WEPA ACTION PLAN 2015
RESEARCH TO APPLY
CLEANER PRODUCTION FORPIG FARMING IN VIETNAM

Mrs. Nguyen Thi Thanh TramVietnam Environment Administration

THE CONTENT
1. Introduction to Vietnam
2. Background3. Outline
4. Rationale
5. Location
6. Summary of activities

INTRODUCTION TO VIETNAM- Location: the easternmost country on the Indochina
Peninsula in Southeast Asia.
- Area: 331.698 km2- Population: 90,5 million inhabitants- Capital: Hanoi- Economy: Vietnam has been a agricultural civilization formuch of its history. However, the economic development
towards industrialization, agriculture still accounts for a highproportion.
- GDP/person: 2.028 USD

The economic structure ofVietnam

38%

21%

Agriculture
Industry

41%

ServiceBACKGROUNDIn Vietnam:

The gross value ofagriculture output
CultivateThere were 26.39 millions pigs in Vietnam(1/4/2014).

Livestock

The provinces that have the largest number of
pig farming: Hanoi, Dong Nai, Bac Giang, Thai
Binh, Nghe An.

30%
70%

Pig farming has a high proportion of thelivestock industry. The number of pigs inVietnam ranks the fourth in 10 countries whichhave the most number of pigs in the world.

There’re 2 forms of pig raising are: household
farming with the scale of 100 pigs approximately
and centralized with the scale is more than 100pigs
There’reapproximately
8.5
millions
households with household-scaled-farming;
18,000 centralized farms.

BACKGROUND
Livestock
Problems ofPollution
The centralized
farms:
67%
have
wastewater
treatment systembut the effect isn’t
fully processed.
 2,8%
isreported for EIA.

Householdfarms:
Use biogas
in household
but most are
overloaded.
Discharge
directly into
the drain.

Economicachievements-There is no general guidelines forconstruction of pig breeding wastewater
treatment systems using biogas in Vietnam.
- The requirements n’ standards for small
biogas constructions aren’s suitable for themediun ones in farming.
-Can’tseparate
wastewater.

drymanureand-The cost is quite high.
-Awareness of farmers n’ farm owner inenvironment protection is still low-The technical level isn’t high enough,mainly learn experiences from another farm

BACKGROUNDQCVN24-2009/BTNMTNational standards for industrial wastewater

Parameter

Unit

pHMaximum limit

Value

4,5 - 8

A6 -9

B5,5 – 9ColorPt - Co

350 - 870

-Turbidity

Mg/l

420 - 550

-BOD5Mg/l

3.500 - 8.900

3050

COD

Mg/l

5.000 - 12.000

50100

TSS

Mg/l

680 - 1.200

50

100

Total Photphorus
(TP)

Mg/l

36 - 72

Total Nitrogen (TN)Mg/l

220 - 460

4615

Table 3. The pollutant load of pig farm wastewater

30

OUTLINE
Overallgoalz• Strengthening the capacity of water environmental management inVietnam and other Asian countries.

ProgramPurpose• To evaluate current situation and propose solutions for cleaner
production to enhance management efficiency and pig breeding waste
treatment in Tam Thai pig farm.
• To offer the solutions to enhance management efficiency and pig
breeding waste treatment for pig farms in Nghe An province andVietnam.
• To raise the awareness of managerial agencies, owners of pig farms
and local authorities in terms of cleaner production to control
wastewater from pig breeding.
• To support WEPA in sharing experience

Outputs• Wastewater from Tam Thai centralized pig farm is better controlled, theeffectiveness of wastewater treatment by using biogas system here isimproved.
• Wastewater from centralized pig farms in Nghe An province and in VietNam is better controlled.
• Capacity on environmental management and pig breeding wastewater
controlling of enterprises, local environmentally staff and otherstakeholders would be ameliorated.
• The experience of applying CP for pig farming to controlling wastewaterin Vietnam

RATIONALE
Farms with scale over1000 pigs:
There is no technical guidance
onbiogassystemsandwastewater treatment systems.
Be required to have EIA beforegoing into action
Orientation for livestock industry
development according to theDecision of the Prime Minister:
the target for pig farming industry
until 2020 is developing rapidly
the scale of foreign pig farms inthe direction of farms, industry.

Nghe An province has the5th largest number of pigs in
the country.
The number of cattle in thehousehold decreases and thenumber of breeding pigs incentralized
farms
areincreasing.
There’re 6 pig farms withscale over 1000 pigs; 60
farms breeding scales from100 to 1000 pigs

LOCATION
Time for pig care: 6months/farrow
Feed: 2,4 kg/pig/day
Used water: 25 l/pig/dayWastewater: 1-2 l/day

Pig breeding

BiogasStabilization pond(wastewater,biological products)

Figure 1. Sewage treatment system in pig farms in Nghe An province

Receivingsource (Rivers,lakes,fields,…)

LOCATION
Tam Thai pig farm:-Using area: 35.000 m2
Breeding facilities area: 2.400 m2
Waste treatment zone area: 3.000 m2-The scale of pig farm:
500 reproductive sows -> 3.500-4000 porkers/farrow
Average weight: 55kg/pig
Amount of food: 2000kg/day; 1kg/pig/dayWater source: natural water from the mountain streams.
The farm also combines with perennial fruit growing andyoung fished breeding to take full advantage of pigs’
leftover food and excrement when cleaning pig houses.
The cost of pig farm construction: 560.000 USD.

