THPM4401A_Rev.1.30_E

THPM4401A
4-28V Input 8A Output POL Power Module
Features

Description



THPM4401A is an easy-to-use 8A output integrated
Point of Load (POL) power supply module. It contains
power MOSFETs, driver, PWM controller, a highperformance inductor, input and output capacitors andother passive components in one low profile LGA package
using Inductor technology.
There is no need for loop compensation, sensitive PCB
layout, inductor selection, or in-circuit production testing.
The THPM4401A can be programmed for any output
voltage between 0.6V and 5.0V using a single external
resistor. For an output voltage of 0.6V no resistor isrequired.
The THPM4401A delivers up to 8A load current, andcan deliver up to 6A at 85°C ambient temperature with noairflow.
Small size (15.2mm x 9.2mm) and low profile (3mm)allows the THPM4401A to be placed very close to its load,or on the back side of the PCB board for high density
applications.

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Integrated Point of Load power module using in
Inductor technology
Small Footprint, low-profile, 15.2mm x 9.2mm x3mm, with LGA Package (0.63 mm pads)
Efficiency of 94% at 4A and 93% at 6A for 5V
output, 12V input
Up to 8A maximum output current; up to 6A at 85°C
ambient with no air flow
Single resistor output voltage programming forvoltages from 0.6V to 5V
Output voltage remote sensing
Input voltage range 4V to 28VPre-bias start up capability
Enable signal input and Power Good signal output
Output voltage sequencing
Programmable Under Voltage Lock Out (UVLO)
Output Over-Current Protection (OCP)
Operating temperature range -40°C to 85°C

Applications
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Broadband and communications equipment
DSP and FPGA Point of Load applications
High density distributed power systems
PCI express / PXI express
Automated test and medical equipment

SIMPLIFIED APPLICATIONEFFICIENCY VS LOAD CURRENT

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ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM(1) RATINGS over operating temperature range(unless otherwise noted)
VALUE
Unit
MIN
MAX
VIN
-0.3
30
V
EN
-0.3
30
V
InputsVSENSE
-0.3
30
V
VADJ
-0.3
4
V
VOUT
-0.6
10
V
PHASE
-0.6
VIN
V
Outputs
PWRGD
-0.3
30
V
VAUX
-0.3
4
V
Operating Junction Temperature
150°C
Temperature
Storage Temperature
-55
150
°C
Peak solder reflow body temperature
245°C(1) Stresses beyond these absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, andfunctional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating
conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

ORDERING INFORMATION
Output Voltage
Adjustable

Module Part Number
THPM4401A

Pad Finish
Au (RoHS)

Package Type
LGA

Temperature Range-40˚C to 85˚C

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ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The electrical performance is based on the following conditions unless otherwise stated: 25°C ambient temperature, no
air flow; VIN = 12V, IOUT = 6A, CIN = 4×22μF ceramic, COUT = 2×100μF ceramic.
PARAMETERS
Input Specifications
VIN
Input voltage [Note 1]
VSTART Start up voltage [Note 2]
VEN_ON Enable on voltage
VEN_OFF Enable off voltage
UVLO Under Voltage Lock Out [Note 2]
UVLO Hysteresis
Output Specifications
IOUT:
Output continuous current
IOUT:
Maximum current
Set point accuracy [Note 3]
Temperature variation
VOUT
Line regulation
Load regulation
VOUT(adj): Output voltage adjust range
Vo_rip, Output voltage ripple
VAUX: Auxiliary output
OVP

Over-voltage Protection

PWRGD

Power Good Signal

FS
Switching frequency
Performance Specifications
ηEfficiency (VOUT = 5V)

TEST CONDITIONS

MIN

TYP

MAX

UNIT

Over IOUT range
Over IOUT range
Enable high voltage (module turned on)
Enable low voltage (module turned off)

