AUTOMOTIVE CURRENT TRANSDUCER OPEN LOOP TECHNOLOGY
HC16F 1000-S00; HC16F 1100-S00; HC16F 1200-S00; HC16F 1300-S00; HC16F 1400-S00; HC16F 1500-S00; HC16F 1600-S00
THD version (S00)

Introduction

Automotive applications

The HC16F family is for the electronic measurement of DC,
AC or pulsed currents in high power and high and low voltage
automotive applications with galvanic separation between
the primary circuit (high power) and the secondary circuit(electronic circuit).
The HC16F family gives you the choice of having different
current measuring ranges in the same housing.

● Electrical Power Steering

Features

The open loop transducers uses a Hall effect integrated circuit.
The magnetic flux density B, contributing to the rise of the Hall
voltage, is generated by the primary current IP to be measured.
The current to be measured IP is supplied by a current source
i.e. battery or generator (Figure 1).
Within the linear region of the hysteresis cycle, B is proportionalto:● Ratiometric transducer● Open Loop transducer using the Hall Effect● High and Low voltage application● Unipolar +5 V DC power supply● Primary current measuring range ±1000 A to ±1600 A● Maximum RMS primary admissible current: defined bybusbar to have T < +150 °C● Operating temperature range: −40 °C < T < +125 °C● Output voltage: full ratio-metric (in sensitivity and offset)● Compact design for PCB mounting.

● Starter Generators● Converters● Motor drive application.

Principle of HC16F family

B (IP) = a × IP
The Hall voltage is thus expressed by:
UHall = (cHall / d) × IHall × a × IP
Except for IP, all terms of this equation are constant.
Therefore:● Compact size.

UHall = b × IPaconstantb
constant
cHall
Hall coefficientdthickness of the Hall plate
IHall
current across the Hall plates

Advantages

The measurement signal UHall amplified to supply the user
output voltage or current.

Special features● Housing with sleeve● Dual air gap transducer● Excellent accuracy● Very good linearity● Very low thermal offset drift+ UC● Very low thermal sensitivity drift

IP● Galvanic separation● High frequency bandwidth.

Uout
- UC

Primary Current IP

0V

Insulated Output Voltage Uout

Fig. 1: Principle of the open loop transducer

N° 97.V7.60.000.0; N° 97.V7.61.000.0; N° 97.V7.62.000.0; N° 97.V7.63.000.0; N° 97.V7.64.000.0; N° 97.V7.65.000.0; N° 97.V7.66.000.0
5March2024/Version 5

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Page 1/12
LEM International SA
Route du Nant-d’Avril, 152
1217 Meyrinwww.lem.com

HC16F xxxx-S00

Dimensions (in mm)
THD Version (S00)
IP

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HC16F xxxx-S00

Mechanical characteristics

Remark● Plastic case

>PPS-I-(GF + MD) 50<● Magnetic core

FeSi alloy

Uout > UO when IP flows in the positive direction (see arrow on
drawing).

● Mass		

29 g•● Lead frame

Bronze tin plated••Electronic schematic•Electronic Controller Module

HC16F sensor
P2

+5 V

UC1

•

CL Nominal value 4.7 nF ±10 %CL is required for stabilization, EMC and ESD protection

All the capacitors mentioned in the Electronic schematic should
be mounted as close as possible to the ASIC pins
The specifications are based on the average values of Uout 1 andUout 2 (Computed by customer)
For further information, please see “Applications” on page 9/12.

47 nF

Magnetic circuit

ASIC 1

P1

Uout1

Gnd
4.7 nF

IP
P4
Primary
current

P3

Uref1

Gnd

Average
1 nF

Gnd
Gnd

=

Gnd
P6

(

)

Uout

+5 V

UC2

47 nF
Gnd

ASIC 2P5Uout2
4.7 nF

P8
P7

Uref2

Gnd

Gnd

1 nF
Gnd

Gnd

Lead Frame pins

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HC16F xxxx-S00

Absolute ratings (not operating)Parameter

SymbolUnit

Min

Specification
TypicalMax
8

Maximum supply voltage

UC maxV−0.5

Ambient storage temperature

TA st

°C

−40

Electrostatic discharge voltage

UESD HBMkV

2Maximum admissible vibration (random)

γ max

m·s

107.3

RMS voltage for AC insulation test, 50 Hz, 1 min

Ud

kV

Creepage distance

dCp

mm

11

Clearance

dCI

mm

5

Comparative tracking index

CTI

6.5

Conditions
Continuous, not operating
Exceeding this voltage may
temporarily reconfigure thecircuit until UC comes back to
5V

