition: The second meaning of the word “term” is policy or rules.
For example, “We need to read and understand the terms before we sign important
documents.”
Their employees signed the terms and agreement even though they’re not legal.
Definition: And the last meaning of the word “term” is a word or phrase used in a specificfield of work.
For example, “The word 'judicial' is a legal term.” “The legal terms are difficult tounderstand.”Even though most of the medical terms are difficult, the students have to remember
them.
FEAR (noun)
Definition: When something bad will happen, you can feel fear.
For example, “Generally, children have fears with dogs.”
They don't even fear the strongest.
CONTRIBUTE (verb)
Definition: It means to give something for help.
For example, “We contribute some money to help the people who lost their homes
because of the big fire.”
They still contributed even a little.
CONTRIBUTION (noun)
Definition: The word “contribution” is the noun of the verb 'contribute'.
For example, “Our contribution was money. Other people's contributions were clothes,foods, and medicine.”
They aren't happy with everything, not even with the contribution.
LOOK INTO (phrasal verb)
Definition: The phrase “look into” means to find out something.
For example, “The police will look into what happened.”
They looked into the murder even though it was really dangerous.
NOISE (noun)
Definition: The word “noise” means a sound that disturbs you.
For example, “I really hate the noise whenever I am in a bar because the people andmusic are too loud.”
He's not making noise, not even a small sound.
PEACE (noun)
Definition: The word “peace” is the opposite of war.
He did not even consider having peace in this country.

L10 Slides 166 & 167 & 168
INCOME (noun)
Definition: The word “income” means the money that you earn from working or in abusiness.
For example, “Now that I have my own family, I need to have a good income.”
If you work in that company, you are going to have a good income.
INTERVIEW (noun)
Definition: If you want to apply for a job you need to have an interview first. In an interview,
they will ask you questions about your life, education, work experience, etc.
I am going to have an interview tomorrow morning.
COPY (noun)
COPY (verb)
The word copy can be used as a verb and as a noun.
Definition: As a noun, the word “copy” means something that is or looks exactly likesomething else. It is almost the same as the original.
For example, “I have two copies of the letter. One is for the manager and the other isfor me.”They are giving us some copies this Tuesday.
Definition: As a verb, to “copy” means to make something so that it is the same as an
original piece of work.
For example, “The teacher told her students to copy the writings on the board before
going home.”

She is going to copy the list later.
INQUIRY (noun)
Definition: The word “inquiry” means the information that is asked.
For example, “A customer called the hotel about available rooms, prices, schedules, etc.
That customer called the hotel for inquiries.”
They are answering inquiries this weekend.
HAND IN (phrasal verb)
Definition: To “hand in” means to give.
For example, “You need to hand in the report to the manager after the meeting.”
My secretary is handing in the contract tomorrow morning.

RUN OUT (phrasal verb)
Definition: To run out means nothing is left.
For example, “I run out of words to say.”
I’m going to buy some sugar because we are running out of it.
SAVE UP (phrasal verb)
Definition: To save up money is to keep some money so that you can use it to buy something
in the future.
For example, “I need to save up to buy that expensive shoes.”
They are saving up because they want to buy a new car.
QUALIFICATION (noun)
Definition: For example, “The qualifications for a TV reporter are very good speaking skills,
good grades in the university, neat, etc.”
He has all the qualifications they need so he’s going to try tomorrow.
PURPOSE (noun)
Definition: The word “purpose” means reason.
For example, “My purpose of studying hard is to have a good job in the future.”
We are sharing the punishment’s purpose in the meeting next week.
ABILITY(noun)
Definition: If you have the ability to do something, it means you have the skill to do it.
For example, “She can sing well. She has the ability to sing.”
The actors and actresses are showing their abilities on stage tomorrow night.
CONTRACT (noun)
Definition: The word contract means a legal agreement between people, companies, etc.
For example, “We have to finish our 3-year contract before we can get another job.”
The company’s lawyer is going to tell you about the contract.

