Vicente B. Tuddao, Jr. Ph.D.
Engr. Erlinda Gonzales
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
PHILIPPINES

Land Area ..300,000 sq. km
Population.. 89 million
421 Principal River Basins
20 Major River Basins
79 lakes
1,800 Km coastlines

The Manila Bay‐Pasig River‐Laguna Lake Water
Resources Environment

ManilaBay

Manila
Bay

Pasig
River

LagunaLake

Major Concerns and Issues affecting Water
Environment in the Philippines• Flooding of low lying areas‐ Flooding of Laguna
Region and Metro Manila particularly due toincreased frequency of high magnitude
monsoon rains;• Siltation and Sedimentation of water bodies• Low DO, high BOD, high TSS, Heavy metals insome water bodies near high economic
activities/urban setting, High nutrients/organics

Major Concerns and Issues affecting Water
Environment in the Philippines• Pollution and over‐extraction of groundwateraquifers• Drying up of rivers• Declining productivity of aquatic and marine
water resources• Declining biodiversity

Percentage Distribution of Pollution Sources
Affecting Surface Water Bodies

Classification of Water bodies According to Best UsageClassification

Beneficial Use

For Fresh Surface Waters ( rivers, lakes , reservoirs, etc.)
Class AA : Public Water Supply• Waters that require disinfection to meet the National Standards forDrinking Water (NSDW)Class A : Public Water Supply• Waters that require complete treatment to meet the NSDWClass B : Recreational Water
Class CClass D

• Waters for primary contact recreation ( e.g. bathing , swimming, skindiving, etc.)• Water for fishery production • Recreational Water Class II ( boating etc.) •Industrial Water Supply Class I• For agriculture, irrigation, livestock watering • Industrial Water Supply
Class IIFor Coastal and Marine Waters (as amended by DAO 97-23)
Class SA• Water suitable for fishery production • National marine parks and marinereserves • Coral reefs parks and reserves
Class SB

• Tourist zones and marine reserves • Recreational Water Class I • Fishery
Class I for milkfish

Class SC• Recreational Water Class II ( e.g. boating) • Fishery Water Class II (commercial) • Marshy and/or mangrove areas declared as fish and wildlife
sanctuaries

Class SD

• Industrial Water Supply Class II • Other coastal and marine waters

The Philippine Water Quality Related Laws
(Institutional Strengthening and Governance)• Republic Act No. 9275, Clean Water Act(2004).
‐This law provides for the a program and regulations for theabatement and management of water pollution from point
and non‐point sources.
‐It introduces market‐based instruments (MBIs) such as thewastewater charge system that imposes fees based on thevolume of effluents discharged.
‐ It strengthens enforcement by providing stiffer penalties forviolations of standards. This law modified the permitting
system in order to accommodate the fee system based onamount of pollution discharged.

Water Quality Status and Classification of Laguna LakeBacteriological Assessment of Manila Bay(c)(c)

Baseline Data

Total
Concentrati
on forReduction(Geomean)(a)Coliform Class SB
Parameter Criteria(MPN/100mL)

(b.1)
2003

(b.2)
2006

(b.3)
2009

[(b.3)– (a)]•FecalColiform• Total
Coliform

200

687

289

(Noveleta,Cavite 2) –(Mattel,Bataan)-

50,07541,746(NavotasFishport)

1000

1,454
(Noveleta,Cavite 2) –87,775(NavotasFishport)*based on 14 monitoring stations(LunetaPark)

795(Mattel,Bataan)-

62,586(LunetaPark)

170(VillaCarmen,Bataan)–32,90232,702
MPN/100mL(maximumcase)(LunetaPark)

454(Mattel,Bataan)139,611(Tanza,Cavite1)

138,611
MPN/100mL(maximumcase)L am b in g an
S evilla
M arikin a
G u ad alu p e
Brid g e
G u ad alu p e
V iejoG u ad alu p e
Nu evoBu ayan g
Bato
Bam b an g
V arg asNap in d an
C62Havan a

Jo n es

1Nag tah an

M an ila Baym g /L

Pasig River Average concentration of Dissolved Oxygen (1st Quarter, 2010).
1st Quarter Dissolved Oxygen

10.0

8.0

6.0Passed
DO Std.

4.0
Failed

2.00.03456789101112131410-Jan10-Feb10-Mar

Progress in the
Implementation of Water
Quality Governance in thePhilippines

Philippine
Clean Water
Act of 2004

Status of Implementation (as of February 15, 2011)
Provisions of Law

Preparation ofNational Water
Quality Status
ReportStatusDone
National Water Quality Status Report wasprepared and published3 regional water quality status report
prepared and published(Regions 3, 6, 12)

Preparation of a 10- WQMA Action Planning for MMO River
year WQMA Action System; Iloilo-Batiano River System; andPlanSarangani Bay prepared