125

-2

3.6

JESD 22-A 114-B Class 2
ISO 16750-3 § 4.1.2.5 with
Temperature
IEC 60664-1, PD = 2, OV III
altitude 400 m

PLC3

Maximum output current

Iout 1 max, Iout 2 max

mA

−10

10

Not operating

Maximum output voltage (Analog)

Uout 1 max, Uout 2 max

V

−0.5

UC + 0.5 V

Not operatingtc maxs

Maximum output short-circuit duration2

Operating characteristics in nominal range (IP N)
Parameter

SymbolSupply voltage 1)

Unit

Min
Electrical Data

Specification
TypicalMax

UC, UC 1, UC 2

V

4.85

Ambient operating temperature

TA

°C

−40

Average of output voltages

U out

V

Uout = (UC/ 5) × (UO + S × IP)

Current consumption

IC

mA

Load capacitanceCLnF

Rout 1, Rout 2ΩOutput internal resistance1

5

Conditions

5.15
125

28

35

4.7

10

@ UC = 5 V

10Performance Data

1)

Ratiometricity error

εr

%

±0.3

Average of Sensitivity error

εS

%

±0.5

@ TA = 25 °C (calibration error
without T cycles),@ UC = 5 V

Average of electrical offset voltage

UO E

mV

±3

@ TA = 25 °C, @ UC = 5 V

Average of magnetic offset voltage

UO M

mV

±2

@ TA = 25 °C, after ± IP,@ UC = 5 V

Average temperature coefficient of UO E

TCUO E AV

mV/K

−0.08

0.08

@ −40 °C < T < 125 °C,
U C= 5 V

Average temperature coefficient of S

TCS AV

%/K

−0.03

0.03

@ −40 °C < T < 125 °C,
U C= 5 V

Average linearity errorεL AV% IP M±0.5

Delay time to 90 % of the final output value for
IP N step

tD 90

µs

2

Frequency bandwidth 2)

BW

kHz

Peak-to-peak noise voltage

Uno ppmV

Phase shift∆φ°

Notes:

1)

Of full range IP M
440

@ 100 A/µs, IP M
Without C optional (seeschematic1 on page9)@ −3 dB, Without C optional15−3

DC to 1 MHz
DC to 1 kHz ,Without C optional

The output voltage Uout is fully ratiometric. The offset and sensitivity are dependent on the supply voltage UC relative to the following formula:

		

 5 −
−O  × 1 with S in (V/A)
IP = 
× U out − U
 −
 UC
 S

The specifications are based on the average values of Uout 1 and Uout 2 (completed by the customer).
2)

 rimary current frequencies must be limited in order to avoid excessive heating of the busbar, magnetic core and the ASIC (see featureP
paragraph in page 1).
Page 4/12

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HC16F xxxx-S00

HC16F 1000-S00
Parameter
Primary current, measuring range

SymbolElectrical Data

IP M
S1, S2Average of sensitivities

A

Specification
Min

Typical

−1000

Max

Conditions

1000

mV/A

2.00

@ UC = 5 V

UO

V

2.5

@ UC = 5 V

SymbolUnit

S

Average of offset voltages

Unit

HC16F 1100-S00
Parameter
Primary current, measuring range

Electrical Data

IP M
S1, S2Average of sensitivities

Typical

−1100

Max

Conditions

1100

mV/A

1.82

@ UC = 5 V

UO

V

2.5

@ UC = 5 V

SymbolUnit

S

Average of offset voltages

A

SpecificationMin

HC16F 1200-S00
Parameter
Primary current, measuring range

Electrical Data

IP M
S1, S2Average of sensitivities

Typical

−1200

Max

Conditions

1200

mV/A

1.67

@ UC = 5 V

UO

V

2.5

@ UC = 5 V

SymbolUnit

S

Average of offset voltages

A

SpecificationMin

HC16F 1300-S00
Parameter
Primary current, measuring range

Electrical Data

IP M
S1, S2Average of sensitivities

Typical

−1300

Max

Conditions

1300

mV/A

1.54

@ UC = 5 V

UO

V

2.5

@ UC = 5 V

SymbolUnit

S

Average of offset voltages

A

SpecificationMin

HC16F 1400-S00
Parameter
Primary current, measuring range
Average of sensitivities
Average of offset voltages

Electrical Data

IP M
S1, S2

A

Specification
Min

Typical

−1400

Max

Conditions

1400

mV/A

1.43

@ UC = 5 V

UO

V

2.5

@ UC = 5 V

SymbolUnit

S

HC16F 1500-S00
Parameter
Primary current, measuring range
Average of sensitivities
Average of offset voltages
5March2024/Version 5

Electrical Data

IP M

S1, S2SUO

ASpecification
Min

Typical

−1500

Max

Conditions

1500

mV/A

1.33

@ UC = 5 V

V

2.5@ UC = 5 V

LEM reserves the right to carry out modifications on its transducers,in order to improve them.