L11 Slides 179 & 180
SHARE (noun)
Definition: If a business has many owners, each owner has a “share” of that business. A shareis the amount of power that someone owns especially in a business or company.
For example, “She got the highest authority in their company because she has thebiggest share.”
Mr. Miller owned 50 percent of the shares of the company.
OWNER (noun)
Explanation: This is my pen. I am the owner of this pen.
For example, “Steve Jobs is one of the owners of the Apple Company.”
The owner is selling the shares of his clothing business.
STOCK (noun)
Definition: In business, “stock” means a share in a company owned by an individual or group.
For example, “Everyone tried to sell their stocks.”“She bought stocks from different companies.”
He bought some stocks in the company.
Another definition of stock is the goods available for selling and buying.
For example, “The shop needs more stock of umbrellas because many people will buy
for rainy days.”
The clothes shop ran out of stock of black dresses.
OWNERSHIP (noun)
Definition: For example, “He is the new owner of the company. The company is now under
new ownership.”Business ownership has to go through many processes.
HEAD (noun)
Definition: A “head” is the person who is in the top position of the company.
The head of the company is the owner.
Changing heads affects the income of the business.
DRAFT (noun)
Definition: If you want to make a plan for an important document for example, you need to havea “draft” first. A “draft” is the first copy and not the final copy of that important document.
I make a draft first before writing the actual letter.
DROP (noun)
Definition: A “drop” is a small amount of liquid like a drop of rain, a drop of water, etc.
Let's get an umbrella because a drop of rain fell.

Definition: Another meaning of the word “drop” is to go lower in number or amount.
There was a 5% drop in stock price yesterday.

DECISION (noun)
Definition: A “decision” is the choice we make.
For example, “I choose to study business. Studying business is my decision.”My decision is final, I will go to London this year.
COMMITTEE (noun)
Definition: A “committee” is a group of people in an organization or company who arechosen to do a job or make decisions about something.
For example, “The committee agrees with the new policy of the company.”
The committee had made its final decision.
THINK OVER (phrasal verb)
Definition: If we want to decide on something important, we need to think it over. To “think over”
means to think many times.
For example, “I have to think it over whether I'll accept the job or not.”I was told by my head to think things over before making decisions.
QUALIFY (verb)
Definition: The word qualify is the verb of the noun qualification. It means to have the skills
or knowledge to do a job or work.
She qualifies to be the head of the academic department.
AFFECT (verb)
Definition: The word “affect” means to cause a change in something.
For example, “I will go out today if it does not rain but if it rains, I will just stay at home.
The rain affects my decision to go out today.”
The decision made by the heads committee affects the income of the company.

L12 Slides 192 & 193 & 194
TOTAL (noun)
Definition: For example, “I bought a pen for $2 and a notebook for $4. I paid the total
amount of $6 for my pen and notebook. $6 is the total of $2 added to $4.”
The total amount of the food is $1000.
DEBT (noun)
Definition: The money that we borrowed from someone is called “debt”.
For example, “I borrowed $2000 from a bank. I have a debt of $2000 from a bank.”
She would prefer to pay her debts in full.

RECEIPT (noun)
Definition: After you buy something, the cashier will give you a piece of paper that has a list of all
the things that you bought with their prices. That piece of paper is called a “receipt”.
I would prefer to keep the receipts myself.
TASK (noun)
Definition: A “task” means a specific work given.
For example, “A secretary's tasks are receiving phone calls, keeping important papers
and schedules, etc.”
Her task is to set the table up.
PURCHASE (noun)
Definition: I bought this watch (or book) for $3. My purchase cost $3.
Our purchase's total amount will be paid by my dad.
DOCUMENT (noun)
Definition: A “document” is a piece of paper that usually has important things written on it.
For example, “The secretary is keeping all the documents.”
Please submit all the documents not later than tomorrow.
CALL (one) BACK (phrasal verb)
Definition: To “call back” means to return a phone call. For example, “Call me back when you
are not busy.”
Would you prefer to call him back or would you like me to call him for you?
We would like your boss to call us back on Monday.

