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Recent Development ofWater Environmental Managementin Vietnam

Do Nam Thang (PhD)
Deputy Director
Institute of Science for Environment Management
Vietnam Environment Administration

Overview of water pollution

Water environment policies

Compliance status

Recent developments and challenges

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OVERVIEW OF WATER POLLUTION• Main pollution sources: industrial and domestic wastewater2

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OVERVIEW OF WATER POLLUTION

Share of pollution load (%)

BOD discharge into surface water: Share of industrial and domestic* JICA , Vol5 – Industrial water management 2010

OVERVIEW OF WATER POLLUTION

 Industrial wastewater treatment-223 industrial zones-Total wastewater discharge: ~ 1,000,000 m3/day-

Current status:
12.9%

Already havewastewater
treatment plants
43.3%

43.9%

wastewater
treatment systembeing constructed
Not have wastewater
treatment

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WATER ENVIRONMENT POLICIES•Resolution 41-NQ/TW•National strategy on environment 2010 andorientation till 2020
•Law on Environmental Protection 2005
•Law on environmental tax

WATER ENVIRONMENT POLICIES• Decree 67/2003/NĐ-CP on wastewater fees
• Decree 149/2004/NĐ-CP on persmits on exploitation andusage of water resources and dischage into water sources• Decree 88/2007/ND-CP on urban and industrial park waterdrainage• Decree 29/2008/ND-CP on envl’ regulations on industrialzones• Decree 117/2009/NĐ-CP on handling environmental
violation

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WATER ENVIRONMENT POLICIESManagement Instrument
Regulatory approach

Pertaining Control systems stipulated in Amended LEP
Environmental authorization and compliance
Environmental inspection and check
Administrative sanction
License granting

Economic approach

Wastewater fee
Preferential loan
Preferential land use
Preferential tax

Technical renovation
approachPromotion of cleaner production application
Awarding of good practice
Promotion of environmental services

Awareness raising
approach

Environmental performance rating
Environmental information disclosure
Awareness raising and guiding for agriculture activities

COMPLIANCE STATUS
 EIA requirement compliance

EIA compliance in Nhue – Day River Basin5

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COMPLIANCE STATUS

Industrial zones with central WWTPCOMPLIANCE STATUS

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COMPLIANCE STATUS
 Self – monitoring of Industrial Wastewater

COMPLIANCE STATUS
 Violation rate among inspectedindustrial facilities
Vilolation,
36%

Nonviolation,
64%7

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COMPLIANCE STATUS
Wastewater fees Collection rate: only about 20%
 Low collection rate due to: Lack of enforcement
 Insufficient staff qualification
 Lack of industry commitment
 Inappropriate fee structure

PART 4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS• Developing Central Party’s resolution on
environmental protection• Revising current Law on Environmental
Protection, tentatively finish new version by
end of 2013
• Revising Decree 67 on wastewater fee

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PART 4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Revising Law on Environmental Protection:- Clarifying responsibilities among line ministries- Increasing pollution prevention (environmentalplanning, EIA, SEA, economic instruments)- Increasing community participation

PART 4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Revising Decree 67 on wastewater fee:
- Reducing from 6 parameters to 2 (TSSand COD)
- Increasing fee rates by about 5 times- Fixed and variable fees

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PART 4 CHALLENGES•Limited awareness on water environmentalissues•Limited management capacity•Lack of commitment from industry•Lack of community participation

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