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LEM International SA
Route du Nant-d’Avril, 152
1217 Meyrinwww.lem.com

HC16F xxxx-S00

HC16F 1600-S00
Parameter

SymbolUnit

Specification
Min

TypicalMax

Conditions

Electrical Data

Primary current, measuring range

A

IP M
S1, S2Average of sensitivities

S

Average of offset voltages

−1600

1600

mV/A

1.25

@ UC = 5 V

V

2.5@ UC = 5 V

UO

Total error of Uout (Average value)
HC16F xxxx-S00: Total Error

Total Error (mV)

±70.0
±60.0
±50.0
±40.0
±30.0
±20.0
±10.0
±0.0
IPmin
IP
min

IP maxIP
max

0Primary current IP (A)Total error @ T range

Total error @ 25 °C

Primary current IP

Total error @ 25 °C

Total error @ T range

in A

in mV

in %

in mV

in %

IP min±35.0 (*)

±1.75 (*)

±60.0

±3.00

0

±12.0

±0.60

±18.0

±0.90

IP max±35.0 (*)

±1.75 (*)

±60.0

±3.00

(*): ±45 mV after High T °C High Humidity (1000 h 85 °C / 85 % RH).

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HC16F xxxx-S00

PERFORMANCES PARAMETERS DEFINITIONSDelay time tD 90:

Primary current definition:

The time between the primary current signal (IP N) and theoutput signal reach at 90 % of its final value.
I [A]

Uout

Primary current nominal (IP N)
Primary current, measuring range (IP M)

IT

90 %
Uout

IP
tD 90

IP

Definition of typical, minimum and maximum values:
Minimum and maximum values for specified limiting and safety
conditions have to be understood as such as values shown in“typical” graphs. On the other hand, measured values are partof a statistical distribution that can be specified by an intervalwith upper and lower limits and a probability for measured
values to lie within this interval. Unless otherwise stated(e.g. “100 % tested”), the LEM definition for such intervals
designated with “min” and “max” is that the probability forvalues of samples to lie in this interval is 99.73 %. For a normal(Gaussian) distribution, this corresponds to an interval between−3 sigma and +3 sigma. If “typical” values are not obviouslymean or average values, those values are defined to delimit
intervals with a probability of 68.27 %, corresponding to aninterval between −sigma and +sigma for a normal distribution.
Typical, minimum and maximum values are determined during
the initial characterization of a product.

Output noise voltage:t [µs]

Sensitivity:
The transducer’s sensitivity S is the slope of the straight line
Uout = f (IP), it must establish the relation:
Uout (IP) = UC/ 5 (S × IP + UO)

Offset with temperature:
The error of the offset in the operating temperature is thevariation of the offset in the temperature considered with theinitial offset at 25 °C.
The offset variation IO T is a maximum variation the offset in thetemperature range:
IO T = IO E max − IO E min

The output voltage noise is the result of the noise floor of theHall elements and the linear amplifier.

The offset drift TCIO E AV is the IO T value divided by thetemperature range.

Magnetic offset:

Sensitivity with temperature:

The magnetic offset is the consequence of an any current on
the primary side. It’s defined after a stated excursion of primary
current.

Linearity:
The maximum positive or negative discrepancy with a reference
straight line Uout = f (IP).
Unit: linearity (%) expressed with full scale of IP N.
Uout

The error of the sensitivity in the operating temperature is therelative variation of sensitivity with the temperature consideredwith the initial offset at 25 °C.
The sensitivity variation ST is the maximum variation (inppm or %) of the sensitivity in the temperature range:
ST = (Sensitivity max − Sensitivity min) / Sensitivity at 25 °C.
The sensitivity drift TCS AV is the ST value divided by thetemperature range. Deeper and detailed info available is ourLEM technical sales offices (www.lem.com).

Non linearity example

Offset voltage @ IP = 0 A:
The offset voltage is the output voltage when the primary current

Referencestraight line

is zero. The ideal value of UO is UC/ 2. So, the difference of
Max linearity error

IP
Linearity variation in IP N

UO − UC/ 2 is called the total offset voltage error. This offset error
can be attributed to the electrical offset (due to the resolution of
the ASIC quiescent voltage trimming), the magnetic offset, thethermal drift and the thermal hysteresis. Deeper and detailed
info available is our LEM technical sales offices (www.lem.
com).