GIVE (thing) BACK (phrasal verb)
Definition: To “give back” means to return a borrowed thing/s.
Would you prefer to go with me when I give the book back?
He would prefer you to give that back to him now.
HOLD ON (phrasal verb)
Definition: To “hold on” means to wait for a short time.
Could you hold on for a moment, please?
Would you prefer to come back later or just hold on?
In a phone call, when someone tells you “to hold on the line”, it means you have to wait on
the phone without ending the call.
For example, “My boss wants to talk to you. Please hold on the line.”
I would prefer to hold on the line rather than call you back.
PAY BACK (phrasal verb)
Definition: To “pay back” is to give or return the money you borrowed.

I would prefer to pay you back immediately.
She would prefer to pay her debts in full amount.
PAY IN (phrasal verb)
Definition: To “pay in” means to put money in the bank.
The old woman even paid her money in.
SET (thing) UP (phrasal verb)
Definition: To “set up” means to prepare a place for a purpose.
For example, “I need to set this room up for our meeting tomorrow.”
Would you prefer to set this office up now or tomorrow?

L13 Slides 227 & 228
CONSEQUENCE (noun)
Definition: It is the result after doing something.
For example, “She got sick as a consequence of not eating breakfast and dinner.”
The consequences are terribly awful.
The consequences are surprisingly not hard.
EXCEPTION (noun)
Definition: When we say “exception”, it means not being part of something.
For example, “Everyone is asked to attend the meeting. Everyone should attend. Thereis no exception!”
We honestly don't like the idea of the exceptions to the rule.
RUBBER (noun)
Definition: The wheels of a car are made of rubber.
Car wheels are perfectly built from rubber.
MATTER (noun)
MATTER (verb)
The word matter can be used as a noun and as a verb.
Definition: As a noun, the word “matter” means something that is being done, talked about,or thought about.
For example, “We will discuss that matter in our meeting.”
We will have a meeting to properly discuss this matter.
Another definition: When we say “What's the matter?”, we mean “What's wrong?”.
Seriously, what is the matter with you?
Definition: As a verb, to “matter” means to be important.

For example, “Winning this competition matters to me a lot. It is important for me to
win this competition.”
Hopefully, it won't matter to him.
ROOT (noun)
Definition: A “root” is part of the plant or tree that is in the ground.
For example, “The roots of that tree are really big.”
The roots of the plants are strongly attached to the ground.
SUSPECT (verb)

SUSPECT (noun)

The word suspect can be used as a noun and as a verb.
Definition: As a verb, when you suspect someone, it means you believe that they did
something wrong.
For example, “I suspect that he was the one who stole my wallet.”I completely suspect my brother of breaking our mirror.
Definition: As a noun, when someone stole something from you, like money for example, theperson who you thought stole your money is called a “suspect”. That person is your suspect.
The suspect quickly ran away from his crime.

SUSPICION (noun)
Definition: When you have a “suspicion”, it means you have a feeling that something bad islikely true.
For example, “The money in the shop was lost. I have a suspicion that someone stole
the money.”
They will naturally ask me about my suspicions.
SUSPICIOUS (adjective)
Definition: The word “suspicious” is the adjective of the word suspicion.
For example, “That man is always standing outside our house for no reason. That man isreally suspicious.”
He looked suspicious last night.
GUESS (verb)

GUESS (noun)

The word guess can be used as a verb and as a noun.
Definition: As a verb, I don't know what you have in your pocket but I think you have somemoney (phone) in your pocket. I guess you have some money (phone) in your pocket.
She correctly guessed the weather today.
Definition: As a noun, for example, “I don't know the price of your bag but my guess is that it
costs $5000.”
My guess is we don't have class today.

