Industrial Wastewater Management in Thailand
Dr. Chaiyo Juisiri
Director of Inland Water Section,
Pollution Control Department

Dr. Wimalin Klaewtanong
Environmentalist, Senior Professional Level
Pollution Control Department

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Water Environment Partnership in Asia (WEPA)
Annual Meeting and the WEPA International
Workshop 15th. On February 6 – 8th, 2020 at
Grande Centre Point Ploenchit, Bangkok.

Presentation Structure

Laws and Regulations
Industrial Wastewater Quality
Standards: General and Specific
type

Overview of Industrial wastewaterin Thailand

Countermeasures
Current mitigation forproblems, Technologies andNeeds.

Industrial statistics andEnvironmental Impact.

DESIGNED BY GRAPHICBULBOverview of Industrial wastewater
In Thailand

IndustriesinThailand
107 types followed Notification of the Ministry of Science Technology and Environment No.4 B.E. 2539 (1996)
issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of the National Environmental Quality Act B.E. 2535 (1992)

Large, medium, small and household industrial groups
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Number of Industries in Thailand 2008 - 2018
145000- Number of industries had increased
from 2008 – 2014, then been stable.

140000- The Eastern Economic Corridor(EEC) Development Plan has beenlaunched in 2017, therefore, thenumber of some industries types
increased in this area significantly.

No of Industries

1350001300001250001200001150002008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 D2014
E S I G N2015
E D B 2016
Y G R A2017
P H I C B2018
ULB

Overview of Problematic Industry

https://workpermit.co.th/blog/4-technologies-that-will-disrupt-the-petrochemical-industry/

https://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/5513/textile-effluent-treatment-an-ecofriendly-approach

1. High Risk Industry Group 2. High Pollution Industry GroupFrequent accident such aspetrochemical industry, ethanolindustry, sugar industry and coldstorage industry.

Has difficulty comply with effluent
standard such as starch industry,
textile Pulp and paper industry andleather tanning industry.
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3. Low Capacity for Environmental
Management Group
Discharge wastewater withouttreatment such as small industry(SME) and community factory

NUMBER AND PERCENTILE OF INDUSTRIES IN
THAILAND BY SIZE (2017)30%
57%
groupe3,78,798

group1,42,465

NUMBER AND PERCENTILE OF LABORS BY SIZE (2017)3%92%

group1,111,311

group3,3,697,070

13%group2,18,183

Group 1 : small,Group 2 : medium and Group 3 = Large
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5%group2,200,956

BOD loading of industrial sector
1,200,000

BOD loading (kgBOD/day)

1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000201620172018 year

The BOD
loading has
been increasing
according to theincreasing
number ofindustries.
However, it
must becontrolled
under thecarrying
capacity of eacharea.

Map of Small Industries in Thailand- Massive number and cause wastewater pollution insome areas,- In 2014, there was report that indicated the small andcommunity factory contributing only 6% of BOD
loading to rivers.

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Water Quality Map of Thailand

WQI-Thailand announced surface water quality
standard for 59 rivers and reservoirs,-Only 9 rivers met the surface water
quality standard,-The main pollution sources are fromdomestic and industrial sector,-Large and Medium Industries are more
enforced to reduce pollution load
discharging to rivers.
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Laws and Regulations
Industrial Wastewater Quality
Standards and Monitoring
Mechanism

Core Value

Ministry of Natural Resourceand Environment (MNRE)

Accuracy, Fairness, Teamwork,
Prompt Situation and Public Benefit
VisionEnhancement and Conservationof National EnvironmentalQuality Act (NEQA 1992)

Pollution Control Department(PCD)

Pollution Control Department Protect environment, control and solve pollution
problem to make environmental quality within the standard by 2026.

Mission
1. To develop an appropriate standards, tools and mechanism for pollution management inrelation to economic, social and technological phenomenon.
2. To enhance staff’s capacity, information technology and innovation on pollution management.
3. To communicate, expand cooperation and strengthen stakeholder’s participation on pollution
management.
4. To control, supervise and develop environmental laws regarding to pollution management.
5. To coordinate cooperation on pollution management with related organizations both nationaland international levels.

Relative Organizations for Industrial wastewater management in Thailand

Pollution Control Department

Industry Department

Public Health Department

Enhancement and conservation of National
Environmental Act (NEQA 1992)

Factory Act (FA 1992 and 2018) andSubstance Act (HAS 1992).