Environmental test specifications:
Refer to LEM GROUP test plan laboratory CO.11.11.515.0 with
“Tracking_Test Plan_Auto” sheet.
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1217 Meyrinwww.lem.com

HC16F xxxx-S00

Environmental test specifications:
Refer to LEM GROUP test plan laboratory CO.11.11.515.0 with “Tracking_Test Plan_Auto” sheet.
Name

Standard

Conditions

ELECTRICAL TESTS

Phase shift, frequency bandwidth

LEM Procedure

100 Hz to 100 kHz, 100 A peak

Noise measurement

LEM Procedure

Sweep from DC to 1 MHz

Delay time di/dt

LEM Procedure

100 A/μs
I pulse = IP max

du/dt

LEM Procedure

5 ;10 ; 20 kV/ μs
U = 1000 V

RMS voltage for AC insulation test

IEC 60664 part 1

3.6 kV AC / 1 min / 50 Hz (I < 0.1 mA)

Insulation resistance test

ISO 16750-2 (2010)

500 V DC time = 60 s
RINS ≥ 500 MΩ Min

ENVIRONMENTAL TESTSHigh T °C High Humidity
Electrical connection

JESD 22-A 101 (03/2009)

1000 h 85 °C / 85 % RH
UC = 5 V DC, IP = 0 A

Thermal Cycle Test
(Simplified profile)IEC 60068-2-14 Test Nb (01/2009)

T min −40 °C , T max = +125 °C
1 cycle = 480 min, 30 cycles

Thermal ShockISO 16750-4 § 5.3.2 (04/2010)

1000 cycles
30 min "−40 °C" // 30 min "+85 °C"
UC not connected IP = 0 A

High T °C Storage

IEC 60068-2-2 Bd (07/2007)

125 °C for 1000 h
UC not connected IP = 0 A

Low T °C Storage

IEC 60068-2-1 Ad (03/2007)−40 °C for 240 h
UC not connected IP = 0 A

Mechanical ShockISO 16750-3 § 4.2.2 (12/2012)

500 ms/s2, 6 ms Half Sine @ 25 °C
10 shocks of each direction
UC not connected IP = 0 A

Random Vibration in T °C profile 1

ISO 16750-3 § 4.1.2.5
IEC 60068-2-27 (02/2008)

Vibration profile E- For Unsprung masses (chassis) in T °C :8 h/axis, 107.3 m/s2 RMS

Random Vibration in T °C profile 2

ISO 16750-3 § 4.1.2.2.2.3
IEC 60068-2-27 (02/2008)

Vibration profile: Passenger car,Gearbox in T °C :22 h/axis, 96.6 m/s2 RMS

EMC TESTS
Radiated Emission
Absorber Lined Shielded
Enclosure (ALSE)CISPR 25 (2008) Table 9 - Class 5

f = 150 kHz to 2.5 GHz
Criteria A acceptance @ 5 % of 2 V

Radiated Immunity
Bulk Current Injection (BCI)GWM 3097 § 3.4.1 (2015)

Level : GMW 3097 (2015) § 3.4.1 Table 13 - Level 1(100 mA) (ISO 11452 - 4 (2011) Annex E Table E 1 Level 2)
f = 1 MHz to 400 MHz , Criteria A acceptance @ 5 % of 2 V

Radiated Immunity
Anechoic chamber

GWM 3097 § 3.4.2 (2015)

Level : GMW 3097 (2015) § 3.4.2 Table 14 - Level 2 (100 V/m)
f = 400 MHz to 1 GHz; Level = 100 V/m (CW, AM 80 %)f = 0.8 GHz to 2 GHz; Level = 70 V/m (CW, PM PRR = 217 Hz
PD = 0.57 ms);
f = 1 GHz to 2 GHz; Level = 70 V/m (CW)
Criteria A acceptance @ 5 % of 2 V

ESD Test

GWM 3097 § 3.6.3 (2015)

Level :GMW 3097 (2015) § 3.6.3.3 Table 28
Contact discharges: ±4, ±6 kV; Air discharges: ±8 kV
UC = NO power supply (≡ unconnected), Criteria B

Free Fall

ISO 16750-3 § 4.3 (12/2012)

Height = 1 m Concrete floor
3 axis, 2 directions by axis, 1 sample by axis

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HC16F xxxx-S00

Applications:Customers have to compute the Average value of Uout 1 and Uout 2. This could be done by a resistive bridge as showing in schematic 1 or any other means defined by customers (for example with a micro-controller as showing in schematic 2).
Schematic 1:
Example of transducer output averaging with passive components.