Waste water discharge to the dam which is thesource of water for all commune residents

LOCATION

Biogas tank

1st Stabilization Pond

Site map of pig farming sewage treatment
system in Tam Thai pig farmFinal Stabilization Pond

SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIESDocument overview of the current status of pollution andbreeding sewage treatment in Vietnam and in Nghe An province

To survey, collect data to evaluate the current situation of waste
treatment by using biogas system at Tam Thai farm

To propose CP solutions for wastewater management in Tam
Thai Centralized Pig Farm and all the centralized pig farm inNghe An, Vietnam
To organize conferences, training courses on solutions forenhancing effectiveness of management and treatment of pig
breeding wastewater in centralized farms.

Document overview of the current status of pollution andbreeding sewage treatment
Document overview of current
status of pig farming and waste
pollution in Vietnam

Document overviwe of thecurrent situation of pig farming
waste treatment in Nghe An- Gathering
reports,
data
fromagencies under MARD, MONRE, GSO
and the available researches toanalyze, overall assess the current
status of waste pollution in the pig farmindustry.

- Collecting the report, monitoring datafrom DONRE, DARD on the current
status of pig farming and its waste
treatment in the farms with scale over1000 pigs in the locality and the current
environmental situation of areas
around the farm.

- Reviewing te evaluation of the legal
documents system defining waste - Investigation, survey on the current
management in pig farming in Vietnam. status of pig farming, pollution and pih
breeding
sewagetreatmentteachnologies in 2 farms with scale
over 1000 pigs in Nghe an province.

To survey, collect data to evaluate the current situation ofwaste treatment by using biogas system at Tam Thai farm
1. General informations:-Interviewing households living around Tam Thai farm to collect theirreflections on the farm’s impacts to their lives.

-Farm location; farming scale, breeding method, housing systems,
investment funds, pig breeds, sizes, water source and feed used.

2. Indentify pig breeding processes and material line (material andwaste)
3. Collect data, take sample to evaluate wastewater quality

To survey, gather data, sample
Gather, define
input data

Total number of porkers, sows
Average weight per pig
Amount of food/pig/day, type of foodAmount of using water, quality of water
Amount of dry excrement of sows
Carrying capacity of waste from farming system to biogas system
The pasty excrement of porker after washing the housing
The wastewater quality before treatment at biogas system

Biogas system

Technical parameter of 02 biogas tanks
Collected to measure and analyze the gas
Technical parameter of 1st stabilization pond
Soil components at biogas system construction zone

Wastewater afterusing biogas

Quality of water after using biogas treatment system
Quality of water at the receiving water source

Parameters need to be gathered and defined:TO SURVEY, ASSESSMENT
Technical parameters:
1.

Water-Sampling locations:Water supply for pig farming (01 sample)

Input wastewater of the biogas system (01 sample)

Stabilization pond (2 samples)

The receiving water source (02 samples)-Parameters: pH, DO, COD, BOD, TSS, TN, TP, Amoni, Coliform.

2. Gas

Sampling locations: Biogas tank (01 sample)

Parameters: Gas Flow, CH4, H2S, NH3, NO2

3. SoilSampling locations: Biogas system construction zone (01 sample)

Parameters: pH, the humus, TC, TN, TPProposals
1. To propose CP solution for wastewater management in TT farmSolutions for enhancing effectiveness of waste collection, waste classification andstream separation from farming area to treatment system.
Solutions for enhancing effectiveness of biogas system: operation process, thecalculation of amount of input and output waste from biogas tank, biogas collection andutilization.
Solutions for water economical and effective utilization and reuse of water fromtreatment system.
Solutions for technology improvement and change of wastewater collecting systemdesign, biogas tank and conditioning tank improvement.
Solutions of environmental sanitation, breeding facilities cleaning, living emission
collecting.
Solutions of management, supervision, periodic environmental observation.

Proposals
2. To propose CP solutions in pig breeding wastewater
management in centralized farm in Nghe An, Vietnam.
 To propose solutions for pig breeding wastewater management incentralized farms.
To propose solutions for improving suitable biogas system in farm
scoped pig breeding.
To propose choosing pig breeding wastewater treatment technology
in farm scoped pig breeding.

To organize conferences, training courses
1. The conference consult professors’ idea and related sites on
solutions for enhancing effectiveness of management and treatmentof pig breeding wastewater in centralized farms.
 Target: advising the cleaner production solutions to better control
wastewater from pig farming
Participants (50 people): Owners of centralized pig farms in Nghe An,
cleaner production professors, pig farming wastewater management
professors, environmental staff of concerned units under MONRE, MARD,DONRE, DARD
2. Training course of CP solutions for pig farming The goal is training of cleaner production solutions to better control
wastewater from pig farming.
Participants (50 people): Farm owners in Nghe An province, technicalstaffs in pig farming, environmental experts, husbandry experts from

Share experience with WEPA memberships
To present reports in annual meetings of WEPA on outcomes ofthe project and to share experience lessons learned fromimplementing this program.
To share guiding documents of cleaner production for pig farmingwith other WEPA members.
Provide materials and information to WEPA secretariat for making
a chapter in WEPA Action Program Report summarizing the result of
the program in order to disseminate it to other region through WEPA
database.

IMPLEMENTING AGENCY ANDSTAKEHOLDERS
Implementing Agency:
Environmental Science Institute under Vietnam Environment Administration

Stakeholders:Nghe An Department of Natural resources and Environment
Nghe An Department of Agriculture and Rural development
Owner of Tam Thai farm pig farmOwners of more than 1000 pigs farms in Nghe An (07 farms)
Some communities living around the farms
Some units under VEA, MONRE
Center of Vietnam Cleaner production

THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION