Narrator
Listen to part of a lecture in an anthropology class.

Professor
So we’ve been discussing sixteenth-century Native American life, and today we’re going to focus on
Iroquois and Huron peoples. Um, they lived in the northeastern Great Lakes region of North America.
Now, uh, back then their lives depended on the natural resources of the forest, especially the birch tree.
The birch tree can grow in many different types of soils and is prevalent in that area. Now, um, cananyone here describe a birch tree?

Male student
Umm, they’re tall? And … white? The bark, I mean.

ProfessorYes, the birch tree has white bark. And this tough protective outer layer of the tree, this, this white bark, iswaterproof, and this waterproof quality of the bark, oh, it made it useful for making things like cooking
containers, um … a-a variety of utensils. And … i-if you peel birch bark in the winter... eh, we call it the“winter bark”... um, another layer, a tougher inner layer of the tree adheres to the bark, producing astronger material … so the “winter bark” was used for larger utensils and containers.

Male student
Umm, I know people make utensils out of wood, but … utensils out of tree bark?

Professor
Well, birch bark is pliable and very easy to bend. The Native Americans would cut the bark and fold it into
any shape they needed, then secure it with cords until it dried. They could fold the bark into many
shapes.

Female student
So, if they cooked in bowls made of birch bark, wouldn’t that make the food taste funny?

Professor
Oh, that’s one of the great things about birch bark. The taste of the birch tree doesn’t get transferred tothe food.so it was perfect for cooking containers.
Uh, but the most use of the bark was the canoe. Since the northeast region of North America is, uh, it’sinterconnected by many streams and waterways, water transportation by vessels like a canoe was mostessential. The paths through the woods were often overgrown, so, so water travel was much faster. And
here’s what the Native Americans did … they would peel large sheets of bark from the tree to form
lightweight yet sturdy canoes. The bark was stretched over frames made from tree branches, uh,stitched together and sealed with resin, you know that, that sticky liquid that comes out of the tree. Andwhen it dries, it’s watertight. One great thing about these birch bark canoes was, uh, they could carry alarge amount of cargo. For example, a canoe weighing about 50 pounds could carry up to 9 people and250 pounds of cargo.

Female student
Wow! But … how far could they travel that way?

Professor
Well, like I said, the northeastern region is, uh, interconnected by rivers and streams, and, uh, the ocean
at the coast. The canoes allowed them to travel over a vast area that-that today would take a few hours
to fly over. You see, the Native Americans made canoes of all types, for travel on small streams or onlarge open ocean waters. For small streams they made narrow, maneuverable boats, while, while larger
canoes were needed for the ocean. They could travel throughout the area, only occasionally having toportage, um to, to, carry the canoe over land a short distance, eh, to another nearby stream. And since
the canoes were so light … this wasn’t a difficult task. Now, how do you think this affected their lives?

Female student
Well, if they could travel so easily over such a large area, they could trade with people from other areas… which I guess, would … lead them to form alliances?

Professor
Exactly. Having an efficient means of transportation, well, that helped the Iroquois to form a federation,linked by natural waterways, and this federation expanded from, uh, what is now southern Canada all
the way south to the Delaware River. And, eh, this efficiency of the birch bark canoe also made an
impression on newcomers to the area. French traders in the seventeenth century modeled their … eh,well they adopted the design of the Iroquois birch bark canoes and they found that they could travel
great distances, more than 1500 kilometers a month.
Now, besides the bark, Native Americans also used the wood of the birch tree. Eh, the young trees wereused as supports for lodgings, with the waterproof bark used as roofing. Um, branches were folded intosnowshoes, and the Native American people were all adept at running … running very fast over thesnow in these, uh, these birch branch snowshoes, which, if you’ve ever tried walking in snowshoes, youknow isn’t easy.
Replay Question
Narrator Why does the professor say this?
Professor
The canoes allowed them to travel over a vast area that-that today would take a few hours to fly over.

＜正解＞ B
＜解説＞ 本文では、この Replay の部分の前に女子生徒が “how far could they travel that way?” と質問しています。それに対して教授は “interconnected by rivers and streams”（川や小川によってたくさんの領域がつながっている）と述べていますね。つまり、移動できる領域の範囲を説明しています。そしてこの Replay の部分では “vast”（広域の）という単語を使っている事からも、カヌーによってどれだけ移動範囲が広かったかを示している話の流れの一部であることがわかります。
本実践演習の詳細は下記 Web ページをご覧ください。
■ETS 公認トレーナー直伝 TOEFL iBT® 対策、ここがポイント！
第 16 回 TOEFL iBT® Listening 対策

No.5 TOEFL iBT® Listening のカギ！Replay Question を攻略しよう！その 2
http://www.cieej.or.jp/toefl/webmagazine/ibt-point/1406/