‫ޟ‬ᚢ⇛ᵴ↪ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ⺖㗴೑↪ႎ๔ᦠ‫ޠ‬ታᣉ⺖㗴⇟ภ㧦2005B0877
ታᣉ⺖㗴ฬ㧦X ✢ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣᴺߦࠃࠆ⃿⁁⓭⿠਄ࠍṖࠆࠧࡓߩធ⸅⁁ᘒ⸃ᨆታ㛎⽿છ⠪ᚲዻᯏ㑐㧦ᮮᵿࠧࡓᩣᑼળ␠ ࠲ࠗࡗ᧚ᢱ⸳⸘ㇱታ㛎⽿છ⠪᳁ฬ㧦⍹Ꮉ ᵏᒄ૶↪ࡆ࡯ࡓ࡜ࠗࡦ㧦BL19B2㧝㧚ታ㛎ߩ⋡⊛࠲ࠗࡗ↪ߩࠧࡓߦߪ‫ޔ‬቟ోᕈߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬೙േᤨ޽ࠆ޿ߪᣓ࿁ᤨߩ㜞޿៺ᡂജ߇ⷐ᳞ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߪࡗࠗ࠲ޕ‬ㅢᏱ‫〝࠻࡞ࠔࡈࠬࠕޔ‬㕙ߥߤߩ⓭⿠ࠍᜬߞߚ〝㕙਄ࠍ⿛ⴕߔࠆ‫ࠍ⿠⓭ޕ‬ᜬߞߚ〝㕙਄ࠍṖࠆࠧࡓߩ៺ᡂജߦߪ‫〝ߣࡓࠧޔ‬㕙ߩធ⸅⇇㕙ߢ↢ߓࠆಝ⌕ߩ㗄ߣࠧࡓߩᄌᒻߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆࡅࠬ࠹࡝ࠪࠬߩ㗄߇ነਈߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ 1)‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫〝ߣࡓࠧޔ‬㕙ߩធ⸅㕙Ⓧ‫⿠⓭߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬਄ࠍṖࠆ㓙ߩࠧࡓߩᄌᒻ㊂߇‫៺ߩࡓࠧޔ‬ᡂജߦᄢ߈ߥᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫᧼ࠬ࡜ࠟࠍࡓࠧޔߦߢ߹ࠇߎޕ‬਄ߢ៺ᡂߐߖ‫ޔ‬ਅ㕙߆ࠄធ⸅⁁ᘒࠍⷰኤߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ࠧࡓߣࠟ࡜ࠬߩធ⸅㕙Ⓧࠍ⷗Ⓧ߽ࠆᬌ⸛߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ 2)‫ࠍ⿠⓭ޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᜬߞߚ〝㕙ߣࠧࡓߣࠍ៺ᡂߐߖ‫ޔ‬ធ⸅㕙Ⓧߣᄌᒻ㊂ࠍหᤨߦ᷹ⷰߒ‫៺ޔ‬ᡂജߣ㑐ㅪߟߌߚ⎇ⓥߪ߶ߣࠎߤ
ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ࠍࠢ࠶࡜ࡉࡦࡏ࡯ࠞޔߪࡓࠧࠆࠇࠄ޿↪ߦ↪ࡗࠗ࠲ޔߦ․ޕ‬ᆎ߼ߣߔࠆฦ⒳㈩ว೷ࠍ㈩วߒߡ޿ࠆߚ߼ߦਇㅘ᣿ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߦ߼ߚߩߘޕ‬ᓥ᧪ߩᚻᴺߢߪ‫ߩࡓࠧ↪ࡗࠗ࠲ޔ‬ធ⸅
㕙Ⓧߣᄌᒻ㊂ࠍหᤨߦ᷹ⷰߔࠆߎߣߪ࿎㔍ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫៺ࠍ⿠⓭⁁⃿ߣࡓࠧ↪ࡗࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᡂߐߖ‫ޔ‬X ✢ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣᴺࠍ↪޿ߡࠧࡓߣ〝㕙ߩធ⸅㕙Ⓧ߅ࠃ߮ࠧࡓߩᄌᒻ㊂ࠍⷰኤߒ‫៺ߩࡓࠧޔ‬ᡂࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓࠍ⸃᣿ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬ㅢᏱߩ X ✢ߢߪ 1 ↹௝ࠍᓧࠆߩߦᢙಽ߆ࠄᢙචಽࠍⷐߔࠆߚ߼‫៺ޔ‬ᡂ⹜㛎ߣหᤨߦធ⸅㕙Ⓧߣᄌᒻ㊂ࠍ᷹ⷰߔࠆߎߣߪ࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬SPring-8 ߩ㜞ノᐲ X ✢ࠍ↪޿ࠇ߫‫ߩࡓࠧޔ‬ᄌᒻ᜼േࠍ࡝ࠕ࡞࠲ࠗࡓߢ᷹ⷰߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߢߎߎޕ‬ᓧࠄࠇߚ⚿ᨐࠍ೑↪ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅࠧࡓߩ㜞៺ᡂജൻ߇น⢻ߣߥࠅ‫࠼ࡦ࠙ࡄࡦࠦ↪ࡗࠗ࠲ޔ‬㐿⊒ߦᓎ┙ߡࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞㧚ታ㛎ᣇᴺSPring-8 ߩ BL19B2 ࠍ↪޿‫ޔ‬X ✢ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣᴺߦࠃࠆേ↹᷹ቯࠍታᣉߒߚ
(Fig.1)‫ޕ‬X ✢ᒝᐲߪ 25KeV ߣߒ‫࡜ࡔࠞޔ‬ߪ C4742-95-12NRB ࠍ↪޿‫࠾ࡕࡓ࡯ࡆޔ‬࠲࡯ߪ f ୯߇ 50mm ߩ߽ߩࠍ↪޿ߚ‫⹜ޕ‬ᢱ㧙ࠞࡔ࡜㑆〒㔌ߪ 441mm ߣߒ‫ޔ‬㔺಴ᤨ㑆 111ms ߢㅪ⛯᠟ᓇߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬៺ᡂ⁁ᘒߩേ↹ࠍᓧࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ‫ߎޕ‬ߩേ↹ߩⓨ㑆ಽ⸃⢻ߪ 10ȝm ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ࠧࡓ⹜ᢱߪ‫ޔ‬SBR 100 ㊀㊂ㇱߦኻߒࠞ࡯ࡏࡦࡉ࡜࠶ࠢ޽ࠆ޿ߪࠪ࡝ࠞࠍ 0, 25, Fig.1 Measuring system of X-ray imaging.
50, 70 ㇱ㈩วߒߚ߽ߩࠍ↪޿ߚ‫⹜ޕ‬ᢱߩᒻ⁁ߪ‫ޔ‬ෘߺ߇ 3mm ޽ࠆ޿ߪ 5mm ߢ⋥ᓘ߇ 5cm ߩ౞╴⁁ߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬⋧ᚻ〝㕙ߪ‫⋥ޔ‬ᓘ߇ 1, 3, 6mm ߩ⃿ࠍ⋥✢਄ߦਗߴߚ߽ߩࠍ↪޿ߚ‫ޔࠬ࡜ࠟޔߪ⾰᧚ߩ⃿ޕ‬ࠕ࡞ࡒ࠽‫ޕߚߒ↪૶ࠇߙࠇߘࠍࡦࡠࡈ࠹ޔࠬ࡟ࡦ࠹ࠬޔ‬៺ᡂ⹜㛎ߪ‫ޔ‬Fig.2 ߦ␜ߔ⋥ㅴᑼߩ៺ᡂ⹜㛎ᯏࠍ↪޿ߡ᷹ቯߒߚ‫⹜ߩߎޕ‬㛎ᯏߪ‫ޔ‬Ꮐฝߦ⒖േน⢻ߥࠬ࠹࡯ࠫ਄ߦవߩ〝㕙ࠍ⾍ࠅઃߌ‫ߩߘޔ‬਄ߦ౞╴⁁ߩࠧࡓ⹜㛎 ࠍ᛼ઃߌߡ៺ᡂߐߖࠆⵝ⟎ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬౞╴ဳࠧࡓ⹜㛎 ࠍⵝ⌕ߔࠆ࿁ォゲߪࠢ࡜࠶࠴ࠍ஻߃ߡ߅ࠅ‫৻ޔ‬ቯᣇะߦߒ߆࿁