L14 Slides 240 & 241
BASIS (noun)
Definition: The word basis means the most important ideas that support something or thereason for doing something.
For example, “The students are chosen on the basis of their grades and test scores.”He will be making news with no legal basis.
CHALLENGE (noun)
CHALLENGE (verb)
The word challenge can be used as a noun and as a verb.
Definition: As a noun, when you're experiencing some challenges, it means that you arehaving problems or difficulties which test your abilities.
For example, “The company is ready for the challenges of the next few years.”
They will be experiencing some challenges.
Definition: As a verb, if a teacher is challenging her students, it means she will be testing
their abilities or knowledge by giving them some difficult things to work on that should bedone successfully.”
I will be challenging my students to study harder.

CIRCUMSTANCE (noun)
Definition: The synonym of “circumstance” is “happening”.
For example, “I can't imagine a circumstance in which I would be happy to fail inexams.”
Companies will be experiencing some unpleasant circumstances.
MARK (noun)
Definition: This is a mark. We put a mark on something to remember an exact place.
For example, “My teacher puts a mark on the map so that I will remember which shop I
should go to.”When I show up on stage, you will be standing on that mark there.
LUCK (noun)
Definition: The four- leaf clover represents “luck”. The word chance is the synonym of theword “luck”.
For example, “John will apply for a job in London, he is not sure if he will be successful
or not but he will try his luck.”
She will be trying her luck in Paris.

LIE (verb)
LIE (noun)
The word lie can be used as a verb and as a noun.
Definition: As a verb, we lie in bed if we want to sleep or relax.

For example, “He was lying on the bed watching television.”
I will be lying in my bed when you arrive home.
Another meaning of “lie” is to tell things that are not true.
For example, “Old people sometimes don't tell their real age. They lie about their realage.”This criminal will probably be lying later.
Definition: As a noun, if someone is telling a lie, it means he or she not telling the truth.
For example, “She told a lie to her parents that she had spent the afternoon studying.”
I know this reporter will be telling a lie on TV tonight.

UPSET (adjective)
UPSET (verb)
The word upset can be used as a verb and as an adjective.
Definition: As an adjective, it means worried, unhappy, or angry.
My mom won't be happy if I lie to her, she'll be upset.
He looked very upset this morning at school.
Definition: As a verb, it means to make someone worried, unhappy, or angry. When someone
or something upsets us, we feel sad or worried.
For example, “The bad news upsets the family.”I hope you will not be upsetting the other kids.

PURSUE (verb)
Definition: When you pursue your dreams, it means you are trying to achieve them over a
period of time.
For example, “She plans to pursue her dreams by studying hard.”
She will be helping you when you pursue your dreams.
THINK OF (phrasal verb)
Definition: To think of means we make an idea, name, plan, etc. by thinking.
For example, “They're still trying to think of a name for the baby.”
The government will be thinking of ways to solve this matter.
We will be thinking of something new when he comes with us.
ENABLE (verb)
Definition: The word “enable” means to make (someone or something) able to do or to besomething.
For example, “Their huge money in the bank enables them to buy the house quickly.”
The company will be enabling new rules when you come back.

L15 Slides 255 & 256
BACKGROUND (noun)
Definition: The view that we can see behind someone or something is called “background”.
For example, “I have the white board behind me as my background.”
The tidiness of the movie background should be emphasized.
AIM (verb)
Definition: To aim for something means to try to achieve a plan.
For example, “She wants to be the best student in our class. She aims to be the best
student in our class.”
The man aimed for greatness in his work.
DISTINGUISH (verb)
Definition: To distinguish two things means to tell the difference between them.
For example, “Some students mistake the word “hand” for “head”. They cannot
distinguish the difference between the two words.
It’s not difficult to distinguish loneliness from tiredness.
ADMIT (verb)
Definition: When we admit something, we tell the truth.
For example, “If I didn't know the answer, I would admit it to my teacher and ask her tohelp me.”I admit that his laziness is really too much.
GIFT (noun)
Definition: A “gift” is something we give to a person on special days like birthdays, weddings,
Christmas, New Year, etc.
For example, “I love receiving gifts at Christmas.”
Buying very expensive gifts is madness.
SURPRISE (noun)
Definition: We say something is a surprise when we don't expect it to happen and it feels
good.
For example, “I will feel happy if my friends give me a birthday surprise.”“It would be a surprise for me if someone gives me a gift without any reason.”
Her rudeness is a surprise to me.
IMAGE (noun)
Definition: An “image” is a picture taken by a camera, made by an artist, or thought by our minds.
For example, “This camera takes a clear image.” “The artist painted a nice image of themountains.” “I cannot remember the image of the place.”
The clearness of the images was amazing.

