Updates on Domestic Wastewater
Management in Thailand
Dr. Chaiyo Juisiri

Inland Water Sub-Division , Water Quality Management Division
Pollution Control Department (PCD)
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE)

The 16th WEPA Annual Meeting
1-2 March 2021

Outline
1) Surface Water Resources2) Surface Water Quality
3) Sources of Water Pollution4) Facts and Statistics of Domestic
Wastewater Management
5) Policy on Domestic Wastewater
Management
6) Laws and Regulations Management
7) Water Quality Forecast

Water Quality Management Division
WQM
Inland Water Sub-Division
Marine Water Sub-Division
Administrative Section

Domestic Wastewater Sub-Division
Industrial Wastewater Sub-Division
Agricultural Wastewater Sub-Division
Planning and Evaluation Sub-Division

Responsibilities : water pollution control andmanagementEstablish water pollution control policy
Formulate water quality standards and strategies
Monitor water quality & water pollution
Provide water pollution advice

1. Surface Water Resources in Thailand: can be divided into River 22 Basins (New Update)
As of this year, Thailand has newly divided river into
22 basins
1 Salaween
2 Khong
3 Kok
4 Chi
5 Mun
6 Ping
7 Wang
8 Yom
9 Nan
10 Chao Phraya11 Sakae Krang
12 Pasak13 Tha Chin

14 Mae Klong
15 Bang Pakong
16 Tonele Sap
17 Eastern Coast
18 Phetchaburi
19 Tapi
20 Songkhla Lake
21 Pattani
22 South-West Coast2. Surface Water Quality
375 Monitoring sampling points
4 times/year
48

Main rives

6Lakes2020
75

AutomaticMonitoring
Stations

5 main parameters:• Temperature• pH• Dissolve Oxygen (DO)• Conductivity• Salinity

2. Surface Water Quality (Cont.)
In 2019, the results of testing water quality

by WQI from country’s 48 major rivers and 6
standing water sources showed the results ofExcellent 2%
good 34%
Fair 46%
Poor 18%
Very Poor 0%
None of Water sources determined very poor
water quality index

2. Surface Water Quality (Cont.)
WQI

Water Quality Trend from 2010 – 2019

Bung Boraphet

Kwan Phayao

201
6In 2019,The water quality of theCentral region was in moredeteriorated quality comparing to019
201
otherregions.
7
When comparing to the standardof surface water classification, there
was only 3 water sources withqualified quality.
The majority of the water sources
Nong Hanin the past decade (2010 – 2019)were in fair to good quality andtends to be stable.
Take Noi

WQI

3. Sources of Water Pollution

Agricultural Wastewater
3.9 million m3/day

Industrial Wastewater
17.8 million m3/day

Domestic Wastewater
9.9 million m3/day

Sources of Water Pollution (Daily)

Domestic WastewaterIndustrial Wastewater

9.9 million m3/day

17.8 million m3/day

X 150
66

million •persons •••lpcd

Building effluent standard
Real estate effluent standard
Central wastewater treatment plant
effluent standard

178 million m3/day (*Water use)

4.9 million m3/day(For pig farm and aquaculture)

83,278 factories•

Agricultural WastewaterIndustrial effluent standard••

Pig farm effluent standard
Aquaculture effluent stardard

Acts and Responsible organizations•

Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental
Quality Act (NEQA)

PCD, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment(MONRE)•

Building control Act

Ministry of Interior (Department of interior,Municipalities)•

Public Health Act

Ministry of Health (Department of Health, Municipalities)•ACT on the Maintenance of the Cleanliness and Orderliness ofthe Country•

The Factory Act

Department of Industrial Works, Ministry of Industry•Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand Act

Industrial Estate Authority, Ministry of Industry

Ministry of Interior (Department of local administration,Municipalities)

