Please refer to the definition file.

83

84

1. I found some very good literature in the library.
2. This classroom is always noisy.
3. Not many people understand statistics.
4. He studied psychology at university.
5. He studies well to have a good profession.
6. She needs to finish the program to get a certificate.
7. I always run out of tape at the beginning of the term.
8. We came across a new book character.
9. The arguments he presented did not add up.
10. The teacher needs to break the lesson down.
11. They were asked to figure out the problem in an hour.

851. His favorite subject is social literature.
2. His favorite subject is social psychology.
3. His favorite subject is social statistics.
4. His favorite department is social statistics.
5. His least favorite department is social statistics.
6. His preferred department is social science.
7. Her preferred department is social science.
8. Her choice department is social science.
9. Her choice department was social science.

861. My profession allows me to meet new people.
2. My profession allows me to work with new graduates.
3. My profession doesn’t let me work with new graduates.
4. My certificate doesn’t let me work with old graduates.
5. Her certificate doesn’t let her work for old graduates.
6. Her certificate does let her work for old companies.
7. Her diploma does let her apply to old companies.

87

1. This is a classroom.
2. This is a huge classroom.
3. This is a huge classroom for English.
4. This is a huge new classroom for English.
5. This is a huge, new and high-tech classroom for English.

881. Anna came across a new road to her house. Repeat.
2. Anna came across a new road to her house. Change: school. --- [Anna cameacross a new road to her school.]
3. Anna came across a new road to her school. Change: street. --- [Anna cameacross a new street to her school.]
4. Anna came across a new street to her school. Change: will. --- [Anna will
come across a new street to her school.]
5. Anna will come across a new street to her school. Change: work. --- [Annawill come across a new street to her work.]
6. Anna will come across a new street to her work. Change: church. --- [Annawill come across a new street to her church.]
7. Anna will come across a new street to her church. Change: Adam. --- [Adamwill come across a new street to his church.]
8. Adam will come across a new street to his church. Change: comes. --- [Adamcomes across a new street to his church.]89

1. Ideas for his literature class don’t add up. Repeat.
2. Ideas for his literature class don’t add up. Change: numbers, statistics. --[Numbers for his statistics class don’t add up.]
3. Numbers for his statistics class don’t add up. Change: cases, psychology. --[Cases for his psychology class don’t add up.]
4. Cases for his psychology class don’t add up. Change: their, project. --[Cases for their psychology project don’t add up.]
5. Cases for their psychology project don’t add up. Change: projects,
certificates. --- [Projects for their psychology certificates don’t add up.]
6. Projects for their psychology certificates don’t add up. Change: my, math. --[Projects for my math certificate don’t add up.]
7. Projects for my math certificate don’t add up. Change: reports, add. --[Reports for my math certificate add up.]90

1. The professor likes breaking the lessons down for us. Change: them. --- [Theprofessor likes breaking lessons down for them.]
2. Sometimes, you need to figure things out on your own. Change: students. --[Sometimes, students need to figure things out on their own.]
3. Tapes are really useful for school projects. Change: activities. --- [Tapes arereally useful for school activities.]
4. My profession is teaching. Change: medicine. --- [My profession is medicine.]
5. He needs a bigger classroom. Change: smaller. --- [He needs a smallerclassroom.]
6. She has to buy tape to wrap a present. Change: package. --- [She has to buy
tape to wrap a package.]
7. I don’t have to break the details down for him. Change: have. --- [I have to
break the details down for him.]
8. She quickly figured the solution out. Change: slowly. --- [She slowly figured
the solution out.]91

1. Do you like literature? --- [Yes, I like / No, I don’t like literature.]
2. Are we in a classroom? --- [Yes, we are in a classroom.]
3. Did you take up statistics at school? --- [Yes, I took up / No, I didn’t take upstatistics at school.]
4. Did you get certificates at school? --- [Yes, I got certificates at school.]
5. Do you have to break your explanation down for a child? --- [Yes, you have to
break your explanation down for a child.]
6. Can you sometimes not figure problems out? -- -[Yes, I sometimes can’t
figure problems out.]
7. Do you have tape at home? --- [Yes, I have / No, I don’t have tape at home.]
8. Do you have a profession? --- [Yes, I have a profession.]