Uc
UC

Magnetic circuit

Uc
UC

HC16 FASIC1

47 nF 1 nF

Uref1
Uref 1 U
UOUT1
out 1
GND

CL
4.7 nF
4.7 nF

UUOUT
out

UC
Uc

INPUT ADC OUTPUT

R
R> 1 K

ASIC2
Uref 2 U
Uref2
UOUT2
out 2

47 nF 1 nF

Uref
+ Uref

R
R> 1 K

GND

-U
Uref
ref
C
(Optional)

CL
4.7 nF
4.7 nF

Resistance: R ≥ 1 K, 1 %, 100 ppm/ °C,100 mW, 75 V, −40 ... 155 °C, 0603 (or better)

Resistance : R > 1 K, 1 %, 100 ppm/°C, 100 mW, 75 V, -40 °C..155 °C, 0603 (or better)

Schematic 2:

Example of transducer averaging with a micro-controller.
Electronic Controller Module

HC16F sensor
P2

+5 V

UC1
C1
47 nF

ASIC 1

P1

Uout1

RL
>10 K

Gnd

µP
C3
4.7 nF

IP
P4
Primary
current

P3

Uref1

Gnd

C2
1 nF

Gnd
Gnd
Gnd

Magnetic circuit

P6

+5 V

UC2

C4
47 nF

ASIC 2

P5

Uout2

Average
=

(

+

Uout
)

RL
>10 K

Gnd
C6
4.7 nF

P8
P7

Uref2

Gnd

Gnd

C5
1 nF
Gnd

Gnd

Lead Frame pins

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LEM International SA
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HC16F xxxx-S00

Soldering recommendation:

LEM recommends to use the following equipment parameters for the soldering of HC16F xxxx-S00 family. Nevertheless, customer is remaining responsible for final solder joints validation as it’s deeply depending on many parameters not controlled by
LEM.
1. Wave soldering Throuh Holes Device (THD) for HC16F xxxx-S00:•
Machine ARIES•SN 100C lead free solder•
Flux FS 110 (of Sodiflux)•
LEM recommended - PCB layout : according to gerber file of PCB 2569-00•
Temperature profile as below:
Conveyor speed = 40 cm/min; Preheater = 400 °C; Solder pot = 270 °C.

2. Reflow soldering THD (by Pin in Paste for HC16F xxx-S00) :•Machine HELLER 1707 MK3•Solder Paste Ecorel Free 305-16T4•
Solder paste thickness 200 µm•
LEM recommended - PCB layout : according to gerber file of PCB 2569-00 for THD version•
Temperature profile as below:
°C

PASS

300.0

240

240.0

217

180.0 180
150
120.0

60.0
30
0.0

0:37

1:15

1:52

2:30

3:07

3:45

4:22

(Time M:SS ------>)

Process parameters

Consign of zones (Machine Heller 1707 MK III)INVENTEC ECOREL
Type of alloy (Solder paste)
FREE 305-16 T4

Z1

Z2

Z3

Z4

Z5

Z6

Z7

Min

Max

Units

Upper
Heat (°C)

120

160

170

200

230

265

250

Preheat time(150 °C -180 °C)

30

130

seconds

Lowerheat (°C)

120

160

170

200

230

265

250

Liquidus time
(t °C > 217 °C)

45

100

seconds

Pick T °C

230

250

°C

Speed (cm/min)40
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HC16F xxxx-S00

Recommendation on Return busbar’s position
Busbar return influence @ Ip : the positive current direction as defined on page 2.
The best position α = 0° and 180°.
HC16F 1200-S00 : Return Busbar Error vs (Alpha, d) @ Ip positive

1.00%
0.75%

Error (% of Ip)

0.50%
0.25%
0.00%

0

45

90

135

180

225

270

315

360

-0.25%-0.50%-0.75%-1.00%

Return busbar position α (°)
d=0mm

d=10mmd=20mmThe return busbar error is the relative error generated by the return busbar in comparison with the straight busbar.

Recommendation – External magnetic sources position
External magnetic field influence @ I external : the positive current direction as defined on page 2.
The best position α = 0° and 180°.
External magnetic field influence vs I external positive (% of I external)
d= 0mm (R= 22.65mm)

1.00%

Influence (% I of external)

0.75%
0.50%

I external

0.25%
0.00%

0

45

90

135

180

225

270

315

360

-0.25%-0.50%-0.75%-1.00%

I external position α (°)
0mm

10mm

20mm

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Transducer’s Pick and Place Instruction

HC16F xxxx-S00

Tray packaging of transducer HC16F

Notes : For the dimensions of the transducers HC16F, please see page 2/12
Advice insertion force of 4N minimum for an automatic placement on the PCBA.

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