ォߢ߈ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦߒߡ޽ࠆ‫៺ޕ‬ᡂജߪ‫⹜ࡓࠧޔ‬㛎 ࠍᡰᜬߔࠆᐔⴕ᧼߫ߨߦขࠅઃߌߚ߭ߕߺ− 159 −ࠥ࡯ࠫߦࠃࠅᬌ಴ߒ‫ޔ‬KEYENCE ⵾ DATALOGGER NR-600 ࠍ↪޿ߡ‫ޔ‬20ms Ფߦࠨࡦࡊ࡝ࡦࠣߒߚ‫ࠍ࡯ࠨࡦ࠮ߪࠫ࡯࠹ࠬޕ‬஻߃ߡ߅ࠅ‫࡯ࠨࡦ࠮ޔ‬૏⟎ߦ೔㆐ߔࠆߣㅴⴕᣇ
ะ߇෻ォߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߒߡ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫⹜ޔ‬㛎㐿ᆎ⋥ᓟߩࠧࡓ⹜ᢱߪ⥄↱ォേߒ〝㕙਄ࠍォ߇ࠆ߇‫〝ޔ‬㕙߇ቯ૏⟎ߦ㆐ߔࠆߣㅴⴕ
ᣇะ߇෻ォߒ‫⹜ࡓࠧޔ‬ᢱߪ࿕ቯߐࠇߡ〝㕙਄ࠍṖࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬Ṗࠅㅦᐲࠍ 0.1, 0.3,0.6mm/s ߣߒ‫⩄ޔ‬㊀ࠍ 1.3N ޽ࠆ޿ߪ 2.5Nߣߒߚ‫៺ޕ‬ᡂജߪ෻ォ૏⟎ߦࠃߞߡ‫៺ޔ‬ᡂ
ജߣ X ✢േ↹ߣࠍหᦼߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬

Fig.2

Friction apparatus.

㪝㫉㫀㪺㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪝㫆㫉㪺㪼㩷㩿㪥㪀㪝㫉㫀㪺㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪝㫆㫉㪺㪼㩷㩿㪥㪀㧟㧚⚿ᨐߣ⠨ኤ㪈㪉ઍ⴫⊛ߥ‫៺ޔ‬ᡂജ㧙៺ᡂᤨ㑆ᦛ✢ࠍ Fig.3 ߦࠧࡓ ߪ⃿਄ࠍṖࠆ㪈㪇 ࠧࡓ ߪ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬Fig.3 ߪ‫ߩࠫ࡯࠹ࠬޔ‬ㅴⴕᣇะ߇෻ォߒߚ⃿਄ࠍ૏⟎ࠍ 0s ߣߒ‫ޔ‬0s એਅߩ㗔ၞߪࠧࡓ⹜ᢱ߇⥄㪏 ォ߇ࠆ↱ォേߒߡ޿ࠆ㗔ၞ‫ޔ‬0s એ਄ߩ㗔ၞߪࠧࡓ ߇⃿਄ࠍṖߞߡ޿ࠆ㗔ၞࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫߇ ࡓࠧޕ‬㪍〝㕙਄ࠍォ߇ߞߡ޿ࠆᤨߩ៺ᡂജߪ㕖Ᏹߦዊߐ㪋޿߇‫〝ޔ‬㕙ߩㅴⴕᣇะ߇෻ォߒ‫〝߇ࡓࠧޔ‬㕙਄ࠍṖࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᕆỗߦ៺ᡂജ߇Ⴧᄢߒߚ‫ޕ‬ࠬ࠹࡯ࠫ෻ォ㪉〝㕙෻ォ⋥ᓟߩࠧࡓߩᄌᒻ᜼േࠍ X ✢േ↹ߦࠃ㪇ߞߡⷰኤߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬෻ォᓟߩᢙ⑽㑆ߪ‫〝ߣࡓࠧޔ‬
㪄㪊㪇
㪇㪊㪇
㪍㪇㪐㪇
㕙ߩធ⸅⇇㕙ߪ㕒ᱛ⁁ᘒߦ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ធ⸅㕙ߣ࿁ォ㪫㫀㫄㪼㩷㩿㫊㪀ゲߩ㑆ߩࠧࡓߦᝦࠇ߇↢ߓ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᝦࠇߩᔕജ߇
ᬌ಴ߐࠇߡ޿ߚߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬෻ Fig.3 Variation in the friction force ofthe 70phr silica filled-SBR withォᓟߩ៺ᡂജჇട൨㈩ߪ‫ߩࡓࠧޔ‬ᝦߓࠅ೰ᕈߦ
friction time.