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

1. The survey they made was validated.
2. The requirements they made were controlled.
3. The fund they requested was controlled.
4. The fund they offered was accepted.
5. The feedback they gave was criticized.
6. The capacity they had was doubled.
7. The recovery they made was approved.

99

1. He is a so-called professional. Repeat.
2. He is a so-called professional. Add: and I. --- [He and I are so-called
professionals.]
3. He and I are so-called professionals. Add: chefs. --- [He and I are so-called
professional chefs.]
4. He and I are so-called professional chefs. Add: in our city. --- [He and I are socalled professional chefs in our city.]
5. He and I are so-called professional chefs in our city. Add: on the weekend. --[He and I are so-called professional chefs in our city on the weekend.]1001. Anna came across a new road to her house. Repeat.
2. Anna came across a new road to her house. Change: school. --- [Anna cameacross a new road to her school.]
3. Anna came across a new road to her school. Change: street. --- [Anna cameacross a new street to her school.]
4. Anna came across a new street to her school. Change: will. --- [Anna will
come across a new street to her school.]
5. Anna will come across a new street to her school. Change: work. --- [Annawill come across a new street to her work.]
6. Anna will come across a new street to her work. Change: church. --- [Annawill come across a new street to her church.]
7. Anna will come across a new street to her church. Change: Adam. --- [Adamwill come across a new street to his church.]
8. Adam will come across a new street to his church. Change: comes. --- [Adamcomes across a new street to his church.]101

1. Democracy was approved.
2. Democracy was approved last week.
3. Democracy was approved last week after the meeting.
4. Democracy was approved last week after the joint meeting.
5. Democracy was approved last week after the joint presidential meeting.

102

1. I lose track of time when I’m reading academic books. Repeat.
2. I lose track of time when I’m reading academic books. Change: lost, was. --- [Ilost track of time when I was reading academic books.]
3. I lost track of time when I was reading academic books. Change: we, papers. -- [We lost track of time when we were reading academic papers.]
4. We lost track of time when we were reading academic papers. Change: up to
something, looking for. --- [We were up to something when we were looking foracademic papers.]
5. We were up to something when we were looking for academic papers.
Change: he, while. --- [He was up to something while we were looking foracademic papers.]
6. He was up to something while we were looking for academic papers. Change:
they, articles. --- [He was up to something while they were looking for academic
articles.]7. He was up to something while they were looking for academic articles.
Change: unhelpful, I. --- [He was unhelpful while I was looking for academic
articles.]1031. The professor likes breaking lessons down for us. Change: them. --- [Theprofessor likes breaking lessons down for them.]
2. Sometimes, you need to figure things out on your own. Change: students. --[Sometimes, students need to figure things out on their own.]
3. Tapes are really useful for school projects. Change: activities. --- [Tapes arereally useful for school activities.]
4. My profession is teaching. Change: medicine. --- [My profession is medicine.]
5. He needs a bigger classroom. Change: smaller. --- [He needs a smallerclassroom.]
6. She has to buy tape to wrap a present. Change: package. --- [She has to buy
tape to wrap a package.]
7. I don’t have to break the details down for him. Change: have. --- [I have to
break the details down for him.]
8. She quickly figured the solution out. Change: slowly. --- [She slowly figured
the solution out.]

1041. Their feedback is not demanded.
2. Their satisfaction is not demanded.
3. Their satisfaction is not considered.
4. Their welfare is not considered.
5. Their capacity is not considered.
6. Their capacity is not checked.
7. Our capacity is not checked.
8. Our admission is not checked.