IMAGINE (verb)
Definition: To imagine something is to create images in our minds. These images are not real.
For example, “I want to have a holiday right now. I can imagine myself taking a rest on abeautiful beach.”
I can imagine the morning freshness in the mountains.
IMAGINATION (noun)
Definition: The noun of the verb “imagine” is “imagination”. It is the ability to create
images/pictures in our minds.
For example, “A writer makes stories using his creative imagination.”
We like the craziness of his imagination.
CONCENTRATE (verb)
Definition: When we concentrate on something, we put all our efforts and energies into it
without thinking about anything else.
For example, “I got low grades in Mathematics. I will not do anything this weekend but
just study Mathematics. I will concentrate on studying Mathematics this weekend.”
From now on, I will concentrate on the goodness of people and things.
APPRECIATE (verb)
Definition: When we appreciate someone, we give importance to their actions.
For example, “Parents work hard to provide food, clothes, etc. for their children.
Children should appreciate it.”
Another example, “I think this restaurant has good service. I appreciate the service of
this restaurant.”
The king appreciates your kindness to us.

L16 Slides 284 & 285
BELIEVE (verb)
Definition: The word believe means to think something is true or correct.
I believe I have seen her somewhere.
BELIEF (noun)
Definition: The word “belief” is the noun of the word believe.
People have different beliefs everywhere in the world.
COURAGE (noun)
Definition: If you have “courage”, it means that you believe that you can do something even
if it's hard or difficult.
For example, “I have no courage to join the army. I might die early in a war.”

Her courage led her somewhere in this city.
SIGHT (noun)
Definition: The word “sight” means the ability to see. For example, “She lost her sight at avery young age.”
The park is nowhere in sight.
Another meaning of the word “sight” is view.
Mt. Fuji is an example of a beautiful sight in Japan.
For example, “I like spending my weekend here because of the beautiful sights.”
Can I see this kind of sight anywhere?
SOLVE (verb)
Definition: If you have a problem, you need to find a way to solve it. To “solve” a problem isto have an answer or way for your problem.
For example, “My wallet was lost yesterday, my solution is that, I need to tell my teacher
first about it and ask for help.”
Let’s solve this problem somewhere.
WHISPER (verb)
Definition: She is whispering.
We whispered because silence is a must.
SILENCE (noun)
Definition: When there is “silence”, it means you can't hear anything.
Silence is a must everywhere in the library.

RESPONSE (noun)
Definition: The word “response” means a reply.
For example, “We got a good response from the manager about the meeting yesterday.”You can read about our leader’s response to the issue anywhere.

IDENTIFY (verb)
Definition: To “identify” is to find out or to know.
For example, “There are many cars outside but I can identify which car is mine easily.”The criminal was identified somewhere in the west.
REFLECTION (noun)
Definition: Every time you face the mirror you can see your “reflection” when there is light.
The light’s reflection is everywhere.
REFLECT (verb)
Definition: The word “reflect” is the verb of the word reflection.
The water reflects the same sky everywhere.

ATTENTION (noun)
Definition: When you sing in front of many people for example and they are carefully
watching you, it means you have their “attention”.
For example, “Her dress catches the attention of the people because it was sobeautiful.”
The beautiful actress is given much attention everywhere she goes.