Public Health Act (PHA 1992).

Other such as Ministry of LaborD–E SOccupational
I G N E D B Y G RSafety,
A P H I C HealthB U L B and Environment Act (OSHE 2011)

Thai Environmental Standards for Industry
Ambient Standards
Surface Water Quality Std.
Coastal Water Quality Std.
Ground Water Quality Std.
Ambient Air Std.

VOCs in Ambient Air Std.
Ambient Noise Std.

Vibration from Mining and Quarry Std.

Effluent Standards
Wastewater Effluent General std.
Wastewater Effluent Specific Std.
Water Reuse Guideline
General Emission std.
Emission Std. For Waste Incinerators
Emission Std. For Mining and Quarry
Emission Std. For Cement Plants
Emission Std. For Gasoline Terminals

Current Problem

Inspection and ComplianceDepartment of Industrial work(DIW) is the main role ofinspection. In case of complaint,
PCD always contact DIW firstly
before starting inspection
procedure.

Operating Control Mechanism
Normally, if PCD find afactory not following the eff.
Std., PCD passes theinformation to DIW because
DIW authorizes all factories.

Renewing Factory group
DIW authorizes the factory
which operates machines 50
HP up or 50 labors. The restof factory are under local
government.

Insufficient Potential
Local government is lack ofofficer to inspect all medium
and small factories. This isthe serious concern how tocontrol them.

DESIGNED BY GRAPHICBULBChallenges in Monitoring
Number of factories
Approximately 140,000 factories in 77
provinces but only 3 inspections officers
per province for DIW and 40 officers for
PCD
Laboratory availability
Requires accredited laboratory.
Expenditure conditions.

Insufficient Monitoring tools
Effluent from factory requires tools orequipment more than pH meter.

Monitoring mechanism
In some cases, PCD is asked to monitor
along DIW or other agencies just becauseof confirmation.

Environmental awarenessSome factory owners are lack ofenvironmental awareness/ethics.

Data Exchanging
Between government agencies is notcommon thus there are some repetitiveworks.

Findoutsolution
andDESIGN E DtheBY G
RAPHICBUL B tools

Countermeasures
Current mitigation forproblems, Technologies andNeeds.
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Green Industry
Improvement and focus on social
responsibility which supports
sustainable development policy.
Permit system
Pollution sources must register fordischarging permit.
Control measure for small and community industry
Using Best Practical Control
Technology (BPT) or specific eff. Std.
for this kind of industry.
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Eff. Std. Improvement
Development of industry-specificeffluent control std. such slaughter
industry, power plant etc.
Authorized Third Party
In order to reduce the gap of lacking
officers to monitor, Authorized Third
Party will support this duty.
Community Network
Monitoring industry surrounding bycommunity network via application orother communication process.

Green Industry
The definition of Green Industry must be an establishment, which has
continuous improvement and corporate social responsibility, seek sustainabledevelopment, thereby involving its supply chain in the development, in order to growor advance together.
Continue
Improvement

GreenIndustry
Corporate
SocialResponsibility

Permit system (beginning phase)
PCD

Authorization agency

Local Government• Study of carrying capacity,• Assess BOD Loading from pollution sources,• Prepare environmental management knowledge,• Integrate Public participation• Improve Laws and regulations related to permit system• Link information of pollution emission from point sources,• Encourage point sources owners apply clean technology,• Encourage /, Clean Development Mechanism, CDM/Very Small
Power Producer, VSPP)/ waste utilization• Monitor effluent to meet standards.

• Practice to monitor effluent quality,• Study laws and regulations related to Permit system

Authorized Third Party (concept)

Authorized Third Party
Hire

Point source owner

1. Audit and certify
2. Prepare report

Inform the result

Government agency

3. Inform the owner

Control measure for small and community industry- Applying Best Practical Control Technology (BPT),- Establishment the specific effluent Standards for thiskind of industry,- Set guideline or code of practice for small andcommunity industry

Community Network- In Thailand, there are many networks to protect their rivers,- Government supports and trains volunteers and afterward being Local
Environment Volunteer,- LEV can contact Provincial Offices for Natural Resources andEnvironment in each province or call PCD at 1650.

Adopting trusted standards and risk assessments

Local level

Nationallevel

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Internationallevel

Key of success

Practicalstandards
Practicalmeasures
Practical goals