1051. We are consumers of coffee. Repeat.
2. We are consumers of coffee. Add: tea. --- [We are consumers of coffee andtea.]
3. We are consumers of coffee and tea. Change: they. --- [They are consumersof coffee and tea.]
4. They are consumers of coffee and tea. Change: buyers. --- [They are buyersof coffee and tea.]
5. They are buyers of coffee and tea. Transform: who. --- [Who are buyers ofcoffee and tea?]
6. They are buyers of coffee and tea. Transform: not. --- [They aren’t buyers ofcoffee and tea.]106

1. Ideas for his literature class don’t add up. Repeat.
2. Ideas for his literature class don’t add up. Change: numbers, statistics. --[Numbers for his statistics class don’t add up.]
3. Numbers for his statistics class don’t add up. Change: cases, psychology. --[Cases for his psychology class don’t add up.]
4. Cases for his psychology class don’t add up. Change: their, project. --[Cases for their psychology project don’t add up.]
5. Cases for their psychology project don’t add up. Change: projects,
certificates. --- [Projects for their psychology certificates don’t add up.]
6. Projects for their psychology certificates don’t add up. Change: my, math. -[Projects for my math certificate don’t add up.]
7. Projects for my math certificate don’t add up. Change: reports, add. --[Reports for my math certificate add up.]107

1. Do you like literature? --- [Yes, I like / No, I don’t like literature.]
2. Are we in a classroom? --- [Yes, we are in a classroom.]
3. Did you take up statistics at school? --- [Yes, I took up / No, I didn’t take upstatistics at school.]
4. Did you get certificates at school? --- [Yes, I got certificates at school.]
5. Do you have to break your explanation down for a child? --- [Yes, you have to
break your explanation down for a child.]
6. Can you sometimes not figure problems out? --- [Yes, I sometimes can’t
figure problems out.]
7. Do you have tape at home? --- [Yes, I have / No, I don’t have tape at home.
8. Do you have a profession? --- [Yes, I have a profession.]108

1. Critics have to be evaluated too. Repeat.
2. Critics have to be evaluated too. Transform: past simple. --- [Critics had to beevaluated too.]
3. My recovery was aided by good food and rest. Repeat.
4. My recovery was aided by good food and rest. Transform: future simple. --[My recovery will be aided by good food and rest.]
5. He told me work satisfaction had to be achieved. Repeat.
6. He told me work satisfaction had to be achieved. Transform: present simple. -- [He tells me work satisfaction has to be achieved.]
7. A person’s capacity to learn can be developed. Repeat.
8. A person’s capacity to learn can be developed. Transform: future simple. --[A person’s capacity to learn will be developed.]109

9. He collected taxes for years. Repeat.
10. He collected taxes for years. Transform: passive voice. --- [Taxes werecollected by him for years.]
11. They gave the institution enough funds. Repeat.
12. They gave the institution enough funds. Transform: passive voice. --[Enough funds were given to the institution.]
13. The country was led with democracy. Repeat.
14. The country was led with democracy. Transform: active voice. --- [They led
the country with democracy.]
15. They made my recovery quick. Repeat.
16. They made my recovery quick. Transform: passive voice. --- [My recovery
was made quick.]110

1. Product satisfaction has to be promoted.
2. That look tells me you are up to something.
3. They were asked to figure out the problem in an hour.
4. His capacity to deal with business was tested.
5. I lose track of time when I’m reading academic books.
6. My profession doesn’t let me work with new graduates.
7. The child’s recovery from an illness has been made easy.
8. These folks were big cheese consumers.

111

Lastly, the passive voice can be used when it is obvious who the doer of theaction is or when the doer is you, we, one, everybody or people in general.
For example:
The students have been given their grades. Computers are widelyused at school and at work.

1121. Coffee is usually drunk hot.
2. Tables in a restaurant are regularly cleaned.
3. Fruits and vegetables are best eaten fresh.
4. Bags are used for shopping.
5. Drinks in cafés should be made properly.
6. Children are also taught to be polite at school.
7. Photos are taken all over the world.
8. Furniture is designed in that factory.
9. Malls are visited every day.
10. Motorcycles are not driven in this city.

113

1. Paintings are sold in galleries. Repeat.
2. Paintings are sold in galleries. Change: shops. --- [Paintings are sold inshops.]
3. Paintings are sold in shops. Change: clothes. --- [Clothes are sold in shops.]
4. Clothes are sold in shops. Change: not. --- [Clothes are not sold in shops.]
5. Clothes are not sold in shops. Change: bookstores. --- [Clothes are not soldin bookstores.]6. Clothes are not sold in bookstores. Change: toys. --- [Toys are not sold inbookstores.]7. Toys are not sold in bookstores. Change: made. --- [Toys are not made inbookstores.]8. Toys are not made in bookstores. Change: shopping malls. --- [Toys are notmade in shopping malls.]

