RESULTS OF WEPA QUESTIONNAIREWEPA INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP
23 FEBRUARY 2011
YATSUKA KATAOKA
IGES, WEPA SECRETARIATWEPA QUESTIONNAIRE ON CCAND WATER ENVIRONMENTFY2009: One Questionnaire
Climate Change in Water Resource and Environment
Policies/Strategies
FY2010: Two Questionnaire
C1:
Climate‐Water Related Information to Investigate Impacts ofClimate Change to the Water Environment
C2:
Perception Survey on Climate Change Impacts on the Water
Environment in WEPA countries

ADAPTATION PLANNING &IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS

MonitoringandEvaluation

Monitoring and Database
Development

Identifies/Potential
Impacts

Vulnerability
Assessment

IMPLEMENTATION

Capacitydevelopment
Otherpressures

Existing
Management
Framework/Measures

Goals(Policy Objectives)

Consideration ofAdaptation
Strategies/Measures

Criteria for Decision
Making

ADAPTATION
PLAN/MEASURES

Water sector

Information
Perception

OtherSectors

CLIMATE CHANGE IN WATER RESOURCE AND
ENVIRONMENT POLICIES/STRATEGIES (FY2009) ‐BASICSOBJECTIVE
To understand to what extent climate concerns are included in
the current water resource/environment policy/strategies
TARGETWEPA focal point (or the person who participated in the 1st
Workshop in March 2010)ANSWERS
Answer from 10 country representatives(Ref. 1)

CLIMATE CHANGE IN WATER RESOURCE AND
ENVIRONMENT POLICIES/STRATEGIES (FY2009) ‐FINDINGSNational plan or strategies related to climate and water‐‐‐

A part of National adaptation program of action, framework, strategies (5countries + 1 country under consideration)
National communications (1 country)
No mention about plans/strategies, but there are adaptation measures
identified in agri. Sector (1 country)

Climate change concerns in water resource management
plan/strategies
No national strategies/plan names were not in any answers.
However, there are project/program based approaches, in relation to disastermanagement.

CLIMATE CHANGE IN WATER RESOURCE AND
ENVIRONMENT POLICIES/STRATEGIES (FY2009) ‐FINDINGS
Climate change concerns in water environmental management
plans/strategies‐‐‐‐Malaysia (national policy on environment)
Philippines (IWRM plan)
Laos (to be drafted)
Thailand (OEPP document)

CLIMATE‐WATER RELATED INFORMATION TO
INVESTIGATE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO THE
WATER ENVIRONMENT(FY2010) ‐ BASICSOBJECTIVE
To identify availability of relevant data related to water andclimate that needs to investigate climate change impacts to thewater environment
TARGETWEPA focal point (or the person who participated in the 2ndWorkshop)
ANSWERS
Answer from x country representatives(Ref. 2)

CLIMATE‐WATER RELATED INFORMATION TO
INVESTIGATE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO THE
WATER ENVIRONMENT(FY2010) ‐ FINDINGS
1) Air temperature data exists in most countries.
2) Water temperature data is available in river is available morethan that in other water bodies (lakes, coastal).
 Do different authorities have water data in lakes and coastal
areas?
3) Water quality data at the monitoring stations that has longer
data of water temp. are not much available.
 How about the status of water quality monitoring?
4) Insufficient long‐term data for checking correlation ofclimate change and water related.

PERCEPTION SURVEY ON CLIMATE CHANGE
IMPACTS ON THE WATER ENVIRONMENT IN WEPACOUNTRIES ‐ BASICSOBJECTIVE
To collect the views of water experts in different fields aboutpotential impacts of climate change to the water environment
TARGET
More than 200 experts working in WEPA countries
More than WEPA country representative (12) + the past WEPA meeting
participants (163) + selected experts working in WEPA countries (20+)

ANSWERS
up to date, 41 answers are collected.
Nepal (16), Malaysia (5), Indonesia (4), Philippines (3), China (3), Laos (2), Thailand(2), Viet Nam (2), ROK (1), Myanmar (1), Sri Lanka (1); India (1)PERCEPTION SURVEY – RESULTS(1) IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WQ
Intensifying/Emerging water
quality degradation becauseof climate change
Strongly Agree (14)Agree (23)

ReasonHigher water temperature affects water quality(4)Salt water intrusion increase salinity (2)Change in rainfall pattern (5)Prolonged dry period/drought (3) ◆Water shortage (2)Less discharge, lower flow (8)Flood (3) ◆Change in water use (1)More exploitation of groundwater (3)Poor wastewater infrastructure increases risks (1)Impact to local livelihood‐‐‐ climate impact or other impacts? (how to differentiate?)