4. Facts and Statistics of Domestic
Wastewater Management
117 locations ofmunicipal wastewater
treatment facilities1212

4. Facts and Statistics of Domestic
Wastewater Management (Cont.)
117 Locations of Domestic
wastewater treatment facilities
1. City Municipality
27 Plants (30 Cities**)
2. Town Municipality
56 Plants (195 Towns)
3. Subdistrict Municipality
17 Plants (2247 Subdistricts)
4. Provincial
1 Plant (76 Provinces)Administrative Organization
5. Subdistrict
3 Plants (5,300 Subdistricts)
Administrative Organization
6. Bangkok Metropolitan
11 Plants
Administration
7. Pattaya City
2 Plants
Administrative Organization

134. Facts and Statistics of Domestic
Wastewater Management (Cont.)
1%

Stabilization Pond

1%

37%

45%

Aerated Lagoons
Activated Sludge

16%

ConstructedWetland
Rotating BiologicalContactor (RBC)4. Facts and Statistics of Domestic
Wastewater Management (Cont.)

Stabilization Pond (45%)

Aerated Lagoon (16%)

Activated Sludge (37%)

RBC (1%)

Construct Wetland (1%)

5. Policy on Domestic Wastewater
ManagementReduction ofWastewater at Point
Sources

OnsiteTreatment

Rehabilitation of the Existing andConstruction of New Municipal
Wastewater Treatment Systems

Cluster
Wastewater
Treatment

CentralWastewater
Treatment

Law Enforcement

Strict Law Enforcementand Establishment ofLocal OrdinanceDomestic Wastewater Management
Operated 97 plants(2.6 million m3/day)

X 150

litres/person

66

millionpersons

117 plants

9.9

millioncu.m./day

7,850

Local Administrative
Organizations

Stabilization pond

1.8 billion
USDof wastewater
generated

Aerated lagoons

38%In 2019

Faecal Sludge Management (FSM)

Househandle ~ 26%

16%

2 plants
In 1985

46%

Investment
costActivated sludge~ 74%

are partially treatedby the onsite
sanitation units

Buildings
Combined Sewer
Water bodies

Land application

Onsite treatment system

Emptying

Transportation

FS treatment plant

Soil conditioner

6. Laws and Regulations

Real estate
effluent standard(> 100 houses) under
Enhancement and Conservation of
National Environmental Quality Act(NEQA)
BOD < 30 mg/L
SS < 40 mg/L

Proposed by LAO

Enforced by PCD, REO
Building
effluent standard(10 Types) under NEQA

Central wastewater
treatment plant
effluent standard
under NEQA

Wastewater tariff
under NEQA
Enforced by
PCD, REO

Approved by
Pollution Control Committee

Enforced by
PCD, REO

BOD < 30 mg/L
SS < 40 mg/L

BOD < 20 mg/L

(Draft) TISI
standards
For <10 cu.m./day

SS < 30 mg/L

FS collection and disposal under Public Health
Act and ACT on the Maintenance of theCleanliness and Orderliness of the Country

Announcedby LAO

Onsite Installation by 44th and51st Ministerial regulation
under Building control Act

Approved for installation
by LAO
Approvedby LAO

Allowance private company tooperate FSM under Public
Health Act(Draft) Solid fraction standard
Under Public Health Act andproposed by Public HealthDepartment(Draft) effluent standard
Under Public Health Act andproposed by Public HealthDepartment

7. Water Quality ForecastPlanResult

Present ,Thailand has WWT = 117

1.8 billion USD
Only 3 rivers in the standard

Future in 20 years, Thailand will have WWT = 720…?... billion USD…?... rivers in the standard

Solution, For planning
We use Mike11 to predict water quality for the future…?... Mike11…?... Location…?... Type of system…?... Enough or not enough…?... Industrial, Agricultural

Inland water sub-division
Water Quality Management Division
Pollution Control Department
1) Dr. Chaiyo Juisiri
Position: Director of Inland water sub-division
E- mail: juisiri@hotmail.com
Mobile Phone: 0923966994
2) Ms. Kingdao Intarukdach
Position: Environmental Senior Professional Level
E-mail: kingdao78@hotmail.com
Mobile Phone: 0888914465

www.pcd.go.th