114

1. The internet is used all over the world.
2. Shoes are used all over the world.
3. Books are used all over the world.
4. Books are read all over the world.
5. Newspapers are read all over the world.
6. News is read all over the world.
7. Calls are made all over the world.
8. Emails are made all over the world.

115

1. The criminal was arrested yesterday.
2. The food was cooked yesterday.
3. The sculpture was sculpted yesterday.
4. The door was repaired yesterday.
5. The car was repaired last night.
6. The house was repaired last week.
7. The tree house was built last week.

116

1. tomorrow afternoon
2. by tomorrow afternoon
3. their report by tomorrow afternoon
4. hand in their report by tomorrow afternoon
5. to hand in their report by tomorrow afternoon
6. asked to hand in their report by tomorrow afternoon
7. are asked to hand in their report by tomorrow afternoon
8. Students are asked to hand in their report by tomorrow afternoon.

117

1. limited
2. strictest
3. disappointed
4. butcher
5. representative
6. personnel
7. queue
8. wire118

1. That driver was caught speeding. Repeat.
2. Change: lady. --- [That lady was caught speeding.]
3. Change: stealing. --- [That lady was caught stealing.]
4. Change: man. --- [That man was caught stealing.]
5. Change: this. --- [This man was caught stealing.]
6. Change: is. --- [This man is caught stealing.]
7. Change: woman. --- [This woman is caught stealing.]
8. Change: accused of. --- [This woman is accused of stealing.]

119

1. What are patients asked to do when they go to the hospital? Who asks them?
When did you last go to the hospital?
2. What do we put on our feet before wearing shoes? Do you like wearing shoes?
Are you particular with your socks?
3. What is put under the Christmas tree? Do you have a Christmas tree in
December? What else do you put under it?

120

121

1. Students are asked to hand in their report by tomorrow afternoon. ⤵
2. A hook, a screw, and many other small things were found in a bag. ⤵
3. He noticed the ladder had been transferred again. ⤵
4. She doesn’t get on with her disabled high school brother. ⤵
5. My mother had a change of heart when she saw my dad sick. ⤵

122

Please refer to the definition file.

123

124

1. Delivery for the orders will be next week.
2. To make a business profit is a struggle.
3. He has to do a money transfer to his business account.
4. Her replacement for her position came yesterday.
5. Profit came via merchandise sales.
6. I give attention to details.

125

7. You need a license to operate a business.
8. We need to get on with our work.
9. They are tasked to give out flyers.
10. It is hard to go against your boss.
11. People who are hard up can’t put up a business.
12. You have to speak your mind in the meeting.

126

1. She has to get on with schoolwork before summer ends. Repeat.
2. She has to get on with schoolwork before summer ends. Transform: who. --[Who has to get on with schoolwork before summer ends?]
3. I have a delivery for the next town. Repeat.
4. I have a delivery for the next town. Transform: where. --- [Where do I have adelivery for?]5. The bulb replacement he bought did not fit. Repeat.
6. The bulb replacement he bought did not fit. Transform: what. --- [What did notfit?]
7. He explained every detail clearly. Repeat.
8. He explained every detail clearly. Transform: who. --- [Who explained every
detail clearly?]127

9. This license enables them to sell alcoholic drinks. Repeat.
10. This license enables them to sell alcoholic drinks. Transform: what. --[What enables them to sell alcoholic drinks?]
11. We gave out free product samples this morning. Repeat.
12. We gave out free product samples this morning. Transform: when. --- [Whendid you give out free sample products?]
13. Hannah sometimes gets in trouble when she speaks her mind. Repeat.
14. Hannah sometimes gets in trouble when she speaks her mind. Transform:
when. --- [When does Hannah sometimes get in trouble?]
15. This hard-up old man lives in the train station. Repeat.
16. This hard-up old man lives in the train station. Transform: where. --- [Where
does the hard-up old man live?]1281. Adam made a delivery to the bank.
2. Adam made a transfer to the bank.
3. Adam made a transfer with the bank.
4. Adam had a transfer with the bank.
5. Adam had a struggle with the bank.
6. We had a struggle with the bank.
7. We had a struggle with the law.
8. We had a struggle with the details.