4
0.8
-

12
3.65
3.55
0.1

28
0.4
-

V
V
V
V
V
V

TA = -40°C to 85°C, natural convection
TA = -40°C to 50°C, refer to Fig. 29-Fig.
31
TA = 25°C, VIN = 12V, IOUT = 3A
-40°C < TA < +85°C, IOUT = 3A
Over VIN range, TA = 25°C, IOUT = 3A
Over IOUT range, TA = 25°C, VIN = 12V
Over IOUT range [Note 1]
20MHz bandwidth, VIN = 12V, IOUT = 6A
Output voltage
OVP threshold (percentage of nominal)
OVP shutdown delay
PWRGD high
VOUT rising(% of VOUT)PWRGD delay
VOUT falling
Hysteresis(% of VOUT)
VIN = 12V, VOUT = 5V, IOUT = 6A

0
-

-

6
8

A
A

0.6
115%
88%
-

±1.5%
±1%
±0.5%
±1%
20
3.3
120%
20
90%
10
2%

5.0
125%
92%
-

V
mVpp
V
μs
μs
-

-

760

-

kHz

-

94.2%
93.2%

-

-

IOUT = 3A
IOUT = 6A

VIN = 12V

Current Limit and Thermal Specifications
ILIM
Current Limit Point
VIN = 12V
11
Thermal shutdown
150
Thermal shutdown (die temperature)
Thermal shutdown recovery hysteresis
15
Note 1: There must be enough margin between the input and output voltage (refer to Fig. 15 on page 11)
Note 2: Startup voltage and UVLO are with no external resistor; startup and UVLO can be increased using an external
programming resistor – refer to Startup Voltage on page 13.
Note 3: With 0.1% tolerance external voltage set resistor.

A
°C
°C

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POWER MODULE INFORMATIONFUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM for THPM4401A

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PIN DESCRIPTIONSPIN Name
VIN(C1-C7, B7)
VAUX(A1, A2)PHASE(F1-H1)VOUT(F5-L5, F6-L6, F7-L7)
PGND(D1-E1, J1-L1, D2-L2, D3-L3,
D4-L4, D5, D6-E6, D7-E7)
AGND(B1- B3)
EN
(A7)
VADJ
(A6)
VSENSE
(A5)
NC
(A4)
PWRGD
(A3)

Description
Input voltage pins, referenced to PGND. Connect input ceramic capacitors between thesepins and PGND plane, close to the power module. It is suggested to place the ceramic
capacitors at both sides of the module, one between PIN A3 and PIN A4-A5 and one
between PIN G2-G3 and PIN G4-G5.
Auxiliary output from an LDO in the module, which is referenced to AGND. An external
capacitor is not normally necessary.
Note: VAUX pin is not capable of high current.
Switching node of the Buck converter. Please connect these pins together using a small
and isolated copper plane under the device for better thermal performance. Do not connect
any external component to these pins. Do not use these pins for other functions.
Output voltage pins. Connect these pins together onto a copper plane. Connect external
output filter capacitors between these pins and PGND plane, close to the device.
Zero DC voltage reference for power circuitry. These pins should be connected directly
to the PCB ground plane. All pins must be connected together externally with a copper planeor poured directly under the module.
Zero DC voltage reference for the analog control circuitry. A small analog ground planeis recommended. VADJ, SS, and VSENSE pins should be referenced to analog ground.
These pins should be connected directly to the PCB analog ground plane. A single pointconnection between AGND and PGND in motherboard is recommended.
Enable pin. When above Enable On Voltage (VEN_ON), the power module will be turned onwhen the power input voltage (VIN) is above start up voltage (VSTART). When EN pin is
below Enable Off Voltage (VEN_OFF), the power module will be off.
Output voltage programming pin. Connect a resistor between this pin and PGND top set
the output voltage.
Remote sensing pin. Connect this pin to VOUT close to the load for improved voltage
regulation.
Note: this pin is not connected to VOUT inside the module, and must be connected
externally.
There is no connection to this pin. Leave open or connect to PGND
Power Good pin, an open drain output. A resistor connected between PWRGD and any
voltage up to VIN can be used. PWRGD is high if the output voltage is higher than 90% of
the nominal value. It will be pulled down if the output voltage is less than 80% or higher
than 120% of the nominal value.

