한국어능력시험(TOPIK)과 유럽공통참조기준(CEFR)유럽공통참조기준(CEFR) 연계표<’23.12. 28.(목), 국립국제교육원(NIIED)>1

TOPIK-CEFR 연계표(Comparison Table of TOPIK and CEFR)□ 개요◦ TOPIK과 CEFR의 등급은 아래와 같이 각각3‘1

급 -A1, 2급 -A2,

급-B 1, 4급-B 2, 5급-C1, 6급-C2’로 연계됨

Below are the TOPIK levels linked to their corresponding CEFR
levels; Level 1 to A1, Level 2 to A2, Level 3 to B1, Level 4 to B2,Level 5 to C1, and Level 6 to C2, respectively.

- 1 -2The TOPIK Global Scale(NIIED, 2023)■ 한국어능력시험(TOPIK) 총괄 등급 기술문(국문)등급등급 기술개인의 신상 및 생활 관련 화제에 대한 짧고 간단한 말과 글을 구사할 수 있으며 일상1급생활에 필요한 기초적인 의사소통 기능을 수행할 수 있다. 정형화된 표현, 기초 어휘와기본 문법을 사용하여 만들어진 짧은 문장을 이해하고 생성할 수 있다.
개인적이고 친숙한 화제에 대한 말과 글을 구사할 수 있으며 일상생활에서 자주 접하는공공장소에서 의사소통 기능을 수행할 수 있다. 일상적인 이야기나 간단한 정보에 대해2급듣고 말할 수 있으며 공공장소에서 이루어지는 활동에 관련된 쉬운 수준의 글을 읽고쓸 수 있다. 구조가 단순한 문장으로 이루어진 짧은 단락의 말과 글을 이해하고 생성할수 있다.
일상적인 개인적 화제, 친숙한 사회적 화제에 대한 말과 글을 구사할 수 있으며 대인3급관계 유지 및 의견 교환 등에 필요한 의사소통 기능을 수행할 수 있다. 단순한 사건이나경험에 대해 듣고 말할 수 있으며 사실적 내용을 설명한 간단한 글을 읽고 쓸 수 있다.
다양한 문장 구조로 이루어진 한두 단락의 말과 글을 이해하고 생성할 수 있다.
일상성이 낮은 개인적 화제, 친숙한 추상적·사회적 화제에 대한 말과 글을 구사할 수 있으며
학업·업무, 공적 대인 관계나 사회 활동에 필요한 의사소통 기능을 수행할 수 있다. 구4급

체적이고 논리적인 견해를 비교적 분명히 듣고 말할 수 있으며, 세부적 정보가 포함되거나 추론적 이해가 필요한 글을 대체적으로 잘 읽고 쓸 수 있다. 복잡한 문장 구조로이루어진 두세 단락의 말과 글을 이해하고 생성할 수 있다.
친숙하지 않은 추상적·사회적 화제, 자신의 전문 분야의 화제에 대한 다양한 장르의 말과글을 구사할 수 있으며. 학업·업무와 같은 격식적·공식적 맥락에서 필요로 하는 의사소통5급기능을 수행할 수 있다. 일관성과 응집성을 갖춘 논리적인 구어·문어 담화를 유창하고정확하게 파악하고 산출할 수 있다. 복잡하고 어려운 구조로 이루어진 여러 단락의 말과글을 이해하고 생성할 수 있다.
대부분의 추상적·사회적 화제 및 전문적 영역의 화제에 대한 광범위한 유형의 말과 글을구사할 수 있으며, 대부분의 사회적·격식적·공식적 맥락에서의 의사소통 기능을 효과적6급이고 성공적으로 수행할 수 있다. 다양한 논리적·수사적 표현과 함축적이고 암시적인 정보가 다수 포함된 구어·문어 담화를 유창하고 정확하게 파악하고 산출할 수 있다. 복잡하고 어려운 구조의 문장이 포함된 여러 개의 단락으로 이루어진 긴 말과 글을 정교하게이해하고 생성할 수 있다.

- 2 -■ 한국어능력시험(TOPIK) 총괄 등급 기술문(영문)Level

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Level 4

Description
Can speak and write short and simple words about personal details and life-related
topics, and perform basic communication functions necessary for daily life. Can
understand and produce short sentences using formulaic expressions, basic
vocabulary, and basic grammar and can have simple interactions by using thosesentences.
Can speak and write about personal and familiar topics and communicate in publicplaces frequently encountered in daily life. Can listen and talk about everyday
stories and convey simple information, and can read and write phrases related toactivities that take place in public places at an easy level. Can understand andproduce short paragraphs of speech and writing consisting of simple sentence
structures.
Can speak and write about everyday personal topics and familiar social topics, andperform communication functions necessary for maintaining interpersonal
relationships and exchanging opinions. Can listen and talk about simple events orexperiences, and can read and write simple texts explaining factual content. Can
understand and produce one or two paragraphs of speech and writing with various
sentence structures.
Can speak and write about personal topics that are less frequently used as well asfamiliar abstract or social concepts, and perform communication functions
necessary for study, work, professional interpersonal relationships, and socialactivities. Can understand and express specific and logical opinions relatively
clearly, and can generally read and write texts that contain detailed information orrequire inferential understanding. Can understand and produce two to threeparagraphs of speech and writing consisting of complex sentence structures.
Can speak and write in a variety of genres on unfamiliar abstract and social topics
as well as topics in one’s field of specialization. Can communicate in public andLevel 5

formal contexts such as academic and professional situations. Can understand anduse accurately and fluently logical oral and written discourse with consistency andcohesion. Can understand and produce multi-paragraph speech and writing
consisting of complex and difficult structures.
Can produce a wide range of speech and writing on most abstract social topics
and topics in professional disciplines, and can effectively and successfully perform

Level 6

communication functions in most social, formal, and public contexts. Can fluently
and accurately understand and produce spoken and written discourse that contains
a variety of logical and rhetorical expressions as well as one that contain
substantial amounts of implicit and deductive information. Can precisely understandand produce long multi-paragraph speech and writing consisting of complex anddifficult sentence structures.

- 3 -참고The CEFR Global Scale(Council of Europe, 2020)■ 유럽공통참조기준(CEFR) 총괄 등급 기술문(유럽평의회, 2020)
Level

Description

A1

Can understand and use familiar everyday expressions and very basic phrases
aimed at the satisfaction of needs of a concrete type. Can introduce themselves
and others and can ask and answer questions about personal details such aswhere someone lives, people they know and things they have. Can interact in a asimple way provided the other person talks slowly and clearly and is prepared to
help.

A2

Can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of mostimmediate relevance (e.g. very basic personal and family information, shopping,local geography, employment). Can communicate in simple and routine tasks
requiring a simple and direct exchange of information on familiar and routine
matters. Can describe in simple terms aspects of their background, immediate
environment and matters in areas of immediate need.

B1

Can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly
encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. Can deal with most situations likely toarise while travelling in an area where the language is spoken. Can produce simple
connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal interest. Can describe
experiences and events, dreams, hopes & ambitions and briefly give reasons andexplanations for opinions and plans.

B2

Can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract
topics, including technical discussions in their field of specialisation. Can interact
with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with usersof the target language quite possible without imposing strain on either party. Can
produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects and explain a viewpoint on
a topical issue giving the advantages and disadvantages of various options.

C1

Can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognise implicit
meaning. Can express themselves fluently and spontaneously without much obvious
searching for expressions. Can use language flexibly and effectively for social,academic and professional purposes. Can produce clear, well-structured, detailed
text on complex subjects, showing controlled use of organisational patterns,
connectors and cohesive devices.

C2

Can understand virtually all types of texts. Can summarise information from different
oral and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherentpresentation. Can express themselves spontaneously, very fluently and precisely,
differentiating finer shades of meaning even in more complex situations.

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