129

1. My supervisor advised me to get on with my report.
2. My manager advised me to get on with my presentation.
3. Her manager told her to get on with her presentation.
4. Her co-worker asked her to get on with her presentation.
5. Her co-worker asked him not to get on with his presentation.
6. Dan’s co-workers asked Aly not to get on with her presentation.
7. Dan’s boss asked me not to get on with my presentation.

130

1. We are hard up.
2. We are so hard up.
3. We are so hard up nowadays.
4. We are so hard up nowadays because we went against our boss.
5. We are so hard up nowadays because we went against our bad boss.

1311. The employee received the cash replacement via mail. Repeat.
2. The employee received the cash replacement via mail. Change: license. --[The employee received the license replacement via mail.]
3. The employee received the license replacement via mail. Change: detail. --[The employee received the detail replacement via mail.]
4. The employee received the detail replacement via mail. Change: transfer. --[The employee received the detail transfer via mail.]
5. The employee received the detail transfer via mail. Change: didn’t. --- [Theemployee didn’t receive the detail transfer via mail.]
6. The employee didn’t receive the detail transfer via mail. Change: send. --[The employee didn’t send the detail transfer via mail.]
7. The employee didn’t send the detail transfer via mail. Change: email. --- [Theemployee didn’t send the detail transfer via email.]
8. The employee didn’t send the detail transfer via email. Change: employer. --[The employer didn’t send the detail transfer via email.]132

[1. The old lamp needs replacement.][2. Food delivery is always before eight in the morning.][3. He came down from the building via stairs.][4. I inspected every detail of the menu before approving it.]
[5. They lost their operating license last month.]133

1. Have you ever gone against your manager’s decision?
2. Were you ever hard up?
3. In what situation do you speak your mind?
4. What do people on the streets give out?
5. What struggle did you have with the English language?
6. Have you ever had a plane transfer?

134

Please refer to the definition file.

135

136

1. There are stalls put up for the holidays.
2. The construction of the new office is delayed.
3. This city has a lot of housing projects.
4. Lightning scares most children.
5. Our house is near a lake.
6. There’s a lot of mud today because of the rain.

137

7. Boilers were used as part of the heating system before.
8. There are more houses in rural areas.
9. Commercial buildings are in demand in the city.
10. We have to wait for their signal before moving into the house.
11. He had good fortune working abroad.
12. The new house features a huge swimming pool.

138

1. He found bad fortune when he worked in construction. Repeat.
2. He found bad fortune when he worked in construction. Change: we, invested.
--- [We found bad fortune when we invested in construction.]
3. We found bad fortune when we invested in construction. Change: good,
housing. --- [We found good fortune when we invested in housing.]
4. We found good fortune when we invested in housing. Change: they, after. --[They found good fortune after they invested in housing.]
5. They found good fortune after they invested in housing. Change: had, boilers.
--- [They had good fortune after they invested in boilers.]
6. They had good fortune after they invested in boilers. Change: I, restaurants. -- [I had good fortune after I invested in restaurants.]
7. I had good fortune after I invested in restaurants. Change: Dave, cafes. --[Dave had good fortune after he invested in cafes.]1391. The lightning was visible from the house.
2. The lake was visible from the stall.
3. His signal was visible from the stall.
4. His signal was visible from the construction site.
5. His signal was not visible from the housing site.
6. His stall was not clear from the housing site.
7. His stalls were clear from the commercial site.

1401. the Christmas season
2. during the Christmas season
3. vendors during the Christmas season
4. for vendors during the Christmas season
5. stalls for vendors during the Christmas season
6. commercial stalls for vendors during the Christmas season
7. features commercial stalls for vendors during the Christmas season
8. The city center features commercial stalls for vendors during the Christmas
season.

141

1. Rural places may have more housing.
2. Commercial places may have more housing.
3. Commercial places may have less housing.
4. Commercial places may have fewer boilers.
5. Commercial places may have more boilers.
6. Commercial buildings may have more boilers.
7. Commercial buildings may have more people.
8. Commercial buildings may have more furniture.

142

1. Does lightning come before thunder? Yes, lightning … --- [Yes, lightning
comes before thunder.]2. Can you swim in the lake? Yes, you can … --- [Yes, you can swim in the lake.]
3. Is there much mud during the rainy season? Yes, there is … --- [Yes, there ismuch mud during the rainy season.]
4. Are there farms in the rural area? Yes, there are … --- [Yes, there are farms in
the rural area.]
5. Is it safe to give a signal when crossing the street? Yes, it is … --- [Yes, it issafe to give a signal when crossing the street.]
6. Do magazines feature popular products? Yes, magazines … --- [Yes,magazines feature popular products.]

1431. Everyone have to wait for the coach’s signal. --- [incorrect – Everyone has to
wait for the coach’s signal.]
2. Is the lake near your house? --- [correct]
3. You don’t want mud in your house. --- [correct]
4. There are stalls in street markets. -- [correct]
5. Great fortune can run out. --- [correct]
6. Animals need housing too. --- [correct]
7. Construction are going on. --- [incorrect - Construction is going on.]
8.This room doesn’t have good lightning. --- [incorrect – This room doesn’t
have good lighting.]

144

1. Have you seen a lake up close?
2. Do you often get mud on your shoes?
3. Does your house have a boiler?
4. Do you live in a rural area?
5. Does your city feature a huge shopping mall?
6. Does it have a commercial area?

145

146

147

148

149

150

151

1. limited
2. strictest
3. disappointed
4. butcher
5. representative
6. personnel
7. queue
8. wire152

1. Paintings are sold in galleries. Repeat.
2. Paintings are sold in galleries. Change: shops. --- [Paintings are sold inshops.]
3. Paintings are sold in shops. Change: clothes. --- [Clothes are sold in shops.]
4. Clothes are sold in shops. Change: not. --- [Clothes are not sold in shops.]
5. Clothes are not sold in shops. Change: bookstores. --- [Clothes are not soldin bookstores.]6. Clothes are not sold in bookstores. Change: toys. --- [Toys are not sold inbookstores.]7. Toys are not sold in bookstores. Change: made. --- [Toys are not made inbookstores.]8. Toys are not made in bookstores. Change: shopping malls. --- [Toys are notmade in shopping malls.]

153

1. She has to get on with schoolwork before summer ends. Repeat.
2. She has to get on with schoolwork before summer ends. Transform: who. --[Who has to get on with schoolwork before summer ends?]
3. I have a delivery for the next town. Repeat.
4. I have a delivery for the next town. Transform: where. --- [Where do I have adelivery for?]5. The bulb replacement he bought did not fit. Repeat.
6. The bulb replacement he bought did not fit. Transform: what. --- [What did notfit?]
7. He explained every detail clearly. Repeat.
8. He explained every detail clearly. Transform: who. --- [Who explained every
detail clearly?]154

9. This license enables them to sell alcoholic drinks. Repeat.
10. This license enables them to sell alcoholic drinks. Transform: what. --[What enables them to sell alcoholic drinks?]
11. We gave out free product samples this morning. Repeat.
12. We gave out free product samples this morning. Transform: when. --- [Whendid you give out free sample products?]
13. Hannah sometimes gets in trouble when she speaks her mind. Repeat.
14. Hannah sometimes gets in trouble when she speaks her mind. Transform:
when. --- [When does Hannah sometimes get in trouble?]
15. This hard-up old man lives in the train station. Repeat.
16. This hard-up old man lives in the train station. Transform: where. --- [Where
does the hard-up old man live?]1551. The internet is used all over the world.
2. Shoes are used all over the world.
3. Books are used all over the world.
4. Books are read all over the world.
5. Newspapers are read all over the world.
6. News is read all over the world.
7. Calls are made all over the world.
8. Emails are made all over the world.