Responsible
AgencyDepartmentofEnvironment
and NaturalResources(DENR)DENR

Provisions of Law

StatusDesignation of
Officially designated WQMAs:
Water Quality
Management Areas 1.Areas within the Laguna Lake Development(WQMAs)Authority (LLDA) jurisdiction
1.Marilao-Meycauayan-Obando River inRegion 3 (DAO 2008-07)
2.Tigum-Aganan Watershed WQMA in Region
6 (DAO 2008-18)
1.Iloilo-Batiano River System WQMA in Region
6 (DAO 2009-11)
2.Sarangani Bay WQMA in Region 12(DAO 2010-12)
1.Silway River WQMA in Region 12(DAO 2010-10)

Responsible
AgencyDENR incoordination
with National
Water
Resources
Board(NWRB)

Provisions of Law

StatusConstitution of theGoverning Board

LLDA Board Resolution No. 374, series of2008 declared the formal establishment ofthe Laguna de Bay Region WQMA
Governing Board

Responsible
AgencyDENR

In the DAO designating the WQMA, thecreation of the Governing Board is alreadyincluded. Thus, there is already aGoverning Board for the Tigum-Aganan
Watershed WQMA, MMO River System
WQMA, Iloilo-Batiano River System WQMA,
Sarangani Bay WQMA, and Silway River
WQMA
Enforcement,
review & revisionof water qualityguidelines

Proposed revised Water Quality Guidelines
has been finalized

DENR

Provisions of Law

StatusResponsible Agency

Review and setting
Proposed General Effluent Standards hasof effluent standards been finalized

DENR

Establishment ofinternationallyaccepted
procedures forsampling andanalysis ofpollutants

Done
Water Quality Monitoring Manual whichcontains the procedures for sampling has
been prepared.

DENR

Formulation of
testing procedures
and establishmentof accreditation
system forlaboratories

Done
Review/revision of the Testing Procedures isincorporated in the proposed DAO on Water
Quality Guidelines and General Effluent
Standards.

Review/revision of the Methods of Analysis ofpollutants is incorporated in the proposed
Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent
Standards

Guidelines/procedures of accreditation is ongoing

DENR

Provisions of Law

StatusResponsible
AgencyCategorization ofpoint & non-point
sources of waterpollution

List included in the Final Draft DAO on
Water Quality Guidelines and General
Effluent Standards

DENR

Classification orreclassification of
all water bodies

Classification of water bodies is on-going
As of 2009, a total of 650 water bodies(small and principal rivers) has beenclassified with 5 water bodies classified as
Class AA and 205 water bodies classified
as class A.

DENR

Establishment ofwastewater charge
formulaThe wastewater charge formula wasestablished in 2005 (DAO 2005-10) andadoption of the formula is on-going.

DENR

Discharge Permits

On going (Permit to Discharge required byDENR )Provisions of Law

StatusResponsible
AgencyFormulation ofguidelines for the reuse of wastewater
for irrigation andother agriculturaluses and for theprevention, control
and abatement ofpollution fromagriculture andaquaculture
activities

DA DAO 2007-26 (Guidelines on theProcedures and Technical Standards for theIssuance of a Certification Allowing for theSafe Re-use of Wastewater for thePurposes of Irrigaton and Other AgriculturalUses) was issued in 2007

DepartmentofAgriculture(DA) incoordinationwith DENR

National Water
Quality
Management Fund

Draft guidelines for the operationalization ofthe fund prepared

DENR

Area Water Quality
Management Fund

Draft guidelines prepared

DENR

Provisions of Law

Preparation ofNational
Sewerage andSeptage
Management
ProgramStatusThe NSSMP was prepared byDPWH as the lead agency.

ResponsibleAgency

Department ofPublic Worksand Highways(DPWH) in
coordination with
DENR, Local
government
Units (LGU)andother concerned
agencies

Provisions of
Law

StatusResponsibl
e Agency

Formulation ofguidelines andstandards for thecollection,treatment anddisposal of
sewageDone
Guidelines can be found in Chapter 17 of
the Supplemental IRR of the Sanitation
Code (2004)

Departmentof Health(DOH) in
coordination
with othergovernment
agencies

Formulation ofguidelines for theestablishment andoperation ofcentralized
sewage treatment
systemDone
Guidelines can be found in Chapter 17 of
the Supplemental IRR of the Sanitation
Code (2004)

DOH incoordination
with othergovernment
agenciesPreparation ofprogram forevaluation,verification,development anddissemination ofpollution preventionand cleaner
production
technologies

Joint (DENR and DOST) Administrative Order
2006-01 (Environmental Technology
Verification) was issued in 2006

Information and Education Campaign (IEC)
Preparation andProgram by agencies are on-going
implementation ofcomprehensive andcontinuing public
education andinformation program

DOST

Department ofEducation(DepED),
Commission on
Higher
Education(CHED),
Diepartment ofInterior andLocal
Government(DILG),
Philippine
Information
Agency (PIA) in
coordination with

Acknowledgment••••••••

Environmental Management Bureau
National Water Resources Board
Department of Agriculture
Greenpeace International
Manila Bay Coordinating Office
Laguna Lake Development Authority
Pasig River Rehabilitation Commission, andThe River Basin Control Office