ଐሽߒߚ‫ࡗࠗ࠲ޔߪߣߎߩߎޕ‬೙㚟േᤨߩ᜼േࠍ⠨ኤߔࠆ㓙ߦᓎ┙ߟ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㪈㪉߹ߚ‫ޔ‬Ṗࠅ⁁ᘒߩ៺ᡂജߪ৻ቯߩ㑆㓒ߢ๟ᦼ㪈㪇⊛ߦᄌേߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ේ࿃ࠍ⺞ߴࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬Fig.3ߩࠧࡓ ߇Ṗߞߡ޿ࠆ㗔ၞߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᮮゲࠍ៺㪏ᡂ〒㔌ߦᦠ߈⋥ߒߡ Fig.4 ߦ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬Fig.4 ߦࠃ3mmࠇ߫‫ߩߎޔ‬ᄌേ㑆㓒ߪ‫〝ޔ‬㕙⃿ߩ⋥ᓘߣ߶߷╬㪍ߒ޿ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬X ✢േ↹ߦࠃߞ㪋ߡ‫ޔ‬Ṗࠅᤨߩࠧࡓߩ᜼േࠍⷰኤߒߚߣߎࠈ‫ࠧޔ‬ࡓߣធ⸅ߒߡ޿ࠆ⃿ߩᢙ߇ᄌേߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇
㪉ࠊ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬Fig.5 ߦ‫ޔ‬Fig.4 ߢ៺ᡂജ߇ᭂᄢߣߥ㪇ࠆὐߩធ⸅⁁ᘒ߅ࠃ߮៺ᡂജ߇ᭂዊߣߥࠆὐߩ
㪇㪇
㪌
㪈㪇
㪈㪌
㪉㪇ធ⸅⁁ᘒߩ↹௝ࠍߘࠇߙࠇ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬Fig.5 ߦࠃࠇ㪝㫉㫀㪺㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪻㫀㫊㫋㪸㫅㪺㪼㩷㩿㫄㫄㪀߫‫ޔ‬3 ୘ߩ⃿ߣធ⸅ߒߡ޿ࠆᤨߦ៺ᡂജߪᭂᄢ
Fig.4 Variation in the friction force ofߣߥࠅ 2 ୘ߩ⃿ߣធ⸅ߒߡ޿ࠆᤨߦ៺ᡂജߪᭂ
the 70phr silica filled-SBR withዊߣߥߞߚ‫ߩߣ⃿ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬ធ⸅୘ᢙ߇ᄌേ
friction distance.
ߒߥ߇ࠄ៺ᡂߒߡ޿ߚߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬3mm 㑆㓒ߢ៺ᡂജ߇ᄌേߒߡ޿ߚߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߣߥߞߚ‫〝ߣࡓࠧޔࠅࠃߦࠇߎޕ‬㕙ߩធ⸅⁁ᴫ߇‫៺ޔ‬ᡂജߦᭂ߼ߡᄢ߈ߥᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ‫ޔߦ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ታ㓙ߩធ⸅⁁ᘒߣ៺ᡂജࠍ⋥ធ㑐ㅪߠߌࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫៺ޔ‬ᡂജ⊒↢ⷐ࿃ࠍ․ቯߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߣߥࠆߚ߼‫⎇ᧄޔ‬ⓥߢታᣉߒߚ㜞− 160 −

Fig.5

X-ray imaging photograph of the contact between rubber specimen andthe spherical surface during friction.

ノᐲ X ✢ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣᴺߦࠃࠆ៺ᡂߩធ⸅⁁ᘒߩߘߩ႐ⷰኤᚻᴺߪ‫៺ޔ‬ᡂࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߩ⸃᣿ߦኻߒߡ㕖Ᏹߦ᦭ലߥᚻᲑߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩࡓࠧ↪ࡗࠗ࠲ޔߡߒߘޕ‬㜞៺ᡂജൻߦᄢ߈ߊ⽸₂ߢ߈ࠆ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫⸃࠲࡯࠺ߩߡోޕ‬ᨆߦߪᄙᄢߥᤨ㑆ࠍⷐߔࠆ߇‫੹ޔ‬ᓟ‫⸃ߥ⚦⹦ߦࠄߐޔ‬ᨆࠍታᣉߒ‫⺰ޔ‬ᢥߥߤߦߡ౏⴫ߔࠆ੍ቯߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧠㧚ᒁ↪ᢥ₂
1)✂㊁⋥਽, ౝጊศ㓉, ጤ੗ᥓᤘ:ᣣᧄࠧࡓදળ⹹,74, 110(2001)2)ጤ੗ᥓᤘ, 㐳⼱Ꮉᶈ᮸, ਄↰⺈৻, ౝጊศ㓉:࠻࡜ࠗࡏࡠࠫࠬ࠻, 50, 620(2005)− 161 −