156

1. tomorrow afternoon
2. by tomorrow afternoon
3. their report by tomorrow afternoon
4. hand in their report by tomorrow afternoon
5. to hand in their report by tomorrow afternoon
6. asked to hand in their report by tomorrow afternoon
7. are asked to hand in their report by tomorrow afternoon
8. Students are asked to hand in their report by tomorrow afternoon.

157

1. The employee received the cash replacement via mail. Repeat.
2. The employee received the cash replacement via mail. Change: license. --[The employee received the license replacement via mail.]
3. The employee received the license replacement via mail. Change: detail. --[The employee received the detail replacement via mail.]
4. The employee received the detail replacement via mail. Change: transfer. --[The employee received the detail transfer via mail.]
5. The employee received the detail transfer via mail. Change: didn’t. --- [Theemployee didn’t receive the detail transfer via mail.]
6. The employee didn’t receive the detail transfer via mail. Change: send. --[The employee didn’t send the detail transfer via mail.]
7. The employee didn’t send the detail transfer via mail. Change: email. --- [Theemployee didn’t send the detail transfer via email.]
8. The employee didn’t send the detail transfer via email. Change: employer. --[The employer didn’t send the detail transfer via email.]158

1. That driver was caught speeding. Repeat.
2. Change: lady. --- [That lady was caught speeding.]
3. Change: stealing. --- [That lady was caught stealing.]
4. Change: man. --- [That man was caught stealing.]
5. Change: this. --- [This man was caught stealing.]
6. Change: is. --- [This man is caught stealing.]
7. Change: woman. --- [This woman is caught stealing.]
8. Change: accused of. --- [This woman is accused of stealing.]

159

1. Students are asked to hand in their report by tomorrow afternoon. ⤵
2. A hook, a screw, and many other small things were found in a bag. ⤵
3. He noticed the ladder had been transferred again. ⤵
4. She doesn’t get on with her disabled high school brother. ⤵
5. My mother had a change of heart when she saw my dad sick. ⤵

160

1. He found bad fortune when he worked in construction. Repeat.
2. He found bad fortune when he worked in construction. Change: we, invested.
--- [We found bad fortune when we invested in construction.]
3. We found bad fortune when we invested in construction. Change: good,
housing. --- [We found good fortune when we invested in housing.]
4. We found good fortune when we invested in housing. Change: they, after. --[They found good fortune after they invested in housing.]
5. They found good fortune after they invested in housing. Change: had, boilers.
--- [They had good fortune after they invested in boilers.]
6. They had good fortune after they invested in boilers. Change: I, restaurants. -- [I had good fortune after I invested in restaurants.]
7. I had good fortune after I invested in restaurants. Change: Dave, cafes. --[Dave had good fortune after he invested in cafes.]161

1. We are hard up.
2. We are so hard up.
3. We are so hard up nowadays.
4. We are so hard up nowadays because we went against our boss.
5. We are so hard up nowadays because we went against our bad boss.

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[1. The old lamp needs replacement.][2. Food delivery is always before eight in the morning.][3. He came down from the building via stairs.][4. I inspected every detail of the menu before approving it.]
[5. They lost their operating license last month.]163

1. Paintings are sold in galleries. Write.
Change: shops. --- [Paintings are sold in shops.]
2. This woman is caught stealing. Write.
Change: accused of. --- [This woman is accused of stealing.]
3. Toys are not made in bookstores. Write.
Change: shopping malls. --- [Toys are not made in shopping malls.]
4. The employee received the license replacement via mail. Write.
Change: detail. --- [The employee received the detail replacement via mail.]164

5. He found bad fortune when he worked in construction. Write.
Change: invested. --- [He found bad fortune when he invested in construction.]
6. That driver was caught speeding. Write.
Change: lady. --- [That lady was caught speeding.]
7. I had a good fortune after I invested in restaurants. Write.
Change: cafes. --- [I had good fortune after I invested in cafes.]165

1. We can use would to describe a repeated past action or habit.
Example: I would often go to the park and read last summer.

2. Would + always can mean an extreme habit in the past or willingness to doan action repeatedly but had already stopped. The opposite is expressed bywould + never.
Examples: She would always say no to everything when we were little.
As a teenager, he would never allow anyone in his room.

