National Institute of Environmental Research
Ministry of Environment
Korea

Contents of presentationy Socio‐economical and natural conditionsy Situation of quantity and quality of the water source
y Effluent load to the sourcey Current measures on quality control for the water
sourcey Current issues on quality control for the water sourceMajor Stream in Seoul
Jungrang Stream

ChinaJapan

erv
inra
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Tan Stream
Anyang Stream

Population and RGDP in Seoul
Year1980

1990

2000

2005

Population(1000persons)

8,367

10,625

10,373

10,297

Population
Density(persons/km2)

13,82017,532

16,342

16,221

RGDP(Million$)

38,251*

68,833

120,152

206,218* is RGDP in 1987

Precipitation and Water system
Year1980

1990

2000

2005

Annual average
precipitation(mm)

1,242.4

2,355.5

1,186.8

1,358.4

Tapped watersystemaccessible(%)

92.7

99.6

99.99

99.998Wastewater
treatmentsystemaccessible(%)

25.1

97.9

98.3

99.7

Water Source of Seoul
Upriver District

erv
inR
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Seoul

Gyeonggi

Paldang
Reservoir
Intake facility

Domestic Water Use in Korea

Allowable Water Quality Criteria ofWastewater
Clean
Area

Ga
Area

Na
Area

PrivilegedArea

BOD(mg/L)

30608030

COD(mg/L)

4070

90

40SS(mg/L)

30608030

BOD(mg/L)

4080

120

30

COD(mg/L)

5090

130

40SS(mg/L)

408012030

Wastewater Discharge

Above
2,000 m3/day

Under
2,000 m3/day

Water Quality Standard of theEffluent Public Treatment Plant

Note: During the winter season, December to March, the standard for TN
and TP is 60mg/L and 8mg/L each regardless of the capacity

Water Quality Monitoring
Monitoring
Site
Paldang
Reservoir

Han River

PeriodTotal
Monthly
WeeklyTotal
Monthly
WeeklyTotal 36 water quality variables are monitored.

Mainstream
1385642

Junctionstream6‐613121

Current measures on quality
control for the water source(1)y Designation of the Restricted Areas around theWater Sourcey Apply strict environmental standards
y wastewater discharge facilities within a
specified areay Limit activities that cause pollutiony Development activities, fishing, farming etc
y Install water pollution prevention facilities
y Advanced sewage treatment facilities

Area of designation for therestricted areas

Current measures on quality
control for the water source(2)y CCTV monitoring for thewater pollution vulnerablearea
y Install advanced waste
treatment facilitiesy Remove the nutrients such as
phosphorus and nitrogenCurrent measures on quality
control for the water source(3)y Total water pollution load management system
y To control pollution sources and to preserve water quality of the water
source in an appropriate levely Analyze the current pollution sources and the future development
plan in their jurisdictional areas
y Establish pollution reduction plansy Approve from Ministry of Environment for the plans before
implementy Three cities voluntarily implemented the system in Han River
watershedy Establish Han River watershed fundy Total revenue is approximately 360 million USD per year
y Charge to the water users in proportion to use amounty Financial support the residents in the restricted area and the waterquality improvement projects
y Purchase the land of the riverside areas

Current issues on quality control
for the water source(1)y Many restriction on upriver district residentsy Designed above 5 restriction areay Difficult in administrative actiony Water user different from the pollutery Break the polluter pays principle
y Increase the pollution source around the water sourcey Urban development close to the restricted areas

Current issues on quality control
for the water source(2)y Public sewage treatment
plants near by the watersourcey Use the combined seweragesystem
y By‐passes incompletely
treated sewer into Wangsuk
stream nearby Han Riverduring rainy season

Public waste
treatment planterv
inR
aH

Seoul

Gyeonggi
Intake facility

Measures against Current Issues(1)y Total water pollution load management system
y Promote the voluntary system to the obligation system
y The Water Source Protection Area Residents SupportProgramy Build the agricultural roady Support the educational expense, electric fee, medicalexpenses, etc
y Support Water Quality Preservation Actiony Support 15 private associations above 100 attendants

Measures against Current Issues(2)y Water quality improvement for Wangsuk Streamy Improve the super‐advanced waste treatment facilityy Introduce the completely separated sewerage system
y Dredge the sediment periodicallyy About 42,000 m3 sediment within Han river watersource

Conclusion(1)y Seoul cannot control the water sources directly
y Impossible to establish direct management plans about
the water resourcesy Try to reduce use of water resources
y Establish a variety of water renewal plansy Utilize Han River and three major streams of Seoul in awater‐friendly way.

Conclusion(2)y The Water Renewal Plan of Seouly Expansion of advanced environmental treatment
facilities
y Reinforced supervision for wastewater discharge
facilities
y Operation of citizen supervisory organizationy Periodic dredging of Han River water sourcey Establishment of pollution crisis response by accidentsy Preparation of ecological stream for major stream inSeouly Rainwater management measures