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LGA PACKAGE
73 PINS,(TOP VIEW)

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TYPICAL EFFICIENCY AND POWER LOSS DATA (Note 1)
A. Efficiency and power loss at 12V input

Fig. 1 Efficiency vs Output Current (VIN=12V)

Fig. 2 Power Dissipation vs Output Current(VIN=12V)

B. Efficiency and power loss at min, nominal and max input
VOUT = 5V, TA = 25°C

Fig. 3 Efficiency vs Output Current (VOUT=5V)

Fig. 4 Power Dissipation vs Output Current(VOUT=5V)

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VOUT = 3.3V, TA = 25°C

Fig. 5 Efficiency vs Output Current (VOUT=3.3V)

Fig. 6 Power Dissipation vs Output Current(VOUT=3.3V)

VOUT = 1.8V, TA = 25°C

Fig. 7 Efficiency vs Output Current (VOUT=1.8V)

Fig. 8 Power Dissipation vs Output Current(VOUT=1.8V)

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VOUT = 1.0V, TA = 25°C

Fig. 9 Efficiency vs Output Current (VOUT=1.0V)

Fig. 10 Power Dissipation vs Output Current(VOUT=1.0V)

VOUT = 0.6V, TA = 25°C

Fig. 11 Efficiency vs Output Current (VOUT=0.6V)

Fig. 12 Power Dissipation vs Output Current(VOUT=0.6V)

Note 1: The above curves (Fig. 1 to Fig. 12) are derived from measured data taken on samples of the THPM4401A tested
at room temperature (25°C), and are typical for the product.

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APPLICATION INFORMATION

Output Voltage Programming
The output voltage is programmed using a resistor RPROG from VADJ to PGND, as shown in Fig. 13. By default, theoutput voltage is 0.6V without a resistor connected.

VOUT

THPM4401A

VOUT

SPM1006

VSENSE

R1

COUT
VADJ

0.6V

RPROG
AGND

PGND

Fig. 13 Output Voltage Programming Circuit
A single standard resistor can be used to program for any of the common voltages shown in Table 1. For applications
requiring a precise voltage set-point, it is recommended to use a 0.1% tolerance resistor.
Table 1 - Output Voltage Programming Resistor
0.8V

1.0V

1.2V

1.5V

1.8V

2.5V

3.3V

5.0V

33.2kΩ

16.5kΩ

11kΩ

7.32kΩ

5.49kΩ

3.48kΩ

2.43kΩ

1.5kΩ

The programming resistor can be calculated for any output voltage using equation (1).

RPROG 11kVOUT / 0.6V  1(1)Note that the VADJ pin is noise sensitive and the connections to this pin should be kept as short as possible.
To further adjust the output voltage, another resistor RTRIM may be connected between VSENSE and VADJ, as shown
Fig. 14. The resulting output voltage is a function of equation (2).

RTRIM * 11k)RTRIM  11k
VOUT  0.6V * (1 )
R PROG((2)

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VOUT

THPM4401A

VOUT

SPM1006

VSENSE
R1

0.6V

RTRIM

COUT

VADJ

RPROG
AGND

PGND

Fig. 14 Output Voltage Trim Circuit
To guarantee normal operation and regulation, there must be sufficient input-output voltage differential. Fig. 15 indicatesthe minimum input voltage required.

Fig. 15 Minimum Input Voltage

Enable (EN) Control
The EN pin provides an electrical on/off control of the power module. Once the voltage at the EN pin exceeds thethreshold voltage (0.8V) or is left open, the power module starts operation when the input voltage is higher than the input
start-up voltage (VSTART).
When the voltage at EN pin is pulled below the threshold voltage, the switching converter stops switching and the power
module enters low quiescent current state.
If an application requires controlling the EN pin, an open drain or open collector output logic can be used to interface
with the pin, as shown in Fig. 16, where high ON/OFF signal (low EN) disables the power module.

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Fig. 16 Typical ON/OFF Control
When EN pin is open (or connected to a logic high voltage), THPM4401A produces a regulated output voltage following
the application of a valid input voltage. Fig. 17 shows the startup waveform for THPM4401A without EN control. The
top trace is input voltage, the middle trace is Power Good signal (PWRGD), and the bottom trace is the output voltage.