L17 Slides 297 & 298
MOVE (verb)
Definition: The word “move” means to transfer from one position to another.
We are moving the boxes from the car.
If I had moved a bit closer, I would have seen the actress clearly.
MOVEMENT (noun)
Definition: The noun of the verb “move” is “movement”.
If the dancer’s movement hadn’t changed, they would have won.
OPTION (noun)
Definition: The word “option” means choice.
For example, “Which do you think is better; the red dress or the white dress?
The options are the red dress and the white dress.”
If you had come early, the list of options would have been made.
INTENTION (noun)
Definition: The word “intention” is something that you plan to do.
For example, “It is my plan to buy a new phone for myself. It is my intention to buy a
new phone for myself.”
If they had expressed their true intentions, we would have helped them.
INTEND (verb)
Definition: The word “intend” is the verb of the word intention. It means to have a plan.
If you had intended to make her happy, you would have, at least, greeted her.
GOAL (noun)
Definition: A “goal” is something that you intend to achieve in the future.
For example, “To finish studying is my only goal these days.”
If she had achieved her goals in life, she would have gone to China.
COMMIT (verb)
Definition: We use the word “commit” when we say that someone will surely do something.

For example, “I committed to finishing my studies.”
She would have committed to come if you had asked her to.
COMMITMENT (noun)
Definition: The word “commitment” is the noun of the word commit. It means somethingthat you must do that takes your time.
If you had broken your commitment, she would have gone to Japan.
UNDERSTAND (verb)
Definition: When your teacher asks you something about the lesson and you are able toanswer it correctly, it means you “understand” the lesson.
For example, “I understand the lesson very well, and I am confident that I can have agood score on the exam.”
I would have understood if you had told me earlier.
UNDERSTANDING (noun)
Definition: The noun of the verb “understand” is “understanding”.
For example, “They don't have a good understanding of the situation.”
If we had clearly understood the issue, we would have trusted them.
POLICY (noun)
Definition: The word “policy” means the rule that people need to follow.
For example, “The new policy about wearing a proper uniform will start next week.”
If the organization had changed the policies, the members would have stayed.
OBJECTION (noun)
Definition: The word “objection” means a reason to disagree about something.
For example, “When the new policy about wearing a uniform was being discussed, there
were a lot of objections like: it's expensive, the color is not good, it's not important, etc.
If mom had listened to our objections, we would have lived happily.

L18 Slides 310 & 311
MIXTURE (noun)
Definition: The word “mixture” is the noun of mix. It refers to the process of mixing two or
three things together.
For example, “The mixture of coffee and milk is so good.”
Nobody likes the mixture of coffee and tea.
The painter is preparing his mixture of colors.
RHYTHM (noun)
Definition: The word “rhythm” means a repeated pattern of sounds and movement.

For example, “The new song has a very good rhythm.”
I watched the students dance to the rhythm.
This rhythm is famous among young people nowadays.
VERSION (noun)
Definition: When we say “version”, it means another way of doing or saying something.
For example, “The first version of the song was a bit slow but the second one is fast andis really good.”
My dad loved the old and slow version of this song while I like the fast version.
I personally don’t like the new version of this phone.
CATEGORY (noun)
Definition: The word “category” means a group that has something in common.
For example, “In the supermarket, the goods are arranged according to their category.
The first row is the category of fruits, the second is vegetables etc.”
The books are kept in categories.
SORT (verb)
Definition: To “sort” means to put in the correct order or category.
The clothes are sorted by their color.
WONDER (verb)
Definition: The word wonder means to ask yourself questions or to think about things in aquestioning and doubting way.
For example, “I wonder how he did that.”
I wonder if you could help me find a restaurant near here.
INTERNATIONAL (adjective)
Definition: The word international means relating to or including more than one country.
For example, “Most international schools are really expensive.”
She studied at an international school in high school.
CLAIM (noun)
The word claim can be used as a verb and as a noun.
Definition: As a noun, when you have a “claim”, it means you are saying that something istrue when some people may say it is not true.
For example, “They all believe in her claim.”
Her claim was easy to understand.
Definition: As a verb, to “claim” means to say that something belongs to you.
For example, “She claims that the bag belongs to her.”
They claimed their purchase yesterday.