3. You cannot use would to describe past states, only with action verbs.
Examples: Brian would cook breakfast when he was at home. - correct
We would live in town when we were there. - incorrect.

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1. Those children would rarely play separately last year.
2. In 1989, he would go out every Friday and party all night.
3. We would stay in our pajamas the whole day last winter.
4. In the past, ships would sail in the ocean for months.
5. I would clean the cupboard every weekend when I was living alone.
6. Clara would sell her clothes to buy new ones when she was younger.
7. Abie would buy a drink with every meal after she got promoted.
8. When this happened in the past, Allison would get angry.
9. They would come over to our house when we were there.
10. When you were five, you would just grab sweets from the counter.

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1. He would swim every day when he was in Spain.
2. They would swim every day when they were in Spain.
3. They would bike every weekend when they were in Spain.
4. We would bike every weekend when we were in Spain.
5. We would talk every other day when we were in Spain.
6. We would go dancing every other day when we were in Cuba.
7. We would go clubbing every other day when we were in America.

1681. I would wash up.
2. I would wash up every day.
3. I would wash up every day and every night.
4. I would wash up every day and every night before we moved.
5. I would wash up every day and every night before we moved house.

1691. Ten years ago, I would eat a lot of junk food.
2. Ten years ago, I would eat a lot of bad food.
3. Five years ago, I would eat a lot of bad food.
4. Five years ago, I would eat lots of bad food.
5. Five years ago, I would buy lots of bad food.
6. Five years ago, I would order lots of bad food.
7. Two years ago, I would order lots of bad food.
8. Twenty years ago, I would order lots of bad food.

1701. before eating her breakfast
2. the bed before eating her breakfast
3. make the bed before eating her breakfast
4. always make the bed before eating her breakfast
5. would always make the bed before eating her breakfast
6. grandma would always make the bed before eating her breakfast
7. His grandma would always make the bed before eating her breakfast.

171

1. beloved
2. democracy
3. capacity
4. disabled
5. garage172

1. Last year, Shaun would make drinks for everyone. Repeat.
2. Last year, Shaun would make drinks for everyone. Change: food. --- [Lastyear, Shaun would make food for everyone.]
3. Last year, Shaun would make food for everyone. Add: at the center. --- [Lastyear, Shaun would make food for everyone at the center.]
4. Last year, Shaun would make food for everyone at the center. Change: month.
--- [Last month, Shaun would make food for everyone at the center.]
5. Last month, Shaun would make food for everyone at the center. Change:
Susan. --- [Last month, Susan would make food for everyone at the center.]
6. Last month, Susan would make food for everyone at the center. Transform:
where. --- [Where would Susan make food for everyone last month?]
7. Where would Susan make food for everyone last month? Transform: past
simple. --- [Where did Susan make food for everyone last month?]
8. Where did Susan make food for everyone last month? Change: soup. --[Where did Susan make soup for everyone last month?]173

[1. Adam would display all his toys when he was little.][2. A tree would be put up every Christmas in our living room before.][3. Who would give presents when we were little?][4. Jenny would wrap all gifts for Christmas.]174

[5. Gifts would be distributed to everyone until last year.][6. He would eat anything until he reached thirty.][7. Mum would put flowers on the table when she was still alive.][8. My brother would not cook when he lived with our mum.]175

1. She would listen to music in her car in high school. --- [correct]
2. They would smell bad when they were young. --- [incorrect]
3. Before getting married, Hannah would not threw away all leftover food after
Christmas. --- [incorrect – Before getting married, Hannah would not throw
away all the leftover food after Christmas. ]4. I would drink less water when I was young. --- [correct]
5. As a kid, he would be whining if you didn’t listen to him. --- [incorrect – As akid, he would whine if you didn’t listen to him.]
6. They would always drive home from the airport before their car got stolen. --[correct]
7. Two years ago, she would dress badly. --- [correct]
8. He would never act like that before the accident. --- [correct]

176

1. screw
2. blocked
3. bombed
4. aspect
5. welfare
6. obvious
7. nuisance
8. bulb
9. visible
10. cupboard

177