Fig. 17 Start-Up Waveforms for THPM4401A(set to 1.8V output) without EN control
Fig. 18 and Fig. 19 show the typical output voltage waveforms when THPM4401A is turned on and turned off by the
EN pin. In these figures, the top trace is enable signal (EN), the middle trace is Power Good signal (PWRGD), and thebottom trace is the output voltage.

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Fig. 18 Enable Turn-On for THPM4401A(set to 1.8V, with IOUT = 6A)

Fig. 19 Enable Turn-Off for THPM4401A(set to 1.8V, with IOUT = 6A)Pre-bias Startup
Some applications require startup when there is a residual pre-bias voltage on the output. The THPM4401A can start inthis condition and as long as the pre-bias voltage is lower than the final output the start-up waveform will be normal.
Fig. 20 illustrates start up with pre-bias of approximately 50% of the nominal output voltage. Fig. 21 shows the start-up
when the pre-bias is about 80% of the nominal output.
Ch1 Blue = VIN
CH3 Violet = PWRGD
CH4 Green = VOUT

Ch1 Blue = VIN
CH3 Violet = PWRGD
CH4 Green = VOUT

Fig. 20 Start-up with pre-bias 2.62V (VOUT=5V)

Fig. 21 Start-up with pre-bias 4.21V (VOUT=5V)

Start Up Voltage
By default, the THPM4401A will turn on when the input voltage reaches the startup voltage (VSTART). The THPM4401A
will turn off when the input voltage reduces to below the Under-Voltage Lock-Out (UVLO) level. Startup voltage cannot
be reduced below the values provided in the table of Electrical Characteristics. Startup voltage can be increased by an
external resistor (REN) connected between EN pin and PGND pin.

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The resistor value REN (in kΩ) can be calculated using equation (3) below based on the required start up voltage, VSTART.
Note: VSTART must be higher than 3.9V.
(3)For example, to set the start-up voltage to 9.0V the value of REN will be 9.76 kΩ.
The shutdown voltage is given by equation (4) below:(4)
For example, if REN = 9.76 kΩ the shutdown voltage will be 4.5V.

Power Good (PWRGD)
The PWRGD pin is an open drain output. Connect a pull up resistor (10kΩ to 100kΩ) between PWRGD pin and VAUX
pin, or to a suitable external voltage. [Note: maximum voltage on this pin is VIN, but any lower voltage logic level canbe used.] PWRGD signal becomes high when the output voltage reaches 90% of normal output voltage. The PWRGD
signal becomes low when the output voltage is lower than 80% or higher than 120% of the normal output voltage.

Soft Start Operation
Soft-start operation is internal to the THPM4401A. It has an internally programmed fixed start-up time.

Input and Output Capacitance
Recommended minimum capacitance is 47μF ceramic (input) and 150μF ceramic (output). Additional capacitors can beconnected in parallel if required, to reduce output ripple and improve transient response.

Application Schematics
Fig. 22 shows a typical application schematic for 12V input and 3.3V output. Startup voltage is set to 9V using theresistor REN, with value 9.76 kΩ. If required, a MOSFET can also be connected to the EN pin, as shown in Fig. 16 toprovide on-off control.

Fig. 22 Typical schematic for VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V with start-up voltage set to 9V

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Sequencing Operation
The term sequencing is used when two or more separate modules are configured to start one after the other, in sequence.
Sequencing operation between two or more THPM4401A power modules can be implemented with PWRGD pin andEN pin. Fig. 23 shows an example configuration when one THPM4401A (set to 5V) starts first and a second
THPM4401A (set to 3.3V) starts after the output voltage of the first THPM4401A has reached 5V. In this case, thePower Good signal (PWRGD) of the first module turns on the second module through the EN pin.
Fig. 24 shows the output voltage waveforms of two THPM4401A modules used in sequential start-up mode. It showsthat PWRGD signal becomes high when the first THPM4401A enters into regulation, and then the second THPM4401A
starts up.
Note: The THPM4401A can start in sequence with another THPM4401A or with any other POL having a compatible
Power Good output.
VOUT1 5V
EN

VOUT

THPM4401A
SPM1006
#1
VADJ
RPROG
1.5kΩ

PWGRD

VOUT2 3.3V
EN

VOUT

THPM4401A
SPM1006
VADJ
#2
RPROG
2.43kΩPWGRD

Fig. 23 Sequential Startup, VOUT1 = 5V, VOUT2 = 3.3V

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Ch1 3.3V output
CH2 5V output
CH3 PG #1/EN #2

Fig. 24 Typical sequential startup waveforms

Transient Response
THPM4401A uses instant PWM control and achieves excellent transient performance. The following table summarizes
the measured data when the load current undergoes a step change between 2A and 5A for output voltage setting of 5V
and input voltage of 12V. The slew rate for the load current change is 1A/µs.
VOUT
setting
5V
0.6V

Transient voltage(3A step)

Recovery time

40mV
20mV

150μs
50μs

The measured transient waveform for 5V output is given in Fig. 25, and for 0.6V output in Fig. 26.

Fig. 25 Transient Response (VIN = 12V, VOUT = 5V)

Fig. 26 Transient Response (VIN = 12V, VOUT =0.6V)

The above figures show the typical output voltage waveform when the load current undergoes a step change between
2A and 5A (3A step), showing that the THPM4401A can achieve excellent dynamic performance.

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Over Current Protection
For protection against over-current faults, THPM4401A will shut down when the load current is higher than the overcurrent protection (OCP) level. During an over-current condition, THPM4401A will operate in hiccup mode and will try
to re-start automatically. The hiccup operation will continue until the over-current condition is removed or input power
is removed.
Fig. 27 shows the output voltage and output current waveforms during over-current protection operation for
THPM4401A set to 1.8V output. Performance at other output voltage settings is similar. When the over-current condition
is removed, the output voltage recovers automatically to the nominal voltage, as shown in Fig. 28.
Note: Extended operation at the current limit point may cause the THPM4401A to latch off. If so, normal operation will
resume after either the EN pin or the input power is momentarily cycled OFF and ON.

Fig. 27 Overcurrent protection (hiccup mode)

Fig. 28 Recovery from overcurrent

Input protection
In most applications, the input power source provides current limiting (typically fold-back or hiccup mode) and as longas the average fault current is limited to approximately 10A or less, no further protection is required.
If the THPM4401A is powered from a battery or other high current source, it is recommended to include an externalfuse (maximum 10A) in the input to the module. The THPM4401A includes full protection against output overcurrent
or short-circuit, and the fuse will not operate under any output overload condition.

Thermal Considerations
The maximum continuous current rating depends on the ambient temperature, input voltage and output voltage as shownin Fig. 29, Fig. 30 and Fig. 31. Output current can exceed these values for short periods, as long as the average does notexceed the derating curve.
The maximum rating is also influenced by the PCB layout; thermal performance can be improved by using more copperon the motherboard. The derating shown in these curves is measured using the THine Evaluation Module (EVM) layout.
Derating also depends on airflow; these curves are based on data measured under natural convection (no forced air).

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Fig. 29 Output current derating (7.5V input)

Fig. 30 Output current derating (12V input)

Fig. 31 Output current derating (24V input)

The absolute maximum operating junction temperature is 150°C and it is recommended to keep the operating temperature
well below this value under worst-case conditions. Maximum recommended case temperature is 115°C, whichcorresponds to a junction temperature of approximately 125°C.
The thermal resistance from case to ambient (θCA) depends on the PCB layout as well as the amount of cooling airflow.
When mounted on the EVM, θCA is approximately 15°C/watt in still air.
The THPM4401A implements an internal thermal shutdown to protect itself against over-temperature conditions. Whenthe junction temperature of the power MOSFET is above 150°C, the power module stops operating to protect itself fromthermal damage. When the MOSFET temperature reduces to approximately 135°C (with hysteresis of 15°C),
THPM4401A will restart automatically.

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Layout Considerations
To achieve optimal electrical and thermal performance, an optimized PCB layout is required. Some considerations foran optimized layout are:
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Use large copper areas for power planes (VIN, VOUT, and PGND) to minimize conduction loss and thermal
stress;Place ceramic input and output capacitors close to the module pins to minimize high frequency noise;
Locate additional output capacitors between the main ceramic capacitor and the load;
Connect AGND plane and PGND plane at single point;
Place resistors and capacitors connected to SENSE and VADJ pins as close as possible to their respective pins;
Do not connect PHASE pin to other components;
Use multiple vias to connect the power planes to internal layers.

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Package Dimensions and PCB pads
ALL DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERSFLATNESS OF LGA PLANE: MAX 0.1mm

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Notices and Requests
1.

The product specifications described in this material are subject to change without prior notice.

2.

The circuit diagrams described in this material are examples of the application which may not always apply to the customer’s design. THine
Electronics, Inc. (“THine”) is not responsible for possible errors and omissions in this material. Please note even if errors or omissions
should be found in this material, THine may not be able to correct them immediately.

3.

This material contains THine’s copyright, know-how or other intellectual property rights. Copying, reverse-engineer or disclosing to third
parties the contents of this material without THine’s prior written permission is prohibited.

4.

THINE ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR ANY DAMAGE OR LOSS IN CONNECTION WITH ANY DISPUTE RELATING TO
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS BETWEEN THE USER AND ANY THIRD PARTY, ARISING OUT OF THIS PRODUCT,EXCEPT FOR SUCH DAMAGE OR LOSS IN CONNECTION WITH DISPUTES SUCCESSFULLY PROVED BY THE USER THATSUCH DISPUTES ARE DUE SOLELY TO THINE. NOTE, HOWEVER, EVEN IN THE AFOREMENTIONED CASE, THINEACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR SUCH DAMAGE OR LOSS IF THE DISPUTE IS CAUSED BY THE USER’S INSTRUCTION.

5.

This product is not designed for applications that require extremely high-reliability/safety such as aerospace device, nuclear power control
device, or medical device related to critical care, excluding when this product is specified for automotive use by THine and used it for that
purpose. THine accepts no liability whatsoever for any damages, claims or losses arising out of the uses set forth above.

6.

Despite our utmost efforts to improve the quality and reliability of the product, faults will occur with a certain small probability, which isinevitable to a semi-conductor product. Therefore, you are encouraged to have sufficiently fail-safe design principles such as redundant or
error preventive design applied to the use of the product so as not to have our product cause any social or public damage.

7.

This product may be permanently damaged and suffer from performance degradation or loss of mechanical functionality if subjected toelectrostatic charge exceeding capacity of the ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) protection circuitry. Safety earth ground must be provided toanything in contact with the product, including any operator, floor, tester and soldering iron.

8.

Please note that this product is not designed to be radiation-proof.

9.

Testing and other quality control techniques are used to this product to the extent THine deems necessary to support warranty for
performance of this product. Except where mandated by applicable law or deemed necessary by THine based on the user’s request, testingof all functions and performance of the product is not necessarily performed.

10. This product must be stored according to storage method which is specified in this specifications. THine accepts no liability whatsoever for
any damage or loss caused to the user due to any storage not according to above-mentioned method.
11. Customers are asked, if required, to judge by themselves if this product falls under the category of strategic goods under the Foreign
Exchange and Foreign Trade Act in Japan and the Export Administration Regulations in the United States of America on export or transit ofthis product. This product is prohibited for the purpose of developing military modernization, including the development of weapons ofmass destruction (WMD), and the purpose of violating human rights.
12. The product or peripheral parts may be damaged by a surge in voltage over the absolute maximum ratings or malfunction, if pins of the
product are shorted by such as foreign substance. The damages may cause a smoking and ignition. Therefore, you are encouraged to
implement safety measures by adding protection devices, such as fuses. THine accepts no liability whatsoever for any damage or loss caused
to the user due to use under a condition exceeding the limiting values.
13. All patents or pending patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, layout-design exploitation rights or other intellectual property rights
concerned with this product belong to THine or licensor(s) of THine. No license or right is granted to the user for any intellectual property
right or other proprietary right now or in the future owned by THine or THine’s licensor. The user must enter into a license agreement with
THine or THine’s licensor to be granted of such license or right.

THine Electronics, Inc.
https://www.thine.co.jp
THine Electronics, Inc.

Copyright©2023 THine Electronics, Inc.
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