Disagree (5)Unsustainable development is the main cause ofdegradation and climate Impact is little.
No direct impacts to water quality

Strongly Disagree (0)‐‐‐‐‐

PERCEPTION – RESULTS(2) WATER ENVIRONMENT ISSUES TO BE
INTENSIFIED EMERGED BECAUSE OF CLIMATECHANGE 0510152025Organic

11Eutrophication

11Pathogens
Acidification

94Sedimentation

20

Turbidity

11

Salinity

12

HM/Chemical

5Ecosystem
Others30264(Others: ammonical nitrogen, trace metal, POPs)

PERCEPTION – RESULTS(3) SPECIFIC SITES AFFECTED
Indonesia:Kampar, Musi, Batang, Hari (Sumatra);Ciadane, Ciliwung, Citram, Citanduy, Progo, Bengawan Solo,Bratanas(Jawa);
Barito (Kalimantan);
Saddang Mamasa (Sulawesi)
Viet Nam: Red river (water shortage), Hai Phong, Nam Dinh,
Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan, Ca Mau (Saltwater intrusion)
Nepal: Bagmati
Sri Lanka: Beira Lake, Kandy Lake

PERCEPTION – RESULTS(4) AREAS NEED POLICY INTERVENTION
1)Data and Information
Inclusion of water quality parameter in hydro-climate projection
Strengthening water quality monitoring
Data sharing among relevant organizations
2) Strengthening water-climate links
Incorporate climate adaptation concerns in policies(development, water development policies)
Development of NAPA
Categorization/prioritization of climate vulnerable water bodies(rivers)

PERCEPTION – RESULTS(4) AREAS NEED POLICY INTERVENTION
3) Strengthening pollution source control
Solid waste management
Wastewater treatment
4) Wetland/Forest/Groundwater
Wetland conservation plan/strategies/actions
Forest management
Groundwater policy/groundwater extraction control
5) Education/AwarenessEducation on climate change and water quality
Community awareness program (both climate and water
quality conservation)

SUMMARY OF RESULTS OFPERCEPTION SURVEY-Limitation of this survey:
limited number of answers; unequal country distribution(need furtherinvestigation)
BUT- More people thinks water quality will be affected by change of rainfall
pattern- higher concerns on lower flow/discharge in dry period.
- flood incidents-Potential damage to aquatic ecosystems is highly recognized.
- Variety of areas need to be policy intervention- information and data management- integration of climate concerns and water related plan/strategies- integrated management (forest-water-climate)- strengthening of current water pollution control measures (?)

DISCUSSION SESSIONPOSSIBLE DISCUSSION TOPICS

 Impacts of climate change – Where and What?
 Possible adaptation actions (areas for policy interventions) Data and information need to investigate impacts ofclimate change (in the future) Potential discussion topics/actions related to climatechange and the water environment under WEPAWHAT WILL HAPPEN?
‐ POTENTIAL IMPACTS TO DIFFERENT WATER
BODIES IN YOUR COUNTRY? NO IMPACTS?
Name of Water Bodies

Country

Impact (low – high)ADAPTATION PLANNING &IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS

MonitoringandEvaluation

Monitoring and DatabaseDevelopmentIdentified/Potential
Impacts

Vulnerability
Assessment

IMPLEMENTATION

Capacity
development
Other
pressures

Existing
Management
Framework/
Measures

Goals(Policy Objectives)

Consideration ofAdaptation
Strategies/Measures

Criteria for Decision
Making

ADAPTATION
PLAN/MEASURES

Water sector

Information
Perception

OtherSectors

CONSIDERING NECESSARY ADAPTATION ACTIONS –WHAT IS NECESSARY IN YOUR COUNTRY?
TYPE OF IMPACTS

Impacts observed

LEVEL OF EMERGENCY

Emergent
Short‐termLess emergent
Mid‐term

Potential Impacts(high probability)

Emergent
Better to act now
Less Emergent
Mid‐term

Increase of preparedness

ADAPTATION OPTIONSINFORMATION AND DATA NEEDS?
1. DATA MANAGEMENT- Monitoring-Accumulation-Sharing-Evaluation
2. Water quality data necessary to consider climate impacts
to water quality (what are necessary element to promotestrategic monitoring in consideration of climate change?)
3. Barriers to promote water quality data collection andaccumulation (technical and institutional)